cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
STUDIES OF CONTROLLED REPERFUSION AFTER ISCHEMIA: X. Reperfusate composition: Supplemental role of intravenous and intracoronary coenzyme Q10 in avoiding reperfusion damage

This study tests the hypothesis that the oxygen radical scavenger coenzyme Q10 can be given both intravenously and in the cardioplegic solution and can improve muscle salvage following surgical revascularization. Pilot studies were carried out in dogs undergoing 40 minutes of coronary artery ligation with reperfusion with normal blood, with the heart in the beating, working state. Intravenous infusions of coenzyme Q10 (10 mg/kg) 5 minutes before reperfusion resulted in improved recovery of creatine phosphate, adenosine triphosphate, total adenine nucleotide, and myocardial function reserve estimated by postextrasystolic potentiation, in comparison with the degree of recovery in untreated dogs. Experimental studies were done on 27 dogs undergoing 2 hours of left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion and subsequent reperfusion with and without total vented bypass. Thirteen dogs received intravenous coenzyme Q10 10 minutes before extracorporeal circulation, six received substrate-enriched blood cardioplegic solution with added coenzyme Q10, and six received normal blood reperfusate. Six others had cardioplegic reperfusion without coenzyme Q10. The systolic bulging that occurred during ischemia (ultrasonic crystals) persisted after reperfusion with normal blood (–25% systolic shortening, p
Torsion and the Contralateral Testicle

AbstractThe histologic effect of unilateral torsion on the contralateral testicle in adult Noble rats was examined. Utilizing detorsion or orchiectomy at 3 hours and 24 hours after torsion, the effect of early and late treatment of these changes was reviewed. The histologic changes consisted of loss of tubular spermatozoa, clumping of chromatin within the spermatocytes, the presence of Sertoli-only cells, evacuolization of Sertoli cytoplasm and germinal epithelial sloughing. Depression of spermatogenesis and decrease in the mean seminiferous tubular size was seen in the “normal” testicle after unilateral torsion. This effect was negated by early treatment with either orchiectomy or detorsion. Late detorsion does not negate these effects and late orchiectomy only partially negates them. Despite the depressed tubular function, the presence of early spermatogenic elements seen in the majority of the tubules in the “normal” testicle implies the possible reversibility of these changes.
The Role of Business in Society

When thinking about the role of business in society we find ourselves already confined by certain implicit assumptions. We tend to assume that business exists as separate from society. However, in fact, as one of the most important human institutions, business is central to the way in which we constitute a society and how we live within society. Business therefore helps define society as such. By the same token, our views about ‘society’ ought to give shape to what is perceived as ‘business’. When one conceives of the relationship between business and society as one of codetermination, a lot is at stake. It is in and through this relationship, amongst some others, that we define who we are and how we want to live.
Preparation of MoS2–reduced graphene oxide (rGO) hybrid paper for catalytic applications by simple exfoliation–costacking

Abstract MoS2–graphene oxide (GO) hybrids of different compositions were prepared in the form of a few micron thick flexible paper by a simple ambient condition evaporation of a mixture of colloidal dispersions of ammoniated MoS2 and GO. These, on thermal reduction at 400 °C, convert to MoS2–reduced graphene oxide (rGO) hybrids, retaining the macroscopic paper-like structure. These hybrids act as efficient photocatalysts for organic dye degradation and catalyze the reduction of nitrocompounds by sodium borohydride almost as well as 1T–MoS2. MoS2 is present in both 1T and 2H forms in the hybrids. As the rGO content increases, the hybrid gets richer in 1T–MoS2, leading to increased catalytic efficiency.
Effect of selected insecticides on the leaffooted bug (Hemiptera: Coreidae).

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of acetamiprid (577 µg/ml), dicrotophos (3806 µg/ml), oxamyl (2883 µg/ml) and thiamethoxam (715 µg/ml) on 2nd and 4th instars, and adults of the leaffooted bug, Leptoglossus phyllopus. Residual toxicity experiments were conducted to determine the effect on leaffooted bugs when walking on residues of the insecticides in Petri dishes. Oral toxicity experiments were conducted to determine the effect on leaffooted bugs when feeding on food contaminated with insecticide residues. In residual toxicity tests, a significant insecticide effect was detected for percentage mortality data 4 days after treatment of 2nd and 4th instars and adults. Residues of all insecticides were highly toxic to 2nd instars. Residues of acetamiprid, dicrotophos and oxamyl were highly toxic to 4th instars, but thiamethoxam was only slightly toxic to these immature leaffooted bugs. Residues of dicrotophos were more toxic to adults than residues of the other three insecticides. Acetamiprid was moderately toxic, oxamyl was slightly toxic, and thiamethoxam was almost non-toxic to adults in these tests. In oral toxicity tests, a significant insecticide effect was detected for percentage mortality data 4 days after treatment of 2nd and 4th instars, and adults. Oxamyl was not very toxic to all developmental stages of the leaffooted bug feeding on insecticide-treated pole beans [? Phaseolus vulgaris]. The other three insecticides were moderately toxic to 2nd instars feeding on food covered with insecticide residues. Dicrotophos was very toxic to adults. Thiamethoxam was moderately toxic whereas acetamiprid was non-toxic to 4th instars and adults.
Beliefs About Corporate America and the Structure of Opinions Toward Privatization

This research analyzes the individual-level factors associated with public support for the private provision of public goods and services. Given that privatization requires the transfer of authority from public to private entities, we argue that beliefs about private companies are an important and overlooked source of heterogeneity in explaining public policy preferences toward privatization. We test this expectation using survey data from the 2014 Cooperative Congressional Election Study. We find that support for privatization is associated with positive beliefs about the motivation of private companies and with favorable views about corporate accountability relative to the accountability of government. Opposition to privatization is associated with beliefs about corporate influence in politics. Preferences for limited government are also associated with support for privatization. These results highlight the potential for beliefs about private companies to serve as a group heuristic in political reasoning and the ability of citizens to make reasoned choices on complex public policy issues.
Noninvasive monitoring of brain edema after hypoxia in newborn piglets.

BackgroundDevelopment of cerebral edema after brain injury carries a high risk for brain damage and death. The present study tests the ability of a noninvasive cerebral edema monitoring system that uses near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) with water as the chromophore of interest to detect brain edema following hypoxia.MethodsVentilated piglets were exposed to hypoxia for 1 h, and then returned to normal oxygen levels for 4 h. An NIRS sensor was placed on the animal's head at baseline, and changes in light attenuation were converted to changes in H2O. Cerebral water content and aquaporin-4 protein (AQP4) expression were measured.ResultsThe system detected changes in NIRS-derived water signal as early as 2 h after hypoxia, and provided fivefold signal amplification, representing a 10% increase in brain water content and a sixfold increase in AQP4, 4 h after hypoxia. Changes in water signal correlated well with changes in cerebral water content (R=0.74) and AQP4 expression (R=0.97) in the piglet brain.ConclusionThe data show that NIRS can detect cerebral edema early in the injury process, thus providing an opportunity to initiate therapy at an earlier and more effective time-point after an insult than is available with current technology.
Congenital Agranulocytosis: Prolonged Survival and Terminal Acute Leukemia

Three unrelated, Caucasian patients with a disorder resembling infantile genetic agranulocytosis have been studied. There was no history of consanguinity. Parents and siblings were normal. Onset occurred before 3 weeks of age and persisted throughout life. All had severe neutropenia, myeloid arrest pattern of the bone marrow, eosinophilia, monocytosis and hyperglobulinemia. Other congenital anomalies were not present. Their clinical courses were characterized by recurrent, severe bacterial infections particularly of the skin, mouth and lungs but without bacteremia. The infections responded to, but were not prevented by antibiotics, which were administered almost continuously. Fungal infections did not occur and viral infections were not severe. Splenectomy and corticosteroids were without apparent benefit. Relative, though transient, neutrophilia occurred during a few episodes of infection. Chromosome analysis was normal in two of the patients. In one, maturation of neutrophilic leukocytes was not observed in cultures of bone marrow to which normal serum or cysteine was added. One boy is living at 14 10/12 years of age, and one died at 13¾ years of disseminated infection. A unique occurrence was the development of terminal acute leukemia (monocytic) in the third patient, a girl at the age of 14¼ years.
Atomic force microscopy study of silica nanopowder compacts

Nanometer silica powders compacted at different pressures have been studied by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Local elastic moduli measurements made on the powder compacts yield values smaller than that of bulk silica. Loading force-distance curves measured show break points at some critical pressures. AFM images obtained at constant contact forces above and below the critical force at which a break point occured show the break point was a result of AFM tip plowing into the nanometer powder compacts. The applied force required for break points to occur increases with sample density. Such a behavior has been qualitatively explained in terms of adhesion force between nanoparticle and sample surface morphology.
Deconstructing the Body: Transgender and Intersex Identities & Sex Discrimination – The Need for a Strict Scrutiny Approach

Despite the judiciary’s belief in the permanency and inevitability of sex, and its confidence hat “[e]very schoolchild, even of tender years . . . can tell the difference [between a man and a woman],” even at the level of biology, sexual identities evade neat and tidy description and binary categorization. Every year, hundreds of people seek to change their legal genders like J’Noel Gardiner – resisting the notion that sex is fixed and determined at birth. In addition, every year hundreds of infants are born intersex – with bodies that fuse the chromosomes, hormones, gonads, genitals, internal sex organs and secondary sex characteristics typically thought to be so defining of “male” and “female.”Faced with the true complexity of sex difference and sexual identities, the binary sex classification system can only be viewed as an arbitrary system that disciplines the body and naturalizes the notions of “male and female” in ways that defy logic, compassion and medical science. Thus, this Article envisions a new equal protection doctrine that regards sex classifications as suspect on grounds that their very imprecision. In so doing, this Article advocates for transgender and intersex persons as well as all those who are harmed by the narrow and rigid jurisprudence on sex. This includes pregnant women, gays lesbians and bisexuals, and all those who are non-normatively gendered or sexual identity deviant – e.g., masculine women, effeminate men, men who enter female-dominated professions like nursing, women who long to work in a labor market not beholden to sex stereotyping.
Networked learning with professionals boosts students’ self-efficacy for social networking and professional development

Abstract Previous research has recognized that networked learning—including the use of social media, blogs, and learning communities—offers unique affordances for supporting the development of self-efficacy. However, additional research is needed to examine applications of networked learning that integrate professional contexts into academic learning experiences. The present study reports on an intervention in which networked learning was used to promote student self-efficacy for social networking and professional development. The learning design integrates three techniques: a focus on developing personal learning networks, a blog-based learning community, and mastery experiences for networking with professionals. The hypothesis was that networked learning among peers in the learning community would help support the gradual development of skills and confidence for social networking, while networking to learn with professionals would amplify the impact of mastery experiences on student self-efficacy. A study of 72 undergraduate business students found that the intervention led to significant gains in self-efficacy for social networking and professional development activities. Students also reported a greater likelihood of engaging in these activities in the following year. Finally, students perceived the learning experience as relevant for their lifelong learning and professional success.
MR Imaging of the Spine: Urgent and Emergent Indications

Spinal emergencies and urgent conditions must be recognized early so that the diagnosis can be quickly confirmed and treatment can be instituted to possibly prevent permanent loss of function. The American College of Radiology provides guidelines for recognition of patients presenting with myelopathy or acute low back pain who require further evaluation for suspicion of more serious problems and contribute to appropriate imaging utilization. Spinal emergencies include spinal cord compression secondary to vertebral fracture or space occupying lesion, spinal infection or abscess, vascular or hematologic damage, severe disc herniation, and spinal stenosis.
Reasons and Motivation in Democratic Decision-Making

Moral philosophers as different as Aristotle, Hume, and Kant have regarded as morally important not just what we do but also why we do it. Kant is perhaps clearest on this point: he takes actions that are not performed from a motive of duty to lack moral worth, though there is no implication, at least in the Groundwork, that he ruled out their having some other kind of worth or—in particular—their being permissible or even obligatory. My own work presents various grounds for believing that a similar requirement operates in the political domain: one should not only have adequate (roughly, evidentially sufficient) reason for supporting laws or public policies, but should also be sufficiently motivated by adequate reason. This allows, as Kant might, that one may both have and be motivated by other reasons, whether good or bad. But I also hold, as Kant would, that in order to act in a morally worthy way one must have, for the action in question, some adequate reason that is also motivationally sufficient for one’s doing it.
Anatomy and Physiology of the Hypothalamic-Piuitary Axis

The pituitary gland is a small gland located in the sella turcica, a cavity in the base of the brain. The pituitary gland measures less than 1 cm and weighs less than 1 g but is responsible for maintaining critical homeostatic functions that sustain life. Almost all of the functions of the pituitary are regulated by input from the hypothalamus, and the two glands are connected through the hypophyseal (pituitary) stalk. The pituitary has 3 lobes—anterior (adenophyophysis), posterior (neurohypophysis), and intermediate (pars intermedia) lobe. The anterior, intermediate, and posterior sections of the pituitary act synergistically and are independently functional, each section producing different hormones and regulatory processes. The anterior pituitary produces six hormones in peptide form, including thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), corticotropin or adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), lutenizing hormone (LH), growth hormone (GH), and prolactin (PRL). All of the anterior pituitary hormones except PRL act by stimulating other glands to release additional hormones. The release and production of these hormones is controlled through a classic feedback loop. The posterior lobe of the pituitary, also known as the neurohypophysis, secretes oxytocin and anti-diuretic hormone (ADH), also known as vasopressin. Release of the posterior pituitary hormones is regulated by neuronal activity.
The Power of Formative Evaluation of Teaching

In this chapter the authors distinguish summative evaluation from formative evaluation and argue that, while both are essential, they should be separated from each other, with the emphasis placed on formative practices. They propose ways to separate the two forms of evaluation and outline prerequisite environmental conditions for shifting to formative endeavours and the advantages once that shift is made. Several popular formats for formative evaluation are described, and ways of differentiating formative evaluation are discussed. Four scenarios are presented. They conclude that formative evaluation, if kept separate from summative evaluation and done properly, is far more likely to improve teaching and learning.
P-0109 Survival Analysis of Maintenance Therapy with Capecitabine in Patients with Resected Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma after Adjuvant Therapy, a Retrospective Cohort Study

Abstract Introduction The 5-year survival of pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAC) with surgery alone is less than 10%, and with adjuvant chemotherapy increases to about 20%. The original GITSG adjuvant study demonstrated a survival benefit compared to surgery, and could have been attributed to the weekly IV bolus of 5FU for 2 years, in addition to chemoradiation. In theory, the prolonged exposure to therapy could maintain pressure on dormant cancer cells that remain in G0 arrest, and kill them as they infrequently enter G1/S phase. To evaluate this hypothesis, we retrospectively evaluated patients at Georgetown University Hospital (GUH) who were treated with maintenance capecitabine, and compared to the patients who completed standard adjuvant gemcitabine at GUH and at the Ohio State University (OSU). Methods Patients in the Georgetown/Lombardi Cancer Center and the Ohio State University EMR were sought for PAC that was resected with curative intent, and had received standard adjuvant chemotherapy with or without chemoradiation. After 6 months of gemcitabine without recurrence, the study group received maintenance capecitabine for up to 2 years, and the control groups received no further therapy until disease relapse. Only patients with complete follow-up survival data were analyzed. Results 20 patients from GUH met the criteria as the maintenance group, and 58 and 14 patients from GUH and OSU respectively as the control group. In the maintenance group, capecitabine was usually given 1000mg orally twice a day, Monday through Friday following adjuvant therapy, for an indefinite period, up to 2 years. Patients received capecitabine for median duration of 12.5 months (2 to 24 months), and the median follow-up duration was 33 months (16 to 78 months). The median overall survival (OS) for the maintenance group was 48 months. The 2 year OS was 94%, and 5 year OS was 40%. The median recurrence free survival (RFS) was 39 months. The 2 year RFS was 67%, and the 5 year RFS was 25%. Common toxicities were mild hand-and-foot syndrome and fatigue. Four patients discontinued capecitabine due to toxicities: febrile neutropenia, severe fatigue, weight loss and diarrhea. The GUH control group was of comparable staging, and the median OS was 22 months, 2 year OS was 86.6%, 5 year OS rate was 16%, median RFS was 13 months, 2 year RFS was 19%. For the OSU control group, the median OS was 16.33 months, 2 yr OS was 35.7%, median RFS was 14.8 months, 2yr RFS was 20%. Conclusion In this retrospective controlled cohort study, capecitabine maintenance therapy following adjuvant therapy in resected PAC is associated with a significantly (p
Sex differences in redox homeostasis in renal disease.

Abstract Sex differences in redox signaling in the kidney present new challenges and opportunities for understanding the physiology and pathophysiology of the kidney. This review will focus on reactive oxygen species, immune-related signaling pathways and endothelin-1 as potential mediators of sex-differences in redox homeostasis in the kidney. Additionally, this review will highlight male-female differences in redox signaling in several major cardiovascular and renal disorders namely acute kidney injury, diabetic nephropathy, kidney stone disease and salt-sensitive hypertension. Furthermore, we will discuss the contribution of redox signaling in the pathogenesis of postmenopausal hypertension and preeclampsia.
OP12 Assessing models of ACP in primary care, the meta-LARC trial: part 6 developing patient-reported measures of goal concordant care

Background and aims Atient-reported goal concordance in serious illness care is an important primary outcome; however, no validated measure exists. As part of a trial of ACP, we sought to design and validate items for our trial that could form the basis for future measure development. Methods To draft items we reviewed the literature for validated measures in goal attainment, shared decision-making, and concordance. We engaged stakeholders, including patients, providers, and researchers, to discuss what goal concordant care means, developed draft items, and reviewed these in two focus groups with patient and family advisors as well as with research teams from other funded advance care planning and palliative care projects. Results Our draft instrument consists of 3 parts representing different approaches. The first part asks the patient whether their current care supports what is important to them and if any care received was unwanted. The second part is derived from the Life Preference Scale developed by Ariadne Labs. This asks patients to report on whether health care supports what they identify as their three most important goals. The third part includes process measures based on the content of serious illness conversations and asks patients if each step or activity happened. Conclusion It is possible to develop a patient-reported measure of goal concordant care that has face validity based on measures of related or similar constructs and the input of a range of stakeholders. Validation and ongoing refinement of the measure will be conducted in parallel with the trial.
Low-grade adenosquamous carcinoma of the breast: A case with pathogenic germline mutation in the BRIP1 gene

Abstract Low grade adenosquamous carcinoma (LGAC) is an uncommon variant of metaplastic “triple negative” breast cancer with clinical-radiologic characteristics and histopathology which overlaps with other entities such as syringomatous adenoma. We report a case of LGAC in a woman in her 40s who presented with breast pain. An irregular hypoechoic retroareolar mass was identified on mammogram. Biopsy showed nests of cells with squamoid appearance and compressed “tadpole-shaped” glandular structures embedded in dense collagenous stroma with lymphoid aggregates. The tumor cells were highlighted by CK7 and squamous component by CK5/6 and p63 and were ER, PR and HER2 negative. The morphologic and immunophenotypic features were consistent with LGAC. Genetic study found she was heterozygous for the p.R798* pathogenic germline mutation in BRIP1 gene. Patient underwent excision and managed with adjuvant radiation alone post operatively. This is the first LGAC reported with BRIP1 mutation and we emphasize characteristics in diagnosis, differential diagnosis and management for LGAC in this report.
Circulating Cell-Free DNA Methylation Profiles in the Early Detection of Ovarian Cancer: A Scoping Review of the Literature

Epithelial ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy and has few reliable non-invasive tests for early detection or diagnosis. Recent advances in genomic techniques have bolstered the utility of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) evaluation from peripheral blood as a viable cancer biomarker. For multiple reasons, comparing alterations in DNA methylation is particularly advantageous over other molecular assays. We performed a literature review for studies exploring cfDNA methylation in serum and plasma for the early diagnosis of ovarian cancer. The data suggest that serum/plasma cfDNA methylation tests have strong diagnostic accuracies for ovarian cancer (median 85%, range 40-91%). Moreover, there is improved diagnostic performance if multiple genes are used and if the assays are designed to compare detection of ovarian cancer with benign pelvic masses. We further highlight the vast array of possible gene targets and techniques, and a need to include more earlier-stage ovarian cancer samples in test development. Overall, we show the promise of cfDNA methylation analysis in the development of a viable diagnostic biomarker for ovarian cancer.
The acquisition of linking theories: A Tolerance and Sufficiency Principle approach to deriving UTAH and rUTAH

We investigate concrete acquisition theories for a derived approach to linking theory development and explore to what extent two prominent linking theories in the syntactic literature—UTAH and rUTA...
Emergency department visits in African Americans with mild cognitive impairment and diabetes

Abstract Aims Dementia, diabetes, and African American race are three factors that are independently associated with emergency department (ED) use. This study tested the hypothesis that ED use is associated with worse cognitive function in African Americans with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and poorly controlled diabetes. Methods This study examined differences in ED use among African Americans with MCI and diabetes in a secondary data analysis of baseline data from a one-year randomized controlled trial (N = 101). Results Over one year, 49/92 participants (53.3%) had at least one ED visit. At baseline, participants who had an incident ED visit had significantly fewer years of education; lower scores on neuropsychological tests assessing working memory, psychomotor speed, and complex scanning; higher diabetes-related interpersonal distress scores; lower adherence to a diabetes medication; and higher hemoglobin A1c levels compared to participants with no ED visits (p ≤ 0.05 for all comparisons). Conclusions This study identified multiple risk factors for ED visits in older African Americans with MCI and diabetes. Targeted interventions may be necessary to reduce the need for ED care in high risk populations.
DRL: Deep Reinforcement Learning for Intelligent Robot Control - Concept, Literature, and Future.

Combination of machine learning (for generating machine intelligence), computer vision (for better environment perception), and robotic systems (for controlled environment interaction) motivates this work toward proposing a vision-based learning framework for intelligent robot control as the ultimate goal (vision-based learning robot). This work specifically introduces deep reinforcement learning as the the learning framework, a General-purpose framework for AI (AGI) meaning application-independent and platform-independent. In terms of robot control, this framework is proposing specifically a high-level control architecture independent of the low-level control, meaning these two required level of control can be developed separately from each other. In this aspect, the high-level control creates the required intelligence for the control of the platform using the recorded low-level controlling data from that same platform generated by a trainer. The recorded low-level controlling data is simply indicating the successful and failed experiences or sequences of experiments conducted by a trainer using the same robotic platform. The sequences of the recorded data are composed of observation data (input sensor), generated reward (feedback value) and action data (output controller). For experimental platform and experiments, vision sensors are used for perception of the environment, different kinematic controllers create the required motion commands based on the platform application, deep learning approaches generate the required intelligence, and finally reinforcement learning techniques incrementally improve the generated intelligence until the mission is accomplished by the robot.
Effect of Salt, Nutrients, and Native Microbe Additions on Common Dune Restoration Grasses

Clark, G.S.; Busch, M.H., and Crawford, K.M., 2021. Effect of salt, nutrients, and native microbe additions on common dune restoration grasses. Journal of Coastal Research, 37(5), 1025–1034. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. Sand dunes are a valuable resource that shelters coastal communities and wildlife. Unfortunately, their survival is threatened by commercial development and erosion accelerated by climate change. Restoring sand dunes is challenging because of the difficulty in establishing vegetation in such a hostile environment. Restoration practitioners have responded by choosing stress-tolerant native species, adding nutrients, or incorporating native microbial communities into transplanted soils, but little is known about how these practices interact. In other systems, native microbes sometimes increase plant performance and salt tolerance. Nutrient additions promote growth but may inhibit development of beneficial fungi and disproportionately benefit some plant species at the expense of community diversity. To explore these interactions, two grasses commonly used in dune restorations—Panicum amarum and Uniola paniculata—were grown in a greenhouse and exposed to soil with and without native microbiota and to a range of nutrient and salinity treatments. Native microbial additions had little impact on live, aboveground biomass or the salt tolerance of the nursery-grown plants. Nutrient additions did not inhibit beneficial fungi. In fact, the density of extraradical hyphae in the soil increased by an average of 31% across all plants subject to a balanced, slow-release fertilizer. The two grasses responded differently to the salinity and nutrient treatments. Under a 2.5% salinity treatment, average live aboveground biomass for P. amarum fell 52%, compared with a 5.5% increase for U. paniculata. None of the nutrient additions affected U. paniculata; however, a combination of nitrogen and phosphorus increased P. amarum live, aboveground biomass by 356%. The strong response of P. amarum to fertilization offers a path to rapid growth of dune vegetation, but it may foster that species' dominance, which could lower the plant community's aggregate resistance to salinity.
Associations of LGBTQ+ Identities with Acceptability and Efficacy of Online Single-Session Youth Mental Health Interventions

Abstract Barriers such as stigma, financial costs, and provider shortages prevent large portions of youth with depression and related difficulties from accessing treatment; LGBTQ+ youth are burdened with additional barriers related to minority stress. Single session interventions (SSIs) have been found to benefit youth and help reduce depression symptoms, and since many SSIs are brief, cost-free, and accessible online, they may circumvent several access barriers. However, prior to recommending non-community-tailored SSIs as a useful resource for minoritized youths, we first assessed whether LGBTQ+ youth respond as positively to SSIs as do cisgender heterosexual youth. In a subsample of youths recruited via online advertisements from 9/2019-8/2020 (N=258, 81.4% female assigned sex at birth, 60.5% LGBTQ+, 47.3% youth of color), we investigated whether changes in helplessness, agency, and self-hate from before to after completing online self-directed SSIs differed as a function of LGBTQ+ identity. We also quantitatively and qualitatively compared intervention acceptability ratings and feedback across LGBTQ+ and cisgender heterosexual youths. Analyses revealed no significant differences between cisgender LGBQ+, trans and gender diverse, and cisgender heterosexual youths for any intervention outcomes. Likewise, no group differences emerged in intervention acceptability ratings or written program feedback. Self-selection bias and underrepresentation of certain populations, such as American Indian and Alaskan Native youths, may limit generalizability of results. Results suggest that online mental health SSIs are equally acceptable and useful to LGBTQ+ and cisgender heterosexual youth alike, even prior to culturally specific tailoring.
Midlife Ovariectomy Increases Blood Pressure in Long Evans Rats and is Attenuated by Transient or Continuous Estradiol Treatment

Estradiol (E2) treatment initiated immediately after midlife ovariectomy (OVX) in Long Evans rats exerts positive effects on cognition. Furthermore, animals treated with short-term E2 perform as we...
Knowledge of advance directive and perceptions of end-of-life care in Chinese-American elders: The role of acculturation.

Objective: This study aimed to describe knowledge of an advance directive (AD) and preferences regarding end-of-life (EoL) care communication, decision making, and designation of surrogates in Chinese-American elders and to examine the role of acculturation variables in AD awareness. Method: Survey data were collected through face-to-face interviews on a sample of 385 Chinese-American elders aged 55 or above living in the Phoenix metropolitan area. The choice of language (Mandarin, Cantonese, or English) and place of interview (senior apartments, Chinese senior centers, or homes) was at the respondent's preference. Hierarchical logistic regression analysis was employed to examine the influence of acculturation variables on AD awareness. Results: Some 21% of participants had heard about ADs, and only 10% had completed one. Elders with higher acculturation levels (OR = 1.04, p < 0.10) and those residing more than 20 years in the United States (OR = 6.87, p < 0.01) were more likely to be aware of ADs after controlling for the effects of demographics, health, and experiences of EoL care. The majority preferred physicians to initiate AD discussions (84.9%) and identified burdens on families as the most important factor in making EoL decisions (89.3%). About 55.1 % considered daughters as the preferred healthcare surrogate. Significance of Results: Acculturation levels influence awareness of an AD, and family values are crucial in EoL care decision making. Cultural factors should be considered in designing and delivering appropriate programs to promote knowledge of EoL care among Chinese-American elders and their families.
Properties of L1210 cells resistant to α-difluoromethylornithine

Abstract L1210 cells were selected for resistance to the ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) inhibitor, α-difluromethylornithine. When grown in the absence of the inhibitor, these cells possessed very high ornithine decarboxylase levels. These represented about 1 part in 300 of the soluble protein, which is several hundred times greater than the maximal value found in the original L1210 cells. The resistant cells contained at least 100-fold higher levels of ODC mRNA but the half-life of ODC (about 45 min) was not altered significantly. The resistant cells had much higher putrescine and cadaverine levels than control cells, but there was no significant difference in cellular spermidine or spermine content or in production of 5′-methylthioadenosine, which is a measure of polyamine synthesis. Addition of putrescine to the control or resistant cells had no effect on their content of spermidine and spermine but addition of decarboxylated S-adenosylmethionine increased the content of spermidine and spermine. These results indicate that ornithine decarboxylase is not the rate-limiting step in polyamine synthesis in these L1210 cells. The growth of the α-difluoromethylornithine-resistant L1210 cells was inhibited when their ability to synthesize spermidine and spermine was blocked by the addition of the S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase inhibitor, 5′-deoxy-5′-[N-methyl-N-(3-hydrazinopropyl)]aminoadenosine. Treatment with this compound produced a reduction of more than 85% in the production of 5′-methylthioadenosine and led to a large increase in the content of putrescine and a substantial decline in the content of spermidine and spermine. These results indicate the potential value of S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase inhibitors as therapeutic agents in conditions where ODC inhibitors are ineffective.
ABORTIVE INFECTION OF CANINE CELLS BY HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS. I. CHARACTERIZATION OF VIRAL PROGENY FROM CO-OPERATIVE INFECTION WITH MUTANTS DIFFERING IN CAPACITY TO MULTIPLY IN CANINE CELLS.

The conditional lethal mutant MP dk − of herpes simplex virus multiplies in cells of human derivation. In dog-kidney cells the virus produces ENA and antigen but no infectious progeny (Aurelian & Eoizman, 1964) or particles with physical properties of herpes-virus virions. Continuous propagation of infected dog-kidney cells for intervals as long as 10 weeks yielded small (MP dk + sp ) and large (MP dk + lp ) plaque variants capable of multiplying in both human and canine cells. The MP dk + sp and MP dk + lp mutants differ from MP dk − with respect to plaque morphology in human cells, buoyant density in cesium chloride solution, stability at 40°C and reactivity with rabbit anti-MP dk - serum. Simultaneous infection of dog-kidney cells with both MP dk + sp and MP dk − yielded infectious progeny consisting of virions with the genotype of either strain but with the phenotype of MP dk + sp only. It is concluded that, in dog-kidney cells, one or more structural constituents of the MP dk − virion are either not made or they are non-functional.
Building a domain-knowledge guided system software environment to achieve high-performance of multi-core processors

Although multi-core processors have become dominant computing units in basic system platforms from laptops to supercomputers, software development for effectively running various multi-threaded applications on multi-cores has not made much progress, and effective solutions are still limited to high performance applications relying on exiting parallel computing technology. In practice, majority multi-threaded applications are highly concurrent programs demanding high throughput, such as concurrent database transactions, massive and independent query requests in Web servers and search engines, and executing many-tasks for scientific applications in a multiprogramming mode. To best utilize the increasingly rich computing and cache resources in multi-core processors (many-cores in the near future) we must address several serious and difficult challenges. First, there are several critical hardware resources for multi-threads to share, such as the last level caches and the memory buses. However, the shared resource management is Largely controlled by hardware. Second, OS scheduler has little knowledge about applications’ data demanding and access behavior, making sub-optimal task assignment decisions. Finally, the space allocation for each thread in the shared-cache is demand-based, often causing access conflicts and pollution, significantly degrading overall execution performance.
Debate: the argument against. Should all pregnant women be offered type-specific serological screening for HSV infection?

The first goal in minimizing herpes simplex virus (HSV) mortality and morbidity in infants is to reduce the risk of acquisition of new infections during pregnancy especially in late gestation. Antenatal testing does not necessarily predict the risk of transmission to the newborn infant since this risk is variable. In order to identify newly acquired infection in women who are HSV-seronegative repeat testing in late pregnancy would need to be offered. In those who are HSV-seropositive concern for transmission to the infant is likely to result in administration of antiviral drugs to the mother or in Caesarean delivery. The potential consequence is medical intervention for many pregnancies that would not have been complicated by perinatal HSV transmission. Risk- and cost-benefit analyses are needed to assess HSV type-specific serological screening of pregnant women. Practical benefit can be achieved by counselling all pregnant women against oral or unprotected sexual contact during pregnancy. (authors)
A novel, borderless metal-to-diffusion contact technique

This paper describes a borderless contact process from metal to polysilicon and diffusion regions using a unique, three-step reactive ion etch (RIE) being used on IBM's advanced semiconductor logic products at its Microelectronics Division manufacturing facility in Essex Junction, Vermont. Borderless contacts to polysilicon and diffusion allow metalization to partially spread to adjacent oxide spacer and oxide isolation regions with no adverse effects. A fast, nonselective etch begins the process by removing 8% phosphosilicate oxide (PSG) quickly for high wafer throughput. This is followed by a PSG etch that is nonselective to a nitride etch-stop layer. Optical emission at 387 nm from a nitride radical is used to endpoint this selective etch. Finally, a timed, in-situ nitride removal step opens up both polysilicon and diffusion features for metal deposition. The process window is grossly defined by over- and under-etching, resulting in junction leakage and contact opens, respectively. We will show how to predict the process window based on PSG/nitride etch rate selectivity, film thicknesses and the topography.
Two Distinct Factor-binding DNA Elements in Cardiac Myosin Light Chain 2 Gene Are Essential for Repression of Its Expression in Skeletal Muscle: ISOLATION OF A cDNA CLONE FOR REPRESSOR PROTEIN NISHED *

The expression of the cardiac myosin light chain 2 (MLC2) gene is repressed in skeletal muscle as a result of the negative regulation of its transcription. Two regulatory elements, the cardiac specific sequence (CSS) located upstream (-360 base pairs) and a downstream negative modulatory sequence (NMS), which function in concert with each other, are required for repression of the MLC2 promoter activity in skeletal muscle. Individually, CSS and NMS have no effect. Transient transfection analysis with recombinant plasmids indicated that CSS- and NMS-mediated repression of transcription is position- and orientation-dependent and is transferable to heterologous promoters. A minimal conserved motif, GAAG/CTTC, present in both CSS and NMS, is responsible for repression as the mutation in the core CTTC sequence alone was sufficient to abrogate its repressor activity. The DNA binding assay by gel mobility shift analysis revealed that one of the two complexes, CSSBP2, is significantly enriched in embryonic skeletal muscle relative to cardiac muscle. In extracts from adult skeletal muscle, where the cardiac MLC2 expression is suppressed, both complexes, CSSBP1 and CSSBP2, were present, whereas the cardiac muscle extracts contained CSSBP1 alone, suggesting that the protein(s) in the CSSBP2 complex accounts for the negative regulation of cardiac MLC2 in skeletal muscle. A partial cDNA clone (Nished) specific for the candidate repressor factor was isolated by expression screening of the skeletal muscle cDNA library by multimerized CSS-DNA as probe. The recombinant Nished protein binds to the CSS-DNA, but not to DeltaCSS-DNA where the core CTTC sequence was mutated. The amino acid sequence of Nished showed a significant structural similarity to the sequence of transcription factor "runt," a known repressor of gap and pair-rule gene expression in Drosophila.
C-terminal phosphorylation of murine testis-specific histone H1t in elongating spermatids.

Previous studies gave differing results as to whether the testis-specific histone H1t was phosphorylated during rodent spermatogenesis. We show here that histones extracted from germ cell populations enriched with spermatids at different stages of development in rat testes reveal an electrophoretic shift in the position of H1t to slower mobilities in elongating spermatids as compared to that from preceding stages. Alkaline phosphatase treatment and radioactive labeling with 32P demonstrated that the electrophoretic shift is due to phosphorylation. Mass spectrometric analysis of histone H1t purified from sexually mature mice and rat testes confirmed the occurrence of singly, doubly, and triply phosphorylated species, with phosphorylation sites predominantly found at the C-terminal end of the molecule. Furthermore, using collision-activated dissociation (CAD) and electron transfer dissociation (ETD), we have been able to identify the major phosphorylation sites. These include a new, previously unidentified ...
Alpha synuclein is present in Lewy bodies in sporadic Parkinson's disease

A missense mutation in the human alpha synuclein gene was recently identified in some cases of familial Parkinson's disease (FPD). We have developed an antibody that recognizes the C-terminal 12 amino acids of the human alpha synuclein protein and have demonstrated that alpha synuclein is an abundant component of the Lewy bodies found within the degenerating neurons of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). The presence of alpha synuclein in Lewy bodies of sporadic PD patients suggests a central role for alpha synuclein in the pathogenesis of PD.
Flatiron Mice and Ferroportin Disease

Flatiron mice provide the first genetic model that fully recapitulates the iron-loading disorder ferroportin disease. Unlike the other known genetic causes of hemochromatosis, missense mutations in the ferroportin gene are autosomal dominant. These new findings show that ferroportin disease results from dominant negative effects rather than haplo-insufficiency.
Diode Laser Measurements of Self-Broadening Coefficients in the v5-Band of C2H2 at Low Temperature

Abstract Collisional self-broadening coefficients for 21 lines in the P and R branches of the v 5 band of C 2 H 2 at low temperature (173 K) have been measured using a tunable diode laser spectrometer and a low-temperature variable path length absorption cell. These lines, with J values ranging from 1 to 25, are located in the spectral range 670-790 cm −1 . A semiclassical line-broadening calculation provides satisfactory results when the electrostatic interactions arising from the hexadecapole moment of C 2 H 2 are taken into account. We have also examined the validity of a simple power law governing the temperature dependence of the broadening coefficients.