cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A test of M subshell conversion coefficients at threshold energies

Abstract The M subshell rations of the 2.23 keV E3 transition in 99 Tc m have been measured to test new calculations of conversion coefficients at threshold. The experimental and theoretical values agree.
The effect of inlet temperature and pressure distortion on turbojet performance

The effects on stability of steady-state, 180 degree extent circumferential distortions of inlet total temperature and pressure were experimentally determined for a turbojet engine. Results for both individual and combined temperature and pressure distortions are presented showing the losses incurred in stall pressure ratio and are compared with results predicted using a simplified parallel compressor model. The loss due to combined distortions was dependent upon the relative orientation between the low pressure and high temperature regions. Reasonable agreement was achieved between the predicted and observed loss in stall pressure ratio when based on a constant corrected speed relationship.
Production and characterization of specific antibody for radioimmunoassay of procainamide

The production and characterization of a specific antibody for use in the radioimmunoassay of procainamide are described. Cross-reactivity was measured by a nonequilibrium competitive procedure. Procainamide analog concentrations resulting in 50% inhibition were: procainamide, 1.59 nmoles/ml; N-acetylprocainamide, 3.55 nmoles/ml; a propyl analog of procainamide, 398 nmoles/ml; procaine, 316 nmoles/ml; lidocaine, >8000 nmoles/ml; and practolol, > 16,000 nmoles/ml. Variations in the ability to inhibit binding of labeled procainamide were related to structural similarities and differences. The affinity constant of the antibody for procainamide was 2.9 × 108 liters/mole as measured from a Scatchard plot. The assay allows the direct measurement of procainamide in a 0.1-ml aliquot of diluted serum. The advantages of this method over currently available techniques are its sensitivity, specificity, and simplicity. Furthermore, prior extraction of serum samples is not required. As little as 1 ng of drug/ml of serum can be detected by this method. The accuracy and precision were determined by adding known amounts of procainamide to human serum and then assaying five replicates of each concentration. The within-day and between-day coefficients of variation were 2 and 5%, respectively. The proposed method was used to determine the serum concentration after an intravenous dose of procainamide. A comparison of the radioimmunoassay results with values obtained by a GLC procedure showed excellent agreement.
Practitioner fraud and abuse in medical benefit programs: government regulation and professional white-collar crime.

Physicians who defraud and abuse medical benefit programs provide a unique group of lawbreakers for scientific study. They could be considered to epitomize white collar criminals given their exceedingly high socioeconomic status and power as a professional group. Using official reports and documents, as well as interviews with enforcement and program personnel at both state and federal levels, this study examines the problem of physician fraud and abuse in Medicare and Medicaid. Major areas relevant to understanding this phenomenon and its control are presented and policy implications of present knowledge in the area are discussed.
Influence of the amount of context learned for improving object classification when simultaneously learning object and contextual cues

Humans use visual context to improve object recognition. Yet, many machine vision algorithms still focus on local object features, discarding surrounding features as unwanted clutter. Here we study the impact of learning contextual cues while training an object classifier. In a new image database with 10 object categories and 28,800 images, objects were presented in contextual or uniform backgrounds. Both the fraction of contextual backgrounds during training and the spatial extent of context were analysed. Local object features and broader context features were extracted by two biologically inspired algorithms, previously used for object and scene classification, respectively: HMAX, applied to a tight window around every object, and a “Gist” algorithm, applied to a larger yet still localized window. The descriptors from both algorithms were combined and processed by a Support Vector Machine. The recognition rate increased from 29%, without contextual cues, to 43% for objects presented in their context.
Tensile tests on plain and fibre reinforced geothermal cements

The tensile behaviour of different geothermal well cement formulations was investigated in order to determine how these materials perform under such loading and how tensile capacity can be improved. The influence of latex, perlite and fibres on the load-displacement relationship of the cements was measured on notched cylinders. The fracture surfaces were examined to further elucidate failure mechanisms. Unreinforced cements exhibited linear elastic behaviour to different degrees and failed in a brittle manner. Cements reinforced with either carbon (150 μm) or steel (1–3 mm) microfibres required greater loads for failure. However, the microfibres did not provide any major improvement in ductility. Addition of 13 mm steel fibres to the cements resulted in both strengthening and transition to ductile behaviour. Inclusion of the types of fibres studied in this work in cements offers potential benefits in maintaining the integrity of geothermal wells when tensile stresses are involved.
Ethanol-induced Inhibition of Liver Cell Function: I. Effect of Ethanol on Hormone Stimulated Hepatocyte DNA Synthesis and the Role of Ethanol Metabolism

We have studied a short term effect (96 hr) of ethanol on hormone-stimulated DNA synthesis in a primary rat hepatocyte culture system. Studies were also performed with respect to total RNA and protein synthesis as well as albumin secretion measured by a solid-phase radioimmunoassay. We found that ethanol, when added to cultured hepatocytes, resulted in a substantial reduction in hormone-stimulated hepatocyte DNA synthesis and this effect was concentration dependent and occurred in serum-free medium. Ethanol also had an inhibitory effect on total RNA synthesis but protein synthesis and albumin secretion remained essentially unchanged. We determined that hepatocytes exposed to ethanol during the first 24 hr of culture were the most susceptible to inhibition of DNA synthesis. During the first 24 hr, alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity was present in the cells at higher levels than at 48 and 72 hr. In human hepatoma cell lines and differentiated primary and secondary chick fibroblasts, no ADH activity was demonstrable; such cells were not inhibited by 100 mM ethanol additions and DNA synthesis rates were similar to untreated cultures. Other alcohols found to be metabolized by hepatocyte ADH were inhibitory towards hormone-stimulated DNA synthesis whereas those with less metabolism had little effect. Hepatocytes treated with 4-methylpyrazole, an inhibitor of ADH, were partially protected from ethanol effects. Taken together our results are consistent with the hypothesis that a major physiological effect of ethanol on the hepatocyte is a direct impairment of DNA synthesis and that alcohol metabolism is required.
Terrestrial and marine records of climatic and environmental changes during the Pliocene in subtropical Florida

Pollen, ostracode, and benthic foraminifer assemblages deposited during sea-level high-stands in subtropical Florida record a climate change during the period 4.5-1.0 Ma. Before 3.5 Ma, open-shelf marine faunas and pollen assemblages with abundant Pinus , Quercus , Fagus , Carya , and nonarboreal pollen were present, indicating cooler conditions than today. From ∼3.5 to 1.0 Ma, marine and terrestrial records indicate warmer conditions, similar to those existing in south Florida today. Combined with evidence for much warmer than modern conditions at high latitudes, these data suggest that increased poleward oceanic heat transport, possibly related to the emergence of the Central American isthmus between ∼3.5 and 2.5 Ma, was a major influence on mid-Pliocene warmth.
Short-and Long-Lived Messenger RNA in Embryonic Chick Lens

Cells of the embryonic chick lens pass through a definite sequence of macromolecular synthesis as they differentiate and migrate from one zone of the organ to another. Auto-radiographic studies of RNA synthesis and protein synthesis show that long-and short-lived messenger RNA9s are both present in the lens.
Women's Reactions to Rape Victims: Motivational Processes Associated With Blame and Social Support1

A study was conducted with 128 female college students to test the hypothesis that when observers feel vulnerable to rape, they are more likely to blame a rape victim3 and are less willing to offer social support. Similarity and empathy were expected to moderate the effects of perceived vulnerability on blame and predict greater social support. Assumptions about the world were predicted to be associated with greater blame. A multivariate model was tested with structural equation modeling techniques. Perceived vulnerability did not directly or indirectly predict blame. However, similarity directly predicted less blame and indirectly predicted greater social support through associations with blame, perceived vulnerability, and empathy. World assumptions directly predicted greater blame and indirectly predicted less social support through blame. These findings suggest that blame and social support are interrelated processes which are associated with social observers' perceptions of the victim and their basic assumptions about the world.
Left atrial aneurysm

Aneurysms of the left atrium are rare abnormalities. They can be congenital or acquired. Whereas a true congenital aneurysm presents as isolated pathology, inflammatory or degenerative processes involving the endocardium are associated with the acquired type. The clinical records of 2 patients with the diagnosis of left atrial aneurysm were reviewed, along with the surgical strategies, current literature, and patient outcomes. Because of the risk of life-threatening complications, surgery is recommended even in asymptomatic cases. Resection and mitral valvuloplasty should be the treatment of choice.
Cytokine expression during chronic versus occult hepatitis B virus infection in HIV co-infected individuals

Chronic hepatitis B virus infection is characterized by persistent detectable levels of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and HBV DNA in the serum. In contrast, HBsAg is not detectable during occult HBV infection, despite the presence of HBV DNA. An altered host immune response could play a role in the development of occult HBV infection; however, potential differences in immune responses among chronic and occult HBV-infected patients have not been evaluated in vivo. In the current study, we evaluated serum levels of regulatory, apoptotic, and fibrotic/anti-fibrotic cytokines/markers as indicators of immune responses in 25 chronic and 12 occult HBV-infected patients. More than half of the patients in both chronic and occult HBV infection groups had IL-2, IL-4, IL-13, and IFN-gamma levels below detectable limits. In contrast, most patients had detectable levels of IL-8, IL-10, IP-10, sFas, sFasL, and TGF-beta1. Of these, only sFas was significantly different between the two groups, with lower levels observed during occult compared to chronic HBV infection (p=0.01). As a surrogate marker of apoptotic inhibition, decreased sFas during occult HBV infection suggests that apoptosis occurs at different rates in occult compared to chronic HBV infection and therefore, may contribute to persistence of occult HBV infection.
Risk premia and overshooting

Abstract Exchange rate volatility exceeds the volatility of identified fundamentals. Dornbusch offers the classic explanation: exchange rate overshooting in response to monetary policy shocks. The present paper shows that shocks to the risk premium may be an additional source of overshooting.
Liner wrinkling and collapse of bi-material pipe under bending

Abstract Lining internally a carbon steel pipe with a thin layer of corrosion resistant material is an economical method for protecting offshore tubulars from the corrosive ingredients of hydrocarbons. In applications involving severe plastic bending, such as in the reeling installation process, the liner can detach from the outer pipe and develop large amplitude buckles that compromise the flow. This paper outlines a numerical framework for establishing the extent to which lined pipe can be bent before liner collapse. The modeling starts with the simulation of the inflation process through which the two tubes develop interference contact pressure. Bending the composite structure leads to differential ovalization and eventually separation of part of the liner from the outer pipe. The unsupported strip of the liner on the compressed side first wrinkles and at higher curvature buckles and collapses in a diamond shaped mode. The sensitivity of the collapse curvature to the various parameters of the problem is studied, and amongst other findings the onset of collapse is shown to be very sensitive to small geometric imperfections in the liner. It is also demonstrated that bending the pipe under modest amounts of internal pressure can delay liner collapse to curvatures that make it reelable.
Activity coefficient of hydrochloric acid in aqueous solutions of sodium chloride

Electromotive-force measurements of the cell $$Pt;H_2 \left( {g,1{\text{ }}atm} \right)|HCl\left( {{\text{m}}_A } \right),NaCl\left( {{\text{m}}_B } \right)|AgCl;Ag$$ have been made at temperatures between 5 and 45°C at values ofm A+m B of 0.1, 0.3809, 0.6729, and 0.8720 mole-kg−1. The activity coefficients of HCl in HCl/NaCl mixtures and the Harned coefficients α12 have been obtained. The change of α12 with total molality is consistent with the existence of binary interactions between H+ and Na+ ions. The linear variation of the relative partial molal heat content with the fraction of NaCl in the mixture suggests that an analog of the Harned rule exists for this thermodynamic quantity.
Interface crack in a nonhomogeneous elastic medium

The linear elasticity problem for an interface crack between two bonded half planes is reconsidered. It is assumed that one of the half planes is homogeneous and the second is nonhomogeneous in such a way that the elastic properties are continuous throughout the plane and have discontinuous derivatives along the interface. The problem is formulated in terms of a system of integral equations and the asymptotic behavior of the stress state near the crack tip is determined. The results lead to the conclusion that the singular behavior of stresses in the nonhomogeneous medium is identical to that in a homogeneous material provided the spacial distribution of material properties is continuous near and at the crack tip. The problem is solved for various values of the nonhomogeneity parameter and for four different sets of crack surface tractions, and the corresponding stress intensity factors are tabulated.
What is hydroxynorketamine and what can it bring to neurotherapeutics

(R,S)-Ketamine was initially developed as an anesthetic agent and its pharmacological properties were determined on the basis of this clinical use. However, pharmacological studies in rat led to the development of the ‘Ketamine Paradigm’, whereby (R,S)-ketamine and its N-demethylated metabolite (R,S)-norketamine were deemed the active compounds whereas the other ketamine metabolites were considered inactive. Recent in vivo and in vitro studies with (2S,6S)-hydroxynorketamine, a previously identified ‘inactive’ metabolite, have demonstrated that this compound is an active and selective inhibitor of the α7 subtype of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and that this activity contributes to the pharmacological responses associated with the antidepressant activity of (R,S)-ketamine. Thus, it appears that it is necessary to reassess the ‘Ketamine Paradigm’ in regards to the use of sub-anesthetic doses of (R,S)-ketamine in the treatment of treatment-resistant depression.
Two Towns In Germany: Commerce and the Urban Transformation

Two Towns In Germany: Commerce and the Urban Transformation. NORBERT DANN HAEUSER. Westport, CT: Bergin and Garvey, 1966. xxiv. 311 pp., notes, references, glossary, illustrations, case histories, index.
Production and migration of interstitials in deformed metals

An investigation was made of defect production during plastic deformation. Prior to cold-rolling, samples of Au were damaged and preannealed at temperatures in order to maximize site fractions of five different In-vacancy defect complexes, such as In-1V and In-2V. Evolutions of site fractions were monitored by perturbed γ-γ angular correlation spectroscopy after additional strains at 77 K. Observed transformations between sites are consistent with defect-antidefect annihilation reactions between the small complexes and mobile interstitials, and indicate a large production of interstitials during deformation. An extended defect complex attributed to a planar faulted loop became glissile under small strain.
Chemical Vapor Synthesis and Characterization of Nanosized WC−Co Composite Powder and Post-treatment

Nanosized WC−Co composite powders were produced by a chemical vapor synthesis (CVS) process. The reactions of vaporized chlorides (WCl6 and CoCl2) with methane−hydrogen mixtures produced nanosized WC−Co composite powder, which sometimes contained W2C or W phase. The effects of reactant concentrations, WCl6 volatilizer temperature, and H2 to CH4 molar ratio in the feed stream were investigated. The produced powder was heat-treated under hydrogen to fully carburize all tungsten carbide phases to WC and reduce carbon content down to nearly stoichiometric levels. Finally, WC−Co composite powders of particle size less than 70 nm with 0−3% excess carbon were obtained.
One Fungus = One Name: DNA and fungal nomenclature twenty years after PCR

Some fungi with pleomorphic life-cycles still bear two names despite more than 20 years of molecular phylogenetics that have shown how to merge the two systems of classification, the asexual “Deuteromycota” and the sexual “Eumycota”. Mycologists have begun to flout nomenclatorial regulations and use just one name for one fungus. The International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (ICBN) must change to accommodate current practice or become irrelevant. The fundamental difference in the size of fungi and plants had a role in the origin of dual nomenclature and continues to hinder the development of an ICBN that fully accommodates microscopic fungi. A nomenclatorial crisis also looms due to environmental sequencing, which suggests that most fungi will have to be named without a physical specimen. Mycology may need to break from the ICBN and create a MycoCode to account for fungi known only from environmental nucleic acid sequence (i.e. ENAS fungi).
Valuing Diversity and Interest in Intergroup Contact

The present research examines ways in which valuing diversity relates to interest in intergroup contact among members of minority and majority status groups. Using open-ended responses, Study 1 reveals that ethnic minority group members are less likely to perceive that diversity is valued than ethnic majority group members, yet those who perceive that diversity is valued tend to express greater interest in intergroup contact. Surveys of Black and White respondents (Study 2) and ethnic minority and majority respondents (Study 3) indicate similar trends. Moreover, these studies consistently show that valuing diversity uniquely predicts interest in intergroup contact among majority group members, whereas perceiving that outgroup members value diversity predicts interest in intergroup contact among minority group members. Implications of these findings for understanding the role of diversity in intergroup relations, and reformulating aspects of intergroup contact theory, are discussed.
Parallel adaptive hp -refinement techniques for conservation laws

We describe an adaptive hp-refinement local finite element procedure for the parallel solution of hyperbolic systems of conservation laws on rectangular domains. The local finite element procedure utilizes spaces of piecewise-continuous polynomials of arbitrary degree and coordinated explicit Runge-Kutta temporal integration. A solution limiting procedure produces monotonic solutions near discontinuities while maintaining high-order accuracy near smooth extrema. A modified tiling procedure maintains processor load balance on parallel, distributed-memory MIMD computers by migrating finite elements between processors in overlapping neighborhoods to produce locally balanced computations. Grids are stored in tree data structures, with finer grids being offspring of coarser ones. Within each grid, AVL trees simplify the transfer of information between neighboring processors and the insertion and deletion of elements as they migrate between processors. Computations involving Burgers' and Euler's equations of inviscid flow demonstrate the effectiveness of the hp-refinement and balancing procedures relative to non-balanced adaptive and balanced non-adaptive procedures.
Aortic aneurysm; report of 101 cases.

An evaluation of the management of patients with aneurysm of the aorta seems timely because of new and promising methods of treatment. The risks of nonoperative and operative treatment are presented from the experiences with 101 patients admitted to the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania during the years 1950 through 1955. Follow-up data indicate that the mortality of nonoperative treatment is considerably greater than that of excision of the lesion, in spite of the poor operative risk of many patients in this group. The nonoperative mortality within 1 year of diagnosis was approximately 50 per cent. Many of these patients died of rupture of the aneurysm.
Effect of age on plasma 1,25-(OH)2 vitamin D in the rat

Levels of plasma calcium, phosphorus, creatinine and 1,25-(OH)2-D were measured in healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats aged 6 months (mature) and 20–24 months (senescent). Plasma 1,25-(OH)2-D levels fell from 95 ± 50 pmol/l in the mature rats to 41 ± 10 pmol/l in the senescent rats (p < 0.01). Despite a significant fall in plasma phosphate from 3.06 ± 0.37 mmol/l to 2.54 mmol/l (p < 0.005) in the two groups, respectively, plasma calcium remained constant at about 2.4 mmol/l in both groups.
Characteristics of a fast transient outward current in guinea pig trigeminal motoneurons

Abstract A fast transient voltage dependent outward current (TOC) in trigeminal motoneurons (TMNs) was studied in guinea pig brainstem slices by use of sharp electrodes in combination with single electrode voltage clamp techniques. In solutions containing TTX, low Ca2+Mn2+ and 20 mM TEA this current activated around −55 to −60 mV from holding potentials negative to resting potential, obtained its peak amplitude within 5 ms and decayed as a single exponential with a time constant of 6–8 ms. Half maximal values for inactivation and activation were −72 and −37 mV, respectively. Bath application of 5mM 4-AP suppressed this current by approximately 90% and eliminated the early depolarizing transient membrane rectification observed in response to a constant depolarizing current pulse, prolonged the action potential duration, and reduced the threshold voltage and delay to onset of the action potential. It is suggested that this current resembles the typical A-current observed in many CNS neurons and, as a result of its voltage and time dependent properties, could contribute to control of motoneuronal discharge and timing of burst onset during rhythmical jaw movements. Therefore, any cellular models of masticatory activity should include the properties of this current.
Detection of anti-rabies virus cytotoxic T lymphocytes in mice of four distinct H-2 haplotypes using target cells persistently infected with ERA rabies virus

Cells persistently infected with Evelyn-Rokitnicki-Abelseth (ERA) rabies virus were established. The cells were used as stimulator and target cells to compare H-2 restricted cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses specific for rabies virus in A/WySnJ (H-2a), C57BL/6J (H-2b), BALB/cByJ (H-2d), A.SW/SnJ (H-2s) and SJL/J (H-2s) mice. Using a 51chromium release assay, it was determined that an effector/target (E/T) ratio of 5:1 was necessary to demonstrate specific lysis of ERA virus persistently infected mouse neuroblastoma (MNB) (H-2a), EL-4 (H-2b) and P815 (H-2d) cells. Effectors at an E:T ratio of only 0.05:1 specifically lysed an SV-40 transformed SJL/J mouse fibroblast (SSSV) (H-2s) target monolayer. The CTL destruction of the SSSV monolayer was observed visually following Giemsa staining. This is the first instance in which a detailed method for detection of murine anti-rabies virus CTLs has been reported. Furthermore, it is the first time target cells persistently infected with rabies virus were used as stimulator cells to amplify CTLs in vitro and as target cells in the CTL assay. It also is the initial report in which rabies specific CTLs were characterized in H-2d and H-2s rabies virus infected mice.
Ventricular pre-excitation and prolonged Q-T interval syndromes in a patient with mitral valve prolapse

A 34-year-old woman with mitral valve prolapse, frequent ventricular dysrhythmias, and chest pain was studied. Surface electrocardiograms demonstrated short PR and prolonged Q-T intervals. A-V nodal conduction times during atrial pacing were characteristic of A-V nodal bypass tract function. The case is thus interpreted to be one of overlap between three syndromes known to predispose to cardiac dysrhythmias, i.e., mitral valve prolapse, Lown-Ganong-Levine syndrome, and prolonged Q-T interval syndrome.
Placement of replicated tasks for distributed stream processing systems

We propose an algorithm for placing tasks of data flows for streaming systems onto servers within a message-oriented middleware where certain tasks can be replicated. Our work is centered on the idea that certain transformations are stateless and can therefore be replicated. Replication in this case can cause workloads to be partitioned among multiple machines, thus enabling message processing to be parallelized and lead to improvements in performance. We propose a guided replication approach for this purpose that iteratively computes the optimal placement of replicas where each subsequent iteration of the algorithm takes as input optimal solutions computed in the previous run. As a result, the system performance is consistently improved, which eventually converges as shown in simulation results. We demonstrate, through simulation experiments with both simple and complex task flow graphs and network topologies that introducing our replication mechanism can lead to improvements in runtime performance. When system resources are scarce, the benefits of applying our replication mechanism are even greater.
Concerning the effect of laser pulse shape on the product yield in collisionless MPD

Abstract Intrinsic to rate equation descriptions of MPD is a dependence of yield on pulse shape Upper and lower bounds are denied showing this “intrinsic” pulse shape effect to be small for overall yield, but potentially large for relative product distribution.
Birth outcomes to rural Illinois residents: is there a crisis?

: In recent years, the supply of obstetric services in rural areas has been a concern. At the same time, the demand for such services has been affected by the reduction in population and economic base. This article explores the extent of these trends in Illinois and whether they have led to a deterioration in amount of prenatal care and birth outcomes. Using birth certificate and infant death data for residents of rural Illinois counties in 1983 and 1988, prenatal care and birth outcomes for each year are compared within rural areas and to the rest of the state, as well as between the two time periods. Although rural residents began prenatal care later, they obtained similar qualities of care as their urban counterparts. The data revealed no adverse impact on birth outcomes of residing in increasingly rural areas, nor was there a deterioration during the time period. An attempt was made to identify rural counties that lost providers and/ or facilities and those that gained them. Although such a classification scheme is subjective, similar results ensued. While indirect costs such as time and effort to obtain care may have increased, at 1988 levels of care availability there was no crisis in Illinois.
Laminar newtonian flow in open channels with surface tension

Abstract Fully developed laminar Newtonian flows in open channels possess curved free surfaces because of surface tension effects. For a one-dimensional flow the surface profile can be determined exactly. A series expansion method is used to find the first-order effect of the meniscus on the friction and the velocity field in channels of semi-circular and of rectangular cross-sections. The effects of convex and concave surfaces on the stress distributions are also discussed.
Photodissociation of the Fluorene Cation: A Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometric Study

The photodecomposition of the vapor phase fluorene cation has been studied using Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (ICR) mass spectrometry. Broad-band visible and ultraviolet irradiation for relatively short times (∼0.5 s) is shown to lead predominantly to sequential hydrogen atom loss, with one to five hydrogens lost. A relatively minor decomposition route for several precursor ions is the loss of H2 (or 2H atoms). Longer irradiation times lead to various products resulting from multiple C−C bond cleavages. The “action” spectrum for the m/z 166 → 165 process reveals two major electronic absorption bands which correlate well with a previous matrix absorption spectrum of the parent ion. The C13H+10-n (n = 0−5) species have been isolated in the ICR mass spectrometer, irradiated further, and their photodecomposition followed kinetically. Solution of the appropriate coupled differential equations that govern the kinetics has enabled fits to the experimental data. Rate constants and branching ratios fo...
A POSSIBLE MORPHOLOGIC BASIS FOR THE AUTOINTERFERENCE PHENOMENON IN VESICULAR STOMATITIS VIRUS.

Abstract A physical particle which could account for the phenomenon of autointerference in vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) is described. This particle is present in virus prepared by the multicyclic growth method, following inoculation with a high multiplicity of virus. Architectural details of the New Jersey serotype of VSV are presented.
Enhancement of phenotypic expression in cultured malignant liver epithelial cells by a complex medium.

The ability of two media identically supplemented with serum to maintain functional and structural differentiated properties of cultured malignant liver epithelial cells was compared. Reuber H35 hepatoma cells grown in a complex medium, Medium E, possessed the gluconeogenic enzyme phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and bile canaliculi. When grown in Eagle's Minimal Essential Medium, the activity of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase was reduced and bile canaliculi were not formed. This decrease in properties was restored when cells maintained in Minimal Essential Medium were returned to Medium E. It was concluded that the enhanced phenotypic expression was probably due to enrichment of the nutrient environment.
Terminal anhydride functionalization of polystyrene

Polystyrene chains with terminal anhydride groups were synthesized by direct chain transfer reaction between poly(styryl) lithium and trimellitic anhydride chloride(TMAC) and by the alkoxy-de-halogenation reaction between TMAC and hydroxy terminated polystyrene. A maximum yield of 61% for the direct functionalization route and 85% for the indirect functionalization route using hydroxyl terminated polystyrene were achieved. The higher yield of the indirect method seems to be the result of the relatively mild reactivity of the hydroxyl group
Steering exact penalty methods for nonlinear programming

This paper reviews, extends and analyses a new class of penalty methods for nonlinear optimization. These methods adjust the penalty parameter dynamically; by controlling the degree of linear feasibility achieved at every iteration, they promote balanced progress toward optimality and feasibility. In contrast with classical approaches, the choice of the penalty parameter ceases to be a heuristic and is determined, instead, by a subproblem with clearly defined objectives. The new penalty update strategy is presented in the context of sequential quadratic programming and sequential linear-quadratic programming methods that use trust regions to promote convergence. The paper concludes with a discussion of penalty parameters for merit functions used in line search methods.
Religion and military policy attitudes in America

The present study assesses the relationship between religious faith, worship discourse, and military policy attitudes among White Americans. Our work suggests that religious congregations are important spaces for Whites to potentially engage in dissenting political talk. We find that the degree to which congregations inform military policy attitudes, laity must be involved in political discussions. However, this study also suggests that religious faith plays a role in the degree to which political discussions had within worship spaces associates with anti-war attitudes. White Evangelical Protestants tend to be less opposed to aggressive military policy than others. These differences become particularly pronounced among Evangelical and Mainline Protestants as members of these religious faiths become involved in and/or exposed to social-political discussions within worship spaces.
Chemoselective Removal of Dimeric 1,3-Diol Impurities Generated from Methyl Grignard Addition onto Esters

In two separate cases, we have found that 1,3-diol dimeric impurities were common byproducts generated from the methyl Grignard addition onto esters to form the corresponding tertiary alcohols. These impurities proved difficult to purge by recrystallization as they tended to cocrystallize with the desired product. To avoid the necessity of chromatography, we developed a practical procedure for the chemoselective removal of these 1,3-diol impurities from crude tertiary alcohol by simply performing the recrystallization in the presence of phenylboronic acid. This straightforward method proved equally successful for two cases studied, and the procedure was later demonstrated on a multikilogram scale.
Probability of directional errors with disordinal (qualitative) interaction

In a factorial design with two or more factors, there is nonzero interaction when the differences among the levels of one factor vary with levels of other factors. The interaction is disordinal or qualitative with respect to a specific factor, sayA, if the difference between at least two levels ofA is positive for some and negative for some levels of the other factors. Using standard methods of analysis, there is a potentially large probability of drawing incorrect conclusions about the signs of differences in the presence of disordinal interaction. The maximum probability of such incorrect conclusions, or directional errors, is derived for two-factor designs in which the factor of interest has two levels and the number of levels of the other factor varies.
Comparative effect of positive and negative static magnetic fields on heart rate and blood pressure in healthy adults

Objective: To compare changes in heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) associated with short-term exposure to static magnetic fields (SMFs) of positive versus negative polarity.Design: A double-blind, randomized controlled trial using a time series design.Setting: Physical therapy laboratory in a university setting.Subjects: Seventy-five adults with a mean age of 30.6 years were assigned to one of three treatment groups. No subjects had any symptoms of cardiovascular disease or cardiac irregularity.Interventions: Fifteen-minute exposure to an SMF by lying on a mattress pad containing magnets of positive polarity, negative polarity, or none (placebo).Main outcome measures: HR and BP were monitored prior to exposure, at 1-minute, 5-minute, 10-minute and 15-minute intervals following exposure, and again 5 minutes after exposure.Results: Subjects in all groups demonstrated slight decreases in HR and BP, but none of these changes were associated with the intervention (p = 0.170).Conclusions: Short-term expos...
Effects of Convective Momentum Transport on the Atmospheric Circulation in the Community Atmosphere Model, Version 3

Abstract Transport of momentum by convection is an important process affecting global circulation. Owing to the lack of global observations, the quantification of the impact of this process on the tropospheric climate is difficult. Here an implementation of two convective momentum transport parameterizations, presented by Schneider and Lindzen and Gregory et al., in the Community Atmosphere Model, version 3 (CAM3) is presented, and their effect on global climate is examined in detail. An analysis of the tropospheric zonal momentum budget reveals that convective momentum transport affects tropospheric climate mainly through changes to the Coriolis torque. These changes result in improvement of the representation of the Hadley circulation: in December–February, the upward branch of the circulation is weakened in the Northern Hemisphere and strengthened in the Southern Hemisphere, and the lower northerly branch is weakened. In June–August, similar improvements are noted. The inclusion of convective momentum ...
Garage sales make good neighbors : Building community through neighborhood sales

This article explores the community-building potential of neighborhood garage sales, focusing on case examples in suburban developments and city block sales, and contrasting them with student housing, town/rural, and cooperative sales. Under the auspices of attracting more shoppers and making some extra money by cleaning out unneeded goods, neighborhood sales get residents out of their dwellings and mingling among themselves, sometimes for the first time. Some neighborhood sales have been organized expressly for the purpose of getting the neighbors to know one another in areas undergoing transition. They provide a positive means to combat a perceived “decline of community” in the United States today, developing both bonding and binding social capital. The most successful sales for community building occur in neighborhoods that have: houses relatively close together with a high density of sales to facilitate walking; few other community integrating activities; capable organizers with a vision of community;...
Physical and Electrical Properties of Thin-Film Barium Titanate Prepared by RF Sputtering on Silicon Substrates

Thin films of barium titanate in the range of 0.2 to 1.25 microns were successfully grown by RF sputtering on doped silicon substrates with resistivities of 0.002 \Omeg \bullet cm to 0.25 \Omeg \bullet cm . Two types of film crystal structures were achieved: 1)mixed orientation growth; and 2) preferred orientation growth along the axis. The film stoichiometry was very much dependent on film structure during deposition. The effective crystallite size and nonuniform strain were also found to depend on the initial growth conditions. The electrical properties of these films were strongly influenced by the initial growth conditions and physical structure. The following are some of the important electrical properties: relative dielectric constant-110 to 215; loss factor-l.8 to 5.0 percent; electrical resistivity-lO10to 1013 \Omeg \bullet cm; and dielectric breakdown->lO5V/cm.
ILC underground cost analysis in the US

Overview of cost analyses prepared on various aspects of the underground construction for ILC located at a site near Fermilab in USA. The analyses encompass the various construction costs for the tunnels, shafts, passageways, caverns, and halls associated with the ILC.
O7.07PET IMAGING OF BRAIN GLIOMAS WITH C-11 ACETATE: COMPARISON WITH F-18 FDG PET

INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinical value of C-11 acetate(ACE) positron emission tomography(PET), compared with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose(FDG) PET, in patients with a brain glioma. METHODS: Forty patients with a glioma were prospectively examined by C-11 acetate PET and F-18 FDG PET. Six patients had grade II, 11 had grade III, and 23 had grade IV gliomas. They underwent PET with both FDG and ACE on separate days. Images were analyzed by the tumor-to-cortex ratio(T/C ratio). The tumor uptake was visually scored into 3 grades as compared with that of the contralateral cortex: low(similar to or lower than contralateral cortex), moderate(slightly increased), and intense(markedly increased). RESULT: In grade IV, all lesions showed intense ACE uptake. Seventy four percent(17/23) of grade IV gliomas had intense FDG uptake and 26%(6/23) had moderate FDG uptake. In grade III, all lesions had moderate ACE uptake and there were 27%(3/11) with intense FDG uptake, 64%(7/11) with moderate FDG uptake, and 9%(1/11) with low FDG uptake. In grade II gliomas, all lesions had low ACE and FDG uptake. The mean ACE T/C ratio in grade IV gliomas(2.91 ± 0.89) was significantly higher than that in both grade III gliomas(1.56 ± 0.37; p = 0.001) and grade II gliomas(0.83 ± 0.31; p = 0.002). The mean FDG T/C ratio in grade IV gliomas(1.27 ± 0.42) was significantly higher than that in grade II gliomas(0.57 ± 0.12; p = 0.016), but not in grade III gliomas(1.00 ± 0.59; p = 0.252). FDG PET was not reliable in differentiating grade III gliomas from grade IV gliomas. CONCLUSION: FDG PET and ACE PET seem to be equal in detecting high grade gliomas. However, ACE PET was better in differentiating grade III from IV tumors. Both FDG PET and ACE PET had no positive uptake in grade II gliomas which was well correlated with biological behavior of tumor. ACE seems to be very useful in grading brain gliomas and also have a potential in detecting unsuspected high grade gliomas which is important to decide surgical extent.
10 points for the best answer!: baiting for explicating knowledge contributions within online Q&A

Online question answering (Q&A) provides a popular platform for people to interact with information online, both by asking and answering questions. Although previous studies have focused on factors that motivate answerers, these studies have not considered that questions offering potential rewards to answerers might provide extrinsic motivation to answer it. In the current study, we collected 25,878 resolved (i.e. one of the answers received a "Best Answer" rating from the asker) questions from Yahoo! Answers. Half contained an explicit offer to reward points, (i.e. "10 points for the best answer!") in the question subject and/or content (n=12,939) and half did not (n=12,939). Findings indicate that although questions without explicit offers received more answers on average, questions with explicit offers to reward points received a "Best Answer" rating by the asker approximately five times faster than the ones without an expression. This suggests that an explicit offer to reward ten points within a question affects the resultant on the quality of the answers provided within online Q&A.
Mice Lacking Both TNF and IL-1 Receptors Exhibit Reduced Lung Inflammation and Delay in Onset of Death following Infection with a Highly Virulent H5N1 Virus

The emergence of the highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza virus and its associated high lethality still remains a public health concern. Since the re-emergence of the H5N1 subtype in 2003, there have been over 495 human cases worldwide, of which approximately 60% have been fatal [1]. H5N1 virus infected patients initially present with fever, coughing, dyspnea and in some cases radiological evidence of bronchopneumonia [2, 3]. In severe cases, bilateral pneumonia and the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is followed by progressive respiratory failure [4, 5]. ARDS is a clinical syndrome usually secondary to an intense host cytokine and inflammatory response that includes increased levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) [5-9]. Thus, it has been suggested that elevated levels of cytokines in H5N1 infected patients may contribute to the overall pathogenesis of these viral infections further complicating recovery [10-13]. The hypothesis that an aberrant cytokine and subsequent cellular immune responses to H5N1 virus detrimentally affect severity and patient outcome has been understudied. In comparison to seasonal influenza strains, H5N1 viruses are potent inducers of TNF and IL-1 cytokines both in vivo and in vitro studies [3, 10-15]. In mice, studies demonstrated that no individual pro-inflammatory cytokine was responsible for the pathogenesis associated with virus or bacterial infection [16-19]. Thus, the lack of these individual cytokine receptors ultimately did not lead to an improvement in host survival following infection with H5N1 virus. However, because of the functional redundancy of some cytokine products, the effect of deleting only one cytokine might be masked by compensatory host responses. To determine the combined contributions of TNF and IL-1 signaling to the inflammatory responses to H5N1 virus infection, we utilized triple mutant (TM) mice deficient in TNF (R1 and R2 receptors) and IL-1 (type I receptor) and measured their host responses to a virulent H5N1 virus. We found that TM mice survived longer, exhibited less morbidity, and displayed a reduction in lung inflammation and cytokine response compared to wild-type (WT) mice. The specific immune cell subpopulations contributing to the differences in inflammation observed between infected TM and WT mice are also presented here. This study shows an important role of the combined effects of TNF and IL-1 in contributing to the pathogenic outcome of H5N1 virus infection.
Compressive sensing applied to homeland security

Sensing applications in Homeland Security have increasingly emphasized the use of high frequency RF such as the millimeter and terahertz bands. These sensors implement both imaging and spectroscopic systems. Currently envisioned applications have run into practical limitations regarding the implementation of classic sensor configurations such as standard focal plane arrays or spectrometers. Compressive sensing offers an alternative architecture for remote, distributed and networked sensors that may significantly alleviate the current limitations on Homeland Security applications. This paper considers the measurement matrix and reconstruction algorithms appropriate to this application. Data for spectroscopic and imaging applications is presented.
Piloting Group Well Child Visits in Pediatric Resident Continuity Clinic

Introduction. Well child care is taught with individual visits in pediatric residency. Teaching residents how to deliver well child care efficiently is critical. Group well child care brings multiple families together for visits. The authors piloted group visits in pediatric residency clinic. Methods. The authors conducted group visits for 1- to 12-month old children. Seven families completed the group visits and were surveyed. Nine residents (intervention group) conducted group visits. Eighteen months after implementation, the intervention and control groups in the same clinic surveyed. Results. All families recommended group visits. The intervention group residents reported significantly more direct observations (P < .05). Trends toward improvement of teaching and role modeling for the intervention group were also observed. Discussion. The authors’ continuity clinic had success implementing group visits, and families were recommended the visits. Group visits offer a natural environment to observe reside...