cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Homogeneous turbulence in ferrofluids with a steady magnetic field

The general equations necessary for a basic theoretical interpretation of the physics of turbulence in ferrofluids are presented. The equations are examined and show multiple novel turbulence aspects that arise in ferrofluids. For example, two new modes of turbulent kinetic energy and turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate occur, and unique modes of energy conversion (rotational to/from translational kinetic energy and magnetic energy to/from turbulent kinetic energy) are exhibited in turbulent ferrofluid flows. Furthermore, it is shown that potential models for turbulence in ferrofluids are complicated by additional closure requirements from the five additional nonlinear terms in the governing equations. The equations are applied to turbulence of a ferrofluid in the presence of a steady magnetic field (as well as the case of no magnetic field) in order to identify the importance of the new terms. Results are presented for the enhanced anisotropy in the presence of a magnetic field, and results show how turbulence properties (both classical ones and new ones) vary with the strength of the magnetic field. Three different equations for the magnetization are examined and lead to different results at large magnitudes of the applied magnetic field.
Sterols of Agarum cribosum: desmosterol in a brown alga

Abstract The sterol composition of the cold water brown alga Agarum cribosum was determined by GC—MS. Six of the seven sterols found were identified as stigmata-5,( E )-24(28)-dien-3β-ol (fucosterol), 24-methylenecholest-5-en-3β-ol (24-methylenecholesterol), cholest-5-en-3β-ol (cholesterol), 3β-hydroxycholest-5-en-24-one (24-ketocholesterol), 24ξ-stigmasta-5,28-diene-3β,24-diol (saringosterol) and cholesta-5, 24-dien-3β-ol (desmosterol).
A Mean-Field Free-Energy Lattice Boltzmann Model for Liquid-Vapor Interfaces

A nonlocal pressure equation is proposed for liquid-vapor interfaces based on mean-field theory. The new nonlocal pressure equation is shown to be a generalized form of the nonlocal pressure equation of the van der Waals theory or the “square-gradient theory”. The proposed nonlocal pressure is implemented in the mean-field free-energy lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) proposed by Zhang et al (2004). The modified LBM is applied to simulate equilibrium interface properties and the interface dynamics of capillary waves. Computed results are validated with Maxwell constructions of liquid-vapor coexistence densities, theoretical relationship of variation of surface tension with temperature, theoretical planar interface density profiles, and the dispersion relation between frequency and wave number describing the dynamics of capillary waves. It is shown that the modified LBM gives very good agreement with the theories. In addition, preliminary calculations of phase transition and binary droplet coalescence are also presented.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
Performance analysis of support recovery with joint sparsity constraints

In this paper, we analyze the performance of estimating the common support for jointly sparse signals based on their projections onto lower-dimensional space. We formulate support recovery as a multiple-hypothesis testing problem and derive both upper and lower bounds on the probability of error for general measurement matrices, by using Cher-noff bound and Fano's inequality, respectively. When applied to Gaussian measurement ensembles, these bounds give necessary and sufficient conditions to guarantee a vanishing probability of error for majority realizations of the measurement matrix. Our results offer surprising insights into sparse signal reconstruction based on their projections. For example, as far as support recovery is concerned, the well-known bound in compressive sensing is generally not sufficient if the Gaussian ensemble is used. Our study provides an alternative performance measure, one that is natural and important in practice, for signal recovery in com-pressive sensing as well as other application areas taking advantage of signal sparsity.
Identification of human activin and TGFβ type I receptors that form heteromeric kinase complexes with type II receptors

Abstract Transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) and activin each bind to pairs of membrane proteins, known as receptor types I and II, that associate to form a signaling complex. We report that TSR-I and ActR-I, two human transmembrane serine/threonine kinases distantly related to TGFβ and activin type II receptors, act as type I receptors for these factors. TSR-I is a type I receptor shared by TGFβ and activin, whereas ActR-I is an activin type I receptor. ActR-I, but not TSR-I, signals a particular transcriptional response in concert with activin type II receptors. The results indicate that type I receptors are transmembrane protein kinases that associate with type II receptors to generate diverse heteromeric serine/threonine kinase complexes of different signaling capacities.
INBREEDING DEPRESSION IN SMOOTH CORDGRASS (SPARTINA ALTERNIFLORA, POACEAE)INVADING SAN FRANCISCO BAY

The magnitude of inbreeding depression in invading plant populations is often presumed to be small and of little consequence. The purpose of this study was to assess the magnitude of inbreeding depression in a pollen-limited, partially self-incompatible, invading plant population. The magnitude and timing of inbreeding depression were compared among ten maternal plants sampled from a population of smooth cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora) invading San Francisco Bay. Selfed and outcrossed progeny were compared for embryo abortion, survival of seedlings, and growth/survival at the end of the first growing season in three greenhouse environments. Estimates of inbreeding depression varied among environments, with competitive environment > high-nutrient environment > low-nutrient environment. Population-level estimates of inbreeding depression ranged from 0.61 to 0.81; however, maternal plants varied significantly in their magnitude of inbreeding depression, ranging from 0.1 to 0.97. The 95% confidence interval for inbreeding depression for some maternal plants included zero. There was a significant negative correlation between the overall magnitude of inbreeding depression and self-fertility rate among maternal plants. The few maternal plants with high self-fertility carried relatively little genetic load, and their selfed progeny are likely to survive on open mudflats. The noncompetitive, pollen-limited growing conditions associated with invasion may allow self-fertility to spread in this population.
Managerial Ownership and Agency Conflicts: A Nonlinear Simultaneous Equation Analysis of Managerial Ownership, Risk Taking, Debt Policy, and Dividend Policy

This paper uses a nonlinear simultaneous equation methodology to examine how managerial ownership relates to risk taking, debt policy, and dividend policy. The results have implications for our understanding of agency costs. We find risk to be a significant and positive determinant of the level of managerial ownership while managerial ownership is also a significant and positive determinant of the level of risk. The result supports the argument that managerial ownership helps to resolve the agency conflicts between external stockholders and managers but at the expense of exacerbating the agency conflict between stockholders and bondholders. We further observe evidence of substitution-monitoring effects between managerial ownership and debt policy, between managerial ownership and dividend policy, and between managerial ownership and institutional ownership. Copyright 1999 by MIT Press.
FUN-the forgotten engineering management tool

Techniques for creating a 'fun' work environment are explored with the aim of providing an engineering staff that will outproduce any other group. Methods are briefly highlighted to reduce paperwork, provide better ways of 'wandering around' (such as the no-door policy), improve the role of managers or supervisors, and generate employee loyalty, along with other related subjects that can provide a fun work environment that allows for increased production and reduced employee relation problems. >
Invisible Nursing Research Thoughts about Mixed Methods Research and Nursing Practice

In this this essay, the author addresses the close connection between mixed methods research and nursing practice. If the assertion that research and practice are parallel processes is accepted, then nursing practice may be considered "invisible mixed methods research," in that almost every encounter between a nurse and a patient involves collection and integration of qualitative (word) and quantitative (number) information that actually is single-case mixed methods research.
Locally adaptive metric nearest-neighbor classification

Nearest-neighbor classification assumes locally constant class conditional probabilities. This assumption becomes invalid in high dimensions with finite samples due to the curse of dimensionality. Severe bias can be introduced under these conditions when using the nearest-neighbor rule. We propose a locally adaptive nearest-neighbor classification method to try to minimize bias. We use a chi-squared distance analysis to compute a flexible metric for producing neighborhoods that are highly adaptive to query locations. Neighborhoods are elongated along less relevant feature dimensions and constricted along most influential ones. As a result, the class conditional probabilities are smoother in the modified neighborhoods, whereby better classification performance can be achieved. The efficacy of our method is validated and compared against other techniques using both simulated and real-world data.
Reconstruction of genetic association networks from microarray data

Motivation: Gene association/interaction networks provide vast amounts of information about essential processes inside the cell. A complete picture of gene–gene associations/interactions would open new horizons for biologists, ranging from pure appreciation to successful manipulation of biological pathways for therapeutic purposes. Therefore, identification of important biological complexes whose members (genes and their products proteins) interact with each other is of prime importance. Numerous experimental methods exist but, for the most part, they are costly and labor intensive. Computational techniques, such as the one proposed in this work, provide a quick ‘budget’ solution that can be used as a screening tool before more expensive techniques are attempted. Here, we introduce a novel computational method based on the partial least squares (PLS) regression technique for reconstruction of genetic networks from microarray data. Results: The proposed PLS method is shown to be an effective screening procedure for the detection of gene–gene interactions from microarray data. Both simulated and real microarray experiments show that the PLS-based approach is superior to its competitors both in terms of performance and applicability. Availability: R code is available from the supplementary web-site whose URL is given below. Contact: susmita.datta@louisville.edu Supplementary information: Supplementary information are available at http://www.susmitadatta.org/Supp/GeneNet/supp.htm.
Long Pulse, High Power Test of Argonne's RF Separator Deflector Structures

Argonne National Laboratory's long pulse, 50 ?s, RF particle separator requires, for effective particle separation, peak particle deflections per deflector in the order of 1 millirad. In order to give this amount of deflection to particles up to the highest design momentum, the deflector must be capable of supporting 4 to 6 MW of input RF power for 50 ?s without damage. The deflector has been tested in ANL's long pulse test facility and has been operated at 6 MW, 50 ?s pulses.
Online file sharing: resolving the tensions between privacy and property interests

This essay expands upon an earlier work (Grodzinsky and Tavani, 2005) in which we analyzed the implications of the Verizon v RIAA case for P2P Networks vis-a-vis concerns affecting personal privacy and intellectual property. In the present essay we revisit some of the concerns surrounding this case by analyzing the intellectual property and privacy issues that emerged in the MGM Studios v. Grokster case. These two cases illustrate some of the key tensions that exist between privacy and property interests in cyberspace. In our analysis, we contrast Digital Rights Management (DRM) and Interoperability and we examine some newer distribution models of sharing over P2P networks. We also analyze some privacy implications in the two cases in light of the theory of privacy as contextual integrity (Nissenbaum, 2004).
Broadening the Bandwidth of Electrically Small Antennas using Multi-Mode Synthesis

Traditional broadband antenna designs with compact radiating elements often explores the multiple resonant modes existing in the designed physical structure to obtain more bandwidth, or say to decrease the quality factor. It is well-known that antenna arrays could support multiple radiation modes. Recently, the modes in a coupled antenna system have been explored for MIMO and for beam-forming applications in a compact radiation platform. The underlying physical principle is taking the advantage of the collocated and orthogonal radiation pattern modes. Those modes in a compact radiation space could be isolated with each other after the mode-decomposition network. To maximize the bandwidth of the mode-decoupled antenna array, a systematic approach is proposed to enlarge the bandwidth electrically small antennas of the broadband array. Different from traditional antenna array design whose objective is usually to combine the antenna gain, the approach proposed here is to synthesize a broader bandwidth in the desired frequency range either in a few discrete band or one continuous band. The approach can be directly applied to electrically small antennas to achieve the maximum bandwidth available out of a small form factor platform. Electrically small antennas often utilize wire structures to explore lower quality factor and hence higher bandwidth. It has also been discussed that folded-arm spherical helical antennas exhibit an omni-directional, linearly polarized radiation pattern consistent with that of an electrical dipole.
An efficient method for the analysis of a structure comprising an appendage attached to a planar surface of a conducting body

A technique is presented to efficiently solve for the currents on an appendage, e.g., antenna, attached to a planar surface of a conducting body. The appendage may be embedded in a homogeneous, dielectric material. The technique presented alleviates the complications associated with the point where the appendage is attached to the body. To illustrate the method, a wire antenna attached to an axisymmetric body is analyzed in detail. A set of coupled integral equations are formulated, appropriate quantities are expanded into Fourier modes, and coupled integral equations are derived for the Fourier coefficients of the unknowns. These equations are solved and the input admittance of the wire antenna is determined from the computed currents and is corroborated by measurements.
Metal Particle Size and Structure of the Metal−Support Interface of Carbon-Supported Platinum Catalysts as Determined with EXAFS Spectroscopy

The metal particle size and structure of the metal−support interface of platinum supported on Vulcan XC-72 (a commercial catalyst used in platinum fuel-cell electrodes) and on carbon nanofibers (CNF) have been determined with extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (EXAFS). The CNF-supported Pt catalysts were synthesized using a homogeneous deposition precipitation (HDP) method. The amount of acidic oxygen groups on the CNF surface was modified by treatment in an inert atmosphere at different temperatures. The average first shell Pt−Pt coordination number (∼5.5) detected in Pt/CNF is much smaller than for Pt/Vulcan XC-72 (∼8.2). The presence of oxygen-containing groups in the CNF support most probably leads to the stabilization of small Pt particles on the CNF support. A prominent interaction between the metal particles and the support atoms was detected on both kinds of catalysts, which confirms that the metal is in direct contact with the carbon support atoms. After reduction, a long metal...
Dead-End Elimination with Backbone Flexibility

Motivation: Dead-End Elimination (DEE) is a powerful algorithm capable of reducing the search space for structure-based protein design by a combinatorial factor. By using a fixed backbone template, a rotamer library, and a potential energy function, DEE identifies and prunes rotamer choices that are provably not part of the Global Minimum Energy Conformation (GMEC), effectively eliminating the majority of the conformations that must be subsequently enumerated to obtain the GMEC. Since a fixed-backbone model biases the algorithm predictions against protein sequences for which even small backbone movements may result in a significantly enhanced stability, the incorporation of backbone flexibility can improve the accuracy of the design predictions. If explicit backbone flexibility is incorporated into the model, however, the traditional DEE criteria can no longer guarantee that the flexible-backbone GMEC, the lowest-energy conformation when the backbone is allowed to flex, will not be pruned. Results: We derive a novel DEE pruning criterion, flexible-backbone DEE (BD), that is provably accurate with backbone flexibility, guaranteeing that no rotamers belonging to the flexible-backbone GMEC are pruned; we also present further enhancements to BD for improved pruning efficiency. The results from applying our novel algorithms to redesign the β1 domain of protein G and to switch the substrate specificity of the NRPS enzyme GrsA-PheA are then compared against the results from previous fixed-backbone DEE algorithms. We confirm experimentally that traditional-DEE is indeed not provably-accurate with backbone flexibility and that BD is capable of generating conformations with significantly lower energies, thus confirming the feasibility of our novel algorithms. Availability: Contact authors for source code. Contact: brd+ismb07@cs.duke.edu
Optically rewritable patterns of nuclear magnetization in gallium arsenide

Controlling nuclear spin patterns is important to manage decoherence and control electron spin currents in spintronic devices. This study demonstrates the optical creation of rewritable patterns of nuclear polarization in gallium arsenide without ferromagnets, lithographic patterning or field gradients.
Analysis of microstrip discontinuities using the spatial network method with absorbing boundary conditions

In this paper it is shown that spatial network method (SNM) can be formally derived as a finite differencing scheme, which ensures that the necessary stability and convergence conditions are met. For the first time, Mur and Higdon second-order absorbing boundary conditions (ABC's) have been used in conjunction with SNM. It has been found that the Higdon second-order ABC's perform better than the Mur algorithm for guided wave problems with inhomogeneous substrates. Finally, it is shown that SNM can successfully be employed for the analysis of planar and three-dimensional (3-D) microstrip discontinuities in open or shielded environments.
Secure Group Communication Based Scheme for Differential Access Control in Dynamic Environments

Applications like e-newspaper or interactive online gaming typically have more than one resource and a large number of users. There is a many-to-many relationship between users and resources, each user can access multiple resources and each resource can be accessed by multiple users. Each resource needs to be encrypted by a different resource encryption key (REK). Each REK needs to be distributed to all subscribers of the resource and each subscriber must get all the REKs he/she subscribes to. We term this as problem of differential access control. Also this environment is very dynamic in terms of subscription changes by users and resource changes by service providers. Conventional ways of access control are not sufficient for this problem of differential access control. In this paper, we propose a new scheme of access control, based on secure group communication framework that is efficient, scalable, practical and dynamic
Assessing affect after mathematical problem solving tasks: Validating the Chamberlin Affective Instrument for Mathematical Problem Solving

The focus of the article is the validation of an instrument to assess gifted students’ affect after mathematical problem solving tasks. Participants were 225 students identified by their district as gifted in grades four to six. The Chamberlin Affective Instrument for Mathematical Problem Solving was used to assess feelings, emotions, and dispositions after students solved model-eliciting activities in groups of three. Through the use of principal component analysis, it was determined that three factors should be retained. The instrument holds promise because it may be used to assess affect, which has implications for identification and curricular adjustments to optimize affect.
Phantom limb phenomenon after limb reattachment or cross-transfer. Three patient histories.

Received July 26, 1997; revised November 4, 1997; accepted November 21, 1997. From the Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Psychiatry Service, Washington, DC; Georgetown University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Washington, DC; and Howard University, College of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Washington, DC. Address reprint requests to Dr. Price, Department of Veterans Affairs, Medical Center, Psychiatry Service, 116A, 50 Irving St., NW, Washington, DC 20422. Copyright 1998 The Academy of Psychosomatic Medicine. The phantom limb phenomenon characteristically occurs after amputation of limbs and other body parts, after brachial plexus injuries, during spinal anesthesia, and in association with some spinal cord and cortical lesions. It is thought that the essential condition for the appearance of phantom limb sensations is the permanent or temporary deafferentation of the body part with consequent abnormal afferent impulses and cortical activity. In the past, controversy over a peripheral vs. central origin of the phenomenon existed, but the findings of recent studies point toward a central origin. While the phantom limb phenomenon has been described repeatedly in the literature, the phenomenon has not been reported in connection with the newer surgical procedures of limb reattachment or cross-transfer when heroic attempts are made to salvage limbs (or parts thereof) with the hope of some return of functionality. Reattachment (also called replantation) of a limb is the lengthy microsurgical procedure involved in reuniting a completely severed limb (or part of one) and involves reconnecting blood vessels, muscles, tendons, nerves, and other soft tissues, and aligning or fixating bony structures. Cross-transfer (also called transplantation, heterologous transplantation, or ectopic replantation) of a hand is rarely performed and is possible when one arm is irreparably damaged but the hand is not, and the other arm is intact but the hand is irreparably injured. Several surgical procedures are involved in the cross-transfer: the one irreparably damaged arm and the damaged hand are amputated; the undamaged hand is removed from the amputated arm and attached (transplanted) to the wrist stump by microsurgical techniques. The rationale for cross-transfer is that the transplanted hand, though reversed, provides the individual with a potentially functional hand that is more useful than most inert upper-limb prostheses; otherwise, the individual would have bilateral arm stumps or even absence of one entire upper limb and an amputation stump on the other side. Since the phantom limb phenomenon has not been studied in individuals who have had limb reattachment or cross-transfer surgical procedures, my report represents a preliminary attempt to characterize the phantom limb phenomenon in one case of reattachment and two cases of cross-transfer of a hand.
Mechanics of Implants

Charley Davidson’ s pal Sanza Time had a similar accident, but, instead of fracturing his tibia, he sustained a closed fracture of the femur. This fracture was treated by closed intramedullary rodding, and Sanza, against the advice of his surgeon, was back on his bike as soon as the repair shop pronounced it ready. Also against the advice of his doctor, he went back to his job in a steel mill, where he was on his feet all day, and even played a little Softball on weekends. His doctor was hardly surprised, then, that, about 11 weeks after his operation, Sanza had a sudden pain in the thigh. A roentgenogram showed a broken rod associated with an ununited femur. How could such a thing happen?
Reaction Studies of Ceramic-Coated Tungsten

A coating consisting essentially of zircon and glass was fired in vacuum on tungsten wires. Coated wires were tested up to 10 hours at 3000°F. in an air atmosphere. Microstructural and X-ray diffraction analyses indicated that the coating on the tested specimens consisted of glass and monoclinic zirconia and that certain tungsten oxides were present in the coating. These analyses also indicated that the probable mechanism of degradation in this type of coating may be attributed to the gradual migration of oxygen through the coating, with the resultant formation of tungsten oxides which then migrate to the coating surface and volatilize.
Aminoacylating Urzymes Challenge the RNA World Hypothesis

We describe experimental evidence that ancestral peptide catalysts substantially accelerated development of genetic coding. Structurally invariant 120–130-residue Urzymes (Ur = primitive plus enzyme) derived from Class I and Class II aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs) acylate tRNA far faster than the uncatalyzed rate of nonribosomal peptide bond formation from activated amino acids. These new data allow us to demonstrate statistically indistinguishable catalytic profiles for Class I and II aaRSs in both amino acid activation and tRNA acylation, over a time period extending to well before the assembly of full-length enzymes and even further before the Last Universal Common Ancestor. Both Urzymes also exhibit ∼60% of the contemporary catalytic proficiencies. Moreover, they are linked by ancestral sense/antisense genetic coding, and their evident modularities suggest descent from even simpler ancestral pairs also coded by opposite strands of the same gene. Thus, aaRS Urzymes substantially pre-date modern aaRS but are, nevertheless, highly evolved. Their unexpectedly advanced catalytic repertoires, sense/antisense coding, and ancestral modularities imply considerable prior protein-tRNA co-evolution. Further, unlike ribozymes that motivated the RNA World hypothesis, Class I and II Urzyme·tRNA pairs represent consensus ancestral forms sufficient for codon-directed synthesis of nonrandom peptides. By tracing aaRS catalytic activities back to simpler ancestral peptides, we demonstrate key steps for a simpler and hence more probable peptide·RNA development of rapid coding systems matching amino acids with anticodon trinucleotides. Background: RNA World scenarios require high initial fidelity, greatly slowing lift-off. Results: Class I TrpRS and Class II HisRS Urzymes (120–130 residues) both acylate tRNAs ∼106 times faster than the uncatalyzed peptide synthesis rate. Conclusion: Urzymes appear highly evolved, implying that they had even simpler ancestors. Significance: High Urzyme catalytic proficiencies imply that translation began in a Peptide·RNA World.
Party Organization and the Political Success of the Communist Successor Parties

Objective. Although there has been much recent work done on party systems in the postcommunist world, there has been very little systematic comparative work that examines the relationship between the organizational development of political parties and political performance. The objective of this article is to empirically examine the relationship between party organization and the political success of 17 communist successor parties from 1993 to 2000. Methods. I propose a way of measuring party organizations based upon the degree of personnel overlap between the organs of the extraparliamentary party and the party in public office and the organizational density of political parties and relate these characteristics to the political success enjoyed by the communist successor parties. Results. In general, I find that the more the successor party was dominated by officeholders and less reliant on a mass membership for political support in the years immediately following the transition, the more successful the party was later. Conclusions. The interaction of party organization with the party’s competitive environment was a better predictor of success than declines in the socioeconomic condition of the population, rises in popular “nostalgia” for the past, or openings created by political institutions. Democratization and the emergence of party politics in the countries of the postcommunist world have offered a unique opportunity to test some long-held propositions in comparative politics regarding the relationship between party organization and political success. Although a large amount of work has emerged on the evolution of party systems and on political attitudes in the postcommunist world, there has been very little systematic comparative work done on the relationship between the organizational development of political parties and political performance. To be sure, some works have appeared that investigate party organization in Eastern Europe, but these tend to focus on what causes particular party organizations to emerge in postcommunist politics rather than on party organization as a predictor of political success (Lewis, 1996; Kopecký, 1995; Kitschelt, 1995; Roper, 1995). Other works, which have examined the effects of party or
The Hurst Exponent of Surface Temperature: A Note

High values of the Hurst exponent of H=0.66±0.05 for deseasonalized monthly mean surface temperatures in the sample period 1850-2015 suggest persistence and long term memory in the temperature time series. Such Hurst phenomena have been observed in the stochastic processes of nature in the area of hydrology (Hurst) and also in the proxy record of annual mean surface temperature at a millennial time scale (Barnett). Our study suggests that these patterns may also exist in deseasonalized monthly means of the measured temperature record in the post industrial era, a period that is normally associated with global warming and climate change.
Beta-2 Microglobulin in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients: Serum Levels and Peritoneal Clearances

Beta-2 microglobulin {B2M) is amyloidogenic in long-term hemodialysis patients, with amyloid deposition manifesting as lytic bone lesions, carpal tunnel syndrome, destructive arthropathies, tenosynovitis, and pathologic fractures. To study the behavior of this protein in the peritoneal dialysis population, serum levels of B2M from 14 chronic peritoneal dialysis {CPD) patients {4IPD, 10 CAPD) were compared to those of 15 chronic hemodialysis patients, and peritoneal clearances were measured in 9 CAPD patients. Standard cuprophan dialyzers were used for hemodialysis. Serum B2M levels were significantly lower in the peritoneal dialysis group {mean ± SD 73.2 ± 20.9 mg/L) than in the hemodialysis group {100.3 ± 24.7 mg/L, p < .004). When CAPD patients alone were compared to the hemodialysis patients, lower serum B2M levels were again apparent, with mean 68.7 ± 16.4 mg/L {p ≤ .002). Mean serum B2M in IPD patients {84.6 ± 28.9 mg/L) did not differ statistically from either the CAPD or the hemodialysis group. Peritoneal clearance of B2M, urea nitrogen, and creatinine over a 6 h exchange were obtained in 9 CAPD patients without peritonitis. Mean clearance {±SD) of B2M was 0.9 ± 0.4 ml/min/ 1.73 m2, urea nitrogen 5.3 ± 0.3 ml/min/1.73 m2, and creatinine 4.2 ± 0.8 ml/min/1.73 m2. Mean loss of B2M via the peritoneal cavity was 19.9 ± 6.6 mg/2 L-exchange/1.73 m2 {range 7.7 to 26.2 mg/2 L-exchange/1.73 m2). Decreased serum B2M in peritoneal dialysis patients is consistent with increased clearance by the peritoneal membrane versus standard cellulosic hemodialysis membranes. Whether use of CPD rather than hemodialysis can prevent or even treat dialysis-associated amyloidosis {AB2M) remains speculative.
Differential Effects of Alcohol on Excitatory and Inhibitory Puberty-Related Peptides in the Basal Hypothalamus of the Female Rat.

Background An increase in development of excitatory inputs along with a decline in inhibitory inputs ultimately govern the timely increased secretion of hypothalamic luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) at the time of puberty. As chronic alcohol (ALC) exposure acts at the hypothalamic level to suppress LHRH secretion and delay puberty, we assessed its ability to differentially affect the expression of key puberty-related proteins. Methods ALC was administered to female rats from days 27 to 33, at which time animals were killed and tissues collected for protein expression. In the medial basal hypothalamus (MBH), we assessed kisspeptin (Kp) 10, an excitatory peptide critical for prepubertal LHRH secretion, and Lin28b, a peptide with an inhibitory influence on puberty. As a direct mechanism of action of Lin28b was not known, we determined whether its central administration could induce dynorphin (DYN), a peptide that is inhibitory on LHRH secretion. Also, ALC's effect on DYN protein expression was assessed, as well as its effect on DYN release in vitro. Results ALC markedly suppressed (p < 0.01) the expression of the excitatory Kp protein, while at the same time increased (p < 0.001) the expression of inhibitory Lin28b protein. Subsequently, we showed for the first time that the central administration of Lin28b stimulated (p < 0.01) the synthesis of DYN. Finally, ALC also induced (p < 0.01) the protein expression and stimulated (p < 0.01) the in vitro release of DYN from the MBH. Conclusions These results indicate that ALC can simultaneously and differentially alter both excitatory and inhibitory influences governing pubertal development, show for the first time a mechanism of action by which Lin28b exerts its prepubertal inhibitory tone, and further demonstrate the negative influences of ALC on the pubertal process.
Teachers' estimates of pupils' IQs and pupils' tested IQs.

Across 32 articles correlations between teachers' estimates of their pupils' IQs and the pupils' standardized IQs ranged from .25 to .88, with a median of .55, seen as considerable congruence.
Sites of Attachment of Amblyomma americanum to Cattle

More than 50% of larvae of the lone star tick, Amblyomma americanum (L.), were attached to skin on the head and ears of woodlot-pastured cattle in eastern Oklahoma. Nymphs were the least discriminate life stage when choosing attachment sites, but were observed principally on the inside surface of the auditory pinna, the foreflank-foreleg region, the udder-rearleg region, and the neck. About 91 and 94% of females and males, respectively, attached to the brisket-foreleg-foreflank areas on the front of the cow and to the udder-rearleg-escutcheon-tailhead areas on the rear of the cow. There was significant correlation between the distributions of males and females on the host's body.
Supporting business model decisions: a scenario-based simulation approach

A key challenge for entrepreneurs is to find a robust and scalable business model. In complex environments, business model decisions often build on highly uncertain assumptions. The uncertainty increases when the entrepreneurial venture is confronted with unexpected changes in the environment. This paper proposes an approach to support entrepreneurs in understanding the future implications of their business model decisions. The approach combines system dynamics simulation modelling with formal scenario building. The paper presents a novel conceptual approach to modelling business models. It develops a business model simulation for a multi-sided platform such as the online marketplace eBay. The paper builds future scenarios to conduct simulation experiments that incorporate the uncertainty of developments external to the firm. Based on historic data of eBay, it demonstrates how the scenario-based simulation approach allows comparing the implications of different revenue model options on eBay's performance. Finally, the research discusses the general applicability of the scenario-based simulation approach as a tool for entrepreneurial decision making.
Respiratory toxicity and immunotoxicity evaluations of microparticle and nanoparticle C60 fullerene aggregates in mice and rats following nose-only inhalation for 13 weeks

AbstractC60 fullerene (C60), or buckminsterfullerene, is a spherical arrangement of 60 carbon atoms, having a diameter of approximately 1 nm, and is produced naturally as a by-product of combustion. Due to its small size, C60 has attracted much attention for use in a variety of applications; however, insufficient information is available regarding its toxicological effects. The effects on respiratory toxicity and immunotoxicity of C60 aggregates (50 nm [nano-C60] and 1 μm [micro-C60] diameter) were examined in B6C3F1/N mice and Wistar Han rats after nose-only inhalation for 13 weeks. Exposure concentrations were selected to allow for data evaluations using both mass-based and particle surface area-based exposure metrics. Nano-C60 exposure levels selected were 0.5 and 2 mg/m3 (0.033 and 0.112 m2/m3), while micro-C60 exposures were 2, 15 and 30 mg/m3 (0.011, 0.084 and 0.167 m2/m3). There were no systemic effects on innate, cell-mediated, or humoral immune function. Pulmonary inflammatory responses (histiocy...
Coloring America's Pastime: Sporting Life's Coverage of Race & the Emergence of Baseball's Color Line, 1883–1889

Abstract This study explores how race was covered within Sporting Life, one of the nation's first specialty sports publications, from the journal's inception in March 1883 until an unwritten “color line” was drawn in mainstream professional baseball in December 1889. Drawing on historian Barbara J. Fields's argument that race is a social construction, this study asks: How did Sporting Life construct race during the first decade of its existence? The researcher examined a census of Sporting Life issues between March 1883 and December 1889 for references to race. Overall, 169 articles from 348 issues of the weekly journal were identified and analyzed. Prior scholars have argued that Sporting Life was a progressive mouthpiece, encouraging the inclusion of African Americans in the National League and American Association, or an indifferent reflection of popular societal portrayals. This study uncovers a finer degree of nuance in its coverage of race. As a cultural forum, Sporting Life both perpetuated and con...
Ferdinand de Saussure and the Development of Semiology

De Saussure was born on November 26, 1857 into one of Calvinist Geneva’s prominent patrician families. For generations, the de Saussures had excelled in the sciences, producing well-known botanists and mineralogists.3 As a young boy, de Saussure was already fluent in French, German, English, Latin, and Greek, an achievement which was not unusual in cultivated families at that time. At the age of fifteen, he wrote an essay on the general system of languages (“Essai sur les langues”, 1872) which clearly showed the influence of the historical linguist Pictet, a friend of the de Saussure family. From 1873 to 1875 he attended a Gymnase. Then, in accordance with the wishes of his parents, he began studying physics and chemistry at the University of Geneva. In 1876, however, with the permission of his parents, he switched to linguistics and transferred to the University of Leipzig. In the same year he became a member of the recently founded “Societe de Linguistique de Paris,” for which he wrote a series of specialized research papers.
Epilogue as Conclusion

The conclusion summarizes how the Russian diaspora in its early years viewed Kant in order to show how Russian philosophy differed from Western philosophy. The dominent ontological orientation of Russian philosophy remained. Thus, in light of the emerging interest in ontology in the West, it is doubtful that the nascent epistemological concerns of the neo-Kantians would have gained ascendency had Russian philosophy not been disrupted by political events.
Autoimmune Hepatitis in the Liver Transplant Graft

Recurrent autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) and de novo AIH are 2 important causes of late graft failure after liver transplantation (LT). Recurrent AIH occurs in patients who undergo LT for AIH. De novo AIH occurs in patients who are transplanted for etiologies other than AIH. Although typically treated with standard treatment for AIH, including corticosteroids and azathioprine, both recurrent and de novo AIH may progress to end-stage liver disease requiring retransplantation.
Real Estate Price Dynamics and the Value of Flexibility

This paper presents a model of real estate asset price dynamics based on empirical evidence, economic theory, and common sense. We note important differences between real estate versus stock market price dynamics. We then use this model to simulate the investment performance of archetypical property investments, in stabilized income-producing property, and in multi-asset development projects. We quantitatively explore the effects of uncertainty on investment performance, for example, the positive skew in the valuation distribution and the positive bias in the pro-forma return compared with the expected return due to Jensen’s Inequality. We then focus on the value added by flexibility, including various types of real options in development projects. We consider the value of resale timing flexibility in stabilized property investment, and the value of production delay and product switching options in the development project. We find that with typical real estate price dynamics, flexibility adds considerable value, and greatly improves the expected return. In stabilized property investment, resale timing flexibility can add 25% to the private valuation of the property. In multi-asset development, we find that timing options are redundant within themselves, but additive with product type options. Delay options provide significant downside protection, and combined with product switching can add over one-third to the value of the project as measured by its implied bid-price for the land.
Criminalization of Blackness: Systemic Racism and the Reproduction of Racial Inequality in the US Criminal Justice System

What is termed “mass incarceration” has fallen especially hard on black men in the US. Moreover, time and again, unarmed blacks are gunned down by law enforcement officials and civilians with the slightest of provocation. Trayvon Martin was wearing a hoodie, Freddie Gray made eye contact with police officers, and numerous other African Americans made sudden moves, reached for their car keys, or were seen playing with a toy gun. While their deaths receive considerable media attention, the author argues that, while tragic, they are just the most severe example of the enduring systematic criminalization of blackness. Using Joe R. Feagin’s theory of systemic racism, the author analyzes the hyper-criminalization of black men, women, and children over the long arc of US history.
Feasibility Study of a Nonlinear Ultrasonic Technique to Evaluate Adhesive Bonds

To date, the nondestructive determination of the integrity and true strength of an adhesively bonded structure still represents a significant challenge for the NDE community. While much progress has been made in recent years, theoretically as well as experimentally,1–4 which has led to increased interest in nonlinear ultrasonic techniques, it is often times difficult to experimentally realize some of these potential methods.
DNA POLYMERASE I-DEPENDENT REPLICATION

ABSTRACT HS432, an E. Coli strain containing a pol Cts mutation becomes temperature-resistant (TR) with introduction of a wild-type pol A does not when a temperature-sensitive gene is introduced. A spontaneous TR revertant of HS432 showing a Pol I + phenotype become duction of a TS pol A gene. Our results argue that E. coli possesses alternate routes of DNA replication and may use DNA polymerase I alon for replication.
Managing Capital and Insolvency Risk via Internal Capital Market Transactions: The Case of Life Insurers

Understanding the movement of capital between insurers and affiliated companies under common ownership is important for understanding insurer insolvency risk and the impact of regulatory policies regarding capital standards and group supervision. Aggregate data indicate that life insurers received substantial internal capital contributions from other entities in their group and decreased the internal shareholder dividends paid during the financial crisis. Panel data estimates indicate that, on average, a dollar decrease in net income when net income is negative is associated with a $0.32 increase in capital contributions from other entities in the group, and that a dollar increase in net income when net income is positive is associated with a $0.56 increase in the amount of internal shareholder dividends paid by the insurer to other entities in the group. Also, insurers with low (high) risk-based capital ratios receive more (less) internal capital contributions than other insurers. While the sensitivity of internal capital movements to performance and capitalization is concentrated in groups with a large number of affiliates, insurers in these groups do not on average, holding other factors constant, have lower capital or lower liquidity ratios than insurers in groups with less active internal capital markets.
82-P: BORTEZOMIB USE FOR ANTIBODY-MEDIATED REJECTION IN PEDIATRIC HEART TRANSPLANT

Aim Bortezomib has activity against mature plasma cells, the source of potentially harmful donor-specific antibody (DSA) and antibody-mediated rejection (AMR). We present the use of bortezomib in 2 children with AMR after heart transplant (Tx). Methods Case 1: 3 yo with repaired congenital heart disease (CHD) with VAD placed for ventricular dysfunction. 2 DSAs were present at Tx with X-match positive. Initial therapy with Simulect (induction), plasmapheresis (Px), and IVIG 2 gm/kg cleared DSA. 18 days later a new DSA appeared. C4d on biopsy was negative. IVIG was repeated. DSA levels later increased with positive C4d and hemodynamic change. Bortezomib protocol was started: 1.3 mg/m2 IV every 3-4 days for 4 doses, Solumedrol 5 mg/kg with each dose, Px prior to bortezomib dose then for 3 consecutive days 3 days after the last dose, and rituximab 375 mg/m2 the day before protocol started. Serial HLA antibody testing was performed. Case 2: 3 yo with CHD transplanted at 11 mo developed acute AMR following viral illness. Steroids and IVIG produced no response. Bortezomib protocol was started without rituximab. Results DSA MFIs over time are presented below. Tx = transplant; Px = pheresis; Bor = bortezomib. Case 1 [Fig. 1] Case 2 [Fig. 2]. Download : Download full-size image Download : Download full-size image Conclusions Bortezomib can be used successfully to treat early and late AMR associated with DSA. Neither patient has had recurrence of antibody after 1 year follow-up.
EXCITED STATE FORMATION IN THE IRRADIATION OF 1,3-CYCLOHEXADIENE

Abstract Irradiation of 1,3-cyclohexadiene with high energy radiation leads to dimerization. Relative amounts of these dimers vary widely with reaction conditions but the composition of the mixtures can be expressed in terms of variable amounts of two groups each of which contains the dimers in a fixed proportion. The evidence indicates that one of these groups arises from dimerization of the cyclohexadiene cation and that the other originates from diene triplets. The latter in turn appear to be produced by neutralization of ions. Singlet product, 1, 3, 5-hexatriene, is also formed but is not ionic in origin. The effect of a change in linear energy transfer on the radiation processes is also investigated.