cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Solution of Reduced Resistive Magnetohydrodynamics using Implicit Adaptive Mesh Refinement

Computational study of the macroscopic stability of plasmas is a challenging multi-scale problem. Implicit time integration can be used to relieve stability constraints due to fast Alfven waves, and adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) can be used to resolve highly localized solution features. The strong nonlinearities and numerical stiffness of magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) models present further challenges that must be solved to make implicit AMR practical. We present initial results on the application of implicit AMR to a reduced resistive MHD model.
Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator shocks due to tachycardia with more atrial depolarizations than ventricular depolarizations with a far-field ventricular morphology shift: What is the mechanism?

Inappropriate and appropriate implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) shocks are common. The mechanism can often be elucidated from close interpretation of the device intracardiac electrograms (EGMs). We describe a case where close examination of the EGMs suggests the correct diagnosis, which was confirmed with an electrophysiology (EP) study. Key Teaching Points • Close assessment of the implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) intracardiac electrograms can reveal the arrhythmia diagnosis. • Supraventricular tachycardia should be considered in the differential diagnosis of an episode classified by the device as ventricular tachycardia, resulting in an ICD shock, even in the presence of a far-field morphology shift. • The differential diagnosis of a 2:1 atrioventricular (AV) tachycardia includes atrial tachycardia, AV node reentrant tachycardia, and junctional tachycardia.
Differential Astrometry of Subarcsecond Scale Binaries at the Palomar Testbed Interferometer

We have used the Palomar Testbed Interferometer to perform very high precision differential astrometry on the 025 separation binary star HD 171779. In 70 minutes of observation, we achieve a measurement uncertainty of ≈9 μas in one axis, consistent with theoretical expectations. Night-to-night repeatability over four nights is at the level of 16 μas. This method of very narrow angle astrometry may be extremely useful for searching for planets with masses as small as 0.5MJ around a previously neglected class of stars—so-called speckle binaries. It will also provide measurements of stellar parameters such as masses and distances, useful for constraining stellar models at the 10-3 level.
Challenging infrastructural orthodoxies: Political and economic geographies of a Himalayan road

Abstract National and international development narratives frame Nepal’s Karnali region as synonymous with remoteness and food insecurity. These narratives often position food insecurity as a direct outcome of geographical remoteness associated with the lack of motorable road. Road building is thus presented as the solution to food insecurity. I challenge this orthodox narrative using the concept of “infrastructural orthodoxies”. Drawing on interdisciplinary literature on infrastructures and critical human geography scholarship on vulnerability, I argue that rather than resolving food insecurity, road increases vulnerability. This occurs in at least two ways: 1) through the proletarianization of wage workers and petty contractors in the road building market, and 2) through increasing dependence on cash and distant markets for the production and reproduction of local social lives. However, I neither suggest road building as inherently negative nor limit my discussion to the normative evaluation of the success or failure of road. Instead, I ask: what is it that these road projects are actually doing? This question helps turn our attention to the multivalent effects of road and illustrate why the orthodoxy is problematic. I thus present two unintended effects of road that exceed and are obscured by the orthodoxy: 1) road as key sites of electoral politics, and 2) road as vectors of new economic and labor geographies in the Himalayan borderlands. This paper contributes to the knowledge on the relationship between road and food (in)security, and to the interdisciplinary literature that view infrastructures as contingent and always in the process of becoming.
Non-septic Revision Total Elbow Arthroplasty

This chapter covers the spectrum of currently performed aseptic revision techniques. We have limited the coverage to that of functional revision procedures. Hence nonreplacement and nonfunctional salvage procedures, such as resection and fusion, are not considered. The emphasis is on the indications for and execution of the several revision strategies available with documented outcomes. With time the predominant mode of failure has changed based on the design features of the primary device and the overall improved longevity of the current designs. The relentless trend is that of increasing technical difficulty required to address the greater magnitude of osseous deficiency. We review the techniques and considerations when recementing without osseous augmentation. Also discussed are the techniques used to remove a fractured well-fixed stem. The topic of bone struts, essential in many circumstances, is considered in detail. Finally the evolving use of allograft prosthetic composites is reviewed in detail. The indications for and technical considerations for three distinct APC reconstructions are presented and illustrated with clinical examples. The evolution of the APC concept is embedded in the review, thus providing the most current information on this subject.
Racial disparities in sleep-related cardiac function in young, healthy adults: implications for cardiovascular-related health

Study objectives Considerable evidence shows that individuals from marginalized racial/ethnic groups in the United States experience greater rates of sleep disturbance and cardiovascular complications. Because sleep is a modifiable factor that is critically involved in cardiovascular health, improved understanding of the association between sleep and cardiovascular health during early adulthood can prevent cardiovascular disparities. This study examined racial/ethnic differences in cardiovascular function during sleep using heart rate and heart-rate-variability analyses. Methods Participants in this laboratory-based sleep study included healthy, "good sleepers" who were in early adulthood and resided in the United States at the time of participation (14 non-Hispanic Black [NHB; age = 30.9 (6.6), 57% female], 12 Asian [Asian, age = 26.0 (5.2), 42% female], and 24 non-Hispanic white [NHW; age = 24.6 (5.8), 79% female]). Results After adjusting for demographic factors and an apnea-hypopnea index, we found significantly higher heart rate within NREM Stage 2 (N2) (b = -22.6, p = .04) and REM sleep (b = -25.8, p =.048) and lower heart rate variability during N2 sleep (b = -22.6, p = .04) among NHB individuals compared with NHW individuals. Furthermore, NHB and Asian participants demonstrated significantly lower percent of time in slow wave sleep (SWS) compared with NHW participants (NHB: b = -22.6, p =.04; Asian: b = -22.6, p = .04). Individuals' percent of time in SWS significantly mediated differences in heart rate during N2 (indirect = 0.94, 95% CI [0.03, 2.68]) and REM sleep (indirect = 1.02, 95% CI [0.04, 3.04]). Conclusions Our results showed disparities in sleep-related cardiovascular function in early adulthood that are mediated by SWS. These data suggest targeting sleep health in early adulthood might help reduce cardiovascular disease burden on individuals from marginalized groups.
Familial Adenomatous Polyposis-associated Traditional Serrated Adenoma of the Small Intestine: A Clinicopathologic and Molecular Analysis.

Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is an inherited cancer predisposition syndrome associated with numerous gastrointestinal tract adenomatous polyps, as well as gastric fundic gland polyps and pyloric gland adenomas in the upper gastrointestinal tract. While colonic FAP-associated traditional serrated adenomas (TSAs) have been reported in a few studies, small bowel FAP-associated adenomas with TSA morphology have not been characterized. This study describes the clinicopathologic and molecular findings of this type of adenoma in the small bowel of patients with FAP. We reviewed small bowel adenomas in 45 consecutive FAP patients to identify adenomas with zones showing slit-like serrations, cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm, ectopic crypt formation, and vesicular nuclei. Sporadic small bowel adenomas from 51 consecutive patients were also reviewed for adenomas with the same features. Of the 177 polyps from 45 FAP patients and 60 polyps from 51 nonsyndromic patients, 18 TSAs from 9 FAP patients (20%) and 10 TSAs from the sporadic group (19.6%) were identified. FAP patients presented at a younger age than nonsyndromic patients (median: 43 vs. 66; P=0.0048). FAP-associated TSAs were asymptomatic and smaller than sporadic TSAs (median size: 0.6 vs. 2.5 cm; P=0.00006). Immunostaining for β-catenin and testing for BRAF and KRAS mutations were performed in a subset of the cohort. Nuclear β-catenin was seen in 1 FAP-associated TSA and 3 nonsyndromic TSAs. All TSAs (FAP-associated and nonsyndromic) showed wild-type BRAF, while KRAS mutations were identified only in the nonsyndromic setting. In summary, small bowel FAP-associated and sporadic TSAs share a similar morphology, and the BRAF-serrated pathway does not contribute to their pathogenesis.
TVRecap: A Dataset for Generating Stories with Character Descriptions.

We introduce TVRecap, a story generation dataset that requires generating detailed TV show episode recaps from a brief summary and a set of documents describing the characters involved. Unlike other story generation datasets, TVRecap contains stories that are authored by professional screenwriters and that feature complex interactions among multiple characters. Generating stories in TVRecap requires drawing relevant information from the lengthy provided documents about characters based on the brief summary. In addition, by swapping the input and output, TVRecap can serve as a challenging testbed for abstractive summarization. We create TVRecap from fan-contributed websites, which allows us to collect 26k episode recaps with 1868.7 tokens on average. Empirically, we take a hierarchical story generation approach and find that the neural model that uses oracle content selectors for character descriptions demonstrates the best performance on automatic metrics, showing the potential of our dataset to inspire future research on story generation with constraints. Qualitative analysis shows that the best-performing model sometimes generates content that is unfaithful to the short summaries, suggesting promising directions for future work.
A New CCD Parallel Processing Architecture

Charge-coupled signal processing devices are attractive for applications in such systems as communication, radar and sonar because of the ability of a single rather simple device to perform the equivalent of a large number of arithmetic operations per second. For example, a 32-point transversal filter(1) operating at 20 MHz is performing 1.2 x 109 operations per second which is the equivalent of a fair size digital processor. However, conventional CCDs have not gained wide spread acceptance in commercial or military systems because of the lack of availibility of CCDs with sufficient cost, power, weight and throughput advantages over competing digital techniques to make them attractive for integration into otherwise digital hardware.
Delone Sets and Material Science: a Program

These notes are proposing a program liable to provide physicists working in material science, especially metallic liquids and glasses, the mathematical tools they need to build an atomic scale theory of Continuous Mechanics including plasticity, fluidity and, hopefully, fractures. Using the long list of datas and numerical simulations accumulated during the last forty years, physicists have identified a new class of degrees of freedom, besides the elastic ones, which will be called anankeons here [7]. They are dominant in the liquid phase and they explain the properties related to plastic deformations of the solid phase. It is advocated that Delone sets provide a natural frame within which such a theory can be expressed. The use of Voronoi tiling and its dual construction, called the Delaunay triangulation, gives a discretization of the data. The concept of Pachner move or Delaunay flips permits to describe very precisely what the anankeons are. A partition of the configuration space into contiguity domains leads to a graph on which a Markov process can be built to describe the anakeon dynamics. At last, a speculative Section is giving an attempt to describe the Continuous Mechanics of a condensed material in terms of a Noncommutative Geometry of the configuration space.
The Stratification of Ideological Sophistication in the General Public

This paper extends Delli Carpini and Keeter's stratified democracy theory (1996) from the realm of political knowledge to ideological sophistication, in an attempt to answer the question, "Why do some people develop sophisticated systems of political opinions, while others do not?" After Converse's seminal findings of a mass-elite divide in levels of sophistication (1964), the literature specifically related to ideology along a presence-absence continuum largely devolved into methodological debates, leaving the question largely unanswered. Using National Election Study data, I propose a solution to those debates through improved measures of ideological consistency and stability. A path analysis that incorporated structural equation modeling (SEM) techniques suggests support for the treatment of ideological sophistication as a stratified resource, and suggests that sex, race, ethnicity, social capital, frequency of political discussions, level of political knowledge, and especially interest in politics and education are important determinants of ideological sophistication.
Economic evaluation of nutrition policy

Abstract The good news from prevention research is that it appears possible to dramatically improve health in the US by changing identified risk factors. The goal of this paper is to discuss how to evaluate the economic consequences of improvements in nutrition- and exercise-related health. Cost-benefit analysis and the related tools of cost-effectiveness analysis and cost-utility analysis are proposed as preferred methods. The decision rule is simply if the sum of the potential gains to all those affected by a policy intervention exceed the sum of costs, there is a potential gain in societal welfare. By this standard, preventive interventions can be worthwhile even when they do not reduce lifetime medical expenditures or increase lifetime earnings, that is, even when the intervention is not a `free lunch.' The distinction between the internal costs for an individual patient versus the external costs an individual's illness imposes on others is an important conceptual issue. Practical issues include determining whether a poor health habit causes the costs and other results being attributed to it, and the completeness of the analysis. In principle, the analysis should examine all of the effects and resource costs of the intervention, including changes in morbidity, mortality, the quality of life, allocations of patient time and caregiving by others, as well as traditional health sector costs and changes in productivity. Improvements in nutrition- and exercise-related health may also have important implications for public sector finances of programs, including Medicare and Social Security.
Two Applications of the ASP-Prolog System: Decomposable Programs and Multi-context Systems

This paper presents two applications of the ASP-Prolog system, one of the earliest modular logic programming frameworks for integrating ASP and traditional Prolog/CLP reasoning. Both applications represent significant challenges to existing ASP technologies and share some common traitsmostly related to the inadequacy of the ground-and-solve approach. The first application stems from several practical experiences in using state-of-the-art Answer Set Programming (ASP) solvers to tackle combinatorial problems in different domains (e.g., bioinformatics, distributed constraint problem solving). A recurrent issue is the presence of computationally tractable subproblems that turn out to be challenging, or even practically infeasible, for current ASP technologies. The second application of ASP-Prolog is its use to compute the equilibrium semantics of Multi-Context Systems (MCS).
Invisible women: forced sterilization, reproductive rights, and structural inequalities in Peru of Fujimori and Toledo

O artigo analisa os discursos a respeito da esterilizacao e reproducao de lideres politicos e religiosos catolicos, de meios de comunicacao nacionais e internacionais e de individuos conservadores e "progressistas", em dois cenarios politicos diferentes: o governo de Fujimori e o atual regime democratico de Toledo. Os dados advem de fontes diferentes, tais como documentos oficiais, relatorios de instituicoes locais e internacionais de direitos humanos, e dos meios de comunicacao de massa norte americanos e do Peru. O objetivo final e o desafio residem na desconstrucao do conceito de direitos reprodutivos no contexto da violencia, da pobreza, de violacoes dos direitos humanos e das desigualdades economicas, politicas, de genero e etnicas no Peru.
The Influence of Corticotrophin and Adrenal Steroids on the Course of Ulcerative Colitis: A Comparison with the Presteroid Era

Summary The course of 238 patients with moderate to severe ulcerative colitis treated with corticotrophin or adrenal steroids, or both, during 1952 to 1958, is analyzed and compared with the course of 245 patients treated during the presteroid era. The total number of serious complications has been reduced. The reduction in the number of perforations, pericolic abscesses, perirectal infections, arthritic complications, and cases of pyoderma gangrenosum and pneumonia can be correlated with hormonal therapy. An increase in the number of cases of toxic dilation, osteoporosis, thrombophlebitis, nephrolithiasis, psychic complications, and massive upper gastrointestinal bleeding can also be correlated with the use of these agents. The evidence that ACTH and adrenal steroids have influenced the proportion of patients requiring definitive surgery for ulcerative colitis during the period of follow up is inconclusive. The indications for surgical intervention have been altered in the steroid era so that many more .eleotivc or relatively elective procedures and less emergency operations are performed. Coincidentally more extensive colonic surgery is done as a primary procedure. The over-all mortality rate has decreased from 21 to 12 per cent. Of the 29 deaths concerned, 5 were directly attributable to ulcerative colitis, 8 had complications caused or accentuated by hormonal therapy, 6 seriously ill patients died in the postoperative period, including 1 whose death was attributable to adrenal insufficiency, 4 died of complications after secondary operations, 1 died of carcinoma of the colon, and 5 died of unrelated diseases. At the time of follow up, 37 per cent of the patients from each group were completely well, but less of the steroid treated patients had been symptomatic in the interim. Only 6 per cent of the steroid treated patients required maintenance medication.
Pulmonary physiology and pathophysiology in obesity

obesity is now a common occurrence in modern society. Barely one-third of Americans fall into the normal weight range, and 32% of the population has been classified as obese ([9][1]). The obesity epidemic is permeating into the childhood years, with 16.3% of children in the United States being above
Permeability of antisense oligonucleotide through porcine buccal mucosa.

Abstract Antisense oligonucleotides (AONs) that can modulate malfunctioning genes have a great potential to become future therapeutic agents. In this study, we investigated the feasibility of buccal delivery of AONs using ISIS 3082 as a model compound. An isocratic HPLC method was developed to quantify ISIS 3082. The permeability coefficient of this AON at 37°C, determined by using side-by-side diffusion cells, was 1.05×10−9 (cm/s). The flux of ISIS 3082 across buccal mucosa was dependent upon its concentration in the donor chamber. The permeation of ISIS 3082 was increased when 100 mM of sodium glycocholate was used as a permeation enhancer. The potential of delivering AONs via buccal route with the aid of permeation enhancers is explored in this study.
Novel Pd based catalyst for the removal of organic and emerging contaminants

We report a simple approach to autocatalytic reduction and decoration of Au, Pd, and Pt nanocrystals on biodegradable cellulose polymer coated with polypyrrole. Cellulose was used as a template for the coating of polypyrrole. Reduction of different metals such as Au, Pd, and Pt and their decoration can be achieved through polypyrrole-coated cellulose fibers. Pre-selected bulk morphology of PdO/PdO2-embedded carbon was achieved through a microwave combustion method within one minute using the above-mentioned metal and polypyrrole-coated composite cellulose fibers. Synthesized Pd-decorated polypyrrole-coated cellulose fibers (Pd/py-cellulose) and microwave-ignited above mentioned (PdO/PdO2/C) materials provide a suitable catalyst for the degradation/reduction of methylene blue (waste water simulator) to leucomethylene blue at room temperature in aqueous media. At various concentrations, the material exhibits an overall reaction coefficient (ranging from 0.0183 to 0.1168 M−1 s−1), much greater than the self-degradation of methylene blue (MB) (0.00002 M−1 s−1). Through microwave ignition, the apparent increase in surface area of palladium results in a catalyst capable of high conversion (68.9%) at low concentrations.
DISCUSSION OF The Effect of State Income Tax Apportionment and Tax Incentives on New Capital Expenditures

Gupta and Hofmann (2003) (hereafter GH) examine the impact of four state income tax characteristics on new capital expenditures by businesses within a state. In particular, the authors consider (1) state tax burden (as measured by the product of a state’s highest statutory tax rate and its property factor weight), (2) the number of tax incentives offered by a state, (3) whether a state has unitary reporting, and (4) whether a state has a throwback rule. Unlike prior research, the authors consider all four tax factors in their empirical analyses. Perhaps due to the omission of one or more of these state tax factors, prior research contains conflicting evidence regarding the impact of tax rates and apportionment factors on economic development within the states. I will first analyze the unitary reporting classification scheme utilized in this paper, and then I will evaluate the model specification and estimation procedures. Finally, I will close this discussion with implications for future research.
RoboTrikke: Design, Modeling and Experimentation With a Robotic Trikke

In this paper we present new experimental results for a novel underactuated system called the ROBOTRIKKE. The ROBOTRIKKE is a three-wheeled system that can be driven by periodic motion of its front steering wheel combined with rocking side-to-side motion of a robotic rider. We present two new generations of the ROBOTRIKKE including a ABS model made using Shape Deposition Manufacturing (SDM). We present modeling, simulation and experimental results for gait generation for the ROBOTRIKKE using a combination of periodic inputs for the steering axis and a rider. We show how a rocking motion (as used by human riders) can be used to improve the performance of the ROBOTRIKKE.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
Biosystematics and agronomic potential of some weedy and cultivated amaranths

Three weedy amaranths (Amarantkus hybridus, A. retroflexus and A. powellii) from nine California sites, three domesticated species (A. caudatus, A. hypochondriacus and A. cruentus) from the USDA plant inventory as well as other sources and a naturally-occurring crop-weed hybrid were studied for numerical taxonomy using morphological and allozyme variation data. The crop and weedy species groups were easily separated and the hybrid populations were found to be intermediate. Surprisingly, very little intraspecific variation was present. Crop, weed and hybrid amaranths were also compared for their yielding ability, harvest index, seed efficiency of grain production and protein, popping quality and other agronomic traits. Although field plot yields were similar among the three groups of species (700 Kg/ha seed without fertilizer treatment and water, ranging to 3000 Kg/ha with fertilizer applications of 170 Kg N/ha, and abundant water), the harvest index of the weedy group was much higher (25–40%) than the domesticated species (10–15%). The allocation of biomass to seed production is positively correlated with seed yield in the domesticated but not in the weedy types, whereas the percentages of biomass as stem material and as seeds are negatively correlated. Several weedy and crop characteristics together should provide the basis of new improved cultivars through genetic recombination and selection.
Ignition-delay times in laser initiated combustion.

A single pulse from a TEA CO2 laser is used to heat 1:7:14 mixtures of SF6:CH4:O2 to temperatures near 1000 K. A short- or long-duration pulse (one-half the energy deposited in 0.25 or 0.82 μsec, respectively) from a second TEA CO2 laser is used to ignite the mixture. At comparable values of absorbed energy from the second laser, ignition-delay times for the long-duration secondary pulse are approximately twice those for the short-duration pulse. Ignition of the hot mixture requires about 10% less absorbed energy with the short-duration pulse than with the long-duration pulse. These results indicate the short-duration pulse is more effective in producing a high population density of reactive species that initiate the reactions necessary for ignition.
Transfer and Origin of Adaptations through Natural Hybridization: Were Anderson and Stebbins Right?

The biographer Ronald Clark once described the influential evolutionary mathematician J.B.S. Haldane as “…among the last of the ‘string-and-sealing-wax' scientists, the men who could achieve results by themselves, without the aid of a committee, and who could, without the help of another
Nonfatal injuries following Hurricane Katrina--New Orleans, Louisiana, 2005.

Abstract The Journal of Safety Research has partnered with the National Center for Injury Prevention and Control at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in Atlanta, Georgia, USA, to briefly report on some of the latest findings in the research community. This report is the fourth edition in a series of CDC articles. Background An active injury and illness surveillance system was established by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) along with the Louisiana Department of Health and Hospitals (LDHH) in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina in functioning hospitals and medical clinics. Results The surveillance system recorded 7,543 nonfatal injuries among residents and relief workers between September 8-October 14, 2005. The leading mechanisms of injury identified in both groups were fall and cut/stab/pierce, with a greater proportion of residents compared to relief workers injured during the repopulation period. Clean-up was the most common activity at the time of injury for both groups. Conclusion Injuries documented through this system underscore the need for surveillance of exposed populations to determine the injury burden and initiate injury prevention activities and health communication campaigns.
Relationships between Hippocampal Activity and Breathing Patterns

Single cell discharge, EEG activity, and optical changes accompanying alterations in breathing patterns, as well as the knowledge that respiratory musculature is heavily involved in movement and other behavioral acts, implicate hippocampal regions in some aspects of breathing control. The control is unlikely to reside in oscillatory breathing movements, because such patterns emerge in preparations retaining only the medulla (and perhaps only the spinal cord). However, momentary changes in breathing patterns induced by affect, startle, whole-body movement changes, or compensatory ventilatory changes mediated by rostral brain regions likely depend on hippocampal action in aspects of control. Hippocampal activity was enhanced prior to sighs, and this enhancement was accompanied by increased slow theta activity. Theta frequency increased during apnea, prior to return of breathing. Consideration of hippocampal contributions to breathing control should be viewed in the context that significant interactions exist between blood pressure changes and ventilation, and that modest breathing challenges, such as exposure to hypercapnia or to increased resistive loads, bring into action a vast array of brain regions involving nearly every level of the neuraxis.
PSEUDOAUDITORY AIR CONDUCTION THRESHOLDS IN THE DEAF.

Pure-tone air conduction thresholds, as well as speech detection thresholds, were obtained from both ears of 10 profoundly deaf individuals before and after the administration of a local anesthetic in two conditions: under earphones, and while wearing a conventional-type hearing aid. The results indicated only minimal differences between the pre-anesthetic and post-anesthetic thresholds. These findings support the contention that high intensity, low frequency thresholds in the profoundly deaf are primarily auditory in nature and do not contain significant vibratory components. The continued use of hearing aids with profoundly deaf children is recommended.
Impact of humidity on quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy based detection of HCN

The architecture and operation of a trace hydrogen cyanide (HCN) gas sensor based on quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy and using a λ=1.53 μm telecommunication diode laser are described. The influence of humidity content in the analyzed gas on the sensor performance is investigated. A kinetic model describing the vibrational to translational (V–T) energy transfer following the laser excitation of a HCN molecule is developed. Based on this model and the experimental data, the V–T relaxation time of HCN was found to be (1.91±0.07)10-3 s Torr in collisions with N2 molecules and (2.1±0.2)10-6 s Torr in collisions with H2O molecules. The noise-equivalent concentration of HCN in air at normal indoor conditions was determined to be at the 155-ppbv level with a 1-s sensor time constant.
A comparison of androgynous, masculine sex-typed, and undifferentiated males on dimensions of attitudes toward rape ☆

Abstract The relationship between male sex role orientation and the perception of rape, acceptance of rape-supportive attitudes, and self-reported likelihood of acquaintance and stranger rape was investigated. Subjects completed the Bem Sex-Role Inventory and scales assessing rape-supportive attitudes (Adversarial Sexual Beliefs Scale, Acceptance of Interpersonal Violence Scale, Rape Myth Acceptance Scale). Half completed the Likelihood of Raping Scale and Rape Responsibility Questionnaire after reading an acquaintance rape vignette and half completed these scales following a vignette depicting stranger rape. Results indicated that males, in general, considered stranger rape more serious than acquaintance rape. Further, across the rape-vignette and attitudinal measures, masculine sex-typed and undifferentiated males repeatedly responded in a more rape-supportive fashion than did androgynous males. Findings are discussed in terms of the importance of feminine expressivity in the male personality, and the significance of reducing rape-supportive attitudes and myths in American society.
Toward the Development and Validation of a Comprehensive PEM Fuel Cell Model

In this paper, we report our ongoing team efforts (which are being funded by the US Department of Energy) toward the development and validation of a three-dimensional, two-phase, comprehensive PEM (polymer electrolyte membrane) fuel cell model. Specifically, we report our progress in following areas: i) a channel two-phase flow submodel to account for the presence of liquid water in flow channels and its effect; ii) an approximate but robust approach for taking MPL (microporous layer) effect into account; iii) an investigation into the effect of cell segmenting; and iv) an ongoing effort in model validation.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Art therapy focus groups for children and adolescents with epilepsy.

Abstract Children with epilepsy are at risk for numerous psychological and social challenges. We hypothesized that art therapy focus groups would enhance the self-image of children and adolescents with epilepsy. Sixteen children with epilepsy, ages 7–18 years, were recruited from pediatric neurology clinics at the University of Wisconsin to participate in four art therapy sessions. Pre-group assessments included psychological screens (Piers–Harris Children's Self-Concept Scale; Childhood Attitude Toward Illness Scale; Impact of Childhood Neurologic Disability Scale) and art therapy instruments (Formal Elements Art Therapy Scale; Seizure Drawing Task; Levick Emotional and Cognitive Art Therapy Assessment). Developmental levels of drawings were significantly below age-expected standards. Following completion of focus groups, a repeat Childhood Attitude Toward Illness Scale showed no differences between pre- and post-test scores on any measure of this scale. However, subjects and parents were uniformly positive about their group experiences, suggesting a qualitative benefit from participation in art therapy focus groups.
Video Game Use and Problem Behaviors in Boys with Autism Spectrum Disorders.

Abstract Children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) have strong preferences for screen-based media, particularly video games. Although problematic video game use has been associated with behavior problems among typically developing children, the relationship between these variables has not been previously examined among children with ASD. The current study examined the relationships between aspects of video game use and problem behaviors among a sample of 169 boys (ages 8–18) with ASD. Parents reported on their children's behavioral functioning and video game habits and preferences, including the average number of hours spent playing video games per day, preferred game types (genres), and problematic (i.e., addictive) video game play patterns. The results revealed that problematic video game use was significantly correlated with inattention and oppositional behavior. Boys who played Role-Playing games had higher levels of both problematic game use and oppositional behavior. Finally, problematic game use and Role-Playing game genre were significant predictors of oppositional behavior, even when controlling for age and amount of time spent playing video games. The results highlight the clinical importance of examining video game use patterns among children with ASD, and indicate a need for future experimental and longitudinal research in this area.
Pineal involvement in the control of behavioral thermoregulation of the white sucker, Catostomus commersoni

White suckers select a higher body temperature at night and a lower temperature during daytime. Removal of the pineal organ eliminated their diel rhythm of behavioral thermoregulation. After pinealectomy fish failed to select a lower daytime temperature. These results suggest that the pineal organ is involved in the control of behavioral thermoregulation of this teleost fish.
Evidence for solar flare rare gases in the Khor Temiki aubrite.

SINCE the discovery by Gerling and Levskii1 that the meteorite Pesjanoe contains high concentrations of helium, neon and argon, several other gas-rich meteorites have been found2,3.
A Linear Programming Solution to Dynamic Leontief type Models

Much research has been undertaken in the past several years on the uses of Leontief input-output matrices; applications have been made ranging from industrial growth models to models of interregional dynamics to estimates of structural changes in the economy. This paper discusses a general linear programming formulation of Leontief type relationships. Since we may construct models for a single firm analogous to Leontief macro-economic systems, our results are applicable to a wide variety of situations.
Physical growth and cognitive skills in early-life: Evidence from a nationally representative US birth cohort

Abstract This paper establishes associations between length/height and cognitive skills in infancy, toddlerhood, and school-entry. The data come from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study – Birth Cohort (ECLS-B), a representative longitudinal sample of US children born in 2001. A positive association between length/height and cognition is found as early as 9 months and continues through school-entry. These associations are robust to controls for birthweight and economic status. Early growth is also shown to be a stronger predictor of reading and math skills in kindergarten than attained height. Girls exhibit stronger evidence of this latter result than boys. These findings have implications for the interpretation of early life as a critical period for the growth–cognition relationship.
Strong immobilization of charge carriers near the surface of a solid oxide electrolyte

A promise of nano-structured solid electrolytes (SEs) to present enhanced ionic conductivity necessary for low-temperature solid oxide fuel cell applications arises from the hypothesis that interfaces in these materials accelerate the ionic transport. However an in-depth knowledge of ionic dynamics in the interfacial regions, relative to the bulk, imperative to verify such a hypothesis is currently lacking. Here, we report the results of an atomistic study of oxygen-vacancy hopping dynamics in nano-crystalline Sc-doped ceria (SDC), one of the most studied oxygen-anion conducting SEs, using 45Sc magic-angle-spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS NMR) spectroscopy. Our results provide direct experimental evidence that oxygen vacancies in the surface region of SDC are nearly immobile even at temperatures as high as 600 °C. Such findings suggest that accelerated oxygen-anionic transport along interfaces in SDC is highly unlikely, and thus lead to the conclusion that nano-structuring of this SE, and possibly other oxide SEs, will unlikely benefit their anionic conductivities.
Religion : backbone of Naga nationalism

Abstract This study examines the underlying religious influence on Naga nationalism. Historical instances of expansion and assimilation on religious grounds in various parts of the world as far back as 3200 B.C. have been traced. The case of Naga nationalism demonstrates that religion is one of the powerful tools of nationalism. Naga nationalism is an appropriate illustrative case because it is an independent movement whose religious basis represents national movements that are seen today in many countries. An analysis of Naga religions, i.e., animism (the pre-Christian religion) and Christianity (the present dominant religion), suggests that Naga patriotic zeal and nationalistic sentiments are derived from their religious philosophy and values.
Comparison of the Brain Tissue Response in Rats to Injury by Argon and Carbon Dioxide Lasers

This study compares the acute and chronic response of brain tissue to injury by equal power density, focused argon (Ar) and carbon dioxide (CO2) laser beams. A cortical incision from 0.2-second laser pulses of 12.5 X 10(3) W/cm2 power density was made in the exposed cortex of 32 rats using either the CO2 or the Ar laser. The brains were examined at intervals from 1/2 hour to 1 month after injury. Histologically, all brain incisions were sharply demarcated hemispheroidal defects with a vaporized center bordered by a zone of coagulation necrosis surrounded by edema. The laser incisions were found to be of equal depth (less than 1 mm). The average cortical surface diameter of the CO2 laser incision was 0.86 mm for a focused beam spot size 0.45 mm in diameter, compared with 0.65 mm with the Ar laser, which had a focused beam spot size 0.15 mm in diameter. In both incisions, some delayed depth effect was observed. A progression of the tissue necrosis by approximately 17% was observed during the first 24 hours after injury. During the first 4 hours after injury, the Evans blue blood-brain barrier defect (EBBD) surrounding the cortical incisions averaged 5.80 mm2 for the CO2 incision and 0.888 mm2 for the Ar incision. In both types of brain incision, the EBBD appeared to resolve by 24 hours after injury. At 1 month after injury, a core of coagulation necrosis surrounded by mild fibrillary gliosis was observed. At the power density and focused beam spot sizes used, there was no significant difference in the overall brain tissue response to Ar and CO2 laser lesions.
Structure and function of the murine muscle–tendon junction

The muscle-tendon junctions of the extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis muscles from adult Balb C Bailey/J mice have been examined tensiometrically and ultrastructurally following removal of cellular membrane and soluble cytoplasm by exposure to nonionic detergent. As judged by the ability of the extracted muscle to generate tension upon exposure to ATP and to transmit the generated tension to the tendon, detergent extraction leaves the muscle-tendon junction functionally intact. Electron microscopic analysis of the extracted muscle-tendon junctions reveals that the relationship between the terminal myofilaments and the lamina densa of the basal lamina is retained, despite the extensive extraction of the plasma membrane. Fine filaments (2-7 nm) are seen to connect the lamina densa with an electron-dense intracellular layer into which terminal actin filaments appear to insert. These fine filaments are considered to represent an important component of the structural linkage between myofilaments and connective tissue and hence to be a significant component of the tension transmitting mechanism. Their precise nature is not known, but some part of the filaments must pass through the hydrophobic compartment of the plasma membrane and thus must be a transmembrane component of considerable tensile strength. These studies suggest that detergent-extractable membrane lipids play no significant role in the transmission of tension at the muscle-tendon junction, and that fine filaments, probably protein, are responsible for transmitting tension from myofilaments, through the plasma membrane, to the lamina densa of the basal lamina.
Atmospheric pCO2 sensitivity to the solubility pump: Role of the low‐latitude ocean

Previous research has shown that the atmospheric pCO2 sensitivity to changes in low-latitude sea-surface chemistry (“low-latitude sensitivity”) depends on both the volume of the ocean ventilated from low latitudes and on the degree of air-sea disequilibrium at high latitudes. However, it is not clear which effect is more important. In this paper we present a diagnostic framework for quantifying the relative importance of low-latitude ventilation versus high-latitude air-sea disequilibrium in determining the low-latitude sensitivity of ocean carbon cycle models. The diagnostic uses a Green function that partitions the ocean's carbon inventory on the basis of whether the carbon last interacted with the atmosphere in the low latitudes or in the high latitudes. The diagnostic is applied to a simple 3-box model, a box model with a ventilated thermocline, and a suite of OGCM runs meant to capture a range of possible ocean circulations for present and last-glacial-maximum conditions. The diagnostic shows unambiguously that the OGCM has a greater low-latitude sensitivity than the box models because of the greater amount of water ventilated from low latitudes in the OGCM. However, when applied to the suite of OGCM runs, the diagnostic also reveals that the effect of high-latitude air-sea disequilibrium can sometimes dominate the effect of low-latitude ventilation and is highly sensitive to the state of the ocean circulation. In particular, the magnitude of the high-latitude disequilibrium effect correlates strongly with the strength of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation and the volume of water ventilated from northern high latitudes.
Fiber optic halide sensor based on fluorescence quenching

A fiber optic sensor for halides was constructed based on the collisional quenching of quinolinium chromophores bound to porous glass beads. The halide indicators N-(4- aminobutyl)-6-methoxyquinolinium (ABQ) and N-(7-carboxyheptyl)-6-methoxyquinolinium (CHQ) were covalently attached to surface derivatized glass beads. The labeled beads were fluorescent with excitation and emission maxima at 350 and 450 nm, respectively. Halide sensitivity and kinetics were examined by epifluorescence microscopy of immobilized beads. The CHQ labeled beads had a higher sensitivity to halides than the ABQ beads. CHQ bead fluorescence was quenched at 100 mM halide concentration by 40% for Cl-, 55% for Br-, 80% for SCN-, and 85% for I-. The 10 - 90% rise time for a step change in chloride concentration was approximately 4 s. Similar results were obtained when the beads were cemented to the tip of a single quartz fiberoptic. Time-resolved microfluorimetry studies showed that nanosecond fluorescence lifetimes decreased with halide concentration.© (1992) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
WE-B-19A-01: SRT II: Uncertainties in SRT

SRS delivery has undergone major technical changes in the last decade, transitioning from predominantly frame-based treatment delivery to imageguided, frameless SRS. It is important for medical physicists working in SRS to understand the magnitude and sources of uncertainty involved in delivering SRS treatments for a multitude of technologies (Gamma Knife, CyberKnife, linac-based SRS and protons). Sources of SRS planning and delivery uncertainty include dose calculation, dose fusion, and intra- and inter-fraction motion. Dose calculations for small fields are particularly difficult because of the lack of electronic equilibrium and greater effect of inhomogeneities within and near the PTV. Going frameless introduces greater setup uncertainties that allows for potentially increased intra- and interfraction motion, The increased use of multiple imaging modalities to determine the tumor volume, necessitates (deformable) image and contour fusion, and the resulting uncertainties introduced in the image registration process further contribute to overall treatment planning uncertainties. Each of these uncertainties must be quantified and their impact on treatment delivery accuracy understood. If necessary, the uncertainties may then be accounted for during treatment planning either through techniques to make the uncertainty explicit, or by the appropriate addition of PTV margins. Further complicating matters, the statistics of 1-5 fraction SRS treatments differ from traditional margin recipes relying on Poisson statistics. In this session, we will discuss uncertainties introduced during each step of the SRS treatment planning and delivery process and present margin recipes to appropriately account for such uncertainties. Learning Objectives: 1. To understand the major contributors to the total delivery uncertainty in SRS for Gamma Knife, CyberKnife, and linac-based SRS. 2. Learn the various uncertainties introduced by image fusion, deformable image registration, and contouring variation. 3. Learn a variety of strategies for dealing with uncertainty, including margin recipes and explicit visualization of uncertainty. Understand how the assessment of PTV margins differs from regular fractionation (van Herk recipe) for 1–5 fraction deliveries.