cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A comparison of the response of woodchucks and rats to variations in dietary lipotrope and lipid content.

Juvenile woodchucks and weanling Fisher F344 rats were fed purified diets with or without supplemental lipotropic factors (choline, methionine, folic acid and vitamin B-12). The diets contained 10 or 20% protein. Lower weight gain due to low protein was observed in both species, while lipotrope depletion resulted in lower gain in male rats only. Urinary excretion of formimino-glutamic acid was higher due to low lipotrope in both species, as was relative liver weight. In rats, lipotrope depletion resulted in hepatic fatty metamorphosis at both levels of dietary protein with the low protein diet resulting in more severe lesions. No liver lesions were observed in woodchucks fed low lipotropes at the higher level of dietary protein, but fatty metamorphosis was observed in those fed the lower protein diets. The lesion was more severe in the low lipotrope group. The woodchuck appears to be less sensitive than the rat to induction of fatty liver by lipotrope deficiency, although the lesion was induced by lowering dietary protein.
Minimum variance generalized state estimators for multiple sensors with different delay rates

In this paper, linear minimum variance unbiased state estimation is considered for signals with sensor delay. The solutions that have been proposed for the sensor delay problem so far only involve sensors with identical delay characteristics. However, in a true sensor network system, there may be multiple sensors which may not have the same delay characteristics. Therefore, the main goal of this research is to extend and generalize the existing solutions by modeling multiple sensors having different delay characteristics. The probability of occurrence of the delay is assumed to be known from the queuing characteristics. Illustrative examples are provided to support the theory developed in this work. Simulation comparison of the solution developed in this framework to the traditional Kalman Filter shows superiority and efficiency of our technique in the case of sensor delay. Furthermore, the robustness of the proposed method is also shown by simulations.
Concomitant Forms of Abuse and Help-Seeking Behavior Among White, African American, and Latina Women Who Experience Intimate Partner Violence

This study uses National Violence against Women Survey data to investigate the differential impact of concomitant forms of violence (sexual abuse, stalking, and psychological abuse) and ethnicity on help-seeking behaviors of women physically abused by an intimate partner (n = 1,756). Controlling for severity of the physical abuse, women who experienced concomitant sexual abuse are less likely to seek help, women who experienced concomitant stalking are more likely to seek help, whereas concomitant psychological abuse is not associated with help seeking. Ethnic differences are found in help seeking from friends, mental health professionals, police, and orders of protection. Implications for service outreach are discussed.
Spinal electro-magnetic stimulation combined with transgene delivery of neurotrophin NT-3 and exercise: novel combination therapy for spinal contusion injury.

Our recent terminal experiments revealed that administration of a single train of repetitive spinal electromagnetic stimulation (sEMS; 35 min) enhanced synaptic plasticity in spinal circuitry follo...
Teaching Economics Using Historical Novels: Jonathan Harr’s the Lost Painting: The Quest for a Caravaggio Masterpiece

Undergraduate students are often interested in and benefit greatly from applications of economic principles. Although popular historical novels do not provide modern examples or business applications, they do draw from historical situations that can help engage students in economic concepts and provide a useful tool to help enhance the instruction of economics. In this paper, we discuss historical novels generally, as well as the specifics of how The Lost Painting, a historical novel by Jonathan Harr, could be used to serve this purpose. Topics illustrated in the novel include scarcity, opportunity cost, cost-benefit analysis, tax avoidance, labor market specialization, compensating wage differentials, competition and market structure, pricing, income, and government regulation. We also provide a detailed discussion about how some of these topics are discussed in the novel and how such a novel can be used in microeconomics instruction.
Otologic and Neurotologic Disorders

The pure tone average (PTA) is the average of hearing sensitivity at 500, 1,000, and 2,000 Hz.Otoacoustic emissions are useful for infant screening (transient evoked otoacoustic emissions have high sensitivity/specificity), disabled individuals who cannot participate in testing, diagnosis of auditory neuropathy, and malingerers.
The relationship between processes and outcomes for injured older adults: a study of a statewide trauma system.

Age is a risk factor for death, adverse outcomes, and health care use following trauma. The American College of Surgeons’ Trauma Quality Improvement Program (TQIP) has published “best practices” of geriatric trauma care; adoption of these guidelines is unknown. We sought to determine which evidence-based geriatric protocols, including TQIP guidelines, were correlated with decreased mortality in Pennsylvania’s trauma centers. PA’s level I and II trauma centers self-reported adoption of geriatric protocols. Survey data were merged with risk-adjusted mortality data for patients ≥65 from a statewide database, the Pennsylvania Trauma Systems Foundation (PTSF), to compare mortality outlier status and processes of care. Exposures of interest were center-specific processes of care; outcome of interest was PTSF mortality outlier status. 26 of 27 eligible trauma centers participated. There was wide variation in care processes. Four trauma centers were low outliers; three centers were high outliers for risk-adjusted mortality rates in adults ≥65. Results remained consistent when accounting for center volume. The only process associated with mortality outlier status was age-specific solid organ injury protocols (p = 0.04). There was no cumulative effect of multiple evidence-based processes on mortality rate (p = 0.50). We did not see a link between adoption of geriatric best-practices trauma guidelines and reduced mortality at PA trauma centers. The increased susceptibility of elderly to adverse consequences of injury, combined with the rapid growth rate of this demographic, emphasizes the importance of identifying interventions tailored to this population. III. Descriptive.
Texture-based edge bundling: A web-based approach for interactively visualizing large graphs

Directly visualizing a large graph as a node-link diagram often incurs visual clutter. Edge bundling can effectively address this issue and concisely reveal the main graph structure with reduced visual clutter. Although researchers have devoted noticeable efforts to develop acceleration methods, it remains a challenging task to efficiently conduct edge bundling on devices with a limited computing capacity, such as ubiquitous smart mobile devices. We present a new method for visualizing a node-link diagram based on force-directed edge bundling. We use textures to encode the data of lines and forces, and employ shaders to conduct the iterative line refinement on GPUs. We name this method as Texture-Based Edge Bundling (TBEB) as the major steps are done using textures. We demonstrate the high performance of TBEB using standard graphics cards. TBEB makes it feasible to interactively visualize large graphs on web-based platforms.
Predicting ureteral stones in emergency department patients with flank pain: an external validation of the STONE score

The ability to objectively predict which emergency department patients are likely to have a ureteral stone may aid in cost-effectiveness and patient-centered diagnostic imaging decisions. We performed an external validation of the STONE score, a clinical prediction rule for the presence of uncomplicated ureteral stones in emergency department patients developed at Yale University School of Medicine. Five hundred thirty-six (536) consecutive patients evaluated in an urban tertiary care emergency department for the possible diagnosis of ureteral stone were retrospectively reviewed. The STONE score uses five factors (gender, duration of pain, race, nausea/vomiting, erythrocytes on urine dipstick) to categorize patients into low, medium, and high probability of having a ureteral stone. The total STONE score risk is 0–13 and divided into three groups: low risk = 0–5, moderate risk = 6–9, and high risk = 10–13. Of the 536 patients evaluated for suspected ureteral stone, 257 (47.8 %) had a ureteral stone. Mean patient age was 45.9 years (SD 16.3), and gender distribution was 43.9 % female and 56.1 % male. Distribution of STONE score risk was 24.1 % low, 48.1 % moderate, and 27.7 % high. Diagnosis of ureteral stone by STONE score risk was 14 % for low-risk group, 48.3 % for moderate-risk group, and 75.8 % for high-risk group. This distribution is consistent with internal validation at Yale University School of Medicine, where values were 8.3–9.2 % for low risk, 51.3–51.6 % for moderate risk, and 88.6–89.6 % for high risk. Our study validates the use of the STONE clinical score to categorize patients as low, moderate, and high risk for ureteral stone. This could help guide development of clinical decision rules for diagnostic studies and imaging in the future.
Refashioning Inequality: Child Welfare at the US–Mexico Border and NGOs in Bodhgaya, India

ABSTRACTThis article draws on ethnographic research on NGOs in Bodhgaya, India, and on the child welfare system in the San Diego-Tijuana area. We approach these sites as spaces where practices of social engagement and service provision translated perceptions about government deficiency into legitimate spaces of NGO operation and into what NGO staff described as desirable opportunities to pursue socially progressive work. We argue that as these NGO staff work around, against, and through government, they rework a lack in government service into opportunities for doing good, a model for future government action, and an avenue for upward mobility and the consolidation of authority, power, and wealth. Lastly, this article examines how emergent public/private partnerships enabled particular subjects to translate axes of privilege into forms of social engagement that produced and refashioned relations of power while doing little to address the conditions that produced the inequalities they sought to address.
Omniscience and radical particularity: a reply to Simoni

This paper is a brief reply to Henry Simoni's 'Divine passibility and the problem of radical particularity: does God feel your pain?' in Religious Studies, 33 (1997). I treat his discussion of my paper entitled 'Hartshorne and Creel on impassibility', Process Studies, 21 (1992). I argue that Simoni's examples used to illustrate the purportedly contradictory nature of the experiences of a God who universally feels creaturely states fail. For Simoni tacitly employs an inadequate notion of the law of non-contradiction, and thereby misses the relevant phenomenological fact that it is possible for human beings to have integrated mental states that contain spatially distinctive but conflicting hedonic properties. Thus, it is possible for God (at least under Hartshornean descriptions) to have such experiences. I also argue that I have not 'exploited an isolated passage' in Hartshorne to make his views seem more palatable. The point of the passage in question is in fact repeated by Hartshorne and is systematically connected with his doctrine of the 'objective and subjective form of feeling'.
ANTHROPOLOGY AND THE FAIR TRADE MOVEMENT

In a world of increasing poverty, anthropologists have used their knowledge and research as proactive agents for marginalized producers who strive to meet the task of daily survival. Among the many strategies developed to improve the plight of impoverished peoples at home and abroad, one area that has particularly enhanced producers' livelihoods and standard of living is the Fair Trade movement. A global grassroots movement, fair trade fosters democratic and equitable international production and exchange. Small-scale craft, clothing and agricultural producers throughout the world trade directly with US, Canadian, European, Japanese, Australian, and New Zealand marketers who guarantee fair prices and other services.1 A number of anthropologists are currently working in the Fair Trade movement as advisors, consultants, curators and marketers (Grimes and Milgram 2000).
Nanoscale strategies: treatment for peripheral vascular disease and critical limb ischemia.

Peripheral vascular disease (PVD) is one of the most prevalent vascular diseases in the U.S. afflicting an estimated 8 million people. Obstruction of peripheral arteries leads to insufficient nutrients and oxygen supply to extremities, which, if not treated properly, can potentially give rise to a severe condition called critical limb ischemia (CLI). CLI is associated with extremely high morbidities and mortalities. Conventional treatments such as angioplasty, atherectomy, stent implantation and bypass surgery have achieved some success in treating localized macrovascular disease but are limited by their invasiveness. An emerging alternative is the use of growth factor (delivered as genes or proteins) and cell therapy for PVD treatment. By delivering growth factors or cells to the ischemic tissue, one can stimulate the regeneration of functional vasculature network locally, re-perfuse the ischemic tissue, and thus salvage the limb. Here we review recent advance in nanomaterials, and discuss how their appl...
Agonistic Behavior and Vocalizations of Orange-Chinned Parakeets in Captivity

The behavior of neotropical birds has not been as extensively investigated as that of birds common to boreal and austral faunas. This is due not to lack of interest, but to factors of inaccessibility and distance from most institutions actively engaged in avian research. Thus, in 1963 and 1964 I undertook a study of captive Orangechinned Parakeets (Brotogeris jugularis), a gregarious, neotropical species. The aim of the study was to investigate social interaction and communication between individuals, within pairs, and in different-sized flocks. Special attention was given to how certain "emotions" (e.g., levels of aggression, annoyance, appeasement) are communicated among members of a flock, and what integrated function this communication has in the daily activity and social structure of these birds. Orangechinned Parakeets, as well as many other psittacids, become relatively well adjusted to captivity, and thus afford a nearly ideal situation for studies of this kind. The present report deals with the agonistic behavior and vocal repertoire of Orange-chinned Parakeets. The two topics are interdependent. A subsequent report will describe epigamic and reproductive behavior. The distribution of Orange-chinned Parakeets. Brotogeris jugularis is found in arid tropical woodlands, from southwestern Mexico (Guerrero) south over the Pacific slope of Central America to northern Colombia and Venezuela (Peters, 1937:206207). According to Eugene Eisenmann (personal communication) the local distribution in Central America is from the lowlands to about 3000-feet elevation. In
The Law of Small Numbers

(1928). The Law of Small Numbers. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 35, No. 4, pp. 169-175.
ASCOSPORE POLYMORPHISM IN GIBBERELLA ZEAE

A range of ascospore morphologies was observed in several collections of perithecia of Gibberella zeae on Zea mays. In general, the basic ascospore condition appeared to be a spore with four, approximately equal-sized uninucleate cells. Three-celled ascospores sometimes occurred, one cell of which was binucleate and tended to be about twice the size of the others. In two-celled ascospores, both cells tended to be binucleate, while single-celled ascospores were binucleate. Ascospores of all four classes germinated on water agar with no changes in septation. Germination of three- and fourcelled ascospores was almost exclusively from one or both end cells, while two-celled spores germinated from one or both cells. Taxonomic and evolutionary implications of these findings are discussed.
A Modular Software Platform for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Autopilot Systems

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles have differing control software requirements depending on mission parameters. However, this software tends to change at a different pace than the lower-level software which underlies the higher-level guidance and control algorithms. While these algorithms evolve depending on the mission parameters or research goals, the sensor interfaces and other lower-level software need only change when the hardware itself does. This paper outlines a modular software architecture for UAV autopilots which allows for the altering of control or guidance code without modifying any other code. Modularity is achieved with the use of an Application Programming Interface (API) which abstracts away the actual sensor, navigation, and communication implementation. Using this API also allows for both easier code testing and easier hardware upgrades, as the complex software dictating the guidance and control laws does not need modification to utilize different sources of sensor information.
Analysis of the 2012 Meizhou Municipal Food and Public Place Jobholders Hepatitis A,Hepatitis E Infection

OBJECTIVE To investigate the 2012 Meizhou City food and public place jobholders glutamic-pyruvic transaminase and hepatitis A,hepatitis E infection status,looking for alanine aminotransferase and hepatitis A and E,correlation,establish archives for medical practitioners,hepatitis A and E,to provide a scientific basis for prevention and control.METHODS IFCC rate of alanine aminotransferase(ALT)detection,beyond the normal range(0～40 U/L)further by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)for detection of HAV-IgM and HEV-IgM.RESULTS in 2012,ALT were detected in 10 522,abnormal ALT value in 835 patients,the abnormal rate was 7.94%,835 copies of a IgM test,2 were positive,the positive rate was 0.24%,accounted for 0.019% of the number of physical examination,HEV IgM was detected in 835 copies,3 were positive,the positive rate was 0.36%,the total number of 0.029%,examination.CONCLUSION The abnormal rate of ALT was high,the positive rate of hepatitis A and E,low,ALT and hepatitis A and E,the relationship is not positive correlation detection work,should strengthen practitioners hepatitis A,hepatitis E,ensuring people's health.
Evaluating the association of preoperative functional status and postoperative functional decline in older patients undergoing major surgery.

This prospective cohort study sought to identify predictors of functional decline in patients aged 65 years or older who underwent major, nonemergent abdominal or thoracic surgery in our tertiary h...
The Incoherence of Determinism

I have been trying to show how and why causal explanation is inappropriate to human action, whose explanation has a different structure and does a different job from that of scientific laws and theories. Now if what has so far been maintained is correct in the main (even assuming errors of detail), does it then follow that man introduces an element of indeterminism into nature, a causally inexplicable break in the chain of law-like regularities, or can causal determinism still coexist peacefully with action discourse, as most philosophers have maintained? I shall argue here that the main accounts of the relation between mind and body relied on to support the compatibility of causal determinism with psychological explanation of voluntary action are, to the degree they are clear, clearly inconsistent.
The Rotation of Extracted Factors

This chapter discusses the rotation of extracted factors. The earliest factoring methods—Spearman's g, Spearman's modified group, and the Holzinger bifactor—directly produced interpretable factors. The general factor and the group factors are easily named and interpreted as they emerged from the analysis. The factor patterns that are produced explain the correlation matrix mathematically, but they are not usually meaningful. The extracted factors consist of one pseudo-general factor with all positive loadings and a series of one or more bipolar factors with half plus and half minus loadings. There are some criterias to enable researchers to apply the simple structure principle: (1) every variable should have a loading of zero, or nearly so, on at least one and preferably several of the factors; (2) every factor should have at least one and preferably several variables whose loadings are zero or nearly so; and (3) for every pair of factors, there should be several variables with zero entries on one but not both axes, several variables with zero loadings on both axes, and very few variables with loadings on both axes. An application of the parsimony principle is that the axes should be orthogonal, that is, the factor axes should be at right angles to one another and, thus, be statistically independent.
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee

When the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) was founded in April 1960 as a coalition of fifty-six southern college groups, the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) assumed that the new group would become its student auxiliary, under adult control. But SCLC’ executive director, Ella Baker, was wary of what she called “leader-centered groups” and privately counseled the students to remain independent, SNCC became a self-described “beloved community,” a space for young southerners, black and white, to meet as equals and practice nonviolence. This direction came from the Nashville Action Group, led by the Reverend James Lawson, a former conscientious objector, missionary in India, and field secretary for the pacifist Fellowship of Reconciliation. He drafted SNCC’ Statement of Purpose, with its intensely spiritual focus derived from the Indian leader Mohandas Gandhi’s politics of nonviolent direct action.
INPUT OF LOW-MOLECULAR-WEIGHT HYDROCARBONS FROM PETROLEUM OPERATIONS INTO THE GULF OF MEXICO

Abstract Dissolved C 1 to C 4 hydrocarbon patterns measured during the last 6 years in the Gulf of Mexico indicate that underwater venting of waste gases and brine discharges, both associated with offshore platforms, are the major sources of non-methane light hydrocarbons to upper Gulf coastal waters. These sources are apparently responsible for the two orders of magnitude increase in Louisiana Shelf waters over open ocean levels of the light hydrocarbons with average concentrations of 3100, 31, and 22 nanoliters per liter of methane, ethane, and propane, respectively. Analyses of the hydrocarbon composition of vented gases and brines and estimates of their annual discharge rates indicate that up to 450 metric tons of C 5 to C 10 hydrocarbons are being added to Louisiana Shelf waters each year. Although the C 1 to C 4 hydrocarbons per se are apparently not toxic to marine organisms, they nevertheless are proving to be highly sensitive indicators of the more toxic components of petroleum which are being introduced to the sea bv man's activities.
Supporting family child care and quality improvement: findings from an exploratory survey of Illinois child care resource and referral agency staff

Improved quality in home-based child care (family child care and family, friend, and neighbor care) is increasingly recognized as a vital component of early care and education service systems in the U.S. and abroad and is a target of recent federal and state policy initiatives in the U.S. This article presents data from a statewide survey of 73 child care resource and referral specialists across Illinois who work with family child care providers on a regular basis through home visiting, training, and technical assistance. Descriptive findings suggest that specialists who work with family child care providers perform a unique role in the early care and education field. The study examines job roles, common challenges and rewards, and needs for training. Specialists’ training needs include understanding the unique context of family child care, home visiting, coaching, and working with families. Understanding the training and professional development needs of support staff as well as the challenges faced in carrying out this work has the potential to inform state professional development systems as well as other initiatives aimed at improving quality in this sector of the early care and education workforce.
Gameplay in Higher Education: The Use of Serious Games vs Traditional Instructional Methods in Learning

ii Acknowledgments iv List of Tables viii List of Figures ix List of Illustrations x Chapter
Two-Dimensional Concept Vector Machines Based on an Ionic Interaction Model

Support vector machines (SVMs) have shown state-of-the-art performance for many applications. However, SVMs suffer from high computational complexity for classifying new data points when the number of support vectors is large, since the decision boundary is represented as a linear combination of the support vectors. In this paper, we propose a two-dimensional concept vector machine based on an ionic interaction model. It generates a simple decision boundary by a small number of concept vectors. We compared its performance with SVMs
Ectopic Fat Depots and Coronary Artery Calcium in South Asians Compared With Other Racial/Ethnic Groups.

BackgroundSouth Asians have a low body mass index and high prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) relative to other racial/ethnic groups. Radiographically detected ectopic fat distribution is b...
Elucidating the mechanisms for plant uptake and in-planta speciation of cerium in radish (Raphanus sativus L.) treated with cerium oxide nanoparticles

Abstract Even though the plant uptake of cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2 NPs) has been reported, the mechanisms remain unknown. This study aimed to provide new insights into CeO2 NPs plant uptake through two objectives: (1) to investigate whether CeO2 NPs dissolute before their plant uptake and (2) to determine the in-planta speciation of Ce. Bench scale experiments were conducted by growing radish in solutions containing 10 mg elemental Ce/L of bulk CeO2 particles, CeO2 NPs or ionic Ce. Transmission electron microscope and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) analysis suggested that one pathway for CeO2 NPs uptake was through direct uptake of intact CeO2 NPs. More importantly, our results confirmed that part of the particulate CeO2 was transformed into ionic Ce on the root surface before they were taken up by plants. Ionic Ce uptake and transport was a primary mechanism for Ce accumulation in plant shoots. This study further demonstrated that enhanced CeO2 dissolution on root surface was due to the organic acids with lower molecular weight (e.g. succinic acid) in radish root exudates. Large particles composed of high contents of P and Ce were detected in radish roots treated only with ionic Ce, suggesting the formation of CePO4 particles. In summary, the results indicated that CeO2 NPs was taken up by radish as both intact nanoparticles and dissolved ions. Inside plant tissues, Ce is present as a cocktail of CeO2 NPs, dissolved Ce and Ce salt (e.g. CePO4) and the specific combination of Ce species is tissue dependent.
Using Cognitive Modeling for Adaptive Automation Triggering

The Multi-Level Cognitive Cybernetics (MLCC) [1] approach provides a methodological approach to studying adaptive automation and advancing its development across multiple levels of analysis. We follow up on the previous paper [1] by focusing on the cognitive modeling level of MLCC. Adaptive aids must only be triggered when the inclusion of the aid will boost performance relative to what it would be without the aid. Computational cognitive modeling provides a means to represent the cognitive sequence that completes a task. Using cognitive modeling and MLCC, we discuss two ways to provide optimal triggering for adaptive automation. First, models will provide a mapping of which cognitive stages caused the most difficulty for individuals and therefore aids may be designed to support those cognitive functions. Second, models may provide information about optimal thresholds for determining when a user is having difficulty, allowing more timely aid interventions than without the model.
How Documentary Remade Mike Tyson

This article will theorize the relationship between stardom and documentary by considering the ways in which documentary representations contribute to the discursive formation of a star. Specifical...
Real-time trajectory calculation and prediction using neighborhood-level parallel processing

This work presents a smart camera application of real-time trajectory calculation, utilizing a neighborhood-level parallel processing vision chip to track objects and predict their path of motion. The vision chip contains arrays of pixel elements embedded into neighborhood processors, which are tiled to create a 64×80 resolution vision chip. The high frame rate and processing speed of the vision chip allows for calculation of the object's trajectory before leaving the frame. Algorithm design for the tracking algorithm is discussed and hardware test results for linear and non-linear path predictions are presented. Further considerations in optimizing the algorithm for higher precision and robust trajectory forecasting are discussed.
Vietnam's American War: A History

Communist forces in the Vietnam War lost most battles and suffered disproportionally higher casualties than the United States and its allies throughout the conflict. The ground war in South Vietnam and the air war in the North were certainly important in shaping the fates of the victors and losers, but they alone fail to explain why Hanoi bested Washington in the end. To make sense of the Vietnam War, we must look beyond the war itself. In his new work, Pierre Asselin explains the formative experiences and worldview of the men who devised communist strategies and tactics during the conflict, and analyzes their rationale and impact. Drawing on two decades of research in Vietnam's own archives, including classified policy statements and reports, Asselin expertly and straightforwardly relates the Vietnamese communist experience - and the reasons the war turned out the way it did.
Remote sensing evidence of lava–ground ice interactions associated with the Lost Jim Lava Flow, Seward Peninsula, Alaska

Thermokarst terrains develop when ice-bearing permafrost melts and causes the overlying surface to subside or collapse. This process occurs widely throughout Arctic regions due to environmental and climatological factors, but can also be induced by localized melting of ground ice by active lava flows. The Lost Jim Lava Flow (LJLF) on the Seward Peninsula of Alaska provides evidence of former lava–ground ice interactions. Associated geomorphic features, on the scale of meters to tens of meters, were identified using satellite orthoimages and stereo-derived digital terrain models. The flow exhibits positive- and mixed-relief features, including tumuli (N = 26) and shatter rings (N = 4), as well as negative-relief features, such as lava tube skylights (N = 100) and irregularly shaped topographic depressions (N = 1188) that are interpreted to include lava-rise pits and lava-induced thermokarst terrain. Along the margins of the flow, there are also clusters of small peripheral pits that may be the products of meltwater or steam escape. On Mars, we observed morphologically similar pits near lava flow margins in northeastern Elysium Planitia, which suggests a common formation mechanism. Investigating the LJLF may therefore help to elucidate processes of lava–ground ice interaction on both Earth and Mars.
Hardware-Enabled Pharmaceutical Supply Chain Security

The pharmaceutical supply chain is the pathway through which prescription and over-the-counter (OTC) drugs are delivered from manufacturing sites to patients. Technological innovations, price fluctuations of raw materials, as well as tax, regulatory, and market demands are driving change and making the pharmaceutical supply chain more complex. Traditional supply chain management methods struggle to protect the pharmaceutical supply chain, maintain its integrity, enhance customer confidence, and aid regulators in tracking medicines. To develop effective measures that secure the pharmaceutical supply chain, it is important that the community is aware of the state-of-the-art capabilities available to the supply chain owners and participants. In this article, we will be presenting a survey of existing hardware-enabled pharmaceutical supply chain security schemes and their limitations. We also highlight the current challenges and point out future research directions. This survey should be of interest to government agencies, pharmaceutical companies, hospitals and pharmacies, and all others involved in the provenance and authenticity of medicines and the integrity of the pharmaceutical supply chain.
Bioavailability and uptake of smelter emissions in freshwater zooplankton in northeastern Washington, USA lakes using Pb isotope analysis and trace metal concentrations.

Abstract The upper Columbia River and associated valley systems are highly contaminated with metal wastes from nearby smelting operations in Trail, British Columbia, Canada (Teck smelter), and to a lesser extent, Northport, Washington, USA (Le Roi smelter). Previous studies have investigated depositional patterns of airborne emissions from these smelters, and documented the Teck smelter as the primary metal contamination source. However, there is limited research directed at whether these contaminants are bioavailable to aquatic organisms. This study investigates whether smelter derived contaminants are bioavailable to freshwater zooplankton. Trace metal (Zn, Cd, As, Sb, Pb and Hg) concentrations and Pb isotope compositions of zooplankton and sediment were measured in lakes ranging from 17 to 144 km downwind of the Teck smelter. Pb isotopic compositions of historic ores used by both smelters are uniquely less radiogenic than local geologic formations, so when zooplankton assimilate substantial amounts of smelter derived metals their compositions deviate from local baseline compositions toward ore compositions. Sediment metal concentrations and Pb isotope compositions in sediment follow significant (p
The Relationship of Study Skills and Attitudes, Library Skills, and Reading Skills to Academic Success

(1972). The Relationship of Study Skills and Attitudes, Library Skills, and Reading Skills to Academic Success. Proceedings of the Annual Conference of the Western College Reading Association: Vol. 5, Proceedings of the Fifth Annual Conference of the WCRA. Reading: Putting All the Cards on the Table, pp. 25-33.
Dynamic Buckling of Submerged Tubes due to Impulsive External Pressure

An annular geometry is used to experimentally study fluid-structure interaction and dynamic buckling of tubes submerged in water and subjected to axially-propagating pressure waves. Wave propagation, vibration, and buckling of the specimen tubes are characterized using pressure and strain measurements. Emphasis is placed on pressures near or slightly exceeding the buckling threshold, where buckling deformation is excited but remains elastic or only slightly plastic due to the short duration of the pressure pulse. Measured wave speeds and non-axisymmetric vibration frequencies are in good agreement with predictions from simple fluid-structure interaction models. Near the buckling threshold, the amplitude of non-axisymmetric deformation is observed to grow rapidly with small increases in pressure until plastic deformation occurs, which results in a substantial loss of strength of the tube. Systematic mode 2 variations in wall thickness are found to control the buckle orientation, since the major axis of mode 2 buckles is always aligned with the location where the tube wall is thinnest.
Updated Compendium of Total Ionizing Dose (TID) Test Results for the Europa Clipper Mission

We present the results of total ionizing dose testing and analysis on Electric, Electronic, and Electromechanical (EEE) parts, tested by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in support of the Europa Clipper Mission.
A lumped parameter vane pump model for system stability analysis

This paper presents a semi-empirical lumped parameter model developed for analysing the dynamic stability and performance limitations of a pressure compensated vane pump for an automotive application with low-cost components. The model calculates continuous displacement chamber pressure profiles and inertial effects for the determination of the internal forces acting on the vane pump's pivoting cam. Measurements conducted on a custom test stand were used to define a nonlinearly progressive bias spring model and a black box representation of the pump control system valves. Analysis of the complete model reveals that the performance limitations imposed by the control system valves, in terms of system stability and achievable controller bandwidth, are more restrictive than the limitations imposed by the low-cost vane pump and limit the that bandwidth to 1.84 Hz. The control system also imposes limitations to the system performance based on resonance phenomena which may be significant in some applications.
Transradial stenting of a carotid pseudoaneurysm

Abstract Carotid pseudoaneurysms are rare and, if treated endovascularly, are usually approached via the femoral artery. We report the case of transradial stenting of an anastomotic carotid pseudoaneurysm secondary to vertebral transposition through an existing carotid-subclavian bypass.
“Nothing Is Set in Stone”: Incorporating Futurology into College Courses

“Futurology” is the process of forecasting or designing the future, whether that be the near future or far future. College courses rarely explicitly include futurology, even though the content of many courses has implications for the future. To build knowledge on how future-oriented content can be incorporated into educational curriculum, I studied a college course in which students used futurology activities as part of an active learning setup. My study suggests that future-oriented content is appealing to students and helps students develop a sense of control over the future. In order to better introduce students to futurology, instructors must attend carefully to students' unfamiliarity with structured future-oriented thinking, as well as to fatalistic attitudes about the future.
An integrative review of assessments used in occupational therapy interventions for children with cerebral palsy/Revisão integrativa de avaliações utilizadas em intervenções de terapia ocupacional para crianças com paralisia cerebral

Introduction: Children with cerebral palsy (CP) experience a wide range of deficits and symptoms. When undergoing occupational therapy (OT) interventions, it is essential that the OT select assessments that can accurately reflect the outcome measures of the targeted domains. Objective: To identify the assessment tools most frequently reported in research studies as measures for OT interventions when treating children with CP. Method: Pubmed and Ovid databases were systematically searched by using key terms “cerebral palsy,” “assessments,” and “occupational therapy”. Assessment tools were explored and extracted from articles contingent on the following inclusion criteria: (1) children birth to 18 years diagnosed with cerebral palsy; (2) use of assessment(s) as a measure of OT intervention; (3) published in English between 2007 and 2017. In the preliminary search, Pubmed yielded 151 records and Ovid yielded 571. Out of these, only 76 met the inclusion criteria. From the remaining 76 articles, a total of 88 assessment tools were retrieved and included in this literature review. Results: Ten assessments were found to be of importance based on frequency of use. The Assisting Hand Assessment (AHA) and Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI) were the most commonly used. Conclusion: This study helps to determine which assessments are frequently used in OT practice with children with CP. The findings of this study play an important role in addressing the challenge of assessment selection faced by occupational therapists and provide a basis for future research to expand on with regards to treating children with CP.
Structural and thermochronologic constraints on kinematics and timing of inversion of the Salta rift in the Tonco-Amblayo sector of the Andean retroarc fold-thrust belt, northwestern Argentina

Abstract Inherited architecture of the Cretaceous Salta rift is a primary influence on Andean deformation in northwestern Argentina. The Tonco-Amblayo thrust belt (TATB) of the Eastern Cordillera exhibits a complex interplay between thick-skinned and thin-skinned shortening styles, controlled by reactivated Salta rift normal faults. Geological mapping, cross-sections, and apatite (U-Th)/He dating document Miocene shortening and exhumation. Regional structures comprise basement-involved reverse faults and steep-overturned fault-propagation folds. Inversion of east-dipping normal faults results in a hindward verging back-thrust belt. Apatite (U-Th)/He data document eastward younging cooling ages from ~ 12 Ma to ~ 6 Ma, suggesting that deformation propagated forward. Kinematic models require structure at depth to accommodate changes in structural elevation and basement shortening. Basement wedging, by a single thrust sheet or passive-roof duplex, provides a kinematically viable model. Shortening in the Eastern Cordillera is ~ 36% (53 km). Revised total shortening (~ 118 km) falls short of solving shortening discrepancies suggested by crustal thickness.
Equivalent Circuit Models of Voltage-controlled Dual Active Bridge Converters

In this paper, we introduce a new method of modeling voltage-controlled dual active bridge converters as equivalent circuits. What makes the proposed model unique is that the entire closed-loop system (converter and control loop) are represented together in one equivalent circuit. Since the full system can be recast as a circuit, this allows for deeper insights on how the closed-loop system performs and for the direct application of circuit analysis techniques. In particular, we reveal how classical control notions can be understood as circuit laws.
Solid-state polymer electrolytes for high-performance lithium metal batteries.

Electrochemical cells based on alkali metal anodes are receiving intensive scientific interest as potentially transformative technology platforms for electrical energy storage. Chemical, morphological, mechanical and hydrodynamic instabilities at the metal anode produce uneven metal electrodeposition and poor anode reversibility, which, are among the many known challenges that limit progress. Here, we report that solid-state electrolytes based on crosslinked polymer networks can address all of these challenges in cells based on lithium metal anodes. By means of transport and electrochemical analyses, we show that manipulating thermodynamic interactions between polymer segments covalently anchored in the network and “free” segments belonging to an oligomeric electrolyte hosted in the network pores, one can facilely create hybrid electrolytes that simultaneously exhibit liquid-like barriers to ion transport and solid-like resistance to morphological and hydrodynamic instability. To address some critical issues facing Li metal batteries, the authors design cross-linked polymer networks to serve as either Li metal anode coatings or all solid-state electrolytes. Their favorable polymer chemistry is found responsible for the impressive performance of Li||NCM full cells.
Walk, Stop, Count, and Swap: Decentralized Multi-Agent Path Finding With Theoretical Guarantees

For multi-agent path finding (MAPF) problems, finding the optimal solution has been shown to be NP-Complete. Here we present WSCaS (Walk, Stop, Count, and Swap), a decentralized multi-agent path-finding algorithm that can provide theoretical completeness and optimality guarantees. That is, WSCaS is able to deliver a worst case $\mathbf {\mathcal {O}(1)}$ -approximate distance-optimal solution to MAPF instances on square grids without narrow passages. Moreover, the algorithm‘s cost is independent of the swarm's size with respect to computation complexity, memory complexity, as well as communication complexity, therefore the algorithm can scale well with the number of agents in practice. The algorithm is executed on 1024 simulated agents as well as 100 physical robots, the results show that the WSCaS is robust to real-world non-idealitys.
Real-time comprehensive toxicology testing in the clinical management of accidental pediatric capecitabine ingestion.

IntroductionCapecitabine is an orally bioavailable prodrug of the chemotherapeutic agent, fluorouracil. Fluorouracil is converted to several active metabolites that induce a cytotoxic effect. Capec...
VALUE OF LIFE AND INJURY: EVIDENCE FROM A U.S. FISHERY

Here, revealed trade‐offs between monetary rewards and safety risk for shrimp fishermen in the Gulf of Mexico are investigated. Shrimp harvesting is one of the most dangerous occupations in the United States with an occupational fatality rate significantly above the average. The instrumental variables method is employed for estimation of the injuries and fatalities. My estimates of the value of a statistical life and the value of statistical injury, using the sample selection model, are in line with the estimates from other industries and provide useful information for public policy.
Andexanet Alfa Versus 4-Factor Prothrombin Complex Concentrate for Reversal of Factor Xa Inhibitors in Intracranial Hemorrhage.

There are limited data on the risks and benefits of using andexanet alfa (AA) in comparison with four-factor prothrombin complex concentrate (4F-PCC) to reverse factor Xa inhibitors (FXi) associated intracranial hemorrhage (ICH). We sought to describe our experience with AA or 4F-PCC in patients with oral FXi-related traumatic and spontaneous ICH. We conducted a retrospective review of consecutive adult patients with FXi-related ICH who received AA or 4F-PCC. FXi-related ICH cases included traumatic and spontaneous intracranial hemorrhages. Our primary analysis evaluated ICH stability on head computed tomography scan (CT), defined as a similar amount of blood from the initial scan at the onset of ICH to subsequent scans, at 6-h and 24-h post-administration of AA or 4F-PCC. For the subset of spontaneous intraparenchymal hemorrhages, volume was measured at 6-h and 24-h post-reversal. In secondary analyses, we evaluated good functional outcome at discharge, defined as a Modified Rankin Score of less than 3, and the incidence of thrombotic events after AA or 4F-PCC adminstration, during hospitalization. A total of 44 patients (16 traumatic and 28 spontaneous ICH) with median age of 79 years [72–86], 36% females, with a FXi-related ICH, were included in this study. The majority of spontaneous ICHs were intraparenchymal 19 (68%). Twenty-eight patients (64%) received AA and 16 patients (36%) received 4F-PCC. There was no difference between AA and 4F-PCC in terms of CT stability at 6 h (21 [78%] vs 10 [71%], p = 0.71) and 24 h (15 [88%] vs 6 [60%], p = 0.15). In a subgroup of patients with spontaneous intraparenchymal hemorrhage, there was no difference in the degree of achieved hemostasis based on hematoma volume between AA and 4F-PCC at 6 h (9.3 mL [6.9–26.4] vs 10 mL [9.4–22.1], adjusted p = 0. 997) and 24-h (9.2 mL [6.1–18.8] vs 9.9 [9.4–21.1], adjusted p = 1). The number of patients with good outcome based on mRS on discharge were 10 (36%) and 6 (38%) in the AA and 4F-PCC groups, respectively (adjusted p = 0.81). The incidence of thromboembolic events was similar in the AA and 4F-PCC groups (2 [7%] vs 0, p = 0.53). In this limited sample of patients, we found no difference in neuroimaging stability, functional outcome and thrombotic events when comparing AA and 4F-PCC in patients with FXi-related ICH. Since our analysis is likely underpowered, a multi-center collaborative network devoted to this question is warranted.