cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
América hipotética, post-occidental e inconclusa en "Alocución a la Poesía" (1823) de Andrés Bello

El articulo discute la posicion retorica del Nuevo Mundo en el texto "Alocucion a la Poesia," del poeta venezolano Andres Bello. El textode Bello exploro la retorica politica y el concepto de romper con Europa. Se menciona el texto como un ofrecimiento al Nuevo Mundo para comenzar de nuevo y rearticular la estetica del ser humano. El articulo tambien analiza este concepto a traves del proyecto poetico inconcluso de Bello titulado "America. "
Nonthermal inactivation of Escherichia coli K-12 on spinach leaves, using dense phase carbon dioxide.

While the use of some chemical sanitizers is approved for inactivation of microbes on the surfaces of fruits and vegetables, these compounds often degrade product quality with limited improvement in product safety. The application of dense phase carbon dioxide (DPCD, or high-pressure CO2) is a nonthermal process for inactivation of foodborne pathogens inoculated into various juices and model solutions. In this work, DPCD was evaluated for its potential to inactivate Escherichia coli K-12 inoculated on fresh spinach leaves. Inoculated leaves were exposed for up to 40 min to DPCD at a subcritical condition (5 MPa, 40°C) and two supercritical conditions (7.5 and 10 MPa, 40°C) at a flow rate of 50 g of CO2/min. E. coli K-12 populations were reduced to nondetectable levels (~5-log reduction) using supercritical treatment conditions at exposure times as short as 10 min; efficacy of DPCD at the subcritical state was limited. This research demonstrates that DPCD has potential as a pasteurization technology for ap...
Open Access and the Practice of Academic Librarianship: Strategies and Considerations for "Front Line" Librarians

Librarians working in academic libraries are often exhorted to advance the cause of open access through their daily work with scholars and students in the institution. For experienced librarians as well as those new to the profession, there may be some confusion about how to carry out this work. There may be a lack of understanding about potential roles in a changing vision of scholarly communication that includes advocacy for openness as well as a responsibility for participation in local, national and global efforts. Librarian roles may not have changed to incorporate new models of scholarly communication. Library leaders may be using a level of rhetoric that may not resonate with the actual experience of librarians in their work in reference, instruction, collection development, or liaison work with teaching faculty. Librarians, often seeing themselves as members of a service profession seek to make available and provide services around the traditional library collections desired by institutional faculty and students. Incentives may not exist to produce the kinds of changes to collections or services that are held up as the future vision of the library. Also, whether they hold professional staff or faculty appointments, librarians endeavor to publish their own research in the established corpus of scholarly literature of library and information science (LIS). Librarians may not be invested in changing their own publishing behavior to match the messages they are asked to convey about open access to those in other disciplines. In library schools, LIS educators may not be integrating scholarly communication topics of relevance to future public services librarians into their curricula. The focus may be on digitization efforts and less on the types of services that librarians offer every day to faculty and students in reference encounters, liaison work, instruction or collection development work. After more than a decade of open access advocacy in libraries, it may be time to focus on the practical side and to move toward the promulgation of specific actions that are likely to produce real and positive result. Librarians working on the front lines will benefit from a better understanding of the type of contributions they can make. This paper is focused on the practical impact of open access on public services, collection development and other common academic librarian roles.
High-Fidelity Simulation of Flow-Induced Vibrations in Helical Steam Generators for Small Modular Reactors

Flow-induced vibration (FIV) is a widespread problem in energy systems as they rely on fluid movement for energy conversion. Vibrating structures may be damaged as fatigue or wear occur. Given the ...
Tetrahydrouridine-decitabine for non-cytotoxic epigenetic therapy of NSCLC to enhance immunotherapeutic effect of anti-PD1 in vivo.

11552Background: NSCLC response to anti-PD1 therapy is ~20%, largely because most NSCLC avoids immune-recognition in the 1stplace, e.g., by epigenetics to suppress neo-antigen expression. DNA methy...
Effects of the ECB's QE Program on the Eurozone's Economy

To fight against negative impacts from the downward inflation trend on the economy, the ECB started a QE program in January 2015: purchasing sovereign debt at €60 billion a month. The program was planned to last from March 2015 to September 2016 but has been extended to the end of 2017 (The Wall Street Journal, 2016). The policy has been aimed at pushing up the inflation rate close to 2% through providing liquidity and stimulating consumption spending and productive activities in the regional market. What have been the effects of the QE program and how long should it last?
Menacing Mold: Recent Advances in Aspergillus Pathogenesis and Host Defense

Abstract The genus Aspergillus is ubiquitous in the environment and contains a number of species, primarily A. fumigatus, that cause mold-associated disease in humans. Humans inhale several hundred to several thousand Aspergillus conidia (i.e., vegetative spores) daily and typically clear these in an asymptomatic manner. In immunocompromised individuals, Aspergillus conidia can germinate into tissue-invasive hyphae, disseminate, and cause invasive aspergillosis. In this review, we first discuss novel concepts in host defense against Aspergillus infections and emphasize new insights in fungal recognition and signaling, innate immune activation, and fungal killing. Second, the review focuses on novel concepts of Aspergillus pathogenesis and highlights emerging knowledge regarding fungal strain heterogeneity, stress responses, and metabolic adaptations on infectious outcomes. Mechanistic insight into the host–pathogen interplay is thus critical to define novel druggable fungal targets and to exploit novel immune-based strategies to improve clinical outcomes associated with aspergillosis in vulnerable patient populations.
Social Interaction and Critical Incidents: Students becoming Computer Scientists at University

The experience of a computing student at University involves a number of things: taking classes, doing assignments, interacting with other students, seeking employment, and a lot of other things that influence the student's development toward graduation. Some of these experiences, such as required courses, are shared by all the students; others, like studying abroad or doing an internship at a specific company, are more individual. In any case, the "same" experiences may affect students differently. In this talk, I will discuss results from a longitudinal study of students studying computer science at the undergraduate level. Through a series of interviews, we observed the development of students throughout their years at University, and have identified factors that influenced the students along the way. Of particular interest were students' social interaction as they learned, the sorts of critical incidents that affected them, and their shifts in identity from novice to graduate.
SURG-06. LASER INTERSTITIAL THERMAL THERAPY COMPARED TO CRANIOTOMY FOR TREATMENT OF RADIATION NECROSIS OR RECURRENT TUMOR IN BRAIN METASTASES FAILING RADIOSURGERY

Purpose Many publications report laser-interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) as a viable alternative treatment to craniotomy for radiation necrosis (RN) and re-growing tumor occurring after stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for brain metastases. No studies to-date have compared the two options. The aim of this study was to retrospectively compare outcomes after LITT versus craniotomy for regrowing lesions in patients previously treated with SRS for brain metastases.
Diffusion of Carbon Monoxide Through Unpainted and Painted Gypsum Wallboard

Experiments were conducted to measure effective diffusion coefficients of carbon monoxide through unpainted and painted gypsum wallboard samples. The results show carbon monoxide readily diffusions through gypsum wallboard while application of paint to one surface was shown to have almost no effect, a few percent decreases in the effective diffusion coefficient, to a dramatic reduction in carbon monoxide diffusion, up to 55-fold decrease in the effective diffusion coefficient for samples with two coats of one house paint. All three paints examined were flat-finish, latex-based interior house paints; clearly, the paint chemical formulation affects gas permeability and hence the effective diffusion coefficient for painted surfaces. Two full-scale experiments were conducted in a 11.0 m by 7.3 m by 3.7 m high sealed compartment fabricated with one layer of either unpainted or painted gypsum wallboard on the walls and ceiling. In each experiment, carbon monoxide was released in the compartment, and after the release, the decay of the carbon monoxide concentration was recorded. Over a five-hour period, the painted walls and ceiling experiment’s carbon monoxide concentration slightly lagged the unpainted walls and ceiling experiment’s measurements which is consistent with the effective diffusion coefficient measurements of the unpainted and painted wallboard samples. The implications for life safety assessment compel one to conservatively assume carbon monoxide diffusion through gypsum wallboard progresses at the higher rate commensurate with an unpainted surface unless specific data is gathered. In full-scale fire experiments with conventional gypsum wallboard construction effects of carbon monoxide diffusion should be considered where carbon monoxide measurements are made.
Classification of the Reynolds stress anisotropy tensor in very large thermally stratified wind farms using colormap image segmentation

A combinatorial technique merging image segmentation via K-means clustering and colormap of the barycentric triangle is used to investigate the Reynolds stress anisotropy tensor. The clustering aids in extracting the identical features from the spatial distribution of the anisotropy colormap images by minimizing the sum of squared error between the cluster center and all data points. The dataset used to investigate the applicability of the clustering technique consists of the flow in a large wind farm for different thermal stratification representatives of a characteristic diurnal cycle. Based on the attribute values defining the colormap of the Reynolds anisotropy stress tensor, the images are converted into color space and then the K-means algorithm assesses the similarities and dissimilarities via a distance metric. In unsupervised learning problems, the K-means algorithm runs independently for different numbers of clusters. The elbow criterion is used to determine the best trade-off between the cluster number and the total variance to select the optimal number of clusters. The clustering technique improves pattern visualization and allows us to identify characteristic regions of the flow based on the structure of the Reynolds stress anisotropy. The dominant patterns reveal that there are major perturbations that control the operation of the wind farm during the diurnal cycle, including the formation and growth of the convective boundary layer and the strong stratification among the flow layers during the stably-stratified period. These parameters attempt to redistribute energy into the velocity deficit region and contribute to the energy balance in the flow domain through the distributions of the momentum flux. As a result of the weak mixing and negligible buoyancy effect, the neutral wind farm displays gradual changes from a prolate turbulence state near the rotor to an oblate turbulence state at the top of the domain.
Poetry: a healing voice for the frail and elderly

The focus of this article is about a poetry healing group the author founded at a post-acute rehabilitation facility for senior citizens. The program was established a year and a half ago based on ...
Monoculture of ♀ channel (Ictalurus punctatus) × ♂ blue (I. furcatus) hybrid catfish mitigates proliferative gill disease caused by Henneguya ictaluri (Cnidaria: Myxobolidae) in catfish aquaculture ponds

Proliferative gill disease (PGD) caused by the myxozoan Henneguya ictaluri is one of the most damaging diseases affecting U.S. catfish aquaculture. In channel and hybrid catfish, continuous exposure to the actinospore stage of the parasite elicits a destructive branchitis, impairing osmoregulatory and respiratory function. Mortality can reach 100% in severe outbreaks. Despite similarities during acute stages of infection, research indicates arrested development in hybrid catfish, evinced by reduced H. ictaluri sporogenesis and comparably less parasite DNA in hybrid tissues across the developmental timeline. To assess these findings at the pond level, 18, 0.4‐ha ponds were stocked (3,000 fish/pond) with channel (n = 9) or hybrid (n = 9) catfish fingerlings and maintained as monoculture systems for three production cycles, with clean harvests and restocking as warranted. Water was collected monthly for quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) estimations of H. ictaluri DNA, and sentinel fish were utilized to estimate PGD severity. By the second year, H. ictaluri DNA in hybrid systems was significantly reduced, and PGD lesions in sentinel fish were negligible. Assessment of parasite loads in fish harvested at the termination of the study revealed H. ictaluri DNA in channel catfish to be an order of magnitude higher than hybrid catfish. These results support previous work suggesting that the production of hybrid catfish may reduce PGD incidence in U.S. catfish aquaculture.
Extracellular Vesicle Biogenesis and Functions in Gram-Positive Bacteria.

ABSTRACT Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-derived lipid bilayers secreted by bacteria and eukaryotic cells. Bacterial membrane vesicles were discovered over 60 years ago and have been extensively studied in Gram-negative bacteria. During their production, EVs are loaded with proteins, nucleic acids, and various compounds that are subsequently released into the environment. Depending on the packaged cargo, EVs have a broad spectrum of action and are involved in pathogenesis, antibiotic resistance, nutrient uptake, and nucleic acid transfer. Due to differences in cell wall structure, EVs in Gram-positive bacteria have been disregarded for decades, and our understanding of their biogenesis and host cell interaction is incomplete. Recently, studies on bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus spp., Bacillus subtilis, and Mycobacterium spp. have demonstrated EV production in Gram-positive bacteria and shown the great importance EVs have in Gram-positive bacterial physiology and disease progression. Here, we review the latest findings on the biogenesis and functions of EVs from Gram-positive bacteria and identify key areas for future research.
Unifying instrumental variable and inverse probability weighting approaches for inference of causal treatment effect and unmeasured confounding in observational studies

Confounding is a major concern when using data from observational studies to infer the causal effect of a treatment. Instrumental variables, when available, have been used to construct bound estimates on population average treatment effects when outcomes are binary and unmeasured confounding exists. With continuous outcomes, meaningful bounds are more challenging to obtain because the domain of the outcome is unrestricted. In this paper, we propose to unify the instrumental variable and inverse probability weighting methods, together with suitable assumptions in the context of an observational study, to construct meaningful bounds on causal treatment effects. The contextual assumptions are imposed in terms of the potential outcomes that are partially identified by data. The inverse probability weighting component incorporates a sensitivity parameter to encode the effect of unmeasured confounding. The instrumental variable and inverse probability weighting methods are unified using the principal stratification. By solving the resulting system of estimating equations, we are able to quantify both the causal treatment effect and the sensitivity parameter (i.e. the degree of the unmeasured confounding). We demonstrate our method by analyzing data from the HIV Epidemiology Research Study.
Executive Turnover in the Stock Option Backdating Wave: The Impact of Social Context

While boards are known to react to corporate misconduct by removing the executives responsible, little is known about whether the board’s response is shaped by the firm’s social context. Using the 2006 stock option backdating scandal, in which firms manipulated stock option grant dates, we examine the impact of two dimensions of social context—the pervasiveness of the misconduct and media attention to the misconduct. We find that firms implicated later in the stock option backdating scandal are less likely to experience executive turnover than those implicated earlier. We also find that the amount of media attention to backdating at the time a firm is implicated in the scandal increases the likelihood that the firm experiences executive turnover.
Neuroprotective Role of SRT1720 Against Hydrogen Peroxide Induced Oxidative Stress in NT2 Cells

Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) are characterized by a significant increase in neuronal loss. Oxidative stress (OS) plays a significant role on neuronal damage. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated from agents such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) leads to cell damage and reduction of cell viability. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) is a therapeutic target for neurodegenerative disorders because it regulates several cellular functions and biological processes that promote cellular longevity. This study was undertaken to examine the role of SRT1720 in protecting cells from H2O2 induced stress in Ntera-2 cl.D1(NT2), which has been proven to be a useful in vitro system for the investigation of functions related to human neuronal and glial systems. The results provide evidence that H2O2 significantly induced oxidative stress in a concentration dependent manner. Moreover, pre-treatment with low concentrations of SRT1720 for 48 hours protected against the effects of H2O2. Also, a combination of H2O2 and SRT1720 improved cell viability. Interestingly, apoptotic or necrotic cell death was not detected after H2O2 treatment in the cell culture model system employed.
Adjunctive role of 18FDG-PET imaging in the diagnosis of cardiac sarcoid

1877 Learning Objectives 1. To understand the utility of 18FDG-PET imaging as compared with other imaging modalities in the diagnosis of cardiac sarcoidosis. 2. To understand the recommended procedure for optimizing and performing 18FDG-PET for detection of cardiac sarcoidosis. Sarcoidosis is a non-infectious, non-necrotizing, idiopathic granulomatous disease affecting multiple organ systems, and occurring predominantly in the 20-50 year old age group, with female to male preponderance. In the U.S., it is prevalent in African-americans (35 per 100,000 population) versus Caucasians (10 per 100,000 population), with lifetime risk of 2.4% (African-americans) versus 0.8% (Caucasians). The lungs are the most commonly affected organs with concurrent involvement of lymphatic, gastrointestinal, dermatologic, and ocular systems. Concurrent cardiac involvement is seen in 5-10%; however, occult cardiac sarcoid has been observed in >20%. Cardiac involvement may present as asymptomatic conduction abnormalities, to sudden death from fatal arrhythmias which constitutes approximately 65-70% of deaths from cardiac sarcoid. Diagnosis of cardiac sarcoid has largely been based on clinical guidelines by the Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare (revised 2006) using criteria based on abnormal findings in ECG, endomyocardial biopsy, echocardiogram, cardiac MRI, nuclear MPI and gallium scans. Although 18FDG PET imaging has not been included in these criteria, there have been several published studies that have demonstrated the utility and value of 18FDG PET for detection of cardiac sarcoid disease. Its sensitivity of 80-100% is superior to echocardiogram, myocardial perfusion imaging and gallium imaging. It is closely comparable in sensitivity to cardiac MRI with delayed enhancement, but with added advantages of detecting coexistent extra-cardiac sarcoidosis using whole body imaging, and use in patients with implantable cardiac devices. This educational exhibit will discuss and illustrate the adjunctive role of 18FDG-PET imaging in the diagnosis of cardiac sarcoid disease.
Extracapsular extension, pathologic node status, and adjuvant treatment in primary surgery patients with human papillomavirus-mediated oropharyngeal cancer: A national hospital-based retrospective cohort analysis

BACKGROUND The significance of extracapsular extension (ECE) and adjuvant treatment paradigm in patients with surgically managed human papillomavirus-positive (HPV+) oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) is debated. METHODS National, hospital-based, retrospective cohort study of 2663 patients pN+ HPV+ OPC who underwent primary surgery. RESULTS Patients with ECE had a 1.74-times risk of death (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.26-2.40, p = 0.001) compared to patients without ECE. Among patients with pN1, ECE-positive disease, risk of overall mortality was similar across treatment paradigms (surgery alone: ref; adjuvant radiation therapy [RT]: aHR: 0.81; 95% CI: 0.36-1.85; p = 0.62; adjuvant CRT: aHR: 0.66; 95% CI: 0.34-1.32; p = 0.24). Patients with pN2 ECE-positive disease treated with adjuvant RT alone exhibited similar risk of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio: 1.04, 95% CI: 0.24-4.47, p = 0.96) compared to adjuvant chemoradiation (CRT). In patients with advanced, ECE-positive disease (e.g., pT3-T4pN2), adjuvant CRT did not reduce the risk of overall mortality relative to adjuvant RT. CONCLUSION Although pathologic ECE negatively predicts for survival in patients with HPV+ OPC, our analyses support expansion of postoperative de-intensification clinical trial eligibility criteria in patients with ECE-positive disease.
The Secrets of Crypticity and its Relationship to Medical Problems: Autoimmune Disease, Transplantation and Cancer

The cryptic self represents those poorly presented antigenic determinants that exist within the organism, against which the T cell repertoire has not been rendered tolerant. Occasional availability of certain cryptic determinants may have a detrimental consequence and cause autoimmunity. On the other hand, cryptic determinants may be able to be harnessed to perform worthwhile tasks such as raising anti-tumor responsiveness.
2. The Map to Curriculum Alignment and Improvement

Curriculum mapping is a versatile process tool that can help faculty discern whether different curriculum components align; and if not, what adjustments can be made. Through this process faculty create a graphic portrayal of the program outcomes, the courses that comprise the program, and their relationship to the program’s purpose. This article describes both the curriculum mapping process and resulting map, highlighting the versatility of this approach by sharing examples of how it has been used by several academic units.
Short spacing between the Shine-Dalgarno sequence and P codon destabilizes codon-anticodon pairing in the P site to promote +1 programmed frameshifting.

Summary Programmed frameshifting in the RF2 gene (prfB) involves an intragenic Shine–Dalgarno (SD) sequence. To investigate the role of SD–ASD pairing in the mechanism of frameshifting, we have analysed the effect of spacing between the SD sequence and P codon on P-site tRNA binding and RF2-dependent termination. When the spacing between an extended SD sequence and the P codon is decreased from 4 to 1 nucleotide (nt), the dissociation rate (koff) for P-site tRNA increases by > 100-fold. Toeprinting analysis shows that pre-translocation complexes cannot be formed when the spacer sequence is ≤ 2 nt. Instead, the tRNA added secondarily to fill the A site and its corresponding codon move spontaneously into the P site, resulting in a complex with a 3 nt longer spacer between the SD–ASD helix and the P codon. While close proximity of the SD clearly destabilizes P-site tRNA, RF2-dependent termination and EF-Tu-dependent decoding are largely unaffected in analogous complexes. These data support a model in which formation of the SD–ASD helix in ribosomes stalled at the in-frame UGA codon of prfB generates tension on the mRNA that destabilizes codon–anticodon pairing in the P site and promotes slippage of the mRNA in the 5′ direction.
Towards a Practical GOMS Model Methodology for User Interface Design

Publisher Summary This chapter presents a practical GOMS model methodology for user interface design. The basic approach to user-interface design using the cognitive complexity approach would be that the iterative design process would be followed, but with the evaluation of a proposed design being done with simulation techniques rather than actual human user testing; only a final test of the design would require actual user testing. Additional user testing would be involved to develop aspects of the design, such as screen layout, that are not directly addressed by an analysis of the procedures entailed by the design. There are several problems in using the cognitive complexity approach as a design tool that have become clear from technology transfer. The chapter presents two critical problems: (1) the difficulty of constructing production rule simulation models, and (2) the difficulty of doing, in a standardized and reliable way, the detailed task analysis required to construct the representation of the procedural knowledge that the user should have to operate the system.
Vemurafenib resistance reprograms melanoma cells towards glutamine dependence.

V600 BRAF mutations drive approximately 50% of metastatic melanoma which can be therapeutically targeted by BRAF inhibitors (BRAFi) and, based on resistance mechanisms, the combination of BRAF and MEK inhibitors (BRAFi + MEKi). Although the combination therapy has been shown to provide superior clinical benefits, acquired resistance is still prevalent and limits the overall survival benefits. Recent work has shown that oncogenic changes can lead to alterations in tumor cell metabolism rendering cells addicted to nutrients, such as the amino acid glutamine. Here, we evaluated whether melanoma cells with acquired resistance display glutamine dependence and whether glutamine metabolism can be a potential molecular target to treat resistant cells. Isogenic BRAFi sensitive parental V600 BRAF mutant melanoma cell lines and resistant (derived by chronic treatment with vemurafenib) sub-lines were used to assess differences in the glutamine uptake and sensitivity to glutamine deprivation. To evaluate a broader range of resistance mechanisms, isogenic pairs where the sub-lines were resistant to BRAFi + MEKi were also studied. Since resistant cells demonstrated increased sensitivity to glutamine deficiency, we used glutaminase inhibitors BPTES [bis-2-(5 phenylacetamido-1, 2, 4-thiadiazol-2-yl) ethyl sulfide] and L–L-DON (6-Diazo-5-oxo-l-norleucine) to treat MAPK pathway inhibitor (MAPKi) resistant cell populations both in vitro and in vivo. We demonstrated that MAPKi-acquired resistant cells uptook greater amounts of glutamine and have increased sensitivity to glutamine deprivation than their MAPKi-sensitive counterparts. In addition, it was found that both BPTES and L-DON were more effective at decreasing cell survival of MAPKi-resistant sub-lines than parental cell populations in vitro. We also showed that mutant NRAS was critical for glutamine addiction in mutant NRAS driven resistance. When tested in vivo, we found that xenografts derived from resistant cells were more sensitive to BPTES or L-DON treatment than those derived from parental cells. Our study is a proof-of-concept for the potential of targeting glutamine metabolism as an alternative strategy to suppress acquired MAPKi-resistance in melanoma.
Field emission of clean and oxidized Mo microtips

In this paper, measurements of field emission taken on a molybdenum microtip under ultrahigh vacuum conditions and as a function of oxygen exposure were reported. Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) was used to examine the clean and oxygen saturated surface of the Mo surface and the peak-to-peak ratio of O (KLL) to Mo (LMM) as a function of oxygen exposure.
CHASM (CHAIN ALIGNMENT ON THE SURFACE OF MATERIALS) : AN ALGORITHM FOR PREDICTING POLYMER AND POLYPEPTIDE CONFORMATIONS AT INTERFACES

Herein, we describe a lattice-matching algorithm, adopted from the unimodular matrix coincident-site lattice approach, that can be used for determining the low-energy orientation(s) for a macromolecular chain (polymer, polypeptide) that adsorbs directly onto a well-defined periodic surface, such as an exposed inorganic crystal surface or an oriented organic film. The program, CHASM (for chain alignment on the surface of materials), utilizes transformation (S), rotation (R), and deformation (D) matrix operations to generate angular-dependent lattice overlap patterns for the two components. From the coincidence pattern generated from lattice overlap at a given angle of rotation, CHASM determines either the periodicity (N‘) or a dislocation energy parameter (P), both of which are measurements of the stability of a given interface. In this report, we benchmark the CHASM algorithm against STM and X-ray diffraction data obtained for oriented polyethers, polyamides, poly(caprolactone), and lysozyme adsorbed onto...
Calcium and phosphorus in the blood and skeleton of the Elasmobranchii.

Elasmobranchii, males as well as females, young and old, normally possessed high concentrations of calcium, 9.0 ± 3.8 meq./L in the serum. The level of calcium in the serum was independent of variations in the blood PCO2, total CO2, HC03−, pH, total ionic strength, individual major electrolytes, total phosphate, inorganic phosphate, phospholipid, citric acid, urea, or alkaline phosphatasc activity. The protein in the blood was relatively low in concentration, 4.8 ± 1.8 meq./L, had the chemical, electrophoretic, and ultracentrifugal properties of globulin, and showed the capacity to bind 4 mM of calcium per 100 gm. Approximately 75% of the calcium (7.5 ± 1 meq./L) was ultrafilterablc; approximately 85% (6.2 ± 1.5 meq./L) of the calcium in the ultrafiltrate was physiologically active calcium ion as measured by perfusion of the heart of the shark; approximately 93% (7.0 ± 1.5 meq./L) was ionized as measured by the murexide method. The level of inorganic phosphorus was approximately 2.0 ± 0.8 meq./L; only 80%...
Dogbites in children.

The incidence of dogbite injuries in children has risen steadily in the United States in the past several years. Plastic surgical nurses should familiarize themselves, with the initial care, surgical repair, complications of dog bites, emotional care, and discharge instructions so that children can be provided optimal care. Language: en
Chronic treatment of old rats with donepezil or galantamine: effects on memory, hippocampal plasticity and nicotinic receptors

The function of the cholinergic system is known to change during normal aging and in pathological conditions such as Alzheimer's disease. The present study was designed to assess, within the same group of old animals, the behavioral, electrophysiological and neurochemical effects of chronic treatment with agents that increase the function of the cholinergic system through both muscarinic and nicotinic mechanisms. Doses were determined that produced 60% cholinesterase inhibition by donepezil and galantamine for the old rats. This was chosen to be analogous to therapeutic levels achieved for treatment of human Alzheimer's disease patients with these agents. Because of the well-known age-related changes in spatial memory and hippocampal synaptic plasticity, spatial working memory in the radial eight-arm maze and hippocampal long-term potentiation induction and decay, as well as nicotinic receptor density and affinity, were measured in old rats implanted with minipumps that delivered donepezil, galantamine or saline. There was no effect of drug treatment on baseline synaptic transmission or on the threshold or magnitude of long-term potentiation induction. Both drug treatment groups, however, showed significantly extended long-term potentiation decay times at the perforant path-granule cell synapse over the saline control animals, as measured during the week following induction. Both drugs also elevated the number of nicotinic receptors within the hippocampus and neocortex. This is the first demonstration of cholinergic modulation of synaptic plasticity over the time-course of days. Furthermore, the durability of long-term potentiation was significantly, positively correlated with nicotinic receptor binding in the hippocampus. Chronic treatment with donepezil or galantamine had no significant effect on a well-learned spatial working memory task on the radial maze. These data suggest that the therapeutic doses of cholinesterase inhibitors used to treat patients with Alzheimer's disease may have effects on neurophysiology and neurochemistry that are close to the threshold for producing detectable behavioral improvements.
Interaction, information and meaning

The possibility of a “unified theory of information” which avoids reifying information or attributing agency to it is explored using the patterned processes characteristic of self‐organization. Interactions are shown to create information from the level of quantum physics to human societies. The difference between meaningless and meaningful information is explained through the contextualizing role of systems.
InSb Charge-Injection Device Array Performance

Low temperature tests of the G. E. 32x1 and 32x32 InSb CID arrays were carried out to evaluate their potential for use in infrared astronomical instruments. The tests revealed that the arrays could be operated atl20°X. with dark currents low enough that integration times of up to 1 hour would be possible. Responsivities up to 1.8 AN for the linear array and 0.4 AN for the area array. at 3.6 microns were observed dropping to 0.9 AN and 1.2 AN respectively at 4.7 microns. The linear array exhibited a troublesome response lag at low flux levels which, limits its usefulness and the area array usefulness will be limited by its higher noise level.
Black Political Power Reassessed: Race, Politics, and Federal Funds

An increase in the number of black elected officials and community need did not result in more resources for the black community. Instead, there was a decrease in Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) funds allocated to the black community in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. African-American council members did not vote as a racial bloc and they supported using CDBG funds to pay for city services instead of neighborhood projects. The biracial political coalition that Blacks counted on to help them was often time divided. The city bureaucracy that controlled CDBG funding used practices that often worked to the disadvantage of black community.
Further reactions to rogers and ledent’s comment

Despite the apparent discrepancy, the scalar increment-decrement model of Schoen (1975), described by equations (3) and (4), is consistent with the Rogers-Ledent matrix formulation shown in equation (I). Either approach may be preferable in certain specific instances. In general, however, the greater power of the matrix formulation and its more explicit recognition of both age and region give it substantial advantages over the scalar model.
Matching Bunched Beams to Alternating Gradient Focusing Systems

A numerical procedure for generating phase-space distributions matched to alternating gradient focusing systems has been tested. For a smooth-focusing system a matched distribution can be calculated. With a particle tracing simulation code such a distribution can be followed while adiabatically deforming the focusing forces until an alternating gradient configuration is reached. The distribution remains matched; the final distribution is periodic with the structure period. External nonlinearities, including nonlinear couplings, were included in our examples but space charge was not. This procedure is expected to work with space charge but will require a 3-D space-charge calculation in the simulation code.
Experimental evidence on the performance of emission trading schemes in the presence of an active secondary market

As auction based emission trading schemes (ETS) become more common in addressing climate change, it is of interest to study the effects of bargaining power in resale markets on original as well as post-resale allowance allocations in terms of prices and efficiency. This article provides an experimental study of first price private value asymmetric auctions followed by a -double auction resale market opportunity. We compare the -double auction to other resale regimes with an uneven distribution of market power and contrast initial bids, resale prices and efficiency. Despite the conventional wisdom that full efficiency requires the absence of market power, we find that -double auction resale markets lead to lower efficiency than the monopsony resale regime. The level of efficiency achieved, however, is close to the highest across mechanisms that have differential bargaining power at the resale stage.
Electron microscopic demonstration of caudal afferents to the rat interpeduncular nucleus

Abstract Analysis of the synaptology of the rat interpeduncular nucleus is of interest, amongst other reasons, because of morphological and biochemical evidence for synaptic sprouting following lesions of the habenular nucleus. Thus far only the synapses arising from the habenulointerpeduncular afferent axons have been identified by electron microscopy. The afferents from the midbrain tegmentum, which form a tegmentopeduncular tract, have been studied by the electron microscopic degeneration method in adult rats. Electrolytic lesions were placed stereotaxically so as to destroy the tegmentopeduncular tract, as well as various portions of the dorsal or ventral tegmental nuclei. The degeneration of endings in the interpeduncular nucleus was the same in each case. This consisted of (1) occasional neurofilamentous type degeneration of axons forming axodendritic synapses at 3 days' survival; (2) dense type degeneration of axons in contact with either small (0.4–0.8μm) or large (1.4–2.0μm) dendrites, with synaptic contacts which were symmetrical to moderately asymmetrical; (3) occasional axosomatic synapses also showing dense type degeneration. The projection was apparently greatest in the caudal portion of the interpeduncular nucleus. Equally important were observations of structures which were unaffected by the lesions. These included the S and crest synapses, some somatic synapses, and apparently normal numbers of synapses containing flattened vesicles. The present observations demonstrate the afferents from the tegmentum caudal to the interpeduncular nucleus at the fine structural level. A small number of those synapses previously classified as S or somatic synapses, and possibly as F synapses are of this origin. These afferents may be those which undergo sprouting caused by habenular lesions, with resulting formation of heterologous crest synapses, increase in number of somatic synapses, or both.
Heparin in experimental myocardial infarction.

Heparinization, started one hour following coronary ligation, was maintained for twenty-four hours. One week after recovery the hearts were perfused in vivo with india ink. After clearing, the proportion of ventricular mass infarcted was determined. No appreciable difference from the control series was found.
Improving Prostate Brachytherapy Quality Assurance with MRI-based Sector Analysis in a Phase II Prospective Trial

Purpose/Objectives: Sector analysis is a clinical tool that can be used in the post-implant quality assurance process for prostate brachytherapy by calculating the dose delivered to different sectors within the prostate. Each sector can be correlated to biopsy results for individual patients. However, sector analysis has not been translated to clinical practice, in part due to poor anatomic visualization of the prostate base and apex on post-implant CT scans. The purpose of this study is to evaluate MRI-based sector analysis as a method to improve the post-implant quality assurance process of brachytherapy.
Zwitterion l-cysteine adsorbed on the Au20 cluster: enhancement of infrared active normal modes

The study reported herein addressed the structure, adsorption energy and normal modes of zwitterion l-cysteine (Z-cys) adsorbed on the Au20 cluster by using density functional theory (DFT). It was found that four Z-cys are bound to the Au20 apexes preferentially through S atoms. Regarding normal modes, after adsorption of four Z-cys molecules, a more intense infrared (IR) peak is maintained around 1,631.4 cm−1 corresponding with a C=O stretching mode, but its intensity is enhanced approximately six times. The enhancement in the intensity of modes between 0 to 300 cm−1 is around 4.5 to 5.0 times for normal modes that involve O–C=O and C-S bending modes. Other two normal modes in the range from 300 to 3,500 cm−1 show enhancements of 6.0 and 7.4 times. In general, four peaks show major intensities and they are related with normal modes of carboxyl and NH3 groups of Z-cys.
THE RESULTS OF THE SERUM TREATMENT IN THIRTEEN HUNDRED CASES OF EPIDEMIC MENINGITIS

The data brought together in this report have been gathered from a wide territory and for a period extending over several years. The antimeningitis serum was first employed in 1906 and the latest figures relating to its use included in this report were furnished in 1912. There is no longer doubt that the serum has come to be applied under conditions fairly representing all known manifestations of epidemic meningitis. Hence the test of the serum treatment may be regarded as having been a rigorous one. The initial difficulties surrounding the administration by direct subdural injection have been largely overcome and doubtless will be still further mastered. Already the serum is being successfully applied in private as well as in hospital practice. This gain will probably be reflected in a still further diminution of the mortality since early injection plays such a large part in determining the results achieved. The 1,300 cases studied in this report are a part only of a far greater number of cases actually treated with the serum supplied by the Rockefeller Institute. It was not found possible to secure histories of all the cases treated; but there is no reason to suppose that the results of the analysis would have been essentially different if reports of a still larger number of cases had been returned. The decision arrived at is not based upon statistical computations alone, but upon objective data as well that are not readily misinterpreted. The conclusion that follows was first stated in 1909 as the result of an analysis of 400 serum-treated cases. It is supported by the study of the larger series of cases just presented. "In view of the various considerations presented, the conclusion may be drawn that the antimeningitis serum, when used by the subdural method of injection, in suitable doses and at proper intervals, is capable of reducing the period of illness; of preventing, in large measure, the chronic lesions and types of the infection; of bringing about complete restoration of health, in all but a very small number of the recovered, thus lessening the serious, deforming, and permanent consequences of meningitis; and of greatly diminishing the fatalities due to the disease."
Assessing Scholarly Productivity

The measurement of scholarly productivity is embroiled in a controversy concerning the differential crediting of coauthors. Some researchers assign equivalent shares to each coauthor; others employ weighting systems based on authorship order. Horan and his colleagues use simple publication totals, arguing that the psychometric properties of labor-intensive alternatives are unknown, and relevant ethical guidelines for including coauthors are neither widely understood nor consistently followed. The PsycLIT and SSCI data bases provided exhaustive publication and citation frequencies for 323 counseling psychology faculty. All PsycLIT scoring permutations yielded essentially identical information; inter-correlations ranged from .96 to unity. Moreover, all PsycLIT methods correlated highly with SSCI within a very narrow band. Since attention to the number and/or ordinal position of coauthors yields no useful information, productivity should be defined parsimoniously in terms of simple publication counts. Implications for research, promotion/tenure, and the mentoring of graduate students are discussed.
Anglican Clergymen and the Tithe Question in the Early Nineteenth Century

Histoire de la dime jusqu'a son amenagement en 1836, en Grande-Bretagne| l'attitude du clerge influent, en general favorable a la dime| l'action du Rev. Richard Jones dans l'amenagement. Effets economiques de la dime.
Apoptosis in fetal nucleated erythrocytes circulating in maternal blood.

The purpose of this study was to determine if apoptosis occurs in fetal cells that have crossed into the maternal circulation, which would potentially explain the difference between the number of intact fetal cells and the amount of fetal DNA detectable in maternal plasma. We flow-sorted fetal nucleated erythrocytes (FNRBCs) using antibody to the gamma chain of fetal haemoglobin and confirmed them to be fetal in origin by FISH analysis using chromosome-specific probes. Fetal cells were then analysed microscopically for the presence of terminal UdTP nuclear end labelling (TUNEL) staining. Apoptotic change was observed in 42.7% of fetal NRBCs (106/246) and 3.5% of maternal cells (29/818). Results of this study indicate that a significant number of fetal cells in maternal blood are undergoing apoptosis at the time of sampling. Apoptosis may be one mechanism by which fetal cells are cleared by the maternal circulation.
Should Marxists care about alienation

We have found that a sparse version of the claim that alienated labor is a bad thing can inform a political morality without turning that morality into one which makes more comment on people's ends than the liberal can accept. We have also seen that a modification of the ideas of alienation from our species being can play a limited role in a liberal political morality, but that the rational kernel of the critique from species alienation is already a familiar part of the liberal tradition. However, the substantive view of the good life - as one which essentially involves engagement in communal ties and satisfying labor - cannot play the role which certainly many Marxists would like it to play in their critique of capitalism, at least if their critique is to be recognizably liberal.