cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Molecular Aspects of Lifestyle and Environmental Effects in Patients With Diabetes: JACC Focus Seminar

Diabetes is characterized as an integrated condition of dysregulated metabolism across multiple tissues, with well-established consequences on the cardiovascular system. Recent advances in precision phenotyping in biofluids and tissues in large human observational and interventional studies have afforded a unique opportunity to translate seminal findings in models and cellular systems to patients at risk for diabetes and its complications. Specifically, techniques to assay metabolites, proteins, and transcripts, alongside more recent assessment of the gut microbiome, underscore the complexity of diabetes in patients, suggesting avenues for precision phenotyping of risk, response to intervention, and potentially novel therapies. In addition, the influence of external factors and inputs (eg, activity, diet, medical therapies) on each domain of molecular characterization has gained prominence toward better understanding their role in prevention. Here, the authors provide a broad overview of the role of several of these molecular domains in human translational investigation in diabetes.
The Effect of Defense Spending on Subjective Well-Being: Cross-Country Evidence

This study examines the effect of defense spending on individual Subjective Well-Being (SWB). While other types of public spending have been examined for their associations with SWB, the role of defense spending has not been extensively studied. By utilizing various perspectives of defense policy and human well-being, this study investigates whether defense spending has a either positive or negative effect on individual SWB along with socioeconomic development. The empirical results drawn from several specifications reveal that the effect of defense expenditure on individual SWB is negative across both developed and developing countries. Based on the findings, this study suggests that an increase in defense expenditure when it has already reached its saturation point is likely to crowd out other essential policy sectors that are equally effective in reducing the likelihood of violent conflicts.
Time-Varying Delay

Before we complete Part I of the book, on predictor feedback for linear systems, and before we move on to delay-adaptive control in Part II, we examine a somewhat related problem of linear (time-invariant) systems with time-varying input or output delays.
Correlation and Linear Regression

The purpose of this lesson on correlation and linear regression is to provide guidance on how R can be used to determine the association between two variables and to then use this degree of association to predict future outcomes. Past behavior is the best predictor of future behavior. This concept applies in the biological sciences, physical sciences, social sciences, and also in economics. By knowing past relationships between variables (e.g., correlation), it is then possible to build a prediction equation to foretell future values for selected variables (e.g., regression). This lesson will focus on Pearson’s Product Moment Coefficient of Correlation (Pearson’s r, perhaps the most common test for determining if there is an association between phenomena) and linear regression.
Partner Preferences Among Survivors of Betrayal Trauma

Betrayal trauma theory suggests that social and cognitive development may be affected by early trauma such that individuals develop survival strategies, particularly dissociation and lack of betrayal awareness, that may place them at risk for further victimization. Several experiences of victimization in the context of relationships predicated on trust and dependence may contribute to the development of relational schema whereby abuse is perceived as normal. The current exploratory study investigates interpersonal trauma as an early experience that might impact the traits that are desired in potential romantic partners. Participants in the current study were asked to rate the desirability of several characteristics in potential romantic partners. Although loyalty was desirable to most participants regardless of their trauma history, those who reported experiences of high betrayal trauma rated loyalty less desirable than those who reported experiences of traumas that were low and medium in betrayal. Participants who reported experiences of revictimization (defined as the experience of trauma perpetrated by a close other during 2 different developmental periods) differed from participants who only reported 1 experience of high betrayal trauma in their self-reported desire for a romantic partner who possessed the traits of sincerity and trustworthiness. Preference for a partner who uses the tactic of verbal aggression was also associated with revictimization status. These preliminary findings suggest that victimization perpetrated by close others may affect partner preferences.
Parturients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: case series and review of pregnancy outcomes and anesthetic management of labor and delivery

Abstract Background Advances in understanding the pathogenesis, diagnosis and management of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy have resulted in increased longevity and a better quality of life of affected patients considering pregnancy. Several case series which focused predominantly on obstetric details have reported generally good outcomes. However, there remains a paucity of data on the specifics of obstetric anesthesia in women with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Methods After Institutional Review Board approval, we reviewed antepartum transthoracic echocardiograms, cardiology, obstetric, anesthetic, and nursing labor records with a focus on anesthesia for labor and delivery and early postpartum complications in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy who delivered between January 1993 and December 2013. Results There were 23 completed pregnancies in 14 patients: 12 parturients (52%) delivered vaginally, of whom seven (30%) required assistance (forceps, vacuum), and 11 (48%) had a cesarean delivery. In 17 cases (74%) delivery was uneventful, but six patients (26%) had complications including congestive heart failure ( n =3) and postpartum hemorrhage ( n =3). All patients had neuraxial labor anesthesia/analgesia, and none received general anesthesia. No hemodynamic instability or fetal distress directly related to anesthesia was documented. Conclusion The database search of approximately 160000 deliveries over 20years revealed only a small number of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy patients with completed pregnancies. No maternal or neonatal deaths were documented. Overall morbidity rate was 26% with a 13% incidence of peripartum congestive heart failure. In patients with mild to moderate disease, neuraxial anesthesia was safe, effective and well tolerated with no hemodynamic instability related to administration of local anesthetics.
Simultaneous detection of many T-cell specificities using combinatorial tetramer staining

Combinations of fluorescently labeled peptide–major histocompatability (pMHC) tetramers are used to simultaneously detect T cells with multiple antigen specificities from human blood samples. Also in this issue, Hadrup et al. present a very similar combinatorial encoding approach. The direct detection of antigen-specific T cells using tetramers of soluble peptide–major histocompatibilty complex (pMHC) molecules is widely used in both basic and clinical immunology. However, the number of specificities that can be assessed simultaneously has been a major limitation. Here we describe and validate a method using combinations of fluorescent pMHC tetramers to simultaneously detect and enrich for many (≥15) T-cell specificities in a single human blood sample.
Geographic and host species effects in Eurosta solidaginis (Diptera: Tephritidae) mortality.

Eurosta solidaginis (Fitch) infesting the host plant Solidago gigantea Ait form larger galls than individuals attacking the presumed ancestral host, S. altissima L. Because previous studies found that Eurytoma gigantea Walsh parasitism is restricted to smaller galls, it was hypothesized that this gall-size difference could result in decreased parasitism of E. solidaginis infesting S. gigantea. E. solidaginis galls were collected along a transect from Pennsylvania to Minnesota and from two sites in Iowa to determine E. solidaginis survivorship and causes of mortality. Although S. gigantea galls were generally larger than S. altissima galls, there was no significant decrease in E. gigantea parasitism for E. solidaginis occupying S. gigantea galls. Galls containing the parasitoid E. gigantea were significantly larger on the host plant S. gigantea than on S. altissima . Parasitoid access to E. solidaginis was not limited by the larger size of S. gigalltea galls. Eurytoma obtusiventris Gahan parasitism was restricted to galls on S. altissima and this parasitoid occurred only in the more eastern parts of our transect. Differences in gallmaker survivorship and natural enemy occurrence between Solidago hosts at sympatric sites were dependent on site; predation by the beetle Mordellistena unicolor Lec. was the primmy determinant of differences in gallmaker survivorship between Solidago hosts and among geographic sites.
The RAP1 Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor Epac2 Couples Cyclic AMP and Ras Signals at the Plasma Membrane

Epac-1 and -2 (exchange proteins directly activated by cyclic AMP) are guanine-nucleotide exchange factors for the GTPases Rap1 and -2. Epac2 but not Epac1 was found to possess a RA (Ras association) domain similar to that found in the Ras effector Ral-GDS. This domain specifically bound Ras-GTP, enabling oncogenic Ras to translocate Epac2 from the cytosol to the plasma membrane. Consequently, a small pool of plasma membrane-bound Rap1 was activated at the expense of bulk Rap1 located on intracellular organelles. Whereas translocation of Epac2 was not mimicked by challenge with epidermal growth factor alone, costimulation with forskolin, prostaglandin E2, or an Epac-selective cyclic AMP analog-induced rapid relocation of GFP-Epac2 but not -Epac1 to the plasma membrane in a Ras-dependent manner. Deletion of the cyclic AMP-binding domain overcame the need for nucleotide, suggesting that this domain normally masked the RA domain in the resting GEF. Thus, Epac2 can respond to costimulation by agonists that jointly elevate Ras-GTP and cyclic AMP levels, activating a specific pool of Rap1 at the plasma membrane. Therefore, despite its previous description as a Ras antagonist or independently functioning GTPase, Rap1/Krev-1 may additionally act downstream of Ras in cells that express the cyclic AMP-regulated GEF, Epac2.
Ten-year study of trends in removable prosthodontic service

Abstract To gain on overview of where the field of removable prosthodontics may be heading, an ex post facto research project was completed that randomly sampled the charts of patients screened for removable prosthodontics during 1977–1979 and 1985–1987. The information showed that, overall, the number of complete dentures was declining whereas the number of removable partial dentures was increasing. The fastest growing prosthodontic service was the combination of the maxillary complete denture opposing the mandibular removable partial denture. Curriculum changes based on the results of the research were made.
The moonlighting enzyme CD13: old and new functions to target

Aminopeptidase N (CD13) is a widely expressed ectoenzyme with functions that do not always depend on its enzymatic activity: an aspect that has been overlooked. Numerous CD13-targeting tools have been developed in the last few years. Several of them are already undergoing clinical trials, and there are promising reports on the effectiveness of others in animal models of disease. However, their efficacy might be obscured by their effects on unrecognized functions of CD13, resulting in unexpected complications. The purpose of this review is (i) to discuss the various functions ascribed to CD13 and the possible mechanisms behind them and (ii) to consider some of the questions that need to be answered to achieve a better understanding of the biological relevance of these functions, a more precise interpretation of the results obtained after their manipulation and a more rational design of CD13-targeting agents.
Surfactant content and type II cell development in fetal guinea pig lungs during prenatal starvation.

ABSTRACT: Prenatal caloric restriction in guinea pigs causes intrauterine growth retardation and reduced neonatal viability and surfactant phosopholipid (PL). We report here fetal surfactant levels in this model, and correlate total lung PL with ultrastructural maturation of surfactant type II cells and lamellar bodies (LB). Pregnant guinea pigs were fed ad libitum throughout their 68-d gestation (control), or fed 50% rations from d 45 until term (starved). Fetal lungs were examined at d 55, 60, and 65 for PL content and composition, including disaturated phosphati-dylcholine (DPC), and compared with neonates for both groups. Lung lobes were analyzed ultrastructurally in d 65 fetuses for the numerical, volume, and surface densities of type II cells and the volume densities of LB. Prenatal starvation caused significant intrauterine growth retardation at all ages; body and dry lung weights were reduced on d 65 by 26 and 23%, respectively. By d 55 and thereafter, starvation decreased total lung PL by 43–45% but did not alter PL composition. On d 65, the total lung volumes and relative numbers, surface densities, and volumes of type II cells in tissue and the relative volumes of LB within type II cells did not differ by caloric regimen. Thus, starved and control fetuses had similar total volumes of LB per lung (13–15 μL), although starved animals had significantly less lung DPC. Although the total volume of LB per lung correlated well with total lung DPC from d 55 through birth in controls, starvation led to a significant departure from this relationship. These results suggest that the concentration of DPC within LB can vary markedly without changing the size and appearance of the LB, or that the reduced amounts of DPC in starved fetuses represent deficiencies of surfactant from non-LB compartments.
Simplified Procedures for Ascertaining Concentration of and Bacterial Susceptibility to Penicillin.

SummaryTechnics requiring only such equipment and supplies as are already available in any bacteriological laboratory are presented (1) for developing reference curves and tables which may be used (a) for determination of penicillin concentration of solutions employed therapeutically and (b) for following readily the rate of decrease of penicillin potency, (2) for converting growth inhibition zones (for staphylococci) on seeded agar to probable inhibiting concentrations of penicillin in broth, and (3) which make feasible the tentative allocation of bacteria, as respects their susceptibility to penicillin, simultaneously with the determination of the types of organisms encountered, in lesions and exudates, within 15-18 hours after collection of specimens.
Complete Multipartite Graphs and the Relaxed Coloring Game

Let k be a positive integer, d be a nonnegative integer, and G be a finite graph. Two players, Alice and Bob, play a game on G by coloring the uncolored vertices with colors from a set X of k colors. At all times, the subgraph induced by a color class must have maximum degree at most d. Alice wins the game if all vertices are eventually colored; otherwise, Bob wins. The least k such that Alice has a winning strategy is called the d-relaxed game chromatic number of G, denoted χgd(G). It is known that there exist graphs such that χg0(G) = 3, but χg1(G) > 3. We will show that for all positive integers m, there exists a complete multipartite graph G such that m ≤ χg0(G) < χg1(G).
Quantitative perceptual differences among over-the-counter vaginal products using a standardized methodology: implications for microbicide development.

Background Increasing prevalence of HIV infection among women worldwide has motivated the development of female-initiated prevention methods, including gel-based microbicides. User acceptability is vital for microbicide success; however, varying cultural vaginal practices indicate multiple formulations must be developed to appeal to different populations. Perceptual attributes of microbicides have been identified as primary drivers of acceptability; however, previous studies do not allow for direct comparison of these qualities between multiple formulations.
Sertraline induced parkinsonim. A case report and an in-vivo study of the effect of sertraline on dopamine metabolism

We report a patient with a parkinsonian syndrome induced by sertraline (Zoloft), an SSRI antidepressant, whose symptoms resolved after the drug was discontinued. This case prompted us to investigate the effect of sertraline on dopamine metabolism in animals. Sertraline (30 mg/kg, i.p.) or placebo (vehicle) was administered to two groups of six normal, anesthetized rats and using cerebral microdyalisis extracellular striatal levels of dopamine, the dopamine metabolites (HVA and DOPAC), as well as the serotonin metabolite 5-HIIA were monitored. In animals pre-treated with sertraline, DOPAC, HVA, and 5-HIAA levels were significantly decreased compared to control animals (p < 0.01). These data indicate that sertraline has an effect on dopamine metabolism, which may alter function in the striatum and induce a parkinsonian syndrome.
Changes in Tropical Pacific Thermocline Depth and Their Relationship to ENSO after 1999

AbstractThe characteristics of El Nino–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) variability have experienced notable changes since the late 1990s, including a breakdown of the zonal mean upper-ocean heat content as a precursor for ENSO. These changes also initiated a debate on the role of thermocline variations on the development of ENSO events since the beginning of the twenty-first century. In this study, the connection between thermocline variations and El Nino and La Nina events is examined separately for the 1980–98 and 1999–2012 periods. The analysis highlights the important role of thermocline variations in modulating ENSO evolutions in both periods. It is found that thermocline variation averaged in the central tropical Pacific, including both equatorial and off-equatorial regions, is a good precursor for ENSO evolutions before and after 1999, while the traditional basinwide mean of equatorial thermocline variation is a good precursor only before 1999. The new precursor, including both high-frequency variabili...
Different forms of perturbation theory for the calculation of the correlation energy

Different forms of perturbation theory for the calculation of correlation energy in both closed-and open-shell systems are discussed. For closed-shell systems, Epstein–Nesbet perturbation theory is compared with Moller–Plesset (MP) perturbation theory based on canonical Hartree–Fock orbitals and with MP theory based on internally consistent SCF orbitals. The traditional MP theory gives superior results despite its use of an inferior zeroth-order Hamiltonian. This behavior is rationalized in terms of the larger denominators present in the traditional MP theory. These conclusions are used to support the restricted open-shell perturbation methods proposed recently by Murray and Davidson, and these new methods are compared with spin-restricted Epstein–Nesbet theory and the unrestricted MP (UMP) approach. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
CRITERIA FOR STUDENT ENGINEERING CREATIVITY AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO COLLEGE GRADES1

The creativity of engineering students was assessed through divergent problems relevant to engineering content. These problems were constructed, administered and scored by faculty members from the mechanical (ME), civil (CE), and electrical (EE) engineering departments at a large university. The problems, administered to 60 MEs, 81 CEs, and 173 EEs, were scored on the basis of the number of solutions (fluency), the number of categories of solutions (flexibility), the originality of the solutions (novelty), and the appropriateness of the solutions (appropriateness). Interrater reliabilities indicated that the fluency and flexibility scores were sufficiently reliable; the novelty and appropriateness scores were less so. The adequacy of substituting the fluency score in lieu of the novelty score was discussed. No significant relationships were found between creativity and grade point average (GPA).
Hierarchical task mapping of cell-based AMR cosmology simulations

Cosmology simulations are highly communication-intensive, thus it is critical to exploit topology-aware task mapping techniques for performance optimization. To exploit the architectural properties of multiprocessor clusters (the performance gap between inter-node and intra-node communication as well as the gap between inter-socket and intra-socket communication), we design and develop a hierarchical task mapping scheme for cell-based AMR (Adaptive Mesh Refinement) cosmology simulations, in particular, the ART application. Our scheme consists of two parts: (1) an inter-node mapping to map application processes onto nodes with the objective of minimizing network traffic among nodes and (2) an intra-node mapping within each node to minimize the maximum size of messages transmitted between CPU sockets. Experiments on production supercomputers with 3D torus and fat-tree topologies show that our scheme can significantly reduce application communication cost by up to 50%. More importantly, our scheme is generic and can be extended to many other applications.
Methanol decomposition on Ni(111): Investigation of the C-O bond scission mechanism

The possibility of a C-O bond scission mechanism in the decomposition of CH3OH on Ni was examined by mole fraction analysis of the desorbing CO isotopes produced by the decomposition of an adsorbed mixture of 13CH316OH and 12CH318OH on a Ni(111) surface. No isotopic scrambling was observed on the clean, H-precovered, or sputter roughened Ni(111) surfaces. However, isotopic scrambling could be induced in the desorbing CO by Ar+ sputtering the adsorbed mixture of methanol isotopes. Whether the C-O bond scission mechanism could be methanol-flux dependent was also explored. Carbon deposition at trace levels, a proposed consequence of C-O bond scission, was observed for high methanol fluxes (F>1×1016 cm−2 s−1). However, the small amount of carbon deposited was exposure rather than flux dependent and was due to low impurity levels in the methanol. We conclude that C-O bond scission for methanol on Ni(111) is not a viable elementary process under any of the methanol flux conditions explored, and that its maximum efficiency at 180 K is -2×1013 cm−2 s−1), two H2 desorption features are observed. The low temperature feature (370 K) results from desorptionlimited H2 desorption and corresponds to the β2-H2 desorption feature from H/Ni. The high temperature feature (430 K) can be explained by accelerated methanol surface reactivity during exposure to methanol after blocked surface sites open by thermal desorption of CO. This differs from the proposed CHx(a) decomposition proposed by others as an explanation.
Effects of benzo[a]pyrene-DNA adducts on a reconstituted replication system.

The authors have used a partially reconstituted replication system consisting of T7 DNA polymerase and T7 gene 4 protein to examine the effect of benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P) adducts on DNA synthesis and gene 4 protein activities. The gene 4 protein is required for T7 DNA replication because of its ability to act as both a primase and helicase. They show here that total synthesis decreases as the level of adducts per molecule of DNA increases, suggesting that the B(a)P adducts are blocking an aspect of the replication process. By challenging synthesis on oligonucleotide-primed B(a)P-modified DNA with unmodified DNA, they present evidence that the T7 DNA polymerase freely dissociates after encountering an adduct. Prior studies have shown that the gene 4 protein alone does not dissociate from the template during translocation upon encountering an adduct. However, when gene 4 protein primed DNA synthesis is challenged, they observe an increase in synthesis but to a lesser extent than observed on oligonucleotide-primed synthesis. Finally, they have examined DNA synthesis on duplex templates and show the B(a)P adducts inhibit synthesis by the T7 DNA polymerase and gene 4 protein to the same extent regardless of whether the adducts are positioned in the leading or laggingmore » strand, while synthesis by the polymerase alone is inhibited only when the adducts are in the template strand.« less
Simple analyses of paths through windshears and downdrafts

Quasi-steady analysis and energy-state approximation are employed to study flight paths through windshears and downdrafts. Takeoff flight is mainly considerd while landing flight is briefly discussed. The relation between angle of attack and airspeed is found to be almost independent of horizontal wind and slightly dependent on vertical wind. In slowly-varying windshears and/or downdrafts, quasi-steady flight can be achieved by flying an aircraft at a lower than nominal climb rate; this will avoid stall. In severe windshears and/or downdrafts, energy-state approximation indicates that descending paths save more energy and provide higher survival capability.
Cosmic-ray energies and their bearing on the photon and neutron hypotheses

ON NOVEMBER 20, 1931, in a lecture before a large audience gathered at the Institut Poincare in Paris, there were presented the first direct measurements taken by Carl D. Anderson of the energies of cosmic-ray tracks made with an apparatus capable of measuring, by the method of magnetic deflectibility in air, energies of the order of magnitude to be expected in cosmic-ray photon-encounters with electrons and nuclei, namely, from 27×10^(6) volts up to at least 500×10^(6) volts. These same photographs were also shown on November 23rd at a physical seminar at the Cavendish Laboratories. Cambridge, England. The eleven cosmic-ray-track photographs shown and discussed on these occasions1 brought to light a certain number of new and important facts presented essentially as listed below in both of these lectures, and these facts have now been checked by three times as many successful exposures.
Liking for chocolate, depression, and suicidal preoccupation.

Desires for chocolate and sweets were related to depression in a sample of undergraduates but not to their past or present suicidal preoccupation.
Orthostatic Hypotension in the Elderly: Diagnosis and Treatment

Orthostatic hypotension is a common problem among elderly patients, associated with significant morbidity and mortality. While acute orthostatic hypotension is usually secondary to medication, fluid or blood loss, or adrenal insufficiency, chronic orthostatic hypotension is frequently due to altered blood pressure regulatory mechanisms and autonomic dysfunction. The diagnostic evaluation requires a comprehensive history including symptoms of autonomic nervous system dysfunction, careful blood pressure measurement at various times of the day and after meals or medications, and laboratory studies. Laboratory investigation and imaging studies should be based upon the initial findings with emphasis on excluding diagnoses of neurodegenerative diseases, amyloidosis, diabetes, anemia, and vitamin deficiency as the cause. Whereas asymptomatic patients usually need no treatment, those with symptoms often benefit from a stepped approach with initial nonpharmacological interventions, including avoidance of potentially hypotensive medications and use of physical counter maneuvers. If these measures prove inadequate and the patient remains persistently symptomatic, various pharmacotherapeutic agents can be added, including fludrocortisone, midodrine, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The goals of treatment are to improve symptoms and to make the patient as ambulatory as possible rather then trying to achieve arbitrary blood pressure goals. With proper evaluation and management, the occurrence of adverse events, including falls, fracture, functional decline, and myocardial ischemia, can be significantly reduced.
How to Assess Gaming-Induced Benefits on Attention and Working Memory.

Abstract Our daily actions are driven by our goals in the moment, constantly forcing us to choose among various options. Attention and working memory are key enablers of that process. Attention allows for selective processing of goal-relevant information and rejecting task-irrelevant information. Working memory functions to maintain goal-relevant information in memory for brief periods of time for subsequent recall and/or manipulation. Efficient attention and working memory thus support the best extraction and retention of environmental information for optimal task performance. Recent studies have evidenced that attention and working memory abilities can be enhanced by cognitive training games as well as entertainment videogames. Here we review key cognitive paradigms that have been used to evaluate the impact of game-based training on various aspects of attention and working memory. Common use of such methodology within the scientific community will enable direct comparison of the efficacy of different g...
Membrane transitions in Gram-positive bacteria.

Abstract Intact cells, membranes, and aqueous dispersion of lipids of Micrococcus lysodeikticus undergo a reversible thermotropic transition detectable by differential scanning calorimetry. The phenomenon is suggested to be a “melt” of fatty acid chains within lipid bilayers. The transition is the same in membranes and extracted lipids, but in whole cells it appears to occur at a slightly higher temperature, possibly because of the presence of cell wall. When observed in the calorimeter, protein denaturation and the lipid transition are independent events. At growth temperature, the fatty acid chains are in a melted state.
Philosophical and methodological beliefs of instructional design faculty and professionals

The purpose of this research was to probe the philosophical beliefs of instructional designers using sound philosophical constructs and quantitative data collection and analysis. We investigated the philosophical and methodological beliefs of instructional designers, including 152 instructional design faculty members and 118 non-faculty professionals. We used the Philosophy of Social Science Inventory, a 52-item questionnaire, to measure 20 beliefs within four categories. We probed four ontological beliefs (ontological realism, ontological relativism, physicalism, and idealism); five epistemological beliefs (epistemological relativism, fallibilism, epistemological objectivity, rationalism, and empiricism); three axiological beliefs (ethical realism, ethical relativism, and valueneutrality in research); and eight methodological beliefs (nomothetic, idiographic and critical methods, scientific naturalism, humanism, and quantitative, qualitative and mixed methods). Our research questions included (a) What are the predominant philosophical and methodological beliefs of instructional designers? (b) Do instructional design faculty and non-faculty instructional designers, identifying with different research methodologies, hold different sets of philosophical beliefs? and (c) What relationships exist between philosophical beliefs and age, gender, ethnicity, level of education, and/or years of service? Overall, the philosophical profile of instructional designers can reasonably be described as pragmatic. Belief characterizations of methodological subgroups (e.g., those identifying with qualitative, quantitative, or mixed methods research) generally supported our hypotheses. Although demographic variables (except gender) were not singularly important, our analyses suggest that a combination of ethnicity, gender, research preference, and level of education can be used to predict philosophical and methodological beliefs.
Mechanoreceptor Re-innervation Following Allograft versus Autograft Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction

Objectives:Functional instability following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture is due to both loss of mechanical restraint, and loss of proprioception that restricts the ability of coordinate...
William Louis Poteat: A Leader of the Progressive-Era South

" William Louis Poteat (1856-1938), the son of a conservative Baptist slaveholder, became one of the most outspoken southern liberals during his lifetime. He was a rarity in the South for openly teaching evolution beginning in the 1880s, and during his tenure as president of Wake Forest College (1905-1927) his advocacy of social Christianity stood in stark contrast to the zeal for practical training that swept through the New South's state universities. Exceptionally frank in his support of evolution, Poteat believed it represented God at work in nature. Despite repeated attacks in the early 1920s, Poteat stood his ground on this issue while a number of other professors at southern colleges were dismissed for teaching evolution. One of the few Baptists who stressed the social duties of Christians, Poteat led numerous campaigns during the Progressive era for reform on such issues as public education, child labor, race relations, and care of the mentally ill. His convictions were grounded in a respect for high culture and learning, a belief in the need for leadership, and a deep-seated faith in God. Poteat also embodied the struggle with the intellectual compromises that tortured contemporary social critics in the South. Though he took a liberal position on numerous issues, he was a staunch advocate for prohibition and became a strong supporter of eugenics, a position he adopted after following his beliefs in a natural hierarchy and absolute moral order to their ultimate conclusion. Randal Hall's revisionist biography presents a nuanced portrait of Poteat, shedding new light on southern intellectual life, religious development, higher education, and politics in the region during his lifetime.
Transcutaneously tunneled central venous lines in cancer patients: an analysis of device-related morbidity factors based on prospective data collection.

Background: Long-term transcutaneous tunneled central venous catheters are frequently placed in cancer patients, accounting for significant costs and morbidity. Factors influencing outcome, though, are poorly studied.
An algorithm for the discrete rezoning of lagrangian meshes

Abstract We describe a discrete method for rezoning Lagrangian hydrodynamics meshes. A test calculation of two hot interacting bubbles in air produced less mass diffusion than a comparable continuously rezoned Lagrangian.
ANTHOCYANIN PIGMENTS IN RED TART CHERRIES

SUMMARY The anthocyanin pigments of red tart cherries (Prunus ceracus L., var. Montmorancy) were extracted with 0.1% methanolic HCI and partially purified by adsorption on cation-exchange resin, then separated into 7 bands by paper chromatography. The anthocyanins were identified by their Rf values, aglycones, sugar moieties, partial acid hydrolysis and spectral properties. The major pigment was a branched triglycoside, cyanidin 3-glucosylrhamnosylglucoside, followed by cyanidin 3-rutinoside. Small amounts of cyanidin, peonidin, cyanidin 3-glucoside, peonidin 3-rutinoside and cherries. It is the first time that a branched triglycoside has been reported for Montmorency cherries.
We Are Therefore I Am: A Psycho-Cosmos Counseling Model for Black Africans

This article explores the concepts of corporate personality, rituals and religion as they impact counseling indigenous black African people in their home settings or in Western contexts. It discusses the predominantly “I” focus of Western methods of counseling and psychotherapies and regards it as ineffective when compared to the “we” concept of indigenous African cultures. The authors examine the roles of healers, diviners, and counselors, and the influence of culture, religion, and rituals in the healing (therapeutic) process. A psycho-cosmos model of counseling is proposed that places counseling involvement in a larger context and includes some suggestions for practitioners.
Calculation of 13C‐NMR chemical shift using the intermediate neglect of differential overlap model

The local origin/local orbital (LORG) method of Hansen and Bouman has been implemented with the intermediate neglect of differential overlap Hamiltonian for spectroscopy (INDO/S). The method is shown capable of demonstrating the inductive effects associated with electron-withdrawing substituents through the diamagnetic shielding term. In addition, the method is capable of differentiating chemical shift in differing bond environments. The calculated paramagnetic contribution, however, is deficient for substituents that saturate the minimal basis such as oxygen and fluorine, which severely limits the general utility of the procedure. Through the utilization of reduced linear equations for the paramagnetic term, the method is amenable to any molecule for which a self-consistent field can be performed and therefore can potentially be used to study very large systems. At present, however, the LORG method when used with the rapid INDO/S model Hamiltonian does not reliably reproduce the paramagnetic contribution to the shielding.
The Effects of Input Enhancement on Grammar Learning and Comprehension

In his 2007 study “Effects of Textual Enhancement and Topic Familiarity on Korean EFL Students’ Reading Comprehension and Learning of Passive Form,” Lee demonstrated that learners were better able to correct written sentences that contained incorrect English passive forms after exposure to texts flooded with enhanced (versus nonenhanced) passive forms. But with enhanced forms, learners did worse on comprehension tests, which arguably demonstrated a trade-off: More attention to forms resulted in less to meaning. In this study, a conceptual replication of Lee’s using eye-movement data, I assessed how English passive construction enhancement affects English language learners’ (a) learning of the form (via pre- and posttest gains on passive construction tests) and (b) text comprehension. In contrast to Lee’s results, I found enhancement did not significantly increase form correction gain scores, nor did enhancement significantly detract from comprehension. There was no trade-off effect. Form learning and comprehension did not correlate. By recording learners’ eye movements while reading, I found enhancement significantly impacted learners’ noticing of the passive forms through longer gaze durations and rereading times. Thus, enhancement in this study functioned as intuitively and originally (Sharwood Smith, 1991, 1993) proposed; it promoted noticing, but, in this case, without further explicit instruction, it appeared to have done little else.
Microstructural Analysis of X7R-Type BaTiO3 Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors (MLCCs)

The microstructures of typical commercial X7R MLCCs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), using tripod polished specimens and ion milled samples. Core-shell structures were clearly observed in the TEM specimens, and glass phases located at the grain boundaries and triple points were frequently observed. Their chemical composition was analyzed using energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS), which showed bismuth ions diffused into the shell regions, while the cores were pure BaTiO3. X-ray diffraction (XRD) suggested that the predominant phase in the microstructure had pseudocubic global symmetry, while ferroelectric domains were observed in TEM bright field (BF) images. The internal electrodes in the devices were an alloy of Ag/Pd, and these regions were found to have twinned crystal structures. The stress states in the interfaces between the electrodes and the dielectric layers were revealed, and no silver migration in the flux at the electrode-dielectric interfaces was observed.
Spaceflight ground support equipment reliability & system safety data

Presented were Reliability Analysis, consisting primarily of Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA), and System Safety Analysis, consisting of Preliminary Hazards Analysis (PHA), performed to ensure that the CoNNeCT (Communications, Navigation, and Networking reConfigurable Testbed) Flight System was safely and reliably operated during its Assembly, Integration and Test (AI&T) phase. A tailored approach to the NASA Ground Support Equipment (GSE) standard, NASA-STD-5005C,[1] involving the application of the appropriate Requirements, S&MA discipline expertise, and a Configuration Management system (to retain a record of the analysis and documentation) were presented. Presented were System Block Diagrams of selected GSE and the corresponding FMEA, as well as the PHAs. Also discussed are the specific examples of the FMEAs and PHAs being used during the AI&T phase to drive modifications to the GSE (via “redlining” of test procedures, and the placement of warning stickers to protect the flight hardware) before being interfaced to the Flight System. These modifications were necessary because failure modes and hazards were identified during the analysis that had not been properly mitigated. Strict Configuration Management was applied to changes (whether due to upgrades or expired calibrations) in the GSE by revisiting the FMEAs and PHAs to reflect the latest System Block Diagrams and Bill Of Material. The CoNNeCT flight system has been successfully assembled, integrated, tested, and shipped to the launch site without incident. This demonstrates that the steps taken to safeguard the flight system when it was interfaced to the various GSE were successful.
Integrated iseikonic equation for intraocular lens power calculations

I present a simplified equation to calculate the iseikonic intraocular lens power and the resultant refractive error needed to achieve iseikonia with 5% tolerance limits. Iseikonic lens power calculations are indicated in the presence of a unilateral cataract and a phakic fellow eye. Iseikonia is often achieved by leaving the operated eye more myopic than the fellow eye. The induced myopia, with 5% tolerance limits, ranges from -0.75 +/- 2.75 diopters (D) for a posterior chamber lens to -2.40 +/- 2.75 D for an anterior chamber lens.
Enhanced signal coupling in wide-field fiber-coupled imagers.

Some high-performance imaging systems, including wide angle “monocentric” lenses made of concentric spherical shells, form a deeply curved image surface coupled to focal plane sensors by optical fiber bundles with a curved input and flat output face. However, refraction at the angled input facet limits the range of input angles, even for fiber bundles with numerical aperture 1. Here we investigate using a curved beam deflector near the focal surface to increase the field of view and improve spatial resolution at the edges of the field of view. We show the field of view of such an imager can be increased from approximately 60° (full width at half maximum intensity) to over 90° using an embossed refractive microprism array, where the prism angle varies across the aperture to maintain coupling. We describe a proof-of-principle experiment using a f = 17.8mm fiber-coupled monocentric singlet lens, and show that a local region of microprisms embossed into a thin layer of SU-8 photopolymer can increase the field of view by 50%.
The Electronic Specific Heat of Lithium Isotopes

The specific heats of `natural' lithium (predominantly $^7$Li) and of lithium containing 99.3% $^6$Li have been determined from 0.4 to 1.5 $^\circ$K. There is no significant difference in the electronic specific heats, the coefficient of this term being about 390 $\mu$ cal $^\circ$K$^{-2}$ g atom$^{-1}$ (163 mJ $^\circ$K$^{-2}$ g atom$^{-1}$). The significance of this result is discussed.
Locus coerules neurons have axons that branch to the forebrain and cerebellum

Abstract Utilizing a recently introduced double retrograde axonal tracing technique, the existence of collateralized axonal projections of locus coeruleus neurons to both forebrain and cerebellar cortical structures has been examined in adult mice. Following paired injection strategies using horseradish peroxidase and radiolabeled wheat germ agglutinin within portions of the forebrain and cerebellar cortices, substantial numbers of double labeled ‘branched’ neurons have been found that reside within all regions og the nucleus.
Human pituitary growth hormone

Aus Tierexperimenten mit Wachstumshormonen aus Rindern wird klar, dass das Hormon eine Anzahl anderer biologischer Funktionen ausubt als seine wachstumsfordernde Tatigkeit. Im Menschen hat sich das Wachstumshormon als starkstes anabolisches Agens der bisher untersuchten Arzneimittel oder Hormone erwiesen. Infolge der limitierten Hypophysenausscheidung blieben andere Merkmale der biologischen Forderung der Wachstumshormone fur den gesunden wie auch den kranken Menschen unerforscht. Beschrankte Hydrolyse mit Pepsin ergab, dass die Integritat des Wachstumshormonmolekuls nicht Voraussetzung fur sein harmonisches Wirken ist. Hingegen ist es wahrscheinlich, dass ein Teil der 252 Aminosaurekette die biologischen Funktionen der Wachstumshormone bedingt. Die Kenntnis der vollstandigen Primarstruktur des Wachstumsmolekuls wurde die kunstliche Herstellung einer entsprechenden Aminosaurefolge mit den biologischen Eigenschaften des Hormons ermoglichen.
Gender differences in burnout: A meta-analysis

Abstract The literature on male–female differences in burnout has produced inconsistent results regarding the strength and direction of this relationship. Lack of clarity on gender differences in organizationally relevant phenomena, such as work burnout, frequently generates ungrounded speculations that may (mis)inform organizational decisions. To address this issue, we conducted a meta-analysis of the relationship between gender and burnout using 409 effect sizes from 183 studies. Results challenge the commonly help belief that female employees are more likely to experience burnout than male employees, revealing instead that women are slightly more emotionally exhausted than men ( δ = .10), while men are somewhat more depersonalized than women ( δ = −.19). Although these effects are small, they are practically noteworthy when translated into a percent overlap statistic. Moderator analyses further revealed some intriguing nuances to the general trends, such as larger gender differences in the USA compared to the EU. In contrast, gender differences did not vary significantly in male-typed vs. female-typed occupations. Our analyses also suggest discontinuation of the use of overall burnout measures because they are highly consistent with the emotional exhaustion dimension of burnout only.
Positive Predictive Value of Bilateral Absence of Somatosensory Evoked Potentials in Severe Traumatic Brain Injury • 177

Positive Predictive Value of Bilateral Absence of Somatosensory Evoked Potentials in Severe Traumatic Brain Injury • 177