cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Are two document clusters better than one? The Cluster Performance Question for information retrieval

When do information retrieval systems using two document clusters provide better retrieval performance than systems using no clustering? We answer this question for one set of assumptions and suggest how this may be studied with other assumptions. The “Cluster Hypothesis” asks an empirical question about the relationships between documents and user-supplied relevance judgments, while the “Cluster Performance Question” proposed here focuses on the when and why of information retrieval or digital library performance for clustered and unclustered text databases. This may be generalized to study the relative performance of m versus n clusters.
IV.—The three-eyed haddock, Melanogrammus æglefinus, a “Fake.”

(1930). IV.—The three-eyed haddock, Melanogrammus aeglefinus, a “Fake.”. Annals and Magazine of Natural History: Vol. 6, No. 31, pp. 44-48.
Pediatric wilderness recreational deaths in western Washington state.

Abstract Study Objective: To determine the causes and characteristics of pediatric recreational wilderness deaths. Methods: All deaths of children between 12 months and 20 years of age involving a wilderness recreational activity in 5 western Washington counties between 1987 and 1996 were identified by medical examiners' logs. Univariate analysis was used to examine variables such as age, gender, activity, mechanism of injury, adult presence, blood alcohol level, safety equipment, and mode of evacuation. Results: Of 40 cases meeting inclusion criteria, 90% involved male subjects and 83% of victims were 13 to 19 years old. Hiking (33%), swimming (20%), and river rafting (10%) were the most common activities. Death was most often by drowning (55%) or closed head injury (26%). No victim was alone. All children younger than 10 years of age were accompanied by an adult, in contrast to only 26% of individuals 10 years or older. Only 4 victims had drugs or alcohol in their system. No victim wore a personal flotation device or helmet, and only 5% had foul weather gear. Although nearly one third of victims were transported by airlift, more than half of the victims were dead at the scene. Conclusion: Males and teenagers were the 2 major risk groups for recreational wilderness deaths. Traditional activities such as hiking and swimming were the most common causes of death. Children younger than 10 years died despite the presence of an adult, whereas teenagers were usually with groups of peers. The majority of victims were not prepared for adverse events with basic safety equipment.[Newman LM, Diekema DS, Shubkin CD, Klein EJ, Quan L: Pediatric wilderness recreational deaths in western Washington State. Ann Emerg Med December 1998;32:687-692.]
Comparison of Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysts for Glucose‐to‐Fructose Isomerization in Aqueous Media

Herein, the first comparison of the mechanisms of glucose-to-fructose isomerization in aqueous media enabled by homogeneous (CrCl3 and AlCl3) and heterogeneous catalysts (Sn-beta) by using isotopic-labeling studies is reported. A pronounced kinetic isotope effect (KIE) was observed if the deuterium label was at the C2 position, thus suggesting that a hydrogen shift from the C2 to C1 positions was the rate-limiting step with the three catalysts. 13C and 1H NMR spectroscopic investigations confirmed that an intra-hydride-transfer reaction pathway was the predominant reaction channel for all three catalysts in aqueous media. Furthermore, the deuterium atom in the labeled glucose could be mapped onto hydroxymethylfurfural and formic acid through reactions that followed the isomerization step in the presence of Bronsted acids. In all three catalysts, the active site appeared to be a bifunctional Lewis-acidic/Bronsted-basic site, based on a speciation model and first-principles calculations. For the first time, a mechanistic similarities between the homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis of aldose-to-ketose isomerization is established and it is suggested that learning from homogeneous catalysis could assist in the development of improved heterogeneous catalysts.
ZBP1 enhances cell polarity and reduces chemotaxis

The interaction of β-actin mRNA with zipcode-binding protein 1 (ZBP1) is necessary for its localization to the lamellipod of fibroblasts and plays a crucial role in cell polarity and motility. Recently, we have shown that low ZBP1 levels correlate with tumor-cell invasion and metastasis. In order to establish a cause and effect relationship, we expressed ZBP1 in a metastatic rat mammary adenocarcinoma cell line (MTLn3) that has low endogenous ZBP1 levels and delocalized β-actin mRNA. This leads to localization of β-actin mRNA, and eventually reduces the chemotactic potential of the cells as well as their ability to move and orient towards vessels in tumors. To determine how ZBP1 leads to these two apparently contradictory aspects of cell behavior – increased cell motility but decreased chemotaxis – we examined cell motility in detail, both in cell culture and in vivo in tumors. We found that ZBP1 expression resulted in tumor cells with a stable polarized phenotype, and reduced their ability to move in response to a gradient in culture. To connect these results on cultured cells to the reduced metastatic ability of these cells, we used multiphoton imaging in vivo to examine tumor cell behavior in primary tumors. We found that ZBP1 expression actually reduced tumor cell motility and chemotaxis, presumably mediating their decreased metastatic potential by reducing their ability to respond to signals necessary for invasion.
Immunoglobulin G, A, and M Responses to BK Virus in Renal Transplantation

Immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgA, and IgM antibodies were measured in serum samples from 71 organ donors, 81 kidney transplant recipients at transplantation, and 67 patients during the posttransplant period by using a virus-like particle-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). BK virus (BKV) and JC virus DNA were detected in urine and plasma by real-time PCR. IgG antibodies to BKV were demonstrated in the majority (80.3 to 100%) of patients irrespective of clinical category, but titers were highest in patients with active viral replication. IgA antibodies were present with greater frequency (72.7 to 81.3% versus 0 to 23.6%; P 0.577 optical density (OD) units or a rise in IgA or IgM level of >0.041 OD units was strongly associated with active viral replication. Urine viral load showed a positive correlation with IgM titer (r = 0.22) but a negative correlation with IgG titer (r = -0.28) and IgA titer (r = -0.1). Chronic dialysis patients typically did not have serologic or virologic evidence of active BKV infection. Anti-BKV titers did not rise in patients with JC viruria. In conclusion, measurement of anti-BKV antibody titer and class response can be used to detect the onset of viral replication. ELISAs can be quite specific despite considerable sequence homology between BK virus and JC virus.
An optimal distributed routing algorithm

A distributed optimal one-level routing algorithm is presented. The algorithm is based on Newton's method. Using the variable reduction method, the Hessian matrix becomes diagonal. An example shows that the algorithm has a much faster convergence rate, more accurate results, and better transient behavior than previous work. The algorithm is shown to be convergent, stable, robust, and loop free. >
Whole Body MRI: Strategies Designed to Improve Patient Throughput

The sections in this article are 1 Introduction 2 k-Space Formalism 3 Classification of Imaging Techniques 4 Various Embodiments of Spin Warp Imaging 5 Multiline Scanning Techniques 6 Other Methods of Scanning k-Space 7 Biographical Sketch Related Articles
A Guide to the Statistical Analysis of Long-Term Carcinogenicity Assays,

Statistical methods for analyzing data from chronic carcinogenicity bioassays are reviewed. When treatment groups do not show marked differences in tumor-free death rates, methods that compare the crude proportions of animals that develop tumors can be recommended as valid and powerful comparisons of age-specific tumor incidence rates. When the age at tumor onset can be observed, techniques of survival analysis such as the logrank test can adjust for differing tumor-free mortality rates. If tumors are strictly nonlethal, the age-adjusted comparison of tumor prevalence among dying animals compares age-specific tumor incidence rates. When tumors are occult or of intermediate lethality and when tumor-free death rates differ substantially, a variety of techniques are available, but most are computationally intensive and rely either on the collection of additional data or on additional assumptions that may not be met.
Inhibition of PI3K/AKT and MEK/ERK pathways act synergistically to enhance antiangiogenic effects of EGCG through activation of FOXO transcription factor

We have recently shown that epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a polyphenolic compound from green tea, inhibits angiogenesis. However, the molecular mechanisms by which EGCG inhibits angiogenesis have never been investigated. In this study, we examined the interaction of PI3K/AKT and MEK/ERK pathways on the regulation of FOXO transcription factors, which ultimately control the antiangiogenic effects of EGCG. Inhibition of PI3K/AKT and MEK/ERK pathways interact synergistically to inhibit migration and capillary tube formation of HUVEC cells and further enhanced the antiangiogenic effects of EGCG. Inhibition of AKT and MEK kinases synergistically induced FOXO transcriptional activity, which was further enhanced in the presence of EGCG. Phosphorylation deficient mutants of FOXO induced FOXO transcriptional activity, inhibited HUVEC cell migration and capillary tube formation. Inhibition of FOXO phosphorylation also enhanced antiangiogenic effects of EGCG through transcriptional activation of FOXO. Inhibition of PI3K/AKT and MEK/ERK pathways act synergistically to regulate antiangiogenic effects of EGCG through activation of FOXO transcription factors. The activation of FOXO transcription factors through inhibition of these two pathways may have physiological significance in management of diabetic retinopathy, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer.
The effect of water on gas-particle partitioning of secondary organic aerosol: II. m-xylene and 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene photooxidation systems

An investigation of the effect of relative humidity on aerosol formation from m-xylene and 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene photooxidation is reported. Experiments were performed in the presence and absence of ammonium sulfate seed particles (both aqueous and dry) to ascertain the effect of partitioning of oxidation products into a strong electrolytic solution or onto dry crystalline seed particles. In marked contrast to the α-pinene/ozone system, the final measured secondary organic aerosol yield was unaffected by the presence of gas-phase or liquid-phase water at relative humidities (RH) up to 50%. The hygroscopic nature of the aerosol generated upon photooxidation of m-xylene and 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene was examined; the hygroscopicity of the aerosol at 85% RH for both parent organics increased with the extent of the reaction, indicating that the first-generation oxidation products undergo further oxidation. Limited identification of the gas- and aerosol-phase products of m-xylene and 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene photooxidation is reported. It is evident that a more complete molecular identification of aromatic photooxidation aerosol awaits analytical techniques not yet brought to bear on this problem.
Erbium resonance-based dispersion effects on subpicosecond pulse propagation in fiber amplifiers: analytical studies

Subpicosecond Gaussian pulse propagation in an erbium-doped fiber amplifier is studied. An analytic expression for the pulse-broadening factor is obtained that includes the effects of gain, in addition to quadratic and cubic dispersion arising from the absorption and the emission spectra. The analytic results are compared with those obtained from numerical studies that incorporate precise gain and index wavelength dependences. Good agreement is obtained within the 1.53–1.56-µm wavelength range for input pulses as short as 0.25 ps.
Advanced front end signal processing electronics for ATLAS cathode strip chamber system

The ATLAS muon spectrometer will employ cathode strip chambers (CSC) to measure high momentum muons in the extreme forward regions. Preamplification of the charge on the strips is performed in the amplifier shaper module I. Amplifier shaper module II performs the analog buffering, digitization of the charge signals from individual cathode strips and multiplexes the data into two fibre optics links at 1 Gbps each. We present the design architecture of the complete front end electronics chain and its performance. We also report on the production and testing status of overall on detector electronics.
State Repression and Mobilization in Latin America

This chapter provides an overview of the relationship between state repression and mobilization in Latin America, using the sociopolitical history of the region to divide its study into two periods. In the pre-democratization era (1900s–1980s), most mobilization was undertaken to challenge the authoritarian and highly corporatist governments of the region. State repressive responses during this time varied according to cycles of moderate liberalization or entrenched authoritarianism. This resulted in a pattern of political opportunities-based and threat-induced mobilizations, which led to radicalization and a wave of transitions to democracy. As most Latin American states completed their transitions to electoral democracies (1990s-present), more overt and severe forms of state coercion diminished, giving way to lighter forms of repression (e.g., more professionalized police forces, the use of nonlethal weapons). As a result, opportunities for mobilization began to open, leading to the rapid growth of social rights and identity-based movements, as well as movements in response to globalization and neoliberal policies. The chapter concludes by noting areas that are currently underdeveloped and offer potential opportunities for further research.
Temperature and Field Dependence in Polymer Light Emitting Diodes

We investigate the electrical properties of Polymer Light Emitting Diodes (LED’s). The experimental data consists of steady state current-voltage characteristics and radiance as a function of temperature. The basic LED structure is Anode/MEH-PPV (2-methoxy, 5-(2′-ethyl-hexyloxy)-1, 4-phenylene vinylene)/Cathode, with a polymer film 120-140 nm thick. We use different anode/cathode pairs to study transport and light emission properties. Measurements of external quantum efficiency of bipolar and monopolar devices are presented from 200 K to 300 K. The electron and hole mobilities are derived in the trap-free limit and at high voltages.
AggieAir — a low-cost autonomous multispectral remote sensing platform: New developments and applications

Data acquired by aircraft, satellites and other sources of remote sensing has become very important for many applications. Even though current platforms for remote sensing have proved to be robust, they can also be expensive, have low spatial and temporal resolution, with a long turnover time. At Utah State University (USU), there is an ongoing project to develop a new small, low-cost, high resolution, multispectral remote sensing platform which is completely autonomous, easy to use and has a fast turnover time. Many new developments have been added to AggieAir which have improved the flight performance and flexibility, increased the flight time and payload capacity. Furthermore, these developments have made it possible to carry an imaging system with more quality and resolution. With these new developments, AggieAir has begun work with many projects from areas in agriculture, riparian habitat mapping, highway and road surveying and fish tracking. Development on AggieAir continues with future plans with a thermal inferred camera, an in house iner-tial measurement unit (IMU) and better navigation to handle higher winds.
Purification and activation properties of UreD-UreF-urease apoprotein complexes.

In vivo assembly of the Klebsiella aerogenes urease nickel metallocenter requires the presence of UreD, UreF, and UreG accessory proteins and is further facilitated by UreE. Prior studies had shown that urease apoprotein exists in an uncomplexed form as well as in a series of UreD-urease (I.-S. Park, M.B. Carr, and R.P. Hausinger, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91:3233-3237, 1994) and UreD-UreF-UreG-urease (I.-S. Park and R.P. Hausinger, J. Bacteriol. 177:1947-1951, 1995) apoprotein complexes. This study demonstrates the existence of a distinct series of complexes consisting of UreD, UreF, and urease apoprotein. These novel complexes exhibited activation properties that were distinct from urease and UreD-urease apoprotein complexes. Unlike the previously described species, the UreD-UreF-urease apoprotein complexes were resistant to inactivation by NiCl2. The bicarbonate concentration dependence for UreD-UreF-urease apoenzyme activation was significantly decreased compared with that of the urease and UreD-urease apoproteins. Western blot (immunoblot) analyses with polyclonal anti-urease and anti-UreD antibodies indicated that UreD is masked in the UreD-UreF-urease complexes, presumably by UreF. We propose that the binding of UreF modulates the UreD-urease apoprotein activation properties by excluding nickel ions from binding to the active site until after formation of the carbamylated lysine metallocenter ligand.
Reproductive Biology of Clinch Dace, Chrosomus sp. cf. saylori

Abstract Chrosomus sp. cf. saylori (Clinch Dace) is an undescribed species that is recognized at the state and federal level as a species in need of conservation. The reproductive biology of Clinch Dace is unknown. Here we use in situ breeding observations to infer the timing and mode of reproduction and laboratory analyses to quantify primary and secondary sex characteristics. We conclude that Clinch Dace spawn from May to July using a nest association. Clinch Dace reach reproductive maturity at 2 years, and have a lower number of mature eggs per female and gonadosomatic index in comparison to other Chrosomus species. There was a 3:1 female-biased sex ratio, and pectoral fin length was the only sexually dimorphic external trait. Low reproductive potential coupled with small population sizes and a fragmented distribution places Clinch Dace at a high risk of extirpation.
Carpenter-Coustan Compared With National Diabetes Data Group Criteria for Diagnosing Gestational Diabetes

OBJECTIVE:Use of Carpenter-Coustan compared with National Diabetes Data Group criteria increases the number of women diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) by 30–50%, but whether treatment of this milder GDM reduces adverse outcomes is unknown. We explored the effects of the diagnostic c
Enhancing muconic acid production from glucose and lignin-derived aromatic compounds via increased protocatechuate decarboxylase activity.

The conversion of biomass-derived sugars and aromatic molecules to cis,cis-muconic acid (referred to hereafter as muconic acid or muconate) has been of recent interest owing to its facile conversion to adipic acid, an important commodity chemical. Metabolic routes to produce muconate from both sugars and many lignin-derived aromatic compounds require the use of a decarboxylase to convert protocatechuate (PCA, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate) to catechol (1,2-dihydroxybenzene), two central aromatic intermediates in this pathway. Several studies have identified the PCA decarboxylase as a metabolic bottleneck, causing an accumulation of PCA that subsequently reduces muconate production. A recent study showed that activity of the PCA decarboxylase is enhanced by co-expression of two genetically associated proteins, one of which likely produces a flavin-derived cofactor utilized by the decarboxylase. Using entirely genome-integrated gene expression, we have engineered Pseudomonas putida KT2440-derived strains to produce muconate from either aromatic molecules or sugars and demonstrate in both cases that co-expression of these decarboxylase associated proteins reduces PCA accumulation and enhances muconate production relative to strains expressing the PCA decarboxylase alone. In bioreactor experiments, co-expression increased the specific productivity (mg/g cells/h) of muconate from the aromatic lignin monomer p-coumarate by 50% and resulted in a titer of >15 g/L. In strains engineered to produce muconate from glucose, co-expression more than tripled the titer, yield, productivity, and specific productivity, with the best strain producing 4.92±0.48 g/L muconate. This study demonstrates that overcoming the PCA decarboxylase bottleneck can increase muconate yields from biomass-derived sugars and aromatic molecules in industrially relevant strains and cultivation conditions.
Master-Slave Remote Controlled Vascular Interventional Robot

Catheter should be controlled by doctor 's hands during the traditional vascular interventional surgery which had some disadvantages, as the doctor absorbed radiation and operation quality was affected by human factors. To solve the problem,master-slave remote controlled vascular interventional robot assisting doctor was designed. According to the requirements of clinical surgery,the subordinate feed mechanism and master operational device were designed respectively on the basis of the modular concept,the hardware and software were developed to achieve the master-slave mode. The necessary performances were tested,the motion control accuracy of less than 1 mm and the master-slave real-time motion of 0. 44 ms were confirmed. The results showed that the robot system can solve the problems of traditional surgery, and meet the requirements of vascular interventional surgery on function and performance,which has high value for clinical application.
The microbiota and immune response during Clostridium difficile infection

Clostridium difficile is a gram-positive, spore forming anaerobe that infects the gut when the normal microbiota has been disrupted. C. difficile infection (CDI) is the most common cause of hospital acquired infection in the United States, and the leading cause of death due to gastroenteritis. Patients suffering from CDI have varying symptoms which range from mild diarrhea to pseudomembranous colitis and death. The involvement of the immune response to influence disease severity is just beginning to be investigated. There is evidence that the immune response can facilitate either protective or pathogenic phenotypes, suggesting it plays a multifaceted role during CDI. In addition to the immune response, the microbiota is pivotal in dictating the pathogenesis to CDI. A healthy microbiota effectively inhibits infection by restricting the ability of C. difficile to expand in the colon. Thus, understanding which immune mediators and components of the microbiota play beneficial roles during CDI will be important to future therapeutic developments. This review outlines how the microbiota can modulate specific immune mediators, such as IL-23 and others, to influence disease outcome.
The Resolution Principle

This chapter discusses the resolution principle due to Robinson to avoid the generation of sets of ground instances as required in Herbrand's procedure. It can be applied directly to any set S of clauses, not necessarily ground clauses, to test the unsatisfiability of S . The essential idea of the resolution principle is to check whether S contains the empty clause □ · If S contains □, then S is unsatisfiable. If S does not contain □, the next thing to check is whether □ can be derived from S . The chapter discusses the resolution principle for the propositional logic, and also for the first-order logic. The resolution principle is a very powerful inference rule. The chapter shows that the resolution principle is complete in proving the unsatisfiability of a set of clauses, that is, given a set S of clauses, S is unsatisfiable if and only if there is a resolution deduction of the empty clause □ from S .
Genetic and Developmental Basis of Congenital Cardiovascular Malformations

Abstract Heart malformations are the most common class of birth defects. There are numerous known causes of congenital heart defects including genetic abnormalities and teratogens. A large number of chromosomal, genomic and single gene (Mendelian) disorders that cause heart malformations have been identified. Patterns of inheritance include de novo dominant, transmitted autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive and X-linked recessive; mutations in more than 150 different human genes have been found to cause heart defects. There is an association of classes of heart defects with classes of specific genes, for example, genes encoding cilia components may cause left-right patterning abnormalities. Mutations in some genes lead to a wide spectrum of heart defects encompassing multiple disparate classes.
Abstract 1661: TRIP12 as a mediator of human papillomavirus/p16-related radiation enhancement effects

Objective: Patients with human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) have better responses to radiotherapy and higher overall survival rates than do patients with HPV-negative HNSCC, but the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are unknown. P16 is used as a surrogate marker for HPV infection. Our goal was to examine the role of p16 in HPV-related favorable treatment outcomes and to investigate the mechanisms by which p16 may regulate radiosensitivity. Methods: HNSCC cells and xenografts were used. P16-overexpressing (HPV/p16-negative HN5 and UMSCC-1) and p16 shRNA knockdown (HPV/p16-positive UMSCC-47 and UCPI-SCC154) cells, TRIP12 shRNA or siRNA knockdown (HPV/p16-negative HN5 and Fadu) cells were generated. The effects of p16 or TRIP12 on HNSCC cell radiosensitivity were determined by clonogenic cell survival. The effects of p16 on tumor xenografts (HPV/p16-negative HN5 and HPV/p16-positive UMSCC-47) radioresponse were evaluated by tumor growth delay assays. DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) were assessed by immunofluorescence analysis of 53BP1 foci; DSB levels were determined by neutral comet assay; western blotting was used to evaluate protein changes; changes in protein half-life were tested with a cycloheximide assay; gene expression was examined by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR); and data from The Cancer Genome Atlas HNSCC project were analyzed. Results: P16 expression led to downregulation of TRIP12 protein both in vitro and in vivo via decreasing TRIP12 protein9s half life, which in turn led to increased RNF168 levels and subsequently repressed DNA damage repair, represented by increased 53BP1 foci and neutral comet moment tails at 24 hours after irradiation. As a result, p16 expression enhanced radioresponsiveness both in vitro and in vivo. Inhibition of TRIP12 expression led to radiosensitization through repressed DNA damage repair, represented by decreased BRCA1 foci at 1 and 5 hours after irradiation; and increased neutral comet moment tails at 24 hours after irradiation. Furthermore, overexpression of TRIP12 was associated with poor survival in patients with HPV-positive HNSCC. Conclusions: The findings of our study reveal that p16 participates in radiosensitization through influencing DNA damage repair. P16 downregulates TRIP12 protein expression via post-translational regulation. Inhibition of TRIP12 sensitized HNSCC cells via prohibition of DNA damage repair. These findings support the rationale of blocking TRIP12 signaling to improve radiotherapy outcomes. Citation Format: Li Wang, Peijing Zhang, David Molkentine, Jessica Molkentine, Uma Raju, David Valdecanas, Ramesh Tailor, Howard Thames, Thomas Buchholz, Junjie Chen, Li Ma, Kathy Mason, Raymond Meyn, Heath D. Skinner. TRIP12 as a mediator of human papillomavirus/p16-related radiation enhancement effects. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 1661.
Middlebury College 2013-14 John Hamilton Fulton Lecture in the Liberal Arts: a public conversation with Angelique Kidjo

On October 2 and 3, 2013 Middlebury College hosted Grammy Award-winning artist and social advocate Angelique Kidjo to give the 2013â€“14 John Hamilton Fulton Memorial Lecture in the Liberal Arts and to perform a concert.
Oak mistletoe (Phoradendron villosum) is linked to microhabitat availability and avian diversity in Oregon white oak (Quercus garryana) woodlands.

Mistletoes are parasitic or hemiparasitic flowering plants that parasitize woody plants around the globe. Important food and cover resources provided by mistletoes have been related to strong patte...
An ultra low power SIMD processor for wireless devices

This paper presents an ultra low power programmable processor architecture for wireless devices that support 4G wireless communications and video decoding. To derive such an architecture, first we analyzed the kernel algorithms that constitute these applications. The characteristics of these algorithms helped define the wide-SIMD architecture, where the SIMD width can be configured at run time to the specifics of the algorithm being executed. For ultra low power operation, we advocate operating the processor at near threshold voltage. While a combination of near-threshold circuit techniques and parallel SIMD computations achieves excellent energy efficiency, near-threshold operations suffer from large delay variations due to increased process variability. The paper explores low overhead architectural techniques to tolerate and mitigate problems due to delay variations. The techniques include replication of SIMD functional units to replace faulty ones and use of an XRAM crossbar to efficiently set up the new error-free SIMD datapath.
Ross and Man and Boy: The Vision Darkens

As Rattigan’s course in playwriting continues into the sixties and seventies, he comes to see death as the only way to attain true peace. In Ross, Rattigan makes Bernard Shaw’s presence felt, both explicitly (in the first scene Lawrence reports he has just had dinner with Mr. and Mrs. Shaw) and implicitly (through Shaw’s having modeled Joan on Lawrence). The play achieves extraordinary expressive force in dramatizing T. E. Lawrence’s quiet despair over his involvement in a war that he thought would lead the Arab peoples to nationhood (the kind of ideal Alexander the Great pursued), for Lawrence’s failures have killed many people, but so have his successes, making it difficult to distinguish the former from the latter. The moral ambiguity of Lawrence’s character will be replicated in the protagonist of Man and Boy, Gregor Antonescu, an international financier and swindler. He dies by his own hand, not needing to die alone but, having failed to maintain the few human connections he had made, being compelled to.
Canonical Equation K 17 for Identically Distributed Independent Vector Observations and the G 2-Estimators of the Real Stieltjes Transforms of the Normalized Spectral Functions of the Covariance Matrices

In this chapter, we use the assumption traditional for multidimensional statistical analysis that the observations of a certain random vector are independent and identically distributed. Here, we consider some important consistent and asymptotically normal estimators obtained with the help of some canonical equations.
Religiosity and store choice criteria: exploring Christian consumers’ apparel shopping behavior in the United States

This paper was collected in the 2014 International Textile and Apparel Association Proceedings #71. www.itaaonline.org
Urban residence, neighborhood poverty, race/ethnicity, and asthma morbidity among children on Medicaid

Background Although poor-urban (inner-city) areas are thought to have high asthma prevalence and morbidity, we recently found that inner cities do not have higher prevalent pediatric asthma. Whether asthma morbidity is higher in inner-city areas across the United States is not known. Objective This study sought to examine relationships between residence in poor and urban areas, race/ethnicity, and asthma morbidity among children with asthma who are enrolled in Medicaid. Methods Children aged 5 to 19 enrolled in Medicaid in 2009 to 2010 were included. Asthma was defined by at least 1 outpatient or emergency department (ED) visit with a primary diagnosis code of asthma over the 2-year period. Urbanization status was defined at the county level and neighborhood poverty at the zip-code level. Among children with asthma, logistic models were created to examine the effects of urbanization, neighborhood poverty, and race/ethnicity on rates of asthma outpatient visits, ED visits, and hospitalizations. Results This study included 16,860,716 children (1,534,820 with asthma). Among children enrolled in Medicaid, residence in inner-city areas did not confer increased risk of prevalent asthma in either crude or adjusted analyses, but it was associated with significantly more asthma-related ED visits and hospitalizations among those with asthma in crude analyses (risk ratio, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.24-1.36; and 1.97; 95% CI, 1.50-1.72, respectively) and when adjusted for race/ethnicity, age, and sex (adjusted risk ratio, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.08-1.15; and 1.62; 95% CI, 1.26-1.43). Residence in urban or poor areas and non-Hispanic black race/ethnicity were all independently associated with increased risk of asthma-related ED visits and hospitalizations. Conclusions Residence in poor and urban areas is an important risk factor for asthma morbidity, but not for prevalence, among low-income US children.
Tracking Multiple Ground Objects Using a Team of Unmanned Air Vehicles

This paper proposes a system architecture for tracking multiple ground-based objects using a team of unmanned air systems (UAS). In the architecture pipeline, video data is processed by each UAS to detect motion in the image frame. The ground-based location of the detected motion is estimated using a geolocation algorithm. The subsequent data points are then process by the recently introduced Recursive RANSAC (R-RANSASC) algorithm to produce a set of tracks. These tracks are then communicated over the network and the error in the coordinate frames between vehicles must be estimated. After the tracks have been placed in the same coordinate frame, a track-to-track association algorithm is used to determine which tracks in each camera correspond to tracks in other cameras. Associated tracks are then fused using a distributed information filter. The proposed method is demonstrated on data collected from two multi-rotors tracking a person walking on the ground.
Iron(III) Ejection from a "Beheaded" TAML Activator: Catalytically Relevant Mechanistic Insight into the Deceleration of Electrophilic Processes by Electron Donors.

Kinetic studies of the acid-induced ejection of iron(III) show that the more electron-rich tetra-amido-N macrocyclic ligand (TAML) activator [FeIII{(Me2CNCOCMe2NCO)2CMe2}OH2]− (4), which does not have a benzene ring in its head component (“beheaded” TAML), is up to 1 × 104 times more resistant than much less electron-rich [FeIII{1,2-C6H4(NCOCMe2NCO)2CMe2}OH2]− (1a) to the electrophilic attack. This counterintuitive increased resistance is seen in both the specific acid (kobs = k1[H+]/(K + [H+])) and phosphate general acid (kII = (kdiKa1 + ktri[H+])/(Ka1+[H+])) demetalation pathways. Insight into this reactivity puzzle was obtained from coupling kinetic data with theoretical density functional theory modeling. First, although 1a and related complexes are six-coordinate in water, 4 has a strong tendency to repel the second aqua ligand favoring [LFe(OH2)]− and making appropriate the comparison of monoaqua-4 with diaqua-1a in the demetalation process. Second, dearomatization exerts a strong effect on the high...
The role of jab1, a putative downstream effector of the neurotrophic cytokine macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in zebrafish inner ear hair cell development

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a neurotrophic cytokine essential for inner ear hair cell (HC) development and statoacoustic ganglion (SAG) neurite outgrowth, and SAG survival in mouse, chick and zebrafish. Another neurotrophic cytokine, Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP1) is known to synergize with MIF; but MCP1 alone is insufficient to support mouse/chick SAG neurite outgrowth or neuronal survival. Because of the relatively short time over which the zebrafish inner ear develops (~30hpf), the living zebrafish embryo is an ideal system to examine mif and mcp1 cytokine pathways and interactions. We used a novel technique: direct delivery of antisense oligonucleotide morpholinos (MOs) into the embryonic zebrafish otocyst to discover downstream effectors of mif as well as to clarify the relationship between mif and mcp1 in inner ear development. MOs for mif, mcp1 and the presumptive mif and mcp1 effector, c-Jun activation domain-binding protein-1 (jab1), were injected and then electroporated into the zebrafish otocyst 25-48hours post fertilization (hpf). We found that although mif is important at early stages (before 30hpf) for auditory macular HC development, jab1 is more critical for vestibular macular HC development before 30hpf. After 30hpf, mcp1 becomes important for HC development in both maculae.
AN INSTRUMENTED LAXITY TEST OF THE KNEE

Publisher Summary This chapter presents the results of an instrumented laxity test of the knee. Several different devices have been developed to test for knee ligament instability. These devices require rigid restraint of the subject's femur and upper body, and are slow and have poor reliability. In the test method described in the chapter, the small cables driving potentiometers are attached to the body with Velcro straps to measure the lateral displacement of the ankle, knee joint line, and the upper body. These do not interfere with the normal clinical examination. This method provides a quick, inexpensive way to reliably ascertain the degree of laxity of the knee in varus–valgus. The method is more reliable than the normal clinical exam but is used in the same manner with little training. The test shows that anthropometric variables have a poor correlation to laxity and that females are looser than males. The test also shows that the normal valgus laxity is less than the normal varus laxity.
Photo Quiz: Peripheral Blood Smear in a Ugandan Refugee.

A 22-year-old man presented to our hospital with a 10-day history of a frontal headache, chills, and lethargy, associated with rhinorrhea and a nonproductive cough. The patient was originally from the Democratic Republic of Congo and had been living in a refugee camp in Uganda, near Kampala, for the
Development of a prognostic scoring system for patients with advanced cancer enrolled in immune checkpoint inhibitor phase 1 clinical trials.

We sought to develop a prognostic scoring system to aid in patient selection for immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) phase 1 clinical trials. Clinical data from patients treated in phase 1 ICI clinical trials at MD Anderson (MDA) Center were analysed. Seventeen clinical factors were studied. Recursive partitioning analysis, a tree-based model, was used to develop a regression tree and identify optimal cut-points based on differences in survival for each clinical factor. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was then used to identify factors independently affecting overall survival. A prognostic scoring system was subsequently developed. A total of 172 patients (105 CTLA4- and 67 PD1-based) were analysed. Seven factors were independently associated with worse overall survival (OS): age>52 years (hazard ratio (HR) 1.59, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1–2.4), Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status>1 (HR 2.81, 95%CI 1.3–6.3), lactate dehydrogenase >466 (which is 0.75 × the upper limit of normal at our institution) (HR 2.1, 95% CI 1.4–3.2), platelet count >300 × 103 μL−1 (HR 1.8, 95% CI 1.2–2.8), absolute neutrophil count >4.9 × 103 μL−1 (HR 2.3, 95% CI 1.5–3.5), absolute lymphocyte count <1.8 × 103 μL−1 (HR 3.3, 95% CI 1.9–5.7), and liver metastases (HR 1.8, 95% CI 1.2–2.6). An index was created by dividing the cohort into risk groups based on the number of factors present: 0–2, 3, 4, or 5–6. Median OS was 24.2 months, 11.6 months, 8.0 months, and 3.8 months for patients with 0–2, 3, 4, or 5–6 risk factors, respectively; log-rank test, P<0.0001. The Harrell c-index of this scoring system was 0.72, indicating better predictability than the Royal Marsden Hospital score (c-index 0.67) and MDA score (c-index 0.61). We have developed a novel ‘MDA-ICI’ prognostic scoring system for patients treated in phase 1 ICI clinical trials. Prospective evaluation and external validation is warranted and may help aid patient selection for future clinical trials.
The Effect of Gravity on the Weld Pool Shape in Stainless Steel

To obtain a high quality weld we need to understand the mechanical and thermal properties of the material and its melt, and the solidification mode and its morphology. Convective flow during welding is dependent upon buoyancy, surface tension and its temperature coefficient (dγ/dT), the arc drag and electromagnetic forces, the shielding gas, and the viscosity of the melt. By controlling fluid flow and heat transfer during welding, one should be able to control the weld solidification mode, morphology and segregation, and by that, prevent defects in the fusion zone. Buoyancy and Marangoni flow are major factors in controlling weld solidification.1,2 There is a lack of knowledge on the effect of gravity, especially macro-gravity (> lg), on weld pool geometry. Thus, the objective of this work is to evaluate the shape and profile of the fusion zone of 304 and 316 gas-tungsten arc welds during centrifugation.
Why L12 intermetallics are brittle and how to make them ductile

Origins of the intrinsic and extrinsic brittleness of L12 intermetallics are analyzed. It is shown that the intrinsic behavior is determined by the dislocation process in the alloy, and that the extrinsic behavior is related to moisture-induced embrittlement. Converting DO22 structure to L12 structure does not necessarily yield a ductile alloy. To improve the intrinsic ductility, the alloying element must be able to change the bonding nature so that the glissile complex stacking fault-coupled dissociation of superdislocations is promoted, while an improvement in the extrinsic ductility might be achieved by partially replacing the light element in the alloy with a heavier alloying element.
Pathophysiology of Impairment in Patients with Spasticity and Use of Stretch as a Treatment of Spastic Hypertonia

Paralysis, muscle shortening, and muscle overactivity are the three main disabling factors in patients with spasticity. Occurring after most central lesions, muscle overactivity and shortening are not equally spread throughout all muscles of the body. In an agonist-antagonist couple, there is invariably "greater" overactivity and shortening of one versus the other. This is the rationale for the use of targeted local treatments that train the weaker agonist and stretch and partially block the more overactive and shorter antagonist. Central paralysis, muscle shortening, and muscle overactivity are intertwined, and the three corresponding therapies, motor training, stretch, and local partial blocks, should be implemented in combination. This triple treatment is the main condition for any functional recovery. Muscle shortening occurs acutely after a central nervous system lesion; therefore its treatment should be implemented as rapidly as possible.
The Architecture of Avarice in Ion de Sosa’s Sueñan los androides or How I Learned to Stop Worrying About the Economic Crisis and Love the Sheep

This chapter investigates how spatial constructions in Ion de Sosa’s experimental dystopian film Suenan los androides (Androids Dream) (2014) draw attention to the role of avarice as a motivating force behind the antagonist’s behavior in the film and as a contributing factor to the 2008 financial crisis in real life. In addition, intertextual references to Philip K. Dick’s 1968 novel Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? (on which the film is loosely based) underscore these parallels. The landscapes in the film suggest that the elite sacrifice the middle class (including, most notably, Spanish youth) in pursuit of symbolic displays of wealth. The film portrays the labor done by the Spanish precariat as menial and dehumanizing, while drawing attention to the obstacles they face in seeking socioeconomic mobility.
Analysis of the perioperative change in cognitive function of patients with risk factors for cognitive impairment in cardiovascular surgery

The purpose of the present study is to assess the perioperative changes in the cognitive function of patients after cardiovascular surgery (CVS) and to find out risk factors for early postoperative cognitive decline. From December 2013 to March 2017, 291 patients underwent elective or urgent CVS with cardiopulmonary bypass in our institution. One hundred and fifteen patients, who agreed to an evaluation of their cognitive function, were included in this study. The cognitive function was evaluated by the HDS-R and MMSE at three time points: before surgery, in the early postoperative period and at discharge. The patients’ characteristics, perioperative data, HDS-R and MMSE scores were obtained by reviewing their medical records retrospectively. The patients were stratified into three age groups. In all of the age groups, the early postoperative cognitive functional scores were severely decreased in comparison to the preoperative values. However, by the time of discharge, the function had improved to the same level as before surgery in each of the groups. In addition, the similar tendency was observed in patients with preoperative cognitive dysfunction. Moreover, multiple regression analysis demonstrated that preoperative cognitive function and age were significant risk factors for early cognitive impairment. Although preoperative cognitive decline and patients’ age were the risk factors for early postoperative cognitive impairment after CVS, a significant recovery can be expected even in elderly patients or patients with low preoperative cognitive function by the time of discharge.
La transición de la ortografía casera a la académica en un corpus de folletos políticos chilenos (1880-1939)

Este articulo busca contribuir en la documentacion de la transicion de la ortografia llamada chilena o casera a la de la Real Academia Espanola en Chile a traves del estudio de la coleccion de folletos politicos que la Biblioteca del Congreso Nacional de Chile ha puesto a disposicion del publico en formato digital. El analisis de 35 folletos impresos entre 1880 y 1939 muestra una progresiva adopcion del modelo academico, el cual ya a partir de la decada de 1910 se muestra como ampliamente predominante. En consecuencia, se plantea la posibilidad de que el decreto de 1927 que establecio la adopcion de la ortografia academica no fuera mas que la reafirmacion oficial de una tendencia observable hacia ya casi dos decadas en el pais, al menos por lo que respecta al genero en estudio.