cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Cluster Headache Phenotype (Never Smoker and No Parental Secondary Smoke Exposure as a Child): Results from the United States Cluster Headache Survey (P3.122)

Objective: To present results from the United States Cluster Headache Survey relating to a unique cluster headache phenotype- no personal tobacco exposure history and no secondary smoke exposure as a child. Background: The very rare non-tobacco exposed cluster headache (CH) sufferer has never been fully studied. If this phenotype presents differently than the tobacco exposed phenotype it may provide some clues to the underlying pathogenesis of CH. Design/Methods: The United States Cluster Headache Survey consisted of 187 multiple choice questions (patient demographics, headache characteristics, triggers and personal burden) related to CH. Results: 1134 individuals completed the survey. 133 responders or 12% of the population were non-tobacco exposed. There were 87 males (65%) and 46 females (28%) with a gender ratio of 1.9:1. Significant highlights: a. Age of Onset: CH began at age 20 years or younger in 46%; only 1.5% developed CH after the age of 51 years. b. Family History: 82% denied a family history of CH. Family history of migraine was noted in 65%. c. Head Trauma: Positive history noted in only 10%. c. Triggers: Only 38% noted that alcohol triggered a CH. Red wine 41%, beer 38% and hard liquor 35%. d. Caffeine usage: Almost half of the non-exposed responders utilized no caffeine (47%) e. Natural History: 68% started with episodic CH and remained with episodic CH, 14% started with episodic CH and transitioned to chronic, 10% began as chronic CH and remained chronic, 8% started with chronic CH but became episodic f. Cycle Characteristics: In 52% of responders their cycles varied during the year with no particular month a cycle would start. 48% had attacks between 7pm and 7am versus 52% between 7am and 7pm. Peak onset was 2am noted in 34%. g. Suicidal Ideations was noted in 43% and 1% tried to commit suicide. h. Disability from Headaches: 14% had lost a full-time job due to their headaches. 6% were out of work or were on work related disability secondary too their CH. i. Comparing Non–Exposed to Exposed Phenotypes in Same USA Population: Differences were noted in age of onset, family history of migraine, history of head trauma, risk of chronic CH, headache triggers, periodicity of attacks, suicidal ideation rates, disability from headaches. Conclusions: Non-tobacco exposed CH sufferers appear to present as a unique clinical phenotype. There are many similarities to the typical tobacco exposed patient but distinct differences exist. This newly defined phenotype may help to decipher how tobacco influences CH pathogenesis. Disclosure: Dr Rozen has nothing to disclose.
Expanding the Perisurgical Home to Improve Postoperative Pain Management and Reduce Opioid Consumption.

Following surgery, effective pain management is an important component of patient recovery and satisfaction. However, the conceptualization of pain as the fifth vital sign has led to a culture of drastic opioid overprescription.[1][1],[2][2] As pain scores and adequate pain management gained
Fractal solutions of dispersive partial differential equations on the torus

We use exponential sums to study the fractal dimension of the graphs of solutions to linear dispersive PDE. Our techniques apply to Schrodinger, Airy, Boussinesq, the fractional Schrodinger, and the gravity and gravity–capillary water wave equations. We also discuss applications to certain nonlinear dispersive equations. In particular, we obtain bounds for the dimension of the graph of the solution to cubic nonlinear Schrodinger and Korteweg–de Vries equations along oblique lines in space–time.
BSN Student Recruiters Significantly Increase Clinical Trial Enrollment in an Outpatient Setting

Background: Insufficient enrollment is a primary determinant of premature clinical trial closure. Nursing students enrolled in research-focused honors programs may be uniquely suited to address recruitment barriers. Aims: Explore the effects of BSN Honors student’s face-to-face recruitment on clinical trial enrollment in an oncology clinic setting. Methods: One-group pre/post design examined the efficacy face-to-face recruitment on enrollment in a nutrition-focused oncology clinical trial. Descriptive statistics summarized sample characteristics and t-tests/Man-Whitney U compared between-group differences. Enrollment percent change was calculated to determine intervention effectiveness. Results: No between group differences were observed between individuals who enrolled versus those who declined. In-person BSN nursing student recruitment resulted in a 77% increase across six weeks. Conclusions Nursing honors student recruitment was effective and well received by patients and clinical staff. Leveraging research application opportunities and undergraduate student nurse skill sets may provide a cost-effective strategy to reduce recruitment barriers and increase clinical trial target enrollment feasibility.
1961 Population regulation and genetic feedbacks

Abstract David Pimentel suggested that in addition to density-dependence and random environmental fluctuations, animal populations may be controlled by a genetic feedback mechanism with their food source.
Laparoscopic Repair of a Gastrocolocutaneous Fistula: Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy Placement Complications in Children.

Background: Gastrostomy tube placement (G-Tube) is a frequently offered procedure in children with feeding difficulties. Various procedures exist for G-Tube, with the pull technique more commonly u...
Internet of Things Data Collection Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles in Infrastructure Free Environments

With the immensity of distributed Internet of Things (IoT) devices and the exponential increase in data generated from a variety of IoT-driven smart-world applications, how to effectively provide data driven service supported by IoT has become a critical issue. While the state-of-the-art technologies have been developed and network infrastructures with high capabilities have been designed to deal with the data collection problem, there are still application scenarios, in which network infrastructure is not available or appropriate in large target areas (e.g., farmlands deployed with IoT sensors in operation, providing precise agriculture; emergency responder with IoT sensors, providing public safety service). To address the issue of efficiently collecting data from IoT devices deployed in large areas without pre-deployed network infrastructure, we formalize the problem space in a three-dimensional model that considers task, resource, and methodology. Based on the designed problem space, we propose a novel solution that deploys an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), as a critical next generation mobile network, to achieve intermittent IoT device connections and enable data collection based on delay tolerant network (DTN) protocol. The UAV flight path is determined using a Hilbert Curve-based path planning algorithm. Through a series of quantitative experiments, we validate the effectiveness of our approach in a network emulation environment, and confirm its advantages in comparison with several baseline approaches. The results of our research shows the capability of quality and cost control in IoT applications such as smart agriculture, public safety disaster recovery and rescue.
Patterns of tau pathology identified with 18 F-MK-6240 PET imaging.

Introduction Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging for neurofibrillary tau allows investigation of the in vivo spatiotemporal progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. We evaluated the suitability of 18 F-MK-6240 in a clinical sample and determined the relationships among 18 F-MK-6240 binding, age, cognition, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-based AD biomarkers. Methods Participants (n = 101, 72 ± 9 years, 52% women) underwent amyloid PET, tau PET, structural T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging, and neuropsychological evaluation. Twenty-one participants had lumbar puncture for CSF measurement of amyloid beta (Aβ)42 , tau, and phosphorylated tau (p-tau). Results 18 F-MK-6240 recapitulated Braak staging and correlated with CSF tau and p-tau, normalized to Aβ42 . 18 F-MK-6240 negatively correlated with age across Braak regions in amyloid-positive participants, consistent with greater tau pathology in earlier onset AD. Domain-specific, regional patterns of 18 F-MK-6240 binding were associated with reduced memory, executive, and language performance, but only in amyloid-positive participants. Discussion 18 F-MK-6240 can approximate Braak staging across the AD continuum and provide region-dependent insights into biomarker-based AD models.
Slow Modes of the Equatorial Waveguide

AbstractA recently developed linear model of eastward-propagating disturbances has two separate unstable modes: convectively coupled Kelvin waves destabilized by the wind dependence of the surface ...
Spectral CT Inspired Data Engineering for Colon Polyp Classification

Spectral CT works with multiple energy X-ray sources or energy recognized detector, which can obtain the attenuation map under different energy. Therefore, spectral CT can enhance the contrast between soft tissues and enrich the textures of colon polyps. In this paper, inspired by spectral CT, we proposed a novel data engineering method, which could prominently enhance colon polyp classification by the enriched tissue textures. 63 polyp volumetric CT images (31 benign and 32 malignant) were obtained from a clinical CT scanner with effective 75keV X-ray energy. All polyps were resected with pathology reports serving as ground truth. A linear scaling was used to simulate the CT spectral data in Hounsfield units from the 75 keV original CT images to five energy channels from 35keV to 75keV based on the attenuation-energy response curve of three tissue types (i.e. fat, water and cellular tissue). We investigated the classification performance on the five channel spectral data by both deep learning or CNN and Random Forest (RF). Three types of inputs were considered, one is the spectral raw CT images, one is the co-occurrence matrices (CMs) extracted from the CT images, and the third one is the Haralick features (HF) extracted from the CMs. In accordance, three classification model was investigated based on two classifiers of RF and CNN. Experimental results showed the AUC (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve) score was improved by 12.6%, 0.44% and 3.3% for the spectral images, CMs and HFs respectively on the five-energy spectral data comparing to the original 75kev data only. Difference images scheme among neighboring energy channels will further improve the AUC score to 17.4%, 3.6% and 4.5% respectively. Moreover, the CM- and HF-inputs can achieve the best AUC of 0.934 and 0.927.
Changes in self-reported and observed parenting following a randomized control trial of parent–child interaction therapy for the treatment of preschool depression

BACKGROUND Parenting in early childhood exerts substantial influence over children's emotional health and development. Using data from a randomized controlled trial of a novel treatment for early childhood depression, Parent-Child Interaction Therapy Emotion Development (PCIT-ED), we explored two broad dimensions of parenting (behavior and affect) to determine whether any changes could be detected following treatment when compared to those in a waitlist control condition. METHOD 229 caregiver-child dyads, 114 randomly assigned to PCIT-ED for preschool-onset depression, and 115 assigned to a waitlist completed two structured interaction tasks at baseline and post-treatment. Interactions were later coded by observer's blind to diagnostic and treatment status. RESULTS Greater reductions were found in self-reported negative parenting behaviors and observed negative affect and greater increases in self-reported positive parenting behaviors and observed positive affect among the caregivers in the treatment group. Increases in the overall positivity of the observed interactional style of caregivers, but no observed parenting behavior change was found following treatment. Discrepancies between self-reported and observed parenting were greater among caregivers on the waitlist. CONCLUSIONS Following PCIT-ED treatment, caregivers self-reported improvements in parenting practices and declines in punitive practices along with observed increases in positive affect and decreases in negative affect when interacting with their child. Moreover, coherence between self-reported and observed parenting was higher in the treatment group. These findings highlight the efficacy of PCIT-ED in improving parenting behaviors and the need to use multiple methods to assess parenting in treatment studies.
A Rare Case of Autoimmune Encephalitis in a Patient After Treatment of Metastatic Melanoma with a Combination of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Nivolumab and Ipilimumab (447)

Objective: We report a severe clinical case of a patient with autoimmune encephalitis attributed to immune checkpoint inhibitors nivolumab and ipilimumab. Our objective is to report clinical features and highlight the importance of considering the above immune inhibitors as a cause of encephalopathy. Background: A 76 year old male was diagnosed with malignant melanoma and treated with ipilimumab and nivolumab, presenting with four days of worsening confusion, bizarre behavior, aggression, and hallucinations. MRI brain showed chronic microvascular changes and mild diffuse volume loss, and MRA head showed no evidence of vasculitis or occlusion. Lumbar puncture showed protein 77, glucose 48, RBC 1, and WBC 18 (92% lymphs). CSF studies were negative for infections. Serum and CSF autoimmune encephalopathy studies were negative. cEEG showed FIRDA and moderate diffuse slowing but no seizure or epileptiform discharges. He was started on empiric treatment with IV methylprednisolone with considerable improvement within a few days. He was discharged on a slow prednisone taper. Immunotherapy treatment was not resumed. About 3 months later, he was readmitted, and repeat workup was unrevealing. Steroid dose was increased to methylprednisolone 80 mg daily, and he had complete resolution of symptoms within one week. Design/Methods: NA Results: NA Conclusions: The neurotoxicity of nivolumab and other PD1 inhibitors is rare and is largely defined by case reports. Here we present a case of autoimmune encephalitis, which is one such example that has been rarely reported in literature. Early recognition and treatment of these toxicities is essential for optimizing clinical outcomes in cancer patients. Clinical and historical features that may be useful in distinguishing autoimmune encephalopathy secondary to immune checkpoint inhibition from other types of encephalopathies include elevated CSF white blood cell count and protein, lack of fever, normal brain MRI, and exclusion of infectious and other inflammatory etiologies. Disclosure: Dr. Tadipatri has nothing to disclose. Dr. Tarzi has nothing to disclose.
Career-related peer mentoring: can it help with student development?

Pre-education majors sometimes struggle to integrate smoothly into the role of a teacher candidate. Providing them with cross-age peer support through career-related mentoring may give them confide...
Chronic fibrous teat end lesions of lactating dairy cows

During 1975 a study was carried out on 4 dairy herds (mainly Holstein-Friesians) in which 20-60% of the milking cows had fibrous teat end lesions with no obvious cause. Laboratory results for each herd are given on gross pathology of the teat, histopathology, virus isolation and serology, together with history and clinical observations. A viral etiology was suspected because it seemed that the lesion spread through the herd; however, this was not confirmed by the results. Teat dips were also another possible factor, but again this was not confirmed. Evaluation of milking equipment did not reveal any constant abnormality. It was thought that teat end trauma produced by over-milking may have been a causative factor.
Global Feminism at the Local Level: Criminal and Asylum Laws Regarding Female Genital Surgeries

This essay is one example of a Critical Race Feminist/Critical Race Theorist exploration of the impact of the implementation of international "law"--or norms through domestic legislation-on women of color at the local level. Global norms that have been hammered out at the international level by feminists of all nationalities are subject to complications and manipulations when these norms are implemented at the local level. While the specifics of these complications and manipulations will, of course, vary from locale to locale, in the United States inconsistencies and hypocrisies are two aspects of the array of reverberations that have been generated by the implementation of the global norm opposing female genital surgeries (FGS) in domestic laws.
­Solute Segregation Improves the High-Cycle Fatigue Resistance of Nanocrystalline Pt-Au

Fatigue-induced grain growth has been shown to drive high-cycle fatigue crack initiation in nanocrystalline metals. As a potential strategy to suppress such grain growth, particular solute additions are known to stabilize grain boundaries through both thermodynamic and kinetic mechanisms. In previous work, Au additions in nanocrystalline Pt were confirmed to stabilize grain boundaries against thermally-driven grain boundary migration, however the corresponding effect on fatigue resistance was unknown. The present work compared the high-cycle fatigue performance of stabilized Pt-10at%Au to reference pure Pt with a similar initial grain size, using a combination of ex-situ and in-situ scanning electron microscope fatigue tests. Ex-situ tests revealed that the Pt-10Au exhibits substantial improvement in overall fatigue life over Pt, including a 75% elevation of the fatigue endurance limit. The improvement was attributed to enhanced crack initiation resistance, since the Pt-10Au exhibited diminished resistance to crack propagation compared to Pt. Electron backscatter diffraction, transmission kikuchi diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy showed that the pure Pt exhibited extensive fatigue-induced abnormal grain growth, with the largest grains growing to 10 times the size of the initial grain size, whereas the Pt-10Au exhibited inhibited grain growth, with the largest grains growing by approximately a factor of two. This study provides clear evidence that thermodynamic strategies used to impart thermal stability can also contribute to improved high-cycle fatigue resistance via suppression of grain-growth induced crack initiation.
Can Novice Drivers Recognize Foreshadowing Risks as Easily as Experienced Drivers

Novice drivers (16 and 17 years old) are almost ten times more likely to be involved in motor vehicle fatalities as adults 45-55 (NHTSA 2002). Besides traffic signs and other traffic control devices, there are many cues that help drivers further predict the presence of a potential risk in the driving environment. These cues are called foreshadowing elements (e.g., a pedestrian walking towards a crosswalk). It was hypothesized that given that younger adults have much less experience on the roads, it is more difficult for them to predict where potential cues might be positioned when foreshadowing elements are not present. However, in the presence of foreshadowing elements it was predicted that novice drivers should recognize risks as well as more experienced drivers. This research uses eye movement data gathered on a driving simulator to evaluate the use and effectiveness of the foreshadowing elements by novice and experienced drivers as predictors of areas in a scenario where risks may materialize. The research has potential implications for the sorts of instructional programs that might be developed for novice drivers.
Understanding Aspects of Carbohydrate Quality in Rice Related to Differences in Gastric Emptying Rate

White rice is considered to have lower nutritional quality compared to brown rice due to the loss of its bran fiber during processing. However, components besides bran fiber that may improve the ph...
Sub-wavelength interference pattern from volume plasmon polaritons in a hyperbolic medium

Inside of a hyperbolic medium, the principal components of the permittivity tensor have opposite signs causing the medium to exhibit a ‘metallicbr’ type of response to light wave sin one direction, and a ‘dielectric’ response in the other. Our study shows that inside hyperbolic media, volume plasmon polaritons (VPPs) propagate along the characteristic planes, forming distinct, directionally dependent optical responses. This is similar to the propagation of conventional surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) along the planar interfaces separating the isotropic dielectrics and metallic slabs. Interestingly, the plasmon polariton propagates along the resonance cone in a volume of hyperbolic metamaterial crossing the interfaces of the constitutive materials. The Young's double-slit scheme is used to study the spatially-confined diffraction in a hyperbolic slab, made of many thin planar layers of a metal and dielectric, to obtain the sub-wavelength interference pattern at the output interface. Proof-of-concept systems for producing such patterns applicable to nanolithography and subwavelength probes are demonstrated.
Very High Frequency Range

The Very High Frequency (VHF) range extends from 30MHz to 300 MHz, which means that when a VHF sine-wave signal is observed on an oscilloscope, the trace completes from 30 to 300 million cycles each second. The wavelength and frequency of VHF signals has a profound impact on the hardware we build to use these frequencies. The 30 to 300MHz frequency range has been popular since radio engineers first discovered how to reliably generate and amplify VHF signals during the 1930s. The VHF range has significant advantages for some common applications over higher and lower frequency ranges. Keywords: VHF; Radio engineering; VHF Spectrum
Uncertain Dangers in Unlawful Detainers

This article discusses the nature of unlawful detainer actions in California and the difficulties they create on tenants’ ability to negotiate with landlords over honest disputes.
The Omniscient Eye: Satellite Imagery, "Battlespace Awareness," and the Structures of the Imperial Gaze

This paper explores the role of aerial and satellite imagery in the US military's command, control, and intelligence (C4I) systems, with an historical focus on the Persian Gulf War of 1991. Using satellite imagery for military intelligence and warfare is part of an ongoing effort in the US Department of Defense to make all cartographic and topographic space, and the objects in it, totally visible and "transparent," what the US military calls "total battlespace awareness." It is where imagery production is attached to concrete and purposive action in the abstract realm of "battlespace," an example of how the mundane and the monstrously violent intersect around the production of visual data and artefacts. Borrowing a metaphor from Paul Edwards, I suggest that satellite imagery can not only "open up" the world (making it transparent), but can also "close down" geographical space under a regime of surveillance and violent military control. The discursive power of aerial and satellite imagery is derived from its position as an objectifying transcendent gaze, above and beyond subjectivity (Donna Haraway's "God Trick"), and when these images are disseminated in the mass media as testaments to military prowess, they become visual representations of geographical domination (as in Denis Cosgrove's "Apollonian Eye"). In this sense, satellite imagery, photo reconnaissance, and imagery interpretation are rich sites and artefacts for exploring how power and national sovereignty turn on the visual.
Independencia sin insurgentes. El bicentenario y la historiografía de nuestros días

Este articulo busca, por una parte, caracterizar la historiografia actual sobre las guerras "mexicanas" de independencia —en particular la llamada nueva historia politica—. Por la otra, aspira a vincular esa historiografia con el clima social y politico en el que tuvo lugar la conmemoracion del bicentenario. En conjunto, el ensayo advierte el eclipse de la insurgencia popular del paisaje historiografico contemporaneo y sugiere que todavia hay algo importante que decir acerca de ella, lo mismo por razones historiograficas que politicas
Mechanism of physiologic versus pathologic ventricular hypertrophy process: Enhanced or depressed myosin ATPase activity and contractility governed by type, degree and duration of inciting stress

Types of hypertrophy, such as the normal development of the left ventricle of new-born lambs, induction of hypertrophy following administration of subhypertensive doses of norepinephrine, and hypertrophy where moderate pulmonic stenosis is the inciting stimulus, are all of a physiologic nature, i.e., cardiac function is elevated and K+ stimulated myosin ATPase activity is increased. The K+/EDTA stimulated myosin ATPase activity, used as an index of physiologic versus pathologic hypertrophy, may reflect alterations in myosin heavy chains since a large amount of light chains are in the dissociated state with this kinetic system. In experimental conditions where light-chain deficient-myosin was employed there was no corresponding decrease in myosin ATPase activity with the dissociation of light chains, irrespective of the cation activator utilized; there was however a decrease in the enzymatic activity of actomyosin with the loss of light chains. Furthermore, this decrease in actomyosin ATPase activity was partially restored with the reassociation of light chains with light-chain-deficient-myosin. Where excessive hypertrophy occurred, e.g., with moderate pulmonic stenosis, where the right ventricular free wall weight increased 100%, there was a decrease in cAMP content. This may result from the subsequent decrease in stress per sarcomere following massive hypertrophy. Where there was a lesser degree of hypertrophy, e.g., with mild pulmonic stenosis, creating a transitory 30% increase in right ventricular free wall weight, there was no subsequent decrease in cAMP content.
Leading-Edge Green Human Resource Practices: Vital Components to Advancing Environmental Sustainability

Sustainability requires employee dedication—and human resource departments have an important role to play
Do diurnal aerosol changes affect daily average radiative forcing

Strong diurnal variability of aerosol has been observed frequently for many urban/industrial regions. How this variability may alter the direct aerosol radiative forcing (DARF), however, is largely unknown. To quantify changes in the time-averaged DARF, we perform an assessment of 29 days of high temporal resolution ground-based data collected during the Two-Column Aerosol Project (TCAP) on Cape Cod, which is downwind of metropolitan areas. We demonstrate that strong diurnal changes of aerosol loading (about 20% on average) have a negligible impact on the 24-h average DARF, when daily averaged optical properties are used to find this quantity. However, when there is a sparse temporal sampling of aerosol properties, which may preclude the calculation of daily averaged optical properties, large errors (up to 100%) in the computed DARF may occur. We describe a simple way of reducing these errors, which suggests the minimal temporal sampling needed to accurately find the forcing.
A Stochastic Theory of Single Molecule Spectroscopy

A theory is formulated for time dependent fluctuations of the spectrum of a single molecule in a dynamic environment. In particular, we investigate the photon counting statistics of a single molecule undergoing a spectral diffusion process. Based on the stochastic optical Bloch equation, fluctuations are characterized by Mandel's $Q$ parameter yielding the variance of number of emitted photons and the second order intensity correlation function, $g^{(2)}(t)$. Using a semi-classical approach and linear response theory, we show that the $Q$ parameter can be described by a three-time dipole correlation function. This approach gene ralizes the Wiener-Khintchine formula that gives the average number of fluorescent photons in terms of a one-time dipole correlation function. We classify the time ordering properties of the three-time dipole correlation function, and show that it can be represented by three different pulse shape functions similar to those used in the context of nonlinear spectroscopy. An exact solution is found for a single molecule whose absorption frequency undergoes a two state random telegraph process (i.e., the Kubo-Anderson sudden jump process.) Simple expressions are obtained from the exact solution in the slow and fast modulation regimes based on appropriate approximations for each case. In the slow modulation regime $Q$ can be large even in the long time limit, while in the fast modulation regime it becomes small.
A fiber-based, slope adjustable filter for EDFA gain tilt control

We show that a parabolic filter function with an adjustable center wavelength provides the most efficient EDFA gain tilt control. We demonstrate excellent gain tilt functionality using a new programmable, fiber-based filter.
Biochemical techniques for the characterization of G-quadruplex structures: EMSA, DMS footprinting, and DNA polymerase stop assay.

The proximal promoter region of many human growth-related genes contains a polypurine/polypyrimidine tract that serves as a multiple binding site for Sp1 or other transcription factors. These tracts often contain a guanine-rich sequence consisting of four runs of three or more contiguous guanines separated by one or more bases, corresponding to a general motif known for the formation of an intramolecular G-quadruplex. Recent results provide strong evidence that specific G-quadruplex structures can be formed naturally by the G-rich sequence within these polypurine/polypyrimidine tracts of many human promoter regions, raising the possibility that the transcriptional control of these genes can be modulated by G-quadruplex-interactive agents. In this chapter, we describe three general biochemical methodologies, electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), dimethylsulfate (DMS) footprinting, and the DNA polymerase stop assay, which can be useful for initial characterization of G-quadruplex structures formed by G-rich sequences.
Abstract 4072: Overexpression of FOXO1 increased sensitivity to Tamoxifen in MCF7 cells, and is associated with estrogen receptor α (ERα) expression

Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC The transcription factor FOXO1, which belongs to the Forkhead family, plays an important role in promoting cellular apoptosis in cancer cells. Clinical data from our laboratory suggested that breast cancer subtypes vary in their FOXO1 expression, and this difference may contribute to differential response to drug therapy. Our goal is to investigate the mechanisms associated with FOXO1 expression and anti-estrogen therapy in ERα positive breast cancer cells (MCF7 cells). First, we examined the FOXO1 expression in different Akt transfected clones, and the results showed that FOXO1 expression decreased in MCF7/AA cells (active Akt), but significantly increased in MCF7/DN cells (dominant negative Akt). Next, we examined FOXO1 expression in the Tamoxifen resistant cells (MCF7/TAMR cells). FOXO1 expression decreased in MCF7/TAMR cells, compared to MCF7/wildtype cells. To further explore the association between FOXO1 expression and the response to Tamoxifen in MCF7 cells, we established FOXO1 overexpression clones (MCF7/FOXO1), and checked the cell growth rate under Tamoxifen treatment. The results showed that MCF7/FOXO1 cells had better response to Tamoxifen, when compared with the vector transfected cells (MCF7/pcDNA3). Since Tamoxifen is an antagonist of the ERα receptor, we examined the relationship between ERα and FOXO1. We used the ERα knockdown cells (MCF7/antisense hERα cells) as a model, and found the high Akt, but low FOXO1 expression in these cells. In summary, our study demonstrates that FOXO1 is inversely related to Akt and ERα and improves sensitivity of Tamoxifen treatment in MCF7 breast cancer cells. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4072.
Welcome to Systems - A New Interdisciplinary Open Access Journal for Systems Science and Engineering

Natural and human-made systems abound around us. Our solar system, the human body, the food chain, and ecosystems are some examples of natural systems. Some human-made systems are transportation systems, weapon systems, computer systems, software systems, satellite communications systems, ships, missile defense systems, health care systems, the internet, financial systems, and regional economies. Understanding of natural systems is essential to the survival of the human species, which is intertwined with the survival of other species on earth. Having the knowledge and ability to build human-made systems is critical to the employment of systems that effectively serve the needs of their users. To gain such understanding and to acquire such knowledge and ability, it is necessary that cutting-edge research in systems science, systems engineering, and systems-related fields continue. This open access journal aims to achieve quick and global dissemination of results of such research. [...]
Effect of pre-treatment of P32O4 solutions on uptake and release of P32 by erythrocytes.

SummaryThe release of phosphate from dog erythrocytes was about twice as fast when blood had been previously incubated with elec-trochromatographed orthophosphate rather than with P32O4 which had been acid-evaporated without previous electrochromatographic treatment. Similar inhibitory effects were observed in the uptake of phosphate by rabbit erythrocytes when an electrochromatographed phosphate solution was evaporated to dryness prior to use.
The Time-Course of Lexical Activation During Sentence Comprehension in People With Aphasia

Purpose To investigate the time-course of processing of lexical items in auditorily presented canonical (subject–verb–object) constructions in young, neurologically unimpaired control participants ...
Diabetes in pregnancy

IABETES MELLITUS (DM) is one of the most common medical problems of pregnancy. Approximately 2% to 3% of pregnancies in the United States are affected by diabetes; 90% of these cases represent gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Since the introduction of treatment programs emphasizing the importance of normalization of maternal glucose levels and better techniques to assess fetal well-being and maturity, fetal and neonatal mortality have now become uncommon events in those pregnancies complicated by DM. When diabetic women receive optimal care before and during gestation, the perinatal mortality rate is nearly equivalent to that observed in normal pregnancies. Although maternal mortality rates have improved greatly since the introduction of insulin, significant morbidity still exists, with many parturients developing hypoglycemia, diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH), and exacerbation of pre-existing nephropathy and retinopathy. CLASSIFICATION Diabetes is classified as type 1 (insulin dependent), which results from a reduction in insulin secretion, or type 2 (non-insulin dependent) in which there is a resistance to insulin in target tissue. Type 1 is generally considered to be an autoimmune disorder, whereas type 2 occurs mainly in obese people. In 1949, the Priscilla White classification system (Table 1), which is based on the age of onset and duration as well as the presence of certain vascular complications in pregnant women, was derived to estimate the degree of microvascular disease
Clinical Efficacy of Modified Inferior Meatal Mega-Antrostomy (Modified IMMA) Technique for Recalcitrant Chronic Isolated Maxillary Sinusitis

Received April 29, 2013 Revised July 8, 2013 Accepted July 23, 2013 Address for correspondence Min Jung Kim, MD Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Wallace Memorial Baptist Hospital, 298 Guseojungang 2-ro, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 609-728, Korea Tel +82-51-580-1350 Fax +82-51-514-2864 E-mail demi9300@nate.com Background and ObjectivesZZDespite aggressive medical therapy and previous endoscopic sinus surgery, there are a subset of patients suffering from recalcitrant, persistent chronic isolated maxillary sinusitis which results from impaired mucocilliary clearance caused by longstanding inflammation. The corresponding patients underwent our newly devised Modified Inferior Meatal Mega-Antrostomy (Modified IMMA). The objective of this study was to review the clinical efficacy and complication after Modified IMMA in patients who had suffered from intractable maxillary sinusitis after endoscopic sinus surgery. Subjects and MethodZZFourteen patients suffering from recalcitrant chronic isolated maxillary sinusitis underwent Modified IMMA between May 2010 and April 2013. The mean follow-up period was an average of about 13 months and regular intervals of postoperative 3-, 6-, 9-, 12-months were set. A retrospective review was performed to analyze the preoperative & postoperative Visual Analogue Scale score (VAS score) and Lund-Kennedy endoscopy score at each interval. VAS scores and endoscopic findings were processed statistically at the time of third postoperative month. The exclusion criteria were an obstructed ostiums, osteitis, systemic disease such as Ig A/G immunodeficiency, primary ciliary dyskinesia. ResultsZZThe postoperative VAS scores and Lund-Kennedy scores, when compared with those prior to Modified IMMA, decreased from 16.5 to 2.5 and 5.0 to 1.0, respectively. Also, there was no serious complication or recurrence associated with the procedures. ConclusionZZOur newly devised Modified IMMA could be a much effective option for surgical treatments in patients with recalcitrant chronic isolated maxillary sinusitis. Korean J Otorhinolaryngol-Head Neck Surg 2013;56:562-8
The Economic Design of p-Charts to Maintain Current Control of o Process: Some Numerical Results

For two initial process levels, po ′ = 0.01 and po ′ = 0.05, minimum cost p-charts are presented for 36 sets of cost data and three degrees of shift in the process mean. Minimum cost designs are also given for other special cases. Actually minimum cost designs are derived for np-charts and converted to p-charts. The degrees of shift are expressed as 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 multiples of the initial process standard deviation. This has some but not a full stabilizing effect. In general it is found that small shifts require larger samples taken less frequently, but generally with a lower overall intensity of sampling. It is also found that with rare exceptions charts designed to detect small shifts have acceptance limits of zero. The effects of variations in the cost parameters and in the rate of occurrence of the assignable cause are also presented in the paper and a brief comparison is made with a paper on p-charts by W. K. Chiu and another by D. C. Montgomery, J. F. Mance and R. G. Herkes.
Synthesis of DNA-like RNA in synchronized cultures of mammalian cells

Abstract 1. Cultures of KB cells, synchronized by excess thymidine treatment were used to study the synthesis of DNA-like RNA (D-RNA) and total RNA during the various periods of the mammalian cell cycle. The rate of incorporation of [8- 14 C]hypoxanthine into RNA was used as a measure of the rate of total RNA synthesis. D-RNA was assayed by the hybridization of 3 H-labeled RNA with DNA. 2. The results obtained indicate that D-RNA is a relatively constant fraction of the RNA synthesized at all times in the cell cycle. On the basis of this result, together with the observation that total RNA synthesis continues throughout interphase, it is concluded that D-RNA is synthesized during all 3 periods of interphase, G 1 , S and G 2 .
Cigarette smoking and inorganic dust in human lungs.

ABSTRACT Whole left lungs from 18 smokers and 16 nonsmokers were obtained at autopsy and studied to determine the severity of subclinical emphysema and elemental dust loads of aluminum and silicon. Lungs selected were from individuals with work histories in non-dusty occupations and were sex-and age-matched by decade. Whole lung Gough sections were studied and emphysema was graded on a 0 to 100 score. Concentrations of aluminum and silicon were determined in homogenized-lyophilized lung of all 34 cases by plasma emission spectrometry. In addition, histological sections from 9 pairs of age-matched smokers and nonsmokers were studied by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy in concert with semiquantitative x-ray spectrometric analysis of aluminum and silicon content in specific anatomical regions. The results of these studies indicate that aluminum and silicon concentrations increase in smokers with increased cigarette smoking. As expected, severity of pulmonary emphysema was associated with hea...
Allosteric modulation of NMDA receptor via elevation of brain glycine and D-serine: the therapeutic potentials for schizophrenia.

Abstract Ionotropic AMPA and NMDA glutamate receptors are ligand-gated ion channels that mediate fast synaptic transmission in the brain and play a crucial role in learning and memory. Dysfunction of these receptors is believed to be associated with a number of neuropsychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia. As direct activation of these ionotropic receptors can lead to excitoxicity, allosteric modulation of these receptors could minimize side-effects to achieve better therapeutic efficacy. Our review here focuses on the allosteric modulation of the NMDA receptor. Endogenous glycine and d -serine both act as co-agonists on the strychnine-insensitive GlyB site on the NMDA receptor, and along with glutamate, co-activate the NMDA receptor. Forebrain synaptic glycine and d -serine levels are regulated by the Glycine Transporter-1 (GlyT1) and the arginine–serine–cysteine transporter-1 (Asc-1), respectively; in addition to d -serine metabolism by d -Amino Acid Oxidase (DAAO). Together, these processes prevent the GlyB site from being saturated by the high extracellular levels of brain glycine, and perhaps d -serine, in vivo. Blockade of NMDA receptors by phencyclidine induces schizophrenia-like symptoms with the associated cognitive deficits. It was proposed that: a) blockade of GlyT1 mediated reuptake of glycine, or b) inhibition of d -amino Acid Oxidase, or Asc-1 will elevate brain glycine, and d -serine to upregulate NMDA receptor functions via glycine and d -serine co-agonistic allosteric modulation of the GlyB sites on the NMDA receptor. These approaches may provide novel treatments to schizophrenia, provided that some of the known adverse effects associated with existing GlyT1 agents can be safely and adequately dealt with.
Toward Administrative Diversity: An Analysis of the African-American Male Educational Pipeline

Using multiple national databases, this study examined African-American males throughout the educational pipeline, both as students and educational providers. Analyses of these databases provided a descriptive picture of African-American males' participation at each phase (e.g., high school completion, college enrollment, and doctoral degree completion), in comparison to White males', in an attempt to understand how this representation affects administrative diversity in higher and postsecondary education. The results suggest that in order to increase the representation of African-American males in academic administrative positions at colleges and universities, additional attention must be placed on each phase of the educational pipeline to increase the pool of eligible candidates.
Feasibility of Treating Post-Transplantation Minimal Residual Disease in Children with Acute Leukemia

Outcomes are poor for patients with hematologic malignancies who experience overt relapse after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT). Data on outcomes of post-transplantation minimal residual disease (MRD) are limited. In this single-institution, retrospective cohort analysis of children with acute leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome, we document the pattern of relapse with a primary focus on outcomes of post-transplantation MRD. Forty of 93 patients (43%) who underwent a first allogeneic HCT and had systematic pretransplantation and post-transplantation MRD evaluations at +30, +60, +90, +180 days and +1 and +2 years post-transplantation experienced relapse. The median time to relapse was 4.8 months post-transplantation, with a median survival of 4 months post-relapse. Despite frequent, systematic, routine post-HCT disease restaging evaluation, 31 patients (78%) presented with overt disease at the time of relapse. Seven patients with acute leukemia who had post-transplantation MRD presented at a median of 1 month post-transplantation. Owing to rapid disease progression or treatment-related mortality, there was no improvement in survival in those patients whose leukemia was detected in a state of MRD post-transplantation. Our results suggest that early intervention strategies targeting post-transplantation MRD for relapse prevention in acute leukemia may not be feasible.
Biogeochemical cycling in an organic-rich coastal marine basin: 10. The role of amino acids in sedimentary carbon and nitrogen cycling

Abstract Hydrolyzable amino acids were measured in cores and surface sediment samples collected over a 14 month period from the rapidly accumulating, anoxic sediments of Cape Lookout Bight, NC. The concentration of total hydrolyzable amino acids (THAAs) shows an exponential decrease with depth, in a manner similar to total organic carbon and total nitrogen. Carbon and nitrogen in THAAs averages 10–15% of the total organic carbon and 30–40% of the total nitrogen in these sediments (both on a mole/mole basis). In surface sediments the concentration of THAAs do not show strong seasonal variations, with the exception of a small apparent decrease during the winter months. Aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glycine and alanine are the most abundant individual amino acids in Cape Lookout Bight sediments. The distribution of individual amino acids in these sediments is very similar to that observed in the two major sources of organic matter, vascular salt marsh plants and marine plankton. The mole fractions of most amino acids show no depth variation in Cape Lookout Bight sediments. However the mole fractions of alanine and glutamic acid decrease with depth and the mole fraction of glycine increases with depth. These changes are attributed to the selective microbial utilization of alanine and glutamic acid, and the selective preservation of glycine in these sediments relative to other amino acids. Kinetic modelling of these data indicates that the deposition of amino acids to the surface of these sediments is 5.8 ± 1.0 mol· m−2· yr−1. Approximately 46 ± 16% of this input is remineralized in the upper 40 cm. The recycling of amino acids accounts for 82 ± 43% of the total nitrogen regeneration and 27 ± 11% of the regeneration of total organic carbon in these sediments. The mean residence time of metabolizable amino acids is approx. 9 months, a value which is comparable to the mean residence times of both metabolizable organic carbon and nitrogen in these sediments.