cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOPHYSICS OF GUANINE‐CONTAINING DINUCLEOSIDES

— Yields and action spectra are reported for photochemistry. fluorescence. and total lumincscence at 405 nm due to UV excitation (240–300 nm) or dilutc (-0.1 mM) solutions or guanosine 5–monophosphate (GMP) and the dinucleosides linking guanine with adenine (ApG and GpA). cytosine (CpG) and uracil (GpU) in neutral ethylene glycol-water (7:3) glasses at 140–165 K. Phosphorescence lifetimes were determined at 140 K. Less complete data are presented for GpC, UpG and dpGpT. Quantum yields for all three processes were usually found to increase as the excitation wavelength increases. Although intramolecular exciplex formation was not dominant under these conditions interactions were strong enough to frustrate attempts at interpretation of results within the Forster very weak coupling framework. There is evidence that the GMP photochemistry proceeds from the triplet state. Surprisingly, this photochemistry is not quenched in ApG, GpA, and dpGpT at 163 K although the adenine (A) and thymine (T) moieties are known to have lower triplet states. At 140 K the phosphorescence from ApG and GpA was entirely characteristic of A but both G and T components were observed from dpGpT.
Effect of galactose on auxin-induced cell elongation in oat coleoptile segments in mannitol solutions

Oat coleoptile segments were treated with or without 10 mM galactose in the presence or absence of 10 μM IAA and various concentrations of mannitol (pre-incubation). Auxin-induced growth was inhibited by galactose. Segments were then transferred to buffer solutions containing or not containing 10 mM galactose (post-incubation). Expansion growth due to rapid water absorption was observed. The expansion growth during the post-incubation was inhibited by galactose when galactose was applied during the post-incubation period or all through the pre- and post-incubation but was not affected by galactose when it was applied only during the pre-incubation. This result indicates that the galactose effect on the expansion growth is due to its inhibitory action during the post-incubation period. Galactose has been reported to be a specific inhibitor for cell wall synthesis. Thus, it is suggested that the expansion growth during post-incubation requires cell wall synthesis and is not just the process of passive water absorption. The primary action of auxin does not seem to require new synthesis of polysaccharides.
An 8/9 Rate Time-varying Trellis Code For High Density Magnetic Recording

A simple time-varying trellis code constraint is introduced which achieves 2.2 dB coding gain with the EEPR4 partial response target in additive white Gaussian noise. The capacity of this 'Tribit Mod 2' (TM2) constraint is 0.9163. A block code construction and a practical 8/9 rate block code of length 9 with an RLL k=11 constraint is detailed. Quasi-catastrophic events are described in NRZI space and are shown to be coded out of the 8/9 code. The TM2 code's effective minimum distance including noise coloration effects is analyzed, and shows that coding gain is achieved at high channel densities with the EPR4 partial response target as well as with the EEPR4 and maximum likelihood targets.
Barotropic and inertial instabilities in the hurricane outflow layer

Abstract The shallow water, linear model in cylindrical coordinates is used to investigate barotropic and inertial instabilities in the tropical cyclone outflow layer. When the mean state wind satisfies the condition |ζ|«|f 0 the instabilities found in our model are equivalent to the barotropic instabilities calculated with the quasi-geostrophic potential vorticity equation. The maximum instability is internal and appears at azimuthal wavenumber one. When an observed (composite) hurricane outflow layer is assumed as a basic state, the largest barotropic growth rate (e-folding time scale ≈7 days) appears at azimuthal wavenumber s = 1 and equivalent depth about 30 m. The maximum growth for s = 2 is about four times smaller than for s = 1 and occurs with the external mode. Inertial instability dominates at the very small equivalent depths and is likely to be stabilized by friction.
Performance modeling in integrated curcuit design (tutorial)

This tutorial is an introduction to performance modeling in the design of integrated circuits (ICs). It assumes no background in either electrical engineering or VLSI design; all relevant concepts and terminology will be introduced. The goal is to give an overview of the role of performance modeling in IC design, the current state of the art, central problems and research challenges.First, the process of IC design will be reviewed. Every design progresses through a series of stages: concept, architecture, implementation and realization. Each level of design manipulates different abstractions and hence is concerned with different measures of design quality. Some principle measures are: speed, silicon area, power consumption and the number of input/output connections. There are several different major design paradigms such as gate array, standard cell and custom design. Each results in different tradeoffs between flexibility, ease of implementation and design quality. This has a fundamental impact on both the design process and the resulting design.Performance considerations enter into IC design at a variety of levels: device, circuit, logic design and architecture. Each requires different performance models, and the designer must make tradeoffs that are qualitatively different at different levels. Circuit level design requires fast and accurate models of logic gate behavior. A circuit's speed, silicon area and power consumption must be accurately estimated. Each of these circuit characteristics can be traded off against the others, and the designer may adjust the tradeoff in order to tune the circuit to the needs of a particular application. Accurate and computationally fast models form the basis for the tools that assist the designer in circuit optimization. Tools exist that accurately predict circuit performance and that automatically optimize circuits.Integrated circuit design is a field still in its infancy. This, coupled with the fact that the underlying technological base has undergone rapid change in recent years, means that performance modeling of IC design is still in its formative stages. Some areas (e.g. device modeling) are more mature and better understood than others (e.g. architectural modeling). Research opportunities are plentiful.
The temporal perception of menthol

Although menthol is a common ingredient in pharmaceutical and food products, its sensory properties have not been studied extensively. The objective of this study was to describe and compare the temporal properties of 1- and d-menthol. The cooling, burning, and bitterness of two menthol isomers (1-, d-) each at 0.01, 0.02, 0.04, 0.08% (w/v) in aqueous solution were evaluated by 11 trained panelists using time-intensity methodology. The intensity of all three attributes were evaluated continuously from introduction of the sample into the mouth, through expectoration at 10 s, until the termination of the sensation. The l-menthol samples had a greater maximum intensity and longer total duration of cooling and burning sensations than the d-menthol samples. In addition, maximum intensity and total duration of cooling and burn increased with concentration. In contrast, the total duration of the burning sensation was only dependent upon concentration of the l-isomer. Increasing menthol concentration significantly increased maximum intensity and total duration of bitterness for both isomers.
A trigger-based middleware cache for ORMs

Caching is an important technique in scaling storage for high-traffic web applications. Usually, building caching mechanisms involves significant effort from the application developer to maintain and invalidate data in the cache. In this work we present CacheGenie, a caching middleware which makes it easy for web application developers to use caching mechanisms in their applications. CacheGenie provides high-level caching abstractions for common query patterns in web applications based on Object-RelationalMapping (ORM) frameworks. Using these abstractions, the developer does not have to worry about managing the cache (e.g., insertion and deletion) or maintaining consistency (e.g., invalidation or updates) when writing application code.We design and implement CacheGenie in the popular Django web application framework, with PostgreSQL as the database backend and memcached as the caching layer. To automatically invalidate or update cached data, we use triggers inside the database. CacheGenie requires no modifications to PostgreSQL or memcached. To evaluate our prototype, we port several Pinax web applications to use our caching abstractions. Our results show that it takes little effort for application developers to use CacheGenie, and that CacheGenie improves throughput by 2-2.5× for read-mostly workloads in Pinax.
A sceptical rejoinder to sensitivity-contextualism

Cet article presente un nouvel argument en faveur du scepticisme que les tenants du contextualisme sensoriel doivent reconnaitre comme valide; qui plus est, ils doivent admettre que les conclusions de cet argument sont vraies selon des criteres standards. J'examine la position selon laquelle, dans differents contextes, les formules visant a designer un contenu de connaissance expriment differentes propositions, propositions qui different les unes des autres dans la serie des mondes au sein desquels le sujet est a la recherche de la verite. J'identifie la raison sur laquelle se fonde le constat sceptique et soutient qu'il fait du contextualisme sensoriel une position irremediablement defaillante. Je conclue en proposant que les tenants de cette position devraient abandonner la sensation a la faveur d'autres composantes des rouages epistemiques.
WS-Auction: Mechanism Design for aWeb Services Market

As distributed systems become more complex in terms of the functionality and heterogeneity of their components, the ownership of those components becomes an issue in the allocation phase of the system design. The mechanism design community has addressed the allocation problem in an efficient, truthful, strategyproof way in several settings such as combinatorial auctions, on-line auctions, distributed allocation computation or information elicitation. We are extending the scope of mechanism design by shifting the focus from efficient individual allocations to systemwide efficient allocations. In this setting, we are addressing the spatial and temporal fragmentation of the information characteristic to a distributed market. This paper shows that the necessary mechanism for obtaining an efficient outcome in a distributed market is an indirect auction with provisional allocation and historical information. We also suggest and evaluate the bidding strategy in such an environment, and we show that the truthful strategy is to bid the true valuation at the arrival time in the system.
Making real games virtual: Tracking board game pieces

The same game is often played in real and virtual worlds. We integrate in-person and on-line playing of board games such as Go, bringing the real world into the virtual world. A player may record an in-person game by placing their camera on the table next to the game board, taking photos of the game. After automatically detecting the board and playing pieces, we perform inference on the time series of detections to eliminate errors and accurately estimate long sequences of moves. The game transcript may be studied afterwards, shared with friends and teachers, or added to online compilations, bringing the attendant benefits of online game play to an in-person game.
Preneoplastic and Neoplastic Lesions of Rat Hereditary Renal Cell Tumors Express Markers of Proximal and Distal Nephron

Long-Evans (Eker) rats carry a mutation that predisposes them to develop spontaneous renal cell tumors of two morphologic patterns: solid chromophilic masses or cystic lesions lined by eosinophilic cells. Previous studies have suggested that these tumors arise from the proximal tubules. In the present study, lectin- binding characteristics and cytokeratin expression of various stages of hereditary rat renal epithelial neoplasia were examined to localize the portion of the nephron from which tumors arise. Lectin-binding histochemistry has been used as a marker of cell surface glycoprotein expression, thought to be important in the differentiation of benign from malignant epithelial lesions and in the determination of their cell of origin. The presence or absence of keratin intermediate filaments in the rat nephron has been used to identify nephron segments. The polyclonal antibody to high- and low-molecular-weight cytokeratin stained the cells of the collecting ducts but not the proximal or distal tubules. Binding to the proximal tubules by the lectins Conavalia ensiformis (Con A), Dolichas biflorus, Ricinus communis (RCA-I), and Triticum vulgare and to the distal tubules by Con A, RCA- 1, Arachis hypogaea (PNA) with and without neuraminidase, and the antibody for cytokeratins was demonstrated. The lectin binding and cytokeratin staining patterns of rat hereditary renal cell carcinoma, adenoma and the preneoplastic lesions of atypical tubules and hyperplasias suggest that cystic adenomas arise from the distal nephron, principally the collecting duct, whereas the solid atypical tubules, hyperplasias, and adenomas arise from the proximal nephron, principally the proximal tubule.
Reliability improvement and burn in optimization through the use of die level predictive modeling

A die-level, predictive defect model is presented which identifies sub-populations of a die with varying infant mortality. The model is shown to be twice as efficient in identifying unreliable material as traditional wafer or lot level methods. Applications include reduced burn in requirements while continuing to meet infant mortality goals. Key results include: 1) a predictive model for latent defects was developed using wafer sort yield data; the model was validated with production burn in data; 2) optimum nearest neighbor effect is two die in each direction (24 nearest neighbors), regardless of die size; 3) near optimum efficiency for local yield function can be obtained by generic weighting coefficients rather than product specific weights; 4) extreme edge die have a different neighborhood than center die; 5) die level low yield criteria are twice as efficient as traditional wafer or lot level scrap criteria; using a die level approach can increase both reliability and output; 6) the most efficient use of burn in resources is by identifying die level subpopulations for burn in, rather than wafer or lot level; sub-populations of die with high failure rates occur even on high yield wafers, thus die level segregation is needed; 7) a methodology for setting a generic die level scrap criterion based solely on die size is proposed; 8) the influence of cache repaired die in predicting a defect was found to be less pronounced than other failure bins.
Replicative Fitness Costs of Nonnucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor Drug Resistance Mutations on HIV Subtype C

ABSTRACT Single-dose nevirapine (NVP) is quite effective in preventing transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) from mother to child; however, many women develop resistance to NVP in this setting. Comparing outcomes of clinical studies reveals an increased amount of resistance in subtype C relative to that in other subtypes. This study investigates how nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) drug resistance mutations of subtype C affect replication capacity. The 103N, 106A, 106M, 181C, 188C, 188L, and 190A drug resistance mutations were placed in a reverse transcriptase (RT) that matches the consensus subtype C sequence as well as the HXB2 RT, as a subtype B reference. The replicative fitness of each mutant was compared with that of the wild type in a head-to-head competition assay. The 106A mutant of subtype C would not grow in the competition assay, making it the weakest virus tested. The effect of the 106M mutation was weaker than those of the 181C and 188C mutations in the consensus C RT, but in subtype B, this difference was not seen. To see if the 106A mutation in a different subtype C background would have a different replicative profile, the same NNRTI resistance mutations were added to the MJ4 RT, a reference subtype C molecular clone. In the context of MJ4 RT, the 106A mutant was not the only mutant that showed poor replicative fitness; the 106M, 188C, and 190A mutants also failed to replicate. These results suggest that NNRTIs may be a cost-effective alternative for salvage therapy if deleterious mutations are present in a subtype C setting.
Optimization of Pulsed Current Profile for Magnetic Field Trapping in High TC Superconductors

Compared with conventional field-cooling and zero- field cooling magnetization methods, pulsed field magnetization is an alternative way to magnetize high temperature superconductors (HTS) with the advantage of dramatically decreasing the size and complexity of the electromagnetic system. Experiments were carried out with a flexible pulsed-current generator. A series of three pulses was found to be adequate to magnetize the HTS monolith with optimal trapped field if proper pulse amplitudes and widths are applied. The effects of the amplitude, width, ramp rate, and shape of the pulsed current are reported. Transient responses of the HTS to pulsed magnetic fields are discussed and analyzed.
Dandelion: cooperative content distribution with robust incentives

Content distribution via the Internet is becoming increasingly popular. To be cost-effective, commercial content providers are considering the use of peer-to-peer (P2P) protocols such as BitTorrent to save on bandwidth costs and to handle peak demands. However, when an online content provider uses a P2P protocol, it faces a crucial issue: how to incentivize its clients to upload to their peers. This paper presents Dandelion, a system designed to address this issue in the case of paid content distribution. Unlike previous solutions, most notably BitTorrent, Dandelion provides robust (provably non-manipulable) incentives for clients to upload to others. In addition, unlike systems with tit-for-tat-based incentives, a client is motivated to upload to its peers even if the peers do not have content that interests the client. A client that honestly uploads to its peers is rewarded with credit, which can be redeemed for various types of rewards, such as discounts on paid content. In designing Dandelion, we trade scalability for the ability to provide robust incentives. The evaluation of our prototype system on PlanetLab demonstrates the viability of our approach. A Dandelion server that runs on commodity hardware with a moderate access link is capable of supporting up to a few thousand clients. These clients can download content at rates comparable to those of BitTorrent clients.
Project Network Interdependency Alignment: New Approach to Assessing Project Effectiveness

The engineering and construction industry has evolved to a task-centric approach to evaluating the effectiveness of projects. However, a narrow task-based view of project network logic neglects the coordination of communication and knowledge exchanges across the project organizational network. This paper departs from traditional approaches to introduce a new approach to assessing project effectiveness that focuses on alignment of actual knowledge exchanges with knowledge exchange requirements across task-organization network dyads. A new modeling approach is introduced, called Project Network Interdependency Alignment. Project Network Interdependency Alignment identifies potentially excessive or insufficient communication and knowledge exchanges that can make projects ineffective. The modeling approach is introduced and retrospectively validated by using a building renovation construction project. The case study demonstrates that the approach can provide project managers with the capacity to analyze task ...
32nm Node Highly Reliable Cu/Low-k Integration Technology with CuMn Alloy Seed

This paper introduces a highly reliable Cu interconnect technology at the 32 nm node with CuMn alloy seed. A CuMn alloy liner seed process combined with a non-gouging liner has been integrated into the minimum-pitch wiring level. Stress migration fails with CuMn seed at plate-below-via structures were shut down by a non-gouging liner process. Integration with gouging liner and non-gouging liner is compared, and results of interaction with CuMn seed are discussed in this paper.
Classical Approximation to Nonradiative Electronic Relaxation in Condensed Phase Systems

We present a study of the classical limit of nonradiative electronic relaxation in condensed phase systems. The discrete Hamiltonian representing an impurity in a condensed phase environment is mapped onto a continuous form using the Meyer-Miller approach. The classical electronic relaxation rate is obtained within the framework of the reactive flux formalism and is compared to the fully quantum mechanical result, and to a mixed quantum-classical approximation. Similar to the case of vibrational relaxation, we find that the fully classical treatment is closer to the fully quantum mechanical rate than the mixed quantum-classical treatment. We provide a time domain analysis of the results.
Enhanced Resistance to Control Potato Tuberworm by Combining Engineered Resistance, Avidin, and Natural Resistance Derived from, Solanum Chacoense

Potato tuberworm, Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller), is a destructive insect pest of potato, Solanum tuberosum (L.), found primarily in tropical and sub-tropical regions. It has recently become established in the northwestern United States. Avidin is a natural protein found in chicken (Gallus gallus L.) egg whites that has insecticidal properties against a number of lepidopteran and coleopteran pests. Biotin is a cofactor of carboxylases that are required for many important processes like lipogenesis, gluconeogensis, fatty acid and amino acid catabolism. Without biotin, an insect’s growth is severely stunted, eventually leading to death. Avidin binds and sequesters biotin, limiting its availability during insect growth and development. Previous studies have demonstrated that avidin is effective against potato tuberworm. We sought to elevate resistance by combining avidin with natural host plant resistance factors from the wild species Solanum chacoense Bitter. We expressed avidin in two potato lines: MSE149-5Y, a susceptible potato line, and ND5873-15, a line with S. chacoense-derived resistance. The avidin expression was determined by ELISA to be 10.6 μM in MSE75.7 (avidin) and 12.5 μM in ND75.3 (avidin + S. chacoense-derived) in the tuber. Potato tuberworm bioassays were performed on MSE149-5Y, MSE75.7, ND5873-15, and ND75.3. Mortality was measured after 28 d. Mortality of larvae fed on MSE149-5Y (susceptible) did not differ significantly compared to the mortality of larvae fed on MSE75.7 (avidin) or ND5873-1 (S. chacoense-derived). Significantly higher mortality (98%) was observed for larvae fed on ND75.3 (avidin + S. chacoense-derived) tubers than for larvae fed on MSE149-5Y (susceptible). The present study is the first report of combining avidin with natural host plant resistance factors against potato tuberworm. Expressing avidin in combination with natural host plant resistance may be of value in managing potato tuberworm.
Diffusion-weighted MR Imaging for Characterizing Musculoskeletal Lesions

Diffusion-weighted imaging is a nonenhanced technique that can provide quantitative information about the cellularity of a musculoskeletal lesion, potentially serving as an important adjunct in initial characterization and posttreatment assessment of both osseous and soft-tissue tumors.
Intracranial Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas: Classification, Imaging Findings, and Treatment

Intracranial DAVFs are pathologic dural-based shunts and account for 10%-15% of all intracranial arteriovenous malformations. These malformations derive their arterial supply primarily from meningeal vessels, and the venous drainage is either via dural venous sinuses or through the cortical veins. DAVFs have a reported association with dural sinus thrombosis, venous hypertension, previous craniotomy, and trauma, though many lesions are idiopathic. The diagnosis is dependent on a high level of clinical suspicion and high-resolution imaging. Cross-sectional imaging techniques by using CT and MR imaging aid in the diagnosis, but conventional angiography remains the most accurate method for complete characterization and classification of DAVFs. The pattern of venous drainage observed on dynamic vascular imaging determines the type of DAVF and correlates with the severity of symptoms and the risk of hemorrhage.
108 The Use of Wet‐to‐Dry Wound Dressings

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the current use of wet-to-dry dressings as the principal wound care modality ordered by health care providers. In addition, this study describes the types of wounds wet-to-dry dressings are currently used for, the specialty of health care providers most likely to order these dressings, and associated data that indicates whether or not the clinical condition of the wound warrants the use of wet-to-dry dressing for mechanical debridement. Method: This descriptive study involved a retrospective chart review of 202 home health and HMO case managed patients with open wounds One hundred and two HMO charts were reviewed; only 74 had sufficient data documented. One hundred and sixty-one home health charts were reviewed; only 128 were appropriate for data collection (closed incisions, drainage tubes, ostomies, and those charts where more than six items on the data collection sheet were not documented in the chart, were not used). The data was analyzed using SPSS. Findings: This study suggests that the current use of wet-to-dry dressings is over 41% of all principal wound care modalities, followed by enzymatic (7.43%) and dry gauze (6.93%). The majority of wet-to-dry dressings ordered are for surgical wounds (69%), followed by neuropathic ulcers (10%) and pressure ulcers (5.9%). Furthermore, this study suggests that general surgeons are most likely to order wet-to-dry dressings (38%). Data also indicated that in over 78.6% of wounds treated with wet-to-dry dressings, mechanical debridement was not indicated (the percent of granulating tissue in the wound bed was > 75%). In only 3.5% of wounds treated with wet-to-dry dressings was mechanical debridement possibly indicated by the amount of nonviable tissue in the wound bed. Discussion: Clinicians need to be involved in research that will lead to evidenced based clinical practice and standardized wound care. The scientific literature suggests that wet-to-dry dressings are not evidenced based, but are detrimental to the granulating wound bed, painful, costly, and one of the least effective methods of debridement available today.
A VLSI system for difference picture-based motion analysis

A VLSI architecture for a difference picture-based dynamic scene analysis technique that can perform the analysis in real time is proposed. To analyze a dynamic scene, a difference picture is generated for two (previous and current) image frames of the scene taken at contiguous time instants. The entries in difference pictures are assumed to be caused by motion in the scene. Motion-related information about dynamic objects in a scene can be obtained by analyzing the characteristics of the connected region in the corresponding difference picture. The architecture of each processor is simple and can be organized as a multistage linear pipeline with no feedback logic. Regarding the layout space required for the processor logic, simple estimates show that up to 30 processors can be laid out within a single chip. >
Establishing Restricted Expression of Caveolin-1 in HIV Infected Cells and Inhibition of Virus Replication.

Background: Caveolin-1 (Cav-1) is the major protein of the caveolae and plays a role in multiple cellular functions and implicated to have anti-HIV activity. Regulated expression of Cav-1 is important for safe and effective use in order to exploit Cav-1 for HIV therapeutic applications. Methods: A series of Cav-1 and GFP expression vectors were constructed under the control of the HIV LTR for conditional expression or CMV promoter and the expression of Cav-1 was monitored in the presence or absence of Tat or HIV infection in order to establish the restricted expression of Cav-1 to HIV infected cells. Results: Cav-1 expression was evident under the control of the HIV LTR in the absence of Tat or HIV infection as demonstrated by immunoblot. Placing two internal ribosomal entry sequences (IRES) and a Rev response element, RRE (5'~ LTR-IRES-GFP-RRE-IRES-Cav-1~3') resulted in no expression of Cav-1 in the absence of Tat with effective expression in the presence of Tat. Transduction of HIV permissive cells with this construct using a foamy virus vector show that Cav-1 was able to inhibit HIV replication by 82%. Cells that received LTR-IRES-GFP-RRE-IRES-Cav-1 remain healthy in the absence of Tat or HIV infection. Conclusion: These results taken together reveal the inclusion of two IRES establishes a significant reduction of leak through expression of Cav-1 in the absence of Tat or HIV infection. Such regulated expression will have therapeutic application of Cav-1 for HIV infection as well as broad applications which can be beneficial for other host-targeted interventions as therapeutics.
Myocardial stiffness and reparative fibrosis following coronary embolisation in the rat.

The structural nature of fibrillar collagen involved in the replacement fibrosis which accompanies discrete areas of cell necrosis remains uncertain, as does its influence on the diastolic and systolic stiffness of the intact myocardium. This study, using 15 micron diameter microsphere embolisation of the rat myocardium, was undertaken to address these issues. Collagen volume fraction (trichrome), fibrillar collagens (picrosirius-polarisation technique), and the stress-strain relations of the intact myocardium (isolated hearts) were determined 30 d after the infusion of microspheres into the left ventricle. Significant differences from controls included: (a) the presence of hypertension secondary to renovascular embolisation; (b) a greater volume fraction of collagen that included not only a meshwork of short, taut appearing, thick and thin collagen fibres, interposed between muscle in areas of cell loss, but also a perivascular fibrosis involving intramyocardial coronary arteries; (c) elevated active stiffness, and (d) a more exponential diastolic stress-strain relation with increased stiffness at strains of 5% or more. These findings suggest that the replacement fibrosis accompanying myocyte necrosis has distinguishing morphological features involving fibrillar collagen and which because of its structure, alignment, and location relative to muscle leads to enhanced myocardial stiffness, including a more exponential rise in the diastolic stress-strain relation. The perivascular accumulation of collagen suggests that additonal factors other than microsphere induced necrosis were responsible for this reactive fibrosis.
Multiple-Access Interference

Dramatic growth rates in capacity demands in wireless and other broadband systems have resulted in a rise in the use of communication networks in which multiple users share common communication resources. A significant consequence of this trend is the increasing presence of multiple-access interference (MAI), which arises in communication systems employing non-orthogonal multiplexing, that is, in multiple-access systems. This issue arises naturally, for example, in code-division multiple-access (CDMA) communication systems using nonorthogonal spreading codes. It also arises in orthogonally multiplexed wireless channels, such as time-division multiple-access (TDMA) and orthogonal frequency division multiple-access (OFDMA) channels, due to effects such as multipath or nonideal frequency channelization, and in wireline channels such as those arising in digital subscriber line (DSL) systems or powerline communications (PLCs) in which crosstalk and other types of interference are major impairments. MAI also arises in optical wave-division multiplexing (WDM) systems due to mode interactions caused by nonlinearities.
Histochemical Methods for Protein-bound Sulphydryl and Disulphide Groups

Histochemical methods for the localization of protein-bound sulphydryl groups were compared in a critical fashion. As far as localization is concerned, several of the methods published were found to be satisfactory. However, from the point of view of approximate visual quantitation, the results are confusing. The two best methods for the histochemical detection of protein-bound sulphydryl groups are the tetrazolium method and Barrnett and Seligman9s dihydroxydinaphthyldisulphide technique.
Stability and Exchange in a Generalized Diamond-Dybvig Model

The recent literature on bank runs, following Diamond and Dybvig (1983), studies the banking sector in isolation from the greater economy. Here we model an economy that includes not only DD type bank depositors but also producers of goods. This multi-sector model improves social welfare in three ways: Asset diversification creates a welfare improvement for all agents. Value is created through exchange as deposits may be traded for real goods. Exchange improves bank solvency which reduces the probability of a bank run. These results are consistent with historical evidence from the U.S. banking system.
Near-Ultraviolet Light in Incubation of Marine Leaf-Litter Samples

(1982). Near-Ultraviolet Light in Incubation of Marine Leaf-Litter Samples. Mycologia: Vol. 74, No. 3, pp. 508-510.
Investigation on bartonella in murine animal in Lishui city of Zhejiang province

Objective:To investigate bartonella in liver and spleen of rodents in Lishui city,and to provide a scientific basis for controlling outbreaks of Bartonellosis.Methods: Liver and spleen specimens of rodents were collected.The gltA gene(379 bp)of Bartonella was identified by polymerase chain reaction(PCR).Results: Four hundred and sixty-seven rodents were captured from Lishui city.Apodemus agrarius,rattus confucianus and Musmusculus were the rodent host in Lishui.The total positive rate was 15.20%.Apodemus agrarius(429/467) was the main rodent host in Lishui.The positive rate of Bartonella was 16.08%(69/429).Conclusion: This study indicated that Bartonella infection was found in rodents in Lishui and host animal of Bartonella were complex,which can provide evidence for further investigation on the Bartonellosis in Lishui.
Test and simulation research of security and stability control technology of UHVDC based on real-time digital simulation

The RTDS simulation models for Lingzhou to Shaoxing(Lingshao) ±800kV UHVDC transmission system are set up, meanwhile, through simulating the 3-level functions of the master control, pole control, and valve control, the real-time digital simulation research and closed loop testing platform for the security and stability control devices is built, without access to actual UHVDC control and protection system, which saves the testing cost and time. Based on the research and testing platform, the security and stability control strategies for AC and DC system of the Lingshao UHVDC system are tested, which in the end verifies the correctness of the control strategies and the accuracy of the simulation models.
Early plasma transfusion is associated with improved survival after isolated traumatic brain injury in patients with multifocal intracranial hemorrhage

Background Plasma-based resuscitation improves outcomes in trauma patients with hemorrhagic shock, while large-animal and limited clinical data suggest that it also improves outcomes and is neuroprotective in the setting of combined hemorrhage and traumatic brain injury. However, the choice of initial resuscitation fluid, including the role of plasma, is unclear for patients after isolated traumatic brain injury. Methods We reviewed adult trauma patients admitted from January 2011 to July 2015 with isolated traumatic brain injury. “Early plasma” was defined as transfusion of plasma within 4 hours. Purposeful multiple logistic regression modeling was performed to analyze the relationship of early plasma and inhospital survival. After testing for interaction, subgroup analysis was performed based on the pattern of brain injury on initial head computed tomography: epidural hematoma, intraparenchymal contusion, subarachnoid hemorrhage, subdural hematoma, or multifocal intracranial hemorrhage. Results Of the 633 isolated traumatic brain injury patients included, 178 (28%) who received early plasma were injured more severely coagulopathic, hypoperfused, and hypotensive on admission. Survival was similar in the early plasma versus no early plasma groups (78% vs 84%, P = .08). After adjustment for covariates, early plasma was not associated with improved survival (odds ratio 1.18, 95% confidence interval 0.71–1.96). On subgroup analysis, multifocal intracranial hemorrhage was the largest subgroup with 242 patients. Of these, 61 (25%) received plasma within 4 hours. Within-group logistic regression analysis with adjustment for covariates found that early plasma was associated with improved survival (odds ratio 3.34, 95% confidence interval 1.20–9.35). Conclusion Although early plasma transfusion was not associated with improved in-hospital survival for all isolated traumatic brain injury patients, early plasma was associated with increased in-hospital survival in those with multifocal intracranial hemorrhage.
Low overhead correction scheme for unreliable LDPC buffering

Aggressive voltage overscaling (VOS) has been recently adopted to reduce the power consumption of embedded memories. While this affects reliability, several techniques have been developed to achieve reliable operation under aggressive VOS. In this paper, we present a comprehensive power-performance study of LDPC decoders enabling aggressive VOS to internal memories. We propose a correction scheme based on defect map insertion that maintains reliable LDPC decoder under aggressive VOS. The proposed scheme maintains the LDPC decoder performance while achieving a power saving of up to 21%.
Effects of herbaceous planting richness on water physicochemistry in created mesocosm wetlands

ABSTRACTIn this study, we investigated the effect of herbaceous planting richness on the physicochemical parameters of water temperature, pH, and dissolved oxygen in created wetlands. Mesocosms were planted with common wetland plants along a gradient from zero species to four species and observed over three growing seasons. Aboveground biomass was harvested after the second growing season to simulate disturbance. Planting richness was not found to directly influence any of the parameters. Instead, it seems that algae were more influential on observed changes to pH or dissolved oxygen than the macrophyte. Traditionally, monitoring of mitigation wetlands focuses on growth of macrophytes (e.g. cover percentage) and eschews the importance of the algal community in water quality function. Our results suggest that inclusion of simple, low-cost measures of water physicochemical parameters in mitigation site performance monitoring may contribute to a better assessment of ecosystem function development in newly cr...
Museum Science Teaching: Museum Educators’ Personal Epistemologies and Created Learning Experiences

Science museums are well known as informal science learning institutes. Most science museums employ docents to offer guided tours to school groups; thus, docents play a crucial role in science learning in the science museum context. According to social identity theory, in a specific social situation, people self-categorize (identify their own roles) and then adapt their behavior when interacting with others. In science museums, the identity of a docent includes personal science epistemology, because the docent role is to provide introductory science information to visitors. The docent selects information that he or she thinks is notable in science (a person’s thinking for knowledge) and presents the information in an appropriate manner (a person’s thinking for knowing). The beliefs and theories that people acquire regarding scientific knowledge and knowing constitute personal science epistemology. This study focused on 2 docents who adopted distinct personal science epistemologies for preparing an educational program at a natural history museum in Taiwan to determine how distinct epistemologies affect pedagogical practice. Data were collected multi-recourse during preparation and test teaching. Both docents prepared similar knowledge content and archaeological specimens for use in teaching, but they designed completely distinct learning activities.
Association of long-term patterns of depressive symptoms and attention/executive function among older men with and without human immunodeficiency virus.

Older HIV-infected men are at higher risk for both depression and cognitive impairments, compared to HIV-uninfected men. We evaluated the association between longitudinal patterns of depressive symptoms and attention/executive function in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected men aged 50+ years to understand whether HIV infection influenced the long-term effect of depression on attention/executive function. Responses to the Center for Epidemiologic Studies—Depression scale and attention/executive function tests (Trail Making Test Part B and Symbol Digit Modalities Test) were collected semiannually from May 1986 to April 2015 in 1611 men. Group-based trajectory models, stratified by HIV status, were used to identify latent patterns of depressive symptoms and attention/executive function across 12 years of follow-up. We identified three depression patterns for HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected men (rare/never 50.0 vs. 60.6%, periodically depressed 29.6 vs. 24.5%, chronic high 20.5 vs.15.0%, respectively) and three patterns of attention/executive function for HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected men (worst-performing 47.4 vs. 45.1%; average 41.9 vs. 47.0%; best-performing 10.7 vs. 8.0%, respectively). Multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess associations between depression patterns and worst-performing attention/executive function. Among HIV-uninfected men, those in the periodically depressed and chronic high depressed groups had higher odds of membership in the worst-performing attention/executive function group (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.45, 95% CI 1.04, 2.03; AOR = 2.25, 95% CI 1.49, 3.39, respectively). Among HIV-infected men, patterns of depression symptoms were not associated with patterns of attention/executive function. Results suggest that HIV-uninfected, but not HIV-infected, men with chronic high depression are more likely to experience a long-term pattern of attention/executive dysfunction.
[169-POS] : Elevated C-reactive protein contributes to preeclampsia via kinin signaling pathways

Objectives Despite intensive research, the pathogenesis of PE remains a mystery. Our study demonstrates a novel interaction between C-reactive protein (CRP) and Neurokinin B (NKB) leading to enhanced activation of the Neurokinin 3 receptor (NK3R). Methods Patient sera and placental tissue were obtained from Memorial Hermann Hospital, Houston, TX. CRP and NKB levels were quantified by ELISA and western blot in term sera and placentas. Coimmunofluorescence was used to colocalize CRP and NKB in placental trophoblast cells. To model PE, pregnant C57BL/6 mice were injected with CRP or with a NK3R antagonist, SB222200, on E13/14. Blood pressure was monitored via tail cuff. Proteinuria was measured via metabolic cage and ELISA on E17. Further verification of the role of the kinin system was undertaken by an in vivo siRNA knockdown of the NK3R and an enzyme involved in phosphocholination of NKB, PCYT1b. Results CRP, an acute phase reactant, was elevated 13-fold in sera and 2-fold in placentas of PE patients. To determine the role of elevated CRP in PE, we injected CRP into pregnant mice. Injection of CRP induced hypertension and proteinuria, indicating its direct role in PE. CRP is known to bind to phosphocholine on damaged cell membranes. NKB, a placentally-enriched peptide and PE-related pathogenic molecule, has been shown to be phosphocholinated, increasing its stability and enhancing NK3R activation. CRP and NKB were found to co-localize to the membrane of human placental trophoblast cells in terminal villi. Finally, in vivo evidence showed nanoparticle-encapsulated siRNA knockdown of NK3R and PCYT1b, and pharmacologic antagonism of NK3R significantly reduced CRP-induced hypertension (159.5 mmHg mean systolic CRP vs. ⩽139 mmHg CRP + treatment groups) and proteinuria in pregnant mice. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate that elevated CRP and NKB/NK3R signaling contribute to disease development. These findings reveal novel therapeutic targets and pathogenic biomarkers for PE. Disclosures N. Parchim: None. W. Wang: None. T. Iriyama: None. O.A. Ashimi: None. C. Liu: None. A.H. Siddiqui: None. S. Blackwell: None. B. Sibai: None. R.E. Kellems: None. Y. Xia: None.
Effect of feeding by a burrower bug, Pangaeus bilineatus (Say) (Heteroptera: Cydnidae), on peanut flavor and oil quality

A burrower bug, Pangaeus bilineatus (Say) (Heteroptera: Cydnidae), is known to feed extensively on peanut, Arachis hypogaea L., pods; particularly under certain reduced tillage production conditions. These bugs produce a strong odor when infested peanuts are uprooted, and previous anecdotal evidence indicated that burrower bug feeding is detrimental to peanut flavor. Various levels of burrower bug kernel feeding (0, 5, 10, 25, and 50% of seed by weight) were evaluated for effects on peanut flavor and oil quality. Burrower bug feeding had no detrimental effect on flavor as determined by trained panelists using descriptive sensory analysis. There was a slight, but measurable effect on oil quality as determined by a decrease in oxidative stability and an increase in peroxide values with increased levels of feeding. There was no measurable effect on free fatty acid content or fatty acid profile at the feeding levels tested. The data indicate that incidental feeding (<20% of seed) by this pest is unlikely to be detrimental to peanut flavor. At higher feeding incidence levels, the potential risks of direct yield loss, grade reductions, and aflatoxin contamination are of greater significance than concern for relatively minor reductions in oil quality.