cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ifosfamide, Carboplatin, and Etoposide: A Highly Effective Cytoreduction and Peripheral-Blood Progenitor-Cell Mobilization Regimen for Transplant-Eligible Patients With Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma

PURPOSE: To evaluate a chemotherapy regimen that consisted of ifosfamide administered as an infusion with bolus carboplatin, and etoposide (ICE) supported by granuloctye colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) for cytoreduction and stem-cell mobilization in transplant-eligible patients with primary refractory or relapsed non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). PATIENTS AND METHODS: One hundred sixty-three transplant-eligible patients with relapsed or primary refractory NHL were treated from October 1993 to December 1997 with ICE chemotherapy at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. Administration of three cycles of ICE chemotherapy was planned at 2-week intervals. Peripheral-blood progenitor cells were collected after cycle 3, and all patients who achieved a partial response (PR) or complete response (CR) to ICE chemotherapy were eligible to proceed to transplantation. Event-free and overall survival, ICE-related toxicity, and the number of CD34+ cells collected after treatment with ICE and G-CSF were evaluated. RESULT...
Suppressors of superoxide production from mitochondrial complex III

Mitochondrial electron transport drives ATP synthesis but also generates reactive oxygen species, which are both cellular signals and damaging oxidants. Superoxide production by respiratory complex III is implicated in diverse signaling events and pathologies, but its role remains controversial. Using high-throughput screening, we identified compounds that selectively eliminate superoxide production by complex III without altering oxidative phosphorylation; they modulate retrograde signaling including cellular responses to hypoxic and oxidative stress.
Military Firearms in Ferguson and Beyond: Arms Transfers to Civilian Law Enforcement Under the '1033 Program'

JURIST Guest Columnist Kevin Govern of Ave Maria School of Law in Naples, Florida, discusses the Department of Defense Excess Property Program — commonly known as the '1033 Program' — under scrutiny for the recent events in Ferguson, Missouri and concludes that this will result in stricter delineations concerning military cooperation than ever before.
The Death of the Regulatory Compact: Adjusting Prices and Expectations in the Law of Regulated Industries

Telecommunications regulation should be viewed as an attempt to solve the problem of financing large-scale public infrastructure over a sufficiently long period of time to pose significant and perhaps prohibitive amounts of risk. Investors are reluctant to commit capital to infrastructure if they cannot be assured of a reasonable return on their investment. Pricing rules in telecommunications are designed to protect incentives to invest in high-cost networks. Pricing disputes in the American telecommunications industry have raised serious questions over the extent to which public rules are governed by the United States Constitution's promise that private property shall not be taken for public use, without just compensation. These disputes are especially intense when they involve the price at which incumbent network owners must sell unbundled network elements to competitors seeking interconnection. This paper argues that attempts to enforce a pricing rule based on a utility's historic record of prudent investment lacks any plausible basis in American constitutional law. The misguided attempt to seek a constitutional solution to the problem of network pricing arises from a fundamental misunderstanding of the so-called regulatory compact. Rather, the problem of network pricing in highly complex and technologically volatile infrastructural industries such as telecommunications and electricity demands sophisticated legal tools such as price-level regulation, transitional pricing rules such as avoided-cost pricing and the long-run incremental cost rule for pricing unbundled access to incumbent networks, reverse auctions to fulfill universal service obligations, and tailored stranded cost recovery provisions. Reliance on a metaphorical regulatory compact has inflicted serious harm to the law of regulated industries. Accordingly, this obsolete metaphor should be discarded.
Importance of ultrasonication conditions in recovery of microbial contamination from material surfaces

The conditions of ultrasonication to recover micro-organisms from material surfaces are not standardized and often not validated. This leads to discrepancies in experimental results which can affect the sterilization dose setting, cycle development and process validation, and can have an impact on sterilization processing economics and product sterile quality. The sample loading pattern, species of micro-organism, materials and configurations of sample containers were examined under defined conditions. All of these were found to be important factors contributing to the efficiency of microbial recovery from material surfaces by ultrasonication. Validation of sonication conditions in routine laboratory operations is therefore important for an accurate estimate of the surface contamination to assure the medical device processing and the product sterile quality.
Damping of bromine-intercalated P-100 graphite fibers

Abstract A resonant flexural free decay test method was used to measure the damping of single pristine and bromine-intercalated P-100 graphite fibers in high vacuum, at temperatures from 77 K to 675 K, and at frequencies from 50 to 2000 hz. The damping capacity of the intercalated fibers was found to be significantly greater than that of the pristine fibers. For frequencies from 80 hz to 1300 hz, the pristine fibers exhibited two small peaks in damping capacity (~0.2%) in the vicinity of 145 K and 230 K, while the intercalated fibers exhibited one large peak (~3%) near 230 K. The activation energy of the mechanism underlying the 230 K damping peak in the intercalated fibers is 0.44 eV, suggesting an atomic process. The peak is unsymmetrical in (1/T) and, at half the peak damping, is four to five times wider than that of a standard anelastic solid, indicating a broad distribution of relaxation times. The specific physical mechanisms underlying the observed damping in both the pristine and intercalated fibers remain to be determined.
Characterization of alumina-supported Pt and Pt―Pd NO oxidation catalysts with advanced electron microscopy

Abstract Alumina-supported Pt and Pt–Pd catalysts for NO oxidation were fabricated from two different precursors, acetylacetonate and nitrate. A variety of electron microscopy techniques, notably aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy, were used to investigate both sets of catalysts in the fresh state (air calcined at 300 °C, then reduced in 1% H 2 at 300 or 500 °C) and after oxygen-rich hydrothermal aging at 500 °C and 900 °C. Aberration-corrected microscopy and spectroscopic analysis revealed a significant difference in particle size and composition between the two fresh bimetallic catalysts, with the catalyst made from nitrate precursors containing relatively large (3–10 nm) Pd-rich particles in addition to smaller (1–2 nm) Pt-rich particles that were typical of the acetylacetonate precursors. Regardless of initial state, however, bimetallic particles underwent similar degrees of growth and homogenization (alloying) with aging. In particular, particle growth in the bimetallic catalysts from both precursors was limited relative to that in the pure Pt catalysts, where anomalously large (∼500 nm) particles formed at 900 °C, and the bimetallic catalysts from both precursors thus showed similar improvements in thermal stability, with little effect on measured NO reaction rates.
Hydrogen sensors based on aligned carbon nanotubes in an anodic aluminum oxide template with palladium as a top electrode

Abstract Robust carbon nanotube (CNT)-based hydrogen sensors were fabricated from aligned CNTs grown in an anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) template. Without Pd modification, an Au-electrode CNT sensor shows no response to hydrogen gas. On the other hand, a Pd-electrode CNT sensor is sensitive to medium concentration hydrogen gas (from 0.1% to 1.5% H 2 ) at room temperature. The aligned CNTs in the AAO template are also a good support for the nanoporous Pd film sensor, which is sensitive to hydrogen gas at concentrations ranging from 100 ppm to 1.5% H 2 .
Utilization of community‐based services among homeless persons: An application of a theoretical model

Data from a longitudinal study of 379 homeless adults were analyzed to document the pattern of use of community-based social services and to identify the correlates of service use. The analytical framework employed was the Andersen model, adapted to take into consideration the life circumstances of homeless people in a demographically diverse setting. The relevance of predisposing, enabling, and need factors in predicting service use and type of assistance received was examined using multinomial logistic regression models. The study found that a significant portion of the homeless sample did not use social services and that among service users, most reported receipt of concrete services only. Our analyses suggest that there is a need for service providers to target their programs and interventions to the underserved and hard-to-reach segments of the adult homeless population including males, non-Whites, street users, episodically homeless people, and individuals experiencing alcohol problems. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Validation of Welding Residual Stress Model Using Results From a Pressurizer Surge Nozzle Mockup

Although numerical welding simulation is now commonly used in the nuclear industry to predict residual stresses in reactor vessels and associated piping components, there are currently no universally accepted guidelines for performing such analysis. Moreover, due to the complexity of the calculations and varying analytical procedures among analysts, there remains a need to validate predictions of residual stress against benchmark studies. As part of an industry initiative to manage the degradation of dissimilar metal welds in pressurized water reactor piping that are susceptible to primary water stress corrosion cracking, the U.S Nuclear Regulatory Commission embarked on a multi-phased program to validate welding residual stress models. The aim of Phase II of this program is to obtain measured residual stresses from a pressurizer surge nozzle dissimilar metal weld mockup for use in comparisons with numerically predicted stresses. This paper presents results of finite element analysis for various stages during the fabrication of a 14–inch pressurizer surge nozzle mockup, including an Alloy 82 dissimilar metal weld between a stainless steel safe end and carbon steel nozzle, an inside surface weld repair (back weld) and fill-in weld (weld build-up), and a stainless steel “field” weld attaching a section of straight pipe to the safe end. The NRC validation program was structured to allow participants to first calculate results using their own material properties, and then tune their welding simulations to thermocouple data. This was followed by reanalysis using NRC-supplied material properties. The program was conducted as a round robin analysis among an international group of participants and formatted as a blind validation project wherein results were submitted to the NRC prior to receipt of thermocouple and material property data. Results were obtained for both kinematic and isotropic hardening rules to study the effect of these two extreme measures of material characterization on the development of residual stress. Predicted stresses are then compared to measured stress data obtained by the deep-hole drilling technique at multiple locations through the thickness of the weld. The NRC residual stress model validation project serves as a valuable contribution to the understanding of how residual stresses are developed in dissimilar metal welds. The correlation of calculated residual stresses with measured data from a relevant mockup also serves to increase confidence in predicting crack growth in these primary pressure boundary welds by removing much of the uncertainty previously associated with residual stress input to crack growth analysis.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Long-lasting alterations of postural asymmetry induced by cerebellar lesion and stimulation in rats

Cerebellar induced spinal fixation was studied in two experiments. In Experiment 1, cerebellar lesions were used to initiate post-spinal-section retention of a postural asymmetry. Bilateral dorsal root rhizotomy performed 45 min after cerebellar lesion failed to disrupt the fixated asymmetry, thus suggesting that muscle feedback to the spinal cord was not necessary for maintenance of the fixation effect. Experiment 2 demonstrated spinal fixation with 50 min of cerebellar stimulation. Effective stimulation sites included anterior cerebellar vermian cortex and the fastigial nucleus.
A warning for ecologists and conservation biologists using species checklists: How the European marine fauna ‘lost’ all of its 16 Discodoris species (Mollusca: Gastropoda)

The European marine fauna used to be considered to include 16 species of Discodoris sea slugs until a recent worldwide revision demonstrated that there is not a single Discodoris species in European waters. This exemplary case illustrates the fact that species checklists do not accurately represent biodiversity unless they are based on sound taxonomic work in which (1) the status of every available species name has been addressed, i.e. whether it is valid, synonymous, or of doubtful application, and (2) classification reflects phylogenetic relationships. It is argued that taxonomic revisions are critically needed, because the status of species names can only be addressed properly through revisions. It is discussed that fields which depend on taxonomic data, such as conservation biology and ecology, might be affected deeply if problematic species names (synonyms and nomina dubia) have not been recognized. Consequently, it is proposed that a taxon that has not been revised be red-flagged in checklists, so that non-taxonomists will know which species names should be applied with caution or not at all.
Ovarian bone morphogenetic proteins in female reproduction

Abstract Although bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) have been well-known regulators in ectopic formation of bone and cartilage, as well as in early embryonic development, nothing was known about the role of the BMP system in regulating ovarian function until recently. We demonstrated for the first time that the BMP system exists in the mammalian ovary and plays key roles in regulating important granulosa cell (GC) functions. Specifically, all BMPs we examined, including BMP-4, -6, -7, and -15, inhibit follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)-dependent progesterone synthesis by primary cultures of rat granulosa cells. Thus, our observations provided experimental support for the hypothesis that BMPs may be a physiologically relevant luteinization inhibitor in growing ovarian follicles. BMP-7 and -15, but not BMP-6, are mitogens for granulosa cells. BMP-6 and BMP-15 are potent inhibitors of FSH action, by suppressing adenylate cyclase activity and FSH receptor expression, respectively. BMP-15 stimulates kit ligand (KL) expression, whereas kit ligand inhibits BMP-15 expression, thus forming a novel oocyte-somatic cell negative feedback loop. The physiological importance of the BMP system for normal mammalian reproduction has been established by the elucidation of the aberrant reproductive phenotypes of animals having mutated genes encoding BMP family members. Here we provide the recent advances in our understanding of the functions of BMPs in the ovary.
Caching and database scaling in distributed shared-nothing information retrieval systems

A common class of existing information retrieval system provides access to abstracts. For example Stanford University, through its FOLIO system, provides access to the INSPECT database of abstracts of the literature on physics, computer science, electrical engineering, etc. In this paper this database is studied by using a trace-driven simulation. We focus on physical index design, inverted index caching, and database scaling in a distributed shared-nothing system. All three issues are shown to have a strong effect on response time and throughput. Database scaling is explored in two ways. One way assumes an “optimal” configuration for a single host and then linearly scales the database by duplicating the host architecture as needed. The second way determines the optimal number of hosts given a fixed database size.
Transient discharges from marine hydrocarbon seeps: spatial and temporal variability

Marine hydrocarbon gas emissions at an intense, 20-m-deep seep in the Santa Barbara Channel, California were studied with a network of three turbine seep-tents and repeated seabed mapping. The tents observed two gas ejection events that are interpreted as due to blockage of constrictions in fractures and subsequent blow-through. Seabed mapping suggests that very large transient emission events occur, are related to tar, and are temporally and spatially variable. Transient emissions have the potential to more efficiently transport methane to the atmosphere than steady-state emissions. We present an electrical model analog of subsurface seepage useful for seepage flux interpretation. The model predicts that variations in resistance at one vent shifts some of its flux to other connected vents, and that the shift is not zero-sum, i.e., a resistance change at one vent causes a flow change for the overall fracture system.
Multiaxis seam tracking using a noncontact capacitive sensor

This paper describes the development and use of the Multi-Axis Seam Tracking (MAST) sensor for tracking seams or other features in real-time. Four independent, spatially- distributed electric fields are used to sense changes in the relative position of the sensor and the workpiece. The MAST sensor is very inexpensive compared with commercially available seam tracking sensors. It can be used in system to perform cost-effective small-lot manufacturing operations in a faster, more consistent manner. The MAST sensor is used in an automated system for dispensing braze paste during a rocket nozzle fabrication process.
Using transfer functions to quantify El Niño Southern Oscillation dynamics in data and models

Transfer function tools commonly used in engineering control analysis can be used to better understand the dynamics of El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO), compare data with models and identify systematic model errors. The transfer function describes the frequency-dependent input–output relationship between any pair of causally related variables, and can be estimated from time series. This can be used first to assess whether the underlying relationship is or is not frequency dependent, and if so, to diagnose the underlying differential equations that relate the variables, and hence describe the dynamics of individual subsystem processes relevant to ENSO. Estimating process parameters allows the identification of compensating model errors that may lead to a seemingly realistic simulation in spite of incorrect model physics. This tool is applied here to the TAO array ocean data, the GFDL-CM2.1 and CCSM4 general circulation models, and to the Cane–Zebiak ENSO model. The delayed oscillator description is used to motivate a few relevant processes involved in the dynamics, although any other ENSO mechanism could be used instead. We identify several differences in the processes between the models and data that may be useful for model improvement. The transfer function methodology is also useful in understanding the dynamics and evaluating models of other climate processes.
Intrahelical hydrogen bonding of serine, threonine and cysteine residues within α-helices and its relevance to membrane-bound proteins

A survey of known protein structures reveals that approximately 70% of serine residues and at least 85% (potentially 100%) of threonine residues in helices make hydrogen bonds to carbonyl oxygen atoms in the preceding turn of the helix. The high frequency of intrahelical hydrogen bonding is of particular significance for intrinsic membrane-bound proteins that form transmembrane helices. Hydrogen bonding within a helix provides a way for serine, threonine and cysteine residues to satisfy their hydrogen-bonding potential permitting such residues to occur in helices buried within a hydrophobic milieu.
Exploration in American Archaeology: Essays in Honor of Wesley R. Hurt. edited by Mark G. Plew, University Press of America, Lanham, 1999

This volume contains a short 6 page history of the contributions ofWesley Robert Hurt, Jr., to Americanist archaeology,along with a 4 page 'selected' list of his publications. The review starts with his career in the Southwest, traces the shift in his research to the Plains, and especially South Dakota, and then turns to his later change of interest to South America (especially Colombia, Brazil and Uru­guay). Hurt was born September 20, 1 9 1 7 in New Mexico, and got into archaeology through his cousin, Reginald Fisher, who was working for Dr. Edgar L. Heweu. Hurt started out taking Heweu's Chaco Canyon Field School, and began working on the Jemez Archaeological project as a high school student in the 1930s. After graduating from the University of New Mexico in 1938, he worked from 1938 to 1940 as a WPAArchaeology Project supervisor on Southwest projects, and in 1941 served as the Na­tional Park Service archaeologist at Canyon de Chelly National Monument.
Furosemide-induced food avoidance: Evidence for a conditioned response

Abstract Furosemide (Furo) is a potent natriuretic drug that is often used experimentally to investigate the brain mechanisms underlying salt appetite. Within this experimental paradigm, however, Furo also has anorectic activity that has received only modest attention. In Experiment 1 we varied two things—administering a 10-mg dose of Furo in a single or a divided dose and preinjection exposure to a Na-free diet. In the 24 h after Furo, all four groups of rats reduced ingestion of Na-free diet. Both the division of the Furo dose and the preexposure to Na-free diet reduced the amount of food consumed even more than a single dose or continuous access to normal chow did. The fact that preexposure to Na-free diet increased the post-Furo anorexia implied an associative component to the phenomenon. Experiments 2 and 3 investigated the ability of Furo (2 and 10 mg) to serve as an unconditioned stimulus in taste aversion learning using 0.2 M sucrose as the conditioned stimulus. A saline (Sal) injection group served as control in both experiments. The results show that animals avoided sucrose when its ingestion was immediately followed by 10 mg Furo but not with 2 mg Furo or Sal. An aversion to sucrose did not develop when 10 mg Furo was administered the day prior to sucrose access. Thus, the suppressive effects of high-dose Furo on food intake might be due to a conditioned response.
Asymptotic analysis for closed multiclass queueing networks in critical usage

We consider a class of closed multiclass queueing networks containing First-Come-First-Serve (FCFS) and Infinite Server (IS) stations. These networks have a productform solution for their equilibrium probabilities. We study these networks in an asymptotic regime for which the number of customers and the service rates at the FCFS stations go to infinity with the same order. We assume that the regime is in critical usage, whereby the utilizations of the FCFS servers slowly approach one. The asymptotic distribution of the normalized queue lengths is shown to be in many cases a truncated multivariate normal distribution. Traffic conditions for which the normalized queue lengths arealmost asymptotically independent are determined. Asymptotic expansions of utilizations and expected queue lengths are presented. We show through an example how to obtain asymptotic expansions of performance measures when the networks are in mixed usage and how to apply the results to networks with finite data.
Shear coagulation in the presence of repulsive interparticle forces

Abstract This investigation sought to study the repulsive forces within a colloidal dispersion by monitoring the progress of a shear-induced coagulation. Two monodisperse polystyrene latices were used whose only difference was the presence of chemically bound ionizable surface groups on one. Both latices were tested in the absence and presence of a variety of sodium alkyl sulfate and octaphenol ethoxylate surfactants. The latices exhibited excellent resistance to Brownian coagulation for as long as 4 years. When exposed to shearing at rates of the order of 20,000 s−1 substantial coagulation occurred in 30 min or less. The particles possessing the chemically attached ionizable groups exhibited higher stability at all shear rates, even in the presence of large amounts of either anionic or nonionic surfactants. The addition of surfactant destabilized either latex especially if (a) the particles were originally stabilized by chemically attached surface groups or (b) the surfactant had a long hydrophobic group and a weakly ionized hydrophilic group. All of these effects suggest the formation of hydrophobic associations between surfactant molecules on neighboring particles. As a result, the current trajectory analysis models are incomplete and cannot be used to analyze the results from shear coagulation tests conducted under conditions of significant repulsive forces.
The CD4+ T cell response to HIV-1

Although virus-specific CD4(+) T cells have proven to be a critical component of the immunologic control of chronic viral infections in a number of models, the role and even the existence of HIV-1-specific CD4(+) T cells in human HIV-1 infection has been controversial. Recent advances in quantifying and functionally characterizing HIV-1-specific T cells may shed light on the participation of these cells in anti-HIV-1 host defense.
A statistical foundation for machine learning with application to Go-Moku

Abstract In the context of the research study reported here, “learning” refers to identification of optimal parameters in value and graph traversing procedures. Of course, graph traversing lies at the heart of artificial intelligence (AI) schemes. We abstract the learning problem to the problem of choosing value functions and traversing rules on the basis of performance during repetitive AI solutions, to achieve improvement as time goes on. Viewed in this fashion, for many AI problems and games, the learning problem is equivalent to the problem of trying to find the minimum of a function f ( x ) on the basis of noisy measurements Y ( i ) = f [ x ( i )] + W [ x ( i )] at domain points x ( i ) which are to be chosen by the decision maker (e.g. a computer) on the basis of past sample values. This particular random search problem does not seem to have been addressed in the statistical or optimization literature. This study reports some theoretical properties of a minimization method and results of computational experiments on Go-Moku, a tic-tac-toe style game.
Particle deposition in the pulmonary region of the human lung: A semi-empirical model of single breath transport and deposition

Abstract Particle deposition has been observed in the distal pulmonary regions of human airways, where their clearance is lower and thus their potential health effects greater. Whereas gases are transported convectively to proximal pulmonary regions and then diffuse to the distal ones, particles have a very low diffusivity so only few can be transported to the two or three most distal generations by convection in a single tidal breath. Yet models of particle deposition in human airways invariably employ a single breath to characterize regional pulmonary deposition. To study particle transport and deposition during multiple breathing cycles, it is essential to develop a single breath model that describes aerosol bolus dispersion and deposition for the entire lung. Here we present a simple semi-empirical model for whole lung aerosol bolus dispersion, and use bolus dispersion data from the literature to identify model parameters. The model assumes that the particle transport on inhalation and exhalation differs due to secondary flow asymmetries at the bifurcations. By adjusting model parameters to measurements, the effective particle transport profiles averaged over the entire lung and mixing intensity at different lung depths are obtained. The average inspiratory particle transport profile is found to be slightly sharper than parabolic, whereas on exhalation it is relatively blunt. The mixing intensity due to secondary flows is large in the conducting airways ( ∼ 95 ml of lung depth) but drops sharply due to the rapid decrease in Dean number in the deeper lung depths. Therefore, significant mixing due to secondary flows occurs mainly in the proximal airways during exhalation. A set of parameters is identified such that modeled bolus standard deviation, mode shift, and skewness agree with the measurements. Particle loss due to deposition was calculated in each generation and the resulting predictions of particle deposition fractions were in a good agreement with measurements. Although this model does not simulate detailed flow mechanics in the lungs, it does represent overall particle transport phenomena that lead to bolus dispersion observations and it provides a framework for the simulation of pulmonary particle transport during multiple breaths, as presented in an accompanying study of this work.
On the relationship between fluctuating irreversible thermodynamics and “extended” irreversible thermodynamics

The relationship between fluctuating irreversible thermodynamics and theories of irreversible processes which include the thermodynamic fluxes as independent variables is explored. It is shown that the usual fluctuating linear theory of irreversible thermodynamics is a contraction of the extended theory. This contraction contains non-Markovian effects dependent upon the relaxation times associated with the thermodynamic fluxes. In the limit that these relaxation times are small, the extended theory is shown to be equivalent to the usual fluctuating thermodynamic theory. A critique of the extended theories is given from the point of view of the mechanistic statistical theory of irreversible processes.
Effect of the ambient pressure on the explosive burning of emulsified and multicomponent fuel droplets

A simplified model to study the mechanism controlling the growth of vapor bubbles in superheated pure and multicomponent liquids is formulated. The model is used to analyze the effect of ambient pressure and of the presence of solid particles or gas pockets on the nature and character of the liquid-phase disruption which may occur during the vaporization and burnng of emulsified and multicomponent fuel droplets. The analysis is in good qualitative agreement with existing atmospheric pressure experimental results. The “micro-explosive” buring of water-in-fuel emulsion droplets is caused by the very fast growth of superheated water-vapor bubbles. It is shown that the growth rate of these bubbles is primarily governed by the pressure difference between the superheated vapor and the liquid and by the inertia imparted to the liquid by the motion of the bubble surface (“Inertia controlled growth”). For the multicomponent fuel cases the model shows that the disruption of the droplets results from a much slower vapor-bubble growth which is governed by heat diffusion from the liquid to the bubble rather than by inertial and pressure effects (“Diffusion controlled growth”). Furthermore, it is predicted that any emulsion or multicomponent fuel droplet for which liquid-phase disruption is observed at atmospheric pressure will also exhibit disruption at higher pressures. However, as the ambient-pressure is increased the bubble growth rate will decrease in both solution and emulsion cases, resulting in a less effective and slower disruption. Finally, it is shown that through a reduction in the super-heat limit temperature, the presence of solid particles or dissolved gases in the liquid may also result in a less effective and slower disruption.
Abstract B29: The role of C-Terminal Binding Proteins in BRCA1 silencing and genetic instability of ovarian cancer cells

Objective: Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of mortality from gynecological malignancy in Western countries. High-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) is characterized by genetic instability and frequently harbors defects in genes such as BRCA1 for homologous recombination (HR) pathway. Our group recently demonstrated that the transcriptional co-repressors, C-Terminal Binding Proteins (CtBP1 and CtBP2), are overexpressed in epithelial ovarian carcinoma and CtBP2 overexpression is associated with poor patient survival. We sought to relate the expression of CtBP to genetic instability and chemoresponse in HGSOC cells. Methods: Gene expression profiling was performed for the control and CtBP2-knockdown ovarian cancer cell lines. Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-qPCR assays and a BRCA1 promoter-luciferase reporter assay were performed to compare the binding of CtBP complex to BRCA1 promoter and the activity of BRCA1 promoter in the ovarian cancer cells. Cell cycle status of the cell lines was determined by flow cytometry. DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) were determined by comet assay. esults: Analysis of gene expression profiles revealed potential functions of CtBP2 in silencing the expression of a panel of genes such as BRCA1 and Fanconi anemia complementation group gene FANCD2 that are involved in HR pathway, cell cycle checkpoints, and genetic instability. ChIP analyses and the luciferase assays strongly suggest that the CtBP2 complex binds to the BRCA1 promoter and represses BRCA1 transcription. Ovarian cancer cell lines with knockdown of either CtBP1 or CtBP2 showed increased expression of BRCA1 protein. CtBP2-knockdown ovarian cancer cells showed increased apoptosis and arrest in cell cycle. These cell lines also showed a significant increase in DSB after gamma irradiation than wild-type control cells in a comet assay. Conclusions: CtBP1 and CtBP2 function in the suppression of a panel of target genes such as BRCA1 and FANCD2 that are involved in cell cycle checkpoints and HR pathway. CtBP-mediated BRCA1 silencing may be a significant contributing mechanism for genetic instability and clinicopathologic development of HGSOC. Targeting this epigenetic mechanism may enhance the sensitivity of HGSOC to DNA damaging agents and contribute to improved outcome of ovarian cancer patients. Citation Format: Shubai Liu, Junzheng Yang, Taymaa May, Yuanyuan Hua, Shi Lu, Kevin Elias, Ronny Drapkin, William Welch, Christopher Crum, Ross S. Berkowitz, Shu-Wing Ng. The role of C-Terminal Binding Proteins in BRCA1 silencing and genetic instability of ovarian cancer cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Ovarian Cancer Research: From Concept to Clinic; Sep 18-21, 2013; Miami, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2013;19(19 Suppl):Abstract nr B29.
Altering Pasting Characteristics of Sweet Potato Starches through Amino Acid Additives

This study assessed the effects of amino acid additives, aspartic acid, leucine, lysine, and methionine, on the pasting and thermal characteristics of white- and orange-fleshed Beauregard sweet potato starches. A rapid visco analyzer 3D was used to determine pasting properties. In comparing pasting characteristics, starch from orange-fleshed sweet potato was found to be easier to cook, had a lower potential for retrogradation, and was less stable during heating than the white-fleshed sweet potato starch. The RVA analysis showed that the charged amino acids, aspartic acid and lysine, altered pasting characteristics of the 2 starches more than the neutral amino acids, leucine and methionine. Aspartic acid had similar effects on both starches, making them less stable during cooking and lowering the potential for retrogradation. Lysine, when added to the orange-fleshed sweet potato starch, decreased the breakdown, allowing for more stability during cooking. This study showed that pasting properties of sweet potato starches can be altered by the addition of amino acids.
Carcinoma mucins trigger reciprocal activation of platelets and neutrophils in a murine model of Trousseau syndrome

Trousseau syndrome is classically defined as migratory, heparin-sensitive but warfarin-resistant microthrombi in patients with occult, mucinous adenocarcinomas. Injecting carcinoma mucins into mice generates platelet-rich microthrombi dependent on P- and L-selectin but not thrombin. Heparin prevents mucin binding to P- and L-selectin and mucin-induced microthrombi. This model of Trousseau syndrome explains resistance to warfarin, which inhibits fluid-phase coagulation but not selectins. Here we found that carcinoma mucins do not generate microthrombi in mice lacking P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1), the leukocyte ligand for P- and L-selectin. Furthermore, mucins did not activate platelets in blood from PSGL-1-deficient mice. Mucins induced microthrombi in radiation chimeras lacking endothelial P-selectin but not in chimeras lacking platelet P-selectin. Mucins caused leukocytes to release cathepsin G, but only if platelets were present. Mucins failed to generate microthrombi in cathepsin G-deficient mice. Mucins did not activate platelets in blood from mice lacking cathepsin G or protease-activated receptor-4 (PAR4), indicating that cathepsin G activates platelets through PAR4. Using knockout mice and blocking antibodies, we found that mucin-triggered cathepsin G release requires L-selectin and PSGL-1 on neutrophils, P-selectin on platelets, and Src family kinases in both cell types. Thus, carcinoma mucins promote thrombosis through adhesion-dependent, bidirectional signaling in neutrophils and platelets.
Inhibition of calcineurin by polyunsaturated lipids

From earlier studies on calcineurin, the presence of multiple double bonds in putative inhibitors was hypothesized as critical features for effective inhibition. Polyunsaturated fatty acids were tested as inhibitors of calcineurin and found to inhibit the phosphatase activity of calcineurin although effective inhibition was observed only in the absence of calmodulin. Calmodulin and fatty acids seemed to compete for the enzyme with the activation curve of calmodulin shifted approximately 100-fold in the presence of 50 microM eicosa-11Z,14Z-dienoic acid (20:2, n-6) or 50 microM eicosa-8Z,11Z,14Z-trienoic acid (20:3, n-6). Leukotriene B4 and derivatives also were screened as inhibitors. The most effective inhibition was caused by the 6-trans,12-epi-leukotriene B4 with an IC50 of 16.4 microM for the inhibition of calcineurin with pNPP as the substrate. Lipoxins A4 and B4 likewise caused inhibition in the presence of calmodulin with an IC50 of 42.7 microM for lipoxin B4. There was no protection by calmodulin, as found with the inhibition by the fatty acids. These data support the hypothesis that effective inhibition is bolstered by the presence of conjugated double bonds in the inhibitor. Consideration of cis- and trans-orientation of the double bonds suggests that presentation of the delocalized electron density is also a factor in effective inhibition of calcineurin.
It's 2 a.m. do you know where your computers are?: earlham college and schooldude.com 18 months later

It's 2 a.m. do you know where your computers are? As the computer inventories grow, it becomes increasingly more important for IT Departments to have ready access to their asset management database. The approach taken by Earlham College and 40 other institutions of Higher Education is the utilization of an Application Service Provider (ASP) called appropriately SchoolDude.Com.This presentation will be co-presented by Earlham College and SchoolDude.com partners. This is an updated presentation to the one given at the SIGUCCS Management Conference in the Spring 2009. Following 18 months of experience and additional training Randy Kouns, will discuss Earlham's experience with School Dude. Rachael Buchanan from School Dude will discuss product development and answer questions regarding various other SD products.
Alarm pheromone perception in honey bees is decreased by smoke (Hymenoptera: Apidae).

The application of smoke to honey bee(Apis mellifera) antennae reduced the subsequent electroantennograph response of the antennae to honey bee alarm pheromones, isopentyl acetate, and 2-heptanone. This effect was reversible, and the responsiveness of antennae gradually returned to that of controls within 10–20 min. A similar effect occurred with a floral odor, phenylacetaldehyde, suggesting that smoke interferes with olfaction generally, rather than specifically with honey bee alarm pheromones. A reduction in peripheral sensitivity appears to be one component of the mechanism by which smoke reduces nest defense behavior of honey bees.
A NEW GENUS OF EARLY CAMBRIAN CORAL IN ESMERALDA COUNTY, SOUTHWESTERN NEVADA

Abstract Numerous Early Cambrian corals or “coralomorphs,” as they are often classified, are recorded from North America, Australia, and Siberia. A new Early Cambrian coral, Harklessia yuenglingensis n. gen. and sp., is found in conjunction with archaeocyathan-microbial reefs in Esmeralda County, southwestern Nevada. The coral-bearing reefs are within quartzic, trilobite-rich packstone beds in the upper portion of the Harkless Formation (Bonnia–Olenellus Zone). Coralla are constructed by subpolygonal to polygonal, cerioid, close-packed corallite tubes. Coralla average 12 cm in height by 18 cm in diameter with individual corallite tubes ranging from 1.2 to 3.2 mm in diameter. Corallites are greater than 25 mm in length. Septa and tabulae are not present. Many of the Early Cambrian corals previously described have attributes of the class Anthozoa and subclass Zoantharia, with some specific similarities to tabulate corals. Harklessia yuenglingensis is placed confidently within the class Anthozoa, subclass Zo...
On Local SIGDAs

One of the least publicized but no less important activities of SIGDA has been the formation of local SIGDA groups across the country. With a strong, grassroots network in place, the goals and interests of all members can be shared on a local basis. In addition to national meetings like the DAC and ICCAD, and various workshops, the availability of a local SIGDA organization provides another level of ongoing professional interaction. For the national directorate, the network could be used to disseminate information, provide national officer candidates, host regional meetings, and most important, give comments and criticism on SIGDA itself.
SYNTHESES AND CHARACTERIZATION OF 1,3-DITHIEPIN-2-CARBODITHIOLATE AND ITS ALKYLATED DERIVATIVES

Abstract The synthesis and characterization of a new series of organo-sulfur compounds which contain the tetrathioethylene unit are reported. A single crystal structure study of one of these compounds, 2-(1,3-dithiolan-2-ylid-ene)-1,3-dithiepin was carried out. The crystals belong to space group P1 with α=8.634(2) A, b=15.658(4) A, c=8.196(2) A, α=75.79(2)°, β=103.11(2)°, δ=102.70(2)°, R=0.058 for 1886 reflections I > 3 [sgrave](I), and D x=1.493, D m=1.46, for Z=4. The packing of molecules does show stacking with three close contacts between sulfurs having the following distances: 3.6477 A, 3.5860 A, and 3.5782 A. Further characterization by 1H and 13C NMR, electrochemistry, and MO calculations show these compounds to be quite different from the parent TTF in many aspects.
Experiential and Affective Correlates of Math Anxiety in Adult Women

Mathematics anxiety has been discussed as one of the factors contributing to poor mathematics performance, especially among women. Although many programs have been developed for its treatment, little research has been conducted concerning its correlates. The present study examines correlates of mathematics anxiety among the 69 female participants in a program designed to help individuals overcome their fears and become more competent in mathematics. Results indicate the following: (a) that mathematics anxiety in program participants is highly correlated with other academically relevant anxiety scales, (b) that test anxiety and self-estimated mathematics ability are the most important variables in the prediction of mathematics anxiety, and (c) that mathematics anxiety and high school mathematics preparation are the most important variables in the prediction of arithmetic performance.
Greater Ethanol-Induced Locomotor Activation in DBA/2J versus C57BL/6J Mice Is Not Predicted by Presynaptic Striatal Dopamine Dynamics

A large body of research has aimed to determine the neurochemical factors driving differential sensitivity to ethanol between individuals in an attempt to find predictors of ethanol abuse vulnerability. Here we find that the locomotor activating effects of ethanol are markedly greater in DBA/2J compared to C57BL/6J mice, although it is unclear as to what neurochemical differences between strains mediate this behavior. Dopamine elevations in the nucleus accumbens and caudate-putamen regulate locomotor behavior for most drugs, including ethanol; thus, we aimed to determine if differences in these regions predict strain differences in ethanol-induced locomotor activity. Previous studies suggest that ethanol interacts with the dopamine transporter, potentially mediating its locomotor activating effects; however, we found that ethanol had no effects on dopamine uptake in either strain. Ex vivo voltammetry allows for the determination of ethanol effects on presynaptic dopamine terminals, independent of drug-induced changes in firing rates of afferent inputs from either dopamine neurons or other neurotransmitter systems. However, differences in striatal dopamine dynamics did not predict the locomotor-activating effects of ethanol, since the inhibitory effects of ethanol on dopamine release were similar between strains. There were differences in presynaptic dopamine function between strains, with faster dopamine clearance in the caudate-putamen of DBA/2J mice; however, it is unclear how this difference relates to locomotor behavior. Because of the role of the dopamine system in reinforcement and reward learning, differences in dopamine signaling between the strains could have implications for addiction-related behaviors that extend beyond ethanol effects in the striatum.
Article 2 of the UNFCCC: Historical Origins, Recent Interpretations

Article 2 of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), which states the treaty's long-term objective, is the subject of a growing literature that examines means to interpret and implement this provision. Here we provide context for these studies by exploring the intertwined scientific, legal, economic, and political history of Article 2. We review proposed definitions for “dangerous anthropogenic interference” and frameworks that have been proposed for implementing these definitions. Specific examples of dangerous climate changes suggest limits on global warming ranging from 1 to 4 ∘C and on concentrations ranging from 450 to 700 ppm CO2 equivalents. The implications of Article 2 for near term restrictions on greenhouse-gas emissions, e.g., the Kyoto Protocol, are also discussed.
Understanding locals' compensation fairness vis-à-vis foreign expatriates: the role of perceived equity

We examined antecedents and consequences of compensation fairness vis-a-vis foreign expatriates as perceived by locals of multinationals in Kenya. We found that compensation disparity vis-a-vis expatriates negatively effected locals' perceived compensation fairness vis-a-vis expatriates but compensation advantage vis-a-vis other locals positively effected it. The effects of both disparity and advantage were mediated through perceived equity. Expatriate interpersonal sensitivity towards locals reduced the negative effect of disparity but enhanced the positive effect of advantage on compensation fairness vis-a-vis expatriates. Compensation fairness vis-a-vis expatriates was positively related to job satisfaction but negatively related to turnover intention. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.