cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Coronavirus Victimization Distress and Coronavirus Racial Bias on Mental Health Among Black, Indigenous and Latinx Young Adults in the United States

Abstract Background People of color in the U.S. have been disproportionately impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic in terms of rates of infection and morbidity. Explanations for these disparities include over-representation as essential workers and long-standing inequities in access to health services. Prior to the pandemic, racial discrimination has been associated with depression and general anxiety. However, the effect of discrimination and racial bias specific to the Coronavirus on mental health has not been examined. The aim of this study was to assess the effects Coronavirus victimization distress and Coronavirus racial bias beliefs on the mental health of young adult people of color. Method An online survey administered to a national sample of 350 Black, Indigenous and Latinx adults (18 – 25 years) included Coronavirus health risks, prescription and financial security, measure of depression and anxiety and 2 new psychometrically validated measures for Coronavirus related victimization distress and racial bias. Results Employment, number of Coronavirus health risks, Coronavirus victimization distress and Coronavirus racial bias were positively correlated with each other and with depression and anxiety. By contrast, household income and perceived financial and prescription security were negatively correlated with Coronavirus victimization, Coronavirus racial bias and with the mental health indices. Structural equation modeling controlling for demographic variables indicated perceived Coronavirus racial bias mediated the effect of Coronavirus victimization distress on both mental health measures across all groups. Conclusions Results suggest the COVID-19 pandemic has created new pathways to mental health disparities among young adults of color by reversing formerly protective factors such as employment, and by exacerbating structural and societal inequities linked to race. Findings highlight the necessity of creating mental health services tailored to the specific needs of racial/ethnic minorities during the current and future health crises.
A joint order acceptance and scheduling problem with earliness and tardiness penalties considering overtime

This paper considers a joint order acceptance and scheduling problem under a general scenario. A manufacturer receives multiple orders with a given revenue, processing time, release date, due date, deadline, and earliness and tardiness penalties. The manufacturer can be seen as a single-machine system. Due to limited capacity, the manufacturer cannot process every order and needs to determine the optimal set of accepted orders and corresponding production schedule such that the total profit is maximized. The manufacturer can extend its capacity with overtime by paying an additional cost. A time-indexed formulation is presented to model the problem. Two exact algorithms are proposed. The first algorithm, denoted by DPIA-GR, is a dynamic programming (DP)-based algorithm that starts by solving a relaxed version of the original model and successively recovers the relaxed constraint until an optimal solution to the original problem is achieved. The second algorithm, denoted by DPIA-LRGR, improves DPIA-GR by incorporating Lagrangian relaxation (LR). The subgradient method is employed to find the optimal Lagrangian multipliers. The relaxed model in DPIA-GR and the LR model in DPIA-LRGR can be represented using a weighted di-graph. Both algorithms are equivalent to finding the longest path in the graph and applying a graph reduction strategy to prevent unnecessary computational time and memory usage. A genetic algorithm (GA) is also proposed to solve large-scale versions of the problem. Numerical experiments show that both DPIA-GR and DPIA-LRGR solve the problem efficiently and outperform CPLEX and GA, but DPIA-LRGR offers better performance.
Human Mobility, COVID-19, and Policy Responses: The rights and Claims-Making of Migrant Domestic workers

This article aims to explore policy responses to the early phase of the COVID-19 crisis, with a particular focus on disparate outcomes for international migrant domestic workers (MDWs). Through an ...
Socioeconomic Status Is Associated with the Risk of Hepatic Encephalopathy after Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt Creation.

PURPOSE To determine whether socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with hepatic encephalopathy (HE) risk after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) creation. MATERIALS AND METHODS This single-institution retrospective study included 368 patients (mean age = 56.7 years; n = 229 males) from 5 states who underwent TIPS creation. SES was estimated using the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality SES index, a metric based on neighborhood housing, education, and income statistics. Episodes of new or worsening HE after TIPS creation, defined as hospitalization for HE or escalation in outpatient medical therapy, were identified from medical records. Multivariable ordinal regression, negative binomial regression, and competing risks survival analysis were used to identify factors associated with SES quartile, the number of episodes of new or worsening HE per unit time after TIPS creation, and mortality after TIPS creation, respectively. RESULTS There were 83, 113, 99, and 73 patients in the lowest, second, third, and highest SES quartiles, respectively. In multivariable regression, only older age (β = 0.04, confidence interval [CI] = 0.02-0.05; P < .001) and white, non-Hispanic ethnicity (β = 0.64, CI = 0.07-1.21; P = .03) were associated with higher SES quartile. In multivariable regression, lower SES quartile (incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 0.80, CI = 0.68-0.94; P = .004), along with older age, male sex, higher model for end-stage liver disease score, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, and proton pump inhibitor use were associated with higher rates of HE after TIPS creation. Ethnicity was not associated with the rate of HE after TIPS creation (IRR = 0.77, CI = 0.46-1.29; P = .28). In multivariable survival analysis, neither SES quartile nor ethnicity predicted mortality after creation of a TIPS. CONCLUSION Lower SES is associated with higher rates of new or worsening HE after TIPS creation.
Reflections on the DACA Cases in the Supreme Court -- The 'Illusion of Freedom'

This essay explores the path that the DACA cases took to the Supreme Court, the dichotomy raised by the “good”-“bad” immigrant narrative—a narrative that President Trump has embraced—and how that narrative impacted the way the cases reached the Court. Although DACA recipients are the quintessential “good” immigrants, their fate is unlikely to be resolved by the Court’s decision in the DACA cases. Congress should act to grant DACA recipients, the living embodiment of the American Dream, a path to permanent residency and citizenship. But Congress should also address reform for those “bad” immigrants who bear the responsibility for deciding to migrate to the United States, in particular, the parents of the U.S.-citizen and permanent resident children. The national conversation about immigrants should reflect the reality of human life and abandon simplistic views of choice about migration and work that render those choices, at the heart of the human experience, criminal.
Who Favors Magnets and Who Favors Charters? Political Ideology, Social Purpose Politics, and School Choice in the Upper South:

School choice is an increasingly important feature of the US educational landscape. Numerous studies examine whether a particular form of school choice promotes student achievement or whether a typ...
Evolving organizational growth through information technology

The Service Employees International Union, Local 36 Benefits Office, provides service to over 3,500 union members in the Delaware Valley area. In addition to managing the collection of dues and other funds through employers, the Benefits Office administers several insurance programs and funds. From 1979 until 1996, this office has grown in sophistication and service efficiency primarily through the leadership efforts of Joseph M. Courtney, its only Administrator during this period. Starting with an organization with no technical sophistication, Courtney identified critical areas where technology could make a difference in service levels to the Local membership. This case study describes the gradual evolution of the use of information technology, first to support basic transaction processing, and ultimately to support the strategic issues that such an operation faces. Through the careful use of a number of outside vendors and consultants, and through the slow growth of internal talent, Courtney was able to shepherd the operation from a purely manual system to one where every employee has a PC workstation connected to a network of internal servers and external services. Issues that will be raised in this case include questions of internal versus external development of applications, the relationships among various vendors and consultants, and the growth of internal expertise without significant information technology staff. As the case closes, a new Administrator, Michael Ragan, looks at the operation and considers alternatives. He is very much concerned that their primary vendor, Benefit Systems, is no longer responsive to Local 36’s needs.
Ultrastructure and Ribosomes of Mycoplasma gallisepticum

Abstract Maniloff, Jack (Yale University, New Haven, Conn.), Harold J. Morowitz, and Russell J. Barrnett. Ultrastructure and ribosomes of Mycoplasma gallisepticum. J. Bacteriol. 90:193–204. 1965.—The ultrastructure of Mycoplasma gallisepticum strain A5969 has been studied by electron microscopy (thin-section and negative staining), ultracentrifugation, and chemical analysis. The list of ultrastructure is: membrane, nuclear material, ribosomes, ribosomal structures, infra-bleb region, and blebs. The nuclear material, containing the cell's deoxyribonucleic acid, appears as an unbounded region containing 30-A fibrils. The ribosomes have a diameter of about 140 A, a ribonucleic acid-protein ratio of 0.68, and an uncorrected sedimentation coefficient of 70.2S. The 70.2S particle can be broken into 49.3S and 32.4S particles. Ribosomal arrays were found filling the intracytoplasmic space between the nuclear material and the membrane. Under certain conditions, these arrays formed cylindrical arrangements of ribosomes. The infra-bleb region is composed of a granular material, although little internal structure could be found. The bleb was highly structured.
Comparison of a conventional two-column demethanizer/deethanizer configuration requiring refrigerated condensers with a nonconventional column/rectifier configuration

BACKGROUND Many researchers have demonstrated the economic advantages in some separations of non-conventional distillation configurations such as the use of a side rectifier or a divided-wall column. Most of the systems studied in the literature appear to have operating pressures that permit the use of cooling water in the condenser. This inexpensive heat sink means that the energy economics depend almost solely on reboiler duty. This work explores the situation in which expensive refrigeration must be used in the condensers. The numerical example is the production of natural gas liquids (NGL). RESULTS The resulting cryogenic reflux-drum temperatures (−80 °C in the demethanizer and 12 °C in the deethanizer) require expensive refrigeration. Therefore, the economics depend on both reboiler duties and condenser duties. Two cases are studied. The first uses the product specifications proposed in a literature paper, which correspond to very high recoveries of methane and ethane. The second case uses more reasonable recoveries and also finds the optimum recovery for propane. CONCLUSIONS In the first case, the conventional two-column configuration is more economically attractive than the non-conventional column/rectifier configuration because of lower refrigeration costs. In the second case, the opposite is true because the refrigeration load is much smaller. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
The Kuroshio Extension System: Its Large-Scale Variability and Role in the Midlatitude Ocean-Atmosphere Interaction

The Kuroshio Extension and its recirculation gyre form an interconnected dynamic system. The system is located at a crossroads where the meso-scale and large-scale oceanic variability are highest, and where the ocean-atmosphere interaction is most active in the Pacific Ocean outside of the tropics. Following a brief review of the mean flow and meso-scale eddy variability, this study describes in detail the large-scale structural change (an oscillation between an elongated and a contracted state) observed in the Kuroshio Extension system. Causes for this structural change are explored next, and it is argued that the basin-wide external wind forcing and the nonlinear dynamics associated with the inertial recirculation gyre are both important factors. Data analysis results are reviewed and presented, emphasizing that the surface Kuroshio Extension is not simply a well-mixed layer passively responding to heat flux anomalies imposed by the atmosphere. It is argued that large-scale changes in the Kuroshio Extension system influence the surface ocean heat balance and generate wintertime sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies through both horizontal geostrophic heat advection and re-emergence to the surface mixed layer of sequestered mode water temperature anomalies.
Religion and Psychology: New Research. Edited by Sylvan D. Ambrose. New York: Nova Science, 2006. xi + 311 pp. $79.00 hardcover

The generic title of this international collection of papers, especially with its conjunction and, gives few clues to what its 13 chapters might have in common and what they might offer to psycholo...
Inhibition of IClswell impairs TNFα-dependent activation of NF-κB (1096.3)

Cytokines such as TNFα drive inflammation via transcription factors including NF-κB. Biologic agents targeting TNFα modulate disease, but require I.V. administration and cause immune suppression. Thus there is a need to develop oral, titratable therapies. In smooth muscle cells, NF-κB activation by TNFα depends upon intracellular, endosomal ROS production by Nox1 and deficiency of ClC-3 disrupts ROS production at this site. TNFα also activates IClswell via endosomal ROS. We hypothesized that IClswell activity is required for NF-κB activation by TNFα. We used a luciferase-NF-κB reporter to quantify responses to TNFα (10ng/ml). Activation of HEK293 cells was reduced by both Tamoxifen (10μM, 13.9±3.5 to 6.4±2.2 fold) and DCPIB (30μM, 41.5±4.9 to 8.2±0.8 fold, N=6). In addition, inhibition of this channel in HUVECs with tamoxifen resulted in a 40% decrease in NFκB activation (N=6). These data suggest that IClswell activation by TNFα may play a role in NF-κB signaling. IClswell has also been hypothesized to al...
Use of an oriented transmembrane protein to probe the assembly of a supported phospholipid bilayer

Planar-supported phospholipid bilayers formed by the adsorption of vesicles are increasingly used in the investigation of lipid-dependent reactions. We have studied the way in which these bilayers are formed with phospholipid vesicles containing the transmembrane protein Tissue Factor (TF). TF complexed with the serine protease, factor VIIa, is the primary initiator of blood coagulation by way of activation of the zymogen factor X. TF has been shown to orient randomly on the inner and outer leaflets of vesicles. We used proteolytic digestion to produce vesicles in which the extracellular domain of TF is located on the inner leaflet. These vesicles show no cofactor activity for factor VIIa as a result of the inability of the extracellular domain of TF to bind VIIa. After freeze/thawing, 50% of the cofactor activity was regained, indicating reorientation of the sequestered, inner leaflet TF. Adsorption of these vesicles to the inner surface of glass microcapillaries results in a continuous phospholipid bilayer. The microcapillaries were perfused with a solution of factors VIIa and X, and the effluent was monitored for factor Xa production, a sensitive measure of the activity of the TF-VIIa complex. For coatings produced with the digested vesicles, minimal TF-VIIa activity was observed, showing that the supported bilayer preserves the orientation of the leaflets in the vesicles, i.e., the outer leaflet of the vesicles forms the outer leaflet of the supported bilayer.
Transport properties of unconventional superconductors in vortex state

Abstract We obtain expressions for thermal conductivity and ultrasonic attenuation coefficient in unconventional superconductors in the vortex state in the vicinity of B = Hc2i(T) where B is the magnetic induction and Hc2i(T) is the upper critical field when B is parallel to the crystal axis i.
Thermodynamic and pressure dependent magnetic characteristics of PrBa2Cu3O7

Abstract The temperature dependence of the specific heat and magnetic susceptibility of PrBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 indicates that it is nonsuperconducting for T > 1.0 K but magnetically orders in the vicinity of 17 K. The entropy removal associated with this magnetic transition is 5 J/mol K and the isothermal magnetization at T = 4.2 K to 23 T shows no evidence of saturation.
Studies on the Stimulation of Growth by Dietary Antibiotics 1. Changes in Growth Response of Chicks to Antibiotics over a three year Period

Abstract ANTIBIOTICS have been shown to have their greatest effect on growth of chicks reared in an old environment (Coates et al., 1951; Hill et al., 1953; and others). Nevertheless, Waibel et al. (1954) and Libby and Schaible (1955) reported that the continued feeding of antibiotics in a given environment resulted in a gradually decreased growth response. McGinnis et al. (1958) reported that new antibiotics (not previously used in feeds) stimulated growth, whereas antibiotics used for some time in feeds did not. Heth and Bird (1962) found no difference in growth response when antibiotics were fed over an extended period. Penicillin had been used routinely in diets fed in our laboratory since 1950. The growth response to this antibiotic was small, but antibiotics not previously used, such as bacitracin and erythromycin, gave a pronounced response. Therefore, the following summary of experiments over a 3-year period using these antibiotics was made in…
Flutter design charts for biaxially loaded isotropic panels

Flutter design charts for isotropic panels stressed to verge of buckling for tropical values of structural damping
Ten Years' Experience with the "Sticky Platelet Syndrome"

We describe a 10-year experience with a con genital platelet abnormality characterized by hyperaggre gability with ADP and/or epinephrine. The syndrome has so far been identified in >200 patients and their families. Clinical symptoms are transient or permanent arterial oc clusions, thrombotic in nature, affecting especially the coronary and cerebral vasculature, including ophthalmic vessels. The patients have no identifiable risk factors and are usually young (5-45 years), and other hypercoagula ble states are excluded. In many cases the vascular acci dent is precipitated by severe stressful events. Occasion ally the syndrome is found in patients with recurrent ve nous thromboembolism while they are on optimal oral anticoagulant therapy. In the laboratory the patients' platelets are hyperaggregable with decreasing ADP and/ or epinephrine concentrations added to platelet-rich plasma. Two forms are identified: Type I is marked by hyperaggregability with ADP and epinephrine, while Type II evidences hyperaggr...
Eyelid allergic contact dermatitis to black iron oxide

Eye cosmetics are a common cause of eyelid dermatitis. These products contain pigments, fragrances, resins, preservatives and vehicles. Mascara might cause either irritant or allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) of the eyelids. We present the case of a 44-year-old woman with a 10-month history of periorbital and eyelid dermatitis. Epicutaneous patch testing using the TRUE Test, cosmetic series, steroid series, and her personal products yielded a strong reaction to her mascara. Subsequent patch testing to the mascara components provided by the manufacturer revealed a severe reaction only to 5% black iron oxide. This black iron oxide was further tested in 10 normal controls with no reactions produced. There is only one previous report of eyelid ACD secondary to iron oxide that represents a rare cause of eyelid ACD.
The density distribution of a weakly interacting bose gas in an external potential

The Gross-Pitaevskii equations are generalized to finite temperatures by means of the self-consistent Hartree-Fock and Bogolyubov approximations that are derived through a variational principle for the optimal set of one-particle eigenstates. A number of sample density profiles are provided for spin-polarized atomic hydrogen when the external potential depends on thez coordinate only
Nature and Application of Particulate Matter Produced By Pulsed Laser Ablation

Particulates produced by 248 nm KrF excimer laser ablation were investigated in two systems: Nb-Al and Cr-Nb. Both systems contain intermetallics which are potentially useful high temperature materials. While the melting temperature of Nb is three times higher than that of Al, the melting temperature difference between Nb and Cr is less substantial. This work focuses on the effects of melting temperature difference between the terminal elements in binary alloy systems on the nature of the particulate matter formed by laser ablation. Transmission (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-rayanalysis (EDX), and optical image analysis were used to characterize the products. The particulate generation rate and the size distribution depend on various growth parameters. In both Nb-Al and Cr-Nb systems, the particulates are all enriched in Nb, with the smallest particulates richest in Nb. Single phase particulates containing barely detectable Al were found in Nb-Al system. In the Cr-Nb system, electron diffraction patterns indicate two types of particulates: one exhibiting a new metastable diamond cubic structure and the other being a two phase mixture of bcc Cr and bcc Nb. A plausible mechanism whereby the lower melting temperature element is depleted as well as the correlation of the particulate size and the overall composition of individual particulate will be discussed. Stoichiometric studies of the particulatesgenerated in the Nb-Al and Cr-Nb systems using the pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique help illustrate the merits and limitations of the same. One example of the potential applications of the particulate-containing films will be demonstrated.
Transformation of Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Neurospora crassa with adenine biosynthetic genes from Schizophyllum commune

Protoplasted basidiospores of two different adenine auxotrophs of the lignin-degrading basidiomycete Phanerochaete chrysosporium were transformed to prototrophy using plasmids containing genes encoding adenine biosynthetic enzymes from Schizophyllum commune. Fragments containing these genes were subcloned into pUC18 and P. chrysosporium transformants obtained with these subclones were analyzed. The subclones were mapped for restriction sites and the approximate locations of the complementing genes were determined. One of these plasmids was used to transform the Neurospora crassa auxotrophic strain ade2, thereby identifying the S. commune ade5 biosynthetic gene as encoding phosphoribosylaminoimidazole synthetase.
Scale Validity: A Computer Content Analysis Approach

This article presents a computer content analysis approach to the problem of assessing the validity of Likert scales used in survey research. The wording of questions that make up a scale communicates meaning to the respondent in order to acquire relevant responses that, when combined, serve to measure some concept. Traditionally, beyond informal judgments of face validity, investigators examine responses of a sample of subjects to scale questions in order to determine if expected relationships and structure are found. The content analysis procedure proposed here directly examines the wording of scale questions to see if expected meanings, relationships, and structure are found in order to assess the validity of a scale. Possibilities of this approach are illustrated using two previously analyzed sets of scales: alienation and perception of police and crime.
Two-dimensional correlation in cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance: A complementary tool to conventional techniques

Abstract Two new chemometric electrochemical techniques based on generalized two-dimensional correlation are tested and validated. Two-dimensional cyclic voltammetry (2DCV) involves synchronous and asynchronous correlations between two identical sets of cyclic voltammograms; while correlation electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (CEQCM) is a hybrid correlation between a set of charge vs . potential curves and a set of mass variation vs . potential curves. A model system with two Fe(III)/Fe(II) pairs is set up to evaluate the reliability and advantages of these two techniques. 2DCV analysis indicates that the charging of poly(vinyl ferrocene)/solution interface (non-faradic process) has a negative influence on the heterogeneous electron transfer (faradic process). CEQCM analysis clearly identifies which Fe(III)/Fe(II) pair is responsible for the mass variation of the poly(vinyl ferrocene) network. This is the first attempt that a two-dimensional correlation has been applied to electrochemical methods. We expect more electrochemical techniques will be expanded into two-dimensional analyses.
Antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody in renal disease

Abstract ANCA are an important marker for identifying pauci-immune necrotizing and crescentic glomerulonephritis and systemic vasculitis. Patients with ANCA-associated renal disease have a spectrum of illness ranging from renal-limited disease to widespread vasculitis, including the clinicopathologic syndromes of polyarteritis nodosa and Wegener's granulomatosis. ANCA may be directly involved in the pathogenesis of pauci-immune glomerulonephritis and necrotizing systemic vasculitis.
Introduction of sulfhydryl groups into proteins using acetylmercaptosuccinic anhydride.

Protected mercaptan groups may be introduced into a variety of proteins under very mild conditions with S-acetylmercaptosuccinic anhydride as reagent. The effects of pH, temperature, type of protein, and other variables on the extent of reaction are described. The protecting acetyl group may be removed and the free-SH generated with the aid of a nucleophilic reagent, hydroxylamine being particularly effective in this respect.
Monitoring and Optimizing Detergent Concentration For Membrane Protein Crystallization While Following Protein Homogeneity

Detergent concentration is critical to growing quality membrane protein crystals. Since the optimal detergent concentration lies just below the detergent phase boundary, the starting detergent concentration must be minimized for initial crystallization trials. However, the majority of Pure, Homogenous and Stable targets contain excessive levels of detergent micelles upon concentration using molecular weight cut-off filters. Size Exclusion Chromatography (SEC) and a Tetra Detector Array (refractometer, viscometer, light scattering, and UV detectors; TDA) are now being successfully utilized to monitor and optimize detergent concentration while assaying PDC homogeneity during purification and concentration for crystallization. In doing so, the oligomeric state, size, shape and the detergent:protein ratio of the Protein Detergent Complex (PDC) is measured.Five different membrane proteins using 3 different detergents (OG, DDM, and FC14) and 4 different methods will be presented where detergent was successfully minimized while maintaining PDC homogeneity. Methods utilized where ultra filtration (centrifugal and high-pressure molecular weight cut-off filters) plus SEC and dialysis, changing detergent isomer, Ni-NTA and ion exchange chromatography.Detergent micelle SEC retention volume, dn/dc, Rh, IV, mass and behavior on different molecular cut-off filters and formats are all being measured using TDA. As expected, there is a direct correlation of measured excess micelle concentration to crystal phase separation and diffraction quality. Unexpectedly, free micelles in the presence of PDCs tend to be highly retained on cut-off filters which would freely pass a pure detergent micelle system; therefore, when measuring whether a micelle is retained or passed through by specific molecular cut-off filters and formats, it must be measured using a PDC system and not just buffered detergent controls.
Immunologic studies on cutaneous lesions in sarcoidosis.

Abstract To gain some understanding of the pathogenesis of sarcoid granuloma, several investigators have examined the immunohistology of the cutaneous lesions. Two general types of experimental approaches have been taken. First, skin biopsies have been examined by direct immunofluorescence for the presence of immunoreactants. Biopsy specimens taken from skin lesions, Kveim skin reaction, and clinically uninvolved skin of sarcoid patients have been examined. Second, the cellular composition and the architecture of the cutaneous granuloma have been studied by cytoadherence of cellular reagents and by cytochemistry and, more recently, with monoclonal antibodies of defined specificity to lymphocytes and other mononuclear cell populations.
Chemical thermodynamics of polyaromatic compounds containing heteroatoms and five-membered rings

Abstract An analysis of chemical thermodynamic properties of gaseous polynuclear aromatic compounds containing N-, S-, and O-heteroatoms and five-membered rings is presented. Standard enthalpies of formation, entropies and heat capacities taken from the literature, or derived from appropriate data, serve as the data base for this analysis. Enthalpies of formation are used to compute empirical resonance energies for polynuclear heteroaromatic structures which, in turn, allow critical examination of this property. An additive method is described for estimating entropies and heat capacities. New or revised values for thermodynamic properties for a number of polyaromatic substances are presented and recommended values for some common polyaromatics are given.
Shear-Induced Augmentation of Oxygen Transfer in Blood

An experimental study was performed to determine the extent of shear-induced augmentation of oxygen diffusion in blood. The results were obtained using whole human blood in laminar flow through semipermeable membrane tubes. Transfer enchancement in whole blood was found to be dependent on the fluid shear rate and the hemoglobin saturation level. Very little agumentation was observed in saturated blood for shear rates up to 2500 s-1. However, with partially unsaturated blood, oxygen transfer was increased up to 250 percent at the higher shear rates. The implications for modeling oxygen transfer in blood are discussed.
The meaning of the -er suffix

Through the use of the PI release methodology, the study empirically tested a basic linguistic introspective assumption that the -er suffix is semantically processed as two independent morphemes. The linguistic hypothesis was validated, since shifting from comparative adjectives to agentive nouns, all ending with an -er suffix, or vice versa, resulted in significant PI release. Later, final free recall indicated that the release from PI was a long-term memory phenomenon.
Evolutionary Oddities in Old Disk Population Clusters

With a luminosity zero point fixed by the kinematics of old disk superclusters (HR 1614, t = 6 Gyr, [Fe/H] = +0.1 dex) and groups (Arcturus, t = 14 Gyr, [Fe/H] = -0.65 dex), the luminosities and colors of evolved old disk stars, especially red horizontal branch (RHB), early asymptotic branch [AGB(1)], thermally pulsing asymptotic giant branch [AGB(2)], and sdOB stars in old disk clusters (NGC 6791, 47 Tuc, M71, M67, Mel 66, NGC 2420, NGC 2204, and NGC 2443) are discussed. (1) The RHB stars in the old disk all have MV = +0.7 ± 0.1 (MK = -1.3 ± 0.1) mag. (2) Large-amplitude red variables (LARVs) with quasi-stable periods and light curves are old disk stars on AGB(2). (3) AGB(1) objects include CH stars and semiregular (SRa) variables. (4) The populous and overabundant cluster NGC 6791 may be the only disk cluster with sdOB stars, populating the lower portion of the bifurcated extended horizontal branch that is usual in most blue tailed and high-density halo clusters. (5) Post–red giant branch (RGB) stars in old disk clusters show a B - V (b - y) defect when compared with RGB stars, possibly because of a change in the character of the atmospheres. (6) If the bulk of the LARVs are pulsating in the fundamental mode, R Vir (P = 145 days) is possibly a first-overtone pulsator. (7) The overabundant old disk clusters are within the solar circle, with Liller 1 being at the Galactic center. (8) Several probable RHB stars at the south Galactic pole are identified. (9) The period-age relation, combined with the known spatial distribution of Galactic LARVs, leads to a relation between age and scale height of distribution that monotonically increases with age, leaving no obvious reason for a bifurcation of the population.
Effects of crack depth on elastic-plastic fracture toughness

Short crack test specimens (a/W ≪ 0.50) are frequently employed when conventional deep crack specimens are either inappropriate or impossible to obtain, for example, in testing of particular microstructures in weldments and in-service structures containing shallow surface flaws. Values of elastic-plastic fracture toughness, here characterized by the crack tip opening displacement (CTOD), are presented for square (cross-section) three-point bend specimens with a/W ratios of 0.15 and 0.50 throughout the lower-shelf and lower-transition regions. Three dimensional, finite-element analyses are employed to correlate the measured load and crack mouth opening displacement (CMOD) values to the corresponding CTOD values, thus eliminating a major source of experimental difficulty in previous studies of shallow crack specimens. In the lower-transition region, where extensive plasticity (but no ductile crack growth) precedes brittle fracture, critical CTOD values for short crack specimens are significantly larger (factor of 2–3) than the CTOD values for deep crack specimens at identical temperatures. Short crack specimens are shown to exhibit increased toughness at the initiation of ductile tearing and decreased brittle-to-ductile transition temperatures. Numerical analyses for the two a/W ratios reveal large differences in stress fields ahead of the crack tip at identical CTOD levels which verify the experimentally observed differences in critical CTOD values. Correlations of the predicted stresses with measured critical CTOD values demonstrate the limitations of single-parameter fracture mechanics (as currently developed) to characterize the response.
Promoting Ethical Consumption or Protecting Local Elites?Tensions in the US ‘Buy Local’ Movement

‘Buy local’ campaigns argue that patronage of local firms produces economic, social, and environmental benefits for the broader community, but critics charge that localism merely serves to protect ...
Silicon MOSFET distributed amplifier

The first reported integrated silicon MOSFET distributed amplifier is presented. A three stage distributed amplifier was fabricated on a standard 0.8 µm silicon CMOS foundry process and packaged in a SSO-24 plastic surface mount package. The required inductance needed for distributed amplification is realised by the parasitic inductance of the bond wires and lead frame inductance inside the plastic surface mount package. The distributed amplifier has a unity gain cutoff frequency of 4.7 GHz, a gain of 5 dB and an input referred third order intercept point of +15 dBm.
A PRELIMINARY PETROGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF CYPRIOT WHITE SLIP II WARE

Samples of Late Bronze Age White Slip II ware from Cyprus were analysed using optical and scanning electron microscopy in conjunction with energy and wavelength dispersive analysis. The slip has a novel granular nature and the coarser aggregates are impressed into the outer surface of the body, indicating that it was applied to a moist surface before the vessels were fired. It has a consistent mineral assemblage (Mg-chlorite + illite-smectite + sphene + anatase/rutile ± albite) which is very similar to that of hydrothermally altered zones associated with copper orebodies in the Troodos Massif which were mined in antiquity. Our analysis suggests that the raw material for the slip was not found at the ground surface, because the alteration assemblage is unaffected by oxidation and copper carbonate or iron staining. It may, therefore, be a by-product of sub-surface ore extraction.
Long‐term prose retention: Is an organizational schema sufficient?

In two experiments we examined the effects of schematic and proposition‐specific processing on long‐term (1 week) story memory. Subjects read a passage in which letters were deleted from the words contained in some of the idea units in the story, and subjects were instructed to adopt a particular perspective while reading the story. We assumed that the letter‐deletion task and the instructions to adopt a perspective would induce proposition‐specific and schema‐related processing, respectively. In Experiment 1, for both immediate and delayed tests, recall of idea units was found to be an additive function of an idea's importance to the encoding perspective and the letter deletion task. Recognition was also enhanced by the letter deletion task, but there were no differences as a function of idea unit importance. In Experiment 2, using a different story, a similar pattern emerged in delayed recall and recognition. These results suggest that both proposition‐specific and schema‐related processing are importan...
The accuracy of dynamic wedge dose computation in the ADAC Pinnacle RTP system.

Non-physical wedge is a modality that uses computer controlled jaw motion to generate wedge shaped dose distributions. There are Enhanced Dynamic Wedges (EDW) of the Varian accelerators and Virtual Wedges (VW) of the Siemens. Recently we have commissioned dynamic wedges on both Varian and Siemens accelerators. The beam data, acquired with Wellhofer chamber array and Sun Nuclear profiler, are used for the modeling in the ADAC Pinnacle system. As recommended by ADAC, only a limited number of beam data are measured and used for the beam modeling. Therefore, the dose distributions of dynamic wedges generated by Pinnacle have to be examined. Following the commissioning of the dynamic wedges, we use Pinnacle to generate a number of dose distributions with different energies, wedge angles, field sizes and depths. The computed data from Pinnacle are then compared with the measured data. The deviations of the output factor in all square and rectangular fields, are mostly within 2.0% for both EDW and VW. For asymmetric fields, the deviations are within 3 %. However, exceptions of more than 3 % differences have been found in a larger field and large wedge combinations. The precision of the beam profiles generated by Pinnacle is also evaluated. As a result of this investigation, we present a scope of QA test that is necessary to ensure an acceptable consistency between the delivered dose and the associated treatment plan when dynamic wedges are applied.
Inconsistent Stability of Newmark's Method in Structural Dynamics Applications

The stability of numerical time integrators, and of the physical systems to which they are applied, are normally studied independently. This conceals a very interesting phenomenon, here termed inconsistent stability, wherein a numerical time marching scheme predicts a stable response about an equilibrium configuration that is, in fact, unstable. In this paper, time integrator parameters leading to possible inconsistent stability are first found analytically for conservative systems (symmetric tangent stiffness matrices), then several structural arches with increasing complexity are used as numerical case studies. The intention of this work is to highlight the potential for this unexpected, and mostly unknown, behavior to researchers studying complex dynamical systems, especially through time marching of finite element models. To allow for direct interpretation of our results, the work is focused on the Newmark time integrator, which is commonly used in structural dynamics.
Comparison of the effects of antibody-coated liposomes, IVIG, and anti-RBC immunotherapy in a murine model of passive chronic immune thrombocytopenia

The present work evaluated antibody-coated liposomes as a new treatment strategy for immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) through the use of a mouse model of the disease. Effects of antimethotrexate antibody (AMI)–coated liposomes and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG)–coated liposomes (15, 30, 60 μmol lipid/kg) were compared with the effects of IVIG (0.4, 1, 2 g/kg) and anti–red blood cell (anti-RBC) monoclonal antibody immunotherapy (TER119, 5, 15, 25, and 50 μg/mouse) on MWReg30-induced thrombocytopenia. Each treatment was found to attenuate thrombocytopenia in a dose-dependent manner and, consistent with previous work, IVIG was found to increase antiplatelet antibody clearance in a dose-dependent manner. TER119 demonstrated greater effects on thrombocytopenia relative to other therapies (peak platelet counts: 224% ± 34% of initial platelet counts for 50 μg TER119/mouse versus 160% ± 34% for 2 g/kg IVIG, 88% ± 36% for 60 μmol lipid/kg AMI-coated liposomes, and 80% ± 25% for 60 μmol lipid/kg IVIG-coated liposomes). However, the effects of TER119 were associated with severe hemolysis, as TER119 decreased RBC counts by approximately 50%. The present work demonstrated that antibody-coated liposomes attenuated thrombocytopenia in this model at a much lower immunoglobulin dose than that required for IVIG effects and, in contrast with TER119, antibody-coated liposomes increased platelet counts without altering RBC counts.
Recent developments in optoelectronic device processing

Progress in the development of surface emitting distributed feedback lasers and arrays is reported. Single devices have been demonstrated with as much as eight percent net power efficiency, 250 mW cw output power, and 5,000 hours of reliable cw operation. Continuous wave operation of arrays has been demonstrated with as much as 3 waits of output power. We find that silicon microchannel heat sinks can achieve a much lower thermal resistance than predicted by an idealized analysis due to finite size effects and lateral heat flow in the heat sink package. Techniques for feeding in large electrical currents are discussed.
Progress toward synergistic hypermixing nozzles

Mean flow measurements were obtained for air-to-air mixing downstream of swept and unswept ramp wall mounted hypermixing nozzle configurations. Aside from the sweep of the ramps, the two nozzle configurations studied are identical. The nozzles inject three parallel supersonic jets at a 15 deg angle (relative to the wind tunnel wall) into a supersonic freestream. Mach number and volume fraction distributions in a transverse plane 11.1 nozzle heights downstream from the nozzle exit plane were measured. Data are presented for a freestream Mach number of three at a matched static pressure condition and also at underexpanded static pressure condition (pressure ratio = 5). Surface oil flow visualization was used to study the near wall flow behavior. The results indicate that the swept ramp injectors produce stronger and larger vortex pairs than the unswept ramp injectors. The increased interaction between the swept ramp model's larger vortex pairs yields better mixing characteristics for this model.
The Public Presentation of a Hybrid Science: Scientific and Technical Communication in “Iraq's Weapons of Mass Destruction: The Assessment of the British Government” (2002)

A recent British national intelligence-based Assessment (2002) illustrates how one government agency communicated science to serve its policy goals. This article analyzes some of the values that dr...
AUTOMATIC FLOW CALCULATION OF REGURGITANT JETS FROM VOLUME RENDERED THREE-DIMENSIONAL FLOW IMAGES: IN-VITRO STUDIES. 209

Three dimensional (3D) ultrasound flow imaging promises to provide true 3D depiction of regurgitant jets which can then be used to calculate regurgitant volume (RV). Methods: Steady (30 cc/sec - 100 cc/sec) and pulsatile(15 - 40 cc/beat) flows through orifices (0.2 - 1.8 cm2) were imaged using a Toshiba ultrasound scanner interfaced to a Tomtec 3D reconstruction system. 3D flow images were analyzed off-line by first calibrating the color Doppler velocity map to the 3D grey levels. Flow rate was computed by integration of all velocities over the cross-sectional slices of the distal 3D jet which allowed for true mean flows to be obtained with no velocity profile assumptions. Results: 3D calculated flow rates for steady flow correlated well with actual flows with overestimation (y = 3.64x - 0.42; r = 0.985; SEE = 0.51 L/min). 3D flow images of pulsatile flow could be also be used to automatically calculate instantaneous flow rates(Figure) Conclusions: 3D flow imaging of regurgitant jets promises to increase the accuracy of jet volume calculations. Automation of such flow calculations provides an effective and easy method to take advantage of the large amount of information provided by 3D flow imaging.
A multiple sample precipitator.

Abstract A simple and inexpensive device for the precipitation and the collection of precipitates from 25 liquid samples is described. Simultaneous collection onto a sheet of fiberglass paper takes about 10 sec. This device is not electrical, contains no moving parts, and requires only a water aspirator. As constructed the maximum sample volume is ca. 1 ml; there seems to be no minimum. The precipitator has been used with enzyme reactions but has been most useful in our laboratory in the analysis of the contents of centrifuge tubes fractionated by drop collection. A discussion of the relative merits of precipitation of macromolecules by hydrochloric and trichloracetic acids is also given.
A simple technique for the isolation of rabbit endocervical epithelium

A method is described for dissection of endocervical folds from adult rabbits, and subsequent collagenase dissociation of these folds, to yield both a single cell suspension (mostly stromal elements) and epithelial segments (retained on a monofilament mesh filter).
Structure and biosynthesis of toxins from blue-green algae (cyanobacteria)

Microcystis andNodularia species produce cyclic hepta- and pentapeptides, microcystins and nodularin, respectively, both containing the same unusual C20 amino acid, abbreviated Adda. Biosynthesis of nodularin fromNodularia and especially of Adda employs a pathway similar to that employed byMicrocystis for producting microcystins. Nearly 30 new microcystins have been isolated in our laboratory from cyanobacteria species and their structures assigned, largely employing tandem FAB mass spectrometry (FABMS/CID/MS). Acyclic peptides, some of them presumed precursors of nodularin and microcystins, have now been isolated and characterized. The numerous analogs identified or synthesized allow the identification of important parameters in a structure-activity relationship study.