cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Seasonal prevalence of queens and males in colonies of tawny crazy ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Florida

The tawny crazy ant, Nylanderia fulva (Mayr) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), is an invasive ant from South America with overwhelming populations that invade structures and overrun landscapes. To contribute to the development of biologically based control strategies for this ant, the seasonal prevalence of queens, males, and brood within colonies of N. fulva was determined from monthly collections of colonies located in north central Florida. The average number of queens per colony was significantly greater in the winter and spring than summer and fall. The fall and winter male counts were significantly higher than the other 2 seasons. Brood was most prevalent in the spring and fall and significantly greater than the brood collected in winter. Comparisons of queen, male, and brood to worker ratios generally had similar results to the average counts of queens and males and brood volume per season. The seasonal fluctuations in levels of queens, males, and brood reflect the winter coalescing of colonies into larger, permanent nest sites, and the summer dispersal of smaller colonies into transient nest sites located throughout landscapes. Sumario La hormiga loca, Nylanderia fulva Mayr (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), es una hormiga invasora de America del Sur con poblaciones abrumadoras que invaden toda clase de estructuras y de campos. Para contribuir al desarrollo de estrategias de control biologicas para esta hormiga, se determino la prevalencia estacional de las reinas, machos y crias dentro de las colonias de N. fulva a partir de colecciones mensuales de colonias ubicadas en el centro norte de la Florida. El numero promedio de reinas por colonia fue significativamente mayor en el invierno y la primavera que en el verano y otono. El conteo de los machos en el otono e invierno fue significativamente mas alto que las otras 2 temporadas. La cria fue mas prevalente en la primavera y el otono y significativamente mayor que la cria recolectada en el invierno. Las comparaciones de las proporciones de reinas, machos y cria por trabajador en general tuvieron resultados similares al promedio del conteo de las reinas y machos y el volumen de cria por temporada. Las fluctuaciones estacionales en los niveles de reinas, machos y crias reflejan la fusion invernal de las colonias en sitios de nido mas grandes y permanentes, y la dispersion en verano de colonias mas pequenas en sitios de nido transitorios ubicados a lo largo del campo. Key Words: Nylanderia fulva; queens; seasonal polydomy; colony movement; seasonal phenology View this article in BioOne
Thomas' hematopoietic cell transplantation

Thomas' hematopoietic cell transplantation : , Thomas' hematopoietic cell transplantation : , کتابخانه دیجیتال جندی شاپور اهواز
Concurrent Zero Knowledge in the Bounded Player Model

In this paper we put forward the Bounded Player Model for secure computation. In this new model, the number of players that will ever be involved in secure computations is bounded, but the number of computations has no a priori bound. Indeed, while the number of devices and people on this planet can be realistically estimated and bounded, the number of computations these devices will run can not be realistically bounded. We stress that in the Bounded Player model, in addition to no a priori bound on the number of sessions, there is no synchronization barrier, no trusted party, and simulation must be performed in polynomial time. In this setting, we achieve concurrent Zero Knowledge (cZK) with sub-logarithmic round complexity. Our security proof is (necessarily) non-black-box, our simulator is “straight-line” and works as long as the number of rounds is ω(1). We further show that unlike previously studied relaxations of the standard model (e.g., bounded number of sessions, timing assumptions, super-polynomial simulation), concurrent-secure computation is still impossible to achieve in the Bounded Player model. This gives evidence that our model is “closer” to the standard model than previously studied models, and study of this model might shed light on constructing round efficient concurrent zero-knowledge in the standard model as well.
Build Bridges between Play, Computation, Visual Programming, and Text-based Programming in Early Childhood Education

In this poster, we focus on a learning path that can smoothly connect the unplugged activities with the plugged programming ones. Our approach is to provide young children with visual programming and text-based programming materials that are directly associated with the computational logic in some selected children's games or literature stories. We demonstrate this combo-design idea with examples of role-play, Scratch programming, and Python code. Our method could be adapted to any suitable children's activities in different school settings.
A hybrid NIR-soft sensor method for real time in-process control during continuous direct compression manufacturing operations

Abstract Near Infrared (NIR) spectroscopy is commonly utilized for continuous manufacturing as Process Analytical Technology (PAT) tool. This paper focus on a continuous direct compression manufacturing process, in which an NIR PAT probe is integrated into the tablet press feed frame and into the tablet diversion control system to ensure continuous monitoring of the potency and homogeneity of the blend within the process line. The quantification of NIR spectra is achieved through Partial Least-Squares (PLS) modeling, calibrated with offline analyzed tablet cores at different potency levels. Because the NIR measurements are often sensitive to sample physical properties caused by raw materials or process conditions, etc., adopting a data-driven approach will require a large amount of representative data throughout the method lifecycle. During the early stages of process development, whenever new uncaptured source of variability in the model space are encountered, the chemometric predictions can deviate from the offline reference, requiring frequent model updates. These deviations can be reduced by integrating process and physico-chemical knowledge in the on-line potency estimation. This paper presents a novel hybrid method combining the online NIR PLS and a potency soft sensor estimation, enabling a robust potency prediction whilst minimizing maintenance downtimes and facilitating cross-site method transfer.
Viral Ecology and Natural Infection Dynamics of Kaeng Khoi Virus in Cave-Dwelling Wrinkle-Lipped Free-Tailed Bats (Chaerephon plicatus) in Thailand.

Kaeng Khoi virus (KKV; Order: Bunyavirales), is an endemic viral infection of the wrinkle-lipped free-tailed bat (Chaerephon plicatus aka Tadarida plicata plicata). Little is known about the ecology and maintenance of KKV within the bat population, nor the infection dynamics and transmission among bats or between bats and other vertebrates. Therefore, KKV was studied in Kaeng Khoi cave, Saraburi province, Thailand, during 1973–1974 with the objectives to (1) characterize the seasonal infection rates of KKV in the context of the bat population ecology, and (2) describe the infection dynamics and viral shedding by naturally- and experimentally-infected bats. To this end, the free-tailed bat population was estimated by a series of timed photographs taken during the evening exodus. The case population of 900,000 adult bats doubled at the time of weaning of the young and returned to its previous level soon thereafter. The newborn bats had neutralizing antibodies to KKV that were likely to be maternal in origin. The KKV antibody prevalence in adult bats was high (69–91%) in March–May and low (29–40%) in August and September. Kaeng Khoi virus was isolated from 75% of dead and 50% of moribund bats, but was not found in nearly 400 apparently healthy bats. Virus was present in saliva, urine and blood of most of the naturally-moribund bats tested. Consistent with observations from naturally-infected bats, experimental infection of bats with KKV revealed significant liver pathology, also suggestive that this is not a benign infection. Kaeng Khoi virus is an endemic, year-round infection maintained by the annual recruitment of a large number of immunologically-naive juvenile bats. Moreover, it produces an acute infection in the bat, either leading to death by hepatitis, or immunity.
Cell Transplantation Therapy for Myocardial Repair: Current Status and Future Challenges

Recent experimental studies and clinical trials have demonstrated that cell transplantation therapy has the potential to improve cardiac function after myocardial infarction. However, the mechanisms responsible for the observed therapeutic effects remain unknown. Different mechanisms have been proposed to explain the beneficial effects, including regeneration of contractile myocardial tissue, therapeutic neovascularization, prevention of left ventricular remodeling, release of paracrine growth factors, induction of nerve fiber regeneration, and potential influences on the cardiac stem cell niche. Furthermore, the clinical application of stem cell transplantation therapy still faces many challenges, such as tumor formation and unexpected differentiation, immunogenicity, arrhythmogenesis of engrafted stem cells, as well as how to prevent cell loss after transplantation. In this chapter, we review the current status of cell transplantation therapy, and discuss future challenges for its application in treating ischemic heart disease.
The effect of maternal medications upon the fetus and the newborn infant.

Abstract Adverse neonatal effects following drug therapy in both mothers and infants are being described with increasing frequency. Any drug given to a pregnant woman and subsequently found in her blood may be expected to pass into the infant's circulation. Many substances known to be toxic when given to the infant apparently do not reach dangerous levels in the infant when given to the mother. Some medications may be without ill effects, although significant blood levels are reached. Certain types of toxic reactions have probably not yet been recognized. Chloramphenicol, for example, was used extensively in newborn infants and was responsible for many neonatal deaths before its toxicity became known. In general, drugs associated with jaundice should be avoided in the pregnant woman at parturition, as well as in the neonatal infant. Drugs with rare idiosyncrasy reactions cannot be eliminated from medical management when good indications for their use are present. In such instances, the physicians responsible for the mother and baby are expected to be aware of possible side effects, and to be prepared to diagnose and treat such complications when necessary. On the other hand, although teratogenic effects in human beings have not invariably followed the use of cancer chemotherapeutic drugs even in early pregnancy, such cytotoxic drugs are probably teratogenic and are contraindicated at least within the first trimester.
A Defense of Conditional Excluded Middle

This paper is a polemic about a detail in the semantics for conditionals. It takes for granted what is common to semantic theories proposed by David Lewis,1 John Pollock,2 Brian Chellas,3 and myself and Richmond Thomason4 in order to focus on some small points of difference between the theory I favor and the others. I will sketch quickly and roughly the general ideas which lie behind all of these theories, and the common semantical framework in which these ideas are developed. Then I will describe the divergences between my theory and the others — I will focus on the difference between my theory and the one favored by Lewis — and argue that my theory gives a better account of the way conditionals work in natural language.
The Need for New Business-Technology Relationships

The relationship between business and technology within organizations is rapidly changing. New trends in technology governance models, device deployment strategies, skills and competencies, partnerships, and organizational structures are likely to arise in the next five to 10 years, making the relationship one of integration, and cooperation.
Reading and Writing in Sociable Letters; Or, How Margaret Cavendish Read Her Plutarch

AbstractMargaret Cavendish's Sociable Letters (1664), a fictionalized collection of private letters, makes reading and writing its subject in the broadest possible sense. Individual letters in the collection frequently offer commentary on books and describe the reading practices of women and men. This essay argues that Sociable Letters can be read as a case study of the conditions of women's reading practices. In Sociable Letters Cavendish demonstrates both an awareness of gendered models of reading and a strategic reclamation of the desiring female reader. Epistolarity becomes a means for some women to negotiate identities as reading subjects. More broadly, this essay suggests that Sociable Letters can contribute to a more inclusive history of early modern reading, which has often been defined in terms of a normative male reader. Cavendish's extended commentary on Plutarch's Lives offers a skeptical critique of humanist models of reading. In her responses to Plutarch's Cato and Pericles, Cavendish descri...
Wave propagation in ordered, disordered, and nonlinear photonic band gap materials

Photonic band gap materials are artificial dielectric structures that give the promise of molding and controlling the flow of optical light the same way semiconductors mold and control the electric current flow. In this dissertation the author studied two areas of photonic band gap materials. The first area is focused on the properties of one-dimensional PBG materials doped with Kerr-type nonlinear material, while, the second area is focused on the mechanisms responsible for the gap formation as well as other properties of two-dimensional PBG materials. He first studied, in Chapter 2, the general adequacy of an approximate structure model in which the nonlinearity is assumed to be concentrated in equally-spaced very thin layers, or 6-functions, while the rest of the space is linear. This model had been used before, but its range of validity and the physical reasons for its limitations were not quite clear yet. He performed an extensive examination of many aspects of the model's nonlinear response and comparison against more realistic models with finite-width nonlinear layers, and found that the d-function model is quite adequate, capturing the essential features in the transmission characteristics. The author found one exception, coming from the deficiency of processing a rigid bottom band edge, i.e. the upper edge of the gaps is always independent of the refraction index contrast. This causes the model to miss-predict that there are no soliton solutions for a positive Kerr-coefficient, something known to be untrue.
Association Between Lymphatic Malformations of the Mediastinum and Congenital Venous Ectasia: Is It Just Coincidental?

Abstract The association between lymphatic malformations and congenital venous ectasia is extremely rare, and the relative rarity of both entities makes it difficult to determine the relationship between the two. Here we present four new cases and review the current literature. We hypothesize that there might be a strong association between mediastinal lymphatic malformations and segmental phlebectasia; furthermore, there is a molecular background that may justify the association between these two entities.
Controls on spatial variations in flow resistance along steep mountain streams

[1] Detailed channel and water surface surveys were conducted on 15 mountain stream reaches (9 step-pool, 5 cascade, and 1 plane-bed) using a tripod-mounted Light Detection and Ranging scanner and laser theodolite. Reach-average velocities were measured at varying discharges with dye tracers and fluorometers. Multiple regressions and analysis of variance tests were used to test hypothesized correlations between Darcy-Weisbach friction coefficient, f, and potential control variables. Gradient (S0) and relative grain submergence (Rh/D84) individually explained a low proportion of the variability in f (R2 = 0.18), where Rh is hydraulic radius, D84 is the 84th percentile of the cumulative grain size distribution, and R2 is equal to the coefficient of determination. Because channel type, grain size, and S0 are interrelated, we tested the hypothesis that f is highly correlated with all three of these variables or a combination of the above variables with flow period (a categorical variable) or dimensionless unit discharge (q*). Total resistance correlated strongly (adj-R2 = 0.74, 0.69, and 0.64) with S0, flow period, wood load (volume of wood/m2 of channel), q*, and channel type (step-pool, cascade, plane-bed). Total resistance differed between step-pool and plane-bed and between cascade and plane-bed reaches. Significant differences in f in step-pool and cascade reaches were found at the same values of flow and S0. The regression analyses indicate that discharge explains the most variability in f, followed by S0 when discharge is similar among channel reaches, but that Rh/D84 is not an appropriate variable in these steep mountain streams to represent variations in both resistance and discharge. Results also indicate that the forms of resistance among channel types are sufficiently different to change the relationship of the control variables with f in each channel type. These results can be used to further the development of predictive equations for high-gradient mountain streams.
Differential expression of genes encoding subthreshold-operating voltage-gated K+ channels in brain.

The members of the three subfamilies (eag, erg, and elk) of the ether-a-go-go (EAG) family of potassium channel pore-forming subunits express currents that, like the M-current ( I M), could have considerable influence on the subthreshold properties of neuronal membranes, and hence the control of excitability. A nonradioactive in situ hybridization (NR-ISH) study of the distribution of the transcripts encoding the eight known EAG family subunits in rat brain was performed to identify neuronal populations in which the physiological roles of EAG channels could be studied. These distributions were compared with those of the mRNAs encoding the components of the classical M-current (Kcnq2 and Kcnq3). NR-ISH was combined with immunohistochemistry to specific neuronal markers to help identify expressing neurons. The results show that each EAG subunit has a specific pattern of expression in rat brain. EAG and Kcnq transcripts are prominent in several types of excitatory neurons in the cortex and hippocampus; however, only one of these channel components (erg1) was consistently expressed in inhibitory interneurons in these areas. Some neuronal populations express more than one product of the same subfamily, suggesting that the subunits may form heteromeric channels in these neurons. Many neurons expressed multiple EAG family and Kcnq transcripts, such as CA1 pyramidal neurons, which contained Kcnq2, Kcnq3, eag1, erg1, erg3, elk2, and elk3. This indicates that the subthreshold current in many neurons may be complex, containing different components mediated by a number of channels with distinct properties and neuromodulatory responses.
New Species of Smittium and Stachylina and Other Trichomycetes in Larval Diptera from Streams in Nova Scotia, Canada

The guts of non-predaceous invertebrates in aquatic and moist terrestrial habitats are often colonized by an ecological group of microorganisms called trichomycetes. Taxonomically, these endobionts are currently a diverse, polyphyletic assemblage including both zygomycetous fungi as well as protistan species. Trichomycetes are worldwide in distribution and are from varied habitats, but the species inventory of gut fungi from hosts in Canada is far from complete. We summarize the findings from our earliest surveys (from 1997 to 2005) and collections of candidate dipteran hosts in Nova Scotia. Nine new species of gut fungi are added to the inventory list, including the following seven Smittium spp.: Smittium aggregatum, Smittium gronthidium, Smittium papillum, Smittium pavocaudatum, Smittium radiculans, Smittium sparsum, and Smittium verticillatum, and the following two Stachylina spp.: Stachylina brevicellaris and Stachylina subgrandis. Four of the other 13 Harpellales, Pennella digitata, Smittium megazygo...
L.A.U.N.Ch. Into the Future: Evidence-Based Literature to Support Nursing Staff Development

The authors completed a yearlong pilot program for the purpose of measuring the effect of a Clinical Nursing Librarian program on nursing practice in the Intensive Care Units at the University of New Mexico Hospital. This article describes the study and the resultant hospital-wide program that developed from the pilot project. Numerous studies have documented the efficacy of Clinical Librarian programs on improving the incorporation of evidence into patient care. There is little indication that this type of program has been targeted to nursing staff even though physicians and residents have used these programs over the past three decades.
Prophylactic antibiotics for curettage abortion

Opinion is divided as to the advisability of routine use of prophylactic antibiotics for curettage abortion. Six studies, including three randomized clinical trials, suggest that prophylaxis reduces infectious morbidity associated with curettage abortions by about one half. Three other studies, two involving prophylaxis for instillation abortions and one involving a vaginal antiseptic for curettage abortion, support the hypothesis that antimicrobial prophylaxis reduces morbidity. Tetracyclines are commonly used for this purpose. The cost of routine prophylaxis even with an expensive tetracycline would appear to be offset by the savings in direct and indirect costs. Prophylaxis may help prevent both short-term morbidity and potential late sequelae, such as ectopic pregnancy and infertility.
Attention Alters the Appearance of Motion Coherence

Selective attention enhances visual information processing, as measured by behavioral performance and neural activity. However, little is known about its effects on subjective experience. Here, we investigated the effect of transient (exogenous) attention on the appearance of visual motion, using a psychophysical procedure that directly measures appearance and controls for response bias. Observers viewed pairs of moving dot patterns and reported the motion direction of the more coherent pattern. Directing attention (via a peripheral precue) to a stimulus location increased its perceived coherence level and improved performance on a direction discrimination task. In a control experiment, we ruled out response bias by lengthening the time interval between the cue and the stimuli, so that the effect of transient attention could no longer be exerted. Our results are consistent with those of neurophysiological studies showing that attention modulates motion processing and provide evidence of a subjective perceptual correlate of attention, with a concomitant effect on performance.
Dissemination of low grade intracranial astrocytomas in children.

The authors report three cases of histologically benign intracranial astrocytomas that developed in children and disseminated within the neuraxis. Multicentric disease was evident at the time of diagnosis in two of these patients, one of whom subsequently developed peritoneal seeding of tumor after placement of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt. To our knowledge, this latter represents the first documented case of extraneural seeding of a benign astrocytoma. All three children are currently alive and well 17–117 months after the diagnosis of tumor dissemination. We review the literature regarding this uncommon problem and discuss the pathophysiology and treatment options. Our results indicate that the presence of disseminated disease may not preclude long term survival, provided the lesions are truly benign histologically and that adjuvant therapy is instituted promptly. Cancer 1994; 73:2869–78.
Metabolic and cellular organization in evolutionarily diverse microalgae as related to biofuels production

Microalgae are among the most diverse organisms on the planet, and as a result of symbioses and evolutionary selection, the configuration of core metabolic networks is highly varied across distinct algal classes. The differences in photosynthesis, carbon fixation and processing, carbon storage, and the compartmentation of cellular and metabolic processes are substantial and likely to transcend into the efficiency of various steps involved in biofuel molecule production. By highlighting these differences, we hope to provide a framework for comparative analyses to determine the efficiency of the different arrangements or processes. This sets the stage for optimization on the based on information derived from evolutionary selection to diverse algal classes and to synthetic systems.
Coexisting goethite and gibbsite from a high-paleolatitude (55°N) Late Paleocene laterite: Concentration and 13C/12C ratios of occluded CO2 and associated organic matter

Abstract A Late Paleocene (∼60 Ma BP) lateritic soil from Northern Ireland (the Antrim paleosol, herein referred to as Nire) contains coexisting goethite, gibbsite, phyllosilicate, and hematite. The Fe(III) oxides exhibit pisolitic and Liesegang-type morphologies that are mutually exclusive in hand specimens. X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements of Al substituted for Fe in goethite indicate two populations: (1) low-Al, Liesegang-type goethites (∼0 mol% Al) and (2) high-Al, pisolitic goethites (∼9 to ∼24 mol% Al). Selective dissolution and incremental vacuum dehydration-decarbonation were used to determine the concentration and δ13C values of CO2 occluded in the respective structures of the goethites and gibbsites in this complex mixture of Nire lateritic minerals. The Fe(CO3)OH component in the high-Al goethites appears to retain a proxy carbon isotopic record of vadose zone CO2 in the ancient soil. The δ13C values of CO2 occluded in coexisting goethites and gibbsites indicate that these minerals did not form in equilibrium with the same environmental CO2. The measured mole fractions (X) of Fe(CO3)OH in the high-Al goethites range from 0.0059 (±0.0005) to 0.0077 (±0.0006) and correspond to soil CO2 concentrations of ∼28,000 to ∼37,000 ppmV. The average values of X and δ13C for the four high-Al goethites are 0.0067 ± 0.0007 and −20.1 ± 0.5‰, respectively. The δ13C value of the organic matter undergoing oxidation in this midlatitude (∼55°N) Late Paleocene soil appears to have been ∼ −28.2‰. Taken together, these data indicate an atmospheric CO2 concentration of ∼2400 ppmV (± ∼1200 ppmV) at ∼60 Ma BP. The inferred high concentration of atmospheric CO2 would have been coincident with the warm global climate of the Late Paleocene and is consistent with the idea that CO2 plays an important role in climate variation.
Alignment within the software development unit: Assessing structural and relational dimensions between developers and testers

Just as business-IT alignment has received significant focus as a strategic concern in the IS literature, it is also important to consider internal alignment between the diverse subunits within the IT organization. This study investigates alignment between developers and testers in software development to understand alignment within the IT unit. Prior evidence of tension between these sub-groups (and others as well) suggests that all is not necessarily well within the IT organization. Misalignment within the IT unit can certainly make it difficult for the IT unit to add strategic value to the organization. This study is an important initial step in investigating IT subunit alignment which can inform future research focusing on the alignment of other IT subunits such as architecture, operations, and customer-support. Using theoretical concepts from strategic business-IT alignment, we test a research model through a survey of professional software developers and testers. Results suggest that relational but not structural dimensions influence IT subunit alignment.
Nqr experiments on Sc-Y alloys at very low temperatures

We have performed Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance (NQR) experiments on an alloy of scandium and yttrium. We find that the characteristic resonance frequencies in zero external field are 50 percent larger than in pure scandium. This increase in frequency makes the Sc-Y alloy a better candidate for absolute thermometry below 500 µK. However, the spin-lattice relaxation time of this alloy is more than an order of magnitude longer than in the pure scandium. In addition, we have observed an abrupt increase in the Korringa constant for temperatures below 5mK.
Energetics of Heme Binding to Native and Denatured States of Cytochrome b562

Cytochrome b562 is a four-helix bundle protein containing a noncovalently bound b-type heme prosthetic group. For the first time, energetics of heme binding to an apocytochrome were measured by iso...
Nascent synthesis and secretion of cellobiase in Neocallimastix frontalis EB188

De novo synthesis and the secretion of cellobiase fromNeocallimastix frontalis EB188 were studied. Cellobiase was secreted rapidly in cellulose switch cultures. Chemical inhibition of protein synthesis and radiotracer studies suggested secretion was dependent on nascent protein synthesis. Inhibitors of protein glycosylation also inhibited secretion. An 85,000 dalton protein (and several others) represented the principal differences in de novo synthesis between cellulose- and glucose-switched cultures. Concentrations of the 85,000 daltons protein increased with culture incubation time and ultimately accounted for 7% of the total protein secreted. This protein was purified by gel electrophoresis separations and was determined to be a cellobiase. Secretion of this cellobiase was correlated with its radiolabeling. The possibility of cellobiase induction representing a specialized gene control system inNeocallimastix frontalis EB188 is discussed.
Sodium hydroxide and sodium tripolyphosphate effects on bind strength and sensory characteristics of restructured beef rolls.

Restructured beef rolls formulated with 1% NaCl (controls) or with 1% NaCl plus 0.07% NaOH or 0.375% sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) had different (p NaOH > controls. Percent cooked yield was inversely affected (p 10 > 20%). Bind values were lower (p < 0.05) in rolls with 20% added water. NaOH and STPP rolls had higher pH (p < 0.05) than controls (6.28, 6.22, and 6.07, respectively). Panel cohesiveness, juiciness, and acceptability scores were also generally higher (p < 0.05) for NaOH and STPP rolls, compared to controls. There was a high correlation (0.93) between panel cohesiveness scores and instrumental bind values. At 20% added water, STPP rolls were preferred, but at 10% added water, STPP and NaOH rolls were similar in overall acceptability. Thus, if added water level is not too high, NaOH alone or perhaps with other binding agents may be an alternative to phosphates in cooked beef rolls.
The Static Quark Effective Theory

Abstract Processes involving one heavy quark at small momentum are of great phenomenological interest. The anomalous dependence on the heavy quark mass m of the amplitudes for these processes can be extracted using an effective theory with the heavy quark treated as a static color source. We prove the validity of this 1 m expansion to leading order in 1 m and to all orders in the loop expansion.
Natural Resources Perspective of the Balanced Scorecard: Balance and Boundaries

Natural resources perspective of the balanced scorecard: balance and boundaries. DOI:10.2458/azu_rangelands_v29i2_kelly
Tactile facilitation of figure reversal in mental imagery

In the first of three experiments, we found that 26% of our subjects reversed the mental image of Jastrow’s (1900) duck/rabbit figure. We speculated that the remaining 74% did not perform the reversal in imagination because they were unable to maintain an accurate image of the figure sufficiently long to allow for the reversal to occur. Therefore, in a second experiment, subjects attempted to reverse the memory image of the duck/rabbit, while simultaneously feeling an embossed version of the figure. This resulted in a 66% reversal rate, suggesting that the haptic form allowed for a greater number of reversals by preventing the mental image of the duck/rabbit from becoming distorted or decaying over time. Because a good portion of these reversals may have been tactual and not imaginai, a fragmented haptic form was used in a third experiment. A 50% reversal rate was obtained, even though this form could not be reversed by touch alone.
CONTRAST HARMONIC ULTRASOUND OF SPONTANEOUS LIVER NODULES IN 32 DOGS

Thirty-two dogs with spontaneous hepatic nodules were given intravenous ultrasound contrast medium (Definity or Sonovue) and imaged with contrast harmonic software on a conventional ultrasound machine system. Digital video images were initially reviewed to describe the perfusion pattern of malignant nodules. The images were reviewed again to test this pattern against all individual nodules. Subjectively, there was improved conspicuity of malignant nodules after contrast enhancement compared with conventional imaging and increased numbers of malignant nodules were often noted. There was decreased conspicuity of benign nodules and no additional nodules were seen after contrast enhancement. There was a highly significant (P < 0.0001) association of malignancy with a hypoechoic nodule at surrounding normal liver peak contrast enhancement. Benign nodules were isoechoic to the surrounding normal liver at peak contrast enhancement. Only one benign nodule (hepatoma) had regions of hypoechogenicity compared with the surrounding normal liver at peak liver contrast enhancement. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy were highly significant (P < 0.0001) (100%, 94.1%, 93.8%, 100%, and 96.9%, respectively). No complications or morbidity was noted throughout the course of the study. Contrast harmonic ultrasound appears to be accurate at discriminating between naturally occurring benign and malignant nodules in the liver of dogs.
Experimental foundations of EMG biofeedback with the upper extremity: a review of the literature

This article reviews the experimental foundations of EMG biofeedback with the upper extremity. Considered are investigations on recruitment and training of single and multiple motor units in both normal and nonnormal subjects, on transfer of training effects from trained to untrained muscles, and on the relationship of reduced muscle output to relaxation. Examined are procedures, results, and conclusions of these basic studies. Problems noted in the research are discussed and suggestions are made for further work in the area.
European sources of halocarbons and nitrous oxide: Update 1986

New information on seasonal and secular trends in the releases of CFCl3, CF2Cl2, CCl4, CH3CCl3, and N20 from Europe was obtained as part of the Atmospheric Lifetime Experiment. Semicontinuous measurements of these pollutants were made at Adrigole, Ireland, using lean air from the Atlantic Ocean as a baseline. The results obtained include unambiguous evidence for elevated levels of N2O occurring concurrent with halocarbon pollution events; the detection of trends in the relative emission of different halocarbons; the discovery of seasonal variations in emission of CF2Cl2, CCl4, and CH3Cl3; the characterization of typical summer and winter pollution episodes; and the identification of weather patterns over Europe that are associated with high concentrations of chlorofluorocarbons at Adrigole. It was estimated that the European source of N2O represents 25 percent of the global emissions associated with combustion and 10 percent of the integrated stratospheric losses.
Note on the correlation energy of an electron gas

The residual ring diagram contribution which is due to the use of approximate eigenvalues and a momentum cutoff is evaluated and the terms of orderr s in the correlation energy are given explicitly. The result is exact to orderr s within neglect of the third order exchange contribution and improves the results of Du Bois, and Carr and Maradudin. The correlation energy plotted againstr s connects rather smoothly to the low density results obtained recently by Stevens and Pokrant based on an entirely different variational method.
Epigenetic regulation Basic concepts and relevance to neurologic disease

Epigenetics is the study of heritability not dependent on DNA sequence. The human epigenome includes covalent chemical modifications of DNA nucleotides and histone proteins; both are reversible and heritable. Other epigenetic regulators include noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs). These regulators allow for differential gene expression in diverse tissues despite all cells having the same genomic DNA sequence. Working synergistically, they control chromatin compaction and play crucial roles in embryogenesis, X-chromosome inactivation, and imprinting, and are important in the development and homeostasis of the nervous system. The authors thank Steven D. Orwoll for preparation of the illustrations.
Good Governance at the World Trade Organization: Building a Foundation of Administrative Law

Good governance lies at the heart of both the effectiveness and legitimacy of collective decision-making. In this essay, Professor Esty argues that, if the World Trade Organization (WTO) is to be successful in its designated role of promoting trade liberalization and helping to manage international economic interdependence, it needs a deeper commitment to good governance, advanced through a more refined structure of administrative rules and procedures. He identifies 14 core elements of good governance and traces how administrative law might promote each one in the WTO context. While acknowledging the difficulty of bringing administrative law to the supranational level, Esty concludes that there exists an emerging consensus around many of the underpinnings of good governance—and therefore places value in trying to build these elements in to the WTO policy-making process.
INCREASED BONE MARROW METABOLIC ACTIVITY IS ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED RISK OF FUTURE CARDIOVASCULAR EVENTS

Bone marrow (BM) metabolic activity is increased after ACS and is associated with release of pro-inflammatory leukocytes and arterial inflammation. However, the relationship of BM activity to cardiovascular disease (CVD) events remains unknown. We identified 513 individuals free of cancer or prior
Geomagnetic activity associated with magnetic clouds, magnetic cloud-like structures and interplanetary shocks for the period 1995 2003

Abstract Using nine years (1995–2003) of solar wind plasma and magnetic field data, solar sunspot number, and geomagnetic activity data, we investigated the geomagnetic activity associated with magnetic clouds (MCs), magnetic cloud-like structures (MCLs), and interplanetary shock waves. Eighty-two MCs and one hundred and twenty-two MCLs were identified by using solar wind and magnetic field data from the WIND mission, and two hundred and sixty-one interplanetary shocks were identified over the period of 1995–2003 in the vicinity of Earth. It is found that MCs are typically more geoeffective than MCLs or interplanetary shocks. The occurrence frequency of MCs is not well correlated with sunspot number. By contrast, both occurrence frequency of MCLs and sudden storm commencements (SSCs) are well correlated with sunspot number.
Addition of functionalized zinc copper reagents to acetylenic esters: Synthesis of 2-carboalkoxy cyclohexenones

Abstract Conjugate addition of the zinc-copper reagent derived from ethyl 4-iodobutyrate to acetylenic esters in the presence of TMSCI and HMPA results in cyclization and formation of 3-alkyl-2-carboalkoxycyclohexenones in good yields.
An examination of gender stereotyping as an explanation for vertical job segregation in public accounting

Abstract Theorizing that sex-related stereotypes impede women's progression to leadership positions, this study tests the hypothesis that sex-role stereotypes negatively influence the evaluation of female accountants, thus reducing the upward mobility of women to partnerships in public accounting. Although the pro-male bias in our findings was less than robust, the study revealed instances where male managers devalued female managers who exhibited certain “masculine” leadership styles.
Behavioral and psychosocial correlates of anal sex among male clients of female sex workers in Tijuana, Mexico.

Most studies of heterosexual sex risk practices have focused on condomless vaginal sex despite evidence that condomless anal sex has a significantly higher risk of HIV transmission. The present study focused on male clients’ anal sex practices with female sex workers (FSWs) in Tijuana, Mexico, where an HIV epidemic is growing among high-risk groups. Logistic regression analyses were used to identify psychosocial and behavioral correlates of anal sex among male clients. Our sample of HIV-negative men (N = 400) was predominantly Latino (87.5 %), born in Mexico (78.8 %), never married (36.8 %) or in a regular or common-law marriage (31.5 %), and employed (62.8 %), with an average age and education of 37.8 and 9.2 years, respectively. Eighty-nine percent identified as heterosexual and 11 % as bisexual. By design, 50 % of the sample resided in Tijuana and the other 50 % in San Diego County. Nearly half (49 %) reported at least one incident of anal sex with a FSW in Tijuana in the past 4 months; of those participants, 85 % reported that one or more of their anal sex acts with FSWs had been without a condom. In a multivariate model, anal sex with a FSW in the past 4 months was associated with bisexual identification, methamphetamine use with FSWs, repeat visits to the same FSW, higher scores on perceived stigma about being a client of FSWs, and sexual compulsivity. Prevention programs are needed that address the behavioral and psychosocial correlates of heterosexual anal sex in order to reduce HIV/STI transmission risk among male clients, FSWs, and their sexual network members.
Enhanced human lysozyme production by Kluyveromyces lactis.

An attempt to enhance recombinant human lysozyme production by Kluyveromyces lactis K7 was performed in this study. In this study, the production of recombinant human lysozyme was investigated using shake flasks and bioreactor under different cultivation conditions. It was demonstrated that 25 °C could enhance human lysozyme production when compared with other temperatures tested. This study also demonstrated that higher biomass did not necessarily produce higher human lysozyme, and it was clear that human lysozyme production was enhanced under unfavorable conditions such as low acidity and oxygen limitation. Cultivation condition with no pH control demonstrated better production than with pH controlled near neutrality. Oxygen limitation also resulted in higher recombinant human lysozyme production. Overall human lysozyme was increased from 64.1 U/ml in flask to 123.6 U/ml in fed-batch fermentation using 4.5% (w/v) glucose initially and fed with concentrated lactose to achieve 9% lactose concentration.
Measurement of Capacity Depreciation Based on Engineering Data

The widely used estimates of annual capacity depreciation for selected types of farm producer capital published by the US DA rest on the assumption that the amount of capital consumed annually equals a constant fraction of the existing capital stocks. This study demonstrates, through the use of agricultural engineering data, that the productive capacity of farm tractors deteriorates in a concave rather than the convex pattern suggested by present USDA estimates. The implications for studies estimating aggregate production functions based on factor shares or farm investment demand equations are discussed. Finally, recommendations for change to selected sector economic accounts are made.
Barrier layer formation during westerly wind bursts

[1] Barrier layers between the base of a shallow halocline and the top of the thermocline are a common feature of the western Pacific warm pool. In this paper, we investigate barrier layer formation and erosion processes associated with two westerly wind bursts (WWB). WWBs are typically associated with increased rainfall, but increased wind stirring and convective mixing from surface cooling can cause the fresh water to mix down to the top of the thermocline and thereby erode preexisting or newly formed barrier layers. However, not all WWBs lead to barrier layer erosion. In this study, we show that a WWB in November 1989 was associated with the formation of an extremely (∼100 m) thick barrier layer. During this event, zonal and meridional advection of surface fresh water from the west and north were the dominant processes responsible for the thick barrier layer, while rainfall was a secondary process. Likewise, during the Tropical Oceans Global Atmosphere Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment, a relatively thick barrier layer formed near 0°, 160°E and 0°, 165°E following the October 1992 WWB. Zonal convergence associated with this WWB caused a zonal salinity gradient to intensify. The surface-intensified wind-driven jet then tilted the zonal salinity gradient into the vertical, thus generating a shallow halocline above the top of the thermocline. In both events, feedbacks appear to have occurred between formation of stratification and formation of vertical shear. Shear formed through a depth-dependent pressure gradient associated with the salinity gradient and through trapping of wind-forced momentum above the developing stratification. The increased sheared flow then led to further surface-intensified fresh water advection and stratification. These examples illustrate how, in the presence of zonal and meridional salinity gradients, the equatorial ocean's response to WWBs can include the formation of thick, long-lived barrier layers.
Devices to Facilitate Rearing of Lepidopterous Larvae

Of 2 devices developed for speeding up the rearing of large numbers of lepidopterous insects, one is made in part from a pressure cooker and by means of air pressure dispenses large quantities of agar-base diet. The second is a machine that transports vials of diet beneath a venturi component where the larvae are picked up and deposited in to the vials.