cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Current Insights into Immunotherapy Approaches for Food Allergy

In the last decade, there has been increasing research dedicated to food immunotherapy to induce clinical desensitization and provide protection by increasing clinical reaction thresholds. Results from recent food immunotherapy studies with differing routes of administration (oral, sublingual, and epicutaneous) suggest that food immunotherapy can induce clinical desensitization with varying levels of safety, however lasting tolerance has not been demonstrated. Furthermore, treatment side effects and dosing logistics may make the therapies difficult for some supporting the need for alternative treatment approaches. Peptide immunotherapy and DNA vaccine approaches should in theory allow for safer administration by decreasing allergenicity but proof of their clinical efficacy and immunogenicity remains to be proven. Biologic agents may allow for increased safety and rapid up-dosing of immunotherapy with the added benefit of treating multiple allergens simultaneously.
The Human Touch in ODR: Trust, Empathy and Social Intuition in Online Negotiation and Mediation

As the field of Online Dispute Resolution (ODR) has grown and evolved, it has often met resistance from practitioners and theorists alike. One core theme has always been that the interpersonal processes of negotiation and mediation are fundamentally dependent on an elusive quality or aspect dubbed 'the human touch'. The cold impersonal environment of the internet, the arguments went, is inherently bereft of the human touch. ODR had been growing rapidly even before the COVID-19 pandemic drove all forms of professional practice, including negotiation and mediation, online. The time has come, therefore, to reframe these objections into appreciative exploration: Just what is this 'human touch' and in what sense is it absent in online communication? How can practitioners regain the human touch, and bring it to bear in online interactions? Might there be ways in which we can imbue online negotiation and mediation processes with the human touch even beyond the levels encountered in-person interactions? To transform an ineffable notion into applicable theory and practice, the chapter outlines three key human-touch areas: trust, empathy, and social intuition. The chapter explains each area through a human-touch perspective. It then maps out the challenges to each in the online environment, and recommends helpful practices for enhancing each of these human-touch areas in online negotiation and mediation processes.
Chronic Hand Swelling and Dactylitis in Leprosy: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Leprosy is an infectious disease that is associated with various types of presentations. Diagnosis of the disease can be tricky in cases of atypical presentations. We report a unique case of leprosy characterized by chronic hand swelling, dactylitis, and seropositive laboratory markers, which was diagnosed in a rheumatology clinic.
Learning To Find Good Correspondences Of Multiple Objects

Given a set of 3D to 2D putative matches, labeling the correspondences as inliers or outliers plays a critical role in a wide range of computer vision applications including the Perspective-n-Point (PnP) and object recognition. In this paper, we study a more generalized problem which allows the matches to belong to multiple objects with distinct poses. We propose a deep architecture to simultaneously label the correspondences as inliers or outliers and classify the inliers into multiple objects. Specifically, we discretize the 3D rotation space into twenty convex cones based on the facets of a regular icosahedron. For each facet, a facet classifier is trained to predict the probability of a correspondence being an inlier for a pose whose rotation normal vector points towards this facet. An efficient RANSAC-based post-processing algorithm is also proposed to further process the prediction results and detect the objects. Experiments demonstrate that our method is very efficient compared to existing methods and is capable of simultaneously labeling and classifying the inliers of multiple objects with high precision.
State Tax Reform New York Style

This article is a transcript of Professor Richard D. Pomp’s remarks at the National Tax Association’s Annual Conference on Taxation. Professor Pomp explains that the creation of the New York Tax Study Commission (Commission) was surprisingly neither an impending financial crisis nor a court ruling that aspects of the tax statute were unconstitutional. Instead, legislators prudently determined that the state’s tax statute was decaying due to its age. Professor Pomp further describes the creation of various advisory groups consisting of academics, lawyers, and accountants, along with representatives from big business, small business, labor, and public interest groups. These advisory groups helped form the Commission’s ambitious agenda. Professor Pomp next addresses the transformation of issues studied by tax commissions, and how neither tax commissions nor commentators had previously examined the numerous tax issues of interest in New York. Additionally, he rejects the misnomer that the success of a tax commission should be determined by the eventual legislative adoption of its proposals. His remarks conclude by urging New York to institutionalize tax reform via the creation of a permanent body similar to the U.S. Congress’ Joint Committee on Taxation.
Inverse Design of PbS Colloidal Quantum Dot Spectrally-Selective Photovoltaic Films

The inverse design of photovoltaic 2D photonic crystals using machine learning will be presented. The technique bypasses calculation of photonic bandstructure in favor of directly computing designer-friendly properties such as spectral transmission.
Tips for Applying Commissioning

ABSTRACT This is Part 2 of a three-part series article. The original paper was first submitted in the Proceedings of the World Energy Engineering Congress 2006. It has been reformatted into three parts and condensed for publication in Energy Engineering. The complete original paper is available from the author. The success of commissioning depends to a very large extent on the support of the owner, which in turn depends upon the owner knowing what commissioning is. The topic of commissioning (Cx) is often viewed as complex, confusing, and expensive. This article speaks to anyone with interest in the field of commissioning, with an emphasis on anticipating and answering questions owners may have, and will have served its purpose if it improves the owner's comfort level with respect to commissioning. This article is divided into three parts. Part 1 – What is Commissioning? ✓ Part 2 – Tips for Applying Commissioning Part 3 – Quantifying Commissioning Benefits Part 2, “Tips for Applying Commissioning,” includ...
Simulation as an aid to phenomenological modeling

Certain difficulties arise in connection with the development of models for the prediction of turbulent flow characteristics. The present paper is mainly concerned with an approach which provides an aid in such development work by making it possible to test Reynolds average turbulence models. This approach is based on full and large eddy simulations of turbulent flows. Attention is given to details regarding Reynolds average turbulence models, mixing length models, two equation (k-epsilon) models, Reynolds stress models, and passive scalars. It is shown that a great deal about modeling can be learned from simulations of turbulent flows. There is reason to believe that these results will lead to improvements in the quality of predictions of turbulent flows.
Ghosts in the Machine: The Promise of Electronic Resource Management Tools

Electronic management tools promise to provide librarians with all of the centralized processing and convenience of workflow of print materials. However, do these products really provide what is needed in the hybrid library and are these promises really helping provide a service to our end-users? This paper will explore the importance of tying a library's choice of electronic resource management (ERM) system to the overall organizational structure, the need for licensing metadata, and considerations for making a choice about the products available.
DNA Synthesis on a Double-stranded DNA Template by the T4 Bacteriophage DNA Polymerase and the T4 Gene 32 DNA Unwinding Protein

Abstract T4 DNA polymerase cannot use a nicked duplex DNA molecule as a template-primer for DNA synthesis, apparently because it is unable to displace the 5' end of the strand paired to the strand serving as the template. Addition of the T4 phage gene 32 DNA unwinding protein (32-protein) facilities strand displacement and allows the T4 DNA polymerase to synthesize DNA using nicked duplex T7 DNA as the template-primer. The first product of this reaction is a rapidly renaturable DNA which is found to contain a few large branches when examined by electron microscopy. Later in the reaction there is also synthesis of a product containing predominantly alternating residues of dAMP and dTMP.
Axonal transport of monoclonal antibodies

Three monoclonal antibodies against rat brain synaptosomes, produced by conventional hybridoma techniques, were screened for their ability to undergo uptake and axonal transport in vivo. Injections of ascitic fluid or of purified immunoglobulin G (IgG) were made into the vitreal chamber of the eye in anesthetized rats to test for anterograde transport in retinal afferents to the contralateral superior colliculus. Retrograde transport by facial nucleus motoneurons was evaluated after injections of antibody into the mystatial vibrissal skin and musculature. Transported immunoglobulins were localized in tissue sections using a modification of the peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique. One monoclonal antibody, S-2C10, was found to undergo anterograde transport in retinal ganglion cells and retrograde axonal transport in facial motoneurons. Transported immunoglobulins were detectable even after injections of dilute antibody solution (0.01– 0.05% IgG), and the uptake-transport process for this antibody appeared saturable. Two other antibodies tested, S-4E9 and S-1G10, exhibited the ability to undergo retrograde transport, but only after injections at relatively high antibody concentrations (greater than or equal to 1.0% IgG). Neither of these antibodies was shown to undergo anterograde transport. Following retrograde transport in motoneurons, the S-2C10 antibody was localized in neuronal perikarya, proximal dendrites, and the adjacent neuropil of the facial motor nucleus. In contrast, the S- 4E9 and S-1G10 antibodies were localized in punctate granules within neuronal cell somata following transport. The findings suggest that the uptake-transport process for the S-2C10 antibody is mediated by adsorptive endocytosis following binding of the antibody to a plasma membrane component (or components) present in somadendritic and nerve terminal membranes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Peptidoglycan Recognition Protein 1 Enhances Experimental Asthma by Promoting Th2 and Th17 and Limiting Regulatory T Cell and Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Responses

Asthma is a common inflammatory disease involving cross-talk between innate and adaptive immunity. We reveal that antibacterial innate immunity protein, peptidoglycan recognition protein (Pglyrp)1, is involved in the development of allergic asthma. Pglyrp1(-/-) mice developed less severe asthma than wild-type (WT) mice following sensitization with house dust mite (allergen) (HDM). HDM-sensitized Pglyrp1(-/-) mice, compared with WT mice, had diminished bronchial hyperresponsiveness (lung airway resistance); numbers of eosinophils, neutrophils, lymphocytes, and macrophages in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lungs; inflammatory cell infiltrates in the lungs around bronchi, bronchioles, and pulmonary arteries and veins; lung remodeling (mucin-producing goblet cell hyperplasia and metaplasia and smooth muscle hypertrophy and fibrosis); levels of IgE, eotaxins, IL-4, IL-5, and IL-17 in the lungs; and numbers of Th2 and Th17 cells and expression of their marker genes in the lungs. The mechanism underlying this decreased sensitivity of Pglyrp1(-/-) mice to asthma was increased generation and activation of CD8α(+)β(+) and CD8α(+)β(-) plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) and increased recruitment and activity of regulatory T (Treg) cells in the lungs. In vivo depletion of pDC in HDM-sensitized Pglyrp1(-/-) mice reversed the low responsive asthma phenotype of Pglyrp1(-/-) mice to resemble the more severe WT phenotype. Thus, Pglyrp1(-/-) mice efficiently control allergic asthma by upregulating pDC and Treg cells in the lungs, whereas in WT mice, Pglyrp1 is proinflammatory and decreases pDC and Treg cells and increases proasthmatic Th2 and Th17 responses. Blocking Pglyrp1 or enhancing pDC in the lungs may be beneficial for prevention and treatment of asthma.
How Epitaxial Are Pd2Si–Si Interfaces?

Pd2Si layers produced by evaporation or sputtering onto silicon substrates were examined by high resolution electron microscopy, microdiffraction, X-ray, energy loss and Auger spectroscopy. The Si-Pd2Si interfaces produced by evaporation were in all cases rougher and more polycrystalline than those produced by sputtering. X-ray microanalysis showed the predictable variation in palladium distribution across the interface but quantification did not produce the expected palladium–to–silicon ratios, primarily because of probe broadening and X-ray-induced fluorescence. Energy loss spectra showed plasmon energy shifts and changes in Si L edge shape due to bond formation with palladium. Auger data provided evidence for a small amount of oxygen at the Si-Pd2Si interface. Electrical measurements of the ideality factor for Schottky barriers made from these materials produced higher values for the rougher evaporation-formed interfaces consistent with interface-roughness-induced scattering and carrier recombination.
A BiCMOS push-pull current buffer-rectifier

A BiCMOS current buffer with positive and negative rectifying outputs as well as a nonrectified output is presented. The circuit has low voltage supply requirements and good high frequency performance. It can be used as building block of high performance linear and nonlinear current-mode circuits. Experimental results of a BiCMOS test chip that verify the operation of the circuit are presented. >
Use of anthrone reagent to estimate inulin in the presence of glucose.

SummaryUse of the anthrone reagent offers a sensitive and accurate method that can be applied for the estimation of microquantities of inulin. Steps are given to prevent interference by glucose through the means of controlling the temperature of reaction. Boiling in alkali cannot be used to eliminate glucose because of an irregular distribution between blood and urine of the alkali labile fraction of inulin.
Central nervous system involvement in cryptococcal infection in individuals after solid organ transplantation or with AIDS.

Background. Cryptococcus neoformans is an important pathogen of immunocompromised hosts. Manifestations of cryptococcal infection have not been compared between populations based on the nature of the underlying immune deficiencies. Methods. The Prospective Antifungal Therapy Alliance (PATH) is a registry that collects clinical data from patients with invasive fungal infections from medical centers in North America. Univariate analyses and group comparisons were conducted from the PATH registry for cases of infection due to Cryptococcus species occurring between March 2004 and April 2008. Results. A total 235 cases of proven infection due to Cryptococcus species were documented, all of which were due to C. neoformans (52 in solid organ transplant [SOT] recipients, 107 in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus [HIV], and 76 with neither HIV nor organ transplantation). A total of 140 cases manifested as meningitis (25 in SOT recipients, 88 in HIV-positive patients, and 27 in those with neither risk factor). Of individuals with cryptococcal infection, 44.2% of SOT recipients had central nervous system (CNS) disease, while 84.1% of those with HIV infection presented with CNS involvement (P=0.0265). SOT recipients receiving calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) were less likely to have CNS involvement in cryptococcal infection (40.1% versus 66.7%). Overall, 12-week mortality for patients with cryptococcal infection in the PATH Alliance registry was 22.6% (21.2% for SOT, 15.9% for HIV-infected patients, and 32.9% for patients with risk factors other than HIV infection or organ transplantation). Conclusions. In a prospectively assembled cohort of individuals with proven infection due to C. neoformans, CNS involvement was more common in individuals with HIV infection than in SOT recipients. The role of CNIs in the reduction of risk for CNS cryptococcosis remains to be defined. Overall survival of patients with cryptococcal infection in immunocompromised hosts has improved over time. Observed differences in the context of various host immune deficits provide a basis for further investigation of cryptococcosis and other opportunistic infections.
Monoclonal capture antibody ELISA for respiratory syncytial virus: detection of individual viral antigens and determination of monoclonal antibody specificities.

Abstract An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) that employs solid-phase monoclonal antibodies was developed. RSV antigens bound by these monoclonal capture antibodies were detected by addition of a polyclonal bovine antiserum, followed by anti-bovine enzyme conjugate and enzyme substrate. The sensitivity and specificity of the assay were determined by titrations of the solid-phase antibodies and by antigen titrations with both unpurified RSV-infected cell culture material and purified RSV nucleocapsids. The addition of a competitive binding step prior to the addition of antigen to the solid-phase antibody provides further evidence of the assay's specificity. Furthermore, the competitive binding assay enables the antigen specificity of monoclonal antibodies to be determined or compared without the use of purified antigens. Monoclonal capture ELISA is a convenient, rapid, and sensitive assay that can be used to measure specific RSV antigens in unpurified preparations as well as to determine anti-RSV antibody specificity and should prove useful in examining other complex antigen-antibody systems.
Neck Propagation in Tensile Tests: A Study Using Rate-Independent, Strain Hardening Plasticity

A J2 yield criterion and time and temperature-independent flow theory of plasticity have been applied to study characteristic phenomena observed in tensile tests of some ductile polymers: namely a load drop immediately after yield and stable propagation of a neck along the entire length of the specimen. A trilinear stress-strain curve is used to quantify the effect of material model data on these physical observations.
Servile Discontents: Slavery and Resistance in Colonial New Hampshire, 1645–1785

In the summer of 1748, authorities in colonial America issued a warrant for the arrest and imprisonment of a baker named Peter Johnson. Acting on these orders, the sheriff apprehended and detained Johnson ‘a negro man’ also known as Primus, for refusing to serve as the slave of George Massey. Massey claimed that he owned Johnson, swearing under oath that Johnson was a ‘slave for life’ and as such had no right to refuse to work for him. Having purchased Johnson for £43 from a man named Joseph Hicks, Massey argued that the slave's ‘stubborn and rebellious’ attitude was criminal. Johnson had to choose between submitting to Massey or remaining incarcerated until he could plead his case in court. He preferred the latter. Despite sworn affidavits and testimony to the contrary, Johnson maintained that he had never been a slave and was not obliged to submit to Massey or anyone else.1
Comparison of preservative-free bupivacaine vs. lidocaine for intracameral anesthesia: a randomized clinical trial and in vitro analysis.

Abstract Purpose: To determine whether intracameral bupivacaine hydrochloride 0.5% is as effective as lidocaine hydrochloride1.0% in controlling discomfort of patients during phacoemulsification and posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation. In rabbits, corneal endothelial cell function, ultrastructure, and viability were evaluated after in vitro perfusion of bupivacaine 0.5%. Methods: In a double-masked, controlled trial, 48 eyes of 48 patients with uncomplicated age-related cataract were randomly assigned to receive bupivacaine 0.5% or lidocaine 1.0% intracamerally before phacoemulsification with a posterior chamber intraocular lens. Outcome measures such as pain, visual acuity, amount of sedation, length of surgery, pupil size, intraocular pressure, corneal clarity, and anterior chamber reaction were compared. In laboratory studies, paired rabbit corneas were evaluated by endothelial cell perfusion with either bupivacaine 0.5%, bupivacaine 0.5% and glutathione bicarbonate Ringer solution in a 1:1 ratio or bupivacaine 0.5% buffered to a pH of 7.0. The paired control corneas were perfused with glutathione bicarbonate Ringer solution and rates of corneal swelling were determined. Cell ultrastructure and viability were also evaluated. Results: In the randomized trial, there was no significant difference in the pain patients had during surgery or in the early or late postoperative period. No statistically significant difference was seen between the two groups in terms of pupil size, intraocular pressure, corneal edema, anterior chamber reaction, or visual acuity immediately after the operation or on postoperative day 1. Paired rabbit corneas perfused with bupivacaine 0.5% and bupivacaine 0.5% buffered to a pH of 7.0 swelled significantly ( P P = .009, respectively), and had corneal endothelial cell damage. Dilution of the bupivacaine 1:1 with glutathione bicarbonate Ringer solution prevented corneal edema and damage to the corneal endothelium. Endothelial cell viability was also decreased after perfusion of bupivacaine 0.5% ( P Conclusions: Clinically, bupivacaine 0.5% is as effective as lidocaine 1.0% for anesthesia during phacoemulsification and posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation. However, in vitro perfusion of bupivacaine 0.5% damaged the corneal endothelium of rabbits except when the drug was diluted 1:1 with glutathione bicarbonate Ringer solution. Surgeons who use 0.2 to 0.5 ml of intracameral bupivacaine 0.5% should be aware of its potential to cause endothelial cell damage because of its lipid solubility. The bupivacaine 0.5% should be diluted at least 1:1 with balanced salt solution before intracameral injection, followed immediately by phacoemulsification. The surgeon should ensure that the bupivacaine 0.5% is nonpreserved and packaged in single-use vials or flip-top containers.
The Role of Cetuximab in the Management of Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer

Inhibition of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway has emerged as a proven strategy for the treatment of advanced-stage non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Cetuximab is a chimeric monoclonal antibody that inhibits EGFR by binding to the extracellular domain of the receptor. The relatively modest anticancer activity as monotherapy in NSCLC has prompted the evaluation of cetuximab as part of novel combination regimens. The safety of cetuximab in combination with the commonly used platinum-based 2-drug regimens in NSCLC has been established in several phase II studies. Recently, the addition of cetuximab to the regimen of cisplatin and vinorelbine resulted in improved overall survival in patients with advanced NSCLC with EGFR-expressing tumors. In contrast, a study in unselected advanced NSCLC patients failed to demonstrate a statistically significant improvement in overall survival with cetuximab in combination with a carboplatin and taxane regimen. It is hoped that identification of predictive biomarkers would lead to the optimal utilization of cetuximab in combination with chemotherapy. The combination of cetuximab with radiotherapy for patients with locally advanced NSCLC has demonstrated promising results in a phase II study and is now being evaluated in a confirmatory trial. This article reviews the clinical data with cetuximab in NSCLC.
Separation of water-soluble steroid and carotenoid precursors by DEAE-cellulose column chromatography

Abstract A mixture of water-soluble steroid or carotenoid precursors was separated on a DEAE-cellulose column through stepwise elution with solutions of (NH4)2CO3 or K2HPO4. This method separates the compounds in the metabolic sequence between mevalonic acid and farnesyl or geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate. Good resolution between compounds was obtained except for isopentenyl pyrophosphate and dimethylallyl pyrophosphate. Some overlap in retention time of these compounds with mevalonic acid phosphate also occurred. Since a basic solvent system is used, the DEAE-cellulose chromatographic method provides an excellent means of purifying the acid-labile as well as the acid-stable intermediates from a biosynthetic mixture.
Spatial variations of the magnetosheath magnetic field

Spatial characteristics of magnetosheath magnetic field observed simultaneously by Explorer satellites, showing zero order agreement with prediction of MGD theory
Crystal Growth and Single-Crystal Structures of RERhO3 (RE = La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Tb) Orthorhodites from a K2CO3 Flux

Single crystals of LaRhO3, PrRhO3, NdRhO3, SmRhO3, EuRhO3, and TbRhO3 have been grown for the first time using a K2CO3 flux. All the compounds were found to crystallize in the orthorhombic space group Pbnm (No. 62) and adopt the GdFeO3 distorted perovskite structure type. Transition toward a pseudo-cubic cell is noted as the rare earth cation size increases.
RPS2: a novel therapeutic target in prostate cancer.

A number of studies have previously shown that the over expression of different ribosomal proteins might play an important role in cancer (i.e. S3a, L10, L16). We have previously reported that RPS2, a 33 Kda ribosomal protein was over expressed in malignant prostate cancer cell lines and in archived tumor specimens. Thus, RPS2 or other aberrantly over-expressed ribosomal proteins might promote cancer and be excellent therapeutic targets for treatment of the disease. Western blotting and RT-PCR have been used to measure and compare the levels of expression of RPS2 in a variety of malignant prostate cancer cell lines, plus normal and benign cells lines. We have developed a 'ribozyme-like' DNAZYM-1P '10–23' motif oligonucleotide and examined whether it targets RPS2 in different cell lines by RT-PCR and Western blots. Growth and apoptosis assays were carried out to measure whether DNAZYM-1P 'knock-down' of RPS2 influenced cell proliferation or survival. We have also developed a SCID mouse tumor model with PC-3ML cells to determine whether DNAZYM-1P targeting of RPS2 compromised tumor growth and mouse survival rates in vivo. Western blots showed that PC-3ML, LNCaP, CPTX-1532, and pBABE-cmyc stably transfected IBC-10a cells all over-expressed RPS2, whereas IBC-10a parent, NPTX-1532, and BPH-1 cells or mouse NIH-3T3 cells expressed barely detectable levels of RPS2. RT-PCR assays showed that DNAZYM-1P, which targeted RPS2, 'knocked-down' RPS2 expression in the malignant cells (i.e. PC-3ML cells) in vitro. The DNAZYM-1P also inhibited cell growth and induced apoptosis in the malignant prostate cells, but had little effect on the normal IBC-10a or NPTX-1532 cell lines. Finally, SCID mouse tumor modeling studies showed that DNAZYM-1P blocked tumor growth and metastasis by PC-3ML cells and eventually eradicated tumors following localized or systemic i.v. delivery. Mouse survival studies revealed that there was a dosage dependent increase in disease free survival rates in mice treated systemically with DNAZYM-1P (i.e. mouse survival increased from 0% to 100%). In sum, we have shown for the first time that therapeutic targeting of RPS2 is an excellent approach for the eradication of prostate cancer in preclinical tumor modeling studies.
A Monte Carlo code for predicting the response of a GeNaI(T1) Compton supression spectrometer

Abstract A description of a Monte Carlo computer code is given which simulates the response of a Germanium detector inside a NaI(T1), Compton suppression annulus. The operational flow chart of the main program is discussed as well as the function of each required subprogram. Sample computational results are presented for a 5.44 cm diameter by 4.46 cm long, intrinsic Ge detector placed inside a standard 25.4 cm diameter by 30.5 cm long NaI(T1) annulus.
On defining the turbulent burning velocity in premixed V-shaped turbulent flames

Abstract Turbulent buring velocity S t is determined for six premixed V-shaped turbulent flames. In addition to defining S t with respect to the conventional flame surface, a definition based on an effective flame orientation is proposed. The results based on the flame surface increase significantly with distance from the flame stabilizer. In general, they compare quite poorly with experimental correlation obtained by others. However, the results based on the effective flame orientation are more consistent and provide better comparison. These results indicate that the flame surface method is not a consistent method for deducing the turbulent burning velocity in this flame configuration.
Creating an integrated periodicals listing using Microsoft Access and ASP scripts

In response to the addition of several new aggregators to our database collection, it became necessary to find and implement an efficient way to direct our users to the journals they sought. The Dowling College Library Journal Locator (http://library. dowling.edu/) was created in response to that need. It is a Web‐accessible database that includes the holdings from all of our full‐text aggregators as well as our physical serials collection. This article presents the steps taken to create the database and make it accessible from our homepage or through our OPAC.
Unintentional Gun Injuries, Firearm Design, and Prevention: What We Know, What We Need to Know, and What Can Be Done

The public health community has long recognized unintentional gun injuries as a public health issue. In 1998 in the United States, 866 people died from unintentional gunshot wounds, resulting in a crude death rate of 0.32 per 100,000. Unintentional gun deaths have been declining since at least 1920, yet the reasons for this downward trend are not understood. Possible explanations, such as changes in gun ownership and demography, changes in access to guns among population subgroups, safety practices, and artifactual influences are discussed. Intervention strategies for reducing the risk of unintentional gun injury are also discussed.
Multifrequency radiation pressure laser, isotope separation

Abstract Isotope separation by laser deflection of an atomic beam is limited in its efficiency by the accumulation of atoms in metastable states. This restriction can be removed with the use of lasers which excite metastable atoms to states from which spontaneous decay to the ground state is allowed. This is demonstrated in the separation of barium isotopes, where efficiency was improved from a lower limit of 70% to at least 83% using a second laser. Efficiency approaching 100% can be achieved in barium with a second laser but the required wavelength is not available.
The discrete time-cost tradeoff problem revisited

Abstract In the management of a project, the project duration can often be compressed by accelerating some of its activities at an additional expense. This is the so-called time-cost tradeoff problem which has been studied extensively in the project management literature. However, the discrete version of the problem, encountered frequently in practice and also useful in modeling general time-cost relationships, has received only scant and sporadic attention. Prompted by the present emphasis on time-based competition and recent developments concerning problem complexity and solution, we reexamine this important problem in this paper. We begin by formally describing the problem and discussing the difficulties associated with its solution. We then provide an overview of the past solution approaches, identify their shortcomings, and present a new solution approach. Next, we present network decomposition/reduction as a convenient basis for solving the problem and analyzing its difficulty. Finally, we point to several new directions for future research, where we highlight the need for developing and evaluating effective procedures for solving the general time-cost tradeoff problem. To the best of our knowledge, the popular project management software packages do not include provisions for time-cost tradeoff analyses. Our work, we hope, will provide the groundwork and an incentive for alleviating this deficiency.
Alterations of choline acetyltransferase, phosphoinositide hydrolysis, and cytoskeletal proteins in rat brain in response to colchicine administration.

Colchicine, a microtubule disrupting toxin, was administered intracerebroventricularly to rats, followed by measurements of (i) the activity of choline acetyltransferase, a biochemical marker of cholinergic neurons, (ii) cytoskeletal protein concentrations, including tau, MAP-2, spectrin, and tubulin, and (iii) the activity of the second messenger-generating system, receptor-coupled phosphoinositide hydrolysis. One week after colchicine treatment there was a 60% decrease in choline acetyltransferase activity in the hippocampus, which was followed by a gradual increase to only a 29% deficit after 12 weeks. In the striatum and cerebral cortex, choline acetyltransferase activity was slightly reduced (by 13% and 19%, respectively) 1 week after colchicine treatment followed by increases to control values. The concentrations of tau and tubulin in the hippocampus were unaltered by colchicine treatment, and MAP-2 and spectrin were only slightly reduced 4 weeks after colchicine. Hippocampal phosphoinositide hydrolysis induced by norepinephrine was elevated approximately 28% 1 and 2 weeks after colchicine treatment and that induced by ibotenate was increased by 53% 2 weeks after colchicine.
Responsibility Without Community Resources Informal Kinship Care Among Low-Income, African American Grandmother Caregivers

Given the importance of community resources in the lives of African American grandmother caregivers, it is imperative to examine and gain a deeper understanding of how grandmothers perceive the availability and accessibility of community resources to meet their caregiving needs. A study using qualitative research methods resulted in three themes: (a) status of traditional helping resources, (b) inappropriate and unresponsiveness of human service agencies, and (c) limited options and alternatives to grandmother caregivers. Each of these themes provides some evidence of what is needed to shape programs and services targeted toward urban grandmother caregivers.
BURSTING IN PITUITARY CELLS

Bursting electrical oscillations are ubiquitous in nerve cells, and have been the focus of mathematical modeling and analysis for three decades. A key feature of these oscillations is the separation of time scales between “fast” and “slow”. This separation allows one to perform a geometric singular perturbation or “fast/slow” analysis on the system. This analysis has led to many valuable insights into the dynamic mechanisms of bursting oscillations. Bursting also occurs in hormone-secreting cells of the pituitary. In most cases, however, the oscillation differs significantly from what is observed in nerve cells. In mathematical models of bursting in pituitary cells this difference is due to two factors. First, the underlying bifurcation structure of the fast subsystem is unlike that of neural bursting models. Second, the slow variable(s) is only marginally slow. As a result of these differences, some of the intuition that aids in the understanding of neural bursting can be misleading in the context of pituitary bursting. In this article I highlight some of the differences between the two classes of bursting.
Fatty acids in teliospores and mycelium of the dwarf bunt fungus, Tilletia controversa☆

Abstract Teliospores of the dwarf bunt fungus contain about 35% lipids; free fatty acids accounting for 52% and bound fatty acids 26% of the total lipids. Lipids make up 5·8% of the dry weight of the mycelium, with free fatty acids accounting for 48% and bound fatty acids 14% of the total lipids. The major fatty acids in both the teliospores and the mycelium are C18:2, C18:1 and C16:0.
Salt intake and hypertensive renal injury in African-Americans: A therapeutic perspective

Hypertensive renal injury is a major identifiable cause of end-stage renal disease in African-Americans. A complex nexus of sociologic, biologic, environmental, and sociocultural variables are involved in mediating this risk and interrelate with dietary salt consumption and salt sensitivity. It is likely that dietary salt intake and salt sensitivity are linked in influencing the risk of hypertensive renal injury, since it has been demonstrated that increasing dietary salt in salt-sensitive patients such as African-Americans results in an increase in glomerular filtration fraction and proteinuria. Dietary salt likely influences both carbohydrate metabolism and blood pressure, either directly or through its influence on other ions such as calcium or potassium. The interrelationship between salt and pharmacologic interventions is an important clinical issue, since the efficacy of these therapies is influenced by the amount of salt in the diet. It is also likely that the changes in blood pressure and carbohydrate metabolism induced by greater dietary salt intake may be more specifically corrected by some nonpharmacologic or pharmacologic interventions compared to others. Since dietary salt has identifiable influences on blood pressure, renal hemodynamics, and carbohydrate metabolism, its overall effect on cardiovascular risk, particularly in high-risk groups such as African-Americans, assumes increasing importance.
Effect of Fatigue on Protein Consumption

Summary1. The results of approximately 105 weeks of urine collections by 70 individuals are given in terms of N excretion. 2. The daily values are plotted and it is found that there is a decided tendency toward a decreasing daily excretion from Sunday to Saturday. 3. These results are interpreted as supporting the claim of a fatigue effect upon protein consumption. 4. It is shown that in spite of this tendency specimens collected on any clay of the week may be used to give an accurate idea of the protein consumption of the group if the group is large enough.
‘Not for everyone, but kind of amazing’: institutional friction and the nature of sustainability education

Human activities on the planet are having an unprecedented effect on the natural and social systems that sustain life. As a result, sustainability has become a popular normative social and ecological goal to address conditions of unsustainability. These terms are definitionally vague and contextualized by diverse cultural actors to mean particular things within different contexts. The dissertation study reported here explored the theory and practice of sustainability education in an institutionalized educational setting, including its varied ecological, educational and infrastructural implications. By using an institutional ethnographic methodology, I explained how one educational institution socially constructed and physically operationalized a particular conception of sustainability education. Using ecosystem complexity theory, ecological communication dynamics and political ecology as theoretical lenses, and phronetic case and abductive gestalt analyses as analytic tools, I detailed how this institution engaged in elite-driven change with social, cultural and material implications in the community. In particular, the emergent ideation of sustainability education manifested as a down-shifting of social and ecological responsibility to the local scale and represents a larger trend in the neoliberalization of environmental education. I also argue that sustainability education represents a privileged eco-chic discourse and discuss the implications of this nascent phenomenon as it relates to green capitalism. Findings speak to the emerging fields of sustainability studies in general, and sustainability education in particular, and inform future sustainability research and practice.
Employability, well‐being and job satisfaction following a job loss

Purpose – This paper aims to investigate changes in psychological well‐being over time for individuals who experienced a career disruption in the form of a company closing, and to examine the relationships between employability, well‐being, and job satisfaction. It seeks to expand on previous work of job loss relative to the long‐term impact of the experience and on Fugate et al.'s psycho‐social conceptualization of employability.Design/methodology/approach – Data were collected at the time of job loss (T1) and six years later (T2). The 73 respondents at T2 represent a stratified random sample of the T1 respondents. Hypotheses were tested with paired sample t‐tests and hierarchical multiple regression.Findings – Results indicate that the negative psychological impact of job loss diminishes over time. Additionally, employability predicted well‐being and job satisfaction.Practical implications – The results of the study provide guidance for the design and administration of outplacement and related programs ...
Enumeration and identification of Actinomycetaceae in human dental calculus using the fluorescent antibody technique

Abstract Thirty-three specimens of dental calculus were examined for species of Actinomyces, Arachnia, Rothia and Bacterionema using the fluorescent antibody (FA) technique. Each specimen contained 2–4 species of Actinomyces with A. israelii being present in 99 per cent of the specimens but A. bovis was not found in any specimen. When all 9 Actinomycetaceae species were considered, the number of species per sample ranged from 3 to 7. The total Actinomycetaceae count had a mean of 1·9 × 107 organisms per gram wet weight, while the total microscopic count had a mean of 8·9 × 1010 organisms per gram wet weight. The FA technique rapidly and specifically identifies species of Actinomycetaceae in dental material, and with further improvement will be applicable for the enumeration of these organisms.
THE PREPARATION OF FROZEN-DRIED TISSUE FOR ELECTRON MICROSCOPY

A method is described for the preparation of liver by freezing and drying which avoids the formation of ice crystals visible with the electron microscope. Such dried preparations after postfixation may be stained with numerous reagents. They may also be stained for cytochemical study of ribonucleic and desoxyribonucleic acids, and for glycogen. Details of the methods are given, together with a brief justification of them through a summary of the controls employed. Further details, as well as a description of the submicroscopic morphology following the use of the methods, will be described elsewhere.
Slow wave sleep, shallow torpor and hibernation: Homologous states of diminished metabolism and body temperature

Until recently, sleep and hibernation were not usually considered to be closely related states (e.g. Dement, 1967). However, two current lines of research point toward a system of relations between caloric intake, thermogenesis, metabolic rate and adiposity in the regulation of the energy balance of warm-blooded animals (endotherms). One line indicates that sleep, shallow torpor and hibernation are homologous energy conserving processes, lying on a continuum of decreasing metabolism and body temperature (Tb). The other line indicates that the metabolic reductions brought about by sleep, shallow torpor and hibernation are regulated in accordance with periodic ecological factors affecting energy intake and energy balance.
Diamine reagents in thermospray mass spectrometry

Determination of the molecular weight for an unknown by thermospray liquid chromatographic/mass spectrometric analysis using ammonium acetate mobile phase can be both confusing and misleading. This is due to the uncertainty of whether an ion is either a protonated species or an ammonium adduct or both. Deuterium oxide and ammonium acetate buffers have been used to elucidate molecular species of unknown compounds with some success. We have investigated an alternative method which utilizes diamine reagents. This method simplifies the identification of unknown molecular species in an inexpensive manner. Diamines form adduct ions readily with many substances. A comparison of spectra obtained for an unknown using ammonium acetate or diaminoethane in separate analyses is useful for identifying molecular species. Using ammonium acetate as a mobile phase, a molecule is often detected as a protonated molecular species. However, using diaminoethane mobile phase, this same molecule is most often detected as a diaminoethane adduct. Comparison of each spectrum reveals a mass difference of 60 for a molecule detected as a protonated species and a diaminoethane adduct. In addition, a mass difference of 43 will be obtained in a similar spectral comparison if a molecule forms ammonium adducts using ammonium acetate mobile phase and diaminoethane adducts using diaminoethane. An analysis of an unknown substance with several molecular species is presented as an example of the utility of diamine reagents in thermospray mass spectrometry. By observing mass spectral differences, molecular species can be identified as either a protonated ion or an adduct ion.
The Effect of Furosemide on Hypercalcemia Due to Dihydrotachysterol

Abstract In an attempt to study the effect of saluretic agents on hypercalcemia, rats were given dihydrotachysterol and treated at the same time with furosemide. The elevated serum calcium level of dihydrotachysterol was lowered by simultaneous furosemide administration. A normocalcemic blood level was temporarily depressed by furosemide administered alone. The reduction of hypercalcemic blood levels by furosemide is best explained by an increase in calcium excretion. A uniform drop in serum sodium was observed. Sodium and fluid losses were continuously replaced to prevent contraction of the extracellular volume and to sustain increased calcium excretion. The phosphorus blood level was temporarily increased; the level of magnesium and potassium remained unchanged. Clinical reports are confirmed in which hypercalcemia was effectively treated with furosemide.
Panel on Impact of Method of Expressing Protein Content of Milk—Dairy Herd Improvement Association

Abstract The use of true protein as the calibration standard for milk testing instruments would improve accuracy of results with no loss of efficiency or economy in laboratories. An appropriate factor or formula should be developed to adjust the true protein result to average crude protein levels. The dairy industry would then have a more accurate method of calibration for milk protein worldwide while retaining a familiar looking result for production records, milk protein payment systems, and consumer comparisons with other foods.