cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Coordinating Multi-Agent Navigation by Learning Communication

This work presents a decentralized multi-agent navigation approach that allows agents to coordinate their motion through local communication. Our approach allows agents to develop their own emergent language of communication through an optimization process that simultaneously determines what agents say in response to their spatial observations and how agents interpret communication from others to update their motion. We apply our communication approach together with the TTC-Forces crowd simulation algorithm (a recent, high performing, anticipatory collision technique) and show a significant decrease in congestion and bottle-necking of agents, especially in scenarios where agents benefit from close coordination. In addition to reaching their goals faster, agents using our approach show coordinated behaviors including greeting, flocking, following, and grouping. Furthermore, we observe that communication strategies optimized for one scenario often continue to provide time-efficient, coordinated motion between agents when applied to different scenarios. This suggests that the agents are learning to generalize strategies for coordination through their communication "language".
Painting the Aztec Past in Early Colonial Mexico: Translation and Knowledge Production in the Codex Mendoza

The “Codex Mendoza” is one of the earliest, most detailed, and most important postconquest accounts of pre-Hispanic Aztec life. Nahuas and Spaniards manufactured the codex through a complex process that involved translations across media, languages, and cultural framings. Translations made Aztec culture legible and acceptable to nonnative viewers and readers by recasting indigenous practices, knowledge, ontology, and epistemology. Following a stratigraphic approach that examines the process through which natives and Spaniards created a transcultural manuscript, the article examines the multiple interpretations and negotiations involved in producing images, books, and information about the indigenous world in early colonial Mexico.
Is Motor Impairment in Autism Spectrum Disorder Distinct From Developmental Coordination Disorder? A Report From the SPARK Study.

Background Motor impairments are pervasive in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD); however, children with ASD rarely receive a dual diagnosis of Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD). The Simons Foundation SPARK study engaged families affected by ASD through an online study. Objectives The DCD parent questionnaire (DCDQ) was used to assess the prevalence of a risk for motor impairment or DCD in children with ASD between 5 and 15 years of age. Design This study utilizes parent reports from a large database of children with ASD. Methods A total of 16,705 parents of children with ASD completed the DCDQ. We obtained our final SPARK dataset (n = 11,814) after filtering out invalid data, using stronger cut-offs to confirm ASD traits, and excluding children with general neuromotor impairments/intellectual delays. We compared DCDQ total and subscale scores from the SPARK dataset with published norms for each age between 5 and 15 years. Results The proportion of children with ASD at risk for a motor impairment was very high at 86.9%. Children with ASD did not outgrow their motor impairments and continued to present with a risk for DCD even into adolescence. Yet, only 31.6% of children were receiving physical therapy services. Limitations Our analysis of a large database of parent-reported outcomes using the DCDQ did not involve follow-up clinical assessments. Conclusions Using a large sample of children with ASD, this study shows that a risk for motor impairment or DCD was present in most children with ASD and persists into adolescence; however, only a small proportion of children with ASD were receiving physical therapist interventions. A diagnosis of ASD must trigger motor screening, evaluations, and appropriate interventions by physical and occupational therapists to address the functional impairments of children with ASD while also positively impacting their social communication, cognition, and behavior. Using valid motor measures, future research must determine if motor impairment is a fundamental feature of ASD.
Sally Hemings and Thomas Jefferson: Some Thoughts

Little is known about Sally Hemings, the attractive young slave whom historians and the general public have established as the love of Jefferson’s life. They allegedly engaged in a sexual and affec...
Epistemic Discrimination against Women: Experimental Evidence from India

We use a series of controlled experiments, where we manipulate the information that men and women have, to investigate discrimination against women as sources of knowledge---epistemic discrimination---in ordinary daily life in rural north India. The experiments entail three testimonial encounters between women and men: over food choice within the household, over a causal judgment between couples, and over a conflict within the community. The experiments examine various dimensions of credibility—observing, reasoning, and synthesizing. We show that women, despite having the same level of knowledge, are less able to transmit the information than men. These results provide insights into the underpinning of woman’s difficulty in communicating ideas, defending herself against violence, exercising authority, and making contracts.
Investigation of the strategies for targeting of the afterglow nanoparticles to tumor cells

Afterglow nanoparticles have been widely investigated as new agents for cancer imaging and as a light source for photodynamic activation for cancer treatment. For both applications, the targeting of the afterglow nanoparticles to tumor cells is an important and challenging issue. Here we report the strategies for targeting Sr3MgSi2O8:Eu(2+),Dy(3+) afterglow nanoparticles to tumor cells by conjugating with variety of targeting molecules such as folic acid, RGD peptide, and R-11 peptide. For folic acid targeting, experimental observations were conducted on PC-3 cells (folate receptor negative), MCF-7 (folate receptor positive), and KB cells (folate receptor positive) to compare the cellular uptake and confirm targeted delivery. For the cyclic RGDfK peptide, experiments were carried out on the integrin αvβ3 positive MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line and the integrin αvβ3 negative MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines in order to compare the cellular uptakes. As for R11-SH peptide, cellular uptake of the afterglow nanoparticles was observed on LNCaP and PC3 prostate cancer cell lines. All the observations showed that the cellular uptakes of the nanoparticles were enhanced by conjugation to variety of targeting molecules which are specific for breast and prostate cancer cells.
Digital Assessment with Q-interactive

Q-interactive is a digital system built to support and enhance a clinician’s use of individually administered tests such as the WISC-V. This type of computer-assisted testing is distinct from the more familiar computer-administered testing in which the examinee sees test items on a computer screen and answers using a keyboard, mouse, or touchscreen. This chapter describes the Q-interactive system, explains how it was conceived and developed, gives an overview of its research base including findings for the WISC-V, and explores some of the implications of the system for the science and practice of clinical assessment.
Adenosine deaminase deficiency: metabolic basis of immune deficiency and pulmonary inflammation.

Abstract Genetic deficiencies in the purine catabolic enzyme adenosine deaminase (ADA) in humans results primarily in a severe lymphopenia and immunodeficiency that can lead to the death of affected individuals early in life. The metabolic basis of the immunodeficiency is likely related to the sensitivity of lymphocytes to the accumulation of the ADA substrates adenosine and 2′-deoxyadenosine. Investigations using ADA-deficient mice have provided compelling evidence to support the hypothesis that T and B cells are sensitive to increased concentrations of 2′-deoxyadenosine that kill cells through mechanisms that involve the accumulation of dATP and the induction of apoptosis. In addition to effects on the developing immune system, ADA-deficient humans exhibit phenotypes in other physiological systems including the renal, neural, skeletal, and pulmonary systems. ADA-deficient mice develop similar abnormalities that are dependent on the accumulation of adenosine and 2′-deoxyadenosine. Detailed analysis of the pulmonary insufficiency seen in ADA-deficient mice suggests that the accumulation of adenosine in the lung can directly access cellular signaling pathways that lead to the development and exacerbation of chronic lung disease. The ability of adenosine to regulate aspects of chronic lung disease is likely mediated by specific interactions with adenosine receptor subtypes on key regulatory cells. Thus, the examination of ADA deficiency has identified the importance of purinergic signaling during lymphoid development and in the regulation of aspects of chronic lung disease.
The IrDA platform

Publisher Summary This chapter provides an introduction to the services provided by IrDA (Infrared Data Association) platform. These are services upon which new families of infrared-aware applications will be built. End users will not be tied to either applications or platforms from a single vendor. The key goals for the IrDA are interoperability, low cost, and ease of use. Interoperability is addressed through the creation of an open standard with widespread, multivendor support. Low cost refers to the marginal cost of adding an IrDA interface to products in high-volume manufacture. With some 130 member companies, the technology developed within the IrDA is available on just about every significant mobile computing platform. End users will be able to casually exchange, print, and share information from whole documents to snippets from a diary or a business card. They will be able to do this without the hassle of needing to have the right cables and without having to combat with pages of configuration and setup dialogues commonplace with serial and networked communication. The ease of use that is characteristic of IrDA applications is largely because of the device discovery and QoS negotiation facilities in IrLAP and the information access services specified in IrLMP.
The Eulerian Time Correlation Function in Homogeneous Isotropic Turbulence

Two general models are proposed for the Eulerian time correlation function in homogeneous isotropic turbulence. The first is based on continued fraction approximations to its Laplace transform, and the second is based on random sweeping by apossibl non-Gaussian velocity field. Both models can give reasonable quantitative agreement with DNS data for moderate time separations over which the time correlation functions at different wavenumbers exhibit a common self-similar form.
A Toolkit for Constructing Type- and Constraint-Based Program Analyses

BANE (the Berkeley Analysis Engine) is a publicly available toolkit for constructing type- and constraint-based program analyses. We describe the goals of the project, the rationale for BANE’s overall design, some examples coded in BANE, and briefly compare BANE with other program analysis frameworks.
A VoD Application Implemented in Java

This article describes an implementation of a Video-on-Demand (VoD) system for the VoD interoperability test laboratory of the National Institute of Standards and Technology. It describes how Java can be used to implement the client side of a DAVIC based client-server system, which consists of a video server and a Set-Top Unit (STU) client. The communication between the video server and the STU is based on the Digital Storage Media Command and Control (DSM-CC) protocols. The VoD application is defined as a set of Java classes. These classes implement the graphical interfaces for user navigation and control. While this system is compliant with DAVIC specifications, it also permits an elegant integration of DAVIC services to the Internet environment.
A Neurobiological Approach to Foreign Policy Analysis: Identifying Individual Differences in Political Violence

A great deal of foreign policy analysis relies on social and environmental factors, or anecdotal evidence. In seeking to address this problem in a more systematic manner, we move from an investigation centered around state actors to one focused on variation in individual behavior account for the combination of social, cultural, environmental, psychological, and biological differences. Our proposed approach to the study of political violence requires the integration of methods and skills from geneticists and neuroscientists with those in the behavioral and social sciences. Specifically, we seek to introduce an approach to study political violence which : (i) quantifies the effects of genes, environments, and their interaction on behavior; (ii) identifies specific genetic and environmental contexts that lead to such behavior; (iii) develops a comprehensive model of the biological and social pathways to political violence; (iv) identifies populations under specific circumstances which pose a higher or lower prevalence for any specific genes, neurobiological or environmental mechanisms which pose an increased liability for political violence; (v) develops mechanisms to identify individuals within given populations who are most at risk for committing violence, as well as those most resistant to such action; and (vi) creates environmental responses which can mitigate risk among those individuals.
Network Flow Constraints and Definitions of Travel Times

In this chapter, the constraints for dynamic traffic necessary for a urban transportation network are presented. These constraints include flow conservation for links and nodes, flow propagation, first-in-first-out (FIFO) and oversaturation. Associated with these constraints and different needs for dynamic travel time information, two definitions of travel time are considered.
Children lost within the foster care system: Can wraparound service strategies improve placement outcomes?

The proportion of children with emotional and behavioral disturbances within the foster care system in the United States is continuing to increase. Many of these children experience numerous placement changes each year, often into extremely restrictive settings. The Fostering Individualized Assistance Program (FIAP) study examined the feasibility of applying a wraparound strategy to these children and their foster, biological and/or adoptive families. This FIAP wraparound strategy paralleled the foster care system and involved the clinical case management of a broad range of individually tailored services, driven by a wraparound team of adult key players in each child's life. This was a controlled study which involved the random assignment of 132 children (ages 7–15 years) to the FIAP wraparound group or to a group that received usual foster care services. We provide a description of the FIAP wraparound intervention and findings that support the efficacy of this strategy in improving the placement outcomes for children lost in the foster care system. Discussion focuses on systemic and intervention factors that may be improved upon to strengthen future individualized wraparound processes and evaluation/research efforts.
Differential expression of mitochondrial DNA replication factors in mammalian tissues

Mitochondrial biogenesis and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) replication are regulated during development and in response to physiological stresses, but the regulatory events that control the abundance of mtDNA in cells of higher eukaryotes have not been defined at a molecular level. In this study, we observed that expression of the catalytic subunit of DNA polymerase γ (POLγCAT) mRNA varies little among different tissues and is not increased by continuous neural activation of skeletal muscle, a potent stimulus to mitochondrial biogenesis. Increased copy number for the POLγ locus in a human cell line bearing a partial duplication of chromosome 15 increased the abundance of POLγCAT mRNA without up-regulation of mtDNA. In contrast, expression of mitochondrial single-stranded DNA-binding (mtSSB) mRNA is regulated coordinately with variations in the abundance of mtDNA among tissues of mammalian organisms and is up-regulated in association with the enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis that characterizes early postnatal development of the heart and the adaptive response of skeletal myofibers to motor nerve stimulation. In addition, we noted that expression of mtSSB is concentrated within perinuclear mitochondria that constitute active sites of mtDNA replication. We conclude that constitutive expression of the gene encoding the catalytic subunit of mitochondrial DNA polymerase is sufficient to support physiological variations in mtDNA replication among specialized cell types, whereas expression of the mtSSB gene is controlled by molecular mechanisms acting to regulate mtDNA replication or stability in mammalian cells.
Friend or foe? Race, age, and inmate perceptions of inmate-staff relations

Abstract The correctional research literature is rife with studies of inmate adjustment patterns. Early studies assumed inmates were part of a monolithic whole, though later research suggested factors such as race, age, and socioeconomic status affect inmate adjustment to prison life. This research focused on the relationship between age and race/ethnicity and perceptions of one aspect of the institutional experience, inmate-staff relations. A survey of recently released Texas inmates revealed that race and age have a major impact on inmate perceptions of staff.
The role of emotional abuse in physically abusive relationships

Two hundred thirty four women were interviewed to assess the relationship of emotional abuse to physical abuse. Six major types of emotional abuse were identified. Analyses determined if the types of emotional abuse were related to the frequency and severity of physical abuse. Women in long-term abusive relationships were contrasted with women experiencing only short-term abuse. Other comparisons consisted of: women who thought emotional abuse was worse than physical abuse vs. women who thought the opposite; and women who could predict physical abuse from the emotional abuse were compared with those who could not. The extent to which the women believed the men's threats and ridicule or thought their abusive behavior was justified was used as a factor to determine the impact of emotional abuse. Future research should investigate emotional abuse patterns in nonbattering relationships for comparison with battered women's experiences.
Postoperative Assessment of Patients with Ventricular Septal Defect and Pulmonary Hypertension: Response to Intense Upright Exercise

Circulatory function of patients with operatively closed ventricular septal defect and preoperative pulmonary arterial hypertension was evaluated in 11 asymptomatic subjects at rest and during intense treadmill exercise three to 15 years after operation. The pulmonary-to-systemic resistance ratio was normal or mildly to moderately elevated preoperatively. Postoperative mean pulmonary arterial pressure at the time of study was normal or mildly elevated at rest in 10 patients and moderately elevated in one (40 mm Hg). During intense upright exercise sufficient to lower pulmonary arterial oxygen saturation to 30%, cardiac output was below the normal range in five patients. Each of these patients had been operated upon after 10 years of age. The magnitude of the postoperative abnormality in cardiac output response to exercise was directly related to age at operation. Two of the five patients with impaired cardiac output response and two other patients manifested an abnormally elevated mean pulmonary arterial pressure during intense exercise. There was a positive correlation between pulmonary arterial pressure during intense exercise and age at operation. These results indicate that late postoperative cardiovascular function may be abnormal in patients with ventricular septal defect and preoperative pulmonary arterial hypertension, and that these abnormalities appear to be related to age at operation. Since all patients were asymptomatic, the long-term clinical significance of these hemodynamic abnormalities remains to be determined.
Food Advertising During Children's Television Programming on Broadcast and Cable Channels

The rise in the number of overweight and obese children in the United States is recognized as a serious health threat. Among the factors contributing to this increase is the preponderance of food marketing on television targeted at children. Previous content analysis studies have identified patterns of food product types that are commonly associated with unhealthy diets, but few have attempted to independently evaluate the nutritional quality of advertised foods. This study identifies the nature and extent of food marketing messages presented during children's television programs, while also classifying the products advertised using a U.S. Department of Health and Human Services consumer food rating scheme. The findings indicate that food advertising accounts for nearly half of all commercial messages on children's programs. An average hour includes 11 food ads that account for 4:25 of total ad time. Broadcast channels deliver more food advertising than cable channels, although the types of food products marketed on both channels are highly similar. The overwhelming majority of foods ads directed to children are for high-calorie, low nutrient food products that should not be part of a regular diet. These data provide a baseline for evaluating anticipated future industry efforts at reform, such as attempts to comply with a recent Institute of Medicine (2006) policy recommendation that food marketing to children should be balanced between more healthy and less healthy food products within two years time.
Relative Contributions of Cystathionine β-Synthase and γ-Cystathionase to H2S Biogenesis via Alternative Trans-sulfuration Reactions

In mammals, the two enzymes in the trans-sulfuration pathway, cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) and cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE), are believed to be chiefly responsible for hydrogen sulfide (H2S) biogenesis. In this study, we report a detailed kinetic analysis of the human and yeast CBS-catalyzed reactions that result in H2S generation. CBS from both organisms shows a marked preference for H2S generation by β-replacement of cysteine by homocysteine. The alternative H2S-generating reactions, i.e. β-elimination of cysteine to generate serine or condensation of 2 mol of cysteine to generate lanthionine, are quantitatively less significant. The kinetic data were employed to simulate the turnover numbers of the various CBS-catalyzed reactions at physiologically relevant substrate concentrations. At equimolar concentrations of CBS and CSE, the simulations predict that H2S production by CBS would account for ∼25–70% of the total H2S generated via the trans-sulfuration pathway depending on the extent of allosteric activation of CBS by S-adenosylmethionine. The relative contribution of CBS to H2S genesis is expected to decrease under hyperhomocysteinemic conditions. CBS is predicted to be virtually the sole source of lanthionine, and CSE, but not CBS, efficiently cleaves lanthionine. The insensitivity of the CBS-catalyzed H2S-generating reactions to the grade of hyperhomocysteinemia is in stark contrast to the responsiveness of CSE and suggests a previously unrecognized role for CSE in intracellular homocysteine management. Finally, our studies reveal that the profligacy of the trans-sulfuration pathway results not only in a multiplicity of H2S-yielding reactions but also yields novel thioether metabolites, thus increasing the complexity of the sulfur metabolome.
Do Satisfied Employees Satisfy Customers? Support-Services Staff Morale and Satisfaction Among Public School Administrators, Students, and Parents

Data were obtained from school staff (N= 1,567) who provided support services to schools in a major metropolitan school district. These data were analyzed in relation to data obtained from 3 customer groups (school administrators, students, and parents) who provided ratings of their satisfaction with services. Several aspects of employee morale (e. g., quality of supervision, teamwork, and goal clarity, along with workgroup service climate) were significantly and positively related to administrator and parent satisfaction, but not to student satisfaction. Relations of employee morale and workgroup service climate to administrator satisfaction and parent satisfaction were moderated by customer contact with employees. Results are discussed in relation to expectations of customers and employees that affect the nature of the service-exchange interaction.
Spin-rotation-invariant slave-boson approach to the Hubbard model

We present a slave-boson representation for the Hubbard model, introducing Bose fields for the empty, singly, and doubly occupied sites and show that the boson for the singly occupied site must transform as a tensor of rank two under spin rotations. This generalizes the formulation of Kotliar and Ruckenstein, which is not manifestly spin-rotation invariant. The paramagnetic saddle point of the corresponding functional integral is identical to Gutzwiller's solution. As an illustration of the method, we calculate the ${T}^{3}$lnT spin-fluctuation contribution to the specific heat and find it to be fully consistent with Fermi-liquid theory. We discuss further applications of this approach.
Adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix.

Abstract Adenocarcinoma of the cervix represented 12.7% of all cervical carcinomas seen at the University of Washington. The mean age of 66 patients with adenocarinoma of the cervix was not significantly different from the mean age of those with squamous cell carcinoma and was 43.6 (range 15–83). Seventy-six percent of the patients were assigned to Stage I disease. Stage II disease was diagnosed in 15% and Stages III–IV represented 9%. The pathologic diagnosis included adenocarcinoma in 50 patients, adenosquamous carcinoma in 9, clear cell carcinoma in 5, and adenoid cystic carcinoma in 2. The survival rate was directly related to the stage of disease and to the presence or absence of lymph node metastasis. The recurrence rate was significantly higher in adenocarcinoma of the cervix with node metastasis when compared with a similar group of patients with squamous cell carcinoma.
Implementing best-practice guidelines for schizophrenia in a public-sector institution.

During the 1990s significant changes took place in the practice of psychiatry, particularly in the treatment of schizophrenia and related disorders (1). These changes were the result of a combination of factors, including deinstitutionalization, the availability of new medications, and managed care. Managed care has prompted the need to demonstrate the efficacy and effectiveness of new medications and other evidence-based interventions to support their incorporation in clinical practice. Published guidelines for the treatment of schizophrenia (2,3) provide a framework of reference that includes expert consensus and research evidence supporting a rational approach to disease management. Most guidelines are general, and their implementation has been left up to practitioners and organizations. The extent to which clinical sites conform to guidelines varies, partly because of differences in financial support and the availability of other resources (4). This column describes the experience of clinicians working in a publicsector institution in implementing best-practice guidelines for schizophrenia. Setting
QUANTUM YIELD RATIO OF THE FORWARD and BACK LIGHT REACTIONS OF BACTERIORHODOPSIN T LOW TEMPERATURE and PHOTOSTEADY-STATE CONCENTRATION OF THE BATHOPRODUCT K*

The maximum photosteady state fraction of K, xKmax, and the ratio of the quantum yields of the forward and back light reactions, trans-bacteriorhodopsin (bR) hArr; K, φbR/φK, were obtained by measuring the absorption changes produced by illumination of frozen water-glycerol (1:2) suspensions of light-adapted purple membrane at different wavelengths at -165°C. An independent method based on the second derivative of the absorption spectrum in the region of the β-bands was also used. It was found that The quantum yield ratio (0.66 ± 0.06) was found to be independent of excitation wavelength within experimental error in the range510–610 nm. The calculated absorption spectrum of K has its maximum at603–606 nm and an extinction 0.85 ± 0.03 that of bR. At shorter wavelengths there are P-bands at 410, 354 and 336 rim. Using the data of Hurley et al. (Nature 270,540–542, 1977) on relative rates of rhodopsin bleaching and K formation, the quantum yield of K formation was determined to be 0.66 ± 0.04 at low temperature. The quantum efficiency of the back reaction was estimated to be 0.93 ± 0.07. These values of quantum efficiencies of the forward and back light reactions of bR at - 165°C coincide with those recently obtained at room temperature. This indicates that the quantum efficiencies of both forward and back light reactions of bacteriorhodopsin are temperature independent down to -165°C.
Quasi-static crush behavior of aluminum honeycomb specimens under non-proportional compression-dominant combined loads

Abstract The quasi-static crush behavior of aluminum 5052-H38 honeycomb specimens under non-proportional compression-dominant combined loads is investigated by experiments. A test fixture was designed such that dominant compressive and shear loads with respect to the strongest material symmetry direction can be controlled and applied independently. Compression-dominant combined loads and pure compressive loads were applied in different sequences to induce non-proportional combined loads. The experimental results show that the normal crush and shear strengths in combined loading regions and the normal crush strengths in pure compressive loading regions of the non-proportional combined loads are quite consistent with the existing phenomenological yield criterion based on the experimental normal crush and shear strengths under proportional combined loads. The experimental results also indicate that the sequence of loading paths for the non-proportional combined loads does not affect the crush strengths when compared with those obtained under proportional combined loads. In addition, the experimental results indicate that the non-normality plastic flow behavior of honeycomb specimens under non-proportional combined loads is consistent with that under proportional combined loads. Finally, specimens crushed under non-proportional combined loads show developments of different stacking patterns of folds in different loading regions of the non-proportional combined loads. The experimental results suggest that the incremental stress–strain relation for the transition loading path within the so-called yield surface from one yield state to another may be related to the displacement increments that correspond to the change of microscopic folding mechanisms instead of the usual elastic relation according to the classical plasticity theory.
A New Superconducting Heavy Ion Accelerating Structure Using Chemically Polished Lead Surfaces

A new heavy ion accelerating structure has been developed which together with a parallel development in chemical polishing techniques makes possible very high accelerating fields for a wide range of particle velocities using inexpensive and easily handled materials. This "Split Ring" accelerating structure has a peak magnetic field approximately one third that of other inductively loaded accelerating structures (less than 10OG at 1MV/m accelerating field) and a peak electric field less than 6 times the effective accelerating field. In addition, a chemical polishing technique appropriate for use on electroplated lead surfaces has been developed which greatly reduces the electric field emission of electrons from the surface. Surface fields greater than 25MV/m have been obtained in superconducting resonators with polished lead surfaces with no detectable loss due to field emission. Using these techniques, we have achieved an accelerating field greater than 4 MV/m in a superconducting structure and have begun long term tests. Preliminary results indicate no surface degradation at high fields (> 3MV/m) for relatively long times (14 hours).
Abstract A32: Fractalkine receptor, CX3CR1, Can regulate the response of ovarian carcinoma cells to radiation therapy

Ovarian carcinoma is a leading cause of death from gynecologic malignancies. The current treatment, a combination of chemotherapy and radiation, fails to keep patients in remission. Therefore, mechanistical understanding of the disease and modifications of the therapy could offer benefits to overcome current problems and combat the disease. Fractalkine receptor (CX3CR1) belongs to a chemokine family of G protein-coupled receptors, the most frequently and successfully drug-targeted group of proteins. Previous publications show that interaction of chemokines with their receptors plays an important role in homing distant metastasis, as well as promoting migration, adhesion, and proliferation in many types of cancer. X-Ray radiotherapy is a well-developed method of anti-cancer treatment, however, it is seldom used against ovarian carcinoma due to multiple reasons, including dose-related effects. Hence, strategies for reducing the dose of radiation while keeping its efficiency at a therapeutically effective level could provide rational for developing approaches for a more wide-spread use of this method. Our data indicate that transient downregulation of CX3CR1 in p53-null cells and p53-mutant cells but not in p53 wild-type ovarian carcinoma cell lines can lead to approximately 50% sensitization to x-ray radiation, as determined by the clonogenic assay. Importantly, our in vivo studies demonstrated that a transient downregulation of CX3CR1 in combination with x-ray radiation led to approximately 50% reduction of tumor weights compared to either downregulation of CX3CR1 or x-ray radiation alone. We are currently characterizing the detailed mechanisms behind the CX3CR1-dependent radiosensitization, including those related to changes in cell cycle progression, involvement of cellular reactive oxygen species accumulation and regulation of DNA single and double strand break repair. Taken together, our date indicate that disruption of the CX3CR1 signaling could sensitize ovarian carcinoma to radiation therapy. Citation Format: Jia Xie, Hilal Gurler, Maria Barbolina. Fractalkine receptor, CX3CR1, Can regulate the response of ovarian carcinoma cells to radiation therapy. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Ovarian Cancer Research: From Concept to Clinic; Sep 18-21, 2013; Miami, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2013;19(19 Suppl):Abstract nr A32.
Caldesmon: A Bifunctional (Calmodulin and Actin) Binding Protein Which Regulates Stimulated Gonadotropin Release

Calmodulin (CaM) serves as an intracellular Ca2+ receptor in the gonadotrope and appears to mediate GnRH-stimulated gonadotropin release. Recently we have specifically identified three CaM binding proteins of the gonadotrope as calcineurin, caldesmon, and spectrin. Caldesmon (identified by seven polyclonal and a monoclonal antibody, as well as by functional characteristics) appears to be a CaM-regulated, Factin binding, protein. This 84,000 mol wt component (CaD84) is heat stable and cosediments with F-actin in the absence of Ca2+. In the presence of Ca2+ (>1 μM) this protein disassociates from F-actin and reassociates with calmodulin. We have prepared an antibody which blocks the caldesmon-actin interaction. In the present study, we have loaded this antibody into cells to prevent the (re-)association of caldesmon with F-actin. This treatment synergistically augments the ability of GnRH and other secretogogues (maitotoxin, phorbol myristyl acetate) to stimulate gonadotropin release from the pituitary. Thi...
Relationship between sleep disturbance and recovery in patients with borderline personality disorder

Objective Patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) frequently experience sleep disturbance, however, the role of sleep quality in the course of BPD is unknown. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the cross-sectional association between sleep quality and recovery status (symptomatic remission plus good concurrent psychosocial functioning) in a well-characterized cohort of patients with BPD to examine the role of sleep disturbance in the course of the disorder.
The role of surface roughness and contact deformation on the hydrodynamic detachment of particles from surfaces

Abstract The effects of elastic deformation and surface roughness on the hydrodynamic detachment of colloidal particles from surfaces have been studied. Experimental results for glass and polystyrene particles on glass and mica substrates are reported. A theoretical model is developed using a Green's function formulation to explain the origin of the restraining torque acting on the particle. Two limiting situations are analyzed: (a) rigid sphere on a deformable substrate and, (b) deformable sphere on a rigid substrate. It is concluded that surface roughness is a necessary condition to account for the observed critical hydrodynamic force. The magnitude of this critical force has been found to depend on three competing factors: particle roughness, roughness of the substrate, and the extent of contact deformation.
Beginnings and connections

A survey of Manuel Cardona's research on pressure and strain effects in solids is presented along with some anecdotal material.
Methods of Attitude Assessment for Medical Teachers.

Summary A variety of methods to assess attitudes toward patient care, the medical profession and medical education have been described. Direct, written methods have been most widespread; they are most useful with anonymous respondents when group, rather than individual, data are sought. Examples of disguised, written and audio-visual methods were also presented to stimulate readers to experiment with these approaches. Finally, observational methods were reviewed to capture behaviours in real and simulated situations that reflect attitudes.
Potentiation of vitamin A hepatotoxicity by butylated hydroxytoluene.

Abstract The interaction between the natural vitamin A ester retinyl acetate (RA) and the phenolic antioxidant butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) in the induction of biliary hyperplasia and hepatic fibrosis in female Sprague-Dawley rats was characterized. Using a 3 × 3 matrix design, rats were fed diets supplemented with (per kilogram diet) 0, 125, or 250 mg RA and/or 0, 2500, or 5000 mg BHT. The 125-mg dose of RA induced no gross hepatotoxicity, while the 250-mg dose of RA induced a low incidence of hepatic fibrosis in rats examined after 120 and 180 days of exposure. Exposure to BHT alone induced hepatocellular hypertrophy and dose-related increases in liver weight, but no hepatocellular pathology. Simultaneous administration of RA plus BHT resulted in significant increases in the incidence of biliary hyperplasia and hepatic fibrosis compared to that induced by RA alone. BHT reduced total hepatic vitamin A content at all RA dose levels. Thus, mechanisms other than increases in liver vitamin A levels must underlie the potentiation by BHT of RA hepatotoxicity.
COMPUTATION OF THE FREE SURFACE FLOW OF A THIN LIQUID FILM AT ZERO AND NORMAL GRAVITY

The results of numerical computations are presented for the free surface flow of a thin liquid film in the presence or absence of a gravitational body force. Three different flow systems were studied: a falling film down a vertical wall, plane and radial film flows under zero gravity, and plane and radial film flows along a horizontal plate in the presence of gravity. Computations were performed using a boundary-fitted coordinate system where the irregular free surface conformed to one of the flow boundaries. The distributions of film height and friction coefficient were found to be strongly affected by the magnitude and orientation of the gravitational body force. Besides the Reynolds number, the Froude number of the film, which characterizes the flow regime (i.e., supercritical or subcritical), is found to be an important parameter for horizontal flow in the presence of gravity.
Evaluation of sharpness measures and search algorithms for the auto focusing of high-magnification images

Digital imaging systems with extreme zoom capabilities are traditionally found in astronomy and wild life monitoring. More recently, the need for such capabilities has extended to long range surveillance and wide area monitoring such as forest fires, airport perimeters, harbors, and waterways. Auto-focusing is an indispensable function for imaging systems designed for such applications. This paper studies the feasibility of an image based passive auto-focusing control for high magnification systems based on off-the-shelf telescopes and digital cameras/camcorders, with concentration on two associated elements: the cost function (usually the image sharpness measure) and the search strategy. An extensive review of existing sharpness measures and search algorithms is conducted and their performances compared. In addition, their applicability and adaptability to a wide range of high magnifications (50×~1500×) are addressed. This study builds up the foundation for the development of auto-focusing schemes with particular applications to high magnification systems.
Activity-driven sharpening of the retinotectal projection: the search for retrograde synaptic signaling pathways.

Patterned visual activity, acting via NMDA receptors, refines developing retinotectal maps by shaping individual retinal arbors. Because NMDA receptors are postsynaptic but the retinal arbors are presynaptic, there must be retrograde signals generated downstream of Ca++ entry through NMDA receptors that direct the presynaptic retinal terminals to stabilize and grow or to withdraw. This review defines criteria for retrograde synaptic messengers, and then applies them to the leading candidates: nitric oxide (NO), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and arachidonic acid (AA). NO is not likely to be a general mechanism, as it operates only in selected projections of warm blooded vertebrates to speed up synaptic refinement, but is not essential. BDNF is a neurotrophin with strong growth promoting properties and complex interactions with activity both in its release and receptor signaling, but may modulate rather than mediate the retrograde signaling. AA promotes growth and stabilization of synaptic terminals by tapping into a pre-existing axonal growth-promoting pathway that is utilized by L1, NCAM, N-cadherin, and FGF and acts via PKC, GAP43, and F-actin stabilization, and it shares some overlap with BDNF pathways. The actions of both are consistent with recent demonstrations that activity-driven stabilization includes directed growth of new synaptic contacts. Certain nondiffusible factors (synapse-specific CAMs, ephrins, neurexin/neuroligin, and matrix molecules) may also play a role in activity-driven synapse stabilization. Interactions between these pathways are discussed. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Neurobiol 59: 114–133, 2004
The Effect of Early Physical Therapy Intervention Following Elbow Fracture in a Postmenopausal Female with Multiple Medical Problems

Achievement of optimal level of functioning of a patient or client must be one of the main goals of any physical therapy intervention. To achieve this, the physical therapist must look at the interaction of multiple body systems, evaluate and identify disabilities and impairments based on these interactions, and design treatment plans that treat the person as a whole. This evaluation may become complex as the clinician recognizes the significant contribution of associated medical conditions and risk factors in the individual's prognosis and expected outcomes. This case report illustrates the importance of these concepts in the optimal rehabilitation of an individual who sustained an elbow fracture with displacement, and has numerous preexisting medical conditions and risk factors that at the outset may appear to be significant complicating factors in her progress following therapy. Central to her achievement of favorable results included early medical and physical therapy intervention. Key components of the therapeutic intervention include AROM/ PROM to the joint, appropriate scar tissue mobilization and steady progress into functional activities. From the therapist's perspective, it was important to address the injury at hand as well as the various comorbidities affecting the main problem. From the standpoint of the subject, empowerment of the individual to her own health and well-being provided the necessary motivation to achieve optimal function.
Behavior of Transition-Region Lines during Impulsive Solar Flares

We describe briefly the Ultraviolet Spectrometer and Polarimeter on the Solar Maximum Mission and discuss data pertaining to the emissions observed in lines originating in the transition-region plasma, particularly during impulsive flares. The data pertain to lines from the following ions: SiII, CIV, OIV, SiIV, OV, and FeXXI.
The pathogenesis of Epstein-Barr virus persistent infection

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) maintains a lifelong infection. According to the germinal center model (GCM), latently infected B cells transit the germinal center (GC) to become resting memory cells. Here, the virus resides quiescently, occasionally reactivating to infect new B cells, completing the cycle of infection. The GCM remains the only model that explains EBV biology and the pathogenesis of lymphoma. Recent work suggests modifications to the model notably that the virus contributes only modestly to the GC process and predictions from mathematical models that quiescence within memory B cells shapes the overall structure of viral infection but is not essential for persistence. Rather, it is the cycle of infection which allows viral persistence at the very low levels observed.
Creep behavior of dispersion-strengthened Ni3Al intermetallic processed using reactive atomization and deposition

Reactive atomization and deposition (RAD) is a new processing technique that has been developed to synthesize dispersion-strengthened materials. The RAD process offers the opportunity for in-situ, continuous control over alloy composition and chemical reactions between atomized droplets and atomization gas. By carefully selecting combinations of alloying additions and reactive gas on the basis of thermodynamic considerations, it is possible to use RAD processing to synthesize materials containing in-situ dispersoids, such as oxides, carbides and nitrides. The objective of the present study is to investigate the creep behavior of the RAD processed polycrystalline Ni{sub 3}Al (Y,B) at elevated temperatures, and thereby identify the rate-controlling mechanisms during creep deformation and the effects of the in-situ oxides that originate from the RAD process.