cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The reduced responsiveness of cultured bovine parathyroid cells to extracellular Ca2+ is associated with marked reduction in the expression of extracellular Ca(2+)-sensing receptor messenger ribonucleic acid and protein

PTH secretion from dispersed bovine parathyroid cells maintained in culture becomes progressively less responsive to changes in the extracellular Ca2+ concentration (Ca2+o) over several days. We have now investigated whether this change in secretory control is associated with alterations in the expression of the Ca2+o-sensing receptor (BoPCaR) recently cloned from bovine parathyroid, which plays a central role in Ca2+o-regulated PTH secretion. BoPCaR messenger RNA levels dropped rapidly in cultured bovine parathyroid cells, as assessed by Northern analysis, decreasing by 78% within 18 h and remaining low for at least 4 days. The level of receptor protein decreased to a comparable extent (approximately 72-82%) after 3-4 days in culture, as determined by immunocytochemistry with specific antibodies directed at the extracellular domain of the receptor. The half-time for the reduction in receptor protein (approximately 2 days) was considerably longer, however, than that for BoPCaR messenger RNA, but was comparable to that for the loss of sensitivity of PTH secretion to Ca2+o. Indeed, there was a close linear correlation between maximal suppressibility of PTH secretion and the intensity of staining for the receptor protein (r = 0.88; P = 0.004). We conclude that alterations in the expression of BoPCaR could explain much of the reduced responsiveness of cultured bovine parathyroid cells to Ca2+o.
In Support of Sibling Inclusion: A Literature Review

The responses of siblings to a childhood mental illness have been conceptualized in different ways. When siblings have not been ignored, they have been viewed most frequently as an influence upon the illness or as subject to the same dynamics that were believed to have caused the mental illness. As conceptualizations of the causes of mental illness have changed, the literature on siblings has changed to focus on the impact of the illness on the sibling. How siblings and sibling relationships are conceptualized has important implications for clinical research and practice. More research is needed to understand the sibling experience in childhood mental illness. Clinicians can do more for the family if all of the family dynamics and responses to the illness are explored.
Localization and polar distribution of several G-protein subunits along nephron segments.

Localization and polar distribution of several G-protein subunits along nephron segments. Guanine nucleotide binding proteins (G-proteins) are heterotrimeric proteins involved in signal transduction in epithelia. In addition to possessing a polarized epithelium the nephron is composed of well defined segments, each with distinct receptors, transporters and other functions. Since different G-proteins interact with different receptors, a differential distribution of the various G-protein subunits would be expected. To investigate this possibility, polyclonal antipeptide antibodies to several G-protein subunits were used to examine the distribution of these proteins in nephron segments and their localization to apical or basal membrane domains. Immunoblotting of cortical membrane vesicles demonstrated the presence of G-proteins in both the brush border and basolateral membrane. Staining with G α common and G αs antibodies demonstrated more of these G-protein subunits in the brush border than basolateral membrane G-protein β subunits were also present in greater quantity in brush border membranes Immuno-cytochemical analysis demonstrated good antigenic preservation and basically confirmed the results of immunoblotting of renal cortex G-proteins were also found to be differentially distributed in the medulla, the amounts increasing with proximity to inner medulla. Only G αs and G β subunits were demonstrated in glomeruli, but all subunits examined were detected in brush borders of proximal and apical membrane of distal tubules in cortex. In outer medulla G αs was detected in both basolateral and brush borders of some tubules and only brush borders of others, G αi2 and G β were found in brush border and G αi3 was not detected in this area. Basolateral membranes of inner medulla contained G αs , G αi3 , and G β subunits; G αi3 was also present in apical membranes in some tubules. G αi2 was detected only in apical membranes in this region. We conclude that G-proteins are differentially distributed in nephron segments. Investigation of regional tubular function may disclose a role for the G-proteins we have localized.
The Effect of Yakima River Spring Chinook Salmon Sire Life History Type on Emergence Timing and Size of Progeny

Abstract Two sets of half-sib families of Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha were generated by crossing four full-size anadromous males and four early-maturing males with each of two full-size anadromous females (eight males × two females) obtained from the Cle Elum Supplementation Research Facility on the Yakima River. Emergence timing differed by up to 5 weeks between families, with a highly significant difference between females. Within females there was no significant effect of male life history type on either median emergence timing or fry size; however, there was a suggestion of a relationship between individual sire and progeny emergence timing. There were significant differences in fry weight at emergence between the two females, but sire did not influence fry weight at emergence within females. This study demonstrates that ecologically significant differences in emergence timing may be generated solely through genetic and maternal affects, as all parents were spawned on the same day and all ...
Classifying Melanocytic Tumors Based on DNA Copy Number Changes

Melanoma and benign melanocytic nevi can overlap significantly in their histopathological presentation and misdiagnoses are common. To determine whether genetic criteria can be of diagnostic help we determined DNA copy number changes in 186 melanocytic tumors (132 melanomas and 54 benign nevi) using comparative genomic hybridization. We found highly significant differences between melanomas and nevi. Whereas 127 (96.2%) of the melanomas had some form of chromosomal aberration, only 7 (13.0%) of the benign nevi cases had aberrations. All seven cases with aberrations were Spitz nevi, in six of which the aberration was an isolated gain involving the entire short arm of chromosome 11. This aberration was not observed in any of the 132 melanomas. We also analyzed the 132 melanomas for genetic differences depending on anatomical site, Clark's histogenetic type, and sun-exposure pattern. We show that melanomas on acral sites have significantly more aberrations involving chromosomes 5p, 11q, 12q, and 15, as well as focused gene amplifications. Melanomas classified as lentigo maligna melanomas or as occurring on severely sun-damaged skin showed markedly more frequent losses of chromosomes 17p and 13q. This study shows a pattern of chromosomal aberration in melanoma that is distinct from melanocytic nevi and should be further evaluated as a diagnostic test for melanocytic lesions that are now ambiguous. In addition, we show marked differences in the genetic make-up of melanomas that depend on anatomical location and sun-exposure pattern indicating that potential therapeutic targets might vary among melanoma types.
Advice for Chairs of Academic Departments of Psychiatry: The “Ten Commandments”

Received June 27, 2005; revised January 4, 2006; accepted January 5, 2006. Dr. Winstead is affiliated with the Department of Psychiatry and Neurology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Lousiana. Address correspondence to Dr. Winstead, 1440 Canal Street, 10th Floor, Room 1000 (TB/48), New Orleans, LA 70112; winstead@tulane.edu (E-mail). Copyright 2006 Academic Psychiatry. The American Association of Chairs of Departments of Psychiatry (AACDP) includes all chairs of departments of psychiatry in U.S. and Canadian medical schools. One of the four major missions of this group is “strengthening its membership by enhancing the skills and effectiveness of its leaders.” As such, the group provides an orientation once a year to new, acting, or interim chairs, arranges a senior mentor for those new chairs who request one, and provides the novice chair with a Tool Kit for New Chairs, edited by Stuart Munro, M.D., and published by the AACDP in 2004 (1). Attendees at the orientation session are informed of the various leadership conferences available through the American Association of Medical Colleges, the Harvard School of Public Health, and others. In addition, they are made aware of pertinent reference materials (2–6) that they might find useful in their everyday activities. For the past several years, Stuart Munro, several other chairs, and I have chaired the orientation session for new chairs. In addition to various other presentations that are held within the allotted time, I have presented the group with what I call the “Ten Commandments for the Successful Chair,” although I always facetiously mention that they are not carved in stone. I will list each of these and comment briefly upon them.
Chordin is a modifier of tbx1 for the craniofacial malformations of 22q11 deletion syndrome phenotypes in mouse.

Point mutations in TBX1 can recapitulate many of the structural defects of 22q11 deletion syndromes (22q11DS), usually associated with a chromosomal deletion at 22q1.2. 22q11DS often includes specific cardiac and pharyngeal organ anomalies, but the presence of characteristic craniofacial defects is highly variable. Even among family members with a single TBX1 point mutation but no cytological deletion, cleft palate and low-set ears may or may not be present. In theory, such differences could depend on an unidentified, second-site lesion that modifies the craniofacial consequences of TBX1 deficiency. We present evidence for such a locus in a mouse model. Null mutations of chordin have been reported to cause severe defects recapitulating 22q11DS, which we show are highly dependent on genetic background. In an inbred strain in which chordin−/− is fully penetrant, we found a closely linked, strong modifier—a mutation in a Tbx1 intron causing severe splicing defects. Without it, lack of chordin results in a low penetrance of mandibular hypoplasia but no cardiac or thoracic organ malformations. This hypomorphic Tbx1 allele per se results in defects resembling 22q11DS but with a low penetrance of hallmark craniofacial malformations, unless chordin is mutant. Thus, chordin is a modifier for the craniofacial anomalies of Tbx1 mutations, demonstrating the existence of a second-site modifier for a specific subset of the phenotypes associated with 22q11DS.
International evidence on equity prices, interest rates and money

Abstract In this article, I estimate the dynamic response of output and asset prices — bond yields and real equity price indices — to money supply shocks in eight industrialized economies over the post-war period. To identify money supply shocks, I assume only that such shocks are neutral in the long-run. The reliability of this identification procedure is examined in light of the recent critique by Faust and Leeper. The findings indicate that a real liquidity effect exists in both bond and stock markets, for most of the countries in the sample, although there is substantial variation in the magnitudes of the effects across countries. The response of real equity prices to money supply innovations has not been well-documented in the literature, and has typically been ignored in the debate over the monetary transmission mechanism. The importance of these findings lies in suggesting ways to improve our understanding of the monetary transmission mechanism and the role of asset markets.
Cerumen composition by flash pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.

Objective: To assess the chemical composition of cerumen by flash pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Study Design: Collected earwax specimens were fractionated into residue and supernatant by means of deoxycholate. This natural bile acid produces significantly better disintegration of earwax in vitro than do presently available ceruminolytic preparations, and also has demonstrated excellent clinical results in vivo to date. Patients: The sample for analysis was obtained from a patient with clinical earwax impaction. Results: The supernatant is composed of simple aromatic hydrocarbons, C5-C17 straight-chain hydrocarbons, a complex mixture of compounds tentatively identified as diterpenoids, and steroids, in particular cholesterol. The residue, on the other hand, produced simple aromatic compounds (including benzenes, phenols, and benzonitriles), C5-C25 straight-chain hydrocarbons, greater relative quantities of nitrogen compounds and phenol, and lesser importance of the (tentatively identified) diterpenoids. Conclusions: Through the use of the detergent deoxycholate, squalene and a tentatively identified diterpenoid were revealed to be present in a free, unbound state, whereas some steroids and hydrocarbons appeared to be bound to a macromolecular structure by nitrogen linkages or other bonds. Additionally, this study reintroduces detergents as a viable method of earwax removal, specifically the bile acids.
Capacitance–voltage measurements on ultrathin gate dielectrics

Abstract Characterization of the capacitance–voltage characteristics of ultrathin gate dielectrics is discussed. Focus is given to the limitations of two-element models in extracting gate capacitance from measurements of complex impedance. Of particular interest for discussion is the apparent frequency dispersion and bias dependence of accumulation capacitance. Comparison is made to a three-element model that takes into account both gate dielectric conductance and substrate resistance, but requires a measurement of complex impedance at multiple frequencies. The electrical properties of a specific alternative gate dielectric structure, namely a 10 nm Y2O3 film on silicon, are analyzed within the context of the three models.
Rapid Prototyping of Automotive HMI Systems Utilizing Vector CANape and Mathworks Simulink

Automotive electronics systems are continuously becoming more complicated with an ever increasing list of features. As the level of content increases, so does the interaction between the systems. This additional complexity can translate into a more confusing HMI experience for the driver if it is not designed carefully. This is especially true for features that interact across multiple systems, where each must seamlessly integrate. It becomes clear that a method to rapidly prototype such HMI systems is desirable to enable testing of HMI concepts as early in the design process as possible. This paper will describe one such method that we have successfully utilized incorporating the use of Vector CANape software to quickly create prototype HMI experiences that integrates Mathworks Simulink feature code, touchscreen interaction, user inputs and the vehicle CAN network to simulate an in vehicle HMI experience.
Working the Pony: The Drinking Practices of Latina Bar Workers

We present a model of the drinking practices of Latina immigrants who work in bars or cantinas and are compensated for drinking 8 oz beer or ponies with customers, hence working the pony. A total of 358 women recruited from 61 randomly selected cantinas were interviewed as part of a community study conducted in a metropolitan area in the U.S. Southwest. Participants reported drinking an average of 21 beers on nights they worked for ponies. Multiple regression results indicate that drinking practices are related to sociodemographic, work history, drug use, and sexual risk characteristics. The drinking of cantineras is more than 4 times higher than the heavy episodic drinking of high risk Latino male drinkers and young male restaurant workers. The findings suggest that they may be at risk of multiple health problems and could benefit from alcohol risk-reduction interventions.
Relationships among conflict management styles, levels of conflict, and reactions to work

Abstract Relationships among (a) conflict management styles, (b) levels of conflict, (c) two general reactions to work, and (d) four types of individual outcomes experienced by employees in the United States were assessed in two studies. In Study 1, subordinates using a high-obliging style with supervisors experienced more intrapersonal conflict, supervisors using a high-integrating style with subordinates reported more intrapersonal and intragroup conflict, and low-dominating supervisors reported significantly greater intragroup conflict. In Study 2, high-integrating subordinates experienced less intrapersonal, intragroup, and intergroup conflict than low-integrating subordinates did. The results of analyses also indicated that there was a strong relationship between integrating and all six organizational outcomes. Lower job satisfaction and fewer interpersonal rewards were associated with a high-dominating style. Both integrating and compromising were positively related to interpersonal outcomes, and do...
T1 Radiculopathy: Electrodiagnostic Evaluation

Electromyography (EMG) studies are useful in the anatomical localization of nerve injuries and, in most cases, isolating lesions to a single nerve root level. Their utility is important in identifying specific nerve-root-level injuries where surgical or interventional procedures may be warranted. In this case report, an individual presented with right upper extremity radicular symptoms consistent with a clinical diagnosis of cervical radiculopathy. EMG studies revealed that the lesion could be more specifically isolated to the T1 nerve root and, furthermore, provided evidence that the abductor pollicis brevis receives predominantly T1 innervation.
Reaction of the protease inhibitor p-nitrophenyl-p'-guanidinobenzoate with Sindbis virus.

Abstract The reaction of [14C]carboxyl-labeled p-nitrophenyl p′-guanidinobenzoate (NPGB) with Sindbis virus has been examined in order to determine how this site-specific protease inhibitor destroys viral infectivity. All structural components of the virus were labeled by the inhibitor, and the lipid fraction retained most of the bound radioactivity. Isolated viral RNA was labeled by NPGB and treated RNA was unable to serve as a mRNA in cell-free protein synthesis. The results confirm our hypothesis (Bracha et al., Virology 77, 45–55, 1977) that NPGB inactivates enveloped virus by its ability to penetrate the lipid bilayer and bind to the RNA genome.
CARDIAC RETRANSPLANTATION: HOW FAR HAVE WE COME?

Redo heart transplantation (rHT) poses an ethical issue given the scarcity of donors. We sought to investigate long-term outcomes by era performed at a busy US center that has performed greater than 2000 heart transplants (HT). 1378 HT & 95 rHT pts were identified(1987-2012) & stratified by era (1
A Note on Weinstein's Variational Method

Weinstein's modification of the Ritz principle is used to derive (1) a lower bound for the $n$-th energy-level of a quantum mechanical system if a lower bound for the $(n+1)\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{s}\mathrm{t}$ level is known; and (2) an upper bound for the $n$-th level if an upper bound for the $(n\ensuremath{-}1)\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{s}\mathrm{t}$ level is known.
Media and civic socialization of youth

Research on the development of citizenship has been reinvigorated by considering adolescents as participants actively engaged in, and interacting with, family, peers, teachers, and the media. This contrasts with earlier top-down transmission models that saw adolescents as passive recipients of information from parents and teachers. Active citizenship is now seen as a largely indirect result of contextualized knowledge and cognitive skills learned from news media use, interpersonal communication, and active participation in school and community volunteer activities. The processes of active citizenship learning are an important part of the moral development of adolescents and young adults.
Impact of Pulse Parameters on Current Distribution in High Aspect Ratio Vias and Through-Holes

A quasi one-dimensional current-distribution model is used to explore the impact of pulse-reverse plating parameters on throwing power when depositing copper into high-aspect-ratio through-holes or vias. The optimum waveform depends on a number of parameters, including bath composition, fluid flow, time-average plating rate, and via or through-hole dimensions. Understanding whether spatial variations in plating rate are caused primarily by electrical potential variations or by concentration variations is crucial to the design of a waveform. Pulse-reverse plating frequently provides greater improvements in throwing power than on-off pulse plating. Furthermore, employment of a pulse-reverse waveform can reduce the sensitivity of the throwing power to diffusion-layer thickness, a practically useful result when it is difficult to transfer a fluid-mixing method from the laboratory to manufacturing.
Effect of Prestress on the Mechanical Performance of Composites

AbstractBodies are prestressed with the intention to enhance the load-carrying capacity of the body. The primary objective of this study is to understand the effect of prestressing the constituents in composite bodies on the overall mechanical performance of the composites. This paper considers composites having linearized viscoelastic constituents that can exhibit fluidlike and solidlike behavior. It also examines the effect of stress relaxation in a component of the prestressed composite on the overall load-carrying capacity of the composite. The properties of the composite, whether a brittle inclusion embedded in ductile matrix or a ductile inclusion in brittle matrix, are greatly influenced by the ratio of the induced prestress with respect to the external load and thereby influence the load-carrying capacity of the composite.
HEMATOLYMPHOID MALIGNANCIES DIAGNOSED AT THE TIME OF RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY

ABSTRACTPurpose: The clinical impact of hematolymphoid malignancies discovered during radical prostatectomy has not been previously defined to our knowledge.Materials and Methods: From October 1988 to September 1995, 1,092 patients underwent radical retropubic prostatectomy.Results: Of 1,092 radical prostatectomy specimens, 13 (1.2%) were found to have hematologic malignancies involving the prostate and/or lymph nodes sampled during concomitant pelvic lymph node dissection. The malignancies detected included Hodgkin's disease (3) and hairy cell leukemia (1), which required further therapy. However, 9 of the 13 patients (62%) demonstrated either chronic lymphocytic leukemia (3) or low grade, small lymphocytic lymphoma (6), which requires symptomatic treatment only. The transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsies revealed suspicious lymphocytic infiltrate in addition to prostatic adenocarcinoma in 2 of the 13 patients (15%).Conclusions: The majority of hematologic malignancies discovered at radical pros...
Model-based predictive control studies for a continuous pulp digester

As various industries continue to develop complex, fundamental process models, there exists a need to systematically incorporate these complex models into the controller design. Three model predictive controllers (MPG), each incorporating internal models with varying degrees of complexity, are applied to a nonlinear, fundamental, continuous pulp digester "plant." The first two controllers utilize linear models, one obtained through subspace identification and the other obtained from the linearization of the fundamental model. The third model predictive controller uses the complex, nonlinear digester model with extended linearization to update the controller model for future predictions and control computations. The two MPC controllers based on the fundamental model, both linear and nonlinear, had better closed-loop performance than the controller utilizing the subspace identified model. The closed-loop performance of the linear and nonlinear MPC controllers (based on the fundamental model) were indistinguishable for stochastic disturbance rejection.
The Effects of Infant Day Care on Psychological Development.

A longitudinal investigation was designed to assess the psychological effects of an experimentally conducted day care program on children aged 3.5 to 29 months. The subjects were Chinese and Caucasian children from working- and middle-class families who were cared for at a special group care center five days a week; the major control group consisted of children reared totally at home and matched with the experimental children in terms of ethnicity, social class, and sex. Data gathered during the last two assessments, at age 20 and 29 months, revealed little difference between the day care and home control children with respect to cognitive functioning, language, attachment, separation protest, and play tempo; the only simple effect of rearing involved behavior with unfamiliar peers. There was a provocative interaction among ethnicity, social class, and rearing: among working-class Chinese children, the day care experience facilitated cognitive development and reduced apprehension in unfamiliar situations;...
Multichannel analysis of surface waves

The frequency-dependent properties of Rayleigh-type surface waves can be utilized for imaging and characterizing the shallow subsurface. Most surface-wave analysis relies on the accurate calculation of phase velocities for the horizontally traveling fundamental-mode Rayleigh wave acquired by stepping out a pair of receivers at intervals based on calculated ground roll wavelengths. Interference by coherent source-generated noise inhibits the reliability of shear-wave velocities determined through inversion of the whole wave field. Among these nonplanar, nonfundamental-mode Rayleigh waves (noise) are body waves, scattered and nonsource-generated surface waves, and higher-mode surface waves. The degree to which each of these types of noise contaminates the dispersion curve and, ultimately, the inverted shear-wave velocity profile is dependent on frequency as well as distance from the source. Multichannel recording permits effective identification and isolation of noise according to distinctive traceto-trace coherency in arrival time and amplitude. An added advantage is the speed and redundancy of the measurement process. Decomposition of a multichannel record into a time variable-frequency format, similar to an uncorrelated Vibroseis record, permits analysis and display of each frequency component in a unique and continuous format. Coherent noise contamination can then be examined and its effects appraised in both frequency and offset space. Separation of frequency components permits real-time maximization of the S/N ratio during acquisition and subsequent processing steps. Linear separation of each ground roll frequency component allows calculation of phase velocities by simply measuring the linear slope of each frequency component. Breaks in coherent surface-wave arrivals, observable on the decomposed record, can be compensated for during acquisition and processing. Multichannel recording permits single-measurement surveying of a broad depth range, high levels of redundancy with a single field configuration, and the ability to adjust the offset, effectively reducing random or nonlinear noise introduced during recording. A multichannel shot gather decomposed into a sweptfrequency record allows the fast generation of an accurate dispersion curve. The accuracy of dispersion curves determined using this method is proven through field comparisons of the inverted shear-wave velocity (vs) profile with a downholevs profile.
Synthesis and evaluation of a series of benzothiophene acrylonitrile analogs as anticancer agents

A new library of small molecules with structural features resembling combretastatin analogs was synthesized and evaluated for anticancer activity against a panel of 60 human cancer cell lines. Three novel acrylonitrile analogs (5, 6 and 13) caused a significant reduction in cell growth in almost all the cell lines examined, with GI50 values generally in the range 10-100 nM. Based on the structural characteristics of similar drugs, we hypothesized that the cytotoxic activity was likely due to interaction with tubulin. Furthermore, these compounds appeared to overcome cell-associated P-glycoprotein (P-gp)-mediated resistance, since they were equipotent in inhibiting OVCAR8 and NCI/ADR-Res cell growth. Given that antitubulin drugs are among the most effective agents for the treatment of advanced prostate cancer we sought to validate the results from the 60 cell panel by studying the representative analog 6 utilizing prostate cancer cell lines, as well as exploring the molecular mechanism of the cytotoxic action of this analog.
EFFECT OF TESTOSTERONE PROPIONATE ON HYPOPHYSIS OF THE NORMAL YOUNG ADULT MALE RAT

THERE is evidence in the literature that the changes in the testes of the normal rat following injections of androgens differ at high and low dosage levels. Moore and Price (I) found that high daily dosages of testosterone propionate (I mg.) were less injurious to the testes than lower dosages. The work of Korenchevsky and Hall (2), Selye and Friedman (3), Rubinstein and Kurland (4) and others also indicates that higher doses of the hormone are less deleterious. It has been suggested that the changes are due to modified hypophyseal output of gonadotropic hormone. There is, however, no agreement as to the cause of the less injurious effects at higher dosage levels. Some efforts have been made to examine the effect of androgens on the anterior pituitary. This was done in order to determine whether or not morphological changes in that gland might explain the above mentioned findings. Wolfe and Hamilton (5).
Analyte kinetics in a nanocluster-based chemiresistor: A case study

a b s t r a c t Nanoparticulate metal–insulator–metal ensemble chemiresistors in which the Au nanoclusters are functionalized with mercaptohexanoic acid are investigated as sensors of amines, and especially of triethylamine to which they are found to be extraordinarily sensitive with a minimum detectable level of less than 500 ppt. The dependences of the response on dose, time, and temperature are studied in detail. Modeling indicates that the entire data set is well explained by the interaction of partitioning and diffusion processes, both of which are temperature dependent. Published by Elsevier B.V.
Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing

1. Ali Mencin, MD 1. Children’s Hospital at Montefiore, Bronx, NY The Clinician and the Microbiology Lab . Gill VJ, Fedorko DP, Witebsky FG. In: Mandell GL, Bennett JE, Dolin RD, eds. Principles and Practice of Infectious Disease. 5th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Churchill Livingstone;2000:184– 221 Conventional and Genetic Laboratory Tests Used to Guide Antimicrobial Therapy . Cockerill FR. Mayo Clin Proc.1998;L73 :1007– 1021[OpenUrl][1] Use of Bacteriology, Mycology, and Parasitology Laboratories . Kaplan SL, Mason EO. In: Feigin RD, Cherry JD, eds. Textbook of Pediatric Infectious Diseases. 4th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: WB Saunders Co;1998:2866– 2873 Principles of Laboratory Diagnosis of Infectious Disease . Ryan KJ, Ray CG. In: Ryan KJ, ed. Sherris Medical Microbiology. 3rd Ed. Norwalk, Conn: Appleton and Lange;1994:221– 250 Antimicrobial Drugs: Resistance. In: Levinson WE, Jawetz E, eds. Medical Microbiology & Immunology. 3rd ed. Norwalk, Conn: Appleton and Lange;1994:54– 59 Topical Antibiotic Agents . Kaye ET. Infect Dis Clin North Am.2000;14 :321– 339[OpenUrl][2][CrossRef][3][PubMed][4][Web of Science][5] The increasing prevalence of organisms resistant to antibiotics has made susceptibility testing a crucial aspect of the treatment of serious bacterial illness. Resistant strains of streptococci, enterococci, and other organisms are on the rise. Although the development of newer antibiotics has strengthened the armamentarium against resistant bacteria, the effectiveness of antibiotic treatment still relies heavily on understanding the susceptibility of the offending organism. With a better understanding of the indications, methods, and limitations of susceptibility testing, clinicians can tailor antibiotic regimens that effectively treat and minimize the emergence of resistant microorganisms. The era of universal antibiotic sensitivity has long past. Common organisms … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DMayo%2BClin%2BProc.%26rft.volume%253DL73%26rft.spage%253D1007%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DInfectious%2Bdisease%2Bclinics%2Bof%2BNorth%2BAmerica%26rft.stitle%253DInfect%2BDis%2BClin%2BNorth%2BAm%26rft.aulast%253DKaye%26rft.auinit1%253DE.%2BT.%26rft.volume%253D14%26rft.issue%253D2%26rft.spage%253D321%26rft.epage%253D339%26rft.atitle%253DTopical%2Bantibacterial%2Bagents.%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1016%252FS0891-5520%252805%252970250-6%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F10829258%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [3]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1016/S0891-5520(05)70250-6&link_type=DOI [4]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10829258&link_type=MED&atom=%2Fpedsinreview%2F25%2F3%2F110.atom [5]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=000087196900005&link_type=ISI
Comparative Study of a New Fluorometric Assay Mestranol Ether in Tablets with GLC and Colorimetric Assays

Mestranol (17 α -ethinylestradiol-3-methyl ether) has been found to react with methanol-sulfuric acid mixture of a critical composition to give a stable fluorophor of high intensity. This fluorescence permits the analysis of mestranol in the submicrogram range. The use of varying proportions of methanol and sulfuric acid enables the analyst to measure the fluorescence at several different wavelengths. The analyst can choose the reagent which gives him the selectivity necessary for his analytical problems. Colorimetric, GLC, and TLC methods for the determination of mestranol are also discussed and compared with the fluorometric method. The described method is satisfactory for both control and stability measurements of mestranol.
A validity study of the posture and fine motor assessment of infants.

This study investigated the concurrent and construct validity of the Posture and Fine Motor Assessment of Infants (PFMAI) (Case-Smith, 1991). The subjects were 90 infants, 65 of whom were healthy and full-term and 25 of whom were premature and had medical risk factors. Concurrent validity was investigated through administration of the Peabody Developmental Motor Scales (Folio & Fewell, 1983) and the PFMAI (n = 25). Strong positive correlations resulted between the Peabody Gross Motor scale and PFMAI Posture scale and between the Peabody Fine Motor scale and PFMAI Fine Motor scale. Concurrent validity was also measured through correlation scores on the Bayley Scales of Infant Development (Bayley, 1969) with scores on the PFMAI. The correlations between the Bayley Motor scale and the PFMAI Posture scale and between the Bayley Mental scale and the PFMAI Fine Motor scale were high. Construct validity was estimated through an evaluation of how accurately the PFMAI discriminated between the premature subjects and the full-term subjects. A discriminant analysis indicated that the PFMAI accurately classified 78% of the subjects as being either premature or full-term (i.e., 80% of the full-term subjects and 72% of the premature subjects). When the premature subjects were categorized as low-risk or high-risk according to their medical histories, the PFMAI accurately classified 66.7% of the total subject population as full-term, low-risk premature, or high-risk premature. These results indicate that the PFMAI has the adequate reliability and validity necessary for use as a clinical and a research instrument.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Tissue-Specific Proportions of Phylloquinone to Menaquinone-4 Concentrations Differ in Response to Dietary Phylloquinone Manipulation in Lean Male Zucker Rats

Phylloquinone (PK) and menaquinone (MK) are naturally-occurring forms of vitamin K (VK).There is selective tissue distribution and conversion of dietary PK to MK4, providing indirect evidence of un...
Corn Cob Residue Carbon and Nutrient Dynamics during Decomposition

The cob fraction of corn (L.) residue has characteristics that reduce concerns associated with residue removal making it a potential biofuel feedstock. The contribution the cob makes to soil C and nutrient dynamics is unknown. A litterbag study was conducted in no-tillage plots under irrigated and rainfed conditions in eastern Nebraska. Litterbags containing cobs were placed in corn rows on the soil surface or vertically in the 0- to 10-cm soil depth following grain harvest and collected after 63, 122, 183, 246, 304, and 370 d. Samples were analyzed for dry matter, C, N, P, K, S, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn. Dry matter loss was greater for buried (59% loss rainfed site vs. 64% irrigated site) than surface cobs (49% loss rainfed site vs. 42% irrigated site). Cob N, P, S, content did not change over the duration of the study and these nutrients would play a limited role in nutrition for the subsequent crop. Cob K content declined exponentially over the study suggesting that cob K would be available to the subsequent crop. Cob Ca, Mg, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu content increased during the study representing immobilization. With the exception of K, nutrients contained in the cob are immobilized the year following harvest and play a minor role in mineral nutrition of the subsequent crop. As cellulosic conversion technology becomes available cobs represent a feedstock that can be harvested with minor effect on crop nutrient availability.
Opto-Acoustic Spectroscopy

Opto-acoustic spectroscopy refers to the measurement of optical absorption by a sample using acoustic methods to detect the degree to which the sample has been heated by the absorbed radiation. This technique has numerous applications, including monitoring trace contaminants in the atmosphere. It is especially useful in situations requiring the quantitation of weak absorption spectra or circumstances where a large dynamic range is required. This paper summarizes the results of recent experiments in which acoustic resonance has been used to enhance signal levels and improve detectivity. Scaling laws are given which allow the dynamic range and detectivity of this technique to be determined. Consideration is given to the use of both coherent and incoherent light sources, and comparisons are made to conven-tional techniques such as absorption spectroscopy. Finally, the application of optoacoustic spectroscopy to the measurement of collision-broadened absorption lineshapes is discussed.
Using the Game of Mastermind to Teach, Practice, and Discuss Scientific Reasoning Skills

the experiment), and uses this information to design the next experiment. Because winning depends on reducing the 6 4 =1,296 possible solutions to one in the fewest possible experiments, sound logical reasoning and good experimental design are essential. The game therefore provides a simple, practical framework for the discussion and practice of important scientific skills. It’s also fun to play. In this report, we will describe opportunities for lessons and discussions concerning scientific reasoning that often occur during gameplay. We will also present ideas for adapting the game as a classroom or lab exercise.
Proteomic Characteristics of ex vivo-Enriched Adult Human Bone Marrow Mononuclear Cells in Continuous Perfusion Cultures

A major challenge in developing cell therapies is reliable characterization of the cell product at the molecular level. Fresh autologous and passaged human bone marrow enriched for stem and mesenchymal stromal stem cells have been used to regenerate bone. We report the proteome of an innovative autologous human bone marrow-derived mixed cell product (BMMCP), cultured ex vivo for 12 days, in automated continuous media perfusion system to avoid passaging, and discuss reproducibility of protein composition. Each BMMCP is compared to its originating human adult bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMNC). With the use of 2-D LC-MS/MS approach, 638 (BMMNC) and 867 (BMMCP) distinct proteins were identified including cell adhesion molecules, extracellular matrix and growth factors. Overlap of protein identifications revealed that 67% of the BMMNC proteome was retained in the BMMCP, and protein expression of selected cell lineages was enhanced. Isotope-coded affinity tags (ICAT) and MS/MS were used to identify and quantify relative changes in the proteome of BMMNC and their related BMMCP, obtained from 3 separate donors. In 3 separate ICAT experiments, 57% of proteome identified was shared between donors. Measurable and definable proteomic characterization of BMMCP will facilitate their use in clinical trials and provide insight into cell functionality needed to support multiple therapeutic indications.
Nops: a conservative parallel simulation engine for TeD

The paper describes Nops, a conservatively synchronized process oriented parallel simulation system. Nops is designed to support the programming model of the Telecommunications Description Language (TeD), with special emphasis on scaling up to very large network models. We chronicle the decisions beyond Nops' design, describe that design, assess its raw performance relative to CSIM, Maisie, and GTW, and study its ability to scale to large models.
Asymptotic buffer overflow probabilities in multiclass multiplexers: an optimal control approach

We consider a multiclass multiplexer with support for multiple service classes and dedicated buffers for each service class. Under specific scheduling policies for sharing bandwidth among these classes, we seek the asymptotic (as the buffer size goes to infinity) tail of the buffer overflow probability for each dedicated buffer. We assume dependent arrival and service processes as is usually the case in models of bursty traffic. In the standard large deviations methodology, we provide a lower and a matching (up to first degree in the exponent) upper bound on the buffer overflow probabilities. We introduce a novel optimal control approach to address these problems. In particular, we relate the lower bound derivation to a deterministic optimal control problem, which we explicitly solve. Optimal state trajectories of the control problem correspond to typical congestion scenarios. We explicitly and in detail characterize the most likely modes of overflow. We specialize our results to the generalized processor sharing policy (GPS) and the generalized longest queue first policy (GLQF). The performance of strict priority policies is obtained as a corollary. We compare the GPS and GLQF policies and conclude that GLQF achieves smaller overflow probabilities than GPS for all arrival and service processes for which our analysis holds. Our results have important implications for traffic management of high-speed networks and can be used as a basis for an admission control mechanism which guarantees a different loss probability for each class.
Promises or Policies? An Experimental Analysis of International Agreements and Audience Reactions

A key assumption of audience costs theories of crisis bargaining and international cooperation is that audience members have strong preferences for consistency between their leader's commitments and actual policy choices. However, audiences also have strong preferences over the policy choices themselves, regardless of their consistency with past commitments. I conducted a randomized survey experiment to evaluate the magnitude of consistency and policy effects in the context of international agreements over trade policy. Respondents with expressed policy preferences, whether supporting or opposing free trade, have muted reactions to learning that their leader has broken an agreement. Only respondents with no opinion on trade policy are affected by learning that their leader's policy is inconsistent with prior commitments. This suggests that constituents' underlying preferences limit the degree to which audience costs influence policymakers' calculations.
Cognitive and neuropsychological outcomes: More than IQ scores

Improved survival in preterm infants has broadened interest in cognitive and neuropsychological outcomes. The incidence of major disabilities (moderate/severe mental retardation, neurosensory disorders, epilepsy, cerebral palsy) has remained consistent, but high prevalence/low severity dysfunctions (learning disabilities, ADHD, borderline mental retardation, specific neuropsychological deficits, behavioral disorders) have increased. The follow-up literature contains methodologic problems that make generalizations regarding outcome difficult, and these are discussed. Although mean IQs of former VLBW infants generally are in the low average range and are 3-9 points below normal birth weight peers, these scores mask subtle deficits in: visual-motor and visual-perceptual abilities, complex language functions, academics (reading, mathematics, spelling and writing), and attentional skills. There is an increased incidence of non-verbal learning disabilities, need for special educational assistance, and behavioral disorders in children born prematurely. Males have more problems, and there is a trend for worsening outcome over time, due to emergence of more subtle deficits in response to increased performance demands. In addition to IQ and achievement testing in follow-up, there should be evaluation of executive functions and attention, language, sensorimotor functions, visuospatial processes, memory and learning, and behavioral adjustment.
DIFFUSION, ENTRAINMENT AND FRICTIONAL DRAG ASSOCIATED WITH NON-SATURATED, BUOYANT AIR PARCELS RISING THROUGH A TURBULENT AIR MASS

Abstract The entrainment equations of Houghton and Cramer have been extended to include the effects of diffusion of heat and momentum and the frictional pressure drag. The equations developed from these considerations show that certain combinations of parcel size, temperature difference, vertical velocity, and turbulence permit buoyant air parcels to pass from the bottom to the top of the turbulent ground layer. Other combinations lead to rapid dissipation of the parcel's temperature difference and velocity. The equations have been checked against three sets of observations within unstable, dry air masses. Observed properties of buoyant parcels existing in super-adiabatic atmospheres agree, within observational error, with combinations leading to extended survival of air bubbles as predicted by the equations. One set of data leads to the approximation of the value of the coefficient of pressure drag, 0.1, associated with an air parcel moving through the air.