cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Emerging Role of Hematopathologists and Molecular Pathologists in Detection, Monitoring, and Management of Myeloid Neoplasms with Germline Predisposition.

Awareness, widespread availability, and routine use of sequencing techniques in work-up of myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloid leukemia have facilitated increased recognition of these entities arising in a background of germline predisposition disorders (GPD). The latest revisions to the WHO classification of myeloid neoplasms incorporate “myeloid neoplasms with germline predisposition” as a separate entity due to the therapeutic implications of this diagnosis. It has become apparent that some of these entities have unique recognizable morphologic findings that can be challenging to interpret at time. Hence, much needs to be studied, posing a new layer of complexity to hematopathologists and oncologists. A thorough understanding of cytogenetic and molecular findings during disease evolution is essential. Consequently, hematopathologists and molecular pathologists play an increasing role in recognition of bone marrow morphologic features that help in recognition of underlying GPD, monitoring, and prompt identification of progression.
Testing and Evaluation of Radio Frequency Immunity of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles For Bridge Inspection

Recent technological advances have led to an increase in the adoption of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) in a variety of use-case scenarios. In particular, Departments of Transportation in several states in the United States have been exploring the use of UAVs for bridge and infrastructure inspections to improve safety and reduce the costs of the inspection process. UAVs are remotely piloted from a cockpit or a ground station via radio channels. The UAV's state information and payload information are also transmitted to the cockpit/ground station via radio frequency (RF) signals. The RF channels that are commonly used by most UAVs are 72–73, 902–928 and 2400-2483.5 MHz bands, which is also shared by several other communication protocols such as, WiFi and ZigBee networks, and therefore, the interference effects with the other services on the UAV's operation performance cannot be overlooked, particularly to maintain the minimum distance from the close by surfaces while flying alongside and underneath the bridges to achieve the best results. The loss of signal or even signal strength during such close flights can cause damage to the UAV. Especially while inspecting the bridges located in the urban areas that involve a lot of RF communication around due to presence of sever RC devices providing different services. Conventional Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) adherence requirements imposed on electronic systems are not adequate for UAVs due to their airborne nature and the presence of the other RF sources in the environment. Thus, in this work, we investigate the compliance of EMC requirements by designing and conducting field experiments to expose the UAVs to electromagnetic interference and distortions that are likely to be encountered during the UAV operation. The results of this work will enable us to assess the level of RF immunity of the general-purpose UAVs to aid in the selection of a suitable UAV platform for bridge inspection and develop safety procedures for minimizing the impact of RF interference.
Examining Salesperson Effort Allocation in Teams: A Randomized Field Experiment

When salespeople who are heterogeneous in abilities are assigned into teams, how do they adjust effort as the abilities of their coworkers change? Economic theory predicts that when salespeople compete with each other, the lower-ability salesperson strategically decreases effort as the ability of the coworker rises; correspondingly, the higher-ability salesperson reduces effort as the coworker’s ability decreases. When salespeople are compensated based on group revenues however, no strategic adjustment of effort should occur when the coworker’s ability changes. We test these predictions using a field experiment that spans 29 retail booths and 116 salespeople at a major retailer. Each booth compensates salespeople using either a contest-based or a revenue-sharing incentive and employs four salespeople, with two salespeople per shift. We randomly assign salespeople to work shifts, thus exogenously varying the ability of the salesperson’s coworker. The results show that under the contest-based incentive, the pattern of sales is consistent with theory predictions. However, under the revenue-sharing incentive, the sales pattern suggests that the lower-ability (higher-ability) salesperson increases effort when the coworker’s ability increases (decreases). We develop a social preference model to explain this result and also examine the revenue implications of team composition under different sales incentives.
Queer Contemplative Pedagogy: Challenging Gender and Sexuality Norms through Contemplation.

While teaching a secondary gender studies course, high school teacher "Eleanor" found that though most students identified as queer and expressed interest in disrupting normative understandings of genders and sexualities, their classroom contributions often reified problematic norms. She implemented what she termed a Queer Contemplative Pedagogy to challenge students to think more contemplatively about genders and sexualities. Based on ethnographic classroom observations and individual interviews, this paper examines Eleanor's and the students' efforts to use meditation and contemplative writing to challenge a range of norms and personal assumptions. This study offers a rare pairing of contemplative practice with queer research and provides an instructional approach that pushes youth and educators to continue to examine assumptions and societal constructions related to genders and sexualities.
Natural History and Impact of Interventions on Coronary Calcium

Coronary artery calcium (CAC) has long been known to be associated with atherosclerotic plaque development. Similarly, aortic valve degeneration and calcification appear to follow a pathophysiologic process very similar to atherosclerosis. Noninvasive imaging technologies such as electron beam tomography (EBT) and multi-detector computer tomography (MDCT) scanners allow the accurate detection and quantification of cardiovascular calcification, offering an opportunity to monitor progression of disease. It has recently become apparent that continued progression of CAC is associated with an increased risk of myocardial infarction and cardiac death, suggesting that there might be some utility for sequential imaging. Therefore, researchers have investigated the utilization of cardiac CT imaging to follow the progression of cardiovascular calcification in a variety of clinical settings. In this chapter, a review of the studies published to date on the use of CT technology to follow progression of CAC is presented.
Control of Cell Volume and the Electrical Properties of Cell Membranes

Cell contain proteins, nucleic acids, and other macromolecules that often carry many negative charges per molecule. This electrical charge is balanced by positive ions (especially potassium, denoted by K +) that are dissolved in the intracellular water. These ions tend to draw water into the cells by osmosis, and the cells would swell and eventually burst if this osmotic effect were not offset by other factors.
Relating two image-based diagrammatic reasoning architectures

To advance the understanding of different diagrammatic reasoning architectures that reason directly with images, we examine the relationship between Anderson's Inter-Diagrammatic Reasoning (IDR) architecture and Furnas' BITPICT architecture using the technique of cross-implementation. Implementing substantial functionality of each in the other, and noting what is easy and what is difficult, yields insights into the two architectures and such systems in general.
Simplified Bending Theory for Wire Rope

A theory has been developed to predict the static response of wire rope subjected to tension, torsion and bending. This type of loading occurs frequently in ropes wrapped around sheaves. Since the rope is generally restrained against rotation, a twisting moment is developed in the rope in addition to the tension and bending. Equilibrium requires that a uniformly distributed couple per unit length be applied to the rope. Expressions are presented for the significant stresses in the rope. The results can be extended so as to include more complex cross sections other than the single lay rope considered herein.
Acquiring Temporal Knowledge from Schedules

This paper presents an economical algorithm for generating conceptual graphs from schedules and timing diagrams. The graphs generated are based on activity concepts associated with intervals of the schedules. The temporal conceptual relations selected here are drawn from both interval and endpoint temporal logics in order to minimize the complexity of the generated graphs to no more that k(n−1) temporal relations in a schedule of n intervals over k timelines (resources). Temporal reasoning and consistency checking in terms of the selected temporal relations are briefly reviewed.
Immunoglobulin heavy chain-binding protein binds to misfolded mutant insulin receptors with mutations in the extracellular domain.

Cell-surface proteins are transported through the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus en route to the plasma membrane. Previously, we have identified three point mutations in the insulin receptor gene that impair transport of the mutant receptors to the cell surface: Asn15→Lys, His209→Arg, and Phe382→Val. Furthermore, these mutations impair post-translational processing steps that normally occur as the receptors are transported through the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. In this study, we have demonstrated that the unprocessed Arg209 and Val382 mutant proreceptors are bound to the immunoglobulin heavy chain-binding protein (BiP) in the endoplasmic reticulum. This was demonstrated by the fact that monoclonal anti-BiP antibody coimmunoprecipitated the mutant proreceptors. Moreover, when ATP was added to the immunoprecipitates, the mutant proreceptors were released from BiP. In contrast, neither the normal human insulin receptor nor the Lys15 mutant proreceptor was coimmunoprecipitated by anti-BiP antibody. It seems likely that the Lys15 receptor also binds BiP, but that the affinity was too low to resist dissociation during the stringent washing of the immunoprecipitate. In conclusion, these observation are consistent with the hypothesis that binding to BiP explains the impaired transport of mutant receptors through the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus to the plasma membrane.
Mismatch of Sleep and Work Timing and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes

OBJECTIVE To examine whether a mismatch between chronotype (i.e., preferred sleep timing) and work schedule is associated with type 2 diabetes risk. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In the Nurses’ Health Study 2, we followed 64,615 women from 2005 to 2011. Newly developed type 2 diabetes was the outcome measure ( n = 1,452). A question on diurnal preference ascertained chronotype in 2009; rotating night shift work exposure was assessed regularly since 1989. RESULTS Compared with intermediate chronotypes, early chronotypes had a slightly decreased diabetes risk after multivariable adjustment (odds ratio 0.87 [95% CI 0.77–0.98]), whereas no significant association was observed for late chronotypes (1.04 [0.89–1.21]). Among early chronotypes, risk of type 2 diabetes was modestly reduced when working daytime schedules (0.81 [0.63–1.04]) and remained similarly reduced in women working P trend = 0.014). By contrast, among late chronotypes, the significantly increased diabetes risk observed among day workers (1.51 [1.13–2.02]) appeared largely attenuated if their work schedules included night shifts ( P trend = 0.14). The interaction between chronotype and shift work exposure was significant ( P interaction = 0.0004). Analyses restricting to incident cases revealed similar patterns. CONCLUSIONS In early chronotypes, type 2 diabetes risk increased with increasing duration of shift work exposure, whereas late types had the highest diabetes risk working daytime schedules. These data add to the growing body of evidence that workers could benefit from shift schedules minimizing interference with chronotype-dependent sleep timing.
Mixing and Matching: The Effect on Student Performance of Teaching Assistants of the Same Gender

Ray Christensen is associate professor of poStical science at Brigham Young University. tributes to this pattern.l Thus, we hope to contribute to a discussion of gender discrimination in undergraduate teaching by identifying obstacles women face in political science today and testing for the presence of those obstacles in an undergraduate classroom setting. We find evidence to support claims that the content of political science courses, specifically statistics, may create barriers for women. We also find support for the claim that women teaching assistants effectively motivate women students. Surprisingly, however, we find that the gender match between a teaching assistant and a student appears largely irrelevant for student performance. Women seem to be more motivated to complete a course when their teaching assistant is a woman, but we find no consistent evidence that women perform better on course assignments when they are taught by a woman.
2‐Methyl‐6‐vinylpyridine

[1122-70-9] C8H9N (MW 119.18) InChI = 1S/C8H9N/c1-3-8-6-4-5-7(2)9-8/h3-6H,1H2,2H3 InChIKey = VMWGBWNAHAUQIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N (stable, masked methyl vinyl ketone equivalent; bis-annulation reagent useful for the synthesis of fused ring systems;2, 3 1,5-diketone precursor4) Physical Data: clear liquid, bp 65–70 °C/12 mmHg. Solubility: sol all common organic solvents. Preparative Method: prepared in a two-step procedure from 2,6-Lutidine in an overall 30% yield.5 Handling, Storage, and Precautions: store under nitrogen at rt; unpleasant odor; use in a fume hood.
Respiration of Euglena gracilis grown under conditions of vitamin B12-sufficiency, -deficiency, and -replenishment

Abstract Respiration rates were measured in Vitamin B 12 -sufficient, -deficient and -replenished cells of Euglena gracilis . With increasing vitamin B 12 deficiency the respiratory rate increases to a maximum value 2-fold higher than that of exponentially-growing vitamin B 12 -sufficient cells. Respiratory rates decline sharply in both stationary-phase vitamin-sufficient and advanced vitamin-deficient cells, as a consequence of nutrient depletion from the growth medium. There was no net difference in overall O 2 uptake in vitamin-deficient and -replinished cells. The data indicate that vitamin B 12 deficiency does not deleteriously affect respiration in Euglena .
Salting in of nonionic surfactants by complexation with inorganic salts

Abstract The following cations were found to salt in polyoxyethylated compounds, raising the cloud point of aqueous solutions of i -octylphenol.10 EO and that of (EO) 400 previously reduced to 45° by the addition of sodium sulfate: H + , Pb 2+ , Cd 2+ , Mg 2+ , Ni 3+ , Al 3+ , Ca 2+ , and Li + . Only Na + , K + , and NH 4 + salted the polyoxyethylated compounds out, lowering their cloud points. The ether linkages act as ligands, possibly polydentate, for the cations. The capacity of cations to salt in polyoxyethylated compounds runs parallel with their capacity to form complexes with simple ethers such as ethyl ether, dioxane, and cineole, and to bind water in solid hydrates. All three phenomena are widespread.
Manganese-containing superoxide dismutase from Escherichia coli: reversible resolution and metal replacements.

Exposure of the manganese-containing Superoxide dismutase of Escherichia coli to pH 3.2, in the presence of 0.7 m guanidinium chloride, causes a rapid loss of manganese and of activity. The apoenzyme so produced can be reconstituted by addition of MnCl2 followed by neutralization. In contrast, manganese cannot be restored to the apoenzyme by adding MnCl2after neutralization. The reconstituted enzyme is indistinguishable from the native enzyme in terms of its catalytic activity or electrophoretic behavior on polyacrylamide gels. Co(II), Ni(II), Zn(II), Fe(II), or Cu(II) could compete with Mn(II) during reconstitution of the apoenzyme. In the cases of Co(II), Ni(II), and Zn(II), it was shown that, in preventing reconstitution by Mn(II), they were themselves bound to the enzyme in stoichiometric amounts, in place of Mn(II). The binding of Fe(II) was also explored and was distinct in that the enzyme could bind more than stoichiometric amounts of this metal. None of the derivatives, in which Mn(II) had been replaced by another metal, were catalytically active. Nevertheless, these derivatives could be again resolved by exposure to acid guanidinium chloride and could then be converted back into the active holoenzyme by neutralization after addition of MnCl2. It appears that the active site of this enzyme can accommodate and can tightly bind several metals other than manganese, but exhibits activity only with manganese. It also appears that movement of metal out of or into this site is only feasible at low pH and in the presence of a chaotropic agent. A substantial amount of the cobalt-substituted enzyme was prepared and its optical properties were recorded.
Changes in utility as information

Le sujet central de cet article est la mesure de la quantite d'information concernant un parametre quelconque θ presente dans un ensemble de donnees ou une observation X=x
167 ALTERED SYMPATHETIC SYSTEM ACTIVITY IN A SUBGROUP OF JUVENILE ESSENTIAL HYPERTENSIVES AND SIBLINGS

Hyperactivity of the sympathetic nervous system has been implicated in the pathogenesis of essential hypertension (E.H.). To evaluate sympathetic system activity (SSA) in EH in children, we compared Blood Pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) with Plasma Norepinephrine (PNE) and Epinephrine (PEPI) levels measured by radioenzymatic assay in resting state (RES) and after postural challenge by standing 15 Min. (STD). Subjects include 21 normal controls (NC) 19 borderline hypertensives (BH), BP>90% for age, 9 significant hypertensives (SH) BP>95% for age and 14 normotensive siblings of Hypertensives (NS) 12-18 years of age. SH had higher RES HR (73±3/Min.) than NC (66±2/Min. p<.05). RES PNE levels were significantly higher in BH (455±37 pg/Ml) and SH (373±37 pg/Ml) than N.C. (281±12 pg/M1, p<.01) or NS (316±24 pg/M1). In 13 of 19 BH (67%), 5 of 9 SH (56%) and 6 of 14 NS (43%) RES PNE levels were above highest NC level (350 pg/Ml) identifying subgroups with increased SSA at rest among Hypertensives and Normotensive Siblings. With Hemodynamic response to STD HR in SH rose more (+22+2, p<.05) than NC (+13±2) and response of mean arterial pressure (NC +13.7±2 MM Hg) was blunted in BH (+3.9+2, SH (-7.3±3) and NS (+3±3 p<.01). Some Hypertensives and NS had a hypotensive response not seen in NC. Rise in PNE was blunted in BH and SH (+40% & +48%) compared with NC (+95%). PEPI levels rose more in BH and SH than NC. PNE levels were directly and significantly related to Systolic BP LY and STD in BH & NS, not in NC. Findings offer support for hypothesis that altered SSA contributes to presence of Hypertension in some young subjects. Presence of altered SSA in some NS of hypertensives could reflect a genetic factor accounting in part for their increased risk of developing E.H.
The Benefits of Peer Collaboration on Strategy Use, Metacognitive Causal Attribution, and Recall

This study examined the benefits of a peer collaborative activity on cognitive strategy use and effectiveness, and on metacognitive understanding of strategy use. Children's knowledge about the effectiveness of the sorting strategy grouped them into lower and higher metacognitive understanding. Treatment group triads, consisting of children with lower and higher levels of metacognitive understanding, were given a collaborative recall task. Results indicated that interaction with children working at a higher level of metacognitive knowledge, in conjunction with directions to explicitly discuss strategies, increased strategy use and induced higher levels of metacognitive thinking in children who had been operating at lower levels of metacognitive thinking. Overall, children's use of the sorting strategy and recall performance improved as a function of treatment group membership. Implications for future research are discussed.
Ferrite-filled cavity resonators

An approximation technique is developed for the electromagnetic resonances and electric fields inside a cavity of arbitrary shape whose walls are perfectly conducting and which is filled with a lossless ferrite. Operator notation is introduced and it is proved that the operator for this problem is self-adjoint. A variational expression is introduced and this functional is minimized by employing the Rayleigh-Ritz technique. The solution is in the form of a matrix eigenvalue equation. The general formulas are specialized to the case of a ferrite-filled spherical cavity resonator and some of the lower-order mode resonances are calculated. The technique is briefly contrasted with other approximation techniques which are found in the literature.
Structure and Function of Benzoylurea-Derived α-Helix Mimetics Targeting the Bcl-xL/Bak Binding Interface

The Bcl-x(L)/Bak protein-protein interaction has emerged as an important target for cancer therapy due to its role in apoptosis. Inhibition of this interaction by small-molecule antagonists induces apoptosis in unhealthy cells. Bak, a pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein, projects four hydrophobic side chains (V74, L78, I81, and I85), corresponding to the i, i+4, i+7, and i+11 positions of an alpha-helix, into a hydrophobic cleft on Bcl-x(L). Herein, we present a novel family of rationally designed alpha-helix mimetics with improved solubility and synthetic feasibility based on a benzoylurea scaffold. These benzoylurea derivatives favor a linear conformation stabilized by an intramolecular hydrogen bond, and are able to mimic the spatial projection of the i, i+4, and i+7 residues of an alpha-helix. The binding of the benzoylurea derivatives to Bcl-x(L) was assessed using fluorescence polarization competition assays, isothermal titration calorimetry, and (15)N-HSQC experiments. These experiments showed that these agents bind to and disrupt Bcl-x(L) with low micromolar inhibition and dissociation constants, with (15)N-HSQC experiments confirming binding to the hydrophobic pocket of Bcl-x(L) normally occupied by the Bak helix.
Update on the Neuropathogenesis of Delirium

Delirium has been considered a syndrome of generalized dysfunction of higher cortical functions due to its breadth of symptoms and associated diffuse slowing on electroencephalogram. Advances in neuropsychiatry have revealed differences between brain regions, including the hemispheres, which may underlie the constellation of symptoms among different psychiatric disorders. For example, different neural pathways are involved in major depression and obsessive-compulsive disorder, including lateralization to one or the other hemisphere. In this article the author proposes that delirium, too, involves particular neural pathways and that lateralization to the right may be relevant. Structural and functional neuroimaging reports and recent neuropsychological studies support this lateralization. Prefrontal cortices, anterior and right thalamus, and right basilar mesial temporoparietal cortex may play a significant role in subserving delirium symptoms and may be the 'final common pathway' for delirium from a variety of etiologies. The final common pathway may be responsible for certain 'core symptoms' (disorientation, cognitive deficits, sleep-wake cycle disturbance, disorganized thinking, and language abnormalities), while other symptoms (delusions, hallucinations, illusions, and affective lability) may occur depending on the etiology causing delirium. An imbalance in the cholinergic and dopaminergic neurotransmitter systems is most commonly implicated in causing delirium, and could both account for delirium symptoms and be consistent with the neuroanatomical pathways being implicated.
Defective phagocyte adherence in acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis: Clinical and laboratory observations

The adherence of circulating phagocytes to glass was studied in 15 children with acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis and in 27 healthy adults, 21 healthy children and 14 children with normocomplementemic renal disease. The phagocytic adherence to glass in the patients with hypocomplementemic PSGN differed significantly from that of the control groups (p=
T1, exchange and anomalous broadening in metal dihydrogen complexes

Abstract A substantial difference is found between the observed linewidth of the H 2 resonance in the H2 Complex [Ir(PPh 3 ) 2 (H 2 )(H)(7,8-benzoquinoline)] [BF 4 ] ( 1 ) and the expected linewidth based on the true T 1 of the signal deduced from the initial part ofthe magnetization-time plot. This procedure was adopted because exchange processes cause the magnetization to show biexponential recovery, only the first part of which corresponds to the true T 1 of the site. If this effect is ignored, erroneous T 1 , data are obtained. These observations are made at temperatures above the T 1 , minimum, where T 1 , should be equal to T 2 . We have called the currently unexplained contribution to the linewidth anomalous broadening. The origin of this anomalous contribution to the linewidths of H 2 complexes remains to be elucidated. In addition, the linewidth increases sharply at low temperature for the H 2 but not for the HD complex and the broadening is larger at 500 MHz than at 300 MHz. A strong candidate for the origin of this effect is slowing of H 2 rotation with quantum coupling effects making the J (H,H′ very large.
SU‐GG‐J‐08: A Dedicated Image Pumping Utility for BrainLAB ExacTrac IGRT System

Purpose: To present a system that automatically pumps localization images from BrainLAB ExacTrac IGRT system to R&V system via DICOM connection to make remote image reviewing feasible. Method and Materials: A software system, iPump, was developed exclusively for ExacTrac that is currently unable to communicate with any R&V system. iPump is actually a daemon program that checks IGRT system periodically for new localization images,fuses registered DRR and x‐ray images, encodes them in DICOM RT format with numerical overlay of shift values and sends them to the remote R&V system. The built‐in instant messaging mechanism automatically notifies, through pager and/or computer messenger, attending radiation oncologists immediately after images were sent so as to allow on‐line remote image reviewing with approval records. It can run on any computer with Microsoft Windows NT/2000/XP platform that has read access to patient data directory on ExacTrac computer. Results: iPump has been extensively tested and evaluated for about 9 months in our clinic. So far 3,930 fused images have been successfully sent to IMPAC without any human intervention. The notification message can be sent instantly through Windows Messenger or through pager in merely 5 seconds. Conclusion: The technical limitation of BrainLAB ExacTrac system on the aspect DICOM RT implementation can be remedied by dedicated image pumping system without extra hardware capital investment. Our clinical experience with iPump indicates that it significantly improves the safety and efficiency of the radiation management processes as well as consolidation of the entire patient's medical record within the same location in the R&V systems. Any further data mining and analyses for research purposes are also streamlined with such data consolidation making this software utility valuable both in clinics and research settings.
Human sulfotransferase (SULT) 1A1 pharmacogenetics: Intragene haplotype, breast cancer and mammographic breast density

Background/Aims SULT1A1 catalyzes the sulfate conjugation of estrogens and many drugs. A common ORF SNP (Arg213His, SULT1A1*2) is associated with low SULT1A1 activity, and 2 additional SNPs, C(-624)G and G(-396)A, are associated with decreased transcription. Methods We examined the association of these 3 SNPs with breast cancer (BC) in 173 relatives of BC cases and 330 control subjects, and with percent mammographic density (PD) in 357 control postmenopausal women. Results Women with 2 copies of any one of the 3 SULT1A1 variant SNPs were at approximately 50% higher risk of breast cancer[for (−624) OR=1.7, CI=0.9–3.1; for (−396) OR=1.6, CI=0.9–2.8; for Arg213His OR=1.5, CI=0.8–2.7]. Haplotype analysis showed increased risk of BC for those with all 3 SNPs (OR= 1.4, CI=0.9–2.0). Significant increases in PD were also observed for carriers of the (−396) SNP[mean PD=18%, 20%, 23% for 0, 1, 2 copies, respectively, p<0.01]. Conclusions These data suggest that intragene haplotype for SULT1A1 (−624)G, (−396)A and Arg213His may be associated with increased breast cancer risk, and the (−396) SNP with increased PD. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2005) 77, P96–P96; doi: 10.1016/j.clpt.2004.12.259
Prediction of choice in a technically complex, essentially intangible, highly experiential, and rapidly evolving consumer product

This study compares the effectiveness of the theory of reasoned action, the most well known attitudinal approach, with that of traditional conjoint analysis, the most popular utilitarian approach, in predicting choice among real brands of word processing software. Results suggest that traditional conjoint analysis has a significantly higher first choice hit rate than the theory of reasoned action. With products such as word processing software, a utilitarian approach may be better than an attitudinal approach for predicting consumer choice. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Automatic Export of PubMed Citations to EndNote.

The export of MEDLINE references to EndNote® can be accomplished in various ways. Unlike Ovid MEDLINE, PubMed® does not have a direct export feature to EndNote. Until recently, PubMed references had to be saved as a text file to import into EndNote. Now, the automatic export of PubMed references can be done using Internet Explorer (IE) or Mozilla Firefox Web browsers. The development and teaching of seamless citation management is a value-added service to health professionals.
The FTC's handling of puffery and other selling claims made “by implication”

Abstract The Federal Trade Commission's handling of alleged false advertising representations that are made by implication is examined. Alleged false advertising presentations are held to be implied to the public by the advertiser even though they are not literally stated in his advertisement. The FTC has extended its reach over this kind of misrepresentation in recent years. Cases for 1970–76 are identified, and a catalog is developed of ten types of implications that have been attacked as deceptive during this period. Some, such as the Expansion Implication, are types established as deceptive in earlier years; others, such as the Reasonable Basis Implication, were not attacked prior to the 1970s. Some types, such as the Uniqueness Implication, have been given considerable publicity; others, such as the Inconspicuous Context Implication, are newly categorized in this paper. The consequences of FTC's identification of these types of implications, and of its growing attention to the possibility of misrepresentation by implication, are discussed in detail. A prediction is offered that attention to implications will continue to increase for some time in the future. Puffery is discussed as a category which the FTC might recognize in the future as a type of implied misrepresentation; a rationale is offered for regulating such claims. The role of the researcher is examined, using the assumption that greater attention to misrepresentation that extends beyond a message's literal meaning will produce a greater need for research. The researcher will have attractive opportunities for such work, but will have to confront the problem that playing an advocacy role in legal proceedings may involve significant conflicts with the impartial role that is appropriate for the academic researcher.
Currents in a Stream: College Student Identities and Ethnic Identities and Their Relationship with Self-Esteem, Efficacy, and Grade Point Average in an Urban University†

Objectives. We investigate how college student identities and ethnic identities vary among black, white, and Asian students and among immigrant, second-, and third-generation students at a large public urban university (in counterpoint to recent studies at highly selective schools). In addition, we explore how those identities are related to college students' sense of self-esteem and efficacy and their academic performance. Methods. We use survey data from a sample (N=652) of students attending a large diverse public urban university to create new indexes for several dimensions of college identity and ethnic identity and use existing self-esteem and efficacy indexes to compare black, white, and Asian students, as well as immigrant, second-generation, and third-generation students. Results. Among several significant identity differences, we find: (1) whites are lower than blacks on college identity indexes, and immigrant students are higher than subsequent-generation students on college student identity measures; (2) whites are lower than blacks and Asians on ethnic identity measures; only the ethnic activities index declines linearly from immigrant to second- to third-generation students; (3) blacks have higher self-esteem and efficacy than whites or Asians; whites have higher GPAs than blacks or Asians, while immigrant students have higher GPAs than third-generation students; and (4) at least one college student identity dimension and one ethnic identity dimension is related to self-esteem, efficacy, and GPA. Conclusions. How young adults conceive of themselves as college students and the way they formulate their own racial-ethnic identities is related to their self-esteem, efficacy, and academic performance. Moreover, the pattern that these relationships take is somewhat different at a large diverse public urban university than at highly selective universities.
Structure property relations in short-fiber reinforced plastics

Abstract As the number of uses for variously reinforced plastics has grown, the design engineer's need for dependable approaches to property prediction for these systems has grown tremendously. It is quite clear now from experiment that one has to know not only the volume fraction of reinforcement, but also how to account for the effects of reinforcement shape and distribution in space. Most importantly, having accounted for the significant variables, any workable prediction method must be straightforward enough to use in designing without consuming huge amounts of expensive computing time.
The effects of sensitization and social isolation on maternal behavior in the virgin rat.

Abstract Thirty-three out of 67 virgin Sprague-Dawley rats spontaneously retrieved 5–10-day-old foster pups in a pretest. The 34 rats not responding immediately were randomly divided into three groups to study the effects of direct and exteroceptive exposure to young on the induction of maternal behavior. Retrieving, licking and crouching behavior appeared in a higher proportion of cage rats (n = 12) which received a fresh group of pups to live with throughout each day than in control rats (n = 10) that had only 5 min daily exposure. However basket rats (n = 12) also became maternal merely by exposure to exteroceptive stimuli from pups living in baskets fixed to the cage wall. In a second experiment, virgin rats that spontaneously retrieved pups were socially isolated for 2–4 weeks. As a result, a 50–60% decrease in the number of rats showing retrieval was found not only in an independent sample of rats (n = 20) but also in a related group (n = 13) that practiced the response in the week between a pretest and Week 2 in isolation. Therefore, the results demonstrate that exteroceptive cues from pups alone may be sufficient to induce maternal behavior in nonspontaneously retrieving virgin rats, and that isolation from pups and other social stimuli reduce retrieving behavior in initially responsive virgin rats.
Moisture Absorption and its Effects on the Performance of Printed Circuit Materials

Polymers have found wide usage in microelectronics industry. Their moisture absorption properties cause the concern of reliability without hermeticity (RwoH). For printed circuit packages, the lamination process, the components assembly, and the field performance of final product are strongly influenced by the presence of high level moisture content. For instance, moisture is an important factor in the development of internal shorts through metal migration when printed circuit package is in service. Moisture can also cause dimensional changes in printed circuit cores and delamination during the soldering processes in components assembly, resulting in manufacturing yield loss and defects. Understanding moisture properties of resins and the resin glass composites are therefore important in developing a strategy to control the moisture content of final products. This paper will discuss the moisture fundamental properties of two resins and their resin glass systems. These properties will be related to their assembly and reliability performance.
Behavior of chloroplast genes during the early zygotic divisions of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.

Chloroplast mutations in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii exhibit a predominantly maternal pattern of inheritance and this pattern can be perturbed by UV irradiation of the maternal gametes prior to mating. In a series of crosses over a range of UV doses, the transmission, segregation, and recombination of mutations at three closely linked chloroplast loci have been examined by pedigree analysis of products arising from the first three post-zygotic divisions. Stocks used in these crosses were constructed to permit identification of the nuclear products of each of the two meiotic divisions and the first post-meiotic mitotic division.
Percolations: interdisciplinary innovation may invoke carnivorous colleagues

Passions run deep in the most unexpected places. A Praying Mantis bites its partner's head off after sex, and the Portia spider lulls a fellow spider into complacency, then lunges at it and eats it. Whether appalled or fascinated, we understand intellectually that these bizarre behaviors must contribute to species survival. On the other hand, the intended victims sometimes learn to deflect their aggressor and yet have as much "fun" as they want. That too contributes to species survival because the resilient spider or mantis achieves far more satisfaction and future productivity than either their aggressor or the deceased. Believe it or not, after attending ITiCSE, I see the connection between these behaviors and innovative computing education.
The employment of persons with a history of treatment for cancer

Metropolitan Life Insurance Company reviewed its experience with employees hired with past history of treatment for cancer. Included is followup on 74 such employees with data on age, cancer site, histology, interval between treatment and employment, personnel ratings, and current employment status. Fewer than one out of every thousand applicants for a job have a history of cancer and half of these are employable. Persons with a wide variety of cancer types are acceptable. Employment record is good with a normal “turnover” and 55% working at the termination of the study period. There were no deaths during the study period. Cancer recurrence rate was 2.7%, and 2.7% developed a second primary neoplasm. We conclude that the selective hiring of persons who have been treated for cancer, in positions for which they are physically qualified, is a sound industrial practice.
Emerging Trends in Oral Delivery of Peptide and Protein Drugs

Most peptide and protein drugs are currently used as parenteral formulations because of their poor oral bioavailability. Development of an effective oral delivery system for these macromolecular drugs requires a thorough understanding of their physicochemical properties, such as molecular weight, hydrophobicity, ionization constants, and pH stability, as well as biological barriers that restrict protein and peptide absorption from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, including pH variability, enzymatic degradation, and membrane efflux. Various strategies currently under investigation include amino acid backbone modifications, formulation approaches, chemical conjugation of hydrophobic or targeting ligand, and use of enzyme inhibitors, mucoadhesive polymers, and absorption enhancers. However, there is only limited success because of the hostile environment of the GI tract--e.g., strong pH extremes and abundant presence of potent luminal enzymes. This review focuses on the challenges posed by the GI system and how different pharmaceutical approaches can be used to make oral delivery of protein and peptide drugs more feasible. The roles of P-glycoprotein and CYP3A4 in controlling the extent of intestinal absorption and metabolism will also be discussed.
SU-E-T-31: Dosimetric Evaluation of Radiation Therapy Techniques for Early Stage Glottic Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC): Three Dimensional Conformal Radiation Therapy (3D CRT), Step-And-Shoot Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) and Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT)

Purpose: To evaluate the dosimetry of 3D CRT, Step‐and‐Shoot Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy(IMRT), and Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT) treatment plans with respect to doses to the carotid arteries and spinal cord. Methods: Data from ten patients who underwent CT scanning for treatment planning was selected for this retrospective study. The spinal cord, carotid arteries, and tissue of neck not involving the target volume called Non‐Target‐Volume (NTV), and clinical target volumes (CTVs) were contoured. A margin added to the CTVs generated planning target volumes (PTVs). Using 6 MV photon beams, treatment plans with 3‐D CRT, IMRT, and VMAT techniques were created for each patient. The prescription dose was 63 Gy in 28 fractions. The evaluation was based on the averaged results of mean doses to PTV, mean doses and doses to the 20% (D20), 50% (D50), and 90% (D90) of the volume of the carotid arteries, and maximum doses to the spinal cord for all three treatment delivery techniques. Results: Mean doses to PTV were 64.12, 66.44, and 65.64 Gy for 3D CRT, IMRT and VMAT plans respectively. Mean doses to the NTV, were 1.42, 0.91, and 0.94 Gy, to the carotid arteries were 55.23, 31.31, 23.32 Gy, and maximum doses to spinal cord were 2.99, 25.72 and 25.75 Gy, for 3D CRT, IMRT and VMAT plans respectively. The D20, D50, and D90 doses to carotid arteries were 63.23, 62.01, and 30.51 Gy, for 3D CRT, 47.64, 35.54, and 3.47 Gy for IMRT, 36.23, 24.30, and 3.13 Gy for VMAT plans respectively. Conclusions: All three techniques achieved conformal doses to the PTV. Doses to spinal cord were lower with 3D CRT technique, but doses to the carotid arteries were substantially reduced with VMAT plans. This is important to minimize the risk of atherogenesis and consequent cerebrovascular complications.
Semiconductor–polymer hybrid colloidal nanoparticles

A simple conventional emulsion polymerization approach is developed to synthesize hybrid colloidal particles consisting of semiconductor nanocrystals and organic polymers. A uniform distribution of CdSe nanocrystals in composite hybrid particles of ∼20 nm diameter with relatively narrow size distribution is obtained. Transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering and spectroscopic measurements are carried out to elucidate possible mechanisms of hybrid colloidal nanoparticle formation. The effect of crosslinking on the robustness of hybrid colloidal nanoparticles is examined. The versatility of our emulsion polymerization approach is demonstrated by synthesizing hybrid colloids with different monomers. To address photoluminescence loss, a ZnS coating on CdSe nanocrystals is employed to preserve the photoluminescence while maintaining the same average size, size distribution, and composition of the final hybrid nanoparticles. These semiconductor–polymer hybrid colloidal nanoparticles with relatively narrow size distribution may be useful in incorporating semiconductor nanocrystals into conventional lithographic techniques for developing novel nanoscale patterning schemes as well as in extending currently available self-assembly methods.
Voices falling through the air

Where am I? Or as the young boy in Jules Verne’s Journey to the Centre of the Earth calls back to his distant-voiced companions: ‘Lost… in the most intense darkness.’ ‘Then I understood it,’ says the boy, Axel, ‘To make them hear me, all I had to do was to speak with my mouth close to the wall, which would serve to conduct my voice, as the wire conducts the electric fluid’ ( Verne 1864 ). By timing their calls, the group of explorers work out that Axel is separated from them by a distance of four miles, held in a cavernous vertical gallery of smooth rock. Feeling his way down towards the others, the boy ends up falling, along with his voice, through the space. Losing consciousness he seems to give himself up to the space...
Split singularities: stress field near the edge of a silicon die on a polymer substrate

Abstract In current design the circuitry is extended very close to the edges of a silicon die to maximize useful surface area. When the die is bonded to a polymer substrate, with the circuitry facing the polymer, thermal misfit stress concentrates at the die edges and may damage the circuitry. The stress distribution near a die edge is quantified using a combination of asymptotic analysis and finite element calculation. The asymptotic field consists of two modes of singular stresses, scaling with the distance from the edge r as, respectively, r − λ 1 and r − λ 2 , where λ 1 > λ 2 . It is shown that the more singular field (i.e. the λ 1 -singularity) prevails in an exceedingly small zone, smaller than 10 −6 times the die thickness. Once both modes are included, however, the asymptotic field matches the full field in a zone about 10 −1 times the die thickness. This finding resolves several controversies in the literature on electronic packaging. The near-edge stress distribution is presented for various substrate thicknesses, elastic moduli and thermal expansion coefficients. The results can be used to explore design options.
Distributed ray tracing in x10

We will demonstrate the maturity of the X10 programming language by implementing such a real-time ray tracer using a pile of low spec GPGPU laptops and a Gigabit Ethernet switch. Ray tracing is a rendering technique that can better simulate complex lighting situations such as reflections and refractions. It is typically too computationally expensive for real-time rendering on a single CPU and is non-trivial to implement in a distributed fashion.
Incompatibilism and personal relationships: another look at strawson's objective attitude

In the context of his highly influential defence of compatibilism, P. F. Strawson 1962 introduced the terms ‘reactive attitude’ and ‘objective attitude’ to the free-will lexicon. He argued, in effect, that relinquishing such reactive attitudes as resentment and moral indignation isn't a real possibility for us, since doing so would commit us to exclusive objectivity, a stance incompatible with ordinary interpersonal relationships. While most commentators have challenged Strawson's link between personal relationships and the reactive attitudes, Tamler Sommers 2007 has taken up Strawson's claim that exclusive objectivity would preclude meaningful relationships. Here I set out a defence of this claim by identifying a kind of interpersonal caring that is plausibly both required for such relationships and excluded by the objective attitude. I then argue that this defence helps to support Strawson's more controversial claim about personal relationships and the reactive attitudes.