cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
All-trans retinoic acid blocks the antiproliferative prodifferentiating actions of 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 in normal human keratinocytes

1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] and all-trans retinoic acid (RA), the active metabolites of vitamins D and A respectively, regulate the proliferation and differentiation of keratinocytes. Both the vitamin D receptor (VDR) and the retinoic acid receptor family (RAR) bind to DNA response elements as heterodimers with the retinoic X receptor (RXR), suggesting that there are pathways of action that are shared by both compounds. Therefore, we examined the interactions of 1,25(OH)2D3 and RA upon the proliferation and differentiation of normal human keratinocytes (NHK) and of a squamous cell carcinoma cell line, SCC4. Although both 1,25(OH)2D3 and RA were each able to inhibit NHK proliferation in a dose-dependent manner, when they were administered in combination, proliferation was stimulated, suggesting mutual antagonism. In contrast, SCC4 cells proved insensitive in terms of proliferation to 1,25(OH)2D3 and to all but the highest concentration (10−6 M) of RA. 1,25(OH)2D3 exerted a biphasic effect on transglutaminase (TGase) and involucrin (INV) mRNA levels, with maximal stimulation at 10−9 M. RA inhibited TGase and INV mRNA levels and antagonized the stimulation by 1,25(OH)2D3. A similar pattern was observed for TGase protein, but, RA, which, by itself, reduced INV, markedly enhanced the ability of 1,25(OH)2D3 to raise INV levels, possibly by inhibiting 1,25(OH)2D3-stimulated TGase activity and cross-linking of soluble INV into the insoluble cornified envelope (CE). Thus, in NHK cells, RA antagonizes the antiproliferative prodifferentiating actions of 1,25(OH)2D3, but assessment of a single marker, such as INV protein, may be misleading. J. Cell. Physiol. 174:1–8, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
GENETICS OF CHLAMYDOMONAS REINHARDTII DIPLOIDS. II. THE EFFECTS OF DIPLOIDY AND ANEUPLOIDY ON THE TRANSMISSION OF NON-MENDELIAN MARKERS

The transmission of two non-Mendelian drug resistance markers has been studied in crosses of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii involving diploids and aneuploids with different mating type genotypes. Under normal laboratory conditions for gametogenesis, mating and zygote maturation, the transmission pattern of the non-Mendelian markers sr-u-1 (resistance to streptomycin) and spr-u-1-27-3 (resistance to spectinomycin) is primarily determined by the mating type genotypes of the parental cells. Our results confirm and expand an earlier observation suggesting that an apparent codominant function of the female (mt+) allele in regulating chloroplast gene transmission in meiosis appears to be distinct and separate from its recessive function in regulating mating behavior. The chloroplast DNA complement (as indexed by the number of extranuclear DNA-containing bodies) may exert a secondary effect on the transmission of these markers. Within a mating type group (mt+/mt- or mt-/mt-) a cell line with more chloroplast DNA tended to transmit its non-Mendelian markers more frequently than a cell line with less chloroplast DNA.
Patterns and Consequences of Mating Behavior of the Root Weevil Diaprepes abbreviatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

Abstract The tropical root weevil, Diaprepes abbreviatus (L.), is a major pest of many plants of economic importance, including citrus and ornamentals. It was accidentally introduced from the Caribbean into Florida in the 1960s and its range within the United States now includes Texas and California. No safe and effective control method is available for this species. Studies of the reproductive behavior of field populations may aid the development of effective control strategies and inform laboratory experimental design. We examined mating patterns of individually-marked D. abbreviatus in a plant nursery in Florida over 5 d. Matings occurred throughout the day but tended to peak during the middle of the day. Mating duration ranged from less than 3 h to over 9 h. Most males and females mated repeatedly, sometimes with the same partner multiple times. Both same-sex and extra-pair mountings occurred at low frequencies. In a follow-up study conducted in captivity, we found no short-term direct benefits of mul...
Sexual Minority Groups and Urban Health

LGBT history, culture and health are inextricably intertwined with cities. Cities, despite the health risks they pose, continue to play a critical role in supporting and affirming the full diversity of the LGBT community. LGBT people, in turn, have contributed much to the cultural and economic life of cities as well as to innovative approaches to health care advocacy and service delivery. Nonetheless, significant health issues and barriers to healthcare for LGBT people remain. Because of the numbers and density of LGBT people in urban areas, cities provide a unique opportunity for public health practitioners, urban planners, and policy makers to develop and test creative strategies to improve the health and well-being of sexual minorities and eliminate the barriers that persist.
Experimental Characterization and Modeling of Photon Upconversion in Azobenzene Photomechanical Polymers

Azobenzene polymers show promising photostrictive behavior for a broad range of applications in flow control, robotics, and energy harvesting applications. The conversion of solar energy directly into mechanical work provides unique capabilities in adaptive structures; however, the energy conversion of visible light into mechanical work presents several material chemistry challenges. Azobenzene strongly absorbs ultraviolet (UV) light and blue/green light which limits the efficiency of the photomechanical response under solar irradiation. Photon upconversion — combining two or more low energy photons (longer wavelength) to generate a higher energy excited state (shorter wavelength), provides an intriguing strategy to drive these high energy photochemical reactions with low energy light. We present an experimental study showing the feasibility to drive azobenzene photoisomerization using visible light via select up-conversion molecules in the fluidic state. Multi-physics modeling is then used to predict advances in photomechanical energy conversion when up-conversion molecules are introduced within an azobenzene polymer.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Next Generation Luminaire (NGL) Downlight Demonstration Project, Hilton Columbus Downtown

At the Hilton Columbus Downtown hotel in Ohio, DOE's Better Buildings Alliance conducted a demonstration of Next Generation Luminaires-winning downlights installed in all guest rooms and suites prior to the hotel's 2012 opening. After a post-occupancy assessment, the LED downlights not only provided the aesthetic appearance and dimming functionality desired, but also provided 50% energy savings relative to a comparable CFL downlight and enabled the lighting power to be more than 20% below that allowed by code.
Structured methods for underwater wideband signals localization using sensor networks

In this paper, the localization problem via a wireless sensor network for underwater wideband sources is mapped to a sparse approximation problem by exploiting inherent structure and geometry. In underwater applications, signaling is achieved via acoustics which experiences attenuation as a function of transmission distance, large propagation delays and scaling from Doppler effects. Furthermore, there is significant multipath. Herein, novel joint sparse, structured recovery approaches for source localization in underwater environments are developed. The proposed methods achieve 4 to 7 dB improvement in localization over methods that only exploit block-sparsity or element-wise sparsity.
Single and Dual-Incision Fasciotomy of the Lower Leg.

Overview Introduction Compartment syndrome of the leg is an orthopaedic emergency and can be treated with single or dual-incision fasciotomy, allowing for necessary decompression of all four compartments. Step 1 (Single-Incision Technique): Position the Patient Place the patient supine with a bump underneath the ipsilateral buttock. Step 2 (Single-Incision Technique): Make the Skin Incision An incision centered over the posterolateral aspect of the leg provides access to all four compartments of the leg. Step 3 (Single-Incision Technique): Decompress the Superficial Posterior, Lateral, and Anterior Compartments Make longitudinal fascial incisions, approximately the length of the skin incision, in the superficial posterior, lateral, and then anterior compartments . Step 4 (Single-Incision Technique): Decompress the Deep Posterior Compartment Using the lateral intermuscular septum as a guide to reach the posterolateral aspect of the fibula, release the fascial attachment of the deep posterior compartment from the fibula. Step 5 (Single-Incision Technique): Postoperative Protocol After appropriate operative fixation and/or debridement of nonviable tissue, dress the wounds with a VAC device. Step 1 (Dual-Incision Technique): Position the Patient Position the patient, administer antibiotics, and prepare and drape the limb as described in Step 1 for the single-incision technique. Step 2 (Dual-Incision Technique): Make the Anterolateral Skin Incision Make an incision centered over the anterolateral aspect of the leg to provide access to the anterior and lateral compartments of the leg. Step 3 (Dual-Incision Technique): Decompress the Anterior and Lateral Compartments Make a longitudinal fascial incision in the anterior compartment anterior to the intermuscular septum and a separate longitudinal incision for decompression of the lateral compartment posterior to the intermuscular septum. Step 4 (Dual-Incision Technique): Make the Posteromedial Skin Incision Make an incision centered over the posteromedial aspect of the leg to provide access to the superficial and deep posterior compartments of the leg. Step 5 (Dual-Incision Technique): Decompress the Superficial and Deep Posterior Compartments Through the posteromedial skin incision, identify both the deep and the superficial posterior compartments and incise their fascia longitudinally for adequate decompression. Step 6 (Dual-Incision Technique): Postoperative Protocol Follow the same postoperative protocol as outlined in Step 5 for the single-incision technique. Results Both the single and the dual-incision techniques are effective for relieving elevated intracompartmental pressures to prevent myonecrosis. Indications Contraindications Pitfalls & Challenges
The design of axisymmetrical body shapes having the Stratford-Smith pressure recovery

This paper introduces a shape sensitivity (perturbation) method for the design of axisymmetrical body shapes having Smith's axisymmetric extension of the Stratford pressure recovery. The development of the design method is part of a larger experimental and computational effort to examine complex turbulent flows. The intention is to design axisymmetrical bodies for wind tunnel testing and measurement of the axisymmetric Stratford-flow. Results obtained using standard computational tools indicate that the Stratford-Smith pressure recovery does indeed correspond to a flow with a rapid pressure recovery and very low wall-shear stress. (Author)
Benthic foraminiferal faunas reveal transport dynamics and no-analog environments on a glaciated margin (Gulf of Alaska)

Abstract Paleoecological and faunal-based paleoenvironmental studies rely on fossil assemblages that have high fidelity to the once-living faunas and to the target environment. However, many sedimentary records contain multiple depositional facies, transported sediments with their associated fossils, and varying degrees of taphonomic alteration, which can confound interpretations. Here we combine measures of compositional fidelity, modern analog faunal methods, sedimentary analyses, and taphonomic scoring to examine the history of sediment transport and environmental change in a ~ 60,000 year continental slope record from the Gulf of Alaska using benthic foraminiferal assemblages. These assemblages generally have good compositional fidelity to modern faunas in the Gulf of Alaska, but are not necessarily faithful to the modern continental slope. Fossil benthic foraminiferal assemblages with modern analogs from shelf and slope environments are intercalated downcore suggesting episodes of sedimentary transport to the slope site. Fossil assemblages without modern analogs in this record appear ecologically, rather than taphonomically, derived and thus suggest that the range of past environmental variation in the Gulf of Alaska is not captured by modern spatial variation. These no-analog fossil assemblages are allied with analog assemblages using similarity in taxonomic and sedimentary characteristics, permitting analysis of environmental change in shelf and slope settings from a single core. The faunal composition of the no-analog assemblages suggests the Gulf of Alaska slope experienced lower oxygen conditions in the past than observed in the modern gulf. Lower productivity is also suggested for some shelf samples, however geochemical proxy data are necessary to fully interpret the no-analog assemblages.
Islam and the White House: American Presidential Discourse on Establishing Official Islam, 1993–2013

A reified Islam has been used to delineate the creed, the politics and the culture of about a fifth of the world population. While defining what ‘Islam’ is and is not, before and after the events of September 11, may be a necessary first step to understanding certain ‘facts’ about the theology, law and history of the world’s second largest religion, the semantics of official US government discourse about ‘Islam’ and terrorism have proved to be problematic. The purpose of this article is to provide an analytical survey of the thematics of American presidential public diplomacy. It also analyzes the construction of ideology in the context of the global war on terror, as it relates to Islam as a religion, the variants of political Islam and more broadly on the question of terrorism and the ‘Muslim world’. I begin with the Clinton presidency and continue to George Bush and end with Obama’s first term. This period of American political and public diplomatic history was selected because it clearly illustrates American presidential rhetoric on ‘Islam’ before and after al-Qaʿida’s second attacks on the World Trade Center and before the events of the ‘Arab Spring’ in late 2010.
Management of vascular disease of the upper extremity.

Arteriosclerosis is a less devastating lesion in the upper extremity than it is in the lower. Collagen vascular disease much more frequently involves the hand than the foot. Vascular access for cardiac catheterization has been associated with significant injury to the brachial artery, whereas the femoral artery as a route of access has had a steadily declining rate of complication. Lesions due to drug abuse have a preponderance of their manifestations due to vascular lesions in the upper extremity.
Identificación de sitios de cruce de fauna en la ruta 415, en el "Paso del Jaguar", Costa Rica.

The Jaguar Corridor Initiative aims to maintain the connectivity of this species. In Costa Rica, this initiative started on the Barbilla-Destierro Biological Subcorridor. The future paving of a road as an offset measure of Reventazon Hydroelectric Project was identified as a potential barrier forthe connectivity of the jaguar (Panthera onca) and other animals. In this study we suggest a method that can be used to identify animal crossing points on a gravel road. Data was collected from June 2011 to January 2012. We made a comparison between gravel and paved sections of the same road. To identify animal crossing sites and sectors, information from surveys, interviews and structural connectivity was overlapped. When comparing the gravel and paved sections, the paved section had more cars using it, more houses at its edges, more wildlife roadkills and fewer sightings and species. Three wildlife crossings sites and five sectors were identified. Jaguar and margay (Leopardus wiedii) were registered crossing the road, and raccoons (Procyon lotor) frequently used a culvert as an underpass. This methodology may be used as a practical tool that can be implemented by government and enterprises to identify wildlife crossing sites and to recommend mitigation actions that would reduce the impact caused by the creation and improvement of roads in the region.
Cornell, Washington and New York

Cornell appeared to be the academic Utopia for which Young was searching. In 1913–14 there were 5015 students of which 383 were in graduate school.1 The university was situated in beautiful surroundings on the shores of Lake Cayuga. It had a highly qualified faculty and an excellent library. Ithaca was a pleasant and progressive city with waterfalls and gorges located within the city limits. Young arrived at Cornell with his reputation enhanced by the publication of his article, ‘Some Limitations of the Value Concept’, and his review of Pigou’s book, both in the Quarterly Journal of Economics. His good friend and mentor, Walter F. Willcox, was Professor of Economics and Statistics, and having been at Cornell since 1891 was an influential figure on the campus. For his first two years Young taught Corporations and Trusts, Railway Transportation, Money and Banking, and conducted a seminar in research in finance.2 In the 1916–17 catalog, Young is listed as offering a course in Mathematical Economics and one called Monopoly and Competition.3 The former course had been offered at Harvard in 1910–11. The title of the latter course, Monopoly and Competition, is intriguing since it may have been the source of Young’s interest in what was later to become the theory of monopolistic competition.
Applications in Signal Processing and Adaptive Control

Adaptive control and communication theory provide numerous examples of the practical and effective use of stochastic approximation-type algorithms, and there is a large amount of literature concerning them. Only a few references will be listed. Despite the identity in form, whether the algorithms are actually called stochastic approximations depends on the traditions of the field, but the most effective techniques of proofs are often based on those of stochastic approximation. Our intention is to give some of the flavor of the applications. Proofs of convergence for some cases will appear in Chapter 9. Perhaps the most basic problem is the recursive estimation of the coefficients (parameters) of a linear system, when the input sequence is known, but only noise corrupted observations of its output can be measured. The output might simply be a weighted sum of the inputs, a weighted sum of the inputs and recent outputs, or a weighted sum of the inputs and recent outputs plus a weighted sum of the recent elements of a white noise sequence. The forms of the algorithms are essentially those of the pattern classification or “minimum mean squares” estimation problem of Example 3 in Section 1.1, although the noise terms might be correlated. In practice, the values of the parameters to be estimated often change with time, and the basic algorithm must be adjusted to allow “tracking.” A constant step size e is generally used, which leads to the nontrivial problem of the choice of e.
Polymeric Self-Assembled Monolayers Anomalously Improve Thermal Transport across Graphene/Polymer Interfaces

Ultralow thermal conductivities of bulk polymers greatly limit their applications in areas demanding fast heat dissipation, such as flexible electronics and microelectronics. Therefore, polymeric composites incorporating highly thermally conductive filler materials (e.g., graphene and carbon nanotubes) have been produced to address the issue. However, despite some enhancement, thermal conductivities of these materials are still far below theoretical predictions, mainly due to the inefficient thermal transport across material interfaces. Here, using molecular dynamics simulations, we demonstrate that polyethylene (PE) self-assembled monolayer (SAM) functionalized graphene surfaces at a high grafting density can drastically improve interfacial thermal conduction between graphene and the matrix of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). In contrast to abrupt temperature drop across pristine graphene/PMMA interfaces, temperature field in the vicinity of a PE-grafted graphene/PMMA interface is continuous with a smoo...
Striving to Work

Using data from the 2011–2015 Current Population Survey Annual Social and Economic Supplement, this study improves upon standard United States labor force measures to create three new measures which better capture the range of activities and attitudes that signal, at the individual level, an interest in work. When comparing the traditional employment-to-population ratio and the labor force participation rate with these new ‘striving to work’ measures, we find stark racial differences across measures. Hispanics have slightly higher odds of being employed or in the labor force than non-Hispanic whites, yet have similar odds of striving to work. Other vulnerable populations, including non-Hispanic blacks, non-Hispanic persons of other non-white races, females, and persons with disabilities, have significantly lower odds of participation in any of the five measures, compared to their comparison groups and controlling for other covariates. Policy implications are discussed.
ELECTRON EMISSION FROM SILICON DIOXIDE INTO VACUUM

ABSTRACT Electron emission from SiO 2 films into vacuum is investigated. Au-SiO 2 -Si structures were stressed at fields of 8-10 MV/cm (Au +) and the electrons emitted through the thin Au electrode into vacuum were collected and their energy distribution measured. For a sample with SiO 2 and Au thicknesses of 300 and 120 a respectively, electrons with kinetic energies of over 10eV were detected. The electron energy distributions had a Maxwellian tail with effective electron temperatures increasing from 0.5 to 0.8 eV with field. While these results demonstrate the existence of band gap electrons, and the possibility of impact ionization in SiO 2 , the effect of the Au electrode on the distribution prevents, at present, a quantitive comparison of these results with various dielectric breakdown theories.
Synaptic Transmission Between Retinal Neurons

The retina is a uniquely favorable place in which to hunt for the design principles of the brain. Aside from its well-known virtues of being compact, accessible and having well understood inputs and outputs, the retina possesses the paramount virtue that we understand what it is for. The business of elucidating design principles is really one of reverse engineering, in which forming a list of components and their properties is the essential first step. In pursuit of this goal, the last fifteen years have seen a great deal of progress in understanding the properties of individual cells in the retina and the way in which their voltage-gated channels allow signals to be shaped and transformed. Parallel with this have been discoveries about the transmitter-gated channels present on neurons in the retina. These important advances have, however, tended to obscure a major gap in our understanding of the way in which transmitter is actually released at synapses and how it is experienced by those postsynaptic receptors.
CHAPTER 43 – Stem cell factor

This chapter deals with stem cell factor (SCF), which has been shown to be an essential growth factor in development, and maintenance of normal blood cell production. It synergizes with other hematopoietic growth factors to stimulate stem cells, primitive progenitor cells, and committed progenitor cells. Its clinical utility has been minimized by dose-limiting anaphylactoid reactions, however, clinical studies have demonstrated that in combination with granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), SCF can stimulate mobilization of increased numbers of CD34 + cells in peripheral blood progenitor cells (PBPC) products. If predictors of poor be a key growth factor for ex vivo manipulation of hematopoietic stem cells to produce regenerative tissues for various diseases mobilization can be developed. However, with the recent demonstration of plasticity of hematopoietic stem cells, generating cells of various tissues including, cardiac, neural, liver, lung, and endothelial cells. SCF may be a key growth factor for ex vivo manipulation of hematopoietic stem cells to produce regenerative tissues for various diseases.
Abstract P368: Predicting the Risk of Refractory Hypertension

Background: Refractory hypertension is defined as uncontrolled blood pressure (BP) when taking five or more classes of antihypertensive medication, including a thiazide or thiazide-like diuretic an...
Diagnosis and management of trochleodynia, trochleitis, and trochlear headache

Migraine and tension-type headaches (TTHs) comprise a significant burden of neurological disease globally. Trochleodynia, also known as primary trochlear headache or trochleitis, may go unrecognized and contribute to worsening of these headache disorders. It may also present in isolation. We review the English literature on this under-recognized condition and describe what is known about the theorized pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and differential diagnosis. We also present a management algorithm for patients presenting with trochleodynia.
Inflation at the Edge

Recent results from cosmic microwave background (CMB) experiments verify several of the predictions of inflation, while ruling out a number of alternative structure-formation scenarios. Given the successes of the theory, the obvious next step is to press ahead and test inflation to the edge of all our current and forthcoming observational abilities. According to the inflationary paradigm, galaxies and their large-scale distribution in the Universe are remnants of inflation and can thus be studied to learn more about inflation in the same way that experimental particle physicists study the remnants of high-energy collisions. Here I discuss how studies of galactic substructure, galaxies, clusters, large-scale structure, and the CMB, may be used to learn more about inflation.
“The New Millennium Minstrel Show”: Blackface Elements in Seinfeld, Parks and Recreation, and Miranda Sings

This essay traces the presence of minstrelsy in three popular American comedy shows: Seinfeld, Parks and Recreation, and Miranda Sings. More specifically, I make a case that blackface elements form...
Outcomes After Tricuspid Valve Repair With Ring Versus Suture Bicuspidization Annuloplasty.

Background Ring annuloplasty (Ring) and suture bicuspidization annuloplasty (Suture-bicuspidization) are 2 techniques for tricuspid valve repair. With the emergence of transcatheter tricuspid valve repair technologies that mimic these conventional surgical techniques, we compared their midterm outcomes and longitudinal echocardiographic profiles. Methods From 2002 to 2016, 650 patients underwent tricuspid valve repair (324 Ring and 326 Suture-bicuspidization) for primary or functional tricuspid regurgitation (TR). Concomitant aortic valve, mitral valve, or coronary artery bypass graft procedures were included but tricuspid valve replacement, concomitant aortic procedures, heart transplantation or ventricular assist device placement procedures were excluded. Tricuspid valve event-free survival was estimated using Kaplan-Meier competing risk analysis. Freedom from TR recurrence (defined as at least moderate TR) and freedom from tricuspid valve reoperation were also assessed. Results There were no statistical differences in terms of age, gender, and most baseline comorbidities (P > .05). In-hospital outcomes also did not significantly differ between groups (P > .05). However, Suture-bicuspidization was associated with significantly lower tricuspid valve event-free survival, and freedom from TR recurrence and tricuspid valve reoperation compared with Ring at 1, 5, and 8 years (all P Conclusions The superiority of Ring over Suture-bicuspidization annuloplasty for tricuspid valve repair appeared to be evident in terms of event-free survival and freedom from tricuspid valve insufficiency and reoperation. These findings raise concern in the context of emerging transcatheter technologies that mimic the bicuspidization technique.
Systemic Treatment with the Antiangiogenic Agent ABT-510 Inhibited Myeloma-Induced Microvessels and Tumor Growth in Myelomatous SCID-hu Mice.

Abstract Myeloma cells induce bone marrow angiogenesis and increased microvessel density (MVD) is associated with poor prognosis in this disease. The aim of this study was to investigate whether neovascularization is required for myeloma growth by testing the anti-angiogenesis and anti-tumor efficacy of thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1)-derived mimetic peptide, ABT-510 (Abbott Laboratories), in the SCID-hu model for primary myeloma. TSP-1 is a matricellular glycoprotein with multiple biological functions, including antiangiogenic activity. ABT-510 is a capped nonapeptide based on the linear TSP-1 heptapeptide sequence. Like TSP-1, ABT-510 can be targeted to a specific receptor on vascular endothelial cells and efficiently inhibits angiogenesis in vitro and after systemic injection in experimental models of human malignancies. SCID-hu mice were constructed as previously described (Yaccoby et al., Blood 1998; 1999; 2002). Myelomatous SCID-hu mice were prepared by injection of myeloma cells from 6 patients into the implanted human bone in the hosts. Changes in levels of tumor burden were monitored by weekly measurements of human monotypic immunoglobulins (hIg) using ELISA and histologically confirmed by immunohistochemical staining of human bone sections for cIg. MVD, visualized by CD34 staining, were counted in 4 non-overlapping areas. Upon establishment of myeloma growth (401±146 μg/ml pre-treatment levels) mice were intraperitoneally injected with ABT-510 (100 mg/kg, twice a day) or with the vehicle (5% dextrose) for 4–10 weeks. Treatment was well tolerated and no sign of toxicity or reductions in body weight were observed. Whereas all dextrose -treated mice had increased hIg levels during the experimental period, ABT-510 treatment resulted in marked reduction of tumor burden in 2 experiments by 48% and 20%, respectively, retardation of myeloma growth in 3 additional experiments and no response in one experiment. Overall, tumor burden in control- and ABT-510-treated mice was increased by 3696%±3264 and 448%±169 from pre-treatment levels, respectively (p 35% (11±2 vs. 17±1 microvessels/MM2 in control mouse, p
Ethnic and Racial Diversity in Academic Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Compared with All Other Medical Specialties.

ABSTRACT The primary aim of this study was to compare ethnic/racial diversity in academic physical medicine and rehabilitation (PM&R) with all other medical specialties in academia. The secondary aim was to characterize the ethnic/racial diversity of current PM&R program directors. Self-reported ethnicity/race information was collected from the Association of American Medical Colleges and Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education. Ethnicity/race was defined as white, Asian, African American, Hispanic, and other. Odds ratios (ORs) and Fisher's exact tests were used to compare ethnic/racial differences at each career level between each specialty. In 2017, in PM&R, compared with whites, there was decreased odds of African Americans by 89% (OR, 0.11), 90% for Hispanics (OR, 0.10), 62% for Asians (OR, 0.38), and 73% for other (OR, 0.27) (all P < 0.001). This disparity increased in full professors: 99% (OR, 0.01), 96% (OR, 0.04), 87% (OR, 0.13), and 90% (OR, 0.10), respectively (all P < 0.001). In 2019, most PM&R program directors identified as white (51%) compared with Hispanic (4%) and African American (2%). Overall, ethnic/racial underrepresented minorities in medicine decreased with increasing academic rank. Therefore, more robust initiatives must be implemented to improve the exposure, recruitment, and retention of ethnic/racial underrepresented minorities at all levels of PM&R academia.
A Vectorial, ER-Mitochondria Link to Energy Homeostasis in the Vascular Endothelium

The precise mechanisms of free fatty acid (FFA) uptake in the vascular endothelium are unclear. In this issue of Cell Metabolism, Ibrahim et al. (2020) discover that FFA uptake is partially mediated by a vectorial, ER-mitochondria link, in which mitochondrial ATP production is locally used for the acyl-CoA synthetase activity of the ER-located fatty acid transport protein 4.
What are the effects of climate variability and change on ungulate life-histories, population dynamics, and migration in North America? A systematic map protocol

Climate is an important driver of ungulate life-histories, population dynamics, and migratory behaviors, and can affect the growth, development, fecundity, dispersal, and demographic trends of populations. Changes in temperature and precipitation, and resulting shifts in plant phenology, winter severity, drought and wildfire conditions, invasive species distribution and abundance, predation, and disease have the potential to directly or indirectly affect ungulates. However, ungulate responses to climate variability and change are not uniform and vary by species and geography. Here, we present a systematic map protocol aiming to describe the abundance and distribution of evidence on the effects of climate variability and change on ungulate life-histories, population dynamics, and migration in North America. This map will help to identify knowledge gaps and clusters of evidence, and can be used to inform future research directions and adaptive management strategies. We will catalogue evidence on how climate variability and change affect the life-histories, population dynamics, and migration patterns of the fifteen ungulate species native to North America. We will search both academic and grey literature, using academic journal databases and specialist websites. Articles will be screened for inclusion at the title/abstract and full-text levels, and data will be extracted from articles that pass the full-text review. These data will be summarized quantitatively, visually, and with a narrative review to describe the distribution and abundance of evidence on the effects of climate variability and change on ungulates in North America.
Analyst Geographic Proximity to Industry Center, Industry Information, and the Efficacy of Analyst Research Output

We propose that an analyst’s distance-to-industry-center (DTIC) can serve as an instrument for industry information. Consistent with this hypothesis, we find that DTIC has a significant negative impact on forecast accuracy. We conduct a series of tests to corroborate the link between DTIC and industry information, which is relevant for within-industry co-movement of firm fundamentals and returns. Finally, we exploit the impact of Chinese import shocks on different industries as exogenous shocks to industry centers to establish a causal link between DTIC and forecast accuracy. Overall, we shed light on how an analyst’s industry information is disseminated into the market.
SM1997 downregulates mustard-induced enzymes that disrupt corneal epithelial attachment.

Amino-Plex (SM1997) is a spray or liquid cosmeceutical that has been used for skin dryness, aging, or sun exposure. Its formulation includes electrolytes, trace minerals, amino acids, peptides, nucleosides and nucleotides, all substances that are less than 10 kDa. It is designed to increase oxygen levels in cells, improve glucose transport, stimulate ATP synthesis, and stimulate collagen formation, actions that can help facilitate repair of damaged cells. It also supports collagen synthesis and formation of healthy granulation tissue, accelerating re-epithelization of damaged skin. Here, SM1997 has been tested as an agent to improve the healing of mustard injury to the cornea. The results indicate that SM1997 facilitates the retention of corneal epithelial attachment when applied to corneal organ cultures after nitrogen mustard exposure. In addition, it reduces the activation of enzymes that lead to epithelial-stromal separation, namely, ADAM17 and MMP-9. Therefore, SM1997 should be further investigated as a potential therapy sulfur mustard and nitrogen mustard exposure. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Suboptimal Six Minute Walk Distance Does Not Impact Survival in Lung Transplant Recipients Bridged with Extracorporeal Support

Purpose Preoperative six-minute walk distance (6MWD) is associated with survival following lung transplantation; however, its predictive value remains unclear for patients on extracorporeal support (ECMO). Our study aimed to assess the impact of ECMO utilization on posttransplant survival among patients with suboptimal 6MWD. Methods Using data from the United Network for Organ Sharing, we included adult, first-time lung transplant recipients between May 3, 2005 and March 20, 2020 with suboptimal 6MWD ( Results Our overall study population included 21,266 patients: 60 in the ECMO cohort and 21,206 in the non-ECMO cohort. Both cohorts were predominantly male (57% in ECMO cohort vs. 58%, p = 0.972). In the ECMO cohort, the median age was lower (49 years, IQR 34-56 vs. 60 years, IQR 53-65; p 0) and non-ambulatory (6MWD = 0) patients (log rank, p = 0.536). Overall, no survival difference by ECMO status at 3 years was observed (log rank, p=0.718; Figure 1). Conclusion Our results suggest that ECMO, in appropriately selected patients, does not significantly impact postoperative survival compared to a population with similar suboptimal pretransplant functional status. Furthermore, no minimum distance was observed that conferred better or worse outcomes.
Lawyers Who Break the Law: What Congress Can Do to Prevent Mental Health Patient Advocates from Violating Federal Legislation

In 1986, Congress enacted the Protection and Advocacy for Individuals with Mental Illness Act (PAIMI). PAIMI created a national, federally-funded system of patient advocacy for individuals with mental illness. Patient advocates are lawyers who are charged with protecting individuals who have mental illness from abuse, neglect, and civil rights violations. Over the past twenty-four years, advocates have saved countless individuals from abuse and death. However, numerous federal Department of Justice investigations reveal that patient advocates are not always carrying out their PAIMI responsibilities. Instead, patient advocates frequently engage in activities that are prohibited or unauthorized under federal law. These activities have placed their clients in peril and have taken them away from their federally-mandated mission. This article examines how patient advocates have engaged in federally prohibited lobbying efforts and how they have tried to defeat proposed legislation, some of which would actually benefit their clients. It also explores their shift away from individual representation, which has placed more individuals with mental illness at risk. And it reveals their hostile attitude towards the families of those with mental illness, an attitude that is in direct conflict to the intent and purpose of PAIMI. Finally, it addresses the problems with each of these activities and it offers solutions that Congress can incorporate in the Act when it is revised next year.
“The Last Link of an Emergent Global Economy: The Manila Galleon”

The Pacific Ocean’s 63.8 million square miles represent 46% of the Earth’s water cover and one third of its total surface, making it larger than all of the globe’s landmasses together. The difficulties of a sailing ship crossing such a body of water explain why continents on either side did not communicate until the foundation of Manila on the Philippine Islands in 1571.
Secondary Polycythemia as an Uncommon Cause of Large Vessel Occlusion Resulting in Acute Ischemic Stroke (P4.3-010)

Objective: To describe two cases of secondary polycythemia presenting as acute ischemic stroke (AIS) due to large vessel occlusion (LVO) in the absence of traditional etiologies (hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, systemic atherosclerosis, cardioembolism) and management options. Background: Polycythemia has been recognized as an atypical AIS etiology, but most frequently presenting as small-vessel thrombo-occlusive or embolic disease rather than LVO. Design/Methods: Case 1: 58 year old female with 0.5 PPD smoking history presented after TIA two days prior with right ACA and MCA AIS secondary to right ICA occlusion (initial NIHSS = 7). CTA revealed mid-cervical right ICA occlusion without atherosclerotic disease in remaining intra or extracranial vessels. Hemoglobin and hematocrit on admission were 17.8/52.9%, erythropoietin 3.0, and JAK2 negative. Remaining labs were significant for HbA1c 5.4% and LDL 57. Given her fluctuating symptoms, she underwent right ICA stenting with clinical improvement upon discharge (NIHSS = 0). Case 2: 59 year old male with 2 PPD smoking history presented with right MCA AIS (initial NIHSS = 15) with completed infarction, outside of the window for cerebrovascular intervention. MRA revealed proximal right M2 occlusion without atherosclerotic disease in remaining vessels. Hemoglobin and hematocrit on admission were 20.6/58.0%, erythropoietin 3.9, and JAK2 negative. Remaining labs were significant for HbA1C 4.8% and LDL 67. After Hematology consultation, the patient was phlebotomized during hospitalization with clinical improvement upon discharge (NIHSS = 9). No obvious source of cardioembolism was found in either case on prolonged telemetry or echocardiography. Results: NA Conclusions: Extensive smoking history may lead to polycythemia, increasing the risk of not only microvascular cerebral ischemia, but LVO as well, which has not been shown extensively in prior literature. Polycythemia should be considered as part of the differential for atypical etiology of LVO and AIS. There may be a role for acute phlebotomy and/or intervention in the management of such cases. Disclosure: Dr. Mulpur has nothing to disclose. Dr. Handshoe has nothing to disclose. Dr. Buletko has nothing to disclose.
Acetylation in Mitochondria Dynamics and Neurodegeneration

Mitochondria are a unique intracellular organelle due to their evolutionary origin and multifunctional role in overall cellular physiology and pathophysiology. To meet the specific spatial metabolic demands within the cell, mitochondria are actively moving, dividing, or fusing. This process of mitochondrial dynamics is fine-tuned by a specific group of proteins and their complex post-translational modifications. In this review, we discuss the mitochondrial dynamics regulatory enzymes, their adaptor proteins, and the effect of acetylation on the activity of fusion and fission machinery as a ubiquitous response to metabolic stresses. Further, we discuss the role of intracellular cytoskeleton structures and their post-translational modifications in the modulation of mitochondrial fusion and fission. Finally, we review the role of mitochondrial dynamics dysregulation in the pathophysiology of acute brain injury and the treatment strategies based on modulation of NAD+-dependent deacetylation.
Thiamine transporter gene expression and exogenous thiamine modulate expression of genes in breast and lung cancers

1378 Eukaryotic cells possess specific mechanisms for the uptake of water-soluble vitamins, including folate and thiamine. In previous studies we found that the RNA expression of the thiamine transporter THTR2 (SLC19A3) was down-regulated in breast and lung tumors in comparison to non-malignant surrounding tissue. To determine whether down-regulation of THTR2 expression may influence cancer progression, we analyzed gene expression in THTR2-transfected breast cancer cell line (MTXRZR75) compared to mock-transfected cells using a DNA microarray (Affymetrix). We found that cytochrome P450 isoform CYP4B1was 4-fold increased and 15-prostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) was 2.7-fold increased in THTR2-transfected cells compared to control cells. Trefoil factor 1 (TFF1) was 2.6-fold decreased in THTR2-transfected cells. The microarray results were confirmed by quantitative RT PCR and western blot. To determine whether THTR2 expression had similar effects in other cell lines, we transfected THTR2 into MCF-7 and MDA-231 breast cancer cell lines. CYP4B1 RNA levels were 2.4-fold increased in THTR2-transfected MCF-7 cells compared to control cells. 15-PGDH RNA levels were 2.2-fold and 3.5-fold increased in transfected MCF-7 and MDA231cells, respectively. MDA231 cells did not have detectable expression of CYP4B1, so changes in its expression could not be measured. In addition, MDA231 cells also showed a 6.7-fold decrease in TFF1 gene expression after THTR2 transfection. To determine the role of exogenous thiamine in the expression of these three genes, we analyzed RNA levels of these genes in these cell lines by growing them in thiamine-depleted medium and demonstrated that two of three genes showed evidence of regulation by exogenous thiamine in the direction predicted by THTR2 transfection studies. CYP4B1was down-regulated by thiamine depletion and TFF1 was up-regulated by thiamine depletion. 15-PGDH RNA levels were not affected by thiamine depletion. Time-course studies of the effect of thiamine depletion and repletion on CYP4B1 and TFF1 show a gradual change in gene expression over an 8-day period. Since 15-PDGH and CYP4B1 are potentially involved in carcinogenesis, we determined whether there was evidence of coordinate regulation of these genes with THTR2 in lung tumors. These studies provide evidence that THTR2, 15-PGDH and CYP4B1 are all down-regulated in lung tumors in comparison to non-malignant surrounding tissue, and that TFF1 is up-regulated in lung tumors. In summary, these studies suggest potential links between thiamine metabolism and genes that may be involved in the oncogenesis of breast and lung cancer.
A Search for Molecular Hydrogen in the Interstellar Medium

Publisher Summary This chapter examines the search for molecular hydrogen in the interstellar medium. Detection of molecular hydrogen is spectroscopically difficult. The first bound excited state of the molecule lays 11 eV above the ground state, so that the electronic absorption spectrum is well into the ultraviolet. Preliminary observations of the spectrum of Venus showed that the tube had some remaining sensitivity at 11,622 A, and recorded the absorption bands of CO 2 at 12,300 A. The exposure times ranged from 1 to 4 h for the three stars at different camera speeds. Dark-current just began to show after 1.5 h, and a fogged layer of uniform optical density 0.3 was present after 4 h, which made the photometry less easy. Careful analysis made it possible to set upper limits of 0.5 m A to noise-limited lines, corresponding to a central depth of 1% of the continuum, for the averaged and integrated results of the image-sliced Kitt Peak spectra, and 3% for the Palomar plates. The discrepancy between the dynamically measured ratios of mass to radiant energy of the spiral galaxies, and the smaller ratio of mixtures of known stars with known atomic hydrogen clouds is also explained.
P -Function Approximations for Jet Momentum Flux

This technical note presents a functional relationship for the momentum flux in a submerged jet which is more easily computed than that suggested in a more comprehensive paper on the subject by the senior writer, W. Hall C. Maxwell in “Flux Development Region in Submerged Jets,” Journal of the Engineering Mechanics Div., ASCE, Vol.96, no EM6, 1970, pp. 1061-1079.
Synthesis and thermal analysis of hafnium polyesters

The synthesis of hafnium polyesters by the solution and interfacial techniques is presented: Thermal properties of the polyesters were studied by differential scanning calorimetry and thermal gravimetric analysis. Hafniumhaltige Polyester wurden auf folgendem Weg durch Grenzflachenpolykondensation hergestellt: Die thermischen Eigenschaften der Polyester wurden durch Differential-Thermoanalyse und thermogravimetrische Analyse untersucht.