cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Heroic and Empathic Rescuers in Foundational Migrant Melodrama

This chapter introduces Bishop Giovanni Batista Scalabrini and the order he founded, known as the Scalabrinians, as an early example of melodrama in migrant advocacy. We argue that Scalabrini’s prolific writing and public speaking were infused by a melodramatic imagination that still structures many aspects of migrant representation today. In the second half of this chapter we analyze the staging-of-self and writings of one of the seven hundred Scalabrinian clerics now working on behalf of migrants around the world: Father Flor Maria Rigoni, who opened shelters in Tijuana (1987) and in Tapachula (1998) Mexico. We argue that while Rigoni demonstrates a twenty-first-century ironic disdain for media exploitation of spectacles of suffering, he nevertheless creates such spectacles and embeds them in melodramatic scenes involving pitiful migrant-victims and their compassionate companion-rescuers.
Potential RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitors as prospective therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2.

Introduction. The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 has taken humanity off guard. Following an outbreak of SARS-CoV in 2002, and MERS-CoV about 10 years later, SARS-CoV-2 is the third coronavirus in less than 20 years to cross the species barrier and start spreading by human-to-human transmission. It is the most infectious of the three, currently causing the COVID-19 pandemic. No treatment has been approved for COVID-19. We previously proposed targets that can serve as binding sites for antiviral drugs for multiple coronaviruses, and here we set out to find current drugs that can be repurposed as COVID-19 therapeutics.Aim. To identify drugs against COVID-19, we performed an in silico virtual screen with the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs targeting the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP), a critical enzyme for coronavirus replication.Methodology. Initially, no RdRP structure of SARS-CoV-2 was available. We performed basic sequence and structural analysis to determine if RdRP from SARS-CoV was a suitable replacement. We performed molecular dynamics simulations to generate multiple starting conformations that were used for the in silico virtual screen. During this work, a structure of RdRP from SARS-CoV-2 became available and was also included in the in silico virtual screen.Results. The virtual screen identified several drugs predicted to bind in the conserved RNA tunnel of RdRP, where many of the proposed targets were located. Among these candidates, quinupristin is particularly interesting because it is expected to bind across the RNA tunnel, blocking access from both sides and suggesting that it has the potential to arrest viral replication by preventing viral RNA synthesis. Quinupristin is an antibiotic that has been in clinical use for two decades and is known to cause relatively minor side effects.Conclusion. Quinupristin represents a potential anti-SARS-CoV-2 therapeutic. At present, we have no evidence that this drug is effective against SARS-CoV-2 but expect that the biomedical community will expeditiously follow up on our in silico findings.
Gamification Research in View of Bibliometrics: A Literature Trend, Bibliographic Coupling, and Co-citation Analysis: An Abstract

Gamification, the use of game designs and mechanics, has been used to enhance marketing effectiveness. Over the past decade, advertising in games and persuasive advergames have been the two types of engaging technologies for promoting brands. However, it is becoming difficult for researchers in various disciplines to evaluate the impacts of gamification. Researchers and marketers have thus called for research that can provide well-thought-out gamification strategies as well as a thorough review of the state of the literature. The authors answer that call by proposing a bibliometric approach, which offers quantitative analytical tools to provide a more comprehensive overview of the literature. We particularly intend to go above and beyond a simple counting of publications or citations. The present study aims to map out the meaningful citation-based links between and among gamification research documents, and we hope to provide a visual representation of complex, networked, scholarly works.
Analysis of presence and short-term persistence of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies in COVID-19 convalescent plasma donors

Abstract In March 2020, the FDA approved the use of COVID-19 convalescent plasma (CCP) as an investigational new drug for treatment of COVID-19. Since then, collection of CCP from COVID-19 recovered patients has been implemented in several donor centers across the country. Children’s Hospital Colorado rapidly put into practice a CCP collection protocol, necessitating the development and implementation of assays to evaluate SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in CCP units. We evaluated 87 separate units of CCP collected from 36 donors over two to four sequential donations using both antigen- binding assays for SARS-CoV-2 nucleoprotein and spike antigens, and a live virus focus reduction neutralization test (FRNT50). Our data shows that the majority of donors (83%) had a FRNT50 titer of 1:80 or greater, and 61% had a titer ≥ 1:160, which meet the FDA’s criteria for acceptable CCP units. Additionally, our data indicates that analysis of antibodies to a single SARS-CoV-2 antigen is likely to miss a percentage of seroconverters; however, these individuals tend to have neutralizing antibody titers of
Teaching Video NeuroImages: From 9 to 8-and-a-Half Syndrome After tPA: The Rebirth of Fellini.

A 73-year-old woman presented with acute impaired eye movements with preserved left eye abduction, right peripheral facial weakness (video 1), and left hemiparesis/hemihypesthesia. These deficits localized to the right pontine tegmentum involving the medial longitudinal fasciculus, facial nerve, abducens nucleus, medial lemniscus, and corticospinal tracts, as shown in figure 1. After tissue plasminogen activator, her left hemiparesis and hemihypesthesia resolved. Rosini et al.1 first described these deficits as 9 syndrome (7th nerve + 1.5 syndrome + 0.5 hemiparesis/hypesthesia = 9). Classically, 1-and-a-half syndrome consists of intranuclear ophthalmoplegia and conjugate horizontal gaze palsy; preserved abduction will be present in the contralateral eye. Our patient's right eye adduction was paretic and not plegic. Our patient was left with an “8-and-a-half syndrome” (figure 2). Infarct, hemorrhage, vasculitis, and demyelination are etiologies of 8-and-a-half syndromes reported in the literature.
Fast and non-destructive determination of water content in ionic liquids at varying temperatures by Raman spectroscopy and multivariate regression analysis.

Abstract Imidazolium acetate ionic liquids (ILs) have been utilized as promising solvents in many applications that involve varying water content and temperature. These experimental variables affect the anion-cation intermolecular interactions, which in turn influence the performance of the ILs in these applications. This paper shows Raman spectroscopy can be used as an operando method to measure water content in IL solvents when simultaneous temperature changes may occur. The Raman spectra of 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ILs (alkyl chain length n = 2, 4, 6, 8) with varying water content (from 0.028 to 0.899 water mole fraction) and temperature (from 78.1 K to 423.1 K) were measured. Increasing the water content or decreasing the temperature of the tested ILs weakens the anion-cation intermolecular interactions. The water content of these ILs can be quantified even in conditions when the temperature is changing using Raman spectroscopy combined with multivariate regression analysis, including principal component regression (PCR), partial-least-squares regression (PLSR), and artificial neural networks (ANNs). The ANN model combined with partial-least-squares (PLS) achieved the highest prediction accuracy of water content in ILs at varying temperatures (RMSECV = 0.017, R2CV = 99.1%, RMSEP = 0.019, R2P = 98.8%, RPD = 8.93). Raman spectroscopy provides a potential fast non-destructive operando method to monitor the water content of ILs even in applications when the temperature may be simultaneously altered; this information can lead to the optimized use of these ILs in many applications.
Educational perversion and global neo-liberalism: a Marxist critique.

This paper situates the increasing inequality in and between education, economic and social systems within the policy context of neo-liberal capitalism. Neo-liberal capitalism is a global phenomenon--restructuring of schooling and education has taken place internationally under pressure from international capitalist organisations and compliant governments. The effects of neo-liberal policies in increasing inequalities globally and nationally, in diminishing democratic accountability and in stifling critical thought is presented along with a critique of the theory of neo-liberalism in education policy--in particular how the marketisation of education has perverted the goals, motivations, methods, standards of excellence and standards of freedom in education. While the intrusion of capital into education threatens to undermine one of the best sites for its contestation there are various other arenas of resistance for cultural works to engage and these are briefly described.
Orbital and Adnexal Sjögren Syndrome

Sjogren syndrome (SS) is a systemic autoimmune disorder in which dryness of mucosal surfaces results from inflammation of exocrine glands. This may be associated with (secondary, sSS) or without (primary, pSS) connective tissue disorders such as scleroderma, rheumatoid arthritis, or systemic lupus erythematosus. Inflammation of exocrine glands leads to clinical manifestations of dry eye and dry mouth, among other extraglandular manifestations including involvement of the skin, joints, liver, pancreas, thyroid gland, and hematologic, neurologic, and cardiovascular systems. An increased risk of cancer, most commonly non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, has been observed in patients with pSS, highlighting the need for close monitoring of these patients. Diagnosis of pSS is based on a combination of clinical signs and symptoms, histopathology of biopsy specimens, and laboratory testing. Ocular signs and symptoms are secondary to aqueous tear deficiency from immune cell infiltration and destruction of the lacrimal gland. They include a spectrum that extends from dry eye symptoms to squamous metaplasia, persistent epithelial defects, ulceration, and risk for infection. Management of SS is graded based on disease severity, and treatment of ocular involvement varies from topical lubricants to supplement aqueous production, reduction in tear drainage by occlusion of the lacrimal puncta, use of topical anti-inflammatory medications, and oral secretagogues. Systemic immunosuppressive therapy may improve systemic disease manifestations, but the effect on SS-related dry eyes has yet to be firmly established.
Measuring Agility of Organizations – A Comprehensive Agility Measurement Tool (CAMT)

Since “Agility” is ability to respond to unpredictable changes with quick response and profitability, it is not industry specific. This “not industry specific” nature of agility makes it hard to assess and measure it on a fixed scale. Measurement of agility of an enterprise has been a major topic of research since inception of agility in 1991. Though some methods have been developed to measure agility, they mainly remain tied to manufacturing industry. As agility is present in all the industries, comprehensive tool to measure it is a necessity in order to determine responsiveness of an enterprise to external turbulences. Comprehensive Agility Measurement Tool (CAMT) measures agility on the scale of 1-5; 1 being least agile and 5 being highly agile. This tool captures agility using 10 agility enablers and thus also points out areas lacking agility. Use of Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) gives flexibility to this tool and also solves the problem of changing priorities of agility enablers from enterprise to enterprise. This paper describes methodology used to develop Comprehensive Agility Measurement Tool. CAMT considers most important factor responsible for agility – human resource management and uses training of employees, attrition rate and percent increase in yearly profit to measure human resource agility and visionary leadership.
Dielectric resonator antenna excited by waveguide slot for radar applications

Dielectric resonator antennas excited by waveguide slots are analyzed numerically using the method of moments. The dielectric resonator is modeled as a body of revolution based on the integral equation formulation for the equivalent electric and magnetic surface current densities. The analysis of the slotted waveguide uses the dyadic Green's functions of an infinite rectangular waveguide. The scattering parameters for a slotted waveguide loaded with a dielectric resonator antenna disk are calculated and compared with special cases of interest.
The Recognition Memory Test, Digit Span, and Knox Cube Test as Markers of Malingered Memory Impairment:

The purpose of this investigation was to examine the efficacy of using the Recognition Memory Test (RMT), Digit Span subtest (WAIS-R), and Knox Cube Test as markers for malingered memory deficits. Participants were 100 subjects from three general populations: university students, federal inmates, and patients with head injuries. Twenty students, 20 inmates, and 20 patients with head injuries resulting in memory impairment were instructed to try their best on the assessment procedures. The remaining 20 students and 20 inmates were instructed to malinger memory impairment on the procedures. The experimental-malingerers (i.e., students and inmates) performed more poorly than the patients with head injuries on nearly every score derived from the three tests. Discriminant function analyses using the age-corrected Digit Span scale score, the Knox Cube Test total score, and the RMT raw scores for words and faces as predictors of group membership resulted in an overall 98% correct classification rate and 100% cor...
The National Dairy Heifer Evaluation Project: A Profile of Heifer Management Practices in the United States

Abstract The National Dairy Heifer Evaluation Project was a cooperative, USDA-sponsored project involving state agricultural departments, the Cooperative Extension Service, the National Agricultural Statistics Service, and the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service. A series of retrospective and prospective descriptive surveys using a multiple list and area frame sampling technique were conducted. Information collected pertained primarily to dairy neonates and replacement heifers. Much of the study was related to observational information on health and management characteristics that can be related to the animals' long-term physical and economic performance. The data reflect herds representing 78% of the national dairy cow population. Average herd size was 86 milking and dry cows and 66 heifers. Many characteristics of these herds reflect accepted and recommended practices in the area of dairy replacement management and nutrition. Data summarized in this national study can be utilized to evaluate the impact of management practices on dairy operations.
AC Stark detection of optical–optical double resonance in CH2

A new scheme for the detection of double resonance spectra of chemical intermediates involves negligible population transfer but the detection of electric field-induced energy shifts in unpopulated levels.
NISO Webinar: It's Only as Good as the Metadata: Improving OpenURL and Knowledge Base Quality

This report is a summary of the NISO Webinar “It's Only as Good as the Metadata: Improving OpenURL and Knowledge Base Quality,” held on October 13, 2010. The Webinar highlighted two NISO (National ...
BCS theory of hole superconductivity: Quasi-two-dimensional model

Abstract Recent work on the mechanism of hole superconductivity is generalized to include interplanar hopping. The particular nature of the pairing interaction causes the superconducting state to remain isotropic, and the gap is constant over the three-dimensional Fermi surface. Nevertheless, significant anisotropy is found in the dependence of Tc on pressure, and comparison with recent pressure experiments is discussed. Other superconducting properties are found to be similar to those of the two-dimensional model and consistent with a variety of experimental results on oxides.
A domain model for eukaryotic DNA organization: A molecular basis for cell differentiation and chromosome evolution

A model for eukaryotic chromatin organization is presented in which the basic structural and functional unit is the DNA domain. This simple model predicts that both chromosome replication and cell type-specific control of gene expression depend on a combination of stable and dynamic DNA-nuclear matrix interactions. The model suggests that in eukaryotes, DNA regulatory processes are controlled mainly by the intranuclear compartmentalization of the specific DNA sequences, and that control of gene expression involves multiple steps of specific DNA-nuclear matrix interactions. Predictions of the model are tested using available biochemical, molecular and cell biological data. In addition, the domain model is discussed as a simple molecular mechanism to explain cell differentiation in multi-cellular organisms and to explain the evolution of eukaryotic genomes consisting mainly of repetitive sequences and “junk” DNA.
Abstract 1228: Resistance to discodermolide, a microtubule stabilizing agent and senescence inducer, is 4E-BP1 dependent

Discodermolide is a microtubule stabilizing agent that induces accelerated cell senescence. A discodermolide-resistant cell line, AD32, was generated from the human lung cancer cell line A549. We hypothesize that the major resistance mechanism in these cells is escape from accelerated senescence. AD32 cells have decreased levels of 4E-BP1 mRNA and protein, relative to the parental discodermolide-sensitive A549 cells. Lentiviral-mediated re-expression of wild type 4E-BP1 in AD32 cells increased the proliferation rate and reverted resistance to discodermolide via restoration of discodermolide-induced accelerated senescence. Consistent with this, cell growth and response to discodermolide was confirmed in vivo using tumor xenograft models. Furthermore, re-introduction of a non-phosphorylatable mutant (Thr 37/46 Ala) of 4E-BP1 was able to partially restore sensitivity and enhance proliferation in AD32 cells, suggesting that these effects are independent of phosphorylation by mTORC1. Microarray profiling of AD32 resistant cells versus sensitive A549 cells, and subsequent unbiased gene ontology analysis, identified molecular pathways and functional groupings of differentially expressed mRNAs implicated in overcoming discodermolide-induced senescence. The most-statistically significant classes of differentially expressed genes included p53 signaling, G2/M checkpoint regulation and genes involved in the role of BRCA1 in the DNA damage response. Consistent with this, p53 protein expression was up-regulated and had increased nuclear localization in AD32 cells relative to parental A549 cells. Furthermore, the stability of p53 was enhanced in AD32 cells. Our studies propose a role for 4E-BP1 as a regulator of discodermolide-induced accelerated senescence. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1228. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1228
Effects of brain hypoxia on pulmonary hemodynamics

The effects of acute brain hypoxia on pulmonary hemodynamics were investigated in anesthetized dogs with the vagus and carotid sinus nerves intact and cut. Following ligation of collateral vessels, brain hypoxia was induced by pumping arterial blood through a ventilated extracorporeal lung to the external carotid arteries for 5 min. In the intact-nerve group brain hypoxia caused no change in pulmonary and systemic vascular pressures and resistances. In the cut-nerve group brain hypoxia caused an increase in mean pulmonary artery, left atrial, pulmonary artery pulse, and mean aortic pressures. Cardiac output, dP/dt, central blood volume, and total peripheral resistance increased but pulmonary vascular resistance and lung extravascular thermal volume were unchanged. It is concluded that acute brain hypoxia does not increase pulmonary vascular resistance but may increase pulmonary blood volume resulting from increased left ventricular afterload.
Molecular basis for an attenuated cytoplasmic dsRNA response in human embryonic stem cells

The introduction of double stranded RNA (dsRNA) into the cytoplasm of mammalian cells usually leads to a potent antiviral response resulting in the rapid induction of interferon beta (IFNβ). This response can be mediated by a number of dsRNA sensors, including TLR3, MDA5, RIG-I and PKR. We show here that pluripotent human cells (human embryonic stem (hES) cells and induced pluripotent (iPS) cells) do not induce interferon in response to cytoplasmic dsRNA, and we have used a variety of approaches to learn the underlying basis for this phenomenon. Two major cytoplasmic dsRNA sensors, TLR3 and MDA5, are not expressed in hES cells and iPS cells. PKR is expressed in hES cells, but is not activated by transfected dsRNA. In addition, RIG-I is expressed, but fails to respond to dsRNA because its signaling adapter, MITA/STING, is not expressed. Finally, the interferon-inducible RNAse L and oligoadenylate synthetase enzymes are also expressed at very low levels. Upon differentiation of hES cells into trophoblasts, cells acquire the ability to respond to dsRNA and this correlates with a significant induction of expression of TLR3 and its adaptor protein TICAM-1/TRIF. Taken together, our results reveal that the lack of an interferon response may be a general characteristic of pluripotency and that this results from the systematic downregulation of a number of genes involved in cytoplasmic dsRNA signaling.
Drawing Moral Inferences from Descriptive Science The Impact of Attitudes on Naturalistic Fallacy Errors

This study examined people's tendency to draw prescriptive, moral inferences from the results of empirical research -an inferential error referred to as the "naturalistic fallacy. " Students read descriptive summaries of social science research articles and were tested for comprehension, attitudes on the issues addressed in the research, and endorsement of statements containing naturalistic fallacy errors. Students were retested 7 weeks after their initial reading of the research. Cross-lagged regression and analysis-of-variance results indicated that the fallacious inference statements were frequently judged as true, that holding attitudes consistent with the direction of the studies' findings increased the likelihood of committing the fallacy, and that the impact of attitudes on commission of these errors increased as the time between reading the research and drawing the inferences increased.
Using Partial Counting Fences and a Two‐Sample Stratified Design for Mark–Recapture Estimation of an Atlantic Salmon Smolt Population

Abstract A mark-recapture experiment was conducted in which a two-sample stratified design was used in estimating the number of Atlantic salmon Salmo salarmigrating as smolts out of the Conne River, Newfoundland. The Conne River is one of the largest Atlantic salmon-producing rivers in insular Newfoundland, with an average adult escapement of 8,582 fish during the period 1986–1988. Two partial fish-counting fences, located 10 km apart, were used to catch downstream-migrating smolts. About 5,000 smolts were tagged with numbered Floy streamer tags and released at the upstream trap; 20% of marked fish were subsequently recaptured in the downstream trap. Depending on the choice of stratification interval used, estimates of the unmarked population ranged from 64,676 to 68,130 smolts. Confidence limits were less than ±8% of the population estimate. The use of the partial fish-counting fences is described and promoted for experiments of this nature. Streamer tags proved quite successful for short-term marking of...
Abstract 4395: Targeting ribosomal proteins for therapeutic inhibition of melanoma growth.

Disruption of ribosome biogenesis leads to the activation of the RP-MDM2-p53 pathway along with other yet to be identified pathways. Ribosome biogenesis is inherently tied to protein synthesis, a process relied upon in cancer to sustain its increased proliferative properties. The ability to activate a tumor suppressor and simultaneously target a process heavily dependent upon for cancer growth is a promising therapeutic angle that deserves exploration. In the present study, we knocked down expression of all large subunit ribosomal proteins to examine their effect on melanoma growth. We found that targeting many ribosomal proteins lead to decreased cancer cell viability. siRNA mediated knocking down of RPL13, a representative ribosomal protein of this group, resulted in increased p53 expression and cell cycle arrest dependent on the RP-MDM2-p53 pathway. Furthermore, inhibition of protein synthesis in culture and decreased tumor growth by 50-90% in animals was observed upon knockdown of RPL13. We conclude that the cell cycle arrest is due in large part to the increased p53 expression caused by the binding of RPL5 and RPL11 to MDM2, however the inhibition of melanoma growth cannot be explained solely by an increase in the tumor suppressor. The accompaniment of decreased protein synthesis provides an additional mechanism contributing to decreased growth. Thus, targeting ribosomal proteins in cancer may serve as an underappreciated therapeutic treatment. Citation Format: Gregory R. Kardos, Gavin P. Robertson. Targeting ribosomal proteins for therapeutic inhibition of melanoma growth. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4395. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4395
Clinical utilization of the international normalized ratio (INR).

The prothrombin time (PT) is one of the most important laboratory tests to determine the functionality of the blood coagulation system. It is used in patient care to diagnose diseases of coagulation, assess the risk of bleeding in patients undergoing operative procedures, monitor patients being treated with oral anticoagulant (coumadin) therapy, and evaluate liver function. The PT is performed by measuring the clotting time of platelet-poor plasma after the addition of calcium and thromboplastin, a combination of tissue factor and phospholipid. Intra- and interlaboratory variation in the PT was a significant problem for clinical laboratories in the past, when crude extracts of rabbit brain or human placenta were the only source of thromboplastin. The international normalized ratio (INR), developed by the World Health Organization in the early 1980s, is designed to eliminate problems in oral anticoagulant therapy caused by variability in the sensitivity of different commercial sources and different lots of thromboplastin to blood coagulation factor VII. The INR is used worldwide by most laboratories performing oral anticoagulation monitoring, and is routinely incorporated into dosage planning for patients receiving warfarin. Although the recent availability of sensitive PT reagents prepared from recombinant human tissue factor (rHTF) and synthetic phospholipids eliminated many of the earlier problems associated with the use of crude thromboplastin preparations, local instrument variability in the INR still remains a problem. Presently, the use of plasma calibrants seems the best solution to this problem. Standardizing the point-of-care instruments for INR monitoring is another dilemma faced by the industry. Ultimately, new generations of anticoagulant drugs may eliminate the need for laboratory monitoring of anticoagulant therapy.
Weight control and cancer preventive mechanisms: role of insulin growth factor-1-mediated signaling pathways

Overweight and obese not only increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and type-2 diabetes mellitus, but are also now known risk factors for a variety of cancers. Weight control, via dietary calorie restriction and/or exercise, has been demonstrated to be beneficial for cancer prevention in various experimental models, but the underlying mechanisms are still not well defined. Recent studies conducted in a mouse skin carcinogenesis model show that weight loss induced a significant reduction of the circulating levels of insulin growth factor (IGF)-1 and other hormones, including insulin and leptin, resulting in reduced IGF-1-dependent signaling pathways, i.e. Ras-MAPK proliferation and protein kinase B-phosphoinositide 3-kinase (Akt-PI3K) antiapoptosis. Selective targeting IGF-1 to Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin and AMP-activated protein kinase pathways, via negative energy balance, might inactivate cell cycle progression and ultimately suppress tumor development. This review highlights the current studies focused on the major role of reducing IGF-1-activated signaling via weight control as a potential cancer preventive mechanism.
Comparison of Voice Analysis Systems for Perturbation Measurement

Dysphonic voices are often analyzed using automated voice analysis software. However, the reliability of acoustic measures obtained from these programs remains unknown, particularly when they are a...
Synthesis and Characterization of Novel V/O/SO4 Chains Incorporating 2,2‘-Bipyridine Ligands: Crystal Structure of [V2O2(OH)2(SO4)(2,2‘-bpy)2]

The hydrothermal reaction of a mixture of vanadyl acetylacetonate (VO(acac)2), Na2SO4, 2,2‘-bipyridine (2,2‘-bpy), and H2O for 48 h at 160 °C gives brown crystals of [V2O2(OH)2(SO4)(2,2‘-bpy)2] (1) in 70% yield. The structure of 1 consists of ribbons constructed from the infinite inorganic chains, [−{V2O2(OH)2}−μ2-SO4{V2O2(OH)2}−SO4]∞, incorporating organic (2,2‘-bipyridine) ligands. The inorganic chains are composed of the pairs of edge-sharing octahedra joined by {SO4} tetrahedra through octahedral−tetrahedral corner sharing. The octahedral geometry around each vanadium(IV) ion is defined by {VO2(OH)2N2} with each VIV center coordinated to a terminal oxo group, two μ2-OH groups, two nitrogen donor atoms from a chelating 2,2‘-bipyridine ligand, and an oxygen donor atom from a μ2-SO42- ligand. Crystal data for 1: monoclinic space group P21/n (No. 14), a = 11.7937(2) A, b = 12.1161(3) A, c = 15.5763(2) A, β = 93.750(2)°, Z = 4. 1 constitutes the first example of a fully reduced vanadosulfate (V/O/SO4) bas...
Auto-Tutorial Instruction in Entomology: Principles of Entomology (Orders).

Principles of Entomology is an introductory course that gives an overall perspective and exposes a student to the various areas of the discipline. It is designed as the introductory course for majors in entomology, other agricultural disciplines, and the university community at large. Approximately one half of the students are majors in the College of Agriculture and the remainder are from other colleges in the university. The course is divided into six principal sections: introduction, arthropods, morphology, physiology, insect orders, insect control, and economic pests of various commodities. The introduction of an auto-tutorial module into the course is described in this article. The pertinent literature associated with auto-tutorial instruction in higher education and entomology in particular has been reviewed in a previous article (Minnick and Webb 1977).
The Effect of Flooring Characteristics on Plantar Pressures on the Foot during Standing

Many studies have found that “anti-fatigue” mats reduce discomfort during prolonged standing but it is unclear why mats are successful. This has made the design and selection of effective mats difficult. An abundance of physiological evidence suggests that pressure on the foot may be a source of standing discomfort, but no research has examined pressure differences between flooring as a possible explanation for the effectiveness of mats. This experiment will measure the effect of flooring on pressures on the foot for different stance and footwear conditions. Pilot data suggest that standing barefoot, standing on a harder surface while barefoot, standing with body weight near the rear of the foot, and standing with more weight on one foot increases peak pressure. A single foot stance also results in a migration of body weight toward the rear of the foot. A larger sample size will establish whether flooring affects pressures in the shod condition, which will have an impact on future research into the relati...
Collaboration, Competition, and Co-opetition: Interorganizational Dynamics Between Private Child Welfare Agencies and Child Serving Sectors

Human service agencies are encouraged to collaborate with other public and private agencies in providing services to children and families. However, they also often compete with these same partners for funding, qualified staff, and clientele. Although little is known about complex interagency dynamics of competition and collaboration in the child-serving sector, evidence suggests that competition can undermine collaboration unless managed strategically. This study explores the interrelationship between competition and collaboration, sometimes referred to as "co-opetition." Using a national dataset of private child and family serving agencies, we examine their relationships with other child serving sectors (N=4460 pair-wise relationships), and explore how variations in patterns of collaboration and competition are associated with several organizational, environmental and relational factors. Results suggest that most relationships between private child welfare agencies and other child serving agencies are characterized by both competition and collaboration (i.e. "co-opetition"), and is most frequently reported with other local private child welfare agencies. Logistic regression analyses indicate that co-opetition is likely to occur when private child welfare agencies have a good perceived relationship or a sub-contract with their partner. Findings have implications for how agency leaders manage partner relationships, and how public child welfare administrators structure contracts.
Serial search and comparison of features of imagined and perceived objects

Four experiments studied the spatial information processing involved in making a series of same-different comparisons of features of two objects. When the path between successively compared features on one object was antiparallel with the corresponding path on the other, comparison of a series of features took longer and produced many more errors. These results were observed both when the objects were externally presented and when one object was imagined and the other externally presented. Knowing the location of the next feature seems much more important for effective search than does monitoring the location of the feature used in the preceding comparison. When paths between corresponding features are parallel, search of features of one object may guide search of the other. When the directions between corresponding features are incongruous, search for the next angle may produce a competition for processes or processing resources, or may produce interfering cross-talk between the spatial information processing of the concurrent search tasks. Because of incongruity, as demonstrated in this study, serial search of objects at different orientations is difficult.
A source of large inductance and concentrated moving magnetic fields on axons

Abstract Recent efforts of one of us (HML) have been directed toward demonstrating that line inductance must be included in any mathematical formulation of the electrical properties of axons, for nerve and muscle as well as pacemaker and receptor cells. This is in order that such a formulation will yield the required propagation behavior, free of numerical instability, and in order that the results obtained therefrom will be in agreement with certain empirical facts that seem to be indispensable in describing highly organized life. These efforts have yielded unquestionable, if somewhat indirect, evidence of the occurrence of magnetic fields that accompany every action potential, and of surprisingly large inductance characteristics for any axon which is thin enough to be regarded as a transmission line. Meanwhile, what appear to be relatively large magnetic fields propagating with action potentials have actually been detected on axons! Moreover, the continuing efforts of two schools working independently for approximately a decade have been directed toward removing any possibility that these findings are due to secondary electrostatic effects occuring in the detection equipment, and have left workers convinced that their results are essentially correct. The last statement is based on a private communication from J. A. Gengerelli, University of California, Los Angeles, May 11, 1969. Reflecting on the manner in which current is known to travel along an axon and through its membrane, we see that the current accompanying an action potential circulates in tightly wound toroidal sheets about the perimeter of a cross section which itself moves with the action potential. Maxwell's equations are used here to show that the line inductance of such toroidal sheets of current is inversely proportional to the cross-sectional area of the axon. For any superthreshold phenomena on an axon, the inductance is therefore quite large, undoubtedly large enough to give what is known as a “Heavified” or “Pupinized” line in linear approximation. For subthreshold phenomena, the induced voltage would be small even if the inductance coefficient were large. It is speculated here that highly concentrated magnetic fields are thus produced by an action potential and focused on the membrane in front of it, there either to serve directly as motive power in gating for entry and exit of sodium and potassium ions, respectively, or to serve as electromechanical chemical agents which trigger in the membrane molecular level activities that have the same effect.
Domestic Violence and Stalking Among Older Adults: An Assessment of Risk Markers

ABSTRACT There is limited empirical evidence regarding the extent to which older adults are physically abused by their spouse or partner, and the risk factors associated with such abuse. Much of what does exist focuses on either caregiver abuse or abuse occurring in institutional settings. Moreover, there is virtually no information on stalking victimization among older adults. The current study used the National Violence Against Women Survey to examine physical abuse and stalking victimization among a sample of adults ages 55 and older (N = 3,622). Similar to research conducted with younger samples, women age 55 and older were significantly more likely than men to be both stalked and physically assaulted. Significant racial differences also emerged with respect to intimate partner physical violence, but not stalking. Specifically, African-American and Hispanic respondents were more likely to be victims of intimate partner violence compared to White respondents. Income, however, was not significantly asso...
Diffuse Brain Injury Elevates Tonic Glutamate Levels and Potassium-Evoked Glutamate Release in Discrete Brain Regions at Two Days Post-Injury: An Enzyme-Based Microelectrode Array Study

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) survivors often suffer from a wide range of post-traumatic deficits, including impairments in behavioral, cognitive, and motor function. Regulation of glutamate signaling is vital for proper neuronal excitation in the central nervous system. Without proper regulation, increases in extracellular glutamate can contribute to the pathophysiology and neurological dysfunction seen in TBI. In the present studies, enzyme-based microelectrode arrays (MEAs) that selectively measure extracellular glutamate at 2Hz enabled the examination of tonic glutamate levels and potassium chloride (KCl)-evoked glutamate release in the prefrontal cortex, dentate gyrus, and striatum of adult male rats 2 days after mild or moderate midline fluid percussion brain injury. Moderate brain injury significantly increased tonic extracellular glutamate levels by 256% in the dentate gyrus and 178% in the dorsal striatum. In the dorsal striatum, mild brain injury significantly increased tonic glutamate levels by 200%. Tonic glutamate levels were significantly correlated with injury severity in the dentate gyrus and striatum. The amplitudes of KCl-evoked glutamate release were increased significantly only in the striatum after moderate injury, with a 249% increase seen in the dorsal striatum. Thus, with the MEAs, we measured discrete regional changes in both tonic and KCl-evoked glutamate signaling, which were dependent on injury severity. Future studies may reveal the specific mechanisms responsible for glutamate dysregulation in the post-traumatic period, and may provide novel therapeutic means to improve outcomes after TBI.
The symptom experience of mucositis, stomatitis, and xerostomia

Objective: To provide an overview of mucositis, stomatitis, and xerostomia, the symptom experience, risk factors, current therapies, nursing interventions, and implications for practice, research, and education. Data sources: Published articles pertaining to mucositis, stomatitis, and xerostomia. Conclusions: Complete and consistent assessments of the oral cavity are needed. Frequent and meticulous oral care remains an important factor in preventing the development of or reducing the severity of oral mucositis, stomatitis, and xerostomia. Additional research of these symptoms is needed. Implications for nursing practice: Oncology nurses can perform an essential role in promoting oral hygiene and optimal status of the oral cavity during cancer and its treatment.
Salient features of mesenchymal stem cells-implications for Ewing sarcoma modeling.

Despite a heightened appreciation of the many defining molecular aberrations in Ewing sarcoma, the cooperative genetic environment and permissive cell of origin essential for EWS/ETS-mediated oncogenesis remain elusive. Consequently, inducible animal and in vitro models of Ewing sarcoma from a native cellular context are unable to fully recapitulate malignant transformation. Despite these shortcomings, human and murine mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are the closest working in vitro systems available: MSCs are tolerant of ectopic EWS/FLI expression, which is accompanied by a molecular signature most similar to Ewing sarcoma. Whether MSCs are the elusive cell of origin or simply a tolerant platform of the EWS/FLI transcriptome, these cells have become an excellent molecular tool to investigate and manipulate oncogenesis in Ewing sarcoma. Our understanding of the biological complexity and heterogeneity of human MSCs has increased substantially over time and as such, appreciation and utilization of these salient complexities may greatly enhance the efficient use of these cells as surrogate models for Ewing sarcoma tumorigenesis.
Reduced Recidivism Among First-Time DWI Offenders as a Correlate of Pre-Trial Intervention

ABSTRACT This study examined recidivism rates for 3994 first-time DWI offenders who either (1) elected a pre-trial intervention (PTI) program or (2) were convicted of DWI and sentenced to DWI education classes and probation. Data were collected from ten randomly selected cohorts of 400 subjects per year from 1981 to 1990. A logistic regression analysis was used to conduct a discrete-time survival analysis of the data. Offenders who were convicted of DWI and put on probation had a 47% greater risk of a re-arrest for DWI than did individuals who completed the PTI program. The results discuss the utility of a PTI alternative both in terms of recidivism reduction and in terms of cost savings to the publicly-financed criminal justice system.
Local tuning of organic light-emitting diode color by dye droplet application

We have demonstrated that fluorescent dyes may be introduced into previously fabricated polymer thin films by local application of a dye-containing droplet. The UV fluorescence spectra of the films and the spectra of organic light-emitting diodes made from these films can be successfully tuned by this method. The technique has been implemented by ink-jet printing of the dye droplet.
Topographic changes in a heterochromatic chromosome block in humans (15P) during formation of the nucleolus

Fluorescencein situ hybridization and multispectral confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed a highly dynamic nucleolar-associated chromosome 15 satellite III heterochromatin cluster in humans. This nucleolar-associated DNA was highly decondensed at the metaphase plate compared with its topography at interphase and appeared to act as a centre for the postmitotic reorganization of the nucleolus. Our data showed unexpectedtrans-mitotic changes in the topography of this nucleolar-associated satellite III DNA that suggest that this locus-specific heterochromatin superstructure may be involved in nucleolar organization.
MIRROR-DRAWING PERFORMANCE AS A FUNCTION OF INSTRUCTIONAL SET AND CONFLICT

Summary.-The effect of instructional sets designed to manipulate levels of conflict on mirror-drawing performance was examined by testing 60 male college students, assigned at random to four experimental conditions: low conflict (speed emphasized), low conflict (accuracy emphasized), intermediate conflict (both speed and accuracy passively emphasized), and high conflict (both speed and accuracy actively emphasized). The response measures were means for 10 trials per subject on total time, time and number of errors. In low conflict conditions, performance agreed with the response emphasized in instructional set. The second hypothesis, that performance is inversely related to level of conflict, was not supported. Performance in the conditions of intermediate and high conflicc did not differ and ranked between the two conditions of low conflict on each of the three response measures. Since the time of Luria ( 1932) and Lewin (1935) the concept of conflict in experimental psychology has generally been defined as a condition arising from the simultaneous arousal of two or more incompatible response tendencies (Cofer & Appley, 1964). Consistent with this definition, mirrordrawing may be conceptualized in terms of two types of conflict. First, perceptual conflict between two stimuli-visual and proprioceptive-is produced by the image reversal. Thus the response tendencies compete in terms of direction of movement, one tendency being to respond to visual cues from the mirror and the other to respond according to kinesthetic cues (felt-arm position). The second source of conflict derives from the instructions, which typically direct the participant to work simultaneously toward two competing goals, speed and accuracy. To maximize either speed or accuracy requires sacrificing proficiency on the competing goal. Studies have indicated that conflict may be accompanied by disruption in motor functioning, such as tremor (Luria, 1932); blocking (Hovland & Sears, 1938; Sears & Hovland, 1941); increased muscle tension (Malmo, Shagass, Davis, & Eng, 1951) ; vacillation, hesitancy, and fatigue (Miller, 1944); and disorientation of visual-motor relations (Beier, 1951). Concerning the effects of varying degrees of conflict, it appears that greater conflict, as defined by the strength of competing responses, may produce greater impairment of performance. Sears and Hovland ( 1941) reported that frequency of blocking increased as strengths of conflicting responses approached equality. Andreas (1968) found that when strengths of competing responses were approximately equal, performance decrement was greater for higher absolute values of competing tendencies.