cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Lymphocyte transformation in patients with Kaposi's sarcoma

This study describes a correlation between the morphologic types of cutaneous Kaposi's sarcomata and the capacity of lymphocytes to be stimulated in culture with PHA and tumour cells. Lymphocytes from patients with the sarcoma and from normal controls were cultured in vitro with PHA, autologous Mitomycin-inhibited tumour cells, and control cells. Lymphocyte transformation was evaluated by measuring the uptake of 125 iodo-2′ deoxyuridine. Lymphocytes from seven of 21 Kaposi patients showed increased transformation in cultures containing tumour cells and six of these seven patients had nodular or infiltrative disease. An impaired response to both PHA and tumour cells was noted in patients with florid tumours, a form thought to be associated with a diminished host response. Standardized extracts of tumour and control cells were incubated with homologous lymphocytes from other Kaposi patients and normal controls. Two of nine cultures from Kaposi patients showed increased isotope uptake, compared with none of three control cultures. La presente etude met en evidence une correlation entre les types morphologiques du sarcome cutane de Kaposi et l'aptitude des lymphocytes a se transformer dans des cultures contenant de la PHA et des cellules tumorales. Des lymphocytes de malades atteints de sarcome et de temoins normaux ont ete cultives in vitro avec de la PHA, des cellules-temoins et des cellules tumorales autologues inhibees par la Mitomycine. La transformation des lymphocytes a ete evaluee d'apres l'incorporation de 125 iodo-2' desoxy-uridine. On a constate une transformation accrue des lymphocytes de 7 malades sur 21 dans les cultures contenant des cellules tumorales, dont 6 provenaient de sujets atteints d'une forme de tumeur nodulaire ou infiltrante. On a observe une reponse attenuee a la PHA et aux cellules tumorales chez les malades atteints de tumeurs florides, forme que l'on croit associee a une reponse attenuee de l'hǒte. Des extraits normalises de cellules tumorales et de cellules-temoins ont ete incubes avec des lymphocytes homologues provenant d'autres sujets atteints de sarcome de Kaposi et de temoins normaux. On a observe une incorporation accrue d'isotopes dans 2 des 9 cultures provenant des malades, ce qui ne s'est produit dans aucune des 3 cultures-temoins.
Consumer attitudes towards and satisfaction with emergency contraception counselling: experience from clinic and retail pharmacy settings.

OBJECTIVE: To collectively assess consumer attitudes towards and satisfaction with emergency contraception (EC) counselling by student pharmacists in two different locations: an academic healthcare clinic and a retail pharmacy. METHODS: EC counselling was provided by trained student pharmacists utilizing a standardized education toolkit. Participants were asked to rate the counselling at the end of the knowledge survey. In addition to descriptive statistics we compared the self-reported attitudes and satisfaction with the counselling between the two sites. KEY FINDINGS: The majority of participants from both settings rated strongly agree on the attitude and satisfaction statements for the EC counselling. Participants from the clinic setting rated higher in two of the four statements than the participants from the retail setting. CONCLUSIONS: Participants had positive attitudes towards and were highly satisfied with the EC counselling in both settings. EC counselling should be encouraged in practice settings. (c) 2014 Royal Pharmaceutical Society.
Effect of Clinker Chemistry on Salt Scaling Resistance of Concrete

Work was conducted under a larger experimental program investigating the effects of processing additions on the performance of portland cements in concrete mixtures. One of the findings of this work is that there appears to be a trend that increasing tricalcium aluminate and the alkali content of the cement clinker increases the risk of freeze-thaw damage when tests are done in the laboratory. This trend was observed in mixtures with adequate air void systems and similar compressive strengths. It is possible that this effect is due to the increased osmotic pressures set up by increasing alkali contents in the pore solutions.
The effect of repeated firings and strength on marginal distortion in two ceramometal systems

1. Segments of the margin with porcelain adjacent to them did not change more than those without porcelain. 2. The marginal opening in the specimen made from the higher strength metal increased more than those made from the lower strength metal.
Common denominators in retained orbital wooden foreign body.

Purpose:To identify some of the common denominators in the diverse presentation of retained orbital wooden foreign bodies.Methods:A review of 9 cases of previously unrecognized retained orbital wooden foreign bodies. Intervention included surgical removal of the foreign bodies in 8 cases and fistula
On the nature of the superfluid critical velocity

Abstract The Feynman backflow is generalized to include unsteady turbulent flows in the superfluid. Emission of real quanta of the self-consistent retarded backflow velocity field are the cause of the turbulent instability.
Evaluation of the indirect hemagglutination assay as a practical serodiagnostic test for mycoplasmal pneumonia of swine

Sera from swine experimentally or naturally infected with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (the etiological agent of mycoplasmal pneumonia of swine, MPS) were tested by the indirect hemagglutination assay (IHA), the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the complement fixation (CF) test. The IHA detected antibody at comparable times and levels to the other 2 serological tests following experimentally-induced infection. In the late antibody response (greater than or equal to 86 days post-infection), the ELISA titres were higher than either the IHA or the CF test. The IHA appeared least satisfactory when it was used to test sera from commercial swine herds. When 1000 sera were tested, the IHA was positive for only 30 (22%) of 135 sera which were positive by the ELISA and the CF test. The IHA titres were low; 20 of the 30 sera had a titre of only 10. The end-points for the IHA were difficult to read for sera of this low titre. The relationship between positive IHA results for the herd sera obtained at necropsy, and the occurrence of gross or microscopic lesions typical of MPS was poor (41 and 50% agreement, respectively). An agreement of 39% was noted between positive IHA results and the localization of mycoplasmal antigens by an indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) test. However, IHA results correlated significantly (P less than 0.05) with gross and microscopic lesions, but not with the IIF test. No significant correlation was noted between the IHA (or the other 2 serologic tests) and the cultural isolation of M. hyopneumoniae or M. flocculare. On the basis of these results, the IHA appears to have limited promise as a practical test for the diagnosis of MPS in commercial swine herds because of the low titres observed, poor correlation of the IHA and other indicators of MPS, the necessarily subjective determination of end-points, and other inherent technical limitations of the test.
RPE-lactate dissociation during extended cycling

This study examined the association of blood lactate concentration [La] and heart rate (HR) with ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) during 60 min of steady workload cycling. Physically active college-aged subjects (n = 14) completed an exhaustive cycling test to determine VO(2) (peak) and lactate threshold (2.5 mmol l(-1)). Subjects then cycled for 60 min at the power output associated with 2.5 mmol l(-1) [LA]. HR, [LA], RPE-overall, RPE-legs and RPE-chest were recorded at 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 min. The 60-min trials were below maximal lactate steady state, with peak lactate concentration occurring at 20 min after which [LA] declined. The 20-min point was therefore considered pivotal, and data at other points were compared to this time point. Repeated measures ANOVA with simple contrasts (alpha = 0.05) showed (a) [LA] at 40, 50 and 60 min was significantly lower than at 20 min, (b) RPE-O and RPE-L were significantly greater at 30, 40, 50 and 60 min than at 20 min, (c) RPE-C was significantly greater at 40, 50 and 60 min than at 20 min, and (d) HR was significantly greater at 30, 40, 50 and 60 min than at 20 min. Significant (P < 0.05) positive correlations were found between HR and RPE-O (r = 0.43), RPE-L (r = 0.48) and RPE-C (r = 0.41) while correlations for [LA]-HR (r = 0.13) and [LA]-RPE (RPE-O: r = -0.11, RPE-L: r = 0.01, RPE-C: r = -0.06) were weak and non-significant. There is a dissociation of RPE and [LA] owing to RPE drift and lactate kinetics in longer duration sub-maximal exercise. Apparently, [LA] is not a strong RPE mediator during extended cycling.
Activation of Transforming Growth Factor‐β1/p38/Smad3 Signaling in Stromal Cells Requires Reactive Oxygen Species–Mediated MMP‐2 Activity During Bone Marrow Damage

Dose-escalated chemotherapy has proven utility in a variety of treatment settings, including preparative regimens before bone marrow or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. However, the potential damage imposed by aggressive regimens on the marrow microenvironment warrants further investigation. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that dose-escalated chemotherapy, with etoposide as a model chemotherapeutic agent, activates the transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-beta1) signaling pathway in bone marrow stromal cells. After high-dose etoposide exposure in vitro, Smad3 protein was phosphorylated in a time-and dose-dependent manner in marrow-derived stromal cells, coincident with the release of active and latent TGF-beta1 from the extracellular matrix. Phosphorylation was modulated by p38 kinase, with translocation of Smad3 from the cytoplasm to the nucleus subsequent to its phosphorylation. Etoposide induced activation of TGF-beta1 followed the generation of reactive oxygen species and required matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) protein availability. Chemotherapy effects were diminished in MMP-2(-/-) knockout stromal cells and TGF-beta1 knockdown small interfering RNA-transfected stromal cells, in which phosphorylation of Smad3 was negligible after etoposide exposure. Stable transfection of a human MMP-2 cDNA into bone marrow stromal cells resulted in elevated phosphorylation of Smad3 during chemotherapy. These data suggest TGF-beta1/p38/Smad3 signaling cascades are activated in bone marrow stromal cells after dose-escalated chemotherapy and may contribute to chemotherapy-induced alterations of the marrow microenvironment.
The influence of alachlor, trifluralin, and diazinon on the development of endogenous mycorrhizae in soybeans.

Preplant incorporated treatments of 2 and 4 kg/ha of trifluralin and diazinon had no significant effect on growth, P accumulation or root colonization by mycorrhizal fungi in soybeans planted in an And clay loam. At 4 kg/ha, alachlor and trifluralin inhibited root development of 25 day—old plants. The 4 kg/ha alachlor treatment reduced shoot weight of 25 day old plants significantly and suppressed mycorrhizal development of 25 to 60 day old plants. At currently used commercial rates neither alachlor, trifluralin, nor diazinon affected mycorrhizal development under the conditions of the experiment.
A history of resolving conflicts over end-of-life care in intensive care units in the United States.

Objectives:To present a case of conflict over end-of-life care in the intensive care unit (ICU) and to describe how such conflicts have been resolved in the United States since the inception of ICUs.Data Sources:A nonsystematically derived sample of published studies and professional and lay comment
Phylogenetic and areal models of Indo-European relatedness: The role of contact in reconstruction

The Indo-European family has traditionally been viewed as a textbook example of genetically related languages, easily fit onto a family tree model. What is less often recognized, however, is that IE also provides considerable evidence for the operation of contact among these related languages, discernable in the layers of innovation that certain varieties share. In this paper, I claim that the family tree model as it is usually depicted, discretely divided and unaffected by external influence, may be a useful representation of language relatedness, but is inadequate as a model of change, especially in its inability to represent the crucial role of contact in linguistic innovation. The recognition of contact among Indo-European languages has implications not only for the geographical positioning of IE languages on the map of Eurasia, but also for general theoretical characterizations of change: the horizontal, areal nature of change implies a stratification of data, a layered distribution of archaic and innovative features, which can help us grasp where contact, and innovation, has or has not occurred.
Appropriateness of Vitamin and Mineral Prescription Orders for Residents of Health Related Facilities

A study was made of the medical charts of 433 elderly patients admitted to four Health Related Facilities in upper New York State, to determine whether the respective prescription orders for vitamins and minerals were appropriate to the given diagnoses and, if not, to identify the variables correlated with inappropriateness. For 11.1 percent of the patients, vitamins or minerals were prescribed when there was no specific diagnostic indication, or they were not prescribed when the medical diagnosis indicated that they should have been. Women and Medicaid patients were more likely than men and self-paying patients to be treated inappropriately with respect to vitamins and minerals, but the differences were not statistically significant.
Neural dynamics of motion perception: Direction fields, apertures, and resonant grouping

A neural network model of global motion segmentation by visual cortex is described. Called the motion boundary contour system (BCS), the model clarifies how ambiguous local movements on a complex moving shape are actively reorganized into a coherent global motion signal, Unlike many previous researchers, we analyze how a coherent motion signal is imparted to all regions of a moving figure, not only to regions at which unambiguous motion signals exist. The model hereby suggests a solution to the global aperture problem. The motion BCS describes how preprocessing of motion signals by a motion oriented contrast (MOC) filter is joined to long-range cooperative grouping mechanisms in a motion cooperative-competitive (MOCC) loop to control phenomena such as motion capture. The motion BCS is computed in parallel with the static BCS of Grossberg and Mingolla (1985a, 1985b, 1987). Homologous properties of the motion BCS and the static BCS, specialized to process motion directions and static orientations, respectively, support a unified explanation of many data about static form perception and motion form perception that have heretofore been unexplained or treated separately. Predictions about microscopic computational differences of the parallel cortical streams V1 → MT and V1 → V2 → MT are made— notably, the magnocellular thick stripe and parvocellular interstripe streams. It is shown how the motion BCS can compute motion directions that may be synthesized from multiple orientations with opposite directions of contrast. Interactions of model simple cells, complex cells, hyper-complex cells, and bipole cells are described, with special emphasis given to new functional roles in direction disambiguation for endstopping at multiple processing stages and to the dynamic interplay of spatially short-range and long-range interactions.
Posttranscriptional regulation of α-casein mRNA accumulation by laminin☆

Abstract We have utilized primary cultures of rat mammary epithelial cells to study mechanisms by which laminin regulates the prolactin-dependent accumulation of α-casein mRNA. Mammary cells accumulate approximately fivefold more α-casein mRNA when cultured on laminin than when cultured on tissue plastic and the accumulation of α-casein mRNA is prolactin dependent. On the basis of transcription assays there is approximately a twofold increase in the α-casein mRNA transcription rate in cells cultured on laminin over that of tissue culture plastic. Measurements on the turnover of α-casein mRNA show that this mRNA is stabilized four-fold more on laminin than on tissue culture plastic, while there was no significant difference in the turnover of poly(A) RNA on either substratum. These data indicate that laminin regulates the cytoplasmic levels of α-casein mRNA accumulation primarily at the post-transcriptional level by increasing the stabilization of this mRNA.
Urban unemployment, the rural labor market, and southern blacks in farm labor during the Great Depression: a research note

Abstract This study tests the thesis that, during the Great Depression, opportunities for blacks in the South to enter farm labor in response to urban joblessness were constrained by niche saturation , a structural condition caused by an ethnic group’s overrepresentation in an occupation. Using 1940 census data for blacks and whites in the South, I examine the association between an ethnic group’s representation in farm labor and its rate of urban unemployment. For blacks, who were overrepresented in farm labor, this association was not significant. In contrast, for whites, who were underrepresented in farm labor, it was positive and significant, suggesting that many southern whites labored on farms in response to the dearth of jobs in cities. I conclude that the niche of farm labor was too saturated to provide southern blacks with relief from stagnant urban labor markets.
Dielectrophoretic Deposition of Carbon Nanotubes with Controllable Density and Alignment

Controlled deposition of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) across desired electrodes is important for the fabrication of nanoelectronic devices. Dieletrophoresis (DEP) has been recognized as a convenient and affordable technique for the deposition of nanotubes and nanowires on electrodes. Although DEP has been quite well studied for dielectric particles, the application for depositing nanotubes is still at the early stage of development. Here, we show that multi-walled CNTs can be deposited by DEP with controllable density and degree of alignment.
Plasma Hippurate in Renal Failure: High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Method and Clinical Application

We have developed a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for assay of hippurate in plasma of patients with renal failure. Hippurate accounts, in part, for the impaired binding of drugs
Failure of optimal foraging theory to appeal to researchers working on the origins of agriculture worldwide

Even though the last 30 y has witnessed a remarkable increase in worldwide efforts to understand agricultural origins (OA), Gremillion et al. (1) find fault with the vast majority of this work, which they label as “particularism” and argue that it lacks sufficient inclusion of theory in the initial formulation of OA explanations. This label of particularism is applied to a remarkably broad spectrum of researchers, from Franz Boas to Ian Hodder, including all of the other participants in the special OA issue of PNAS, as well as all of the participants, excepting Piperno, in the recent Wenner Gren OA conference (2), along …
The adsorption sites of CO on Ni(111) as determined by infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy

Abstract The adsorption of CO on Ni(111) has been studied using infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy combined with LEED, Auger electron spectroscopy, thermal desorption spectroscopy and work function measurements. At low CO coverage (θ = 0.05) CO adsorbs on threefold sites with a strecthing frequency given by ω CO = 1817 cm −1 . At θ = 0.30 all molecules have shifted to two-fold sites, and θ = 0.50, where a c(4 × 2) structure is observed, ω CO = 1910 cm −1 . At θ = 0.57, with a (√7/2) × √7/2)R19.1° structure, one quarter of the molecules are adsorbed on top of the nickel atoms with the others in two-fold sites. Molecules bonded on the top sites give rise to a band at 2045 cm −1 . The frequency shift due to dipole-dipole interactions is small compared with the shift resulting from bonding to different crystallographic sites.
Simple Lie Algebras and Graphs

Abstract Kaplansky introduced several classes of central simple Lie algebras in characteristic 2. We view these algebras in terms of graphs, and we classify them using a theorem of Shult characterizing graphs with the "cotriangle condition"; there is also a connection with Fischer′s theorem on groups generated by 3-transpositions. Uniqueness of these algebras is phrased in terms of their cohomology, and a lower bound for dim H 1 of these algebras is given.
Defective infection of rabbit peripheral blood monocyte cultures with human immunodeficiency virus type 1.

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) produces abortive infections of primary cultures of rabbit peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PMBCs). Mitogen activation of rabbit PBMCs or the addition of exogenous cytokines to the cultures does not change the level of release of the early HIV core protein, p24, into the culture medium. The amount of p24 increases steadily and reaches peak levels about 7 days after infection. HIV-1-specific DNA env sequences are also detected in infected PBMCs. However, reverse transcription of RNA of samples from activated infected cultures to cDNA, followed by amplification by the polymerase chain reaction, revealed transcription of gag, but not env, regions, suggesting that HIV-1 infection of rabbit PBMC does not lead to the replication and maturation of complete HIV-1 virions. In addition, neither CPE nor lytic infection was observed in HIV-1-infected rabbit cells and infectivity could not be transferred from rabbit cells infected with HIV for up to 2 weeks to MT-2 or H9 ...
Photoemission and tunneling as tests for fluctuating superconductivity above Tc in high-Tc superconductors.

We examine the hypothesis that fluctuating local superconducting order exists well above the critical temperature in high-${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$ materials. This might explain anomalies in the magnetic susceptibility of some of these systems. It could also create a gap or pseudogap in the density of states, which could be measured by photoemission or tunneling experiments. We compute the density of states for a two-dimensional tight-binding model with such local order in the coherent-potential approximation. The order parameter is taken to have a spatially random phase and constant magnitude. We calculate this magnitude by a Ginzburg-Landau method. The conclusion is that the disorder smooths out the gap in the density of states unless the local order parameter is larger than the zero-temperature gap.
Regional Brain Tissue Composition in Children With Hydrocephalus: Relationships With Cognitive Development

Objective: To determine whether children with shunted hydrocephalus show variations in regional brain tissue composition that relate to cognitive functions. Design: Nonequivalent control group. Patients and Methods: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and cognitive skills assessments were obtained on 28 children, 6 to 9 years of age, with shunted hydrocephalus and 13 normal control subjects comparable in age, gender, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status. Three consecutive MRI slices below the vertex were segmented using a fuzzy clustering algorithm to separate pixels into gray matter, white matter, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in quadrants representing left and right anterior and posterior brain regions. The cognitive skills assessments included the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children—Revised verbal and performance IQ scores, neuropsychological composites of language and visuospatial skills, a measure of visuomotor dexterity, and 2 measures of problem-solving abilities. The MRI data were analyzed in a group×tissue×hemisphere×region analysis of variance. Spearman ρ correlations were computed within the hydrocephalus group between the MRI and cognitive measures. Results: Children with hydrocephalus showed reductions in overall gray matter percentages and corresponding increased CSF percentages that were more pronounced in posterior than anterior regions of both hemispheres. White matter percentages were reduced in children with hydrocephalus only in the left posterior quadrant. Correlations of posterior, but not anterior, CSF and gray matter percentages were significant with verbal and performance IQ scores and language, visuospatial, and visuomotor dexterity skills, but not with problem-solving abilities. Children with hydrocephalus who had proportionately greater posterior than anterior CSF percentages had significantly poorer visuomotor dexterity and visuospatial skills than did hydrocephalic children with proportionate CSF percentages. Conclusion: Regional variations in brain tissue composition in children with shunted hydrocephalus correlate with a variety of cognitive and visuomotor functions.
Comparative Susceptibility of Penicillinase-Positive and -Negative Neisseria gonorrhoeae to 30 Antibiotics

The minimal inhibitory concentrations of 30 antibiotics were determined by the agar dilution method for 17 penicillinase-positive and 50 penicillinase-negative strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. The latter included 42 strains that were penicillin susceptible (pen S) (minimal inhibitory concentration, <0.125 mug/ml) and 8 strains with intermediate resistance to penicillin (pen I; minimal inhibitory concentration, 0.125 to 0.5 mug/ml). Two penicillinase-resistant penicillins (methicillin and nafcillin) were inhibitory for penicillin-resistant (pen R) strains. Three new cephalosporins (cefuroxime, cefamandole, cefaclor) and a cephamycin (cefoxitin) were bacteriostatic (minimal inhibitory concentration </=0.8 mug/ml) for 90% of pen S, pen I, and pen R strains. Pen I strains were more resistant than pen R strains to 6 of 13 cephalosporins. Rifampin, erythromycin, spectinomycin, chloramphenicol, and the tetracyclines were inhibitory for both pen S and pen R strains. The minimal bactericidal concentrations of cefuroxime, cefamandole, cefaclor, and cefoxitin were measured for 17 pen R strains and eight pen I strains by serial dilution of the antibiotics in Trypticase soy broth supplemented with 1% Iso VitaleX and 1% hemoglobin. All tubes were subcultured after overnight incubation at 37 degrees C. Cefuroxime and cefoxitin were bactericidal at low concentrations (minimal bactericidal concentration, </=1.0 mug/ml) for 16 of 17 pen R strains and 6 of 8 pen I strains.
Luminance Requirements for Hue Identification in Small Targets

Foveal luminance thresholds for identification of red (642 nm), yellow (584 nm), green (521 nm), and blue (468 nm) were determined by the method of constant stimuli for a range of small stimulus sizes and for two exposure durations. The luminances necessary for chromatic and absolute thresholds were also specified. The luminance required for chromatic threshold was found to be lowest for the 642-nm stimulus and highest for the 468-nm stimulus; the threshold for correct hue identification was found to be inversely related to wavelength. The ratios of the luminance necessary for hue perception to the absolute threshold ranged from 1.14 for the 642-nm stimulus to 1.51 for the 584-nm stimulus. The ratio of the luminance required for correct hue identification to the absolute threshold ranged from 1.32 for the 642-nm stimulus to 3.33 for the 521-nm stimulus. More reliable responses and fewer confusions in the hue identification were associated with the 642-nm stimulus than with the other wavelengths. The identification thresholds of this study are compared with the detection thresholds for similar targets.
Techniques with resins other than glycol methacrylate

Abstract At present, resin formulas other than the widely used Epon 812 mixtures are being successfully employed in electron microscopy laboratories at Michigan State University. The purpose of this presentation is to share information concerning materials and methods used in various electron microscopy laboratories at M.S.U.
Affirmative Disclosure In Home Purchasing

This paper investigates significant gaps in the information available to prospective home buyers as perceived by recent purchasers. The gaps in available information perceived by recent purchasers included the fair value of the house, its structural condition, and the ambience of the neighborhood. It was found that independent or personal sources were used for subjective information while objective data tended to be obtained from marketer-dominated sources.
Environmental science: Arsenic meets dense populations

In the South Asian lowlands, high population density coincides with dangerous levels of arsenic in groundwater. Maps based on surface geology can help identify regions at risk of arsenic contamination.
Information Load Stress, Risk Taking, and Physiological Responsivity in a Visual‐Motor Task

The effects of four levels of information load on physiological responsivity (blood pressure and heart rate) and on risk taking were analyzed and compared to previous results concerning the effects of load on performance. Twenty-five adults participated in a hand-eye coordination task of moderate complexity. The task was designed to permit strategic responding, risk taking and retaliatory behavior. Risk taking was measured as the degree to which subjects acted to increase the probability of a major loss in the face of potential minor gains. It is argued that an expected stress effect on risk taking and performance can be defended only if load would result in elevated arousal with risk taking and with decreasing levels of performance. It was found that participation in the present task was associated with some degree of arousal and that persons with greater (diastolic) arousal tended to take greater risks. Load affected risk taking but was not related to physiological responsivity. The potential that load as a stressor functions as a cognitive modifier of performance, and does not represent a precursor of strain (and stress), is considered. Suggestions for future research are made.
IS THE CHILD VICTIM OF SEXUAL ABUSE TELLING THE TRUTH

In order to adequately investigate an allegation of sexual abuse, professionals must both understand the motives of the victim, perpetrator, and victim's mother (in incest cases) to lie or tell the truth and possess the techniques for examining the child's story. Children almost never make up stories about being sexually abused. In fact victims are often revictimized in multiple ways for truthfully asserting they have been sexually abused. Perpetrators usually deny their abusive behavior. Mothers may also have reasons for not acknowledging the sexual abuse. Within this larger framework, the evaluator should systematically explore the allegation in order to assure the story is true. First, in examining the story, the evaluator looks for a detailed description of events surrounding the sexual abuse, explicit information about sexual behavior told from a child's viewpoint, and an emotional response consistent with their statement. Second, the evaluator buttresses the information with other data: statements the child has made to other people about the sexual abuse; sexual content in the child's play, picture drawing or story telling; sexual behavior on the child's part; sexual knowledge beyond what one would expect for the child's age; and symptomatic behavior indicative of stress.
Errors associated with the standard fluorimetric determination of chlorophylls and phaeopigments

Abstract A comparison between chlorophyll- a concentrations measured by standard fluorimetric and high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) methods for three areas of the world's oceans demonstrated that the standard fluorimetric method generally underestimates chlorophyll- a concentrations by an average of 39%. These errors were not consistent between areas nor within a single area with percent errors ranging from −68 to +53% for individual stations. Selection of various integration intervals of the fluorescence excitation spectrum of a sample, which changes the sensitivity (τ) of the fluorimeter, varied calculated chlorophyll- a and phaeopigment concentrations. The results suggest that HPLC, not standard fluorimetric methods, should be routinely employed for the analysis of photosynthetic pigments.
Stochastic integrators indexed by a multi-dimensional parameter

Multi-parameter stochastic integrators are described and classified according to directions of integrability. Sets of directions are distinguished precisely by the combinatorial dimension of corresponding fractional Cartesian products. The main theorem establishes existence of stochastic processes which are integrators in prescribed directions but not others.
Gold Nanocages: From Synthesis to Theranostic Applications

Gold nanostructures have garnered considerable attention in recent years for their potential to facilitate both the diagnosis and treatment of cancer through their advantageous chemical and physical properties. The key feature of Au nanostructures for enabling this diverse array of biomedical applications is their attractive optical properties, specifically the scattering and absorption of light at resonant wavelengths due to the excitation of plasmon oscillations. This phenomenon is commonly known as localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) and is the source of the ruby red color of conventional Au colloids. The resonant wavelength depends on the size, shape, and geometry of the nanostructures, providing a set of knobs to manipulate the optical properties as needed. For in vivo applications, especially when optical excitation or transduction is involved, the LSPR peaks of the Au nanostructures have to be tuned to the transparent window of soft tissues in the near-infrared (NIR) region (from 700 to 900 ...
Minimum power and area n-tier multilevel interconnect architectures using optimal repeater insertion

Minimum power CMOS ASIC macrocells are designed by minimizing the macrocell area using a new methodology to optimally insert repeaters for n-tier multilevel interconnect architectures. The minimum macrocell area and power dissipation are projected for the 100, 70 and 50 nm technology generations and compared with a n-tier design without using repeaters. Repeater insertion and a novel interconnect geometry scaling technique decrease the power dissipation by 58-68% corresponding to a macrocell area reduction of 70-78% for the global clock frequency designs of these three technology generations.
A box spline subdivision pyramid algorithm

Abstract Using the refinement coefficients of the ZP-element box spline to form a low pass filter mask, and a subdivision difference as a high pass filter, we scan an image along a triangular Sierpinski path to create an efficient one-dimensional pyramid algorithm for a two-dimensional nonseparable wavelet-like transform based on the quincunx multiresolution analysis.
An experimental study of metal distribution in pulse plating

Abstract An experimental study has been made of the metal distribution on a rotating disk electrode for the pulse plating of copper from an acidic copper sulfate bath. The local metal thickness was measured as a function of the applied pulse current density, pulse period, duty cycle, and ratios of the ohmic electrolyte resistance to the mass transfer and kinetic resistances of the electrodeposition reaction. A dimensional analysis was used to identify the key dimensionless parameters. The uniformity of metal distribution was experimentally examined over the range of the dimensionless pulse current densities of 0.1–10, dimensionless pulse periods of 0.0014–0.14, duty cycles of 0.01–1.0, dimensionless limiting current densities of 4.6–59, and dimensionless exchange current densities of 0.078–0.98.
Elastic and inelastic π+ and π− scattering from 7Li at 143 MeV

Abstract Elastic and inelastic scattering of π + and π − from 7 Li has been studied at 143 MeV on the EPICS system at LAMPF. The comparison of the π − and π + elastic scattering ratio allowed an approximate determination of a neutron matter rms radius of 2.5 fm, compared to 2.39 fm for the charge radius. The π − inelastic yields to the ground-state band members exceed the π + yields by about a factor of 1.25, consistent, within a model of active p-shell nucleons, with the difference in neutron and proton radii obtained from the elastic scattering.
The Identification of Human Bloodstains by Means of Thin-Layer Immunoassay: A Preliminary Report

The application of thin-layer immunoassay to the problem of human bloodstain identification is described. The differentiation of human, dog and rabbit bloodstains has been achieved by this method with the use of anti-human haemoglobin serum.
Interpersonal Attraction and Defensive Style

(1988). Interpersonal Attraction and Defensive Style. The Journal of Social Psychology: Vol. 128, No. 2, pp. 275-277.
Optimal Flux Distribution in Slab Reactors with Uniform External Source

The problem of optimal flux distribution for maximum power, in bare slab reactors with uniform external source and maximum flux constraint, is solved using optimal control for-malism for the case of one group neutron diffusion approximation. A set of optimal solu-tions, which depend on the magnitude of the external source, the upper and lower limit of the control variable and the maximum flux allowable in the reactor, is obtained. The results corresponding to a critical reactor are included here, as a particular case. A numerical example is used to illustrate the parametric dependence of the solutions.
Overexpression of Smad2 Reveals Its Concerted Action with Smad4 in Regulating TGF- β-Mediated Epidermal Homeostasis

Abstract Members of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily are critical regulators for epithelial growth and can alter the differentiation of keratinocytes. Transduction of TGF-β signaling depends on the phosphorylation and activation of Smad proteins by heteromeric complexes of ligand-specific type I and II receptors. To understand the function of TGF-β and activin-specific Smad, we generated transgenic mice that overexpress Smad2 in epidermis under the control of keratin 14 promoter. Overexpression of Smad2 increases endogenous Smad4 and TGF-β1 expression while heterozygous loss of Smad2 reduces their expression levels, suggesting a concerted action of Smad2 and -4 in regulating TGF-β signaling during skin development. These transgenic mice have delayed hair growth, underdeveloped ears, and shorter tails. In their skin, there is severe thickening of the epidermis with disorganized epidermal architecture, indistinguishable basement membrane, and dermal fibrosis. These abnormal phenotypes are due to increased proliferation of the basal epidermal cells and abnormalities in the program of keratinocyte differentiation. The ectodermally derived enamel structure is also abnormal. Collectively, our study presents the first in vivo evidence that, by providing an auto-feedback in TGF-β signaling, Smad2 plays a pivotal role in regulating TGF-β-mediated epidermal homeostasis.
Light scattering from N non-interacting particles☆

Abstract We consider the Rayleigh scattering of laser light from an assembly of N independent particles. By directly decoupling the two-time intensity correlation functions we derive a general formula for the intensity moments and also for the clipped photocount correlation function. Deviations of the formulae from the usual result obtained by assuming a gaussian light field are discussed.
Gyrotropic birefringence in the underdoped cuprates

The optical effects due to the loop-current order parameter in underdoped cuprates are studied in order to understand the recent observation of unusual birefringence in electromagnetic propagation in underdoped cuprates. It is shown why birefringence occurs even in samples with multiple domains of size much smaller than the wavelength and in twinned samples. Not only is there a rotation of polarization of incident light but also a rotation of the principal optical axis from the crystalline axes. Both are calculated in relative agreement with experiments in terms of the same parameters. The magnitude of the effect is orders of magnitude larger than the unusual Kerr effect observed in underdoped cuprates earlier. The new observations, including their comparison with the Kerr effect, test the symmetry of the proposed order decisively and confirm the conclusions from polarized neutron scattering.
Hearing Outcomes in Stapes Surgery: A Comparison of Fat, Fascia, and Vein Tissue Seals

ObjectiveTo compare short- and long-term hearing results following stapedectomy using 3 different oval window grafting materials with the same stapes prosthesis.Study DesignDatabase review.SettingT...
School-Based Screening: A Population-Based Approach to Inform and Monitor Children’s Mental Health Needs

School-based mental health professionals often conduct assessments and provide interventions on an individual basis to students with significant needs. However, due to increasingly limited resources and continuing high levels of need, a shift in service delivery is warranted. Efforts to move school psychological services from reactive and individual, to preventive and universal are ongoing. To further service delivery change, school-based mental health professionals can engage in systematic periodic mental health screening of all children. This article will (a) discuss screening for risk of emotional and behavior problems from a population-based approach, (b) describe how screening data can identify and monitor the needs of students, schools, and communities, and (c) provide future directions for screening practices. As continued changes to service delivery are imminent, information on how to utilize school-based screening data will be particularly valuable to mental health professionals working with or within schools.
Echocardiographic evaluation of pericardial diseases

This review has attempted to summarize the usefulness of echocardiography in pericardial effusion and other pericardial diseases. As stated before, it is an extremely useful technique for the detection and following of patients with pericardial effusion. The usefulness in other forms of pericardial disease is less well-established.
Automated continuity tester for large wire-wrapped avionics chassis

In the 1960s and 70s wire wrap circuit construction was very common in electronics manufacturing. Although, its use has fallen out of favor in manufacturing due to surfacemount technology along with high-quality, rapid, and inexpensive professional printed circuit board production, it is still useful for prototyping. As one might imagine, manually testing the continuity of a large, complex wire-wrapped assembly is not only time consuming, but also highly error prone. An example of a sophisticated, but older and extended-lifetime avionics system is the AN/ALQ-161 Defensive Avionics System on the B-1B. Each LRU chassis has a unique wire wrap connectivity scheme. Because of the complexity of the connectivity nets and the fact that each LRU's net list is unique, manual testing was considered unreliable and excessively time consuming for the reasons already mentioned. We present here the system design of an automated chassis wiring tester, emphasizing continuity testing.
Masticatory stress, orbital orientation and the evolution of the primate postorbital bar.

A postorbital bar is one of a suite of derived features which distinguishes basal primates from their putative sister taxon, plesiadapiforms. Two hypotheses have been put forward to explain postorbital bar development and variation in circumorbital form: the facial torsion model and visual predation hypothesis. To test the facial torsion model, we employ strain data on circumorbital and mandibular loading patterns in representative primates with a postorbital bar and masticatory apparatus similar to basal primates. To examine the visual predation hypothesis, we employ metric data on orbit orientation in Paleocene and Eocene primates, as well as several clades of visual predators and foragers that vary interspecifically in postorbital bar formation.A comparison of galago circumorbital and mandibular peak strains during powerful mastication demonstrates that circumorbital strains are quite low. This indicates that, as in anthropoids, the strepsirhine circumorbital region is excessively overbuilt for countering routine masticatory loads. The fact that circumorbital peak-strain levels are uniformly low in both primate suborders undermines any model which posits that masticatory stresses are determinants of circumorbital form, function and evolution. This is interpreted to mean that sufficient cortical bone must exist to prevent structural failure due to non-masticatory traumatic forces. Preliminary data also indicate that the difference between circumorbital and mandibular strains is greater in larger taxa.Comparative analyses of several extant analogs suggest that the postorbital bar apparently provides rigidity to the lateral orbital margins to ensure a high level of visual acuity during chewing and biting. The origin of the primate postorbital bar is linked to changes in orbital convergence and frontation at smaller sizes due to nocturnal visual predation and increased encephalization. By incorporating in vivo and fossil data, we reformulate the visual predation hypothesis of primate origins and thus offer new insights into major adaptive transformations in the primate skull.
Inelastic scattering approach to the theory of a magnetic tunnel transistor source

The high efficiency of a magnetic tunnel transistor as a source of spin-polarized electrons has been proven recently [X. Jiang et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, 256603 (2003)]. A concept of this device based on an active groupof hot electrons controlling the collector current and experiencing predominantly inelastic scattering in the base is developed. It takes into account the connection between the injection and filtering of spin-polarized electrons inside the device. Explicit expressions for the parameters of the device in terms of the basic parameters of the system are presented.
Pyogenic granulomas after silicone punctal plugs : A clinical and histopathologic study

Purpose To describe clinical findings, histopathologic changes, and risk factors for pyogenic granuloma formation complicating silicone punctal plug therapy. Design Retrospective observational case series. Methods Between November 2000 and April 2004, 903 silicone punctal plugs of the same brand were inserted in 404 subjects. Cases associated with pyogenic granuloma formation were identified and reviewed. Granulation tissue was obtained from 10 patients for histopathologic examination. Multiple risk regression analyses identified factors related to pyogenic granuloma development and factors associated with histologic patterns. Results Pyogenic granuloma development led to the extrusion of 4.2% of all plugs placed in a median time period of 141 days. All patients presented with varying degrees of plug extrusion. Similar distributions of partial and complete plug extrusions, as well as bilateral and unilateral plug extrusions, were seen. Findings at presentation ranged from a subclinical pyogenic granuloma causing partial plug extrusion to a pyogenic granuloma in the punctum with a ring of fibrovascular tissue retaining a completely extruded plug. Histopathologic examination revealed two patterns, representing either acute pyogenic granuloma or involuting pyogenic granuloma. Pyogenic granulomas resolved after 3.1 ± 1.3 weeks in all patients after plug removal. Multiple regression analysis revealed that large plug size was associated with increased pyogenic granuloma formation ( P P = .023). Conclusion Pyogenic granuloma-related spontaneous plug extrusions may be more common than previously thought and can present with a range of clinical findings. The degree of plug extrusion correlates with the histopathologic pattern. Larger plug size and sharp edges in plug geometry may be responsible for pyogenic granuloma formation.