cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Jocks, nerds, babes and thugs: A research note on regional differences in adolescent gender norms

We use data from 1,755 college students to explore regional differences in adolescent gender norms. Students attending four Northern universities and three Southern universities during the 1997–1998 academic year provided information on the ways that adolescents in their high schools had gained prestige with peers. The analyses revealed significant gender differences on fourteen of the fifteen most common avenues to prestige. Leading avenues to prestige for boys—sports, grades, and intelligence—did not vary by region. Leading avenues to prestige for girls—physical attractiveness, grades, and intelligence—also did not vary by region. However, consistent with the stronger emphasis on traditional moral views generally found in the South than the North, regional differences were found for several other avenues to prestige.
Treatment of γ-aminobutyric acidB receptor-antibody autoimmune encephalitis with oral corticosteroids

Background Autoimmune encephalitis is increasingly identified as a cause of nonviral, idiopathic encephalitis. Present treatment algorithms recommend costly immune-modulating treatments and do not identify a role for oral corticosteroids. Objective To present a patient with γ-aminobutyric acid B receptor–antibody encephalitis before and after treatment with oral corticosteroids. Design Case report. Setting The inpatient course as well as outpatient follow-up is discussed. Patient A 43-year-old man with initial presentation of seizures and altered mental status. Intervention Our patient was treated with an extended course of oral corticosteroids as an outpatient. Results After treatment with oral corticosteroids, our patient had steady clinical improvement, achieved seizure freedom, and experienced improved mental status to within normal limits. Conclusions This case supports the use of low-cost oral corticosteroids in treating patients with γ-aminobutyric acid B receptor–antibody encephalitis.
TREATMENT OF PEYRONIE'S DISEASE WITH INTRALESIONAL VERAPAMIL INJECTION

ABSTRACTPurpose: In a previous study, 83% of 14 patients noted that their symptoms of Peyronie's disease had arrested or improved after intralesional injection of verapamil. This nonrandomized, prospective study further investigates the use of verapamil in a larger, thoroughly characterized patient population.Materials and Methods: Forty-six men began treatment; 38 completed the study. Using a multiple puncture technique, 10 mg. of verapamil diluted to 10 cc were distributed throughout the plaque every 2 weeks for a total of 12 injections. Response to treatment was evaluated through subjective and objective measurements of pain, plaque size, deformity, duration of disease and sexual function, and with the Kelami classification system based on plaque size and curvature.Results: Pain resolved in 97% of the patients who presented with pain after a mean of 2.5 injections. After therapy, 76% reported a subjective decrease in curvature, 9.5% noted an increase and 14.5% remained unchanged. Of the treated patient...
Seed‐borne fungal endophytes on fourwing saltbush, Atriplex canescens

Fourwing saltbush, Atriplex canescens (Pursh) Nutt., produces copious quantities of small seed, with minimal nutrient reserves, protected in a hard porous capsule (utricle) that aids in dispersal. At germination, saprophytic fungi simultaneously colonize the utricle, testa, and root cortex cells of the emerging radicles. Seedling vigor was determined by measuring hypocotyl and radicle lengths after germination on minimal carbon or cellulose‐supplemented medium. Comparisons were made between seedlings from utricle‐excised and intact seed. Comparisons were also made between surface‐sterilized and nonsterile excised seed. Minimal growth responses were observed in germinating seedlings from excised seeds on minimal carbon medium. Fungi, utricles, and cellulose supplementation positively affected seedling vigor. The results support a hypothesis that septate fungi recycle utricles and access organic carbon for seedling establishment.
A Brief History of Culinary Arts Education in America

This paper recounts the heritage of culinary education, its historical foundations, and the individuals who provided early leadership in the culinary arts education movement. Also discussed are three key issues surrounding the creation of a successful system of culinary arts education in America: 1) school-industry partnership; 2) changing public perceptions towards the profession of chef and 3) the development of a systematic approach to culinary arts education.
Λ -neutron scattering lengths from radiative K − capture

Radiative capture of the K − by the deuteron is examined as a reaction for measurement of the �-neutron scattering lengths. Using the final state interaction, analogous to measurements of the radiative capture of pions by deuterium, the scattering lengths of both the triplet and singlet �-n interaction can be inferred. The problem of the separation of these two fundamental parameters without and with spin information in the experiment is addressed. It is shown that a measurement of the deviation of the vector deuteron polarization asymmetry from –1 provides a direct determination of the difference of the singlet and triplet scattering lengths.
Forced convection heat transfer in microencapsulated phase change material slurries: flow in circular ducts

Abstract The heat transfer characteristics of microencapsulated phase change material slurry flow in circular ducts are presented in this paper. The energy equation is formulated by taking into consideration both the heat absorption (or release) due to the phase change process and the conductivity enhancement induced by the motion of the particles. The heat source or heat generation function in the energy equation is derived from solutions for freezing or melting in a sphere. The correlation for the effective conductivity of the slurry is obtained based on available analytical and experimental results. The governing parameters are found to be the particle concentration, a bulk Stefan number, the duct/particle radius ratio, the particle/fluid conductivity ratio, and a modified Peclet number. For low temperature applications, it is found that the dominant parameters are the bulk Stefan number and concentration. The numerical solutions show that heat fluxes about 2–4 times higher than single phase flow may be achieved by a slurry system.
Organizational Commitment? What Organization?

When we talk about organizational commitment, what, exactly, do we mean by “organization”? What is it that people commit to? Reichers (1985) suggested that employees commit to the other people who make up organizations, not to abstract entities. This field study presents an initial test of a different conceptualization of organizational commitment. An organization can be defined by its reputation, traditions, mission, values, and policies, apart from the individuals and groups that make it up. Respondents were asked to focus on the organization's reputation, traditions, etc. but not its people, when answering organization-related questions. These data showed that employees can be committed to organizations in this sense. Focused organizational commitment had a unique effect on pro-organization behavior, beyond the effect of a more traditional (global) measure of organizational commitment and the effects of commitments to one's manager and co-workers. Global organizational commitment, on the other hand, did nothave a noticeable unique effect on pro-organization behavior, beyond the other commitments. However, most of the effect of the two organizational commitment measures on pro-organization behavior was shared by the two commitments. About half of the effect of both organizational commitments and commitments to managers and co-workers on pro-organization behavior was shared by these four commitments.
A revenue management system which can learn by itself

Most traditional revenue management systems do not directly learn from past mistakes in setting future inventory control policies. Instead, these systems rely on feedback loops created by forecasting and optimisation models and the resulting impacts on observed passenger behaviour. In this paper, we propose to apply the concept of ‘reinforcement learning’, borrowed from the field of industrial engineering, to create a revenue management system that can learn as it goes.
Sensing Driver Phone Use with Acoustic Ranging through Car Speakers

This work addresses the fundamental problem of distinguishing between a driver and passenger using a mobile phone, which is the critical input to enable numerous safety and interface enhancements. Our detection system leverages the existing car stereo infrastructure, in particular, the speakers and Bluetooth network. Our acoustic approach has the phone send a series of customized high frequency beeps via the car stereo. The beeps are spaced in time across the left, right, and if available, front and rear speakers. After sampling the beeps, we use a sequential change-point detection scheme to time their arrival, and then use a differential approach to estimate the phone's distance from the car's center. From these differences a passenger or driver classification can be made. To validate our approach, we experimented with two kinds of phones and in two different cars. We found that our customized beeps were imperceptible to most users, yet still playable and recordable in both cars. Our customized beeps were also robust to background sounds such as music and wind, and we found the signal processing did not require excessive computational resources. In spite of the cars' heavy multipath environment, our approach had a classification accuracy of over 90 percent, and around 95 percent with some calibrations. We also found, we have a low false positive rate, on the order of a few percent.
The Dodd-Frank Act: Financial Reform or Business as Usual?

This paper revisits the premises and promises of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010. It argues that it was based on flawed premises and for that reason failed to ...
On the fine structure and aggregation requirements of gel filtered platelets (GFP).

Hamster platelets separated from plasma by gel filtration (GFP) have been subjected to further studies: (1) The intraplatelet organelles of the GFP as examined by the electron microscope have an appearance similar to those of platelets in plasma and of platelets washed by centrifugation (CP). (2) The frequency of pseudopods exhibited by the GFP and platelets in PRP was significantly less than in the preparations of CP. However, GFP had more platelets with three or more pseudopods than did platelet left undisturbed in citrated plasma. (3) Electron microscopy of the GFP during ADP-induced aggregation showed these platelets to behave morphologically as PRP. (4) The Ca++ and Mg++ requirements of GFP in ADP-induced aggregation were similar to those reported earlier by other workers. (5) Addition of fibrinogen to GFP was not required for ADP-induced aggregation. (6) Albumin stabilized the GFP so that the platelets remained responsive to ADP for at least 3 h after gel filtration.
Software For A Universal CCD Test Facility

A computer-controlled CCD test facility has been developed based upon the Hewlett Packard HP9836C desktop computer. This paper describes the system and its operating software. Details of the control of the CCD operating parameters and some test procedures are described.
Design considerations and signal processing for a microwave rain gauge sensor

Previous works have validated the concept of a microwave rain gauge that operates as follows. With a microwave Doppler motion sensor, the Doppler shift created by falling rain drops is measured. One can then relate the corresponding fall velocity to rain rate. However, the available Doppler motion sensors are lacking in several aspects. Here we address the important electronic design and signal processing considerations related to a microwave-based rain gauge.
The Q-T Interval in Chronic Cor Pulmonale

In 13 patients in whom the diagnosis of chronic cor pulmonale was made after careful physiologic studies, the Q-T interval was found to be within normal limits regardless of the presence or absence of cardiac failure. The finding is in sharp contrast to the prolongation of this interval in the more common types of heart disease, as exemplified by a group of 14 patients with hypertensive and arteriosclerotic heart disease. Measurement of the Q-T interval therefore may be useful in differentiating pure chronic cor pulmonale from other types of heart disease with congestive failure.
Magnetic resonance imaging in pediatric neurologic disorders

We present our initial experience with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in 301 pediatric patients with a variety of neurologic disorders. MRI does not require ionizing radiation and can be done easily and safely in children. It is equal or superior to computed cranial tomographic (CT) scans in demonstrating most types of pediatric neurologic disorders. MRI is often superior to CT scans in demonstrating intracranial tumors, although both studies are usually abnormal in highly malignant tumors. No clear advantage was shown with either MRI or CT scans for fluid-filled intracranial lesions. Lesions of the brain stem and upper cervical region, such as Chiari malformation, are well delineated by MRI. Increased signal from the paranasal sinuses was frequently evident by MRI, but, in most instances, there was no clinical indication of sinus disease. Large arteries can be visualized as an area of diminished signal, and intracranial hemorrhage, dural sinus thrombosis, and cerebral infarction were demonstrated. The increased anatomic detail pictured by MRI allows the diagnosis of congenital defects, such as agenesis of the corpus callosum or septum pellucidum, that are not always apparent with CT scans. Although our experience with spinal cord lesions was not extensive, fluid-filled lesions within the cord can be reliably demonstrated.
ANALYSIS OF PATIENTS WITH OLIGOMETASTASES UNDERGOING TWO OR MORE CURATIVE-INTENT STEREOTACTIC RADIOTHERAPY COURSES

Purpose A subset of patients treated with curative-intent stereotactic radiotherapy (RT) for limited metastases (defined as five lesions or fewer) develop local failure and/or a small number of new lesions. We hypothesized that these patients would remain amenable to curative-intent treatment with additional RT courses. Methods and Materials Of 121 prospective patients with five lesions or fewer treated with stereotactic RT, 32 underwent additional RT courses for local failure ( n = 9) and/or new lesions ( n = 29). Ten patients underwent three or more courses of RT. Results The treated local failures developed a median of 20 months after RT completion. For the new oligometastases, the interval between the first and second RT course was 1–71 months (median, 8). Of the 32 patients undergoing multiple courses of curative-intent RT, the 2-year overall survival and progression-free survival rate was 65% and 54%, respectively. The corresponding 4-year rates were 33% and 28%. Compared with the 89 patients who underwent one RT course, these patients experienced a trend toward improved overall survival (median, 32 vs. 21 months, p = 0.13) and significantly greater progression-free survival (median, 28 vs. 9 months, p = 0.008). Conclusion The results of our study have shown that patients fare well with respect to survival and disease control with aggressive RT for limited metastases, even after local failure and/or the development of new metastases. Although patients amenable to multiple courses of curative-intent RT are arguably selected for more indolent disease, our hypothesis-generating analysis supports the notion of aggressively treating limited metastases, which, in some patients, might be curable and/or represent a chronic disease state.
HOW WELL CAN CHILD PEDESTRIANS ESTIMATE POTENTIAL TRAFFIC HAZARDS

An assessment was made of the perception skills and visual cues of schoolchildren in two schools where at least 50% of the children walk to and from school. This study, involving 79 schoolchildren, indicated that their current level of training to cross streets may not be sufficient for the prevalent traffic environments. Schoolchildren in the before-and-after school program were interviewed in July 2001. When shown a photograph of an intersection that was traversed by some of the children, about 90% forgot basic instructions about which directions they should look. Responses varied by gender, age, and school. A surprising 50% of schoolchildren who walked home either alone or accompanied did not know their home address. Of those driven to school, 41% had complete knowledge of their address. This study confirmed earlier findings that children may be overwhelmed by traffic complexity. The average overall score was 11.8 out of 18 (highest achievable score). The percentage of correct responses varied consider...
An electrophysiological study of scene effects on object identification.

The meaning of a visual scene influences the identification of visual objects embedded in it. We investigated the nature and time course of scene effects on object identification by recording event-related brain potentials (ERPs) and response times (RTs). In three experiments, participants identified objects within a scene that were either semantically congruous (e.g., a pot in a kitchen) or incongruous (e.g., a desk in a river). As expected, RTs were faster for congruous than incongruous objects. The earliest sign of reliable scene congruity effects in the ERPs (greater positivity for congruous pictures between 300 and 500 ms) was around 300 ms. Both the morphology and time course of the N390 scene congruity effect are reminiscent of the N400 sentence congruity effect typically observed in sentence context paradigms, suggesting a functional similarity of the neural processes involved. Overall, these results support theories postulating that visual scenes do not appreciably affect object identification processes before associated semantic information is activated. We speculate that the N390 scene congruity effect reflects the action of visual scene schemata stored in the anterior temporal lobe.
Interstitial Lung Diseases of Unknown Cause: Disorders Characterized by Chronic Inflammation of the Lower Respiratory Tract

Iere partie: sarcoidose, histiocytose X. Le diagnostic, l'evaluation du stade, le traitement
Propagation of ion-acoustic solitons into a weak localized magnetic field, I - transverse field

Experiments on the propagation of an ion-acoustic soliton from an isotropic plasma into a region where a localized magnetic field exists are described. The solitons propagate in a direction that is almost perpendicular to the magnetic field. The strength of the field is sufficient to magnetize the electrons but leave the ions unmagnetized.
Effects of solvent viscosity and different guanidine salts on the kinetics of ribonuclease A chain folding

The kinetics of folding of the two forms of unfolded ribonuclease A have been measured as a function of solvent viscosity by adding either glycerol or sucrose. The aim is to find out if either reaction is rate limited by segmental motion whose rate depends on external friction. The fast folding reaction (U2 ⇄ N) is known to be the direct folding process, and the slow folding reaction (U1 ⇌ N) is known to be rate limited by an interconversion between two forms (U1 ⇌ U2) which are present after unfolding in strongly denaturing conditions. No dependence on solvent viscosity is found, either for the direct folding reaction or for the interconversion reaction. Each folding reaction has also been tested to see if its rate depends on the concentration of one or more partly folded intermediates, by adding denaturants destabilize any partly folded structures. Different guanidine salts are used as denaturants to vary the denaturing effectiveness of the salt while holding the guanidinium ion concentration constant. The rates both of the direct folding reaction and of the interconversion reaction decrease in relation to the denaturing effectiveness of the salt. However, there is a basic difference between the responses of the fast and slow folding reactions to low concentrations of denaturants. Although each folding reaction produces native protein, there is an 800-fold decrease in the rate of the fast folding reaction in 1M guanidine thiocyanate and only a 13-fold decrease in the rate of the slow folding reaction. This is consistent with the fast reaction being the direct folding process and the slow reaction being rate limited by the initial conversion of the slowrefolding to the fast-refolding form. Both the lack of viscosity dependence and the effects of denaturants indicate that the formation of structure is rate limiting in the direct folding reaction, U2 ⇌ N. The failure to find a viscosity dependence for the interconversion reaction, U1 ⇌ U2, indicates that in this reaction also friction-limited segmental motion is not the rate-limiting process. Since the U1 ⇌ U2 interconversion still occurs when the polypeptide chain is completely unfolded, the surprising result is that its rate in refolding conditions depends significantly on a reaction intermediate which is “denatured” by guanidine salts.
Transneuronal cell atrophy in the congenitally deaf white cat

Deaf white cats with congenitally determined lesions of the organ of Corti were found to have transneuronal degeneration in the form of reduced cell size in the ventral cochlear nucleus and the superior olivary complex. A young deaf white cat with a normal spiral ganglion cell population showed no evidence of acoustic nerve fiber or ending loss despite the presence of atrophied cells in the ventrical cochlear nucleus. Spiral ganglion cell depopulation as found in an adult deaf white cat was evident only in the lower cochlear turns. Graphic reconstructions of the cochleas showed that deaf white cats fell within the normal range of cochlear length and spiral development. A non-deaf white cat with overdeveloped convolutions of the lateral superior olivary nucleus had the most extensively coiled cochlea of the cats examined.
Sandwiching random graphs: universality between random graph models

Abstract The goal of this paper is to establish a connection between two classical models of random graphs: the random graph G ( n , p ) and the random regular graph G d ( n ). This connection appears to be very useful in deriving properties of one model from the other and explains why many graph invariants are universal. In particular, one obtains one-line proofs of several highly non-trivial and recent results on G d ( n ).
Erratum: “Temperature dependence of 1∕f noise mechanisms in silicon nanowire biochemical field effect transistors” [Appl. Phys. Lett. 97, 243501 (2010)]

[This corrects the article on p. 243501 in vol. 97, PMID: 21221250.][This corrects the article on p. 243501 in vol. 97, PMID: 21221250.].
Multidisciplinary pediatric trauma team training using high-fidelity trauma simulation.

Abstract Background Trauma resuscitations require a high level of team performance. This study evaluated the impact of a comprehensive effort to improve trauma care through multidisciplinary education and the use of simulation training to reinforce training and evaluate performance. Methods For a 1-year period, expanded trauma education including monthly trauma simulation sessions using high-fidelity simulators was implemented. All members of the multidisciplinary trauma resuscitation team participated in education, including simulations. Each simulation session included 2 trauma scenarios that were videotaped for debriefing as well as subsequent analysis of team performance. Scored simulations were divided into early (initial 4 months) and late (final 4 months) for comparison. Results For the first year of the program, 160 members of our multidisciplinary team participated in the simulation. In the early group, the mean percentage of appropriately completed tasks was 65%, whereas in the late group, this increased to 75% ( P Conclusions Training of a multidisciplinary team in the care of pediatric trauma patients can be enhanced and evaluated through the use of high-fidelity simulation. Improvements in team performance using innovative technology can translate into more efficient care with fewer errors.
Temporal lobe surface area measurements on MRI in normal and dyslexic readers

In a neuroanatomical study of dyslexia, measurements were made of the superior surface of the temporal lobe (SSTL) on MRI scans in a sample of 17 dyslexics and 21 non-dyslexic subjects. Both anterior and posterior halves of the SSTL area showed significant leftward asymmetry in non-dyslexics, but showed symmetry in dyslexics. The total SSTL area showed greater leftward asymmetry in non-dyslexics than in dyslexics. The dyslexics also revealed a significant correlation (r = 0.69, P = 0.005) between Woodcock-Johnson Passage Comprehension scores and posterior SSTL asymmetry, such that those with higher scores had more leftward asymmetry. This suggests that among dyslexics the direction of SSTL asymmetry may serve as a risk factor and/or a marker for the severity of reading comprehension problems.
Self-control and depression: An appraisal

The self-control model, as applied to depression (L. P. Rehm, Behavior Therapy, 1977, 8, 787–804), contains a number of conceptual problems related to behavioral self-control. Specifically, the model establishes “self-control” as an intervening variable views “control” as an operation rather than a functional relationship, and relies on the questionable notion of self-reinforcement. While Rehm's model has useful implications for the clinical treatment of depression, its application for explanatory purposes may be premature.
Male reproductive characteristics of white-tailed deer during November and December☆

Testes weights, epididymides weights, and spermatozoa contents of both organs were studied in 73 male white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) of various ages killed in November and December in South Carolina. Testes weights of all adult deer were significantly (P < 0.05) lighter in December than in November; epididymal weights did not significantly differ between months. Testicular spermatozoa numbers were significantly (P < 0.05) lower in December than in November; epididymal spermatozoa numbers were not significantly different between months. The following characteristics increased (P < 0.05) with age in both months: body weight, testes weights, and epididymides weights. Testicular and epididymal spermatozoa numbers increased (P < 0.05) with age in November, but not in December. There were no significant differences between left and right sides of the reproductive tract in the following: testes weights, epididymes weights, and spermatozoa contents of both organs. The data indicate sequential reduction of the process of spermatogenesis following November and confirm that data taken from organs on either side of the reproductive tract are representative of the entire tract.
A programmable charger for monitoring and control of multi-cell lithium-ion batteries

Lithium-Ion batteries are becoming the favorable selection for most portable electronics and more recently electric and hybrid-electric vehicles. This is mainly due to their high energy density and low self-discharge rate. On the other hand, lithium-ion batteries require supervision while charging and discharging to maintain the voltage and current within safe limits. This paper presents a real-time programmable approach to charge lithium-ion batteries with multiple cells. Mathwork's Simulink environment is used in real-time to control a current source to charge the battery. The control logic monitors the battery cells voltages that are read through an A/D converter and then calculates the desired charging current levels. The proposed system allows engineers and researchers to easily implement and test different lithium ion battery charging methods. Furthermore, the Simulink environment allows real-time monitoring and permits charging profiles to be implemented at ease. The system is demonstrated through two different charging methods. The variations of the charging current and cell voltages are presented and compared, demonstrating the flexibility of the system.
Alterations of the p53 gene in Epstein-Barr virus-associated immunodeficiency-related lymphomas.

Mutations of the p53 tumor suppressor gene are among the most common genetic alterations found in many different human malignancies, including those of the colon, lung, and breast. Alterations in wild-type p53 lead to loss of the suppressor function and thus contribute to tumorigenesis. The potential role of p53 mutations in a sampling of B-cell lymphomas, the majority of which were associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), was investigated. Twenty-six biopsy specimens from immunocompromised patients, including allograft recipients and patients with AIDS, Wiscott-Aldrich syndrome, and human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 infection, in comparison with three Burkitt lymphomas and four Burkitt lymphoma cell lines were analyzed. Mutation in p53 was detected in all four Burkitt lymphoma cell lines as well as the three Burkitt lymphoma biopsy specimens. In patients with AIDS, 5 of 10 lymphomas were EBV positive, and 1 had a mutation in p53. Mutation in p53 was not detected in 14 EBV-positive lymphomas which arose in transplant recipients. These data indicate that with the exception of Burkitt lymphomas, p53 mutations are not involved in the majority EBV-positive B-cell lymphomas which develop in immunocompromised patients. Images
INFLUENCE OF DROUGHT STRESS ON SWEETPOTATO RESISTANCE TO SWEETPOTATO WEEVIL, CYLAS FORMICARIUS (COLEOPTERA: APOINIDAE), AND STORAGE ROOT CHEMISTRY

Abstract The effect of drought stress on the resistance of sweetpotato roots to sweetpotato weevil (SPW), Cylas formicarius (Fab.), was studied in 1997 and 1998 in two genotypes (“Beauregard” and “Excel”) with different SPW susceptibility. Storage roots produced under drought or normal conditions were tested for adult feeding, oviposition, larval survival and pupal weight in the laboratory under no-choice and free-choice test conditions. The levels of sweetpotato resin glycoside and caffeic acid in the periderm tissue of the roots were also determined. Drought-stressed roots received significantly more SPW eggs under no-choice and free-choice conditions and more feeding punctures under free-choice conditions than non-stressed roots in 1997. Larval survival rate was significantly lower on drought-stressed roots. A significant drought effect on feeding, oviposition and larval survival was absent in 1998. Drought stress had no effect on sweetpotato resin glycosides content in both years, but significantly re...
Time-dependent performance of MSK, DPSK, and MFSK waveforms in a slow-fading nuclear disturbed channel

The author extends previous results and presents the performance of several common waveform implementations in the presence of a slow-fading nuclear disturbed environment. Specifically, bit error rate (BER) performance data were generated as a function of time after burst (TAB) for minimum shift keying (MSK), differential phase shift keying (DPSK), and M-ary frequency shift keying (MFSK) modulation techniques for a variety of nuclear detonation scenarios. Data were generated for various combinations of forward error correction (FEC) coding, spread spectrum, and signal diversity techniques assuming a broadband jamming threat. >
Testing the mere effort account of the evaluation-performance relationship.

Research traditions in psychology in which the evaluation–performance relationship was examined do not show agreement on the mediating process, nor is there any compelling evidence that favors one account over the others. On the basis of a molecular analysis of performance on the Remote Associates Test (RAT), Harkins (2006) argued that the potential for evaluation motivates participants to perform well, which potentiates prepotent responses. If the prepotent response is correct, performance is facilitated. If the prepotent response is incorrect, and participants do not know, or if they lack the knowledge or time required for correction, performance is debilitated. The present research pits this mere effort account against 4 other potential explanations (withdrawal of effort, processing interference, focus of attention, and drive) on 3 tasks that were specifically selected for this purpose (anagram solution, the Stroop Color–Word task, and the antisaccade task). In each case, the results are consistent with the mere effort account.
High-frequency Miocene sequence stratigraphy, offshore Louisiana: Cycle framework and influence on production distribution in a mature shelf province

The regressive Miocene succession of offshore Louisiana comprises 10 third-order sequences and no fewer than 58 fourth-order sequences, which average approximately 1.1 and 0.19 m.y. in duration, respectively, comparable to durations measured in the Gulf Coast Basin and basins worldwide. Upper lower to middle Miocene distal third-order sequences comprise mostly lowstand prograding-wedge, slope-fan, and basin-floor-fan deposits. In contrast, middle to upper Miocene medial sequences record progressively more landward systems tracts: (1) the lateral transition between on-shelf incised-valley fills and the proximal parts of basinward-thickening, lowstand prograding wedges and (2) cyclic on-shelf highstand and transgressive systems tracts. Upper Miocene inner-shelf and marginal marine systems tracts and more abundant incised valleys dominate the thinner proximal third-order sequences.This genetic framework has a major influence on hydrocarbon distribution. Although a strong structural-trapping component is present in the fields, more than 90% of cumulative production originates where fourth-order systems tracts stack to form third-order lowstand systems tracts in all 10 third-order sequences. The development of a high-frequency sequence framework for the prolific Miocene succession and the discovery that hydrocarbons are pooled within the Miocene third-order lowstand systems tracts yield a focused model for the development of abundant undiscovered Miocene reserves in the mature northern Gulf of Mexico shelf province.
Drag Coefficients of a Long Flexible Circular Cylinder with Wake Interference

Drag coefficients of the downstream cylinder in a tandem arrangement of two models aligned with the flow are shown in this work. The models, which experienced vortex-induced vibrations with wake interference, had an external diameter of 16 mm and a total length of 1.5 m giving an aspect ratio of about 94. More than 400 runs were carried out in a water flume with only the lower 40% of the models exposed to the current. The flow speed was varied up to 0.75 m/s giving Reynolds numbers in the range from 1200 to 12000. A supporting structure. where the models were attached. allowed changes in the centre to centre distances and in the applied top tensions. Separations of up to 4 diameters were tested with tension variations from 15 to l10 N. Reduced velocities based on the fundamental natural frequency reached values up to 16. The mass ratio of the models was around 1.8 and the combined mass-damping parameter about 0.05.
Doing Good, Public Good, and Public Value: Why the Differences Matter

In this article, using multiple illustrative case examples, we demonstrate that philanthropic institutions are in the business of creating public value. In framing the work of philanthropy more broadly to include the process of public value creation, philanthropic institutions and leaders are challenged to be more strategic not only in their mission-fulfillment grant-making with nonprofit organizations but also in the way they stimulate and encourage collaboration, create the “third space” necessary to incubate ideas to transform society, and leverage resources to increase the return on their investments toward system-wide change. The implications for philanthropic actors and institutions suggest that the strategic contributions they make toward creation of public value are those that go beyond transactional performance measures, such as number of dollars spent or clients receiving services, to include ways that their investments are amplified by meaningful partnerships with nonprofit and other organizations, changed behaviors of institutions and individuals, and transformative public policies.
Mixmaster Behavior in Inhomogeneous Cosmological Spacetimes

Numerical investigation of a class of inhomogeneous cosmological spacetimes shows evidence that at a generic point in space the evolution toward the initial singularity is asymptotically that of a spatially homogeneous spacetime with mixmaster behavior. This supports a long-standing conjecture due to Belinskii et al. on the nature of the generic singularity in Einstein's equations.
Fetal partial urethral obstruction causes renal fibrosis and is associated with proteolytic imbalance.

AbstractPurpose: We determine whether fetal bladder outlet obstruction induces renal fibrosis, and is associated with an alteration in the regulation of connective tissue degradation and the presence of fibrogenic interstitial cells.Materials and Methods: Partial bladder outlet obstruction was surgically induced in 33 fetal sheep at 95 days of gestation. These animals and 24 normal age matched controls were sacrificed at 109, 116 and 135 (term) days of gestation, and the kidneys were rapidly retrieved, drained and weighed. Representative whole kidney samples were snap frozen for assessment of deoxyribonucleic acid, protein and collagen content. Morphometric analysis and alpha-smooth muscle actin immunohistochemistry were performed on histological specimens from formalin fixed kidneys. Tissue extract from fresh kidney specimens were analyzed for metalloproteinase and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase activity. Urine samples obtained at the time of sacrifice were analyzed for electrolyte, creatinine and...
Regulatory circuit of human microRNA biogenesis.

miRNAs (microRNAs) are a class of endogenous small RNAs that are thought to negatively regulate protein production. Aberrant expression of many miRNAs is linked to cancer and other diseases. Little is known about the factors that regulate the expression of miRNAs. We have identified numerous regulatory elements upstream of miRNA genes that are likely to be essential to the transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of miRNAs. Newly identified regulatory motifs occur frequently and in multiple copies upstream of miRNAs. The motifs are highly enriched in G and C nucleotides, in comparison with the nucleotide composition of miRNA upstream sequences. Although the motifs were predicted using sequences that are upstream of miRNAs, we find that 99% of the top-predicted motifs preferentially occur within the first 500 nucleotides upstream of the transcription start sites of protein-coding genes; the observed preference in location underscores the validity and importance of the motifs identified in this study. Our study also raises the possibility that a considerable number of well-characterized, disease-associated transcription factors (TFs) of protein-coding genes contribute to the abnormal miRNA expression in diseases such as cancer. Further analysis of predicted miRNA–protein interactions lead us to hypothesize that TFs that include c-Myb, NF-Y, Sp-1, MTF-1, and AP-2α are master-regulators of miRNA expression. Our predictions are a solid starting point for the systematic elucidation of the causative basis for aberrant expression patterns of disease-related (e.g., cancer) miRNAs. Thus, we point out that focused studies of the TFs that regulate miRNAs will be paramount in developing cures for miRNA-related diseases. The identification of the miRNA regulatory motifs was facilitated by a new computational method, K-Factor. K-Factor predicts regulatory motifs in a set of functionally related sequences, without relying on evolutionary conservation.
Molecular photoacoustic tomography of breast cancer using receptor targeted magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles as contrast agents

In this report, we present a breast imaging technique combining high-resolution near-infrared (NIR) light induced photoacoustic tomography (PAT) with NIR dye-labeled amino-terminal fragments of urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) targeted magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (NIR830-ATF-IONP) for breast cancer imaging using an orthotopic mouse mammary tumor model. We show that accumulation of the targeted nanoparticles in the tumor led to photoacoustic contrast enhancement due to the high absorption of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONP). NIR fluorescence images were used to validate specific delivery of NIR830-ATF-IONP to mouse mammary tumors. We found that systemic delivery of the targeted IONP produced 4- and 10-fold enhancement in photoacoustic signals in the tumor, compared to the tumor of the mice that received non-targeted IONP or control mice. The use of targeted nanoparticles allowed imaging of tumors located as deep as 3.1 cm beneath the normal tissues. Our study indicates the potential of the combination of photoacoustic tomography and receptor-targeted NIR830-ATF-IONP as a clinical tool that can provide improved specificity and sensitivity for breast cancer detection.
Grr1-dependent Inactivation of Mth1 Mediates Glucose-induced Dissociation of Rgt1 from HXT Gene Promoters

In budding yeast, HXT genes encoding hexose permeases are induced by glucose via a mechanism in which the F box protein Grr1 antagonizes activity of the transcriptional repressor Rgt1. Neither the mechanism of Rgt1 inactivation nor the role of Grr1 in that process has been understood. We show that glucose promotes phosphorylation of Rgt1 and its dissociation from HXT gene promoters. This cascade of events is dependent upon the F-box protein Grr1. Inactivation of Rgt1 is sufficient to explain the requirement for Grr1 but does not involve Rgt1 proteolysis or ubiquitination. We show that inactivation of Mth1 and Std1, known negative regulators of HXT gene expression, leads to the hyperphosphorylation of Rgt1 and its dissociation from HXT promoters even in the absence of glucose. Furthermore, inactivation of Mth1 and Std1 bypasses the requirement for Grr1 for induction of these events, suggesting they are targets for inactivation by Grr1. Consistent with that proposal, Mth1 is rapidly eliminated in response to glucose via a mechanism that requires Grr1. Based upon these data, we propose that glucose acts via Grr1 to promote the degradation of Mth1. Degradation of Mth1 leads to phosphorylation and dissociation of Rgt1 from HXT promoters, thereby activating HXT gene expression.
An Armamentarium of Wart Treatments

Patients and clinicians experience the frustration of cutaneous viral warts caused by infection with the human papilloma virus (HPV).Warts appear in various forms on different sites of the body and include common warts (verruca vulgaris), plane or flat warts, myrmecia, plantar warts, coalesced mosaic warts, filiform warts, periungual warts, anogenital warts (venereal or condyloma acuminata), oral warts and respiratory papillomas. Cervical infection with HPV is now known to cause cervical cancer if untreated. A review of the medical literature reveals a huge armamentarium of wart monotherapies and combination therapies. Official evidence-based guidelines exist for the treatment of warts, but very few of the reported treatments have been tested by rigorous blinded, randomized controlled trials.Therefore, official recommendations do not often include treatments with reportedly high success rates, but they should not be ignored when considering treatment options. It is the purpose of this review to provide a comprehensive overview of the wart treatment literature to expand awareness of the options available to practitioners faced with patients presenting with problematic warts.
Localization and characterization of adenosine receptor expression in rat testis.

Adenosine has long been suspected to play an important role in regulating male reproduction. To determine the sites of adenosine action in testis, the distribution of a family of recently cloned adenosine receptors was examined in rats. Northern blot analysis and in situ hybridization studies revealed high levels of testicular A3 adenosine receptor messenger RNA and lower levels of A1 adenosine receptor messenger RNA. Neither A2a nor A2b adenosine receptor gene expression could be detected. In situ hybridization and comparative polymerase chain reaction studies showed high level A3 receptor gene expression in germ cells (spermatocytes and spermatids), whereas high levels of A1 receptor gene expression was seen in Sertoli cells. To test for the presence of functional A1 and A3 receptors, the regulation of adenylyl cyclase by adenosine analogs was examined in seminiferous tubules and spermatozoa. Treatment of seminiferous tubules with forskolin resulted in a 5-fold increase in cAMP levels. The A1/A3 recepto...
A novel 3D display using multi-hyperstereo image stitching

2-D displays present significant visualization deficits and can hinder task performance when accurate perception of depth is required. Navigation of rugged terrain, scouting, and object detection at a distance all present limitations when viewed on traditional 2-D displays. The current investigation presents a novel use of stereo and hyperstereo image pairs to create a 3-D representation of the visual scene. Use of the stereo base pair provides natural depth perception for near-field viewing, while hyperstereo image pairs augment natural depth acuity for distant scenes.
Frequency-dependent photorefractive response in the presence of applied ac electric fields

We consider the process of nonstationary enhancement of the photorefractive effect through the application of time-varying (square-wave) electric fields. By examining the full second-order equation governing the photorefractive response, we show that this response is strongly dependent on the frequency of the applied ac field and exhibits a maximum when the period of oscillation is between the photorefractive response time, τP, and the charge-recombination time in the medium, tR. Furthermore, we show that the diffraction efficiency, the gain, and the phase of the response fluctuate in tandem with the oscillating applied field, and we examine the dependence of these fluctuations on the driving frequency. These frequency-dependent phenomena are described both by numerical integration of the charge-transport equations and through an analytic solution thereof. From this analysis we obtain simple expressions for the magnitude of the efficiency, the gain, and the phase fluctuations and the conditions for maximum average diffraction efficiency. In particular, we show that the oscillation period yielding the maximum response behaves as a weighted geometric average of the response and the recombination times of the form T = constant × (τP2tR)1/3. These results are compared with those of earlier analyses of ac-field enhancement and are then verified in a BSO crystal to which ac fields over a range of frequencies are applied.
Cell surface binding of LBP—LPS complexes to a protein component distinct from CD14:

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) binding protein (LBP) is a serum molecule that mediates cellular activation in response to endotoxin by ensuring the delivery of LPS to either soluble or membrane bound forms of CD14. Aside from this activating role, previous work has shown that LBP and LPS can bind to cells by forming large aggregates which are anchored by mCD14. This binding phenomenon does not correlate with cellular activation. To further characterize these events, we have generated a biologically active radiolabeled LBP ligand with high specific activity. Through the use of this ligand in whole cell binding assays, we have confirmed that the binding of LBP to CHO cells expressing mCD14 is LPS dependent, blocked by the anti-LBP antibodies 18G4 and 2B5, and appears to involve the self aggregation of LBP—LPS complexes on the cell surface. Moreover, we discovered that non-transfected CHO cells also exhibit a binding phenomenon with all the above characteristics of CHO-mCD14 cells. Binding through this latter rece...