cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Opportunity is Not Everything: How Belief Systems and Mistrust Shape Responses to Economic Incentives

We experimentally investigate in village India how belief systems that hierarchize social groups affect the groups' responses to economic opportunities. Earlier we found that making caste salient hurt low caste performance both absolutely and relative to the high caste's. To examine the possible role of mistrust, we manipulate the scope for discretion in rewarding performance. When offered a gamble in which success mechanically triggers rewards, making caste salient has no significant effect. Instead, it is in the case with scope for discretion that making caste salient creates a large caste gap in the proportion of subjects who refuse the gamble.
Reclassification of captive chimpanzees as endangered would cost lives

A reclassification of captive chimpanzees as endangered by the US Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) would have devastating consequences on critical areas of basic biomedical research for which chimpanzees are uniquely suitable as animal models. It also would have a negative impact on the survival of wild chimpanzees and the preservation of the species.
The selection of corrosion prior distributions for risk based integrity modeling

The deterioration of the condition of process plants assets has a major negative impact on the safety of its operation. Risk based integrity modeling provides a methodology to quantify the risks posed by an aging asset. This provides a means for the protection of human life, financial investment and the environmental damage from the consequences of its failures. This methodology is based on modeling the uncertainty in material degradations using probability distributions, known as priors. Using Bayes theorem, one may improve the prior distribution to obtain a posterior distribution using actual inspection data. Although the choice of priors is often subjective, a rational consensus can be achieved by judgmental studies and analyzing the generic data from the same or similar installations. The first part of this paper presents a framework for a risk based integrity modeling. This includes a methodology to select the prior distributions for the various types of corrosion degradation mechanisms, namely, the uniform, localized and erosion corrosion. Several statistical tests were conducted based on the data extracted from the literature to check which of the prior distributions follows data the best. Once the underlying distribution has been confirmed, one can estimate the parameters of the distributions. In the second part, the selected priors are tested and validated using actual plant inspection data obtained from existing assets in operation. It is found that uniform corrosion can be best described using 3P-Weibull and 3P-Lognormal distributions. Localized corrosion can be best described using Type1 extreme value and 3P-Weibull, while erosion corrosion can best be described using the 3P-Weibull, Type1 extreme value, or 3P-Lognormal distributions.
Coupling of gravity-gradient-dominated acceleration-induced slosh reaction torques with spacecraft orbital dynamics

Abstract This paper investigates coupling of the sloshing dynamics within a partially filled rotating dewar of superfluid helium II with a spacecraft's orbital dynamics, in response to the combined gravity gradient and g-jitter accelerations dominated by the gravity gradient force. The paper studies how the amplitudes of the slosh reaction forces and torques are induced and are activated on the dewar, coupled with orbital dynamics, in response to gravity-gradient-dominated forces. The numerical computation of the sloshing dynamics is based on the rotational frame, while the orbital dynamics is associated with a non-rotational frame. Results show that the major contribution of the orbital dynamics is driven by the coupling with the slosh dynamics. Failure to consider the effect of slosh dynamics acting on the spacecraft may lead to wrong results in the development of orbital and attitude-control techniques.
Cameral liquid transport and buoyancy control in chambered nautilus ( Nautilus macromphalus )

Studies of cephalopod buoyancy1 show that transport of cameral liquid by the shallow water cuttlefish (Sepia) can be explained by a reduction of the liquid's osmotic pressure, followed by osmosis out of the chamber. This mechanism seems insufficient to explain chamber emptying in the chambered nautilus (Nautilus macromphalus), which is frequently found below 240 m, the depth beneath which simple osmotic emptying cannot function2,3. At 240 m, the hydrostatic pressure forcing water into the chambers of the nautilus shell exceeds the maximum osmotic emtying pressure. Because deep water experiments were not feasible, it was our aim to determine whether nautilus could transport cameral liquid against osmotic pressure gradients, and to consider mechanisms that could account for transport against both osmotic and hydrostatic gradients. These possible mechanisms include enhanced siphuncular blood concentration (possibly caused by a countercurrent multiplier in the siphuncle4) which could ‘draw’ water from chambers below 240m, and ‘local osmosis’6, resulting from enhanced solute concentrations in siphuncular intercellular spaces. Physiological and ultrastructural evidence for the latter is presented here.
Binding and orientations of CO on Fe(110), (100), and (111): A surface structure effect from molecular orbital theory

Abstract Calculations based on the atom superposition and electron delocalization molecular orbital method show that at low coverage CO binds on the high-coordinate site in the perpendicular orientation on Fe(110), on the high-coordinate site in the lying-down orientation on Fe(100), and on the di-σ bridging site in the lying-down orientation on Fe(111). These findings confirm the earlier suggestions regarding CO binding site and orientation on the (110) and (100) surfaces. However, they do not support the previously proposed deep-hollow binding site for CO on the (111) surface. The differences for thee favored CO binding site and orientation on Fe(110), (100), and (111) surfaces are explained on the basis of surface-atom coordinations and atom-atom spacings. In the favored lying-down CO orientations on the (100) and (111) surfaces, 4σ and π donation interactions coupled with the familiar 5σ donation to the surfaces, and back-donation to the CO π ∗ orbitals are responsible for binding to the surfaces.
VERSAbus—a multiprocessor bus standard—and VMEbus—its Eurocard counterpart

Abstract Descriptions of VERSAbus and VMEbus are given. Features of each bus architecture are compared by being broken down into five separate buses; data transfer, priority interrupt, DTB arbitration, utility and interintelligence buses. Sequence diagrams for protocol layers including write and read data transfer cycles and read modify write are given. Bus drivers recommended by both bus specifications are mentioned. The future for each of the buses is outlined. Appendices include details of P1 and P2 edge connector pin assignments.
Perinatal exposure to anoxia alone does not alter the susceptibility to amygdaloid-kindled seizures in the adult rabbit.

Abstract It is suggested that asphyxia on newborns increases the susceptibility to epileptic syndromes. The effect of perinatal and postnatal anoxia on subsequent seizure susceptibility was assessed by amygdaloid kindling in adult rabbits. Rabbits from 1 day pre-term to 53 days were exposed to 100% N 2 for an average of 7 min or until the heart rate was reduced by 70%. Non-anoxic littermates served as controls. At 2 months of age, animals were implanted with bilateral amygdalae electrodes. after a postsurgical recovery period, afterdischarge (AD) thresholds were determined for the electrodes sites and a kindling paradigm was performed. There were no significant differences in the rate of kindling in all groups studied (control, anoxic at 1 day pre-term or at term, anoxic at 44 and 53 days). These results demonstrate that perinatal anoxia did not alter the seizure susceptibility in the adult rabbit kindling model.
Persistent Pain Produces Stress-like Alterations in Hippocampal Neurogenesis and Gene Expression

Abstract Clinical observations have shown that patients with chronic pain are often depressed, suggesting the importance of the affective or emotional component of pain and its impact on cognition. In this study we investigated pain-induced activation of the hippocampus to address possible molecular and cellular events that may underlie the comorbidity of chronic pain and depression. Rats received either an acute (formalin) or chronic (complete Freund’s adjuvant) inflammatory stimulus to the hind paw or an acute or chronic immobilization. Results demonstrated that pain can alter hippocampal morphology and gene expression. Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) staining indicated that neurogenesis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus was significantly reduced after long-term inflammatory nociception, similar to previous observations after various stress models. Important activators of nociception-induced spinal central sensitization, the neurokinin-1 (NK-1) receptor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), have also been intimately associated with depressive processes in the limbic system. In situ hybridization assay results demonstrated that either pain or stress (acute or chronic treatments) reduced the levels of both NK-1 receptor and BDNF mRNAs in the cornu ammonis 1-3 sublayers of the hippocampus, suggesting a possible role of these neuromediators in processing of pain in higher brain centers. Perspective The findings in this study demonstrate that persistent pain induces stress-like damaging modulatory effects in the hippocampus, which is one of the limbic regions involved in the pathophysiology of depression. Targeting these mechanisms (which are potential contributors to the emotional impact of pain) may provide novel therapeutic approaches for relieving depression-like aspects of chronic pain.
Effects of gravity on mechanical properties of GTA welded joints

Abstract Stainless steel alloy 316 weld samples were subjected to spot gas tungsten arc welding at 1G (G = 9.8 m/s2) and 3.6G accelerations. The cross sections of the fusion zones were polished, etched, and measured in order to perform measurements on the microstructure. Measurement and observation results indicated that increasing in buoyancy driven flow produced wider but shallower welds during spot GTA welding. Tensile testing showed no noticeable differences in peak loads between samples welded at 1G and 3.6G. Tensile ductility was lightly less for the 3.6G samples.
Fruit and Vegetable Shopping Practices and Social Support Scales: A Validation

Abstract Objective To assess the psychometric characteristics of new scales of shopping practices and social support for purchasing fruits and vegetables. Design Participants were recruited in front of diverse grocery stores. Telephone data collection was done on 2 occasions, separated by 6 weeks. Participants 166 food shoppers with children at home participated. Main Outcome Measures New scales of food shopping practices and social support for purchasing fruits and vegetables were psychometrically analyzed and related to a measure of home fruit or vegetable availability as a test of construct validity. Analysis Both classical test and item response theory procedures were used. Correlations related the new measures to home fruit and vegetable availability. Results Single dimension scales were specified for fruit and vegetable shopping practices (35% of the variance), fruit purchase social support (53% of the variance), and vegetable purchase social support (52% of the variance). Item response theory difficulty estimates varied from −0.64 to 0.73 for fruit and vegetable shopping practices, from −0.55 to 0.33 for fruit purchase social support, and from −0.55 to 0.34 for vegetable social support. Each scale significantly correlated with home fruit and vegetable availability (construct validity), even after controlling for social desirability of response (0.19 for shopping practices, 0.37 for fruit purchasing social support, and 0.28 for vegetable purchasing social support). Person separation reliability was 0.80 for food shopping practices, 0.74 for fruit purchasing social support, and 0.73 for vegetable purchasing social support. Conclusion The scales performed well. Implications for Research and Practice These scales are now available to help better understand fruit and vegetable shopping practices, fruit purchase social support, and vegetable purchase social support.
The Gateway computational Web portal

In this paper we describe the basic services and architecture of Gateway, a commodity-based Web portal that provides secure remote access to unclassified Department of Defense computational resources. The portal consists of a dynamically generated, browser-based user interface supplemented by client applications and a distributed middle tier, WebFlow. WebFlow provides a coarse-grained approach to accessing both stand-alone and Grid-enabled back-end computing resources. We describe in detail the implementation of basic portal features such as job submission, file transfer, and job monitoring and discuss how the portal addresses security requirements of the deployment centers. Finally, we outline future plans, including integration of Gateway with Department of Defense testbed Grids. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A customizable framework of body area sensor network for rehabilitation

Body area sensor networks are becoming more and more popular for pervasive medical monitoring. Conventional wearable sensor systems lack flexibility for dynamic network construction and the capability of rapid configuration to facilitate personalized healthcare. In this paper, we propose RehabSPOT, a highly customizable networked wearable sensor system for medical monitoring and physical rehabilitation. The system is based on a novel software architecture. It supports various sensors and contains on-board general computing capabilities to enable dynamic body area network construction, sensor management, and adaptive data collection and display. The customization of the system is extremely fast even by non-engineering staff. We evaluate our system by deploying RehabSPOT for a rehabilitation program. Promising feedback illustrates that RehabSPOT has a significant benefit on physical therapists' daily work.
Properties of the 418 keV level in I127

Abstract Using the centrifuge technique resonance fluorescence from the 418 keV level in I 127 has been observed. The angular distribution of the 418 keV radiation emitted by a Te 127 source and resonantly scattered from an iodine scatterer was determined to be W ( θ )=1+(0.22±0.07)cos 2 θ . Since this result does not discriminate between the possible spin assignments 5 2 and 3 2 for the 418 keV level, the linear polarization P of the resonantly scattered radiation has been measured. The result of P = 18±6% is only compatible with spin 5 2 . The experimental cross section for resonance fluorescence yields τ = (4.6±0.4) · 10 −12 sec for the mean lifetime of the 418 keV level. A comparison of the known M1 transition probabilities for the γ-transitions in I 127 with theoretical predictions from teh Kisslinger-Sorensen model shows rather good agreement, while the E2 transitions in general are faster than predicted.
Activation diagrams in enzyme catalysis

Three features of activation diagrams applied to enzyme catalysis are discussed. (1) The quantities which should be plotted in the ordinate of activation energy diagrams are the standard state quantities. This is called for by transition state theory (H. Eyring). (2) Small molecule catalysts sometimes afford models for studying certain aspects of enzyme catalysis, but there are features of enzyme catalysis which are seldom emphasized in such studies; most of them concentrate on acceleration. One of these other features is the control which enzymes exert through the activation steps. They utilize multi-barrier mechanisms, and probably maintain near reversibility in these steps. The result is that enzymes catalyze reactions with virtually no side products. Non-macromolecular catalysts are fully expected to, and in fact do, allow formation of side products. (3) Equilibrium constants of reactions in the bound state are sometimes unequal to those in solvent only ( Jencks, 1963 ). This fact, and an analysis of activation diagrams, leads to the conclusion that enzymes may be ground state energy transducers, besides catalysts.
Nuclear Magnetic Susceptibility of He 3 Vapor

Measurements of relative values of the nuclear magnetic susceptibility of ${\mathrm{He}}^{3}$ vapor have been made by a pulsed resonance technique for several values of vapor density at 2 and 3.1\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. The results of these measurements show that deviations from Curie's law are considerably smaller than those expected for a perfect Fermi gas. A theoretical expression is derived for the susceptibility at vapor densities sufficiently low that only binary collisions are important; a modification of the calculation of the second virial coefficient is used to evaluate the effect of direct interactions. The susceptibility is related to the difference between two virial coefficients, that of ${\mathrm{He}}^{3}$ and that calculated for a hypothetical ${\mathrm{He}}^{3}$ with zero spin. The theoretical results are in good quantitative agreement with the experimental data. They indicate that the perfect-Fermi-gas theory is not applicable to the calculation of the susceptibility of ${\mathrm{He}}^{3}$ vapor at low density except at temperatures lower than 0.002\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. Moreover, from the theoretical results it is concluded that deviations from Curie's law in the vapor are expected to be less than about 1% whenever higher order collisions do not contribute significantly to the interaction between ${\mathrm{He}}^{3}$ atoms.
Swan band emission intensity as a function of density

We report the systematic comparison of the optical emission intensity of the vibrational band of the Swan system with the absolute concentration in and microwave plasmas used in the deposition of nanocrystalline diamond. The absolute concentration is obtained using white-light absorption spectroscopy. Emission intensity correlates linearly with density for variations of several plasma parameters and across two decades of species concentration. Although optical emission intensity generally is not an accurate quantitative diagnostic for gas phase species concentrations, these results confirm the reliability of the (0,0) Swan band for relative determination of density with high sensitivity under conditions used for hydrogen-deficient plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposition of diamond.
Simplified power processing for inert gas ion thrusters

Significant simplifications to power processors for inert gas ion thrusters in the 1 to 5 kW range have been identified. They include elimination of all but three power supplies - one each for the neutralizer, main discharge, and beam. The neutralizer and discharge power supplies would provide both cathode heating and plasma generating functions. This dual-use power supply concept was validated via integration tests with a 30 cm diameter xenon ion thruster. The beam/accelerator power supply would have positive and negative outputs to allow a single power supply to provide both functions. The discharge and beam power supplies would incorporate full-bridge inverters similar to those proven for flight-ready arcjet propulsion systems. Operation of this simplified power processing scheme at an inverter frequency of 50 kHz results in a projected power processor design with low mass and high efficiency. A 2 kW reference point design has estimated values of specific mass of 5.4 kg/kW and an efficiency of 93 percent.
Expression cloning of a cDNA encoding UDP-GlcNAc:Gal beta 1-3-GalNAc-R (GlcNAc to GalNAc) beta 1-6GlcNAc transferase by gene transfer into CHO cells expressing polyoma large tumor antigen.

Abstract A cDNA encoding UDP-GlcNAc:Gal beta 1-3GalNAc-R (GlcNAc to GalNAc) beta 1-6GlcNAc transferase (EC 2.4.1.102), which forms critical branches in O-glycans, has been isolated by an expression cloning approach using Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Increased activity of this enzyme and the concomitant occurrence of the O-glycan core 2 structure [Gal beta 1-3(GlcNAc beta 1-6)GalNAc] has been observed in a variety of biological processes, such as T-cell activation and immunodeficiency due to the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome and AIDS. Since CHO cells do not express this enzyme, CHO cell lines were established to stably express polyoma large tumor (T) antigen, which enables transient expression cloning. Because the antibody used was found to detect most efficiently the oligosaccharide products attached to leukosialin, the CHO cells were also stably transfected with leukosialin cDNA. By using this particular CHO cell line, a cDNA that encodes a protein determining the formation of the core 2 structure was isolated from an HL-60 cDNA library. The cDNA sequence predicts a protein with type II membrane topology, as has been found for all other mammalian glycosyltransferases cloned to date. The expression of the presumed catalytic domain as a fusion protein with the IgG binding domain of protein A enabled us to demonstrate unequivocally that the cDNA encodes the core 2 beta-1,6-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase, the enzyme responsible for the formation of Gal beta 1-3(GlcNAc beta 1-6)GalNAc structures. No activity with this enzyme was detected toward the acceptors for other beta 1-6GlcNAc transferases.
Rational design of α-helical antimicrobial peptides to target Gram-negative pathogens, Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa: utilization of charge, 'specificity determinants,' total hydrophobicity, hydrophobe type and location as design parameters to improve the therapeutic ratio

The rapidly growing problem of increased resistance to classical antibiotics makes the development of new classes of antimicrobial agents with lower rates of resistance urgent. Amphipathic cationic α-helical antimicrobial peptides have been proposed as a potential new class of antimicrobial agents. The goal of this study was to take a broad-spectrum, 26-residue, antimicrobial peptide in the all-D conformation, peptide D1 (K13) with excellent biologic properties and address the question of whether a rational design approach could be used to enhance the biologic properties if the focus was on Gram-negative pathogens only. To test this hypothesis, we used 11 and 6 diverse strains of Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudo-monas aeruginosa, respectively. We optimized the number and location of positively charged residues on the polar face, the number, location, and type of hydrophobe on the non-polar face and varied the number of ’specificity determinants’ in the center of the non-polar face from 1 to 2 to develop four new antimicrobial peptides. We demonstrated not only improvements in antimicrobial activity, but also dramatic reductions in hemolytic activity and unprecedented improvements in therapeutic indices. Compared to our original starting peptide D1 (V13), peptide D16 had a 746-fold improvement in hemolytic activity (i.e. decrease), maintained antimicrobial activity, and improved the therapeutic indices by 1305-fold and 895-fold against A. baumannii and P. aeruginosa, respectively. The resulting therapeutic indices for D16 were 3355 and 895 for A. baumannii and P. aeruginosa, respectively. D16 is an ideal candidate for commercialization as a clinical therapeutic to treat Gram-negative bacterial infections.
Challenges in Executing Data Intensive Biometric Workloads on a Desktop Grid

Desktop grids have traditionally focused on executing computation intensive workloads. Can they also be used to execute data-intensive workloads? To answer this question, we present a case study of a data intensive biometric application which is infeasible to process on a single machine. We evaluate the capacity of a desktop grid to store and deliver the data need to execute the workload, and compare several general techniques for data deployment. Selecting the most scalable technique, we execute and evaluate five large production workloads on a 350-CPU desktop grid. We observe that this technique is sensitive to many parameters, and propose that an ideal system should be responsible for choosing the proper decomposition of a workload.
Bilinear signal synthesis using polarization diversity

Bilinear synthesis of nonstationary signals impinging on a multiantenna receiver has been recently introduced. The distinction in the spatial signatures of the sources provides a vehicle to reduce noise and source signal interactions in the time-frequency domain, and hence improves signal synthesis. In this letter, we utilize another form of diversity for enhanced source time-frequency signal representations. It is shown that cross-polarization antennas can be used to mitigate cross terms via simple polarization averaging.
The Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators, Tamoxifen and Raloxifene, Impair Dendritic Cell Differentiation and Activation

Most immune cells, including myeloid progenitors and terminally differentiated dendritic cells (DC), express estrogen receptors (ER) making these cells sensitive to estrogens. Our laboratory recently demonstrated that 17-beta-estradiol (E2) promotes the GM-CSF-mediated development of CD11c+ CD11b(int) DC from murine bone marrow precursors. We tested whether the therapeutic selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERM), raloxifene and tamoxifen, can perturb DC development and activation. SERM, used in treatment of breast cancer and osteoporosis, bind to ER and mediate tissue-specific agonistic or antagonistic effects. Raloxifene and tamoxifen inhibited the differentiation of estrogen-dependent DC from bone marrow precursors ex vivo in competition experiments with physiological levels of E2. DC differentiated in the presence of SERM were assessed for their capacity to internalize fluoresceinated Ags as well as respond to inflammatory stimuli by increasing surface expression of molecules important for APC function. Although SERM-exposed DC exhibited increased ability to internalize Ags, they were hyporesponsive to bacterial LPS: relative to control DC, they less efficiently up-regulated the expression of MHC class II, CD86, and to a lesser extent, CD80 and CD40. This phenotype indicates that these SERM act to maintain DC in an immature state by inhibiting DC responsiveness to inflammatory stimuli. Thus, raloxifene and tamoxifen impair E2-promoted DC differentiation and reduce the immunostimulatory capacity of DC. These observations suggest that SERM may depress immunity when given to healthy individuals for the prevention of osteoporosis and breast cancer and may interfere with immunotherapeutic strategies to improve antitumor immunity in breast cancer patients.
Variability in pharmacy interpretations of physician prescriptions.

Background: The clarity of prescription drug instructions is a health literacy and medication safety concern. Objective: To assess the variability of pharmacy interpretations of physician prescriptions. Design: Identically written prescriptions for 4 common medications (atorvastatin, alendronate, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, ibuprofen) were filled in 6 pharmacies (2 largest chains, 2 grocery stores, 2 independents) in 4 cities (Boston, Chicago, Los Angeles, Austin). Measurement: Components of the instruction were coded as dose, frequency, administration route, timing, indication, and auxiliary instructions. Results: In all, 85 labels were evaluated. Dose frequency was omitted on 6% of instructions (“take 1 tablet for cholesterol”). Timing was explicitly stated on 2% of instructions (“in the morning”). All prescriptions included indications; pharmacies transcribed these onto 38% of labels. The prescription for alendronate stated not to lie down for at least 30 minutes after taking; this was transcribed with 50% of instructions. Reading difficulty was above recommended levels for 46% of instructions; with 14% greater than a high school level. Conclusions: Efforts are needed to ensure patients receive clear, consistent information supporting safe medication use.
Impact of caloric and dietary restriction regimens on markers of health and longevity in humans and animals: a summary of available findings

Considerable interest has been shown in the ability of caloric restriction (CR) to improve multiple parameters of health and to extend lifespan. CR is the reduction of caloric intake - typically by 20 - 40% of ad libitum consumption - while maintaining adequate nutrient intake. Several alternatives to CR exist. CR combined with exercise (CE) consists of both decreased caloric intake and increased caloric expenditure. Alternate-day fasting (ADF) consists of two interchanging days; one day, subjects may consume food ad libitum (sometimes equaling twice the normal intake); on the other day, food is reduced or withheld altogether. Dietary restriction (DR) - restriction of one or more components of intake (typically macronutrients) with minimal to no reduction in total caloric intake - is another alternative to CR. Many religions incorporate one or more forms of food restriction. The following religious fasting periods are featured in this review: 1) Islamic Ramadan; 2) the three principal fasting periods of Greek Orthodox Christianity (Nativity, Lent, and the Assumption); and 3) the Biblical-based Daniel Fast. This review provides a summary of the current state of knowledge related to CR and DR. A specific section is provided that illustrates related work pertaining to religious forms of food restriction. Where available, studies involving both humans and animals are presented. The review includes suggestions for future research pertaining to the topics of discussion.
Development of Micro Air Reconnaissance Vehicle as a Test Bed for Advanced Sensors and Electronics

This paper describes the development of a Micro/Mini Air Reconnaissance Vehicle for advanced sensors and electronics at NASA Langley Research Center over the last year. This vehicle is expected to have a total weight of less than four pounds, a design velocity of 40 mph, an endurance of 15-20 minutes, and a maximum range of 5km. The vehicle has wings that are simple to detach yet retain the correct alignment. The upper fuselage surface has a quick release hatch used to access the interior and also to mount the varying propulsion systems. The sensor suite developed for this vehicle consists of a Pitot-static measurement system for determining air speed, an absolute pressure measurement for determining altitude, magnetic direction measurement, and three orthogonal gyros to determine body angular rates. Swarming GPS-guidance and in-flight maneuvering is discussed, as well as design and installation of some other advance sensors like MEMS microphones, infrared cameras, GPS, humidity sensors, and an ultrasonic sonar sensor. Also low cost, small size, high performance control and navigation system for the Micro Air Vehicle is discussed. At the end, laboratory characterization of different sensors, motors, propellers, and batteries will be discussed.
The Complexity of Non-Completion: Being Pushed or Pulled to Drop Out of High School

Using a model of student dropout with only two possible outcomes – “still in school” or “dropout” – hides the complex reasons that students leave high school. We offer a model with three outcomes: in school, pushed out or pulled out. Using data from the Educational Longitudinal Survey, we find that for black students, differences in SES explain higher likelihoods of being either pushed or pulled out as compared to white students, but Latino students remain more likely to be pulled out even after we control for SES. We also find that SES moderates the relationship between race/gender and being pushed out, and that higher levels of SES may be detrimental to students of color in the context of high poverty schools.
Tropical cirrus cloud radiative forcing: Sensitivity studies

We have performed one dimensional radiative transfer calculations to evaluate the impact of cirrus clouds on the tropical radiation budget. We investigate the sensitivity of solar and infrared fluxes to cloud optical depth, particle size distributions, and cloud height. If the observed solar cloud forcing in excess of 100 W/sq m is to be attributed to cirrus anvils alone, then the optical depth of these anvils must be at least 5 (assuming 50% cloud cover and an ice crystal effective radius of 15 microns). The net radiative forcing of cirrus near the tropical tropopause is positive (heating) for cloud optical depths less than about 16 and negative (cooling) for larger optical depths. If cirrus clouds alone are responsible for the equal and opposite shortwave and longwave cloud forcing in excess of 100 W/sq m observed by Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE), then the cirrus must typically take the form of deep, optically thick clouds with relatively small particles (radii of 10-20 microns) and cloud-tops well below the tropopause. The maintenance of this balance on monthly time scales can be attributed to a variety of correlations: The cloud cover of optically thick cirrus or thin cirrus overlying low-level stratus clouds could vary; or cirrus anvil height cloud increase along with a decrease in the ice crystal effective radius and an increase in optical depth. It would be of great interest to determine observationally which of these correlations is responsible for the observed lack of variation in cloud forcing.
The structure of affective symptomatology in older adults with osteoarthritis

Objective To examine the structure of symptoms of affective disorder among older adults with a chronic health problem (osteoarthritis) and to explore cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of obtained affective symptom clusters with key health outcomes (pain, functional disability, perceived health). Methods One-year longitudinal study of older adults with diagnosed osteoarthritis of the knee. Symptoms of DSM depression and anxiety were assessed in a research diagnostic interview by using a DSM-IV symptom checklist; self-reports captured demographic characteristics, objective health, pain, disability, and perceived health. Confirmatory factor analysis tested comparability of affective symptom structure in this sample to findings of previous research; ordinary least squares regression examined cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of affective symptoms with health outcomes, controlling for demographics and objective health. Results The current sample displayed an affective symptom structure comparable with that observed in previous research, with symptoms clustering into depressed mood (DM), somatic symptoms (SS), and psychic anxiety (PA) factors. DM was cross-sectionally associated with pain and disability and marginally with perceived health; SS predicted current pain and perceived health. Only DM predicted 1 year change in disability and perceived health (but not pain). Conclusions This research confirms the role of SS of distress in fueling disability and perceived ill health among older adults who are chronically ill. However, it is DM that drives changes in perceived health and functional ability. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Barriers to the Use of Hydrotherapy in Labor

Objective: To determine nurses’ perceived barriers to the use of hydrotherapy in labor. While effective in relieving pain, reducing anxiety, encouraging relaxation, and promoting a sense of control, hydrotherapy is rarely used during labor.
Modeling and PSPICE simulation of a power resonant converter

This paper describes the analysis, design and simulation of the series-parallel resonant converter under various load conditions. The converter's operation is described in detail. Also, the control characteristic curves are shown, from which the design procedure is developed. A specific design example with PSPICE simulation results is presented for the proposed topology. Finally, the simulated results are compared to the theoretical ones.
Protein Structure Change on Adherence to Ultrafiltration Membranes: An Examination by Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Abstract Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to examine changes in the distance between two spin-labels on hen egg lysozyme (HEL, 45 A × 30 A × 30 A, 14,600 Da) when interacting with membranes during ultrafiltration (UF). Membranes with nominal molecular weight cutoff (MWCO) values ranging from 10,000 to 300,000 Da were used. Both cellulosic (hydrophilic) and polysulfone (hydrophobic) membranes were studied. The technique used is based on spin–spin interaction of protein-bound spin-labels that cause dipolar broadening of the EPR spectra. This line broadening is related to spin-label distance and was subsequently used to infer protein conformational changes. The results demonstrate that the distance between the two labels on HEL, while in aqueous solution, was approximately 14.4 A. Using the known crystal structure of hen egg lysozyme, molecular computer modeling of the doubly labeled protein suggests that the most probable spin–spin distance in solution is 13.9 A. This distance is in excellent agreement with our experimentally observed result. Protein–membrane interaction reduced this distance approximately by 5 A, irrespective of the membrane morphology. It is speculated that the lack of variation seen in all the membranes, under our test conditions, may be due to limitations associated with spin-label locations.
Traffic: a novel geometric algorithm for fast wire-optimized floorplanning

As the size and complexity of very large scale integrated (VLSI) circuits increase, the need for faster floorplanning algorithms also grows. This paper introduces trapezoidal floorplanning for integrated circuits (Traffic), a new method for creating wire- and area-optimized floorplans. Through the use of connectivity grouping, simple geometry, and a constrained brute-force approach, Traffic achieves an average of 18% lower wire estimate than simulated annealing (SA) in orders of magnitude less time. This speed allows designers to rapidly explore a large circuit design space, to evaluate small changes to big circuits, to fit bounding boxes, and to produce initial solutions for other floorplanning algorithms
40-Gb/s Optical Packet Buffer Using Conversion/Dispersion-Based Delays

We experimentally demonstrate a continuously tunable, all-optical packet buffer based on conversion dispersion delays. 40-Gb/s asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) packets with return-to-zero on-off keying data are buffered up to ten-packet length (116 ns). The packet buffer performance is characterized for several delay values. Power penalties of 3, 2, and 0.5 dB for zero-packet, five-packet, and ten-packet delays are achieved, respectively, at a bit error rate (BER) of 10-9. Reconfiguration of the packet buffer is also investigated and reconfiguration times as fast as 25 ps are shown by using a high-speed optical switch to toggle between wavelength conversion pumps. The reconfiguration is also demonstrated for a 1 ns guard time between the packets. It is observed that reconfiguration with this method results in ~1.1 and ~2 dB extra power penalty at 10-9 BER for 1 and 25 ps guard times, respectively.
Superior Vena Cava Reconstruction for Treatment of Chylothorax Resulting From Thrombosis of Superior Vena Cava in Young Infants

Background Thrombosis and occlusion of the superior vena cava (SVC) can cause massive chylothorax resulting in significant morbidity and mortality among young infants. Medical therapy is often unsuccessful. We report a new surgical technique that entails open thrombectomy and reconstruction of the SVC and innominate vein to treat this condition. Methods The charts of 4 consecutive infants with chylothoraces refractory to conservative management were reviewed. The operations were performed on cardiopulmonary bypass without myocardial arrest. The SVC and innominate veins were incised open, and thrombectomy was performed. This was followed by homograft patch reconstruction of both the veins. Results The infants were aged between 5 weeks to 4 months and had an average weight of 4 kg. All of them had hypoalbuminemia and evidence of hypercoagulable state. After surgical intervention, 3 had complete relief of SVC obstruction. Two of the 3 patients had complete resolution of chylous effusion, and the third patient had a significant decrease in chest tube drainage (70%) by the end of 1 week. The fourth patient had recurrence of high drainage after an initial improvement, and a subsequent angiogram demonstrated stenosis of the SVC without thrombosis. The chest tube drainage finally resolved after balloon angioplasty. Conclusions Thrombotic occlusion of the SVC can result in chylothorax that is often not amenable to medical therapy. This is associated with significant loss of proteins and hypercoagulable state. A complete surgical relief of SVC obstruction by open thrombectomy and venoplasty can result in dramatic decrease in chylous output.
Marital Messages The Case of Black Women and Their Children

It is an expected norm within our society for women to be married. This research asks Black women about the messages they received about marriage while they were growing up and the messages they in turn pass on to their children about marriage. The various responses denote either a culturalist representation of marriage (i.e., marriages are temporary) or a structuralist interpretation that realizes the messages one receives about marriage are affected by the social and economic realities of the women and their families. To ascertain the information on the messages received and transmitted by women, a survey questionnaire was administered to 286 Black women who lived in the city of Cincinnati, Ohio.
In microfluidico: Recreating in vivo hemodynamics using miniaturized devices

Microfluidic devices create precisely controlled reactive blood flows and typically involve: (i) validated anticoagulation/pharmacology protocols, (ii) defined reactive surfaces, (iii) defined flow-transport regimes, and (iv) optical imaging. An 8-channel device can be run at constant flow rate or constant pressure drop for blood perfusion over a patterned collagen, collagen/kaolin, or collagen/tissue factor (TF) to measure platelet, thrombin, and fibrin dynamics during clot growth. A membrane-flow device delivers a constant flux of platelet agonists or coagulation enzymes into flowing blood. A trifurcated device sheaths a central blood flow on both sides with buffer, an ideal approach for on-chip recalcification of citrated blood or drug delivery. A side-view device allows clotting on a porous collagen/TF plug at constant pressure differential across the developing clot. The core-shell architecture of clots made in mouse models can be replicated in this device using human blood. For pathological flows, a stenosis device achieves shear rates of >100,000 s(-1) to drive plasma von Willebrand factor (VWF) to form thick long fibers on collagen. Similarly, a micropost-impingement device creates extreme elongational and shear flows for VWF fiber formation without collagen. Overall, microfluidics are ideal for studies of clotting, bleeding, fibrin polymerization/fibrinolysis, cell/clot mechanics, adhesion, mechanobiology, and reaction-transport dynamics.
Conceptualizing the Foundation of Inequalities in Care Work

Over the past decade, social science researchers in the area of feminism, labor, immigration, and family have written extensively on the care work crisis and globalized care work. Depending on how ...
The Relation Between Roll Call Votes and Constituencies in the Massachusetts House of Representatives

A major concern of political theorists has been the definition of the proper role of legislators in relation to their constituencies. Yet relatively little analysis has been made of the uniformities of behavior that actually prevail in these relations. Such uniformities, if they could be found, would bear directly on the theory of the party system, on speculation about the nature of representative government, and on the feasibility of proposals for a reordering of party practices.It has been shown that the tendencies of Congressmen to vote with their party or to cross party lines are associated with the similarity or dissimilarity between party policy and presumed interest of constituency. One aim of this study is to test the applicability of this proposition to the Massachusetts House of Representatives, by examination of the relation between roll-call votes and constituency characteristics. The evidence indicates that a similar relation exists in this body, and has been present consistently throughout the last two decades.
Identification of a complex formed between nuclear proteins and the transcriptional enhancer of interferon-inducible genes that is present in the peripheral blood myeloid cells of CML but not normal individuals.

ABSTRACT Interferon-α (IFN-α) induces cytogenetic remissions in 20% of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) patients. To clarify the mechanisms through which this antiproliferative action of IFN is m...
How can we prevent intradialytic hypotension

Purpose of reviewIntradialytic hypotension (IDH) produces uncomfortable symptoms for the patient and reduces the efficiency of dialysis.Recent findingsIDH may be an important cause of vascular access thrombosis. Automatic biofeedback-controlled dialysis changes dialysate conductivity and ultrafiltra
Open-Framework Solids with Diamond-Like Structures Prepared from Clusters and Metal-Organic Building Blocks

The tetrahedral cluster Ge4S10 4- and the rodlike ligand 4,4′-bipyridine are utilized in addition copolymerization reactions with the metal (II) ions of Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, and Zn in the preparation of 3-D open-framework solids, MxCol-xGe4S10-2(CH3)4N (x = 0.86, M = Mn; x = 1, M = Mn, Fe, Co, and Zn), 1, and Cu(4,4′-bpy)2. PF6, 2, having diamond-like structures. These structures are viewed in terms of the cubic diamond structure, where the carbon atoms have been replaced by either a cluster or a metal ion and the C-C bond by a sulfide or the 4,4′-bpy. These compounds have been fully characterized by single crystal x-ray crystallography and their composition was confirmed by elemental analysis; they contain 3-D channel systems where cations or anions reside to balance the charge on the framework.
New Blattisociid Mites (Acarina: Mesostigmata) Recovered from Neotropical Flowers and Hummingbirds' Nares

Eleven new species and two new genera of blattisociid mites are described from the nasal passages of tropical hummingbirds, from flowers, or from both. New genera and species and their hosts are: RHINOSEIUS tiptoni off Phacthornis guy and Lampornis castaneoventris in Panama; TROPICOSEIUS chiriquensis off Amazilia edward in Panama; T. wetmorei (type-species), T. changensis, T. fairchildi, and T. eisenmanni off Phaethornis guy in Panama; T. venezuelensis from Heliconia bracts in Venezuela and Panama, and off Phacthornis superciliosus in Panama; T. heliconiae from Heliconia cuttings (origin unknown), and off Phaethornis yarugui in Colombia; T. peregrinator and T. erro from bromeliads in Mexico; and T. braziliensis from bromeliads from Brazil. Phoresy, rather than parasitism, is suggested to explain the high incidence of these mites in the birds concerned.