cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The realities of career breaks and working part time in medicine

Health minister Anna Soubry’s comments on the “unintended consequences” for the NHS of women doctors working part time after starting families drew criticism from doctors. Naureen Bhatti and Rebecca Viney look at the reality of how men and women can take career breaks and work part time in medicine
SCANNING CW-LASER-INDUCED CRYSTALLIZATION OF SILICON ON AMORPHOUS SUBSTRATES

Samples of amorphous and polycrystalline silicon, deposited on amorphous Si 3 N 4 and photolithographically configured into an island array, have been CW-laser annealed. Transmission electron microscopic imaging and selected area diffraction have been used to probe the resulting degree of crystallization. In work to date we have been able to produce single crystal growth of islands 5μm wide and greater than 15μm long (along the laser scan direction). Under certain experimental circumstances, a periodic TEM absorption pattern can be created in the Si 3 N 4 with concomitant nucleation of grain boundary growth in the silicon overlayer. Spinodal decomposition is proposed as a possible explanation.
Global problem-solving and ethics: a theoretical and practical analysis

This article focuses on how a more reciprocally-beneficial relation between humans and planetary ecologies can be achieved. Global problems and their potential solutions are considered from the perspectives of research non-profit The Millennium Project, the United Nations, the late cyberneticist Gregory Bateson, and the late psychoanalyst Felix Guattari. These approaches are contextualised within Ken Wilber's 'all quadrants, all levels' (AQAL) epistemological framework with the intent of making the problems discussed more amenable to higher-level analysis and problem-solving methodology. Within and following this latter endeavour is an assessment of practical approaches to global problem-solving, including The Millennium Project's Global Futures Intelligence System (GFIS) and Barrett Brown's Quadrant Dynamics: Thwarting or Supporting (Q-DyTS) algorithm. Lastly, a plural ethical approach is proposed and compared with US psychology, Guattari's ethico-aesthetic paradigm, and The Millennium Project's global challenge #15 (which concerns global ethics).
Design of Sol-Gel Coating Media for Ink-Jet Printing

Image transfer and storage is rapidly becoming one of the most important technologies in the communication age. Ink-jet printing by which multicolor images are transferred onto paper and transparencies is a major branch of this technology. In this technology electronic image transfer capabilities are often limited by the shortcomings in the materials used. The coating designed to receive the ink determines the ink-dry time, edge acuity or patterns, color fidelity, as well as light and water fastness of the print. These in turn govern the speed, resolution and quality of the image transferred. Chemical, structural and process parameters involved in the design of a transparent, single layer sol-gel coating media for ink-jet printing are discussed. Design goals include quick drying of the print, water resistance, edge acuity without bleeding, UV protection of color dyes, and being printer nonspecific.
Platelet aggregation responses and virus isolation from platelets in calves experimentally infected with type I or type II bovine viral diarrhea virus.

Abstract Altered platelet function has been reported in calves experimentally infected with type II bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV). The purpose of the present study was to further evaluate the ability of BVDV isolates to alter platelet function and to examine for the presence of a virus-platelet interaction during BVDV infection. Colostrum-deprived Holstein calves were obtained immediately after birth, housed in isolation, and assigned to 1 of 4 groups (1 control and 3 treatment groups). Control calves (n = 4) were sham inoculated, while calves in the infected groups (n = 4 for each group) were inoculated by intranasal instillation with 10(7) TCID50 of either BVDV 890 (type II), BVDV 7937 (type II), or BVDV TGAN (type I). Whole blood was collected prior to inoculation (day 0) and on days 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 after inoculation for platelet function testing by optical aggregometry by using adenosine diphosphate and platelet activating factor. The maximum percentage aggregation and the slope of the aggregation curve decreased over time in BVDV-infected calves; however, statistically significant differences (Freidman repeated measures ANOVA on ranks, P < 0.05) were only observed in calves infected with the type II BVDV isolates. Bovine viral diarrhea virus was not isolated from control calves, but was isolated from all calves infected with both type II BVDV isolates from days 4 through 12 after inoculation. In calves infected with type I BVDV, virus was isolated from 1 of 4 calves on days 4 and 12 after inoculation and from all calves on days 6 and 8 after inoculation. Altered platelet function was observed in calves infected with both type II BVDV isolates, but was not observed in calves infected with type I BVDV. Altered platelet function may be important as a difference in virulence between type I and type II BVDV infection.
Currency risk premia: Perceptions of downside risk and deviations from benchmark values

This paper examines the empirical performance of an alternative model of the currency risk premium. This model relates risk not to the variance of returns but rather to potential crash risk based on the deviation, or “gap,” between the exchange rate and perceptions of its benchmark value. The model is tested using a novel data set of traders' exchange rate forecasts, from 1986:08 to 2013:09. The forecast data eliminate the need for a joint hypothesis about expectations formation through direct measurement of the market's ex ante premium. To measure the benchmark value, rather than use purchasing power parity, we relate it to recent levels through a moving average. Strong support is found for the prediction that the premium comoves positively with the “gap” measure of risk, according to cointegrated vector autoregression analyses for all four markets examined. This result is robust for moving averages from six to 24 months and when controlling for exchange rate volatility. The findings suggest how investors assess downside risk ex ante, at least in part, and may rationalize the application of certain technical analysis.
The Pathology of Hyperthyroidism

This article reviews those pathologic lesions which are associated with clinical and/or biochemical hyperthyroidism. Beginning with the descriptive pathology of classical Graves' disease and the less common toxic nodular goiter and hyper-functioning thyroid nodules, this paper describes the effects of non-thyroidal hormones, glandular function (including pituitary and hypothalamic lesions), ectopic production of thyroid stimulating proteins by non-thyroidal neoplasms, exogenous drug reactions causing hyper-function and finally conditions associated with a mechanic- destructive cause of hyperthyroidism.
Multi-Armed Bandits for Correlated Markovian Environments with Smoothed Reward Feedback

We study a multi-armed bandit problem in a dynamic environment where arm rewards evolve in a correlated fashion according to a Markov chain. Different than much of the work on related problems, in our formulation a learning algorithm does not have access to either a priori information or observations of the state of the Markov chain and only observes smoothed reward feedback following time intervals we refer to as epochs. We demonstrate that existing methods such as UCB and $\varepsilon$-greedy can suffer linear regret in such an environment. Employing mixing-time bounds on Markov chains, we develop algorithms called EpochUCB and EpochGreedy that draw inspiration from the aforementioned methods, yet which admit sublinear regret guarantees for the problem formulation. Our proposed algorithms proceed in epochs in which an arm is played repeatedly for a number of iterations that grows linearly as a function of the number of times an arm has been played in the past. We analyze these algorithms under two types of smoothed reward feedback at the end of each epoch: a reward that is the discount-average of the discounted rewards within an epoch, and a reward that is the time-average of the rewards within an epoch.
Some Regression Problems in Time Series Analysis

Estimates of the regression coefficients which are unbiased and linear in the observations are discussed in this paper. The residual is assumed to be a stationary process. Two specific estimates are discussed, the least-squares estimate and the Markov estimate. I call the estimate which is computed under the assumption that the residual is an orthogonal process the least-squares estimate. The Markov estimate is the linear unbiased estimate with minimal covariance matrix. The basic assumptions made in the paper are discussed in section 2 and are held to throughout the paper. In section 3 some remarks about the approximation of a continuous positive definite matrix-valued function by finite trigonometric forms are made. These remarks are used in section 4 to obtain the main results about the asymptotic behavior of the covariance matrices of the least-squares and Markov estimates. The next section discusses the many interesting cases in which the least-squares estimate is asymptotically as good as the Markov estimate. The first really systematic discussion of some of these problems was given by U. Grenander [1]. Further work was carried out by U. Grenander and M. Rosenblatt in [2], [3], and [4]. The author considers some of these problems in the case of a vector-valued time series in [5]. Some of the results of this paper are a generalization of some of those obtained in [5].
The Breakfast Club: John Hughes, Hollywood, and the Golden Age of the Teen Film

The Breakfast Club is a quintessential teen film. This book analyzes how multiple factors coalesced to solidify the status of The Breakfast Club as one of the most emblematic films of the 1980s and one of the most definitive teen films of the genre. The film brings together genre-defining elements – the conflicts between generations and peer pressure, archetypical characters and breaking down stereotypes, the celebration and survival of adolescence, and the importance of this time in life on the coming-of-age process – and became a significant moment for John Hughes as an auteur and for teen films in the 1980s. More than just embodying these elements of the genre, filmmaker Hughes and the Brat Pack stars helped introduce and popularize multiple generic features that would come to be expected with the teen film formula. The content of the film combined with its context of production in the middle of a boom in teen filmmaking in Hollywood. Meanwhile, the marketing that focused on contemporary music, peer group dynamics, and oppositions between Generation X and baby boomers, merged with an enthusiastic reception by youth audiences. Its endurance speaks to the way the film’s level of importance as a critical, commercial, and influential film with tremendous impact has grown since its initial debut.
CORRELATION BETWEEN CNS ANGIOTENSINOGEN AND CENTRAL CATECHOLAMINE PATHWAYS

ABSTRACT Angiotensin II (AII) receptors in the central nervous system mediate three pressor responses–enhanced sympathetic outflow, release of ADH and dipsogenesis. We defined a topographical distribution of the prohormone of angiotensin, angiotensinogen, in the CNS and find a positive correlation with published norepinephrine (NE) concentrations. Direct, simultaneous measurements of angiotensinogen and NE in various brain sections support this correlation. We interpret these results as indicating that AII may control NE metabolism.
Determine Dividends by Shareholder Gains, Not Corporate E&P

Johnson proposes that shareholder gain from a dividend be determined based on the shareholder’s own situation rather than the corporate earnings and profits account, which is often dysfunctional. If the stock value drops below the shareholder's basis by reason of the dividend, the shareholder has lost some investment, and the dividend is recovery of basis in full or in part. If the stock value is higher than shareholder basis even after the dividend, the shareholder has gain only.
Improving Energy Transfer within Metal–Organic Frameworks by Aligning Linker Transition Dipoles along the Framework Axis

Crystalline metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) can assemble chromophoric molecules into a wide range of spatial arrangements, which are controlled by the MOF topology. Like natural light-harvesting co...
In Vitro Propagation of an Endangered Helianthus Verticillatus by Axillary Bud Proliferation.

Helianthus verticillatus (Asteraceae), whorled sunflower, is a perennial species restricted to a few locations in the Southeastern United States. Habitat loss has caused H. verticillatus to become rare, and since 2014, it has been federally listed as an endangered species. As a part of the recovery plan for the restoration and protection of H. verticillatus, an efficient micropropagation protocol based on axillary shoot proliferation was developed. Various concentrations of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP; 0 to 4.44 µM) were examined for their morphogenetic potential in the regeneration of six genotypes of H. verticillatus from the nodal explants derived from greenhouse-grown plants. Both the BAP concentration and genotype had significant effects on the regeneration capacity of H. verticillatus. Although the induced buds were observed on ½-strength Murashige and Skoog medium without plant growth regulators, a higher rate of induction and bud development were achieved on media with either 0.88 or 2.22 µM BAP, regardless of the genotype. Successful rooting of the induced shoots was achieved within four weeks after the transfer from the induction medium to the fresh ½-strength MS medium, but the rooting efficiency was dependent on the plant’s genetic background. Regenerated plantlets, with well-developed shoots and roots, were acclimatized successfully to greenhouse conditions with a 97% survival rate. Simple sequence repeats (SSRs) markers were employed to assess the genetic uniformity of the micropropagated plants of H. verticillatus. No extraneous bands were detected between regenerants and their respective donor plants, confirming the genetic fidelity and stability of regenerated plants. To our knowledge, the protocol developed in this study is the first such report for this endangered species.
PCB-Interposer-on-DBC Packaging of 650 V, 120 A GaN HEMTs

Packaging of gallium nitride (GaN) HEMTs is challenging due to their high heat-flux density and small bonding pads. And, having a lateral device structure and being able to switch fast, these devices push the limit of packaging by demanding extremely low parasitic inductances. In this work, we developed a packaging approach based on embedding the GaN device chip between a printed-circuit board (PCB) interposer structure for terminal interconnection and a direct- bond-copper (DBC) substrate for heat extraction. The approach was demonstrated by packaging 650 V, 120 A GaN HEMT bare die. We also used silver sintering for bonding all of the device terminals to increase heat extraction from the device’s thermal pad and avoid relying on multiple, different melting-point solders in the construction. FEA simulations showed that the package had a gate-to-kelvin source inductance (L G + L ss ) of 3.1 nH, a drain-to-source inductance (L D + L s ) of 1.2 nH, and a junction-to-case thermal resistance, R θjc , of 0.14°C/W. Static characteristics of the PCB-on-DBC packages were measured by a curve tracer.
Task-Related Systemic Artifacts in Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy *

Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) has the potential to become the next common noninvasive neuroimaging technique for routine clinical use. Compared to the current standard for neuroimaging, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), fNIRS boasts several advantages which increase its likelihood for clinical adoption. However, fNIRS suffers from an intrinsic interference from the superficial tissues, which the near-infrared light must penetrate before reaching the deeper cerebral cortex. Therefore, the removal of signals captured by SS channels has been proposed to attenuate the systematic interference. This study aimed to investigate the task-related systemic artefacts, in a high-density montage covering the sensorimotor cortex. We compared the association between LS and SS channels over the contralateral motor cortex which was activated by a hand clenching task, with that over the ipsilateral cortex where no task-related activation was expected. Our findings provide important guidelines regarding how to removal SS signals in a high-density whole-head montage.
Episodic surges in titanium dioxide engineered particle concentrations in surface waters following rainfall events.

Abstract Quantifying and characterizing engineered particles in environmental systems is key for assessing their risk but remains challenging and requires the distinction between natural and engineered particles. The objective of this study was to characterize and quantify the concentrations of titanium dioxide engineered particles in the Broad River, Columbia, South Carolina, United States during and following rainfall events. The elemental ratio distributions of Ti/Nb, Ti/Fe, and Ti/Al, determined on a single particle basis using inductively coupled plasma-time of flight-mass spectrometry (SP-ICP-TOF-MS), were similar between samples during the different rainfall events, indicating that naturally occurring particles had the same elemental ratios and origin. Therefore, the changes in the Ti/Nb ratios in the bulk water samples were attributed to the introduction of titanium dioxide engineered particles into the Broad River with urban runoff during and following rainfall events. The total concentrations of Ti, Fe, Al, Nb, Ce, and La in the Broad River followed the same trend of rise and fall as the discharge/runoff. The elemental ratios of Ti/Nb were higher (e.g., 330 to 565) than the average crustal values (e.g., 320) and the natural background elemental ratios in surface waters in Columbia, SC (e.g., 266.4 ± 8.9), suggesting contamination with titanium dioxide engineered particles. The concentration of titanium dioxide engineered particles were estimated by mass balance calculations using total titanium concentrations and increases in Ti/Nb ratios above the natural background ratios. The concentrations of titanium dioxide engineered particles in the Broad River varied between 20 and 140 μg TiO2 L−1 following rainfall events. The source of titanium dioxide was attributed to urban runoff due to the absence of sewage contamination as indicated by the low size of the gadolinium anomaly. The findings of this study demonstrate that urban runoff is a major source of titanium dioxide engineered particles to urban rivers, which results in episodic high concentrations of titanium dioxide engineered particles, which may pose environmental risks during and following rainfall events. This study also highlights the importance of determining the temporal variations in engineered particle concentrations in surface waters for a more comprehensive risk assessment of engineered particles.
Right thoracic ectopic kidney with congenital diaphragmatic hernia

Abstract Thoracic ectopic kidney with congenital diaphragmatic hernia is a rare congenital malformation. We report a case of right thoracic ectopic kidney associated with congenital diaphragmatic hernia in a 4-year-old girl. Chest X-ray indicated the right diaphragmatic distention and contrast-enhanced CT showed thoracic ectopic kidney. We chose thoracoscopic approach for a complete anatomical repair. The bottom of the lower lobe of the right lung adhered to the hernia sac. Right thoracic ectopic kidney was pushed into abdominal cavity and congenital diaphragmatic defect was closed. Postoperative hemodynamics and renal function were normal. We review similar literatures and summarize surgical experience.
A Cross-Sectional Study of Faith-based Global Health Organizations to Assess the Feasibility of a Christian Research Collaborative

Background: Religiosity and spirituality are recognized determinants of health, yet many faith-based organizations do not conduct or publicly disseminate research or evaluation data to inform practice. The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility of establishing a collaborative to support small to medium-sized, Christian, global health organizations in producing stronger evidence regarding the practice and application of integral mission health models. Methods: A cross-sectional study was done using a digital, mixed-method (open- and closed-ended questions) survey. The survey was distributed through a convenience sample of Christian global health networks and member organizations representing over 1,000 primarily small to medium sized organizations. Information was collected regarding organizational research and evaluation publication/presentation experience, collaborative interests, evaluation and research barriers, and priorities. Results: Responses totaled 116 and came from Christian health and development organizations in Africa, Asia, and North America. The survey revealed three organizational research priorities and areas of desired assistance from a collaborative: 1) disseminating impacts, 2) evaluation skills and resources, including integral mission measurement tools, and 3) research design resources and services. Interests varied depending on whether the organization was based inside or outside of the United States. Discussion: The study aimed to identify priorities and barriers of Christian health organizations around research and outcomes evaluation. The findings suggest that a Christian research collaborative is not only feasible but could serve organizations throughout the world that have a desire to conduct more rigorous evaluation and research studies and disseminate and publish their results yet lack the time, knowledge, or resources to do so. Future studies should explore financial support systems to sustain a collaborative and create a model that could accommodate the different research and evaluation priorities depending on the location of the organization.
The evolving role of coronary computed tomography in understanding sex differences in coronary atherosclerosis

Our understanding of sex differences in subclinical atherosclerosis and plaque composition and characteristics have greatly improved with the use of coronary computed tomography (CCTA) over the past years. CCTA has emerged as an important frontline diagnostic test for women, especially as we continue to understand the impact of non-obstructive atherosclerosis as well as diffuse, high risk plaque as precursors of acute cardiac events in women. Based on its ability to identify complex plaque morphology such as low attenuation plaque, high risk non calcified plaque, positive remodeling, fibrous cap, CCTA can be used to assess plaque characteristics. CCTA can avoid false positive of other imaging studies, if included earlier in assessment of ischemic symptoms. In the contemporary clinical setting, CCTA will prove useful in further understanding and managing cardiovascular disease in women and those without traditional obstructive coronary disease.
Economic Risk Factors and Commercial Real Estate Returns

A great deal of research has focused on the links between stock and bond market returns and macroeconomic events such as fluctuations in interest rates, inflation rates, and industrial production. Although the comovements of real estate and other asset prices suggests that these same systematic risk factors are likely to be priced in real estate markets, no study has formally addressed this issue. This study identifies the growth rate in real per capita consumption, the real T-bill rate, the term structure of interest rates, and unexpected inflation as fundamental drivers or “state variables” that systematically affect real estate returns. The finding of a consistently significant risk premium on consumption has important ramifications for the vast literature that has examined the (risk-adjusted) performance of real estate, for it suggests that prior findings of significant abnormal returns (either positive or negative) that have ignored consumption are potentially biased by an omitted variables problem. The results also have important implications for dynamic asset allocation strategies that involve the predictability of real estate returns using economic data.
75 Years Young: Reflecting on a Milestone Year for the Society

As we approach the end of 2021, IEEE Computer Society President Forrest Shull sat down again with Megha Ben, the 2021 chair for Student and Young Professional Activities, to follow up on their earlier interview in the January 2021 issue of Computer, and to look back on the progress made during the year.
Dietary conjugated linoleic acid expands CD8+ lymphocyte subsets in vivo and enhances their function

Early-weaned pigs (n=64) averaging 5.3 ± .3 kg and distributed into two environments (dirty and clean) were used to evaluate effects of CLA on growth performance, immune competence and empty body composition. A factorial (2 design with four littermate pigs as the experimental unit for the environment, pig within litter as the experimental unit for dietarv' treatment, and d 0 body weight used as a covariate were used in data analysis. Diets were formulated to contain CLA at 0. .67. 1.33 or 2% and to exceed NRC (1988) nutrient needs of pigs, and were self-fed for 7 wk in three phases (I. I to 2: II. 3 to 5: and III. 6 to 7 wk). Within phases, diets were isocaloric and isonitrogenous. In phase I as CLA concentration increased. ADFI decreased (P increased quadratically (603. 623.622. and 548 g/d: P 840. 867. and 717 g/d; P P treatments. Pigs in the clean room had a greater cumulative ADG (P<.01) and a greater ADFI
Damage States for Reinforced CMU Masonry Shear Walls

In order to assess the damage loss of reinforced masonry walls under earthquake loading, it is helpful to have a set of commonly accepted damage states. HAZUS gives detailed description for the qualitative damage states and assigns threshold drift ratios for achievement of each damage state. The HAZUS damage states are assigned based on expert opinion and judgment, and performance and experience data. Unfortunately, application of the HAZUS damage states is limited by the fact that they do not differentiate failure mode: flexure, shear and possible mixed flexure/shear. Furthermore, drift ratios defined in HAZUS have not been fully verified by experiment or experience. As a step toward addressing these deficiencies, this paper examines experimental results from three experimental programs and assesses the accuracy of the HAZUS methodology. Drift ratios at achievement of defined damage states are compared with HAZUS definitions. Results show that the HAZUS methodology tends to overestimate the drift ratio achieved by a wall at a given level of damage. In this paper, only experimental results for concrete masonry unit (CMU) walls are considered.
BOOK REVIEW: Bigalke, T. W., & Zurbuchen, M. S. (Eds.). (2014). Leadership for Social Justice in Higher Education: The Legacy of the Ford Foundation International Fellowships Program. Palgrave Macmillan. 250 pages. ISBN: 9781137366498

BOOK REVIEW: Bigalke, T. W., & Zurbuchen, M. S. (Eds.). (2014). Leadership for Social Justice in Higher Education: The Legacy of the Ford Foundation International Fellowships Program. Palgrave Macmillan. 250 pages. ISBN: 9781137366498 The full text of the article can be found at 10.18275/fire201502011059
Using visualization in cockpit decision support systems

In order to safely operate their aircraft, pilots must make rapid decisions based on integrating and processing large amounts of heterogeneous information. Visual displays are often the most efficient method of presenting safety-critical data to pilots in real time. However, care must be taken to ensure the pilot is provided with the appropriate amount of information to make effective decisions and not become cognitively overloaded. The results of two usability studies of a prototype airflow hazard visualization cockpit decision support system are summarized. The studies demonstrate that such a system significantly improves the performance of helicopter pilots landing under turbulent conditions. Based on these results, design principles and implications for cockpit decision support systems using visualization are presented.
Abstract P6-13-02: The extent of lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) at surgical excision predicts for the development of subsequent breast cancer

Introduction LCIS is considered both a risk indicator and a non-obligate precursor of invasive breast cancer. A diagnosis of LCIS confers a risk that is 8-10x higher than that of the general population; yet we remain unable to predict risk of progression and hence lack the tools to make personalized treatment recommendations. Here we examine the relationship between pathologic features and extent of LCIS at surgical excision with risk of subsequent breast cancer. Methods From a prospective database of 1032 patients with LCIS diagnosed from 1980-2009, we identified patients with and without a subsequent cancer diagnosis and created a nested case-control cohort study. A case was defined as a breast cancer diagnosis ≥6 months after LCIS diagnosis. All cases were matched to ≥1 control (cancer free) based on age at diagnosis of LCIS +/- 5 yrs and length of follow up. All HE p=0.003). On conditional logistic regression analysis, a ratio of >0.5 was associated with a 2.7 (95%CI, 1.4-4.9) greater odds for cancer development when compared to a ratio of Conclusion In this nested case-control study, the quantity of LCIS at excision, as measured by the ratio of the number of slides with LCIS over the total number of slides reviewed, was found to be a significant predictor of subsequent breast cancer. Patients with LCIS in >50% of slides reviewed had a 2.7 increased odds for cancer; suggesting that the extent of LCIS in a biopsy specimen should be considered when counseling patients about future risk and risk reducing options. Citation Format: Jessica C Gooch, Elena Guerini-Rocco, Sujata Patil, Starr B Koslow, Marina De Brot, Anna Y Park, Camilla A Boafo, Jorge S Reis-Filho, Tari A King. The extent of lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) at surgical excision predicts for the development of subsequent breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Seventh Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2014 Dec 9-13; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(9 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-13-02.
Eukaryotic Copper Amine Oxidases

Copper amine oxidases contain the covalently bound quinone cofactor, topaquinone, in addition to an active site copper. These proteins are widely distributed among both prokaryotes and eukaryotes and have been characterized with regard to kinetic and structural properties. The function of the eukaryotic proteins is only now beginning to be understood with the hypothesis ranging from a role in cell–cell adhesion to a role in insulin signaling. 3D Structure Keywords: catalytic mechanism; cofactor biogenesis; copper amine oxidase; oxidative deamination; quinoenzyme; semicarbazide-sensitive; topaquinone; type II copper protein; X-ray crystallography
Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA; vorinostat) suppresses translation of cyclin D1 in mantle cell lymphoma cells

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) has a chromosomal translocation resulting in the expression of the cyclin D1 gene driven by the powerful enhancer of the immunoglobulin heavy chain gene, leading to uncontrolled, overexpressed cyclin D1 protein. We showed that suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA; vorinostat), one of the histone deacetylase inhibitors derived from hydroxamic acid, caused a dramatic decrease (90%) in protein levels of cyclin D1 after 8-hour exposure to SAHA (5 μM) in MCL lines (SP49, SP53, Jeko1). mRNA levels and protein stability of cyclin D1 were minimally affected by SAHA over 8 hours. In contrast, metabolic labeling assays showed that SAHA decreased incorporation of [35S]methionine into cyclin D1 protein. The drug also decreased levels of phosphorylated Akt, mammalian target of Rapamycin (mTOR), and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein (eIF4E-BP) and lowered the cap site binding activity of eIF4E in the MCL cells. In vitro phosphatidyl inositol (PI) kinase assay demonstrated that SAHA directly inhibited kinase activity of PI 3′ kinase. Taken together, SAHA caused a rapid decrease of cyclin D1 in MCL by blocking the translation of cyclin D1 by inhibiting the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mTOR/eIF4E-BP pathway, probably by PI3K inhibition.
Similar vasoconstrictor responses to calcium in normotensive and esssential hypertensive men.

In the absence of calcium, vascular smooth muscle cannot contract. In contrast, increase in the sarcoplasmic concentration of free calcium ion triggers contraction of blood vessels (1). Several investigators have proposed that a defect in the vascular metabolism of this essential cation may underlie the abnormal vasoconstriction of hypertension (1-5). They suggest that this defect may involve increases in cell membrane permeability to the calcium ion. There is in vitro evidence that vascular strips from animals with experimental hypertension may be hyperresponsive to calcium; such observations support the hypothesis (3-5). In vivo, local infusion of calcium into intact vascular beds of dogs evokes vasoconstriction (&lo), probably by increasing sarcoplasmic concentration of free calcium ion. If cell membrane permeability to calcium is, in fact, increased in hypertension, one would expect to also observe vascular hyperresponsiveness to calcium in vivo. However, we found no evidence for such abnormal vascular responses to calcium in dogs with renal hypertension (10). In the present work we investigated local responses to calcium in the limb vascular bed of normotensive men and men with essential hypertension. To our knowledge this is the first such study in man. Materials and Methods. We studied limb vascular responses in 18 male inpatients at the Veterans Administration Hospital, Saginaw, MI. Ten patients (nine Caucasian, one Black) had normotension documented by several normal casual blood pressure measurements during hospitalization. These con
Effect of Dietary Calcium and Phosphorus Levels on Body Burdens of Ingested Radiostrontium.

SummaryIt is emphasized that long term effects of dietary constituents on radiostrontium must be determined either by long term experiments or predicted from double tracer technics. Previous reports in disagreement as to the effect of increased dietary calcium on radiostrontium have been reconciled with predictions as follows: (a) in immature rats, elevated dietary calcium levels (within physiological ranges) with or without increased phosphorus levels would almost proportionately reduce the body burden of dietary radiostrontium, (b) in mature rats, elevated dietary calcium levels alone would not proportionately reduce the radiostrontium and (c) in mature rats, simultaneous increases in dietary calcium and phosphorus levels would to some degree reduce the ultimate body burden of radiostrontium.
The organization and ultrastructure of male meiotic chromosomes in oncopeltus fasciatus

1. The organization of the male meiotic chromosomes of the milkweed bug has been studied both by the squash technique and by the electron microscope examination of nuclei isolated on a Langmuir trough. The comparison shows that the visual image obtained with this new technique accords well with that obtained from the conventional light microscope. 2. In terms of their ultrastructure the chromosomes, at all phases of meiosis and in the immediate post-meiotic phase, are composed of basic microfibrillar units 250 A in diameter. 3. The structural basis of the heteropycnocity of the sex univalents as determined by the electron microscope supports the concept of heterochromatin as representing tightly coiled chromosome material. 4. It has not been possible to decide unambiguously whether the chromosome consists of many basic fibrils forming a genuine multistranded complex or whether one basic fibril is folded into a secondary or even tertiary structure thus simulating a multistranded state.
Luteinizing hormone secretion following intracerebroventricular administration of morphine in the prepuberal gilt.

Abstract Antagonism of endogenous opioids with naloxone stimulates luteinizing hormone (LH) release in mature but not prepuberal gilts. The present report demonstrates that the opiate agonist morphine (500 μg), administered intracerebroventricularly (ICV), reduced LH secretion in both ovariectomized mature and prepuberal gilts. We suggest that opioid receptors are functionally coupled to the GnRH secretory system in prepuberal gilts even though endogenous opioid peptide modulation of LH secretion was not demonstrable in our previous studies.
Variable requirements for herpes simplex virus immediate-early proteins in the expression of the adenovirus E2 gene.

Abstract Regulation of the adenovirus E2 gene by trans -activating proteins encoded by herpes simplex virus was investigated. Coinfection of Vero cells was performed with Ad5 dI3I2 (an E1 deletion mutant) and either wildtype HSV, mutant virus encoding a temperature-sensitive ICP4 protein (tsK), or mutants carrying deletions in the ICP4 (d120) or ICPO (dl × 3.1) gene. As detected by the presence of E2 mRNA, or the product of the E2 gene, 72-kDa DNA binding protein (DBP), functional ICP4 was sufficient for expression of the E2 gene. Regulation of E2 gene expression was at the level of transcription activation as judged by nuclear run-on assay. In contrast to results when Vero cells were coinfected, expression of 72-kDa DBP in CN3 cells, carrying an integrated copy of the E2 gene, required expression of both HSV immediate-early proteins. These results suggest that the DNA-protein organization of the target gene sequence may play a significant role in the ability of viral regulatory proteins to activate expression of heterologous as well as homologous genes.
A descriptive study of the attachment of public health nurses to family physicians' offices.

Public health nurses (PHNs) have been attached to family doctors' offices as one mode of organizing the delivery of nursing services in the community. However, different nurses function in different roles on a continuum from gener-alist to liaison. A descriptive study was undertaken to determine the most effective role for PHNs attached to family physicians' offices. Outcomes for both physicians and nurses were satisfaction with the role of the PHN, appropriateness of referrals, and accessibility for consultation. These outcomes were compared relative to the rating of PHNs of their role. A cohort of physicians without attachment PHNs were also surveyed to compare responses on the same criteria. The majority of nurses described their role generalist. This role was related to greater satisfaction for nurses and the physicians with whom they worked. Satisfaction with PHN service, ease of arranging consultation with PHN, and appropriateness of referrals from PHNs was greater for physicians who had the attachment than those who used the usual service.
Treatment of Voice Disorders in Children

Children with voice disorders do respond to treatment, with vocal hyperfunction being the predominant disorder on the caseload of the pediatric voice clinician. This article reviews the literature in describing what is known about these children and typical disorders, prevention of voice disorders, the need for treatment, the referral patterns of teachers and others, and typical management programs and their settings. Good online resources are offered and brief highlights about voice therapy with children are reviewed.
Translational to vibrational energy conversion during surface-induced dissociation of n-butylbenzene molecular ions colliding at self-assembled monolayer surfaces

Translational to vibrational (T-->V) energy conversion in the course of inelastic collisions of n-butylbenzene molecular ions with thiolate self-assembled monolayer (SAM) gold surfaces is studied to better understand internal energy uptake by the hyperthermal projectile ions. The projectile ion is selected by a mass spectrometer of BE configuration and product ions are analyzed using a quadrupole mass analyzer after kinetic energy selection with an electric sector. The branching ratio for formation of the fragment ions m/z 91 and m/z 92, measured over a range of collision energies, is used to estimate the average internal energy with the aid of calculations based on unimolecular dissociation kinetics [Rice-Ramsperger-Kassel-Marcus (RRKM) theory]. The measured T-->V conversion efficiencies (the fraction of the laboratory kinetic energy converted into internal energy) are 11 approximately 12% for dodecanethiolate SAM (H-SAM) and 19 approximately 20% for 2-perfluorooctylethanethiolate SAM (F-SAM), respectively, over ranges of a few 10s of eV. The values are similar to those reported earlier for other thermometer molecules undergoing surface collisions. Chemical sputtering leading to ionization of the surface is a prominent feature of the surface-induced dissociation (SID) spectra of n-butylbenzene acquired using the H-SAM surface but not the F-SAM surface because of the lower ionization energy of the former.
Survey of supersonic combustion ramjet research at Langley

The Hypersonic Propulsion Branch at NASA Langley Research Center has maintained an active research program in supersonic combustion ramjet (scramjet) and high speed ramjet propulsion since the 1960s. The focus for this research has centered on propulsion for manned reuseable vehicles with cryogenic hydrogen fuel. This paper presents some highlights of this research. The design philosophy of the Langley fixed-geometry airframe-integrated modular scramjet is discussed. The component development and research programs that have supported the successful demonstration of the engine concept using subscale engine module hardware is reviewed and a brief summary of the engine tests presented. An extensive bibliography of research supported by the Langley program is also included.
Hand dryer noise in public restrooms exceeds 80 dBA at 10 ft (3 m)

High airflow hand dryers are found in many public restrooms today. These dryers offer quick and clean hand drying, and are seen as being an environment-friendly alternative to paper towels. However, many new hand dryers are loud, exposing individuals using the facilities as well as those employees who clean the facilities to potentially dangerous noise. Prolonged exposure to high levels of occupational noise can cause damage to hair cells in the cochlea, resulting in varying degrees of noise-induced hearing loss. This study examined the intensity (in dBA) of the noise produced by the air dryers in campus restrooms. Hand dryer peak and average noise was measured with a sound level meter at 2.5 ft, 5 ft, and 10 ft from the dryer. Noise measurements did not decrease as predicted by the inverse-square law, probably because of the reverberative surfaces found in the restrooms. The small sample of hand dryers tested was mostly found to be producing more noise than the manufacturer claimed they would; indeed, none of the dryers would be safe for an 8-h workday exposure. While hand dryers do reduce paper trash, they pose as a different sort of hazard to our environment and population.
Stress concentration factors for nozzles in ellipsoidal pressure vessel heads due to thrust loads

Abstract A theoretical elastic analysis of the stresses due to a thrust applied to a radial nozzle in an ellipsoidal pressure vessel head has been carried out. The nozzle can be either flush or protruding. The results, in the form of stress concentration factors and shear stress concentration factors in the ellipsoidal shells, are presented as graphs of non-dimensional shell parameters.
Examining Diffusion and Arrest Avoidance Practices Among Johns

Research from the rational choice perspective found that some offenders adapt to law enforcement strategies using various tactics to decrease the risk of detection. Few have considered the effect that this has for criminals who engage in high and low visibility offending, as well as the ways in which arrest avoidance practices are communicated between and among offenders. In this qualitative study, the authors explore these issues using a sample of posts from Web forums for the customers of prostitutes in 10 cities in the United States. This analysis finds that johns openly discussed, shared, and used a variety of methods to decrease the risk of arrest as well as informal threats, such as assault or theft. Implications for law enforcement and rational choice theory are also discussed.
Induction chemotherapy, extrapleural pneumonectomy, and radiotherapy in the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma : The Memorial Sloan-Kettering experience

Summary Approximately 25% of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) prove unresectable at surgery and the median survival of stage III MPM is 2 days 1, 8) and cisplatin (75 mg/m 2 day 8) × 2–4 cycles. Patients underwent EPP 3–5 weeks after induction therapy, then 54 Gy RT 4–6 weeks postop. At surgery, 8/9 had complete resection by EPP with no postoperative deaths. All received planned adjuvant RT. This combined modality approach is feasible for locally advanced MPM, and initial analysis suggests improved resectability. This experience supports additional studies of induction and multimodality therapy, especially with regimens such as cisplatin and pemetrexed which may be better tolerated and more effective.
An 86-year-old man with intermittent fever for 1 month

An 86-year-old man presented with intermittent fever for 1 month. He had dull abdominal pain in the right upper quadrant for 2 weeks. The patient denied a productive cough, chest pain, and dysuria. He had no recent travel history and no body weight loss. He had no underlying systemic disease, such as diabetes mellitus. Physical examinations were not remarkable. Laboratory data revealed leukocytosis (white blood cells: 21.34 10/mL, neutrophils: 83.6%). Aspartate and alanine aminotransferase levels were 23 IU/L and 19 IU/L (normal range: < 31 IU/L), respectively, and total bilirubin was 0.3 mg/dL (normal range: 0.2e1.5 mg/dL). His alkaline phosphatase was 117 IU/L (normal range: 40e129 IU/L). Hepatitis B surface
High-fat meal impairs vascular compliance in a subgroup of young healthy subjects

Postprandial hypertriglyceridemia impairs endothelial function and may possibly worsen vascular compliance by increasing oxidative stress. Large (C1) and small (C2) artery compliance, glucose, insulin, and triglycerides (TGs) were measured hourly for 6 hours in 18 young healthy volunteers after a low-fat meal and a high-fat meal, with and without antioxidant vitamins. C1 and C2 declined significantly for 6 hours after fat ingestion in 8 subjects (“fat reactors”) and increased in 10 (“nonreactors”). Fat reactors had higher fasting and peak serum TGs after fat loading and increased baseline glucose and insulin levels and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMAIR). Fasting insulin correlated with C1 and C2 only in fat reactors. After fat intake, plasma nitric oxide metabolites decreased more in fat reactors than in nonreactors (17.0% ± 5.1% vs 4.8% ± 2.1%; P < .05). In fat reactors, pretreatment with antioxidant vitamins before the high-fat meal blunted the fall in C1 but not in C2. Compliance was unchanged after the low-fat meal. Normal weight young subjects with an insulin resistance phenotype show significantly decreased vascular compliance, increased postprandial TG peaks, and markedly reduced plasma nitric oxide metabolites after a high-fat meal.