cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
UNIT 12.1 Biosafety in Handling Gene Transfer Vectors

This unit is devoted to safety issues that must be considered when generating and working with vectors for gene therapy. A short description of the relevant regulatory bodies and mechanisms is followed by a general discussion of containment and safety procedures. This is followed by vector-specific guidelines for nine commonly used vector systems, including adenovirus, vaccinia, HSV-1, lentivirus, and nonviral vectors. Recent tragic experiences with retroviral integration near oncogene loci demonstrate the surprise effects of successful gene therapy. The unit also outlines the problems encountered when taking a promising vector to clinical trials. Keywords: biosafety; gene transfer; vectors; hazards; risks
Surgical management of colorectal lung metastases

Pulmonary metastasectomy for colorectal cancer is an established means of treatment for select patients. This article will highlight the recent evidence published in the literature related to current practices for the surgical management of colorectal lung metastases and propose a diagnostic algorithm for use in clinical practice. It will also discuss controversies related to pulmonary metastasectomy, including the optimal timing of surgery, the extent of lymph node sampling/dissection, and the extent of surgical resection.
3.4 A 0.01mm 2 25µW 2MS/s 74dB-SNDR Continuous-Time Pipelined-SAR ADC with 120fF Input Capacitor

The kT/C noise poses a fundamental SNR limit for discrete-time (DT) ADCs with front-end sampling operations. To achieve a high resolution, the sampling capacitor needs to be sufficiently large (e.g., 3pF for 80dB SNR assuming $2\mathrm{V}_{pp}$ swing) and it has to be quadrupled for every 1b increase in the resolution. A large sampling capacitor poses critical challenges for both the ADC input buffer and the reference buffer (Fig. 3.4.1). To meet the stringent linearity requirement of high-resolution ADCs, these buffers consume a significant amount of power, which can be comparable or even higher than the ADC itself. In addition, a large capacitor makes it difficult to design the ADC front-end S/H circuit, leading to considerable power/area costs and increased design complexity.
Perinatal AIDS: drugs of abuse and transplacental infection.

Type-1 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) infection of children has been recognized since 1983 (1,2). The description of both the general signs and the specific infections which define AIDS in children has been well-outlined (3). The number of HIV-1 infected children has increased in recent years in parallel with the increase in HIV-1 infected women of child-bearing age (4,5). Although children have been infected by the inadvertent use of HIV-1 contaminated blood or blood products, in the United States, the overwhelming majority of childhood HIV-1 infection is believed to be transmitted pre- or perinatally from infected women (6–8). These observations are also consistent with data obtained from European patient cohorts although the frequency of transplacental HIV-1 infection in Europe appears to be different from that in the United States (8,9). This discrepancy may be the result of differences including that of the drugs of abuse that are associated with HIV-1 infection. In Europe, the major drug of abuse amongst pregnant women is heroine (10) while in the United States the drug that is predominant is “crack” cocaine (11).
Public Libraries and the Opioid Crisis, Part 2: Community-Centered Responses

ABSTRACTNumerous articles from major national newspapers have covered the fact that as the opioid crisis has become a pervasive problem in the United States, overdoses in public libraries have beco...
Design and evaluation of a portable PM2.5 monitor featuring a low-cost sensor in line with an active filter sampler

Fine particulate air pollution (PM2.5) is a health hazard with numerous indoor and outdoor sources. Versatile monitors are needed to characterize PM2.5 sources, concentrations, and exposures in a range of locations and applications. Whereas low-cost light-scattering PM sensors provide real-time measurements with limited accuracy, gravimetric samples provide more accurate, albeit time-integrated, measurements. When used together, low-cost sensor data can be corrected to gravimetric samples. Here we describe the development of a portable PM2.5 monitor that features a low-cost sensor in line with an active filter sampler. Laboratory tests were conducted to determine (1) the accuracy and precision of PM2.5 concentrations derived from the filter sample and (2) correction factors for the low-cost sensor response to ammonium sulfate, Arizona road dust, urban particulate matter, and match smoke. Filter samples collected at 0.25 and 1.0 L min-1 had mean biases of -10% and -4%, relative to a tapered element oscillating microbalance, and a relative standard deviation (RSD) that ranged from 1% to 17%. The low-cost sensor correction factor varied with the test aerosol, sample flow rate, and between individual monitors. Gravimetric correction reduced the bias and RSD of ∼1 hour average concentrations measured by low-cost sensors in three collocated monitors. A week-long field experiment was also conducted to investigate how the monitor could be used to learn about sources of residential air pollution. Field data were used to identify: (1) pollution events resulting from cooking and use of a wood furnace and (2) variations in the number of air changes per hour inside the residence.
Disseminated bullous impetigo and atopic dermatitis: Case series and literature review.

Background Bullous impetigo (BI) is a common skin infection of early childhood, resulting from desmoglein-1 cleavage by Staphylococcus aureus exfoliative toxins. Due to compromised barrier function and immune dysregulation, children with atopic dermatitis (AD) are at increased risk of cutaneous infections, yet no literature has been published on disseminated bullous impetigo (DBI) in children with atopic dermatitis (AD). We sought to explore the atopic phenotypes, antibiotic sensitivities, and treatment courses of children diagnosed with disseminated bullous impetigo at our institution. Methods We conducted a retrospective case series of 12 children diagnosed with disseminated bullous impetigo at Johns Hopkins from 12/2016 to 5/2017. Results Eleven children (92%) had severe AD. All children were initially misdiagnosed; the majority (67%) were misdiagnosed with AD flares, and other misdiagnoses included scabies, eczema herpeticum, ecthyma, varicella, and eczema coxsackium. All cultures were positive for methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA). Three children (25%) had clindamycin-resistant strains of MSSA, and only one child was positive for both MSSA and methicillin-resistant S aureus. All children were treated with systemic antibiotics and experienced resolution of symptoms within 24-48 hours. Conclusions This case series is the first of its kind exploring children with DBI with the atopic diathesis. Our results indicate that DBI is often misdiagnosed, and increased training is likely needed for pediatricians, emergency room physicians, and dermatologists. Earlier diagnosis of bullous impetigo may prevent dissemination and spare a patient treatment with systemic antibiotics. Given the high rate of clindamycin resistance observed in this series, we recommend cephalosporins to treat uncomplicated cases of DBI.
Oceanographic drivers of winter habitat use in Cassin's auklets

Reduced prey abundance and severe weather can lead to a greater risk of mortality for seabirds during the non-breeding winter months. Resource patterns in some regions are shifting and becoming more variable in relation to past conditions, potentially further impacting survival and carryover to the breeding season. As animal tracking technologies and methods to analyze movement data have advanced, it has become increasingly feasible to draw fine-scale inference about how environmental variation affects foraging behavior and habitat use of seabirds during this critical period. Here, we used archival light-sensing tags to evaluate how interannual variation in oceanography affected the winter distribution of Cassin's Auklets from Southeast Farallon Island, California. Thirty-five out of 93 geolocators deployed from 2015 to 2017 were recovered and successfully recorded light-level data, from which geographic positions were estimated. Step-selection functions were applied to identify environmental covariates that best explained winter movement decisions and habitat use, revealing Cassin's Auklets dispersed farther from the colony during a winter with warm SST anomalies, but remained more centralized near the breeding colony during two average winters. Movement patterns were driven by avoidance of areas with higher sea surface temperatures and possible limits of dispersal from the breeding colony, and selection for areas with well-defined mesoscale fronts and cooler surface waters. Through multiple years of tagging and the application of step-selection functions, a robust and widely applied approach for analyzing animal movement in terrestrial species, we show how interannual differences in the movement patterns of a small seabird are driven by oceanographic variability across years. Understanding the winter habitat use of seabirds can help inform changes in population structure and measures of reproductive success, aiding managers in determining potential causes of breeding failures.
Why Airway Gland Secretions Are Abnormally Sticky in Cystic Fibrosis, and Why Not Much Can Be Done About It.

In this issue of Developmental Cell, Xie et al. show that in cystic fibrosis, airway gland mucus gels form under conditions of high acidity and protein concentration. This causes them to be unusually stiff. This abnormal rheology cannot be corrected by changing pH or calcium levels in the bathing medium.
E‐prints and journal articles in astronomy: a productive co‐existence

Are the e-prints (electronic preprints) from the arXiv repository being used instead of journal articles? We show that the e-prints have not undermined the usage of journal papers from the four core journals in astrophysics. As soon as the journal article is published, the astronomical community prefers to read it and the use of e-prints through the NASA Astrophysics Data System drops to zero. This suggests that most astronomers have access to institutional subscriptions and that they choose to read the journal article. In other words, the e-prints have not undermined journal use in this community and thus currently do not pose a financial threat to publishers. Furthermore, we show that the half-life (the point at which the use of an article drops to half the use of a newly published article) for an e-print is shorter than for a journal paper.
Hiding Public Debt

This paper examines the determinants of hidden public debt that is, government financial commitments and contingent liabilities that do not receive official recognition and explicit budgetary allocations, but are later on assumed by the government as additional debt outside the normal budget. Hidden debts are large in many countries and can cause fiscal and macroeconomic instability. We propose a measure of hidden debt and develop a model that explains its regularities. We show that the forces that raise the demand for public expenditure, such as fractionalization and division in the government, also motivate politicians to resort to disguised expenditure and debt as a means of alleviating constraints on explicit borrowing. The tightness of such constraints also adds to the incentive to hide debt, as do factors that reduce the costs of arranging off-budget debts. We find that these costs decline with the extent of government intervention in the economy, especially when the economy is sufficiently developed to have resources that interventionist governments can direct toward hidden expenditures. The proposed measure of hidden debt is likely to have other important applications, especially in the studies of fiscal policy that in the past have relied on budgetary deficit as a complete measure of government deficit.
Effect of Strain History and Mixture Proportions on Early-Age Cement Paste and Mortar Stress Relaxation

AbstractThe influence of sand particles, aging, and water–cement (w/c) ratio on the viscoelastic relaxation modulus of cement paste and mortars was measured at early ages (1–28 days). Furthermore, ...
Immune cell profiling in atherosclerosis: role in research and precision medicine

Inflammation is intimately involved at all stages of atherosclerosis and remains a substantial residual cardiovascular risk factor in optimally treated patients. The proof of concept that targeting inflammation reduces cardiovascular events in patients with a history of myocardial infarction has highlighted the urgent need to identify new immunotherapies to treat patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Importantly, emerging data from new clinical trials show that successful immunotherapies for atherosclerosis need to be tailored to the specific immune alterations in distinct groups of patients. In this Review, we discuss how single-cell technologies - such as single-cell mass cytometry, single-cell RNA sequencing and cellular indexing of transcriptomes and epitopes by sequencing - are ideal for mapping the cellular and molecular composition of human atherosclerotic plaques and how these data can aid in the discovery of new precise immunotherapies. We also argue that single-cell data from studies in humans need to be rigorously validated in relevant experimental models, including rapidly emerging single-cell CRISPR screening technologies and mouse models of atherosclerosis. Finally, we discuss the importance of implementing single-cell immune monitoring tools in early phases of drug development to aid in the precise selection of the target patient population for data-driven translation into randomized clinical trials and the successful translation of new immunotherapies into the clinic.
Introducing the Impingement Index: A study of the combined effect of alpha angle and femoral version on outcomes after hip arthroscopy for femoral acetabular impingement

Objectives:Many studies within the recent literature have sought to identify the effect of femoral version and other morphologic characteristics on outcomes after primary hip arthroscopy for femora...
Influence of Temperature and Photoperiod on the Fecundity of Habrobracon hebetor Say (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and on the Paralysis of Host Larvae, Plodia interpunctella (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

Studies were carried out in the laboratory to understand the optimum environmental conditions at which the ectoparasitoid, Habrobracon hebetor Say (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), can paralyze and lay eggs when reared on the larvae of the stored product pest, Plodia interpunctella Hubner (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). At the four temperatures investigated (20, 25, 30, and 35 °C), optimum temperatures for oviposition were found to be 25 and 30 °C, while 35 °C was the least favorable temperature. No significant differences were found between the percentages of diapausing and non-diapausing larvae paralyzed by the wasp at the temperatures of 20, 25, 30, 35 °C within 5 days. However, in another experiment that investigated the effect of photoperiods at different temperatures that included 15, 19 and 28 °C, the number of paralyzed larvae was highly reduced at low temperatures (15 °C) but photoperiods had no significant impact on the number of host larvae paralyzed. In addition, observations at short time intervals also showed that lower temperatures slowed down host larvae paralysis. The results suggest that H. hebetor can paralyze host larvae of P. interpunctella more efficiently and deposit more eggs at temperatures within the range of 20–30 °C.
Microbial Synthesis and Degradation of Indole-3-acetic Acid: I. THE CONVERSION OF L-TRYPTOPHAN TO INDOLE-3-ACETAMIDE BY AN ENZYME SYSTEM FROM PSEUDOMONAS SAVASTANOI

An enzyme which catalyzes the conversion of L -tryptophan to indole-3-acetamide has been isolated from cells of Pseudomonas savastanoi and purified 89-fold. The enzyme catalyzes a reaction in which 1 mole of L -tryptophan and 1 mole of O2 are consumed and 1 mole of indole-3-acetamide and 1 mole of CO2 are produced. The enzyme has a pH optimum between 7.2 and 9.2. It is specific for the L isomer of tryptophan and attacks 5-hydroxytryptophan at a rate approximately 17% of that for L -tryptophan. It shows slight activity toward L -phenylalanine and L -tyrosine but no activity toward indole-3-pyruvic acid, indole-3-acetaldehyde, α-methyltryptophan, or indole-3-acetic acid. Indole-3-acetamide brings about end product inhibition and, at a concentration of 1 m M , reduces the rate of oxidation of L -tryptophan by 85%. Hydroxylamine, HgCl2, iodoacetamide, and indole-3-acetic acid are effective inhibitors of the enzyme. Tryptophan oxidative decarboxylase is suggested for the trivial name for this enzyme.
Ranking and Unranking of Hereditarily Finite Functions and Permutations

Prolog's ability to return multiple answers on backtracking provides an elegant mechanism to derive reversible encodings of combinatorial objects as Natural Numbers i.e. {\em ranking} and {\em unranking} functions. Starting from a generalization of Ackerman's encoding of Hereditarily Finite Sets with Urelements and a novel tupling/untupling operation, we derive encodings for Finite Functions and use them as building blocks for an executable theory of {\em Hereditarily Finite Functions}. The more difficult problem of {\em ranking} and {\em unranking} {\em Hereditarily Finite Permutations} is then tackled using Lehmer codes and factoradics. The paper is organized as a self-contained literate Prolog program available at \url{this http URL}
Comparisons of Pasteurella multocida lipopolysaccharides by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to determine relationship between group B and E hemorrhagic septicemia strains and serologically related group A strains.

Abstract Lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) purified from 16 reference somatic serotypes of Pasteurella multocida were examined and compared by discontinuous sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Resolution of LPS patterns in a gel was optimum when sample wells were cast separately from the stacking gel and the running gel consisted of 15% T (total monomer) polyacrylamide and 4 M deionized urea. Band patterns of P. multocida LPSs in a gel differed from control Salmonella minnesota wild-type and core mutant LPSs. Although the band patterns and mobilities of LPSs from some P. multocida reference serotypes were similar, none were identical. Evidence for O antigens similar to those produced by enterobacteria was not observed. Proteinase K digestion of whole P. multocida cells resulted in LPS band patterns similar to those of purified LPS. The presence or absence of a capsule on a strain had no major influence on band patterns in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Comparisons of LPS patterns of group B and E hemorrhagic septicemia strains with those of serologically related group A strains of P. multocida indicated that they were similar. Typing antisera made with purified serotype 2 or 5 LPS reacted with electroblots of all these strains. However, the reactions did not distinguish strains as being serotype 2 or 5.
Improving operating room first start efficiency – value of both checklist and a pre-operative facilitator

Background: There are multiple components leading to improved operating room efficiency. We undertook a project focusing on first case starts; accounting for each delay component on a global basis. Our hypothesis was there would be a reduction in first start delays after we implemented strategies to address the issues identified through this accounting process. Methods: An orange sheet checklist was implemented, with specific items that needed to be clear prior to roll back to the operating room (OR), and an OR facilitator was employed to intervene whenever there were any missing items needed for a specific patient. We present the data from this quality improvement project over an 18-month period. Results: Initially, 10.07 (± 0.73) delayed first starts occurred per day but declined steadily over time to a low of 4.95 (± 0.38) per day after 6 months (−49.2 %, P < 0.001). By the end of the project, the most common reasons for delay still included late surgical attending (19%), schedule changes (14%) as well as ‘other reasons’ (13%), but with an overall reduction per day of each. Total anaesthesia delay initially totalled 11% of the first start delays, but was negligible (< 1%) at the project’s completion. Conclusions: While we have a challenging operating room environment based on our patient population, multiple trainees in both the surgery and anaesthesiology teams: an orange sheet ‐ pre-operative checklist in addition to a dedicated pre-operative facilitator; allowed us to make a substantial improvement in our first start on time starts.
Does the recruitment of a non‐native mussel in native eelgrass habitat explain their disjunct adult distributions?

We studied variability in the abundance of small individuals of an invasive mussel (Musculista senhousia) across the depth distribution of a native marine angiosperm, eelgrass (Zostera marina). Adult mussels and eelgrass have a disjunct local distribution, each limiting the other in complex ways. To assess whether eelgrass also influenced the distribution of juvenile mussels, we sampled inside and outside eelgrass beds in one site in Mission Bay and two in San Diego Bay, California, USA. We sampled mussels in size classes 0.26-0.50 mm, 0.51-1.00 mm, 1.10-2.00 mm and > 2.00 mm from September 1997 to April 1999. We also monitored gonad development in larger mussels and in situ growth of mussels < 2 mm tagged with the chemical marker calcein. Spatial and temporal variations in mussel abundances were high but seasonal patterns were roughly similar at San Diego Bay sites; very few mussels were found in Mission Bay. Mussels with full gonads were found year-round in San Diego Bay, as were mussels in the smallest size class (with a large peak in fall and a smaller secondary one in spring), suggesting that many of the smallest mussels represent recruitment. The observation that most, although not all, tagged mussels increased in size provides further support for recruitment. Some of the highest numbers of mussels in the smallest size class were found inside eelgrass beds, indicating that eelgrass does not restrict and may actually enhance the distribution of very small mussels. The disjunct distribution of adult mussels and eelgrass thus is apparently established primarily postrecruitment. M. senhousia is capable of year-round reproduction, recruitment and growth, and thus is poised to preempt space from eelgrass following any disturbance that results in eelgrass declines, such as habitat fragmentation, eutrophication, or disease.
DNA replication in isolated nuclei: The fate of pulse-labelled DNA subunits

Abstract The fate of 3 H-dTTP incorporated into DNA in isolated S phase nuclei from Chinese Hamster Ovary cells was examined. 3 H-dTTP observed in 4 S DNA subunits after a pulse-label becomes acid-soluble during a chase performed under conditions which permit continued active DNA synthesis. 3 H-dTTP incorporated into longer DNA subunits is not affected by these chase conditions. This selective loss of 4 S pulse-label requires active DNA synthesis. In incubations which do not permit continued DNA synthesis, either there is little loss of label or the loss occurs equally from the 4 S and larger DNAs. Possible reasons for a metabolically active 4 S subunit are discussed.
Atomic and molecular surface and volume processes in the analysis of negative hydrogen discharges

The generation of hydrogen negative ions in hydrogen discharges is due to a combination of electronic excitation and wall relaxation processes. Principal processes are energetic electron excitation to form H 2(v″), followed by low-energy electron dissociative attachment to form H - +H. Wall recombination of H 2 +, H 3 + ions are also a source of H 2(v″).
The monitoring and management of electrically induced seizures.

Seizure monitoring with electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) plays a major role in the assurance that this modality is being administered in a safe and effective fashion. Much of contemporary monitoring strategy with ECT focuses on electroencephalographic monitoring, which provides a direct, noninvasive assay of the electrophysiologic response to the ECT stimulus. This article provides much of the background material necessary to record, interpret, and make clinical decisions based on such information.
"Rebound" is not an appropriate criterion for withdrawal insomnia.

“Rebound” is NOT an appropriate criterion for withdrawal insomnia Daniel F. Kripke, M.D. Viterbi Family Sleep Center Scripps Clinic W-207 10666 North Torrey Pines Road La Jolla, CA 92037, USA E-mail address: dkripke1@san.rr.com Dr. Mayer’s interesting discussion of my letter in the September, 2014 Sleep Med. was helpful in clarifying problems with rebound criteria in the three studies on which I had commented [1,2]. Most important, “rebound insomnia” is not a suitable criterion for lasting insomnia after drug withdrawal, especially not when defined as insomnia exceeding baseline. Rather, I had stated that the three hypnotics produced lasting withdrawal insomnia, as demonstrated throughout the post-drug observations by the drug-withdrawn patients who experienced significantly worse sleep than those who had been randomized to parallel placebo treatments. None of the studies I had discussed really fit into the dated definitions of rebound insomnia or withdrawal insomnia in the articles by Kales which Dr. Mayer cited. I happily recall my excitement when I first met Dr. Kales 47 years ago and learned of his innovative polysomnographic studies of hypnotics, which had yielded so much new information. Unfortunately, those articles by Kales and his definitions were based on rather brief longitudinal
A secondary ionization mass spectrometry calibration of Cibicidoides pachyderma Mg/Ca with temperature

An evaluation of C. pachyderma Mg/Ca using a new suite of warm water multicores from the Florida Straits shows that the slope of Mg/Ca with temperature is shallower than previously thought. Using secondary ionization mass spectrometry, we have documented that the distribution of magnesium within the polished walls of foraminiferal tests is Gaussian, suggesting that the Mg/Ca in these samples is not affected by the addition of a secondary high-magnesium calcite in the walls. The Mg/Ca within a typical C. pachyderma test varies by about ±20% (1σ/μ · 100), and the variability increases slightly in tests with higher Mg/Ca. The regression of C. pachyderma Mg/Ca with temperature has a slope of 0.13 ± 0.05 mmol mol−1 per °C, indistinguishable from the slope observed in inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry measurements from a different subset of the same multicores, but about one half the slope of previously published calibrations. The largest differences between the calibrations comes at the warm water end of the regression, where previously published C. pachyderma Mg/Ca values from Little Bahama Bank are at least 3 mmol mol−1 higher than observed in these new cores. The reasons for this difference are not fully known but are most likely related to diagenesis at Little Bahama Bank.
United States Multicenter Study of Arsenic Trioxide in Relapsed Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia

PURPOSE: To determine the safety and efficacy of arsenic trioxide (ATO) in patients with relapsed acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Forty patients experiencing first (n = 21) or ≥ second (n = 19) relapse were treated with daily infusions of ATO to a maximum of 60 doses or until all leukemic cells in bone marrow were eliminated. Patients who achieved a complete remission (CR) were offered one consolidation course of ATO that began 3 to 4 weeks later. Patients who remained in CR were eligible to receive further cycles of ATO therapy on a maintenance study. RESULTS: Thirty-four patients (85%) achieved a CR. Thirty-one patients (91%) with CRs had posttreatment cytogenetic tests negative for t(15;17). Eighty-six percent of the patients who were assessable by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction converted from positive to negative for the promyelocytic leukemia/retinoic acid receptor-alpha transcript by the completion of their consolidation therapy. Thirty-two patients receive...
Faces and maximizer subsets of highest weight modules

Abstract In this paper we study general highest weight modules V λ over a complex finite-dimensional semisimple Lie algebra g . We present three formulas for the set of weights of a large family of modules V λ , which include but are not restricted to all simple modules and all parabolic Verma modules. These formulas are direct and do not involve cancellations, and were not previously known in the literature. Our results extend the notion of the Weyl polytope to general highest weight g -modules V λ . We also show that for all simple modules, the convex hull of the weights is a W J -invariant polyhedron for some parabolic subgroup W J . We compute its vertices, faces, and symmetries – more generally, we also do this for all parabolic Verma modules, and for all modules V λ with highest weight λ not on a simple root hyperplane. To show our results, we extend the notion of convexity to arbitrary additive subgroups A ⊂ ( R , + ) of coefficients. Our techniques enable us to completely classify “weak A -faces” of the support sets wt ( V λ ) , in the process extending classical results of Satake, Borel–Tits, Vinberg, and Casselman, as well as modern variants by Chari–Dolbin–Ridenour and Cellini–Marietti, to general highest weight modules.
Diabetes and risk of pancreatic cancer: a pooled analysis of three large case-control studies.

Racial differences in diabetes-associated pancreatic cancer (PC) and the interaction of diabetes with other risk factors are not well established. We determined the association between diabetes and risk of PC in 2,192 cases and 5,113 controls in three large case-control studies conducted at the National Cancer Institute, the University of California San Francisco, and the M.D. Anderson Cancer Center. In multivariable analyses, diabetes was associated with a 1.8-fold risk of PC [95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.5-2.1]. Risk estimates decreased with increasing years with diabetes (≤2 years OR = 2.9, 95% CI = 2.1-3.9; 3-5 years OR = 1.9, 95% CI = 1.3-2.6; 6-10 years OR = 1.6, 95% CI = 1.2-2.3; 11-15 years OR = 1.3, 95% CI = 0.9-2.0; > 15 years OR = 1.4, 95% CI = 1.0-2.0 (p for trend 10 years was associated with a reduced risk of pancreatic cancer (OR = 0.5, 95% CI = 0.3-0.9; p for trend < 0.0001). Hispanic men and Asians had a higher risk of diabetes-associated PC than did whites and blacks, but the differences were not statistically significant. No significant interaction between diabetes and cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption and body mass index was observed. Although reverse causation may explain the association between diabetes diagnosed in close temporal proximity to PC, our results show that long-term diabetes, even though risk diminishes over time, remains a risk factor for PC independent of obesity and smoking.
Inter-store externalities and space allocation in shopping centers

This article analyzes the problem of optimal space allocation in shopping centers in the presence of inter-store externalities. In the model, a given store's sales depend on its own space as well as on the space allocated to other stores in the center. The given stores' own sales rise as other stores grow in size because the shopping center is then more attractive to customers. Taking this externality into account, the developer allocates space to the various stores to maximize the shopping center's profit, which equals total rent minus operating costs. The solution to this problem is analyzed under a number of different behavioral assumptions.
Rivaroxaban reduced stroke and systemic embolism compared with warfarin in nonvalvular AF.

Source Citation Patel MR, Mahaffey KW, Garg J, et al. Rivaroxaban versus warfarin in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med. 2011;365:883-91. 21830957
Models of a computer architecture for processing of large numbers of images

Abstract In this paper we present statistical models, simulation results and two implementations of a multicomputer system particularly suited for processing large numbers of images and other applications involving a set of operations to be performed on a stream of data blocks. This system consists of N satellite computers and M central computers interconnected by M buses such that any satellite can communicate with any central computer. Data blocks are transferred by the central computers to the satellites where they are processed. The system performance measures are the satellite idle time and the increase in processing speed over a single computer system. We develop two models of system operation from which the idle time can be related to the statistical properties of the transfer and processing times.
The hippocampal inhibition deficit in positively reinforced discrete trial learning

This experiment investigated the effects of bilateral hippocampectomy in a learning task that made positive reinforcement contingent on the acquisition of a slow running response in a straight alley runway. Hippocampectomized (H)rats along with normal (N) and cortical (C) controls were run under one of two conditions: prior training on a continuous reinforcement schedule (Condition S) or no prior training (Condition NS). It was found that: H Ss ran reliably faster and received reliably fewer reinforcements than N and C Ss. The results were seen as generally supporting the Douglas (1967) model of hippocampal function.
The Small Islands of Almost-Atolls.

THE familiar inductive series of fringing reefs, barrier reefs, and atolls may be further subdivided so as to contain six members: Normal fringing reefs, offshore fringing reefs, narrow-lagoon barrier reefs, broad-lagoon barrier reefs, almost-atolls, and atolls. Almost-atolls, or atoll-like reefs encircling lagoons in which one or several small islands rise, are of interest as affording a critical test of certain competing coral-reef theories, as follows: Murray's theory of outgrowing reefs around still standing islands explains a completed atoll by supposing that the original volcanic island is slowly worn down as the encircling reef grows outward and the lagoon is excavated behind the growing reef by solution, the degraded central island eventually disappearing in away not clearly explained, perhaps by outwash of its detritus from the lagoon by currents which are fed by the influx of surf over the windward reef and discharged by outflow through passes in the leeward reef. Under this theory the small island of an almost-atoll would be a nearly worn-down central island, which would exhibit rolling hills of low relief surrounded by delta flats; or in a later stage, after the delta deposits had been swept away, the low hills of the vanishing island would be encroached upon by the lagoon waves and cut back in low bluffs fronted by low-tide rock platforms that gradually deepen into the lagoon.
Studies on the flow-induced noise at the evaporator of a refrigerating system

Abstract Studies were performed here to investigate the behaviour of flow-induced noise at the evaporator section of a refrigerating system located in an anechoic chamber. An x-ray system was used to visualize the refrigerant flow in the pertinent tubes of the system. The flow-induced noise under transient and steady-state operations of the system was studied using acoustic, pressure and temperature measurements. Calculations on the bubble size-resonant frequency and x-ray results agreed with the dominant frequency range obtained through acoustical measurements. One-third octave band analysis was performed for the 200–500 Hz frequency range as this frequency band was where the refrigerant-induced noise was found to be dominant in the system. Factors that influence the transient noise generated by the refrigerant flow were identified.
Prioritizing Service Requests on Cloud with Multi-tenancy

Cloud computing often uses a multi-tenant architecture where tenants share application and system software. Request prioritization presents a challenge in this architecture. Tenant may have individual (local) prioritization requirements, and these requirements can be different for different tenants. The shared application must use a global priority scheme for requests from all the tenants. This paper proposes an effective model to prioritize service requests from multiple tenants while preserving local priorities from individual tenant requests. This paper proposes the Crystalline Mapping (CM) algorithm which maps local priorities from individual tenants to global priorities. The algorithm also maximizes revenues within the local-to global priority mapping constraints. The performance of the model is evaluated by the total business value, the QoS measurement, and a fairness measure. The model has been evaluated using simulation based on real-world data, and the results are consistent with the mathematical model.
Abstract C181: The combination of BKM120, a PI3K inhibitor, with panobinostat synergistically inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis in lymphoma cells.

Combination therapies may help to decrease toxicity by allowing use of lower concentrations of individual agents to get a similar biologic effect and/or overcoming clinical resistance to single agent therapy. Recently, we have shown that by the inhibition of PKCβ, a protein kinase increasing survival and proliferation signals, we can shift the balance toward histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDI) induced stress response and the irreversible engagement of the apoptotic cascade in lymphoma cells. In the present study, we investigated the cytotoxicity and mechanisms of cell death of combination of BKM120, a PI3k inhibitor with panobinostat (LBH589), a histone deacetylase inhibitor in B-cell and T-cell lymphoma cell lines. Flow cytometry assays and PARP cleavage analysis were applied for the study of the apoptosis induction. Cellular protein levels were measured by Western blot. Cytotoxicity of single agents and their combinations was determined by WST-1 proliferation assay. The interaction between BKM120 and panobinostat was examined according to the Chou and Talalay method by using the Calcusyn software. Combined BKM120/panobinostat treatment synergistically inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis in tested cell lines. Panobinostat single treatment (concentrations used in combined treatment) induced a slight proliferation inhibition and apoptosis. Interestingly, this treatment increased the level of phosphorylated AKT that might result in an attenuation of further apoptosis. The elevated AKT phosphorylation was significantly diminished by simultaneous treatment with BKM120, which may explain increased induction of apoptosis and inhibition of proliferation in cells treated by BKM120/panobinostat. Moreover, in comparison to the effects of single agent treatments, combined BKM120/panobinostat treatment resulted in significantly lower phospho-RPS6, phospho-GSK3 and p21 protein levels and an increased level of acetylated histone H3. Our data suggest that PI3k inhibitors in combination with HDI might have potential therapeutic value in lymphoma treatment. The inhibition of PI3k by BKM120 markedly sensitized lymphoma cells to the induction of apoptosis by panobinostat and synergistically inhibited the proliferation of all tested lymphoma cell lines. However, the molecular events underlying the synergistic effect using PI3k inhibitors in combination with HDI remain to be fully elucidated. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2011 Nov 12-16; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2011;10(11 Suppl):Abstract nr C181.
Selection of bone grafts for revision total hip arthroplasty.

The selection of bone grafts to reconstruct deficient bone for revision hip replacement requires an understanding of specific bone graft functions and the critical steps of the biologic incorporation of the graft into the host. Bone grafts provide functions of osteogenesis, either graft derived or by osteoinduction, osteoconduction, or both, and mechanical support. Autologous cancellous bone provides excellent osteogenesis and osteoconduction without structural support. Nonvascularized cortical autografts provide mechanical support and are somewhat osteogenic. Allogeneic cancellous bone is osteoconductive and minimally osteoinductive, whereas cortical allografts provide structural support, if not freeze-dried, and are somewhat osteoconductive. Allogeneic demineralization bone matrix is highly osteoinductive. The selection of the appropriate bone graft depends on the classification of the bone deficiency. Cavitary (contained) defects can be reconstructed with cancellous morselized autograft, frozen or freeze-dried allograft, or allogeneic demineralized bone matrix. Segmental defects require bulk corticocancellous and/or cortical autografts or allografts. The ultimate incorporation of the bone graft depends on the interaction of the graft and the host's mechanical and biologic environment, and hostbone graft contact and stability. Optimum bone graft selection will enhance the clinical outcomes in revision total hip arthroplasty.
Identification of Direct Targets of FUSCA3, a Key Regulator of Arabidopsis Seed Development

FUSCA3 (FUS3) is a B3 domain transcription factor that is a member of the LEAFY COTYLEDON (LEC) group of genes. The LEC genes encode proteins that also include LEC2, a B3 domain factor related to FUS3, and LEC1, a CCAAT box-binding factor. LEC1, LEC2, and FUS3 are essential for plant embryo development. All three loss-of-function mutants in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) prematurely exit embryogenesis and enter seedling developmental programs. When ectopically expressed, these genes promote embryo programs in seedlings. We report on chromatin immunoprecipitation-tiling array experiments to globally map binding sites for FUS3 that, along with other published work to assess transcriptomes in response to FUS3, allow us to determine direct from indirect targets. Many transcription factors associated with embryogenesis are direct targets of FUS3, as are genes involved in the seed maturation program. FUS3 regulates genes encoding microRNAs that, in turn, control transcripts encoding transcription factors involved in developmental phase changes. Examination of direct targets of FUS3 reveals that FUS3 acts primarily or exclusively as a transcriptional activator. Regulation of microRNA-encoding genes is one mechanism by which FUS3 may repress indirect target genes. FUS3 also directly up-regulates VP1/ABI3-LIKE1 (VAL1), encoding a B3 domain protein that functions as a repressor of transcription. VAL1, along with VAL2 and VAL3, is involved in the transition from embryo to seedling development. Many genes are responsive to FUS3 and to VAL1/VAL2 but with opposite regulatory consequences. The emerging picture is one of complex cross talk and interactions among embryo transcription factors and their target genes.
Influences of task posture on physiological task responses

Abstract This paper reviews selected research on how task posture may effect task demands. It was found that task performance in stooped or nonerect task postures can result in higher task heart rates, metabolic costs, and ratings of discomfort and fatigue. However it was also found that the type of task performed and the effective work rate will have the greatest impact on the subjective, biomechanical, and physiological strains experienced by the worker. Areas needing further research were identified and discussed.
A portable computer security workshop

We have developed a computer security workshop designed to instruct post-secondary instructors who want to start a course or laboratory exercise sequence in computer security. This workshop has also been used to provide computer security education to IT professionals and students. It is effective in communicating basic computer security principles as well as an understanding of some of the significant tools and techniques in this area. Evaluations of the workshop have been very positive; we will offer the workshop locally, regionally, and nationally in the next year. The materials from this workshop are available at http://clics.cs.uwec.edu/workshopmaterials.htm.
Protective effect of dexamethasone in experimental bovine pneumonic mannheimiosis.

Clinical and experimental studies provide unequivocal evidence that neutrophils participate in the pathogenesis of lung injury in bovine pneumonic mannheimiosis (BPM). Since the inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1 beta, and interleukin-8 play a central role in the recruitment and activation of neutrophils, we hypothesize that pharmacological inhibition of their expression may prevent or reduce the inflammatory lung injury that is characteristic of the disease. The purpose of this study was to determine whether systemic therapy with dexamethasone sodium phosphate (DEX), a potent inhibitor of inflammatory cytokine synthesis, ameliorates disease development in an in vivo experimental model of BPM. Four experimental calves were treated intravenously with DEX (2 mg/kg 6 h prior to infection, 2 mg/kg immediately prior to infection, and 1 mg/kg every 12 h thereafter), while two placebo-treated control calves received dose-matched volumes of sterile saline. Disease was induced in the left lungs of the six calves by endobronchial administration of Mannheimia haemolytica. Clinical disease was characterized using a non-parametric scoring system, and the extent of gross pulmonary pathology affecting the left lung 48 h post-infection (PI) was determined using morphometric methods. Disease scores for DEX-treated calves were significantly lower than those for placebo-treated controls at all time points beyond 2 h PI (P<0.05), and the percent volume of the left lung exhibiting gross pneumonic lesions was significantly lower in DEX-treated calves (6.0±1.1%) as compared to controls (68.9±13.3%), P<0.05. In addition, histopathological lesions were less severe and extensive in DEX-treated calves. These findings indicate that pharmacological modulation of pulmonary inflammation may represent an alternative approach to control this disease. Successful implementation of this strategy will require additional research to identify drug agents that target the expression of cytokines and other inflammatory mediators without compromising host immune responses.
Stability of Hydraulic Motion Control Systems

High performance hydraulic motion control systems typically consist of a two-stage spool valve which controls flow into an actuator. Feedback of load motion allows an electrical signal into the valve to control large amounts of hydraulic power. These servo-systems are well known to exhibit an instability where they sing or chirp at high frequency. This instability seems to be configuration-dependent. Here, two submodels are proposed that expose a fluid flow induced instability, and a mechanical instability. The result is parameter groupings which expose these instabilities in a fundamental way.