cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
ReImagine: Amulti-Disciplinary Quality Improvement Plan to Work at Top of Scope.

Abstract Background There is a growing need for quality, community care models centered on the care of the child with medical complexity. This quality improvement project was conducted in a community-based medical daycare program within a large, metropolitan, pediatric hospital network of care location. A multi-disciplinary team, led by a clinical nurse specialist, occupational therapist, and early childhood special education teacher, addressed staff frustrations and low morale related to barriers to working at top of scope and feelings of a chaotic care and learning environment for children. Aims To improve staff satisfaction through a decrease in perceived barriers to practicing at top of scope and to refocus each discipline's role. A secondary aim was to improve child engagement through restructuring the therapeutic and learning environment and reducing distractions to better meet the unique needs of the children the program serves. Methods This quality improvement (QI) project used multiple methods, including staff surveys, child observations and timecard review, to measure the project's impact on ability to work at top scope, child engagement and staff satisfaction. Results The QI project resulted in positively impacting work culture and structure by increased time professional staff practiced at the top of scope, decreased perceived barriers to do so, improved overall job satisfaction and improved child engagement. Conclusion Increased multidisciplinary collaboration and increased structure promoted an enhanced learning environment, healthier staff environment, and a more fiscally responsible program. There is little knowledge about medical daycares and further investigations in this setting is warranted.
Strategic Hardware Trojan Testing with Hierarchical Trojan Types

In this paper, we consider the problem of detecting hardware Trojans in an Integrated Circuit (IC) from a game theoretic standpoint. The paper considers the presence of multiple classes of Trojans, with each class containing multiple Trojan types, and characterizes the Nash Equilibrium (NE) strategy for inserting a Trojan (from the perspective of a malicious entity) and detecting a Trojan (from the perspective of a defender) under consideration of the impact that an undetected Trojan has on the defender's system. The paper also models a sequential hardware Trojan testing game, where the defender tests for the presence of Trojans over time, and characterizes the NE strategy of such a game. Numerous simulation results are presented to gain insights into the game theoretic hardware Trojan testing techniques presented in the paper.
Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS.gov)

As an initiative of the National Cancer Institute (NCI), the Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS) is a recurring, cross-sectional national survey to assess how adults in the United States access and use health information, their perceptions of health risk, and their participation in health-promoting or health-risking behaviors with an emphasis on cancer-related topics. The HINTS website ( ) gives free public access to all HINTS survey materials, data, and analyses. HINTS data can be used to inform the design and evaluation of cancer control and other health related communication programs, and serve as a starting point for further independent research. This article provides an overview of the resources available at ( ) and suggests factors to bear in mind while navigating the site.
Effects of Boundary Conditions on Microstructure-Sensitive Fatigue Crystal Plasticity Analysis

The relative fatigue resistance of different polycrystalline microstructures can be evaluated using fatigue indicator parameters (FIPs) that serve as surrogate measures for the fatigue crack formation driving force. This typically requires simulating many grains/phases to capture sufficient microstructure heterogeneity. Thus, the concept of a representative volume element (RVE) for fatigue-related properties has remained computationally prohibitive and elusive. Alternatively, ensembles of statistical volume elements (SVEs) can be simulated to build up the extreme value fatigue response. A crucial consideration in these types of crystal plasticity finite element method (CPFEM) simulations is the nature of applied boundary conditions. Fatigue crack formation has been experimentally observed to occur either at or near the free surface or throughout the specimen volume, depending on the material microstructure, surface conditions, and the fatigue regime (e.g., low cycle, transition, or high cycle fatigue). The recently developed open-source PRISMS-Fatigue framework (Yaghoobi et al. in NPJ Comput Mater 7:38, 2021) enables the simulation of very large microstructures that may be used to study fatigue RVE characteristics. The available multi-point constraints in PRISMS-Fatigue impose periodic boundary conditions that can appropriately distinguish between the bulk and surface driving forces for fatigue crack formation. We demonstrate the efficacy of these multi-point constraints in microstructure-sensitive CPFEM simulations and compare the extreme value fatigue crack driving force response using various boundary conditions, microstructures, and crystallographic textures. The effects of applied boundary conditions on different mechanical responses such as the macroscopic stress–strain response, local measures of plastic slip, and corresponding FIPs are studied. The results provide guidance for microstructure-sensitive crystal plasticity fatigue studies and demonstrate the advanced capabilities of PRISMS-Fatigue to model large volumes of material microstructure.
Association of Low-Density Lipoprotein Testing after an Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Event with Subsequent Statin Adherence and Intensification.

PURPOSE Evaluate associations between outpatient low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) testing and subsequent statin adherence and intensification in patients after an atherosclerotic cardiovascular (ASCVD) event. METHODS Longitudinal study of adult members of Kaiser Permanente Northern California hospitalized with an ASCVD event (myocardial infarction or stroke) during 01/01/2016 to 12/31/2017 with follow-up through 12/31/2019. Outcomes were statin adherence (estimated using continuous medication gap (CMG)) and intensification (defined by an increased dose or switch to a higher-intensity statin) based on pharmacy dispensing. The exposure of interest was first outpatient LDL-C test after an ASCVD event. Baseline for follow-up was LDL-C test date or a date assigned using incidence density sampling. Multivariate logistic regression models were specified to estimate the odds ratios (OR) for statin adherence or intensification among those with versus without an LDL-C test, with adjustment for age, sex, race/ethnicity, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, BMI and eGFR. RESULTS There were 19,604 adults hospitalized with ASCVD including 7,054 adults not on high-intensity statins; mean age was 69.5 years and 33.0% were women. Prevalence of good adherence (CMG≤20%) was significantly higher (80.2% vs 75.9%; OR=1.38; 95% CI: 1.28, 1.49; p<.001) among participants who had an LDL-C test compared to participants who did not. LDL-C testing was associated with significantly higher rates of treatment intensification (16.1% vs 10.7%; OR=1.51; 95% CI: 1.29, 1.76; p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS LDL-C testing is recommended for patients with a history of ASCVD and may be a high-value and low-cost intervention to improve adherence and statin management.
A Study of Heavy Gas Effects on the Atmospheric Dispersion of Dense Gases

The atmospheric dispersion of a large, heavier-than-air gas release is affected by several physical phenomena that either do not occur or are unimportant in neutrally buoyant and trace gas releases. These include turbulence damping due to stable density stratification of the heavy gas cloud, alteration of the ambient velocity field due to gravity flow and the source momentum flux in a large release and, for cold gas releases, the effects of heat flow from the ground on cloud buoyancy and turbulence. Furthermore, the time scale of interest for a particular heavy gas release may differ considerably from the long term dose concerns associated with typical atmospheric pollutants. For example, in combustible gases releases, one is concerned with the instantaneous concentration, while in a toxic gas release one might be concerned about doses over minutes to hours. In order to make meaningful predictions of the size and duration of the hazardous concentration region from a large, heavy gas release, all of the significant physical phenomena need to be included and the appropriate concentration averaging time needs to be used.
Thoracic Manifestations of Systemic Diseases

A wide variety of systemic diseases have manifestations in the pediatric chest. Among these systemic diseases are connective tissue diseases, granulomatous diseases, immunodeficiency disorders, vasculitis, sickle cell disease, cystic fibrosis, ciliary dyskinesia, histiocytosis, phakomatoses, and storage disorders. The primary manifestations are diverse, and may include interstitial lung disease, air space disease, pleuritis, lymphadenopathy, and skeletal abnormalities. Secondary effects, such as bronchiectasis from recurrent infection, are also common. Although the underlying systemic disease has often been previously diagnosed, it is not uncommon for pulmonary manifestations to be the first signs of a systemic disease, and knowledge of the pertinent clinical and imaging features may allow the radiologist to be the first to suggest an underlying systemic disease.
The Rise and (Relative) Fall of Earmarks: Congress and Reform, 2006–2010

Congressional earmark reform efforts began in 2006. This paper reviews the literature on earmarks and documents the rise and relative fall in earmark spending using four databases. It identifies and critiques earmark reforms, including congressional rules and initiatives taken by the appropriations committees and congressional party organizations. Rules and committee-initiated reforms were the most effective, producing significant improvements in transparency and expediting availability of information. The number of earmarks and their dollar value first dropped noticeably in 2007 after an earmark moratorium, then stabilized as reforms were implemented. It is premature to conclude that reforms will alter the policy content of earmarks or their distribution.
Putrescine biosynthesis in Escherichia coli. Regulation through pathway selection.

Previous studies have shown that putrescine can be synthesized by two pathways (Fig. 1) and that the rate of urea production by whole cells of Escherichia coli reflects the rate of conversion of arginine to putrescine (Pathway II). In this paper, we make use of the latter observation to assess the relative functioning of the two pathways of putrescine synthesis in vivo. In cells growing in unsupplemented minimal medium, the route from ornithine to putrescine (Pathway I) is preferred. On the other hand, when cells are provided exogenous arginine, Pathway II is utilized almost exclusively. Under both conditions of arginine nutrition, the total rate of putrescine synthesis is identical. The degree of utilization of Pathway I in minimal medium is a strain-specific phenomenon, depending on the level of the arginine biosynthetic enzymes. In strains with low levels of ornithine transcarbamylase, greater than 95% of the cellular putrescine is synthesized via Pathway I. In cells with high levels, the preference for Pathway I is less striking or in the extreme case, nonexistent. The mechanism for this modulation of putrescine pathway selection by the levels of the enzymes of arginine biosynthesis is related to the intracellular pool sizes of ornithine and arginine. Whereas the intracellular arginine level remains relatively invariant, there is a direct correlation between the intracellular ornithine pool and the proportion of putrescine synthesized via Pathway I. Possible mechanisms for this pathway selection are discussed.
Did divorces decline after the attacks on the World Trade Center

The attack on the World Trade Center (WTC) on September 11, 2001, was an act of terrorism that had many potential influences on the city and state, including influences on families. We analyzed divorce data from 1991 to 2005 for all 62 New York counties to assess divorce response to the attack on the WTC. The results suggested that there were lower observed divorce rates in New York following the attack on the WTC than the prevailing 10-year cubic divorce trend would have predicted. We also compared counties in and around New York City to those farther away, and we compared metropolitan to nonmetropolitan counties in New York. In metropolitan counties, divorces were lower in the predicted direction.
Pulmonary pathophysiology and lung mechanics in anesthesiology: a case-based overview.

The induction and maintenance of anesthesia, surgical requirements, and patients’ unique pathophysiology all combine to create a setting in which our accumulated knowledge of respiratory physiology and lung mechanics take on immediate and central importance in patient management. In this review we will take a case-based approach to illustrate how the complex interactions between anesthesia, surgery, and patient disease impact patient care with respect to pulmonary pathophysiology and clinical decision-making. We will examine two disparate scenarios: a patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease undergoing a lung resection, and a patient with coronary artery disease undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass. In each example we will illustrate how important concepts in pulmonary physiology and respiratory mechanics impact clinical management decisions.
Electric arc furnace impact on generator torque

Electric arc furnaces draw power in pulses at approximately 5-6 Hz. This pulsing load is generally modeled as step-load-step-unload where the step is a complete load and complete unload. This step in power creates a step in the electrical torque of a generator supplying electricity to the electric arc furnace. This step in torque creates a torsional interaction that can be potentially damaging to interconnecting shafts and possibly other parts of the generator rotor train. In the worst case the generator would be completely loaded and completely unloaded during each pulse. This paper presents a description of a simple system that could be used to investigate this torsional response. PSCAD/EMTDC is used as the tool to perform this investigation. The simulation results and possible prescriptions are presented.
Metabolism of Pancreatic Carcinogens N-Nitroso-2,6-dimethylmorpholine and N-Nitrosobis(2-oxopropyl)amine by Microsomes and Cytosol of Hamster Pancreas and Liver

Liver preparations from Syrian golden hamsters catalyze the metabolism of the pancreatic carcinogen N-nitroso-2,6-dimethylmorpholine largely to N-nitroso(2-hydroxypropyl)(2-oxopropyl)amine (HPOP). This reaction is catalyzed by a mixed-function oxidase in the presence of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate and oxygen at a rate of 3.8 nmol/min/mg of protein, and it is inhibited by known cytochrome P-450-specific inhibitors. A second potent pancreatic carcinogen N-nitrosobis(2-oxopropyl)amine (BOP) is converted to HPOP by hamster liver in which two enzyme systems appear to be involved. The first is a reductase associated with microsomes which reduces BOP to HPOP in the presence of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide at a rate of 9.1 nmol/min/mg of protein. The second enzyme is a cytosolic one which catalyzes the same reaction at a slower rate (2.3 nmol/min/mg of protein) and is more effective with reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate as cofactor. Based on the amount of protein in hepatic cytosol and endoplasmic reticulum, the two enzymes may be involved to a similar extent in the reduction of BOP to HPOP in the liver. Pancreas, on the other hand, lacks the microsomal reductase for BOP but contains a cytosolic enzyme which catalyzes its reduction in the presence of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate at a rate of 0.35 nmol/min/mg of protein. Since both pancreatic carcinogens N-nitroso-2,6-dimethylmorpholine and BOP are metabolized to HPOP in the liver at rates much higher than those observed in the target organ pancreas, it is suggested that the liver may play an important role in pancreatic carcinogenesis in the hamster by these compounds.
Biomimetic monolayer-protected gold nanoparticles for immunorecognition.

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) protected by self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) are capable of presenting precisely engineered surfaces at the nanoscale, allowing the mimicry of biomacromolecules on an artificial platform. Here we review the generation, characterization, and applications of monolayer-protected AuNPs that have been designed for immunorecognition by the integration of an oligopeptide epitope into the protecting monolayer. The resulting peptide–AuNP conjugate is an effective platform for biomimesis, as demonstrated by multiple studies. Recent work is presented and future directions for this field of research are discussed.
Don't Oil your Teaching Machine:

Their findings are important because they show that delay of feedback in verbal learning can improve retention although learning is no better than with immediate feedback. Previous verbal learning studies of delay have not evaluated retention and the effects of delay on learning have been contradictory. Of course, delay in reinforcement retards learning in animals; often no learning occurs wirh delays exceeding a very few seconds. Brackbill, et al. are not surprised that their results differ from those of animal smdies. They point out that, when dealing with verbal learning with people beyond infancy, language is used to bridge time gaps, so that a reinforcement may be effective several hours or days after the behavior, as long as the giver of the reinforcement tells the person for what prior behavior he is being reinforced. Ir is now only one step more to hypothesize that the more difficult or complex the verbal task, the more benefit may be expected from increasing delay, both for immediate and for delayed retention, within some limit to be determined empirically. Some very indirect evidence for this hypothesis may be found in the report by Goldbeck and Campbell (1962), in which overt responding to moderately difficult material resulted in higher criterion scores on an immediate test than did any of three modes of responding (including overt) with easier materials. Since Ss took longer with the more difficult program than wirh the easy one, it may be supposed that some of this additional rime may have been spent in S-administered delay in reinforcement, as well as in response latency and inter-item delay, since S was allowed to expose the feedback term whenever he wished. Related implications are discussed elsewhere (Goldbeck & Briggs, 1962). Effects of feedback delay with the same materials are now being checked experimentally by the author in collaboration with Lloyd 0. Brooks, using precise time records. It would be interesting indeed if it turns out that among the many reasons why teach
Interdependenz und ideologische position: Die konditionale Diffusion der Zigarettenbesteuerung in den US-amerikanischen Bundesstaaten 1971–2006

Der vorliegende Beitrag untersucht die Interdependenz der Besteuerung von Zigaretten durch die US-amerikanischen Bundesstaaten von 1971 bis 2006. Es wird argumentiert, dass der Diffusionseinfluss der Steuerpolitik anderer Staaten konditional in Abhangigkeit von der Regierungsideologie in jenem Staat wirkt, auf den der Einfluss trifft. Genauer wird gezeigt, dass lediglich Regierungen, die nicht dem rechten ideologischen Spektrum zuzurechnen sind, ein Umfeld hoher Zigarettensteuern als Gelegenheit zur Durchsetzung gesundheitspolitischer und fiskalischer Ziele benutzen. Umgekehrt kann sich eine starker staatsinterventionistisch gepragte Regierungsideologie nur dann entfalten, wenn sie ein geeignetes Umfeld hoch besteuernder Nachbarstaaten vorfindet. Ich argumentiere, dass die konditionale Fassung des Diffusionseinflusses die Moglichkeit zu einer empirisch genaueren und theoretisch reicheren Modellierung eroffnet.
The binding of magnesium to microsomal nucleoprotein and ribonucleic acid

Abstract 28 Mg was used as a tracer in studying the Mg binding by microsomal RNAP (ribonucleoprotein) and RNA isolated from rabbit reticulocytes. Methods for following the exchange of Mg by dialysis with 28 Mg, for precipitating RNA or RNAP with its complement of bound Mg, and for extracting the bound Mg are described in this report. The combination of these methods provides appropriate material for chemical and radioisotopic studies of the binding of Mg to polynucleotides. Data has been presented to indicate that almost all, if not all, the Mg of RNAP is bound by the RNA moiety. Removal of the protein component from RNAP uncovers about 30% more Mg binding sites. Preparations of RNAP isolated from buffer of low K:Mg ratio contain mostly intact 80 S particles and have a Mg:P molar ratio of 0.3, similar to the ratio in intact pea microsomal particles. Dissociation of the 80 S particles occurs when the Mg:P molar ratio of RNAP is lowered to about 0.2 by isolating RNAP in buffer of high K:Mg ratio.
Earth science: Crystallography's journey to the deep Earth

Improved methods for studying minerals at extreme pressures and temperatures promise a new era for exploring our planet's centre, says Thomas Duffy.
Maturational changes in left and right ventricular electromechanical intervals in the newborn lamb.

Electromechanical intervals of right and left ventricles were examined in newborn lambs (9 hours to 42 days). The electromechanical interval of the left ventricle did not change with maturation, while that of the right ventricle became progressively longer, resulting in an increasing ventricular mechanical asynchrony. We postulate that the pattern of developing mechanical asyn-chrony described may occur secondary to postnatal changes in ventricular morphology.
Solvent Dependence of the Magnetic Ordering Temperature for Decamethylferrocenium Tetracyanoethenide, [FeIII(C5Me5)2][TCNE]·Solvent

The magnetic properties of monoclinic [FeIII(C5Me5)2]•+[TCNE]•-·MeCN (1·MeCN) have been measured and compared to that of orthorhombic [FeIII(C5Me5)2]•+[TCNE]•- (1). Peaks in both χ‘(T) and χ‘ ‘(T) ...
The Effect of Mode Distribution on Evanescent Field Intensity: Applications in Optical Fiber Sensors

This paper discusses the theoretical and experimental implications of changing the distribution of energy among the guided modes of an optical fiber. Particular emphasis is placed on optimizing the intensity of the evanescent field for near-infrared sensor applications. Both theoretical and experimental results show that, by the shifting of energy from low-to high-order modes, the evanescent field can be enhanced by as much as an order of magnitude. A second benefit of adjusting the mode distribution through mode scrambling is the generation of a stable mode distribution which is relatively insensitive to minor changes in the fiber-optic launch conditions. Therefore, mode scrambling can provide a more stable and more sensitive evanescent field sensor suitable for spectroscopic applications.
Identifying and classifying damaged peanut kernels using ultraviolet, visible, and infrared sensors

Spectral reflectance characteristics of peanut kernels were measured using ultraviolet, visible, and infrared sensors. Kernels were classified into categories based on their spectral characteristics. Correlations of the reflectance data with qualitative and quantitative quality measurements then indicated the effectiveness of various optical sensors in identifying poor quality peanuts. The accuracy of various sensors when identifying poor quality peanuts is reported.
Narragansett bay pollution control: An evaluation of program outcome

Abstract Program evaluation, a technique used to measure the effectiveness of governmental programs, is applied to estuarine management. Point source loadings of oxygen demanding organic material and ambient conditions of bottom water dissolved oxygen in the upper reaches of the Narragansett estuary were examined over recent decades to determine the effects of a sweage treatment plant in reducing pollution. Two tests of program outcome are presented. The first demonstrates that a statistically significant increase in bottom water dissolved oxygen is correlated with a sewage treatment plant upgrade. Other possible causes for this change are examined and eliminated. Apparently, enhanced sewage treatment is the cause of an improvement in dissolved oxygen, one measure of ambient water quality. The second analysis shows that these improvements in water quality exceed those that could be attributed to improved background conditions caused by reduced loading from the major river. Estuarine segments lacking impro...
Diversity and convergence of sodium channel mutations involved in resistance to pyrethroids

Pyrethroid insecticides target voltage-gated sodium channels, which are critical for electrical signaling in the nervous system. The intensive use of pyrethroids in controlling arthropod pests and disease vectors has led to many instances of pyrethroid resistance around the globe. In the past two decades, studies have identified a large number of sodium channel mutations that are associated with resistance to pyrethroids. The purpose of this review is to summarize both common and unique sodium channel mutations that have been identified in arthropod pests of importance to agriculture or human health. Identification of these mutations provides valuable molecular markers for resistance monitoring in the field and helped the discovery of the elusive pyrethroid receptor site(s) on the sodium channel.
Does neurofilament phosphorylation regulate axonal transport

Phosphorylation of neurofilaments has long been considered to regulate their axonal transport rate and, in doing so, to provide stability to mature axons. Interpretation of data recently obtained following C-terminal deletion experiments has prompted a challenge to this hypothesis. We present evidence that these deletion studies remain consistent with, rather than refute, a role for C-terminal phosphorylation in regulation of neurofilament axonal transport.
Multimodal user input patterns in a non-visual context

How will users choose between speech and hand inputs to perform tasks when they are given equivalent choices between both modalities in a non-visual interface? This exploratory study investigates this question. The study was conducted using AudioBrowser, a non-visual information access for the visually impaired. Findings include: (1) Users chose between input modalities based on the type of operations undertaken. Navigation operations primarily used hand input on the touchpad, while non-navigation instructions primarily used speech input. (2) Surprisingly, multimodal error correction was not prevalent. Repeating a failed operation until it succeeded and trying other methods in the same input modality were dominant error-correction strategies. (3) The modality learned first was not necessarily the primary modality used later, but a training order effect existed. These empirical results provide implications for designing non-visual multimodal input dialogues.
Patterns of resource-use and competition for mutualistic partners between two species of obligate cleaner fish

Cleaner mutualisms on coral reefs, where specialized fish remove parasites from many species of client fishes, have greatly increased our understanding of mutualism, yet we know little about important interspecific interactions between cleaners. Here, we explore the potential for competition between the cleaners Labroides dimidiatus and Labroides bicolor during two distinct life stages. Previous work has demonstrated that in contrast to L. dimidiatus, which establish cleaning stations, adult L. bicolor rove over large areas, searching for clients. We show that site-attached juvenile L. bicolor associate with different microhabitat than juvenile L. dimidiatus and that L. bicolor specialize on a narrower range of species than L. dimidiatus as both juveniles and adults. Further, we present evidence suggesting that differences in resource-use are influenced by competitive interactions between the two species. Finally, we discuss the implications of these results for understanding the ecology and evolution of the mutualism.
Work–Family Conflicts and Marital Satisfaction Among US Workers: Does Stress Amplification Matter?

The toll that the stress inherent in navigating work and family can have on marriages is well documented. While previous scholarship has highlighted the particularly salient roles of work-to-family conflict and family-to-work conflict, we know little about the impacts of the joint experience of these forms of conflict on marital satisfaction. Informed by stress amplification theory, this study considered the interaction between work-to-family conflict and family-to-work conflict in predicting the marital satisfaction of US workers. Using data from the 2002 National Study of the Changing Workforce (N = 1,046 married men and 776 married women), we found work-to-family conflict’s negative association with marital satisfaction was amplified when family-to-work conflict was also high. Implications of the findings were discussed.
Subthreshold Generation of Free Radicals in Shock-Loaded Organic Solids

A wide variety of chemical reactions have been observed in organic compounds subjected to shock loading [1]. A shock wave in condensed media produces a unique and violent environment which is characterized by high pressure, elevated temperature, strong shear forces, and large rates of change of these parameters. The resulting conditions on the molecular size scale are not well understood at present, but seem to produce both static and dynamic damage to both the lattice structure and the molecular structure which serves, in some cases, to greatly accelerate reaction rates relative to equivalent, but static, conditions of temperature and pressure [1]. For instance, there are examples of shock-induced polymerizations occurring perhaps ten orders of magnitude faster than is seen in conventional processes, and also reactions which only occur conventionally via the action of a catalyst which occur with large yield under shock loading. Such unusual reactive processes provide a probe into the molecular-scale environment of a shocked material, since chemistry almost always takes place between neighboring molecules.
Ethics and Technical Communication: The Past Quarter Century:

Ethics as a topic in technical communication has grown in interest in the past quarter century as the field itself has matured. We now understand technical communication as involved in communicating not only technical information but also values, ethics, and tacit assumptions represented in goals. It also is involved in accommodating the values and ethics of its many audiences. This understanding is linked to an awareness of the social nature of all discourse and the root interconnectedness of rhetoric and ethics. This article presents an introduction and annotated bibliography of articles from technical writing and communication journals over this period, arranged in categories of professional, academic, and systematic approaches. Ethics is broadly conceived to include not only particular theories but also systems of values and principles.
Rewriting the Saints' Lives: Louise Erdrich's The Last Report on the Miracles at Little No Horse

This article explores Louise Erdrich's use of the saints' lives as a subtext in The Last Report on the Miracles at Little No Horse. Erdrich repeatedly rewrites central stories from the medieval canon of saints, creating in effect a kind of hijacked hagiography. This revision questions the relationship between the Catholic religion and Ojibwe beliefs, presenting the encounter between Catholicism and Anishinabe less as a straightforward conflict and more as a complex web of borrowings, reappropriations, and transformations. Because the saints offered models for holy living, Erdrich also challenges the role of imitation in constituting identity.
Single mode lasing in a 200μm diameter core gain-guided index anti-guided diode end pumped fiber

Single mode laser oscillation is achieved in a 200 μum diameter core end pumped gain guided index anti-guided fiber. The near-Gaussian beam quality of the laser is maintained at up to four times laser threshold.
Structural and functional analysis of ProQ: an osmoregulatory protein of Escherichia coli.

Transporter ProP of Escherichia coli senses extracellular osmolality and responds by mediating cytoplasmic accumulation of organic solutes such as proline. Lesions at the proQ locus reduce ProP activity in vivo. ProQ was previously purified and characterized. Homology modeling predicted that ProQ possesses an α-helical N-terminal domain (residues 1−130) and a β-sheet C-terminal domain (residues 181−232) connected by an unstructured linker. In this work, we tested the structural model for ProQ, explored the solubility and folding of full length ProQ and its domains in diverse buffers, and tested the impacts of the putative ProQ domains on ProP activity in vivo. Limited tryptic proteolysis of ProQ revealed protease resistant fragments corresponding to the predicted N-terminal and C-terminal domains. Polypeptides corresponding to the predicted N- and C-terminal domains could be overexpressed and purified to near homogeneity using nickel affinity, size exclusion and reversed phase chromatographies. Circular d...
Corporate advertising, public relations and popular exhibits: The case of du pont

(1993). Corporate advertising, public relations and popular exhibits: The case of du pont. History and Technology: Vol. 10, No. 1, pp. 67-75.
Advanced Maillard reaction end products are associated with Alzheimer disease pathology

During aging long-lived proteins accumulate specific post-translational modifications. One family of modifications, termed Maillard reaction products, are initiated by the condensation between amino groups of proteins and reducing sugars. Protein modification by the Maillard reaction is associated with crosslink formation, decreased protein solubility, and increased protease resistance. Here, we present evidence that the characteristic pathological structures associated with Alzheimer disease contain modifications typical of advanced Maillard reaction end products. Specifically, antibodies against two Maillard end products, pyrraline and pentosidine, immunocytochemically label neurofibrillary tangles and senile plaques in brain tissue from patients with Alzheimer disease. In contrast, little or no staining is observed in apparently healthy neurons of the same brain. The Maillard-reaction-related modifications described herein could account for the biochemical and insolubility properties of the lesions of Alzheimer disease through the formation of protein crosslinks.
Ideas of Habit and Custom in Early Modern Philosophy

(2011). Ideas of Habit and Custom in Early Modern Philosophy. Journal of the British Society for Phenomenology: Vol. 42, Habit, pp. 18-32.
Tropylium tetrafluoroborate, a novel substrate for aldehyde oxidase

The stabilized carbonium ion salt, tropylium tetrafluoroborate, was oxidized to tropone (cycloheptatrienone) by rabbit liver aldehyde oxidase but not by the closely related molybdenum hydroxylase, xanthine oxidase. The tropylium cation is an aromatic hydrocarbon which lacks the aldehyde, imine, or iminium functional groups present in other substrates of aldehyde oxidase. The unique structural features of the tropylium ion should make it a useful tool for mechanistic studies of aldehyde oxidase.
Chandra X-Ray Observatory Arcsecond Imaging of the Young, Oxygen-rich Supernova Remnant 1E 0102.2-7219.

We present observations of the young, oxygen-rich supernova remnant 1E 0102.2-7219 taken by the Chandra X-Ray Observatory during its orbital activation and checkout phase. The boundary of the blast-wave shock is clearly seen for the first time, allowing the diameter of the remnant and the mean blast-wave velocity to be determined accurately. The prominent X-ray bright ring of material may be the result of the reverse shock encountering ejecta; the radial variation of O VII versus O VIII emission indicates an ionizing shock propagating inward, possibly through a strong density gradient in the ejecta. We compare the X-ray emission with Australia Telescope Compact Array 6 cm radio observations (Amy & Ball) and with archival Hubble Space Telescope [O III] observations. The ring of radio emission is predominantly inward of the outer blast wave, which is consistent with an interpretation of synchrotron radiation originating behind the blast wave but outward of the bright X-ray ring of emission. Many (but not all) of the prominent optical filaments are seen to correspond to X-ray bright regions. We obtain an upper limit of ~9 × 1033 ergs s-1 (3 σ) on any potential pulsar X-ray emission from the central region.
Using electrochemical methods to determine alloy 22’s crevice corrosion repassivation potential

Alloy 22 (N06022) is a nickel-based alloy highly resistant to corrosion. In aggressive conditions of high chloride concentration, temperature, and applied potential, alloy 22 may suffer crevice corrosion, a form of localized corrosion. Several electrochemical methods can be used to detect localized corrosion in metallic alloys. One of the most popular for rapid screening is cyclic potentiodynamic polarization (CPP). This work compares the repassivation potentials obtained using CPP to repassivation potentials obtained using the Tsujikawa-Hisamatsu Electrochemical method and the potentiostatic method.
Synthesis, enantiomeric resolution, F-18 labeling and biodistribution of reboxetine analogs: promising radioligands for imaging the norepinephrine transporter with positron emission tomography

Racemic and enantiomerically pure ((S,S) and (R,R)) 2-[alpha-(2-(2-[(18)F]fluoroethoxy)phenoxy)benzyl]morpholine ([(18)F]FRB) and its tetradeuterated form [(18)F]FRB-D(4), analogs of the highly selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor reboxetine (2-[alpha-(2-ethoxyphenoxy)benzyl]morpholine, RB), have been synthesized for studies of norepinephrine transporter (NET) system with positron emission tomography (PET). The [(18)F]fluorinated precursor, (S,S)/(R,R)-N-tert-butyloxycarbonyl-2-[alpha-(2-hydroxyphenoxy)benzyl]morpholine ((S,S)/(R,R)-N-Boc-desethylRB), was prepared by the N-protection of (S,S)/(R,R)-2-[alpha-(2-hydroxyphenoxy)benzyl]morpholine ((S,S)/(R,R)-desethylRB) with a tert-butyloxycarbonyl (Boc) group followed by enantiomeric resolution with chiral HPLC to provide both (S,S) and (R,R) enantiomers with >99% enantiomeric purity. These compounds were then used for radiosynthesis to prepare enantiomerically pure [(18)F]FRB and [(18)F]FRB-D(4) via the following three-step procedure: (1) formation of 1-bromo-2-[(18)F]fluoroethane ([(18)F]BFE or [(18)F]BFE-D(4)) by nucleophilic displacement of 2-bromoethyl triflate (or D(4) analog) with no-carrier added [(18)F]F(-) in THF; (2) reaction of [(18)F]BFE (or [(18)F]BFE-D(4)) with N-Boc-desethylRB in DMF in the presence of excess base; and (3) deprotection with trifluoroacetic acid. The racemates, (S,S) and (R,R) enantiomers of [(18)F]FRB and [(18)F]FRB-D(4) were obtained in 11-27% (decay corrected to the end of bombardment, EOB) in 120-min synthesis time with a radiochemical purity of >98% and specific activities of 21-48 GBq/micromol (EOB). The results of the whole-body biodistribution studies with (S,S)-[(18)F]FRB-D(4) were similar to those with (S,S)-[(18)F]FRB but showed relatively faster blood clearance and no significant in vivo defluorination. Positron emission tomography studies in baboon brain also showed that (S,S)-[(18)F]FRB-D(4) may be a potentially useful ligand for imaging NET with PET.
Sensitivity of Spatial Analysis Neural Network training and interpolation to structural parameters

A Spatial Analysis Neural Network (SANN) algorithm was applied for the analysis of geospatial data, on the basis of nonparametric statistical analysis and the concepts of traditional Artificial Neural Networks. SANN consists of a number of layers in which the neurons or nodes between layers are interconnected successively in a feed-forward direction. The Gaussian Kernel Function layer has several nodes, and each node has a transfer or an activation function that only responds (or activates) when the input pattern falls within its receptive field, which is defined by its smoothing parameter or width. The activation widths are functions of the model structural parameters, including the number of the nearest neighbor points P and a control factor F. The estimation method is based on two operational modes, namely, a training-validation mode in which the model structure is constructed and validated, and an interpolation mode. In this paper we discuss the effect of varying F and P upon the accuracy of the estimation in a two-dimensional domain for different input field sizes, using spatial data of wheat crop yield from Eastern Colorado. Crop yield is estimated as a function of the two-dimensional Cartesian coordinates (easting and northing). The results of the research led to the conclusion that optimal values of F and P depend on the sample size, i.e., for small data sets F=1.5 and P=7 while for large data sets F=2.5 and P=9. In addition, the accuracy of the interpolated field varies with the sample size. As expected for small sample sizes, the interpolated field and its variability may be significantly underestimated.
Ascending Aortic Dissection: Look Again Before You Leap

Advances in imaging technology can provide a potentially more accurate, precise, and timely diagnosis. However, false-positive results, particularly when acute aortic pathology is being considered, can lead to unnecessary interventions. We present a case of a computed tomography scan that was false-positive for aortic dissection and highlight the importance of confirmatory studies.
Heat Pulse Propagation Along Silicon Nanofilms

Recent advances in nanotechnology create a demand for greater scientific understanding of the transient ballistic phonon transport at the nanoscale. It is believed that ballistic phonons may travel for long distances without destruction, but it is unclear how far they can travel. Here, a numerical model is developed to study phonon transport in silicon nanofilms. It is elucidated how thermal pulses are transmitted in silicon nanofilms by longitudinal, ballistic transverse and dispersive transverse phonons. It is found that both ballistic longitudinal and ballistic transverse phonons are highly dissipative so they can only travel for short distances, while dispersive transverse phonons at lower frequencies are less dissipative and can travel for longer distances. There exists a similarity parameter (Knudsen number) in thin-film heat conduction with different thicknesses.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Monumentalization and ritual landscapes at Fort Center in the Lake Okeechobee basin of South Florida

Why do some places seem to emerge out of a void and then continue to be occupied for millennia? How do historical factors contribute to this process? Examples of sites with grand and lengthy occupational histories can be found in the Lake Okeechobee basin of South Florida. Our research at one such site, Fort Center, contributes to the broader theoretical understanding of these issues by examining and evaluating some of the architectural constructions at this famous site. In order to conceptualize such sites, we introduce the concept of persistent monumental places. We use this notion to structure our discussion of geophysical and archaeological data on the earthworks of Fort Center in an attempt to historicize its development as an enduring place as well as microcosm of the surrounding landscape. We suggest that such a perspective aids in the investigation of larger social, economic, ritual, and environmental dimensions related to monument construction and use in the region.
Optimal-Sensitivity Analysis of Ion Channel Gating Kinetics

We propose a new approach to analysis of kinetic models for ion channel gating, based on application of fluctuating voltages through a voltage clamp, in addition to conventional techniques. We show that the channel kinetics can be probed in a much more sensitive way, leading to more efficient model selection and more reliable estimates of model parameters. We use wavelet transform as an analytic tool for fluctuating currents and parametric dispersion plots as a measure of model compatibility with experimental data.
Understanding nonlinear responses of the climate system to orbital forcing

Abstract We have recently introduced the working hypothesis that frequency modulation (FM) of the orbital eccentricity forcing may be one important source of the nonlinearities observed in δ18O time series from deep-sea sediment cores (J.H. Rial (1999a) Pacemaking the lce Ages by frequency modulation of Earth's orbital eccentricity. Science 285, 564–568). In this paper we shall discuss further evidence of frequency modulation found in data from the Vostok ice core. Analyses of the 430,000-year long, orbitally untuned, time series of CO2, deuterium, aerosol and methane, suggest frequency modulation of the 41 kyr (0.0244 kyr−1) obliquity forcing by the 413 kyr-eccentricity signal and its harmonics. Conventional and higher-order spectral analyses show that two distinct spectral peaks at ∼29 kyr (0.034 kyr−1) and ∼69 kyr (0.014 kyr−1) and other, smaller peaks surrounding the 41 kyr obliquity peak are harmonically (nonlinearly) related and likely to be FM-generated sidebands of the obliquity signal. All peaks can be closely matched by the spectrum of an appropriately built theoretical FM signal. A preliminary model, based on the classic logistic growth delay differential equation, reproduces the longer period FM effect and the familiar multiply peaked spectra of the eccentricity band. Since the FM effect appears to be a common feature in climate response, finding out its cause may help understand climate dynamics and global climate change.