cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Discovery of recurrent structural variants in nasopharyngeal carcinoma

.We present the discovery of genes recurrently involved in structural variation in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and the identification of a novel type of somatic structural variant. We identified the variants with high complexity mate-pair libraries and a novel computational algorithm specifically designed for tumor-normal comparisons, SMASH. SMASH combines signals from split reads and mate-pair discordance to detect somatic structural variants. We demonstrate a >90% validation rate and a breakpoint reconstruction accuracy of 3 bp by Sanger sequencing. Our approach identified three in-frame gene fusions (YAP1-MAML2, PTPLB-RSRC1, and SP3-PTK2) that had strong levels of expression in corresponding NPC tissues. We found two cases of a novel type of structural variant, which we call ‘‘coupled inversion,’’ one of which produced the YAP1-MAML2 fusion. To investigate whether the identified fusion genes are recurrent, we performed fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) to screen 196 independent NPC cases. We observed recurrent rearrangements of MAML2 (three cases), PTK2 (six cases), and SP3 (two cases), corresponding to a combined rate of structural variation recurrence of 6% among tested NPC tissues. [Supplemental material is available for this article.] Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a malignant neoplasm of the head and neck originating in the epithelial lining of the nasopharynx. It has a high incidence among the native people of the American Arctic and Greenland and in southern Asia (Yu and Yuan 2002). NPC is strongly linked to consumption of Cantonese salted fish (Ning et al. 1990) and infection with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) (Raab-Traub 2002), which is almost invariably present within the
Computer-aided design of VLSI second-order sections

A CAD tool is presented for producing very high throughput IIR filters. The architecture is a cascade of word-parallel, blocked, second-order sections. Because it is application-specific, it is a very high level CAD tool. An engineer only needs to specify 1) the word size W, 2) the block size B; and 3) each second-order section's coefficients. Using this information, the CAD tool will generate CIF files for a filter system that, operating at 10MHz, can process 5B/W million samples per second. Our purpose is to illustrate the benefits of applying both bit-level array architecture and application-specific CAD to the problem of IIR filtering. The resulting CAD system reduces the costs of very high throughput IIR filters with respect to design, fabrication, and operation.
Management of SSRI-Induced Sexual Dysfunction

OBJECTIVE:To describe the occurrence and management of sexual dysfunction induced by selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), to provide an overview of sexual dysfunction, reports of SSRI-induced sexual dysfunction, and management strategies.DATA SOURCES:Information was retrieved from a MEDLINE English-literature search from January 1986 to July 1998 and by review of references. Indexing terms included sexual dysfunction, antidepressants, selective serotonergic reuptake inhibitors, fluoxetine, sertraline, paroxetine, fluvoxamine, clomipramine, buspirone, nefazodone, bupropion, cyproheptadine, amantadine, yohimbine, and central nervous system stimulants.STUDY SELECTION:There are no controlled studies describing SSRI-induced sexual dysfunction or its management. Twenty-one studies are presented, including 2 open-label studies, 12 case series, and 7 case reports. SSRI-induced sexual dysfunction is described with fluoxetine, paroxetine, sertraline, and fluvoxamine for 3–24 weeks of therapy.DATA SYNTHE...
Deep Recursive Neural Networks for Compositionality in Language

Recursive neural networks comprise a class of architecture that can operate on structured input. They have been previously successfully applied to model com-positionality in natural language using parse-tree-based structural representations. Even though these architectures are deep in structure, they lack the capacity for hierarchical representation that exists in conventional deep feed-forward networks as well as in recently investigated deep recurrent neural networks. In this work we introduce a new architecture — a deep recursive neural network (deep RNN) — constructed by stacking multiple recursive layers. We evaluate the proposed model on the task of fine-grained sentiment classification. Our results show that deep RNNs outperform associated shallow counterparts that employ the same number of parameters. Furthermore, our approach outperforms previous baselines on the sentiment analysis task, including a multiplicative RNN variant as well as the recently introduced paragraph vectors, achieving new state-of-the-art results. We provide exploratory analyses of the effect of multiple layers and show that they capture different aspects of compositionality in language.
Bacterial and Clinical Characteristics of Health Care- and Community-Acquired Bloodstream Infections Due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Health care-associated infections, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa bloodstream infection, have been linked to delays in appropriate antibiotic therapy and an increased mortality rate. The objective of this study was to evaluate intrinsic virulence, bacterial resistance, and clinical outcomes of health care-associated bloodstream infections (HCABSIs) in comparison with those of community-acquired bloodstream infections (CABSIs) caused by P. aeruginosa. We conducted a retrospective multicenter study of consecutive P. aeruginosa bacteremia patients at two university-affiliated hospitals. Demographic, clinical, and treatment data were collected. Microbiologic analyses included in vitro susceptibility profiles and type III secretory (TTS) phenotypes. Sixty CABSI and 90 HCABSI episodes were analyzed. Patients with HCABSIs had more organ dysfunction at the time of bacteremia (P = 0.05) and were more likely to have been exposed to antimicrobial therapy (P < 0.001) than those with CABSIs. Ninety-two percent of the carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa infections were characterized as HCABSIs. The 30-day mortality rate for CABSIs was 26% versus 36% for HCABSIs (P = 0.38). The sequential organ failure assessment score at the time of bacteremia (hazard ratio [HR], 1.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1 to 1.3) and the TTS phenotype (HR 2.1; 95% CI, 1.1 to 3.9) were found to be independent predictors of the 30-day mortality rate. No mortality rate difference was observed between CABSIs and HCABSIs caused by P. aeruginosa. Severity of illness and expression of TTS proteins were the strongest predictors of the 30-day mortality rate due to P. aeruginosa bacteremia. Future P. aeruginosa bacteremia trials designed to neutralize TTS proteins are warranted.
Leveraging the structure of the Semantic Web to enhance information retrieval for proteomics

Motivation: Proteomics researchers need to be able to quickly retrieve relevant information from the web and the biomedical literature. To improve information retrieval, we leverage the structure of the semantic web, developing an approach for joining it with the largely opposing paradigm of unsupervised web search. Results: Our approach uses a Resource-Description-Framework (RDF) graph that inter-relates documents through their associated biological identifiers (e.g., protein ID). A search begins with a simple query term (UniProt identifier), which is expanded with terms extracted from documents in the RDF graph surrounding the query (“the subgraph”). We re-rank documents in the full corpus (e.g. all PubMed) by their cosine-similarity scores against a composite word-weight vector created from the subgraph. This vector is a weighted sum of individual word-weight vectors for documents at each node of the subgraph, taking into account the types of relationships between the central query identifier and the nodes connected to it. The computation also uses inverse document frequency (IDF) in a novel way to rescale the local word frequencies in the query's subgraph relative to that in other subgraphs. Applying our procedure to PubMed, we optimize weights for various relationships in the subgraph and benchmark overall performance in detail. Using a subgraph containing family relationships (from PFAM) results in a significant improvement in accuracy (as compared to not considering the subgraph in the search) when assessed against known relationships in the yeast literature. Moreover, we achieve this accuracy using only relatively simple and computationally efficient methods. Contact: mark.gerstein@yale.edu Supplementary information: http://hub.gersteinlab.org/ir-supp/
Trends in CHD in the United States

Coronary heart disease (CHD) death rates increased in the United States until the mid 1960s then declined. Declines were greater for acute myocardial infarction (AMI), for younger age groups, for the white population, and for higher socioeconomic groups. Trends in incidence are uncertain but in-hospital fatality rates have decreased. There have been major advances in diagnosis, prevention and treatment of CHD, and numbers of internists and cardiologists, emergency medical services, and coronary care units have increased. New potent medical and surgical treatments for acute and chronic CHD have been introduced. Reductions in risk factors include decreases in cigarette smoking especially among men, falls in mean systolic blood pressure, rises in the proportion of hypertensive adults who are treated and controlled, and reductions in plasma cholesterol. Consumption of whole milk, butter, and eggs decreased whereas use of low fat milk, cooking oils, poultry, fish, vegetables, and fruits increased. However, the prevalence of obesity has increased. CHD is still the leading cause of death, and its prevalence is expected to rise as the population increases at older ages and treatment prolongs survival of patients with CHD.
Novel low loss thin film materials for wireless 60 GHz application

RXP is a novel and emerging low loss thin core experimental material that has shown promising results as an RF dielectric substrate. In this paper, Ring Resonator Method was utilized to characterize its dielectric properties (relative permittivity and loss tangent) from 30 to 70 GHz frequency domain. BT, a PCB compatible substrate, and RO3003™, an RF organic material, were also characterized for the purpose of comparison. The measured dielectric constant for RXP4 is found to be stable near 3.13, and the loss tangent remains below 0.005. For RXP1, the dielectric constant averages 4.2, and its loss tangent stays below 0.01. To verify application of RXP at higher frequencies, an aperture-coupled patch antenna was designed at 60 GHz and fabricated using three metal layers. The performance of the antenna was found to be comparable to that of Liquid Crystal Polymer (LCP) substrate. The achieved bandwidth was ~3 GHz, and the gain was around 4.7 dBi (simulation results). The measured bandwidth on the fabricated antenna was ~2 GHz. These results show for the first time that RXP can be a good candidate material for wireless 60 GHz application.
Intravenous Diuretic Therapy for the Management of Heart Failure and Volume Overload in a Multidisciplinary Outpatient Unit

Objectives This study sought to evaluate the effectiveness of intravenous (IV) diuretic treatment for volume management in heart failure (HF). Background Limited data exist regarding IV diuretics for the outpatient treatment of volume overload in HF patients. Methods We analyzed 60 consecutive patients with chronic HF and clinical evidence of worsening congestion who received a bolus and 3-h IV infusion of furosemide at an outpatient HF clinic. Diuretic dosing was derived from the maintenance oral loop diuretic dose with a standardized conversion algorithm. Outcomes included urine output during the visit, weight loss at 24 h, and hospitalization and mortality at 30 days. Safety outcomes included hypokalemia and worsening of renal function. Outcomes were analyzed across subgroups defined by maintenance diuretic dose and ejection fraction (EF). Results The median age of the cohort was 70 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 58 to 80 years), and the median daily loop diuretic dose was 240 mg (IQR: 80 to 800 mg) oral furosemide or equivalent. Twenty-six patients (43.3%) were women, and 36 (60%) had an EF ≤45%. For the entire cohort, the median urine output and 24-h weight loss were 1.1 l (IQR: 0.6 to 1.4 l) and 1.1 kg (IQR: 0.2 to 1.9 kg), respectively. Outcomes were similar across patients with varying maintenance diuretic doses ( 300 mg of furosemide or equivalent) and in patients with reduced or preserved EF. Transient worsening of renal function and hypokalemia occurred in 10 patients (8.9%) and 4 patients (3.5%). Although hospitalization was reported as imminent for 28 patients (52.8%), the observed rate of all-cause hospitalization was 31.7% at 30 days with no deaths. Conclusions Short courses of IV diuretics for volume management in patients with HF were safe and associated with significant urine output and weight loss across a wide range of maintenance diuretic doses and EF. This strategy may provide an alternative to hospitalization for the management of selected HF patients.
Investigation of Genetic Hazards: Guidance from Occupational and Environmental Studies

There is a paradox in discussing the use of occupational experience in relation to individual susceptibility to genotoxic agents. First, disease that is seen occurs in individuals, and reflects their individual susceptibility. The research that is done, however, is focused on populations. Therefore, in this presentation I will move from one foot to the other. Secondly, there’s long been a curious dichotomy with regard to reproductive experience and occupational and environmental health matters. Curious, because there’s been a concordance in many ways. In each, both somatic and genetic material are included, many species can be affected, many different organs, different tissues, and both are very selective within populations. A large variety of agents can affect individuals in each, both males and females can be involved. Yet this dichotomy has continued.
Case 2: cardiogenic shock due to acute vascular rejection in a heart transplant recipient.

Interactive Grand Rounds is designed to provide health care providers with the opportunity to earn CME credit by accessing the Internet at www.ImmunologyEd.com. The program features a clinical case accompanied by a discussion of the case.
Pulse width modulation with frequency changing

Pulse width modulation (PWM) is widely used in different applications. PWM transform the information in the amplitude of a bounded input signal into the pulse width output signal, without suffering from quantization noise. The frequency of the output signal is usually constant. In this paper the new PWM system with frequency changing (PWMF) is described. In PWMF the pulse width and also frequency is changed, therefore 2 independents information are simultaneously transmitted, and PWM and frequency modulation (FM) are simultaneously used. But such system needs fast demodulator separately for PWM and FM. The circuit for fast demodulation of PWMF signal is also described and measuring results are presented. All described circuits were constructed and measured.
Network densification: Challenges and opportunities in enabling 5G

Network densification is an essential mechanism expected to enable next generation 5G networks to meet the highly anticipated 1000-fold increase in capacity. This article examines the challenges facing network densification, in terms of interference, energy and mobility. Moreover, some of the key technologies envisaged as enablers for next generation network densification (i.e., cloud-radio access and user-centric mechanisms, advanced inter-cell interference cancellation techniques, device-to-device communications, caching, and separation of control and user plane) are discussed. The challenges and opportunities facing dense network deployments presented in this work are critical antecedents for the evolutionary stages of developing envisioned 5G networks.
Preliminary LC-MS Based Screening for Inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum Thioredoxin Reductase (PfTrxR) among a Set of Antimalarials from the Malaria Box

Plasmodium falciparum thioredoxin reductase (PfTrxR) has been identified as a potential drug target to combat growing antimalarial drug resistance. Medicines for Malaria Venture (MMV) has pre-screened and identified a set of 400 antimalarial compounds called the Malaria Box. From those, we have evaluated their mechanisms of action through inhibition of PfTrxR and found new active chemical scaffolds. Five compounds with significant PfTrxR inhibitory activity, with IC50 values ranging from 0.9–7.5 µM against the target enzyme, were found out of the Malaria Box.
Abstract 797: Characterization of endogenous antibodies to tumor

Early detection of malignancy is crucial for long-term survival in patients with various types of cancer; however, this remains a challenge in a wide variety of tumors. This study tests whether a patient9s own antibodies can be used diagnostically for early detection. It has been proposed that the body is undergoing continuous surveillance by the immune system, with elimination of newly transformed cells. Cancer becomes a clinical problem when the immune system fails to eliminate these cells. Many studies have looked at the immune system, particularly antibodies, as a therapeutic tool against tumor-associated antigens. However, single antigens are rarely sensitive or specific for a certain tumor type. The use of panels of antigens and antibodies has increased the sensitivity of tumor detection, however not sufficiently. We tested if the polyclonal spectra of antibodies that an individual creates can still detect tumors even if the immune system cannot eliminate the tumor. These antibodies will vary considerably in affinity and specificity. The goal was to determine if they could serve as a dependable and reliable means to detect microscopic foci of tumor, and distinguish transformed from normal tissue. We therefore tested for the presence of endogenous antibodies in tissue from multiple mouse models of cancer, including models consisting of over expression of an oncogene in addition to deletion of a tumor suppressor gene. We obtained tissue from four mouse models of tumor: liver tissue from transgenic alb-myc mice, breast tissue from transgenic MMTV-neu mice, and prostate tissue from two prostate models (a transgenic Pb-myc model and a knock-out PTEN model). These were compared to matched tissue samples from wild-type mice. Paraffin embedded and frozen section slides of test and matched wild-type tissue were tested for the presence of endogenous antibody with immunofluorescence, using a rabbit secondary anti-mouse IgG. Immunofluorescence with a goat anti-rabbit IgG served as a negative control. There was a significantly higher intensity of immunofluorescence in tissue from mice genetically engineered to have tumors compared to the wild-type mice. Adjacent sections stained with HE 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 797. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-797
Adrenocortical insufficiency: a medical emergency.

Adrenal insufficiency is a deceptive disorder. Insidious in onset, chronic in nature, it can suddenly progress into an acute life-threatening condition that may mimic disorders of vastly different etiologies. The result can be a lethal delay in diagnosis. Prompt diagnosis and replacement of glucocorticoids and fluids are essential for survival. Acute adrenal insufficiency is frequently an exacerbation of an underlying chronic disorder of the adrenal cortex or pituitary gland. Yet any patient who has been treated with suppressive doses of glucocorticoids (e.g., cortisol, prednisone), experienced overwhelming sepsis, has received anticoagulant therapy, or has endstage metastatic carcinoma may suddenly develop adrenal insufficiency along with its deadly sequela of hypovolemic shock, hyperkalemia, hyponatremia, and hypoglycemia. Successful management of this condition requires not only a heightened clinical awareness of adrenal insufficiency, but effective stress reduction interventions and a thorough patient and family teaching program to support lifelong control of the disease.
[Study on the relationship between breast cancer resistance protein expression and 5-fluorouracil resistance].

0bjectlve To screen breast cancer resistance protein BCRP-mediated resistance agents and to investigate the relations between BCRP expression and drug resistance. Methods MTY assay was performed to screen BCRP-mediated resistant agents with established BCRP expression cell model. While, the high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay was administrated to measure the related dosageof intracellular retention resistant agents. The BCRP expression was investigated by both real-time RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry (IHC) assay in 140 clinical breast cancer tissue specimens. Chemosensitivity to resistant agents for clinical breast cancer tissue specimens was analyzed by MTT assay. The Nonparametric variance statistics method was used to analyze the correlations between clinical breast cancer tissue of BCRP expression and drug resistance. Resuits MTF assay showed that increasing resistance of 5-fluorouracil(5-Fu)climbed with the increases of山e BCRP expressions by 10.58 times(P<0.05,n=3)in cell model. HPLC assay also proved that a significant negative correlation between the intracellular retention doseof 5.Fu with different expression of BCRP(r=一0.897,P<0.05,n=3).F10ny-seven tissue specimens ofBCRP.positive expression were rapidly determined by using both real-time RT-PCR and IHC in 140 clinical breast cancer tissue specimens. Subsequently, the resistance index (RI) for 47 BCRP-positive clinical breast cancer tissues to 5-Fu was shown from 7 to 12 times compared with normal cancer-side tissues through M1Trassay.The statistical correlation between BCRP expression and 5-Fu resistance was observed in clinical breast cancer tissue specimens (R2=0.8124,P<0.01). Conclusion This study results showed that there is a significant relationship between BCRP expression and 5-Fu resistance. Moreover, the results suggest that the chemotherapy scheme could be optimized on BCRP-positive expression breast cancer patients. Key words: Breat cancer resistance protein; Fluorouracil; Breast neoplasms; Drug resistance, neoplasm
The Role of Liturgical Forms in Early Anabaptist Worship: Toward an Anabaptist Liturgical Theology

Pour discerner le sens et l'intention de l'expression liturgique anabaptiste, il faut situer le point hermeneutique d'entree dans une etude de l'interpretation theologique qu'ils ont faite de leur experience religieuse. Cette interpretation est construite sur la relation entre l'anabaptisme allemand et le mysticisme allemand. La liturgie anabaptiste suit la trajectoire de la voie mystique («via mystica») des traditions du mysticisme allemand, surtout Maitre Eckhart et la «Theologia Germanica». Les anabaptistes allemands ont toutefois apporte des adaptations creatives, ont change la definition de «ecclesia», et transforme le sens de la liturgie qui reinterpretait le caractere fondamental du sacre ou de ce qui est saint.
In Situ NANO-Indentation of Round Window Membrane

The round window membrane (RWM) is the terminal boundary between the fluid-filled inner ear and air-filled middle ear where the sound wave is released from the inner ear after exciting the neuronal sound transducers in the basilar membrane. For the treatment of inner ear diseases, the RWM is an attractive entrance to introduce therapeutic reagents by producing micro-scale perforations. Therefore, the mechanical properties of this collagen-fiber-reinforced membrane are critical in understanding the functional role in hearing and engineering a device for drug delivery.
Human observers differ in ability to perceive insect diversity

Human perception of biological variation is an important and understudied issue in the conservation and management of natural resources. Here, we took a novel approach by asking 1152 participants, primarily college biology students, to score examples of insect mimicry by the number of distinct kinds of animals they saw. Latent class analysis successfully separated participants based on their accuracy of perception as well as demographic information and opinions about biodiversity. Contrary to expectations, factors such as childhood experience (growing up in urban, suburban or rural areas) did not affect the ability to see biodiversity as much as political views (location on a spectrum from liberal to conservative) or the position that biodiversity is important for the health of the environment. We conclude that research into effective measures of biological education should consider the connection between personal views and perceptions of natural variation.
Proof Without Words: The Automorphism Group of the Petersen Graph Is Isomorphic to S5

SummaryThe automorphism group of the Petersen graph is known to be isomorphic to the symmetric group on 5 elements. This proof without words provides an insightful and colorful image that proves this fact, without words. The image represents the Petersen graph with the ten 3-element subsets of {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} as vertices, and two vertices are adjacent when they have precisely one element in common. This representation of the Petersen Graph is similar to the Kneser graph K G5,2, a nice picture of which can be found in John Baez's Visual Insight blog.
Draft Genome Sequences of Four Salmonella enterica Strains Isolated from Turkey-Associated Sources.

ABSTRACT We report the draft genomes of four Salmonella enterica isolates evaluated for the contribution of plasmids to virulence. Strains SE163A, SE696A, and SE710A carry plasmids demonstrated to facilitate plasmid-associated virulence, while SE819 is less virulent and has been used as a recipient for conjugation experiments to assess plasmid-encoded virulence mechanisms.
Old Wisdom in the New World: Americanization in Two Immigrant Theravada Buddhist Temples

This Book Review is brought to you for free and open access by the Theological Studies at Digital Commons @ Loyola Marymount University and Loyola Law School. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theological Studies Faculty Works by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons@ Loyola Marymount University and Loyola Law School. For more information, please contact digitalcommons@lmu.edu. Repository Citation Chapple, Christopher Key, "Old Wisdom in the New World: Americanization in Two Immigrant Theravada Buddhist Temples" (1998). Theological Studies Faculty Works. 91. http://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/theo_fac/91
Audiologic characteristics in a sample of recently-separated military Veterans: The Noise Outcomes in Servicemembers Epidemiology Study (NOISE Study)

Abstract Military Service Members are often exposed to high levels of occupational noise, solvents, and other exposures that can be damaging to the auditory system. Little is known about hearing loss and how it progresses in Veterans following military service. This epidemiology study is designed to evaluate and monitor a cohort of Veterans for 20 years or more to determine how hearing loss changes over time and how those changes are related to noise exposure and other ototoxic exposures encountered during military service. Data reported here are from baseline assessments of the first 100 study participants (84 males; 16 females; mean age 33.5 years; SD 8.8; range 21–58). Each participant was asked to complete a comprehensive audiologic examination and self-report questionnaires regarding sociodemographic characteristics, noise and solvent exposures, health conditions common among post-deployment Veterans, and the social and emotional consequences of hearing loss. For this relatively young cohort, 29% exhibited hearing loss, defined as average hearing threshold >20 dB HL in the conventional audiometric range. Forty-two percent exhibited hearing loss in the extended-high-frequency audiometric range using the same criterion (average hearing threshold >20 dB HL). Certain factors were found to be associated with poorer hearing in both conventional and extended-high-frequency ranges, including age, type of military branch, years of military service, number of military deployments, noise exposure, tinnitus, and a positive screen for post-traumatic stress disorder. Although the majority of participants had hearing within normal limits, 27% reported a self-perceived mild/moderate hearing handicap and 14% reported a significant handicap. Further research is needed to identify a cause for this discrepancy in audiologic results versus self-report. The information obtained from this longitudinal study could be used in future resource planning with the goal of preventing, as much as possible, the development of hearing loss during military service, and the exacerbation of prevalent hearing loss after military service and over Veterans' lifetimes.
Climate change enhances interannual variability of the Nile river flow

Nile basin countries are expected to double their population by 2050. Observations and climate model projections now suggest water resources may be additionally stretched by a 50% (±35%) increase in interannual Nile flow variability in the twenty-first century. The human population living in the Nile basin countries is projected to double by 2050, approaching one billion1. The increase in water demand associated with this burgeoning population will put significant stress on the available water resources. Potential changes in the flow of the Nile River as a result of climate change may further strain this critical situation2,3. Here, we present empirical evidence from observations and consistent projections from climate model simulations suggesting that the standard deviation describing interannual variability of total Nile flow could increase by 50% (±35%) (multi-model ensemble mean ± 1 standard deviation) in the twenty-first century compared to the twentieth century. We attribute the relatively large change in interannual variability of the Nile flow to projected increases in future occurrences of El Nino and La Nina events4,5 and to observed teleconnection between the El Nino–Southern Oscillation and Nile River flow6,7. Adequacy of current water storage capacity and plans for additional storage capacity in the basin will need to be re-evaluated given the projected enhancement of interannual variability in the future flow of the Nile river.
Polymorphisms in CYP2C9 are associated with response to indomethacin among neonates with patent ductus arteriosus.

Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a common complication seen in preterm infants. Indomethacin is routinely used to treat PDA. Evidence suggests that the response of indomethacin is highly heritable. This study investigated the association between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in CYP2C9 and the closure of PDA in response to indomethacin. Six SNPs in CYP2C9 were analyzed for association with indomethacin response. A case–control analysis was performed among neonates who responded to indomethacin (responders) and among those who required surgical ligation (non-responders). Independent transmission disequilibrium tests were performed among parent–child trios of responders and non-responders. The G allele of rs2153628 was associated with increased odds of response to indomethacin in the case–control analysis (odds ratios (OR): 1.918, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.056, 3.483). Among indomethacin responders, the G allele of rs2153628 and the T allele of rs1799853 were overtransmitted from the parents to their child (OR: 2.667, 95% CI: 1.374, 5.177 and OR: 2.375, 95% CI: 1.040, 5.425, respectively), consistent with the case–control analysis. We identified an association between two SNPs in CYP2C9, rs2153628 and rs1799853, and indomethacin response for the treatment of PDA. These findings suggest that response to indomethacin in the closure of PDA may be influenced by polymorphisms associated with altered indomethacin metabolism.
On J. M. Keynes's 1936 Suggestion of a Keynes-Neoclassical Synthesis to Harrod and Hicks: Why It Fell on Deaf Ears

In 1936,Keynes suggested to both Hicks and Harrod that a synthesis between his mathematical model and the neoclassical model was possible. Keynes never received any written response from either Hicks or Harrod on his suggestion during his life time. It was left to Paul Samuelson to institute such a synthesis in 1955. Keynes’s model of his theory and the neoclassical limiting case is provided at the end of chapter 15 and in chapters 20 and 21 of the General Theory in his elasticity models. Elasticities with values such as ep=1, eo=0, e=1, ed=1, and ew=1 represent shapes and outcomes of the neoclassical limiting case. Values of ed and e less than 1 are Keynes’s general case. The elasticity of Keynes’s aggregate supply curve depends on the elasticities and slopes of Keynes’s aggregate supply function, Z, and Keynes’s aggregate demand function, D. Keynes used the first and second derivatives to show that Z MUST be a straight line, upward sloping curve, that D (and Y) MUST be concave curves and that the aggregate supply curve, or Z=D locus, MUST be a convex curve. This directly conflicts with Backhouse’s claims that Keynes never identified his General Theory functions as being curves, because, according to Backhouse, Keynes used the word curves only to refer to the classical(neoclassical) analysis. Of course, basic differential calculus covers the use of the first two derivatives for the purpose of fitting curves for specific functions. In fact, again contrary to Backhouse, Keynes does not work out any of his elasticity analysis in the footnotes in chapter 20. See Backhouse, 2010, p.140, footnote 11, p.146. The footnotes only give the final result. It requires an additional 20 pages of intermediate mathematical steps, graphs, and analysis to derive all of Keynes’s elasticity results on pp. 281-286 and pp. 304-306 of the General Theory. Harrod and Hicks did not respond to Keynes's offer because they could not follow Keynes’s specification of his more general results in Keynes’s elasticity analysis in chapters 20 and 21. Nor could they follow Keynes’s analysis in section IV of chapter 15.
Recovery of metal values from copper slag and reuse of residual secondary slag

Resource and environmental factors have become major forces in mining and metallurgy sectors driving research for sustainability purposes. The concept of zero-waste processing has been gaining ground readily. The scant availability of high quality raw materials has forced the researchers to shift their focus to recycling while the exceedingly stringent environmental regulations have forced researchers to explore new frontiers of minimizing/eliminating waste generation. The present work is aimed at addressing both aspects by employing recycling to generate wealth from copper slag and producing utilizable materials at the same time thus restoring the ecosystem. Copper slag was characterized and processed. The pyro-metallurgical processing prospects to generate utilizable materials were arrived at through rigorous thermodynamic analysis. Carbothermal reduction at elevated temperature (near 1440°C) helped recover a majority of the metal values (e.g., Fe, Cu and Mo) into the iron-rich alloy product which can be a feed material for steel making. On the other hand, the non-metallic residue, the secondary slag, can be used in the glass and ceramic industries. Reduction time and temperature and carbon content were shown to be the most important process variables for the reaction which were optimized to identify the most favored operating regime that maximizes the metal recovery and simultaneously maximizes the hardness of the secondary slag and minimizes its density, the two major criteria for the secondary slag product to be utilizable. The flux addition level was shown to have relatively less impact on the process performance if these are maintained at an adequate level. The work established that the copper slag, a waste material, can be successfully processed to generate reusable products through pyrometallurgical processing.
Erratum to “1-affine completeness of compatible modules”

We correct a theorem in the original paper concerning when a composition series of a compatible nearring module is a 1-affine complete chain.
Riddles, mysteries, and enigmas: communication, teaching, and learning beyond the traditional classroom

I have been a teacher my entire adult life. Every full-time job I have ever had has been in a university setting. Every piece of research I have conducted and published, save one study, has been co...
The Stories We Tell: Toward a Feminist Narrative in the Anthropocene

In Staying with the Trouble, ecofeminist Donna Haraway argues for multispecies collaboration and storytelling as a necessary response to the crisis of the Anthropocene.Ultimately Haraway’s focus is on the possibility of response through multispecies collaboration.This is a largely presentist project, and although at times she evokes an awareness of the future and acknowledges the need to learn from (respond to) the past, her text rarely takes into account the conditions that created the Anthropocene as part of the necessary response required to overcome the crisis.In this paper, I highlight four specific narrative criteria that connect other noted critiques of modernity to Haraway’s major arguments to achieve two major aims.First, I offer a close reading of Haraway’s text to synthesize her arguments for a new cultural narrative in clearly defined criteria.Second, I extend Haraway’s argument to account for remaining legacies of imperialism and globalization that—while mentioned in the text from time to time—generally go unexplored in the practical application of her proposed narrative.Through this reading of Haraway’s newest manifesto, I establish key components for a narrative that can meet Haraway’s goal of multispecies collaboration while also more adequately taking the past into account as a vital part of moving forward.Ultimately, this paper will critically engage with recent criticism of Western ideas of modernity, progress, and the Anthropocene to articulate criteria for a feminist narrative that can decenter the individual (the human) as figure of key concern and advocate for a more collaborative understanding of life (existence) without neglecting the conditions that created the current system.
Information Geometry with (Para-)Kähler Structures

We investigate conditions under which a statistical manifold \(\mathfrak {M}\) (with a Riemannian metric g and a pair of torsion-free conjugate connections \(\nabla , \nabla ^*\)) can be enhanced to a (para-)Kahler structure. Assuming there exists an almost (para-)complex structure L compatible with g on a statistical manifold \(\mathfrak {M}\) (of even dimension), then we show \((\mathfrak {M}, g, L, \nabla )\) is (para-)Kahler if \(\nabla \) and L are Codazzi coupled. Other equivalent characterizations involve a symplectic form \(\omega \equiv g(L \cdot , \cdot )\). In terms of the compatible triple \((g, \omega , L)\), we show that (i) each object in the triple induces a conjugate transformation on \(\nabla \) and becomes an element of an (Abelian) Klein group; (ii) the compatibility of any two objects in the triple with \(\nabla \) leads to the compatible quadruple \((g, \omega , L , \nabla )\) in which any pair of objects are mutually compatible. This is what we call Codazzi-(para-)Kahler manifold [8] which admits the family of torsion-free \(\alpha \)-connections (convex mixture of \(\nabla , \nabla ^*\)) compatible with \((g, \omega , L)\). Finally, we discuss the properties of divergence functions on \(\mathfrak {M}\times \mathfrak {M}\) that lead to Kahler (when \(L=J, J^2=-id\)) and para-Kahler (when \(L=K, K^2= id\)) structures.
Substance Use and Abuse

This chapter explores the impact of discrimination, stigma, and bias on the substance use and abuse of LGBT (including MSM or men who have sex with men) individuals in the United States and globally. The chapter discusses prior research demonstrating that substance use (e.g., alcohol, other drugs, and smoking) is a serious public health concern for the general population in the United States (e.g., Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration [SAMHSA], Results from the 2009 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Volume 1. Summary of National Findings, 2012). Additionally, the rates of substance use disorder diagnoses among LGBT and MSM individuals are disproportionately high as compared with heterosexual individuals (e.g., Green & Feinstein, 2012). These elevated rates of substance use disorders combined with higher rates of HIV and some STIs (sexually transmitted infections) among those who identify as LGBT suggest that substance use may be more likely to result in HIV or STIs in LGBT individuals as compared with heterosexuals (e.g., Kahler et al., 2015).
Performance of Traditional Pretest Probability Estimates in Stable Patients Undergoing Myocardial Perfusion Imaging.

Background: The yield of myocardial perfusion imaging is low in contemporary patients with suspected coronary artery disease (CAD) selected based on American College of Cardiology Foundation/Americ...
Coupled Dynamics of Colloidal Nanoparticle Spreading and Self-Assembly at a Fluid-Fluid Interface.

We investigated the physicochemical and transport phenomena governing the self-assembly of colloidal nanoparticles at the interface of two immiscible fluids. By combining in-situ grazing incidence ...
Effect of single operator cholangioscopy on accuracy of bile duct cytology.

Introduction This is the first study to evaluate the accuracy of bile duct brushings since the introduction of single operator cholangioscopy SpyGlass DS system in 2015. The primary aim of our study was to compare the accuracy of cytology brushings against biopsies obtained at endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and cholangioscopy. Method A retrospective search for bile duct brushing specimens was performed and the charts reviewed. The gold standard for definitive diagnosis of malignancy was surgical tissue or compelling clinical evidence of malignancy. Definite negative diagnosis relied on lack of clinical/imaging features of malignancy on follow-up. Results There was no significant difference in diagnostic accuracy of cytology specimens obtained at different procedures. Overall sensitivity for all methods was 59%, specificity 90% and accuracy of 82%. Notably, all four false-positive cases except for one were from patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis or primary biliary sclerosis. There was no significant difference in sensitivity or specificity between biopsies procured by the two methods. The combined biopsy sensitivity for all modalities was 44% with a specificity of 100%. There was 70% concordance between cytology and biopsy cases. The overall specificity and sensitivity of the combined cytology and biopsy result was 85% and 65.3%, respectively. Ranking of factors that predict clinical diagnosis shows cytology results to surpass other parameters including pancreatic mass, age and stenosis length. Similarly, the presence of two cell populations and three-dimensional clusters was not nearly as predictive of malignancy as single malignant cells. Conclusion Biliary brush cytology specimens performed better than biopsies irrespective of whether they are procured during ERCP or cholangioscopy. The combination of cytology and biopsy had the best accuracy than either one alone.
On the surface: Skin microbial exposure contributes to allergic disease.

Abstract Objective To discuss the skin microbiome modulates immunity by interactions between skin immunology with keratinocytes to combat pathogens. Allergic disorders are classified by immunoglobulin E sensitivity and aberrant TH2 cell responses, and an increasing number of studies have described the associations with skin microbiome fluctuations. In this review, we discuss commensal-epidermal homeostasis and its influence on allergic disease. Data Sources All included references were obtained from the PubMed database. Study Selections Studies addressing relevant aspects of commensal-epidermal homeostasis, skin microbiome dysbiosis, microbiome-targeted therapeutics, and prevention in allergy were included. Results Homeostasis between the commensal microbiome and the epidermis is important in protecting against allergic disease. Commensals promote antiallergic TH1 and TH17 immunophenotypes within the skin and induce keratinocytes to secrete antimicrobial peptides and alarmins that enhance barrier function and antagonize proallergic organisms. Perturbations in this homeostasis, however, is associated with allergic disease development. Atopic dermatitis is associated with decreases in skin commensals and increases in the pathogen, Staphylococcus aureus. Fluctuations in the skin microbiome contributes to decreased barrier dysfunction, allergic sensitization, and TH2 cytokine secretion. Little is known about how the skin microbiome affects food allergy, allergic rhinitis, and asthma, and it is poorly understood how cutaneous inflammation influences systemic allergic responses. Therapies are targeted toward maintenance of the skin barrier, replacement of healthy commensals, and anti-TH2 biologic therapy. Conclusion Although the effects of commensal-epidermal homeostasis on allergy within the skin are becoming increasingly clear, future studies are necessary to assess its effects on extracutaneous allergic disorders and explore potential therapeutics targeting the skin microbiome.
WIC Participants' Perspectives About Online Ordering and Technology in the WIC Program.

Abstract Objective The objective of this study was to assess the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) participants’ perceptions about ordering WIC groceries online. Methods Qualitative semistructured interviews were conducted with 24 WIC participants in East Tennessee from May to October 2019. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using a grounded theory approach. Results Participants were interested in online ordering and spoke favorably about delivery and pickup options. Participants were willing to pay $2–5 to order online, though they were more willing to pay for a home or curbside delivery than an in-store pickup. Participants suggested additional ways to integrate technology into WIC food retail operations, such as providing benefit balances via text message and developing a mobile phone application for Tennessee WIC. Conclusions and Implications Findings can inform pilot tests for WIC online ordering.
Exoplanets and Radio Astronomy Beyond Earth

Jupiter's radio emission has been linked to its planetary-scale magnetic field, and spacecraft investigations have revealed that most planets, and some moons, have or had a global magnetic field. Generated by internal dynamos, magnetic fields are one of the few remote sensing means of constraining the properties of planetary interiors. For the Earth, its magnetic field has been speculated to be partially responsible for its habitability, and knowledge of an extrasolar planet's magnetic field may be necessary to assess its habitability. The radio emission from Jupiter and other solar system planets is produced by an electron cyclotron maser, and detections of extrasolar planetary electron cyclotron masers will enable measurements of extrasolar planetary magnetic fields. Key advances would include the ground-based detection of the radio emission from Jovian-mass planets and laying the technological foundations for space-based detections of the radio emissions from lower-mass planets.