cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Trust and Other‐Anxiety in Negotiations: Dynamics Across Boundaries of Self and Culture

A condition of trust between parties negotiating from positions of separate interest can make the difference between desired and undesirable outcomes, not to mention the processes leading up to them. We posit that trust is multiply determined, relational, and deeply embedded in the psychological processes of individual negotiating parties and the social psychological processes between them. How self and other are experienced, and the personal and cultural processes by which the Other Party becomes perceived as having shared boundaries such that trust is possible, is the topic of this essay. We examine an exchange of email between two members of a Russian and Argentine software joint venture, to illustrate how the sense of Otherness can escalate conflict and decrease trust. Inherent in our exposition are prescriptions for avoiding such escalation and polarizing of self and other parties, through such mechanisms as deliberate contact, respect, and awareness of one's own psychological processes in presenting self and perceiving Other.
T Cell Receptor Signals to NF-κB Are Transmitted by a Cytosolic p62-Bcl10-Malt1-IKK Signalosome

Antigen-mediated stimulation of the T cell receptor (TCR) triggers activation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), a key transcriptional regulator of T cell proliferation and effector cell differentiation. TCR signaling to NF-κB requires both the Carma1-Bcl10-Malt1 (CBM) complex and the inhibitor of κB (IκB) kinase (IKK) complex; however, the molecular mechanisms connecting the CBM complex to activation of IKK are incompletely defined. We found that the active IKK complex is a component of a TCR-dependent cytosolic Bcl10-Malt1 signalosome containing the adaptor protein p62, which forms in effector T cells. Phosphorylated IκBα and NF-κB were transiently recruited to this signalosome before NF-κB translocated to the nucleus. Inhibiting the activity of the kinase TAK1 or IKK blocked the phosphorylation of IKK, but not the formation of p62-Bcl10-Malt1 clusters, suggesting that activation of IKK occurs after signalosome assembly. Furthermore, analysis of T cells from p62-deficient mice demonstrated that the p62-dependent clustering of signaling components stimulated activation of NF-κB in effector T cells. Thus, TCR-stimulated activation of NF-κB requires the assembly of cytosolic p62-Bcl10-Malt1-IKK signalosomes, which may ensure highly regulated activation of NF-κB in response to TCR engagement.
Using a Generic Network Model to Represent a Case Network for Evacuation Simulation

Communities throughout the world today face tremendous risks from many hazardous events, both natural and man-made. A region's evacuation strategy encompasses a variety of areas and needs, many of these interdependent and interrelated. Primary amongst these is the minimization of total evacuation time, often represented in models as the clearance time estimate (CTE). It is important for emergency managers to know CTE, but resources are scarce. A generic simulation model that approximates a region's CTE has been developed, and can serve as a surrogate for a user-specific network within a specific range of size and population
Remembering Jim Buchanan

James Buchanan was an important influence on the Austrian revival and not incidentally on my own career. By taking the work of Ludwig von Mises, Friedrich Hayek and Israel Kirzner seriously at a time when Austrian economics was ignored by the economics profession and by making his own contributions to subjectivist economics, Buchanan helped make the Austrian perspective professionally respectable, and inspired a generation of young economists interested in the Austrian school.
The Competent Scholar

Scholars in occupational therapy are responsible for ensuring that the profession's body of knowledge is so formulated that it provides the foundation for carrying out the work of the profession effectively, compassionately, and ethically. This article delineates the knowledge, skills, and typical personal attributes of competent scholars. Some suggestions are offered about how the occupational therapy profession might increase its number of competent scholars.
Effairness: Dealing with Time in Congestion Control Evaluation

Congestion control algorithms are traditionally evaluated in contrast to ideal capacity allocations that specify instantaneous efficient fair rates for application sessions but ignore time. While the latter is tenable for local networks and networks where all application sessions last long, instantaneous ideal allocations are inadequate standards for congestion control evaluation in dynamic wide-area networks. In this paper, we propose an alternative ideal of an effair allocation that explicitly accounts for unavoidable propagation delay. We develop an algorithm for computing the effair allocation and present a metric of effairness that quantifies how close the actual network services are to the effair allocation on the receiver, session, and network levels.
Ecological stoichiometry and the shape of resource-based tradeoffs

Fitness tradeoffs are expected when organisms must allocate a limited resource between two or more traits. Despite the fact that most resources are made up of multiple elements or components, tradeoff models have traditionally been implicitly or explicitly based on a single currency. Here I propose a model for a resource-based tradeoff between two traits that share two resource elements, and suggest ecological stoichiometry as a critical mechanism controlling the shape of tradeoffs. The tradeoff curve in the model has different shapes depending on the elemental stoichiometry of the traits and the available resource. I further describe a conceptual framework that combines a tradeoff curve with a fitness function to predict an optimal combination of traits in stoichiometrically different environments. The model suggests that even though the fitness function is fixed, an optimal combination of traits can vary depending on the stoichiometry of both the traits and the supplied resource.
A Multicomponent System Is Required for Tetracycline-Induced Excision of Tn4555

Bacteroides spp. are the predominant organisms in the intestinal tract, and they also are important opportunistic pathogens. Antibiotic therapy of Bacteroides infections often is complicated by the prevalence of drug-resistant organisms which acquire resistance genes from a variety of mobile genetic elements including conjugative transposons (CTns) and mobilizable transposons (MTns). Tn4555 is an MTn that encodes β-lactam resistance, and it is efficiently mobilized by the Bacteroides CTns via a tetracycline (TET)-inducible mechanism. In this study a model system with CTn341 and a Tn4555 minielement was used to examine Tn4555 excision from the chromosome. Using PCR and mobilization assays it was established that excision was stimulated by TET in the presence of CTn341. In order to determine which Tn4555 genes were required for excision, int, tnpA, tnpC, xis, and mobA mutants were examined. The results indicated that int plus two additional genes, tnpC and xis, were required for optimal excision. In addition, there was no requirement for the mobA gene, as had been shown for another MTn, NBU1. The Xis protein sequence is related to a family of plasmid excisionases, but the TnpC gene product did not match anything in the sequence databases. Evidence also was obtained that suggested that Xis is involved in the control of TET-induced excision and in control of mobilization by CTn341. Overall, these results indicate that excision of MTns is a complex process that requires multiple gene products.
REST-PEEP: reduced scan time phase-encoded echo planar imaging.

Echo planar methodology can be used for rapid acquisition in three dimensions of k-space. There are two groups of sequences which have thus far been implemented. The first group is characterized by three-dimensional acquisition from a single RF excitation. Echo planar shift mapping and echo volumar imaging are single-shot chemical shift imaging and three-dimensional spatial imaging techniques, respectively. Even though these methods are extremely fast, their spatial and spectral resolutions are poor. In the second group of sequences, echo planar imaging acquisition is repeated for every phase-encode gradient step to improve upon the spatial resolution and signal-to-noise ratio at the expense of acquisition time. Here we report a novel combination of these two groups of sequences aimed at providing additional flexibility in trade-offs between the spectral bandwidth, signal-to-noise ratio, spatial resolution and imaging time. Preliminary results for both chemical shift imaging and three-dimensional spatial imaging are presented. The chemical shift imaging was optimized for excitation of the N-acetyl aspartate (NAA). An interesting consequence of our approach is that the Nyquist ghost is transferred from the spectrum to the metabolite image. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
PDA-based Boolean Function Simplification: a Useful Educational Tool

In this paper a useful educational tool is presented for minimizing low order Boolean expressions. The algorithm follows the Karnaugh map looping approach and provides optimal results. For the implementation, C++ was used on the CodeWarrior for Palm Operating System environment. In order to make the overall implementation efficient, the object oriented approach was used. Two step-by-step examples are presented to illustrate the efficiency of the proposed algorithm. The proposed application can be used by students and professors in the fields of electrical and computer engineering and computer science.
Outcome of Severe Receptive Language Disorder

The clinical and familial characteristics of severe receptive specific language impairment (SLI) were studied in 58 affected children (ratio of boys to girls 2:1) at the Department of Child Life and Health, University of Edinburgh, Scotland.
R.E. Olds: Auto Industry Pioneer

This article presents a review of the book “R. E. Olds: Auto Industry Pioneer,” by George S. May.
NUCLEATION: Measurements, Theory, and Atmospheric Applications

New experiments have succeeded in measuring actual rates of nucleation and are revealing the shortcomings of classical nucleation theory, which assumes that the molecular-scale regions of the new phase may be treated using bulk thermodynamics and planar surface free energies. In response to these developments, new theories have been developed that incorporate information about molecular interactions in a more realistic fashion. This article reviews recent experimental and theoretical advances in the study of nucleation of liquids from the vapor and of crystals from the melt, with particular emphasis on phenomena that relate to particle formation in the atmosphere.
Complete gastric duplication in an adult with associated anomalies

Gastric duplication is a rare congenital developmental abnormality usually encountered in children. Nearly all reported cases of this entity describe noncommunicating-type duplication cysts. We present an extremely rare case of complete gastric duplication, involving two separate gastric lumens with proximal and distal communication, incidentally discovered in an elderly male in association with various congenital anomalies not previously reported in literature, as diagnosed with computed tomographic scan and upper gastrointestinal endoscopy.
Microbiological Methods and Monitoring of Drinking Water

Microbiological monitoring of potable water in distribution systems has been practiced in the United States and other countries since early in the 20th century. It is an attempt to determine the safety of the water in relation to the possibility of transmission of waterborne disease. Water samples are collected and tested for the presence of indicator bacteria. One source of the indicator bacteria is fecal material. If the indicators are found, the water may be contaminated with fecal material and, therefore, may not be safe to drink. If the indicator bacteria are not found, it may be inferred that the water is not contaminated with fecal material and will not transmit waterborne disease. Microbiological monitoring of drinking water in practice is far from the ideal expressed in the two previous sentences.
An unusual sonographic appearance of a chronic renal peritransplant lymphocele

Lymphoceles are the most common renal peritransplant collections. They typically develop and progress within 6 months of transplantation. Clinical presentation is varied and includes azotemia, lower extremity edema, fever, weight gain, tenderness over the allograft, palpable mass, and thromboembolic complications. Herein, we present a chronic peritransplant lymphocele with unusually thick and irregular internal septae which could easily be mistaken for other complex peritransplant or pelvic masses. In this case, color Doppler flow imaging helped to limit the differential diagnosis as well as to guide appropriate intervention. Additionally, we describe the pathophysiology of lymphocele formation and treatment options.
Advertising's Internal Audience:

Marketing decision makers often do not consider an important internal or “second audience” for their advertisements: employees. Yet employees do notice their employer's advertisements, evaluate the...
Design, Fabrication, and Testing of an Insect-Sized MAV Wing Flapping Mechanism

Flapping Wing Micro Air Vechicles have been proposed for their ability to operate in confined spaces such as inside buildings. Numerous designs have been proposed for birdsized flapping wing MAVs, but few for insect-sized vehicles. The smaller scale of insect-sized vehicles require different design and fabrication approaches. Here, a 7 cm wingspan design is presented that uses bimorph piezoelectric cantilever actuators amplified through a fourbar linkage to flap the MAV wings through a wing stroke angle of ±55�i . Novel methods for micro-fabrication are described that enable the repeatable assembly of such small structures. Finally, the mechanism is tested with a laser vibrometer, and the experimental results are presented showing that the fabricated MAV prototype behaves as designed.
Abstract A22: The impact of dose reduction upon local tumor control for stereotactic radiation therapy in an orthotopic rat model of osteosarcoma

Purpose: Primary bone tumors such as osteosarcoma (OSA) are rare but devastating tumors that most commonly affect young people. For adolescents and dogs with OSA, local tumor control can be difficult to achieve with finely fractionated radiation therapy. Stereotactic radiation therapy (SRT) is a promising treatment modality that results in the delivery of ablative radiation dose to the tumor, while preferentially minimizing dose to the surrounding normal tissues. In our clinical experience with SRT in dogs, a total dose of 36Gy delivered in three fractions has been associated with excellent local tumor control based upon clinical response and histopathology of the irradiated tumor. The risk of post radiation fracture is related to pre-existing tumor associated osteolysis and the effect of irradiation upon normal bone. A previously established orthotopic rat model was used to perform a dose reduction study in an effort to optimize the SRT protocol. Methods & Materials: Twenty-four nude rats were injected with 1 x 10^6 canine osteosarcoma cells into the distal femoral metaphyses. Two weeks after tumor inoculation, rats were treated with SRT delivered once daily in three equal fractions. The tumor affected bone of six rats each were treated to a total dose of 36Gy (12Gy/fx), 33Gy (11Gy/fx), 30Gy (10Gy/fx), or 27Gy (9Gy/fx). Tumor viability and response to SRT were evaluated once weekly for six weeks via bioluminescence imaging, radiographs of the femur, and urine pyridinoline levels (PYD). Acute radiation effects of the skin were evaluated by Veterinary Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (VROTG) normal tissue toxicity scoring rubric. Post mortem histology provided an objective measure of tumor necrosis. Results: In all treatment groups, PYD levels were significantly increased two weeks after tumor inoculation (p Conclusions: All four protocols were well tolerated and associated with mild, transient skin toxicity. In canine and human osteosarcoma data, improved duration of local tumor control is correlated with tumor necrosis of 80% or higher. While there was no statistical significance between treatment groups, only the 36Gy group achieved that benchmark of tumor control. Consideration of SRT as a therapeutic option for adolescents with OSA requires further evaluation via orthotopic models. Future dose reduction studies evaluating the clinically relevant concurrent administration of carboplatin and SRT are warranted. Citation Format: James T. Custis, Anthony L. Schwartz, Joseph F. Harmon, Barbara E. Powers, Laura S. Chubb, Susan M. LaRue, Nicole P. Ehrhart, Stewart D. Ryan. The impact of dose reduction upon local tumor control for stereotactic radiation therapy in an orthotopic rat model of osteosarcoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: The Translational Impact of Model Organisms in Cancer; Nov 5-8, 2013; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2014;12(11 Suppl):Abstract nr A22.
Overexpression of FGF-2 modulates fiber cell differentiation and survival in the mouse lens

During mammalian embryogenesis, the ocular lens forms through a temporally and spatially regulated pattern of differentiation which is thought to be coordinated at least in part by the FGF-1 and FGF-2 members of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family. Previous transgenic experiments in which FGF-1 or dominant negative FGF receptors were overexpressed in the lens indicated that FGF-1 could induce differentiation while differentiated lens cells rely upon FGF signaling for their survival. In this study, we asked if the 17.5 kDa FGF-2 protein was capable of inducing differentiation of lens cells in transgenic mice. Unexpectedly, differentiation was inhibited by lens-specific expression of a transgene encoding a secreted form of the 17.5 kDa bovine FGF-2 protein under the transcriptional control of the murine alphaA-crystallin promoter (alphaAIgFGF-2 transgenic mice). To address the possibility that FGF-2 functions as a modulator of fiber cell survival, alphaAIgFGF-2 transgenic mice were crossed to transgenic mice exhibiting extensive apoptosis in the lens due to the functional inactivation of the retinoblastoma protein (alphaAE7 transgenic mice). The level of apoptosis in the lenses of double transgenic mice was substantially reduced as compared to the level in lenses from alphaAE7 only mice. These studies indicate that FGF-2 can act as a modulator of the later stages of differentiation including fiber cell survival. Additionally, they imply that control of lens development by FGFs is a complex process in which FGF-1 and FGF-2 play distinct roles.
Study on Impacts of Jin-Su UHVDC Transmission on Operating Characteristics of Jiangsu Power Grid Based on ADPSS

In order to research the operating characteristics of Jiangsu power grid with Jin-Su UHVDC accessing,and the influence on Jiangsu power grid after AC system failure or bipolar blocking, based on higher load in summer of Jiangsu power grid, the Jin-Su UHVDC transmission electromagnetic transient model and the electromechanical model of remaining Jiangsu power grid on ADPSS(power system digital simulation device)are built up. The stability of Jiangsu power grid with Jin-Su UHVDC accessing by electrical-electromagnetic hybrid typical fault simulation is studied and the impact on stability margin of Jiangsu power grid with Jin-Su UHDVC accessing is analyzed. The restart process after bipolar blocking is also researched. Simulation and experimental results show that the model can accurately reflect operating characteristic of UHVDC transmission from Jinping to southern Jiangsu; south of Jiangsu area and key line static voltage stability limit can be promoted by accessing UHDVC transmission from Jinping to southern Jiangsu; Jiangsu power grid can operate stately during bipolar blocking or typical fault in AC system; Jiangsu power grid can restart smoothly after bipolar blocking.
Strong Current Test Automation Device in Oscillation Circuit

In order to raise efficiency and automation level of the oscillation circuit's self synthetic tests to reduce operators' labor hardness and misoperation,a set of tests process automatic control device was designed.The common relay program control circuit combined with electronic circuits was adopted so as to raise the capability for strong anti-electromagnetic field interference.After debugging ,the automatic device has been successfully put into operation,automatically controlling the whole test processes.
Post-Implementation Experience With Computerassisted Nurse Scheduling In A Large Hospital

This paper discusses three years experience in computer-assisted scheduling of nursing personnel at the Jewish Hospital of St Louis. A computer-based system was developed and implemented to enable ...
Normal and abnormal human brain development.

The organizational framework of this article is the chronology of normal development of the central nervous system. A review of the major developmental events that occur most prominently during each time period is presented, followed by a discussion of the disorders that result when such development is deranged.
Consanguinity in modern Europe

Although various disciplines have been concerned with kinship in Europe, none has yet considered how the region's diverse aspects of familial reciprocity have connected with one another over time. Some biographers and social historians have discussed the manner in which particular industrialists or groups of workers utilized kin, but few writers have examined the phenomenon systematically, let alone comparatively or conceptually. Of the work that has been done, more has focused on marriage than any other aspect of kinship, no doubt because since the mid nineteenth century biologists and geneticists have been interested in the physical and mental effects of consanguineal marriages on descendants. But their interests have been confined to people who demonstrably share the same “blood” or genetic makeup – those who descend from a common ancestor. For these scientists, other conceptions of incest can get in the way of their investigations. Thus a series of dispensations that failed to distinguish between marriage with a cousin and marriage with the wife's sister would fail to offer the kind of information they need. In many studies of endogamy based on easily accessible records of dispensation, just such problems arise: the rate can be skewed by the fact that an unknown percentage of couples avoided applying for dispensations, or officials might have left gaps in their records; various categories have often been handled indiscriminately (first and second cousins, cousins and sisters-in-law, relatives by blood or marriage and godkin); and reckoning of relationships might be haphazard or fail to follow prescribed rules.
Adverse Structural and Functional Effects of Marijuana on the Brain: Evidence Reviewed

The growing use and legalization of cannabis are leading to increased exposures across all age groups, including in adolescence. The touting of its medicinal values stems from anecdotal reports related to treatment of a broad range of illnesses including epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, muscle spasms, arthritis, obesity, cancer, Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, post-traumatic stress, inflammatory bowel disease, and anxiety. However, anecdotal data and the high level of interest in this treatment must not obscure objective assessments of any potential and realized short- and long-term adverse effects of cannabis, particularly with respect to age of onset and chronicity of exposure. This critical review focuses on evidence-based research designed to assess both therapeutic benefits and harmful effects of cannabis exposure and is combined with an illustration of the neuropathologic findings in a fatal case of cannabis-induced psychosis. The literature and reported case provide strong evidence that chronic cannabis abuse causes cognitive impairment and damages the brain, particularly white matter, where cannabinoid 1 receptors abound. Contrary to popular perception, there are few objective data supporting preferential use of cannabis over conventional therapy for restoration of central nervous system structure and function in disease states such as multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, or schizophrenia. Additional research is needed to determine if subsets of individuals with various neurological and psychiatric diseases derive therapeutic benefits from cannabis.
MD/DPD Multiscale Framework for Predicting Morphology and Stresses of Red Blood Cells in Health and Disease

Healthy red blood cells (RBCs) have remarkable deformability, squeezing through narrow capillaries as small as 3 microns in diameter without any damage. However, in many hematological disorders the spectrin network and lipid bilayer of diseased RBCs may be significantly altered, leading to impaired functionality including loss of deformability. We employ a two-component whole-cell multiscale model to quantify the biomechanical characteristics of the healthy and diseased RBCs, including Plasmodium falciparum-infected RBCs (Pf-RBCs) and defective RBCs in hereditary disorders, such as spherocytosis and elliptocytosis. In particular, we develop a two-step multiscale framework based on coarse-grained molecular dynamics (CGMD) and dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) to predict the static and dynamic responses of RBCs subject to tensile forcing, using experimental information only on the structural defects in the lipid bilayer, cytoskeleton, and their interaction. We first employ CGMD on a small RBC patch to compute the shear modulus, bending stiffness, and network parameters, which are subsequently used as input to a whole-cell DPD model to predict the RBC shape and corresponding stress field. For Pf-RBCs at trophozoite and schizont stages, the presence of cytoadherent knobs elevates the shear response in the lipid bilayer and stiffens the RBC membrane. For RBCs in spherocytosis and elliptocytosis, the bilayer-cytoskeleton interaction is weakened, resulting in substantial increase of the tensile stress in the lipid bilayer. Furthermore, we investigate the transient behavior of stretching deformation and shape relaxation of the normal and defective RBCs. Different from the normal RBCs possessing high elasticity, our simulations reveal that the defective RBCs respond irreversibly, i.e., they lose their ability to recover the normal biconcave shape in successive loading cycles of stretching and relaxation. Our findings provide fundamental insights into the microstructure and biomechanics of RBCs, and demonstrate that the two-step multiscale framework presented here can be used effectively for in silico studies of hematological disorders based on first principles and patient-specific experimental input at the protein level.
First Complete Genome Sequence of a Simian Foamy Virus Isolate from a Cynomolgus Macaque

ABSTRACT We report here the first complete proviral genome sequence (DDBJ/ENA/GenBank accession no. LC094267) of a simian foamy virus, SFVmfa/Cy5061, isolated from a cynomolgus macaque (Macaca fascicularis). This proviral genome consists of 12,965 nucleotides and has five open reading frames, gag, pol, env, tas, and bet, as with other foamy viruses.
Packaged capacitive pressure sensor system for aircraft engine health monitoring

This paper describes the development of a packaged silicon carbide (SiC) based MEMS pressure sensor system designed specifically for a conventional turbofan engine. The electronic circuit is based on a Clapp-type oscillator that incorporates a 6H-SiC MESFET, a SiCN MEMS capacitive pressure sensor, titanate MIM capacitors, wirewound inductors, and thick film resistors. The pressure sensor serves as the capacitor in the LC tank circuit, thereby linking pressure to the resonant frequency of the oscillator. The oscillator and DC bias circuitry were fabricated on an alumina substrate and secured inside a metal housing. The packaged sensing system reliably operates at 0 to 350 psi and 25 to 540°C. The system has a pressure sensitivity of 6.8 × 10−2 MHz/psi. The packaged system shows negligible difference in frequency response between 25 and ∼400°C. The fully packaged sensor passed standard benchtop acceptance tests and was evaluated on a flight-worthy engine.
Core plasma physics basis and its impacts on the FNSF

Abstract The FNSF core plasma physics is examined with detailed analysis to establish the basis for the reference configuration, R = 4.8 m, a = 1.2 m, Ip = 7.87 MA, and BT = 7.5 T, q95 = 6, fBS = 0.52, βN = 2.2–2.7) profiles are examined, indicating that energy confinement of H98 = 1.1–1.2 is required to provide 100% non-inductive plasma current in the FNSF. GLF23 theory based transport model predicted lower energy confinement of H98 ∼0.6–0.85. The EPED analysis shows that the pedestal temperature ranges from 4.0–4.7 keV for pedestal densities of 1.7–1.0 × 1020/m3. The n = 1 kink stability shows no-wall beta limits, using the pressure and current profiles associated with the transport and current drive sources, ranging from βN ∼2.25–2.55 depending on li. A conducting wall can extend these limits by 10–40% depending on li and wall location. At the lower beta’s of the reference plasma, a combination of 50 MW of NB, 30 MW of LH, 20 MW of ICRF, 20 MW of EC, and bootstrap current, are found to provide 100% of the plasma current with a stable current profile. Impacts on the FNSF of plasma physics are discussed and R&D challenges are highlighted.
Making A Career: Reproducing Gender within a Predominately Female Profession:

In this study, I apply the perspective of gendered organizations to nursing and use ethnographically informed career biographies of nurse practitioners, a subset of highly credentialed nurses, to investigate the reproduction of gender by inclusionary institutional practices. My findings illustrate how nursing’s historically subordinate position as a female profession has led to institutional arrangements and aspirational resources for contemporary careers. Features such as flexible educational institutions and an extended credentials ladder allow women to recast structural constraints into individual possibilities. This recasting allows individuals to make careers but also recirculates notions of “flexible women” whose careers are institutionalized as secondary to family concerns.
Anti-HIV IgM protects against mucosal SHIV transmission

Objective:Worldwide, most new HIV infections occur through mucosal exposure. Immunoglobulin M (IgM) is the first antibody class generated in response to infectious agents; IgM is present in the systemic circulation and in mucosal fluids as secretory IgM. We sought to investigate for the first time t
Surgical Myectomy and Associated Procedures: Techniques and Outcomes

Septal myectomy is currently the gold standard for treatment of symptomatic obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy that is not responsive to medical management. The heterogeneity of this disease process requires a broad knowledge of anatomic and functional abnormalities found in these patients. Specific operative techniques have been developed that have shown excellent short and long term outcomes with rare complications. Concomitant cardiac surgery, if required, may be performed safely along with myectomy.
Heparin Cofactor II

Heparin cofactor II (HCII) is a serpin that inhibits thrombin rapidly in the presence of dermatan sulfate or heparin. Both of these glycosaminoglycans bind to HCII and increase the rate of inhibition of thrombin >1000-fold. This review will focus on the biochemistry of HCII and the mechanism by which glycosaminoglycans stimulate its activity.
Review paper: Rotifer responses to increased acidity: long-term patterns during the experimental manipulation of Little Rock Lake

Little Rock Lake, Wisconsin, U.S.A. has been the site of a whole-ecosystem experiment since 1983. It was divided into a treatment basin that was acidified in three, two-year stages and a reference basin. The rotifer community in the treatment basin exhibited a variety of responses to the manipulation. Many species decreased in abundance under reduced pH conditions but other rotifers increased at the same time such that there were ultimately increases with acidification in total rotifer biomass, and quite conspicuously, in the proportion that rotifers comprised of total zooplankton biomass. Ten rotifer species decreased at some stage during the acidification (e.g., Kellicottia longispina, Asplanchna priodonta and Keratella cochlearis) while four species increased dramatically (e.g., Synchaeta sp. and Keratella taurocephala). Similarity indices and total rotifer biomass differences measured between the two basins exhibited very different temporal patterns of response to acidification. Similarity decreased regularly beginning with the earliest stages of acid additions while biomass was nearly the same between the basins until the late stages of the experiment. Comparisons with other nearby lakes indicate, however, that acid conditions are not the only factors generating among-lake differences in rotifer community characteristics. Changes observed with acidification in Little Rock Lake were such that its total rotifer biomass grew more similar to that in a nearby acidic-bog lake and different from that in a near-neutral-pH lake. At the same time, abundance patterns for individual rotifer species in Little Rock Lake were not particularly similar to those in the other lakes. It appears that, although they are important, acid conditions alone can not account for all observed rotifer community differences among lakes. Higher proportions of rotifer biomass and high populations of K. taurocephala do seem to be common features of many low pH habitats.
Prognostic Value of Global Longitudinal Strain in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: A Systematic Review of Existing Literature.

Abstract Objectives The association of left ventricular global longitudinal strain (LV-GLS) with clinical outcomes in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) has been examined in multiple studies. The authors conducted a systematic review aimed at summarizing and critically appraising the current evidence. Background HCM is a common genetic cardiovascular disease with an estimated prevalence of 1 in 500 patients. LV-GLS derived from speckle tracking echocardiography is a sensitive noninvasive method of assessing regional left ventricular function. Several studies have suggested association of abnormal LV-GLS with outcomes in HCM patients. Methods A computerized literature search of all English language publications in the PubMed and EMBASE databases was made looking at all randomized and nonrandomized studies conducted on patients with HCM where association of LV-GLS with clinical outcomes was studied. We then manually searched the reference lists of included articles. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses statement (PRISMA) of reporting systematic reviews was used. Results Our search yielded a total of 14 observational studies published between 2009 and 2017 with a total of 3,154 patients with HCM. Eleven of the 14 studies included a composite cardiac outcome which included mortality as their primary outcome of interest and 3 of the 14 studies looked at association of LV-GLS with ventricular arrhythmias and/or implantable cardiac defibrillator discharge. We noted wide variability in inclusion, methodology, follow-up, and consequently effect estimates, which was not conducive to performing a meta-analysis. However, despite the variation, all studies revealed a degree of association of abnormal LV-GLS with poor cardiac outcomes. Conclusions Our systematic review of more than 3000 HCM patients suggests an association of abnormal LV-GLS with adverse composite cardiac outcomes and ventricular arrhythmias.
Predicting the polyethylene wear rate in pin-on-disc experiments in the context of prosthetic hip implants: Deriving a data-driven model using machine learning methods

Pin-on-disc (PoD) experiments are widely used to quantify and rank wear of different material couples for prosthetic hip implant bearings. However, polyethylene wear results obtained from different PoD experiments are sometimes difficult to compare, which potentially leaves information inaccessible. We use machine learning methods to implement several data-driven models, and subsequently validate them by quantifying the prediction error with respect to published experimental data. A data-driven model can supplement results from PoD wear experiments, and enables predicting polyethylene wear of new PoD experiments based on its operating parameters. It also reveals the relative contribution of individual PoD operating parameters to the resulting polyethylene wear, thus informing design of experiments, and potentially reducing the need for time consuming PoD wear measurements.
Credit constraints and soybean farmers' welfare in subsistence agriculture in Togo.

Abstract This study assesses the impact of credit constraints on soybean farmers' welfare in subsistence agriculture in Togo. In order to control potential sample selection bias, the endogenous switching regression method was adopted and data collected from a random sample of 500 soybean farmers were used. The results showed that farmers' age, being a member of the soybean organization and selling the soybean to a recognized NGO or to a private organization and growing cotton or cashew are the main determinants of access to full amount of credit. The results show a discrimination against gender in accessing the full amount of credit. Formal education and participating in the extension programs would increase farmers' welfare. Increasing land cultivation would increase women's welfare compared to men. Adopting intercropping technique as conservation agriculture has positive and significant impact on women's welfare. Moreover, having access to the full amount of credit increases soybean production by 1.35% and farmers' revenue by 1.32%, compared to farmers without having access to the full amount of credit. These results suggest the rethinking of the role of agricultural credit in soybean farmers' welfare in the study areas with great attention to the gender dimension.
Intravascular injections of adenoassociated viral vector serotypes rh10 and PHP.B transduce murine sciatic nerve axons.

Abstract Adenoassociated viral vectors provide a safe and robust method for expression of transgenes in nondividing cells such as neurons. Intravenous injections of these vectors provide a means of transducing motoneurons of peripheral nerves. Previous research has demonstrated that serotypes 1, rh10 and PHP.B can transduce motor neuron cell bodies in the spinal cord, but has not quantified expression in the peripheral nerve axon. Axonal labeling is crucial for optogenetic stimulation and detection of action potentials in peripheral nerve. Therefore, in this study, serotypes 1, PHP.B, and rh10 were tested for their ability to label axons of the murine sciatic and tibial nerve following intravenous injection. Serotype rh10 elicits expression in 10% of acetylcholine transferase positive axons of the sciatic nerve in immunohistochemically-stained sections. Serotype rh10 transduces a variety of axon diameters from
Retrocondylar Far-Lateral Approach for Resection of a Craniocervical Junction Hemangioblastoma

We present a case in which a retrocondylar far-lateral approach was utilized to resect a hemangioblastoma at the craniocervical junction. The patient was a 33-year-old man presenting with 2 months of symptoms referable to compression at the craniocervical junction (i.e., dizziness and gait instability). Though neurologically intact on exam, his imaging demonstrated a highly vascular cystic lesion dorsolateral to the medulla on the left consistent with a hemangioblastoma. Virtual reality software was critical to visualize the patient's lesion in relationship to the vertebral artery and draining vein ( Fig. 1 ). A far-lateral retrocondylar suboccipital craniectomy with a C1 hemilamiectomy permitted resection of this lesion. The operative strategy was to address the lesion similar to an arteriovenous malformation by detaching the lesion from its arterial feeders first, and then addressing the lesion's draining vein ( Fig. 2 ). Postoperative imaging demonstrated a gross-total resection and the patient had an uncomplicated postoperative course. This case demonstrates not only the lateral reach of a retrocondylar far-lateral approach; but also, clearly demonstrates an effective dissection strategy when approaching a hemangioblastoma. The link to the video can be found at: https://youtu.be/M0szMOdhjfE .
Genetic Instability and the Mutator Phenotype: Studies in Ulcerative Colitis

Tumorigenesis can be viewed as a process of cellular evolution in which individual preneoplastic or tumor cells acquire mutations that increase proliferative capacity and thus confer a selective advantage. This evolutionary process permits tumor cells to escape the restrictions that limit growth of normal cells, such as the restraints imposed by the immune system or adverse metabolic conditions. The iterative process of mutations and selections underlying tumor evolution may be dependent on the ability of cells to mutate. Normal cells possess multiple mechanisms that prevent mutations from occurring at both the nucleotide sequence level and the chromosome level. These mechanisms include enzymes that repair damaged DNA and signal transduction pathways (checkpoints) that induce cell cycle arrest or apoptosis when individual stages in the cell cycle are not appropriately completed. Normal cells are thus prevented from undergoing DNA replication until DNA damage is repaired, and are prevented from undergoing mitosis until chromosomes are properly attached to the mitotic spindles. 1,2 In contrast to normal cells, cancer cells are characterized by multiple mutations and, not surprisingly, are increasingly being found to harbor mutations in genes that control genomic stability. In fact, mutations in genes that ensure the faithful transmission of genetic information from one cell generation to the next could be early, critical events in tumor formation. 3 In their paper in this issue of The American Journal of Pathology, Willenbucher et al document two forms of genetic instability, namely microsatellite instability and chromosomal aberrations, that occur during tumorigenesis associated with ulcerative colitis. 4 Importantly, these authors observed genomic instability in histologically nondysplatic tissue. Although their findings cannot prove causality, they are consistent with the view that intrinsic genomic instability is required for tumorigenesis in ulcerative colitis.
Speciation of thioarsenicals through application of coffee ring effect on gold nanofilm and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy

Abstract Thioarsenicals, such as dimethylmonothioarsinic acid (DMMTAV) and dimethyldithioarsinic acid (DMDTAV), have been increasingly discovered as important arsenic metabolites, yet analysis of these unstable arsenic species remains a challenging task. A method based on surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) detection in combination with the coffee ringeffect for separation is expected to be particularly useful for analysis of thioarsenicals, thanks to minimal sample pretreatment and unique fingerprint Raman identification. Such a method would offer an alternative approach that overcomes limitations of conventional arsenic speciation techniques based on high performance liquid chromatography separation and mass spectrometry detection. A novel analytical method based on combination of the coffee ringeffect and SERS was developed for the speciation of thiolated arsenicals. A gold nanofilm (AuNF) was employed not only as a SERS substrate, but also as a platform for the separation of thioarsenicals. Once a drop of the thioarsenicals solution was placed onto the AuNF and evaporation of the solvent and the ring stamp formation onto AuNF began, the SERS signal intensity substantially increased from center to edge regions of the evaporated droplet due to the presence of the coffee ring effect. Through calculating the pKa’s of DMMTAV and DMDTAV and accordingly manipulating the chemical environment, separation of these thioarsenicals was realized as they travelled different distances during the development of the coffee ring. The migration distances of individual species were influenced by a radial outward flow of a solute, the thioarsenicals-AuNF interactions and a thermally induced Marangoni flow. The separation of DMMTAV (center) and DMDTAV (edge) on the coffee ring, in combination with fingerprint SERS spectra, enables the identification of these thioarsenicals by this AuNF-based coffee ring effect-SERS method.
Association Between Renin-Angiotensin System Blockade Discontinuation and All-Cause Mortality Among Persons With Low Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate.

Importance It is uncertain whether and when angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE-I) and angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) treatment should be discontinued in individuals with low estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Objective To investigate the association of ACE-I or ARB therapy discontinuation after eGFR decreases to below 30 mL/min/1.73 m2with the risk of mortality, major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), and end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). Design, Setting, and Participants This retrospective, propensity score–matched cohort study included 3909 patients from an integrated health care system that served rural areas of central and northeastern Pennsylvania. Patients who initiated ACE-I or ARB therapy from January 1, 2004, to December 31, 2018, and had an eGFR decrease to below 30 mL/min/1.73 m2during therapy were enrolled, with follow-up until January 25, 2019. Exposures Individuals were classified based on whether they discontinued ACE-I or ARB therapy within 6 months after an eGFR decrease to below 30 mL/min/1.73 m2. Main Outcomes and Measures The association between ACE-I or ARB therapy discontinuation and mortality during the subsequent 5 years was assessed using multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models, adjusting for patient characteristics at the time of the eGFR decrease in a propensity score–matched sample. Secondary outcomes included MACE and ESKD. Results Of the 3909 individuals receiving ACE-I or ARB treatment who experienced an eGFR decrease to below 30 mL/min/1.73 m2(2406 [61.6%] female; mean [SD] age, 73.7 [12.6] years), 1235 discontinued ACE-I or ARB therapy within 6 months after the eGFR decrease and 2674 did not discontinue therapy. A total of 434 patients (35.1%) who discontinued ACE-I or ARB therapy and 786 (29.4%) who did not discontinue therapy died during a median follow-up of 2.9 years (interquartile range, 1.3-5.0 years). In the propensity score–matched sample of 2410 individuals, ACE-I or ARB therapy discontinuation was associated with a higher risk of mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 1.39; 95% CI, 1.20-1.60]) and MACE (HR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.20-1.56), but no statistically significant difference in the risk of ESKD was found (HR, 1.19; 95% CI, 0.86-1.65). Conclusions and Relevance The findings suggest that continuing ACE-I or ARB therapy in patients with declining kidney function may be associated with cardiovascular benefit without excessive harm of ESKD.
Synthesis of a P-Glycoprotein Inhibitor and Its High-Energy (Z)-Isomer by Carbenoid Eliminative Cross-Coupling.

To gauge the feasibility of carbenoid eliminative cross-coupling for the synthesis of polyfunctional alkenes, a P-glycoprotein inhibitor containing an (E)-configured 4-chromanylidene-type trisubsti...