cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Low frequency vibrational spectrum and conformational analysis of allylamine

Abstract The Raman spectra of gaseous, liquid and solid allylamine and allylamine-N-d2 as well as the i.r. spectra of these gases and solids have been recorded from 3500 to 50 cm−1 with special emphasis on the low frequency spectral region. The fundamental of the vinyl asymmetric torsion of the cis—trans conformer (vinyl moiety cis to the nitrogen atom and the lone electron pair on the nitrogen atom trans to the methylene hydrogens) of CH2CHCH2NH2 was observed at 170.3 cm−1 with two accompanying hot bands and the corresponding torsion of the gauche—trans conformer has been observed at 110.4 cm−1, again with two accompanying hot bands, in the i.r. spectrum of the gas. From these data the potential function for internal rotation of the asymmetric vinyl top has been determined and the following potential constants have been evaluated: V2 = 462 ± 29, V3 = 954 ± 12, V4 = 57 ± 8 and V6 = −58 ± 5cm−1. It has been determined that the cis—trans conformer is the most stable form at ambient temperature in the gas phase and the enthalpy difference between the cis—trans and the gauche-trans conformers is 340 ± 20cm−1 (972 ± 57 cal/mol) for the vapor. This value is consistent with a temperature study of the i.r. spectrum of the vapor. Additionally the vinyl asymmetric torsion for one of the gauche—gauche conformers was observed at 122.9cm−1 with tentative assignments given for this torsional mode for the other two conformers. The fundamental amino torsions for four of the conformers have been observed at 275,252,242 and 228 cm−1 for CH2CHCH2NH2 which shift with deuteration of the amino group to 209, 197, 185 and 171 cm−1; tentative assignments of these bands to the individual conformers are also proposed. The vibrational spectra of allylamine and allylamine-N-d2 have been reinvestigated in view of the additional Raman gas phase data, and normal coordinate calculations have been carried out. These results are discussed and compared with the previous studies.
Differential expression of multiple forms of arginase in cultured cells

Arginase (EC 3.5.3.1), the final enzyme in the urea cycle, catalyzes the cleavage of arginine to orthinine and urea. At least two forms of this enzyme, Al and All, have been described and are probably encoded by discrete genetic loci. The expression of these separate genes has been studied in mammalian cells grown in culture. The permanent rat-hepatoma line H4-II-E-C3 contained exclusively the Al enzyme; the form in mammals comprising about 98% of the arginase activity in liver and erythrocytes but catalyzing only about one half of that reaction in kidney, gastrointestinal tract, and brain. By contrast, human-embryonic-kidney and -brain cells, after transformation with the human papovavirus BK, contained only the All species of arginase, which form contributes the remaining half of that catalysis in those mammalian tissues in vivo. We report here the results of an extensive study on the properties of these two forms of arginase in the three cell lines, including Km values for arginine, behavior on polyacrylamide gels under non-denaturing conditions, and cross-reactivity with lapine antibodies against the arginases from either rat or human liver.[/p]
A decision support system for inventory management in high research & development environment

Abstract Inventory management is being discussed recently as one of the key elements for survival and success in the production industry today. Little efforts were made to solve inventory problems in the Hi R&D environment. In this paper, a prototype of a Microcomputer Based Decision Support is introduced to support decisions for managing Hi R&D inventories. The decisions involve timing and scheduling of purchased components, as well as classification of those items.
Mobile personal information management agent: Supporting natural language interface and application integration

Managing personal information such as to-dos and contacts has become our daily routines, consuming more time than needed. Existing PIM tools require extensive involvement of human users. This becomes a problem in using mobile devices due to their physical constraints. To address the limitations of traditional PIM tools, we propose a model of mobile PIM agent (PIMA) that aims to improve PIM on mobile devices through natural language interface and application integration. We conducted a user study to evaluate PIMA empirically with prototype systems. The results show that mobile PIMA improved perceived usefulness, ease-of-use, and efficiency of PIM on mobile devices, which in turn accounted for positive attitude and intention to use the system. The findings of this study provide suggestions for designing and developing PIM applications on mobile devices.
Parallel iterative solution for the Helmholtz equation with exact non-reflecting boundary conditions

Efficient and scalable parallel solution methods are presented for the Helmholtz equation with global non-reflecting DtN boundary conditions. The symmetric outer-product structure of the DtN operator is exploited to significantly reduce inter-processor communication required by the non-locality of the DtN to one collective communication per iteration with a vector size equal to the number of harmonics included in the DtN series expansion, independent of the grain size. Numerical studies show that in the context of iterative equation solvers, and for the same accuracy, the global DtN applied to a tightly fitting spheroidal boundary and implemented as a low-rank update with the multiplicative split is more cost-effective (both in wall-clock times and memory) compared to local approximate boundary conditions.
Immunohistochemical Method for the Simultaneous Demonstration of Three Proteins in EDTA Decalcified Paraffin Embedded Bone Sections

AbstractImmunohistochemistry was used to demonstrate the presence of three proteins (actin, osteocalcin and alkaline phosphatase) within the same ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) decalcified and paraffin embedded bone tissue section. EDTA chelated calcium ions, causing endogenous alkaline phosphatase (ALP) to be inactivated. By ablating endogenous ALP activity through chelation, we were able to use an ALP based detection system before reactivation of the endogenous enzyme with magnesium chloride. After reactivation, endogenous ALP itself was demonstrated immunohistochemically. (The J Histotechnol 15:93, 1992)
In defense of reflective equilibrium

Recent years have seen a rekindling of interest in the method of reflective equilibrium. Most of this attention has been suspicious, however. Critics have alleged that the method is nothing more than a high-minded brand of navel-gazing, that it suffers from all the classic problems of inward-looking coherence theories, and that it overestimates the usefulness of self-scrutiny. In this paper I argue that these criticisms miss their mark because they labor under crucial misconceptions about the method of reflective equilibrium. In defending reflective equilibrium I put forward a handful of theses about the nature of inquiry (or, more generally, norm-governed enterprises) that form the backdrop to the method. The critics’ objections fall short, I argue, because they do not recognize reflective equilibrium’s embrace of these theses. Confronting these objections and understanding why they fail brings us to a better understanding what, exactly, the method of reflective equilibrium is. The answer I come to in the final section of the paper is that the method of reflective equilibrium is not, exactly, anything. It is a mistake to try to give a positive characterization of the view, to identify it with a concern with a particular species of data, particular procedures and methods, or even a particular conception of normative success. Instead, it should be understood as the denial of essentialism about just these matters—as a form of anti-essentialism about our epistemic inputs, methods, and goals.
Sufficient nourishment worldwide via transfer payments

Abstract The paper illustrates an unconventional approach to providing adequate nourishment worldwide. Regions with an insufficient calorie supply receive transfer payments in order to increase their food budgets. The transfer payments are financed by a flat income tax in OECD countries. A general equilibrium model, which contains this transfer payment mechanism as well as information about nutrition, is applied for the analysis. The resulting tax rate is 0.55% of OECD countries’ income or a required total transfer of 112 billion USD. With the money allocated the receiver regions boost their domestic production as well as increasing their food imports. This in turn affects agriculture in OECD countries by promoting production.
On the genus of the groups PSL(2, q), PSL(3, q), and PSp(4, q)

Abstract SL(n, q) is the group of n×n matrices, over the Galois field GF(q), of determinate 1. PSL(n, q) is SL(n, q) modulo the scalar n×n matrices of determinate 1. PSL(n, q) acts on the Desarguesian projective space PG(n−1, q). Sp(4, q) is the group of 4 × 4 matrices of determinate 1 which preserve the symplectic bilinear form on the 4 × 1 matrices over GF(q). PSp(4, q) is Sp(4, q) modulo Z = {1,−1}. PSp(4, q) acts on the symplectic generalized quadrangle W(3, q), a subspace of the projective space PG(3, q), as a group of automorphisms. In this paper, bounds are given for the genus of these groups.
Parallel algorithms for all maximal equally-spaced collinear sets and all maximal regular coplanar lattices

Abstract The All Maximal Equally-Spaced Collinear Subset (AMESCS) Problem is defined as follows. Given a set P of n points in a Euclidean space Ed, find all maximal equally-spaced collinear subsets of P. An optimal Θ(n2) time sequential solution to the problem is given in Kahng and Robins (1991). A related problem is the All Maximal Regularly-Spaced Subsets (AMRSS) Problem, defined as follows. Given a set P of n points in Ed, find all maximal regularly-spaced coplanar subsets of P. An optimal O(n3) time sequential solution to the problem is given in Kahng and Robins (1991). In this paper, we consider parallel solutions to the AMESCS and AMRSS Problems. Optimal sequential running times of O(n2) and O(n3), respectively, make parallel solutions of these problems desirable of large n. While the optimal sequential algorithms of Kahng and Robins (1991) are dominated by repetitions of a procedure that requires Θ(n) time per repetition, and appears inherently sequential, the algorithms we give are quite different. Our parallel algorithms solve both of these problems to within a logarithmic factor of optimality on the Arbitrary CRCW PRAM, and in optimal time on the mesh-connected computer.
Ilimaquinone, a sesquiterpenoid quinone from a marine sponge

Abstract Ilimaquinone (1) is a new sponge metabolite of composition C22H30O4. Its structure, which was determined by spectral correlations and X-ray crystallography, comprises a rearranged drimane sesquiterpene moiety linked to a 2-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzoquinone at C-3.
Improving the Managerial Capacity of the Federal Government: A Public Administration Agenda for the Next President

The reputation of a president can be enhanced or diminished depending on the quality of federal management. This transition memorandum draws on the insights of the fellows of the National Academy of Public Administration. It urges the next president to (1) set a tone and strengthen organizational infrastructure to promote effective management across government, (2) create an office to monitor potential major risks and ensure adequate response, and (3) pass on to his successor more capable government than he found. Only then can the incoming administration form the basis for short-term success and longer-term effectiveness to implement the president’s policy agenda.
In Vitro / in Vivo Correlation of Transdermal Naltrexone Prodrugs in Hairless Guinea Pigs

Purpose The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo percutaneous absorption of the following prodrugs of naltrexone (NTX): 2′-ethylbutyryl-3-O-ester-NTX (ETBUT-ester), methyl-3-O-carbonate-NTX (ME-carbonate), ethyl-3-O-carbamate-NTX (ET-carbamate), and N,N-dimethyl-3-O-carbamate-NTX (DME-carbamate) in hairless guinea pigs.
“Enabled Courage”: Race, Disability, and Black World War II Veterans in Postwar America

(2003). “Enabled Courage”: Race, Disability, and Black World War II Veterans in Postwar America. The Historian: Vol. 65, No. 5, pp. 1102-1124.
Photochemical Upconversion Approach to Broad-Band Visible Light Generation

The sensitized triplet−triplet annihilation (TTA) of 9,10-dimethylanthracene (DMA) upon selective excitation of [Ru(dmb)3]2+ (dmb = 4,4‘-dimethyl-2,2‘-bipyridine) at 514.5 nm in dimethylformamide (DMF) resulted in upconverted and downconverted DMA excimer photoluminescence. The triplet excited state of [Ru(dmb)3]2+ is efficiently quenched by 11 mM DMA in DMF resulting in photon upconversion but no excimer formation. The bimolecular quenching constant of the dynamic quenching process is 1.4 × 109 M-1 s-1. At 90 mM DMA, both upconversion and downconversion processes are readily observed in aerated DMF solutions. The TTA process was confirmed by the quadratic dependence of the upconverted and downconverted emission emanating from the entire integrated photoluminescence profile (400−800 nm) of DMA measured with respect to incident light power. Time-resolved emission spectra of [Ru(dmb)3]2+ and 90 mM DMA in both aerated and deaerated DMF clearly illustrates the time-delayed nature of both types of singlet-stat...
Developmental Expression of Heme Oxygenase in the Rat Lung

Heme oxygenase (HO), the rate-limiting enzyme in the formation of bilirubin, is expressed in the lung and may serve as an antioxidant. This enzyme results in the formation of antioxidant bile pigments and the degradation of pro-oxidant heme. We wanted to evaluate the differences in expression of HO-1, the inducible form, and HO-2, the constitutive isoenzyme, during lung maturation and document whether lung HO expression was similar to that of other antioxidant enzymes. Lung total HO activity and HO-1 and HO-2 proteins as well as HO-1 and HO-2 mRNA were evaluated in animals from 16 d of gestation (e16.5) to 2 mo of age. Heme content was also evaluated because heme is the substrate of the reaction. HO-1 mRNA was maximal at e19.5 and e20.5, whereas HO-2 mRNA was not changed throughout maturation. Lung HO-1 protein was highest on the first days of life and lowest in adults, whereas HO-2 protein was maximally expressed at postnatal d 5 and then declined to reach adult values. As to HO activity, there was a prenatal peak at e20.5, a second lesser peak at d 5, and thereafter a decline to adult values. Lung heme content was inversely correlated with HO activity or protein as the highest heme values were seen in adults with the lowest HO activity. In response to hyperoxia, HO-1 mRNA was induced only in the adult lungs. A better understanding of the maturational regulation of lung HO will define a role for HO in newborns at risk for oxygen toxicity.
A reassessment of primary production and environmental change in the Bering Sea

[1] Regarded as one of the world's most productive marine environments, the Bering Sea is widely thought to be rapidly warming and losing sea ice. Such changes would be expected to have dramatic impacts on primary producers, with cascading effects on upper trophic levels, including this region's vast commercial fisheries resources. Here, we use satellite-derived sea ice concentration, sea surface temperature, and ocean color data as input to a primary productivity algorithm to take stock of environmental change and primary production in the Bering Sea. Results show that, rather than declining, mean annual sea ice extent in the Bering Sea has exhibited no significant change over the satellite sea ice record (1979–2009). Furthermore, significant warming during the satellite sea surface temperature record (1982–2009) is mainly limited to the summer months, when all regions of the Bering Sea warmed. This warming suggests increasing stratification during the phytoplankton growth season. Despite certain hot spots of primary production and a strong pulse in the spring, the rate of annual area-normalized primary production in the Bering Sea (124 g C m−2 yr−1) is below the global mean (140 g C m−2 yr−1). Between 1998 and 2007, basin-wide annual primary production ranged from 233 to 331 Tg C yr−1 under the influence of highly variable sea ice and temperature conditions. By comparing warm, low-ice years (2001–2005) with cold, high-ice years (1998–2000 and 2006–2007), we speculate that Bering Sea primary productivity is likely to rise under conditions of future warming and sea ice loss.
A community cross-sectional survey of medical problems in 440 children with Down syndrome in New York State.

Objective To determine the frequency of medical problems in a large population of children with Down syndrome. Study design Study population included 440 children with Down syndrome (ages 3-14 years) identified primarily through the New York Congenital Malformations Registry. Parents completed questionnaires on medical problems. Results Our study population was predominately White (92.3%), non-Hispanic (72.3%) with at least 1 college educated parent (72.3%). The prevalence of medical problems was as follows: heart disease (55%), hearing problem (39%), vision problem (39%), thyroid disease (27%), celiac disease (5%), alopecia (5%), seizures (7%), asthma/reactive airway disease (32%), diabetes (1%), and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (0.2%). Of the children with heart disease, 58% needed surgery at a mean age of 9 months. Of the children with hearing loss, 29% were identified on newborn screening and 13% used an amplification device. Of the children with thyroid disease, 31% were diagnosed in the newborn period. Only 7% of these children with Down syndrome had no medical problem listed. Conclusion Prevalence data of medical illnesses in a large population of children with Down syndrome provide us with data to support implementation of the American Academy of Pediatrics guidelines for health supervision for children with Down syndrome. The long-term health implications of the conditions we surveyed will be important for decreasing morbidity and increasing overall health and wellness into adulthood.
Residual venous thrombosis as predictive factor for recurrent venous thromboembolim in patients with proximal deep vein thrombosis: a sytematic review.

Summary The potential role of the detection of residual thrombosis after deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in the differentiation of patients at risk for recurrent venous thromboembolism (VTE) has not yet been fully established and includes different definitions. We performed a systematic review in order to determine the role of residual thrombosis in predicting recurrent VTE after acute proximal DVT. Databases were searched until June 2010. Randomized, controlled trials or prospective cohort studies were eligible for inclusion if they included patients with objectively diagnosed proximal DVT, measured thrombus diameter after at least 3 months and reported recurrent VTE during follow-up. Two authors independently reviewed articles and extracted data. Data from 11 studies were used for the current analysis; in total 3203 patients were included. Residual thrombosis was positively correlated with recurrent VTE. Large heterogeneity was present, due to differences in study population, timing and the differences in method of measuring residual thrombosis. The effect was more pronounced in patients with malignancy or was dependent on the criteria used. This systematic review shows a positive relationship between residual thrombosis and recurrent VTE during follow-up. Assessing residual thrombosis could be useful in individual recurrence risk estimation.
POLYMYXIN B AS ADJUVANT THERAPY FOR OVERWHELMING GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIAL SEPSIS

Polymyxin B (PMB) is a surface-active agent and antibiotic which ameliorates the adverse effects of endotoxin. Sodium deoxycholate (NaD), a surface-active agent present in bile, also protects against endotoxin. To determine if either of these agents is efficacious in Gram-negative bacterial sepsis compared to antibiotics alone, 36 New Zealand White rabbits were infected by intraperitoneal injection of mucin-enhanced E. coli K1. One hour after infection all animals were treated with moxalactara, 100 mg/kg, and were then randomized in groups of three to receive either saline, PMB 0.21 mg/kg/hr, or NaD 1.0 mg/kg/hr. Blood was sampled prior to infection and hourly thereafter and assayed for bacterial colony-forming units, plasma endotoxin, arterial blood gases and complete blood counts. Heart rate, mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), and core body temperature were monitored continuously. Although levels of bacteremia and endotoxemia were similar in all three groups, the PMB group had significantly higher MAP, pH, and bicarbonate concentrations than the control group (p<0.05). Rabbits receiving NaD fared no better than controls. This work shows that PMB effectively blocks some of the physiologic responses to endotoxin and provides support for a clinical trial of PMB in patients with overwhelming Gram-negative sepsis.
Theoretical investigation of low liquid load and low temperature operation in gas chromatography

Abstract The change in resolution resulting from the simultaneous reduction of liquid load and temperature is theoretically treated. The effects of decreases in load and temperature are formulated in terms of a standard reduction (in which the zone to gas velocity ratio is constant) plus any small changes in temperature required to match the observed changes in zone velocity. Taking the standard reduction as the norm. it is found that both the thcrmodynamic (relative peak clution times) and rate (peak spreading) effects favor the liquid load and temperature decreases. This is discussed specifically in relationship to diatomaccous earth and glass beads as the solid support and also to capillary columns.
Catalytic and thermodynamic properties of the urocanate hydratase reaction.

Abstract Urocanate hydratase (4-imidazolone-5-propionate hydro-lyase, EC 4.2.1.49) isolated from Pseudomonas putida contains covalently bound α-ketobutyrate as its cofactor. In the process of examining the mechanism by which α-ketobutyrate serves in this capacity, various thermodynamic parameters and temperature effects on urocanate hydratase activity were determined. As the equilibrium constant at 25°C for imidazolone propionate formation from urocanate is approximately 69, regardless of whether urocanic acid or chemically synthesized imidazolone propionate is used as the initial substrate, it is concluded that the reaction is freely reversible. ΔG°′, ΔH°′ and ΔS°′ were −2.5 kcal/mole, +5.2 kcal/mole and +26 cal/deg mole, respectively. Measurement of first-order reaction rates at various temperatures, in order to calculate the Arrhenius activation energy, showed a sharp break in the Arrhenius plot at 29°C. Further examination of this phenomenon by determining s 2 0, w values of urocanate hydratase as a function of temperature revealed a dramatic change at 31°C. Since the enzyme in both experiments reverts to its original state when the temperature is lowered back below the transition point, it is proposed that urocanate hydratase undergoes a reversible conformational change or partial dissociation which affects its catalytic properties in the range of 29–31°C.
A note on the superiority of the OLS hedge ratio

Suppose that spot and futures prices are generated from an error-correction model. This note demonstrates that, although the OLS model is misspecified, it provides a hedge ratio that usually outperforms the hedge ratio derived from the correct error-correction model. The opposite result is possible only when the postsample incurs a major structural change from the estimation sample. ©2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 25:1121–1126, 2005
Probability density diagnostic metric for an integrated three-way catalyst controller and monitor

An integrated model-based methodology for three-way automotive catalyst control and diagnostic monitoring is presented in this work. The catalyst controller and monitor both utilize a limited integrator catalyst oxygen storage model with an adaptive integral gain. This adaptive catalyst gain, which is a measure of the catalyst oxygen storage capacity, is used by the controller to provide information on the dynamic catalyst behaviour and by the diagnostic monitor to provide information on long-term catalyst deactivation and short-term emission control device failure. A statistical classification technique based on the fraction of time that the catalyst gain values in a moving window are within a threshold of zero is employed as the test metric for on-board diagnostic monitoring. The performance of the catalyst monitor is demonstrated with experimental vehicle test data from a 4.6 1 ULEV II gasoline engine operated over a series of Environmental Protection Agency Federal Test Procedure drive cycles with differently aged catalysts. Preliminary results indicate that it is possible to perform very accurate discrimination between catalyst operation, even near the on-board diagnostic detection threshold, using this technique.
[123I]Iomazenil spect imaging demonstrates significant benzodiazepine receptor reserve in human and nonhuman primate brain

SPECT imaging with [123I]iomazenil was used to measure benzodiazepine (BZ) neuroreceptor occupancy of the agonist lorazepam administered at therapeutically relevant doses in humans and supratherapeutic doses in monkeys. Lorazepam at therapeutic doses (0.03 mg/kg, i.v.) administered 90 min after the bolus injection of [123I]iomazenil had no statistically significant effect (P > 0.12) on the washout rates of regional brain activities compared to that in control subjects, although human subjects demonstrated marked sedation from the lorazepam. In baboons, the effects of higher doses of lorazepam (cumulative 0.5 mg/kg) were examined in a stepwise displacement paradigm. The in vivo potency was expressed as the ED50 (or dose required to displace 50% of receptor bound activity) and was equal to 0.34 ± 0.01 mg/kg (mean ± SD, n = 12). Log-logit analyses of displacement data corrected for endogenous washout showed that therapeutic doses of lorazepam were associated with < 3% BZ receptor occupancy. To examine if endogenous GABA modulates potency of the BZ agonist, the ED50 of lorazepam was compared with and without concurrent administration of tiagabine, a GABA reuptake inhibitor. These experiments were designed to measure an in vivo GABA shift of agonist potency. In vivo microdialysis demonstrated that tiagabine (up to 1 mg/kg, i.v.) increased extracellular GABA levels up to 200% of baseline, but these doses had only a minimal enhancement of lorazepam's potency to displace [123I]iomazenil. This study strongly suggests that single therapeutically relevant doses of lorazepam occupy a relatively small percentage (i.e. < 3%) of BZ receptors and that BZ binding sites have a significant (i.e. 97%) receptor reserve.
Knowledge of poisonous plants in the United States—Brief history and conclusions

Domestic experimental or case evidence stands behind only about half the names in current U. S. compilations of poisonous plants. A significant number of the remainder rest upon 19th century experience, mainly European sources. Several useful conclusions may be derived from an historical survey of the development of this body of knowledge.
Targeted Dendrimeric Anticancer Prodrug: A Methotrexate-Folic Acid-Poly(amidoamine) Conjugate and a Novel, Rapid, “One Pot” Synthetic Approach

A targeted dendrimeric anticancer prodrug, a conjugate of generation 5 (G5) polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer, folic acid (FA), and methotrexate (MTX), has been successfully synthesized by using a novel “one pot” approach which is simple, reproducible, and feasible for large-scale synthesis. All dendrimer products have been characterized by 1H NMR, MALDI-TOF, GPC, and HPLC. With this new method, the ratio of FA versus MTX attached to the dendrimer can be easily tuned to achieve the desired therapeutic effect. A new analytical approach for calculating the numbers of FA and MTX attached to the dendrimer has been established. In vitro studies performed on FA receptor-expressing KB cells show that the new conjugate has a similar affinity and cytotoxic potency to G5-FA-MTX synthesized using the traditional multiple-step approach.
Rates of clustering for some Gaussian self-similar processes

The analogue of Strassen's functional law of the iterated logarithm in known for many Gaussian processes which have suitable scaling properties, and here we establish rates at which this convergence takes place. We provide a new proof of the best upper bound for the convergence toK by suitably normalized Brownian motion, and then continue with this method to get similar bounds for the Brownian sheet and other self-similar Gaussian processes. The previous method, which produced these results for Brownian motion in ℝ1, was highly dependent on many special properties unavailable when dealing with other Gaussian processes.
Lessons Learned from the 2004 Sumatra-Andaman Megathrust Rupture

The 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake has been extensively studied because of its great size and devastating consequences. Large amounts of highquality seismic, geodetic, and geologic data have led to a number of proposed models for its length, duration, fault geometry, rupture velocity, and slip history. The latest of these models vary in their details but now largely agree in their large-scale features, which include significant coseismic slip along the entire 1300- to 1500-km rupture, the bulk of which occurred fast enough to radiate seismic waves. The earthquake’s enormous size has challenged conventional processing approaches and stimulated the development of new analysis and inversion methods, including multiple-source inversions, highfrequency body-wave imaging, and satellite observations of tsunami heights and gravity changes. The Sumatra megathrust earthquake was the largest in 40 years and is by far the best documented, but it does not seem fundamentally different in its properties from other large subduction-zone earthquakes.
Back in the Barracks But Not Forgotten: Lasting Cultural Legacies of the Turkish Armed Forces

The proliferation and shifts of culture across generations is a topic that affects national policy, distribution of economic controls, and social norms that dictate what young people choose to do and what to not do. In the case of the Republic of Turkey, a large facet of culture has been built on the civil-military dynamic that puts the Turkish Armed Forces as guardians of the nation from both foreign threat and domestic cultural shifts. However, the recent emergence of civilian control over the military puts this cultural role in question. This paper examines the spheres of higher education, conscription, and media, three areas the military has typically used to socialize youth, and what the effect of civilian control has been. This research found that the AKP-led government has chosen to assimilate militarism in socialization of youth, and that has deep implications for the educational, vocational, and military structures young Turks will enter.
Dynamic biophotonics: female squid exhibit sexually dimorphic tunable leucophores and iridocytes

Loliginid squid use tunable multilayer reflectors to modulate the optical properties of their skin for camouflage and communication. Contained inside specialized cells called iridocytes, these photonic structures have been a model for investigations into bio-inspired adaptive optics. Here, we describe two distinct sexually dimorphic tunable biophotonic features in the commercially important species Doryteuthis opalescens: bright stripes of rainbow iridescence on the mantle just beneath each fin attachment and a bright white stripe centered on the dorsal surface of the mantle between the fins. Both of these cellular features are unique to the female; positioned in the same location as the conspicuously bright white testis in the male, they are completely switchable, transitioning between transparency and high reflectivity. The sexual dimorphism, location and tunability of these features suggest that they may function in mating or reproduction. These features provide advantageous new models for investigation of adaptive biophotonics. The intensely reflective cells of the iridescent stripes provide a greater signal-to-noise ratio than the adaptive iridocytes studied thus far, while the cells constituting the white stripe are adaptive leucophores--unique biological tunable broadband scatterers containing Mie-scattering organelles activated by acetylcholine, and a unique complement of reflectin proteins.
Revision of kynch sedimentation theory

Much of the theory of gravity sedimentation has been based on the work of Coe and Clevenger (1916) and Kynch (1952). They provided methods for obtaining rates of sedimentation in batch, static tests which are presently used for design of continuous thickeners. Kynch assumed that a first order partial differential equation controlled the entire sedimentation process. His equation was based on: (1) continuity balance; and (2) sedimentation velocity being a unique function of solid particulate concentration. A general solution was presented in the form of volume fraction of solids ϕs = f(x − vt). During the constant rate fall of the upper interface, the boundary condition of uniform initial concentration combines with the Kynch equations to adequately describe the sedimentation phenomena. Kynch ignored the sediment rising from the bottom of the settling chamber, and assumed that the characteristics y = x − vt originated at the origin of coordinates (height, time) during the first falling rate period. The characteristics actually originate at the surface of the rising sediment where the upward liquid velocity affects the rate of fall of the particulates. New equations have been derived based upon the assumption that the characteristics emanate from the rising sediment.
HD Chromoendoscopy Coupled with DNA Mass Spectrometry Profiling Identifies Somatic Mutations in Microdissected Human Proximal Aberrant Crypt Foci

![Figure][1] Despite increased implementation of screening colonoscopy, interval cancers in the proximal colon remain a major public health concern. This fact underscores the limitations of current screening paradigms and the need for developing advanced endoscopic techniques. The density of aberrant crypt foci (ACF), the earliest identifiable mucosal abnormality, may serve as a surrogate marker for colon cancer risk, but has rarely been studied in the proximal colon. To this end, high-definition (HD) chromoendoscopy was conducted to define the relevance of ACF in the proximal colon. In addition, due to limited ACF size, the development of a combinatorial approach was required to maximize data acquisition obtained from individual biopsy samples. Proximal and distal ACF samples were characterized for a total of 105 mutations across 22 known tumor suppressor and proto-oncogenes using high-throughput Sequenom MassARRAY analysis. From this profiling, a discrete number of somatic mutations were identified, including APCR876* and FLT3I836M , as well as a deletion within the EGFR gene. Combined, these data highlight the significance of ACF within the context of colon cancer pathogenesis, particularly in the proximal colon. Implications: The identification of cancer-related mutations in commonly overlooked mucosal lesions underscores the preventive benefit of implementing advanced endoscopic screening to larger patient populations, particularly in the proximal colon. Visual Overview: . Mol Cancer Res; 12(6); 823–9. ©2014 AACR . This article is featured in Highlights of This Issue, [p. 813][2] [1]: pending:yes [2]: /lookup/volpage/12/813?iss=6
On the network connectivity of wireless sensor networks following a random and non-uniform distribution

Network connectivity is a critical property that provides communication foundation for most wireless sensor network (WSN) applications to operate successfully. Existing results on the WSN connectivity analysis are primarily based on a uniform distribution of sensors in a bounded field of interest. However, the sensor distribution can be non-uniform in practice due to diverse deployment strategies, deployment deviations and geographical limitations. We thus investigate the network connectivity of a random WSN following a Gaussian distribution in that it can simulate various nonuniform sensor distributions. Specifically, we examine the impact of sensor distribution on the network connectivity in term of full connectivity, partial θ(θ <; 1)-connectivity, and sensor connection rate. It was found that 1) different sensor distribution leads to significantly different network connectivity when other network parameters remain the same; 2) full connectivity contrasts sharply with the partial θ-connectivity in terms of the required number of sensors; and 3) there exists critical network parameters around which there is a sharp change in the resulting network θ(θ ≤ 1) connectivity. The results help in selecting critical network parameters and deriving appropriate requirements for practical WSN application design and deployments.
DCCD inhibits the reactions of the iron-sulfur protein in Rhodobacter sphaeroides chromatophores.

N,N‘-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD) has been reported to inhibit proton translocation by cytochrome bc1 and b6f complexes without significantly altering the rate of electron transport, a process referred to as decoupling. To understand the possible role of DCCD in inhibiting the protonogenic reactions of cytochrome bc1 complex, we investigated the effect of DCCD modification on flash-induced electron transport and electrochromic bandshift of carotenoids in Rb. sphaeroides chromatophores. DCCD has two distinct effects on phase III of the electrochromic bandshift of carotenoids reflecting the electrogenic reactions of the bc1 complex. At low concentrations, DCCD increases the magnitude of the electrogenic process because of a decrease in the permeability of the membrane, probably through inhibition of FoF1. At higher concentrations (>150 μM), DCCD slows the development of phase III of the electrochromic shift from about 3 ms in control preparations to about 23 ms at 1.2 mM DCCD, without significantly chang...
A high-throughput method for detection of DNA in chloroplasts using flow cytometry

The amount of DNA in the chloroplasts of some plant species has been shown recently to decline dramatically during leaf development. A high-throughput method of DNA detection in chloroplasts is now needed in order to facilitate the further investigation of this process using large numbers of tissue samples. The DNA-binding fluorophores 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI), SYBR Green I (SG), SYTO 42, and SYTO 45 were assessed for their utility in flow cytometric analysis of DNA in Arabidopsis chloroplasts. Fluorescence microscopy and real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) were used to validate flow cytometry data. We found neither DAPI nor SYTO 45 suitable for flow cytometric analysis of chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) content, but did find changes in cpDNA content during development by flow cytometry using SG and SYTO 42. The latter dye provided more sensitive detection, and the results were similar to those from the fluorescence microscopic analysis. Differences in SYTO 42 fluorescence were found to correlate with differences in cpDNA content as determined by qPCR using three primer sets widely spaced across the chloroplast genome, suggesting that the whole genome undergoes copy number reduction during development, rather than selective reduction/degradation of subgenomic regions. Flow cytometric analysis of chloroplasts stained with SYTO 42 is a high-throughput method suitable for determining changes in cpDNA content during development and for sorting chloroplasts on the basis of DNA content.
Co-point modules over Koszul algebras

Let $A$ be a graded algebra finitely generated in degree 1 over a field $k$. Point modules over $A$ introduced by Artin, Tate and Van den Bergh play an important role in studying $A$ in noncommutative algebraic geometry. In this paper, we define a dual notion of point module in terms of Koszul duality, which we call a co-point module. Using co-point modules, we will construct counter-examples to the following condition due to Auslander: for every finitely generated right module $\pi$ over a ring $R$, there is a natural number $n_M\in {\mathbb N}$ such that, for any finitely generated right module $N$ over $R$, ${\rm Ext}^i_R(M, N)=0$ for all $i\gg 0$ implies ${\rm Ext}^i_R(M, N)=0$ for all $i>n_M$.
A dynamically adaptable real time data acquisition and display system

The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (JHU/APL), sponsored by the Oceanographer of the Navy and the Commander of the Submarine Development Squadron Twelve, has produced a real time data acquisition and display system to allow U.S. submarines to measure the in-situ ocean environment during standard patrol operations. The system is composed of a dynamically adaptable architecture that allows for a variety oceanographic data sensor sources in a "plug and play" fashion. This adaptability is carried throughout the system in terms of configuration management, data acquisition, calibration, processing and display of the available data. Faulted sensor packages can be replaced seamlessly, and previously unknown sensor types can be added, all with no software impact. At the heart of this architecture is the "Data Dictionary", a dynamically configurable data base that describes all aspects of the sensor data necessary to carry out the system objectives.
Suppressing the OFDM PAPR with star L-QAM

In this paper, we propose a class of star L-QAM constellations constructed from two M-PSK constellations, where L=M2 and M is an even integer greater than two. For the proposed QAM constellations, we show that the maximum peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of OFDM is bounded by two and four, if the two input sequences are Golay complementary pairs and Golay sequences, respectively.
Surgical Monotherapy Versus Surgery Plus Adjuvant Radiotherapy in High‐Risk Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review of Outcomes

BACKGROUNDAdjuvant radiotherapy (ART) has been recommended for squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) with a high risk of recurrence, particularly perineurally invasive disease. The utility of ART is unknown. This study compares reported outcomes of high-risk SCC treated with surgical monotherapy (SM) with t
MR angiography of large-vessel intracranial stenosis after cryptococcal meningitis

We present a case of cryptococcal meningoencephalitis producing narrowing of both middle cerebral arteries on MRI/MRA, described in a 56-year-old man with a history of Wegener’s granulomatosis. Diagnosis was based on the presence of cryptococcal antigen in serum and CSF. Imaging performed seven months after initial presentation demonstrated thickened enhancing leptomeninges with focal inflammatory masses in the Sylvian fissures. To our knowledge, this striking appearance has not been previously demonstrated simultaneously on MRI/MRA.
Enhanced endothelium-dependent vasodilation in older endurance-trained men.

We hypothesized that abnormal endothelium-dependent vasodilation (EDD) found in older otherwise healthy subjects can be attenuated with long-term endurance training. Ten endurance-trained men, 68.5...
Serology and RFLP Analysis of the Splits of DQw3

The DQ specificity DQw7 was described during the Ninth Workshop by alloantisera (1), a monoclonal antibody (2), and TA10-restricted T-cell line (3). Subsequently, this specificity was shown to be associated with a unique DQwβ restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) pattern with several different enzymes.
Visual Diagnosis: A 2-month-old Boy With an Unusual Rash

Congenital syphilis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of common newborn rashes, especially if the palms and soles are involved. As soon as the diagnosis is confirmed, a lumbar puncture should be performed to rule out neurosyphilis and intravenous antibiotics started pending confirmatory testing.
In-Situ Growth of SiC in MoSi2 by Melt Processing

The growth of SiC during solidification of Mo-Si-C melts was investigated to explore the potential for developing in-situ refractory reinforcements for MoSi2 matrices. Volume fractions of up to 20% were readily incorporated by arc melting. Primary β-SiC grows as equiaxed particles, plates and hopper crystals, whereas secondary SiC grows with ribbon, thin flake or whisker morphologies. The dominant facets of both primary and secondary SiC are of the (111) and (002) type, which are also characteristic of the equilibrium crystal shape. There is a clear orientation relationship between the phases wherein the close packed planes and directions of the C11b and B3 structures are parallel.
Abstract SY15-01: Merkel cell polyomavirus: its role in pathogenesis and its potential as a molecular target.

Proceedings: AACR 104th Annual Meeting 2013; Apr 6-10, 2013; Washington, DC Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) was first described as a pathologic entity in 1972, and is an uncommon but aggressive skin cancer with a high propensity for metastasis and recurrence. In 2008, a new human polyomavirus, Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCV) was discovered by digital transcriptome subtraction in an MCC lesion and is now one of eight new human polyomaviruses described in the past five years. MCV is part of the normal, healthy skin flora but causes cancer after viral genome mutations eliminate its replication capacity. Further, MCV is clonally integrated in 70-80% of MCC tumors suggesting a primary role for its involvement in MCV infected MCCs. The MCV genome is ~5400bp and has features including early, late, and non-coding regulatory regions conserved with other polyomaviruses. The MCV early region encodes for two potential viral oncoproteins: large T antigen (LT) and small T antigen (ST). Experiments show these proteins are expressed in MCC tumor cells from patient biopsies, and that MCV-positive MCC cell lines undergo growth arrest and/or cell death upon T antigen knockdown by short hairpin RNA (shRNA). These experiments provide direct experimental evidence that T antigen expression is necessary for the maintenance of MCV-positive MCC and that MCV is the infectious cause of MCV-positive MCC. While similar to known polyomaviruses, MCV oncogenes act in new ways, such as activation of the survivin oncoprotein and PP2A-independent targeting of cap-dependent translation. In five years, the diagnosis and treatment potential for an intractable and enigmatic cancer has dramatically changed through the discovery of a viral cause of MCC. Citation Format: Yuan Chang. Merkel cell polyomavirus: its role in pathogenesis and its potential as a molecular target. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr SY15-01. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-SY15-01