cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Against the 'Meeting of the Minds': Exploring a New Basis for Contractual Liability

This Essay explores an alternative to one of the pillars of contract law, that obligations arise only when there is a 'meeting of the minds' - when the parties reach consensus over the terms of the transaction. It explores a new principle of 'no-retraction', under which each party is obligated to terms it proposed, even if different from the terms proposed by the other, and can retract only with some liability. In contrast to the all-or-nothing nature of the meeting-of-the-minds regime, where preliminary forms of consent are either full-blown contracts or create no obligation, under the no-retraction regime obligations emerge gradually and in continuous fashion, as the positions of the negotiating parties draw closer and the magnitude of their understanding increases. The analysis shows that the no-retraction liability regime can be coupled with different damage measures, to advance various social goals, including optimal reliance. It then explores various prominent doctrines and cases in the law of assent and contract formation, which produced a puzzling and inconsistent jurisprudence, and demonstrates how these issues would be resolved in a simple and unified fashion under the no-retraction approach. Finally, the analysis provides a fresh understanding of the obligation to negotiate in good faith, and explores a new criterion for gap filling in incomplete contracts.
Incarceration and Household Asset Ownership

A considerable literature documents the deleterious economic consequences of incarceration. However, little is known about the consequences of incarceration for household assets—a distinct indicator of economic well-being that may be especially valuable to the survival of low-income families—or about the spillover economic consequences of incarceration for families. In this article, we use longitudinal data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study to examine how incarceration is associated with asset ownership among formerly incarcerated men and their romantic partners. Results, which pay careful attention to the social forces that select individuals into incarceration, show that incarceration is negatively associated with ownership of a bank account, vehicle, and home among men and that these consequences for asset ownership extend to the romantic partners of these men. These associations are concentrated among men who previously held assets. Results also show that post-incarceration changes in romantic relationships are an important pathway by which even short-term incarceration depletes assets.
Emotional Intelligence and Its Relevance for Coaching

Emotional intelligence (EI) refers to a set of abilities that enables individuals to perceive emotions, understand emotions, and regulate emotions (Newman 2010; Mayer 1990). This chapter reviews two types of EI – ability EI and mixed EI – and their relevance for coaching. First, EI is established as a core coaching competency. Second, EI is highlighted as a focus area for content coaches while discussing the EI improvement paradox (Ciarrochi et al. 2002; Sheldon et al. 2014).
Predictors of Survival in De Novo Cardiac Amyloidosis.

Abstract The natural history of de novo cardiac amyloidosis is poorly described, a limitation that makes clinical decision-making difficult given the growing number of therapies for light-chain (AL)-amyloidosis (AL). We identified all patients presenting to our center from 3/99 to 8/07 at, or within 4 months of, diagnosis with symptomatic cardiac amyloidosis, and analyzed the baseline and post-treatment factors influencing survival for those with AL. During that period, 34.5% (157/455) of amyloid patients were diagnosed with de novo cardiac amyloidosis: 112 men and 45 women with a median age of 62 (31–83). Heart biopsies were obtained and were positive in 39% of men (44/112) and 31% of women (14/45). AL was diagnosed in 86% of patients (n=135) and hereditary (n=7) and senile cardiac (n=15) in the rest. Eight patients underwent heart transplant for hereditary (2 men) and AL (5 men, 1 woman). AL was diagnosed in 81% of men and 98% of women (p=0.005, chi square). We analyzed survival from diagnosis based on intention-to-treat. Ninety percent of patients with AL (n=122) received chemotherapy. Hematologic responses were scored as complete (CR), partial (PR, > 50% reduction) or non. Patients received IV melphalan with stem cell transplant (SCT, n=45), oral melphalan and dexamethasone (MDex, n=42) or other regimens (n = 35). Selection for SCT was based on age and extent of organ disease. Thirty-eight patients (28%) subsequently received second- and third-line therapies. The median survival for all patients was 10 months (range, 1 to 94). Baseline predictors of survival included age, gender and troponin I. Patients ≤ 60 years old had a median survival of 22 and those > 60 of 8 months (p=0.007). Women had a median survival of 24 and men of 8 months (p=0.02). Patients with troponin I ≤ 0.10 lived a median of 21 and those with levels > 0.10 of 9 months (p=0.01). Median ages at diagnosis of the 91 men and 44 women with AL were 59 (31–83) and 63 (38–82) respectively (p=0.19), and there were no differences in baseline albumin, alkaline phosphatase, CRP, brain natriuretic peptide, troponin I or clonal free light chains. There was a significant difference in serum creatinine (medians of 1.35 and 1.00 in men and women, p
Stressed platelets ASK1 for a MAPK.

In this issue of Blood, Naik et al evaluate the link between platelet stimulation and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation and find a critical role for apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) in platelet function and thrombus formation.1
Adverse prognostic impact of heterogeneous HER2 gene amplification in patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC).

4009 Background: HER2 expression in upper digestive cancer is reported to be heterogeneous, which substantially affects interpretation of HER2 positivity in the clinic. Yet the frequency and prognostic impact of HER2 genetic heterogeneity and polysomy 17 (poly17) are unknown in EAC. Methods: HER2 amplification (fluorescence in situ hybridization) and protein expression were examined in untreated surgical EAC specimens (N = 661) at Mayo Clinic. HER2 genetic heterogeneity was defined per ASCO/CAP as amplification (HER2/CEP17 ratio ≥ 2) in 5-50% of cancer cells; poly17 refers to ≥ 3 copies of chromosome 17. Most tumors were T3-4 (68%) or lymph node (LN)-positive (73%). Cox models were used to assess disease-specific (DSS) and overall survival (OS). Results: HER2 amplification was detected in 117 of 661 EACs (18%), of which 20 (17%) showed HER2 heterogeneity. HER2 heterogeneous tumors had a significantly higher frequency of poly17 and high tumor grade. HER2 heterogeneity by amplification vs expression were co...
Polarization enhanced laser speckle contrast imaging for vascular dynamic study

The contrast in laser speckle imaging with controlled polarization conditions for illumination and imaging was studied in a blood vessel mimic flow phantom. Either linear or circular polarization was used to illuminate samples. The polarization in imaging was controlled, to be either orthogonal (cross) or parallel to the polarization of the illumination beam. Temporal contrast imaging, was obtained by calculating the pixelwise contrast among a series of successfully recorded snapshot images. Then, temporal-spatial contrast imaging was calculated from temporal contrast imaging by calculating the spatial contrast among the pixels in a temporal contrast image. The results have shown that the parallel polarization setting had a near doubled contrast dynamic range compared to the cross polarization setting. Linear polarization and circular polarization did not show significant differences in contrast dynamic range. The results obtained here can be generally applied to all laser speckle based imaging, because they are all interference based imaging, and it is suggested that parallel polarization imaging setting can be considered for a better imaging contrast between flow and solid tissue background. In addition, in a preliminary flow speed test, the temporal-spatial contrast values did not show a statistical difference among different flow speeds due to the current experiment settings.
Conjunctival Autograft Versus Amniotic Membrane Transplantation for Treatment of Pterygium: Findings From a Cochrane Systematic Review

Purpose To summarize key findings from a systematic review of the effectiveness and risks of conjunctival autograft (CAG) compared with amniotic membrane transplant (AMT) for pterygium. Design Cochrane systematic review. Methods We included only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in which CAG and AMT had been compared for primary or recurrent pterygia. The primary outcome was recurrence of pterygium ≥1 mm onto the cornea by 3 and 6 months post surgery. We adhered to Cochrane methods for trial selection, data extraction, risk of bias evaluation, and data synthesis. Results Twenty RCTs with 1866 participants (1947 eyes) were included. Pterygium recurrence 6 months after surgery ranged from 3.3% to 16.7% in the CAG group and 6.4% to 42.3% in the AMT group based on data from 1021 eyes in 10 RCTs. Estimated risk ratios from meta-analysis indicated that CAG-treated eyes had a 47% lower risk of recurrence 6 months after surgery compared with the AMT group (RR, 0.53, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.33–0.85). For 96 eyes with recurrent pterygium, the risk of recurrence 6 months after CAG was reduced by 55% compared with AMT (risk ratio [RR], 0.45, 95% CI, 0.21–0.99). Three-month recurrence rates were similar for CAG and AMT based on data from 538 eyes (6 RCTs). Conclusions CAG was more effective than AMT to prevent pterygium recurrence by 6 months post surgery, especially in recurrent pterygia. CAG-treated eyes had half the recurrence rates of AMT-treated eyes. Future RCTs should assess changes in patient-reported outcomes (symptoms, cosmesis) and visual acuity, and evaluate effects of surgical variations.
Muscarinic Receptors: Autonomic Neurons

Muscarinic receptors bind acetylcholine to transduce signals in the central nervous system, autonomic ganglia, smooth muscles, and parasympathetic organs. The five closely related receptor subtypes (M1–M5) are members of the class A (rhodopsin-like) superfamily of G-protein-coupled receptors. These receptors possess seven membrane-spanning domains and specific sites for glycosylation, phosphorylation, lipid modification, and interaction with heterotrimeric transducer G-proteins. M1, M3, and M5 receptors are efficiently coupled through G q/11 proteins to phospholipase C β , producing the second messengers diacylglycerol and inositol triphosphate. M2 and M4 receptors inhibit adenylate cyclase through actions involving G i . Our understanding of muscarinic systems has advanced by analysis of receptor gene knockouts.
Identification and characterization of a novel activating mutation of the FLT3 tyrosine kinase in AML

3941 Hypomethylation of centromeric and pericentromeric repetitive DNA sequences is a widespread feature of many cancers including Wilms tumour, a childhood tumour of the kidney. Hypomethylation in these regions is thought to cause genomic instability which can give rise to subsequent chromosomal rearrangements. We have previously shown that approximately 60% of relapsing Wilms tumours have gain of chromosome 1q. This is a result of various mechanisms including an unbalanced t(1;16)(q12;q11-21) translocation, isochromosome 1q as well as duplication of the q arm. We hypothesized that relapsing tumours may demonstrate more hypomethylation in these regions than non relapsing tumours. We investigated the relationship between relapsing Wilms tumours and satellite DNA hypomethylation using DNA probes from the pericentromeric regions of chromosomes 1 and 16 and the centromeric region of chromosome 1. A total of 85 samples from 76 patients were analysed. 48 samples were from patients who relapsed. 32 were taken at the time of diagnosis and 16 taken at the time of relapse, including 8 matched pairs (i.e samples taken at the time of diagnosis and subsequent relapse from the same patient). 31 samples were taken from patients who did not relapse (follow up >2 years). We found that hypomethylation at all three loci examined was a common feature of Wilms tumour. However, there were no significant differences in the proportion demonstrating satellite hypomethylation between tumours that relapsed versus those that did not. D1Z1 chromosome 1 pericentromeric locus: 66.6% (32/48) hypomethylation in relapsing tumours versus 70.9% (22/31) in non relapsing tumours; D1Z5 chromosome 1 centromeric locus: 77.7% (21/27) relapsing versus 80.9% (17/21) non relapsing tumours; D16Z3 chromosome 16 pericentromeric locus: 22/41 (53.6%) relapsing versus 13/21 (61.9%) non relapsing tumours.In the 8 matched pairs analysed at both diagnosis and relapse, there was no evidence for increasing hypomethylation with clonal evolution, though numbers analysed were small. Paradoxically tumours with gain of chromosome 1q showed a trend towards less hypomethylation (10/16, 62%) than those without 1q gain (13/14, 92.8%) (p=0.086) . This suggests that the observed gain of genomic material on 1q is not solely the result of karyotypic instability induced through hypomethylation and that other mechanisms must be contributing.
Efficient two-stage designs and proper inference for animal studies.

Cost-effective yet efficient designs are critical to the success of animal studies. We propose a two-stage design for cost-effectiveness animal studies with continuous outcomes. Given the data from the two-stage design, we derive the exact distribution of the test statistic under null hypothesis to appropriately adjust for the design’s adaptiveness. We further generalize the design and inferential procedure to the K-sample case with multiple comparison adjustment. We conduct simulation studies to evaluate the small sample behavior of the proposed design and test procedure. The results indicate that the proposed test procedure controls the type I error rate for the one-sample design and the family-wise error rate for K-sample design very well, whereas the naive approach that ignores the design’s adaptiveness due to the interim look severely inflates the type I error rate or family-wise error rate. Compared with the standard one-stage design, the proposed design generally requires a smaller sample size.
The Relationship Between Parent and Child Reports of Parental Supportiveness and Psychopathology of Sexually Abused Children

This study examined the relationship between parent and child reports of supportiveness of intrafamilially sexually abused children and levels of child psychopathology. Fifty-four intrafamilially sexually abused children completed a revised version of the Family Subscale of the Survey of Children's Social Support and the Child Assessment Schedule. Fifty-four parents completed a version of the Family Subscale of the Survey of Children's Social Support, modified for use in parental reporting of their own supportive behaviors. Satisfactory reliability levels were obtained for the revised measures. This study of 54 sexually abused children and their non-offending parents found that although most non-offending parents were supportive of their children, the children reported considerable distress. Although there was no significant difference in mean levels of support reported by parents and children, the two measures were not significantly correlated. This suggests that parents and children perceive supportive behavior differently, although both constructs are of importance. Multiple regression analysis found that both child and parent reports of parental support were predictive of levels of child psychopathology, but that child estimates were a stronger predictor.
Factors Underlying Endogamous Group Size

An effort is made to describe the range of sizes of endogamous groups and some of the reasons for variations that exist within this range focusing on the extent and by what forces the social goals of humans are confined. Endogamous groups are semiclosed but not completely closed meaning that there are at least 2 marriage patterns within every society - marriage within the group and marriage outside the group. In order to understand endogamy consequently it is necessary to consider the variety of rules that characterize a society rather than assigning only 1 marriage pattern to each. Endogamous groups form systems of interlocking subgroups which extend over regions. Their sizes are closely associated with population density but there are also upper and lower limits which set sizes at high and low densities respectively. In order to break out of the circularity created by the egocentric viewpoint of the geographers and physical anthropologists and the community-centered perspective of the social anthropologists a regional approach should be adopted. The intention here has been to give some idea of the kind of regional organization one finds in marriage systems. What is needed in a theory that is complementary to Central Place Theory for marriage choice for only then will it become clear how different subgroups intermarry in order to create a regional marriage pool. In effect it will then become understandable how semiclosed groups arise and what factors lead them to be only semiclosed - why some people go farther than others. With such an approach a more precise idea of the sizes of endogamous groups can be achieved.(Authors modified)
Comparison of Visualization Rates of LI-RADS Version 2014 Major Features With IV Gadobenate Dimeglumine or Gadoxetate Disodium in Patients at Risk for Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study is to compare visualization rates of the major features covered by Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) version 2014 in patients at risk for hepatocellular carcinoma using either gadobenate dimeglumine or gadoxetate disodium IV contrast agent. MATERIALS AND METHODS. This retrospective study included liver MRI examinations performed with either gadobenate dimeglumine or gadoxetate disodium contrast enhancement. Using age, sex, underlying liver disease, and presence of cirrhosis, patients were placed into matched cohorts. All hepatic nodules 1 cm or larger (up to five per subject) were included, resulting in 63 subjects with 130 nodules (median nodule size, 1.9 cm) imaged with gadobenate and 64 subjects with 117 nodules (median nodule size, 2.0 cm) imaged with gadoxetate. Three radiologists reviewed the studies for LI-RADS major features independently. Bootstrap resampling with 10,000 repetitions was used to compare feature detection rates. RESULTS. Arterial...
Performance Limits for Fingerprinting-Based Indoor Optical Communication Positioning Systems Exploiting Multipath Reflections

Multipath reflection degrades the performance of visible light communications (VLC) based localization systems, where it is often considered as a strong random noise. However, due to the inherent transmission features of light, the optical wireless indoor channel is static; therefore, multipath components can be modeled as deterministic functions of the transceiver location, furnishings, and room geometry. In this paper, we investigate the performance limits of fingerprinting-based localization with multipath reflection as a source of information, i.e., a fingerprinting map. Limits on the localization accuracy are determined using the Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) for different numbers of photodetectors deployed in the system and received signal features captured. The tightness of the analytical CRLB is tested by comparing it to the performance of a fingerprint-based positioning algorithm that uses the nearest neighbor method. Simulation results show an achievable root mean squared positioning accuracy of 45 cm and 5 cm (for one and four photodetectors, respectively), for an empty room. We then investigate the practical limitations on localization accuracy caused by a narrow transceiver bandwidth. Numerical results show that the localization system can still achieve decimeter accuracy for system bandwidths of 200 MHz, which makes fingerprinting schemes practical for off-the-shelf infrared devices.
Polyurethane for biomedical applications: A review of recent developments

Abstract: Polyurethane is a very important polymeric biomaterial, widely used in the preparation of implants and medical devices. This chapter highlights recent research developments in polyurethanes for biomedical applications, including biocompatibility and biostability evaluation, for drug-controlled release carriers, for cardiovascular implants and for medical supplies. We conclude with an outlook of the future of polyurethane.
Domains of Extremal Conductivity

In this chapter we consider the simplest optimal design problem for the best structure of a two-component conducting body of minimal or maximal total conductivity. This problem was used as a testing ground for various methods of structural optimization. To solve it, we introduce several different approaches, which are driven by different arguments but lead to similar results. Each approach has an analogue for the one-dimensional variational problem discussed in Chapter 1, and each approach will be developed for more general multidimensional problems.
Edge Cities in the Era of Megaprojects

At the beginning of the 20th century almost all of America’s office space was clustered in downtowns of cities and towns, but this trend has changed since the freeway construction era after World War II. The freeway era facilitated rapid suburbanization and giant multifunctional concentrations of employment, often with skyscraper buildings located many miles from downtown. Because these appeared to be an entirely new phenomenon, new names were devised to describe them, such as suburban downtowns, technoburbs, or urban villages, but the most well known term was edge city. Edge cities generally imply large scale built landscapes for consumption and the excess investment of capital, iconic architecture and design and distinctive lifestyles. They also display a potential for new freedom from existing ways of building and imagining a city. Ironically, there is confusion in contemporary urban geography because these suburban megaprojects re-create so many of the traditional meanings of a city that they seem to no longer need the city or may even compete with it. Their significance in the contemporary urban system extends far beyond their architectural design and meaning. This chapter seeks to analyze the origin and evolution of edge cities in different local contexts and their associated impacts on the local urban landscapes in terms of physical, economic, and social conditions. It concludes that in the recent decades this type of multifunctional employment concentration is visible in urban peripheries throughout the world with the increasing dominance of new highways and automobiles; however, their future existence is questionable in varying political economies and social cultures.
The Mental Status Examination

The mental status examination is a study of the patient’s behavior and experience, primarily within the environment of the examination itself. Therefore, it deals mainly with the present, not the past. Because it consists of time-limited observations, it is ordinarily viewed as a cross-sectional rather than a longitudinal view of the patient’s behavior and experience.
Dietary Proteins and Synthesis of Tissue Proteins

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on dietary proteins and synthesis of tissue proteins. The synthesis of a complex protein molecule is dependent on the presence of all the essential amino acids. The importance of the time factor has been demonstrated in two types of experiments. Firstly, the intravenous injection of tryptophane to dogs previously fed on acid hydrolysate of casein, deficient only in this essential amino acid, can bring about nitrogen retention, which otherwise will not take place. However, the supply of tryptophane must not be unduly delayed. Secondly, it was shown that if animals were offered two deficient proteins simultaneously, which can adequately supplement one another for growth requirements, such a mixture can be readily utilized for the synthesis of body tissues. However, if the second protein were given long after the first one had been ingested, the animal received no benefit from the mixture. The hypothesis that the synthesis of tissue proteins is dependent on the presence of a nutritional factor or factors receives a further support in that dogs so severely depleted of their protein reserves as to cause a sharp decrease in the total circulating alpha globulins, cannot utilize nitrogen from an otherwise adequate casein hydrolysate, and will ultimately end in death.
Das Ende des Offshoring

Besonders in reifen Industrien und primar aus Kostendruck haben sich die gut bekannten und beschriebenen Near-, Offshoring- und Outsourcing-Dienstleistungen und Geschaftsmodelle mit den bekannten Anbietern etabliert.
Proceedings of the second international workshop on Software engineering for high performance computing system applications

Welcome to the Second International Workshop on Software Engineering for High Performance Computing System Applications.High performance computing systems are used to develop software for wide variety of domains including nuclear physics, crash simulation, satellite data processing, fluid dynamics, climate modeling, bioinformatics, and financial modeling. The top500.com website lists the 500 highest performance computing systems along with their specifications and owners. The diversity of government, scientific, and commercial organizations present on this list illustrates the growing prevalence and impact of HPCS applications on modern society.Recent initiatives in the HPCS community, such as the DARPA High Productivity Computing Systems program and the Workshop on the Roadmap for the Revitalization of High-End Computing, recognize that dramatic increases in low-level HPCS benchmarks of processor speed and memory access times do not necessarily translate into high-level increases in actual development productivity. While the machines are getting faster, the developer effort required to fully exploit these advances can be prohibitive. There is an emerging movement within the HPCS community to define new ways of measuring high performance computing systems, ways which take into account not only the low-level hardware components, but the higher-level productivity costs associated with producing usable HPCS applications. This movement creates an opportunity for the software engineering community to apply our techniques and knowledge to a new and important application domain.In this workshop, we bring together researchers and practitioners from both SE and HPCS communities to continue articulating the challenges and opportunities of software engineering for high performance computing system applications that we began at the first workshop in Edinburgh, Scotland in 2004.
Assessing Eating Pathology in Asian Americans

Numerous self-report and interview assessment tools have been developed to assess various symptoms of eating disorders (EDs). This chapter reviews the most frequently used ED assessments that have been used with Asian American samples, as well as non-English versions available for Asian American participants or Asian participants in cross-national studies that prefer to respond to interviews and questionnaires in their language of origin. Discussions of additional considerations when assessing Asian Americans are also included in the chapter, including cultural and individual factors, such as the role of family, acculturation, experiences with discrimination, perfectionism, etc., that may influence the assessment of disordered eating behaviors and attitudes in Asian Americans.
MACROD2, an Original Cause of CIN?

The fundamental cause of chromosomal instability in colorectal cancer remains elusive. Genetic deletions of the MACROD2 tumor suppressor could play a major role. Cancer Discov; 8(8); 921-3. ©2018 AACRSee related article by Sakthianandeswaren et al., p. 988.
Executive functions and health behaviors associated with the leading causes of death in the United States: A systematic review:

Research indicates that executive functioning may predict health behavior. This systematic review provides an overview of the relationship between domains of executive functioning and health behaviors associated with the leading causes of death in the United States. A total of 114 articles met the inclusion criteria (adult sample, published in English between 1990 and November 2016) and were reviewed and synthesized. Results indicated that although many studies had mixed findings, at least one executive function component was associated with every health behavior. Based on these results, health professionals should consider the role of executive functions in behavior change interventions.
A 4 V Cathode Compatible, Superionic Conductive Solid Polymer Electrolyte for Solid Lithium Metal Batteries with Long Cycle Life

A highly conductive and electrochemically stable dual-salt solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) for a high-capacity cathode was developed. A phase-diagram approach was adopted to provide rational guidance for achieving a high ionic conductivity (over 1.76 mS/cm at 30 °C). The synergy of combining different salts rendered superior electrochemical stability to the SPE with an electrochemical window from 0 to 5 V (vs Li+/Li) in linear sweep voltammetry and up to 4.15 V in lithium metal batteries (LMBs). The SPE exhibited outstanding long-term stability performance in lithium plating/stripping experiments under current densities from 0.08 to 0.5 mA/cm2. The solid-state lithium metal batteries (with an LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2, NCA, cathode) exhibited initial capacities of 165 mAh/g at a rate of 0.1 C and 113 mAh/g at a rate of 1 C at 30 °C. The average Coulombic efficiency of solid-state batteries was over 99.99% in the first 1000 cycles at a rate of 1 C, and the capacity retention was 66% after 1000 cycles. In addit...
The Application of Clustering Analysis in the Assessment of Eye Movements During Flight Training Intervention

In this research, the application of K-means clustering analysis on pilots’ gaze points was studied in order to develop a quick evaluation approach for gazed-based training interventions. Detailed analysis of eye movements’ data takes a considerable amount of time which makes it difficult to use in some stages of training intervention. As a result, a more efficient indicator of trainees’ performance is needed to allow trainers the ability to provide timely feedback on trainees’ performance. In this research, the potential of using clustering analysis on pilots’ gaze points was assessed in order to classify bad and good gaze behaviors. One expert pilot and six novice pilots participated in the experiment. Pilots were equally divided into experimental and control groups.
The clinical outcome of renal cell carcinoma with rhabdoid and sarcomatoid differentiation.

e16083Background: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with rhabdoid (RD) or sarcomatoid differentiation (SD) represents high-grade RCC with an aggressive clinical behavior. Little success has been reported ...
Spare the Rod: Why Are More American Children Victims and Perpetrators of Violence Than Those of Any Other Developed Country?

Children are perhaps the last of the great demographic groups that our society has finally begun to recognize as being systematically discriminated against, and in some ways even persecuted – though I should add that the battle for recognition of that fact is still an ongoing struggle that is far from won. We have already dealt with many other demographic groups of whom one could have said the same thing – for example, many minority groups, the poor, the disabled, women, and gays – the only difference being that with them, the recognition of their plight and the taking of concrete steps to amend it was begun decades ago, whereas the recognition of the degree to which we have been simultaneously and disproportionately punitive toward and neglectful of our own children is still only minimally recognized and mostly denied, whether at the level of public opinion in general, or of meaningful national policy changes in particular. That the face-saving defense mechanism of denial is the cause of our blindness toward the facts is the only explanation I can think of to explain the continuation of our indefensible treatment of our own children, given that the facts of their situation and the means of solving it have been laid out so clearly by the pioneering and dedicated advocates for children in our nation who have been tirelessly trying to bring this problem to our attention – among them scholars (James Garbarino), legislators (Congressman George Miller), and philanthropists (Irving Harris). This chapter can be read as one extended argument for the proposition that while we have already identified race, class and gender as categories that need to be addressed in order to bring to an end the discrimination that occurs against blacks and other minority groups, the poor, women and gays, we now need to add age – specifically, young age: childhood, adolescence and young adulthood – to the list as the next category we need to include in our roster of socially important areas where fundamental progress is urgently needed.
Strength of Plantar- and Dorsiflexors Mediates Step Regularity During a High Cognitive Load Situation in a Cross-sectional Cohort of Older and Younger Adults.

Background and purpose Completing simultaneous tasks while standing or walking (ie, a high cognitive load situation [HCLS]) is inevitable in daily activities and can lead to interference in task performances. Age-related physical and cognitive changes may confound performance variability during HCLS in older and younger adults. Identification of these confounding effects may reveal therapy targets to maintain optimal physical function later in life. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of increasing the difficulty levels of an additional motor task and restricting visual information, on gait parameters in younger and older adults while considering the effect of cognitive and physical covariates. Methods Fifteen healthy younger and 14 healthy older adults were asked to complete assessments of cognitive function, balance, and strength. They were then asked to walk on a self-paced treadmill with or without carrying a plastic tray. Opaqueness of the tray (vision) and the presence of water in glasses placed on the tray (increasing task difficulty) were varied. Mean, standard deviation, and regularity (sample entropy) of step width and length were compared across conditions and groups using repeated-measures analyses of variance with and without covariate analysis. Only significantly correlated covariates of cognition, balance, and strength were entered into each model. Results and discussion Older adults had greater step width irregularity compared with younger adults across all conditions when controlling for concentric plantar- and dorsiflexion strength. A decline in strength may likely alter neuromuscular control of gait, specifically control of step width, which has been associated with fall risk in older adults. Adjusting for the same covariates revealed increased regularity of step length, as visual feedback from the feet was restricted. Specifically, step length was more regular while carrying an opaque tray compared with not carrying a tray. Visual restriction was a contributing factor, which led to more predictable gait kinematics, indicating the role of sensory information to enhance the adaptability during walking under HCLS. Conclusion The knowledge of the regularity behavior of human movement can expand physical therapists' treatment approaches to promote further interactivity and coordination across body systems that model behavior of healthy young individuals. Targeting strength during therapy may provide additional benefits for gait performance under HCLS.
Cross-Cultural Factors in the Treatment of Trauma-Related Disorders: Overview

Decades of research on trauma and its accompanying effects have refined our conceptions of trauma, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and related symptoms, and the current DSM-5 recognizes trauma as the direct exposure, experience, or witnessing of a traumatic event. The symptoms of PTSD may range from intrusive recollections of the event to flashbacks that cause a reexperiencing of the trauma. It is common for trauma survivors to experience disruptions in sleep and appetite, along with a general sense of being on guard and distressed when exposed to cues that resemble the initial trauma (APA, 2013). Epidemiological data indicates that 6.8% of adults meet criteria for a diagnosis of PTSD (APA, 2013), although it is likely that many more are suffering but not presenting for diagnosis or treatment.
Foreign Direct Investment, Exports and Long-term Economic Growth in Alabama: A Co-integration Analysis:

AbstractThis article provides a state-specific co-integration study by linking exports and foreign direct investment (FDI) to economic growth in Alabama. The study aims to determine how much of Ala...
Giant Resin Bee Megachile sculpturalis (Smith) (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Megachilidae)

Originally from eastern Asia, the giant resin bee, Megachile sculpturalis (Smith), was accidentally introduced into the United States in the 1990s. It is considered an adventive (not native and usually not established) species and is present in most states in the eastern US. Although these bees can be found on various plants, they typically prefer plants that have been introduced from their native area. Some have observed that when collecting pollen or nectar, Megachile sculpturalis will damage local flora, making it unusable to future bee visitors. However, evidence has shown that, although an adventive species, Megachile sculpturalis is thought to be a pollinator of a native and federally threatened plant, the Apios Pricenana.https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/in1258 Also available on the Featured Creatures website: http://entnemdept.ufl.edu/creatures/MISC/BEES/Giant_resin.html
Effect of start-up solvent on the performance of Co catalyst for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis in stirred-tank reactor

Abstract The starting solvent is essential for carrying out Fischer-Tropsch (FT) synthesis in a stirred-tank reactor. The most commonly used solvents are C28+ hydrocarbon oils, wax, heavier wax, and FT wax. In general, FT activity of Co-based catalysts was found to decrease for initial days, and one of the reasons may be related to the filling of catalyst pores with heavier wax leading to lower gas diffusions and thus lower CO conversion. In this work, therefore, solvents with varying molecular weight and polarity, including glycerol, 1-octanol, Polywax-655, and dimethyl phthalate were tested as a starting medium for 0.27%Ag-25%Co/Al2O3 catalyst. It was found that low molecular weight non-polar solvent, for example, Polywax 655 showed higher conversions. On the other hand, glycerol a high polar solvent tends to firmly bound with a catalyst surface and the associated water produced during FT synthesis could trigger catalyst deactivation from the oxidation of cobalt. This indicates the superiority of non-polar over polar solvents for FT synthesis. However, 1-octanol as a starting solvent showed the least catalytic deactivation rate and competitive FTS activity. Thus, 1-octanol has the potential as a start-up solvent for FT reaction in stirred tank reactors.
The Gradient Perfusion Model Part 2: Substantiation of the GPM with clinical cases.

Introduction In Part 1 of this three-part series, we provided an explanation as to why and at what sites decompression sickness (DCS) occurs, using the Gradient-Perfusion Model (GPM). In this part, we provide information to substantiate the concept and present clinical cases that were initially labeled as "unexplained DCS," but later disordering events were identified to explain the clinical presentations. Materials and methods Among 500 cases of DCS we have managed for over 50 years, a cohort of these patients was initially diagnosed as unexplained DCS. However, some have shown that disordering events are the likely cause of their DCS. Results By pairing the tissue involved with the patient's dive history, a gradient-perfusion imbalance connection was identified. In all serious (Type 2) presentations of DCS, alterations in perfusion of the fast tissues were able to account for the clinical findings. The consequences demonstrated that the gradients overwhelmed the ability of altered perfusion to offgas/offload the inert gas. Pain-only and peripheral neuropathy presentations involved both intermediate and slowly perfused tissues. Rather than perfusion, gradient limitations were the reasons for the clinical presentations of these patients. Conclusions The GPM accounts for signs and symptom presentations in DCS. This provides the basis for appropriate treatments and logical recommendations for return to diving. We recommend that the label "unexplained DCS" be discontinued and that the GPM be used to determine the cause. Once the cause is established, "DCS due to disordered decompression" becomes the appropriate term.
Emphysematous epididymitis following hydrocelectomy

Acute epididymo-orchitis is an inflammatory process caused by bacterial infection. Emphysematous epididymitis is an extremely rare manifestation characterized by gas within the epididymal tissues. We report a case of emphysematous epididymitis following hydrocelectomy in a patient with a history of spinal cord injury and chronic bacteriuria. The diagnosis was made by clinical and laboratory data with imaging demonstrating foci of gas within the epididymal structures. We hypothesize that intermittent catheterization may have contributed to bacterial translocation into the adjacent cord structures and development of infection. High level of suspicion leading to early diagnosis, aggressive antibiotics and adequate debridement are required.
Achieving Freshness in Single/Multi-User Caching of Dynamic Content over the Wireless Edge

Existing content caching mechanisms are predominantly geared towards easy-access of content that is static once created. However, numerous applications, such as news and dynamic sources with time-varying states, generate ‘dynamic’ content where new updates replace previous versions. This motivates us in this work to study the freshness-driven caching algorithm for dynamic content, which accounts for the changing nature of data content. In particular, we provide new models and analyses of the average operational cost both for the single-user and multi-user scenarios. In both scenarios, we characterize the performance of the optimal solution and develop algorithms to select the content and the update rate that the user(s) must employ to have low-cost access to fresh content. Moreover, our work reveals new and easy-to-calculate key metrics for quantifying the caching value of dynamic content in terms of their refresh rates, popularity, number of users in the multi-user group, and the fetching and update costs associated with the optimal decisions. We compare the proposed freshness-driven caching strategies with benchmark caching strategies like cache the most popular content. Results demonstrate that freshness-driven caching strategies considerably enhance the utilization of the edge caches with possibly orders-of-magnitude cost reduction. Furthermore, our investigations reveals that multi-user scenario, benefiting from the multicasting property of wireless service to update the cache content, can be cost effective compared to single user caching, as the number of users increases.
Abstract 4626: TBX1 functions as a potential oncogene in breast cancer

We have previously identified a genetic variant, rs34331122 in the 22q11.21 locus, to be associated with breast cancer risk in genome-wide association studies. This SNP is located in the intronic region of the T-box transcription factor 1 (TBX1) gene. TBX1 is a member of the T-box transcription factor gene family, which plays important roles in embryogenesis and organogenesis. Previous studies have indicated that TBX1 exerted potential tumor suppressor functions in mouse skin tumors and human thyroid cancer. However, the biological functions and molecular mechanisms of TBX1 in breast cancer remain largely unknown. In this study, we investigated whether the association of the 22q11.21 locus with breast cancer risk was mediated by the TBX1 gene. Using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data, we found that TBX1 expression was significantly upregulated in breast cancer tissues compared to adjacent normal breast tissues. To investigate the biological functions of the TBX1 gene in breast cancer, we knock-downed TBX1 gene expression using siRNAs in MDA-MB-231, MCF-7 and T47D breast cancer cell lines. Our results showed that knocking down TBX1 expression significantly inhibited breast cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion. We further performed RNA sequencing in both TBX1 knocked-down and control MDA-MB-231 cells. Our differential gene expression and gene set enrichment analyses showed that knocked-down TBX1 expression significantly downregulated cell cycle-related genes, including CDC6, CDK6, DHFR, CIT, ORAI1 and TOP2A (P Citation Format: Shuya Huang, Xiang Shu, Jie Wu, Jifeng Wang, Xingyi Guo, Jie Ping, Joshua A. Bauer, Jirong Long, Xiao-Ou Shu, Wei Zheng, Qiuyin Cai. TBX1 functions as a potential oncogene in breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 4626.
Conductance-Based Structural Brain Connectivity in Aging and Dementia

Structural brain connectivity has been shown to be sensitive to the changes that the brain undergoes during Alzheimer9s disease (AD) progression. In this work, we used our recently proposed structural connectivity quantification measure derived from diffusion MRI, which accounts for both direct and indirect pathways, to quantify brain connectivity in dementia. We analyzed data from the ADNI-2 and OASIS-3 datasets to derive relevant information for the study of the changes that the brain undergoes in AD. We also compared these datasets to the HCP dataset, as a reference, and eventually validated externally on two cohorts of the EDSD database. Our analysis shows expected trends of mean conductance with respect to age and cognitive scores, significant age prediction values in aging data, and regional effects centered among subcortical regions, and cingulate and temporal cortices. Results indicate that the conductance measure has prediction potential, especially for age, that age and cognitive scores largely overlap, and that this measure could be used to study effects such as anti-correlation in structural connections.
Can cultural resilience be a tool for strengthening community

Abstract Across the United States, severe weather is becoming more frequent and severe, increasing risks to individuals and infrastructure. Simultaneously, amplified and rapid urbanization continues to increase pressure on the environment and the local governments managing the confluence of these trends. The threat of these stressors on vulnerable populations, who have consistently experienced trauma, disinvestment, and discrimination, can present significant health implications. In the face of “market” and natural forces, organizational allies must support community residents in advocating for community-informed investment. This starts with creating environments for collaboration, lifting residents' voices, and building social connections. Communities most resilient to disaster are not only structurally sound but also socially empowered and connected. The Climate and Cultural Resilience (C&CR) Program funded five community-based organizations across the country to use creative placemaking as a tool to support resilience building focused on the intersection of climate based and culturally grounded practices.