cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Case completeness and data accuracy in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Program of Cancer Registries.

BACKGROUND. Issues of case completeness (CC) and data quality within the National Program of Cancer Registries (NPCR)-Cancer Surveillance System (NPCR-CSS) are assessed in part by the NPCR Technical Assistance and Audit Program (NPCR-TAA). In addition, the NPCR Annual Program Evaluation Instrument (NPCR-APEI) provides information about NPCR-supported central cancer registries (CCRs). The current report includes a unique, national-level analysis of NPCR-TAA results linked with NPCR-APEI data and other covariates. METHODS. NPCR-TAA results for 34 CCRs were aggregated across diagnosis years 1998 to 2001 for analysis of average CC rates and site-specific data accuracy (DA) rates by covariates obtained from the NPCR-APEI, United States Cancer Statistics (USCS) publications, and the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries (NAACCR) Web site. Site-specific DA rates were calculated for the 13 data elements examined in the audit program. Small-sample Student t tests were used to determine statistically significant differences in covariates (α = .05). RESULTS. Overall, the average CC and DA rates were 96.4% and 95%, respectively. Both site- and data element-specific DA issues were highlighted. Higher CC and DA rates were observed for CCRs that were staffed with more certified tumor registrars, had supplementary sources reporting, and met USCS publication standards and/or achieved NAACCR certification. CONCLUSIONS. Study findings underscored the importance of CCRs having adequate, well-trained staff, procuring supplemental reporting sources, and attaining compliance with national data standards. The study results also demonstrated the overall high completeness and quality of NPCR-CSS data and provided guidance to users of the data. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Internal breakdown, mineral element concentration, and weight of mango fruit

Abstract Internal breakdown in mango fruit is a disorder often attributed to a nutrient deficiency, particularly of calcium (Ca), in the fruit. The relationship between internal breakdown in mango fruit and fruit mineral element concentrations and fresh weight was investigated. Fruit were collected weekly from a commercial orchard beginning 4 weeks after fruit set (WAFS) until the fruit were ripe. The concentrations of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), Ca, magnesium (Mg), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), and boron (B) and fresh weight of ‘Tommy Atkins’ mango fruit with and without internal breakdown were compared. Disordered fruit weighed more than healthy fruit 4 WAFS. However, when fruit were ripe there were no significant differences in fruit weight between healthy and disordered fruit. Disordered fruit contained significantly higher concentrations of N, P, Ca, and B than the healthy mango fruit, 4 WAFS. When fruit were ripe, there were no differences in N, K, Ca, Mg, Zn, M...
What is Fair: Three Perspectives

Although words like “fair” may have a common meaning, we cannot assume that people speak them or hear them in the same manner, or appreciate the impact of their implied interpretations and nuances. We describe three different perspectives – rational, emotional, and spiritual – which offer vastly different meanings of fairness. We also discuss the manner in which the different meanings they represent with respect to policies and practices are pursued by business interests within the American and international arenas.
Weak (ambient range) DC magnetic fields affect myosin phosphorylation in a cell-free preparation

Tkis paper presents the effects of weak (environmental range) DC magnetic fields (0–200 μT) on myosin light chain phosphorylation in a cell-free system. The system is Ca-calmodulin dependent, providing a well established ion-binding mechanism. The results show that small DC magnetic field variations (10 μT) are sufficient to alter the rate of myosin phosphorylation.
Summary of the 2004 Computational Fluid Dynamics Validation Workshop on Synthetic Jets

A computational-fluid-dynamics (CFD) validation workshop for synthetic jets and turbulent separation control (CFDVAL2004) was held in Williamsburg, Virginia, in March 2004. Three cases were investigated: a synthetic jet into quiescent air, a synthetic jet into a turbulent boundary-layer crossflow, and the flow over a hump model with no-flow-control, steady suction, and oscillatory control. This is a summary of the CFD results from the workshop. Although some detailed results are shown, the CFD state of the art for predicting these types of flows is mostly evaluated from a general point of view. Overall, for synthetic jets, CFD can only qualitatively predict the flow physics, but there is some uncertainty regarding how to best model the unsteady boundary conditions from the experiment consistently. As a result, there is wide variation among CFD results. For the hump flow, CFD is capable of predicting many of the particulars of this flow, provided that it accounts for tunnel blockage, but it consistently overpredicts the length of the separated region compared to the experimental results.
A cross layer routing scheme for passive RFID tag-to-tag communication

A routing protocol for Passive RFID tag-to-tag networks is not reported in contrast with routing protocols for battery powered mobile wireless ad hoc and sensor networks. In this paper, we provide a cross-layer approach for passive RFID tag-to-tag communication. In the data link layer, we designed the medium access control (MAC) protocol which is suitable for passive tag-to-tag communication. In the network layer, we developed the optimal link cost multipath routing (OLCMR) protocol by using modulation depth as the link cost. Simulation results verify that proposed routing protocol consumes less energy when it is compared to optimum link state routing (OLSR). Additionally, when compared to the single path routing, the proposed multipath routing protocol increases the delivery ratio significantly.
Anticipating the effects of accountable care organizations for inpatient surgery.

Importance Much of the enthusiasm for accountable care organizations is fueled by evidence that integrated delivery systems (IDSs) perform better on measures of quality and cost in the ambulatory care setting; however, the benefits of this model are less clear for complex hospital-based care. Objective To assess whether existing IDSs are associated with improved quality and lower costs for episodes of inpatient surgery. Design, Setting, and Patients We used national Medicare data (January 1, 2005, through November 30, 2007) to compare the quality and cost of inpatient surgery among patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting, hip replacement, back surgery, or colectomy in IDS-affiliated hospitals compared with those treated in a matched group of non–IDS-affiliated centers. Main Outcome Measures Operative mortality, postoperative complications, readmissions, and total and component surgical episode costs. Results Patients treated in IDS hospitals differed according to several characteristics, including race, admission acuity, and comorbidity. For each of the 4 procedures, adjusted rates for operative mortality, complications, and readmissions were similar for patients treated in IDS-affiliated compared with non–IDS-affiliated hospitals, with the exception that those treated in IDS-affiliated hospitals had fewer readmissions after colectomy (12.6% vs 13.5%, P = .03). Adjusted total episode payments for hip replacement were 4% lower in IDS-affiliated hospitals (P Conclusions The benefits of the IDSs observed for ambulatory care may not extend to inpatient surgery. Thus, improvements in the quality and cost-efficiency of hospital-based care may require adjuncts to current ACO programs.
Fitting low-resolution cryo-EM maps of proteins using constrained geometric simulations.

Recent experimental advances in producing density maps from cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) have challenged theorists to develop improved techniques to provide structural models that are consistent with the data and that preserve all the local stereochemistry associated with the biomolecule. We develop a new technique that maintains the local geometry and chemistry at each stage of the fitting procedure. A geometric simulation is used to drive the structure from some appropriate starting point (a nearby experimental structure or a modeled structure) toward the experimental density, via a set of small incremental motions. Structural motifs such as α-helices can be held rigid during the fitting procedure as the starting structure is brought into alignment with the experimental density. After validating this procedure on simulated data for adenylate kinase and lactoferrin, we show how cryo-EM data for two different GroEL structures can be fit using a starting x-ray crystal structure. We show that by incorporating the correct local stereochemistry in the modeling, structures can be obtained with effective resolution that is significantly higher than might be expected from the nominal cryo-EM resolution.
Contract expiration and sales price

This article represents the first empirical attempt to detect the relationship between sales price and listing (or contract) period. Specifically, we examine the relationship between sales price and contract expiration days. Our hypothesized positive relationship between sales price and contract expiration days is borne out by the results of this study. These results show that the home seller is able to exact a price premium of 0.04% per contract day that he/she is able to preserve. Alternatively stated, he/she will concede a price discount of 0.04% per day, on average, as the sales contract approaches its expiration. Simple analyses of time on the market (TOM) without controlling for listing period may yield misleading signals.
The Institute of Medicine “Chasm” report: implications for depression collaborative care models

Abstract The Institute of Medicine report “Crossing the Quality Chasm: A New Health Care System for the 21st Century” describes the barriers in the American health care system to improving quality of care and outcomes of chronic illness. This article describes how depression collaborative care models as well as newer research aimed at organizational and economic issues have addressed these barriers in order to improve outcomes for patients with depression in primary care systems.
Three distinct morphological classes of receptors in fish olfactory organs.

Three morphologically distinct classes of receptor-neurons are proposed: (1) type I ciliar cells, (2) microvillar cells and (3) type II ciliar cells. Retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase by axons in the olfactory nerve to the olfactory organs of goldfish (Carassius auratus) and channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) provided evidence that these axon-bearing cells are present in the organs of both species. Goldfish olfactory organs were also studied with scanning electron microscopy, dissociated with papain for isolated cell preparations, and processed for ultrastructural localization of acid phosphatase activity. Type I ciliar cells are similar to ciliar olfactory receptors found in all vertebrate classes. Microvillar cells are present in the olfactory organs of most fishes and in the tetrapod vomeronasal organ. In goldfish and catfish, type I ciliar and microvillar cells are concentrated on the inner third of each lamella, nearest to the median raphe. Type II ciliar cells have often been described as respiratory-type or ciliated nonsensory cells. They are structurally similar to respiratory epithelial cells in the nasal cavities of tetrapods and have motile cilia that beat synchronously, indicative of their role in mediating fluid flow over the olfactory epithelium. In goldfish they occur singly and in aggregates throughout the organ. In catfish they are segregated from type I ciliar and microvillar cells on the outer two-thirds of each lamella. In goldfish and catfish they have axons that pass through the olfactory nerve to the olfactory bulb; hence, they are receptor-neurons as well as analogous to respiratory epithelium. In addition to the three receptor types described above, cells resembling receptors with rodlike distal processes were seen filled with horseradish peroxidase and observed with scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Cells of similar structure have been documented elsewhere, often called “rod cells,” and sometimes considered a separate receptor type in fishes. In this study, a number of rodlike processes were found with their ciliar or microvillar components partially fused. High levels of acid phosphatase activity were localized to these processes, and examples were found that corresponded to each of the three receptor types. Olfactory receptor turnover is believed to persist through life. The evidence presented supports the hypothesis that fusion of their dendritic apical processes marks an early stage of receptor cell senescence.
Penetrating Keratoplasty in Children

Retrospectively studied were 91 patients, 14 years of age or less, who had 152 penetrating keratoplasties in 107 eyes, with an average follow-up of 30.1 months. Survival analysis showed the probability of obtaining a clear graft at one year to be 60 +/- 8% in 45 eyes with congenital opacities, 70 +/- 8% in 31 eyes with opacities from trauma and 73 +/- 8% in 31 eyes with acquired nontraumatic opacities. Most failures occurred during the first postoperative year and were characterized by the gradual loss of graft clarity from undetermined cause. Twenty-nine percent (10) of the 34 eyes with congenital corneal opacities in which vision could be measured had a most recent visual acuity better than 6/120 (20/400). Irreversible amblyopia, glaucoma, other structural abnormalities of the anterior segment and mental retardation complicated visual rehabilitation in the congenital group. In the post-traumatic group, vision was better than 6/120 (20/400) in 45% (13) of 29 eyes, being limited by vitreoretinal pathology, fibrous ingrowth, and optic nerve damage from glaucoma. Visual acuity in the acquired, nontraumatic group was better than 6/120 (20/400) in 67% (20) of 30 eyes. The percentage of patients achieving 6/12 (20/40) or better in the congenital, post-traumatic, and nontraumatic groups were 3% (1/34), 17% (5/29), and 47% (14/30), respectively. In the congenital group, only patients with posterior polymorphous dystrophy obtained a visual acuity of 6/30 (20/100) or better. Preoperative vascularization of the cornea, persistent epithelial defects, and performance of lensectomy-vitrectomy were factors most highly correlated with poor graft survival.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Kaonic hydrogen and helium

Coupled channels problem for kaonic hydrogen is solved using nonlocal potentials + Coulomb potential. It is applied for model and realistic problem for KH andKHe.
Locating the major glycoprotein (Po protein) in the x-ray profile of frog sciatic-nerve myelin.

Some detailed X-ray profiles have been put forward for frog sciatic-nerve myelin in the past 8 y. In this paper we interpret one of these. Much of the myelin protein is located in the extracellular half of the membrane. On the basis of a chemical analysis and other recently published data indicating the sidedness of some myelin proteins, we suggest that the major glycoprotein (Po protein) is inserted into the extracellular half of the myelin bilayer and that it extends into the extracellular space. Our interpretation is consistent with known physical properties of the Po protein. Other myelin proteins have not yet been located. Electron densities and average hydrophobicities of some myelin proteins have been calculated, as well as electron densities and scattering powers of some myelin lipids.
A lower limit on the magnitude of the companion to HDE 226868 /Cygnus X-1/

High-precision digital spectra of the HDE 226868/Cygnus X-1 system have been obtained at a variety of orbital phases, using a Digicon photon counting array at the coude focus of the Lick Shane reflector. The spectra have been cross-correlated to search for evidence for the existence of a luminous stellar companion to HDE 226868, as has been suggested by several models where the secondary star is not a black hole. We find no evidence for such a star and place a lower limit on the difference between HDE 226868 and its companion of 4 magnitudes. This limit rules out all of the models for the Cygnus X-1 system calculated by Avni and Bahcall which include main-sequence stars as secondaries rather than black holes. A merit function generally useful for cross-correlation of digital spectra is described.
Activity coefficients of adsorbed mixtures

Experimental and simulated data for adsorption of gas mixtures on energetically heterogeneous surfaces like activated carbon and zeolites exhibit negative deviations from ideality. The deviations are large in some cases, with activity coefficients at infinite dilution equal to 0.1 or less. Similar molecules form ideal mixtures, but molecules of different size or polarity are nonideal. Equations for bulk liquid mixtures (Wilson, Margules, etc.) do not apply to isobars for adsorbed mixtures. A two-constant equation for activity coefficients as a function of composition and spreading pressure is in good agreement with theory, simulation, and experiment.
Emotionally avoidant language in the parenting interviews of substance‐dependent mothers: Associations with reflective functioning, recent substance use, and parenting behavior

Parenting and emotion regulation are two known, and potentially interrelated, areas of impairment among substance-abusing mothers. In this study, we examine substance -abusing mothers’ (positive and negative) emotion language word use during their discussion of negative parenting experiences on the Parent Development Interview for its association with reflective functioning (RF), recent substance-use history, and sensitivity to child cues. Within a sample of 47 methadone-maintained mothers, we evaluate the hypothesis that linguistic evidence of emotional avoidance (more frequent positive feeling words and less frequent negative emotion words) will be associated with lower RF, more recent substance use, and more insensitive parenting. Further, we evaluate whether language use mediates the association between self-focused RF and insensitive parenting. Results of hierarchical regressions suggest that more frequent positive feeling word use, but not negative emotion word use, is associated with lower RF, more recent substance use, and lower sensitivity to child cues. Positive feeling word use partially mediates the association between self-focused RF and insensitive parenting. Results are discussed in the context of their contribution to the literature on emotion and parenting in substance-abusing populations.
Multinomial conjunctoid statistical learning machines

Multinomial Conjunctoids are supervised statistical modules that learn the relationships among binary events. The multinomial conjunctoid algorithm precludes the following problems that occur in existing feedforward multi-layered neural networks: (a) existing networks often cannot determine underlying neural architectures, for example how many hidden layers should be used, how many neurons in each hidden layer are required, and what interconnections between neurons should be made; (b) existing networks cannot avoid convergence to suboptimal solutions during the learning process; (c) existing networks require many iterations to converge, if at all, to stable states; and (d) existing networks may not be sufficiently general to reflect all learning situations. By contrast, multinomial conjunctoids are based on a well-developed statistical decision theory framework, which guarantees that learning algorithms will converge to optimal learning states as the number of learning trials increases, and that convergence during each trial will be very fast. In this paper a prototype multinomial conjunctoid circuit based on CMOS VLSI technology is described.
Poly(amidoamine) Dendrimer-Based Multifunctional Engineered Nanodevice for Cancer Therapy

Multifunctional cancer therapeutic nanodevices have been designed and synthesized using the poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimer as a carrier. Partial acetylation of the generation 5 (G5) PAMAM dendrimer was utilized to neutralize a fraction of the primary amino groups, provide enhanced solubility of the dendrimer during the conjugation reaction of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) (in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)), and prevent nonspecific targeting interactions (in vitro and in vivo) during delivery. The remaining nonacetylated primary amino groups were utilized for conjugation of the functional molecules fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC, an imaging agent), folic acid (FA, targets overexpressed folate receptors on specific cancer cells), and methotrexate (MTX, chemotherapeutic drug). The appropriate control nanodevices have been synthesized as well. The G5 PAMAM dendrimer molecular weight and number of primary amino groups were determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and potentiometric titration for stoichiometric design of ensuing conjugation reactions. Additionally, dendrimer conjugates were characterized by multiple analytical methods including GPC, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and UV spectroscopy. The fully characterized nanodevices can be used for the targeted delivery of chemotherapeutic and imaging agents to specific cancer cells. Here, we present a more extensive investigation of our previously reported synthesis of this material with improvements directed toward scale-up synthesis and clinical trials (Pharm. Res. 2002, 19 (9), 1310-1316).
Implementing a fast cartesian-polar matrix interpolator

The 2009 MEMOCODE Hardware/Software Co-Design Contest assignment was the implementation of a cartesian-to-polar matrix interpolator. We discuss our hardware and software design submissions.
Clinical Applications of Probiotics in Gastroenterology: Questions and Answers

Seven years have passed since the publication of “Probiotics, Prebiotics, and Commensal Bacteria: Perspectives and Clinical Applications in Gastroenterology” appeared in Gastroenterology Clinics of North America (2005). Since that time a vast amount of knowledge related to commensal bacteria and probiotics has been accumulated through the work of basic scientists and clinicians. The Microbiome Project commenced in 2007 and contributions worldwide have intensified the quest for knowledge regarding the role of commensal bacteria in the genesis of the immune system as well as the role of intestinal microbiota in health and disease. This issue represents a select group of outstanding national and international investigators and clinicians who provide extensive expertise and insight related to the practical applications of probiotics in a variety of clinical settings. Dr Molinaro and associates note that obesity-related disorders are associated with energy homeostasis and inflammation. Gut microbiota are involved in several host metabolic functions and may play an important role by increasing energy harvest from the diet, by regulating host metabolism, and by modulating inflammation. Experimental data suggest that manipulation of gut microbiota with prebiotics and probiotics can beneficially transiently affect adiposity and glucose metabolism. The authors analyze the potential gut microbiota–driven pathways that could represent novel targets for the treatment of obesity. Drs Saavedra and Dattilo provide significant information regarding the role of early acquisition of microbiota in the perinatal period and the development of immune function. The time of development, the microbial profile, and the diversity of this ecosystem
Classification and filtering of spectra: A case study in mineralogy

The ability to identify the mineral composition of rocks and soils is an important tool for the exploration of geological sites. Even though expert knowledge is commonly used for this task, it is desirable to create automated systems with similar or better performance. For instance, NASA intends to design robots that are sufficiently autonomous to perform this task on planetary missions. Spectrometer readings provide one important source of data for identifying sites with minerals of interest. Reflectance spectrometers measure intensities of light reflected from surfaces over a range of wavelengths. Spectral intensity patterns may in some cases be sufficiently distinctive for proper identification of minerals or classes of minerals. For some mineral classes, carbonates for example, specific short spectral intervals are known to carry a distinctive signature. Finding similar distinctive spectral ranges for other mineral classes is not an easy problem. We propose and evaluate data-driven techniques in two stages: first, evaluating algorithms to identify which components are probably present in a given rock; second, trying to improve this classification by automatically searching for spectral ranges optimized for specific classes of minerals. In one set of studies, we partition the whole interval of wavelengths available in our data into sub-intervals, or bins, and use a genetic algorithm to evaluate a candidate selection of subintervals. As an alternative to these computationally expensive search techniques, we present an entropy-based heuristic that gives higher scores for wavelengths more likely to distinguish between classes. Results are presented for four different classes, showing reasonable improvements in identifying some, but not all, of the mineral classes tested.
Detection of RNA of Mumps Virus during an Outbreak in a Population with a High Level of Measles, Mumps, and Rubella Vaccine Coverage

The duration of mumps virus RNA detection was studied during a mumps outbreak in a highly vaccinated university population. Seven of the eight reverse transcription-PCR-positive specimens were collected during the first 3 days of parotitis, suggesting that viral shedding is minimal after the first 3 days of symptoms.
The Dichotomy Theorem for evolution bi-families

We prove that the operator G, the closure of the rst-order dierential operator d=dt + D(t) on L2(R;X), is Fredholm if and only if the not well-posed equation u 0 (t) = D(t)u(t), t 2 R, has exponential dichotomies on R+ and R and the ranges of the dichotomy projections form a Fredholm pair; moreover, the index of this pair is equal to the Fredholm index of G. Here X is a Hilbert space, D(t) = A+B(t), A is the generator of a bi-semigroup, B( ) is a bounded piecewise strongly continuous operator valued function. Also, we prove some perturbations results and consider various examples of not well-posed problems.
Conventions and Notation

R N denotes Euclidean N-space; R = R1; R+ is the half line \( \left( {0,\infty } \right);\bar R^ + \) is the extended half-line \( \left[ {0, + \infty } \right];\bar R \) is the extended line \( \left[ { - \infty , + \infty } \right]. \) The extended half-lines and lines can be metrized by giving them the metric of their images under the transformation s′ = arctan s.
Integrated analysis of demand-side programs

A case study of residential appliance efficiency standards in the Nevada Power Company service territory is used to illustrate an integrated method for evaluating the load shape and economic impacts of demand side utility programs. The method consists of four models developed at the Lawrence Berkeley Labs: a residential energy demand model, the DOE-2 building energy analysis model, a residential hourly load and peak demand model, and a utility financial impact model. Load impacts are modeled from the bottom up with end-use energy and hourly demand models. Benefits are calculated with the aid of a production cost model and methods adapted from avoided cost offers to cogenerators and small power producers. The analysis of avoided production costs explicitly considers perturbations in future supply plans resulting from demand-side load modifications. Utility and social costs are compared to the benefits of appliance standards. >
The Costs of Reform: Consequences of Limiting Legislative Terms of Service

The purpose of this research is to discern more explicitly how electoral reforms that limit terms of service impact on intra-party competition and campaign expenditures in US state legislative cont...
Tetanus and atelectasis of the lung due to aspiration of garden soil in a boy of 17 months.

Summary A report is given of a case of tetanus and complete atelectasis of one lung due to aspiration of garden soil in a boy 17 months old. The atelectasis subsided spontaneously after having persisted for at least 18 days. The tetanus was cured. It is emphasized that a number of cases of tetanus in childhood make their appearance without any noticeable external injury, and that this fact ought to be looked upon as an additional argument in favor of general employment of vaccination against this disease.
Emphysematous cystitis: a case report and review of the literature

ARTICLE INFO The diagnosis of emphysematous cystitis is made when gas is visualized within the bladder wall on radiologic or ultrasound imaging and typically develops as a complication of lower urinary tract infection from gas forming bacteria. Its presentation varies from being asymptomatic to severe abdominal pain and requires a high index of suspicion in susceptible individuals to make the diagnosis and avoid potentially serious complications. Here we present a case of emphysematous cystitis along with a brief review of the literature.
Optical properties of indium tin oxide and fluorine-doped tin oxide surfaces: correlation of reflectivity, skin depth, and plasmon frequency with conductivity

Variable angle reflectance FTIR was used to investigate the reflectance of thin films of either indium tin oxide (ITO) or fluorine-doped tin oxide (SFO) on glass substrates in the mid-IR. The reflectance was observed to depend on the incident angle, wavenumber, and the polarization used. The Drude model and the Fresnel equations for reflection at a single dielectric boundary were used to interpret these results in terms of the conductivity, reflectivity, skin depth, and plasmon frequency of the metal oxides. The skin depth of thin film ITO electrodes was found to depend on the sheet resistance linearly, while the reflectance varied according to the square root of the sheet resistance. The method shows that an optical probe can be used to determine the electrical properties of metal oxide films in a noninvasive approach.
Just how bad are our theories? A response to Ghoshal

This article comments on a paper by Sumantra Ghoshal published in this issue of Academy of Management Learning & Education which argues that academic research related to the conduct of business and...
A Framework Convention for Nanotechnology? A Policy Review

Profs. Kenneth Abbott, Gary Marchant, and Douglas Sylvester argue that regulation of nanotechnology should be flexible and adaptive; innovative; international; and official. In order to meet these requirements, the authors call for negotiation of an international framework convention on nanotechnology as soon as possible. In response, Lynn Bergeson appreciates the inherent logic and appeal of their proposal, but questions whether the timing is right for the necessary parties to undertake the concerted effort needed to create such a convention. Similarly, David Rejeski applauds the idea, but wonders whether competitive pressures and government inaction leave any room for negotiation of such a convention or whether dramatic developments will be necessary to prompt action. On the other hand, Brent Blackwelder believes that the risks posed by nanotechnology are so great that there is no time to negotiate a convention and that a moratorium on nanotechnology should precede any other regulatory efforts.
Wischnitzer's Residency Manual: Responding to Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM)

Overview A major study published in the New England Journal of Medicine ( NEJM ) reported that over the last decade, Americans were spending billions of dollars annually on alternative medical therapies. These expenditures occur as a consequence of more than half a million annual office visits to alternative health care providers. More than 40% of Americans utilized the services of an alternative or complementary medical practitioner over the course of a recent single year. The traditional medical establishment has for a long time been not fully aware of the extent to which people in need of medical assistance have been seeking help to treat their ailments elsewhere, such as from acupuncturists, herbalists, neuropaths, homeopaths, and many other healers. The impact of the demand for nontraditional healing approaches is clearly evident in the mass marketing over the radio and other outlets of goods and services that claim to successfully treat a host of medical conditions, both minor and major. Some even strongly imply the potential of slowing down the aging process and thereby extending life. A disturbing consequence of this situation is reflected in the aphorism being popularized, “Take charge of your health,” with its clear implication of calling for self-diagnosis and self-treatment. This approach emphasizes the need for the patient to be proactive rather than relying solely on their physician for maintaining good health. The attraction of CAM is not primarily generated by the professionals in the field.
Review of Xiaoqun Xu, Trial of Modernity: Judicial Reform in Early Twentieth-Century China, 1901-37

Review of Xiaoqun Xu's "Trial of Modernity: Judicial Reform in Early Twentieth-Century China, 1901-37" (Stanford University Press, 2008) and discussion of relationships between late Qing, early Republican judicial reform and 21st century judicial reform discourse in the PRC.
Bounds on the complex permittivity of polycrystalline materials by analytic continuation.

An analytic continuation method for obtaining rigorous bounds on the effective complex permittivity e * of polycrystalline composite materials is developed. It is assumed that the composite consists of many identical anisotropic crystals, each with a unique orientation. The key step in obtaining the bounds involves deriving an integral representation for e *, which separates parameter information from geometrical information. Forward bounds are then found using knowledge of the single crystal permittivity tensor and mean crystal orientation. Inverse bounds are also developed, which recover information about the mean crystal orientation from e *. We apply the polycrystalline bounds to sea ice, a critical component of the climate system. Different ice types, which result from different growth conditions, have different crystal orientation and size statistics. These characteristics significantly influence the fluid transport properties of sea ice, which control many geophysical and biogeochemical processes important to the climate and polar ecosystems. Using a two-scale homogenization scheme, where the single crystal tensor is numerically computed, forward bounds for sea ice are obtained and are in excellent agreement with columnar sea ice data. Furthermore, the inverse bounds are also applied to sea ice, helping to lay the groundwork for determining ice type using remote sensing techniques.
Analysis of the results of HIV surveillance in Leye county from 2003 to 2011

Objective To understand the epidemic features and trends of AIDS in Leye county and provide scientific basis for prevention and therapy of AIDS.Methods Population distribution,time distribution,regional distribution and transmission distribution of data obtained from HIV/AIDS epidemic report system of Leye from 2003 to 2011 as well as epidemiological follow-up data were analyzed.Results 38 cases of HIV-infected were found from 2003 to 2011 in Leye county,accounting for 0.24‰ of total population year in Leye in 2011,14 AIDS patients,including 10 deaths.HIV-positive people were mostly young and middle-aged migrant workers.Sexual transmission was the chief means of AIDS.Conclusion HIV infection in Leye came to rapid growth period.Surveillance should be strengthen continually and effective intervening measures such as health education-based behavioral interventions should be taken,in order to restrain the epidemic of AIDS in Leye county.
Status and Future Prospects for γ-ray Polarimetry

The recent detection of linear polarization from GRB120206 has piqued the interest of the community in this relatively unexplored avenue of research. Here, we review the current status and prospects for GRB polarimetry at hard X-ray and soft γ -ray energies. After reviewing the most recent results, we present a brief survey of current and planned experiments that are capable of making GRB polarization measurements in the energy range between 30 keV and 30 MeV.
BioTapestry: A Tool to Visualize the Dynamic Properties of Gene Regulatory Networks

BioTapestry is an open source, freely available software tool that has been developed to handle the -challenges of modeling genetic regulatory networks (GRNs). Using BioTapestry, a researcher can -construct a network model and use it to visualize and understand the dynamic behavior of a complex, spatially and temporally distributed GRN. Here we provide a step-by-step example of a way to use BioTapestry to build a GRN model and discuss some common issues that can arise during this process.
Role of food and aeroallergen sensitization in eosinophilic esophagitis in adults.

Abstract Background Evaluation of IgE-mediated food sensitivity is frequently performed for patients with eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE). However, the clinical relevance of identifying IgE-mediated sensitivity to foods in adults is unclear. Objective To determine whether EoE associated with food or aeroallergen sensitivity represents a phenotype of EoE with distinct clinical or biological features. Methods A medical record review identified 257 patients with a diagnosis of EoE evaluated in the adult allergy clinic at the University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics from 2008 to 2013. Patient records were reviewed to capture measures of disease severity, endoscopy results, pathology reports, allergy testing, medical management and patient-reported outcomes. Results Evaluation of food sensitization with skin prick testing and/or serum IgE was performed for 93% of patients. Sensitization to at least 1 food was identified in 54% of patients who were more likely to report concomitant asthma, allergic rhinitis, eczema, and/or food allergy compared with nonfood sensitive patients. Aeroallergen sensitivity was identified in 87% of patients tested. Clinical characteristics, including EoE symptoms, disease severity, endoscopic findings, peripheral eosinophilia, and patient-reported outcomes, did not differ between food sensitive and non–food sensitive patients. However, on endoscopy, aeroallergen sensitive patients were more likely to have strictures and less likely to exhibit felinization compared with non–aeroallergen sensitized patients. Conclusion Adults with EoE and IgE-mediated food sensitivity are not phenotypically different than non–food sensitive patients. There is no clear clinical utility in identifying food sensitivity in adults with EoE. Further studies are needed to determine whether aeroallergen sensitivity represents a distinct phenotype of EoE.
Multicast routing in bus-based computer networks

The authors address multicast routing of integrated voice, video, and messages in bus-based computer networks, particularly in grids of buses. Graph theoretical formulations of the multicast routing problem are presented and an algorithm is given that produces optimal multicast routes in grids of buses. The performance of this algorithm is compared with that of heuristic algorithms. Finally, the bilevel grid, a hierarchical grid topology, is described, and an algorithm is given that produces optimal multicast routes in such networks. >
Respect the Septal Perforator: Septal Artery Perforation During CTO PCI Resulting in Massive Interventricular Septal Hematoma and Biventricular Cardiac Obstructive Shock

A 70-year-old man with debilitating refractory angina underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of a right coronary artery chronic total occlusion (CTO). Previous echocardiogram showed normal biventricular function with interventricular septum (IVS) diameter = 1.0 cm. Through a
The homologous blood syndrome. IV. Effects of autologous and homologous plasma, saline and heartworm-free homologous blood.

Abstract 1. 1. The homologous blood syndrome occurs in the absence of heartworms, having been demonstrated in 11 of 15 dogs undergoing constant volume exchange of homologous blood (100 ml./kg.) devoid of D. immitis microfilariae and adult worms. 2. 2. Neither buffering nor high carbon dioxide tension prevented the development of severe hypotension and metabolic acidosis during exchange of saline (100 ml./kg.) in ten experiments. 3. 3. Constant volume exchange (100 ml./kg.) of stored dialyzed autologous plasma caused no severe hypotension, acidosis, nor demonstrable allergic reactions. Homologous plasma resulted in an unpredictable occurrence of severe hypotension and intense urticaria during the exchange infusions. 4. 4. The data suggest that continuing studies with autologous plasma may provide insight into the development of a better perfusate for extracorporeal circulation. The significance of the hypotensive and allergic reactions with homologous plasma requires further investigation.
A Large-Scale Study of Surrogate Physicality and Gesturing on Human–Surrogate Interactions in a Public Space

Technological human surrogates, including robotic and virtual humans, have been popularly used in various scenarios including training, education, and entertainment. Prior research has investigated the effects of the surrogate’s physicality and gesturing in human perceptions and social influence of the surrogate. However, those studies have been carried out in research laboratories, where the participants were aware it was an experiment, and the participant demographics are typically relatively narrow—e.g., college students. In this paper, we describe and share results from a large-scale exploratory user study involving 7685 people in a public space, where they were unaware of the experimental nature of the setting, to investigate the effects of surrogate physicality and gesturing on their behavior during human–surrogate interactions. We evaluate human behaviors using several variables, such as proactivity and reactivity, and proximity. We have identified several interesting phenomena that could lead to hypotheses developed as part of future hypothesis-based studies. Based on the measurements of the variables, we believe people are more likely to be engaged in a human–surrogate interaction when the surrogate is physically present, but movements and gesturing with its body parts have not shown the expected benefits for the interaction engagement. Regarding the demographics of the people in the study, we found higher overall engagement for females than males, and higher reactivity for younger than older people. We discuss implications for practitioners aiming to design a technological surrogate that will directly interact with real humans.
Trunnionosis in Total Hip Arthroplasty.

The etiology of clinically relevant trunnion corrosion remains to be fully understood, but appears to be multifactorial with synergy among implant-based, surgeon-based, and patient-based factors.Trunnion corrosion causing an adverse local tissue reaction (ALTR) typically manifests as delayed onset o
The virulence and immune protection of Edwardsiella ictaluri HemR mutants in catfish.

Abstract Edwardsiella ictaluri is a Gram-negative facultative intracellular rod, causing enteric septicemia of catfish (ESC). Several heme uptake systems have been described in bacterial pathogens, most of which involve outer membrane proteins (OMPs). We have shown recently that heme/hemoglobin receptor family protein (HemR) is significantly up-regulated in E. ictaluri under iron-restricted conditions. In this work, our goal was to construct E. ictaluri HemR mutants and assess their virulence and immune protection potentials in catfish. To accomplish this, an in-frame deletion mutant (EiΔhemR) was constructed, and its virulence and immune protection were determined in catfish fingerlings and fry. The results indicated that the EiΔhemR was attenuated completely in catfish fingerlings, but it was virulent in 14 day-old catfish fry. To increase the attenuation of EiΔhemR in fry, we introduced frdA and sdhC gene deletions to the mutant, yielding two double (EiΔhemRΔfrdA and EiΔhemRΔsdhC) and one triple (EiΔhemRΔfrdAΔsdhC) mutants. Results indicated that two double HemR mutants did not exhibit increased attenuation, but the triple HemR mutant showed significantly less virulence and high protection in fry (p
Can we detect a Chiral-Magnetically-driven charge separation difference in collisions of the $\mathrm{^{96}_{44}Ru +\, ^{96}_{44}Ru}$ and $\mathrm{^{96}_{40}Zr +\, ^{96}_{40}Zr}$ isobars at RHIC?

Anomalous Viscous Fluid Dynamics (AVFD) model calculations for of $\mathrm{^{96}_{44}Ru +\, ^{96}_{44}Ru}$ and $\mathrm{^{96}_{40}Zr +\, ^{96}_{40}Zr}$ collisions ($\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}$ GeV) are used in concert with a charge-sensitive correlator, to test its ability to detect and characterize the charge separation difference expected from the Chiral Magnetic Effect (CME) in these isobaric collisions. The tests indicate a larger charge separation for $\mathrm{^{96}_{44}Ru +\, ^{96}_{44}Ru}$ than for $\mathrm{^{96}_{40}Zr +\, ^{96}_{40}Zr}$ collisions, and a discernible CME-driven difference of $\sim 10$\% in the presence of realistic non-CME backgrounds. They also indicate a strategy for evaluating the relative influence of the background correlations, present for each isobar. These results suggest that charge separation measurements for these isobaric species could serve to further constrain unambiguous identification and characterization of the CME in upcoming measurements at RHIC.
Muscle-sparing Axillary Thoracotomy

The standard posterolateral thoracotomy provides excellent exposure to the chest and has traditionally been the incision of choice for major intrathoracic operations. However, this approach comes at the cost of muscle-splitting, with significant postoperative pain and impairment in function, particularly in elderly patients. Consequently, muscle-sparing approaches have been met with enthusiasm due to improvements in postoperative pain, morbidity, and cosmesis. Although concerns regarding exposure initially limited the use of this incision, advances in technology and experience have led to more widespread use of the muscle-sparing approach. Today, the muscle-sparing thoracotomy is the incision of choice for many surgeons, as it can be used as an adjunct to video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery and has successfully been employed in complex thoracic procedures.