cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comment on ``A MRCI PS and CASSCF study of the ground state MgO dissociation energy''

Abstract We demonstrate that the “systematic” procedure used by Garcia Cuesta, Sanchez de Meras, and Nebot Gil to select a CASSCF active space for MgO is flawed by local minima in the optimization. We show that their correlation treatment underestimates De by 0.2 eV. In addition, the small basis set employed resulted in at least another 0.6 eV underestimation of the De. Thus their computed De value is in error by at least 0.8 eV. Our calculations demonstrate that De (to Mg 1S and O 3P) is larger than 2.70 eV and strongly support our previous estimate of 2.80±0.1 eV. Hence, this value is not in error by 1 eV as asserted by Nebot Gil and co-workers.
Fast Pulse Width Modulator For Three-Phase Inverters

A high-speed, microprocessor-based pulse width modulator for three-phase inverters, realizing the so called incremental pulse width modulation algorithm, is presented. Computational simplicity of the algorithm results in fast, on-line operating capability and low memory requirements of the modulator. Fast operation of the modulator ensures high effectiveness of low-order harmonic reduction of the inverter output voltage. Principles of the incremental pulse width modulation are explained and experimental results are provided along with the description of the modulator.
Optical and microstructural properties of hafnium dioxide thin films

Abstract We have applied a variety of analytical tools to educe the composition and morphology of thin films of hafnium dioxide deposited under a variety of conditions. Surface analytical techniques include scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, electron diffraction, Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results from these measurements are correlated with the observed optical properties. Electron diffraction reveals that films deposited below 300 °C are amorphous and spectrophotometry uncovers a small optical inhomogeneity. The refractive index and inhomogeneity are strongly influenced by the oxygen backfill present during film condensation. Ion-assisted deposition (IAD) removes the optical inhomogeneity, increases the refractive index, and eliminates the air-to-vacuum spectral shift observed in films deposited without IAD. In addition, low energy IAD is found to increase the refractive indices of the films without affecting the optical inhomogeneity. This is explained by the preferential sputtering of hydroxide from the growing film surface by the low energy ions.
Understanding tubulin–Taxol interactions: Mutations that impart Taxol binding to yeast tubulin

We have successfully used mutagenesis to engineer Taxol (paclitaxel) binding activity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae tubulin. Taxol, a successful antitumor agent, acts by promoting tubulin assembly and stabilizing microtubules. Several structurally diverse antimitotic compounds, including the epothilones, compete with Taxol for binding to mammalian microtubules, suggesting that Taxol and these compounds share an overlapping binding site. However, Taxol has no effect on tubulin or microtubules from S. cerevisiae, whereas epothilone does. After considering data on Taxol binding to mammalian tubulin and recent modeling studies, we have hypothesized that differences in five key amino acids are responsible for the lack of Taxol binding to yeast tubulin. After changing these amino acids to those found in mammalian brain tubulin, we observed Taxol-related activity in yeast tubulin comparable to that in mammalian tubulin. Importantly, this experimental system can be used to reveal tubulin interactions with Taxol, the epothilones, and other Taxol-like compounds.
The Radical Cure: Commentary on Paper by Eyal Rozmarin

This commentary on Eyal Rozmarin's paper “To Be Is to Betray” considers the place of history in the psychoanalytic encounter. Examining texts by Adorno and Ferenczi, the author cautions against “radical cures” that conflate political values with analytic ones.
Kurt Vonnegut's Slaughterhouse-Five at Forty: Billy Pilgrim—Even More a Man of Our Times

Critical consensus agrees that Slaughterhouse-Five, forty-three years old this year, remains Vonnegut's canon masterpiece. In the 1960s and '70s, the novel was perceived as commenting on World War II, America's putative “good” war, through the lens of the controversial Vietnam War and proving that no war is ever fully righteous. Billy Pilgrim's story, an Everyman saga, condemns American apathy and the defeatist notion that the lone individual is the helpless plaything of juggernaut forces. Vonnegut vehemently argues that individual agency can still influence events in humanistic ways. Currently, in post-September 11, 2001, America, Billy's static meekness may be even more representative of the nation's mood than it was forty-one years ago. If America's current fascination with apocalyptic scenarios is any indication, the psychological exhaustion of the two-front War on Terror, the economic crisis, and disillusion with a new President's inability to reverse everything overnight has led to a near national d...
The Effects of Motorway Runoff on Watercourses in South‐West Scotland

The paper examines the potential pollution of rivers due to surface-water discharges from newly-built sections of the A74(M) motorway in south-west Scotland. A method for assessing the theoretical risks of pollution of road drainage is compared with the results of discharge monitoring. The impact of motorway runoff on the invertebrate fauna of watercourses is also investigated.
Picosecond photoinduced electronic and acoustic effects in a-Si:H based multilayer structures

Abstract Time-of-flight experiments in the time range from 1 psec to 1.8 nsec were performed on a-Si:H/a-SiN x :H multilayers using a purely optical technique. In a-Ge:H/a-Si:H multilayers we observed acoustic surface modes in real time by measuring the photoinduced change in reflection.
Registration of 17 upland (Gossypium hirsutum) cotton germplasm lines disomic for different G. barbadense chromosome or arm substitutions.

Seventeen germplasm lines (Reg. no. GP-836 through GP-852, PI 636346 to PI 636362) were each developed by hypoaneuploid-based backcross substitution of a different Gossypium barbadense chromosome or chromosome segment into a Gossypium hirsutum genetic background by the Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, the USDA-ARS and the Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station, and released in 2004. The substitution lines are genetically similar to TM-1, an Upland cotton (G. hirsutum) genetic standard, and to each other, except that each line differs by the replacement of a specific homologous pair of chromosomes or chromosome segments from the donor line 3-79, a G. barbadense genetic standard. TM-1 is an inbred line extracted from the commercial cultivar Deltapine 14 and has been maintained over 40 generations by self-pollination. Line 3-79 originated as a doubled-haploid from G. barbadense. The high fibre quality and genetic uniformity of 3-79 and the availability of hypoaneuploid stocks in TM-1 background influenced the choice of parental lines. The 17 germplasm lines were released because attempts to incorporate genes from G. barbadense for exceptional fibre length, strength and fineness into Upland cotton have generally not achieved stable introgression.
Effect of low intravaginal doses of prostaglandin E2 on the closure time of the ductus arteriosus in term newborn infants

Seventeen term newborn infants (control subjects) and 17 whose mothers had been given intravaginal doses of postaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ) were examined serially by color Doppler echocardiography to determine whether maternal PGE 2 prolonged ductal patency. No clinically relevant differences in closure times were found. Low-dose intravaginal PGE 2 therapy was not associated with prolonged ductal patency in term infants.
P02-243 Silence

Less can be more, much more. This brief four-stanza poem on “Silence” has served well as a focus in family psychotherapy addressing the changes in relationships between child and parent: inherent trust, perceived betrayal, attempts to heal, and communication. All parents and children at some time have felt or witnessed aspects of this poem. Poetry can be the catalyst for a deeper understanding of self, especially in the context of family. Poetry and poetry therapy permit the expression and analysis of powerful emotions and thoughts often too painful to vocalize.
Coordinate transformations and the theory of measurement

We discuss the criteria for deriving new information from coordinate transformations, focusing on the property of implementability, or measurability in practice. We contrast the role of coordinate transformations in classical and quantum physics, and demonstrate that many well-known applications fail to meet the criteria for new information. Finally, we discuss some mathematical properties of the coordinate transformations, and then relate these properties to a practical measurement scheme.
Cyclic changes in lipoprotein and apolipoprotein levels during the menstrual cycle in healthy premenopausal women on a controlled diet.

Lipoprotein, apolipoprotein (apo), and hormone levels were measured in 12 healthy women over three consecutive menstrual cycles, one free-living and two under controlled dietary conditions. Serum hormone levels were measured to identify menstrual cycle phases (menses, early follicular, late follicular, and midluteal). After stabilization for one cycle on the controlled diet, ANOVA modeling of the second controlled-diet cycle revealed that low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels in the midluteal phase were significantly lower (by 7%) than in the early follicular phase. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels during the late follicular phase were higher (by 6%) than menses levels. Differences in the HDL-cholesterol and apoA-I fluctuations resulted in a higher proportion of HDL-cholesterol to apoA-I during the late follicular phase than that during the menses phase. The ratios of LDL cholesterol/HDL cholesterol and apoB/apoA-I in the early follicular phase were greater by 5.6% and 6.0%, re...
Geometry and differentiability requirements in multibody railroad vehicle dynamic formulations

The dynamic equations of multibody railroad vehicle systems can be formulated using different sets of generalized coordinates; examples of these sets of coordinates are the absolute Cartesian and trajectory coordinates. The absolute coordinate based formulations do not require introducing an intermediate track coordinate system since all the absolute coordinates are defined in the global system. On the other hand, when the trajectory coordinates are used, a track coordinate system that follows the motion of a body in the railroad vehicle system is introduced. This track coordinate system is defined by the track geometry and the distance traveled by the body along the track centerline. The configuration of the body with respect to the track coordinate system is defined using five coordinates; two translations and three Euler angles. In this paper, the formulations based on the absolute and trajectory coordinates are compared. It is shown that these two sets of coordinates require different degrees of differentiability and smoothness. When an elastic contact formulation is used to study the wheel/rail dynamic interaction, there are significant differences in the order of the derivatives required in both formulations. In fact, as demonstrated in this study, in the absence of a contact constraint formulation, higher order derivatives with respect to geometric parameters are still required when the equations are formulated using the trajectory coordinates. The formulation of the constraints used in the analysis of the wheel/rail contact is discussed and it is shown that when the absolute coordinates are used, only third order derivatives need to be evaluated. The relationship between the track frame used in railroad vehicle dynamics and the Frenet frame used in the theory of curves to describe the curve geometry is also discussed in this paper. Based on the analysis presented in this paper, the advantages and drawbacks of a hybrid method which employs both the absolute and trajectory coordinates and planar contact conditions in order to reduce the number of contact constraints and relax the differentiability requirements are discussed. In this method, the absolute coordinates are used to formulate the equations of motion of the railroad vehicle system. The absolute coordinate solution can be used to determine the trajectory coordinates and their time derivatives. Using the trajectory coordinates, the motion of the body in the vehicle with respect to the track coordinate system can be predicted and used in the formulation of the planar contact model.
Recurrent vulvar carcinoma in pregnancy

Abstract Background Vulvar carcinoma is rare in the premenopausal age group. The incidence during pregnancy is even more uncommon. To date, no cases of recurrent vulvar carcinoma in pregnancy have been reported. We describe the first case of recurrent vulvar carcinoma during the same pregnancy. Case A 36-year-old G5P4004 presented with vulvar pain at 18 weeks of pregnancy. She had a 2.2-cm tender mass anterior to the left labium majus, of which a biopsy revealed invasive squamous cell carcinoma. At 23 weeks' gestation, she underwent a modified radical vulvectomy and bilateral inguinofemoral lymph node dissection. Eleven weeks later, she complained of a newly tender area to the right of the clitoris. A biopsy at that time demonstrated predominantly severe vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN III) with a small focus of invasive squamous cell carcinoma. A radical local excision was performed at 9 weeks postpartum. Conclusion Careful surveillance is warranted as squamous cell carcinoma recurrence can occur quickly in the setting of pregnancy.
The effect of nitrous oxide on time estimation in rats

Rats were trained on a temporal discrimination task in a two-way shuttlebox while inhaling air and tested while inhaling various concentrations of nitrous oxide. The animals successfully performed the tasks even while inhaling 50% nitrous oxide. At this concentration, response latencies increased. At 20% and 35% nitrous oxide, response latencies decreased. An interaction between conditioned fear in the shuttlebox and the sedative effect of nitrous oxide could explain these results. The ability of the rats to perform successfully a temporal task contrasts with results obtained from human subjects by other investigators. This could reflect the effect of nitrous oxide on alertness maintained by fear in rats as against different motivations in human subjects.
The long-term follow-up of patients with positive intraoperative cholangiograms during laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Background The routine use of laparoscopic common bile duct exploration (LCBDE) for common bile duct (CBD) stones discovered during cholecystectomy would be further supported if the long-term outcomes were similar to those for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography with endoscopic papillotomy (ERCP/EP).
Self-organized and scalable camera networks for systematic human tracking across nonoverlapping cameras

We present a self-organized and scalable multiple-camera tracking system that tracks human across the cameras with nonoverlapping views. Given the GPS locations of uncalibrated cameras, the system automatically detects the existence of camera link within the camera network based on the routing information provided by Google Maps. The connected zones in any pair of directly-connected cameras are identified based on the feature matching between the camera's view and Google Street View. The camera link model is further estimated by an unsupervised learning scheme. Finally, multiple-camera tracking is performed. Thanks to the unsupervised pairwise learning and tracking in our system, the camera network is self-organized, and our proposed system is able to be scaled up efficiently when more cameras are added into the network.
Cocaine stimulation of ovine fetal swallowing

Abstract Cocaine acts to block reuptake of neurotransmitters, resulting in elevated intra-synaptic norepinephrine levels. As monoaminergic systems may contribute to central regulation of swallowing motor activity as well as dipsogenic responses, and cocaine is known to alter fetal behavior, we examined the effect of intravenous cocaine on fetal swallowing. Six ovine fetuses (130 ± 1 days) were chronically prepared with esophageal electrodes and an esophageal flow probe. Following a 1-h control period, fetuses received an intravenous injection of 1.0 mg/kg cocaine over 30 s. Fetal blood samples were withdrawn at timed intervals and fetal swallowing activity was monitored for 180 min after the cocaine bolus. Basal fetal swallowing activity during the control period was 0.6 ± 0.1 swallows/min, with esophageal flow of 0.3 ± 0.1 ml/min. At 10 min following cocaine, fetal swallowing rate increased to 1.4 ± 0.4 swallows/min though esophageal flow did not change significantly (0.4 ± 0.2 ml/min). Swallowing rate then returned to basal levels. Fetal heart rate increased in response to cocaine injection (149 ± 14 to 174 ± 24 bts/min at 180 min) though there was no change in fetal mean blood pressure. These results demonstrate acute stimulation of fetal swallowing activity in response to intravenous cocaine injection. Together with previous reports, these data further illustrate the diversity of fetal behavioral effects in response to in utero cocaine exposure.
Characterization of Oxidized Nickel (II) Dimethylglyoxime Using X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy has been used to determine the oxidation state of nickel in the oxidized nickel (II) dimethylglyoxime complex. Core level binding energies for the Ni(2p), N(1s), and O(1s) levels; the presence or absence of shake-up satellites on the Ni(2p) levels; and the analysis of intensity data are consistent only with an assignment of +3. Structures consistent with the data are proposed for both the solid-and the solution-phase complexes.
Efficient parsing-based search over structured data

Parsing-based search, i.e., parsing keyword search queries using grammars, is often used to override the traditional "bag-of-words'" semantics in web search and enterprise search scenarios. Compared to the "bag-of-words" semantics, the parsing-based semantics is richer and more customizable. While a formalism for parsing-based semantics for keyword search has been proposed in prior work and ad-hoc implementations exist, the problem of designing efficient algorithms to support the semantics is largely unstudied. In this paper, we present a suite of efficient algorithms and auxiliary indexes for this problem. Our algorithms work for a broad classes of grammars used in practice, and cover a variety of database matching functions (set- and substring-containment, approximate and exact equality) and scoring functions (to filter and rank different parses). We formally analyze the time complexity of our algorithms and provide an empirical evaluation over real-world data to show that our algorithms scale well with the size of the database and grammar.
Late Middle and early Late Ordovician history of the Cincinnati arch province, central Kentucky to central Tennessee

Six limestone classes occur in the Ordovician strata from Lexington, Kentucky, to Nashville, Tennessee. Sediments that make up classes 1 through 4 were deposited in “open” epicontinental marine environments, whereas classes 5 and 6 reflect more “restricted” environments. These classes were used to calculate relative mechanical energy and depth indices for a defined time-stratigraphic interval. The base of this interval is a bentonite bed that occurs near the base of the Brannon Member of the Lexington Limestone, and the top is defined by a major change in the relative abundance of platform conodonts. Relative mechanical energy and depth contours intersect the present axis of the Cincinnati arch at a high angle, which suggests that a continuous arch was not present. Shoal environments existed in the Lexington area and northeast of the present Nashville dome. These shoals correspond to the positions of the Lexington and Nashville domes or precursors to these domes which were present during the defined time interval. Paleobathymetric contours parallel east- and south-trending normal faults that are present in and south of the Lexington, Kentucky, area. This suggests that these faults were active during late Middle Ordovician time and were partly responsible for creating the bathymetric relief necessary for higher-energy carbonate sediments to accumulate. Deeper-water environments between the two shoal areas reflect the presence of the Rome trough. The general bathymetric trend for these strata is one of submergence.
Survival analysis by sex, age group and hemotype in sickle cell disease.

Abstract In this paper the mortality experiences of 512 patients with sickle cell hemoglobinopathies were analyzed by age specific Kaplan-Meier survival curves for time on study. Of these patients, 381 had SS hemotype (sickle cell anemia), 97 had SC hemotype and 34 patients had hemoglobin S plus another abnormality. Of the total 512 patients, 247 were male and 265 were female. In the SS hemotype 182 were male and 199 were female, while in the SC hemotype 48 were male and 49 were female. In the remaining hemotypes there were 17 males and 16 females. The survival curve for a given sex and hemotype was obtained as a weighted average of the age specific Kaplan-Meier survival curves (weighted by the distribution of ages at which patients belonging to the particular sex-hemotype combination were first seen in the study). The weighted estimator seems to be appropriate for estimating the overall survival experience of a chronic genetic disease such as sickle cell disease, in which patients enter the study group at different ages related to factors such as time of discovery, occurrence of crises or complications and geographical relocation.
Phonatory Effects of Airway Dehydration: Preliminary Evidence for Impaired Compensation to Oral Breathing in Individuals With a History of Vocal Fatigue

Purpose Airway drying is detrimental to phonation and is posited to exacerbate vocal fatigue. However, limited research has demonstrated the adverse phonatory effects of dehydration in speakers rep...
Elastic Constants of the Fluxoid Lattice Near the Upper Critical Field

The elastic constants of the fluxoid lattice are calculated in terms of the reversible magnetisation curve by taking the appropriate derivatives of the free energy of the fluxoid assembly. The expressions obtained in previous work for the compressional modulus and for the shear modulus c44 in magnetic fields well below Hc2 are confirmed and their validity over the entire range of field between Hc1 and Hc2 is established. A new expression is derived for the shear modulus c66 in high fields. It turns out that c66 goes quadratically to zero if the applied field approaches Hc2. Die elastischen Konstanten des Flusfadengitters werden aus den entsprechenden Ableitungen der freien Energie als Funktionen der reversiblen Magnetisierungskurve berechnet. Die Ausdrucke, die in einer fruheren Arbeit fur den Kompressionsmodul und fur den Schermodul c44 in Magnetfeldern weit unterhalb Hc2 gefunden wurden, werden bestatigt und daruber hinaus ihre Gultigkeit im ganzen Bereich zwischen Hc1 und Hc2 bewiesen. Fur den Schermodul c66 ergibt sich bei hohen Feldern ein neuer Ausdruck, wonach c66 quadratisch gegen Null geht, wenn das angelegte Magnetfeld sich Hc2 nahert.
Transgenic over-expression of the microRNA miR-17-92 cluster promotes proliferation and inhibits differentiation of lung epithelial progenitor cells

The miR-17-92 locus encodes a cluster of 7 microRNAs transcribed as a single primary transcript. It can accelerate c-Myc induced B cell lymphoma development and is highly expressed in many tumors, including lung tumors. However, the role of miR-17-92 in development has not been well studied. From analysis of microRNAs during lung development, expression of the miR-17-92 cluster is high at early stages, but declines as development proceeds. We used the mouse surfactant protein C (Sftpc) promoter to over-express the cluster in embryonic lung epithelium. Transgenic lungs have a very abnormal lethal phenotype. They contain numerous proliferative epithelial cells that retain high levels of Sox9, a marker of distal progenitors. The differentiation of proximal epithelial cells was also inhibited. Furthermore, a significant increase in the number of neuroendocrine cell clusters was observed in the lungs of dead transgenic pups. We identify a tumor suppressor, Rbl2 which belongs to the Rb family, as a new target for miR-17-5p. Together, these studies suggest that mir-17-92 normally promotes the high proliferation and undifferentiated phenotype of lung epithelial progenitor cells.
New electron-excess color centers in KCl: Effect of O2− and SO2−4 ions

Abstract Two new absorption bands, along with the T bands previously reported by Ring and Grossweiner, have been observed in additively colored KCl. The bands are developed by bleaching F centers at high temperature in relatively pure KCl, but may be produced rapidly at room temperature in colored KCl crystals containing O 2− , or in sulfate-doped KCl which has been additively colored. It is proposed that the development of these bands is accelerated by the presence of negative ion vacancies introduced as charge compensation for the divalent anions, and that the new centers are aggregates containing one or more F centers with a vacancy pair. The segregation coefficient of K 2 SO 4 in KCl, between crystal and melt, was found to be 1.0 × 10 −3 .
Vector field interpolation using robust statistics

This paper investigates the problem of interpolating, under physical constraints, 3-D vector fields from sample vectors at irregular positions. This problem arises from analysis of fluid motion, but our results can also be used in such areas as geometric modeling, data approximation, and the analysis of other types of nonrigid motion. The algorithm proposed in this paper combines the generalized multivariate quadratic interpolation and physical constraints into one step to form an over-determined linear equation system. The least squares solution of this system gives the coefficients of interpolation. Since the interpolation is done in one step and is noniterative, it is computationally efficient. We utilize the methods in robust statistics to detect outliers in the sample data so that the result remains stable in the presence of gross errors. Another merit of our scheme is that by incorporating physical constraints into linear equation system, the algorithm takes into account the characteristics of vector field and is much less sensitive to noise. The algorithm is applied to both synthesized and real data representing 3-D fluid vector field. With the application to 3-D fluid flow in mind, we study the applicability of physical constraints in fluid kinematics and analyze the sources of noise from the real data acquisition. A comparison between our algorithm with previous work shows the robustness of our algorithm. The results of interpolating real flow data are presented.© (1992) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Reconstitution of Fine Coal

The production of fine coal in America's mines and coal preparation plants is increasing. A fraction of this coal can be blended with the larger-size clean coal and shipped to the user. However, a convenient means to handle, store, transport, and use the balance must be devised. Coal reconstitution, encompassing briquetting, disk pelleting, extrusion pelletization and roller-and-die pelletization, is a means frequently proposed for this service. This paper presents a review of the state-of-the-art of coal reconstitution. Processes best suited to treating coal fines from coal floatation, true-heavy liquid cyclones, and oil agglomeration processes are discussed. Experience gained at Battelle is presented. In addition, initial results of new work at Battelle to produce coal pellets from ultra-fine, ultra-clean coal that can be readily formulated in coal-water fuels are also presented.
Enhanced Entrapment of a Quaternary Ammonium Compound in Liposomes by Ion-Pairing

The encapsulation of a quaternary ammonium compound by multilamellar liposomes was enhanced by formation of ion-pairs with a counterion. Thus, [14C]methantheline bromide was synthesized and paired with a 25 M excess of trichloroacetate. Under these conditions, the amount of radioactivity entrapped by phosphatidylcholine liposomes was three times greater than when no trichloroacetate was present. The increased liposomal loading was probably due to the solubilization of the ion-pair in the lipid membrane of the liposome.
Dysmorphogenic Effects of First Trimester‐Equivalent Ethanol Exposure in Mice: A Magnetic Resonance Microscopy‐Based Study

Background The first trimester of human development and the equivalent developmental period in animal models is a time when teratogenic ethanol (EtOH) exposure induces the major structural birth defects that fall within fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD). Previous FASD research employing an acute high dose maternal intraperitoneal EtOH treatment paradigm has identified sensitive periods for a number of these defects. Extending this work, this investigation utilized high resolution magnetic resonance microscopy (MRM)-based analyses to examine the dysmorphology resulting from maternal dietary EtOH intake occurring during selected first trimester-equivalent time periods. Methods Female C57Bl/6J mice were acclimated to a liquid 4.8% EtOH (v/v)-containing diet, then bred while on standard chow. Dams were again provided the EtOH-containing liquid diet for a period that extended either from the beginning of gestational day (GD) 7 to the end of GD 11 or from the beginning of GD 12 to the end of GD 16. On GD 17, a subset of fetuses was selected for MRM-based analyses. Group comparisons were made for litter characteristics and gross dysmorphology, as well as whole and regional brain volumes. Results EtOH-induced stage of exposure-dependent structural brain abnormalities were observed. The GD 7 to 11 EtOH-exposed group presented with a significant decrease in cerebellar volume and an increase in septal volume, while GD 12 to 16 EtOH treatment resulted in a reduction in right hippocampal volume accompanied by enlarged pituitaries. Additionally, the GD 12 to 16 EtOH exposure caused a high incidence of edema/fetal hydrops. Conclusions These results illustrate the teratogenic impact of maternal dietary EtOH intake occurring at time periods approximately equivalent to weeks 3 through 6 (GD 7 to 11 in mice) and weeks 7 through 12 (GD 12 to 16 in mice) of human gestation, further documenting EtOH's stage of exposure-dependent neuroteratogenic end points and highlighting the vulnerability of selected brain regions during the first trimester. Additionally they suggest that clinical attention should be paid to fetal hydrops as a likely component of FASD.
Synchrobetatron stop bands due to a single crab cavity

We analyze the stop band due to crab cavities for horizontal tunes that are either close to integers or close to half integers. The latter case is relevant for today’s electron/positron colliders. We compare this stop band to that created by dispersion in an accelerating cavity and show that a single typical crab cavity creates larger stop bands than a typical dispersion at an accelerating cavity. We furthermore analyze whether it is beneficial to place the crab cavity at a position where the dispersion and its slope vanish. We find that this choice is worth while if the horizontal tune is close to a half integer, but not if it is close to an integer. Furthermore we find that stop bands can be avoided when the horizontal tune is located at a favorable side of the integer or the half integer. While we are here concerned with the installation of a single crab cavity in a storage ring, we show that the stop bands can be weakened, although not eliminated, significantly when two crab cavities per ring are chosen suitably.
Utilization of carbon fibers in thermal management of microelectronics

Power dissipation is expected to increase exponentially to 150-250 W per chip over the next decade. To manage this large heat output, it is necessary to minimize the thermal resistance between the chip and a heat dissipation unit that the device is attached to. It is therefore important to further improve the thermal performance of thermal interface materials (TIMs), which can be achieved through 1) improvement of the bulk thermal conductivity of TIMs; and/or 2) reduction of interfacial thermal resistances between the TIM and the device and/or TIM and the heat dissipation unit. The latter improvement may be obtained by enhanced physical properties of TIMs (e.g., viscosity or wetting ability) and/or surface modification of the heat dissipation unit or the inactive side of the device. Researchers have tried to take advantage of the high 1D thermal conductivities of graphite fibers, and more recently of carbon nanotubes (CNT), to reduce the thermal resistance between the chip and the heat dissipation unit. The efforts can be classified into three categories: 1) Forming pre-aligned graphite fiber or CNT films that have high bulk thermal conductivities in the heat transport direction, and applying such films as TIMs; 2) incorporating randomly oriented graphite fibers or CNT into silicone or epoxy matrices in the presence or absence of a second filler to improve bulk thermal conductivities, and applying the thus-formed blend as thermal greases, or adhesives or gels; and 3) growing CNT or graphite fibers from the heat sink/spreader surface and/or silicon backside and assembling them together with a TIM a to increase the bulk heat transport property and reduce the interfacial resistances, In this paper, we will present results for each of the three approaches, and discuss the challenges facing each one.
P-selectin Glycoprotein Ligand-1 Mediates L-Selectin–dependent Leukocyte Rolling in Venules

Leukocyte rolling in postcapillary venules of inflamed tissues is reduced in L-selectin–deficient mice and mice treated with L-selectin blocking antibodies, but the glycoprotein ligand for L-selectin in inflamed venules is unknown. Here, we show that L-selectin–dependent rolling after P-selectin blockade is completely absent in P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1)−/− mice or wild-type mice treated with a PSGL-1 blocking monoclonal antibody. Immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry failed to show PSGL-1 expression on resting or inflamed endothelium or on platelets. To investigate whether leukocyte-expressed PSGL-1 is mediating L-selectin–dependent rolling, we reconstituted lethally irradiated wild-type mice with PSGL-1−/− bone marrow cells. These chimeric mice showed no L-selectin–dependent rolling, suggesting that leukocyte-expressed PSGL-1 mediates L-selectin–dependent rolling. Frame-to-frame video analysis of L-selectin–dependent rolling in wild-type mice showed that the majority of observed L-selectin–dependent leukocyte rolling was between free flowing leukocytes and already adherent leukocytes or possibly leukocyte fragments, followed by E-selectin–dependent leukocyte rolling along the endothelium. Leukocyte rolling was significantly slower for leukocyte–endothelial than leukocyte–leukocyte interactions. We conclude that leukocyte-expressed PSGL-1 serves as the main L-selectin ligand in inflamed postcapillary venules. L-selectin binding to PSGL-1 initiates tethering events that enable L-selectin–independent leukocyte-endothelial interactions. These findings provide a molecular mechanism for the inflammatory defects seen in L-selectin–deficient mice.
Osteoarthrosis as the Cause of Craniomandibular Pain and Dysfunction: A Unifying Concept

46. Lundeen TF, Sturdevant JR, George JM: Stress as a factor in muscle and temporomandibular joint pain. J Oral Rehabil447, 1987 47. Stulberg SD, Keller CS: Exercise and osteoarthritis, in Moskowitz RW, Howell DS, Goldberg VM, et al (eds): Osteoarthritis, diagnosis and management. Philadelphia, Saunders, 1984, p 566 48. Moller E: Discussion in Klineberg 1, Sessle D (eds): Orofacial Pain and Neuromuscular Dysfunction. Mechanisms and Clinical Correlates. Adv Bio Sci 52:96. 1985 49. de Bont LGM, Boering G, Liem RSB, et al: bsteoarthrosis and internal derangement of the temporomandibular joint. A light microscopic study. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 44:634, 1986 50. McCoy JM, Gotcher J, Chase D: Histologic grading of TMJ tissues in internal derangement. Cranio 4:213, 1986 51. Rasmussen OC: Temporomandibular arthropathy. Clinical, radiologic, and therapeutic aspects, with emphasis on diagnosis. Int J Oral Surg 12:365, 1983 52. Beighton P, Grahame R, Bird H: Hypermobility of joints. Berlin, Springer-Verlag, 1983, p 46 53. Howell DS_ Etiopathogenesis of osteoarthritis, in Moskowitz RW. Howell DS. Goldberg VM. et al (edsl: Osteoarthritis, diagnosis and management.’ Philadelphia, Saunders, 1984, pp 129-146 54. Frost HM: Musculoskeletal pain, in Alling CC, Mahan PE (eds): Facial pain (ed 2). Philadelphia, Lea & Febiger, 1977, pp 144-145
Differential Response of Individual Uterine Cell Types from Immature Rats Treated with Estradiol

The separation of viable epithelial, stromal, and myometrial cells from immature rat uteri is described. The integrity of the separated cells was established by their ability to grow in culture and to exclude trypan blue and by transmission and scanning microscopy. Epithelial preparations contain insignificant contamination by other cells. Stromal fractions are estimated to contain 10% epithelial contamination. Myometrial fractions probably contain significant contamination by stroma, but the amount is difficult to quantify. The three cell types separated from untreated rats or from rats treated with 17 beta-estradiol (E2) differ from each other physiologically. Control epithelial cells incorporated more tritiated cytidine per microgram DNA than stromal or myometrial cells. 17 beta-Estradiol enhanced incorporation of tritiated cytidine into RNA of epithelial cells but not stromal or myometrial cells. RNA to DNA ratios of cells from untreated rats were 1.0 (epithelial), 0.5 (stromal), and 0.6 (myometrial). RNA to DNA ratios rose approximately 30% in all cell types after E2. Estrogen receptor (ER) concentrations, determined by Scatchard analysis under exchange conditions, also differed in the three cell types. Nuclear ER concentrations (as measured in crude nuclear fractions) were significantly higher (P less than 0.01) in epithelial and stromal cell fractions from untreated animals than in the myometrial fraction, i.e. 5.5, 3.8, and 1.2 fmol/microgram DNA, respectively. The chief effect of E2 administration was a significant increase (P less than 0.05) in cytosol ER of all cell types. Epithelial cells had the highest cytosol ER concentration, increasing from 0.5 to 3.1 fmol/microgram DNA 48 h after E2 administration. Although the myometrial cells had the lowest ER concentration, they contained 84-89% of the entire uterine ER by virtue of the proponderance of myometrium in the whole uterus. The differing responses of epithelial and stromal cells, therefore, are diluted or masked by the ER content of the myometrium in assays of whole uterus. Although the total number of ER sites in the cytosol and nucleus (16,900-32,100 sites/cell) in separated stromal cells at various times after E2 stimulation was similar to ER concentrations (20,000-30,000 sites/cell) previously reported for the whole uterus, the partition of ER between cytosol and nucleus (10:90) was different, favoring the nucleus even before E2 administration. ER began to appear in increased amounts in the cytosol only 24 h post E2 administration. When tritiated E2 was given in vivo and its specific binding was assessed in the uterine cells subsequently separated, ER partition between cytosol and nucleus was also heavily in favor of the nucleus. However, when whole uterus was assayed, the partition of ER between cytosol and nucleus (90:10) was exactly the opposite. Possible reasons for this unusual finding are discussed.
Teaching Demand Management and Price Optimization in the MBA Program at the Carnegie Mellon University Tepper School of Business

In this paper, I describe the course Demand Management and Price Optimization that I have taught in the MBA program at the Carnegie Mellon University Tepper School of Business during the past five years. I focus on my experience in teaching this course, which has significantly evolved over time from essentially a revenue management course to a course that emphasizes quantitative models that address features falling at the interface between the operations and marketing functions of a firm. I hope that prospective instructors of similar courses will find this discussion useful and informative in making their own choices regarding how to structure their courses.
Factors that influence doctors' participation in clinical research.

BACKGROUND Although clinical investigators are regarded as an endangered species, no systematic investigation of the factors that influence doctor participation in clinical research has previously been performed. AIM The objective of this study was to evaluate the influences of selected aspects of medical education, specialty selection and practice type upon current involvement in clinical research. METHODS Data were obtained by a mail survey of 428 graduates from the 1985-95 classes of the Penn State College of Medicine. RESULTS Among the 34% (n = 145) of doctors who were currently participating in clinical research, there was a higher rate of participation among those in medical and surgical specialties versus those in primary care or hospital-based specialties. Of those participating in clinical research, 46% (n = 65) had sought external funds for their research, and 82% (n = 51) of that group had been awarded funds. Those who had been awarded funds as the percentage of their time involved in clinical research increased were more likely to report that research carried out in medical school had positively influenced their current involvement in clinical research (P = 0.004). The gender distribution among both this latter funded group and the larger group of 145 who were participating in clinical research was 72% men and 28% women, whereas the gender distribution among all respondents was 60% men and 40% women. The 283 individuals who were not participating in clinical research cited financial, family, career plan and practice philosophy as reasons for not doing so. CONCLUSION The authors conclude that participation in medical research as a medical student may be under-recognised as a determinant of future involvement in clinical research and that the gender disparity of young doctors entering clinical research must be addressed.
The nature of the AgI...AgI interaction in different Ag(NH3)2 dimers embedded in supramolecular solids.

An isolated silver(I) ammonia monomer, a dimer, and a novel dimer containing an intercalated water molecule have been embedded as guests in supramolecular frameworks, [Ag(NH3)2][(H2thpe)(H3thpe)]⋅MeCN (1), [{Ag(NH3)2}2][(H2thpe)2]⋅4.25 H2O (2), and [{Ag(NH3)2}-H2O-{Ag(NH3)2}][(H2thpe)2]⋅benzene (3) (H3THPE=tris(hydroxyphenyl)ethane). The [{Ag(NH3)2}2]2+ dimer is not stable as an isolated entity, but is stabilized by hydrogen bonding in the supramolecular framework. The water-intercalated silver(I) ammonia dimer, which constitutes a novel species, is also subject by hydrogen bonding in concentrated solutions. The destabilization energy of the dimer relative to isolated monomers is calculated to be ≈300 kJ mol−1 by both perturbation methods and DFT theory. For the water-intercalated dimer it is calculated to be ≈200 kJ mol−1 according to the BSSE-corrected MP2 calculation. The different aggregate states show a dramatic variation of absorption and emission properties, in accordance with the concentration dependent red-shift observed in solutions. Natural-bond-orbital analysis shows that the disilver-ammonium-aquo “sandwich” cation in 3 is stabilized by interaction between the π lone pair orbital on the oxygen atom of the water molecule and AgIN σ antibonding molecular orbital.
Meaningful Learning in a New Paradigm for Educational Accountability: An Introduction

This special issue furthers the conversation begun in the August 2014 of edition of Education Policy Analysis Archives in the article Accountability for College and Career Readiness: Developing a New Paradigm by Linda Darling-Hammond, Gene Wilhoit and Linda Pittenger. That paper posits that as schools across the country take on the challenge of preparing all children for success in college, career, and life, states must in turn move toward creating more aligned systems of assessment and accountability. The authors recommend “an accountability approach that focuses on meaningful learning, enabled by professionally skilled and committed educators, and supported by adequate and appropriate resources, so that all students regardless of background are prepared for both college and career when they graduate from high school” (p. 1). This issue focuses particularly upon accountability for meaningful learning with subsequent issues focusing on professional accountability and resource accountability.
Collaborative Learning in the Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology Classroom

Abstract In recent years, colleges and universities across the country have been called upon to increase the quality of education provided and to improve student retention rates. In response to thi...
An architecture for cross-cloud auditing

Auditing message exchange in a cloud involves logging interactions between services that are dynamically composed to satisfy a client's request to the cloud. Additional cloud management services are needed to facilitate audit record capture of events occurring within the end-to-end round trip messaging of the composition and to analyze the resulting audit assets for security anomalies. When an external cloud, possibly in a federation, has a service needed for the task, audit assets must be conveyed back to the originating cloud for disclosure of communications and resource accesses. Otherwise, the external cloud may hide any potential vulnerabilities related to information tainting, message attacks, and resource misuse since these security risks cannot be directly assessed. In this paper, we underscore the importance of designing cross-cloud communications to retain security audit information to assess message and resource vulnerabilities and maintain federation trust. We present an architecture and a message schema for management, communication, and analysis.
The rooster and the butterflies

This paper describes a machine-checked proof of the Jordan-Holder theorem for finite groups. This purpose of this description is to discuss the representation of the elementary concepts of finite group theory inside type theory. The design choices underlying these representations were crucial to the successful formalization of a complete proof of the Odd Order Theorem with the Coq system.
Erratum to: A Look at Person- and Family-Centered Care Among Older Adults: Results from a National Survey

Erratum to: J Gen Intern Med DOI: 10.1007/s11606-015-3359-6 Due to an copyediting oversight, the title of this paper was presented incorrectly. The correct title is indicated above. The term ‘person- and family-centered care’ was intended throughout.
Minimum Wage Influences Educational Progression in Africa

Holistic development of civilization has a correlation to educational achievement and development. African nations low economics effect their educational progression and suggest that Africa itself may be slow in growth, achievement and developmental, due to low education. Minimum wage has a deep impact on this region of the world. International economic development initiatives appear to be least effective and the adverse impact most pervasive. Africa’s minimum wage policies have stunned or even halted progress. Lack of a standard minimum wage deters teachers from seeking employment in the region, diminishes tax revenues for educational purposes, and does little to motivate students to seek and complete formal education.