cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Observations in 2001 on hookworms ( Uncinaria spp.) in otariid pinnipeds.

Uncinaria spp. were recovered from the milk of California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) collected from the: (1) teats of a cow just after parturition (one parasitic third-stage larva, L3), (2) stomach of her nursing pup (two L3), and (3) stomach of a dead pup about 2 days old (one L3, one headless, probably L3, and four L4) on San Miguel Island, California in May 2001. This, in addition to earlier research, indicates transmammary transmission of hookworms in this host. Uncinaria spp. were found in dead northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus) in the: (1) intestines of 2 of 75 pups (either one or two adult specimens in each infected pup) and (2) ventral abdominal blubber of 3 of 78 subadult males (one to seven L3 in each infected seal) on St. Paul Island (SPI), Alaska in July and August 2001. These findings verify the low current prevalence of Uncinaria spp. in fur seals on SPI. Rectal fecal samples taken from 50 live Steller sea lion (Eumetopias jubatus) pups, about 1 month old, on Rogue Reef in Curry County, Oregon in July 2001, were all negative for the eggs of Uncinaria spp. The apparent zero infection rate in these pups is possibly because the rocky terrain of this rookery is not suitable for hookworm transmission.
Solubilization of Cottage Cheese Curd by Alkaline Wash Waters and Its Causes

Abstract Cottage cheese was manufactured and washed twice in each of several water mineral mixtures adjusted to pH levels of 4.8, 5.0, 7.0, 9.0, and 11.0. Curd solubilization was detected only in water adjusted to pH 11.0. However, water adjusted to pH 11.0 and containing 250ppm SO 4 = did not solubilize curd. A definite relationship between curd solubility and the buffering capacity of the water at high pH values was established. Water containing 250ppm Cl - at pH 11.0 dissolved 7.66% of the curd; whereas, 3.89% of the curd was solubilized by water containing 120ppm CO 3 = . Extension of exposure time of curd to wash water caused highly significant increases in amounts of curd solubilized. Exposure for 4 hr resulted in a 3.6% curd equivalent loss.
Disability Studies Dissertation Abstracts

The information for this section of RDS is provided by Jonathon Erlen of the University of Pittsburgh. A full list of disability-related dissertation abstracts may be found at http://www.hsls.pitt.edu/guides/histmed/dissertations/
Parametric Models of Ultrasonic Piezoelectric Transducers over a Wide Temperature Range

Piezoelectric ultrasonic transducers are used extensively in well logging and logging-while-drilling applications for pulse-echo operation. We present a method of modeling the operation of ultrasonic thin-disk piezoelectric transducers over a wide range of temperatures. The model is based on using Redwood's version of Mason's model of thin-disk transducers. Laboratory measurements in the oven of non-backed transducers in air are used to extract the Mason model parameters as a function of temperature. Derived parameters are frequency-thickness constant, dielectric constant, and thickness mode coupling coefficient. A fourth parameter, bulk density, is measured independently and assumed constant over temperature. Temperature dependence of frequency thickness constant and coupling coefficient are modeled as linear temperature coefficients. Temperature dependence of the dielectric constant must be specified as a table because of the non-linear temperature dependence of that parameter.
Drug Accumulation and Binding in P-Glycoprotein-Associated Multidrug Resistance

Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a complex phenomenon that has been well described in experimental systems (Beck, 1987; Pastan and Gottesman, 1987, 1988; Moscow and Cowan, 1988; Bradley et al., 1988; van der Bliek and Borst, 1989; Endicott and Ling, 1989). The characteristic feature, as detailed elsewhere in this volume, is a broad cross-resistance to a variety of apparently dissimilar natural-product compounds. The pharmacologic basis for MDR appears to be a decrease in the steady-state accumulation of drug, attributed to either its decreased uptake (Ling and Thompson, 1974) or decreased retention (Dano, 1973; Skovsgaard, 1978a). In turn, decreased drug retention has been ascribed either to increased activity of an “active efflux pump,” mediated through the action of a high-molecular-weight membrane glycoprotein, known as P-glycoprotein or to a diminished binding of drug (Beck, 1987, Pastan and Gottesman, 1988; Bradley et al., 1988; van der Bliek and Borst, 1989; Endicott and Ling, 1989). For clarity, I designate this form of MDR associated with overexpression of P-glycoprotein as Pgp-MDR, to distinguish it from another type of MDR associated with alterations in the essential nuclear enzyme, topoisomerase II, that we have termed at-MDR (Danks et al., 1987, 1988; Beck et al., 1987). Although decreased steady-state accumulation of drug distinguishes Pgp-MDR from other forms of MDR, the basis for this phenomenon has only recently begun to be understood.
The Effects of Colored Plastic Mulches and Row Covers on the Growth and Yield of Okra

Okra (Abelmoschus escukntus 'Clemson Spineless') was grown on an Orangeburg sandy loam soil in Shorter, AL. Okra was direct-seeded in single rows. Treatments consisted of five mulch colors: black, white, red, silver, and blue installed either with or without spun-bonded row cover. Soil temperatures were 4 to 7 degrees C lower than air temperatures in all treatments. The use of darker (black, blue, red) -colored plastic mulches increased early and total yield of okra compared with bare soil with and without row cover. Increased soil and air temperatures did not always correlate to an increase in yield. It can be concluded that the use of dark plastic mulch is advantageous to growers of okra in climates that do not have cool springs, but the added use of row covers to plastic mulch has no effect on growth and yield. The profit of marketable okra produced using a row cover was $1.37 versus $1.35 per pound without a cover in 2003 and $1.28 versus $1.29 per pound in 2004. Blue plastic mulch is approximate to$0.08 per foot more expensive than black plastic. Our data do not show an economic advantage for blue over black mulch for okra, but the positive effect cited by other authors may be more pronounced with leafy vegetables.
‘The Vietnam Syndrome’ and the end of the post-‘Sixties’ era: Tropes and hegemony in history and policy

This article explains a shift in American culture and politics through an examination of the ‘Vietnam Trope’, a culture structure that conditioned debates on the use of US military power. Specifically, the trope indexes competing explanations in hermeneutically dissimilar narratives: (1) a liberal/neoconservative iteration depicting a progressive foreign policy and (2) a realist/radical articulation that doubts the ability of the US power to shape the world. The ‘Vietnam’ trope captured and organized the anxieties of American military officials and policymakers who confronted a world transformed by ‘the Vietnam War’ and the events of ‘the Sixties’. In the 1980s and 1990s, the trope provided the cultural logic that facilitated the eventual rehabilitation of US military power so that, by the new millennium, preemptive war and protracted global counterinsurgency became possible. Bringing the cultural methods of trope analysis to the historical sociology of hegemony, this article shows that cultural structures are both responses to specific historical moments and the systems of meaning that help shape future outcomes. Empirically, this trope analysis is based on a reading of the shifting uses of the expression ‘Vietnam Syndrome’ in the New York Times and an analysis of the evolution of historical scholarship on ‘the Second Indochina War’.
Nameless History before and after Las Meninas: Luther Blissett's Archaeological Fiction

This article provides a comparative reading of “Las Meninas,” Michel Foucault's opening essay in The Order of Things, and the historical novel Q, written by the Italian collective known as Luther Blissett. Foucault's opening chapter, a close reading of Diego Velazquez's 1656 painting portraying the royal family of Spain, is the narration of an epistemological break through the analysis of an image. In a similar fashion, Q, composed in 1999 by the four writers of the Italian collective, the Luther Blissett Project, takes a fictionalized visual representation as a point of departure for a tale of historical and epistemological transformation. Following this idea, the article shows how the use of visual tropes to create meaning and definition (in a word, to name) is inherent to the narration of the epistemic rupture, and more specifically, it analyzes how this epistemic change, interpreted as if it were complete within the frames of Las Meninas, is still indeterminate and “in the making” during the age immediately preceding: the age narrated in Q. If Foucault's The Order of Things takes as a point of departure the closure of the episteme from the point of view of the new system of knowledge epitomized by Las Meninas, the collective novel Q concentrates on the passage from one age to another. The lack of a unified author for the novel reinforces this notion of displacement by multiplying the narratives, the characters, the historical references. The article furthermore reflects on the nature of these narratives as paradigmatic of the ages they strive to represent, particularly in their implied resonance on class and power structures: an age of nameless history, where individuality is characterized by blurred signifiers and collectivity is the founding element of everyday social relations, ends in an enclosed frame, a limited and specified space where names and signatures (and by extension power, property, hierarchy) become the domain of the individual.
Differentiated Products, Divided Industries: Firm Preferences over Trade Liberalization

The recent focus on firms in international trade suggests two conjectures about preferences over trade policy – only the most productive firms should support freer trade, and industries can be internally divided over reciprocal liberalization. This paper clarifies the content and scope of these claims. The most productive firms are generally not the greatest beneficiaries from trade liberalization and may oppose further liberalization due to increased competition in export markets from compatriot firms. Exporting industries will feature no support for trade if foreign competition is too strong or barriers too unequal. The key analytic factor generating intra-industry division is product differentiation, both directly, by increasing export opportunities for less efficient firms, and by inducing home market effects wherein larger countries are more competitive. The implications of these findings for the distributional effects of liberalization and the study of trade politics are discussed.
Biliary excretion of Co60 labeled vitamin B12 in dogs.

Conclusions1. Following intravenous administration of 2.09 to 3.48 μc Co60 Vit. B12 to dogs between 2.6 and 6.6% of radioactivity was recovered in the bile. 2. In 3 of 5 dogs the 2-phased excretion pattern showed fast and slow components of 6.0 to 7.5 hours and 90 to 295 hours, respectively. 3. Fecal excretion of radioactivity in dogs with biliary fistulae was considerably less than in intact normal animals.
Study on three-phase state estimation for distribution networks based on residual prediction

In order to improve the calculation accuracy and speed of distribution networks state estimation, this paper presents a robust algorithm of three-phase state estimation for distribution networks based on residual prediction. All kinds of measurements in distribution networks are used in the algorithm, Jacobian matrix becomes constant through phase transform of node voltage and branch current and equivalent transform of current amplitude measurement, and the amount of calculation is reduced due to Jacobian matrix remaining unchanged in the iterative process. Setting of equivalent weight based on prediction residual avoids the unnecessary iterations in the correction of the equivalent weight, which reduces the amount of computation. Simulation results show that the proposed method is stable and robust.
International Arbitration of Patent Claims

Multinational companies often have multiple patents in different countries on the same invention or innovation. This often results in extremely costly parallel patent litigations in various national courts. In this Essay, Professor Lee proposes how private arbitration might be used to solve the multi-patent, multi-forum litigation problem. The under-utilized U.S. patent arbitration statute, which allows arbitration of patent validity challenges (as well as patent infringement, licensing, and ownership issues) provides a useful basis for the solution.
Optical header extraction and recognition by discrete time stretch technique

We demonstrate low latency discrete time optical header extraction and recognition. 8-bits of 10 Gb/s header is extracted and slowed down to /spl sim/590 Mb/s by discrete time stretch technique. Optical Q values of > 19 dBQ are measured.
Emergency Video Telemedicine Consultation for Newborn Resuscitations: The Mayo Clinic Experience

Abstract Objective To describe the Mayo Clinic experience with emergency video telemedicine consultations for high-risk newborn deliveries. Patients and Methods From March 26, 2013, through December 31, 2015, the Division of Neonatal Medicine offered newborn telemedicine consultations to 6 health system sites. A wireless tablet running secure video conferencing software was used by the local care teams. Descriptive data were collected on all consultations. After each telemedicine consult, a survey was sent to the neonatologist and referring provider to assess the technology, teamwork, and user satisfaction. Results During the study, neonatologists conducted 84 telemedicine consultations, and 64 surveys were completed. Prematurity was the most frequent indication for consultation (n=32), followed by respiratory distress (n=15) and need for advanced resuscitation (n=14). After the consult, nearly one-third of the infants were able to remain in the local hospital. User assessment of the technology revealed that audio and video quality were poor or unusable in 16 (25%) and 12 (18.8%) of cases, respectively. Providers failed to establish a video connection in 8 consults (9.5%). Despite technical issues, providers responded positively to multiple questions assessing teamwork (86.0% [n=37 of 43] to 100.0% [n=17 of 17] positive responses per question). In 93.3% (n=14 of 15) of surveyed cases, the local provider agreed that the telemedicine consult improved patient safety, quality of care, or both. Conclusion Telemedicine consultation for neonatal resuscitation improves patient access to neonatology expertise and prevents unnecessary transfers to a higher level of care. A highly reliable technology infrastructure that provides high-quality audio and video should be considered for any emergency telemedicine service.
The Bacterial Flagellar Filament Re-Examined at High Resolution

The bacterial flagellar filament has been an important model system in structural biology. Current models are based upon the notion that subunits can switch between two stable states, one forming left-handed 11-start protofilaments and the other forming right-handed ones (Calladine, 1975; Kamiya et al., 1980). Pioneering work on the structure of two flagellin mutants came from the Namba lab, studying the Salmonella filament (Maki-Yonekura et al., 2010; Samatey et al., 2001). We have been using cryo-EM to study the structure of a gram-positive bacterium, Bacillus subtilis. We have now reconstructed five mutants, all at a better resolution than obtained for Salmonella. For one mutant, we have reached ∼ 3.6 A, which allows for a full atomic model to be built with a high-degree of confidence. These results are being combined into a new model for how structural polymorphism is dictated by the switching between two states, only possible with the recent advances allowing for near-atomic resolution reconstructions of these filaments.Calladine, C.R. (1975). Construction of bacterial flagella. Nature 255, 121-124.Kamiya, R., Asakura, S., and Yamaguchi, S. (1980). Formation of helical filaments by copolymerization of two types of ’straight‘ flagellins. Nature 286, 628-630.Maki-Yonekura, S., Yonekura, K., and Namba, K. (2010). Conformational change of flagellin for polymorphic supercoiling of the flagellar filament. NatStructMolBiol 17, 417-422.Samatey, F.A., Imada, K., Nagashima, S., Vonderviszt, F., Kumasaka, T., Yamamoto, M., and Namba, K. (2001). Structure of the bacterial flagellar protofilament and implications for a switch for supercoiling. Nature 410, 331-337.
Visibility-Based Target-Tracking Game: Bounds and Tracking Strategies

The art gallery problem or museum problem is a well-known visibility problem in computational geometry. It originates from a real-world problem of guarding an art gallery with the minimum number of guards who together can observe the whole gallery. This letter deals with a variant of the art gallery problem in which guards are deployed to track a mobile intruder. We consider a team of free guards equipped with omnidirectional cameras deployed to track a bounded speed intruder inside a simply connected polygonal environment. We present a partitioning technique for any simply connected polygon using its diagonals such that each partition is at most a nonagon. Next, we propose an event-triggered strategy for a single guard to track an intruder around a reflex vertex. Based on the proposed strategy, we formulate the problem of finding the minimum speed of the guard and its corresponding trajectory inside any partition as a convex-optimization problem. The solution to the convex-optimization problem provides an upper bound on the speed of the mobile guard required for persistent tracking of the mobile intruder. Furthermore, we show that the number of guards deployed by the proposed technique belongs to $\mathcal {O}(\frac{2n}{7})$ and $\Omega (\frac{n}{6})$ , which is strictly less than $\lfloor {\frac{n}{3}} \rfloor$ (sufficient and sometimes necessary number of guards required for coverage). Finally, we extend the analysis to orthogonal polygons, and show that the upper bound on the number of guards deployed for tracking is strictly less than $\lfloor {\frac{n}{4}} \rfloor$ which is sufficient and sometimes necessary for the coverage problem.
Anatomy of Some Atlantic Margin Sediment Slides and Some Comments on Ages and Mechanisms

Two areas of submarine slides are described; one off North-west Africa and another off of eastern North America. The North-west African slide consists of a 18,000 km2 slide scar with a 30,000 km2 area of slide deposits. The total displaced volume is of the order of 1100 km3. The scar is bounded on its eastern and southern sides by 10 to 100 m scarps. The failure occurred over a slope of about 1° to 1.5° and the mass flows moved over slopes as gentle as 0.1°. The available evidence suggests that the slide zone represents an area of long term instability and that individual failures are related to tectonics associated with a fracture zone. In contrast, the slides off Maryland occurred around the flanks of a series of old submarine channels. Distinct glide planes are correlated with subbottom reflectors. Possible triggering mechanisms include earthquakes and undercutting by turbidity currents.
Development of an intelligent lithium-ion battery-charging management system for electric vehicle

In this research, an intelligent lithium-ion battery-charging management system is proposed. The system integrates the battery monitoring and balance platform (BMBP) and charging station. According to the battery information of BMBP and the user needs, a proposed dual charging method (DCM) is used to control the charging voltage or current of charging station. The DCM contains the rapid and the smart multi-stage charging methods. In addition, the smart multi-stage charging methods depress the temperature rising during charging to protect the batteries. On the other hand, the system also provides a friendly graphic user interface on PC or smart devices for user to select the charging method and monitoring the state of batteries. The system proposes a convenient solution for both quickly or safely charging needs.
Colonic stasis and chronic constipation: Demystifying proposed risk factors for colon polyp formation in a spinal cord injury veteran population.

Background and Aims: Patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) suffer significant morbidity from neurogenic bowel. Chronic constipation has long-been a proposed risk factor for polyp development. We performed a retrospective cohort study in veterans with SCI to assess polyp presence in the setting of colonic stasis.Methods: All consecutive patients at the James A. Haley Veterans Affairs Hospital with SCI and neurogenic bowel who completed screening colonoscopy between January 1, 2004 to June 30, 2013 were included. Colonoscopies were excluded if they were aborted, not completed to the cecum, of less than adequate preparation, or if polypectomy was precluded. Patient data included level, duration, and completeness of SCI. Polyp data included number, location, and histology.Results: 325 patients ultimately met inclusion criteria. Most were male (96%). The average age at screening colonoscopy was 62.8 years. The majority of patients had injury to the cervical spine (41.5%). Colon polyps were detected in 130 pat...
THERAPEUTIC VITRECTOMY AS AN ADJUNCT TREATMENT TO SYSTEMIC CHEMOTHERAPY FOR INTRAOCULAR LYMPHOMA.

Purpose To report the outcome of a previously vitrectomized eye having less lymphoma disease burden compared with the contralateral nonvitrectomized eye over the course of 3.5 years while on systemic chemotherapy. Methods Case report. Results A 51-year-old man with vitreoretinal lymphoma with central nervous system involvement underwent vitrectomy in his left eye. Over the following 3.5 years on systemic chemotherapy, the left eye had less lymphoma disease burden compared with the contralateral nonvitrectomized right eye. Conclusion Therapeutic vitrectomy may be a useful adjunct to systemic chemotherapy in vitreoretinal lymphoma, particularly in cases of vitreous predominant disease manifestation.
A G-Band Monolithically Integrated Quasi-Optical Zero-Bias Detector Based on Heterostructure Backward Diodes Using Submicrometer Airbridges

This paper presents the design, fabrication, and characterization of a zero-bias quasi-optical terahertz detector based on monolithically integrated heterostructure backward diodes (HBDs) for operation at G-band. The reported detectors consist of HBDs with $0.7 \times 0.7 ~\mu \text{m}^{2}$ active device area and submicrometer-scale airbridges, integrated with lens-coupled high-impedance planar folded dipole antennas. Measurements of the HBD detector show that a peak-measured detector sensitivity of approximately 2400 V/W and a minimum noise equivalent power (NEPmin) of 2.14 pW/ $\surd $ Hz have been obtained at 170 GHz. If an antireflection coating was used on the lens, a sensitivity of approximately 3500 V/W and NEPmin of 1.48 pW/ $\surd $ Hz is projected. The radiation patterns of the quasi-optical detector in both $E$ - and $H$ -planes have been measured, and good agreement has been achieved between simulation and measurement. The performance of this detector can be further improved by scaling the HBD device active area. The reported approach using monolithically integrated heterostructure backward tunneling diodes and submicrometer airbridges is promising for developing high performance and compact detectors and focal-plane arrays for millimeter-wave and terahertz sensing and imaging applications.
Coronary Revascularization With Single Versus Bilateral Mammary Arteries: Is It Time to Change?

Background Arterial conduits are preferred to venous conduits for coronary artery bypass grafting because of longer patency. A single internal mammary artery (SIMA) is used routinely. Bilateral internal mammary arteries (BIMA) are used less frequently. We sought to determine whether BIMA were superior to SIMA. Methods From our regional registry of consecutive open heart operations, we identified 47,984 patients who underwent isolated coronary artery bypass grafting from 1992 to 2014. Of the 1,482 BIMA patients, 1,297 were propensity matched to a cohort of SIMA patients. Short-term outcomes were compared using standard statistical techniques. Long-term survival was compared using Kaplan-Meier estimators and compared using a log-rank test. Results BIMA patients were younger and had fewer comorbid conditions than SIMA patients. After propensity weighting, BIMA and SIMA patients were well matched. There was no difference in in-hospital outcomes for BIMA versus SIMA patients for mortality (1.2% [n = 15] vs 0.8% [n = 10], p = 0.315), stroke (0.7% [n = 9] vs 0.7% [n = 9), p = 1.000), bleeding (2.2% [n = 28] vs 2.8% [n = 36], p = 0.311), or mediastinitis (0.8% [n = 10] vs 0.9% [n = 12], p = 0.667). The median follow-up was 12 years. Survival was better for BIMA than SIMA (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.79; 95% confidence interval, 0.69 to 0.91; p Conclusions In a large regional experience, BIMA is associated with no upfront risk of adverse events and improved long-term survival compared with SIMA. Our results indicate that BIMA conduits should be considered more frequently during coronary artery bypass grafting due to their demonstrated survival advantage.
A state-of-the-art review of measurement techniques on tire–pavement interaction noise

Abstract Modern research on tire–pavement interaction noise (TPIN) started approximately in the mid-1970s as engines became less noisy and the aerodynamic design of vehicle bodies was optimized. Currently, TPIN dominates for passenger vehicles above 40 km/h, and 70 km/h for trucks. There are a number of different measurement techniques to quantify TPIN. In this study, the measurement techniques were reviewed and divided into three categories based on the test environment: roadside, on-board, and lab. The measurement techniques have evolved from simple overall sound pressure level tests to more accurate on-board sound intensity tests, and then to sound field holography in the lab. For each technique, the equipment used, measurement setup and standard if available, measured parameters and data processing, sound field category and major noise source, and advantages/disadvantages were discussed. Finally, suggestions on the selection of measurement techniques were given.
DIFFERENCES IN THE VISUAL EVOKED POTENTIALS BETWEEN NORMALS AND OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMAS

Significant differences were found in the interocular latencies of the visual-evoked potentials between 11 normals and 20 open-angle glaucoma patients with visual field loss in one eye. A checkerboard pattern comprised of 40 minute checks was projected on the macular region through a dilated pupil over a 9° field by means of a direct viewing hand-held ophthalmoscope. The checks were alternated at 8 reversals per second. All patients had visual acuities of 20/40 or better in each eye. The visually-evoked potential was elicited under steady state conditions and averages were obtained of 64 sweeps. The differences in latencies between eyes were measured. The glaucomatous groups showed larger differences. in latencies than the normals.
A Methodology for Assessing Elicitation of Knowledge in Complex Domains: Identifying Conceptual Representations of Ill-Structured Problems in Medical Diagnosis

This study addressed a need to more effectively assess progress in knowledge development for complex practice domains. The result of identifying and implementing such assessment methodologies may be useful in guiding the development of instructional interventions and support mechanisms to help novices progress more efficiently and effectively toward expertise. The first challenge was to determine whether a proposed annotated concept mapping methodology could be used to identify patterns among experts in their problem conceptualizations of ill-structured problems. The second was to identify if there were differences between experts and novice problem conceptualizations. Highly experienced physicians (experts) and less experienced medical students (novices) were engaged in creating annotated problem representations for given medical diagnosis problems. The data generated were used to determine whether (1) patterns in medical diagnosis problem conceptualizations were identifiable for experts, (2) differences existed between expert and novice conceptualizations of the medical diagnosis problems, and (3) a strong argument for using annotated concept maps to assess learning in complex domains could be supported. Findings suggested that there were similarities in how experienced physicians thought about the representative ill-structured problems and these similarities were different than novices’ conceptions. These findings support the notion that this methodology is useful in generating data that can aid in distinguishing relative levels of expertise in conceptualization of ill-structured problems in a medical diagnosis contexts. Discussions of the implications of this line of research and for the further development of this methodology are provided.
The effects of steam conditioning and antimicrobial inclusion on feed manufacturing and inactivation of Enterococcus faecium, a Salmonella surrogate

SUMMARY Animal well-being, evolving feed manufacturing regulations, human health, and consumer perception drive the continued need to provide safe feed to food animals. Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of antimicrobial inclusion and conditioning temperature variations on feed manufacturing metrics (EXP1) and the inactivation of Enterococcus faecium, a Salmonella surrogate (EXP2). Both short-term (ST) and long-term (LT) steam conditioning techniques were utilized in this split-plot design where ST (10 s) or LT (60 s) steam conditioning served as whole plot units. Whole plots contained either 2 × 3 (EXP1) or 2 × 4 (EXP2) factorial arrangements varying in mixer-added antimicrobial inclusion (with or without) and degree of thermal processing (unprocessed mash, 71°C, 82°C, and 88°C). Manufacturing of dietary treatments was replicated 3 times. A basal diet was used to obtain desired conditioning temperature before Salmonella surrogate-inoculated feed was exposed to either ST or LT conditioning. In EXP1, conditioning time and antimicrobial inclusion interacted (P = 0.03) by decreasing pellet durability when antimicrobial was included in diets subjected to ST conditioning. Pellet durability was not affected when LT conditioning was utilized. In EXP2, conditioning time, antimicrobial inclusion, and degree of thermal processing interacted (P
Sanitation in Rural India: Exploring the Associations between Dwelling Space and Household Latrine Ownership

In 2017, the Joint Monitoring Programme estimated that 520 million people in India were defecating in the open every day. This is despite efforts made by the government, Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs), and multilaterals to improve latrine coverage throughout India. We hypothesize that this might be because current interventions focus mostly on individual-level determinants, such as attitudes and beliefs, instead of considering all possible social determinants of latrine ownership. Given this, we ask two questions: what is the association between the amount of dwelling space owned by households in rural India and their likelihood of toilet ownership and what proportion of the variation in household latrine ownership is attributable to villages and states? We used multilevel modeling and found significant associations between the amount of household dwelling space and the likelihood of latrine ownership. Furthermore, considerable variation in latrine ownership is attributable to villages and states, suggesting that additional research is required to elucidate the contextual effects of villages and states on household latrine ownership. Thus, sanitation interventions should consider household dwelling space and village and state context as important social determinants of latrine ownership in rural India. Doing so could bolster progress towards Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 6.
Robert Morris (1931–2018)

This text, a series of reflections on the life and work of Robert Morris, draws from Jeffrey Weiss's long working relationship with the artist, which includes their collaboration on an intensive st...
Complications and Costs Are Not Increased After Total Hip Arthroplasty in Patients With a History of Prostate Cancer.

Abstract Background Prostate cancer (PCa) is a largely prevalent disease in the United States. Moreover, it is unclear whether the thromboembolic burden of disease remains present after the cancer has been treated and whether such state impacts the short-term outcomes of orthopedic procedures. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to assess 90-day postoperative complications and costs after total hip arthroplasty (THA) for osteoarthritis in patients with a history of PCa. Methods Two groups of patients who underwent THA for osteoarthritis in the Medicare Standard Analytical Files were identified through the PearlDiver server. Both groups were matched based on age, diabetes, smoking status, chronic kidney disease, alcohol abuse, chronic liver disease, and obesity in order to create a case-control study comparison. The 90-day complication rates after THA were compared using univariate regressions (odds ratio). We hypothesized that patients with a history of PCa would develop increased rates of thromboembolic complications based on a prolonged procoagulative state. Results After matching, each group was comprised of 62,571 patients. Our findings identified greater 90-day pneumonia rates for those without a history of PCa (3.26% vs 2.68%; odds ratio, 0.82). All other complications including thromboembolic diseases were clinically comparable in both groups during the 90-day postoperative period. The charges and reimbursements for the 90-day period were also comparable. Conclusion In our large case-control study of 125,142 patients, we found that patients with a history of PCa do not have increased risk of short-term complications after THA and that the mean 90-day reimbursements were similar for both groups at $14,153 for PCa patients and $14,033 for those without (P = .114).
Caspase lesions of PVN-projecting MnPO neurons block the sustained component of CIH-induced hypertension in adult male rats

Chronic intermittent hypoxia associated with obstructive sleep apnea increases oxidative stress and leads to chronic hypertension. Sustained hypertension may be mediated by angiotensin II-induced n...
Timekeeping with electron spin states in diamond

Frequency standards based on atomic states, such as Rb or Cs vapors, or single-trapped ions, are the most precise measures of time. Here we propose and analyze a precision oscillator approach based upon spins in a solid-state system, in particular, the nitrogen-vacancy defect in single-crystal diamond. We show that this system can have stability approaching portable atomic standards and is readily incorporable as a chip-scale device. Using a pulsed spin-echo technique, we anticipate an Allan deviation of ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{y}={10}^{\ensuremath{-}7}{\ensuremath{\tau}}^{\ensuremath{-}1/2}$ limited by thermally-induced strain variations; in the absence of such thermal fluctuations, the system is limited by spin dephasing and harbors an Allan deviation nearing $\ensuremath{\sim}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}12}{\ensuremath{\tau}}^{\ensuremath{-}1/2}$. Potential improvements based upon advanced diamond material processing, temperature stabilization, and nanophotonic engineering are discussed.
Structural Modification in Osteoarthritis: Dawn of a New Day?

Conaghan and colleagues report the findings of a randomized trial comparing placebo with 2 different doses of MIV-711, a reversible inhibitor of cathepsin K, in persons with moderately severe knee ...
Microscopic precursor lesions of uterine lymphangioleiomyomatosis associated with incidental nodal lymphangioleiomyomatosis: A case report and discussion of pathogenesis

Abstract A 47 yo woman underwent resection of an endometrial adenocarcinoma with pelvic lymph node biopsies. She was found to have incidental nodal lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM). Subsequent clinical and radiographic evaluation showed no evidence of manifestations of tuberous sclerosis or pulmonary LAM. Examination of the uterus revealed small microscopic foci of myometrial precursor LAM lesions. These lesions were detected only by immunohistochemical stains for cathepsin K and HMB-45. It is proposed that the precursor cell for the LAM cell is an altered Mullerian smooth muscle cell.
Robust Kalman Filtering With Probabilistic Uncertainty in System Parameters

In this letter, we propose a robust Kalman filtering framework for systems with probabilistic uncertainty in system parameters. We consider two cases, namely discrete time systems, and continuous time systems with discrete measurements. The uncertainty, characterized by mean and variance of the states, is propagated using conditional expectations and polynomial chaos expansion framework. The results obtained using the proposed filter are compared with existing robust filters in the literature. The proposed filter demonstrates better performance in terms of estimation error and rate of convergence.
Open Low Anterior Rectal Resection with Diverting Loop Ileostomy

This chapter describes the technical aspects of open low anterior resection with diverting loop ileostomy, including patient positioning, instrumentation, type of incision, and approach. Steps of dissection and resection and steps of reconstruction are similar to the laparoscopic technique and discussion in Chap. 16.
Transient ST segment elevation in two patients with COVID-19 and a normal transthoracic echocardiogram

We continue to learn about cardiac involvement in patients with COVID-19. These patients can develop acute coronary syndrome and severe myocarditis with a reduced ejection fraction. We describe two critically ill COVID-19 patients who developed ST elevation that resolved on repeat ECG without any intervention.
Predicting bone turnover following tobacco exposure using bone alkaline phosphatase and N-telopeptide biomarkers and possible variability and effect modification of these markers by race/ethnicity

Introduction: This study investigated the systemic response of serum bone alkaline phosphatase (SBAP) and urinary N-telopeptide (UNTX) to tobacco exposure and environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and ...
Entrenching, Interpreting, and Specifying Human Rights: Some Comments on the U.S. Constitution and Judicial Review

This essay is my contribution to a symposium on originalism, to be held at the University of Western Ontario in October 2008. In the essay, I address the question What does it mean - or, at least, what should it mean - to 'interpret' the constitutional text? I then explain that one's answer to that question - even if one's answer is originalist - does not entail any particular answer to two further, distinct questions: (1) How large a role, or how small, should the U.S. Supreme Court play in specifying - in rendering more determinate - a constitutional norm that is implicated by, but underdeterminate in the context of, one or another constitutional controversy? (2) In resolving constitutional controversies, should the U.S. Supreme Court always proceed, at least in part, on the basis of what it believes to be the correct interpretation of the constitutional text? I conclude this essay with a question I have addressed elsewhere, and to which I will eventually return: In specifying entrenched but contextually underdeterminate human rights norms, should the U.S. Supreme Court take the path of Thayerian deference?
Defining postoperative weight change after pancreatectomy: Factors associated with distinct and dynamic weight trajectories.

Abstract Background Weight change offers the simplest indication of a patient’s recovery after an operation. There have been no studies that have thoroughly investigated postoperative weight dynamics after pancreatectomy. The aim of this study was to define postoperative weight change after a pancreatectomy and determine factors associated with optimal and poor weight trajectories. Methods From 2004 to 2019, 1,090 proximal (65%) and distal (35%) pancreatectomies were performed in patients with adequate data in the medical records. Patient weights were acquired preoperatively and at postoperative months 1, 3, and 12. Optimal (top quartile, weight restoration) and poor (bottom quartile, persistent weight loss) postoperative weight cohorts were identified at 1 year postoperatively. Results The median percentage weight change 1 year postpancreatectomy was –6.6% (interquartile range: –1.4% to –12.5%), –7.8% for proximal pancreatectomy, and –4.2% for distal pancreatectomy. For most patients (interquartile range cohort), the median percentage weight change at 1, 3, and 12 months was –6.2%, –7.2%, and –6.6%. The independent factors associated with weight restoration were age 10%, distal pancreatectomy, not undergoing vascular resection, and no readmission within 30 days. Conversely, persistent weight loss was associated with American Society of Anesthesiologists classes III to IV, obesity, malignancy, proximal pancreatectomy, blood loss ≥350mL, and experiencing readmission within 30 days. Focusing on pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (n = 372) patients, the factors associated with persistent weight loss were obesity, proximal pancreatectomy, and experiencing recurrence within 1 year; however, weight cohorts were not associated with overall survival for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma patients. Conclusion These data define weight kinetics after pancreatectomy. Ultimately, postoperative weight trajectories appear to be largely predetermined but may be mitigated by limiting readmissions and complications. Clinicians should use these data to identify patients who continue to lose weight between the first and third month postoperatively with a high suspicion for the requirement of nutritional monitoring or other interventions.
Detecting the Expansion of the Universe through Changes in the CMB Photosphere

The expansion of the universe may be observed in "real time" by measuring changes in the patterns of the anisotropy in the cosmic microwave background (CMB). As the universe ages, the surface of decoupling—the CMB photosphere—moves away from us and samples a different gravitational landscape. The response of the CMB to this new landscape results in a different pattern than what we observe today. The largest change occurs at l ≈ 900. We show that with an array of detectors that we may envision having in a couple of decades, one can in principle measure the change in the anisotropy with two high-precision measurements separated by a century.
Caring with the Public: An Integration of Feminist Moral, Environmental, and Political Philosophy in Journalism Ethics

This article seeks to “contaminate” an ethics of care with three different but interrelated theoretical interventions: the expansion of the care ethic beyond interpersonal relations, ecofeminism, a...
A Safe In-Home Disposal System with Every Opioid Prescription? FDA is Considering a Potential New Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy that Could Impact Pharmacists

Abstract Misuse of prescription opioids contributes to the ongoing crisis of opioid-related overdose and deaths in the United States. The failure of patients and caregivers to safely dispose of unused opioids contributes to the problems. In 2018, Public Law 115-271 provided the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) authority to mandate a Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy (REMS) for safe disposal packaging and/or safe disposal solutions for opioid analgesics. The FDA has been collaborating with stakeholders to determine if a new REMS is needed. A new or revised opioid REMS could substantially affect opioid packaging, pharmacist roles and services, and dispensing activities such as education, counseling, and product distribution. The pharmacy profession has provided limited input to FDA regarding a potential new or revised opioid REMS. In this commentary, we aim to: 1) provide awareness and raise questions on pertinent issues regarding opioid use and safe home disposal, 2) offer considerations for regulators on needed research in development and assessment of a new REMS, and 3) highlight actions for pharmacist engagement in patient care services to promote safe use and safe home disposal of opioids. Consideration of a potential mandate regarding enhanced safety packaging or safe disposal solutions for opioids presents opportunities to revisit professional roles and engage proactively with the FDA and other stakeholders. We hope this commentary stimulates timely feedback by pharmacy leaders, researchers, and practitioners on whether and how options for safe home disposal of opioids should be included in a REMS in contemplation of potential benefits, unintended consequences, expanded professional roles, timeline, assessment of program effectiveness, and adequate compensation. We support a shared opioid REMS that funds the counseling of patients and caregivers on safe opioid use and safe home opioid disposal options and provides appropriate education and products to facilitate that disposal.
Impaired Global Network Topology in Residual Connectomes in Stroke-induced Aphasia (P5.1-005)

Objective: To examine global network organization among spared brain regions in stroke-induced aphasia. Background: Most studies of stroke-induced aphasia examine the relationship of lesioned brain regions and white matter tracts and their association with symptoms. However, the configuration of spared edges and brain networks has been relatively unexamined. Further, because longitudinal comparisons are difficult to conduct to control for neuroplasticity post-injury, cross-sectional approaches that support inferences accounting for possible neural remodeling are necessary. Design/Methods: In 39 subjects with chronic stroke-induced aphasia and 39 age-matched controls, we applied a novel anatomy imputation procedure to obtain comparable anatomical T1 imaging parcellations in health and stroke. Then, we reconstructed white matter fractional anisotropy (FA) networks on streamlines using anatomically constrained diffusion tractography in 234 regions from the Lausanne parcellation. In a “simulated attack” analysis, we created personalized null distributions of global network statistics (small world propensity, global efficiency, transitivity, and density) that would be expected if a given stroke represented in each real lesion map had been observed in each of the controls. Then, we computed the percentile of each of the network statistics to determine whether they were impaired or enhanced relative to their personal null. Results: While small-world propensity and density were typically (>90% of subjects) well within the null distributions, global efficiency and transitivity were often reduced (>75% of subjects). These findings indicate that post-injury symptoms could result from reduced local and global information processing above and beyond gross losses in connectivity Conclusions: Simulated attack to healthy FA networks can support sensitive analyses of impaired network topology in residual stroke networks. The contribution of stroke risk factors and secondary effects of stroke to topological disruption should be specifically examined. Further, the validity of simulated attack measures applied to control networks and their behavioral relevance should be explored. Disclosure: Dr. Medaglia has nothing to disclose. Dr. Kelkar has nothing to disclose. Dr. Pustina has nothing to disclose. Dr. Turkeltaub has nothing to disclose.