cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
CHLOROPHYLL ONE-ELECTRON PHOTOCHEMISTRY: LIGHT-INDUCED ABSORBANCE CHANGES AND ESR SIGNALS FOR VARIOUS PORPHYRIN-QUINONE AND HYDROQUINONE SYSTEMS IN ALCOHOL SOLVENTS*

— Light-dark optical difference spectra of degassed ethanol or pyridine solutions of chlorophyll and benzoquinone or hydroquinone at temperatures above — 50°C show only the semiquinone absorbance band. Decay of the signals is second order, with a rate constant in agreement with earlier ESR results. Light-induced optical changes due to chlorophyll can be elicited by lowering the temperature of ethanol solutions of chlorophyll and benzoquinone to a region of high viscosity. Hydroquinone is not effective in producing these optical changes. Similar results are achieved at room temperature by using as solvent a degassed mixture of the alcohols: cyclohexanol, tert-butanol, and ethanol (CBE). Difference spectra show bleaching of the chlorophyll bands and increased absorbance in the intermediate wavelength region (460–580 nm). Decay kinetics are first order, while the rise is complicated (probably biphasic). ESR signals have no hyperfine structure and also decay by first order kinetics, at a rate which is faster than that of the optical changes. The ESR signals reach a steady state more rapidly than the optical signals, without biphasic kinetics. These results demonstrate that at least two species are generated. Addition of acid increases the amount of bleaching in CBE, while small amounts of base decrease it. Larger amounts of base cause chlorophyll bleaching to completely disappear and only the semiquinone anion is observed. Activation energies for the chlorophyll a-benzoquinone photoreaction in CBE are 10–14 kcal/mole. Lower potential quinones give lower activation energies. The rate constant for quenching of the triplet state of chlorophyll a by β-carotene in CBE is 7.5±0.5×108 (M set)-1. β-carotene also quenches photoproduct formation. The bimolecular rate constant for formation of the photoproduct with benzoquinone was calculated to be 7×108 (Msec)-1. The redox potential of the quinone affects both the magnitude of the chlorophyll absorbance changes and the rate of decay. The higher the potential, the larger the changes and the slower the decay. Other porphyrin systems show similar photoreactions only if they are chelated with a group II metal, such as Mg2+, Cd+2, or Zn+2. The results are interpreted in terms of the formation, by a triplet-sensitized one-electron transfer from solvent to quinone, of a chlorophyll-semiquinone complex which is stabilized via coordination with the chelated metal.
Examination of the Mechanism of Human Brain Aspartoacylase through the Binding of an Intermediate Analogue

Canavan disease is a fatal neurological disorder caused by the malfunctioning of a single metabolic enzyme, aspartoacylase, that catalyzes the deacetylation of N-acetyl-l-aspartate to produce l-aspartate and acetate. The structure of human brain aspartoacylase has been determined in complex with a stable tetrahedral intermediate analogue, N-phosphonomethyl-l-aspartate. This potent inhibitor forms multiple interactions between each of its heteroatoms and the substrate binding groups arrayed within the active site. The binding of the catalytic intermediate analogue induces the conformational ordering of several substrate binding groups, thereby setting up the active site for catalysis. The highly ordered binding of this inhibitor has allowed assignments to be made for substrate binding groups and provides strong support for a carboxypeptidase-type mechanism for the hydrolysis of the amide bond of the substrate, N-acetyl-l-aspartate.
Electrochemical oxidation of 6-hydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carboline in aqueous solution

Abstract The electrochemical oxidation of 6-hydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carboline ( 1 ), an alkaloid which occurs naturally in the mammalian brain, has been studied in aqueous solution particularly at physiological pH. The first voltammetric oxidation peak of 1 observed at the pyrolytic graphite electrode generates a radical intermediate which dimerizes to give 5,5′-bi-(6-hydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carboline) ( 3 ). However, the putative radical intermediate can also be further oxidized (1e) to give a C(5)-centered carbocation which can either dimerize in an ion-substrate reaction to give 3 or be attacked by water to give 5,6-dihydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carboline ( 8 ) which is rapidly oxidized further to 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carboline-5,6-dione ( 9 ). In the presence of glutathione dione 9 forms the 8- S -glutathionyl conjugate of 8 which is easily oxidized to the 8- S -glutathionyl conjugate of 9 . It is suggested that 1 might be an alkaloid which is elevated in the brain as a result of chronic alcoholism, and the roles of the oxidative transformations of this compound in some of the addictive and neurophathological consequences of ethanol consumption are discussed.
A magnetostatic-coupling based remote query sensor for environmental monitoring

A new type of in situ, remotely monitored magnetism-based sensor is presented that is comprised of an array of magnetically soft, magnetostatically-coupled ferromagnetic thin-film elements or particles combined with a chemically responsive material that swells or shrinks in response to the analyte of interest. As the chemically responsive material changes size the distance between the ferromagnetic elements changes, altering the inter-element magnetostatic coupling. This in turn changes the coercive force of the sensor, the amplitude of the voltage spikes detected in nearby pick-up coils upon magnetization reversal and the number of higher-order harmonics generated by the flux reversal. Since the sensor is monitored through changes in magnetic flux, no physical connections such as wires or cables are needed to obtain sensor information, nor is line of sight alignment required as with laser telemetry; the sensors can be detected from within sealed, opaque or thin metallic enclosures.
Injured Eurasian Ruffe, Gymnocephalus cernuus, Release an Alarm Pheromone that Could be Used to Control their Dispersal

Abstract Eurasian ruffe, an undesirable species of fish that was introduced into the Great Lakes from Eurasia, employs an alarm pheromone which might be useful in bio-control. This pheromone is released from ruffe skin when it is damaged and serves to reduce the swimming and feeding activity of exposed conspecifics while repelling fish from areas treated with it. Responsiveness to this cue is mediated by the olfactory sense and highly specific: ruffe do not respond to the odor of damaged heterospecifics, and heterospecifics (goldfish) do not respond to it. The pheromone retains its activity with freezing but not with passage through the gut of a predator. Extracts of frozen ruffe skin should be considered for use as a repellant to exclude ruffe from areas where they are not wanted such as harbors where ships take on ballast water, spawning grounds, or passages connected to inland waterways.
Green Light for Steroid Hormones

Plants do not use steroid hormones for intercellular communication. In his Perspective, D. Russell describes how this truism is now proven incorrect by two papers—one in this week's issue of Science (Li et al ., [p. 398][1]) and one in the 19 April issue of Cell (M. Szekeres et al .)—in which two enzymes that synthesize steroid hormones are cloned from Arabidopsis . These enzymes, DET2 and CPD, are in the biosynthetic pathway for brassinolides, steroids that seem to participate in the regulation of gene expression by light. [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.272.5260.398
“[O]ur American kinsman”: British Nationalism and Book Reviews of American Literature in the 1840s

British book reviews of the 1840s, particularly those analyzing the merit of American literature, provide us with an opportunity to examine how the transatlantic literary scene contributes to nation building. In examining periodical literature as a critical messenger in the circuit of transatlantic intellectual exchange, I argue that the rhetoric of Tory and Whig British reviewers of American literature were profoundly self-reflexive, demonstrating that nationalism requires the construction of dual imagined communities: within the nation and without. This literary practice, when seen as nationalist writing, suggests an invested interest not only in the shaping of an American imaginary for their audiences but also in the inevitable creation of conservative or liberal national identities for Britain.
Ultraviolet Spectroscopy of Polar Coronal Jets

We have observed a total of five UVCS/SOHO polar jets that correlate with the Extreme-Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (EIT) and Large Angle Spectrometric Coronagraph (LASCO) jet events. We analyzed spectroscopic observations of these jets and found that they typically undergo two phases: at the first phase the O VI lines show a brief intensity enhancement (by a factor of 1.4) and narrowing (by a factor of 0.8), while the H I Lyα line is not enhanced, and the second phase, about 25 minutes later, when the H I Lyα line shows an intensity enhancement (by a factor of 1.3) and narrowing (by a factor of 0.8), while the O VI line is relatively unchanged. We modeled the observable properties of the jets from 1997 August 5, detected at 1.71 R☉. We interpret the first phase as the fast, dense centroid of the jet passing by the UVCS slit. The empirical jet model was able to reproduce the observed line properties with electron density enhancement by a factor of 3.2 (with a resulting density of 4.5 × 106 cm-3), an electron temperature decrease (change by a factor of 0.50 to 750,000 K), and the centroid outflow velocity larger than 280 km s-1. During the second phase, the model required a further decrease in the electron temperature (change by a factor of 0.10, with a jet temperature of only 150,000 K), along with a weaker electron density (1.7 × 106 cm-3) and an outflow velocity of 205 km s-1. Possible scenarios of the electron temperature variations needed to account for observed conditions on 1997 August 5 indicate that some heating is required. We computed models of the temperature and nonequilibrium ionization state of an expanding plasma using various forms for the heating rates. We found that the jet had to leave the Sun at an electron temperature below 2.5 × 106 K and that a heating rate of the same order as the average coronal hole heating is required. Such low initial temperatures are consistent with the idea that the jets observed by LASCO, EIT, and UVCS are different than previously observed coronal X-ray jets.
The frequency spectrum of pulse width modulated signals

The determination of the frequency spectrum of a pulse width modulated (PWM) signal with general band-limited input x(t) has been an open problem for many years. We describe a new approach that gives exact analytical expressions for the spectra of uniform-sampling PWM signals and natural-sampling PWM signals with single-edge as well as with double-edge modulation. For the special case of single tone modulating signals, our results reduce to those obtained previously using a double Fourier series method. We also show that if the maximum magnitude of the derivative of x(t) is smaller than twice the carrier frequency, then a PWM signal consists of a baseband signal y(t) together with y(t) phase-modulated onto each carrier harmonic, where, for uniform-sampling PWM, y(t) is a nonlinear function of the modulating signal x(t), while for natural-sampling PWM, y(t) is just x(t) itself, that is, there is no distortion in the baseband when natural sampling is used.
Surface-enhanced second-harmonic diffraction: Experimental investigation of selective enhancement

Recent theoretical predictions demonstrating large enhancements of second-harmonic diffraction through the control of surface harmonic composition when the surface-plasmon polariton (SPP) is excited on a corrugated silver surface have been investigated experimentally for the specular order. Interpretation of the mechanism of enhancement in terms of a three-step selective scattering process involving only two spatial harmonics has been found to be justified. Fourier blaze holography, which permits the phase- and amplitude-controlled superposition of multiple harmonics in photoresist, has been used to fabricate the nanostructured, biperiodic gratings. Surfaces have been characterized by atomic force microscopy and Heitmann's method. As predicted, surfaces with optimized spatial frequency composition equal or exceed randomly rough surfaces in the enhancement of second-harmonic reflection relative to a flat silver surface. Enhancement produced by simultaneous excitation of counterpropagating SPP modes at the pump and second-harmonic frequencies has also been detected by varying grating wave vector to tune through a double resonance condition. Factors affecting the quantitative agreement between enhancement measurements and theoretical predictions are briefly discussed. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Performance evaluation criteria for use of enhanced heat transfer surfaces in heat exchanger design

Abstract This study extends previous work of Bergles and Webb to establish a broad range of Performance Evaluation Criteria (PEC) applicable to single phase flow in tubes. The equations include the effects of shellside enhancement and fouling and are applicable to roughness and internally finned tubes. Detailed procedures are outlined to calculate the performance improvement and to select the ‘optimum’ surface geometry. PEC are presented for four design cases:(1) reduced heat exchanger material; (2) increased heat duty; (3) reduced log-mean temperature difference; and (4) reduced pumping power. The 11 cases discussed include fixed flow area and variable flow area. Appropriate PEC for two-phase exchangers area also discussed.
Stability of a sloping interface in a rotating two-fluid system

When two incompressible homogeneous fluids in relative motion are stratified in a gravitationally stable configuration and are subjected to rotation about a vertical axis, the interface and the free surface slope away from the horizontal. Such a system possesses rotational modes of oscillation in addition to the external and internal gravitational modes. The dynamic stability of small amplitude motions superimposed on this system is studied. For unstable modes, the phase speeds and the growth rates are presented as a function of wavelength of the perturbations and shear of the basic flow. In particular, it is shown that the instability can occur as a result of a coupling between an internal gravitational mode and a rotational mode. DOI: 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1970.tb00515.x
Milk production increases following treatment of subclinical parasitisms in Wisconsin dairy cattle.

Abstract Extract Over the past 20 years a series of surveys based on worm egg counts has been conducted on the prevalence of worm parasitisms in Wisconsin dairy cattle. In full acceptance of the many uses, limitations and interpretations of egg counts, these nevertheless have led us to conclude that, when eggs are found, live worms are present within the cattle, that is, that active and important parasitisms are present. Our first state-wide surveys of Wisconsin dairy herds, conducted in the early 1950s, established universal prevalence of active worm parasitisms in the herds, and the latest stated-wide surveys in the 1970s established the same continuous prevalence (Cox and Todd, 1962; Meyers, 1970; Todd et al., 1972; Bliss, 1973; Bliss and Todd, 1973). In the past 20 years the parasitisms have not been controlled, have scarcely ever been treated until recent years, and have not declined.
Apolipoprotein E genotype modifies the risk of behavior problems after infant cardiac surgery.

OBJECTIVE The goal was to evaluate polymorphisms of the APOE gene as modifiers of neurobehavioral outcomes for preschool-aged children with congenital heart defects, after cardiac surgery. METHODS A prospective observational study with neurodevelopmental evaluation between the fourth and fifth birthdays was performed. Attention and behavioral skills were assessed through parental report. RESULTS Parents of 380 children completed the neurobehavioral measures. Child Behavior Checklist scores for the pervasive developmental problem scale were in the at-risk or clinically significant range for 15% of the cohort, compared with 9% for the normative data (P < .00001). Attention problem scores were in the at-risk or clinically significant range for 12% of the cohort, compared with 7% for the normative data (P = .0002). The Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Rating Scale-IV, Preschool Version, was completed for 378 children; 30% scored in the clinically significant range for inattention and 22% for impulsivity. After adjustment for covariates, the APOE epsilon2 allele was significantly associated with higher scores (worse problems) for multiple Child Behavior Checklist indices, including somatic complaints (P = .009), pervasive developmental problems (P = .032), and internalizing problems (P = .009). In each case, the epsilon4 allele was associated with a better outcome. APOE epsilon2 carriers had impaired social skills, compared with epsilon4 carriers (P = .009). CONCLUSIONS For preschool-aged children with congenital heart defects requiring surgery, parental rating scales showed an increased prevalence of restricted behavior patterns, inattention, and impaired social interactions. The APOE epsilon2 allele was associated with increased behavior problems, impaired social interactions, and restricted behavior patterns.
3-Methylglutaconyl-coenzyme-A hydratase deficiency: a new case.

Patients presenting with increased urinary excretion of combined 3-methylglutaconic (3-MGC) and 3-methylglutaric (3-MGR) acids represent diverse clinical syndromes. Type I syndrome manifests retardation of speech development and deficient activity of 3-methylglutaconyl-coenzyme A (3-MG-CoA) hydratase in extracts of cultured cells (Narisawa et al 1986). Type II syndrome is that of dilated cardiomyopathy, growth retardation and neutropenia (Kelley et al 1989)
A Heat Plate Leading Edge for Hypersonic Vehicles

The intense thermal flux at the leading edges of hypersonic vehicles (traveling at Mach 5 and greater) requires creative thermal management strategies to prevent damage to leading edge components. Carbon fiber composites and/or ablative coatings have been widely utilized to mitigate the effects of the impinging heat flux. This paper focuses on an alternative, metallic leading edge heat pipe concept which combines efficient structural load support and thermal management. The passive concept is based on high thermal conductance heat pipes which redistribute the high heat flux at the leading edge stagnation point through the evaporation, vapor flow, and condensation of a working fluid to a location far from the heat source. Structural efficiency is provided by a sandwich construction using an open-cell core that also allows for vapor flow. A low temperature proof-of-concept copper–water system has been investigated by experimentation. Measuring of the axial temperature profile indicates effective spreading of thermal energy, a lowering of the maximum temperature and reduced overall thermal gradient compared to a non-heat pipe leading edge. A simple transient analytical model based on lumped thermal capacitance theory is compared with the experimental results. The low-temperature prototype shows potential for higher temperature metallic leading edges that can withstand the hypersonic thermo-mechanical environment.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
Effects of progestin-only contraceptives on the phenotype and function of female reproductive tract CD4+ and CD8+ T cells

Methods Participants using either DMPA (n=15) or the LNG iUS (n=19) for at least 3 months and women using no hormonal contraceptives (n=24) were recruited. Endocervical curettage, endocervical cytobrush, and endometrial biopsy were obtained from all women. Expression of T cell activation markers, memory/effector differentiation markers and HIV co receptors were assessed by multiparameter flow cytometry. CD4+ and CD8+ T cells producing CD107a, IL-10, IL-2, IFNg, MIP1b and IL-17 were measured after stimulation with PMA/ionomycin or staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB).
Alveolar-arterial oxygen gradients in elderly patients with suspected pulmonary embolism

Study objective: To determine the usefulness of the alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient for detecting pulmonary embolism in elderly patients presenting to the emergency department. Design: Retrospective cohort analysis. Setting: Two university-affiliated community hospitals. Type of participants: Consecutive patients more than 64 years old who underwent pulmonary angiography for the presumed diagnosis of acute pulmonary embolism. Interventions: Arterial blood gas samples were chosen for comparative analysis only if obtained when the pulmonary embolism first was suspected clinically (before lung scans or angiograms) and the patient was breathing room air. Predicted Pao 2 and alveolar-arterial gradients were calculated for each patient. Measurement and results: A total of 123 patients met all study criteria; mean ± SD patient age was 74 ± 6 years. Fifty-four patients (44%) had angiographically documented emboli. In this cohort, the mean Pao 2 was 61.4 mm Hg (range, 34.3 to 83.8 mm Hg), and the mean alveolar-arterial gradient was 46.6 mm Hg (range, 19 to 75 mm Hg). In three patients, the alveolar-arterial gradient was normal for their age. However, in comparison with the 69 patients with normal pulmonary angiograms, there was no significant difference in Pao 2 (mean, 59.9 mm Hg) or the alveolar-arterial gradient (mean, 46.0 mm Hg). Conclusion: An elevated alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient is entirely nonspecific in the elderly population and is of minimal use in the diagnosis of acute pulmonary embolism. A normal alveolar-arterial gradient should not preclude further diagnostic procedures if there is a high index of suspicion.
Getting Climate Policy on Track after The Hague

In November 2000, the Sixth meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP-6) ended in disarray and recrimination. The objective of the meeting was to agree on the details of the definitions and rules underlying the Kyoto Protocol negotiated in 1997. Unfortunately, the issues at stake were not small ones but points of principle and substance on which agreement had previously proved impossible, not only in Kyoto but in the negotiating sessions that followed. COP-6 is to be reconvened in July 2001 in the hope of resolving the differences, but the outlook is not favourable because positions appear to remain far apart. As a result, it is not clear what directions the international negotiations might take next. This article explores various paths, and draws the conclusion that several years may be required before a necessary revision of the Kyoto rules and targets can be undertaken. In the interim, progress on climate issues should not stop, and the authors suggest a set of efforts to be pursued, even while the search for a common global response continues. These efforts include pursuing domestic action to reduce emissions, maintaining activities already begun under the Framework Convention, and, in as much as possible, seeking agreement on consistent accounting rules.
The nature of Chinese Wh-questions

The scope properties of Chinese Wh-elements, which are in situ in the syntax, are usually accounted for by assuming that they are raised at LF as operators. Not only does such an account rely on costly stipulations but it also fails to generalize to Whelements which are not XPs. The proposal here is that Wh-elements be treated as variables bound by aquestion (Q) operator which assigns scope to the Wh-elements in its domain. The Q operator can be attached to a verb and realized as the A-not-A form of the verb when there is no Wh-element in its domain. The Q operator, including the one realized as the A-not-A verb form, is raised at LF to satisfy selectional restrictions and its movement is regulated by the standard constraints. The scope properties of Wh-elements and the distribution of A-not-A verbs are accounted for within the current theoretical framework without further stipulation.
Comparison of MUC‐1 mucin expression in epithelial and non‐epithelial cancer cell lines and demonstration of a new short variant form (MUC‐1/Z)

Mucins, including MUC-1, are generally considered to be products of epithelial tissues and of their tumors. To examine the possible expression of MUC-1 in other cell types, a panel of human epithelial and non-epithelial tumor cell lines was studied by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Northern blot analysis, immunocytology and radioimmunoprecipitation. Using the highly sensitive RT-PCR method, products corresponding to the non-repetitive 5' and 3' MUC-1 sequences were detected in all the cell lines examined. Amplified products lacking the tandem repeat region of MUC-1, including a new short form (designated MUC-1/Z) different from the previously reported MUC-1/Y protein, were also detected in most cell lines tested. Northern blot analysis, using a probe to the variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) region, confirmed the presence of MUC-1 mRNA in the astrocytoma, melanoma and neuroblastoma cell lines studied. MUC-1 protein was detected by immunocytology in these cell lines using monoclonal antibody (MAb) 139H2. Immunoprecipitation analysis with [3H]-glucosamine-labeled cell lysates and MAb 139H2 or an antibody to the cytoplasmic domain, CT-1, detected MUC-1 protein in 2 epithelial cell lines, an astrocytoma cell line (SK-MG-4) but not in the melanoma and neuroblastoma cell lines studied. Northern blot analysis using a probe to the 3' end of MUC-1 mRNA, confirmed the presence of MUC-1 mucin and also identified short products corresponding to the size of the short variant forms. Protein products corresponding to the MUC-1/Y and MUC-1/Z variant forms were not observed using either [3H]-glucosamine-labeled OVCAR-3 cells or [3H]-amino acid-labeled MCF-7 cells and either CT-1 antibody or MAb 232A1, detecting an epitope to the C-terminal region. Thus, depending on the sensitivity of the assay used, varying amounts of MUC-1 mRNA and protein could be detected in non-epithelial tumor cell lines. Although the amounts of MUC-1 in these cell lines are much lower than in carcinomas, it is possible that MUC-1 mucin serves a similar function in non-epithelial as in epithelial cells. The possible role of MUC-1/Y and MUC-1/Z variant forms in these cell lines is not understood.
Textual Male Intimacy and the Religious Imagination: Men Giving Testimony to Themselves

This essay contributes to the field of critical men's studies in religion. It investigates how men negotiate intimacies in confessional writings, and how the religious imaginary is called upon to do so. In written confessions, male confessants open their innermost selves to the public gaze. As public testimony, these confessional writings seduce the reader to believe in the truth of what is revealed. But are these writing as revealing as they claim? I will sketch three exemplary issues more broadly relevant to a gender analysis of male (religious) texts. These three issues emerge from a close reading of Augustine's Confessions and of the lesser-known deathbed confession of a Jewish ghetto policeman, who perished during the Holocaust; they concern the following questions: first, do men in particular avail themselves of the opportunities that written confessions offer? Second, do male confessants affirm their subjectivity while simultaneously eluding moral agency? Third, do male narrators displace the intimate (female) ‘other’ in their confessional texts?
The solubility product of ferrous phosphate.

Abstract The solubility product of ferrous phosphate (vivianite) has been determined at 0.1 M ionic strength and 25°C. The constant was found to be 1.07 × 10-29.
Abstract 4541: Binding and transcriptional activity of the androgen receptor isoforms in 22Rv1 prostate cancer cells

Proceedings: AACR 102nd Annual Meeting 2011‐‐ Apr 2‐6, 2011; Orlando, FL Prostate carcinoma (CaP) is a heterogeneous multifocal disease where gene expression and regulation is altered as the disease progresses but the androgen receptor (AR) continues to be a pivotal regulatory molecule. The 22Rv1 castrate resistant cell line, derived from the androgen dependent CWR22 xenograft model, continues to express the AR and remains androgen responsive. However, in additional to the full length AR, these cells also express several low molecular weight isoforms. These isoforms are the predominant (95%) forms present in the nucleus in castrate androgen levels. siRNA knockdown of all AR isoforms in castrate levels of androgen decreases cell growth indicating that AR is required for proliferation. Analysis of ChIP-promoter array data identified 128 binding sites (FDR<=0.05) in Rv1 cells proliferating in androgen-depleted media. A closer examination of these 128 binding sites revealed that 20% of the sites showed exactly the same start and end position in the absence or presence of DHT. The remainder (80%) were within ∼35-1000bp upstream of the start position or downstream of the end position. Only 6% of the binding sites contained the palendromic consensus AR-response element and 48% contained the AR half-site motif. The 128 binding sites were associated with 118 genes. To define the role of AR binding in regulating transcription, the expression of 20 of the 118 genes was analyzed following knockdown of AR in castrate levels of androgen. One third of these genes are transactivated, while 1/3 are repressed, arguing that AR activating and repressing complexes co-exist in these cells. Notably the expression of CDKN1B (p27) RNA and protein is highly activated following AR knockdown, suggesting that AR-dependent repression of this cell cycle inhibitor may be important for proliferation of 22Rv1 cells. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4541. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4541
Fallacies or analyses

To demonstrate that a fallacy is committed, Block needs to convince us of two things: first, that the concept of phenomenal consciousness is distinct from that of access consciousness, and second, that it picks out a different property from that of access consciousness. I raise doubt about both of these claims, suggesting that the concept of a phenomenal property is the concept of a property to which we have a special sort of access.
Temperature dependence of intersystem crossing in substituted anthracenes

Abstract Fluorescence quantum yields of 9- or 9, or 10-substituted anthracenes in liquid solid matrices increase with decreasing temperature, while the initial absorbance of the triplet-triplet absorption shows a converse temperature dependence. At 77°K, the fluorescence quantum yields of these compounds are unity and concurrently no triplet formation can be detected. An Arrhenius plot analysis of the emission and absorption data definitely establishes that the temperature dependence of fluorescence of these compounds is caused by the temperature dependence of the lowest excited singlet state to triplet state intersystem crossing. It is proposed that the activated intersystem crossing is the result of higher triplet state (assumed to be the second triplet state) or states lying above the lowest excited singlet state, participating in the radiationless transition. The “direct” intersystem crossing involving the lowest excited singlet and the lowest triplet states appears to be incapable of competing with rapid fluorescence because of the large energy gap between these two states. Experimental results suggesting the unimportance of the lowest excited singlet to ground singlet and higher excited singlet to triplet radiationless transitions are also discussed.
167 EXERCISE-INDUCED VENTRICULAR ECTOPY IN COMPLETE HEART BLOCK

Twenty-four patients(pts)with complete heart block(CHB), ages 3 to 29 years(mean 17), underwent graded maximal treadmill exercise tests. Leads II, AVF and V5 were recorded continuously for 3 minutes prior to, during and 15 minutes following exercise. Fifty normal children and young adults served as controls. Of 24 pts with CHB, 16(67%)developed Lown grade 2(frequent premature ventricular contractions(PVC)or higher ventricular ectopic activity(VEA)on effort; 2(8%)of these also had VEA at rest. None of the controls had resting VEA and in only one(2%)was it elicited by exercise (p 0.10 seconds(3 NHD, 2 HD, 2 S), 7 (88%)developed severe VEA, Lown grade 3(multifocal PVC) or higher; 2/8 of these(25%)had severe VEA at rest. Of the 16 pts with QRS ≤ 0.10, none had severe VEA at rest and it was induced in 4 (25%) (p=0.005). Unsuspected significant VEA was elicited by exercise testing in a majority of pts with CHB, most pronounced in those with QRS widening. We think that VEA may represent a threat to the lives of some CHB pts, and recommend exercise testing in pts with CHB, including those without associated defects.
Strategies for problem prevention

A philosophy of preventing problems from occurring in a data processing installation rather than reacting to problems is becoming increasingly necessary. The institution of comprehensive and formally managed testing strategies is an important step in this direction. Such strategies are discussed, and it is shown that they also support disaster backup/recovery plans.
Human Isoferritins: Organ Specific Iron and Apoferritin Distribution

Summary. Ferritins from human liver, spleen, heart, pancreas and kidney were compared by electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide gels, by immunodiffusion against antisera to homologous and heterologous ferritin, and in some cases by their cyanogen bromide peptides. All ferritins appeared to consist of a single species on gel electrophoresis with the exception of heart ferritin which separated into two major components. Small differences in electrophoretic mobility were found in all tissue ferritins. By contrast, all tissue ferritins were found to consist of multiple forms when analysed by gel electrofocusing. At least five isoferritins were found in most tissues, several of which were common to most tissues. At least two were common to all tissues. Those ferritins which were most easily distinguishable electrophoretically, e.g. spleen and heart ferritin, showed the greatest differences on gel electrofocusing. The ferritin profile was characteristic of each organ and was reproducible both within individuals and between individual tissues. There were striking differences in the iron content of the various isoferritins within a tissue. Further, the iron content of isoferritins common to more than one tissue varied with the tissue of origin. Some isoferritins in several organs and all of the isoferritins in pancreas appeared to contain little, if any, iron. All five tissue ferritins contained antigenic determinants in common with liver ferritin. However, an additional antigenic determinant was found in liver ferritin which was not detectable in the ferritins from the other organs.
New chemical hydrogen storage materials exploiting the self-sustaining thermal decomposition of guanidinium borohydride

Guanidinium borohydride (GBH) was structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and found to release more than 10 wt% H2 as a fairly pure stream during a self-sustaining thermal decomposition reaction both with and without additives that were identified to reduce the concentration of the main ammonia impurity and control the reaction sustainability.
Automatic prosodic events detection using syllable-based acoustic and syntactic features

Automatic prosodic event detection is important for both speech understanding and natural speech synthesis since prosody provides additional information over the short-term segmental features and lexical representation of an utterance. Similar to previous work, this paper focuses on automatic detection of coarse level representation of pitch accents, intonational phrase boundaries (IPB), and break indices. We exploit various classifiers and identify effective feature sets to improve performance of prosodic event detection according to acoustic, lexical, and syntactic evidence. our experiments on the Boston University Radio News Corpus show that the neural network classifier achieves the best performance for modeling acoustic evidence, and that support vector machines are more effective for the lexical and syntactic evidence. The combination of the acoustic and the syntactic models yields 89.8% accent detection accuracy, 93.3% IPB detection accuracy, and 91.1% break index detection accuracy. Compared with previous work, the IPB perfromance is similar, whereas the results for accent and break index detection are significantly better.
Vesiculobullous lesions caused by cytomegalovirus infection in an immunocompromised adult

Skin involvement in cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is very rare. Reported cutaneous manifestations are nonspecific and include petechial, purpuric, and morbilliform rashes. We describe an immunocompromised patient who developed a vesiculobullous eruption. A simple Tzanck preparation from the base of a blister revealed multinucleate giant cells suggestive of a viral infection. Subsequent viral cultures and electron microscopic studies confirmed the diagnosis of CMV infection. Consideration of this infection should be included in the differential diagnosis of multinucleate giant cells seen on Tzanck preparations of cutaneous vesicles.
An Animal Model for Fungal Peritonitis: Evaluation of Therapeutic Options

An animal model for fungal peritonitis was developed and is described. This model was used to compare various therapeutic options for Candida albicans peritonitis. Twenty-four rabbits were treated on three different protocols. Results from these protocols confirm the clinical observation that removal of the catheter is necessary for successful treatment of fungal peritonitis. Further, the combination of catheter replacement and imidazole antifungal therapy appears to be curative in this animal model, and suggests that by using this protocol, discontinuation of peritoneal dialysis may not be necessary.
A facile stereospecific synthesis of the [2H6]-isopropyl-labelled metoprolol enantiomers from (2r)- and (2S)-glycidyl 3-nitrobenzenesulfonate

Enantiomers of metoprolol containing six deuterium atoms in the isopropyl methyl groups were prepared in two steps from the sodium salt of 4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenol (3) and the commercially available (2R)- and (2S)-glycidyl 3-nitrobenzenesulfonates [(2R)-2 and (2S)-2]. The resulting (2R)- and (2S)-epoxides were opened using [2H6]-isopropylamine. The enantiomeric excesses were 93 and 95% for the deuterated (2R)- and (2S)-enantiomers of metoprolol [(2R)-1 and (2S)-1], respectively, as determined by chiral column HPLC.
High incidence of myocarditis by endomyocardial biopsy in patients with idiopathic congestive cardiomyopathy

Thirty-five patients with unexplained congestive heart failure were evaluated with endomyocardial biopsy. Utilizing microscopic, ultrastructural and immunofluores-cent studies, samples were classified as exhibiting either no inflammation (cardiomyopathy) or active lymphocytic myocarditis, grade I to IV. Twenty-two (63%) of the patients had inflammatory changes. Of these 22 patients, 18 had low grade I or II inflammation, 7 were treated with immunosuppressive agents with improvement in 5 and stabilization in 1. One patient died of progressive congestive heart failure. Three of four patients with high grade III or IV myocarditis died after a fulminant course. The results suggest that inflammatory myocarditis may be more common than previously suspected and add evidence that there may be ongoing inflammation in many cases of congestive cardiomyopathy.
Association of short-term bleeding and cramping patterns with long-acting reversible contraceptive method satisfaction.

STUDY DESIGN: We analyzed 3- and 6-month survey data from IUD and implant users in the Contraceptive CHOICE Project, a prospective cohort study. Participants who received a long-acting reversible contraceptive (LARC) method (levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system [LNG-IUS], copper IUD, or the etonogestrel implant) and completed their 3- and 6-month surveys were included. Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed to examine the association of bleeding and cramping patterns with short-term satisfaction. RESULTS: Our analytic sample included 5011 Contraceptive CHOICE Project participants: 3001 LNG-IUS users, 826 copper IUD users, and 1184 implant users. At 3 months, >65% of LNG-IUS and implant users reported no change or decreased cramping, while 63% of copper IUD users reported increased menstrual cramping. Lighter bleeding was reported by 67% of LNG-IUS users, 58% of implant users, and 8% of copper IUD users. Satisfaction of all LARC methods was high (� 90%). LARC users with increased menstrual cramping (relative risk adjusted [RRadj], 0.78; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.72e0.85), heavier bleeding (RRadj, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.76e0.92), and increased bleeding frequency (RRadj, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.67e0.80) were less likely to report being very satisfied at 6 months. CONCLUSION: Regardless of the LARC method, satisfaction at 3 and 6 months is very high. Changes in self-reported bleeding and cramping are associated with short-term LARC satisfaction.
Disease Prevention: Broadening the Definition of Folate Nutrition

An adequate dietary intake of folate has traditionally been defined by the amount of folate required to prevent anemia. However, a rapidly expanding body of research has suggested broader roles for folate in the preservation of health. Based on scientific evidence that has found this B vitamin to be associated with risk of neural tube defects, cardiovascular disease, and colorectal cancer, many experts now believe that optimal levels of folate intake are substantially higher than was previously advised. The recently proposed Dietary Reference Intakes by the Institute of Medicine recommend that all adults consume 400 micrograms of folate per day. Intervention trials presently underway will provide further guidance on optimal levels of folate intake in disease prevention. This paper presents a brief review of the research that has lead to the expanding interest in folate and disease, as well as information on food sources of folate that is useful when counseling patients about their folate intake.
Nonepileptic Posttraumatic Seizures

Summary: Purpose: Epileptic posttraumatic seizures (PTSs) are a well-recognized consequence of head injury (HI), but HI and nonepileptic seizures (NESs) have not been related. We describe a significant subset of patients with NESs who had their seizures attributed to HI. Methods: We reviewed the records of all patients diagnosed with NES at the University of Maryland Medical Center over a 6-year period (1989–1995) and selected patients with seizures attributed to a head injury occurring ≥3 years before the onset of their seizures. Results: Of 157 patients with video-EEG confirmed NES, 37 (24%) had the onset of their seizures attributed to an HI. Their average age was 34 years (range, 15–56 years); 68% were women. Nonepileptic PTS usually developed within the first year after HI (89%). Convulsive symptoms were present in 54%. Whereas epileptic PTSs characteristically follow severe HI, the majority (78%) of our patients with nonepileptic PTSs sustained only mild HI. Before their HI, 76% of our patients were employed, working in the home, or students, but only 11% could continue those activities after developing nonepileptic PTSs. Conclusions: Nonepileptic PTSs are frequently mistaken for epileptic PTSs and result in serious disability. The misdiagnosis of nonepileptic PTSs leads to ineffective and inappropriate treatment. Patients with intractable seizures after HIS, articularly mild HIS, should be carefully evaluated for NESs.
Spatial separation of β-sheet domains of β-amyloid : Disruption of each Β-sheet by N-methyl amino acids

In a recent model of beta-amyloid (Abeta) fibrils, based mainly on solid-state NMR data, a molecular layer consists of two beta-sheets (residues 12-23 and 31-40 of Abeta1-40), folded onto one another by a connecting "bend" structure (residues 25-29) in the side-chain dimension. In this paper, we use two N-methyl amino acids to disrupt each of the two beta-sheets individually (2NMe(NTerm), residues 17 and 19; and 2NMe(CTerm), residues 37 and 39), or both of them at the same time (4NMe, with the above four N-methylated residues). Our data indicate that incorporation of two N-methyl amino acids into one beta-sheet is sufficient to disrupt that sheet while leaving the other, unmodified beta-sheet intact and able to form fibrils. We show, however, that disruption of each of the two beta-sheets has strikingly different effects on fibrillogenesis kinetics and fibril morphology. Both 2NMe(NTerm) and 2NMe(CTerm) form fibrils at similar rates, but more slowly than that of unmodified Abeta1-40. Electron microscopy shows that 2NMe(NTerm) forms straight fibrils with fuzzy amorphous material coating the edges, while 2NMe(CTerm) forms very regular, highly twisted fibrils-in both cases, distinct from the morphology of Abeta1-40 fibrils. Both 2NMe peptides show a "CMC" approximately four times greater than that of Abeta1-40. CD spectra of these peptides also evolve differently in time: whereas the CD spectra of 2NMe(NTerm) evolve little over 10 days, those of 2NMe(CTerm) show a transition to high beta-sheet content at about day 4-5. We also show that disruption of both beta-sheet domains, as in 4NMe, prevents fibril formation altogether, and renders Abeta1-40 highly water soluble and monomeric, and with solvent-exposed side chains. In summary, our data show (1) that the two beta-sheet domains fold in a semiautonomous manner, since disrupting each one still allows the other to fold; (2) that disruption of the N-terminal beta-sheet has a more profound effect on fibrillogenesis than disruption of the C-terminal beta-sheet, suggesting that the former is the more critical for the overall structure of the fibril; and (3) that disruption of both beta-sheet domains renders the peptide monomeric and unable to form fibrils.
A variance-based sensitivity index function for factor prioritization

Abstract Among the many uses for sensitivity analysis is factor prioritization—that is, the determination of which factor, once fixed to its true value, on average leads to the greatest reduction in the variance of an output. A key assumption is that a given factor can, through further research, be fixed to some point on its domain. In general, this is an optimistic assumption, which can lead to inappropriate resource allocation. This research develops an original method that apportions output variance as a function of the amount of variance reduction that can be achieved for a particular factor. This variance-based sensitivity index function provides a main effect sensitivity index for a given factor as a function of the amount of variance of that factor that can be reduced. An aggregate measure of which factors would on average cause the greatest reduction in output variance given future research is also defined and assumes the portion of a particular factors variance that can be reduced is a random variable. An average main effect sensitivity index is then calculated by taking the mean of the variance-based sensitivity index function. A key aspect of the method is that the analysis is performed directly on the samples that were generated during a global sensitivity analysis using rejection sampling. The method is demonstrated on the Ishigami function and an additive function, where the rankings for future research are shown to be different than those of a traditional global sensitivity analysis.