cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Horseradish‐root‐modified carbon paste bioelectrode

The incorporation of horseradish roots into the carbon paste matrix results in an effective bioelectrode for sensing hydrogen peroxide. The response is based on the hydrogen peroxidase activity in the tissue. Because of the intimate contact between the biocatalytic and sensing sites, a very fast response is observed, as desired for practical biosensing applications. The behavior of the new bioelectrode is characterized using a flow injection system. Response time (t95%) as low as 11 s has been determined. The limit of detection is 3 × 10−7 M (1 ng), the relative standard deviation is 1.4%, and the response is linear up to 1.2 × 10−4 M. Oxidizable biological compounds do not interfere in the determination of hydrogen peroxide. The response is characterized also with respect to paste composition, flow rate, applied potential, reducing-agent concentration, injection volume, and other variables. Rapid and sensitive flow-injection measurements of glucose are illustrated. The tissue-modified electrode possesses many of the features desirable for use as an amperometric sensor for oxidase substrates.
Androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer.

for growth of prostate cancer in this stage of the disease. 1 In this issue of The Journal Morote et al (page 1290) describe their findings in medically castrated patients whose serum testosterone was monitored every 6 months at the same time as a routine prostate specific antigen blood test. This report suggests a possible relationship between increased testosterone and androgen independent progression of prostate cancer. The authors propose that monitoring of serum testosterone has potential usefulness in selecting patients for the addition of an antiandrogen. They appropriately recommend further carefully designed clinical trials to confirm their findings. Also in this issue Krupski et al (page 1423) analyzed claims data for Medicare covered and employer paid health care services to determine if men with prostate cancer treated with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) have a higher incidence of bone fractures than those not treated with ADT. It is not surprising that any use of ADT by patients increased the odds ratio of fracture. The significance of this investigation is the dramatic difference in cost over 3 years (nearly double) between men with prostate cancer who received ADT versus those not on ADT. The conclusion calling for the attention of clinicians and policy makers is a subtle but perspicacious indictment of the routine use of ADT with or without the concomitant prescription of an antiandrogen. These 2 reports should reinvigorate our effort to stratify cases of prostate cancer by risk of progression. The use of ADT could be driven by objective nomograms and antiandrogens might be used in subgroups of patients with incomplete medical castration. We could delay and perhaps avoid the deleterious effects of ADT with substantial cost savings as well. On the horizon a kinder, gentler form of hormone therapy is nearly ready for clinical trials. Nonsteroidal ligands have been synthesized which are agonists for the AR. These compounds, selective androgen receptor modulators, have significant anabolic activity while having only moderate to minimal androgenic activity in vivo when given to castrated male rats. 2 These agents may have therapeutic benefit for androgen dependent prostate cancers without the deleterious bone complications and/or adverse impact on quality of life.
Diary Study of Disruption Experiences of Crew Members on a Jobsite

AbstractThe specific goal of the study reported in this paper was to derive an understanding of the types of workflow disruptions that trigger fast-improvised decisions and actions by a crew member and how disruptions affect a worker’s state of mind. A diary study technique was used to capture the thoughts, decisions, actions, and emotions of workers in situ—when they were working in their natural setting—at multiple points in time during the workweek. An analysis of the data revealed that a group-level positive correlation existed between experiencing a disruption and initiating a fast improvised decision and action. However, some workers tended to improvise frequently when disrupted, whereas others did not. The analyses also revealed that workers’ emotions fluctuated throughout the week and two emotional states—determined and interested—tended to decline following a disruption. Some of the workers also experienced increases in their negative emotions whereas others did not, suggesting that not all worke...
Functional timing analysis for IP characterization

A method that characterizes the timing of Intellectual Property (IP) blocks while taking into account IP functionality is presented. IP blocks are assumed to have multiple modes of operation specified by the user. For each mode, our method calculates IO path delays and timing constraints to generate a timing model. The method thus captures the mode-dependent variation in IP delays which, according to our experiments, can be as high as 90%. The special manner in which delay calculation is performed guarantees that IP delays are never underestimated. The resulting timing models are also compacted through a process whose accuracy is controlled by the user.
Parallclization of Phase-Field Model to Simulate Freezing in High-Re Flow—Multiscale Method Implementation

Publisher Summary Phase-field models have been applied to phase transformation problems for decades. Many systems in nature involve multiple scales and become interesting because they exhibit different behaviors on different scales. The traditional approach for multiscale problems is to obtain, either analytically or empirically, explicit equations for the scale of interest, while eliminating other scales of the problem. The success of resulting phenomenological equations is much less spectacular for a large class of complex systems. The aim of this approach is to model the theoretical input to a coarse-grained model from a more detailed microscopic model, bypassing the necessity of empirical modeling. A macroscopic description is known, but ceases to be valid in a localized region in space and/or time, and where the microscopic description has to be used instead. A macroscopic model may not be explicitly known, or too expensive to obtain, but is known to exist— that is, there exists a set of macroscopic variables obeying a closed macroscopic model. The phase-field-like models are needed to provide details of dendrite structures on microscopic levels.
Developing and evaluating a cancer prevention teaching module for secondary education: Project SAFETY (Sun Awareness for Educating Today's Youth).

The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center (UTMDACC) is concerned with the meteoric rise in incidence of melanoma. As few as three episodes of blistering sunburns before age 20 increases ...
Over-flight Risk Considerations for the Launch of an ELV Rocket to an ISS Inclination

Congress granted the FAA the authority to license commercial launch and reentry operations to ensure protection of public, property, the national security and foreign policy interests of the United States and to encourage, facilitate, and promote U.S. Commercial Space Transportation. To meet this responsibility, the FAA performs safety evaluations of license applications to conduct commercial launches from the United States or outside the United States by a U.S. citizen or an entity organized under the laws of the United States. This paper discusses an example FAA analysis of the risk to the public resulting from the launch of a space vehicle to the International Space Station from a launch site at the Eastern Range, headquartered at Cape Canaveral, Florida, and the Mid-Atlantic Regional Spaceport, located in Wallops, Virginia. This work is presented to address some of the challenges launch operators competing for the Commercial Orbital Transportations Services (COTS) and the FAA face in their efforts to promote commercial space activities while ensuring the launch operator meets their regulatory obligations and responsibility for protecting the public.
SHAPING the Future: Our Cause, 50 Million Strong

ABSTRACTAmy Morris Homans was an amazing leader in the early development of physical education. She believed that every individual must be educated academically and physically. Earlier this year, SHAPE America committed to making her vision a reality with the goal of empowering ALL students with the skills, knowledge, habits, and determination to make meaningful physical activity and healthy choices a regular part of their lives. This is called “50 Million Strong by 2029.” Fifty million is the number of school-aged youth nationwide, and 2029 is the year this year’s preschoolers will graduate from high school. To be successful will take everyone working together, but people are ready and the country’s future depends on success. Are you on board? This presentation will explain the 50 Million Strong commitment, showcase programs moving the nation in this direction, and celebrate the physical and health education teachers who are key to this movement.
Radiographic Findings in the Nail-Patella Syndrome

Nail-patella syndrome is a rare disorder characterized classically by the tetrad of nail hypoplasia or aplasia, aplastic or hypoplastic patellae, elbow dysplasia, and the presence of iliac horns. Iliac horns are considered pathognomonic, and the presence of hypoplastic or aplastic patellae in conjunction with nail abnormalities is a cardinal feature of diagnosis. Elbow dysplasia is present in most cases and can exhibit features typical of the syndrome. Herein we present the radiographic findings of the elbows, knees, and pelvis of a woman with nail-patella syndrome.
Culprit for recurrent acute gastrointestinal massive bleeding: “Small bowel Dieulafoy’s lesions” - a case report and literature review

A Dieulafoy's lesion is a dilated, aberrant, submucosal vessel that erodes the overlying epithelium without evidence of a primary ulcer or erosion. It can be located anywhere in the gastrointestinal tract. We describe a case of massive gastrointestinal bleeding from Dieulafoy's lesions in the duodenum. Etiology and precipitating events of a Dieulafoy's lesion are not well known. Bleeding can range from being self-limited to massive life- threatening. Endoscopic hemostasis can be achieved with a combination of therapeutic modalities. The endoscopic management includes sclerosant injection, heater probe, laser therapy, electrocautery, cyanoacrylate glue, banding, and clipping. Endoscopic tattooing can be helpful to locate the lesion for further endoscopic re-treatment or intraoperative wedge resection. Therapeutic options for re-bleeding lesions comprise of repeated endoscopic hemostasis, angiographic embolization or surgical wedge resection of the lesions. We present a 63-year-old Caucasian male with active bleeding from the two small bowel Dieulafoy's lesions, which was successfully controlled with epinephrine injection and clip applications.
Angelman Syndrome without Chromosome Anomaly

The clinical manifestations of Angelman syndrome (AS) in 12 patients without a cytogenetic or molecular defect and 28 with a deletion were compared at the Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, and other hospitals in the Netherlands.
Gene methylation in random FNA samples as biomarkers for breast cancer.

518 Background: Current methods to determine breast cancer risk are insufficiently sensitive to select women most likely to benefit from preventive strategies. We hypothesized that candidate gene p...
Separation of sperm cells from samples containing high concentrations of white blood cells using a spiral channel

Microfluidic technology has potential to separate sperm cells from unwanted debris while improving the effectiveness of assisted reproductive technologies (ART). Current clinical protocol limitations regarding the separation of sperm cells from other cells/cellular debris can lead to low sperm recovery when the sample contains a low concentration of mostly low motility sperm cells and a high concentration of unwanted cells/cellular debris, such as in semen samples from patients with pyospermia [high white blood cell (WBC) semen]. This study demonstrates label-free separation of sperm cells from such semen samples using inertial microfluidics. The approach does not require any externally applied forces except the movement of the fluid sample through the instrument. Using this approach, it was possible to recover not only any motile sperm, but also viable less-motile and non-motile sperm cells with high recovery rates. Our results demonstrate the ability of inertial microfluidics to significantly reduce WBC...
Nuclear pore complexes as hubs for gene regulation

Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs), the channels connecting the nucleus with the cytoplasm, are the largest protein structures of the nuclear envelope. In addition to their role in regulating nucleocytoplasmic transport, increasing evidence shows that these multiprotein structures play central roles in the regulation of gene activity. In light of recent discoveries, NPCs are emerging as scaffolds that mediate the regulation of specific gene sets at the nuclear periphery. The function of NPCs as genome organizers and hubs for transcriptional regulation provides additional evidence that the compartmentalization of genes and transcriptional regulators within the nuclear space is an important mechanism of gene expression regulation.
Novel Pouching Techniques for the Neonate With Fecal Ostomies.

Background Neonatal ostomy management is challenging even under the best circumstances. When complex circumstances are encountered, creative pouching techniques must be employed. Cases This article describes management of 5 neonates with problematic ostomies. Conclusion Maintaining a neonatal pouch seal at times requires using modified adult pouching products; however, caution should always be used due to the fragility of this patient population.
Point-of-Use Nanobiosensor for Detection of Dengue Virus NS1 Antigen in Adult Aedes aegypti: A Potential Tool for Improved Dengue Surveillance

Dengue virus (DENV) and its primary mosquito vectors Aedes spp. have spread to every continent except Antarctica, causing outbreaks and autochthonous transmission in previously disease-free regions. Recently, the spread of other arboviruses carried by invasive Aedes spp., such as Chikungunya and Zika, seem to be following similar trends as DENV and have renewed interest in monitoring and modeling arboviruses within mosquito vectors. Unfortunately, current commercially available detection methods are designed for the diagnosis of DENV in humans or are too expensive and complex for sustainable monitoring. We report a novel electronic nanobiosensor utilizing a single-walled carbon nanotube networks chemiresistor transducer functionalized with antidengue NS1 monoclonal antibodies for rapid detection of the dengue nonstructural protein 1 (NS1). NS1 is a highly conserved protein secreted at high concentrations during viral replication and is a biomarker for DENV infection. NS1 was successfully detected in spike...
The Skin(ny) on Regenerating the Largest Organ to Save a Patient’s Life

Stem cells hold enormous potential to regenerate an entire organ for organ replacement therapy. Recently, in Nature, Hirsch et al. (2017) restored the expression of laminin-332 in epidermal stem cells isolated from an individual with junctional epidermolysis bullosa and grafted the entire skin back to save the patient's life.
ANOMALOUS INFERIOR VENA CAVA TO THE LEFT ATRIUM

A 23 year old male was referred to our center for evaluation of cyanosis and erythrocytosis found incidentally during a workup for nephrolithiasis. He had no significant past medical history. He reported occasional dizziness and fatigue with significant exertion. The remainder of his cardiac review
Brain-Specific Deletion of GIT1 Impairs Cognition and Alters Phosphorylation of Synaptic Protein Networks Implicated in Schizophrenia Susceptibility

Despite tremendous effort, the molecular and cellular basis of cognitive deficits in schizophrenia remain poorly understood. Recent progress in elucidating the genetic architecture of schizophrenia has highlighted the association of multiple loci and rare variants that may impact susceptibility. One key example, given their potential etiopathogenic and therapeutic relevance, is a set of genes that encode proteins that regulate excitatory glutamatergic synapses in brain. A critical next step is to delineate specifically how such genetic variation impacts synaptic plasticity and to determine if and how the encoded proteins interact biochemically with one another to control cognitive function in a convergent manner. Towards this goal, here we study the roles of GPCR-kinase interacting protein 1 (GIT1), a synaptic scaffolding and signaling protein with damaging coding variants found in schizophrenia patients, as well as copy number variants found in patients with neurodevelopmental disorders. We generated conditional neural-selective GIT1 knockout mice and find that these mice have deficits in fear conditioning learning and spatial memory. Using global quantitative phospho-proteomics, we revealed that GIT1 deletion in brain perturbs specific networks of GIT1-interacting synaptic proteins. Importantly, several schizophrenia and neurodevelopmental disorder risk genes are present within these networks. We propose that GIT1 regulates the phosphorylation of a network of synaptic proteins and other critical regulators of neuroplasticity, and that perturbation of these networks may contribute to cognitive deficits observed in schizophrenia and neurodevelopmental disorders.
Ion and Water Transport in Gastric Mucosa

This chapter is limited to a review of some of the aspects of the basic mechanisms of ion and H20 transport. A detailed review of the whole area of the basic mechanisms of gastric HC1 production would make this text far too long. We will therefore be somewhat dogmatic in presenting conclusions, particularly for those aspects which have been covered in detail in recent reviews.(1–7) The latter have focused primarily on the problem of H+ and Cl− secretion, and have given relatively little attention to the important problem of the mechanism of water transport. Consequently we believe it is appropriate to devote an appreciable portion of this chapter to the problem of water transport.
US immigration policies and dynamics of cross‐border workforce in agriculture

Given the contentious debate on immigration, this study develops a dynamic model to analyse the effects of stricter border and domestic enforcement and streamlining the guest‐worker programme on cross‐border migration from Mexico, employment and production in US labour‐intensive and Mexican agriculture and the US and Mexican wage rates. The model incorporates labour‐leisure decisions of Mexican workers and labour market dynamics and linkages. The findings show stricter border and domestic controls exacerbate the labour‐shortage problems and reduce the US agricultural production. Streamlining the guest‐worker programme provides a steady supply of farm workers and has negligible impact on the US wage.
Discovery of Emergent Issues and Controversies in Anthropology Using Text Mining, Topic Modeling, and Social Network Analysis of Microblog Content

R is a convenient tool for analyzing text content to discover emergent issues and controversies in diverse corpora. In this case study, I investigate the use of Twitter at a major conference of professional and academic anthropologists. Using R I identify the demographics of the community, the structure of the community of Twitter-using anthropologists, and the topics that dominate the Twitter messages. I describe a series of statistical methods for handling a large corpus of Twitter messages that might otherwise be impractical to analyze. A key finding is that the transformative effect of Twitter in academia is to easily enable the spontaneous formation of information-sharing communities bound by an interest in an event or topic.
Web Mining im Dienste der Personalisierung — der Schlüssel zur digitalen Kundennähe

Die Anforderungen im Electronic Business haben sich in den letzten Jahren rapide verandert. Strategien, die Anzahl der Kunden um jeden Preis zu erhohen, sind zum Scheitern verurteilt worden. Vielmehr geht es darum, nachhaltige Kundenbeziehungen aufzubauen, den E-Customer in seinen Bedurfnissen und Interessen so zu verstehen, als wurde er mit dem Verkaufer in dem kleinen Geschaft um die Ecke sprechen. Doch wie kann man den Kanal Web zu einem erfolgreichen Vertriebs- oder Servicekanal zu seinen Kunden machen. Und wie kann ein Unternehmen die Vorteile dieses Kanals auch so nutzen, dass es echte Kundennahe erreicht und damit einen direkten Wettbewerbsvorteil erringt?
Inequality of Opportunity in India: Concepts, Measurement and Empirics:

In recent times, inequality of opportunity has seen increasing interest among economists and public policy advocates. In this article, I present a critical survey of the idea of inequality of oppor...
Comparison of fluticasone propionate and budesonide on COPD macrophage and neutrophil function.

Background Inhaled corticosteroid use is associated with increased rates of pneumonia in COPD patients. The underlying mechanism is unknown, although recent data suggest that pneumonia is more frequent in patients treated with fluticasone propionate (FP) than budesonide. Macrophages and neutrophils from COPD patients are deficient in clearing bacteria, and this might explain increased bacterial colonization in COPD. Inhaled corticosteroid may further suppress this response; therefore, we examined the effect of FP and budesonide on phagocytosis of common respiratory pathogens by monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) and neutrophils. Methods MDMs from COPD patients (n=20-24) were preincubated with FP or budesonide for 1 or 18 hours, after which phagocytosis of fluorescently labeled inert beads or heat-killed Haemophilus influenzae/Streptococcus pneumoniae were measured fluorimetrically after 1 or 4 hours. Additionally, CXCL8, IL6, and TNFα concentrations in supernatants by ELISA, MDM-scavenger-receptor expression by flow cytometry, and MDM ability to kill bacteria were measured. Neutrophils from COPD patients (n=8) were preincubated with corticosteroids for 1 hour and bacteria phagocytosis measured by flow cytometry. Results After 1 hour's preincubation, neither corticosteroid altered MDM phagocytosis of beads or H. influenzae; however, budesonide (10-7 M) increased S. pneumoniae phagocytosis by 23% (P<0.05). After 18 hours' preincubation, neither corticosteroid altered MDM phagocytosis of any prey, although H. influenzae phagocytosis by budesonide was significantly greater compared to FP at 10-6 and 10-5 M (P<0.05). The 1-hour preincubation with either corticosteroid inhibited bacteria-induced CXCL8 release (at 10-7 and 10-5 M, P<0.05); however, this effect was lost at 18-hour preincubation. There was no change in receptor expression, bacterial killing, or neutrophil phagocytosis by either corticosteroid. Conclusion These data suggest that dissolved FP and budesonide do not have an overall effect on MDM or neutrophil phagocytosis of bacteria.
Planning the bioterrorism response supply chain: Learn and live

Responses to bioterrorism require rapid procurement and distribution of medical and pharmaceutical supplies, trained personnel, and information. Thus, they present significant logistical challenges. On the basis of a review of the manufacturing and service supply chain literature, the authors identified five supply hain strategies that can potentially increase the speed of response to a bioterrorism attack, reduce inventories, and save money: effective supply chain network design; effective inventory management; postponement of product customization and modularization of component parts; coordination of supply chain stakeholders and appropriate use of incentives; and effective information management. The authors describe how concepts learned from published evaluations of manufacturing and service supply chains, as well as lessons learned from responses to natural disasters, naturally occurring outbreaks, and the 2001 US anthrax attacks, can be applied to design, evaluate, and improve the bioterrorism response supply chain. Such lessons could also be applied to the response supply chains for disease outbreaks and natural and manmade disasters.
Top-down and middle-down proteomic analysis of Shiga toxin using MALDI-TOF-TOF mass spectrometry

Abstract The method describes a step-by-step process for analysis of putative Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) for expression of Shiga toxin (Stx). The technique utilizes antibiotic induction, mass spectrometry and top-down/middle-down proteomic analysis. Stx expression is induced by overnight culturing of a STEC strain on Luria-Bertani agar (LBA) supplemented with DNA-damaging antibiotics. Culturing on agar media avoids sample contamination from salts, small molecules, peptides, etc. present in broth media that would interfere with protein ionization by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI). No mechanical lysis of bacterial cells is required to release the toxin as the antibiotic triggers the lytic cycle of the bacteriophage resulting in toxin expression and bacterial cell lysis. Unfractionated samples are analyzed by MALDI-time-of-flight-time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF-TOF) mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) using post-source decay (PSD). New features of the method are the following. • Each putative STEC strain is systematically screened for toxin expression using two different antibiotics at two different concentrations: ciprofloxacin at 10 and 20 ng mL−1 and mitomycin-C at 800 and 1200 ng mL−1 to determine the optimal antibiotic and concentration for toxin expression for each strain. • The grid-to-source voltage of MALDI-TOF-TOF is optimized to maximize PSD efficiency.
Legal access to alcohol and academic performance: Who is affected?

Abstract Previous research finds that legal access to alcohol hinders the academic performance of college students. However, the existing studies differ materially in magnitudes, suggesting a reduction in subsequent grades of either 0.03 or 0.10 standard deviations. One plausible explanation is that the change in alcohol consumption that occurs upon attaining the minimum legal drinking age (MLDA) differs across student populations. We test this hypothesis by leveraging predictable variation in adherence to the MLDA across students within the same institution. We find that students with limited underage access to alcohol experience the largest declines in academics upon turning 21, while students with large social networks that likely enable underage consumption experience no effect.
Analysis on results of health examination among operating personnel in an oil production plant

[Objective]To know the health status of operating personnel of oil production plant,provide the basis for decision-making of enterprises.[Methods]The physical examination was conducted in operating personnel,and the results were analyzed statistically.[Results]A total of 1 143 workers were collected,including 587 male workers and 556 female workers,and the abnormal rate of physical examination was 70. 08%. The abnormal rate in males( 78. 36%) was higher than that in females( 61. 33%) significantly( χ2= 39. 511,P 0. 01). The top four indexes of high abnormal rate were B-ultrasonography( 47. 7%),blood pressure( 32. 35%),blood lipid( 15.92%) and blood glucose( 5.51%).[Conclusion]The main health problems are diseases closely related to the unhealthy lifestyle,including fatty liver,hypertension,hyperlipemia and hyperglycemia. It is suggested that the health education should be improved among this population.
Numerical and experimental comparative performance analysis of emerging spherical-caged drones

Abstract As technology in the 21st century matures at a faster pace, one technology is taking major strides as an everyday utility: unmanned aerial vehicles. Spherical drones are an emerging technology to tackle environments that previous systems have had considerable trouble trying to navigate in. These systems have equal potential in both military and civilian applications. A spherical cage is designed for a traditional pusher quad-copter and fabricated out of low-cost 3D-printer materials including polylactic acid (PLA) and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS). Autodesk Finite Element Analysis simulations are carried out to show stress and performance relations for the various material densities. Endurance and thrust to weight considerations are tested to further optimize the low-cost vehicle utilizing New Mexico State University's (NMSU) wind tunnel. The vehicle is also mounted to a thrust test stand from RCBenchmark that can measure RPM, power consumption, thrust, and torque. The effect of cage interference is compared with changing airflow interference so that different cage platforms can be installed for mission sets that require more protected or gapped configurations. Although every airframe will have slight changes in the methodology used for design, this reliable strategy can be the framework for future spherical drone prototyping.
Processing and imaging of towed-streamer electromagnetic data with synthetic aperture method

Abstract The synthetic aperture (SA) method is one of the key techniques in remote sensing using radio frequency signals. Introduced in the early 1950s, Synthetic Aperture Radar, or SAR revolutionized reconnaissance surveying using radio and microwave signals. The key idea of the SAR is based on considering the entire flight path of airborne or spaceborne platform as a huge synthetic antenna, and on processing simultaneously all signals collected along this path. As a result, the clarity and resolution of the images produced by SAR can be improved dramatically.
Psychological Stress, Smoking, and Hazardous Drinking Behaviors among South Korean Adults: Findings from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Introduction: There is growing attention to mental health as a contributor to behavioral health in South Korea. We investigated the prevalence of psychological stress and its associations with ciga...
The investigation and analysis of the current status of drug-resistant tuberculosis among migratory population in Chaoyang district in Beijing

Objective To investigate the latest situation in the period 2006-2008 of drug resistance tuberculosis among migratory population in Chaoyang district of Beijing.Methods All sputum culture-positive specimens from migratory population were collected.Drug susceptibility of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to M,H,R and E were tested by proportion method.Results Drug susceptibility of 371 isolates from 2006-2008 were tested.Total drug resistance wag 22.4%(83/371),the primary drug resistance and the acquired drug resistance were 17.5%(58/331)and 62.5%(25/40)respectively.The multi-drug resistance was 5.9%(22/371);the primary multi-drug resistance was 4.2%(14/331)and acquired multi-drug resistance wag 20.0%(8/40).The drug resistance and multi-drug resistance were higher in treated cases than that in new cases.and the difference wag statistically significant(χ~2 was 39.020 and 13.210,P<0.01).The drug resistance to 4 anti-tuberculosis drugs from high to low was M(16.7%).H(12.1%),R(11.3%),E(1.9%).The primary drug resistance rate were 13.3%(S),8.8%(H),8.2%(R),1.8%(E).The acquired drug resistance rate were 45.5%(S),40.0%(H),37.5%(R),2.5%(E).The drug resistance to S,H and R were higher in treated cases than that in new cases,and the difference was statistically significant(χ~2 was 23.549,29.810 and 27.754,P<0.01).Conclusion The drug resistance to mycobacterium tuberculosis among migratory population was relatively high in chaoyang district of Beijing,suggesting the necessity to strength the tuberculosis control program for migratory population. Key words: Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Drug resistance,bacterial; Residential mobility
Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis and invasive fungal infection susceptibility

Abstract Humans are continuously exposed to fungi at barrier sites, yet invasive or persistent mucocutaneous infection ensues in a small proportion of individuals. In recent years, there has been a surge of studies uncovering the immune mechanisms responsible for controlling these organisms, which exhibit fungus-, tissue-, and cell-type specificity. Significant insight into the molecular basis for host defense against fungi has been gleaned by studying individuals with inborn errors of fungal immunity. In this chapter, we review some of the Mendelian disorders that predispose to chronic mucocutaneous and/or invasive fungal infections and we discuss the clinically relevant aspects of host genetics, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management.
A Vacuum Ultraviolet-Enhanced Oxidation Mechanism for Pd: Near-Surface Oxidation for Atomic Layer Etching.

Density functional theory (DFT) is used to better understand the oxidation of Pd metal using vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) light co-exposed with O2, which is known to produce O and O3. The oxidation of Pd metal arising from O, O2, and O3 is assessed on bare Pd, Pd with a 0.25 monolayer of adsorbed atomic O, and Pd with increasing O incorporation into the substrate. DFT calculations are complemented experimentally by co-exposing 20 nm Pd films to 1 Torr of O2 and VUV photons (6.5 < hν < 11.3 eV) from a D2 lamp at temperatures ranging from 50 to 200 °C and times from 30 s to 40 min. Oxidation of Pd is characterized using in situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Co-exposures at 50 °C and 1 Torr O2 are performed with the Pd illuminated by the VUV light and shadowed from the VUV light in attempting to select for the oxidant that impinges on the Pd surface and causes oxidation. Results suggest that atomic O incident from the gas phase is responsible for oxidation of Pd, as no PdOx formation is observed for the same time period with the sample shadowed. Growth of PdOx via O diffusion is studied with the nudged elastic band method. Atomic O diffusion through Pd has an activation energy barrier of ∼2.87 eV with respect to a surface O. This decreases to ∼1.80 eV once the 0.25 monolayer of O occupies the surface. The extent of Pd oxidation is limited to the near-surface Pd region for all times and temperatures investigated. PdOx formation does not appear to exceed one to two atomic layers of Pd for conditions explored herein.
Abdominal weakness, bulge, or hernia after DIEP flaps: An algorithm of management, prevention, and surgical repair with classification.

Summary Background This study analyzes abdominal weakness, hernia, and bulge following deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap breast reconstruction. Abdominal wall morbidities are categorized, and an algorithm for management is provided. Methods A retrospective review of 644 patients who underwent abdominal based flap breast reconstruction between 2009 and 2018 and met selection criteria was performed. Bulge and hernia were evaluated on exam and then by imaging and/or operative exploration. The incidence of abdominal weakness was evaluated by BREAST-Q™ data. Risk factors were analyzed. Results Of the 644 patients, 23 (3.6%) had a clinically significant bulge or hernia on exam postoperatively. Developing an abdominal wound postoperatively and sacrificing nerves both correlated with an increased incidence of bulge or hernia (p Conclusions A classification and algorithm for treatment of functional abdominal wall morbidity after DIEP flap is provided. Abdominal wall morbidity is classified as: type 1 – abdominal weakness; type 2 – smaller, unilateral abdominal bulge; and type 3 – true abdominal hernia or large bilateral bulge. An algorithm of treatment is presented, which includes physical therapy and surgical repair recommendations.
How Do Women Interpret Abortion Information They Find Online

Abstract Objective We sought to assess how women interpret the information they find online about the overall safety and risk of infertility associated with abortion and cesarean delivery (CD). Methods We conducted an exploratory, prospective study tracking the internet searches of 100 reproductive-aged individuals who identify as women. We directed participants to search for information about either (1) whether surgical abortion or CD is safe or (2) the risk of infertility following surgical abortion or CD. Our data collection had 3 phases: baseline survey, directed internet search, and a postsearch survey. We analyzed participants’ pre- and postsurvey responses using bivariate tests and analyzed within-subject changes. We evaluated the sites they visited based on expert ratings of site content based on trustworthiness and slant. Results Women perceived abortion as safer and less likely to cause infertility after their web searches than before (70% perceived abortion in the United States as very/completely safe presearch vs 92% postsearch; p Conclusions Women's perceptions about abortion safety and risk can be influenced by information they find online; perceptions about CD safety and risk may be less influenced by online information. Implications Disseminating high quality, user-friendly abortion information on highly ranked and easily findable websites can help women find evidence-based information and influence knowledge about abortion.
Femtosecond x-ray diffraction of short-pulse irradiated semiconductors

Summary form only given. Ultrafast optical-pump, x-ray diffraction probe experiments are providing new ways to study transient processes in physics, chemistry, and biology, including the direct observation of the atomic motion by which many solid-state processes and chemical and biochemical reactions take place. Current table-top-terawatt femtosecond laser systems provide an attractive source of few-hundred femtosecond duration bursts of angstrom-scale x-ray radiation with fluxes comparable to standard rotating-anode sources. Their compact size enables time-resolved structural dynamics to be studied in the small laboratory with temporal resolution better than typical molecular vibrational periods. Ultrafast structural dynamics in crystalline samples are readily studied with such systems and experiments discussed in this talk include ultrafast non-thermal solid-to-liquid transition in thin single-crystal Ge-111 films grown on Si-111 substrates; ultrafast non-thermal solid-to-solid transitions in bulk vanadium dioxide from a low temperature insulating phase to a high temperature metallic phase; and harmonic and anharmonic coherent acoustic dynamics in layered Ge-111 /Si-111 and bulk GaAs-111 samples.
Memory T Cells Originate from Adoptively Transferred Effectors and Reconstituting Host Cells after Sequential Lymphodepletion and Adoptive Immunotherapy

Adoptive transfer of tumor-specific effector T cells induces regression of advanced tumors and induces a long term memory response; however, the origin of this response has not been clearly defined. In this study Thy1.2+ mice bearing advanced MCA-205 tumors were treated with sublethal total body irradiation, followed by adoptive transfer of congenic Thy1.1+ T cells that had been sensitized to tumor in vivo and then activated ex vivo with anti-CD3, IL-2, and IL-7. Splenocytes were recovered >140 days after the initial therapy, and the L-selectinlow memory cell subset was separated into host Thy1.2+ and transferred Thy1.1+ cells and restimulated ex vivo. Both adoptively transferred Thy1.1+ cells as well as reconstituted host Thy1.2+ cells could specifically eliminate MCA-205 pulmonary metastases. Interestingly, hosts with partial responses followed by tumor recurrence nevertheless harbored memory cells that could be isolated and numerically amplified ex vivo to regenerate potent effector function. Memory cells were recovered after adoptive transfer into lymphodepleted nontumor-bearing hosts, indicating that they were not dependent on continued Ag exposure. These experiments establish that rapid ex vivo expansion of tumor Ag-primed T cells does not abrogate their capacity to become long-lived memory cells. Moreover, immune-mediated tumor regression coincident with lymphoid reconstitution produces another wave of host memory cells. These data suggest an approach to rescuing antitumor immune function even in hosts with long-standing progressive tumor through restorative ex vivo activation.
Engineering organization-based multiagent systems

In this paper, we examine the Multiagent Systems Engineering (MaSE) methodology and its applicability to developing organization-based multiagent systems, which are especially relevant to context aware systems. We discuss the inherent shortcomings of MaSE and then present our approach to modeling the concepts required for organizations including goals, roles, agents, capabilities, and the assignment of agents to roles. Finally, we extend MaSE to allow it to overcome its inherent shortcomings and capture the organizational concepts defined in our organization metamodel.
A hemodynamic analysis for determining critical hematocrit in transfusions for sickle cell patients

Because of complicated rheological issues related with sickle cell blood, there exists a practical need to rationally determine critical hematocrit in transfusions for sickle cell patients. In this research, two major effects, i.e. oxygen concentration and hematocrit, are considered in a theoretical hydrodynamic model incorporating oxygen transport and lubrication theory. The pressure drop depends on the compliance of red blood cells, which changes with oxygen concentration in sickle red cells. Under the assumption that after transfusion, the upper limit of the local resistance of a capillary should not surpass that in the same capillary of normal blood flow, critical hematocrit values with different exchange percentage rates are determined. The current clinical ceiling value of 35 percent for total hematocrit after the transfusion, for the first time, finds its analytical reasoning through mathematical modeling. Plots of critical hematocrit values versus the transfusion exchange percentage are provided in the paper.
From 10K to 10 TK: Insights on the Interaction Between Cosmic Rays and Gas in Starbursts

Recent work has both illuminated and mystified our attempts to understand cosmic rays (CRs) in starburst galaxies. I discuss my new research exploring how CRs interact with the ISM in starbursts. Molecular clouds provide targets for CR protons to produce pionic gamma rays and ionization, but those same losses may shield the cloud interiors. In the densest molecular clouds, gamma rays and 26Al decay can provide ionization, at rates up to those in Milky Way molecular clouds. I then consider the free-free absorption of low frequency radio emission from starbursts, which I argue arises from many small, discrete H II regions rather than from a “uniform slab” of ionized gas, whereas synchrotron emission arises outside them. Finally, noting that the hot superwind gas phase fills most of the volume of starbursts, I suggest that it has turbulent-driven magnetic fields powered by supernovae, and that this phase is where most synchrotron emission arises. I show how such a scenario could explain the far-infrared radio correlation, in context of my previous work. A big issue is that radio and gamma-ray observations imply CRs also must interact with dense gas. Understanding how this happens requires a more advanced understanding of turbulence and CR propagation.
Zoning Practices and Neighborhood Physical Disorder

Several research studies have identified disorder as a causal factor of both petty and serious crime. Consequently, policy recommendations have focused on reducing disorder in hopes of experiencing a residual effect on community crime rates. It is interesting that less research has focused on the actual correlates of disorder. Using systematic social observations, this article adds to a growing body of research aimed at understanding the incidence of physical disorder. Results indicate that residential housing located near commercial establishments was in significantly greater disrepair compared to housing stock located on residential-only blocks. Policy implications for problem-oriented policing, local government agencies, and community organizations are discussed.
Molecular mechanism of thymine-less death.

Abstract The aim of the present study was to elucidate the molecular mechanism of “thymine-less death”, the progressive loss of cell viability, resulting from a genetic or biochemically-induced ( Cohen and Barner, 1954 ; Cohen et , al , 1958) selective block in thymidylate synthesis. The earlier experiments of Mennigmann and Szybalski (1962) indicated that structural changes in DNA might be implicated in thymine-less death, since loss of cell viability was accompanied by reduction in the transforming activity of the extracted DNA, and by loss of its fibrous structure as evidence by the floculent nature of the precipitate formed upon addition of ethanol to the deproteinized DNA solution.
Carbohydrate-binding properties of an immobilized α-d-galactopyranosyl-binding protein (lectin) from the seeds of Bandeiraea simplicifolia

Abstract The α- d -galactopyranosyl-binding lectin from Bandeiraea simplicifolia has been coupled to cyanogen bromide-activated Sepharose 4B. Using this immobilized system, we have been able to study the interaction of the lectin with model carbohydrate—protein conjugates and polysaccharides, and to reaffirm this protein's carbohydrate-binding specificity. The opportunity for the isolation of biopolymers containing α- d -galactopyranosyl end-groups is demonstrated by the single step purification of a new galactomannan from the seeds of Cassia alata .
Factors Influencing the Performance and Lifetime of Fibrous Glass and Metal Media HEPA Filters

High efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters are used in a variety of nuclear applications as final air treatment units. The design of air filtration systems in nuclear facilities that will function well requires a significant amount of knowledge about the challenge conditions that these filters will be exposed to. Additionally, risk assessments conducted as a review of these systems need also to be based on knowledge of filter challenge parameters during upset conditions that may be used as design basis conditions. This paper presents a summary of findings of factors that influence the performance lifetime of conventional fibrous glass media filters. These factors include aerosol challenge (particle size distributions and mass concentrations), media velocities, wetting conditions, and changes in gas density. These data are correlated to design considerations for new systems and to process upset conditions used in risk assessments, particularly those involving fires. Data from filter testing activities are also compared to filter loading models and to literature information regarding aerosol emission rates from combustion of various materials. Additional data are provided relating the performance of metal media HEPA filters under conditions that exceed maximum ranges for fibrous glass filters. These discussions focus on selection factors between these two categories of filter units.Copyright © 2009 by ASME