cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Physical-chemical studies on the role of the metal ions in concanavalin A.

Abstract Substitution of Co 2+ for Mn 2+ in concanavalin A generates characteristic circular dichroism and magnetic circular dichroism spectra which are strongly affected by the concentration of Ca 2+ . With three equivalents of Ca 2+ per protomer of [(Co 2+ )Con A], no spectral effects of addition of α-methyl- d -glucopyranoside can be demonstrated. With one equivalent of Ca 2+ , however, α-methyl- d -glucopyranoside alters the circular dichroism and magnetic circular dichroism spectra in a manner identical to that produced by adding further equivalents of Ca 2+ . Under these same conditions the higher molecular weight carbohydrates, trehalose and melezitose, cause no spectral alterations in the regions investigated. The magnetic circular dichroism spectrum of [(Co 2+ )Con A] is characterized by a negative peak centered at 510 nm (θ/gauss = −0.28 °) and a pronounced shoulder at 462 nm (θ/gauss = − 0.16 °). Comparison of this spectrum to that of Co(H 2 O) 6 2+ indicates that the transition metal ion exhibits octahedral geometry in solution and maintains this geometry in its interaction with carbohydrate moieties. Circular dichroism experiments in the far ultraviolet region indicate a change in secondary (presumed β) structure upon interaction of Apo Con A with Mn 2+ consistent with a more ordered arrangement. Unlike Mn 2+ , cobalt alone will not induce these secondary changes until Ca 2+ is added. Kinetic analysis, using a mannan light scattering assay, indicates that [(Mn 2+ )Con A] and [(Co 2+ )Con A] will slowly recover cross-linking function in the absence of Ca 2+ , suggesting that the role of the metal in S 2 is to accelerate a conformational change leading to binding or effector function. Overall, the data are consistent with a suggestion by Cuatrecasas (1973) that α-methyl- d -glucopyranoside binds to a locus different from the membrane binding (or agglutination) site. Nevertheless, there are strong conformational interactions between these two sites, since α-methyl- d -glucopyranoside will elute Con A from membrane surfaces.
Separation of nucleotides and nucleosides by gradient macrocycle-based ion chromatography

Abstract Adsorption of the macrocyclic cryptand n -decyl-2.2.2 (D2.2.2) to the matrix of the reversed-phase polystyrene Dionex MPIC column generates a novel mixed-mode chromatographic column on which both ionic and hydrophobic interactions can occur. To the aqueous eluent are added cations that bind dynamically to the adsorbed macrocycle, forming positively charged ion-exchange sites. The hydrophobic tail and the MPIC column matrix provide the basis for hydrophobic interactions. Experiments have been carried out to characterize the use of this column in separating both nucleotides and nucleosides. The influence of eluent cation concentration, type of eluent cation and anion, eluent pH and organic solvent are demonstrated. Excellent resolution of nucleotides and nucleosides was achieved under different conditions, due to the respective differences in the mode of retention between the two compound types. A chromatographic gradient was designed which facilities the simultaneous determination of both species.
Dose Finding With the Sequential Parallel Comparison Design

The sequential parallel comparison design (SPCD) is a two-stage design recommended for trials with possibly high placebo response. A drug-placebo comparison in the first stage is followed in the second stage by placebo nonresponders being re-randomized between drug and placebo. We describe how SPCD can be used in trials where multiple doses of a drug or multiple treatments are compared with placebo and present two adaptive approaches. We detail how to analyze data in such trials and give recommendations about the allocation proportion to placebo in the two stages of SPCD.
37Ar as a calibration source for solar neutrino detectors.

I discuss the possibility that a high-intensity 811-keV $^{37}\mathrm{Ar}$ neutrino source, produced by neutron capture on separated $^{36}\mathrm{Ar}$, could be used to calibrate the $^{7}\mathrm{Be}$ solar neutrino capture cross sections of $^{71}\mathrm{Ga}$, $^{127}\mathrm{I}$, and other detectors.
Client-side caching for TLS

We propose two new mechanisms for caching handshake information on TLS clients. The "fast-track" mechanism provides a client-side cache of a server's public parameters and negotiated parameters in the course of an initial, enabling handshake. These parameters need not be resent on subsequent handshakes. Fast-track reduces both network traffic and the number of round trips, and requires no additional server state. These savings are most useful in high-latency environments such as wireless networks. The second mechanism, "client-side session caching," allows the server to store an encrypted version of the session information on a client, allowing a server to maintain a much larger number of active sessions in a given memory footprint. Our design is fully backward-compatible with TLS: extended clients can interoperate with servers unaware of our extensions and vice versa. We have implemented our fast-track proposal to demonstrate the resulting efficiency improvements.
Axillary sampling in the definitive treatment of breast cancer by radiation therapy and lumpectomy

Abstract Between January, 1967 and July, 1980, 176 women who were referred to the Joint Center for Radiation Therapy (JCRT) for definitive breast irradiation underwent low axillary dissection. A typical operative technique is described. The dissection stops short of the axillary vein although the vein is usually visualized. One hundred thirty-two axillae were thought to be N 0 or N 1a . Forty-six axillae were felt to be N. Seventeen percent of the T 1 N 0 patients had pathologically positive nodes. Twenty-seven percent of the T 2 N 0 patients had positive nodes. When 5 or less nodes were removed at axillary sampling the incidence of nodal involvement was very low. There were no differences in nodal positivity when comparing upper quadrant to lower or central lesions. Lateral lesions appeared to have higher positivity rates compared with either medial or central lesions. Ninety-four percent of axillae with N 1b lesions were pathologically confirmed. The complication rate for this procedure was low. There were 5 transient non-surgical complications and 1 cellulitis resulting in a frozen shoulder, which required corrective surgery. There were no cases of moderat or severe arm edema. Axillary sampling is compared to axillary dissection as a diagnostic procedure. Axillary sampling may underestimate the true pathologic positive rate, but diagnostic accuracy appears excellent if level 1 and 2 nodes are sampled.
The turnover of proteins and the usage of information.

Abstract This article is in the nature of a review with theoretical comments on protein turnover in cells, concentrating on possible modes of control of synthesis and degradation rates. While our knowledge of protein synthesis is well-developed, that of protein degradation is rudimentary. Thus, the review covers data on protein degradation with regards the influence of substrate, of the environment in which the protein finds itself, of the size and amino acid composition of protein, and on the proteolytic enzymes involved. It is stressed that a linkage must exist between synthesis and degradation, to explain the steady-state concentration of specific proteins in cells, and it explores ideas as to the nature of this linkage. Possible explanations are given of the apparent necessity of having proteins being constantly degraded; these include the need for a basic mechanism which can be easily modulated in order that concentrations of specific proteins may change, the need for the correction of possible errors arising from the transcription and translation processes, and the apparent need to make the most efficient usage, in terms of energy input, of the information machinery of the cell. Finally, ideas are suggested of the possible relevance of protein turnover to the informational molecules and complexes in the cell.
Effect of 8Be decay on nuclear temperature measurements.

We have investigated the effect of /sup 8/Be decay on nuclear temperature measurements in the /sup 14/N+Ag reaction at E/A = 35 MeV. We have determined what percentage of the apparent /sup 7/Li spectrum is due to the identification of the coincident alpha particles from /sup 8/Be decay as /sup 7/Li. This information, coupled with previously published temperature measurements, produces agreement between temperatures obtained from /sup 7/Li excited state populations and those obtained from /sup 7/Be excited state populations. Additionally, we measured the production of the excited states of /sup 7/Li and /sup 7/Be nuclei emitted from the same reaction at beam energies of E/A = 20 MeV and E/A = 25 MeV. The temperatures extracted from these excited state populations are consistent with one another when corrected for the /sup 8/Be contamination of the /sup 7/Li spectra.
Empirically indistinguishable multidimensional IRT and locally dependent unidimensional item response models

Multidimensionality is a core concept in the measurement and analysis of psychological data. In personality assessment, for example, constructs are mostly theoretically defined as unidimensional, yet responses collected from the real world are almost always determined by multiple factors. Significant research efforts have concentrated on the use of simulated studies to evaluate the robustness of unidimensional item response models when applied to multidimensional data with a dominant dimension. In contrast, in the present paper, I report the result from a theoretical investigation that a multidimensional item response model is empirically indistinguishable from a locally dependent unidimensional model, of which the single dimension represents the actual construct of interest. A practical implication of this result is that multidimensional response data do not automatically require the use of multidimensional models. Circumstances under which the alternative approach of locally dependent unidimensional models may be useful are discussed.
Glycosylation with 2′-thio-S-acetyl participation

The reaction of 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O,S,O,O,O-acetyl-2-thio-β-d-glucopyranose with glycosyl acceptors in the presence of trimethylsilyl triflate leads to the β-disaccharides exclusively, owing to especially avid anchimeric assistance by the 2-thio-S-acetyl group. Optional reductive removal of SAc with Ra–Ni gives the corresponding 2′-deoxy-β-disaccharides.
Human ecology: A unifying science?

A historical review of human ecology as it developed in geography, anthropology, sociology, and psychology indicates that this science's ambiguity has been perpetuated by the reluctance of academicians in specialized disciplines to work collaboratively. While human ecology is considered a unifying science, few attempts have been made to reconcile differences among disciplinary self-interests, thereby preventing interdisciplinary approaches to contemporary man-environment problem solving. Human ecology will remain a debatable, ambiguous, and fragmented science unless present barriers to cooperative effort are overcome and the various disciplines unite in seeking solutions to current societal problems.
The relaxing effect of aluminum and lanthanum on rat and human gastric smooth muscle in vitro

Abstract M. HAVA and A. HURWITZ, The relaxing effect of aluminum and lanthanum on rat and human gastric smooth muscle in vitro, European J. Pharmacol. 22 (1973) 156–161. Aluminum and lanthanum relaxed and partly blocked the acetylcholine-evoked contractions of rat and human stomach smooth muscle strips. In the perfused isolated rat stomach, intraluminal administration of 3 ml of 5 mM AlCl3 or LaCl3 caused a reversible reduction of contractions evoked by serosal administration of acctylcholine in the organ bath after a 90-min delay. The concentration of aluminum in solution in rat stomachs after administration of aluminum hydroxide in vivo was 0.015 M. This concentration was 30 times that which blocked contraction of isolated muscie strips and 3 times the concentration effective in perfused rat stomachs in vitro.
Cognitive and Communicative Consequences of Cardiovascular Disease

Abstract Purpose: A growing literature has documented that cardiovascular disease (CVD), even prior to causing strokes and other neurological disorders, can negatively affect cognitive and communic...
Cardiac troponin T in obstructive sleep apnea.

Study objectives Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with nocturnal angina and ST-segment depression, which are relieved by treatment with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). We tested the hypothesis that severe nocturnal hypoxia in patients with OSA causes myocyte necrosis as evidenced by increases in cardiac troponin T. Design Prospective cohort study. Setting Cardiovascular physiology and sleep research laboratory. Participants Fifteen male volunteers with coronary artery disease (CAD) and moderate or severe OSA (apnea-hypopnea index [AHI] > 15). Measurements and results Polysomnography and measurement of serum cardiac troponin T before sleep, after 4 h of untreated OSA, and in the morning after 4 h of treatment with CPAP. The mean AHI for the group was 41 (SD 16), and the mean oxygen saturation nadir during sleep was 83% (SD 8%). All measurements of cardiac troponin T were Conclusions Despite the fact that some patients with OSA may experience nocturnal ischemia, this study shows that patients with severe OSA and coexisting CAD do not have nightly episodes of myocardial injury detectable by the current-generation cardiac troponin T assay.
Beyond Business Ethics: An Agenda for the Trustworthy Teachers and Practitioners of Business

Societies need markets, so just as trustworthy professionals are needed in fields such as healthcare, law and education, modern societies need trustworthy market managers, including corporate officers and directors. But in its screening of candidates, U.S. corporate business has lagged behind fields such as medicine and law, which in the nineteenth century addressed their need for screening by upgrading professional education and establishing licensing of individual practitioners. Corporate business, by contrast, has been too tolerant of problematic executives, particularly executives of a type shown by recent research in psychology to exhibit a set of personality traits including below average concern about bad effects of their actions on other people. Over-representation of this problematic type has cost corporate business the trust and respect it could earn by resting fully on a time-honored alternative foundation already espoused by many trustworthy teachers and practitioners of business. Society needs these trustworthy people of business to work together to establish screening of candidates for high level corporate positions by upgrading MBA education and establishing licensing for these positions. For reasons again based on current findings in psychology, screening candidates for the MBA could be significantly strengthened by requiring historical studies, particularly history of the corporate legal structure in the U.S. and history of the MBA itself. Upgrading the MBA and establishing correlated licensing could open the way toward corrections in the legal form of the corporation to bring it into line with hospitals, law courts and universities as places where responsible professionals pursue their callings on behalf of society.
The Kinetics of Degradation of Chloramphenicol in Solution: I. A Study of the Rate of Formation of Chloride Ion in Aqueous Media

A chemical kinetics study of the rate of formation of chloride ions in aqueous solutions of chloramphenicol at elevated temperatures has been made. The data obtained indicate that the over-all rate of chloride production is a summation of the rates of at least three first-order reactions: direct uncatalyzed hydrolytic cleavage of chlorine ions from whole chloramphenicol molecules, direct hydroxyl ion catalyzed cleavage of chloride ions from whole chloramphenicol molecules, and hydrolysis of chloramphenicol at the amide linkage, then subsequent hydrolysis of the dichloroacetate ions formed to yield chloride ions and other degradation products. The rates of the several reactions have been separated by mathematical analysis from each other in the over-all rate and the heats of activation have been determined. The results for the dichloroacetate reaction are in excellent agreement with those of Kunze. The present study is an example of how kinetic studies can be used to elucidate the mechanism of breakdown of complex drugs.
Cosmic Rays as the Source of General Galactic Radio Emission

The galactic radio emission is not a thermal free-free radiation of interstellar gas, as was first believed. The electronic temperature would have to be of the order of 100,000° in contradiction to all spectroscopic evidence which gives values around 10,000°. Stars could be considered as sources only under very artificial assumptions. The observed intensities, which must come from the outermost layers of stellar atmospheres, could not be blackbody radiation and might be understood only in terms of coherent plasma oscillations of extended regions. The formation and maintenance of these oscillations is hardly possible in stellar atmospheres.
Operational Analysis of Variable-Delay Systems

An operational method of analysis of variable-delay systems such as delay modulators and variable-path communication systems is developed in this article. The output of a variable-delay system is related to its input by a delay operator which has the usual exponential form, but differs from the conventional (time-invariant) delay operators in that the time delay is a function of time. Special consideration is given to systems in which the variation in time delay is due to motion of the receiver or transmitter (source) or both. Such systems-referred to as type-R, type-S and type-RS systems, respectively-are analyzed in general terms. An operational relation is obtained for the correlation function of the output of a type-R system, and the result is applied to the determination of the correlation function of a frequency-modulated sound wave.
Lysergic Acid Diethylamide: Dissociation of Its Behavioral and Hyperthermic Actions by DL-α-Methyl-p-Tyrosine

Rabbits treated with LSD 25 exhibit characteristic signs of hyper-excitability, increased peripheral sympathetic activity, and hyperthermia. When the rabbits received prior treatment with DL-α -methyl- p -tyrosine, the excitation and sympathetic actions of LSD 25 were abolished or attenuated, but the hyperthermia was unchanged from that of the controls. Concentrations of norepinephrine in brain stems of treated rabbits were greatly decreased. The excitation of central nervous system and sympathomimetic actions of LSD 25 in the rabbit are apparently mediated by norepinephrine, whereas the hyperthermic action functions. through a nonadrenergic mechanism.
Nucleoli and ploidy in Potorous cells (PTK2) in vitro

Most cells of the male PTK2 cell line contain one nucleolus, and they are diploid. However, a proportion of cells have more than one nucleolus. Cells with two and three nucleoli were isolated and cloned into viable populations. Greater than 90% of the cells in these clonal populations maintained the abnormal nucleolar number of the originally isolated cell. Karyotype analysis of cells with two and three nucleoli demonstrated that the cells were respectively tetraploid and hexaploid. It was concluded that in PTK2 cells, nucleolarity is a good index of ploidy even if the ploidy level is abnormal. Furthermore, long term monitoring of the tetraploid cells demonstrated virtually no tendency towards reversion to the diploid condition as suggested by other studies in Potorous.
Oral histories in meteoritics and planetary science: I. Edward Anders

— In this interview, taped in 2000 August, during the meeting of the Meteoritical Society in Chicago, Edward Anders ascribes his interest in meteorites to a single moment of inspiration while he was in graduate school. He then reviews those advances that he has found most exciting. Some were contributed by his own research group, but many by others. Among the topics are the following: origin of meteorites (lunar or asteroidal parent bodies, diamonds, Widmanstatten pattern, nebular condensation, meteorite orbits, asteroid spectra); primitive meteoritic matter (Cl chondrites, calcium-aluminum-rich inclusions (CAIs), solar-system abundances, organic matter); meteorite ages (radiogenic ages, cosmic-ray ages, charged particle tracks); classification of meteorites (chondrites, iron meteorites, unequilibrated chondrites); isotopic anomalies (oxygen, heavy elements, noble gases, interstellar grains); and meteorite impacts (impact craters, K/T mass extinction). Anders spent most of his career (1955–1991) at the University of Chicago where he was the Horace B. Horton Professor of Chemistry from 1973–1991. The Meteoritical Society honored Anders with its Leonard Medal in 1974, and he served as its president in 1991–1992. He then dropped out of science. After residing in Switzerland for several years, Anders returned to the USA where he maintains residences in Burlingame, California, and Chicago, Illinois. Today, Anders can be reached at: eanders1@concentric.net.
Pathogenesis of dyskinesias in parkinson's disease

Abnormal involuntary movements complicate the management of a majority of patients with advanced Parkinson's disease. The ability of levodopa to induce dyskinesias and alleviate parkinsonism has generally been considered a continuous dose-dependent pharmacological spectrum. In this study, the acute dose-response profile of intravenously administered levodopa for both inducing dyskinesia and alleviating parkinsonism, and its duration of action on these motor manifestations were evaluated in 52 parkinsonian patients. The minimum dose of levodopa required to produce mild dyskinetic movements was significantly lower in patients with fluctuations in motor response compared with those who had a stable response to standard oral therapy; the minimum dose for antiparkinsonian benefit, however, failed to show significant differences. The rate of disappearance of dyskinetic movements was faster than the rate of reappearance of parkinsonian signs following withdrawal of a steady-state infusion of levodopa. The dissociation of the pharmacodynamic profile of the two major motor effects of levodopa suggests their mediation through two different central pharmacological mechanisms, perhaps involving the two classes of dopamine receptors or other transmitter systems, and could have important implications for the design of future antiparkinsonian agents.
Rewiring hydrogenase-dependent redox circuits in cyanobacteria

Hydrogenases catalyze the reversible reaction 2H+ + 2e-↔H2 with an equilibrium constant that is dependent on the reducing potential of electrons carried by their redox partner. To examine the possibility of increasing the photobiological production of hydrogen within cyanobacterial cultures, we expressed the [FeFe] hydrogenase, HydA, from Clostridium acetobutylicum in the non-nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus sp. 7942. We demonstrate that the heterologously expressed hydrogenase is functional in vitro and in vivo, and that the in vivo hydrogenase activity is connected to the light-dependent reactions of the electron transport chain. Under anoxic conditions, HydA activity is capable of supporting light-dependent hydrogen evolution at a rate > 500-fold greater than that supported by the endogenous [NiFe] hydrogenase. Furthermore, HydA can support limited growth solely using H2 and light as the source of reducing equivalents under conditions where Photosystem II is inactivated. Finally, we demonstrate that the addition of exogenous ferredoxins can modulate redox flux in the hydrogenase-expressing strain, allowing for greater hydrogen yields and for dark fermentation of internal energy stores into hydrogen gas.
Epstein-Barr virus LMP2A: regulating cellular ubiquitination processes for maintenance of viral latency?

Abstract Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is a potentially oncogenic herpesvirus that persists in the B lymphocytes of most individuals. LMP2A might function as a central mediator of viral latency, allowing for long-term survival of infected B cells by providing a surrogate B-cell receptor signal. Recent studies support a model in which LMP2A utilizes ubiquitin-dependent processes to modulate cellular signaling pathways, including the Wnt and Notch pathways. Whether these pathways are exploited by LMP2A to maintain cell survival or to regulate viral gene expression during viral latency remains to be determined. These processes must be further explored to identify the factors that contribute to the maintenance of viral latency and possibly the development of EBV-associated malignancies.
The Relationship between Investment and Asset Life

Optimal investment in an asset and its optimal life are shown to be interrelated through operating cash flows and depreciation allowance, as well as book and salvage values upon termination; thus they are determined simultaneously. Asset life and investment are positively (negatively) related if delaying abandonment increases (reduces) the benefit of marginal investment. If investment and asset life are positively related, increased debt financing or allowable depreciation positively impact on them; otherwise, the impact is ambiguous in sign. Further, investment in a zero salvage value asset and its holding period increase with depreciation or leverage when (1) its cash flows form an annuity or (2) the firm employing it is tax-exempt.
New Light on Jonson and Roman Comedy: Volpone and Eunuchus, Magnetic Lady and Truculentus

Behind the practice of imitation in Renaissance literature lay the knowledge that the ancients themselves had imitated. Roman followed Greek comedy as Virgil followed Homer. Terence readily countered the charge that he had kidnapped characters from Greek comedy. So do all comic playwrights: indeed, “Nothing in fact is ever said which has not been said before” (Nullumst iam dictum quod non sit dictum prius). 1 As it happens, Terence’s remark appears in the preface to a play that shows evidence of Ben Jonson’s imitation in Volpone – The Eunuch. The connection between these plays has apparently not previously been made, despite work on Jonson and ancient comedy over the past century. 2 My discussion of Volpone and Eunuchus will lead into observations on the English playwright’s The Magnetic Lady as it echoes the plot of the mysterious pregnancy in Plautus’s Truculentus. Peter Happe writes that The Magnetic Lady shows Jonson, beginning around 1632, inclining toward “the staging practices of Plautus and Terence. The latter in fact are the chief debt, and Jonson both
The caudal pressor area of the rat: its precise location and projections to the ventrolateral medulla

Investigators have demonstrated pressor areas in the medullas of various species. The present study precisely localized the pressor area in the caudal medulla of the rat and determined its projecti...
Ecology meets cancer biology: The cancer swamp promotes the lethal cancer phenotype

// Sarah R. Amend 1 , Kenneth J. Pienta 1 1 Department of Urology, The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA Correspondence to: Sarah R. Amend, e-mail: samend2@jhmi.edu Keywords: ecosystem, autoeutrophication, selection, cancer hallmarks, lethal phenotype Received: January 13, 2015 Accepted: February 24, 2015 Published: March 20, 2015 ABSTRACT As they grow, tumors fundamentally alter their microenvironment, disrupting the homeostasis of the host organ and eventually the patient as a whole. Lethality is the ultimate result of deregulated cell signaling and regulatory mechanisms as well as inappropriate host cell recruitment and activity that lead to the death of the patient. These processes have striking parallels to the framework of ecological biology: multiple interacting ecosystems (organ systems) within a larger biosphere (body), alterations in species stoichiometry (host cell types), resource cycling (cellular metabolism and cell-cell signaling), and ecosystem collapse (organ failure and death). In particular, as cancer cells generate their own niche within the tumor ecosystem, ecological engineering and autoeutrophication displace normal cell function and result in the creation of a hypoxic, acidic, and nutrient-poor environment. This “cancer swamp” has genetic and epigenetic effects at the local ecosystem level to promote metastasis and at the systemic host level to induce cytokine-mediated lethal syndromes, a major cause of death of cancer patients.
Network Analysis of Steam Generator Flow

In this first section we want to examine the role of the steam generator in the overall operation of a nuclear power plant. In this way we hope to put into perspective the mathematical problem which will eventually evolve and, at the same time, to emphasize its importance.
Taxonomic status of the Rocky Mountain locust: morphometric comparisons of Melanoplus spretus (Walsh) with solitary and migratory Melanoplus sanguinipes (F.).

Morphometric analysis of 16 body measurements of migratory and solitary Melanoplus sanguinipes (F.) and M . spretus (Walsh) was used to determine if M . spretus was, in fact, the migratory phase of M . sanguinipes . Migratory M . sanguinipes was found to be more similar to its own solitary phase than to M . spretus . Melanoplus spretus resembled migratory M . sanguinipes , but in 14 comparisons M . spretus differed significantly from both solitary and migratory M . sanguinipes . Despite the potential for environmental variation obscuring differences in morphology, the divergent morphometric characters of M . spretus and the phases of M . sanguinipes appear to justify the status of M . spretus as a true species.
Synthesis of Unique Spin-Labeled Nucleic Acids by Combined Enzymatic and Chemical Approaches

The synthesis of uridine-5′-diphosphate analogs, spin-labeled either at C(4) or C(5) is reported as well as their enzymatic incorporation into ribonucleic acids, some of which had previously been shown to be potent interferon inducers upon annealing with poly (inosinic acid). Also, the synthesis of spin-labeled poly (cytidylic acid) obtained by chemical acylation is presented.
Substitution-based Compilation of Extended Rules in Deductive Databases

Query compilation in a deductive database refers to the process of continually replacing defined literals in rule bodies by their definitions until rules with references only to stored relations are obtained. The compiled forms generate the same tuples for the head literal in a database as do the original sets of rules. Previously, the rules were assumed to be function free. However, the use of universal quantifiers (corresponding to the division operator in a database) adds a new degree of flexibility in defining views. We propose a new inference rule, the substitution rule, to replace resolution in the compilation process. The substitution rule handles the embedded universal quantifiers correctly so that the compiled forms again derive all proper instances of the head literals.
The Development of Psychopathology: Nature and Nurture

Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry - Vol. 42 - N° 2 - p. 257
The trajectory of apathy after deep brain stimulation: From pre-surgery to 6 months post-surgery in Parkinson’s disease

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has been associated with increased apathy in patients with PD, yet studies lack longitudinal data and have not assessed differences between sites of implantation (i.e. STN versus GPi). We assessed apathy prior to surgery and 6 months post-surgery using a longitudinal design-latent growth curve modeling. We hypothesized that apathy would increase post-surgery, and be related to subthalamic nucleus (versus globus pallidus interna) implantation. Forty-eight PD patients underwent unilateral surgery to either GPi or STN and completed the Apathy Scale prior to surgery and 2, 4, and 6 months post-surgery. Forty-eight matched PD controls completed the Apathy Scale at a 6-month interval. Results indicated apathy increased linearly from pre- to 6-months post-DBS by .66 points bi-monthly, while apathy in the control group did not change. There was no relationship between apathy and DBS site. Higher baseline depression was associated with higher baseline apathy, but not with change in apathy. Middle-aged adults (<65) had a steeper trajectory of apathy than older adults (≥ 65). Apathy trajectory was not related to motor severity, laterality of DBS, levodopa medication reduction, or motor changes after surgery.
Corynebacterium granulosum-Induced Prophylaxis and Therapy of Artificial Pulmonary Metastases of Syngenic Murine Tumors

There has recently been significant interest in the antitumor activity of anaerobic corynebacteria, potent nonspecific stimulators of the reticuloendothelial system (RES). Corynebacterium parvum was found to be effective against many syngenic and allogenic tumors of experimental animals (for more details, see Milas, 1974). Fewer tumor takes, delay of tumor appearance, and retarded growth were common observations following transplantation of tumor cells in mice treated with this bacterium. Another strain of anaerobic corynebacteria, Corynebacterium granulosum, also proved capable of exerting a strong antitumor adjuvant activity (Milas et al., 1974f; Milas et al., 1974c; Paslin et al., 1974). C. parvum and C. granulosum were found to be potent adjuncts to chemotherapy (Currie and Bagshawe, 1970) and to radiotherapy (to be published) of murine fibrosarcomas. It has recently been observed that complete and lasting regressions of established tumors can be achieved with the intratumor injection of C. parvum (Likhite and Halpern, 1974) or with systemic application of C. parvum or C. granulosum (Milas et al., 1974b; Milas et al., 1974d; Milas et al., 1974a,f).
Anatomy and development of a low-accommodation clastic wedge, upper Cretaceous, Cordilleran Foreland Basin, USA

Abstract Two general types of clastic wedges are present in the Cretaceous Cordilleran foreland basin fill defined by their geometry, facies stacking pattern and sequence architecture. The wedges are: (a) thick (> 700 m), vertically stacked, high-aspect-ratio wedges (HAR) with rising-trajectory sequence stacking and (b) thin ( 400 km), low-aspect-ratio (LAR) wedges with offlapping sequence architecture. This study elucidates a three-phase development of the LAR wedge in Utah–Colorado using detailed analysis of the twenty-four lithofacies, and stacking patterns of parasequences, and 4th- and 5th-order depositional sequences within the wedge. The LAR wedge developed due to 1) successive, short-term base-level falls during a relatively slow fall in long-term base-level followed by 2) superimposed, rapid falls in both long- and short-term base-level, and 3) multiple, short-term base-level falls during long-term base-level rise. Unlike the more common HAR wedges, the LAR wedges discussed herein are relatively rare in the Cordilleran foreland basin fill but preferentially occur within Upper Cretaceous strata in Wyoming, Colorado and Utah. Low-aspect-ratio wedges consist of numerous, amalgamated and offlapping, high-frequency sequences containing long, basinward-extended shoreline tongues that stack with flat to falling trajectories and unusually large proportion of tidally influenced facies. Previous work indicated that the LAR wedge in Utah–Colorado developed coeval with Sevier- and Laramide-style deformation, and the slab-flattening that accompanied this transition. During this tectonic transition, short-term base-level falls were amplified by a broadened flexural wavelength as the intrabasinal uplift of basement-cored structures interfered with thrust-belt induced flexure, or by eastward migration of dynamic subsidence. Offlapping sequence architectures and extensive progradation developed within the LAR wedge during the tectonic transition. Following the transition, Laramide-style structures became the main control on subsidence causing a reorganization of the basin, long-term rise in accommodation and onlapping sequence architecture.
Synthesis, characterization, and DFT studies of thione and selone Cu(I) complexes with variable coordination geometries†

Coordination of Cu(I) halides with N,N′-dimethylimidazole selone (dmise) and thione (dmit) ligands was examined by treating CuX (X = Cl, Br, I) with one or two equivalents of dmise or dmit. The reaction of CuI and CuBr with one molar equivalent of dmise results in unusual selenium-bridged tetrameric Cu4(μ-dmise)4(μ-X)2X2copper complexes with average Cu–Se bond lengths of 2.42 A and a Cu2(μ-X)2 core (X = I (1) or Br (6)) that’s in a rhomboidal structure. The reaction of CuX (X = Cl, Br, and I) with two equivalents of dmit or dmise results in trigonal planar Cu(I) complexes of two different conformations with the formula Cu(dmit)2X (3a, 3b, 4, and 7) or Cu(dmise)2X (2, 5, and 8) with average Cu–S and Cu–Se bond lengths of 2.23 A and 2.34 A, respectively. The coordination geometry around the copper center in complexes 1 to 8 is determined by the type of halide and chalcogenone ligand used, intramolecular π–π interactions, and short contact interactions between X–H (X = I, Br, Cl, Se or S). The theoretical DFT calculations are in good agreement with experimental X-ray structural data and indicate that dmise ligands are required for formation of the tetrameric complexes 1 and 6. Electrochemical studies show that the trigonal copper selone complexes have more negative potentials relative to analogous copper thione complexes by an average of 108 mV.
Multi-pollutant exposures in an asthmatic cohort

Abstract An investigation of personal fine and coarse particulate matter (PM 2.5 , PM 10–2.5 ), nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ), and ozone (O 3 ) exposures was conducted with an adult asthmatic cohort as part of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Moderate and Severe Asthmatics and their Environment Study (MASAES). The overall goal of the MASAES was to determine the association of particulate matter on the degree of resulting lung inflammation, with those having severe asthma hypothesized to be more highly susceptible to such outcomes. The primary exposure objective was to determine the spatial (personal versus ambient) and temporal relationships associated with the aforementioned air pollutants and establish the precision of a new dual PM 2.5 , PM 10–2.5 monitor (CPEM) for personal exposure monitoring. A total of 16 non-smoking adults of various asthma severities were monitored over the course of a 14 month period during 2008–2009. Participants were monitored for 24 continuous hours each monitoring day with a maximum of five events per participant. Median personal PM 2.5 and PM 10–2.5 exposures were 16.5 and 10.1 μg m −3 , respectively. Daily ambient mass concentrations accounted for less than 1% of the observed variability in personal PM 2.5 or PM 10–2.5 exposures. Duplicate personal measures yielded R 2 values of 0.92 PM 2.5 and 0.77 PM 10–2.5 , respectively. Maximum daily personal exposures of 17.0 ppb NO 2 and 21.7 ppb O 3 occurred with respective mean exposures of 5.8 and 3.4 ppb. Ambient NO 2 and O 3 measures were observed to be poorly associated with personal exposures ( R 2
Certified In-lined Reference Monitoring on .NET

MOBILE is an extension of the .NET Common Intermediate Language that supports certified In-Lined Reference Monitoring. Mobile programs have the useful property that if they are well-typed with respect to a declared security policy, then they are guaranteed not to violate that security policy when executed. Thus, when an In-Lined Reference Monitor (IRM) is expressed in Mobile, it can be certified by a simple type-checker to eliminate the need to trust the producer of the IRM.Security policies in Mobile are declarative, can involve unbounded collections of objects allocated at runtime, and can regard infinite-length histories of security events exhibited by those objects. The prototype Mobile implementation enforces properties expressed by finite-state security automata - one automaton for each security-relevant object - and can type-check Mobile programs in the presence of exceptions, finalizers, concurrency, and non-termination. Executing Mobile programs requires no change to existing .NET virtual machine implementations, since Mobile programs consist of normal managed CIL code with extra typing annotations stored in .NET attributes.
An augmented virtuality scientific data center

Augmented virtuality can be effective in the analysis of physics based computational simulations. By providing context and additional detail not always available in purely virtual systems, the effective addition of physical objects into a virtual scene greatly enhances the intuitive objective of the original calculation. The US Army Research Laboratory has developed an augmented virtuality system for the investigation of physics based simulations. Constructed from commodity components, unique projection screen material, and custom software, this system provides a novel approach to the investigation of results from a multitude of computational areas.
Narratives and self-identity in later life

Abstract Older adults often draw on memories to construct stories about themselves that help them to retain and validate their self-identities, doing this within the cultural contexts that have shaped their lives. In this paper, we examine the life history narratives of two working class, rural American older women and the ways in which those narratives are similar despite one major difference: one has dementia. In both cases, major themes that are consistent with gender-based, working class, rural American cultural values are dominant, including closeness of family, hard work, ties to the land, and religious faith. In the first case, she reconstructs memories of her life in accordance with dominant cultural and personal values, downplaying the ways in which her experiences were “out of step” with these values. In the second case, her sense of identity remains and is expressed through her co-constructed memories although she is experiencing cognitive loss.
Effect of Boundary Conditions on Shell Buckling

The results of an experimental study on the influence of boundary conditions on the elastic buckling behavior of spherical shells are presented. Eighty-seven uniform pressure tests on small-scale polyvinyl chloride shells include as variable parameters the shell thickness, base radius, edge restraint condition, and edge force disturbance.
Let me play, not exercise! A laddering study of older women's motivations for continued engagement in sports-based versus exercise-based leisure time physical activities.

Understanding why women over the age of 60 continue to engage in a particular physically based leisure activity is important in developing recreational and leisure programs aimed at this population...
The effect of helmets on motorcycle outcomes in a level I trauma center in Connecticut

ABSTRACTObjective: The State of Connecticut has a partial motorcycle helmet law, which has been linked to one of the lowest helmet compliance rates in the Northeast. We examine the clinical and financial impact of low motorcycle helmet use in the State of Connecticut.Methods: A retrospective cohort study comparing the outcomes between helmeted and nonhelmeted motorcycle crash victims over a 12.5-year period, from July 2, 2002, to December 31, 2013. All patients who were admitted to the hospital after a motorcycle crash were included in the study. Patients were stratified into helmeted and nonhelmeted cohorts. Group differences were compared using t-test or Wilcoxon rank test for continuous variables and chi-square test for dichotomous outcomes. Regression models were created to evaluate predictors of helmet use, alcohol and drugs as confounding variables, and factors that influenced hospital costs.Results: The registry included 986 eligible patients. Of this group, 335 (34%) were helmeted and 651 (66%) we...
Propofol for ECT anesthesia a review of the literature.

Propofol is a commonly used anesthetic drug for electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), as evidenced by the frequency with which its use is reported in ECT literature. Concerns have been raised over its propensity to be associated with shortened seizure duration vis-a-vis other anesthetic drugs, thus limiting its use in some settings. However, in the surgical anesthesia literature, propofol has shown distinct advantages such as improved hemodynamics and postanesthesia recovery. Given the capricious availability of standard barbiturate anesthetics in some countries, propofol use has probably increased. Thus, a review of its profile for a number of outcome measures in ECT is appropriate. Herein, the author reviews the extensive literature for propofol in ECT, focusing on 5 outcome measures: seizure duration, hemodynamics, postanesthesia recovery, cognitive adverse effects, and therapeutic efficacy. Results indicate that propofol is indeed robustly associated with shorter seizures than other anesthetics but that antidepressant efficacy does not seem to be compromised. Heart rate and blood pressure changes are not as high with propofol, and postanesthesia recovery may be quicker with propofol as well. Not enough data are available regarding cognitive adverse effects to make definitive conclusions, but so far, there does not seem to be a worsened cognitive profile when it is used in ECT. Propofol seems to be an acceptable anesthetic for ECT with advantages for some situations. Using the lowest effective anesthetic dosage minimizes its effect on seizure elicitation and duration.
Stroke risk factor knowledge in Hispanic and non-Hispanic white women in New Mexico: implications for targeted prevention strategies.

Hispanic women in New Mexico have recently experienced an increase in age-adjusted mortality compared with non-Hispanic white women. Since patients' knowledge of stroke risk factors may affect risk factor control, the present study was undertaken to characterize stroke risk factor understanding in Hispanic and nonHispanic white women in New Mexico. We administered a stroke risk factor knowledge survey to 215 women hospitalized in Albuquerque, New Mexico. Patients were classified by each of three dichotomous groupings: stroke or nonstroke diagnosis; Hispanic or non-Hispanic white ethnicity; history of cardiovascular risk factors. The frequency of specific item responses was determined for each patient grouping. Two-way analysis of variance was used to determine whether composite knowledge score differed among patient groups. Stress was the attribute most commonly thought to be a risk factor for stroke. Although no ethnic differences were found on composite knowledge score, Hispanic women were significantly...
Scientists and Public Policy

(1962). Scientists and Public Policy. Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists: Vol. 18, No. 3, pp. 10-13.
Jackknife empirical likelihood test for mean residual life functions

ABSTRACTMean residual life (MRL) function is an important function in survival analysis which describes the expected remaining life given survival to a certain age. In this article, we propose a non parametric method based on jackknife empirical likelihood through a U-statistic to test the equality of two mean residual functions. The asymptotic distribution of the test statistic has been derived. Simulations are conducted to illustrate the performance of the proposed test under different distributional assumptions and compare with some existing method. The proposed method is then applied to two real datasets.
Behavioral effects of opioid receptor antagonists in psychopathologic states.

The authors describe their work and the work of others, exploring the investigative use of opioid/opiate antagonists to understand the pathophysiology of affective disorders and schizophrenia.