cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Oscillating expression of interleukin-16 in multiple myeloma is associated with proliferation, clonogenic growth, and PI3K/NFKB/MAPK activation.

// Julia Templin 1, * , Djordje Atanackovic 1, * , Daniel Hasche 1 , Sabarinath Venniyil Radhakrishnan 1 and Tim Luetkens 1 1 Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA * These authors contributed equally to this work Correspondence to: Tim Luetkens, email: tim.luetkens@hci.utah.edu Keywords: multiple myeloma, cytokines, tumor biology, tumor immunology, interleukin-16 Received: August 16, 2016 Accepted: March 14, 2017 Published: April 28, 2017 ABSTRACT Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable hematologic malignancy emerging from a plasma cell clone located in the bone marrow and is characterized by a high rate of fatal relapses after initially effective treatment. We have previously identified Interleukin-16 (IL-16) as an important factor promoting the proliferation of MM cells. We demonstrate here an upregulated, periodic expression, and secretion of IL-16 by MM cells leading to high extracellular IL-16 levels. The level of IL-16 released from a given MM cell line correlated with its proliferative activity. Establishing an inducible knockdown system and performing gene expression arrays we observed an association between IL-16 expression and activation of PI3, NFκB and MAP kinase pathways and, specifically, genes involved in tumor cell proliferation. Functional assays showed that IL-16 knockdown reduced the proliferative activity with a significant delay in cell cycle progression to G2 phase of conventional MM cells and completely suppressed the growth of clonogenic MM cells, which are suspected to be responsible for the high relapse rates in MM. Overall, our results demonstrate that tumor-regenerating MM cells may be particularly susceptible to IL-16 neutralization, suggesting an important role of anti-IL-16 therapies in the treatment of MM, particularly in combination with existing strategies targeting the bulk of myeloma cells.
Hormone receptor–positive breast cancer has a worse prognosis in male than in female patients

Abstract Introduction Male breast carcinoma (MBC) is treated similarly to female breast carcinoma (FBC), and similar survival rates for both have been assumed. We analyzed prognostic and clinico-pathologic features of MBC to determine whether MBC subtypes differ from FBC subtypes. Methods We reviewed data for 172,847 FBC and 1,442 MBC patients from 2010 to 2012 from the National Cancer Institute Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. Carcinomas were subtyped by hormone receptor (HR) and human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2) status as HR+/HER2–, HR+/HER2+, HR–/HER2+, and HR–/HER2–. Results The overall incidence of MBC in all breast carcinoma cases was 0.8%. MBC was more frequently HR+/HER2 – than FBC was (78.3% vs 67.4%) and less frequently HR – /HER2 – (2.1% vs 10.9%). More MBC was staged as III or IV (24.9% vs 17.2%). MBC had significantly worse overall survival (OS) than FBC (P Conclusions Patients with MBC have worse survival than patients with FBC, especially for early-stage HR+ breast cancers. More studies are needed optimize treatment for MBC.
Vandetanib and cabozantinib potentiate mitochondria-targeted agents to suppress medullary thyroid carcinoma cells.

Although the FDA-approved receptor tyrosine kinases inhibitors, vandetanib and cabozantinib, are used to treat surgically inoperable progressive medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), not all patients are responsive while the disease sometimes progresses after an initial response. To better understand MTC drug resistance at molecular and biochemical levels, we have generated drug-resistant subpopulations of the human MTC cell lines, TT and MZ-CRC-1, via prolonged exposure to vandetanib and cabozantinib. These drug-resistant progenies exhibited substantial cross-resistance to vandetanib and cabozantinib, suggesting that these inhibitors may invoke an overlapping resistance mechanism(s) in MTC cells. Of note, vandetanib and cabozantinib increased mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) in drug-naive as well as drug-resistant cells but only drug-naive cells exhibited substantially altered oxygen consumption and extracellular acidification rates. Therefore, these inhibitors appear to cause a bioenergetics stress to which drug-resistant MTC cells are more tolerant. Given the ability of vandetanib and cabozantinib to increase Δψm, we hypothesized that these inhibitors can augment growth inhibitory effects of mitochondria-targeted carboxy-proxyl and ubiquinone by increasing their Δψm-dependent uptake/retention in MTC cells. Indeed, our in vitro and mouse xenograft data strongly support this possibility.
A Procedure for the Computer Coding of Visual Fields

Perimetry is of great diagnostic significance in the evaluation of visual function. In order to summarize statistically the visual field information we have developed and tested a procedure for computer coding and retrieving the peripheral visual fields as well as the size, shape, orientation and location of scotomata with the use of a mechanical instrument. These data are manually transcribed onto a computer-coded data form for calculation of numerical data and computer plotting of fields. In this paper these numerical data are compared to ratings of the fields made by three clinicians in our clinical studies. The fields are ranked from worst to best by each clinician on each of eight characteristics: central scotoma with I/2e, I/4e and V/4e; overall assessment of central scotoma; peripheral field with I/2e, I/4e and V/4e; and overall assessment of peripheral field. The rankings are compared between pairs of raters in addition to being compared to the numerically-derived data. Generally, the rankings agreed quite closely with the numerical data. Various details of these reliability studies are discussed.
Conductivity, viscosity, and thermodynamic properties of propylene carbonate solutions in ionic liquids

Abstract Ionic liquids (ILs) are a series of stable, non-flammable, non-volatile organic compounds containing only ionic species. ILs can be used to make stable electrolyte solutions with low viscosity and high conductivity for electrochemical energy storage and conversion devices such as lithium ion batteries, fuel cells, and supercapacitors, leading to improved performance in capacity and stability. Propylene carbonate (PC) has also been used as a solvent/co-solvent to prepare electrolyte solutions for these energy storage devices. In this work, we have used a series of experimental methods such as calorimetry, gas chromatography, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), viscosity and conductivity measurements to characterize the properties of PC/IL solutions and the solvation mechanism. The ILs are 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (BMIMBF 4 ), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (BMIMTFSI), and N -butyl- N -methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (Py 14 TFSI). Experimental results demonstrate that the PC/IL solutions possess lower viscosity and higher conductivity, compared with pure ILs. While the thermodynamic properties of the solutions depend on the structures of the molecular ions of the ILs.
Sarcopenia is a risk factor for complications and an independent predictor of hospital length of stay in trauma patients.

Abstract Background Sarcopenia is an independent risk factor for adverse outcomes in critically ill patients. The impact of sarcopenia on morbidity and length of stay in a trauma population has not been completely defined. This project evaluated the influence of sarcopenia on patients admitted to the trauma service. Materials and methods A retrospective review of 778 patients presenting as a trauma alert at a single institution from 2012-2014 was completed. Records were abstracted for comorbidities and hospital complications. The Hounsfield Unit Area Calculation was collected from admission computed tomography scans. Criteria for sarcopenia were based on the lowest 25th percentile of muscle density measurements. Relationships to patient outcomes were evaluated by univariate and multivariable regression or analyses of variance, when applicable. Results A total of 432 (55.6%) patients suffered a complication. Sarcopenia was associated with overall complications ( P P = 0.011), wound infections ( P = 0.011), need for reintubation ( P = 0.0062), and length of hospitalization ( P = 0.0007). Incorporating sarcopenia into a novel length of stay calculator showed increased prognostic ability for prolonged length of stay over Abbreviated Injury Scale alone ( P = 0.0002). Conclusions Sarcopenia is an independent risk factor for adverse outcomes and increased length of stay in trauma patients. Prognostic algorithms incorporating sarcopenia better predict hospital length of stay. Identification of patients at risk may allow for targeted interventions early in the patient's hospital course.
Take the rein of cyber deterrence

Deterrence is badly needed in the cyber domain but it is hard to be achieved. Why is conventional deterrence not working effectively in the cyber domain? What specific characteristics should be considered when deterrence strategies are developed in this man-made domain? These are the questions that this paper intends to address. The research conducted helps to reveal what cyber deterrence can do and what it cannot do so that focus can be put on the enhancement of what it can do. To include varied perspectives, literature review is conducted. Some research works are specifically examined. Based on these studies, this research proposes a holistic approach in cyber deterrence that is empowered by artificial intelligence and machine learning. This approach is capable of making sudden, dynamic, stealthy, and random changes initiated by different contexts. It is able to catch attackers by surprise. The surprising and changing impact inflicts a cost on attackers and makes them to re-calculate the benefits that they might gain through further attacks, thus discouraging or defeating adversaries both mentally and virtually, and eventually controlling escalation of cyber conflicts.
Evaluation of methods of displaying the real-time scattered radiation distribution during fluoroscopically guided interventions for staff dose reduction

2D and 3D scatter dose display options are evaluated for usefulness and ease of interpretation for real-time feedback to staff to facilitate changes in individual positioning for dose reduction purposes, as well as improving staff consciousness of radiation presence. Room-sized scatter dose 3D matrices are obtained utilizing Monte Carlo simulations in EGSnrc. These distributions are superimposed on either a ceiling-view 2D graphic of the patient and table for reference or a 3D augmented reality (AR) display featuring a real-time video feed of the interventional room. A slice of the scatter dose matrix, at a selectable distance above the floor, is color-coded and superimposed on the computer graphic or AR display. The 3D display obtains depth information from a ceiling mounted Microsoft Kinect camera, which is equipped with a 1080p visual camera, as well as an IR emitter/receiver to generate a depth map of the interventional suite and persons within it. The 3D depth information allows parts of objects above the 2D dose map to pass through the map without being colorized by it so the height perspective of the dose map can be maintained. The 2D and 3D displays incorporate network information from the imaging system to scale the scatter dose with exposure factors and adjust rotation of the distribution to match the gantry. Demonstration images were displayed to neurosurgery interventional staff and survey responses were collected. Results from the survey indicated that scatter distribution displays would be desirable and helpful in managing staff dose.
Association of Photoplethysmography (PPG) signals and seizures in patients with epilepsy (P1.286)

Objective: We aim to investigate alterations in Photoplethysmography (PPG) signals relative to the occurrence of generalized tonic-clonic seizures (GTCs). Background: PPG is an optical technique for measuring variations in blood perfusion in peripheral tissues. Design/Methods: During EEG long-term monitoring, patients wore portable wristband sensor(s) on their wrists or ankles recording four modalities: PPG, electrodermal activity, temperature, and accelerometry. Findings were correlated with seizures detected by EEG. We analyzed the PPG signals in four time periods: baseline period, prior to seizure; immediate pre-seizure period; post-seizure period; and we also selected five random control segments during seizure-free days. Signal features - frequency, amplitude, duration, slope, smoothness, area under the curve (AUC) - were automatically extracted using MATLAB. Random-intercept model was used for the analysis to account for nesting. Results: We prospectively enrolled 108 patients from the Epilepsy Monitoring Unit at Boston Children’s Hospital. Eighteen GTC episodes were recorded from eleven patients and we analyzed the data for the first recorded GTC from each one. For each feature, comparisons were significant for most of the pairwise comparisons with p-values often less than 0.0001 (baseline vs. pre- or post-seizure and pairwise control comparisons). Results showed that given the consistency and magnitude of changes, for frequency, duration, and AUC, changes were more prominent during post-seizure and/or pre-seizure period(s) compared to control comparisons. The average increase in frequency was 0.2 Hz during pre-seizure and 0.46 Hz during post-seizure periods compared to average control segment change (0.05 Hz). Mean duration decline was 0.12 seconds during pre-seizure and 0.24 seconds during post-seizure periods compared to average control segment changes which was 0.04 seconds. Conclusions: Monitoring of PPG signals may assist in prediction and/or detection of GTC seizures in patients with epilepsy. Future prospective studies are needed to validate the findings of this study. Study Supported by: This study was supported by the Epilepsy Research Fund. Disclosure: Dr. Mohammadpour Touserkani has received research support from Eisai Company. Dr. Tamilia has nothing to disclose. Dr. Coughlin has nothing to disclose. Dr. Hammond has nothing to disclose. Dr. Kim has nothing to disclose. Dr. Connolly has received royalty, license fees, or contractual rights payments from Persyst. Dr. Manganaro has nothing to disclose. Dr. Papadelis has nothing to disclose. Dr. Kapur has nothing to disclose. Dr. Loddenkemper has received personal compensation for consulting, serving on a scientific advisory board, speaking, or other activities with Zogenix, Engage, Upsher Smith, Eisai, Sunovion, and Lundbeck.
An Exploratory Investigation of the Status of Recreation, Park, and Leisure Studies Doctoral Programs Within the United States

(1993). An Exploratory Investigation of the Status of Recreation, Park, and Leisure Studies Doctoral Programs Within the United States. SCHOLE: A Journal of Leisure Studies and Recreation Education: Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 101-105.
Feature Selection Over Distributed Data Streams

Monitoring data streams in a distributed system has attracted considerable interest in recent years. The task of feature selection (e.g., by monitoring the information gain of various features) requires a very high communication overhead when addressed using straightforward centralized algorithms. While most of the existing algorithms deal with monitoring simple aggregated values such as frequency of occurrence of stream items, motivated by recent contributions based on geometric ideas we present an alternative approach. The proposed approach enables monitoring values of an arbitrary threshold function over distributed data streams through a set of constraints applied separately on each stream. We report numerical experiments on a real–world data that detect instances where communication between nodes is required, and compare the approach and the results to those recently reported in the literature.
Defining Mediator Knowledge and Skills

A two-year collaboration among researchers, practitioners, and advisers from the major national organizations of mediators produced a job analysis relevant to mediators involved in interpersonal disputes (i.e., divorce, community, formal parent-child mediation, etc.). One byproduct of the job analysis is an extensive list of the knowledge areas and skills important to effective job performance. This essay defines the knowledge and skill areas that emerged from the analysis.
Research Methods in Adult Development

The study of adult development is grounded in the principles of scientific inquiry. Information concerning aging is gathered in the same ways as in other sciences, such as biology, psychology, sociology, anthropology, and the medical and allied health fields. Adult developmentalists have the same problems as other scientists: finding appropriate control or comparison groups, limiting generalizations to the types of groups included in the research, and finding adequate means of measurement (Kausler, 1982).
An experimental and simulative study on the defects appeared during tow steering in automated fiber placement

Abstract In the present study, an extensive experimental investigation using various process parameters and steering radii is performed to gain a deeper understanding of the defect formation process during tow steering in Automated Fiber Placement (AFP). Five major defects appeared during the tow steering are identified and effective factors on the formation of each of them are described. Furthermore, a finite element modeling approach is presented for the global modeling of the prepreg deposition process. The required model parameters are experimentally characterized. The application of the proposed framework for capturing and modeling two major defects appeared during steering namely, the blisters and wrinkles is presented. Simulation results are presented and compared to their corresponding AFP trial. It is demonstrated that the modeling approach is very well capable of capturing the trends, patterns, and frequency of both wrinkles and blisters.
Cardiovascular and skeletal muscle health with lifelong exercise.

Lifelong exercise (LLE) is a relatively new and evolving area of study with information especially limited in women and individuals with varying exercise intensity habits. These data show a substan...
3-D Level Set Method for Joint Contrast and Shape Recovery in Microwave Imaging

We propose a three-dimensional (3-D) fast level set method, which can estimate both object shape and dielectric contrast with reduced computational cost. In prior work, we presented a 2-D fast level set method that integrated the level set inversion within the Born iterative method (BIM). This approach significantly reduced the computational cost; however, it was limited to estimating object shape without providing any dielectric contrast inversion. In this paper, we extend our previous method to 3-D and add the capability to estimate dielectric contrast in addition to the shape. The contrast estimation is formulated as a separate step within the BIM iteration, such that the shape and contrast are estimated sequentially in each BIM iteration. This modular framework enables the freedom to choose any arbitrary constraints on the contrast in the cost function. Here, we demonstrate the applicability of a total-variation constraint for the contrast cost function. To validate the method, synthetic data are generated for objects within a 3-D imaging cavity and are then used to test for robustness against variations in object shape, size, position, and contrast. Further, the method is tested on MRI-derived numerical breast phantoms. The reconstructed images indicate that the method can produce accurate estimates of object location, shape, and size while recovering the contrast with an error lower than $\text{2}\%$ .
Multifunctional nanoclusters of NaYF4:Yb3+,Er3+ upconversion nanoparticle and gold nanorod for simultaneous imaging and targeted chemotherapy of bladder cancer

This paper reports successful synthesis of multifunctional nanoclusters of upconversion nanoparticle (UCNP) and gold nanorod (AuNR) through a PEGylation process. UCNPs emit visible luminescence under near-infrared excitation, producing high-contrast images with no background fluorescence. When coupled with AuNRs, the resulting UCNP-AuNR multifunctional nanoclusters are capable of simultaneous detection and treatment of bladder cancer. These UCNP-AuNR nanoclusters are further functionalized with antibodies to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) to target bladder cancer cells known to overexpress EGFRs. This paper demonstrates, for the first time, efficient targeting of bladder cancer cells with UCNP-AuNR nanoclusters. In addition to high-contrast imaging and consequently high sensitivity detection of bladder cancer cells, highly selective optoporation-assisted chemotherapy was accomplished using a dosage of chemotherapy agent significantly lower than any previous reports, within a clinically relevant incubation time window. These results are highly relevant to the eventual human application in which the nanoclusters and chemotherapy drugs will be directly instilled in bladder via urinary catheter.
Reduced mortality from lower respiratory tract disease in adult diabetic patients treated with metformin

Background and objective Chronic lower respiratory diseases (CLRD) increase the risk of type 2 diabetes, which in turn may worsen lung function. Metformin, a common antidiabetic with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, may improve respiratory outcomes. Therefore, we examined the association of metformin use with the risk of mortality from CLRD. Methods We analysed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey during 1988-1994 and 1999-2010 for participants aged 40 years or older who had diabetes and were followed up for mortality through 2011. Information on prescription medicine was collected at baseline and CLRD-related mortality during follow-up was defined using the 10th Revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10). Cox proportional hazards modelling was used to determine the mortality hazard ratio (HR) associated with metformin use, adjusting for relevant covariates. Results A total of 5266 participants with a median follow-up of 6.1 years were included. The prevalence of metformin use was 31.9% and 1869 participants died during follow-up, including 72 of CLRD. In the adjusted Cox proportional regression analysis, metformin was associated with a decreased risk of CLRD mortality in the overall population (HR: 0.39, 95% CI: 0.15-0.99) and among participants with baseline CLRD (HR: 0.30, 95% CI: 0.10-0.93), after adjusting for age, gender, race/ethnicity, cigarette smoking, body mass index, current asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), insulin and other diabetic medications, and glycohaemoglobin level. We found no association between other antidiabetic medications and CLRD mortality. Conclusion In this sample representative of the U.S. population, metformin was associated with lower CLRD mortality in adults with diabetes.
Signals and Coils

This is a pivotal chapter in which the many background elements introduced in earlier chapters are drawn together to show how various factors affect the observed impedance of an eddy current probe coil. This chapter focuses on fundamental knowledge in eddy-current NDE, detailing the response of eddy-current probes to unflawed test-pieces of relatively simple shape. The analysis begins with the simplified case of a current sheet and half-space conductor, from which the definition of the electromagnetic skin depth emerges. Semi-analytic calculations of coil impedance are given for a coil in free space and in the vicinity of a conductor, including cases of surface and tangent coils in the vicinity of a conductive half-space and encircling or bobbin coils in the vicinity of cylindrical conductors or bore holes, respectively. The effect of important probe factors—coil dimensions, construction with or without a ferrite core, and frequency of excitation current—are discussed. Test-piece factors—conductivity, permeability, shape, and position relative to the coil—are also discussed. Sources of uncertainty in inspections due to, for example, unknown variations in the coil windings or accidental tilt of the probe during an inspection are described. The impedance-plane diagram is introduced in absolute and normalized forms.
Evaluation of the capsular safety of a new hybrid phacoemulsification tip in a cadaver eye model.

Purpose To evaluate the use of a new hybrid phacoemulsification tip made with a high strength polymer overmold designed to prevent posterior capsule rupture (PCR) compared with a metal tip. Setting John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, USA. Design Experimental study. Methods This ex vivo crossover study compared a new phacoemulsification tip to a metal tip. After a preliminary experiment applying the tips to the posterior capsule with the bevel down, 10 phakic cadaver eyes were prepared using the Miyake-Apple technique, after which each tip was tested in a series. After lensectomy, the posterior capsule was subjected to direct contact from the tip with the bevel up. The vacuum limit was set to 150 mm Hg, and the aspiration flow rate to 30 cc/min, after which the torsional power was increased by increments of 5% up to a maximum amplitude of 60%. The primary endpoint was the torsional power required to produce PCR. Results Vacuum alone did not cause PCR with either tip. All tests showed that a higher torsional power was required for PCR with the hybrid tip. With the bevel directed upward, the hybrid tip required higher torsional power before PCR than the metal tip (55% ± 10.0% [SD] versus 15% ± 4.1%, respectively) (P value Conclusion The hybrid tip used in this study can be an effective means of preventing surgical complications such as PCR. This tip would be useful for experienced surgeons as well as for those who are in training.
Safety of VEGF-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors in patients (Pts) with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) and central nervous system (CNS) metastases

5047 Background: Hemorrhagic complications have been reported in pts treated with various angiogenesis inhibitors, however, reports of intracranial bleeding are rare. Intracranial hemorrhage has be...
Greater Daily Psychosocial Stress Exposure is Associated With Increased Norepinephrine‐Induced Vasoconstriction in Young Adults

Background Epidemiological data suggest a link between psychological stress and increased cardiovascular disease risk; however, the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. The purpose...
Taping, Bracing, and Injection Treatment for Patellofemoral Pain and Patellar Tendinopathy

This article will focus on additional treatment options for the two most common causes of anterior knee pain, patellofemoral pain syndrome, and patellar tendinopathy. Conservative management is the first-line treatment for these conditions. For clinicians to maximize the efficacy of conservative treatment options for their patients, they must understand the most up-to-date literature evaluating the potential benefit of taping, bracing, and injections as adjunctive treatments for maximizing treatment success. Recent studies of bracing and taping have found them to be helpful for patients in the short-term management of pain and improving function. However, less is known about their exact mechanism but studies are encouraging that they have a subtle role in changing patellofemoral biomechanics. Injections remain a commonly used treatment for musculoskeletal conditions; however, the evidence for their use in patellofemoral pain and patellar tendinopathy is limited. The use of platelet-rich plasma (PRP), sclerosing, high volume, or stem cell injections is an exciting new area in the treatment of patellar tendinopathy. However, evidence at this time to recommend these treatments is lacking, and more well-designed studies are needed. The treatment of patellofemoral pain and patellar tendinopathy consists of a multi-faceted approach of physiotherapy and physical modalities. There is evidence for short-term use of taping and bracing for these conditions. The evidence for injections at this time is limited and remains under investigation. Future well-designed randomized controlled studies will provide insight into the efficacy of several different types of injections in the treatment of patellar tendinopathy. Physicians should feel comfortable integrating taping and bracing into their anterior knee pain treatment paradigm while making cautious use of invasive injections as adjunctive therapy.
The art of Pere Joan: space, landscape, and comics form: by Benjamin Fraser, Austin, University of Texas Press, 2019, 328 pp., USD$50.00, ISBN: 9781477318126

The Art of Pere Joan: Space, Landscape, and Comics Form takes an ambitious interdisciplinary approach to Comic Studies through the analysis of the reception of one particular artist: Pere Joan. Ben...
Activity, Activity Personalization, and Well-Being in Nursing Home Residents With and Without Cognitive Impairment: An Integrative Review.

Objectives: Engagement in personally relevant and pleasant activity is a facet of many theories of well-being. This integrated review and narrative synthesis explored the hypothesis that activity participation improves well-being for nursing home residents. Methods: Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, we searched MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Academic Search Complete, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection, Embase, and CINAHL for research published between 2006 and 2018. We included peer-reviewed, English-language studies of nursing-home residents, with interventions focused on activities and on well-being or affect outcomes. Results: After screening, the search yielded 45 studies: 15 reviews of specific activities and 30 empirical articles. We found consistent support for tailored activity interventions and less consistent support for specific or generic activity interventions with the possible exception of music therapy. Research focused on specific activity types had methodological limitations and confounds with activity preferences. Conclusions: Participation in activities may improve well-being in residents of nursing homes. Tailored activities are likely to be superior to those provided indiscriminately to all residents. Clinical Implications: Improving quality of life in long-term care should include opportunities to engage in activities; those most effective will be tailored to individuals and no single activity will be effective for everyone.
Expanding Innovation Through Challenging Organization Endowments

Revolutionary innovation in mature or large organizations has been on the decline in recent years. Incremental innovation is the norm and few large organizations create evolutionary or revolutionary innovative offerings. A reason for the lack of innovation in mature or large firms is based on management practices over the last several decades. These practices have created biases in the form of an endowment effect, which results in incremental innovation. Endowment effects impact on innovation will be explored and methods to reduce the impact of endowment effect and overcome the biases are offered.
The Role of Tele-Critical Care in Rescue and Resuscitation

Tele-critical care (TCC) is a health care delivery model that connects medical information, interprofessional teams, patients, and families through advanced pathways, such as audio-video interfaces, machine learning, risk prediction algorithms, smart alarms, artificial intelligence, and physiologic sensing devices. TCC expands critical care services and expertise beyond the walls of the intensive care unit to logistic centers, emergency departments, general wards, war zones, disaster settings, and pandemics. This article describes the broad use of TCC for rescue and resuscitation and provides case presentations.
A qPCR assay for sensitive and rapid detection of African A-lineage honey bees (Apis mellifera)

A real-time qPCR assay was designed to detect African-derived subspecies of western honey bees (Apis mellifera L.). The probes targeted the same region of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene used in previous restriction enzyme assays. Using samples from 16 A. mellifera subspecies representing four lineages, we evaluated the efficacy of this assay to identify African- (or A-lineage) and non-A-lineage honey bees. The qPCR assay successfully differentiated A-lineage honey bees, including A. m. scutellata and A. m. capensis, from M-, C-, and O-lineage A. mellifera subspecies. In conclusion, the assay we developed is useful for rapid detection of A-lineage honey bees in areas where they are introduced, although it cannot be used to identify the specific A. mellifera subspecies within the A-lineage.
A Comprehensive Circuit Modeling Approach for Self-Sustained Capacitively Coupled Microwave Plasmas

A circuit modeling approach for self-sustained capacitively coupled microwave plasmas is introduced and validated in this article. The model solves the particle balance equation using a novel circuit optimization scheme to calculate the plasma parameters like electron density, sheath thickness, and electron temperature for a given input power, operating frequency, gas type, and pressure. While the existing models capture the ohmic loss in the bulk plasma region, the proposed model also takes into account power required to sustain plasma which proves to be considerable for higher electron densities. The model is rigorously validated using experimental results from two cases—one resonant and one non-resonant—both with self-sustained microwave plasma. As the post-processing results, other discharge parameters like sheath and plasma voltages as well as plasma reduced field are calculated. The proposed modeling approach can substantially simplify design and analysis of capacitively coupled microwave plasmas.
{N,N-Bis[2-(diphenyl­phosphan­yl)eth­yl]­aniline}(η2-dibenzyl­ideneacetone)­palladium(0)

In the title complex, [Pd(C34H33NP2)(C17H14O)], the Pd0 atom is coordinated in a trigonal planar geometry formed by two P atoms of a bis­[(diphenyl­phosphino)eth­yl]aniline ligand and a C=C (η2) bond involving the C atoms that are in the α,β positions relative to the central ketone of the dibenzyl­ideneacetone ligand.
Archiving and Managing Sociolinguistic Data: The Problems of Portability, Access and Security, and Discoverability and Relevance

In recent years, sociolinguists have become increasingly focused on and more explicit about ensuring the preservation, and accessibility, of their data. This increased focus on our data has involved new lines of work explicitly on data management and, in turn, has led to important (re)considerations of the nature of sociolinguistic data and the metadata of importance for sociolinguist research. While many of the papers in this special issue focus on issues having to do with specific metadata, in this paper, I consider archiving and sharing data more generally. I attend to three specific problem areas, portability access and security, and discoverability and relevance, providing advice as well as some ‘food for thought’ discussions for each.
What are the prospects for a universal influenza vaccine

The present influenza vaccines are good, but not good enough. New vaccination approaches are being developed with emphasis on minor viral antigens that may provide broader immunity (pages 1157–1163).
Involvement of Na,K-ATPase β-subunit in the sensitization of carcinoma cells to oxaliplatin

3292 We previously characterized an oxaliplatin resistant clonal cell line (A2780/C10B) that exhibited changed morphology and molecular characteristics akin to epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) with reduced platinum uptake and increased glutathione (Hector et al., Cancer Letters 2007). We hypothesized that the resistance is at least partially related to EMT and its reversal may restore some sensitivity to oxaliplatin. Na,K-ATPase an oligomeric protein consisting of α- and β-subunits is well studied as an ion transporter in epithelial cells. It has been shown that reduced Na,K-ATPase β-subunit (Na,K-β) level is associated with cancer progression and that its repletion induces epithelial phenotype and suppresses invasiveness and tumorigenicity of carcinoma cells (Rajasekaran et al., Mol Biol Cell 2001; Barwe et al., Mol Biol Cell 2005; Inge et al., Histol Histopathol, In Press). In this study, we evaluated whether Na,K-β expression sensitizes A2780/C10B cells to oxaliplatin to gain insight into whether Na,K-β has any diagnostic or therapeutic potential in cancer. In oxaliplatin resistant A2780/C10B ovarian cancer cells Na,K-β subunit expression was undetectable while the oxaliplatin sensitive A2780 parental cells express abundant β-subunit protein. A pooled clone of A2780/C10B (C10B-Na,K-β) expressing Na,K-β was established and levels and membrane localization of this protein were confirmed by immunoblot and immunofluorescence analyses, respectively. We found that C10B-Na,K-β cells were significantly sensitive to oxaliplatin compared to A2780/C10B cells (P N 1 -acetyl transferase mRNA associated with oxaliplatin sensitivity (A2780, ~250-fold) and resistance (C10B, ~7-fold) (Hector et al., Mol Cancer Therap 2004, Hector et al., Proc AACR 2004) did not change between C10B and C10B-Na,K-β cells. These data are consistent with a novel role for Na,K-β subunit in oxaliplatin sensitivity and that reduced expression of this protein might be associated with increased oxaliplatin resistance in cancer cells. This work is supported by NIHCA109619 and NIHDK56216
VASOACTIVE INTESTINAL PEPTIDE: QUANTIFICATION BY RADIOIMMUNOASSAY IN ISOLATED CELLS, MUCOSA, AND MUSCLE OF THE HAMSTER INTESTINE

Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) levels were quantified by radioimmunoassay in three strata of hamster bowel wall, namely, epithelial cells isolated by a vibration technique, scrapings of the vibrated intestine, and in the remaining muscle. Expressed on a wet weight basis, highest levels of the peptide (as a percentage of total bowel wall content) were found in the muscle (72%) followed by high levels in scrapings of denuded villi (27%). Villus and crypt epithelial cells, isolated as one fraction, contained very low levels (less than 1%) of total VIP. To correct for differences in water content of the various strata, data were also calculated on the basis of tissue protein. When expressed in this manner, scrapings of denuded villi and the remaining muscle, both areas of dense autonomic innervation, were virtually equal in their VIP content (mean +/- SE, 9.5 +/- 4 and 11 +/- 2 ng per mg of protein, respectively). However, the VIP concentration of the cells was over two orders of magnitude less than the muscle or scrapings of denuded villi (0.02 +/- 0.007 ng per mg of protein). These results suggest that VIP is concentrated with or near the neural elements of the gut.
Ammonium uptake and excretion in Azolla-Anabaena symbiosis

The processes of NH4+uptake and induced NH4+excretion in the Azolla-Anabaena symbiosis were studied. Uptake rates in accessions of Azolla microphylla and A. mexicana were similar. No pH optimum for NH4+uptake was observed. Rates of N excretion induced by methionine sulfoximine were also similar. When A. caroliniana was subjected to the herbicide Ignite (Hoechst-Roussel), more NH4+was initially released than with methionine sulfoximine treatment. Glutamine synthetase was not completely suppressed.
Age-associated increase in rat cardiac opioid production

Several lines of evidence suggest that opioid peptide production in the heart may increase during aging from adulthood through senescence. We tested the hypothesis that cardiac opioid peptides and preproenkephalin (PNK) mRNA would increase with advancing age. Ventricles and atria from male Wistar rats, aged 2, 6, 18, and 22-24 mo of age, were acid extracted and assayed for methionine enkephalin (ME) and leucine enkephalin (LE). Total RNA was extracted from hearts of age-matched rats and probed for PNK mRNA by Northern blot analysis using a cDNA probe. ME and LE peptides were significantly elevated with advancing age in both ventricles [P < 0.001; by analysis of variance (ANOVA)]. Ventricular ME concentration exhibited a biphasic increase with approximately twofold higher peaks at 6 and 22-24 mo of age compared with the 2 mo value of 1.04 +/- 0.05 (SE) pmol/g wet wt. In contrast, ventricular LE concentration was largely unchanged until 22-24 mo of age when it increased approximately threefold over the 2-mo value of 2.19 +/- 0.14 pmol/g wet wt. Left ventricular PNK mRNA increased approximately fivefold between 2 and 18 mo of age (P < 0.01; ANOVA). Thus both enkephalins and the mRNA coding for them were increased in hearts of older vs. younger rats. Because opioid receptor stimulation can negatively modulate several characteristics of cardiac myocyte contraction, these results may have important functional implications for the senescent heart.
Genomic characterization of a US porcine kobuvirus strain

Porcine kobuvirus has been detected from pig fecal samples in the USA, but there is still no information on the full-length genomes. In this study, we characterized the first complete genomic sequence of a US porcine kobuvirus strain OH/RV50/2011. The viral genome is 8123 nucleotides (nt) long, including a 576-nt 5′-untranslated region (UTR), a 7380-nt polyprotein encoding sequence, and a 167-nt 3′-UTR. A complete genome sequence alignment suggested that two types of porcine kobuviruses were found based on whether a 30-aa deletion existed in the 2B encoding region. Furthermore, several conserved motifs that can be used for the design of universal kobuvirus or porcine kobuvirus-specific primers were verified in non-structural protein genes. Phylogenetic analysis based on the complete genome sequence showed that RV50 was grouped with other porcine kobuviruses and more closely related to Chinese strains. Secondary structure analysis of the 5′-UTR showed that RV50 has three stem-loop domains in the first 108 nt and has a potential hepacivirus-/pestivirus-like type IV group-B-like internal ribosomal entry site, like the porcine kobuvirus prototype strain S-1. Codon usage analysis showed that the most preferred usage tends to be C or U at the end of a codon in a porcine kobuvirus genome. These results will be useful in understanding the evolution of porcine kobuviruses .
The Relation of Homozygous Deficiencies to Mutations and Allelic Series in Maize.

This article details some of McClintock's research in producing directed mutations, which had rich implications in the exploration of gene functions.
An adaptive grid method for degenerate semilinear quenching problems

Abstract This paper studies the structure and implementation of a specially formulated adaptive grid method for computing the numerical solution of a class of degenerate semilinear quenching problems. Modified arc-length procedures are used in both the space and time for robust adjustments of the spatial and temporal discretizations throughout the computation. A Milne-like device is introduced in the error estimation and control of the computational error. The numerical solution generated converges monotonically to the physical solution of the underlying problem up to the quenching time. Numerical examples are given for demonstrating our conclusions.
Nanosecond laser switching of surface wettability and epitaxial integration of c-axis ZnO thin films with Si(111) substrates

We have achieved integration of polar ZnO[0001] epitaxial thin films with Si(111) substrates where cubic yttria-stabilized zirconia (c-YSZ) was used as a template on a Si(111) substrate. Using XRD (θ-2θ and φ scans) and HRTEM techniques, the epitaxial relationship between the ZnO and the c-YSZ layers was shown to be [0001]ZnO || [111]YSZ and [21¯1¯0]ZnO || [1¯01](c-YSZ), where the [21¯1¯0] direction lies in the (0001) plane, and the [1¯01] direction lies in the (111) plane. Similar studies on the c-YSZ/Si interface revealed epitaxy as (111)YSZ || (111)Si and in-plane (110)YSZ || (110)Si. HRTEM micrographs revealed atomically sharp and crystallographically continuous interfaces. The ZnO epilayers were subsequently laser annealed by a single pulse of a nanosecond excimer KrF laser. It was shown that the hydrophobic behavior of the pristine sample became hydrophilic after laser treatment. XPS was employed to study the effect of laser treatment on surface stoichiometry of the ZnO epilayers. The results revealed the formation of oxygen vacancies, which are envisaged to control the observed hydrophilic behavior. Our AFM studies showed surface smoothing due to the coupling of the high energy laser beam with the surface. The importance of integration of c-axis ZnO with Si(111) substrates is emphasized using the paradigm of domain matching epitaxy on the c-YSZ[111] buffer platform along with their out-of-plane orientation, which leads to improvement of the performance of the solid-state devices. The observed ultrafast response and switching in photochemical characteristics provide new opportunities for application of ZnO in smart catalysts, sensors, membranes, DNA self-assembly and multifunctional devices.
Effect of dimensionality on the continuum percolation of overlapping hyperspheres and hypercubes

We show analytically that the [0, 1], [1, 1], and [2, 1] Pade approximants of the mean cluster number S for both overlapping hyperspheres and overlapping oriented hypercubes are upper bounds on this quantity in any Euclidean dimension d. These results lead to lower bounds on the percolation threshold density ηc, which become progressively tighter as d increases and exact asymptotically as d → ∞, i.e., ηc → 2−d. Our analysis is aided by a certain remarkable duality between the equilibrium hard-hypersphere (hypercube) fluid system and the continuum percolation model of overlapping hyperspheres (hypercubes). Analogies between these two seemingly different problems are described. We also obtain Percus-Yevick-like approximations for the mean cluster number S in any dimension d that also become asymptotically exact as d → ∞. We infer that as the space dimension increases, finite-sized clusters become more ramified or “branch-like.” These analytical estimates are used to assess simulation results for ηc up to 20...