cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Human absorbable microRNA prediction based on an ensemble manifold ranking model

MicroRNAs, a class of short non-coding RNAs, are able to regulate more than half of human genes and affect many fundamental biological processes. It has been long considered synthesized endogenously until very recent discoveries showing that human can absorb exogenous microRNAs from dietary resources. This finding has raised a challenge scientific question: which exogenous microRNAs can be integrated into human circulation and possibly exert functions in human? Here we present a well-designed ensemble manifold ranking model for identifying human absorbable exogenous miRNAs from 14 common dietary species. Specifically, we have analyzed 4,910 dietary microRNAs with 1,120 features derived based on the microRNA sequence and structure. In total, 70 discriminative features were selected to characterize the circulating microRNAs in human and have been used to infer the possibility of a certain exogenous microRNA getting integrated into human circulation. Finally, 461 dietary microRNAs have been identified as transportable exogenous microRNAs. To assess the performance of our ensemble model, we have validated the top predictions through a milk-feeding study. In addition, 26 microRNAs from two virus species were predicted as transportable and have been validated in two external experiments. The results demonstrate the data-driven computational model is highly promising to study transportable microRNAs while bypassing the complex mechanistic details.
The Desirability of Politics

In 1940, with FDR at the height of his personal and political powers and campaigning for four more years as Commander in Chief, Edwin S. Corwin - perhaps concerned about an imperial presidency - asked: "Where does the Constitution lodge the power to determine the foreign relations of the United States[?]" As a matter of political practicality at the time, it would soon become obvious who was determining U.S. foreign relations. But the practicalities of American politics are subject to certain ebbs and flows, and so too is presidential political power to influence foreign affairs. At the same time, "law has relatively little to add in resolving most disputes over the content and conduct of United States foreign policy." Which makes it all the more important to have a clear answer to Corwin's constitutional question. So begins H. Jefferson Powell's The President's Authority over Foreign Affairs (Carolina Academic Press 2002). Powell assesses the words and deeds of an impressive gallery of leading authorities on the content and conduct of American foreign affairs - Washington, Hamilton, Adams, Marshall, Jay, Madison, Jefferson, as well as more recent practitioners and scholars - and concludes that under the Constitution: "the president determines, at least as an initial matter, what the foreign policy of the United States is to be." The balance of Powell's book is devoted to an interpretation of the Constitution that comports with that conclusion. What follows below is a short summary of Powell's views - drawn from his book and slightly revised for the Green Bag - on the consequences of his reading of history and the Constitution, and his taxonomy of the resulting foreign affairs powers of the president.
PInet 2013 - Political Informatics NSF Workshop Final Report

PInet, a National Science Foundation research collaborative network (RCN), sponsored a February 2013 Steering Committee workshop to advance a new field called political informatics or poliInformatics. PoliInformatics is the application of diverse methodological approaches to the study of politics and government. The workshop considered the potential of using digitized government information as research infrastructure. Specifically, the Steering Committee discussed how to make government data attractive to a variety of academic fields. In 2013-2014, PInet will sponsor a data challenge focused on government information created in response to the financial crisis. Governments had to respond rapidly to choices with significant consequences as existing political, societal and financial assumptions began to change. Starting with the 2008 Troubled Assets Relief Program or TARP, researchers are encouraged to link multiple legislative, executive or judicial government sources into a "big data" collection. In addition to considering the political and policy responses, PInet researchers will investigate the complexities of building machine-readable relationships between multiple government institutions. The Steering Committee will encourage conference submissions that reflect state-of-the art research using this data. Selected conference papers will be invited to the first NSF-funded PoliInformatics workshop in late 2014. The PInet data challenge will draw attention to new research data while providing insight to complex policy responses. (Interim Report March 2013. Final Report June 2013).
Dielectric function and plasmons in graphene: A self-consistent-field calculation within a Markovian master equation formalism

The challenge of understanding the optical response and plasmon behavior in nanostructured materials, such as graphene and its nanoribbons, lies in describing screening in the presence of several concurrent electron scattering mechanisms. In this paper, the authors present a technique for calculating the dielectric function of nanostructures with an arbitrary band dispersion and Bloch wave functions. To calculate the linear response of a dissipative electronic system to an external electromagnetic field, the authors derive a quantum master equation within a self-consistent-field approach and solve it along with full-wave electromagnetic equations. This technique accurately captures interband electron-hole pair generation, as well as both interband and intraband electron scattering with phonons and impurities. The technique is employed to calculate the dielectric function, complex conductivity, as well as plasmon dispersion and propagation length for supported graphene. Plasmon propagation lengths are comparable on polar and nonpolar substrates and are on the order of tens of nanometers, considerably shorter than previously reported. They improve with fewer impurities, at lower temperatures, and at higher carrier densities.
CARMIL2 is a Novel Molecular Connection between Vimentin and Actin Essential for Cell Migration and Invadopodia Formation

Cancer cell migration requires the regulation of actin networks at protrusions associated with invadopodia and other leading edges. Carcinomas become invasive after undergoing an epithelial-mesenchymal transition characterized by the appearance of vimentin filaments. While vimentin expression correlates with cell migration, the molecular connections between vimentin- and actin-based membrane protrusions are not understood. We report here that CARMIL2 (capping protein, Arp2/3, myosin-I linker 2) provides such a molecular link. CARMIL2 localizes to vimentin, regulates actin capping protein (CP), and binds to membranes. CARMIL2 is necessary for invadopodia formation, as well as cell polarity, lamellipodial assembly, membrane ruffling, macropinocytosis, and collective cell migration. Using point mutants and chimeras with defined biochemical and cellular properties, we discovered that localization to vimentin and CP binding are both essential for the function of CARMIL2 in cells. On the basis of these results, we propose a model in which dynamic vimentin filaments target CARMIL2 to critical membrane-associated locations, where CARMIL2 regulates CP, and thus actin assembly, to create cell protrusions.
Alcohol intoxication and withdrawal--IIIb. Studies in alcohol dependence: introduction to the papers on operant conditioning and alcohol intake.

All alcoholics drink excessive amounts of alcohol. Surely, those interested in the many aspects of alcoholism, regardless of viewpoint, would agree on this simple but general proposition. Researchers who wish to understand the conditions which lead to excessive alcohol intake are often interested in producing such intake in animals so that hypotheses of alcohol abuse can be evaluated with greater freedom than they can be in humans. Efforts taken over the last decade and a half have shown greater promise in producing excessive alcohol Intake in animals than did the early pioneering efforts. Until recently, for example, it was difficult to arrange conditions so that animals would voluntarily consume enough alcohol to produce intoxication as defined behaviorally or biochemically (e.g., Lester, 1966). It is now possible, however, to induce sustained intoxication in animals using a variety of techniques, and to examine analytically the conditions that induce the effects and the sequalae of this sustained intoxication, such as alcohol tolerance and dependence.
Training-less ontology-based text categorization

We present a new, ontology-based approach to the automatic text categorization. An important and novel aspect of this approach is that our categorization method does not require a training set, which is in contrast to the traditional statistical and probabilistic methods that require a set of preclassified documents in order to train the classifier. In our approach, the ontology, which holds the schema, including the domain entities organized into categories and interconnected by relationships, as well as instances and linkages among them, effectively becomes the classifier for the categories of the domain concepts. After a document is converted into a thematic graph of entities, the ontological classification of the entities in the graph is then analyzed in order to determine the overall categorization of the thematic graph, and as a result, of the document. In presented experiments, we used an RDF ontology constructed from the full English version of Wikipedia, a Web-based encyclopedia. The experiments, conducted on a collection of news articles, show that our training-less categorization method has achieved a satisfactory overall accuracy, in one experiment nearly identical to a selected traditional categorization method.
Quantification of velocity reduction after flow diverter placement in intracranial aneurysm: An ex vivo study with 3D printed replicas

Phase contrast MRI (pcMRI) was used to measure flow before and after placement of a flow diverter (n = 3). Decreases from 18% to 31% in flow velocity were seen in the inflow jet of the aneurysms. Flow patterns were also compared. It was observed that the gross aneurysmal flow patterns were maintained after flow diverter placement despite decreased fluid velocities. All measurements were carried out in 3D printed aneurysm replicas.
A Re-Formed Teachers' College: A College Curriculum Based on Functional Needs of Students

(1938). A Re-Formed Teachers' College: A College Curriculum Based on Functional Needs of Students. The Journal of Higher Education: Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 55-56.
On the measurement of residual stress in thin films

This work reports a comparative study on three curvature based techniques for stress measurement in thin films, including double crystal diffraction topography (DCDT), profilometry, and laser scanning technique (LST). These techniques measure different physical quantities. In the former case, the curvature of crystal lattice planes is assessed while in the latter two cases, the curvature of physical surface of a sample is measured. The current experiments use these three techniques to determine the quantities of interest for a variety of films deposited on Si (100) wafers. In general, profilometry and LST produce similar results on surface curvature. For specimens where the residual stresses produces large curvatures of both types (lattice curvature and surface /curvature), the results by DCDT and LST agree fairly well. When small to moderate curvatures are present, the two methods deviate to varying degrees on absolute curvatures. Nevertheless, DCDT and LST generally yield similar results on differential curvatures, i.e., the stress induced curvature differentials. When proper consideration is taken for the inherent limits of each technique, both DCDT and LST can be used as valid procedures for stress measurement in thin film-substrate systems.
Child health and pediatric education in Oklahoma.

The University of Oklahoma Medical Center has a comprehensive program of pediatric training, research and patient care. Establishment of the Oklahoma Health Center and its Children's Medical Center on the University campus will provide expanded opportunities for training and research in cooperation with other organizations concerned with child health and development.
Projections of impaired fecundity among women in the United States: 1995 to 2020

Objective To determine the number of women aged 15 to 44 years with impaired fecundity every 5 years from 1995 to 2020. Design Data are used from cycle IV of the National Survey of Family Growth conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics. Population projections prepared by the U.S. Census Bureau are used for the expected population base for 1995 to 2020. Prospective demographic projection analysis is used to estimate the number of women with impaired fecundity. Participants The National Survey of Family Growth interviewed 8,450 women aged 15 to 44 years as of March 15, 1988. Main Outcome Measure Number of women with impaired fecundity. Results The number of women with impaired fecundity may drop from 5.1 million in 1995 to 4.7 million in 2015 and then rise to 4.8 to 5.9 million in 2020. Conclusion The age structure of the population will cause the absolute number of women with impaired fecundity in the United States to increase slowly, if at all, over the next 25 years.
Wave Forecasting and Hindcasting

The purpose of this chapter is not that of providing instruction on how to make wave forecasts and/or hindcasts, but rather to illustrate the basic concepts and procedures which are employed by-specialists who regularly furnish forecasting services. The objective here is that of providing sufficient insight into the mechanics of wave forecasting and the underlying premises so that information contained in the forecast and/or hindcast can be used to maximum advantage.
Conclusion: Present and Future in Chilean Communications Studies

The central object of inquiry for an intellectual history is the set of ideas that were produced in a given period. Once we specify that ideas are produced, the inquiry must also be open to the ways in which the ideas are produced, by whom, and under what sort of conditions. People who produce ideas are intellectuals. Intellectuals, however, are not a predetermined or given social category. To understand fully the production of ideas, we must specify the social and cultural roles that intellectuals play, the kinds of relations they have with the most important social groups and the structures of political and economic power, and the circumstances which condition their options and choices with respect to their fields.
Wideband digital cancellation for full-duplex communications

In this paper, we consider the problem of canceling self-interference received by a wireless node from the transmitted signal from the same node. We consider separate antennas for transmission and reception. The self-interference signal is partly known to the node since the transmitted signal is known at the received antenna with the exception of the channel gain and multipath effect. We investigate the limitation of digital cancellation in solving the problem of self-interference cancellation and seek efficient algorithms that can be used in wideband and frequency selective channels as well as the narrowband and frequency flat channels. We show that limitations of analog to digital converters (ADC) such as the dynamic range and quantization resolution are the main obstacle in restricting the isolation levels of the self-interference signal that can be achieved by employing digital cancelation. We provide design guidelines and a specific digital cancelation system with an enhanced effective resolution and larger dynamic range by an intelligent feedback loop. We also address the problem of wideband digital cancellation by using the theory of sparse signal recovery.
Effects of Ozone Concentration and Bleaching Temperature on the Properties of Pulp Bleached with Ozone

The effects of ozone concentration, bleaching temperature and kinds of such carrier gases as oxygen and air on the properties of pulp bleached with ozone were studied to obtain the fundamental informations on the bleaching of kraft pulp with ozone gas. The results obtained are as follows : (1) The properties of bleached pulp were independent of ozone gas-concentrations (1 and 3 vol. % in oxygen gas), and kinds of carrier gases (oxygen and air), although they were affected by amounts of consumed ozone. (2) In the comparison of bleaching effects at 2 (±2) °C and 30 (±2) °C, the efficiency of ozone utilization, the ratio of increased brightness to consumed ozone by pulp, was improved by lowering temperature and the decrease in viscosity of bleached pulp was also somewhat prevented. (3) The effects described in (2) were presumably attributed to the prevention of self-decomposition of ozone, the retardation of the reaction of carbohydrates, e. g. cellulose, with ozone and the promotion of interaction between lignin and ozone.
A Pilot Trial of Two Dose Levels of Rabbit Antithymocyte Globulin, (rATG), Thymoglobulin, as Part of a Myeloablative-Conditioning for a HLA Identical Matched Related Donor Stem Cell Transplant (SCT) with Cyclosporine (CsA) as Graft Versus Host Disease (GvHD) Prophylaxis.

To determine the role of rATG to modify the development of acute GvHD we conducted a randomized, prospective, open-label, multi-center pilot study in patients with ALL or AML in first or second remission. CsA was the only agent used for GvHD prophylaxis. Patients (N=22) were randomized (1:1) to receive either 4.5 mg/kg or 8.5 mg/kg of ATG during the preparative regimen. The rATG infusions were completed on Day -1, within 18 hours prior to SCT on Day 0. The low (N=11) and high dose groups (N=11) were comparable for age, diagnosis and remission status. The mean age was 41.4 and 39.6 years in the low and high dose groups respectively. In both groups 6/11 patients had AML and 5/11 had ALL. All patients received a fully ablative preparative regimen from a HLA matched related donor. Results: Mean time to neutrophil engraftment was 6.5 and 7.3 days for the low and high dose arms, respectively. The incidence of Grade > II acute GvHD was 0/11 for the low dose arm and 3/11 for the high dose arm. Infections were seen in 9/11 patients in both groups. The cumulative number of hospitalization days was 30.4 and 47.6 days (p=n.s.) in the low and high dose groups respectively. The overall survival at 180 days was 63.6 % in the low dose group and 54.5 % in the high dose group (p=n.s.). The disease free survival (DFS) at day 180 was 54.5% in both groups. The treatment related mortality (TRM) was 18.2 % in the low dose and 45.5 % in the high dose (p=n.s.) The relapse rate was 18.2 % in the low dose group and 0% in the high dose group (p=n.s). Conclusion: This pilot study suggests that rATG may modify the development of serious acute GvHD in patients who received a fully ablative SCT. The low, combined, 3/22, incidence of acute GvHD (13.6%) in patients who received rATG(Thymoglobulin) and post transplant CsA suggests that this combination is an acceptable regiment for GvHD prophylaxis. The lower dose of rATG, 4.5 mg/kg, was as effective and was associated with a lower TRM as compared to the higher, 8.5mg/kg dose. The use of rATG administered during the preparative regimen was well tolerated and may provide an effective alternative to methotrexate when used as part of an ablative conditioning regimen in HLA identical related donor SCT.
Twenty years of Internet-based research at SCiP: A discussion of surviving concepts and new methodologies.

This discussion of the symposium 20 Years of Internet-Based Research at SCiP: Surviving Concepts, New Methodologies compares the issues faced by the pioneering Internet-based psychology researchers who presented at the first symposia on the topic, at the 1996 annual meeting of the Society for Computers in Psychology, to the issues facing researchers today. New methodologies unavailable in the early days of Web-based psychological research are discussed, with an emphasis on mobile computing with smartphones that is capitalizing on capabilities such as touch screens and gyro sensors. A persistent issue spanning the decades has been the challenge of conducting scientific research with consumer-grade electronics. In the 1996 symposia on Internet-based research, four advantages were identified: easy access to a geographically unlimited subject population, including subjects from very specific and previously inaccessible target populations; bringing the experiment to the subject; high statistical power through large sample size; and reduced cost. In retrospect, it appears that Internet-based research has largely lived up to this early promise—with the possible exception of sample size, since the public demand for controlled psychology experiments has not always been greater than the supply offered by researchers. There are many reasons for optimism about the future of Internet-based research. However, unless courses and textbooks on psychological research methods begin to give Web-based research the attention it deserves, the future of Internet-based psychological research will remain in doubt.
Beyond Pathways and Agency: Validating a Four-Factor Theory of Hope

ABSTRACTHope is eminent in the pursuit of progress; however, hope is a concept about which much is still to be understood. Ward and Wampler (2010) interviewed marriage and family therapists regarding their perspective of hope. From these interviews, Ward and Wampler developed a theory of hope. This article presents the results of two studies aimed to develop Ward's Hope Scale and to establish the psychometrics of the scale. Results provide information related to the reliability, validity, factor structure, and predictability of Ward's Hope Scale, and support Ward's Hope Scale as a more relationally focused alternative to the measurement of hope.
EU company law harmonization between convergence and varieties of capitalism

This chapter sketches the history of EU Company Law, from its beginnings in the 1960s until today. Throughout all periods, EU company law harmonization was largely a top-down, technocratic project that was considered imperative to realize the common market. In other words, it was promoted mainly by the European Commission and experts advising it without any particular business or investment interest group pushing for harmonization. Scholars are divided about the success of the project, with opinions ranging from it being a great success story to the claim that EU company law harmonization is largely trivial. This chapter suggests that that the development of EU company law can be understood as reflecting two distinct periods of convergence in corporate law, even if that convergence has often been limited to specific issues and sometimes remained restricted to the formal level. Company law harmonization efforts mirror prevailing fashions about what is considered good corporate law. Each of these periods is roughly linked to the success of a particular model of capitalism that seemed to be on the ascendancy at the respective time. This first period was characterized by a dominance of the German model, and a vision of corporate law that one could characterize as belonging to a “coordinated” variety of capitalism, when shareholder value maximization was not yet the prime directive of corporate law. The second period began in the late 1990s and partly coincides with the “convergence in corporate governance” debate. Harmonization efforts focused on enabling choice for shareholders based on transparency and information. This period was dominated by liberal capitalism oriented toward shareholders and increasingly the stock markets. Germany’s position as the model jurisdiction was increasingly taken over by the UK. EU Company law harmonization has always been in the balance between top-down proposals coming from the center and national resistance. In the early period, when company law harmonization was influenced mainly by Continental models, the UK stepped on the brakes after joining the EEC in 1973 whereas since the 2000s Germany and other Continental jurisdictions have been the main source of resistance. Because of Member State options and the ability to avoid company rules, convergence has remained formal and superficial, but not entirely irrelevant.
The Pelayo Family Plays Roulette

The Pelayo family has been studying roulette wheels and collecting data on tens of thousands of spins. Now the Pelayos have identified a wheel that they want to bet on, which has six numbers that have a 1/30 probability of winning instead of 1/37. They have staked EUR1,000 on this wheel. The question is: How much should they bet in order to have the most capital after 200 rounds? Log utility is used to compare alternatives and find an optimal bet. Excerpt UVA-QA-0850 Rev. Nov. 28, 2016 The Pelayo Family Plays Roulette “Table 17 has the roulette wheel we'll play. Maybe it's bent!” Gonzalo Garcia-Pelayo, the patriarch of the Pelayo family, announced. The Pelayo clan, marking tens of thousands of spin numbers for six hours a night over the course of two weeks, had identified this table at the Casino Gran Madrid (Figure1) as their best opportunity. It appeared that table 17 had six favorable numbers. “Three numbers on each side have a probability of 1/30,” Ivan, one of Gonzalo's sons, said. “Let's play with EUR1,000 for 200 rounds and put equal amounts of money on those six numbers when we play.” Ivan was excited to get started. “Well, we want to avoid the risk of losing the entire EUR1,000 and to have as much as possible at the end of the 200 rounds,” Gonzalo responded. “I calculated that if we bet EUR1 on each of the six favored slots, we get an expected payout gain of EUR0.20 for each EUR1 bet. That's not bad for a few seconds of play. The work will be to decide how much to bet on a round. Based on the minimum bet, we have to stop if our stake gets below EUR6.” . . .
Effects of short storage on consumer acceptability and volatile compound profile of roasted peanuts

Abstract The main objective of this study was to determine the effects of 8-week storage on the consumer acceptability and volatile compound profile of roasted peanuts. Normal-oleic Georgia 06G kernels (06G), high-oleic Georgia 13M (13M), georgia runner (mixed) in-shell (InR) & kernels (R), and virginia (mixed) in-shell (InVA) & kernels (VA) were roasted to medium doneness and stored at 21 °C for consumer and chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC–MS) tests conducted at week 0, 4 and 8. GC–MS results showed that 06G was the most oxidized samples followed by InVA after 8 weeks. Only InVA exhibited a decrease in consumer likings during storage. At week 8 InR was significantly (p ≤ 0.05) preferred over InVA. When compared high-oleic 13M to normal-oleic 06G, 13M had significantly (p ≤ 0.05) higher consumer likings than 06G at all three time points with a better ability to retain pyrazines and resist to lipid oxidation.
Conventional and accelerated-solvent extractions of green tea (camellia sinensis) for metabolomics-based chemometrics

Metabolomics has emerged as an important analytical technique for multiple applications. The value of information obtained from metabolomics analysis depends on the degree to which the entire metabolome is present and the reliability of sample treatment to ensure reproducibility across the study. The purpose of this study was to compare methods of preparing complex botanical extract samples prior to metabolomics profiling. Two extraction methodologies, accelerated solvent extraction and a conventional solvent maceration, were compared using commercial green tea [Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze (Theaceae)] products as a test case. The accelerated solvent protocol was first evaluated to ascertain critical factors influencing extraction using a D-optimal experimental design study. The accelerated solvent and conventional extraction methods yielded similar metabolite profiles for the green tea samples studied. The accelerated solvent extraction yielded higher total amounts of extracted catechins, was more reproducible, and required less active bench time to prepare the samples. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of accelerated solvent as an efficient methodology for metabolomics studies.
Measuring the Impact of Urban Street Trees on Air Quality and Respiratory Illness.

New streams of data enable us to associate physical objects with rich multi-dimensional data on the urban environment. This study presents how open data integration can contribute to deeper insights into urban ecology. We analyze street trees in New York City (NYC) with cross-domain data integration methods by combining crowd-sourced tree census data - which includes geolocation, species, size, and condition of each street tree - with pollen activity and allergen severity, neighborhood demographics, and spatial-temporal data on tree condition from NYC 311 complaints. We further integrate historical data on neighborhood asthma hospitalization rates by Zip Code and in-situ air quality monitoring data (PM 2.5) to investigate how street trees impact local air quality and the prevalence of respiratory illnesses. The results indicate although the number of trees contributes to better air quality, species with severe allergens may increase local asthma hospitalization rates in vulnerable populations.
Behind the Seams: Sequence + Infrastructure

Behind the Seams: Sequence + Infrastructure depicts a study sketch inspired by the plan of Carlo Scarpa's Brion Cemetery. The article was manifested through the cutting, folding and sewing of a pie...
The Fish Egg's Zona Pellucida

All fish eggs are surrounded by an envelope, called the zona pellucida (ZP), that plays various roles during oogenesis, egg deposition, fertilization, and embryogenesis. The fish egg ZP consists of only a few proteins that are homologs of mammalian ZP proteins ZP1, ZP3, and ZP4. Unlike the situation in mammals, in fishes there are often multiple copies of ZP genes, perhaps a consequence of ancient polyploidization, gene amplification, and mutation. Like mammalian ZP proteins, fish egg ZP1-like proteins exhibit conserved organization with distinct domains and motifs, but unlike mammalian ZP1 and ZP4 have a glutamine (Q)- and/or proline (P)-rich stretch as an N-terminal extension. Such extensions may play a role in assembly of ZP fibrils and/or account for certain properties of the fish egg ZP, such as elasticity. Recent proposals suggest that fish egg ZP proteins can adopt amyloid-like structures, serve as antifreeze proteins in Antarctic icefishes, and protect eggs subjected to desiccating conditions in small shallow pools. In this chapter, these and other aspects of fish egg ZP proteins are presented.
Transforming Growth Factor-Beta in Prostate Cancer

TGF-βs are 25 kDa dimeric proteins that function through autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine mechanisms to regulate a diverse array of cellular and physiological processes in numerous tissues. Deregulation of TGF-β signaling is involved in the pathophysiology of prostate cancer. Central to normal prostate epithelial and stromal cell growth control mechanisms, TGF-β functions as a tumor suppressor and an important regulator of androgenic responses. Particularly striking, androgen withdrawal activates multiple components of the TGF-β signaling pathway in the normal prostate, which then partake in the ensuing apoptotic cell death response. Multiple discreet alterations in TGF-β signaling responses occur during the process of carcinogenesis and tumor progression, which contribute to the development of both metastatic disease and ultimately to castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Despite its seemingly straightforward role as a tumor suppressor in the normal prostate, there is accumulating evidence supporting that the function of TGF-β “switches” to a tumor promoter during carcinogenesis/tumor progression. This represents what has now been coined the “TGF-β paradox,” the molecular and physiological basis for which remains incompletely defined. The TGF-β paradox also imposes inevitable complexities in therapeutic strategies involving TGF-β. However, recent advances provide significant promise for TGF-β as a prognostic marker and therapeutic target of prostate cancer (PCa).
Grain boundary sliding during superplastic stretching of AA7475 cylindrical cups

Topographic and microstructural examinations were performed at the deformed surface and also in the bulk superplastically stretched 7475 aluminum alloy cups. Sliding of grain groups at shear surfaces spaced at approximately four grain diameters was observed at strain level, e=0.6. The spacing between shear surfaces of such a cooperative grain boundary sliding (CGBS) decreases when the strain increases; it is approximately three grain diameters at e=0.85. The pattern of the CGBS surfaces is consistent with that predicted using slip line field theory. Long range correlated migration of sliding grain boundaries, the formation of dispersoid free zones and fibres have also been observed. These processes can be rationalized in terms of CGBS.
Finanzanalysesysteme auf elektronischen Märkten

Elektronische Markte eignen sich in besonderer Weise fur den Handel von Leistungen, die durch Ubertragung von Daten erbracht werden konnen. Bei diesen Leistungen konnen alle Marktphasen — einschlieslich Lieferung und Bezahlung — uber das interaktive elektronische Medium, auf dem der elektronische Markt realisiert ist, abgewickelt werden.1 Bislang steht dabei der Austausch von Informationen im Vordergrund kommerzieller Aktivitaten.2 Elektronische Markte sind aber in gleicher Weise auch fur die Bereitstellung von Anwendungssystemen — insbesondere auch von Finanzanalysesystemen — geeignet.
The Art of Being Present: Educating for Aesthetic Encounters:

At a time when persons are described as " resources , " and education becomes increasingly specialized , the kinds of changes called for in education bypass much which is essential to an understanding of alternative modes of structunng reality. Integral to this understanding is the education of feeling , perception, and imagination. This paper argues for increased attention to informed awareness of the arts in education , and to the importance of an active engagement with the arts in developing cntical as well as creative thinking. This is a moment in our history when persons are described as "resources," when changes in education are being called for in the name of economic productivity and national defense. The values of process and choicemaking are being repressed or set aside. Human energies are to be channelled and controlled in the "national interest"; no longer is there talk of what is not yet, of imagined possibility. Along with this comes a sense of petrifaction. Publics are asked to accommodate to an objectified "reality," marked off and demarcated in cost-benefit terms. It is reified, "given"; we are all being required to sublimate our private visions and confine ourselves to what Wallace Stevens called "the plain sense of things. (1964b, p. 502) Those of us who are concerned for teaching rather than training, for persons in their pluralities rather than potential "job-holders and consumers," (Arendt, 1958) need to think again about what it signifies to pay heed to centers of human consciousness thrusting variously into a common world. We need to think about the creation of situations in which preferences are released, uncertainties confronted, desires given voice. Feeling and perceiving and imagining must, at least on occasion, be given play. Perhaps most important of all: students must be brought to understand the importance of perspective, of vantage point, when it comes to interpreting their lived worlds. The idea of interpretation seems to me to be crucial, that and the realization that "reality"- if it means anything - means interpreted experience. One way to move people from bland accommodations to what is offered as authoritative description, the description, is to acquaint them with the notions of multiplicity and incompleteness. There are, after all, alternative modes of structuring reality; there are, as some have pointed out, "multiple realities." (Schutz, 1967, pp. 207-259) Moreover, since everyone is located in space
Erythroblastosis fetalis produced by Kell immunization: dental findings.

Erythroblastosis fetalis is a severe hemolytic disease in the newborn that originates in utero because of a maternal-fetal blood incompatibility. An unusual case of erythroblastosis fetalis caused by an irregular antibody of the Kell blood group is presented. The dental findings are compared to those found with Rh(D ) incompatibility.
Impact of Asynchronous Learning Networks in Large Lecture Classes

The evolution of the computer-assisted personalized approach (CAPA) system and its use in large lecture classes is described. Increased individual student contact in these large classes of over 400 students has been established by implementing an asynchronous learning network (ALN). The two systems complement each other and provide the means to monitor and promote individual student performance at any time during the semester. During one semester poorly performing students were individually contacted by personalized e-mail to inform them of their standing and to encourage better performance. Results of this combined technological approach are presented.
Which New Yorkers vote with their wallets? The impact of teacher quality data on household sorting, and residential and school demographics

Abstract This paper examines the relationship between the February 2012 New York City teacher quality data release, the racial and ethnic composition of elementary and middle public schools and their neighborhoods, and housing prices. A unique dataset that links teacher quality to school characteristics, housing prices and characteristics, and Census data is used to estimate a difference-in-difference model to estimate the impact of the teacher quality release on housing prices. These results are then used to estimate the impact of the data release on residential and school demographics. The results in this study provide the first evidence of the effects of teacher quality measures on the housing market in New York City and the demographic shifts in residential and school mobility patterns as a result. The data suggests that the housing market responds significantly to the new information that was provided by the release of the teacher quality information, even when taking into consideration the school grades and other variables that may influence teacher quality measures. The magnitude of how much housing prices increase is greatly impacted by certain neighborhood demographics and the results show that Hispanic neighborhoods with a high proportion of free and reduced price lunch students are among the neighborhoods that had the highest increase in housing prices due to the teacher quality release. Not only that, but the areas that had the highest increase in housing prices due to the teacher quality release have experienced increases in the proportion of white students and the neighborhoods are becoming more racially diverse.
Ureteroureteral anastomosis for endometriosis involving the ureter: Case series and literature review:

Introduction:The purpose of this study was to review operative management of endometriosis involving the ureter.Materials and methods:Retrospective case series of three patients undergoing resection of ureteral endometriosis with ureteroureterostomy for endometriosis involving the ureter by minimally invasive gynecologic surgeons between 2007 and 2018 at a large academic medical center in the Northeastern United States. A literature review was conducted to find cases with a similar approach.Results:Three cases of ureteral endometriosis surgically managed at our institution with ureteroureteral anastomosis were identified. Ureteral endometriosis was identified preoperatively by hydroureteronephrosis on imaging. Intrinsic ureteral endometriosis was confirmed by pathology in two cases; extrinsic endometriosis was grossly visualized in one case. Operative times ranged from 300 to 387 min. Estimated blood loss ranged from 150 to 250 mL. There were no intraoperative complications. A total of 151 cases with a si...
Conflict of Laws

The problem of conflict of laws centers on the making of judicial decision in those cases wherein two or more legal frameworks are juxtaposed as competitors for dominant authorial legal reference. The situation is viewed as a relationship between incompatible systems. Structurally, the unit of opposition may be compared with an “indeterminate situation,” in Dewey’s sense; it presents all the characteristics of paradox. The issues of paradox in resolving problems by means of the method of practical logic, or semiotics in Peirce’s sense, will be discussed more fully below.
CHELYABINSK: THE EVOLUTION OF DISASTER

The study, based on local sources, conference participation, and field observations, reconstructs an account of the environmental impacts of the former Soviet Union's first plutonium producing plant, known as the Mayak production association and located near Chelyabinsk. Among the impacts described are the radioactive pollution of the waters of the Techa River and of a number of reservoirs impounded along its course, the infamous “Kyshtym disaster” caused by the explosion of an underground waste storage container in 1957, and recent aeolean transport of radioactive particulates from dried lake bottom deposits during drought years.
Cultural Literacy in Asian Indian American Students

The cultivation of ‘cultural literacy’ in students from multicultural backgrounds may occur outside schooling practices in the US due to curricular framing and a lack of interest in integrating cultural education at schools. ‘Cultural literacy’ warrants student participation and requires a conducive learning environment where multiethnic students can seek inspiration through exploration. The San Antonio Writing Project organizes literacy project called the Kahani Project, and it fosters creativeness and facilitates authentic expression of cultural funds of knowledge of Indian American students. Performing arts including dance and music engage Indian students and enable them to learn about their culture, heritage, and religion. The Kahani Project is culturally contextualized writing activity, where Asian Indian American students write about their generational practices that may not addressed in schools in the US. This qualitative study explores two narratives written for the Kahani Project. The study utilized Leiblich et al., holistic content analysis to arrive at themes, categories, and meta categories. The findings revealed Indian students’ willingness to preserve their culture through writing about Indian dance and music. The second inference of this study was that Indian students’ heritage is neglected and excluded in US curriculum.
Perioperative management of endoscopic transsphenoidal pituitary surgery

The contemporary embrace of endoscopic technology in the approach to the anterior skull base has altered the perioperative landscape for patients requiring pituitary surgery. Utility of a multi-disciplinary unit in management decisions facilitates the delivery of optimal care. Evolution of technology and surgical expertise in pituitary surgery mandates ongoing review of all components of the care central to these patients. The many areas of potential variability in the pre, intra and post-operative timeline of pituitary surgery are readily identifiable. Core undertakings and contemporary controversies in the peri-operative management of patients undergoing endoscopic transsphenoidal pituitary surgery are assessed against the available literature with a view to providing guidance for the best evidence-based practice.
Outcomes in, and characteristics of, patients who undergo intrauterine insemination immediately after failed oocyte retrieval.

Objective To describe the patient and cycle characteristics of women who undergo intrauterine insemination (IUI) immediately after an unsuccessful oocyte retrieval. Design Retrospective case series. Setting University-affiliated center. Patients Women who underwent an oocyte retrieval procedure in which no oocytes were retrieved followed by an IUI on the same morning. Interventions None. Main Outcome Measures Live birth rate, subsequent live birth rate. Results From 2011 to 2019, 63 cycles in 57 patients were identified. The mean (SD) age was 39.6 (4.6) years, and diminished ovarian reserve (94.7%) was the most common diagnosis. The median (IQR) number of previous IVF cycles in this cohort was 3 (1-7), with 56.1% having had at least one previous canceled IVF cycle. The majority of patients had undergone either controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) (64.9%) or modified natural cycles (21.1%). The mean (SD) number of follicles >14 mm at the time of trigger was 1.9 (1.4), with 38.9% of patients manifesting a drop in their estradiol levels after the trigger. One pregnancy resulting in a live birth was identified (1.8%). For patients who underwent subsequent IVF cycles, 60.7% had at least one subsequent cancelled cycle. Three patients went on to achieve a live birth using autologous oocytes (6.5%). Conclusions Same-day IUI for patients who have no oocytes retrieved is associated with a <2% chance of achieving a live birth. Of patients who attempt subsequent IVF cycles, nearly two thirds will go on to have at least one subsequent cancelled cycle. In this poor-prognosis cohort, fewer than 10% will ultimately achieve a live birth by the use of autologous oocytes.
Leadership for socially-just supervision in K-12 schools in the context of the United States

This article addresses educational supervision as a platform for promoting the principles and foundations of social justice in K-12 schools in the United States. Fraser’s components of recognition,...