cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the Basal View and a Previously Standardized Cleft Lip Rating Scale.

OBJECTIVES Numerous scales assessing the aesthetics of cleft lip repair exist. Most, including the Asher-McDade scale, use frontal and lateral views, while neglecting a basal view. We believe this view is important for properly assessing the aesthetics of repair. In this study, we evaluate the basal view in comparison to the Asher-McDade scale. METHODS This scale was based on progressive columellar shortening and alar flaring/slumping. A panel of 4 plastic surgeons applied the basal and Asher-McDade scales to pictures of patients with repaired unilateral cleft lip in 56 multiethnic participants aged 5 years to 18 years; images were scored from 1 to 5 (best). Statistical analysis was done via Spearman correlation. RESULTS Scores from plastic surgeons correlated strongly for each view. There was moderate correlation for the basal view with both nasal form and deviation scores ( P < .05). As expected, there were no strong correlations between the basal view and vermillion border or profile. DISCUSSION The Asher-McDade scale has been used to evaluate cleft lift repairs but is limited due to its subjective nature. The basal view scale grades these repairs by using a scale of progressive columellar shortening and alar flaring/slumping, which provides an opportunity for quantification and standardization. Our results show that the basal view correlates with the Asher-McDade scale among raters, thus providing an objective and validated measure of cleft lip repair.
How Does Juvenile Offending Relate to Mothers' Aspirations and Expectations for Their Sons?

Mothers of 317 first-time juvenile offenders (M = 15.35 years old) were interviewed over 2.5 years about their expectations and aspirations for their sons' futures. Mothers' expectations were lower than their aspirations, reflecting a discrepancy between what mothers felt was important for their child's future and what they considered likely to happen. As their children continued to engage in delinquent acts, mothers' expectations for their sons' future success diminished. Youth age moderated the association between delinquency and maternal expectations, such that when perceived delinquency was high, expectations were lower for mothers of young sons compared to mothers of older sons. These findings carry implications for practice and intervention, as parent expectations and aspirations are both directly and indirectly associated with youth achievement.
Telomere attrition is associated with declines in medial temporal lobe volume and white matter microstructure in functionally independent older adults.

Although leukocyte telomere length (TL) shortens over the lifespan and is associated with diseases of aging, little is known about the relationships between TL, memory, and brain structure. Sixty-nine functionally normal older adults (mean age = 71.7) were assessed at 2 time points (mean interval = 2.9 years). Linear mixed models assessed relationships between TL and hippocampal volume, fractional anisotropy, and mean diffusivity (MD) of the fornix and verbal and visual episodic memory. Unstandardized coefficients are reported in the following, and p values are not corrected for multiple comparisons. A negative baseline trend was observed between TL and fornix MD (b = -0.01, p = 0.06), but no other cross-sectional associations were significant (ps > 0.16). Greater TL shortening at follow-up was associated with greater hippocampal volume loss (b = 27.09, p 0.23). These relationships may reflect neurobiological influences that affect both TL and brain structure, as well as the effect of TL on brain aging via mechanisms such as cellular senescence and inflammation.
Power Packaging Typical Reliability and Test

Power semiconductors used in various high power electronics are exposed to different conditions as compared to plastic encapsulated package used for regular IC such as in the communication electronics. Controlling and converting high power simultaneously requires reliable control of both high voltage and high current. Control of electrical drives additionally results in frequent repetition of switch-on and switch-off processes that must meet special demands with respect to the internal mechanical design. While the low electrical losses occurring in components might be applied for communication electronics, these can be in the order of 100 W or higher power semiconductor components. These really considerable losses existing during the entire operation time of a converter must be dissipated to the environment by cooling surfaces. The semiconductors must be designed in the interior such as to withstand the continuously arising temperature gradients resulting from the losses in power cycling, and to satisfy various reliability tests in both component and board level.
Neurophysiological Monitoring During Neurosurgery for Movement Disorders

Publisher Summary In stereotactic procedures for the treatment of medically refractory movement disorders, intraoperative neurophysiology shifts its focus from simply monitoring the effects of surgery to actually guiding the surgeon's actions. The small size, poor visualization, and physiological nature of these deep brain targets compel the surgeon to rely on some form of physiological confirmation of proper anatomical targeting, whether a neuroablative or deep brain stimulation procedure is being performed. This chapter reviews the history of movement disorder surgery; the current physiological rationale for surgical intervention in cases of medically refractory Parkinson's disease, dystonia, and essential tremor; and the various neurophysiological monitoring methods employed during these so-called functional neurosurgical procedures. The neurophysiologic techniques used in the operating room require trained and skilled personnel, not only to acquire but also to interpret the data. The main feature of reliable microelectrode systems for neurophysiological targeting of deep brain structure is the quality of the recorded signal. This is more important than any of the fashionable features that many manufacturers offer. Finally, this chapter presents the most common surgeries currently employed and reviews their preferred surgical techniques.
Simulating Movement Interactions Between Avatars & Agents in Virtual Worlds Using Human Motion Constraints

We present an interactive algorithm to generate plausible movements for human-like agents interacting with other agents or avatars in a virtual environment. Our approach takes into account high-dimensional human motion constraints and bio-mechanical constraints to compute collision-free trajectories for each agent. We present a novel full-body movement constrained-velocity computation algorithm that can easily be combined with many existing motion synthesis techniques. Compared to prior local navigation methods, our formulation reduces artefacts that arise in dense scenarios and close interactions, and results in smoother and plausible locomotive behaviors. We have evaluated the benefits of our new algorithm in single-agent and multi-agent environments. We investigated the perception of a single agent's movements in dense scenarios and observed that our algorithm has a strong positive effect on the perceived quality of the simulation. Our approach also allows the user to interact with the agents from a first-person perspective in immersive settings. We conducted a study to investigate the perception of such avatar-agent interactions, and found that interactions generated using our approach lead to an increase in the user's sense of co-presence.
FORO DE REFLEXIÓN Y DEBATE: LAS PERSONAS, EL CENTRO DE LAS EMPRESAS

Se establece un foro de reflexion y debate multidisciplinar y multiprofesional para debatir y definir indicadores relevantesy significativos que faciliten la identificacion, diferenciacion y promocion de las empresas inclusivas. En coherencia conuna revision bibliografica exhaustiva previa, se enfoca el debate a traves de cuatro ejes: empresas inclusivas, equiposde trabajo, responsabilidad social corporativa y marketing responsable. En las conclusiones se destacan una serie decaracteristicas diferenciales de las empresa inclusiva: a) Empresa Abierta: con capacidad de escucha, transparente,en coherencia con la sociedad, comprometida y responsable; b) Liderazgo que inspira, legitima y estimula; c) Trabajoen equipos manejados por valores; d) Remuneracion de forma justa a sus trabajadores; d) Creacion de un entornoque respete y fomente la igualdad y la diversidad y la no discriminacion en ninguna forma; e) Garantiza la accesibilidaduniversal; f) Fomenta la atencion medica y de salud para garantizar la higiene y la seguridad en el trabajo; g) Promuevela conciliacion de la vida laboral y familiar asi como el teletrabajo; h) Fomenta la actualizacion continua y el reciclaje;i) Promueve el desarrollo profesional; j) Ahonda en las relaciones con la comunidad fomentando el voluntariado, losdonativos, etc. k) Se preocupa por el bienestar de sus equipos; l) Trata a sus trabajadores, clientes y proveedoresde forma justa y m) Tiene la responsabilidad social corporativa como principio, integrada en sus fundamentos. Ladefinicion de indicadores cuantitativos y cualitativos permitira disponer de una herramienta de direccion empresarialentorno a la gestion de las personas en las organizaciones. La reflexion, el debate y el conocimiento generado en esteforo de expertos persigue la transferencia sobre cuatro ambitos: investigacion, educacion, emprendimiento y empresa.
Amphotericin B and Fluconazole Affect Cellular Charge, Macrophage Phagocytosis, and Cellular Morphology of Cryptococcus neoformans at Subinhibitory Concentrations

Amphotericin B (AmB) and fluconazole (FLU) are the major antifungal drugs used in the treatment of cryptococcosis. Both drugs are believed to exert their antifungal effects through actions on cell membrane sterols. In this study we investigated whether AmB and FLU had other, more subtle effects on C. neoformans that could contribute to their therapeutic efficacy. C. neoformans cells were grown in media with subinhibitory concentrations of either AmB or FLU and analyzed for cellular charge, phagocytosis by macrophages with antibody and complement opsonins, appearance by scanning electron and light microscopies, and release of the capsular polysaccharide glucuronoxylomannan into the culture medium. Growth in the presence of either AmB or FLU resulted in major reductions in cellular charge, as measured by determination of the zeta potential. Phagocytosis studies demonstrated that exposure of C. neoformans to subinhibitory concentrations of AmB or FLU enhanced phagocytosis by macrophages. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that a large proportion of cells had an altered capsular appearance. Cells grown in medium with either AmB or FLU were smaller and released more glucuronoxylomannan into the culture medium than cells grown without antibiotics. The results suggest additional mechanisms of action for AmB and FLU that may be operative in body compartments where drug levels do not achieve the MICs. Furthermore, the results suggest mechanisms by which AmB and FLU can cooperate with humoral and cellular immune defense systems in controlling C. neoformans infections.
Paradoxical bradycardia and hemorrhagic shock

Hypotension, poor peripheral perfusion, and tachycardia are the most common presenting signs of hemorrhagic shock. Many patients fail to show initial signs of tachycardia and paradoxically present with bradycardia. An 81-year-old man presenting with lower gastrointestinal bleed showed initial vital signs significant for tachycardia and normal blood pressure. After resuscitation with fluids and blood products, his heart rate stabilized to between 64 and 86 bpm. It later dropped to 30 bpm, which improved after administration of atropine. The patient soon experienced two episodes of hematochezia. The paradoxical bradycardia proved to be a false reassurance that the hemorrhage had resolved. Identification of paradoxical bradycardia is important in suspecting ongoing gastrointestinal hemorrhage.
Synergistic effects of corrosion and slow strain rate loading on the mechanical and electrochemical response of an aluminium alloy

Abstract Tensile specimens of an aluminium alloy, AA7075, with grains aligned parallel to the tensile axis are subjected to a range of slow strain rate tensile loading in a very low pH corrosive environment. The degradation in mechanical response together with the emerging electrochemical characteristics of the material using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) are characterized. The EIS measurements coupled with the post-mortem microscopic characterization of the specimens provide an unprecedented view of all the interfacial phenomena affecting the mechanical response of the material. A failure mechanism of the material under consideration is proposed and rationalized by a qualitative fracture mechanics analysis.
Performance of a shoulder belt and knee restraint in barrier crash simulations

Simulated frontal barrier crash experiments were conducted with unembalmed human cadavers and an anthropomorphic dummy restrained by a two-point shoulder belt. In the first test, an experimental bolster was specifically positioned so that the cadaver's lower leg would strike the bolster, thus inducing restraining loads entirely below the knee joint. The analysis of occupant kinematics showed that the flexed knee rode over and forward of the low-positioned bolster. Restraint induced considerable shearing load across the knee joint. Factors influencing the performance of a shoulder belt and knee restraint system were studied in the remaining experiments. Positioning the bolster to provide full knee contact and early femoral loading, and orienting the bolster face to reduce knee joint shear loads were identified as important parameters for improved performance of the knee restraint in these tests. Language: en
Design of Inhibitors of Amyloid-β Misfolding and Aggregation for Alzheimer's Therapy

Alzheimer’s disease (AD), which afflicts an estimated 16 million people worldwide (Refolo & Fillit, 2004), is the most common cause of dementia in the elderly. By 2050, the number of people with AD is expected to triple, placing an enormous burden on the health care and social care systems. This neurodegenerative disorder is characterized clinically by progressive loss of memory, language problems, social withdrawal, and deterioration of executive functions, and eventually culminates in death (Citron, 2002). Most AD cases are sporadic, with multiple risk factors, such as aging, environmental stress, and diet. The remaining AD cases, which account for 5–10% of total AD cases, are inherited from one generation to the next and are referred to as familial AD (FAD). The major neuropathological features of AD are synaptic and neuronal degeneration and presence of two different protein deposits: amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). The major protein component of plaques is the amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) (Glenner & Wong, 1984; Selkoe, 1994). NFTs are composed of hyperphosphorylated forms of the microtubule-binding protein tau (Grundke-Iqbal et al., 1986). These two insoluble protein aggregates are believed to play critical roles in AD neurodegenerative process. However, the exact molecular mechanisms by which they cause neurodegeneration remain to be definitively established.
A 2-way 7.3-bit 10 GS/s Time-based Folding ADC with Passive Pulse-Shrinking Cells

This paper presents a two-way time-based folding ADC that uses a passive pulse shrinking (PPS) technique to quantize fine time resolution with a purely passive R-C network. A time folding, and subtraction circuit is introduced to further increase the dynamic range of the ADC without adding more PPS cells. The prototype is implemented in 65nm CMOS and achieves 32.5dB SNDR at 5.001GHz input frequency with the sampling rate of 10GS/s while consuming 29.7mW and occupying an area of 0.015mm2, yielding an FOM of 86fJ/c-step.
Chapter 4 Toward A Market Epistemology of the Platform Economy

Abstract The platform economy reflects the business model of some of the largest and fastest-growing firms in the economy. Platform business models emerge and thrive because of the potential profit in taking advantage of transactions cost reductions to connect people for mutual benefit, and this value creation is best understood by thinking about the epistemology of decentralized market processes. Three essential aspects of knowledge are relevant to platform business models: (1) knowledge can be private and diffuse; (2) knowledge can be contextual; and (3) knowledge may not exist outside of the economic process. After defining and analyzing the technology, economic, and institutional aspects of platforms the author defines and applies market epistemology to explore how platforms harness technological and organizational features to create value-enhancing market platforms by exploiting the epistemic benefits of technology-enabled decentralized market processes. The author concludes by using this epistemic framework to propose an electricity distribution platform business model – the retail electricity industry is undergoing a process of technological dynamism, and as a regulated infrastructure industry, evolving into a decentralized market industry is presenting challenges to which this epistemic framework can bring increased understanding.
Influence of hospital teaching status on the chance to achieve a textbook outcome after hepatopancreatic surgery for cancer among Medicare beneficiaries.

Abstract Background Assessing composite measures of quality such as textbook outcome may be superior to focusing on individual parameters when evaluating hospital performance. The aim of the current study was to assess the impact of teaching hospital status on the occurrence of a textbook outcome after hepatopancreatic surgery. Methods The Medicare Inpatient Standard Analytic Files were used to identify patients undergoing hepatopancreatic surgery from 2013 to 2015 for a malignant indication. Stratified and multivariable regression analyses were performed to determine the relationship between teaching hospital status, hospital surgical volume and textbook outcome. Results Among 8,035 Medicare patients (hepatectomy; 41.8%, pancreatectomy; 58.2%), 6,196 (77.1%) patients underwent surgery at a major teaching hospital, whereas 1,839 (22.9%) patients underwent surgery at a minor teaching hospital. Patients undergoing surgery for pancreatic cancer at a major teaching hospital had a greater likelihood of achieving a textbook outcome compared with patients treated at a minor teaching hospital (minor teaching hospital: 456, 40% versus major teaching hospital: 1,606, 45.4%; P = .002). The likelihood of textbook outcome was also greater among patients undergoing hepatopancreatic surgery at high-volume centers (pancreas, low volume: 875, 40.5% versus high volume: 1,187, 47.1% P Conclusion The odds of achieving a textbook outcome after pancreatic and hepatic surgery was greater at major versus minor teaching hospitals; however, this effect was largely mediated by hepatopancreatic procedural volume. Patients and payers should focus on regionalization of pancreatic and liver resection to high-volume centers in an effort to optimize the chances of achieving a textbook outcome.
Chapter 10 – Walter Mischel

Even though only one example of Mischel writing on religion could be found, his work has spawned much research. His research article covered the spirit possession of the Shango worshippers. Mischel provided detailed descriptions of the rituals associated with possession based on learning theory. The article on spirit possession was written prior to his development of his social-cognitive learning theory. Largely through the work of Ralph Hood and Paul Williamson in the areas of glossolalia and serpent handling, social scientists who study the religious practices of the world are more likely to be more receptive and appreciative of differing religious practices. Their multilevel interdisciplinary paradigm for studying religion serves as an example for future research in religion/spirituality. Indirect and direct evidence exists to suggest that Mischel’s concept of delay of gratification operates as a mediating variable between religiosity and health.
Multitissue Multiomics Systems Biology to Dissect Complex Diseases

Most complex diseases involve genetic and environmental risk factors, engage multiple cells and tissues, and follow a polygenic or omnigenic model depicting numerous genes contributing to pathophysiology. These multidimensional complexities pose challenges to traditional approaches that examine individual factors. In turn, multitissue multiomics systems biology has emerged to comprehensively elucidate within- and cross-tissue molecular networks underlying gene-by-environment interactions and contributing to complex diseases. The power of systems biology in retrieving novel insights and formulating new hypotheses has been well documented. However, the field faces various challenges that call for debate and action. In this opinion article, I discuss the concepts, benefits, current state, and challenges of the field and point to the next steps toward network-based systems medicine.
Organizational outcomes and impacts of employee attendance at the municipal forestry institute leadership course

Abstract The Municipal Forestry Institute (MFI) is a continuing education course created by the Society of Municipal Arborists and designed to train leaders in the urban forestry field. Organizations sent almost 500 participants to this annual course during its first ten years of existence. This study documents the outcomes and impacts of employee attendance on participating organizations and examines if there were differences in outcomes based on years of professional work experience or gender. A mixed methods approach with a focus group, interviews and online survey was used to analyze what employees did with the knowledge gained at MFI and how it benefited the sending organization. Substantial advances in enhancing organizational leadership capacity, program innovation and expansion, and changes in organizational function were reported after employee attendance at MFI. The MFI program successfully impacts leadership skills of employees across all work experience ranges with minimal gender differences.
A case of failure to thrive secondary to primary hyperoxaluria type 1.

Abstract Primary hyperoxaluria type 1 is a rare genetic condition characterized by oxalate deposition in the kidneys. We report findings of an 8-month old female presenting with failure to thrive, poor oral intake, and kidney stones resulting in the diagnosis of primary hyperoxaluria type 1. The patient exhibits a unique presentation without renal failure at the time of diagnosis suggesting a previously unreported comorbidity in early stages of disease.
An Analysis of the Potential Impact of Heightened Capital Requirements on Banks’ Cost of Capital

Critics of recent regulation to increase minimum bank capital requirements contend that this policy will increase the cost of doing business for banks. We investigate the potential impact of heightened capital requirements on banks’ cost of capital. In the cross-section, banks’ cost of equity, measured by the implied cost of capital (ICC), and banks’ cost of debt decline when equity capital increases. The negative association between capital and banks’ ICC is stronger after the onset of the financial crisis, consistent with prior work suggesting that equity is more valuable during periods of financial distress. The negative association between capital and banks’ cost of equity and debt, compensates for the difference in the costs of these sources of financing. As a consequence, the overall cost of capital remains unaltered when capital increases. Thus, our findings do not offer support the claim that additional equity has a negative impact on credit because equity increases banks’ cost of capital. An exception to these findings is found in the sample of large banks. There is no discernible association between capital and the costs of equity and debt of large banks and their WACC increases when they substitute debt with more expensive equity.
Patient-Reported Out-of-Pocket Costs and Financial Toxicity During Early-Phase Oncology Clinical Trials

BACKGROUND Clinical trials are an important therapeutic option for patients with cancer. Although financial burden in cancer treatment is well documented, the financial burden associated with clinical trials is not well understood. PATIENTS AND METHODS We conducted a survey regarding economic burden and financial toxicity in patients with cancer enrolled in phase I clinical trials for >1 month. Financial toxicity score was assessed using the Comprehensive Score for Financial Toxicity survey. Patients also reported monthly out-of-pocket (OOP) costs. RESULTS Two hundred and thirteen patients completed the survey (72% non-Hispanic White; 45% with annual income ≤$60,000; 50% lived >300 miles from the clinic; 37% required air travel). Forty-eight percent of patients had monthly OOP costs of at least $1,000. Fifty-five percent and 64% of patients reported unanticipated medical and nonmedical expenses, respectively. Worse financial toxicity was associated with yearly household income 100 miles away from the clinical trial hospital (OR: 2.3; p = .043). Non-White or Hispanic patients (OR: 2.5; p = .011) and patients who were unemployed or not working outside the home (OR: 2.5; p = .016) were more likely to report high unanticipated medical costs. CONCLUSION Among patients with cancer participating in clinical trials, economic burden is high, and most of patients' OOP costs were nonmedical costs. Financial toxicity is disproportionally higher in patients with lower income and those who travel farther, and unexpected medical costs were more common among non-White or Hispanic patients. OOP costs can be substantial and are often unexpected for patients. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE The financial burden of cancer treatment is well documented, but there are limited data regarding the financial burden associated with cancer clinical trials. This study surveyed 213 patients enrolled in early-phase clinical trials. Monthly out-of-pocket costs were at least $1000 for nearly half of patients. Worse financial toxicity was associated with income <$60,000 and living farther away from the hospital. Racial/ethnic minorities had higher rates of unanticipated medical costs. These data help to quantify the high financial burden for patients and may reveal a cause of disparities in clinical trial enrollment for underrepresented populations.
Does Dispositional Mindfulness Predict Cardiovascular Reactivity to Emotional Stress in Prehypertension? Latent Growth Curve Analyses from the Serenity Study

Mindfulness stress buffering theory (Creswell & Lindsay, 2014) posits that higher dispositional (trait) mindfulness can protect cardiovascular health by buffering physiological stress reactivity — a risk marker for hypertension and cardiac events. Yet, empirical evidence is mixed. This study used baseline data from the Serenity Study — a recently completed, two-site randomized clinical trial — to assess the link between trait mindfulness and cardiovascular stress reactivity in adults with unmedicated prehypertension (n = 153, Mage = 50, 47% male, 69% White, 28% African-American). Latent growth curve modeling was used to determine whether specific facets of trait mindfulness, measured by the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire and the Decentering subscale of the Experiences Questionnaire, predict blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) responses to a brief laboratory stressor (5-min anger recall task). BP and HR taken 1-min apart were used in latent growth curve models. We hypothesized after controlling for known covariates of cardiovascular health, higher trait mindfulness would predict lower cardiovascular reactivity to, and faster recovery from, acute emotional stress. Contrary to predictions, no mindfulness facets predicted cardiovascular reactivity or recovery. These findings indicate that trait mindfulness facets may not independently affect BP and HR responses to acute emotional stress among prehypertensive but otherwise healthy adults with normal stress levels, prior to mindfulness training. Mindfulness-based interventions may therefore be necessary to engender benefits of mindfulness on stress physiology, as a putative biological mechanism of cardiovascular risk reduction and health promotion. Trial registration number and date of registration: NCT02371317, 1/21/2015
Familial desmoplastic trichoepithelioma: limitation of electronic database search and solutions.

2 Page RN, King R, Mihm Jr MC, et al. Microphthalmia transcription factor and NKI/C3 expression in cellular neurothekeoma. Mod Pathol 2004; 17: 230–234. 3 Gallsnger RL, Helwig EB. Neurothekeoma – a benign cutaneous tumor of neural origin. Am J Clin Pathol 1980; 74: 759–764. 4 Argenyi ZB, LeBoit PE, Santa Cruz D, et al. Nerve sheath myxoma (neurothekeoma) of the skin: light microscopic and immunohistochemical reappraisal of the cellular variant. J Cutan Pathol 1993; 20: 294–303.
Enabling outsourced service providers to think globally while acting locally

Enterprises commonly outsource all or part of their IT to vendors as a way to reduce the cost of IT, to accurately estimate what they spend on IT, and to improve its effectiveness. These contracts vary in complexity from the outsourcing of a world-wide IT function to smaller, country-specific, deals.
The m out of n Bootstrap and Goodness of Fit Tests with Double Censored Data

This paper considers the use of the m out of n bootstrap (Bickel, Gotze, and van Zwet, 1994) in setting critical values for Cramer-von Mises goodness of fit tests with doubly censored data. We show that, as might be expected, the usual n out of n nonparametric bootstrap fails to estimate the null distribution of the test statistic. We show that if the m out of n bootstrap with m → ∞, m = o(n) is used to set the critical value of the test, the proposed testing procedure is asymptotically level α, has the correct asymptotic power function for \(\sqrt n\) alternatives and is asymptotically consistent.
Genome-phenome association analysis of complex diseases a structured sparse regression approach

Genome-wide association (GWA) studies have recently become popular as a tool for identifying genetic variables that are responsible for increased disease susceptibility. A modern statistical method for approaching this problem is through model selection (or structure estimation) of Structured Input-Output Regression Models (SIORM) fitted on genetic and phenotypic variation data across a large number of individuals.
Long-range communications with Pioneer 10 at Jupiter.

The longest two-way telecommunications link ever established connected Pioneer 10 with its controllers and experimenters on earth during the first Jovian encounter. This radio link, operating in the 2.1 and 2.3 gigahertz frequency bands, maintained high-quality communications over a distance of 5-1/2 astronomical units. The data collected by eleven on-board advanced scientific instruments were transmitted to the investigators, providing a new wealth of information about the largest planet of the solar system. A descriptive review is presented of the spacecraft design and the ground data system configuration with an analysis of the telecommunications downlink. Pioneer 10, aided by Jupiter's gravitational field, is the first spacecraft to leave the solar system. A plaque attached to the spacecraft represents man's first attempt to send a message to another intelligence within our galaxy.
Algebraic Codes on Lines, Planes, and Curves: Computation of Minimal Bases

An ideal in the ring F[x, y] is defined as any set of bivariate polynomials that satisfies a certain pair of closure conditions. Examples of ideals can arise in several ways. The most direct way to specify concretely an ideal in the ring F[x, y] is by giving a set of generator polynomials. The ideal is then the set of all polynomial combinations of the generator polynomials. These generator polynomials need not necessarily form a minimal basis. We may wish to compute a minimal basis for an ideal by starting with a given set of generator polynomials. We shall describe an algorithm, known as the Buchberger algorithm , for this computation. Thus, given a set of generator polynomials for an ideal, the Buchberger algorithm computes another set of generator polynomials for that ideal that is a minimal basis. A different way of specifying an ideal in the ring F[x, y] is as a locator ideal for the nonzeros of a given bivariate polynomial. We then may wish to express this ideal in terms of a set of generator polynomials for it, preferably a set of minimal polynomials. Again, we need a way to compute a minimal basis, but starting now from a different specification of the ideal. We shall describe an algorithm, known as the Sakata algorithm , that performs this computation.
Intuition in Coaching: It's Not Magic

Many coaches have been called instinctive for decisions they have made, whether in game situations, recruiting, or other aspects of their job. Coaches often report having “gut feelings” before making important decisions. The purpose of this article is to dispel the notion of intuition as a magical ability, and begin to look at it as an important decision-making tool that can be cultivated. Through education and deliberate practice, coaches can become more intuitive.
Axial Flow Fan Tip Leakage Flow Control Using Tip Platform Extensions

Performance of an axial flow fan unit is closely related to its tip leakage mass flow rate and level of tip/casing interactions. The present experimental study uses a stereoscopic particle image velocimeter to quantify the three dimensional mean flow observed near the blade tip, just downstream of a ducted fan unit. After a comprehensive description of the exit flow from the baseline fan, a number of novel tip treatments based on custom designed pressure side extensions are introduced. Various tip leakage mitigation schemes are introduced by varying the chordwise location and the width of the extension in the circumferential direction. The current study shows a proper selection of the pressure side bump location and width are the two critical parameters influencing the success of each tip leakage mitigation approach. Significant gains in the axial mean velocity component are observed when a proper pressure side tip extension is used. It is also observed that a proper tip leakage mitigation scheme significantly reduces the tangential velocity component near the tip of the axial fan blade. Reduced tip clearance related flow interactions are essential in improving the energy efficiency of ducted fan systems. A reduction or elimination of the momentum deficit in tip vortices is also essential to reduce the adverse performance effects originating from the unsteady and highly turbulent tip leakage flows rotating against a stationary casing.
Leveraging data Across the Building Lifecycle

Abstract Architects, engineers and contractors have been working with data for ages. What is new are the myriad ways they have to capture, analyze and apply the data that has been made readily available. Some practitioners and their organizations have balked at adding data to their repertoire, citing that they are unprepared to deal with data on top of everything else they have to contend with, including new technologies, work-processes and workflows. Data-centric organizations, on the other hand, have come to realize that capturing, engaging with, analyzing, and applying sustainability data in their projects is not “one more thing,” and have learned that to have the greatest impact, data cannot be added on top of an organization's on-going practices, but rather integrated into their pre-existing mind-sets and processes. This paper explores firms’ approaches and relationships to data, determining whether organizations are data-enabled, data-informed or data driven, or a hybrid, and how their approach can have an enormous influence on outcomes, especially where they pertain to sustainability. Likewise, many organizations remain document-centric, and are missing out on opportunities and greater gains that come with becoming data-centric. Innovative tools and insights to make the most of the data are already readily available. What has been missing, up until now, is an understanding of how others – academics and industry practitioners – are innovating behind the scenes to exploit these resources to great impact. Big data and predictive analytics are currently being leveraged across the globe to address wicked – complex and poorly defined – problems endemic of design and construction in the 21st century. Innovative results in leveraging data throughout the building lifecycle are a result of original research for a new book, “Data Driven Design and Construction: Strategies for Capturing, Analyzing and Applying Building Data,” (John Wiley & Sons, 2015.) Methods of Research: Because data driven design impacts so many facets of the building lifecycle, the research for this paper attempted to be as inclusive as possible. Using practice-based research and in-depth interviews with industry and academic leaders, the author relied on many sources, including first-hand interviews with 40 thought leaders in industry and education in the AECO industry who work day-to-day with data; with firm leaders and other industry executives at companies that range in size from sole proprietorships to large multinational organizations. The interviewee's responses were recorded, transcribed by the author, and condensed for publication.
NMR shift reagents for organic salts: Shift mechanism, bound shifts and structural analysis

Lanthanide tetrakis(β-diketonate) anions are effective NMR shift reagents for organic salts. The shifts in the 1H NMR spectra were analyzed and explained without invoking a contact shift mechanism. The equilibria of the shift reagent-substrate complex was examined. No evidence was found for a 1:2 shift reagent-substrate complex. Bound shifts and association constants were determined for 1-methyltetrahydrothiophenium iodide (1) and 1-ethylquinolinium (3) iodide. The observed shifts for these salts were fitted to calculated shifts using the simplified dipolar shift equation. A single lanthanide location was identified with 3. A time average of at least two configurations of shift reagent-substrate complex was required with 1.
Effects of Mode Interaction on Collapse of Short, Imperfect, Thin-Walled Columns

The present paper deals with the design of beneficial geometric imperfections of short, thin-walled columns in order to maximize their energy absorption. The in­ vestigation was motivated by the experimental finding that under axial compressive load, the symmetric mode (which has a higher buckling load than the an­ tisymmetric mode) actually has a much higher energy absorption than the an­ tisymmetric mode as measured by the area under the curve of applied load versus end-shortening curve. Thus, an attempt is made to introduce imperfections in the beneficial symmetric mode so that the mode shapes of extremely large deflection in plastic collapse will also be of the symmetric type. The two-mode stability problem is studied using Koiter 's theory of elastic stability.
An approach to computer control research in a university environment

The general problem of research in the university environment is outlined with specific reference to research in the area of computer control of systems. An approach is presented based on experience with the industrially supported research program at Case Western Reserve University in the control of complex systems. The paper is organized around five aspects of the Case program as follows: 1) definition of scope, research direction, and overall objectives; 2) relationship with students: how a typical study is formulated and carried out; 3) relationship with sponsors: funding and two-way information flow; 4) relationship with the University: the Systems Research Center provides motivation, administrative support, and facilities for interdisciplinary activity; 5) historical development. A specific case history is presented to illustrate some of the above points and, in particular, show how the program has evolved along new directions in response to inputs from members of the group and from the outside community.
Storage Stability of Intermediate Moisture Mullet Roe

A storage stability study was performed on intermediate moisture roe (aw= 0.84, salt content = 4%). Samples were stored at various temperatures for up to 1 month. Microbial analyses indicated that bacteria could grow from 5–25°C. Fungi grew at 15° and 25°C while their growth was inhibited at 5°C; however, a lag phase was detected at 15°C. TBA values increased linearly during storage. Microbial analyses, chemical determination of rancidity and sensory evaluations showed that the product was still acceptable after 30 days storage at 5°, 15° or 25°C.
Declines in Lower Extremity Amputation in the US Medicare Population, 2000-2010

Background:Despite evidence that improved outcomes are associated with more distal lower extremity amputations (LEA), the impact of recent advances in the orthopedic approach to diabetic foot ulcer...
Understanding Void Phenomena in Metal Lines: Effects of Mechanical and Electromigration Stress

As the shrinking of VLSI devices continues, the problem of voids in interconnections becomes of steadily increasing concern. Voids can result from the effects of triaxial tensile stresses produced during fabrication; they can also arise from electromigration. The effects can combine: voids arising from mechanical stress can move and grow under electromigration stress. A detailed understanding of the phenomena requires both knowledge of the properties of the metal and dielectric as functions of time and temperature, and direct observations of the void behavior in real time under varying stress conditions. The material property information can be obtained by a combination of wafer curvature, X-ray diffraction and ultramicro indentation measurements. Void behavior can be inferred from high precision resistivity measurements, and observed directly with Scanning Electron Microscopy. With these data it is possible to evaluate various models for the phenomena.
The carbonyl frequency of cyclopentanone as a function of its distortion, a vibrational model for 2- and 7-norbornanone

Using normal coordinate analysis, the infrared spectrum of cyclopentanone has been computed as the geometry is modified from the planar form to those in which the geometry about the 5-membered ring looks like 2-norbornanone and also like 7-norbornanone. The computed vco of cyclopentanone is 1739.9 cm−1 compared to the experimental value of 1740 cm−1.
Vicarious calibration of the Ocean PHILLS hyperspectral sensor using a coastal tree‐shadow method

[1] Ocean color remote-sensing systems require highly accurate calibration (<0.5%) for accurate retrieval of water properties. This accuracy is typically achieved by vicarious calibration which is done by comparing the atmospherically corrected remote-sensing data to accurate estimates of the water-leaving radiance. Here we present a new method for vicarious calibration of a hyperspectral sensor that exploits shadows cast by trees and cliffs along coastlines. Hyperspectral Ocean PHILLS imagery was acquired over East Sound and adjacent waters around Orcas Island, Washington, USA, in August, 1998, in concert with field data collection. To vicariously calibrate the PHILLS data, a method was developed employing pixel pairs in tree-shaded and adjacent unshadowed waters, which utilizes the sky radiance dominating the shaded pixel as a known calibration target. Transects extracted from East Sound imagery were calibrated and validated with field data (RMSE = 0.00033 sr−1), providing validation of this approach for acquiring calibration-adjustment data from the image itself.
Safety of Noninvasive Electrical Stimulation of Acupuncture Points During a Routine Neonatal Heel Stick.

Background Hospitalized infants may undergo frequent painful procedures with inadequate pain relief. Alternative pain relief interventions are needed.
Determinants of colorectal cancer screening in women undergoing mammography.

Abstract Objectives Women who participate in screening for breast cancer are more likely to participate in screening for colorectal cancer. We studied such a motivated group of women to identify predictors of, and barriers to, participation in colorectal cancer screening by endoscopy. Methods We distributed surveys to 551 women ≥ 50 yr of age while they were awaiting mammography at four sites in and around Boston, MA from June to September, 2000. The 40-question survey assessed knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs about, and behaviors toward, breast and colorectal cancer screening. Regression models were used to determine factors associated with having had sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy. Results Seventy-nine percent of the women completed all or part of the survey. Half (221/438) reported ever having had sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy. Of these, 93% did so at the recommendation of their primary care provider. Factors associated with participation in endoscopic screening included compliance with annual fecal occult blood testing, a family history of colorectal cancer, and indifference toward the gender of the doctor performing the endoscopy. Conclusions Women undergoing mammography overwhelmingly cite the recommendation of their primary care provider as the reason for participating in colorectal cancer screening by endoscopy. Women who preferred a female endoscopist were less likely to have been screened. Whenever possible, primary care providers should offer women the choice of a female endoscopist for colorectal cancer screening.
Liquid chromatographic determination of a combined form of L-ascorbic acid (L-ascorbate 2-sulfate) in fish tissue by release of L-ascorbic acid

Abstract Simultaneous acid-catalyzed dehydration and methanolysis of the sample increased extractable L-ascorbic acid (AA), compared to extraction of L-ascorbic acid from fish tissue and feed by aqueous acid. Dehydration was affected by reaction of water with trimethyl orthoformate (TOF). Known amounts of L-ascorbate 2-sulfate (AAS) or AA added to fish tissue and feed were recovered quantitatively in the dehydration/methanolysis reaction. The difference between total AA equivalents determined by dehydration/methanolysis and free AA was assigned to AAS. Liquid chromatography under pressure with electrochemical detection (LC-EC) was used to quantitate AA. All chromatograms showed base-line resolution of AA with sensitivity of 4 ng AA or 10 ppm in a sample. In fresh liver, kidney, and skin from rainbow trout (RBT), AAS constituted a small to modest proportion of total AA equivalents. The level of free AA or total AA equivalents in liver and kidney correlated well with the level of AA in the feed. Brine shrimp cysts contained high levels of AAS and no AA, whereas freshly hatched larvae contained high levels of only AA. Three commercial samples of fish meal were devoid of AA and AAS.
Multi-Agent System implementation in JADE environment for power plant control

Implementing advanced control for a large-scale power plant targeting multiple objectives can be computationally intensive as well as difficult when attempted in a centralized control configuration. In order for this control to be more flexible, adaptive and robust, it needs to be coordinated in distributed environments, specifically among agents. The method presented in this paper involves using Multi-Agent System (MAS), which addresses the challenges of computing optimal multi-objective control using Java Agent Development Framework (JADE), a much more communication-efficient, network-oriented environment.