cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Blending Capacity on a Rideshare Platform: Independent and Dedicated Drivers

A rideshare platform acts as an aggregator that connects riders with ride providers (drivers). The drivers are independent workers who share a part of their revenue with the principal, who owns the platform. While drivers have flexible schedules, the fairness of labor contracts and control exercised by the principal have come into question lately. Suggested options include treating the drivers as employees and/or safeguarding a minimum income for them. We study a rideshare platform with blended driver capacity: full time employees with a fixed wage rate, and independent drivers who are paid a share of revenue. We examine a scenario where the principal establishes the number of employee drivers, revenue sharing, and a base price for the platform; and the independent drivers then determine whether to join the platform. We identify economic equilibrium for two different demand rationing strategies: preference for employee drivers, and equal opportunity for all drivers (driver‐agnostic). We find that a blended platform capacity becomes viable if the wage rate is moderate, pool of independent drivers is large, and the ride‐seeker market is large. We show that the unpredictability of driver's reservation value motivates the principal to hire more employee drivers and to increase the base price. Our result that a driver‐agnostic demand rationing causes fewer independent drivers to join the platform is somewhat counterintuitive and is explained by how revenue sharing affects demand rationing. We find that the ride seekers prefer preferential demand rationing over driver‐agnostic rationing.
The "Gum-Gut" Axis in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: A Hypothesis-Driven Review of Associations and Advances

In modern medicine, the oral cavity has often been viewed as a passive conduit to the upper airways and gastrointestinal tract; however, its connection to the rest of the body has been increasingly explored over the last 40 years. For several diseases, the periodontium and gingiva are at the center of this oral-systemic link. Over 50 systemic conditions have been specifically associated with gingival and periodontal inflammation, including inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), which have recently been elevated from simple "associations" to elegant, mechanistic investigations. IBD and periodontitis have been reported to impact each other's progression via a bidirectional relationship whereby chronic oral or intestinal inflammation can impact the other; however, the precise mechanisms for how this occurs remain unclear. Classically, the etiology of gingival inflammation (gingivitis) is oral microbial dysbiosis in the subgingival crevice that can lead to destructive periodontal disease (periodontitis); however, the current understanding of gingival involvement in IBD is that it may represent a separate disease entity from classical gingivitis, arising from mechanisms related to systemic inflammatory activation of niche-resident immune cells. Synthesizing available evidence, we hypothesize that once established, IBD can be driven by microbiomial and inflammatory changes originating specifically from the gingival niche through saliva, thereby worsening IBD outcomes and thus perpetuating a vicious cycle. In this review, we introduce the concept of the "gum-gut axis" as a framework for examining this reciprocal relationship between the periodontium and the gastrointestinal tract. To support and explore this gum-gut axis, we 1) provide a narrative review of historical studies reporting gingival and periodontal manifestations in IBD, 2) describe the current understanding and advances for the gum-gut axis, and 3) underscore the importance of collaborative treatment and research plans between oral and GI practitioners to benefit this patient population.
Sexuality and Intimacy Rehabilitation for the Military Population: Case Series

Sexuality and intimacy are important aspects of life that are frequently compromised after severe injury or illness, yet these aspects are often overlooked by medical and rehabilitation professionals. This case series describes the Occupational Therapy Sexuality and Intimacy program at a Military Treatment Facility (MTF). Three diverse clients with a range of physical, cognitive and emotional impairments were chosen to illustrate complexities of the Occupational Therapy Sexuality and Intimacy Program at this MTF, and unique skills employed by Occupational Therapists. Consistent themes discovered include: perceived value of the program; appreciation of safe spaces to discuss personal topics; and enhanced awareness of role identity, body image, and emotional regulation. These cases illustrate that sexuality and intimacy interventions may have profound effects on injured service members, improving social reintegration, and quality of life.
Multi-Modal Multi-Spectral Intravital Macroscopic Imaging of Signaling Dynamics in Real Time during Tumor–Immune Interactions

Intravital microscopic imaging (IVM) allows for the study of interactions between immune cells and tumor cells in a dynamic, physiologically relevant system in vivo. Current IVM strategies primarily use fluorescence imaging; however, with the advances in bioluminescence imaging and the development of new bioluminescent reporters with expanded emission spectra, the applications for bioluminescence are extending to single cell imaging. Herein, we describe a molecular imaging window chamber platform that uniquely combines both bioluminescent and fluorescent genetically encoded reporters, as well as exogenous reporters, providing a powerful multi-plex strategy to study molecular and cellular processes in real-time in intact living systems at single cell resolution all in one system. We demonstrate that our molecular imaging window chamber platform is capable of imaging signaling dynamics in real-time at cellular resolution during tumor progression. Importantly, we expand the utility of IVM by modifying an off-the-shelf commercial system with the addition of bioluminescence imaging achieved by the addition of a CCD camera and demonstrate high quality imaging within the reaches of any biology laboratory.
Leveraging the temporal dynamics of anticipatory vowel-to-vowel coarticulation in linguistic prediction: A statistical modeling approach

Abstract Previous research has shown that coarticulatory information in the signal orients listeners in spoken word recognition, and that articulatory and perceptual dynamics closely parallel one another. The current study uses statistical classification to test the power of time-varying anticipatory coarticulatory information present in the acoustic signal for predicting upcoming sounds in the speech stream. Bayesian mixed-effects multinomial logistic regression models were trained on several different representations of spectral variation present in V1 in order to predict the identity of V2 in naturally coarticulated transconsonantal V1…V2 sequences. Models trained on simple measures of spectral variation (e.g. formant measures taken at V1 midpoint) were compared with models trained on more sophisticated time-varying representations (e.g. the estimated coefficients of polynomial curves fit to whole formant trajectories of V1). Accuracy in predicting V2 was greater when models were trained on dynamic representations of spectral variation in V1, and those trained on quadratic and cubic polynomial representations achieved the greatest accuracy, with more than 15 percentage points in correct classification over using midpoint formant frequencies alone. The results demonstrate that spectral representations with high temporal resolution capture more disambiguating anticipatory information available in the signal than representations with lower temporal resolution.
Fundamentals of Epidemiology for the Audiologist

Purpose Epidemiology is the study of the distribution and determinants of disease and other health-related events in populations. An understanding of epidemiology among audiologists is important fo...
A Study of Student Perception of the Validity and Reliability in University Flight Training Assessment

This paper examines the student perception of the validity and reliability of learner-centered grading in a university flight training program. The target university planned to implement a newly developed learner-centered flight training syllabus and was uncertain of its effect on the student population. The university’s existing flight training program utilized a traditional teacher-centered grading system and grade symbols with unknown results. The new system utilized a collaborative approach to lesson grading as well as objective, performance-based grade symbols. Using seven research questions, this paper sought to determine the student perception of the validity and reliability of each portion of the new grading symbols as well as the collaborative grading technique. The study revealed that student-instructor collaboration in the grading process as well as the addition of objective, performance-based grade symbols demonstrated statistically significant increases in perceived grade validity and reliability. The study produced four major recommendations. The primary recommendation was that the university adopt the learner-centered grading system described in the study.
Use of Human Lymphoblastoid Cell Lines to Determine Cellular Hypersensitivity to Physical and Chemical Agents

During the past decade, human lymphoblastoid cell lines have become recognized as providing a convenient source of material for studies of human genetic diseases [1–7]. Lymphocytes may be transformed with Epstein-Barr (EB) virus to produce immortal cell lines [8–10]. They are termed lymphoblastoid because of their morphological similarities to the immature lymphocytes called lymphoblasts.
The chemistry of boron and its speciation in plants

The chemistry and usage of B, as well as its speciation in plants, are reviewed. In the context of biology, the chemistry of the surprisingly rare element B is dominated by B-oxygen compounds. The occurrence, distribution and chemistry of these compounds are briefly described. In addition, the chemistry involved in the interaction of B–O compounds with naturally occurring molecules, particularly polyhydroxy compounds, is summarised. The essentiality of B in plants has been known for 75 years, but the biomolecule(s) with which it interacts to cause its essential function(s) remain largely unknown, although many have been suggested. Recent research on the complexation, isolation and partial characterisation of B complexes of polysaccharides, diols, and hydroxyacids is outlined. The particular importance of B interactions with cell wall components, membranes, enzymes, sugars, and polyols is discussed.
Environments of individual tyrosines in protein: Differences in rates of mono- and dhodination

Abstract The relative rates of iodination of tyrosine to monoiodotyrosine and of monoiodotyrosine to diiodotyrosine in proteins: Tyrosine → k 1 monoiodotyrosine → k 2 diiodotyrosine have been a subject of controversy for some time. We have now shown that within a particular protein, a human Bence Jones protein, there are tyrosines for which k1 is greater than k2 and other tyrosines for which k2 is greater than k1. The value of the ratio, k1/k2, is dependent on the particular tyrosine involved.
An Analysis of the Revised Uniform Limited Liability Company Act

In December, 2006, the National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws promulgated a Revised Uniform Limited Liability Company Act (RULLCA). This article analyzes RULLCA's most important changes from the prior (1994) version of the Uniform Limited Liability Company Act. In general, these provisions raise significant questions and threaten to impose substantial risks and costs on limited liability companies. The article concludes that there is little reason for states to adopt the Act, and that practitioners should be wary about advising clients to form under it.
The Portrait of an Unknown South African: Identity in a Global Age

In September 1995, the South African National Gallery in Cape Town staged an exhibition titled “People’s Portraits.” While the aim of the show was clearly to depict an emergent nation, the clash of images suggested that the national self remained undefined. This was hardly surprising: the exhibition came at a time of epic transition and was itself the product of collaboration between two very different national institutions — the gallery, which had been a window of high culture in the neocolonial mode, and a critical newspaper, the Weekly Mail, that had long struggled to reveal the ordinary face of a diverse, suppressed population. As Jane Taylor notes, this contrast bequeathed two inimical styles of imagining a people. One, expressing the gallery’s sense of South Africa’s new national cultural identity, consisted of individual portraits, representing the “people” as a range of identities making up a multicultural aggregate. The second, faithful to a legacy of nationalist struggle, depicted a populace in its exemplary figures — heroes, martyrs, and ordinary citizens — all of them products of a particular political history. It was an uneasy juxtaposition that sparked its share of controversy. This story is instructive. It captures well the problem that surrounds the relation of persons and collectivities, “identity” and “citizenship,” in a rapidly changing world, a world that struggles ever more stridently over what Salman Rushdie has termed
Above-Ground Sulfur Cycling in Adjacent Coniferous and Deciduous Forests and Watershed Sulfur Retention in the Georgia Piedmont, U.S.A.

Atmospheric deposition and above-ground cycling of sulfur (S) were evaluated in adjacent deciduous and coniferous forests at the Panola Mountain Research Watershed (PMRW), Georgia, U.S.A. Total atmospheric S deposition (wet plus dry) was 12.9 and 12.7 kg ha-1 yr-1 for the deciduous and coniferous forests, respectively, from October 1987 through November 1989. Dry deposition contributes more than 40% to the total atmospheric S deposition, and SO2 is the major source (∼55%) of total dry S deposition. Dry deposition to these canopies is similar to regional estimates suggesting that 60-km proximity to emission sources does not noticeably impact dry deposition at PMRW. Below-canopy S fluxes (throughfall plus stemflow) in each forest are 37% higher annually in the deciduous forest than in the coniferous forest. An excess in below-canopy S flux in the deciduous forest is attributed to leaching and higher dry deposition than in the coniferous forest. Total S deposition to the forest floor by throughfall, stemflow and litterfall was 2.4 and 2.8 times higher in the deciduous and coniferous forests, respectively, than annual S growth requirement for foliage and wood. Although S deposition exceeds growth requirement, more than 95% of the total atmospheric S deposition was retained by the watershed in 1988 and 1989. The S retention at PMRW is primarily due to SO42- adsorption by iron oxides and hydroxides in watershed soils. The S content in white oak and loblolly pine boles have increased more than 200% in the last 20 yr, possibly reflecting increases in emissions.
Production and Purification of Large Amounts of Rous Sarcoma Virus

Procedures are described for production and purification of large amounts of Rous sarcoma virus. The virus was produced by Rous sarcoma virus-transformed chicken embryo fibroblasts in roller culture which produced up to 6 mg of virus per day per liter of supernatant fluid. Various methods of concentrating virus were evaluated; pelleting yielded the best results in terms of recovery of infectious virus. Purification was achieved by means of successive velocity and equilibrium density centrifugation by using sucrose solutions made in low-salt buffer. A rapid method for the optical density measurement of virus concentration was also developed.
The distribution, diversity, and importance of 16S rRNA gene introns in the order Thermoproteales

Intron sequences are common in 16S rRNA genes of specific thermophilic lineages of Archaea, specifically the Thermoproteales (phylum Crenarchaeota). Environmental sequencing (16S rRNA gene and metagenome) from geothermal habitats in Yellowstone National Park (YNP) has expanded the available datasets for investigating 16S rRNA gene introns. The objectives of this study were to characterize and curate archaeal 16S rRNA gene introns from high-temperature habitats, evaluate the conservation and distribution of archaeal 16S rRNA introns in geothermal systems, and determine which “universal” archaeal 16S rRNA gene primers are impacted by the presence of intron sequences. Several new introns were identified and their insertion loci were constrained to thirteen locations across the 16S rRNA gene. Many of these introns encode homing endonucleases, although some introns were short or partial sequences. Pyrobaculum, Thermoproteus, and Caldivirga 16S rRNA genes contained the most abundant and diverse intron sequences. Phylogenetic analysis of introns revealed that sequences within the same locus are distributed biogeographically. The most diverse set of introns were observed in a high-temperature, circumneutral (pH 6) sulfur sediment environment, which also contained the greatest diversity of different Thermoproteales phylotypes. The widespread presence of introns in the Thermoproteales indicates a high probability of misalignments using different “universal” 16S rRNA primers employed in environmental microbial community analysis. This article was reviewed by Dr. Eugene Koonin and Dr. W. Ford Doolittle.
Releasing Their Stories: A Qualitative Study of Juvenile Justice-Involved Youth with Histories of Mental Health Issues and Violence

Too often the narratives of youth self-exploration and experience are lost in a drive to prevent, diagnose, or respond to youth-led crime. This exploratory qualitative study looks at and documents the life histories of youth concurrently involved in the juvenile justice system and in clinical treatment independent of the crimes they committed. A purposive sample of 9 male juvenile-justice-involved youth with histories of mental health issues and violence were administered a semi-structured questionnaire. A content analysis of the youths' narratives revealed 3 major themes related to trauma and responses: (a) exposure to a violent world, (b) death and loss of significant others, and (c) positive–negative responses. The implications for forensic social work practice and policy with juvenile justice youth with histories of trauma are delineated.
Effect of Current Intensity on the As-Cast Structure of Cu-3.2%Ni-0.8%Si Alloy during Low Frequency Electromagnetic Casting

The effect of electromagnetic field on the solidification structure of Cu-3.2%Ni-0.8%Si alloy had been investigated in this paper. The results show that applying electromagnetic field during the solidification of Cu-3.2%Ni-0.8%Si alloy can refine as-cast structure and δ-Ni2Si phase. The morphology of δ-Ni2Si phase changes from coarse massive shape to fine dotlike shape. The above-mentioned effects become more obvious with the increasing in current intensity.
Chemiluminescent spectra and light yeilds from several low-pressure diffusion flames of alkaline-earth metal vapors

The chemiluminescent emission from diffusion flames of several oxidants reacting with alkaline-earth metal vapors has been studied at pressures between about 2×10 −3 and 0.2 Torr. Spectra have been recorded in the uv, visible, and near ir regions, and photon yeilds have been determined. BaO ( A-X ) photon yields from the reactions of Ba atoms with N 2 O and with NO 2 are found to be pressure-dependent, indicating a complex mechanistic route to BaO ( A 1 Σ + ). By combining our results with those at higher and lower pressures, obtained in other laboratories, it is possible to construct a preliminary kinetic model of these reaction systems and obtain some information on their electronic-state branching ratios, efficiencies of electronic-state transfer processes, and quenching efficiencies. Photon yields also have been measured in flames of Ba, Ca, or Sr with ONBr, and Ba or Ca with ONCl. The yields are generally of the order of 10 −3 or less at p ≈2–5×10 −2 Torr. They increase somewhat with total pressure (3×10 −3 to 0.25 Torr) in the two cases studied most extensively (Ba, Ca+ONCl), but scatter in the data has thus far prevented quantitative determination of the pressure dependence.
Power SVM: Generalization with exemplar classification uncertainty

The human vision tends to recognize more variants of a distinctive exemplar. This observation suggests that discriminative power of training exemplars could be utilized for shaping a desirable global classifier that generalizes maximally from a few exemplars. We propose to derive classification uncertainty for each exemplar, using a local classification task to separate the exemplar from those in other categories. We then design a global classifier by incorporating these uncertainties into constraints on the classifier margins. We show through the dual form that the classification criterion can be interpreted as finding closest points between convex hulls in the feature space augmented by classification uncertainty. We call this scheme Power SVM (as in Power Diagram), since each exemplar is no longer a singular point in the feature space, but a super-point with its own governing power in the classifier space. We test Power SVM on digit recognition, indoor-outdoor categorization, and large-scale scene classification tasks. It shows consistent improvement over SVM and uncertainty weighted SVM, especially when the number of training exemplars is small.
Neuro-endocrine and endocrine influences on the circulating blood elements.

THE complete blood count in patients with endocrine disorders frequently shows definite alterations from the normal pattern of circulating blood elements. Thus, in Cushing's syndrome due to either a lesion primary in the hypothalamus or to a tumor of the adrenal cortex, polycythemia, neutrophilia, lymphopenia and eosinopenia are frequent findings (De La Baize, et al., 1946). On the other hand, in Addison's disease anemia, lymphocytosis and neutropenia are rather characteristically found (De La Baize, Reifenstein and Albright, 1946, loc. cit.; Baez-Villasenor, Rath and Finch, 1948). Reference to these two endocrine disorders is made because Cushing's syndrome is associated with adrenal cortical overaction while Addison's disease is an expression of adrenal cortical hypofunction. In diseases of the thyroid gland, hypofunction may be associated with anemia (Minot, 1921; Bistrom, 1946). The white blood count may be elevated slightly but the differential count usually is not changed.
The Accuracy of the Body Adiposity Index for Predicting Body Fat Percentage in Collegiate Female Athletes

The body adiposity index (BAI) is a new simplistic method for predicting body fat percentage (BF%) via a simple equation of hip circumference to height. A scientific study of this novel method in athletic groups is warranted because of the possibility of it serving as an inexpensive field technique. The purpose of this study was to cross-validate the BAI for predicting BF% in a group of collegiate female athletes by using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) as the criterion variable. Thirty college-aged female athletes (age = 20.0 ± 1.3 years) participated in this study. For each participant, BF% was obtained with the BAI method and compared with DXA. The mean BF% was 27.1 ± 3.4 by the BAI and 26.7 ± 5.9 from DXA, which was not significantly different (p > 0.05). However, the BAI did not provide a significant correlation with the DXA (r = 0.28, R2 = 0.08, p > 0.05) and resulted in a standard error of estimate = 5.78% and total error = 5.84%. Bland-Altman plot showed that the limits of agreement (95% confidence intervals) between the DXA and BAI ranged between -10.2 and 11.8%, and there was a significant negative association between the difference and mean of the 2 methods (r = -0.52, p < 0.01). The results of this investigation indicate that BAI results in large individual errors when predicting BF% in female athletes and has a tendency to provide overestimated values as BF% decreases. Therefore, this method should not be used for predicting individual BF% in athletic women.
Human control of the skateboard.

Abstract Human control of the skateboard is investigated by modeling the rider as a single, rigid body pinned to the board along the roll axis. Human input is taken to be a torque applied at the ankles. The equations of the nonholonomic rider-board system are presented and a simple tracking task is established. Its dynamics are augmented by those of the skateboard and rider to describe the complete system in the tracking mode. Several control schemes are discussed. Under certain conditions, simple proportional feedback control of rider tilt angle can stabilize roll motion of the vehicle, but in the most general case full state feedback is required. In the complete state feedback case, a performance index for the tracking task is defined and the minimizing feedback gains determined. Time simulations of the tracking task using the optimal feeback gains are shown. Experimental results are presented which tend to validate the theory.
Identification of a region of the HSV-1 genome with helper activity for AAV

Abstract A specific fragment of the herpes simplex virus type I genome has been shown to have the ability to provide helper activity for adeno-associated virus replication. Restriction endonuclease generated DNA fragments from either herpes viral DNA or recombinant plasmids were transfected into cultured cells. The cells were then infected with adeno-associated virus, and helper activity was detected by fluorescent antibody staining of the cells for adeno-associated virus infected antigens. The region with AAV helper activity is 1.75 kb in size and makes up only about 1% of the HSV-1 genome. It is located between map coordinates 0.316 and 0.327 on the prototype arrangement of the HSV-1 genome and is the first function to be mapped in this region.
An RNA extraction protocol for shellfish-borne viruses.

Abstract The GPTT virus RNA extraction method, originally developed for extraction of human norovirus and hepatitis A virus RNAs from contaminated shellfish, was evaluated for extraction of RNA from Aichi virus strain A846/88 (AiV), coxsackievirus strains A9 (CAV9) and B5 (CBV5), murine norovirus (strain MNV-1), and the norovirus surrogate, feline calicivirus (FCV) strain KCD, for the purpose of RT-PCR detection within seeded oyster ( Crassostrea virginica ) extracts. The RT-PCR equivalent sensitivities observed within seeded oysters as compared to virus stocks were 0.68, 6.8, 26, 5.6, and 14.5 RT-PCR 50 units when assaying 10% of total RNA extracted from seeded oyster extracts for CAV9, CBV5, AiV, FCV, and MNV-1, respectively. For oysters exposed to virus-contaminated seawater, the detection equivalent sensitivities observed were 680, 68, 2600, 560, and 14.5 RT-PCR 50 for CAV9, CBV5, AiV and FCV, and MNV-1, respectively. These results indicate that the GPTT method can be used as a general viral RNA extraction method for multiple picornaviruses and caliciviruses that could potentially contaminate shellfish.
Conjunctival and nailfold microcirculation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and normal subjects.

SummaryIn vivo microscopic study of grossly normal areas of the bulbar conjunctivae and nailfolds of 13 patients with classical rheumatoid arthritis and 12 age-matched normal controls showed no differences in small vessel tortuosity or erythrocyte aggregation that could be helpful in diagnosis or that would suggest a role, pathogenetic or otherwise, of a generalized microvascular alteration.A striking degree of bulbar conjunctival tortuosity was seen in both controls and rheumatoid patients. Arteriolar erythrocyte aggregation was commonly seen in vivo in both groups, but could rarely be documented photographically with the techniques used. Focal venular dilatations and prominence of bulbar conjunctival capillaries were seen somewhat more commonly in the patients with rheumatoid arthritis and may be of possible significance. Observed findings could not be shown to correlate with any of the variables studied.
Adsorption of hydrogen on platinum

Abstract The adsorption of H2 and D2 on Pt field emitters has been studied from 4.2 to 320 K. Adsorption of a full layer at low temperature leads to a work function decrease of Δφ = − 0.3 eV relative to clean Pt. On heating φ increases gradually and reaches a maximum Δφ = 0.15 eV at 250 K. Desorption is complete at 320 K. There is no adsorption hysteresis. The electronegative entity has a heat of adsorption of 16 kcal/mole, the electropositive species shows a spread in adsorption energies ranging from very low values corresponding to physisorption to a maximum of 15 kcal/mole. These results confirm Mignolet's findings of a moderately bound electronegative component at low and a weakly bound electropositive component at high coverages. Arguments are presented to identify the electronegative component with chemisorbed H atoms and the electropositive component with H2 held by charge transfer forces. Diffusion for the electropositive component sets in at > 20 K; diffusion for the electronegative species commences at 100 K, corresponding to an activation energy of roughly 4.5 kcal, or to a ratio of solE diff E ads = 0.08 , if the diffusing species is H.
Making sense of man's universe

The Little Universe of Man. By C. D. Darlington. Pp. 307. (George Allen and Unwin: London, 1978.) £6.95.
Interpreting eye movements with process models

Though eye movements provide a wealth of information about how humans interact with computers, the analysis of eye movement data can be extremely tedious and timeconsuming. This paper outlines an automated approach to tracing eye movements, that is, interpreting eye movement protocols based on an underlying process model. The proposed tracing methods utilize techniques such as hidden Markov models to relate observed eye movement protocols to the predictions of the process model. These methods have been applied successfully in the domain of equation solving and will be extended to several other task domains.
Interpersonal cognitive self-focus as a function of neuroticism: Basal tendencies and priming effects

Self-focus is one mechanism that may account for the social-evaluative anxiety of individuals high in neuroticism. The present two studies (total N = 183) sought to cognitively model interpersonal self-focus. The cognitive task was a simple one in which participants simply categorized dyadic interpersonal pronouns, with reaction times as the dependent measure. When others engage us, the pronoun “me” refers to the other and the pronoun “you” refers to the self. Study 1 found a neuroticism by pronoun interaction on categorization time consistent with implicit interpersonal self-focus at high (but not low) levels of neuroticism establishing a basal tendency. Study 2 examined boundary conditions. Individuals high in neuroticism exhibited implicit self-focus particularly to the extent that they had been primed to think of themselves as submissive rather than dominant in their interpersonal interactions. Implications for understanding neuroticism, self-focus, and relationship functioning are discussed.
ELECTRON-PHOTON ENERGIES IN EXTENSIVE AIR SHOWERS,

Average electron and photon energies are found at various distances from the cores of extensive air showers by comparing the multiplicities produced under different thicknesses of lead and of water absorbers as measured through the use of two large scintillators. For distances from 2.3·10−2 to 1.4·10−1 shower units from the cores of showers of 105 to 107 particles the total energy carried by electrons and photons per electron is found to be 61(r/r2)−0.74 MeV per electron. The ratio of the average photon energy to the average electron energy is found to vary from 1.5 to 3.3 at different distances. Transition curves obtained with different thicknesses of water as absorber are used to show that for showers of 4.6·104 particles a total of 1.5·1012 eV is expended in the production of pions per nuclear interaction to give an inelasticity of 0.33.
Inference for post-change mean by a CUSUM procedure

In this paper, the inference problem for the post-change mean is considered after a change is detected by a CUSUM process in a sequence of independent normal variables. The change-point is estimated as the maximum likelihood estimate at the reference value and the post-change mean is estimated as the sample mean after the change-point estimate. By assuming the change-point is large and the monitoring limit approaches infinity, the first-order bias of the post-change mean estimate and a corrected asymptotic normal pivot are derived conditioning on that a change is detected. Local approximations for small reference value and post-change mean are obtained for numerical evaluation.
Optical function spectra and bandgap energy of Cu2SnSe3

We present the optical function spectra of Cu2SnSe3 determined from 0.30 to 6.45 eV by spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) at room temperature. We analyze the SE data using the Tauc-Lorentz model and obtain the direct-bandgap energy of 0.49 ± 0.02 eV, which is much smaller than the previously known value of 0.84 eV for the monoclinic-phase Cu2SnSe3. We also perform density-functional theory calculations to obtain the complex dielectric function data, and the results show good agreement with the experimental spectrum. Finally, we discuss the electronic origin of the main optical structures.
Porcine thyroid fucosidase

Abstract An α- l -fucosidase (α- l -fucoside fucohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.51) has been isolated from porcine thyroid tissue and purified 10 800-fold using a combination of ion exchange, affinity and molecular sieve chromatography. The enzyme appears homogeneous by SDS electrophoresis but isoelectric focusing procedures detect considerable heterogeneity. The enzyme is a glycoprotein and this fact interferes with accurate molecular weight estimates by SDS electrophoresis or molecular sieve techniques. The enzyme appears, however, to be a tetramer and density gradient measurements set its molecular weight at 19200 ± 3000. The enzyme exhibits an optimum at a pH of 5.1 and shows a high order of specificity for l -fucose units linked through α bonds. Both sulfhydryl and carboxyl groups appear necessary for enzyme activity. The enzyme does not attack intact thyroglobulin directly but will remove fucosyl residues from the glycome moiety if the protein portion is largely removed. The enzyme thus functions in a salvage role as thyroglobulin is degraded.
The african organization for research and training in cancer.

Elsewhere in this issue, Mohammed and colleagues describe the African Organization for Research and Training in Cancer (aortic). This all-volunteer nongovernmental organization has a 30-year history of idealism transformed into action. Its accomplishments, although still a work in progress, are meaningful. The challenges are many in a massive continent of 55 nations with major deficits in personnel, education, transportation, resources, stable governments, and economic organization. The aortic conferences, held every second year, provide a venue in which the U.S. National Cancer Institute, the International Agency for Research on Cancer, the Union Internationale Contre le Cancer, the World Health Organization, the American Association for Cancer Research, the American Cancer Society, the American Society of Clinical Oncology, the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer, universities, and major international pharmaceutical firms can focus their financial and intellectual participation in the African effort. Africans have an opportunity to present their work and to create friendships with fellow Africans and with foreigners. Emphasis is placed on diseases that are prominent in African nations. Training courses in surgical techniques and medical oncology have been sponsored independently and collaboratively in several regions in Africa. Education, training, and advocacy for palliative care have been undertaken. Telemedicine training in cervical cancer has extended competence against this important disease in Africa. Because the ratio of medical and nursing personnel to patient load is woefully inadequate, aortic has conducted innovative trials in cancer diagnosis and delivery of care by nonprofessionals. In addition, aortic has begun to inform African political leaders of the present crisis and the impending deluge of patients. As sanitation, perinatal care, nutrition, and control of infectious diseases improve, more people will survive into their senior years. Based solely on an aging population, let alone the adoption of the unhealthy habits of the more developed world, including tobacco, the cancer burden will inexorably increase sharply in coming decades, overwhelming current resources. Inviting the participation of physicians, scientists, nurses, government officials, foundations, and philanthropists, aortic welcomes all who can and will help in this noble enterprise. Some cancers elude prevention or cure in the world’s most advanced cultures. However, there is no acceptable basis on which Africans should suffer and die from those cancers that the developed world knows how to prevent or cure. Such a continental disparity is ethically intolerable. The ultimate goal of aortic is to establish in Africa the capacity to achieve world-equivalent competence by Africans for Africans. The interim efforts by the developed world are necessary to reach that goal as early as possible. Those who would like to participate can engage at http://www.AORTIC-Africa.org.
Dynamic Bayesian learning by expectation propagation

For modeling time-series data, it is natural to use directed graphical models, since they can capture the time flow. If arcs of a graphical model are all directed both within and between time-slice, the model is called dynamic Bayesian network (DBN). Dynamic Bayesian networks are becoming increasingly important for research and applications in the area of machine learning, artificial intelligence and signal processing. It has several advantages over other data analysis methods including rule bases, neural network, decision trees, etc. In this paper, there explored dynamic Bayesian learning over DBNs by a new deterministic approximate inference method called Expectation Propagation (EP). EP is an extension of belief propagation and is developed in machine learning. A crucial step of EP is the likelihoods recycling, which makes possible further improvement over the extended Kalman smoother. This study examined EP solutions to a non-linear state-space model and compared its performance with other inference methods such as particle filter, extended Kalman filter, etc.
Recall of Schematic and Non-Schematic Material Related to Threat in Blood Fearful and Nonfearful Individuals

The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that blood fearful and nonfearful individuals would be differentiated by their pattern of recall of schematic and non-schematic prose material. Blood fearful (n=36) and nonfearful (n=40) individuals were presented with five prose passages describing harm or injury. Nine sentences in each passage described events representative of the schema content of most individuals, whereas six sentences in each passage described events that are not representative of typical schema content. Participants read passages that either described themselves experiencing the situations or described themselves witnessing others in the situations and completed a free recall task in both immediate (i.e. 2 minutes) and delayed (i.e. one week) recall conditions. Results did not replicate studies from the cognitive psychology literature on which this study was based. Instead, participants who read passages describing themselves in these situations recalled the gist of the material more accurately than participants who read passages in which they witnessed another individual in the situation. Blood fearful participants recalled the affective tone of neutral passages less accurately than nonfearful participants. Results suggest that activation of schema content has little influence on memory performance, although assessing the affective tone of recalled material detected subtle differences in memory performance between fearful and nonfearful groups.
Near Real-time Data Analysis of Core-collapse Supernova Simulations with Bellerophon

Abstract We present an overview of a software system, Bellerophon, built to support a production-level HPC application called CHIMERA, which simulates core-collapse supernova events at the petascale. Developed over the last four years, Bellerophon enables CHIMERA's geographically dispersed team of collaborators to perform data analysis in near real-time. Its n-tier architecture provides an encapsulated, end-to-end software solution that enables the CHIMERA team to quickly and easily access highly customizable animated and static views of results from anywhere in the world via a web- deliverable, cross-platform desktop application. In addition, Bellerophon addresses software engineering tasks for the CHIMERA team by providing an automated mechanism for performing regression testing on a variety of supercomputing platforms. Elements of the team's workflow management needs are met with software tools that dynamically generate code repository statistics, access important online resources, and monitor the current status of several supercomputing resources.
Immunoelectron microscopic localization of the opioid growth factor receptor (OGFr) and OGF in the cornea

This study was conducted to determine the cellular and subcellular location(s) of the opioid growth factor receptor (OGFr), and the opioid growth factor (OGF), [Met(5)]-enkephalin, in the corneal epithelium. Laser scanning confocal microscopy analysis revealed that both OGFr and OGF were colocalized in the paranuclear cytoplasm and cell nuclei in basal, as well as suprabasal, cells of adult rat corneal epithelium. Using a postembedding immunogold procedure for immunoelectron microscopy that included embedding in Unicryl, both single- and double-face labeling studies were performed. Immunogold labeling of OGFr was detected on the outer nuclear envelope, in the paranuclear cytoplasm proximal to the nuclear envelope, perpendicular to the nuclear envelope in a putative nuclear pore complex, and within the nucleus adjacent to heterochromatin. Immunoreactivity for OGF was noted in locations similar to that for OGFr. In addition, aggregates of staining for OGF were found throughout the cytoplasm, including subjacent to the plasma membrane. Double labeling experiments revealed that complexes of OGF-OGFr were colocalized on the outer nuclear envelope, in the paranuclear cytoplasm, extending across the nuclear pore complex, and in the nucleus. Anti-OGFr IgG by itself, but not anti-OGF IgG alone, was associated with the outer nuclear envelope, and uncomplexed OGF immunoreactivity was detected in the cytoplasm in dual labeling experiments. These results based on complementary approaches of confocal microscopy and immunoelectron microscopy, suggest that: (i) OGFr resides on the outer nuclear envelope, (ii) OGF interacts with OGFr at the outer nuclear envelope, (iii) the colocalized receptor and peptide translocates between the cytoplasm and the nucleus at the nuclear pore, and (iv) signal transduction for modulation of cell proliferation necessitates a peptide-receptor complex that interfaces with chromatin in the nucleus.
Drug interactions: mechanisms and management.

A drug interaction is caused when one medication affects the action of another medication. Drug interactions can occur through an alteration in drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion; through an alteration in the pharmacologic action of a medication; or through alteration of a special condition necessary for the action of another medication. Drug interaction detection involves awareness of the problem, adequate medication records, and access to reference materials. The manifestations of drug interactions are often quite varied and can represent anything from a minor to a major clinical problem. Nurses should be aware of the importance of medication record keeping as well as actively involved in seeing that such records are accurately maintained. The management of drug interactions, once detected, is a team effort involving the physician, the nurse, and other health personnel such as the pharmacist. Sophisticated computerized systems for maintaining medication records and for detecting dr...
Intolerance of uncertainty and uncertainty-related attentional biases: Evidence of facilitated engagement or disengagement difficulty?

We first examined the association between intolerance of uncertainty (IU) and a possible uncertainty-related attentional bias, and second tested whether one or more specific attentional processes—facilitated engagement or disengagement difficulty—accounted for the association. Next, we examined whether this attentional bias was specific to IU or if it was attributable to anxiety, depression, or general distress. Students (N = 104) completed questionnaires and a visual search task (VST) with a lexical decision component. For the VST, participants were asked to determine whether a target stimulus that was embedded in a matrix of distracting stimuli was a word or nonword. Results were that IU correlated significantly with facilitated engagement toward, but not with disengagement difficulty from, uncertainty stimuli. IU, particularly the inhibitory dimension, continued to correlate significantly with facilitated engagement after controlling for anxiety, depression, or general distress. Conceptual and therapeutic implications of these results are discussed.
Collagenase in Keloid Biopsies and Fibroblasts

Trypsin-activated collagenase activity was analyzed in media from keloid biopsies as well as keloid fibroblasts using radiolabeled guinea pig skin collagen as a substrate for collagenase digestion.Collagenase activity per tissue dry weight and DNA was similar in keloid and normal dermal biopsies; however, it was significantly elevated in keloid compared to normal dermal fibroblast media. In two paired cell lines where keloid and normal dermal fibroblasts were isolated from the same patient, relative collagen synthesis and trypsin-activated collagenase were increased to a similar extent in the keloid cell lines compared to normals.The biopsy data are in agreement with other findings, and further confirm the hypothesis that increased collagen deposition in keloids does not result from decreased collagen degradation. In vitro, however, the data presented here indicate that in some cell lines increased collagen synthesis may be associated with increased trypsin-activated collagenase.
Diffractive ππ scattering in πN → ππN at 13.1 (GeV/c)

Abstract Data on diffractive ππ scattering in the reactions π + p → π + π 0 p, π + p → π + π + n and π + n → π + π − p are presented and discussed in terms of a factorized double-exchange model involving OPE and Pomeranchuk plus exchange-degenerate ϱ, f contributions.
Changes in Swedish Workers' Compensation: An American Perspective

AbstractIn response to escalating costs, substantial changes are being made to the Swedish workers' compensation insurance system. They include increased employer responsibility for sick leave payments, longer waiting periods, benefit reductions, tightened criteria for determining work-relatedness, and decreased support for worksite occupational health services. These changes will make Sweden's system more closely resemble the arrangement that has traditionally existed in the United States. Experience in the United States can illustrate the potential benefits and problems inherent in the Swedish changes. Some of the potential dangers are greater difficulty in determining the true costs of work injuries, less emphasis on prevention, increased pressure for the premature return to work of injured workers, and heightened dissention between patients, doctors, and social insurance officers. Collective discussion of these potential problems by Swedish employers, workers, doctors, social insurance officers, and g...