cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A novel incoherent X-ray source using the inverse Compton scattering mechanism in a linear accelerator

Summary form only given, as follows. A classical theory to characterize inverse Compton scattering from a pulsed relativistic electron beam colliding head on with a high energy, pulsed, laser beam has been developed and will be presented. Agreement between classical and quantum mechanical theories will be demonstrated. Analytical expressions for the total and differential powers will be shown. Numerical studies are based on the parameters of an existing linear accelerator and existing high energy ruby and CO/sub 2/ lasers. The electron beam and photon beam profiles are pulsed along and gaussian perpendicular to the direction of motion. Numerical calculations show that the total power scattered from a single 30 MeV, 500 ps pulsed electron beam (3-10 nC) illuminated with a single 5 ns pulse of focused ruby or CO/sub 2/ photons (10 J) can generate enough X-ray photons to be detected with a sensitive Csl X-ray detector. The scattered power is distributed in a very narrow conical region in the back scattered direction. This distribution will be show and the properties of the windowless Csl X-ray detector will be presented. The tunable property of this VUV/X-ray source will be discussed. A comparison with other non-nuclear X-ray sources will be made.
Pseudologia fantastica: Forensic and clinical treatment implications

Pseudologia fantastica, also known as mythomania, or pathological lying, is a psychiatric phenomenon that is a mixture of fact and fiction involving fantasized events and self aggrandizing personal roles. It has been recognized in the field for over a century. In this case report we discuss three different cases, two of them presented in the acute inpatient setting and one outpatient setting. All three presented with the common theme of extensive and 'pathological lying' in a manner that was notably very destructive to them and posing significant challenges to the treatment team. In an attempt to shed light into some of the clinical and legal/forensic challenges it creates when faced in the clinical settings, we also raise the need for a better definition and classification of this symptom in the DSM.
Surgical treatment of biliary atresia with patent distal extra hepatic bile ducts: Is hepatic portocholecystostomy the right choice?

Purpose : To report the results of surgical treatment of biliary atresia with patent distal extra hepatic bile ducts (BA with PDEBD) with special reference to hepatic portocholecystostomy (HPC) operation. Materials and Methods : The study reviews records of children operated for BA with PDEBD. The type of operation, results of surgery, postoperative course and complications during follow-up are noted. Results : Five children (mean age 83 days) underwent surgery for biliary atresia with patent extra hepatic bile ducts. The diagnosis was confirmed by intraoperative cholangiography in each case. Three children underwent HPC and two had standard hepatic portoenterostomy (HPE) as HPC was not technically feasible. The operation was considered successful in three of five children (60%, two HPC and one HPE), partially successful in one. The mean follow-up was 22 months. None of the children with HPC had cholangitis at follow-up; one child with HPE had recurrent cholangitis. Conclusions : Biliary atresia (BA) with PDEBD may be a variant with a fair chance for surgical success. When feasible, HPC may be a good treatment option in this group with acceptable results and practically no risk of postoperative cholangitis.
ATP/GTP HYDROLYSIS IS REQUIRED FOR OXAZOLE AND THIAZOLE BIOSYNTHESIS IN THE PEPTIDE ANTIBIOTIC MICROCIN B17

In the maturation of the Escherichia coli antibiotic Microcin B17, the product of the mcbA gene is modified posttranslationally by the multimeric Microcin synthetase complex (composed of McbB, C, and D) to cyclize four Cys and four Ser residues to four thiazoles and four oxazoles, respectively. The purified synthetase shows an absolute requirement for ATP or GTP in peptide substrate heterocyclization, with GTP one-third as effective as ATP in initial rate studies. The ATPase/GTPase activity of the synthetase complex is conditional in that ADP or GDP formation requires the presence of substrate; noncyclizable versions of McbA bind to synthetase, but do not induce the NTPase activity. The stoichiometry of ATP hydrolysis and heterocycle formation is 5:1 for a substrate that contains two potential sites of modification. However, at high substrate concentrations (>50Km) heterocycle formation is inhibited, while ATPase activity occurs undiminished, consistent with uncoupling of NTP hydrolysis and heterocycle formation at high substrate concentrations. Sequence homology reveals that the McbD subunit has motifs reminiscent of the Walker B box in ATP utilizing enzymes and of motifs found in small G protein GTPases. Mutagenesis of three aspartates to alanine in these motifs (D132, D147, and D199) reduced Microcin B17 production in vivo and heterocycle formation in vitro, suggesting that the 45 kDa McbD has a regulated ATPase/GTPase domain in its N-terminal region necessary for peptide heterocyclization.
Personality and motivation: Sources of inefficiency in cognitive performance ☆

Abstract Impulsivity and anxiety are two dimensions of personality which have strong effects upon the efficiency of cognitive performance. The effects of these two variables depend upon characteristics of the task as well as upon four types of tradeoffs between psychological resources. Tasks may be characterized in terms of their relative requirements for sustained information transfer (SIT), short-term memory (STM), and long-term memory (LTM). Resource tradeoffs may be automatic, strategic, directional, or stylistic. Impulsivity effects on performance involve an automatic arousal-induced tradeoff between SIT and STM, strategic tradeoffs of speed for accuracy, and stylistic differences in persistence. Anxiety effects involve strategic, directional, and stylistic tradeoffs.
ARE GRAINS OF SAND IN THE WHEELS OF INTERNATIONAL FINANCE SUFFICIENT TO DO THE JOB WHEN BOULDERS ARE OFTEN REQUIRED

This paper criticises the effectiveness of a Tobin tax in acting as a deterrent to short-run round trip speculation on exchange rate movements. It is demonstrated that given the usual magnitude of a proposed Tobin tax, the deterrent to short-term speculation will be negligible and in all likelihood smaller than the deterrent to real trade flows and arbitrage activities. Finally, an alternative proposal for preventing currency speculations while creating incentives for global full employment, based on Keynes's 1940s writings, is proposed.
Variational energy derivatives and perturbation theory

In this note we discuss the variational forms of the energy derivatives and the method of obtaining them. We show that perturbation theory can be formulated in terms of stationary energy derivatives and that this formulation extends the idea of the Hylleraas functional to infinite order and excited states.
Effect of thyroxine on the thyroid-stimulating activity in the serum of rabbits immunized with thyroid tissue.

Twelve rabbits which had previously generated serum thyroid-stimulating activity in response to 2–3 courses of immunization with human thyroid microsomes were reimmunized, while 6 received injections of thyroxine (T4), 166 μg 3 times a week, and 6 saline. Thyroid- stimulating activity, estimated by the McKenzie assay, rose significantly in the serum of both groups after the experimental course of immunization, although the rise in the T4- treated group was less than that in the control group. The T4-treated rabbits exhibited marked suppression of 131I uptake, enormously elevated serum total and free T4 concentration and significant weight loss, indicating that the thyroidstimulating substance in serum was produced despite supranormal serum levels of thyroid hormone. The serum of 3 of the saline-treated rabbits had a supranormal free T4 concentration in the final post-immunization sample. It is concluded from this and prior studies that the thyroid- stimulating activity of immunized rabbit serum is in larg...
SAT Verbal-Math Discrepancies: Accurate indicators of College Learning Disability?

The validity of SAT Verbal-Mathematical discrepancies as indicators of college learning disability (LD) was assessed in four groups of LD students taking different test formats. Each group was compared to an unrestricted reference sample and to a sample of reference students matched on SAT total score (Verbal + Mathematical). These comparisons were carried out for two independent samples of LD students each taking a different form of the SAT. In no case did LD students evidence discrepancies larger than the reference group, suggesting little support for the use of these scores as indicators of college learning disability.
The eclectic paradigm as an envelope for economic and business theories of MNE activity

Abstract This paper updates some of the author's thinking on the eclectic paradigm of international production, and relates it to a number of mainstream, but context-specific economic and business theories. It suggests that by dynamizing the paradigm, and widening it to embrace asset-augmenting foreign direct investment and MNE, activity it may still claim to be the dominant paradigm explaining the extent and pattern of the foreign value added activities of firms in a globalizing, knowledge intensive and alliance based market economy.
Do men lie on fear surveys

The likelihood that males equivocate in their ratings of common fears was evaluated. A fear survey was given to 30 female and 26 male college students in a classroom setting. A second fear survey which contained duplicate items from the first was administered to the same students in a laboratory setting prior to watching videotaped scenes of fish, rats, mice and a shorter roller coaster ride. Before the second survey was given, the students received instructions which implied that their truthfulness could be independently evaluated through changes in their heart rate while they watched the videotape. Changes in the averaged fear ratings for the three high-fear items shown in the videotaped scenes were compared between males and females across the two survey conditions. Males' ratings of rats, mice, and roller coasters increased markedly from the first survey to the second, while fear ratings by females did not change. These results are consistent with the idea that the expression of fear by men is affected by conformation to the traditional male gender role.
Patterns of gene expression in atrophying skeletal muscles: response to food deprivation

During fasting and many systemic diseases, muscle undergoes rapid loss of protein and functional capacity. To define the transcriptional changes triggering muscle atrophy and energy conservation in fasting, we used cDNA microarrays to compare mRNAs from muscles of control and food-deprived mice. Expression of >94% of genes did not change, but interesting patterns emerged among genes that were differentially expressed: 1) mRNAs encoding polyubiquitin, ubiquitin extension proteins, and many (but not all) proteasome subunits increased, which presumably contributes to accelerated protein breakdown; 2) a dramatic increase in mRNA for the ubiquitin ligase, atrogin-1, but not most E3s; 3) a significant suppression of mRNA for myosin binding protein H (but not other myofibrillar proteins) and IGF binding protein 5, which may favor cell protein loss; 4) decreases in mRNAs for several glycolytic enzymes and phosphorylase kinase subunits, and dramatic increases in mRNAs for pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 and glutamine synthase, which should promote glucose sparing and gluconeogenesis. During fasting, metallothionein mRNA increased dramatically, mRNAs for extracellular matrix components fell, and mRNAs that may favor cap-independent mRNA translation rose. Significant changes occurred in mRNAs for many growth-related proteins and transcriptional regulators. These transcriptional changes indicate a complex adaptive program that should favor protein degradation and suppress glucose oxidation in muscle. Similar analysis of muscles atrophying for other causes is allowing us to identify a set of atrophy-specific changes in gene expression.
Interpersonal Perception in Internet Chat Rooms

Accurate personality judgments are important for successful interpersonal interactions. Because millions of people use the Internet everyday to create and maintain interpersonal relationships, the current study investigated interpersonal perception in Internet chat rooms. Participants were 156 undergraduate students who interacted in chat rooms for 15 min either one-on-one or in groups of six. Using the Social Relations Model (Kenny, 1994), it was found that in one-on-one interactions, judges were able to achieve consensus for the targets' traits of extraversion, agreeableness, and openness. For extraversion and openness, this agreement corresponded with targets' self-perceptions. Unlike research using face-to-face interactions, consensus was highest and assimilation was lowest when participants interacted one-on-one. Judges in group interactions tended to like the targets less and viewed them less favorably across all personality traits than did judges in one-on-one interactions. Targets' self-reported personality had little predictive power in determining who was liked in Internet chat rooms. However, targets' prior chat room experience was consistently found to be a moderate predictor of likability.
Many LINE1 elements contribute to the transcriptome of human somatic cells

While LINE1 (L1) retroelements comprise nearly 20% of the human genome, the majority are thought to have been rendered transcriptionally inactive, due to either mutation or epigenetic suppression. How many L1 elements 'escape' these forms of repression and contribute to the transcriptome of human somatic cells? We have cloned out expressed sequence tags corresponding to the 5' and 3' flanks of L1 elements in order to characterize the population of elements that are being actively transcribed. We also examined expression of a select number of elements in different individuals. We isolated expressed sequence tags from human lymphoblastoid cell lines corresponding to 692 distinct L1 element sites, including 410 full-length elements. Four of the expression tagged sites corresponding to full-length elements from the human specific L1Hs subfamily were examined in European-American individuals and found to be differentially expressed in different family members. A large number of different L1 element sites are expressed in human somatic tissues, and this expression varies among different individuals. Paradoxically, few elements were tagged at high frequency, indicating that the majority of expressed L1s are transcribed at low levels. Based on our preliminary expression studies of a limited number of elements in a single family, we predict a significant degree of inter-individual transcript-level polymorphism in this class of sequence.
Effect of darapladib on major coronary events after an acute coronary syndrome: the SOLID-TIMI 52 randomized clinical trial.

hazard ratio [HR], 1.00 [95% CI, 0.91-1.09]; P = .93). The composite of cardiovascular death, MI, or stroke occurred in 824 in the darapladib group and 838 in the placebo group (15.0% vs 15.0% at 3 years; HR, 0.99 [95% CI, 0.90-1.09]; P = .78). There were no differences between the treatment groups for additional secondary end points, for individual components of the primary end point, or in all-cause mortality (371 events in the darapladib group and 395 in the placebo group [7.3% vs 7.1% at 3 years; HR, 0.94 [95% CI, 0.82-1.08]; P = .40). Patients were more likely to report an odor-related concern in the darapladib group vs the placebo group (11.5% vs 2.5%) and also more likely to report diarrhea (10.6% vs 5.6%).
Toddlers’ Unintentional Injuries: The Role of Maternal-Reported Paternal and Maternal Supervision

Research indicates that mothers' supervision protects children from injuries. However, little research has examined the role of fathers' supervision in children's injuries. OBJECTIVES: This study compared the role of maternal and paternal supervision in children's injury risk and severity using maternal reports. METHODS: Mothers (n = 170) of toddlers were interviewed for 6 months about their children's unintentional injuries. RESULTS: Children were more likely to engage in high activity levels and were at higher risk for injury when being cared for by their fathers. Although higher supervision predicted lower injury risk for both mothers and fathers, fathers' close supervision (as reported by mothers) was a stronger predictor of injury risk than mothers' supervision. CONCLUSION: Children's higher levels of activities may have accounted for their higher risk of injury when in their fathers' care. These findings indicate the need to include fathers in injury prevention efforts. Language: en
PS26. Frailty Increases Risk of Mortality After Elective Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA) Repair Independent of Age and Comorbidity Status

Frailty Increases Risk of Mortality After Elective Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA) Repair Independent of Age and Comorbidity Status Sung I. Kim, Yazan Duwayri, Luke P. Brewster, Ravi Veeraswamy, Atef Salam, Thomas Dodson, Shipra Arya. Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, Ga; Emory University School of Medicine Division of Vascular Surgery, Atlanta, Ga; Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, Ga
A 16-GHz linear analog heterodyne RF optical link employing a WIRNA receiver

We demonstrate a 16-GHz analog heterodyne optical link operating at 1.55-/spl mu/m wavelength with a noise figure of (40/spl plusmn/1) dB and spurious-free dynamic range of (108/spl plusmn/2) dB /spl middot/ Hz/sup 2/3/. The wide-band rectifier narrow-band amplifier receiver architecture is employed with improvements over previous work to minimize the number of components in the link. The link performance is compared with that of an intensity modulated direct detection link. We show that further improvements in noise figure can be realized using balanced photodetector receivers. To our knowledge, this is the highest reported bandwidth of a linear analog optical link reported to date, and shows the advantages of employing heterodyne versus direct detection for such applications.
Role of Molecular Oscillations in Generating Behavioral Rhythms in Drosophila

Circadian oscillations of clock gene products are thought to provide time-of-day signals that drive overt rhythms. In Drosophila, RNA and protein levels of the period and timeless genes oscillate and the proteins autoregulate their transcription. To test the relevance of these oscillations, we expressed period and timeless under control of constitutively active promoters. Constitutive expression of either RNA supported protein cycling and behavioral rhythms in the respective null mutant, although constitutive timeless was less effective than constitutive period. Constitutive expression of both genes restored behavioral rhythms that showed deficits in photic resetting and drove cyclic expression of the clock-controlled RNA, vrille. Overexpression of either period or timeless, but especially timeless, attenuated behavioral rhythmicity and protein cycling in lateral neurons. We propose that the two proteins must cycle to drive rhythmic expression of downstream genes.
Thermal and tangential-momentum accommodation coefficients for N/sub 2/ colliding with surfaces of relevance to disk-drive air bearings derived from molecular beam scattering

Molecular beam scattering techniques have been used to probe the dynamics of energy transfer for N/sub 2/ colliding with various surfaces of relevance to the disk-drive air bearing. These surfaces include bare and lubricated sputtered carbon films and a lubricated Pt(111) surface, as well as sections of a glass disk used in fly-height testing and of an actual 3.5 in disk. In each case, velocity distributions have been obtained for a wide range of scattering angles for different energies and angles of the incident N/sub 2/. These distributions have been analyzed to yield effective thermal and tangential momentum accommodation coefficients. Analysis indicates that N/sub 2/ is essentially fully accommodated at the test surfaces for energies characteristic of room temperature gas, with accommodation coefficients close to unity. One important exception is the case of scattering from sputtered carbon films, where the tangential momentum accommodation coefficient appears to exceed unity. A simple model is described to account for this behavior. In this model, a stream of molecules directed at a rough surface at non-normal incidence cannot strike parts of the surface in the shadow of high points. In the absence of diffusion, desorption then occurs preferentially from regions of the surface facing the incident stream, leading to net back-scattering.
Randomized clinical trial of intrapartum clindamycin cream for reduction of group B streptococcal maternal and neonatal colonization.

Objective: In a randomized trial, we sought to determine whether 2% clindamycin cream administered intravaginally during labor to group B streptococcal-colonized pregnant women without risk factors would decrease maternal and neonatal colonization.
Transcriptomics of shading-induced and NAA-induced abscission in apple (Malus domestica) reveals a shared pathway involving reduced photosynthesis, alterations in carbohydrate transport and signaling and hormone crosstalk

Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), a synthetic auxin analogue, is widely used as an effective thinner in apple orchards. When applied shortly after fruit set, some fruit abscise leading to improved fruit size and quality. However, the thinning results of NAA are inconsistent and difficult to predict, sometimes leading to excess fruit drop or insufficient thinning which are costly to growers. This unpredictability reflects our incomplete understanding of the mode of action of NAA in promoting fruit abscission. Here we compared NAA-induced fruit drop with that caused by shading via gene expression profiling performed on the fruit abscission zone (FAZ), sampled 1, 3, and 5 d after treatment. More than 700 genes with significant changes in transcript abundance were identified from NAA-treated FAZ. Combining results from both treatments, we found that genes associated with photosynthesis, cell cycle and membrane/cellular trafficking were downregulated. On the other hand, there was up-regulation of genes related to ABA, ethylene biosynthesis and signaling, cell wall degradation and programmed cell death. While the differentially expressed gene sets for NAA and shading treatments shared only 25% identity, NAA and shading showed substantial similarity with respect to the classes of genes identified. Specifically, photosynthesis, carbon utilization, ABA and ethylene pathways were affected in both NAA- and shading-induced young fruit abscission. Moreover, we found that NAA, similar to shading, directly interfered with leaf photosynthesis by repressing photosystem II (PSII) efficiency within 10 minutes of treatment, suggesting that NAA and shading induced some of the same early responses due to reduced photosynthesis, which concurred with changes in hormone signaling pathways and triggered fruit abscission. This study provides an extensive transcriptome study and a good platform for further investigation of possible regulatory genes involved in the induction of young fruit abscission in apple, which will enable us to better understand the mechanism of fruit thinning and facilitate the selection of potential chemicals for the thinning programs in apple.
Implementation aspects of convolvers using non-binary arithmetic

The authors consider implementation aspects of convolutions using number theoretic transform techniques and nonbinary arithmetic. The main motivation is to relax the restrictions imposed by the well-known Mersenne number transforms (MNTs) and the Fermat number transforms (FNTs). These restrictions were the limited transformation length and lack of flexibility in choosing the modulus used for the arithmetic. Transforms are presented using arithmetic modulo M with M=r/sup t/+or-c. This way, higher transformation lengths are obtained and higher flexibility in choosing the modulus M is achieved. The new transforms rely on scalings by powers of r and in order to efficiently perform these scalings radix-r arithmetic is used (with r>2). Then, such scalings become simple shifts and rotates in the radix-r system. >
Source Coding With Limited-Look-Ahead Side Information at the Decoder

We characterize the rate distortion function for the source coding with decoder side information setting when the ith reconstruction symbol is allowed to depend only on the first i+lscr side information symbols, for some finite look-ahead lscr, in addition to the index from the encoder. For the case of causal side information, i.e., lscr=0, we find that the penalty of causality is the omission of the subtracted mutual information term in the Wyner-Ziv rate distortion function. For lscr>0, we derive a computable "infinite-letter" expression for the rate distortion function. When specialized to the near-lossless case, our results characterize the best achievable rate for the Slepian-Wolf source coding problem with finite side information looka-head, and have some surprising implications. We find that side information is useless for any fixed lscr when the joint probability mass function (PMF) of the source and side information satisfies the positivity condition P(x,y)>0 for all (x,y). More generally, the optimal rate depends on the distribution of the pair X,Y only through the distribution of X and the bipartite graph whose edges represent the pairs x,y for which P(x,y)>0. On the other hand, if side information look-ahead is allowed to grow faster than logarithmic in the block length, then H(X|Y) is achievable. Finally, we apply our approach to derive a computable expression for channel capacity when state information is available at the encoder with limited look-ahead.
VARIATION IN REPRODUCTIVE PATTERNS OF ANTELOPE GROUND SQUIRRELS, AMMOSPERMOPHILUS LEUCURUS, FROM OREGON TO BAJA CALIFORNIA

Abstract Clines of biological variation result from variation in physical environmental conditions. We report new reproductive data for a population of antelope ground squirrels, Ammospermophilus leucurus, at the northern geographic limit of this species. We then analyze reproductive patterns at 3 sites spanning the entire north–south extent of the geographic range, covering more than 2,500 km and 21 degrees of latitude. The overall breeding season of populations is relatively short in Oregon (42°N) and California (37°N), but in Baja California (24°N) it encompasses half a year. Mean litter size decreases significantly from north to south, from 9.3 (SD = 1.8) per litter in Oregon to 5.9 (SD = 1.5) in Baja California. Major shifts in seasonality of precipitation and ecosystem composition and diversity are associated with longer breeding season and lower litter size at the southern geographic extreme of A. leucurus. The environmental predictability for the northern populations is due to “constancy,” whereas...
Buckling and initial postbuckling behavior of sandwich beams including transverse shear

An asymptotic solution is presented for the buckling and initial postbuckling behavior of sandwich beams. The effect of transverse shear is included, and the shear correction is calculated from energy equivalency. The asymptotic procedure is based on the nonlinear beam equation (with transverse shear included), and closed-form solutions are derived for the critical load and for the load and midpoint deflection and axial shortening vs applied compressive load during the initial postbuckling phase. Illustrative results are presented for a few typical sandwich construction configurations, in particular, with regard to the effect of face sheet and core material system.
Interleaved Boost Converter With Intrinsic Voltage-Doubler Characteristic for Universal-Line PFC Front End

A novel, two-inductor, interleaved power-factor-corrected (PFC) boost converter, that exhibits voltage-doubler characteristic when it operates with a duty cycle greater than 0.5 is introduced. The voltage-doubler characteristic of the proposed converter makes it quite suitable for universal-line (90-264 VRMS) PFC applications. Because the proposed PFC boost rectifier operates as a voltage doubler at low line, its low-line range efficiency is greatly improved compared to that of its conventional counterpart. The performance of the proposed PFC rectifier was evaluated on an experimental 1.3-kW universal-line PFC prototype.
Manifold subbotin spline

The Subbotin quadratic spline is considered and is extended to the spline-on-spline case, which can be employed to approximate the derivatives y^(^r^), r =1, 2, 3.
Neonatal Estradiol Stimulation Prevents Epilepsy in Arx Model of X-Linked Infantile Spasms Syndrome

Infantile spasms are a catastrophic form of pediatric epilepsy with inadequate treatment. In patients, mutation of ARX, a transcription factor selectively expressed in neuronal precursors and adult inhibitory interneurons, impairs cell migration and causes a major inherited subtype of the disease X-linked infantile spasms syndrome. Using an animal model, the Arx(GCG)10+7 mouse, we determined that brief estradiol (E2) administration during early postnatal development prevented spasms in infancy and seizures in adult mutants. E2 was ineffective when delivered after puberty or 30 days after birth. Early E2 treatment altered mRNA levels of three downstream targets of Arx (Shox2, Ebf3, and Lgi1) and restored depleted interneuron populations without increasing GABAergic synaptic density. Postnatal E2 treatment may induce lasting transcriptional changes that lead to enduring disease modification and could potentially serve as a therapy for inherited interneuronopathies.
Stochastic Modeling Study for Competitive Web Services Market

In our earlier work, competitive Web services market was proposed to address one of the major business concerns, namely "competitiveness", of the current Web services research. This paper aims to attack the issues of how to model and analyze competitive Web services market, which ranges from the service node at the micro level to the competitive composite service providers at the macro level. Moreover, in order to tackle and contain the randomness embedded in a Web services system, we apply the Markov chain theory to analyze the availability of Web services market. Moreover, we analyze the stochastic performance of the Web services market using queuing theory and propose the adaptive control methodology to improve the performance.
PAIRED COMPARISON EVALUATIONS OF MANAGERIAL EFFECTIVENESS BY PEERS AND SUPERVISORS

Paired comparison evaluations were solicited for a relatively small group (N= 20) of savings and loan association branch managers. Peer evaluations were obtained from 16 of these managers; supervisory evaluations were obtained from 4 officers. Inter-judge agreement (both within and between groups) was high. Further, this agreement extended beyond the derived paired comparison score to certain independently measured psychological characteristics of the persons evaluated. The peer-generated evaluations assisted the officers in making acceptable promotional decisions. In addition, discussion by the 4 officers of differences between their independently made evaluations made explicit a previously covert but potentially important difference in perspective about the determinants of managerial effectiveness. Ratings assigned by one officer reflected his implicitly heavy weight to human relations skill as a component of branch manager effectiveness; those assigned by the other 3 tended to give more weight to knowledge about financial matters related to the savings and loan industry.
Abstract 3346: The ketone body β-hydroxybutyrate increases radiosensitivity in glioma cell lines in vitro

Glioblastoma (GB) is the most common and aggressive primary malignant brain tumor. Despite aggressive treatment, including maximum surgical resection followed by both chemotherapy and radiotherapy, median survival for patients remains at approximately 1.5 years after diagnosis. Recent preclinical studies examining the potential of the ketogenic diet (KD) as an adjuvant therapy for the treatment of malignant gliomas demonstrated that animals fed a KD and treated with chemotherapy or radiation survived significantly longer than those treated with chemotherapy or radiation and fed a standard diet. One of the key results of the KD is an increase in the blood level of the ketone body β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB). To more fully examine the mechanism through which the KD potentiates radiation, we examined the potential of BHB to increase radiosensitivity in mouse glioma cells in vitro. Plating cells in 10mM BHB followed by treatment for 2 weeks following radiation prevented colony formation in both the control and the radiation groups. We therefore assessed the effect of pretreatment with 5mM or 10mM BHB alone prior to radiation with 4 Gy. A statistically significant change in survival was observed when cultures were pre-treated with 10mM BHB for 24 hours prior to irradiation but not with 5mM BHB. However, significant changes in clonogenic survival were observed with a dose of 5mM BHB when cells were treated for 7 days post irradiation, starting 24 hours after irradiation. The effect of BHB on cell growth was then assessed using live cell counts. Both 5mM and 10mM BHB were effective in significantly reducing the cell number by 192 hours post plating. Growth was similarly affected by 10mM BHB or 2 Gy of radiation alone; however, when 10mM BHB was added to 2 Gy of radiation there was a very strong potentiating effect. These data suggest that BHB is an effective radiosensitizer for mouse glioma cells when used alone. In addition, they provide evidence that the extended survival seen in our in vivo mouse model of glioma when radiation is used in addition to the ketogenic diet may be modulated, to a large extent, by blood ketone levels. Whether this is due to differences in radiation-induced DNA damage, DNA repair or changes in the growth rate of the tumor cells is currently under investigation. Citation Format: Alex P. Rossi, Eric C. Woolf, Kenneth S. Brooks, Marshall J. Fairres, Adrienne C. Scheck. The ketone body β-hydroxybutyrate increases radiosensitivity in glioma cell lines in vitro. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 3346. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-3346
New catalytic route for the synthesis of an optically active tetralone-derived amine for rotigotine

Abstract Rotigotine is a launched drug for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease and restless legs syndrome. The key steps of an alternative route for the synthesis of rotigotine have been demonstrated. Formation of a prochiral enamide, asymmetric hydrogenation of the enamide with high enantioselectivity, and reduction of the resulting amide to an amine have been proved to work successfully. The best conditions screened to date for the asymmetric hydrogenation of enamide 9 to amide 10 were with [(RuCl(( R )-T-BINAP)) 2 (μ-Cl) 3 ][NH 2 Me 2 ] at 25 bar H 2 and 30 °C (500:1 S/C ratio, 99% conversion, 91% ee S ). Reduction of amide 10 to amine 5 was best achieved with Red-Al giving 95% conversion.
Stevens, R.A.V., and Animal Cruelty Speech: Why Congress’ New Statute Remains Constitutionally Problematic

The constitutionality of restrictions on speech depicting actual cruelty to animals is a question that continues to divide courts and commentators. In U.S. v. Stevens, the Supreme Court struck down a 1999 ban on depictions of animal cruelty. The Court invalidated the ban on its face because, as written, the statute extended beyond acts of actual animal cruelty to other forms of unlawful animal harm, such as hunting out of season. Thus, the Court did not resolve the core question presented.Congress responded by drafting a new statute, one narrowed to “crush” videos — obscene depictions of animal cruelty — in an effort to avoid constitutional problems. This new statute, however, continues to raise constitutional and public policy concerns — despite its recent upholding in the Fifth Circuit in United States v. Richards.This article is the first to analyze the constitutional and public policy issues presented by Congress’s new animal cruelty speech regulation. This article contends that the modified statute is poor public policy and remains constitutionally problematic. First, as a policy matter, the statute is ineffective because it fails to criminalize the most widespread and troubling form of animal cruelty speech: animal fighting videos. Second, the statute’s overly narrow reach — limited to obscene depictions of animal cruelty — in fact increases its constitutional problems by triggering the “virulence” doctrine first articulated in R.A.V. Since courts are unlikely to view obscene depictions of animal cruelty as virulently “prurient” obscenity, as opposed to the kind of “morbidly” violent speech entitled to the protections of strict scrutiny as established in Brown, the statute will likely be invalidated.The article concludes with an exploration of possible new legislation, which could effectively prevent animal cruelty, while also preserving free speech rights.
GIRK channel-mediated inhibition of melanin-concentrating hormone neurons by nociceptin/orphanin FQ

Targeting the melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) system has been suggested as a potential treatment for obesity, anxiety disorders, as well as addiction. Despite the therapeutic potential of MCH a...
Pollution Flow from a Pit Latrine when Permeable Soils of Considerable Depth Exist below the Pit

Further data on the outflow of sewage products from a latrine under conditions differing radically from those existing at the experimental area of previous studies112 are brought forward in this paper, which presents aspects of an investigation of a pit privy penetrating into ground water to a depth considerably above the impervious stratum underlying the surface zone of saturation. An important principle of pollution flow not hitherto developed was thereby revealed in the study.
Revealing anisotropic properties of cornea at different intraocular pressures using optical coherence elastography

In this study we have evaluated the elastic anisotropy of porcine corneas with increasing intraocular pressures (IOPs) using a noncontact optical coherence elastography (OCE) technique. A focused air-pulse induced low amplitude (≤10 μm) elastic waves in fresh porcine corneas (n=9) in situ in the whole eye-globe configuration. A phase-stabilized swept source optical coherence elastography (PhS-SSOCE) system imaged the propagation of the elastic wave in different stepped radial directions. A closed-loop feedback system was utilized to artificially manipulate the IOP, and OCE measurements were repeated while the IOP was increased in 5 mmHg increments from 15 to 30 mmHg. The OCE measurements demonstrated that the elastic anisotropy of the cornea became more pronounced at higher IOPs, and that there were distinct radial angles of higher and lower stiffness. The presented noncontact OCE method was capable of detecting and assessing the corneal elastic anisotropy as a function of IOP. Due to the noninvasive nature and small amplitude of the elastic wave, this method may be able to provide additional information about corneal health and integrity in vivo.
Dwight Hillis Wilson, 1909-1962

IT was my good fortune to share with Dwight Wilson an archival experience that he himself may have regarded as the most stimulating of his career. Our work in Caserta and Rome after World War II as members of the Allied Force Records Administration involved us and indeed all our staff in matters not usually of concern to American archivists. I recall very well, for instance, Dwight's courageous and forthright manner in many conferences—attended by representatives of the American and British diplomatic missions in Rome—at which, in the course of reaching agreements concerning the wartime military records jointly owned by the Allies, we occasionally found it necessary to remind the conferees of some basic archival principles. Dwight always held his own—no mean feat for any archivist under such circumstances but, if I may say so, a remarkable one for an American Negro confronting what may have seemed to him to be a devious politico-military cabal.
A simple, physically motivated model of sea-level contributions from the Greenland ice sheet in response to temperature changes

Sea level could rise by several meters over the next centuries. The Greenland ice sheet could be an important contributor to future sea-level rise, because of its large volume and its high sensitivity to surface air temperature increases. Frameworks for the integrated climate risk management often require fast, simplified treatments of sea-level rise, in particular for estimating the risks associated with low probabilities but potentially high impacts. State-of-the-art ice sheet models provide important insights, but are often computationally too demanding to evaluate tail-area risks. Here we present SIMPLE, a physically motivated model of the Greenland ice sheet in response to temperature changes. SIMPLE can skillfully reproduce the results from a three-dimensional ice sheet model and outperforms existing simple models, after similar calibration. We anticipate that SIMPLE will be calibrated to other ice sheet models and can provide a fast approximation (emulator) for such models in studies that require many model evaluations. SIMPLE is a fast physically motivated model of the Greenland ice sheet.It provides fast approximations in studies that require many model evaluations.It skillfully reproduces 3D ice sheet model simulations over a wide range of forcings.SIMPLE outperforms existing simplified representations, after similar calibration.
Cardiovascular effects of antidepressants. Avoiding cardiotoxicity in the elderly.

PreviewAging causes many physiologic changes that affect drug tolerance, and usual adult doses of antidepressants may result in excessively high serum levels in elderly patients. Because depression and cardiovascular disease often must be treated simultaneously in the elderly, Dr Davenport stresses the importance of understanding the potential side effects of various antidepressants on the aging cardiovascular system.
Evaluation of Novel Liner Concepts for Fan and Airframe Noise Reduction

This paper presents a review of four novel liner concepts: soft vanes, over-the-rotor liners, external liners, and flap side-edge liners. A number of similarities in the design and evaluation of these concepts emerged during these investigations. Since these were the first attempts to study these particular liner concepts, there was limited information to guide the design process. In all cases, the target frequencies (or frequency range) were known, but the optimum acoustic impedance and optimum liner placement were typically not known. For these cases, the maximum available surface was used and a c-impedance was targeted based on the assumption the sound field impinges on the surface at normal incidence. This choice proved fruitful for every application. An impedance prediction model was used to design variable-depth liner configurations, and a graphical design code (ILIAD) was developed to aid in this process. The ability to build increasingly complex liner configurations via additive manufacturing was key, such that multiple designs could quickly be tested in a normal incidence impedance tube. The Two-Thickness Method was used to evaluate available bulk materials, such that bulk liners could also be considered for each application. These novel liner concepts provide sufficient noise reduction to warrant further investigations.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Hyperthermia in the Postanesthesia Care Unit

Summary The challenge of the PACU is provided by unexpected events, which require immediate action by the anesthesiologist. Hyperthermia is one such event. Because of its nonspecific nature and the many possible underlying etiologies, one must be an astute diagnostician to determine its correct cause. The responsible physician must utilize appropriate monitoring devices to aid in diagnosis and management. The necessary drugs, equipment, and personnel must be available in the PACU to handle a crisis. Since postoperative hyperthermia creates additional demands on the cardiovascular and respiratory systems during a period of diminished reserve, it is imperative that aggressive treatment be undertaken.
The Digital Swish of Gay Identity

In contemporary vernacular, things that are too feminine are “gay” (meaning “stupid”), especially when they are performed or tried on by someone of the male sex. From children to adults, males are encouraged away from feminine, that is, “gay” gestures, pastimes, mannerisms, colors, ways of being in the world. To be gay is defined as a feminine male, flamboyantly prancing about in sparkles and pink, speaking in a high voice with lots of limp-wristed hand gestures, and preoccupied with beauty aesthetics. A fifty-something gay male, working at an upscale New York City restaurant as a server, was recently told by management that he needed to use his hands less when he talked. A kindergarten teacher tells me of a 5-year-old who, in the context of a school play, makes a point of grimacing and avoiding a Snow White costume when rambling through a clothes trunk because to brush against something marked as feminine would jeopardize his own masculinity. One of my college students, when presenting on the Barbie beauty aesthetic with a female friend, made a point of reiterating how he did not even touch the Barbies featured in his PowerPoint. My 6-year-old tells me when writing a poem in his First Grade classroom, his teacher had him change the word “gay” (meaning “happy” in the context of the poem) to a less fraught word because, “the teacher said ‘gay’ means stupid.” A young gay man confided to me after class that he doesn’t really like home decor and decorating, but once he came out to his female friends, they assumed it was one of his main interests. These are all examples of the entrenched messages that permeate our culture regarding femininity and gay identity. All things feminine are gay; gay is stupid; feminine is stupid; females are stupid; males who act like females are stupid. The syllogism of the patriarchy bears down on gender and sexuality, specifically and oppressively in relation to feminine gender and male biology: the two should never meet and if they do, no good can come.
Inferences of African evolutionary history from genomic data.

Africa is the origin of anatomically modern humans and a continent of linguistic, cultural, environmental, phenotypic, and genetic diversity. However, African populations remain underrepresented in genetic studies, which have largely focused on individuals with European and Asian ancestry. The expansion of high-throughput ‘omic’ technologies to interrogate multiple tissue types across many biomolecules — DNA, proteins, epigenetic modifications, metabolites, and others — has heralded a new era of investigation into African history. In this review, we summarize how some of these recent advances have been applied to contemporary sub-Saharan African populations to inform studies on human origins and adaptation.
Whatever happened to Linnett double-quartet (LDQ) theory?

Abstract This paper discuss one recent episode in the history of chemistry which currently has received little attention in the scientific realism debate: the rise and “apparent” fall of an approximate model of the chemical bond known as Linnett double-quartet theory. In 1961 Linnett published a paper in the Journal of the American Chemical Society entitled “A Modification of the Lewis-Langmuir Octet Rule” in which he suggested certain changes in G. N. Lewis's original views on the role of the electron pair in covalent bond formation based on an explicit consideration of the effects of electron spin – a property of the electron unknown to Lewis in 1916. Although his theory produced outstanding predictions, it is now forgotten.