cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Necessary Trade-off for Semiclassical Electrodynamics: Accurate Short-Range Coulomb Interactions versus the Enforcement of Causality?

We investigate two key representative semiclassical approaches for propagating resonant energy transfer (RET) between a pair of electronic two-level systems (donor and acceptor) with coupled Maxwell–Liouville equations. On the one hand, when the electromagnetic (EM) field is treated classically and Coulomb interactions are treated quantum-mechanically, we find that a quantum–classical mismatch leads to a violation of causality, i.e., the acceptor can be excited before the retarded EM field arrives. On the other hand, if we invoke a classical intermolecular Coulomb operator, we find that the energy transfer in the near field loses quantitative accuracy compared with Forster theory, even though causality is strictly obeyed. Thus, our work raises a fundamental paradox when choosing a semiclassical electrodynamics algorithm. Namely, which is more important: Accurate short-range interactions or long-range causality? Apparently, one cannot have one’s cake and eat it too.
Endometrial Biopsy During a Cycle of Conception

Endometrial biopsies obtained from 18 infertile women during early intrauterine pregnancy were examined histologically. The cycle date on which the biopsies were obtained was determined from the day of ovulation by basal body temperature charts and prior menstrual history. The average cycle dates of the biopsies were similar for the women who delivered at term or who had first-trimester spontaneous abortions. Among the women who delivered at term, the average histologic date assigned to the specimens was significantly earlier than the average cycle date. In contrast, among the women who had early pregnancy loss, the specimens had an average histologic date significantly later than the average cycle date. A histologic date of later than 25 days or later than the cycle date of the biopsy was associated with a poor prognosis for the pregnancy.
Gemstones, Seal Stones, and Ceremonial Stones

Human beings have been fascinated by brightly colored minerals since prehistoric times. The earliest gemstones probably were found as small, polished pebbles lying in rivers and streams or in deposits of heavily weathered aggregates (Arem 1977). Initially, these objects may have been carried by hand or in small containers as highly prized personal possessions. Some were tied together or pierced for use as beads, and eventually adhesives were developed in order to secure the stones to metal settings.
Inhibition of nuclease activity in Bacillus subtilis following infection with bacteriophage SP82G.

Abstract The total nuclease activity of cell extracts of B. subtilis was characterized and shown to decrease following infection with bacteriophage SP82G. This inhibition was maximal at 6 minutes after infection at 37° and 9 minutes after infection at 33°. The bulk (80%) of the inhibition was chloramphenicol sensitive but a small part (20%) was shown to be chloramphenicol insensitive. Extracts from infected cells were shown to have decreased nuclease activity on a variety of substrates.
Mapping the Landscape of Support and Safety Among Sexual Minority Women and Gender Non-conforming Individuals: Perceptions After the 2016 US Presidential Election

As part of a larger online survey, we conducted an Internet-based study that included both qualitative and quantitative data from a national non-probability sample to examine how sexual minority women and gender non-conforming individuals described their experiences and concerns after the 2016 election. The current study explores responses in relation to local social and political climates. Quantitative analysis of survey responses (N = 969) examined changes in participant concerns relative to state policy context (number of positive policies offering equal rights and protections for LGBTQ communities) and size of community (e.g., urban and rural). Analysis of narrative responses to open-ended questions (n = 605) explored experiences and perceptions of safety and support relative to geographic location. Quantitative analyses showed no difference in levels of concern by size of community of residence and greater concerns among participants in higher equality states compared to those in negative equality states. Qualitative analyses revealed two broad categories of themes: perceptions of safety and support in the state, region or local context (safe havens and hostile locations), and strategies for navigating in the current or changing local social and political landscapes (hunkering down in safe places and with safe people, increasing vigilance and evasion, fleeing unsafe locations, and paving the road to a better future). Findings underscore the broad impact of national elections on perception of safety and civil rights at all levels of the social and political environments.
La elegancia del hombre vulgar: tango, consumo, cultura

Este articulo estudia un aspecto de las politicas del buen/mal gusto en el fin-desiecle en Argentina: la moda masculina de los sectores ligados al tango. Analizando un archivo de memorias, testimonios, trabajos cientificos y sociologicos sostengo que la aparicion de una industria de la moda masculina perturba zonas sensibles del imaginario social y que la cultura debate ampliamente sobre los efectos del consumode moda entre los hombres de los sectores socialmente bajos ligados al tango, la prostitucion, el margen. El articulo es, al mismo tiempo, un pequeno archivo de los discursos ligados al mal gusto.
Interactions of Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) With Skeletal Muscle Ryanodine Receptor Type 1

Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its metabolite dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) are ubiquitous in the environment and detected in tissues of living organisms. Although DDT owes its insecticidal activity to impeding closure of voltage-gated sodium channels, it mediates toxicity in mammals by acting as an endocrine disruptor (ED). Numerous studies demonstrate DDT/DDE to be EDs, but studies examining muscle-specific effects mediated by nonhormonal receptors in mammals are lacking. Therefore, we investigated whether o,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDT, o,p'-DDE, and p,p'-DDE (DDx, collectively) alter the function of ryanodine receptor type 1 (RyR1), a protein critical for skeletal muscle excitation-contraction coupling and muscle health. DDx (0.01-10 µM) elicited concentration-dependent increases in [3H]ryanodine ([3H]Ry) binding to RyR1 with o,p'-DDE showing highest potency and efficacy. DDx also showed sex differences in [3H]Ry-binding efficacy toward RyR1, where [3H]Ry-binding in female muscle preparations was greater than male counterparts. Measurements of Ca2+ transport across sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) membrane vesicles further confirmed DDx can selectively engage with RyR1 to cause Ca2+ efflux from SR stores. DDx also disrupts RyR1-signaling in HEK293T cells stably expressing RyR1 (HEK-RyR1). Pretreatment with DDx (0.1-10 µM) for 100 s, 12 h, or 24 h significantly sensitized Ca2+-efflux triggered by RyR agonist caffeine in a concentration-dependent manner. o,p'-DDE (24 h; 1 µM) significantly increased Ca2+-transient amplitude from electrically stimulated mouse myotubes compared with control and displayed abnormal fatigability. In conclusion, our study demonstrates DDx can directly interact and modulate RyR1 conformation, thereby altering SR Ca2+-dynamics and sensitize RyR1-expressing cells to RyR1 activators, which may ultimately contribute to long-term impairments in muscle health.
Importance of anal cytology and screening for anal dysplasia in individuals living with HIV with an emphasis on women.

Background The incidence of squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal has been increasing in high-risk populations. To the authors' knowledge, there is no international consensus regarding screening for squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal, but screening is commonly comprised of a Papanicolaou (Pap) test in combination with digital anorectal examination followed by high-resolution anoscopy if necessary. The current study focused on individuals living with HIV and particularly on women living with HIV. Methods In this 5-year retrospective study, the authors identified 5982 Pap tests, 1848 of which had follow-up biopsy within 6 months. The rate of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance was 42%, and approximately 38.1% of cases with this interpretation were diagnosed as high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions on follow-up biopsy. In addition, 82 women with anal cytology had long-term follow-up (>10 years) available. Results The authors investigated a relationship between cervicovaginal human papillomavirus (HPV) results, cervical pathology, CD4 T-cell count, and CD4/8 ratio with the anal cytology interpretation. A statistical correlation was noted between the CD4 count and the CD4/8 ratio and the presence of anal dysplasia. Nearly one-half of the women without cervicovaginal HPV positivity presented with anal dysplasia. Conclusions The results of the current study demonstrated that, among women living with HIV, screening for anal dysplasia should not be eschewed, regardless of lower genital tract pathology and/or HPV status. To the authors' knowledge, the current study is the largest reported retrospective anal cytology cohort in individuals living with HIV.
Should All Low-risk Patients Now Be Considered for TAVR? Operative Risk, Clinical, and Anatomic Considerations

This article reviews the current data on TAVR in low-risk patients with severe, symptomatic aortic stenosis, highlights the results of the recently published Medtronic Low Risk Randomized Study and PARTNER 3 trials, and describes specific clinical, anatomic, and procedural considerations regarding the optimal treatment choice in this population. In low-risk patients, the Medtronic Low Risk Randomized Study demonstrated TAVR to be non-inferior to surgery with respect to the composite endpoint of death or disabling stroke while PARTNER 3 trial proved TAVR to be superior to surgery with regard to the composite endpoint of death, stroke, or rehospitalization. Recent trials demonstrate the safety and efficacy of TAVR in low-risk patients and have led to an FDA indication for the use of TAVR in these patients. However, the lack of long-term data on the rate of transcatheter valve deterioration in the younger population, higher incidence of paravalvular leak and pacemaker implantation following TAVR, along with certain intrinsic anatomic factors remain potential challenges to generalize TAVR in all low surgical risk patients. We describe specific clinical, anatomic, and procedural considerations regarding the optimal treatment choice for low-risk patients with severe, symptomatic AS.
Lifespan of long-lived growth hormone receptor knockout mice was not normalized by housing at 30°C since weaning

Growth hormone receptor knockout (GHRKO) mice are remarkably long-lived and have improved glucose homeostasis along with altered energy metabolism which manifests through decreased respiratory quotient (RQ) and increased oxygen consumption (VO2 ). Short-term exposure of these animals to increased environmental temperature (eT) at 30°C can normalize their VO2 and RQ. We hypothesized that increased heat loss in the diminutive GHRKO mice housed at 23°C and the consequent metabolic adjustments to meet the increased energy demand for thermogenesis may promote extension of longevity, and preventing these adjustments by chronic exposure to increased eT will reduce or eliminate their longevity advantage. To test these hypotheses, GHRKO mice were housed at increased eT (30°C) since weaning. Here, we report that contrasting with the effects of short-term exposure of adult GHRKO mice to 30°C, transferring juvenile GHRKO mice to chronic housing at 30°C did not normalize the examined parameters of energy metabolism and glucose homeostasis. Moreover, despite decreased expression levels of thermogenic genes in brown adipose tissue (BAT) and elevated core body temperature, the lifespan of male GHRKO mice was not reduced, while the lifespan of female GHRKO mice was increased, along with improved glucose homeostasis. The results indicate that GHRKO mice have intrinsic features that help maintain their delayed, healthy aging, and extended longevity at both 23°C and 30°C.
Features associated with radar micro-Doppler signatures of various human activities

Publisher’s Note: This paper, originally published on 21 May 2015, was replaced with a corrected/revised version on 2 September, 2015 (corrected data in tables 3 and 4). If you downloaded the original PDF but are unable to access the revision, please contact SPIE Digital Library Customer Service for assistance. This paper presents the results of our experimental investigation into the radar micro-Doppler signatures (MDS) of various human activities both in free-space and through-wall environments. The collection of MDS signatures was divided into two categories: stationary and forward-moving. Each category of MDS signatures encompassed a variety of movements associated with it, adding up to a total of 14 human movements. Using a 6.5-GHz C-band coherent radar, the MDS of six human subjects were gathered in free-space and through-wall environments. The MDS for these cases were analyzed in detail and the general properties of the signatures were related to their associated phenomenological characteristics. Based upon the MDS, specific features for designing detectors and classifiers of human targets performing such movements are extracted.
Chapter 51 – Coevolution

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses coevolution, which is the joint evolution of two or more species or genomes, owing to interactions between them. These interactions include interspecific competition, mutualism, and interactions between consumers and victims, as well as other interactions such as mimicry. Quantitative genetic models of the evolution of competitors assume that in each of two or more species, a heritable, continuously varying trait, such as an animal's body size or mouth size, determines the mean and variance of resources consumed. When the consumer feeds on multiple species of victims, or a victim is attacked by multiple consumer species, diffuse coevolution may affect the outcome. For example, if there exists a negative genetic correlation between a host's resistances to different species of parasites, then resistance to each carries a cost, selection will vary in time and space, depending on the relative abundance of the two parasites, and resistance to each parasite is constrained. The evolution of interactions between hosts and parasites can differ from predator–prey interactions in several respects.
Unconditional Lower Bounds for Adaptive Massively Parallel Computation

We consider unconditional lower bounds in the Adaptive Massively Parallel Computation (AMPC) model introduced by Behnezhad et al. (SPAA 19), which is an adaptive variant of the Massively Parallel Computation (MPC) model. Our first contribution is an optimal lower bound on the round complexity of distinguishing whether an input graph is a cycle of length n or two cycles of length n/2. This problem, 1v2-CIRCLE, has emerged as a central problem in the study of modern massively parallel computation. We prove that any AMPC algorithm for the 1v2-CIRCLE problem with I/O capacity O(ne) per machine requires Ω(1/e) rounds, matching the upper bound of Behnezhad et al. More generally, we develop an abstract framework for proving lower bounds in the AMPC model using techniques from Boolean function complexity. Our framework extends the polynomial method of Roughgarden et al. (JACM 18) for the MPC model in two dimensions: [o] Adaptivity, where machines can write to and adaptively read from shared memory throughout the execution of the computation. [o] Promise problems, where the algorithm only has to succeed on certain inputs. These inputs may have special structure that is of particular interest, or they may be representative of hard instances of the overall problem.
COVID-19 indoor exposure levels: An analysis of foot traffic scenarios within an academic building

Minimizing all aspects of COVID-19 exposure is a high priority as universities prepare to reopen. One of those aspects includes developing protocols for interior spaces such as academic buildings. This paper applies mathematical modeling to investigate different virus exposure levels due to traffic patterns within academic buildings. The assumption used are: 1) Risk of infection is a product of exposure rate and time and 2) the exposure rate decreases with distance. One-way vs. two-way pedestrian traffic scenarios within hallways were modeled and analyzed for various configurations. The underlying assumption that a small exposure to a large number of people is similar to a large exposure to a few people is the driver to minimize exposures levels in all aspects. The analysis indicates that minimizing the time spent in passing between classes is the driving factor in minimizing risk, and one-way traffic may increase the time required to pass between classes. While the case presented is limited, the modeled approaches are intended to provoke future research that can be extended and applied to larger populations to help provide decision makers with more rigorous tools to shape future policies regarding traffic flow within buildings.
Humanizing the Journey Across the Mexico–U.S. Border: Multimodal Analysis of Children’s Picture Books and the Restorying of Latinx (Im)migration

In response to current anti-immigration rhetoric and policy coming from national leadership, the authors engage in multimodal analysis of picture books that humanize individuals who make the journey across the Mexico–U.S. border. Findings suggest that picture book narratives restory anti-immigrant sentiments by (1) placing the child at the center of the story, (2) demonstrating the way in which the (im)migration journey is a shared journey, and (3) featuring expressions of tenderness among the characters. The article emphasizes the importance of elevating young people’s perspectives on Latinx (im)migration through children’s literature.
The impact of sport specialisation on the lived experience and development of collegiate softball players

Many athletes see sport specialisation as a strategy for further leveraging their athletic talent and improving their chances of admission and scholarship to highly selective colleges and universit...
Imaging the Infant or Child with an Abnormal Head Circumference.

1. Terry L. Levin, MD, FACR* 2. Einat Blumfield, MD* 1. *Department of Radiology, Children’s Hospital at Montefiore, Bronx, NY The assessment of an infant or child with an abnormal head circumference commonly includes imaging of the head with neurosonography, computed tomography (CT), or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The choice of imaging modality depends on the patient's age, presentation, clinical condition, and suspected underlying abnormality. Macrocephaly, a head circumference more than 2 SD above the mean, or more than the 98th percentile for patient age, is a nonspecific finding. It may reflect benign enlargement of the subarachnoid spaces or may herald a significant intracranial abnormality: an extra-axial collection, a hydrocephalus, or a developmental, metabolic, neoplastic, posttraumatic, or infectious etiology. Microcephaly, a head circumference more than 2 SD below the mean, or less than the third percentile for patient age, may be primary or secondary, acquired or genetic. Common causes include chromosomal abnormalities, intrauterine infection, intrauterine ischemia, maternal exposure to drugs and toxins, perinatal or postnatal brain injury, and craniosynostosis. Reduced brain volume and intellectual disability frequently accompany microcephaly. Neurosonography is the initial imaging modality of choice when assessing a neonate or young infant with abnormal head circumference. Neurosonography is portable, readily available, cost-effective, and easily performed in preterm and term neonates as well as older infants with an open fontanelle. It allows rapid evaluation of suspected intracranial abnormalities without sedation or the use of ionizing radiation. Neurosonographic images are obtained using the anterior fontanelle as an acoustic window (typically in infants younger than 6 months) in the coronal and axial planes. Imaging through the mastoids or posterior fontanelle provides improved visualization of the posterior cerebrum and posterior fossa. Abnormalities seen on initial imaging can be assessed with serial studies, particularly …
Siblings Caring for Their Parents Across Europe: Gender in Cross-National Perspective

After spouses, children, especially daughters, are the most common source of elder care. We focus on sibling sets to examine the gender gap in caregiving labor for parents in a range of European countries. Using Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement (SHARE) Wave 6 (2015) data, we examine how brothers and sisters divide care, how that division varies across four welfare regimes—Social Democratic, Christian Democratic, Mediterranean, and Eastern European, and what social factors shape this division of labor. We examine separately any care provided by non-resident adult children as well as more intense, at least weekly care provided by either coresident or non-coresident children. We control for a wide range of child, sibship set, and parental characteristics and show, first, that daughters are more likely than sons to provide care of any frequency/intensity in Christian Democratic and Mediterranean countries, while there is no significant gender gap in Eastern European countries and even a gap favoring sons in the Social Democratic cluster. Second, examining frequent/intense care, we find that daughters are more likely to provide such care than sons in Christian Democratic, Mediterranean, and Eastern European countries, while the gender gap is non-significant in Social Democratic countries. Welfare regime explains most of the cross-national variation in gender gaps in intense care, highlighting the value of the welfare regime framework in studying gender gaps in caregiving. Cross-national variation in sibling division of caregiving labour demonstrates the power of social context to shape what some previously argued is an essential/invariant gender divide.
Salmonella Genomics and Population Analyses Reveal High Inter- and Intraserovar Diversity in Freshwater.

ABSTRACT Freshwater can support the survival of the enteric pathogen Salmonella, though temporal Salmonella diversity in a large watershed has not been assessed. At 28 locations within the Susquehanna River basin, 10-liter samples were assessed in spring and summer over 2 years. Salmonella prevalence was 49%, and increased river discharge was the main driver of Salmonella presence. The amplicon-based sequencing tool, CRISPR-SeroSeq, was used to determine serovar population diversity and detected 25 different Salmonella serovars, including up to 10 serovars from a single water sample. On average, there were three serovars per sample, and 80% of Salmonella-positive samples contained more than one serovar. Serovars Give, Typhimurium, Thompson, and Infantis were identified throughout the watershed and over multiple collections. Seasonal differences were evident: serovar Give was abundant in the spring, whereas serovar Infantis was more frequently identified in the summer. Eight of the ten serovars most commonly associated with human illness were detected in this study. Crucially, six of these serovars often existed in the background, where they were masked by a more abundant serovar(s) in a sample. Serovars Enteritidis and Typhimurium, especially, were masked in 71 and 78% of samples where they were detected, respectively. Whole-genome sequencing-based phylogeny demonstrated that strains within the same serovar collected throughout the watershed were also very diverse. The Susquehanna River basin is the largest system where Salmonella prevalence and serovar diversity have been temporally and spatially investigated, and this study reveals an extraordinary level of inter- and intraserovar diversity. IMPORTANCESalmonella is a leading cause of bacterial foodborne illness in the United States, and outbreaks linked to fresh produce are increasing. Understanding Salmonella ecology in freshwater is of importance, especially where irrigation practices or recreational use occur. As the third largest river in the United States east of the Mississippi, the Susquehanna River is the largest freshwater contributor to the Chesapeake Bay, and it is the largest river system where Salmonella diversity has been studied. Rainfall and subsequent high river discharge rates were the greatest indicators of Salmonella presence in the Susquehanna and its tributaries. Several Salmonella serovars were identified, including eight commonly associated with foodborne illness. Many clinically important serovars were present at a low frequency within individual samples and so could not be detected by conventional culture methods. The technologies employed here reveal an average of three serovars in a 10-liter sample of water and up to 10 serovars in a single sample.
Consistent ultra-long DNA sequencing with automated slow pipetting

Oxford Nanopore Technologies’ instruments can sequence reads of great length. Long reads improve sequence assemblies by unambiguously spanning repetitive elements of the genome. Sequencing reads of significant length requires the preservation of long DNA template molecules through library preparation by pipetting reagents as slowly as possible to minimize shearing. This process is time-consuming and inconsistent at preserving read length as even small changes in volumetric flow rate can result in template shearing. We have designed SNAILS (Slow Nucleic Acid Instrument for Long Sequences), a 3D-printable instrument that automates slow pipetting of reagents used in long read library preparation for Oxford Nanopore sequencing. Across six sequencing libraries, SNAILS preserved more reads exceeding 100 kilobases in length and increased its libraries’ average read length over manual slow pipetting. SNAILS is a low-cost, easily deployable solution for improving sequencing projects that require reads of significant length. By automating the slow pipetting of library preparation reagents, SNAILS increases the consistency and throughput of long read Nanopore sequencing.
Single-cell DNA targeted sequencing (scDNA-seq) to test therapeutic vulnerabilities in urothelial cancer (UC) patient-derived organoids (PDO).

464Background: Genomic alterations in FGFR3, PIK3CA, and CDKN2A are common actionable targets in urothelial cancer (UC). We aimed to determine the efficacy of alpelisib, a PIK3CA inhibitor, and abe...
Optical properties of stoichiometric lithium niobate fabricated by vapor transport equilibration

It has been known for over two decades that the birefringence of stoichiometric LiNbO3 is higher than that of congruent LiNbO3. This allows phase matching at higher temperatures or for shorter wavelengths. The usefulness or stoichiometric LiNbO3 is limited by inhomogeneous growth due to incongruent melting. The vapor phase equilibration technique1 allows any composition, including stoichiometric, to be fabricated with excellent homogeneity. We report here measurements of the optical properties of crystals at the lithium-rich phase boundary. The crystals noncritically phase match for SHG of 1.064-µm radiation at 238°C and for wavelengths as short as 488 nm at room temperature.
Development of a Pavement Evaluation Tool Using Aerial Imagery and Deep Learning

AbstractThis paper presents the research results of using Google Earth imagery for visual condition surveying of highway pavement in the United States. A screenshot tool is developed to automatical...
A Comparison of Cache Replacement Algorithms for Video Services

The increasing demand for video services has made video caching a necessity to decrease download times and reduce Internet traffic. In addition, it is very important to store the right content at the right time in caches to make effective use of caching. An informative decision has to be made as to which videos are to be evicted from the cache in case of cache saturation. Therefore, the best cache replacement algorithm is the algorithm which dynamically selects a suitable subset of videos for caching, and maximizes the cache hit ratio by attempting to cache the videos which are most likely to be referenced in the future. In this paper we study the most popular cache replacement algorithms (OPT, CC, QC, LRU-2, LRU, LFU and FIFO) which are currently used in video caching. We use simulations to evaluate and compare these algorithms using video popularities that follow a Zipf distribution. We consider different cache sizes and video request rates. Our results show that the CC algorithm achieves the largest hit ratio and performs well even under small cache sizes. On the other hand, the FIFO algorithm has the smallest hit ratio among all algorithms.
Adipocyte-specific deletion of lamin A/C largely models human familial partial lipodystrophy type 2.

Mechanisms by which autosomal recessive mutations in Lmna cause familial partial lipodystrophy type 2 (FPLD2) are poorly understood. To investigate the function of lamin A/C in adipose tissue, we created mice with an adipocyte-specific loss of Lmna (LmnaADKO). Although LmnaADKO mice develop and maintain adipose tissues in early postnatal life, they show a striking and progressive loss of white and brown adipose tissues as they approach sexual maturity. LmnaADKO mice exhibit surprisingly mild metabolic dysfunction on a chow diet, but on a high-fat diet they share many characteristics of FPLD2 including hyperglycemia, hepatic steatosis, hyperinsulinemia, and almost undetectable circulating adiponectin and leptin. Whereas LmnaADKO mice have reduced regulated and constitutive bone marrow adipose tissue with a concomitant increase in cortical bone, FPLD2 patients have reduced bone mass and bone mineral density compared with controls. In cell culture models of Lmna deficiency, mesenchymal precursors undergo adipogenesis without impairment, whereas fully differentiated adipocytes have increased lipolytic responses to adrenergic stimuli. LmnaADKO mice faithfully reproduce many characteristics of FPLD2 and thus provide a unique animal model to investigate mechanisms underlying Lmna-dependent loss of adipose tissues.
Comparing expert versus general public rationale for death penalty support and opposition: Is expert perspective on capital punishment consistent with “disciplined retention”?:

The author compared American criminologists’ stated reasons for death penalty support or opposition with those of the general public as reported by Gallup pollsters. While experts were overwhelming...
Scaling the discrete Fourier transform gate in the quantum frequency processor

We show that the d-dimensional discrete Fourier transform can be implemented by adding RF harmonics to the applied modulation in a quantum frequency processor. Implementing the d = 3 case experimentally, we quantify entanglement and perform full quantum state tomography.
Abstract MP22: Dietary Salt Restriction And High Salt Intake Exaggerate Sympathetic Reflexes And Sensitize Central Autonomic Networks: Potential Mechanisms Of The J-shaped Curve

Observational cohort studies suggest that severe salt restriction increases cardiovascular morbidity/mortality, and the relationship between cardiovascular morbidity and dietary salt intake resembl...
Human Rights Violations Through Structural Violence: A Case Study of Human Rights Education in New York City:

A major area of critical scholarship within human rights education (HRE) aims to discover HRE’s revolutionary potential by questioning its relationship to the global human rights regime. However, t...
Popliteal Node Dissection

The popliteal space is bound superiorly by the hamstring muscles and inferiorly by the two heads of the gastrocnemius. The popliteal nodes, about six in number, are located in the space behind the knee joint. Apparently, this group drains only a small area of the skin of the posterior calf, and it rarely becomes involved by metastatic malignant neoplasm of the skin. A positive sentinel node in this area, or palpably involved nodes, may require popliteal node dissection. In these patients, the inguinal nodes also may be involved by metastatic disease, and in-transit lesions may be present. Even then, however, resection of the involved tissues may be indicated, if there is no evidence of distant hematogenous dissemination that cannot be surgically resected. The vast majority of these patients do relapse unless there is evidence of low biologic aggressiveness of the melanoma as in patients with a long disease-free interval between the diagnosis of the primary lesion and a regional recurrence. For patients with multiple in-transit lesions, the technique of isolation hyperthermic perfusion may be preferable to control the disease in the lower extremity.
Normal and altered phenotypic expression of immunoglobulin genes.

Genetically controlled intraspecific differences between immunoglobulins (allotypes) provide valuable markers for the study of the quantitative expression of allelic and nonallelic alternative forms of immunoglobulins (Igs) during the normal development of rabbits. Heterozygous rabbits are mosaics of cells expressing different Ig-genes since fully differentiated productive cells generally secrete only one of alternative forms of Ig. The proportions of cells that differentiate to produce allelic forms of immunoglobulins during normal development depend on the particular heterozygous genotype. The normal proportions of some markers can be drastically altered if the differentiation of lymphoid cells in the young rabbit occurs in a milieu of antibody specific for one form (allotype suppression). An initiating step in the establishment of persistent allotype suppression is probably the interaction of antiallotype antibody with allotype-bearing receptors on lymphoid cell surfaces, but the mechanism for the maintenance of a state of chronic suppression may well be more complex. Allotype suppression can be viewed as one example of numerous immunological phenomena that reflect specific and finely tuned regulatory mechanisms governing the differentiation and clonal expansion of lymphoid cells destined to secrete immunoglobulins.—Mage, R. G. Normal and altered phenotypic expression of immunoglobulin genes. Federation Proc. 34: 40–46, 1975.
Runtime Adaptation of an Iterative Linear System Solution to Distributed Environments

Distributed cluster environments are becoming popular platforms for high performance computing in lieu of single-vendor supercomputers. However, the reliability and sustainable performance of a cluster are difficult to ensure since the amount of available distributed resources may vary during the application execution. To increase robustness, an application needs to have self-adaptive features that are invoked at the runtime. For a class of computationally-intensive distributed scientific applications, iterative linear system solutions, we show a benefit of the adaptations that change the amount of local computations based on the runtime performance information. A few strategies for efficient exchange of such information are discussed and tested on two cluster architectures.
A New Simplified Technique for Pediatric Anorectal Manometry

Using a new simple technique that is well tolerated and rapid for assessing anal sphincter functions in pediatric patients with fecal incontinence and constipation, 86 patients with varying degrees of anorectal dysfunction were tested. A microtip pressure transducer was used for recording anal sphincter responses to rectal balloon distension. Results were obtained within 15 to 30 minutes. In 17 patients, the internal anal sphincter showed no response or positive spike to balloon distension, consistent with the manometric diagnosis of aganglionic megacolon. These findings were confirmed by absence of ganglion cells on rectal biopsy. Sixty-nine children had normal internal sphincter relaxation to rectal distension. Ganglion cells were present in nine biopsy specimens. In the remaining 60 patients, no further workup of aganglionosis was necessary. There were no false-positive or false-negative results. This technique has proved to be effective for initial evaluation of infants and children with constipation and encopresis.
PRACTITIONERS' CORNER: A Comparison of Covariance Estimators for Complete and Incomplete Panel Data Models†

A fixed effects panel model with randomly missing data is considered. The incomplete data are characterized as a set of blocks of complete data. A covariance (CV) estimator for the incomplete data is developed. It is a linear combination of the CB estimators of each of the complete blocks, with weights inversely proportional to their respective variances. It is efficient relative to several possible complete data CV estimators which can be used on the truncated data. Efficiency comparisons are also made between the selection of complete data CV estimators. The asymptotic behavior of the incomplete data CV estimator is investigated using two possible characterizations of a large sample; first, the number of individuals increasing in each block of fixed time dimension, and second, the number of blocks increasing with the time and cross-section dimensions fixed in each block. The incomplete data CV estimator is extended to allow for fixed time effects. Copyright 1991 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Fast sequential least-squares processing

A fast algorithm with reduced memory requirements for updating in time the covariance autoregressive model of a time series with constant memory is proposed. The "algorithm is derived using elementary linear algebra concepts and manipulations and is based on the special structure of the covariance matrix characterizing the underlying linear equations. The algorithm is extended to updating the all-zero (or all-pole) least-squares model of a system, computed from its input and output signals.
Progestin Receptor Immunoreactivity Within Steroid‐Responsive Vasopressin‐Immunoreactive Cells in the Male and Female Rat Brain

Progestin receptor immunoreactivity is found in the same regions of the bed nucleus of stria terminalis (BST) and centromedial amygdala (CMA) as steroid-responsive vasopressin immunoreactive (AVP-ir) cells. To test whether AVP-ir cells express progestin receptors, brains of male rats were stained immunocytochemically for arginine vasopressin as well as progestin receptors. In BST and CMA, over 95% of AVP-ir cells contained progestin receptor immunoreactivity. In contrast, none of the AVP-ir cells in the suprachiasmatic, supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei expressed progestin receptor immunoreactivity. To study whether progestin receptor expression in AVP-ir cells in the BST and CMA is responsive to gonadal steroids, male and female rats were castrated and implanted with either empty capsules or capsules filled with testosterone or oestradiol, respectively. Ten days later, brains were processed for AVP and progestin receptor immunoreactivity. Although there was no effect of hormonal status on the percentage of colocalized cells, the level of progestin receptor immunoreactivity was higher in rats that received gonadal steroids than those that did not. The presence of progestin receptor immunoreactivity in steroid responsive AVP-ir cells, and the responsiveness of this expression to gonadal hormones, is consistent with the possibility that the effects of gonadal steroids on AVP-ir expression in the BST and CMA may be mediated at least in part by progestin receptors.
Analysis of Field Devices Used in Industrial Control Systems

A significant portion of the critical infrastructure relies on the proper operation of industrial control system (ICS) field devices. Unfortunately, security solutions for ICS field devices have not progressed sufficiently to address emerging threats. A primary shortfall is the ability to identify device components and analyze their lower level functionality. This paper describes the results obtained from hardware tear-downs of ICS field devices. The results demonstrate the ability to identify key components, analyze device firmware and examine backplane protocols – all necessary steps for the dynamic analysis and development of automated security solutions.
Acyclovir derivatives and other new antiviral agents

Abstract Only in recent years has the field of antiviral therapy come of age. Despite tremendous advances in the treatment of bacterial infections from the 1940s through the 1960s, therapeutic interventions for viral diseases largely eluded medical researchers during this same period. The primary reason for this failure rested in the belief that the molecular mechanisms of viral and cellular nucleic acid replication and protein synthesis were so closely intertwined that one could not disable viral replication without severely damaging the host cell. The discovery of acyclovir, with its initial activation using the virus-encoded thymidine kinase, dispelled this belief and ushered in the increasingly rapid advances in antiviral therapies that have been experienced during the past 20 years. This article discusses all antiviral compounds licensed by the Food and Drug Administration during the past decade, with the exception of compounds that treat influenza and human immunodeficiency virus infections. Copyright © 2001 by W.B. Saunders Company
Low pressure chemiluminescent reaction of molecular fluorine with dimethyl sulfoxide and the effects of added oxygen

Abstract The spectra from the chemiluminescent reaction of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) with molecular fluorine have been studied at pressures below 1 Torr. The spectra were examined for changes occurring upon variation of the reactant partial pressures, substitution of deuterated DMSO and the coaddition of molecular oxygen. In the wavelength region 4500–8800 A, the spectra are dominated by emission from HCF (A) or DCF (A) at high F 2 concentrations or by emission from CH 2 S (a) or CD 2 S (a) at low F 2 concentrations. Emission from vibrationally excited HF is observed in the hydrogen system but DF is not observed in the deuterium system. Fluorescence and phosphorescence from SO 2 are observed between 2700 and 4500 A. A weak set of emission bands near 2600 A is tentatively assigned to SO(A). The addition of O 2 leads to the production of intense emission from OH(A) or OD(A) in the reactions of DMSO-h 6 or DMSO-d 6 respectively. The addition of O 2 to the DMSO-d 6 —F 2 system leads to the production of intense chemiluminescence from CD 2 O, while CH 2 O was totally absent in the analogous reaction of the hydrogen-containing compound. Mechanisms for the formation of the emitters are proposed based on this and previous work.
Studies on the behavioral activation produced by stimulation of GABAB receptors in the median raphe nucleus

Injections of the GABAB agonist baclofen into the median raphe nucleus (MR) resulted in marked hyperactivity and in increases in food and water intake by non-deprived animals. The locomotor effects of baclofen were stereospecific and could be antagonized by coinjection of the GABAB antagonist 2-hydroxysaclofen. Hyperactivity was produced by lower doses of baclofen, at shorter latencies, when the drug was injected into the MR than when it applied to the dorsal raphe nucleus (DR) or the ventral tegmental area (VTA). The locomotor response to intra-MR baclofen was unaltered in animals pretreated with the serotonin synthesis inhibitor p-chlorophenylalanine. Finally, intra-MR injections of baclofen produced a large increase in dopamine metabolism in the nucleus accumbens and striatum but failed to alter hippocampal or striatal serotonin metabolism. These findings suggest that baclofen may produce increases in activity and ingestive behavior as a result of an action on non-serotonergic cells in the MR.
Protein phosphatases 1 and 2A are both required for long‐term depression and associated dephosphorylation of cAMP response element binding protein in hippocampal area CA1 in vivo

Evidence shows that the serine/threonine protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) plays a critical role in synaptic plasticity and memory. Little is known about the contribution of the serine/threonine protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) to synaptic plasticity. Both protein phosphatases can target the transcription factor cAMP response element binding protein (CREB), whose phosphorylation at Ser133 we previously found to be down-regulated during long-term depression (LTD) of glutamatergic transmission in area CA1 of the adult hippocampus in vivo. Other work from our group showed that the activity of PP2A, as well as that of PP1, is increased after LTD induction in area CA1 in vivo. We therefore investigated here whether both protein phosphatases are necessary for LTD in area CA1, and whether they both are involved in the LTD-associated modification of CREB. We found that inhibition of either PP1 or PP2A interferes with the establishment of LTD. Furthermore, inhibition of either enzyme alone abrogated the LTD-associated dephosphorylation of CREB. Interestingly, inhibition of PP1 disrupted CREB dephosphosphorylation rapidly after LTD-inducing stimulation, whereas inhibition of PP2A did not blunt the CREB modification until a later time point. Thus, both PP1 and PP2A regulate CREB during LTD in area CA1, although possibly through different signaling pathways. Our results demonstrate that PP2A, similar to PP1, plays an essential role in the molecular events that underlie LTD at glutamatergic synapses in hippocampal area CA1 in vivo. We propose that one of the mechanisms through which these protein phosphatases may contribute to the prolonged maintenance of LTD is through the regulation of CREB.
Terminal deletion of the long arm of chromosome 2 in a premature infant with karyotype : 46,XY,del (2)(q37)

We present a premature newborn boy with multiple congenital anomalies, including craniofacial anomalies, syndactyly, cardiac defects, and a horseshoe kidney associated with terminal deletion of 2q. The infant's karyotype was 46,XY,del(2)(q37). Clinical, cytogenetic, and autopsy findings are presented in this report. Clinical manifestations in this infant are compared with those four other known patients with terminal deletion of chromosome 2.
A Neutron Reflectivity Study of the Interfacial Magnetism of an Y/Gd Film

Using the technique of polarized-neutron reflectometry, we have studied the magnetic moment distribution in the interfacial region of an epitaxial film consisting of 97 A Y(0001) atop 1000 A Gd(0001). At T = 151 K, with an 80 gauss field applied parallel to the surface (basal plane), we observe two distinct ferromagnetic regions: the Gd bulk and a layer with reduced magnetic moment at the Y/Gd interface. Above the bulk Curie temperature, at T = 295 K , we observe no net magnetization in either the bulk or the interface.
Expression of an exogenous growth hormone gene by transplantable human epidermal cells

Retrovirus-mediated gene transfer was used to introduce a recombinant human growth hormone gene into cultured human keratinocytes. The transduced keratinocytes secreted biologically active growth hormone into the culture medium. When grafted as an epithelial sheet onto athymic mice, these cultured keratinocytes reconstituted an epidermis that was similar in appearance to that resulting from normal cells, but from which human growth hormone could be extracted. Transduced epidermal cells may prove to be a general vehicle for the delivery of gene products by means of grafting.