cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Living everyday lies: the experience of self

Lying is a ubiquitous feature of everyday social convention and also permeates the intimate bonds of romantic and family life. This article reviews the research literature on the gender-based motivations for lying and the contexts in which it occurs, along with relevant psychoanalytic perspectives, which help to explain how lying is related to one’s experience of self. Emphasis will be placed on contemporary psychoanalytic formulations, which emphasize the subjective nature of truth and the multiplicity of self-experience. A case illustration is offered to demonstrate the applicability and complementarity of various viewpoints on the topic.
N -acetyltransferase activity responds to environmental lighting in the eye as well as in the pineal gland

N-acetyltransferase (NAT), which converts serotonin to N-acetylserotonin, is widely distributed in the vertebrate body1,2. In the pineal gland, however, NAT activity shows circadian changes which respond to environmental lighting both in vivo and in vitro3,4. NAT is responsible for rhythmic production of the pineal hormone melatonin, which functions in body colour changes6, photoperiodic control of reproduction7,8, and behavioural circadian rhythms9,10. The rhythmic changes in NAT have so far been thought unique to the pineal gland. Here we report data for ocular NAT showing a change in a daily light–dark cycle and modification by environmental lighting. The finding of light modified NAT in the eye is significant because it may explain the failure of some investigators11 to find effects of pinealectomy and it may also explain the occurrence of rhythmic melatonin in the blood of some species after pinealectomy12–14. The prerequisites for the production of melatonin exist in the eye as well as in the pineal gland: serotonin15, hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase activity16 and N-acetylindole17 are present. Furthermore, labelled serotonin is converted to melatonin by the retina in vitro18. Our finding of NAT and its modification by light and dark completes the argument for ocular capacity for melatonin production in a cyclic manner modified by environmental lighting.
Devices for Monitoring Heparin and Protamine in the Operating Room

Ongoing monitoring of heparin anticoagulation is an essential component of many cardiothoracic and vascular surgical procedures in order to prevent significant thrombotic and hemorrhagic complications. The classic test to assess high-dose (>1 unitlmL) heparin anticoagulation is the activated clotting time. Although simple to perform, the activated clotting time has many variations and can be affected by a number of nonanalytical and patient-related factors. Correlation with the heparin concentration may be poor. Alternatively, other test systems assess the individual patient's responsiveness to heparin in order to customize the heparin administration and subsequent protamine neutralization. The choice of test and system depends on the clinical application and the desired outcome. Regulatory and accreditation standards govern this type of testing; modern instrumentation can facilitate compliance with these standards. Understanding of the nature of the test and its performance under a variety of conditions ...
Use of toxic equivalency factors for risk assessment for dioxins and related compounds

TCDD is the most toxic member of a class of polyhalogenated aromatic hydrocarbons that are structurally related, have a similar mechanism of action, and cause the same spectrum of responses. Because of the need to assess the risk from complex mixtures of these chemicals, the international community has adopted an interim approach that assigns relative potency factors to this family of chemicals, based on a comparison with the potency of TCDD. Each chemical that fits the criteria for this class is assigned a toxic equivalency factor, TEF, which is some fraction of that of TCDD. The total toxic equivalency of a mixture, TEQ, is the sum of the weighted potency of each compound in the mixture. Although there may be some variability between different responses in the determination of a TEF value for a compound, endpoint-specific TEFs are usually very similar. There may also be some species differences in TEFs. Again, if pharmacokinetic factors are taken into account, they are usually relatively minor. TEFs based on intake values may also exhibit some differences when compared to those based on target tissue concentrations. Using scientific judgment and a broad data base, interim TEF values have been recommended for PCDDs, PCDFs, and dioxin-like PCBs. Using such values, the TEF approach has been successful at predicting the toxicity of real world mixtures. Ongoing studies from our laboratory have validated the approach for synthetic mixtures that approximate congener ratios found in food samples. Whether non-additive interactions occur with nondioxin-like compounds found in environmentally relevant concentrations remains to be determined.
READING AND SPELLING CONNECTIONS IN THIRD AND FIFTH GRADE STUDENTS

The purpose of this study was to examine the connections between the oral reading abilities and the spelling behaviors of third and fifth grade students. Seventy-two third graders and sixty fifth graders from two different schools (one urban and one suburban) were the subjects of the study. Each subject read a selection one level above his/her current grade placement, spelled the words on the appropriate grade level list of the Qualitative Inventory of Word Knowledge and took the appropriate level of the Gates-MacGinitie Reading Tests. Oral readings were scored for accuracy, rate and phrasing. Spellings were scored for accuracy, phonetic quality and stage of spelling development. These scores were then analyzed using correlations, partial correlations and multiple regression techniques. At both grade levels there were high, significant correlations between spelling and reading variables, with spelling variables accounting for from 40% to 60% of the variance in oral reading measures and a smaller, but stil...
Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of taxol oxetane ring D precursors

A series of potential taxoid substrates was prepared in radiolabeled form to probe in vitro for the oxirane formation step and subsequent ring expansion step to the oxetane (ring D) presumably involved in the biosynthesis of the anticancer agent Taxol. None of the taxoid test substrates underwent transformation in cell-free systems from Taxus suggesting that these surrogates bore substitution patterns inappropriate for recognition or catalysis by the target enzymes, or that taxoid oxiranes and oxetanes arise by independent biosynthetic pathways.
Consumer choices under product option framing: Loss aversion principles or sensitivity to price differentials?

The effects of options framing can be theoretically explained by loss aversion principles as well as by potential alternative explanations (e.g., sensitivity to price differentials). This paper examines the interaction effects between option framing and two types of cognitive constraints (availability of cognitive resources and additional redundant product information) on consumer choices for adding or deleting optional product features. In the process, the research attempts to provide empirical support for one theoretical model (e.g., loss aversion principles) versus the other (e.g., sensitivity to price differentials). The results support the hypotheses that consumers choose a higher number of product options when starting from a fully loaded model than from a base model, and that this effect is magnified when consumers make choices under high cognitive constraints. In essence, the results empirically support the theoretical premise of the effects of option framing being driven by loss aversion principles than by diminished sensitivity to price differentials. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The syntheses and activities of polystyrene-supported olefin metathesis catalysts based on Cl2(PR3)2Ru = CH−CH = CPh2

Abstract A series of olefin metathesis catalysts based on the Cl2(PR3)2Ru = CH−CH = CPh2 olefin metathesis catalysts have been attached to a 2% cross-linked polystyrene-divinylbenzene solid support. We have carried out a comparative activity study of these solid-phase catalysts and their homogeneous analogs and demonstrated that the lifetime of the supported ruthenium complexes can be extended through recycling and re-using the suported phase catalyst. These solid-phase catalysts constitute the first example of a polymer-supported well-defined olefin metathesis catalyst that produces living polymers in solution.
Is insulin lispro associated with the development or progression of diabetic retinopathy during pregnancy

Abstract Objective: This study was designed to determine whether there is an association between the use of insulin lispro during pregnancy and the development or progression of diabetic retinopathy. Study Design: This observational cohort study included women with type 1 diabetes mellitus (n = 12) who were enrolled in our diabetes mellitus in pregnancy program and were treated with insulin lispro during pregnancy. We compared these women with a historical cohort (n = 42) who were treated with regular insulin during pregnancy. All patients underwent ophthalmologic examinations before 24 weeks' gestation and post partum, and retinopathy was graded according to a previously defined scale. Results: Whereas none of the patients in the insulin lispro group showed any change in retinopathy status, 6 patients in the regular insulin group (14%) demonstrated changes in retinopathy status. Mild background retinopathy (change from grade 0 to 1) developed in 3 of these patients, and extensive proliferative retinopathy developed in 1 patient after normal results of the baseline examination (change from grade 0 to 6). Two patients had progression of retinopathy—1 had progression from background retinopathy to mild proliferative retinopathy (change from grade 2 to 4) and 1 had progression from mild proliferative retinopathy to extensive proliferative retinopathy (change from grade 4 to 6). Conclusions: These preliminary findings provide no evidence that insulin lispro treatment during pregnancy is associated with the development or progression of diabetic retinopathy. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 2000;183:1162-5.)
Mitotic effects of sodium nucleate in root tips of Rhoeo Discolor Hance.

The induction by sodium nucleate (8%) of the following effects has been studied quantitatively in roots fixed at close time intervals during and shortly after six hours of treatment: (1) A decrease in the frequency of nuclei entering prophase. (2) A prolongation of late prophase, presumably due to an inhibition of the breakdown of the nuclear membrane. This prolongation seems to be the cause of (2), an increase of chromosome contraction at late prophase and subsequent stages. (3′) A prolongation of metaphase. This together with the late prophase prolongation results in (3′), a strong decrease in the frequency of anaphases and telophases. (4) A disorientation of metaphase spindles. (5′) Irregular anaphases, apparently causing (5′), a prolongation of anaphase. (6) Pyknotic degeneration of nuclei. (7) Stickiness of prometaand metaphase chromosomes.
Thick film oxidation of copper in an electroplated MEMS process

Copper forms a porous oxide, allowing the formation of oxide layers up to tens of microns thick to be created at modest processing temperatures. In this work, the controlled oxidation of copper is employed within an all-metal electroplating process to create electrically insulating, structural posts and beams. This capability could eliminate the additional dielectric deposition and patterning steps that are often needed during the construction of sensors, waveguides, and other microfabricated devices. In this paper, copper oxidation rates for thermal and plasma-assisted growth methods are characterized. Time control of the oxide growth enables larger copper structures to remain conductive while smaller copper posts are fully oxidized. The concept is demonstrated using the controlled oxidation of a copper layer between two nickel layers to fabricate nickel inductors having both copper electrical vias and copper oxide support pillars. Nickel was utilized in this demonstration for its resistance against low temperature oxidation and interdiffusion with copper.
Microstructural basis for enhanced shock-induced chemistry in single crystal ammonium perchlorate

The effect of concentrated lattice defects (dislocations) on shock reactivity was investigated for an optical quality, single crystal of high-purity ammonium perchlorate. Prior to shock loading, localized regions of increased lattice defects and strain were created by placing diamond pyramid (Vickers) hardness impressions into exterior cleavage surfaces. The crystal was immersed in mineral oil with the (210) surface 6.0 mm from a detonator. When fired, the detonator delivered a 24.4-kbar shock, corresponding to the reaction threshold for that crystal orientation. High-speed photographs showed luminosity near some of the hardness impressions. The photographs also revealed the occurrence of the same slip deformation identified previously from hardness testing. The shocked crystal was recovered intact and cleaved twice through Vickers impressions on the (001) and shockentry (210) surfaces, allowing spatial chemical analysis of the interior regions of the crystal using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Along these freshly cleaved surfaces, the XPS results showed enhanced perchlorate decomposition as a result of the impressions. The greatest decomposition was not immediately adjacent to the impressions, but near the tips of cracks and along slip planes that extended, at least several millimeters, from these impressions.
Privacy preserving linear discriminant analysis from perturbed data

The ubiquity of the internet not only makes it very convenient for individuals or organizations to share data for data mining or statistical analysis, but also greatly increases the chance of privacy breach. There exist many techniques such as random perturbation to protect the privacy of such data sets. However, perturbation often has negative impacts on the quality of data mining or statistical analysis conducted over the perturbed data. This paper studies the impact of random perturbation for a popular data mining and analysis method: linear discriminant analysis. The contributions are two fold. First, we discover that for large data sets, the impact of perturbation is quite limited (i.e., high quality results may be obtained directly from perturbed data) if the perturbation process satisfies certain conditions. Second, we discover that for small data sets, the negative impact of perturbation can be reduced by publishing additional statistics about the perturbation along with the perturbed data. We provide both theoretical derivations and experimental verifications of these results.
The Risks of Extending the Controversial Use of Tocolytic Magnesium Sulfate for the Purpose of Neuroprotection in Preterm Labor

The Risks of Extending the Controversial Use of Tocolytic Magnesium Sulfate for the Purpose of Neuroprotection in Preterm Labor
Rarer causes of radiculopathy: spinal tumors, infections, and other unusual causes

For the physiatrist practicing musculoskeletal medicine, patients with radiculopathy are a challenging and rewarding population for whom to provide care. Despite the rarity of diseases discussed in this article, at some time in his or her career every musculoskeletal physiatrist will see patients with these diagnoses as the cause of radiculopathy or back pain. A high index of suspicion is necessary to identify these rare disease processes accurately and promptly. The patient's history, examination, and plain-film radiographic evaluations remain the best tools with which to establish a differential and working diagnosis. The most important services that the physiatrist can provide to these patients are an astute application of the differential diagnosis to identify the specific etiology and the leadership required to organize a multi-disciplinary team of specialists to address all of the patient's needs.
Fatigue of self-piercing riveted joints in aluminum alloy 6111

Abstract Self-piercing riveting (SPR) is becoming an important joining technique for the automotive applications of aluminum sheets. In this paper, the fatigue behavior of self-piercing riveted joints in 6111-T4 aluminum sheets is studied. Both constant amplitude fatigue tests as well as two-level cumulative fatigue tests are performed. It is observed that the rivet setting pressure, which is one of the key process parameters, influences the static failure load, but not the fatigue life. In cumulative fatigue tests, the sequence of loading is found to influence the fatigue life. Fatigue cycling up to 70 percent of fatigue life reduces the post-fatigue residual failure strength in a gradual manner; however, above 90 percent of fatigue life there is a sudden decrease in the post-fatigue failure strength.
Ultrafiltration of Whole Milk

Abstract Tubular ultrafiltration membranes were used to concentrate and fractionate whole milk. Fresh, pasteurized, homogenized whole milk was concentrated to 21.5% total solids and 8.6% protein (40% in dry matter). At all flow rates and temperatures an asymptotic permeate flux was reached at a pressure of about 100 kPa, indicating that whole milk ultrafiltration is limited by concentration- and gel-polarization. The permeate flux increased with fluid velocity to the 1.66±.16 power. The positive effect of temperature on the permeate flux, particularly at high flow rates, generally followed the Arrhenius form with an average activation energy of 6.8±.8 kcal/gmole. The logarithmic decrease of the permeate flux with increasing concentration factor further indicated the importance of concentration polarization in whole milk ultrafiltration. The rejection coefficients for milk proteins, fat, lactose, and ash did not vary with temperature, pressure, or fluid velocity. A four-parameter model adequately described the observed variation of permeate flux with process variables.
Aldara™ as treatment for condylomata acuminata in the prepubertal child

Abstract BACKGROUND: Treatment of condylomata acuminata in the prepubertal child has previously presented difficulties. Initial treatment has often involved the expense and morbidity of general anesthesia and CO 2 laser. Adult modalities have been tried such as tricarboxylic acid (TCA) or intralesional interferon but often are discontinued because of significant pain and/or morbidity. Aldara TM is the brand name for an Imiquimod containing cream. Imiquimod is an immune response modifier. It has been approved by the FDA for the treatment of genital and perianal warts in the population 18 years of age and older. METHODS: JH is a 7-YO WF seen for evaluation for sexual abuse. The perpetrator is known. She had a normal hymeneal circumference and STD cultures and serologies. However, her exam was complicated by multiple condylomata of the clitoral, periclitoral, labia majora and minora, and perihymeneal area. She was significantly symptomatic with burning and itching that was mildly helped by the constant use of Desitin cream. One condyloma was selected for a test dose of the Aldara TM cream (enough to cover a Calgiswab). The mother was asked to give her daughter a sitz bath in six hours and to continue them BID until return. RESULTS: Upon return in one week, patient described no untoward complaints. All of the condylomata were gone except one perihymeneal area at 7 o'clock. The previous areas were still slightly red but this resolved over time. Sitz baths were continued. Two weeks later the remaining perihymeneal lesion was excised and sent for documentation at the request of the prosecuting attorney and the mother. To date, at three months, there has been no recurrence. CONCLUSION: The exact mechanism of Aldara TM upon the eradication of genital warts is unknown. Side effects are usually mild to moderate. Most common side effects are redness, peeling, and swelling in the area where the Aldara TM is applied. This patient had mild redness with only a very small test dose. Other reported side effects not experienced by this patient are burning, itching, swelling and difficulty with urination. There may be a significant role for Aldara TM in the treatment of symptomatic genital condyloma in the prepubertal child. More research and experience is needed especially in establishing correct dosing and safety for this population.
Sindbis Virus Infectivity Improves During the Course of Infection in Both Mammalian and Mosquito Cells

Alphaviruses are enveloped, single-stranded positive sense RNA viruses that are transmitted by an arthropod vector to a wide host range, including avian and mammalian species. Arthropods and vertebrates have different cellular environments and this may cause the different cellular pathologies that are observed between the invertebrate vector and vertebrate hosts in both whole organisms and cultured cell lines. In this report, we used Sindbis virus and examined mosquito and mammalian cell lines for their ability to produce progeny virus particles. Total particles produced, viral titers, and overall infectivity (or the ratio of total particles-to-infectious particles) was investigated. Our results show (1) Sindbis infectivity is more a function of the host cell used in titering the virus rather than the cell line used to produce the virus, (2) the number of total and infectious particles produced is cell line dependent, and (3) the infectivity of released virus particles improves during the course of infection in both cells that have cytolytic infections and persistent infections.
Political costs and fiscal benefits: The political economy of residential property value assessment under Proposition 212

We use a 15-year panel of property value assessment data from 351 Massachusetts municipalities. Appraised values grow more slowly in municipalities with elected assessors. When municipalities pass, via referenda, large increases in the cap on tax revenues, value assessments grow faster under appointed assessors and slower under elected assessors. Appraisals grow slower when alternative revenue sources are available.
Circle of life: rationale, design, and baseline results of an HIV prevention intervention among young American Indian adolescents of the Northern Plains.

In spite of significant disparities in sexual health outcomes for American Indian youth, no studies exist examining the effectiveness of HIV-prevention interventions. Circle of Life is an HIV-prevention intervention specifically developed for American Indian middle-school youth. We describe the rationale, methodology, and baseline results of a longitudinal randomized trial of Circle of Life conducted among American Indian youth aged 11–15 in a reservation community. The innovative design includes two pre-intervention waves to determine patterns of behavior prior to the intervention that might be associated with a differential impact of the intervention on sexual risk. We used one-way analysis of variance and chi-square tests to test for significant differences between randomized group assignment at each baseline wave and generalized estimating equations (GEE) to test significant differences in the rate of change in outcomes by group longitudinally. We present the collaborative and adaptive strategies for consenting, assenting, and data collection methodology in this community. Achieved response rates are comparable to other similar studies. Results from the two baseline waves indicate that few outcomes significantly varied by randomized intervention assignment. Ten percent of youth reported having had sex at Wave 1, rising to 15% at Wave 2. Among those who had had sex, the majority (>70%) reported using a condom at last sex. The project is well positioned to carry out the longitudinal assessments of the intervention to determine the overall impact of the Circle of Life and the differential impact by pre-intervention patterns of behavior across youth.
Technological and Economic Interrelationships in Hawaii's Troll and Handline Fisheries

Abstract This paper examines technological and economic interrelationships in Hawaii's troll and handline fisheries. A multiproduct dual revenue function was specified separately for the two fisheries to estimate own-price, cross-price, and effort elasticities of supply for selected species or groups of species. Various aspects of multiproduct cost structure were also analyzed with the information contained in the revenue function model. The null hypothesis of nonjointness in inputs was rejected for the troll fishery but not for the handline fishery. Thus, single-species management may be inappropriate for the former but appropriate for the latter. The acceptance of the input-output separability hypothesis in both fisheries suggests that management of the whole multispecies fishery, rather than regulation of a few key species, may be warranted. Own-price and cross-price elasticity estimates for the troll fishery suggest that the fishers' output supply decisions depend on prices and that pairs of individua...
Asking patients what they like: overlooked attributes of patient satisfaction with primary care.

Abstract PURPOSE: Ask patients to describe important attributes of their primary health care; and use the responses to develop a taxonomy for classifying patient satisfaction. DESIGN: Open-ended questions were administered to patients immediately after a clinic visit. SETTING: Primary care clinics at an academically affiliated Veterans Affairs Medical Center in New England. PATIENTS: Two hundred two of 204 randomly selected English-speaking patients who agreed (and were able) to participate. INTERVENTIONS: Clinimetric methods were used to obtain responses to three open-ended questions about what patients liked, disliked, and would like to see changed about their care. These "raw" descriptions were then combined into pertinent groups and arranged as a taxonomy of patient satisfaction. RESULTS: The taxonomy was divided into five main axes referring to physician staff, nonphysician staff, attributes of the clinic, related services, and the institution. The axes contained a total of 34 items related to patient satisfaction. The items have demonstrable face validity, and are likely to be "transparently" sensible to clinicians and policy makers, but many of the items—such as problems with parking—were not included in either of two existing psychometric instruments used to measure patient satisfaction in the same clinics. CONCLUSIONS: The clinimetric strategy leads to a simple, clinically relevant, and easily understood assessment of patient satisfaction with health care services. The assessment can be done with three simple questions; and the responses can be catalogued, when desired, in a suitable taxonomy.
Isolation methods for anaerobes in foods

Abstract The anaerobes most frequently associated with foods are the clostridia which have resistant spores and are thus able to survive well in this type of environment. The methods described are those used to isolated both spores and the more oxygen sensitive vegetative cells of clostridia as well as any non-sporing anaerobes which may be present on or in the food. The aim is to obtain maximum recovery of the anaerobes using the simplest techniques available. The difficulty of reconciling optimal heat activation of the dormant spores of certain clostridia with the heat sensitivity of other clostridial spores has still not been resolved.
Numerical criteria for the diagnosis of placental chorangiosis using CD34 immunostaining

Summary Not only the pathogenesis and clinical significance of hypervascularity of chorionic villi remain unknown but also the diagnostic criteria thereof are occasionally difficult to apply, particularly in borderline cases and in the presence of congestion and increased extracellular matrix of the chorionic villi. Immunohistochemistry is a powerful method for highlighting details in tissue sections. We used CD34 immunostaining to mark vascular outlines in the chorionic villi in five placentae with chorangiosis diagnosed on H&E stained slides as compared to five control placentae without chorangiosis, matched for gestational age and clinical diagnosis. We have observed that CD34 immunostaining facilitates counting capillaries through increasing the number of identifiable chorionic vessels in placental sections. However, the number of villous vessels forms a continuum, both within one placenta and between placentae. Maintaining the H&E Altshuler's numerical criteria of chorangiosis with CD34 immunostaining would increase the number of cases diagnosed as chorangiosis. Therefore, we propose the CD34 cutoff point of 20 vessels per chorionic villus as corresponding to the Altshuler's H&E cutoff point of 10 vessels. Vascular density, as defined by H&E and CD34 counts, shows excellent correlation in placentae with normal villous vascularity, but poor correlation in placentae with increased branching of villous capillaries. In addition, cytotrophoblastic proliferation, as highlighted with monoclonal MIB-1 antibody, is not significantly different in chorangiotic and nonchorangiotic placentas.
Dynamic analysis of policy drivers for bioenergy commodity markets.

Abstract Biomass is increasingly being considered as a feedstock to provide a clean and renewable source of energy in the form of both liquid fuels and electric power. In the United States, the biofuels and biopower industries are regulated by different policies and have different drivers, which impact the maximum price the industries are willing to pay for biomass. This article describes a dynamic computer simulation model that analyzes future behavior of bioenergy feedstock markets given policy and technical options. The model simulates the long-term dynamics of these markets by treating advanced biomass feedstocks as a commodity and projecting the total demand of each industry, as well as the market price over time. The model is used for an analysis of the United States bioenergy feedstock market that projects supply, demand, and market price given three independent buyers: domestic biopower, domestic biofuels, and foreign exports. With base-case assumptions, the biofuels industry is able to dominate the market and meet the federal Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) targets for advanced biofuels. Further analyses suggest that United States bioenergy studies should include estimates of export demand in their projections, and that GHG-limiting policy would partially shield both industries from export dominance.
Magnetite induces oxidative stress and apoptosis in lung epithelial cells

There is an ongoing concern regarding the biocompatibility of nanoparticles with sizes less than 100 nm as compared to larger particles of the same nominal substance. In this study, we investigated the toxic properties of magnetite stabilized with polyacrylate sodium. The magnetite was characterized by X-ray powder diffraction analysis, and the mean particle diameter was calculated using the Scherrer formula and was found to be 9.3 nm. In this study, we treated lung epithelial cells with different concentrations of magnetite and investigated their effects on oxidative stress and cell proliferation. Our data showed an inhibition of cell proliferation in magnetite-treated cells with a significant dose-dependent activation and induction of reactive oxygen species. Also, we observed a depletion of antioxidants, glutathione, and superoxide dismutase, respectively, as compared with control cells. In addition, apoptotic-related protease/enzyme such as caspase-3 and -8 activities, were increased in a dose-dependent manner with corresponding increased levels of DNA fragmentation in magnetite-treated cells compared to than control cells. Together, the present study reveals that magnetite exposure induces oxidative stress and depletes antioxidant levels in the cells to stimulate apoptotic pathway for cell death.
Momentum and heat transfer in helical coils

The equations of motion and energy for flow and heat transfer in curved tubes have been solved numerically by the alternating direction-implicit techni fcfs = 1.0 + [8.279 × 10−4 + 7.964×10−3λ] Re - − 2.096 × 10−7 Re2 Results for the asymptotic Nusselt number are compared with the recent experimental work of Dravid et al. and with Kalb and Seader's recent numerical s
REGULATION OF HUMAN MYELOPOIESIS BY PROSTAGLANDIN E AND LACTOFERRIN

Studies on human myeloid stem cell proliferation indicate that progenitor cell populations committed to monocytoid differentiation are preferentially inhibited by prostaglandin E (PGE). the addition of PGE but not PGF to day 7 CFUGM cultures upon initiation results in the dose-dependent inhibition of total colony and cluster formation. Morpholigical analysis of proliferating clones demonstrates that the effect of PGE on total colony and cluster formation results from the selective inhibition of monocyte-macrophage colony forming cells. Mixed monocytoid/neutrophil colony formation was markedly less sensitive and neutrophil and eosinophil colony formation essentially insensitive to the inhibitory effects of PGE. the inhibition of monocytoid colony formation by PGE1 extends equally well to day 13 CFUGM, but not to CFUGM in suspension culture. the observed effects of PGE1 on monocytoid committed pre-CFUGM and day 7 and day 14 CFUGM indicate that sensitivity to inhibition by PGE increases with progenitor cell maturity. Specificity analysis indicates that prostaglandins of the E series (PGE1, PGE2) are by far the most active naturally occurring prostanoate compounds inhibiting CFUGM proliferation. The addition of iron saturated lactoferrin to liquid cultures of human peripheral blood monocytes, inclusion into mononuclear cell feeder layers or addition to agar cultures proliferating in response to endogenously produced CSFs, results in the equivalent inhibition of CSFs necessary for day 7 and day 14 monocytoid and/or neutrophil and eosinophil colony and cluster formation. These results indicate roles for PGE and lactoferrin in myeloid stem cell regulation in vitro and suggest that they may serve as physiological regulators of granulocyte and monocyte proliferation.
Enhanced Stimulation of Akt-3/Protein Kinase B-γ in Human Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells

Growth factor-induced activation of Akt (protein kinase B) is implicated in the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) in addition to antiapoptotic signaling. Although previous studies have documented increases in total Akt or Akt-1 activity in rodent VSMC, little is known about the regulation of Akt-2 or Akt-3 kinase activity in VSMC from any species. In the present study, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction revealed the expression of all three Akt isoforms in human aortic VSMC. In vitro kinase assays using immunoprecipitated Akt isoforms showed robust increases in Akt-3 activity after stimulation of human aortic VSMC with platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), insulin, and insulin-like growth factor-1. In contrast, these growth factors produced modest and marginal increases in Akt-1 and Akt-2 kinase activity, respectively. Pretreatment of VSMC with a phosphoinositide-3kinase (PI-3K) inhibitor, LY294002, led to significant inhibition of growth factor(s)-induced increases in Akt-3 activity and DNA synthesis. The present findings provide the first direct evidence that the Akt-3 isoform is predominantly activated in human aortic VSMC. Moreover, these data suggest that PI-3K-dependent activation of Akt-3 may play a major role in VSMC proliferation.
Cost-Effective Rehabilitation of Two Aluminum Bridges on Long Island, New York

After testing of a full-scale model semimonocoque airframe aluminum bridge at Lehigh University in 1960, New York State built two similar four-span aluminum structures on Long Island, which were opened to traffic in 1965. During an inspection in 1996, galvanic corrosion of the aluminum superstructure at contact surfaces with the steel bearings in presence of moisture, limited distortion or buckling of members at some of these locations, and damage to the bridge underside when struck by a vehicle taller than available clearance were noticed. Otherwise, the rest of the structure appeared to be in good condition. Due to the unique structural configuration, an investigation of viable procedures for repair and maintenance of these structures was conducted. This investigation resulted in the cost-effective rehabilitation procedure described in this paper.
Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction/pyrosequencing to characterize neuraminidase H275 residue of influenza A 2009 H1N1 virus for rapid and specific detection of the viral oseltamivir resistance marker in a clinical laboratory

Pandemic 2009 H1N1 is normally susceptible to oseltamivir, but variants harboring the H275Y (CAC → TAC) mutation exhibit resistance. We describe the use of a combined reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)/pyrosequencing approach to identify the H275 residue. A total of 223 specimens were tested with this method: 216 randomly selected clinical specimens positive for 2009 H1N1 and 7 cell-culture supernatants from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC; 4 resistant, 3 susceptible 2009 H1N1 strains). The assay detected H275Y in 1 clinical respiratory sample (0.5%) and all 4 oseltamivir-resistant strains from the CDC; the remaining 215 clinical and 3 susceptible CDC specimens were wild-type. Sanger sequencing confirmed the results for 50 of 50 selected isolates. The RT-PCR/pyrosequencing method was highly specific, producing no amplicons or valid sequences from samples containing non-H1N1 viruses or bacteria. Our findings suggest that this method provides a rapid tool for H275Y detection, with high sensitivity and potential benefit for patient care.
Computing ATA−BTB=LTDL using generalized hyperbolic transformations

Abstract Hyperbolic transformations permit the computation of the LTDL factorization of the matrix Y=ATA−BTBwithout computing the individual components ATA and BTB. This paper describes generalized hyperbolic Householder and Givens transformations based on hyperbolic imaginary numbers. The use of imaginary numbers provides a simple conceptual framework for developing hyperbolic algorithms and produces algorithms which operate under more general conditions than current methods.
The Economy and Suicide in Japan, 1985–2000

From 1985-2000, unemployment was the strongest correlate of Japanese suicide rates. Language: en
Helping Children Link Sound to Print: Phonics Procedures for Small-Group or Whole-Class Settings.

Word boxes and word sorts are two phonic approaches that help children make connections between sound and print by gaining an awareness of the phonological and orthographic features of words. Word boxes and word sort lessons are engaging because students are asked to manipulate materials and make frequent responses rather than completing paper and pencil workbook exercises. These approaches have been typically used in one-to-one instructional situations. This article provides step-by-step procedures, showing how variations of these approaches can also be used in small-group and whole-class settings.
The demonstration of acid α-naphthyl acetate esterase activity in human lymphocytes: Usefulness as a T-cell marker

Abstract The histochemical demonstration of nonspecific acid α-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE) activity was evaluated as a T lymphocyte marker primarily with the sheep erythrocyte (E) assay. A distinctive staining pattern characterized T lymphocytes which could be readily distinguished from monocyte staining. The percentage of E + and ANAE + lymphocytes was nearly always comparable in the peripheral blood and lymphoid tissue from normal and selected patients, including those with acute and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Divergences were noted in certain other tissues including spleen and thymus. Certain mitogen-stimulated cells lost their ANAE activity while retaining their ability to form e n rosettes. Atypical and variable staining patterns were observed in established lymphoid cell lines. The histochemical demonstration of ANAE is simple and reproducible; preparations may be counterstained for cytomorphologic detail and mounted as a permanent record. Certain disadvantages are discussed. The method represents a practical alternative to E rosette assays. It is particularly well suited for certain routine laboratories.
Proton transfer limits protein translocation rate by the thylakoid DeltapH/Tat machinery.

The thylakoid transmembrane ΔpH is the sole energy source driving translocation of precursor proteins by the ΔpH/Tat machinery. Consequently, proton translocation must be coupled to precursor translocation. For the precursor of the 17 kDa protein of the oxygen-evolving complex (pOE17), the protein translocation process is characterized by a steep drop in efficiency at an external pH below 7.0 and above 8.7. As the membrane ΔpH is virtually unaffected from pH 6.5 to 9.2, the loss in import efficiency is a consequence of the titration of multiple residues within the translocation machinery. Transport is retarded by a factor of 2−3 in deuterium oxide (D2O) relative to water, strongly suggesting that proton-transfer reactions limit translocation rate. The solvent isotope effect manifests itself after the precursor binds to the membrane, indicating that the rate-limiting step is a later event in the transport process.
Estrogen potentiates vasopressin-induced contraction of female rat aorta by enhancing cyclooxygenase-2 and thromboxane function.

To determine the roles of estrogen and constrictor prostanoids in vasopressin (VP)-induced contraction of female rat aorta, vascular reactivity to VP was determined in thoracic aortas of intact, ov...
Task Merging for Dynamic Power Management of Cyclic Applications in Real-Time Multiprocessor Systems

In this paper we propose the method of task merging and idle period clustering for dynamic power management (DPM) in a real-time system with multiple processing elements. We show that with good task scheduling, the energy and delay overheads due to power mode switching can be reduced significantly, while the opportunity for the system to switch to low power modes can be further improved. New on-line and off-line task scheduling algorithms are proposed that minimize the number of idle time intervals under the deadline and precedence constraints. A simple DPM policy is then used to save the energy dissipation during the idle time intervals. Experimental results show that, comparing to the DPM schemes without proper task scheduling, the proposed method reduces the number of power mode switching by 56% in average.
Ambulatory Medical Detoxification for Alcohol

In the past decade, ambulatory medical detoxification for alcohol withdrawal has become increasingly utilized due to pressures to contain cost of treatment and research demonstrating its effectiveness. The research that describes this area spans the last 15 years. This article reviews the available literature on ambulatory detoxification and attempts to summarize and synthesize what is known about this area in order to make ambulatory medical detoxification readily reproducible in clinical practice. Finally, this article concludes with an analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of outpatient alcohol detoxification as compared to inpatient treatment.
Self-Esteem, Depression, and Anxiety Evidenced by a Prison Inmate Sample: Interrelationships and Consequences for Prison Programming:

Relatively little is known about the psychological characteristics of prison inmates and how recent imprisonment policies may affect those characteristics. This article examines levels of self-esteem, depression, and anxiety among a sample of prison inmates who recently completed or were enrolled in prerelease life skills courses. The data reveal these inmates to be a very depressed and anxious group with little self-esteem. Implications for further research and prison programming efforts are highlighted.
Association Between ICU Admission During Morning Rounds and Mortality

Background No previous study has evaluated the association between admission to ICUs during round time and patient outcome. The objective of this study was to determine the association between round-time ICU admission and patient outcome. Methods This retrospective study included 49,844 patients admitted from October 1994 to December 2007 to four ICUs (two surgical, one medical, and one multispecialty) of an academic medical center. Of these patients, 3,580 were admitted to the ICU during round time (8:00 am to 10:59 am) and 46,264 were admitted during nonround time (from 1:00 pm to 6:00 am). The medical ICU had 24-h/7-day per week intensivist coverage during the last 2 years of the study. We compared the baseline characteristics and outcome of patients admitted to the ICU between the two groups. Data were abstracted from the acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) III database. Results The round-time and non-round-groups were similar in gender, ethnicity, and age. The predicted hospital mortality rate of the round time group was higher (17.4% vs 12.3% predicted, respectively; p Conclusions Patients admitted to the ICU during morning rounds have higher severity of illness and mortality rates.
The prenatal morphogenesis of the lateral nasal wall in the rat (Mus rattus)

In the course of this investigation 24 fetuses of the Sprague-Dawley rats were used. Pregnant animals were sacrificed at 12, 14, 16, 18, and 20 days of gestation. The fetuses were removed and fixed in buffered formalin solution. The heads were dehydrated, embedded in paraffin, and the nasal cavities were sectioned serially. Light microscope observations were made on 10 to 15 μ thick sections stained with H and E, Mallory's trichrome stain, and Gomori's alkaline phosphatase stain. The 12 day old fetus possessed well developed olfactory depression with a thick epithelial covering. The olfactory fossa was still separated from the buccal cavity by a solid layer of young mesenchyme. In the 14 day old fetus the communication between the nasal and buccal cavities was established. The palatal shelves developed still vertically. All the turbinates and the nasal capsule were already differentiated. The glandular system was represented with the main and two to three accessory excretory ducts. During the sixteenth day of prenatal development, the sinus and the sinus related glands became for the first time evident. The ossification of the membranous parts of the lateral nasal wall was initiated. In the next two developing stages the maturation of the cartilage, the increasing ossification in the membrane, and the further differentiation of the glands were the major morphological changes in the formation of the lateral nasal wall.