cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The relationships of anxiety and self‐attention to running economy in competitive male distance runners

Although running economy (RE) is an important physiological characteristic associated with superior distance running performance, little is known about the potential psychological correlates of RE. Therefore, the current study examined the relationship of anxiety and self‐attention to RE. Anxiety was measured with the Sport Competition Anxiety Test (SCAT; Martens, 1977) and the Trait Anxiety Inventory (TAI; Spielberger et al., 1970). Self‐attention was assessed with the Private Self‐Consciousness (PSC) subscale of the Self‐Consciousness Scale Revised (SCSR; Scheier and Carver, 1985). Running economy was determined by the oxygen cost of running at a submaximal velocity of 4.13 m s‐1 (< 80% of maximal aerobic capacity). The subjects were 18 competitive male distance runners (mean 10‐km race time 34.17 min). No relationship was found between anxiety (SCAT: r = ‐0.18, n.s.; TAI: r = ‐0.17, n.s.) and RE. However, PSC and RE were related (r = 0.50, P < 0.05), suggesting that runners who habitually directed atte...
Influence of Chlorine on the Decomposition of Ethylene over Iron and Cobalt Particles

The interaction of cobalt and iron powders with ethylene and ethylene/hydrogen mixtures containing trace concentrations of chlorine has been studied using a combination of flow reactor and transmission electron microscopy techniques. Detailed analysis of both the gaseous products and the amount of solid carbon (a filamentous form) deposited on the metal surfaces has permitted us to gain an insight into some of the factors surrounding the promotional effect of low concentrations of chlorine on the catalytic action of both cobalt and iron. The optimum carbon deposition activity was achieved when either of these metals was treated at 400 °C in an ethylene/hydrogen environment containing 75−100 ppm chlorine. If the halogen was removed from the reactant, then the high activity for carbon filament growth could not be sustained. Reintroduction of chlorine after a suitable period of time resulted in restoration of the carbon deposition activity to its original level, demonstrating the reversible nature of the “ac...
Advances in Solvent-Resistant Nanofiltration Membranes

Nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO) are well-established membrane technologies for applications involving aqueous streams. The principles of NF transport (diffusion, convection, and Donnan exclusion) are effectively used to develop novel membrane materials and applications in aqueous medium. Use of NF in a non-aqueous medium holds strong potential for the food, refining, and pharmaceutical industries because of the low energy costs involved with such membrane processes. Further understanding and development of solvent-resistant NF membranes provides opportunities for various hybrid processing ranging from reactor-membrane to distillation-membrane combinations. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of literature results and our own work in the area of non-aqueous systems. For solvent-based systems, potential membrane swelling and solvent-solute coupling needs to be considered for membrane design and transport theories. A simplified transport theory for pure solvents has been developed using solvent (molar volume, viscosity) and membrane properties (membrane surface energy). This model and has been verified with literature data for both hydrophilic and hydrophobic membranes. Membrane characterization and preconditioning aspects need to be given serious consideration for evaluating membrane performance. In addition to permeability and separation results, some novel applications of NF in non-aqueous solvents are included in this paper.
A numerical solution to the Gel'fand-Levitan-Marchenko equation

In this paper a numerical method is developed to solve the inverse scattering problem associated with two Gel'fand-Levitan-Marchenko integral equations. This inverse problem is represented by two coupled partial differential equations. The solution of these partial differential equations is two kernel functions. These kernels are also related to each other through the Gel'fand-Levitan-Marchenko integral equations. Legendre-Gauss-Lobatto nodes are used to construct the N^t^h polynominal interpolation to approximate the solution of the kernel functions which are related to the scattering potential. An example is given to demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed method.
Identification of Concealed Randomized Objects

WE should like to make a few comments on two recent responses to a communication by J. G. P. et al.1.
Depression and Attributional Complexity

Recent research suggests that mildly and moderately depressed individuals are more sensitive to social information than the non depressed individuals are. The relationship between severity of depression and a measure relevant to this social sensitivity, attributional complexity, was examined. As predicted, a significant quadratic contrast indicated an inverted-U-shaped relationship between depression and attributional complexity. Mildly depressed individuals had the highest attributional complexity scores; nondepressed and severely depressed individuals had the lowest scores. Sex differences for both depression and attributional complexity were replicated. More women than men were depressed, and women also had higher attributional complexity scores. Finally, the relationship between attributional complexity and depression was interpreted as reflecting depressives' responses to heightened contingency uncertainty and expectations of uncontrollability.
Thermal radiation degradation analysis of Surveyor III material

Lunar dust reflectance degradation of thermal control paint on Surveyor 3 TV camera, separating solar radiation effects by analytical model
Finding the resonate length of low frequency helical dipoles

An efficient recursive procedure to find the resonant length of a normal mode uniformly winding helical dipole antenna, has been developed. In the procedure, starting with two (or an arbitrary even number) turns, the moment method impedance elements are found and the Toeplitz equations are solved. If the imaginary part of the input impedance is capacitive, the antenna does not resonate. So we add one turn on each end of the dipole. Two more impedances are computed for the new dipole. These two impedances, the previous antenna current and impedance elements are used to find the new input impedance with very simple calculations. This process continues until the input impedance is real.
Application of FDTD for analysis of waveguide transition

The transitions between rectangular and circular waveguides are very useful components especially for some complicated microwave systems. In general, trial and error methods are used to design these types of transitions. Some numerical techniques in frequency domain have previously been applied to waveguide transition structures, but the procedure is cumbersome and depends on expensive analytical calculations. The FDTD is claimed to be a versatile technique for analysis of passive microwave structures. The purpose of the paper is to confirm this claim by applying FDTD to several complex waveguide transitions which are not amiable to many frequency domain techniques such as the mode matching method. It is demonstrated that this algorithm is versatile and can be used to analyze complicated waveguide transitions with a high degree of accuracy. Analysis of such structures can be quite complicated in the frequency domain. For example, the plane wave functions are used to represent the fields inside a rectangular waveguide, while the cylindrical wave functions are used for the cylindrical waveguide. As a result, the frequency domain analysis of a rectangular to circular waveguide transition requires careful considerations for proper numerical convergence. Such a problem is successfully analyzed in the time domain by application of the FDTD algorithm to the structure geometry.
Psychological Distress in Hip Arthroscopy Patients Affects Postoperative Pain Control

Purpose To determine whether patients with higher levels of preoperative psychological distress more frequently use a postoperative fascia iliaca nerve block for pain control after hip arthroscopy, and to determine whether a fascia iliaca nerve block is an effective adjunct to multimodal oral and intravenous analgesia after hip arthroscopy. Methods One hundred seven patients undergoing hip arthroscopy were prospectively enrolled. Before surgery, patients were administered the Distress Risk Assessment Method questionnaire to quantify their level of preoperative psychological distress. Postoperatively, patients with pain inadequately controlled by multimodal oral and intravenous analgesics could request and receive a fascia iliaca nerve block. Pain scores, opioid consumption, time in the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU), and postoperative complications were recorded for all patients. Results Patients with normal Distress Risk Assessment Method scores requested fascia iliaca nerve blocks approximately half as frequently (18 of 50 [36%]) as patients in the at-risk category (28 of 47 [60%]) or distressed category (7 of 10 [70%]) ( P = .02). Patients with high levels of distress also received 40% more intraoperative opioid than patients with normal scores ( P = .04). In the study population as a whole, patients who received a fascia iliaca nerve block (n = 53) had a higher initial visual analog scale (VAS) pain score in the PACU (7.2 ± 0.3 v 5.5 ± 0.4, P = .001) and showed greater improvement in the VAS pain score by PACU discharge (−4.3 ± 0.2 v −2.1 ± 0.3, P ≤ .0001) compared with patients who did not receive a block (n = 54). Conclusions Patients with higher levels of preoperative psychological distress more frequently requested a postoperative nerve block to achieve adequate pain control after hip arthroscopy. Patients receiving a block had greater improvement in VAS pain scores compared with patients managed with oral and intravenous analgesics alone. Level of Evidence Level IV, case series.
A Causal Model of Sentence Recall: Effects of Familiarity, Concreteness, Comprehensibility, and Interestingness:

This study presents and tests a theoretically derived causal model of the recall of sentences. One group of undergraduate students rated 40 sentences about historical characters for content familiarity, concreteness, comprehensibility, and interestingness. A second group read the sentences and provided written recalls immediately after reading and again after five days. Using predictions derived from schema theory and from dual coding theory, a causal model was derived that identified familiarity and concreteness as causes of comprehensibility; familiarity, concreteness, and comprehensibility as causes of interestingne ss; and all the identified variables as causes of both immediate and delayed recall. Path analysis procedures indicated that concreteness strongly affected comprehensibility and recall, and that both concreteness and familiarity affected interestingness. The results suggest support for a dual coding theory account of sentence comprehension and recall. From both theoretical and practical perspectives, the contributions of familiarity, concreteness, comprehensibility, and interestingness to the learning of text are central issues in reading research. Considerable previous research has probed each of these variables, either to investigate basic processes in reading or to investigate the design of text. However, very few studies have examined these variables together or have drawn on established theories to provide hypotheses for forming and testing causal models in this area (e.g., Sadoski, 1984). This study presents a test of a causal model for readers' recall of individual sentences using contrasting variables derived from schema theory (e.g., Anderson & Pearson, 1984) and dual coding theory (Paivio, 1986). Both theories have generated predictions regarding the comprehensibility and interestingness of text and the
All Bound up Together: the woman question in African American public culture, 1830‐1900

MARTHA S. JONES Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 2007 Pp. 317. ISBN 987 0 8078 5845 5 This exciting first book from Martha S. Jones tracks three generations of African American ...
W(h)ither the digital divide

The “widening digital divide” has the status of fact in most discussions of the global distribution of information and communications technologies (ICTs), and that this divide is a problem is widely accepted. This paper challenges both assumptions. First, looking at various measures of the digital divide, there is a divide in per‐capita access to ICTs but developing countries show faster rates of growth in network development than developed countries. Moreover, when employing a per‐income measure of access, developing countries already “digitally leapfrog” the developed world. Second, the paper examines the prediction that disparities in absolute access to ICTs between countries will lead to reduced development prospects in poor countries. Past experience has shown that it is very difficult to make predictions of this type. The paper concludes that we may be posing the wrong policy questions when focusing on a “digital divide” as it is commonly understood.
Analysis of a new power electronics interface with approximately sinusoidal 3-phase utility currents and a regulated DC output

A three phase rectification scheme that draws line currents with reduced distortion and provides a regulated DC output voltage is analyzed. The scheme employs two boost DC-DC converters to modulate the DC link currents. The modulation current is injected into the AC side through an impedance network consisting of series tuned L-C branches. The theoretical analysis and the basic simulation results, which can be used to carry out the design of a system based on this approach, are presented. >
Are social attributes associated with alarm calling propensity

Emitir llamadas de alarma puede beneficiar directamente a las personas si las personas que llaman tienen una mayor probabilidad de sobrevivir, si la llamada aumenta el estado de la persona que llama o si la funcion de llamada se realiza mediante reciprocidad. Aunque estudios anteriores han examinado los costos y beneficios de las llamadas de alarma, pocos han examinado como la posicion social de un individuo puede influir en la propension a emitir llamadas. La posicion de un individuo en su red social puede variar y los individuos difieren en la fuerza y ??el grado en que estan conectados con los demas. Planteamos la hipotesis de que esta variacion podria influir en la velocidad a la que los individuos emiten llamadas.
Monte carlo simulations of polydisperse polymers grafted on spherical surfaces

This article presents effects of polydispersity in polymers grafted on spherical surfaces on grafted polymer chain conformations, grafted layer thickness, and free-end monomer distribution within the grafted layer. At brush-like grafting densities, as polydispersity index (PDI) increases, the scaling exponent of radius of gyration of grafted chains approaches that of a single chain grafted on the same nanoparticle, because polydispersity alleviates monomer crowding within the brush. At high PDI, the chains shorter than the number average chain length, Nn, have more compressed conformations, and the chains longer than Nn overall stretch less than in the monodisperse case. As seen in polydisperse flat brushes at high grafting densities, the grafted layer thickness on spherical nanoparticle increases with PDI. Polydispersity eliminates the region near the surface devoid of free-end monomers seen in monodisperse cases, and it reduces the width of free-end monomer distribution and shifts the free-end monomer distribution close to the surface. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2012
Mechanisms Governing the Expression of the Enzymes of Glutamine Metabolism—Glutaminase and Glutamine Synthetase

Whether on the scale of a single cell, organ or organism, glutamine homeostasis is to a large extent determined by the activities of glutaminase (GA, EC 3.5.1.2) and glutamine synthetase (GS, EC 6.3.1.2), the two enzymes that are the focus of this report. GA and GS each provide examples of regulation of gene expression at many different levels. In the case of GA, two different genes (hepatic- and kidney-type GA) encode isoforms of this enzyme. The expression of hepatic GA mRNA is increased during starvation, diabetes and high protein diet through a mechanism involving increased gene transcription. In contrast, the expression of kidney GA mRNA is increased post-transcriptionally by a mechanism that increases mRNA stability during acidosis. We found recently that several isoforms of rat and human kidney-type GA are formed by tissue-specific alternative RNA splicing. Although the implications of this post-transcriptional processing mechanism for GA activity are not yet clear, it allows for the expression of different GA isoforms in different tissues and may limit the expression of GA activity in muscle tissues by diverting primary RNA transcripts to a spliceform that produces a nonfunctional translation product. The expression of GS enzyme is also regulated by both transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms. For example, the GS gene is transcriptionally activated by glucocorticoid hormones in a tissue-specific fashion. This hormonal response allows GS mRNA levels to increase in selected organs during catabolic states. However, the ultimate level of GS enzyme expression is further governed by a post-transcriptional mechanism regulating GS protein stability. In a unique form of product feedback, GS protein turnover is increased by glutamine. This mechanism appears to provide a means to index the production of glutamine to its intracellular concentration and, therefore, to its systemic demand. Herein, we also provide experimental evidence that GS protein turnover is dependent upon the activity of the 26S proteosome.
Proximal Tibial Osteochondromas in Patients with Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva

Background: Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva is a rare autosomal dominant disorder characterized by congenital malformation of the great toes and by progressive heterotopic ossification of skeletal muscle and soft connective tissues. The disorder is caused by a recurrent missense mutation in the glycine-serine activation domain of activin A receptor type I, a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) type-I receptor, in all classically affected individuals. Osteochondromas of the proximal part of the tibia are benign osteochondral neoplasms or orthotopic lesions of skeletal remodeling associated with dysregulated BMP signaling and have been considered an atypical feature of fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva, but they may be underdiagnosed because of their often asymptomatic nature. The purpose of the present study was to determine the prevalence and characteristics of proximal tibial osteochondromas in individuals who have fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva. Methods: Over a period of thirty months, we evaluated all patients with new and established fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva for the presence of proximal tibial osteochondromas on the basis of medical history, physical examination, and radiographic studies. We quantified the prevalence of osteochondromas and characterized the types of osteochondromas to identify relevant trends. Results: Ninety-six patients (including fifty-two female patients and forty-four male patients) with fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva were evaluated on the basis of a history and physical examination. Plain radiographs were available for sixty-seven patients. Ninety percent of all patients had osteochondroma of the proximal part of the tibia. These lesions usually were asymptomatic, most commonly were bilateral, and typically were located at the pes anserinus. Seventy-five percent of the lesions were pedunculated, and 25% were sessile. Conclusions: Proximal tibial osteochondromas are a common phenotypic feature of fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva, a finding that expands the recognized consequences of recurrent activating mutations in activin A receptor type I to include not only congenital skeletal malformations and heterotopic skeletogenesis but also benign osteochondral neoplasms or orthotopic lesions of skeletal modeling. The present study provides insight into the genetic basis of osteochondroma formation in patients with fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva and possibly into that of more common conditions in which these lesions occur.
Power, Politics, and Organizations

The article presents a review of the book “Power, Politics, and Organizations,” edited by Andrew Kakabadse and Christopher Parker.
Coordinating Multiple Double Integrator Robots on a Roadmap: Convexity and Global Optimality

This paper focuses on finding the global minimum time control for the collision-free coordination of multiple robots with double integrator dynamics and with additional robot state constraints and control constraints. We initially assume each robot's path is specified and decompose it into collision segments and collision-free segments. The collision avoidance constraints for pairs of robots and the dynamics constraints can then be combined to formulate the coordination problem as a mixed integer nonlinear program (MINLP). In this paper, we first show convexity of the constraints for an individual robot path segment under certain assumptions. We next establish that we are guaranteed to find the global optimum of the MINLP because each subproblem of the MINLP is a convex program, based on the convexity result on individual robot segments. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first result on directly obtaining the global optimum coordination of multiple (more than two) robots with dynamics constraints. Finally, we extend these results to the task of coordinating robots on a given roadmap, where the roadmap has multiple candidate paths for each robot. We present an approach to simultaneously select each robot's traversal path and generate its continuous velocity profile. These robot velocity profiles satisfy the dynamics constraints, avoid collisions, and globally minimize the completion time. We use the MINLP Solver [25], which combines a branch-and-bound algorithm with a filterSQP algorithm, to solve the MINLP coordination problems. We illustrate the approach with multiple robot coordination examples with up to 156 collision zones.
MMP9-sensitive polymers mediate environmentally-responsive bivalirudin release and thrombin inhibition

MMP9-responsive bivalirudin-HPMA copolymers were synthesized for direct, local administration in rat spinal cord contusion injury models. Polymer-conjugated bivalirudin peptides maintained activity while demonstrating enzyme-mediated release upon MMP9 exposure and prolonged release from hyaluronic acid/methylcellulose (HAMC) hydrogels compared to free bivalirudin peptide. Localized administration of bivalirudin copolymers in vivo at the site of rat spinal cord injury decreased cellular proliferation and astrogliosis, suggesting the bivalirudin copolymer and HAMC hydrogel system are a promising therapeutic intervention for reducing immediate inflammatory responses and long term scarring.
Antigen‐specific immunoglobulin E+ B cells are preferentially localized within germinal centres

Allergen-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) mediates immediate-type hypersensitivity reactions and plays a central role in allergic diseases. Although antigen-driven B-cell maturation and isotype switching occur within germinal centres (GCs), the role of GCs in IgE production is poorly understood. In view of this, we investigated the development of IgE-expressing cells within GCs in response to an extensively characterized antigen, 2-phenyloxazolone (phOx). The phOx-specific IgE-expressing cells localized within GCs 7 days after immunization, and peaked in number on day 11. Surprisingly, very few IgE-positive cells were found in the T-cell areas of the lymph node. Flow cytometric studies confirmed that IgE was expressed by B cells and was not the result of trapping by follicular dendritic cells. The specificity of the antibody response was confirmed by microdissection and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction using phOx-specific IgE primers. IgE-positive cells were primarily found within GCs while, in contrast, many IgG1-positive cells could also be detected outside GCs in the T-cell areas. Taken together, these data highlight the importance of GCs in the production of antigen-specific IgE antibody.
Evaluating new protein sources for development of a deer repellent product

Several protein sources were tested as deer repellents with captive deer. Black-tailed deer were offered Western redcedar seedlings treated with corn gluten meal, feather meal, poultry blood, hydrolyzed casein, or a control (latex sticker used for treatment proteins). After 37 days, feather meal and hydrolyzed casein provided equivalent protection against browse damage (only 23% of seedlings significantly browsed). Poultry blood provided less browse protection (44% browsed), while browse damage to seedlings treated with corn gluten meal (73% browsed) was not statistically different than the control (100% browsed). Based on the efficacy of feather meal and its low material cost, this protein hydrolysate should be investigated for use in commercial deer repellent formulations. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Flexible hardware architecture for 2-D separable scaling using convolution interpolation

There is not a single scaling technique that suites all kind of images. Final image quality (IQ) depends not only on the scale factor but also on the type of image (photo, CAD, text...) the user is willing to print or display. Formally, any scaling operation can be interpreted as a combination of an anti-alias filter and an interpolation by continuous convolution. In this paper we present a hardware architecture based on this formal framework that performs two dimensional (2-D) separable image up- and down-scaling with a high degree of flexibility and a low hardware cost. In particular, in this paper we propose a convolution interpolator with a programmable kernel memory, we develop a design rule for optimizing the kernel coefficient memory size and we report a flexible anti-alias filter. The increased flexibility provided by the combination of the aforementioned elements renders superior IQ since the scaling technique and parameters can be adjusted to each specific type of image.
Modifications to the computer program TENSOR2D

The U.S. Geological Survey computer program TENSOR2D may be used to compute the directional components of the anisotropic transmissivity tensor of two-dimensional ground-water flow. In this note, modifications to the original computer code, developed in 1987, are described. Because of the modifications, TENSOR2D now conforms to the Fortran 77 Standard and can be run on most personal computers without user modification. Additionally, a new routine generates the polar coordinates of the computed theoretical transmissivity (or diffusivity) ellipse.
High Cooling Power Density of SiGe/Si Superlattice Microcoolers

Abstract : Fabrication and characterization of SiGe/Si superlattice microcoolers integrated with thin film resistors are described. Superlattice structures were used to enhance the device performance by reducing the thermal conductivity, and by providing selective emission of hot carriers through thermionic emission. Thin film metal resistors were integrated on top of the cooler devices and they were used as heat load for cooling power density measurement. Various device sizes were characterized. Net cooling over 4.1 K and a cooling power density of 598 W/cm2 for 40 x 40 mm2 devices were measured at room temperature.
Brief Report: Role of Cortisol in Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms among Mothers of Children Diagnosed with Cancer

Objective To examine the role of cortisol in posttraumatic stress symptomatology among mothers of children newly diagnosed with cancer. Methods Mothers (N = 27) completed standardized measures of posttraumatic stress symptoms and provided salivary cortisol samples at the time of their child’s cancer diagnosis and then monthly for 1 year. Results Random effects regression analyses of 351 person-by-time observations revealed that high levels of cortisol were associated with higher levels of posttraumatic stress symptoms (B = .12, p < .02). The mothers who exhibited higher cortisol levels at the time of their child’s diagnosis showed statistically significant declines in symptomatology from diagnosis to 12 months postdiagnosis (B = .97, p < .0001) compared to mothers who exhibited lower cortisol levels at diagnosis (B = .003, p < .05). Conclusions These findings offer some suggestions into possible neurobiological processes underlying posttraumatic stress symptoms and directions for future research and clinical intervention.
Significant Historic Origins That Influenced The Team Concept In Major Japanese Companies

Major historical aspects of the Japanese people reinforce their continued inclination to conform to societal norms at the cost of their own individualism. We look at this unique characteristic of their country, often referred to as a need for dependence versus the need for independence, with a historic perspective. We seek to identify these historic roots and its ramifications on the successful team-based Japanese management style. This paper examines the team concept as witnessed in (a) rice growing activities (100 BC to present); (b) religious influences, (500 BC to present); (c) the Tokugawa Period (1660-1867); and (d) the Meiji Period (1868-1911).
The Role of Pharmacogenomics to Guide Treatment in Mood and Anxiety Disorders

Interest has grown in genetic testing to personalize treatment approaches in psychiatry, especially mood disorders and to a lesser extent anxiety. However, numerous studies of genetic variants of metabolizing enzymes, along with fewer studies of single nucleotide polymorphisms of drug transporter proteins, receptors, and other putative drug targets such as neurotransmitter reuptake pumps and receptors, have reported contradictory findings that have not translated into practical, cost-effective treatment recommendations. In this article, we review basic principles of genetic testing and highlight selected elements of genetic testing in cancer. We then critically review the current status of genetic research in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, as well as the few clinical trials that have been performed. After discussing the limited clinical applications of current research, we make recommendations for developing more clinically useful studies of cost-effective approaches to genetic testing in the treatment of mood and anxiety disorders.
Together, Is Anything Possible? A Look at Collective Commitments for Agents.

In this research, commitments - specifically collective commitments - are looked at as a way to model connections between agents in groups. Using the concepts and ideas from action languages, we propose to model these commitments as actions along with the other basic actions that autonomous agents are capable of performing. The languages developed will be tested against different examples from various multi-agent system (MAS) areas and implemented to run in answer set programming.
Comparison of histologic and immunologic heterogeneity of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas

The lymphocyte surface marker phenotype in 11 selected cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas was determined with anti-immunoglobulin and mouse monoclonal antibodies against human lymphocyte antigens. A complement-mediated cell cytotoxicity assay on suspensions of the tumor cells was compared with an indirect immunoperoxidase technique on frozen tissue sections. Both methods gave good results in tumors with a uniform cell population, but the frozen section technique was superior in heterogeneous tumors. The six B-cell neoplasms were heterogeneous with respect to expression of surface immunoglobulin and Ia antigens. The five T-cell tumors were morphologically heterogeneous and also highly variable in their expression of different T-cell specific antigens.
Corrections to “Area-Efficient Low-Noise Low-Spur Architecture for an Analog PLL Working From a Low Frequency Reference” [Jun 12 331-335]

In the above-named article [ibid., vol. 59, no. 6, pp. 331-335, Jun. 2012], two equations were omitted, and one equation was misplaced during proofing. The correct equations for the second paragraph of Section I (page 331) and in the first paragraph of Section II (page 332) are provided. It is then shown that, with this loop filter, the 3-dB frequency and damping factor for the phase-locked loop are given by another equation that was misplaced during article proofing.
Interstate System and Capitalist World-EconomyOne Logic or Two?

This essay argues that capitalism is best conceived as a peculiar combination of economic and political processes which operate at the level of the world economy as a whole. Thus the interstate system is the political side of capitalism, not an analytically autonomous system, and its survival is dependent on the operation of the institutions which are associated with the capital-accumulation process. The argument for this approach is made as a prelude to further discussion, theoretical clarity, and empirical research. The point of this project is to distinguish between theories which conceptualize the modern world in terms of economic and political subsystems and those which regard capitalism as a system in which political and economic processes can be understood to have a single, integrated logic.
Abstract 2066: Role of miR-182/miR-96 cluster in prostatic zinc homeostasis

Zinc has been shown to have a defensive action against the development of prostate cancer (PCa). Zinc is an essential element that is required for the activity of more than 300 enzymes, structure of proteins, and control of genetic expression. It plays an important role in cellular processes such as cell division, growth, differentiation, development, aging, and synthesis and repair of DNA, RNA, and protein. Prostatic secretary epithelial cells accumulate large amounts of zinc and have a high expression of human Zinc transporter 1 (hZIP1), the major zinc transporter in the prostate. PCa tissue exhibits lower levels of zinc and hZIP1 compared with surrounding normal-appearing areas. Furthermore, compared to Caucasian men, the prostates of African American men, a population with a disproportionately high risk of developing PCa, have decreased zinc and hZIP1. Previously, we examined several miRNAs in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded prostate tissue from African American and Caucasian patients, of which miR-182/96 levels were higher in PCa samples and had inverse correlation with hZIP1 mRNA in Caucasian patients (Spearman rho = −0.77, p=0.009). No correlation between hZIP1 and miR-182 was found in the African-American specimens, suggesting a different mechanism for hZIP1 regulation in African-Americans. Based on previous studies, we hypothesize that miR-182/96 cluster is responsible for regulation of hZIP1 levels in PCa and prostate tissue. In this study, we examined the relationship between the levels of miR-182/96 and hZIP1 in more detail using cell culture models. We observed an inverse correlation between hZIP1 and miR-182 levels in several prostate cell cultures; primary normal epithelial cells, normal stromal cells, and prostate cancer cells (PC3 and LNCaP). MiR-182 is transcribed in a cluster with miR-96 and the miRNAs have an overlapping mRNA target sequence. As expected, miR-96 expression was identical to that of miR-182, thus also inversely correlated with hZIP1 in prostate cell cultures. Overexpression of miR-182 in both normal and LNCaP cells decreased hZIP1 mRNA levels, further implicating miR-182 as a regulator of zinc transport. Ongoing experiments focus on validating the two putative miR-182/96 binding sites in the 3′UTR of hZIP1 and the effect of miR-182 and miR-96 overexpression on zinc transport. Our results may establish a role for miR-182 in prostatic zinc homeostasis. Because zinc levels are linked to PCa risk, these miRNAs may be useful as a prognostic or diagnostic marker in prostate biopsies to identify patients with high risk of PCa recurrence and for identifying individuals for zinc replacement. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2066.
CaBPr facilitates intracellular diffusion for Ca pumping in distal convoluted tubule

The system of renal Ca transport in the rat is modeled in terms of two classes of processes: a nonsaturable flux that predominates in the proximal tubule, and an active, vitamin D-dependent flux with major expression in the distal convoluted tubule. There transport is against an electrochemical gradient, with much of the efflux probably mediated by the Ca/Mg-ATPase. Calculations of the rate of free Ca diffusion in tubular cells indicate that an unaided flux would be only one-seventy-seventh of that found experimentally. It is suggested that the vitamin D-induced renal calcium binding protein, CaBPr, Mr approximately 28,000, in raising total cellular calcium by three orders of magnitude, increases the transcellular Ca flux and thus the free intracellular Ca ion concentration at the basolateral pole, allowing the Ca/Mg-ATPase to function near its maximum. Analysis of the rate of nonsaturable Ca flux throughout the kidney tubule suggests a paracellular pathway via bulk flow, following water that is driven osmotically. Evaluation of whole animal data in terms of these two classes of calcium fluxes indicates that our model is consistent with experimental observations and assigns a functional role to active calcium transport.
Detection of Biomarkers of Stroke Using SELDI-TOF

With a mean weight of 1500 g containing around 10 billion neurons, the adult brain represents about 2% of the total body mass, but requires 20% of the total energy produced. It consumes continuously 150 g of glucose and 72 L of oxygen every 24 h. A few minutes interruption of this supply can lead to dramatic brain damage. Manifestations and consequences of stroke depend on the location and extent of the lesions. A vascular cerebral accident, also called stroke or brain attack, is an interruption of the blood supply owing to either occlusion (ischemic stroke) or rupture (hemorrhagic stroke) of a blood vessel to any part of the brain, with an occurrence of around 80% for the ischemic type. Stroke has a devastating impact on public health and remains the third leading cause of death and the first leading cause of long-term disability in industrialized countries. An early diagnosis of the cerebral accident associated with an appropriate treatment would reduce the risk of death and enhance the chances of recovery. When the diagnosis of stroke is established, the physician needs to know the nature (ischemic or hemorrhagic), the extent, and the location of the accident in order to orient patients and to give them most suitable treatment. Because no specific and unique symptoms or early blood diagnostic markers are currently available, it was of a great interest to develop new approaches in the research and discovery area of new early diagnosis and prognosis markers of stroke.
Interfacial routes to colloidal gelation

Abstract Colloidal gelation is a rheological transition from fluid-like to solid-like viscoelasticity in a particulate suspension and is often instigated by causing the net interparticle interaction to be attractive. In this article, three routes to colloidal gelation that have been discovered recently and involve interfacial phenomena at a fluid interface are reviewed. As in conventional systems, gelation is due to a percolating particle network that imparts elasticity to the mixture, but the network formation involves interfacial particle jamming or bridging, or capillary interactions along or across interfaces, in a mixture of immiscible fluids. Gelation imparts mechanical stability to these multiphase mixtures and paves the way for their use as templates for the synthesis of functional, microstructured materials and composites. The gel mechanical properties are mediated by the interfacial forces and the mixture's microstructure, and therefore show different dependencies on particle volume fraction across the three systems.
Design of a Multisensory Stimulus Delivery System for Investigating Response Trajectories in Infancy

Sensory processing differences, including auditory, visual, and tactile, are ideal targets for early detection of neurodevelopmental risk. However, existing studies focus on the audiovisual paradigm but ignore the sense of touch. In this work, we present a multisensory delivery system that can deliver audiovisual stimuli and precisely controlled tactile stimuli to infants in a synchronized manner. The system also records multi-dimensional data including eye gaze and physiological data. A pilot study of six 3–8 month old infants was conducted to investigate the tolerability and feasibility of the system. Results have shown that the system is well tolerated by infants and all the data were collected robustly. This work paves the way for future studies charting the meaning of sensory response trajectories in infancy.
Update on syphilis and pregnancy

While the origins of syphilis remain unknown, it has long been recognized as an infectious entity with complex pathophysiology. In this review, we highlighted the epidemiology and risk factors associated with syphilis. The incidence of syphilis in most populations showed a consistent upward trend until the 1940s with the introduction of penicillin as the preferred treatment. The emergence of congenital syphilis and vertical transmission has been a direct result of heterosexual syphilis transmission. We also explore the microbiology and pathogenesis of Treponema pallidum as it directly correlates with its route of transmission and infectivity. The clinical features are best categorized into stages (primary, secondary, early, and late latent and tertiary). The primary stage presents as a characteristic chancre and inguinal adenopathy, while the secondary "bacteremia" stage has a predilection to dermatologic manifestations and constitutional symptoms. The latent phase of syphilis witnesses a quiescent period with variable relapse of symptoms and finally, one-third of untreated patients undergo tertiary syphilis years after the initial infection characterized by severe neurologic or cardiovascular symptomatology. We will also review the data collected for congenital syphilis from the CDC as this can manifest with stillbirth, neonatal death, and nonimmune hydrops. The diagnosis of syphilis focuses on a combination of nontreponemal and treponemal antibody tests with the CDC recommending a traditional algorithm from screening to confirmation. However, other agencies have recently adopted the reverse testing algorithm which has outperformed the traditional algorithm in certain populations. We finally focus on syphilotherapy and monitoring response to treatment with a specific emphasis on pregnancy. Birth Defects Research 109:347-352, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sensitized Aliphatic Fluorination Directed by Terpenoidal Enones: A "Visible Light" Approach.

In our continued effort to address the challenges of selective sp3 C–H fluorination on complex molecules, we report a sensitized aliphatic fluorination directed by terpenoidal enones using catalytic benzil and visible light (white LEDs). This sensitized approach is mild, simple to set up, and an economical alternative to our previous protocol based on direct excitation using UV light in a specialized apparatus. Additionally, the amenability of this protocol to photochemical flow conditions and preliminary evidence for electron-transfer processes are highlighted.
Analytical Scheme Leading to Integrated High-Sensitivity Profiling of Glycosphingolipids Together with N - and O -Glycans from One Sample

Glycoconjugates are directly or indirectly involved in many biological processes. Due to their complex structures, the structural elucidation of glycans and the exploration of their role in biological systems have been challenging. Glycan pools generated through release from glycoprotein or glycolipid mixtures can often be very complex. For the sake of procedural simplicity, many glycan profiling studies choose to concentrate on a single class of glycoconjugates. In this paper, we demonstrate it feasible to cover glycosphingolipids, N-glycans, and O-glycans isolated from the same sample. Small volumes of human blood serum and ascites fluid as well as small mouse brain tissue samples are sufficient to profile sequentially glycans from all three classes of glycoconjugates and even positively identify some mixture components through MALDI-MS and LC-ESI-MS. The results show that comprehensive glycan profiles can be obtained from the equivalent of 500-μg protein starting material or possibly less. These methodological improvements can help accelerating future glycomic comprehensive studies, especially for precious clinical samples. Graphical Abstract Outline of glycan profiling procedures.
Information, Place, Cyberspace, and Accessibility

This chapter provides a broad overview of alternate ways for seeing the operative linkages between human experiences on the ground (in place) and user experi ences in cyberspace. Information is treated as the resource that binds these realms into functional human systems, while computer, telecommunication, and transpor tation technologies are viewed as tools of accessibility that are allocated differen tially among people, institutions, and regions. Two general propositions guide the discussion. First, there are significant structural linkages among information re sources, traditional places, and cyberspace; and second, grasping these linkages requires expanded models of space (and time) that encompass both the physical and virtual worlds.
Synthesis of (±)-Naphthacemycin A9

Naphthacemycin A9 was synthesized in nine steps by a sequence featuring a Diels-Alder reaction of a hindered aryl butadiene and a Hauser-Kraus annulation reaction.
Quantitative assessment of two- and three-dimensional transthoracic and two-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging in normal canine hearts.

Abstract Introduction The objective of the study was to evaluate the accuracy of two- and three-dimensional (2D, 3D) transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), 2D transesophageal echocardiography, and computed tomography angiography (CTA) compared with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) in normal dogs and to assess repeatability of 2D and 3D TTE for the assessment of left ventricular (LV) and left atrial (LA) dimensions. Animals The study was performed on six healthy dogs. Materials and Methods Transthoracic echocardiography, transesophageal echocardiography, CTA, and CMR were performed on each dog. Right ventricular (RV) and LV volumes (in systole and diastole), ejection fraction (EF), and LA and right atrial (RA) volumes were assessed. Repeatability and intrarater and interrater measurements of variability were quantified by average coefficient of variation (CV) for 2D and 3D TTE. Results No clinically relevant differences in LV volume were detected between CMR and all modalities. Importantly, 3D TTE had the lowest CV (6.45%), correlated with (rs = 0.62, p = 0.01), and had the highest overlap in distribution with CMR (OVL >80%). Left ventricular EF and LA size via CTA compared best with CMR and RV and RA volumes were best estimated by 3D TTE. Assessment of LV and LA volumes via 3D TTE had moderate repeatability (15–21%) compared with LV M-mode measurements and 2D LA-to-aortic ratio ( Conclusions Measurements of LV, RV, and RA volumes via 3D TTE and LA volume and LV EF assessed by CTA compared best with CMR. Three-dimensional echocardiography had lower interrater and intrarater CV compared with 2D TTE.