cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
On Management Science Process

With the designation of the new logo shown above, a new column is instituted which will hopefully become a permanent and central part of the Interfaces journal and mission. The objective of the column is a modest one of revolutionizing the study and practice of management science. I believe we can attain this objective only through the combined efforts of both practitioners and theoreticans, not exactly a novel idea. I hope, however, to use the column as a vehicle for uniting the practitioner and the scholar in a novel endeavor aimed at exploring and refining those steps deemed necessary for successful implementation of management science efforts, and then logically combining those steps into something called management science process. In this paper I will attempt to explain the concept of this proposed endeavor, give some examples of results that can be expected from the effort and, hopefully, convince the reader to contribute ideas, suggestions and articles for the column.
Oxalate Bridged MM Quadruply Bonded Oligomers: Considerations of Electronic Structure and Synthetic Strategies

The electronic structures of oxalate bridged oligomers of MM quadruply bonded complexes (M = Mo or W) have been calculated by density functional theory. The calculations predict the formation of a δ band width ~1.0 eV. With increasing number of oxalate bridges, the metal-to-ligand (oxalate) charge transfer band moves to lower energy. Two synthetic approaches have been investigated. (1) The direct reaction between oxalic acid and the homoleptic compound M2(T i PB)4, where T i PB = 2,4,6-triisopropylbenzoate and (2) the metathetic reaction between the herein reported salt Mo2(T i PB)2(CH3CN)4(BF4)2 and ( n Bu4N+)2(oxalate2−). Neither reaction yielded the desired oligomers though the latter resulted in the formation of the molecular triangle [Mo2(T i PB)2(O2CCO2)]3.
Enhanced parasitization of platelets by plasmodium berghei yoelii

Abstract In previous studies plasmodia have been found by electron microscopy within human platelets naturally infected with Plasmodium vivax and within platelets of mice infected intraperitoneally with P. berghei . In both situations the number of parasitized platelets was low. An enhancement of platelet parasitization was attempted in order to study in greater detail the mechanisms and implications of such a phenomenon. Various in vitro incubation mixtures of normal mouse platelets and free merozoites of the 17X strain of P. berghei yoelii failed to produce any recognizable parasitization of platelets. In vivo , however, large numbers of invaded platelets were obtained by the use of massive intraperitoneal inocula of plasmodia (5 × 10 8 infected erythrocytes). By the 5th day of infection the proportion of parasitized platelets was 13·2 times higher in the animals receiving the large dose than in those receiving the regular passage inoculum (6 × 10 6 infected erythrocytes). Ultrastructural study of 266 intrathrombocytic parasites over eight days of infection failed to show schizogonic maturation beyond the trophozoite state.
Pressurized liquid extraction of flavonoids from spinach.

Pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) using water and a 70:30 mixture of ethanol and water over the temperature range of 50 to 190 degrees C was used to extract flavonoids from dried spinach. The total phenolic content, antioxidant capacity, color, and browning indices of the extracts were also evaluated. PLE using a 70:30 mixture of ethanol and water was more effective than water in extracting flavonoids from spinach. Flavonoids were effectively extracted over the temperature band of 50 to 130 degrees C with water and 50 to 150 degrees C with ethanolic solvent. Levels of total phenolics and ORAC values increased with increasing extraction temperature, indicating that flavonoids were minor contributors to antioxidant capacity at elevated extraction temperatures. Browning of ethanolic extracts correlated highly with ORAC values over the temperature range of 50 to 190 degrees C, and the ORAC values of the large molecular weight fraction (> 1000 Da) increased linearly over the temperature range, indicating that Maillard polymers were the major contributors to antioxidant capacity. The results illustrate that PLE temperatures of 170 degrees C) extraction to generate antioxidant-rich moieties.
Narrow Lorentzian linewidths in 980 nm strained-quantum-well lasers

Lorentzian frequency linewidths as narrow as 200 kHz have been measured in strained-layer InGaAs quantum-well Fabry-Perot ridge-waveguide lasers emitting at 980 nm. The contribution of 1/f frequency noise is evaluated by both spectral lineshape deconvolution and measurement of the frequency-noise spectrum.
Calcium Polysulfide Overdose: A Report of Two Cases

AbstractBackground: Calcium polysulfide or lime-sulfur solution is a common agricultural product used as a fungicide. Despite its easy availability, only two prior cases of intentional ingestion, both from Japan, have been reported in the literature. Case Reports: Two cases of calcium polysulfide ingestion are presented. In the first case severe acidosis, coma and cardiac arrest occurred. Despite aggressive supportive therapy, the patient expired. Autopsy examination revealed hemorrhagic necrosis of the gastric mucosa. The second patient also exhibited altered mental status and metabolic acidosis. He experienced liver dysfunction, rhabdomyolysis, renal dysfunction, and aspiration pneumonia. He had endoscopically proven esophageal and gastric mucosal burns which developed into esophageal strictures. Conclusions: Calcium polysulfide ingestions cause direct caustic injury to the upper gastrointestinal tract, coma and severe metabolic acidosis
Preparation of mitochondrial membrane proteins fromNeurospora crassa: prevention of lipid autoxidation damage by an antioxidant

Abstract Lipid autoxidation products, such as malonaldehyde, react with proteins, cross-linking them and decreasing their solubility. These reactions are of practical importance in experiments with membranes where lipids and proteins are closely associated. When no precautions against lipid autoxidation were taken, both aged and freshly prepared mitochondrial membrane proteins fromNeurospora crassa contained 1-amino-3-iminopropene groups formed by reaction of protein amino groups with malonaldehyde. This conclusion was derived by analysis of fluorescence emission, fluorescence polarization, the effect of porohydride reduction upon the fluorescence, and qualitative and quantitative determination of malonaldehyde with 4,4′-sulfonyldianiline after hydrolysis of the proteins. The efficiency of antioxidants in the prevention of lipid autoxidation and consequent modification of protein was tested in a model system consisting of an aerated, aqueous solution of albumin, and methyl linolenate. The antioxidant, 3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylalcohol, a sterically hindered phenol, appeared to be highly efficient in either the model system or in the isolation of membrane proteins. Mitochondrial membrane proteins, prepared in parallel procedure in the presence and absence of this antioxidant, differed in malonaldehyde concentration, iminopropene fluorescence and electrophoretic mobility. Several unusual properties of aged membrane proteins, such as low solubility, resistance to trypsin hydrolysis, and changes in isoelectric points and electrophoretic mobilities can be explained as consequences of lipid autoxidation processes. We suggest that antioxidants, such as sterically hindered phenols, be employed in the preparation and storage of proteins from membranes or other systems containing large amounts of lipids or unsaturated fatty acids in order to prevent artifactual modification of the proteins by lipid autoxidation products.
Correlated Atomic Resolution Microscopy and Spectroscopy Studies of Sn(Sb)O2 Nanophase Catalysts

Abstract A series of antimony-doped tin oxide (ATO), Sn(Sb)O 2 , nanophase catalysts (containing 43 mol% Sb calcined at temperatures of 250, 600, and 1000°C, respectively) have been studied by correlated electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) and Z -contrast imaging in a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) and by high-resolution electron microscopy (HREM). As reference materials, pure SnO 2 , Sb 2 O 3 , and Sb 2 O 5 are also analyzed. Results show that the particle size of these ATO catalysts increases with the calcination temperature. At low calcination temperatures, the catalyst contains crystalline nanoparticles surrounded by amorphous material, while the nanoparticles become well crystallized when calcined at higher temperatures. EEL spectra acquired from these ATO catalysts are qualitatively interpreted using ‘fingerprints’ from the reference materials. Results suggest that at low calcination temperatures (250°C), Sb exists in the pentavalent state Sb (V) either incorporated into the SnO 2 lattice or as an amorphous layer surrounding the SnO 2 crystals. At higher temperatures (≥600°C), Sb segregation occurs as trivalent Sb (III) at the surface and Sb (V) in the core of the majority of the nanoparticles. However, it should be noted that nearly no Sb was detected in some particles. The surface Sb (III) ions are proposed as active sites in the ATO catalysts.
Embedded atom method calculations of vibrational thermodynamic properties of ordered and disordered Ni3Al

Abstract Recent work had suggested that vibrational effects can play a significant role in determining alloy phase equilibria. In order to better understand these effects, we investigate the vibrational properties of disordered and ordered Ni3Al using the embedded atom method and calculate vibrational thermodynamic quantities within the quasi-harmonic approximation. The vibrational entropy is found to be strongly dependent on volume. For fully relaxed structures the dependence on lattice decoration of the vibrational entropy is compared to that suggested by recent experimental results.
The metabolism of cysteine sulfinic acid in Escherichia coli

Abstract The formation of H 2 S from cysteine sulfinic acid has been studied in cell-free preparations of Escherichia coli . The pathway may be reconstituted by the combination of two soluble protein fractions. The first fraction catalyzes the release of sulfite from the sulfinic acid. A glutamic—oxaloacetic transaminase is the only recognized enzyme in this segment of the pathway, and β-sulfinylpyruvate is presumed to be an intermediate. The second fraction catalyzes the reduction of inorganic sulfite to sulfide with TPNH as the reducing agent. This combination of enzymes represents the sole pathway for cysteine sulfinic acid metabolism in this organism.
The dynamics of jovian white ovals from formation to merger

Abstract In early 1998 two of the three, long-lived anticyclonic, jovian white ovals merged. In 2000 the two remaining white ovals merged into one. Here we examine that behavior, as well as the dynamics of three earlier epochs: the Formation Epoch (1939–1941), during which a nearly axisymmetric band broke apart to form the vortices; the Karman Vortex Street Epoch (1941–1994), during which the white ovals made up the southern half of two rows of vortices, and their locations oscillated in longitude such that the white ovals often closely approached each other but did not merge; and the Pre-merger Epoch (1994–1997), during which the three white ovals traveled together with intervening cyclones from the northern row of the Karman vortex street in a closely spaced group with little longitudinal oscillation. We use a quasi-geostrophic model and large-scale numerical simulation to explain the dynamics. Our models and simulations are consistent with the observations, but none of the observed behavior is even qualitatively possible without assuming that there are long-lived, coherent cyclones longitudinally interspersed with the white ovals. Without them, the white ovals approach each other and merge on a fast, advective timescale (4 months). A necessary ingredient that allows the vortices to travel together in a small packet without spreading apart is that the strong, eastward-flowing jetstream south of the white ovals is coincident with a sharp gradient in background potential vorticity. The jet forms a Rossby wave and a trough of the wave traps the white ovals. In our simulations, the three white ovals were trapped before they merged. Without being trapped, the amount of energy needed to perturb two white ovals so that they merge exceeds the atmosphere’s turbulent energy (which corresponds to velocities of ∼1 m s−1) by a factor of ∼100. The mergers of the white ovals BC and DE were not observed directly, so there is ambiguity in labeling the surviving vortices and identifying which vortices might have exchanged locations. The simulation and modeling make the identifications clear. They also predict the fate of the surviving white oval and of the other prominent jovian vortex chains.
Quantifying Irreversible Information Loss in Digital Circuits

Heat generation limits the performance of state-of-the-art integrated circuits, originating from the wasteful static CMOS operating principle. Near-term solutions like adiabatic charging for energy recovery and limiting friction-type heat sources provide considerable improvement. However, these methods do not address the ultimate thermodynamic necessity to expel energy related to information loss in the computing process. In emerging beyond-CMOS technologies, this bit erasure heat alone can overwhelm the cooling capacity and set the limits of the computing performance. Therefore, logical information loss is becoming an important factor for digital circuit design, and tools have to be developed for analysis and optimization. This article presents a framework for estimating the amount of information loss in complex logic circuits, demonstrating the method by modeling the irreversible bit erasures in a standard binary adder structure. Binary addition is one of the most often used and highly optimized digital designs, and we estimate the erasure bounds for components on various levels of design abstraction, showing that the actual logic gate implementations have orders of magnitude higher loss than the addition operation itself would require. The method and the results can be used to optimize circuits for a higher degree of logical reversibility and energy conservation.
Excitation of Atomic Hydrogen to the n = 2 States by 15-200-keV Protons

Cross sections for the process ${\mathrm{H}}^{+}$ + H \ensuremath{\rightarrow} ${\mathrm{H}}^{+}$ + H* ($n=2$) are determined from the energy-loss spectra of 15-200-keV protons. After normalization at 200 keV to the Born approximation, the maximum value (1.07 \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}16}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ at 60 keV) lies below close-coupling calculations and above Glauber-approximation calculations. The agreement with low-energy (5-30-keV) data of others is very good.
Soluble extracts from larval Ostertagia ostertagi modulating immune function

Abstract Soluble extracts from larval Ostertagia ostertagi modulating immune function. International Journal for Parasitology 19 : 57–61. BALB/c mice were immunized with Ostertagia ostertagi antigens and keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) or sheep erythrocytes (SR) for evaluation of antibody production by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or modified Jerne plaque assay. One semi-purified larval antigen caused both decreased anti-KLH serum antibody levels and fewer anti-SR IgM-secreting B cells. This antigen was shown to depress lymphocyte blastogenesis to Concanavalin A when added to cultured BALB/c splenic lymphocytes.
FACTORIZATION OF THE RESIDUES OF REGGE POLES

A proof of the factorizability of the residues of Regge poles, valid for a many-channel potential scattering problem, is given. Unitarity and certain other plausible assumptions about the S matrix allow the proof to be extended to the relativistic S-matrix theory. (auth)
Determination of the three-dimensional structure of oligosaccharides in the solid state from experimental 13C NMR data and ab initio chemical shift surfaces.

Abstract A novel method for the determination of the three-dimensional (3D) structure of oligosaccharides in the solid state using experimental 13 C NMR data is presented. The approach employs this information, combined with 13 C chemical shift surfaces (CSSs) for the glycosidic bond carbons in the generation of NMR pseudopotential energy functions suitable for use as constraints in molecular modeling simulations. Application of the method to trehalose, cellobiose, and cellotetraose produces 3D models that agree remarkably well with the reported X-ray structures, with ϕ and ψ dihedral angles that are within 10° from the ones observed in the crystals. The usefulness of the approach is further demonstrated in the determination of the 3D structure of the cellohexaose, an hexasaccharide for which no X-ray data has been reported, as well as in the generation of accurate structural models for cellulose II and amylose V 6 .
ON THE DETERMINATION ARGUMENT AGAINST DEFLATIONISM

: It is argued that the “Determination Argument” against deflationary theories of truth put forward by Bar-On, Horisk and Lycan depends on a confusion between the terms used in a definition or analysis and the terms used in claiming that the definition or analysis is correct. With this distinction understood, one can see that the argument poses no threat to deflationary theories of truth.
Real Time Optical Processing Of Frequency Hopped Spread Spectrum Signal

This paper is an experimental investigation of the performance of a real-time spread spectrum optical signal processor. The technique developed here is used to detect large time bandwidth product spread spectrum signals transmitted by the frequency hopping method and can yield self bit synchronization. This real-time optical system can generate the two dimensional correlation distribution between the reference data and the input data at the output plane of the processor. The conversion of the spread spectrum data from the time domain to the space domain is performed by acousto-optic Bragg cells and charged coupled devices. The two dimensional correlation between the input data and the reference data is obtained by joint transform correlation. The spread spectrum processor consists of a real-time optical correlator. Experimental results obtained by the real-time spread spectrum optical processor for various frequency hopped signals are presented. Various methods of converting the time data to two dimensional code patterns are described.
Covictims of Capital Murder: Statements of Victims' Family Members and Friends Made at the Time of Execution

The death penalty is often touted as a punishment providing the only way to truly serve justice and offer closure for covictims (defined as family members or friends of murder victims'). These rationales are rarely structured around the actual words of these individuals, however. The findings in this study suggest that such rhetoric oversimplifies and often misrepresents the experiences and perspectives of covictims. Through their own words, we learn that the death penalty is not always the soothing salve for the pain and suffering of covictims we wish it to be. Rather, we find much more ambivalence and complexity in the statements of covictims. The impact of the death penalty and executions on covictims and their ability to attain healing and closure is not so clear cut. By presenting the actual words of capital murder covictims at the time of execution, this inductive, exploratory study provides a novel glimpse at the perspectives of these individuals and their perception of the death penalty process.
Motor vehicle fatalities among oil and gas extraction workers

Abstract Motor vehicle crashes are the leading cause of work-related fatality in the U.S. as well as in the oil and gas extraction industry. This study describes the characteristics of motor vehicle-related fatalities in the oil and gas extraction industry using data from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics’ Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries. It compares the risk of dying in a motor vehicle crash in this industry to other major industries and among different types and sizes of oil and gas extraction companies. There were 202 oil and gas extraction workers who died in a work-related motor vehicle crash from 2003 to 2009. The motor vehicle fatality rate for workers in this industry was 8.5 times that of all private wage and salary workers (7.6 vs. 0.9, p n = 104, 51.5%). Safety belt non-use was identified in 38.1% ( n = 77) of the cases. Increased focus on motor vehicle safety in this industry is needed, in particular among small establishments. Extraction workers who drive light duty vehicles need to be a specific focus.
Effects of nitrocompounds and feedstuffs on in vitro methane production in chicken cecal contents and rumen fluid

Short-chain volatile fatty acids (VFA) and methane are the products from a wide variety of microorganisms living in the gastrointestinal tract. The objective of this study was to examine effects of feedstuff and select nitro compounds on VFA and methane production during in vitro incubation of laying hen cecal contents and rumen fluid from cattle and sheep. In the first experiment, one of the three nitro compound was added to incubations containing cecal contents from laying hens supplemented with either alfalfa (AF) or layer feed (LF). Both feed material influenced VFA production and acetic acid was the primary component. Incubations with nitro ethanol and 2-nitropropanol (NP) had significantly (P<0.05) higher propionate concentrations than incubations with added nitroethane (NE). The results further indicated that incubations containing LF produced significantly (P<0.05) more butyrate than incubations with added AF. Addition of NP and LF to incubations of avian cecal flora may promote Gram-positive, saccharolytic, VFA-producing bacteria, especially Clostridium spp. which is the predominant group in ceca. Similar to VFA production, both feed materials fostered methane production in the incubations although methane was lower (P<0.05) in incubations with added nitro compound, particularly NE. In experiments 3-8, NE was examined in incubations of bovine or ovine rumen fluid or cecal contents containing either AF or LF. Unlike cecal contents, LF significantly (P<0.05) supported in vitro methane production in incubations of both rumen fluids. The results show that NE impedes methane production, especially in incubations of chicken cecal contents.
Teaching Middle School Students with Learning Disabilities to Recruit Peer Assistance During Cooperative Learning Group Activities

Four 8th graders with learning disabilities were taught to recruit assistance from peers during cooperative learning activities in two general education classrooms. The students were taught to show their work to a peer and make statements such as:“Can you help me?” or “How am I doing so far?” Training was conducted in the special education classroom and consisted of modeling, role playing, corrective feedback, and praise. A multiple baseline across students design showed that recruitment training increased (1) the rate of recruiting responses by the students, (2) the rate at which the students received instructional feedback and praise from peers, and (3) the productivity and accuracy with which the students completed their language arts assignments.
Critical interaction time between estrogen and uterine tissue indicated by cortisol inhibition and inhibition release.

SummaryThe effects of time of administration of cortisol, an estrogen antagonist, on estrogen-induced edema production and cell division were studied in uteri of ovariectomized rats. The adrenocortical hormone depressed or prevented these responses when given within 2 hours following estradiol administration; when injection was delayed longer than 2 hours, cortisol no longer completely inhibited the uterine hydration response to estradiol nor did it depress cell division. The results indicate that the acute (24 hour) growth effect, stimulated by estrogen in uterine epithelium, is dependent upon hormone-tissue interactions occurring within the first 2 hours following estrogen injection. Beyond this period, the stimulated sequence culminating in growth appears to be self sustaining and not further subject to cortisol antagonism.
Feminine and masculine dimensions of the typical, desirable, and ideal woman and man

A sample of 432 college men and women used the items of the Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI) to describe either a typical, desirable, or ideal man or woman. Although both sexes endorsed a relatively more androgynous ideal and desirable description in comparison to the typical description, traditional views of a man and a woman appear to be alive and well. The greatest divergence between the sexes occurred in regard to the degree that masculine characteristics should ideally characterize a woman. Although males and females agreed in their masculinity ratings of the ideal man, females described the ideal woman to be as masculine as their ideal man, whereas males described her as significantly less masculine than their ideal man. The pattern of findings obtained from Bem's Androgyny score is contrasted with that obtained from its component Masculinity and Femininity scale scores. On the basis of these contrasts, recommendations are made for using the component scores as separate variables.
Correlation of white female breast cancer incidence trends with nitrogen dioxide emission levels and motor vehicle density patterns

The long-term trend of female breast cancer incidence rates in the United States and some European countries demonstrates a similar pattern: an increasing trend in the last century followed by a declining trend in this century. The well-known risk factors cannot explain this trend. We compared the breast cancer incidence trends obtained from SEER data with the trend of nitrogen dioxides (NOx) emission and monitoring data as well as motor vehicle density data. The upward followed by downward trend of NOx is similar to the breast cancer incidence trend but with an offset of 20 years earlier. Motor vehicles are the major source of NOx emissions. The geographic distribution of motor vehicles density in 1970 in the observed US counties is positively correlated with breast cancer incidence rates (R(2) 0.8418, the correlation coefficient = 0.9175) in 1980-1995. Because both the time trend and geographic pattern are associated with breast cancer incidence rates, further studies on the relationship between breast cancer and air pollution are needed.
Spontaneous imbibition for mixed-wettability states in sandstones induced by adsorption from crude oil

Abstract Wettability control by methods that are of practical relevance to oil recovery is an ongoing problem in wettability research. The preparation of mixed-wettability cores by adsorption from an asphaltic crude oil at elevated temperature and pressure has been investigated. After aging, crude oil was displaced by flow of decalin, an intermediate solvent that was compatible with the crude oil with respect to asphaltene precipitation but not likely to cause undue desorption of polar components of crude oil from pore walls. The decalin was in turn removed by flow of refined oil. In tests of the stability of the induced wetting states obtained by this approach, imbibition measurements were repeated for up to six cycles of imbibition and drainage. In most cases, wettability changed slightly towards water wetness after the first cycle, but there was comparatively little or no change for further cycles of spontaneous imbibition and forced drainage. Factors in preparation of mixed-wet cores such as the volume of decalin used to flush crude oil from the core and the temperature of flushing were investigated during the course of development of the experimental procedures. Once established, the induced wetting states were stable with respect to further flushing with decalin and also to flushing with toluene, a stronger solvent for asphaltenes. In experiments on displacement of brine by high viscosity refined oils, the initial water saturation of mixed wet cores could be readily reduced to much lower values than the water saturation that was present at the time of aging. However, in contrast to the drastic reduction in imbibition rate for cores aged at low water saturation, low initial water saturation obtained by this means had very little effect on subsequent spontaneous imbibition. This observation is consistent with the concept of mixed wettability postulated by Salathiel (1973) [JPT (1973) 12616] that the distribution of water at the time of aging controls the distribution of adsorbed components of crude oil.
Solids Removal Rates and Energy Requirements for Dead Poultry Decomposition in Heated Septic Tanks

Abstract Disposal of birds that result from normal production mortality is a daily problem for poultry producers. This study investigated heated anaerobic digesters as a means of dead bird disposal. Three concrete septic tanks were used for digesters. During two test periods, two of the tanks were heated to approximately 35 C and one of the heated tanks was mixed. The third tank served as a control and was neither heated nor mixed. During Period 1, the heated and mixed tank was loaded with shredded carcasses while the other two tanks received whole carcasses. During Period 2 each tank was loaded with shredded carcasses. During Period 1 the heated, nonmixed digester and the heated, mixed digester exhibited solids removal rates that were 102 and 168% higher, respectively, than the control. During Period 2 the solids removal rates were 25 and 192% higher than the control in the heated, nonmixed digester and the heated, mixed digester, respectively. For each test period, energy requirements for the heated systems compared favorably with incineration.
B72-11 An Introduction to Switching System Design

The authors have written an introductory textbook on switching algebra and its application to logic system design. The book contains almost no formal mathematical presentation and, hence, is quite easy to read. The level of the presentation could easily be handled by third-year undergraduate students. (The authors state that the material is suitable for approximately a one-semester course, but do not specify an intended level.) No background in switching algebra is assumed or required. At various points throughout the textbook, some of the practical aspects of logic system design are mentioned and the impractical aspects of the material are pointed out where appropriate. The method of presentation and the orientation will appeal to students with an engineering background, but students with a strong mathematical bent will not be as interested.
Advancements in design of an autonomous satellite docking system

ABSTRACT The past five years has witnessed a significant increase in the attention given to on-orbit satellite docking and servicing. Recent world events have proven how we have come to rely on our space assets, especially during times of crisis. It has become abundantly clear that the ability to autonomously rendezvous, dock, inspect and service both military and civilian assets is no longer a nicety, but a necessity. Reconnaissance and communications satellites, even the space shuttle and International Space Station, could benefit from this capability. Michigan Aerospace Corporation, with funding from the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) and the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL), has been refining a compact, light, compliant soft-docking system. Earlier prototypes have been tested on the Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) flat-floor as well as on the Johnson Space Flight Center (JSC) KC-135 micro-gravity aircraft. Over the past year, refinements have been made to the mechanism based on the lessons learned from these tests. This paper discusses the optimal design that has resulted. Keywords: Autonomous, rendezvous, servicing, simulation, KC-135, soft-dock, docking
Many college freshmen drink at levels far beyond the binge threshold.

Background: Binge drinking is a dichotomous variable that allows researchers to sort students into categories based upon a specific threshold of consumption, commonly 4 (females) or 5 (males) drinks. Crossing the binge threshold increases the risk of negative alcohol-related consequences. The use of such thresholds has played a vital role in the study of college drinking. While extremely valuable, the dichotomous nature of binge drinking variables removes information about how heavily students actually drink, leaving the characterization of college drinking incomplete. The present study examined patterns of alcohol use beyond the binge threshold. Methods: The data set consisted of self-reported 2-week drinking histories from 10,424 first-semester freshmen at 14 schools across the United States during the fall of 2003. The number of students who reached the 4+/5+ binge-drinking threshold was calculated, as was the number who reached 2 times (8+/10+ drinks) or 3 times (12+/15+ drinks) the binge threshold. Logistic regression analyses were used to explore gender differences and to assess whether frequent binge drinkers (3+ binges per 2 weeks) were more likely than infrequent binge drinkers (1–2 binges per 2 weeks) to reach high peak levels of consumption. Results: Roughly 1 of 5 males consumed 10+ drinks and 1 of 10 females consumed 8+ drinks, twice the binge threshold, at least once in the previous 2 weeks. Gender differences were observed at every drinking level and were particularly large at higher peak levels. Frequent binge drinkers were more likely than infrequent binge drinkers to consume 2 or 3 times the binge threshold. Discussion: A surprisingly large percentage of students, particularly males, drink at peak levels well beyond the binge threshold. Such findings suggest that schools might make additional progress in the battle against alcohol misuse by focusing on extreme drinking practices in addition to binge drinking per se.
Quasi-monolithic structures for spaceflight using hydroxide-catalysis bonding

Next generation space telescopes and interferometric missions will require stringent position and stability tolerances. To do this, these missions will require materials and bonding techniques with ever-increasing stability in order to make their measurements. As an example, the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) will detect and observe gravitational waves in the 0.1 mHz to 1 Hz frequency range with strain sensitivities on the order of 10−21 at its most sensitive frequency. To make these measurements, critical components such as the optical bench or telescope support structure will need to have path-length stabilities of better than 1 pm/√Hz. The baseline construction method for the LISA optical bench is to affix fused silica components to a Zerodur baseplate using hydroxide-catalysis bonding (HCB). HCB is a recently developed technique that allows the bonding of glasses, some metals, and silicon carbide with significant strength and stability with a bond thickness of less than a few micrometers. In addition, a wide range of surface profiles can be bonded using only a small amount of hydroxide solution. These characteristics make HCB ideal for adhering components in complex optical systems. In addition to being used to construct the LISA optical bench, the HCB technique shows great promise for constructing other structures such as hollow retroreflectors to be used for lunar laser ranging, or a visible nulling coronograph to be used for exoplanet detection. Here we present construction techniques that could be used to make an optical bench, hollow retroreflector, nulling coronograph, or other quasi-monolithic structures using HCB. In addition, we present dimensional stability results of an optical bench that was made using HCB, as well as HCB strength measurements.
Escape from hell: the true story of the Auschwitz protocol

In April of 1944, two Slovakian Jews, Alfred Wetzler and Rudolf Vrba, successfully escaped from Auschwitz bringing with them personal knowledge and documents to prove the scale and brutality of the...
Small long range UHF tag for metal applications

The aim of this paper is to present how we design and implement a Metal mounting Tag for passive UHF RFID for hostile environments. This development is a project for an Electrical Energy distribution company that needs to track his assets such as: MVA Transformers, Public illumination and some accessories.
Observations on two rhizomorph-forming species of Marasmiellus

Marasmius candidus var. setulosus is recombined as Marasmiellus tenerrimus var. setulosus , and Collybia flaccida is recombined as Marasmiellus flaccidus . Redescriptions of M. tenerrimus var. setulosus and Marasmiellus opacus are provided, including documentation of culture morphology and mating behaviour, and for the first time both taxa are reported to form rhizomorphs. Marasmiellus tenerrimus var. setulosus, M. opacus and M. candidus are bifactorial and multiallelic, and M. tenerrimus var. setulosus is sexually incompatible with M. candidus . All taxa are illustrated and compared with phenetically similar taxa.
TURBULENT TRANSPORT OF A PASSIVE SCALAR FIELD

Several statistical theories of the transport of a passive scalar quantity make use of a Green's function and statistical properties of the fluid velocity field. The theories are applied to the problems of mean gradient transport in a turbulent fluid and of turbulent transport to a wall or a fluid interface. For the case of mass transfer by a uniform mean concentration gradient in homogeneous turbulence, a weak mixing hypothesis leads to results similar to those of Kraichnan's direct interaction approximation (D1A). Further use of a smoothing hypothesis leads to an algebraic expression for the eddy diffusivity which compares well with the DIA and with laboratory experiments.
Sneaking Through the Backdoor — Reflections on Public Interest in International Investment Arbitration

We are becoming more and more familiar with a simple but seemingly convincible narrative of international investment law: It is powerful – it bestows non-State actors with international rights that bite, it provides for rather effective mechanisms of international adjudication and enforcement – but it neglects the public interest.1 Whether or not this is a laudable pattern is much disputed and for the sake of this contribution I will leave it at that.2 The oddity that international investment arbitration as well as Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs)3 do not pay much attention to public interest concerns remains noteworthy nonetheless. As Gus van Harten4 has argued so forcefully, international investment arbitration exhibits most traits which characterize public law adjudication – above all, judicial control of the exercise of public authority and (public law) remedies for the abuse of such authority in the form of effectively enforceable damages.5 Hence, a public law (adjudication) system that does not pay much attention to public interest appears a strange fact. However, a widespread consensus does seem to exist that this is actually a fact.6 As the title suggests, I want to challenge that. My conclusion from the analysis of selected investment arbitration case law will be the following: While on the surface, investment tribunals reject or even refuse to consider public law issues on the merits, those arguments reappear where it actually counts – on the level of compensation and damages. Tribunals do not grant much prominence to public interest considerations and arguments when discussing and measuring the amount of damages; in fact they hardly even mention them. Nevertheless, I will argue that by setting extremely high standards or otherwise considerably lowering the amount of damages or compensation, the arbitrators implicitly take strong account of the public interest at hand. …
Synthesis and Crystal Structure of the New Samarium Oxyhydroxide, SmO(OH)

A single crystal of SmO(OH) was grown out of a high temperature lithium hydroxide melt and characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction. SmO(OH) crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/m with a = 4.3605(3) A, b = 3.7725(3) A, c = 6.1490(4) A, and β = 108.4500(10)°. The material exhibits a three-dimensional crystal structure consisting of corner- and edge-shared SmO7 polyhedra. The samarium cation is observed in a distorted monocapped trigonal prismatic coordination environment. Two kinds of oxygen atoms are found, and these represent oxide (O2−) and hydroxide (OH−) ligands, respectively. The synthesis and crystal structure of a new samarium oxyhydroxide, SmO(OH) is reported.
“Retinal anlage tumor of infancy”: Reportof a case occurring in the anterior fontanel

A benign, rare, melanotic tumor, occurring in infants under 12 months of age, hasbeen variously called “retinal anlage tumor”, “melanotic progonoma” and “melanotic adamantinoma.” Approximately 40 cases have been documented, the majority occurring in the maxilla and mandible. In only a few cases, the tumor was extrafacial. In the present case, the growth occurred in the anterior fontanel. Grossly the tumor was pigmented, and microscopically it was composed of fibrous tissue, cuboidal cells containing melanin pigment, and small cells resembling neuroblasts.
Activated T-lymphocytes express class I molecules which are hyposialylated compared to other lymphocyte populations

Various H-2 and Qa/Tla region encoded class I glycoproteins expressed on the surface of resting and activated T- and B-lymphocytes were compared by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-D PAGE). The isoelectrophoretic patterns of the H-2K, H-2D, Qa-2 and Qa-1 molecules isolated from activated T-lymphocytes were more isoelectrically heterogeneous and/or possessed species with a more basic pI than the same molecules isolated from resting T- and B-cells or activated B-lymphocytes. The differences in charge heterogeneity of class I molecules between activated T-cells and the other cell subpopulations were abolished by treatment with: (1) endoglycosidase F which removes N-linked oligosaccharides from glycoproteins, and (2) neuraminidase which removes sialic acids from carbohydrate side chains. Thus, the increased charged heterogeneity of class I molecules expressed by activated T-cells is due to altered sialylation of their N-linked oligosaccharides. These results indicate that a mechanism exists, upon activation of T-lymphocytes, for alteration (desialylation) of the carbohydrate moieties of class I molecules.
A Bend in the Road: Subject Personal Pronoun Expression in Spanish after 30 Years of Sociolinguistic Research

Scholars have investigated the variable use of subject personal pronouns (SPP) in oral and written discourse using a sociolinguistic framework for over three decades. The focal point of their research has been to determine the linguistic, stylistic, and social factors that influence speakers to express or not express the SPP as in Yo canto (I sing), and Canto [(I) sing]. Several linguistic, stylistic, and social factors have been found to condition the use of the expressed SPP. Nonetheless, this syntactic variable remains highly debated among scholars who investigate Spanish in the US, Latin American, and Peninsular varieties. The remarks in the article are suggestive rather than probative as the discussion represents an overview. It also provides a gateway of interest regarding this feature. Given the many empirical studies that have investigated this feature, the metaphor of ‘the bend in the road’ represents a slight turn that should guide our thoughts for future research.
Differentiation of classic medulloblastoma into metastatic large cell medulloblastoma with focal rhabdoid differentiation in the absence of posterior fossa recurrence.

A case of classic medulloblastoma that metastasized, despite the absence of local recurrence, to extraneural sites 7 years after treatment is reported. The metastases were, in contrast to the primary tumor, of large cell type and displayed abortive myogenic and, in one site, also rhabdoid differentiation. The primary tumor expressed microtubule-associated protein 1B and neuron-specific nuclear protein (NeuN), and was desmin negative. The metastases were also positive for microtubule-associated protein 1B and NeuN, although the expression of the latter marker was weak and/or focal in two of four metastases and absent in the rhabdoid metastasis. They were, in contrast with the primary tumor, all strongly positive for desmin. The hSNF5/INI1 was expressed in the nuclei of all cells of the primary tumor and the metastases, including the one with rhabdoid differentiation. Two metastases were studied by cytogenetics. The composite karyotype of a large cell metastasis was 45~46,XY,add(1)(p36.1),t(2;8)(p21;q24.1),add(3)(q25),t(9;15)(q22;q13),add(12)(p11.2), +1~2mar,inc[cp12]/46,XY[12], while the rhabdoid metastasis contained additional changes including monosomy 22. These findings indicate that some rhabdoid (atypical teratoid/rhabdoid) tumors of the cerebellum and medulloblastoma may be histogenetically related.
Putting the 1996 Joint Commission on the Accreditation of Health Care Organizations (JCAHO) Standards into Clinical Practice

Abstract LEARNING OUTCOME: To comply with the 1996 JCAHO standards using computerization and cross-training. Prior to automation, the department maintained three separate areas within Clinical Services: a hostess program, the diet office, and the clinical staff. From April 1994 to August 1995, an automated diet office system was developed and fully implemented, which streamlined the technical aspects of both the diet office and the hostess program. Hence, these areas were combined and existing support personnel were cross-trained as nutrition care assistants (NCAs). Their expanded roles included: delivering meals and snacks, completing meal rounds, calculating calorie counts, assisting patients with menu selections, entering such selections into the computer system, and screening all hospitalized patients within 24 hours of admission. The NCAs completed screens by assigning points for high risk indicators, which, in turn, triggered the clinical pathway appropriately for the professional staff. There were several positive outcomes: 1) it improved patient service and satisfaction, 2) it created a departmental reduction in full-time equivalents (FTEs), 3) it improved working relations between production and clinical services, and 4) it adequately satisfied the 1996 JCAHO standards for nutrition assessment. With the current, tenuous health care environment, clinical nutrition managers must investigate methods to streamline processes and standardize procedures, while impacting the bottom line and improving patient care.