cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Freeze-Thaw Performance of Concrete: Reconciling Laboratory-Based Specifications with Field Experience

Specifications relating to frost resistance of concrete are generally based on laboratory tests of laboratory-produced concrete. Quality control for laboratory-produced concrete is usually significantly better than what can be achieved in the field, and laboratory freeze-thaw tests generally produce conditions that are not close to any real field exposure conditions. Field exposure testing is also problematic. Exposure conditions are not the same from one location to the next and may not even be the same from one year to the next at the same location. This paper attempts to provide guidance for interpreting the results of field tests of concrete exposed to natural freezing and thawing conditions. Types of frost damage as well as types of field test sites are discussed, and recommendations are provided for the use of field test results to modify frost-resistance specifications.
Use of a Double Hook Plate for Treatment of a Distal Radial Fracture in a Dog

Attempted stabilization of open, distal radius and ulnar fractures in a 3-year-old German shepherd dog using intramedullary pins and a Schroeder-Thomas splint resulted in malalignment of the limb and osteomyelitis. A double hook plate was used to rigidly stabilize the distal radial fracture after anatomical realignment. An autogenous cancellous bone graft was used where a lateral architectural defect remained after reduction. Culture of the fracture site showed Staphylococcus sp., which responded to chloramphenicol therapy. Fracture union and resolution of osteomyelitis occurred by 9 weeks after surgery, and the dog had no lameness and a normal muscle mass 22 weeks after surgery. The double hook plate provided rigid internal fixation of the radial fracture, allowed a rapid return to function during osteosynthesis, and minimal interference of antebrachiocarpal joint function occurred.
Closed loop nonlinear process identification using internally recurrent nets

Abstract The feasibility of using an internally recurrent network (IRN) as a nonlinear dynamic model for a plant and directly identifying the model using the plant input and output data from the controlled plant is discussed in this paper. It is shown that if the setpoint signal is employed as the excitation to the plant, an open loop model can be identified by the direct identification method from closed loop data. Simulations show that the IRN structure is a satisfactory nonlinear dynamic model structure for identifying nonlinear plants under closed loop control, and the long term prediction performance of an identified IRN model is generally good. In our investigation, we used nonlinear programming for IRN training, and it proved to be a good method for off-line network training. © Elsevier Science Ltd. All Rights Reserved.
O(N/sup 3/ log N) backprojection algorithm for the 3-D Radon transform

We present a novel backprojection algorithm for three-dimensional (3-D) Radon transform data that requires O(N/sup 3/ log/sub 2/ N) operations for reconstruction of an N/spl times/N/spl times/N volume from O(N/sup 2/) plane-integral projections. Our algorithm uses a hierarchical decomposition of the 3-D Radon transform to recursively decompose the backprojection operation. Simulations are presented demonstrating reconstruction quality comparable to the standard filtered backprojection, which requires O(N/sup 5/) computations under the same circumstances.
Core Side-chain Packing and Backbone Conformation in Lpp-56 Coiled-coil Mutants

Native proteins exhibit precise geometric packing of atoms in their hydrophobic interiors. Nonetheless, controversy remains about the role of core side-chain packing in specifying and stabilizing the folded structures of proteins. Here we investigate the role of core packing in determining the conformation and stability of the Lpp-56 trimerization domain. The X-ray crystal structures of Lpp-56 mutants with alanine substitutions at two and four interior core positions reveal trimeric coiled coils in which the twist of individual helices and the helix-helix spacing vary significantly to achieve the most favored superhelical packing arrangement. Introduction of each alanine "layer" into the hydrophobic core destabilizes the superhelix by 1.4 kcal mol(-1). Although the methyl groups of the alanine residues pack at their optimum van der Waals contacts in the coiled-coil trimer, they provide a smaller component of hydrophobic interactions than bulky hydrophobic side-chains to the thermodynamic stability. Thus, specific side-chain packing in the hydrophobic core of coiled coils are important determinants of protein main-chain conformation and stability.
Regulation of dorsal gene expression in Xenopus by the ventralizing homeodomain gene Vox.

Abstract Patterning in the vertebrate embryo is controlled by an interplay between signals from the dorsal organizer and the ventrally expressed BMPs. Here we examine the function of Vox, a homeodomain-containing gene that is activated by the ventralizing signal BMP-4. Inhibition of BMP signaling using a dominant negative BMP receptor (ΔBMPR) leads to the ectopic activation of dorsal genes in the ventral marginal zone, and this activation is prevented by co-injection of Vox. chordin is the most strongly activated of those genes that are up-regulated by ΔBMPR and is the gene most strongly inhibited by Vox expression. We demonstrate that Vox acts as a transcriptional repressor, showing that the activity of native Vox is mimicked by a Vox-repressor fusion (VoxEnR) and that a Vox-activator fusion (VoxG4A) acts as an antimorph, causing the formation of a partial secondary axis when expressed on the ventral side of the embryo. Although Vox can ectopically activate BMP-4 expression in whole embryos, we see no activation of BMP-4 by VoxG4A, demonstrating that this activation is indirect. Using a hormone-inducible version of VoxG4A, we find that a critical time window for Vox function is during the late blastula period. Using this construct, we demonstrate that only a subset of dorsal genes is directly repressed by Vox, revealing that there are different modes of regulation for organizer genes. Since the major direct target for Vox repression is chordin, we propose that Vox acts in establishing a BMP-4 morphogen gradient by restricting the expression domain of chordin.
Contractile properties of the left ventricle with aneurysm.

Abstract Twenty-five patients with an anterior wall acute myocardial infarction (AMI) were studied by 2-dimensional echocardiography (2-D echo) 3 to 5 days after the onset of chest pain, and serially over 3 to 24 months to determine if a particular pattern of contractility may predispose to left ventricular (LV) aneurysm formation. No subject had a prior AMI. In 8 subjects LV aneurysm eventually developed (group I), usually within 2 to 4 weeks of AMI; in 17 patients LV aneurysm did not develop (group II). Percent fractional shortening of the basal and midventricular segments was significantly better in group I subjects than in group II subjects (29 ± 2% vs 20 ± 2%, p
Nazi Kirchenpolitik and Polish Catholicism in the Reichsgau Wartheland, 1939–1941

With the invasion of Poland on September 1, 1939, National Socialist Germany aimed to destroy the Polish nation and Polish national consciousness. The Nazi regime attempted to accomplish this in a variety of ways, including the destruction of Polish cultural institutions, forced resettlement, forced labor, incarceration in prisons and camps, random and systematic roundups of prisoners, and mass murder. To the German authorities in occupied Poland and to many Poles, it was obvious that the occupation would target the Polish Catholic Church with vigor and brutality. Catholicism was the religion of approximately 65 percent of interwar Poland's population: it dominated religious life, held tremendous wealth and political power, and its clergy were widely respected as members of the intelligentsia. More importantly for the Germans, the Catholic Church was a locus and symbol of Polish national identity.
Digital Curation Tools: Metadata Enhancement with Selenium IDE

Paper accompanying a poster presentation for the 2013 International iConference. This paper describes metadata enhancement with Selenium IDE.
Dynamic voltage scaling for SEU-tolerance in low-power memories

Reliability issues are increasingly problematic as technology scales down and the supply voltage is lowered. Specifically, the Soft-Error Rate (SER) increases due to the reduced feature size and the reduced charge. This paper describes an adaptive method to lower memory power using a dual V dd in a column-based V dd memory with Built-in Current Sensors (BICS). Using our method, we reduce the memory power by about 40% and increase the error immunity of the memory without the significant power overhead as in previous methods.
Verification of SpecC using predicate abstraction

Languages such as SystemC or SpecC offer a new design paradigm that addresses the industry's need for a fast time-to-market. However, formal verification techniques are widely applied in the hardware design industry only for low level designs, such as a netlist or RTL. The higher abstraction levels offered by these new languages are not yet amenable to rigorous, formal verification. This paper describes how to apply predicate abstraction to SpecC system descriptions. The technique supports the concurrency constructs offered by SpecC. It models the bit-vector semantics of the language accurately, and can be used for both property checking and for checking refinement together with a traditional low-level design given in Verilog.
Community structure and the habitat templet: ants in the tropical forest canopy and litter

The tropical forest canopy and litter differ in physical structure, resource availability, and abiotic conditions. We used standardized bait experiments in the canopy and litter of four neotropical tree species to explore how these differences shape the behavior, morphology, and diversity of ant assemblages. Ant activity (biomass at a bait after 32 min) was higher in the canopy, and higher on protein baits than carbohydrate baits. Aggressive bait defense occurred more frequently in the canopy (60%) than in the litter (32%), but was not associated with tree species or bait type in either habitat. The median size of workers of species in the canopy and litter was nearly identical, but body size distribution was unimodal in the canopy and bimodal in the litter. The colony size of the most aggressive species was an order of magnitude larger in the canopy. Species richness at a bait was relatively uniform across tree species and habitats. Litter and canopy shared no species, but overlap among tree species was three times higher in the litter assemblages. Litter assemblages showed less activity, less interference, less differentiation across the landscape, and different size distributions than canopy assemblages. The canopy and litter templets subsume a number of environmental gradients that combine to shape ant community structure.
The Prevalence of Sensory Deficits, Functional Limitations, and Disability Among Older Southeast Asians in the United States

Objectives: This study described the prevalence of and risk factors for sensory deficits, cognitive and physical functional limitations, and disability among older Southeast Asian refugees in the U...
Quality improvement in academic medical centres: a resident perspective

My pager goes off. It’s the nurse worried about my sick patient in room 143 who spiked another fever overnight and is becoming more tachycardic. I ask my intern to evaluate and consider broadening the antibiotic coverage. Looking over our list, I notice there are still 12 patients to see: 4 potential discharges, 3 overnight admissions and 5 others. My pager beeps again and it's the emergency department (ED) calling for another admission. I look at the clock and notice its 8:05. Attending rounds begin in 55 min. Just under 11 h left in the call day. I run to the ED to triage the new admission, passing by our quality improvement board for inpatient medicine. It's packed with information: charts and graphs depicting length of stay, hand washing, patient satisfaction and infection control. Our progress interests me greatly, but I seldom have a moment to look at the board given the time pressures of my daily work. Downstairs in the ED, I interview and examine the patient, diagnosing decompensated heart failure. I enter admission orders quickly, starting a diuretic so we don’t waste time. It has been the new standard work to place orders for an inpatient admission within 1 h of an ED call in an effort to improve the patient experience and expedite movement from the ED to the medicine ward. I know this target well because I was the resident representative during our recent quality improvement workshop on decreasing patient wait times in the ED. During this activity, we were educated in the use of Lean, one of many powerful tools for process improvement.1 Lean starts with understanding the ‘current state’ of a system and outlining an ideal ‘future state’ followed by transitioning towards that ideal through a series of stepwise experiments using the scientific method. Lean has …
Extent and Reproductive Mechanisms of Phragmites australis Spread in Brackish Wetlands in Chesapeake Bay, Maryland (USA)

The number of patches of non-native Phragmites australis in brackish tidal wetlands in the Rhode River subestuary increased from 5 in 1971–72 to 212 in 2007, and the area covered by the patches increased more than 25 times during the same time interval. Genetic analysis of the patches showed that the expansion has primarily been from seed, and genetic similarities between patches indicate that most cross-pollination occurs within a distance of 50 m. Comparison of patches in different parts of the subestuary indicate that the expansion of Phragmites australis has occurred at the scale of the entire subestuary and not the scale of subsections of the subestuary dominated by differing upland land-uses.
Effects of Drinking Water Temperature on Physiological Responses of Lactating Holstein Cows in Summer

Abstract Nine lactating Holstein cows were offered drinking water of 7.2, 15.6, and 23.9°C in a 3 × 3 Latin square design in Experiment 1. Water was offered for 10 min at 1300 h to simulate time in a milking parlor. Water consumption declined as drinking water temperature decreased. Respiration rates decreased as the drinking water temperature decreased. In Experiment 2, 8 lactating Holstein cows were offered water of 12.8 and 26.7°C in a 2 × 2 changeover design. Results were consistent with Experiment 1. In experiment 3, 16 lactating Holstein cows were offered drinking water of 10, 16, 22, and 28°C in a 4 × 4 Latin square design. Water was offered for 10 min at 1400 h. Respiration rates and deep rectal temperatures were taken before and after watering. Water consumption declined as drinking water temperature decreased, but the cooling effect of the low temperature water was greater. Lower drinking water temperature decreased respiration rates postwatering. Deep rectal temperatures were not affected as drinking water temperature decreased. Both respiration rates and deep rectal temperatures began to increase within 40 min after watering, indicating a transient cooling effect of the chilled water.
Tibial Dyschondroplasia–Associated Proteomic Changes in Chicken Growth Plate Cartilage

Abstract Tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) is a poultry leg problem that affects the proximal growth plate of the tibia, preventing its transition to bone. To understand the disease-induced proteomic changes, we compared the protein extracts of cartilage from normal and TD-affected growth plates. TD was induced by feeding thiram to chickens 2 wk before tissue harvest. Proteins were extracted from whole tissues and from conditioned media (CM) prepared by incubating appropriate growth plate tissues in serum-free culture medium for 48 hr. The extracts were prefractionated to contain proteins ranging between 10 and 100 kD. Equal amounts of proteins were subjected to 2D gel electrophoresis with three individual samples per group. The gels were silver stained, and digital images were compared and analyzed with Melanie software to determine differentially expressed protein spots. On comparison of two sets of gels, 47 matching spots were detected in tissue extracts and 27 in CM extracts. Among the matching spots, 12 w...
Early vision and the minimum norm constraint

Contour-based optical flow is used as a working example to show that the Euler-Lagrange equations admit multiple solutions. The minimum norm constraint is presented as a way of overcoming this problem. This constraint is motivated by the minimum norm solution obtained by the use of singular value decomposition for singular problems of signal processing. Some experimental results obtained using the minimum norm constraint are presented. They show how this constraint helps explain the nonrigid interpretation of some rigidly translating contours. >
Learning to segment images using region-based perceptual features

The recent establishment of a large-scale ground-truth database of image segmentations [D. Martin et al., 2001] has enabled the development of learning approaches to the general segmentation problem. Using this database, we present an algorithm that learns how to segment images using region-based, perceptual features. The image is first densely segmented into regions and the edges between them using a variant of the Mumford-Shah functional. Each edge is classified as a boundary or non-boundary using a classifier trained on the ground-truth, resulting in an edge image estimating human-designated boundaries. This novel approach has a few distinct advantages over filter-based methods such as local gradient operators. First, the same perceptual features can represent texture as well as regular structure. Second, the features can measure relationships between image elements at arbitrary distances in the image, enabling the detection of Gestalt properties at any scale. Third, texture boundaries can be precisely localized, which is difficult when using filter banks. Finally, the learning system outputs a relatively small set of intuitive perceptual rules for detecting boundaries. The classifier is trained on 200 images in the ground-truth database, and tested on another 100 images according to the benchmark evaluation methods. Edge classification improves the benchmark F-score from 0.54, for the initial Mumford-Shah-variant segmentation, to 0.61 on grayscale images. This increase of 13% demonstrates the versatility and representational power of our perceptual features, as the score exceeds published results for any algorithm restricted to one type of image feature such as texture or brightness gradient.
Mitochondrial and sex steroid hormone crosstalk during aging

Decline in circulating sex steroid hormones accompanies several age-associated pathologies which may influence human healthspan. Mitochondria play important roles in biosynthesis of sex steroid hormones, and these hormones can also regulate mitochondrial function. Understanding the cross talk between mitochondria and sex steroid hormones may provide insights into the pathologies associated with aging. The aim of this review is to summarize the current knowledge regarding the interplay between mitochondria and sex steroid hormones during the aging process. The review describes the effect of mitochondria on sex steroid hormone production in the gonads, and then enumerates the contribution of sex steroid hormones on mitochondrial function in hormone responsive cells. Decline in sex steroid hormones and accumulation of mitochondrial damage may create a positive feedback loop that contributes to the progressive degeneration in tissue function during aging. The review further speculates whether regulation between mitochondrial function and sex steroid hormone action can potentially influence healthspan.
Isolated Weakness of the Extensor Hallucis Longus in a Patient with Hereditary Spherocytosis

A 24-year-old woman with a history of hereditary spherocytosis and oral contraceptive use presented with a spontaneous, isolated loss of great toe extension. She had clinical and electrodiagnostic evidence of a localized lesion affecting the nerve supply to the extensor hallucis longus (EHL). Full clinical recovery was apparent within 6 months with nonoperative therapy. Isolated EHL weakness may occur as a rare neurologic complication of procedures such as high tibial osteotomies, but, to our knowledge, this has not been reported in the absence of trauma or surgery. While the coexistence of hereditary spherocytosis and a peripheral neuropathy may have been purely coincidental, it is plausible that the isolated lesion in this patient was due to ischemic changes from underlying rheologic conditions, possibly in association with a variation in the neural or nutrient vessel supply to the EHL.
Spousal Support and Work—Family Balance in Launching a Family Business

This study examines whether emotional spousal support contributes to business owners' perceived work—family balance while launching a family business. Hobfoll's Conservation of Resources theory of stress is applied to 109 family business owners and their spouses. Results from structural equation models support several hypotheses. First, reports of spousal support given are strongly related to reports of support received, suggesting genuine interpersonal transactions of support. Second, the effects of spousal support are confounded until a satisfaction-with-business-communication variable is introduced, revealing competing direct and indirect effects on work—family balance. Finally, business owner work hours have an additive negative effect on work—family balance, suggesting multiple means for maintaining work—family balance.
Relation of Charge to Frictional Work in the Static Electrification of Filaments

A study of the generation of electrical charge on fibrous materials was carried out using the apparatus of Hersh and Montgomery, in which a fiber is held fixed in an insulated lower yoke while a second fiber in a grounded upper yoke is rubbed across it under controlled ambient and mechanical conditions. The original apparatus was modi fied to permit measurement of the frictional work of rubbing as well as the charge. Precautions were taken to discharge both fibers with a radioactive source after each measurement.It was found that, at any one velocity, several thousand rubs were required before steady values of charge transferred and frictional work of rubbing were obtained.It was also found that the velocity of rubbing affected strongly both the charge trans ferred and the frictional work of rubbing, the former being found to decrease and the latter to increase with increasing velocity. This has been explained in terms of local heating, plastic junctions, and material transfer which occur during rubbing. ...
Thermal Oxidation Kinetics of MoSi2‐Based Powders

The oxidation process of MoSi2 is very complex, and controversial results have been reported, especially for the early-stage oxidation before the formation of passive SiO2 film. Most oxidation studies have been carried out on bulk consolidated samples, and the early stage of oxidation has not been studied. In this investigation, very fine MoSi 2 powder with an average particle size of 1.6 µm was used. Such a fine particle size makes it easier to study the early stages of oxidation since a significant portion of the powder is oxidized before the formation of passive SiO2 film. The oxidation kinetics of commercial MoSi2‐SiC and MoSi2‐ Si3N4 powder mixtures were also studied for comparison. Weight changes were measured at discrete time intervals at 500° to 1100°C in 0.14 atm of oxygen. X-ray diffraction was used to identify the phases formed during oxidation. Our results show the formation of MoO3 phase and an associated weight gain at low temperatures (500° and 600°C). At temperatures higher than 900°C, Mo 5Si3 phase formed first and was subsequently oxidized to solid SiO2 and volatile MoO3, resulting in an initial weight gain followed by subsequent weight loss. A model based on the assumption that oxidation kinetics of both MoSi2 and Mo5Si3 are proportional to their fractions in the system describes the experimental data well.
Hearing Impairment and Cognitive Decline: A Pilot Study Conducted Within the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Neurocognitive Study

Hearing impairment (HI) is prevalent, is modifiable, and has been associated with cognitive decline. We tested the hypothesis that audiometric HI measured in 2013 is associated with poorer cognitive function in 253 men and women from Washington County, Maryland (mean age = 76.9 years) in a pilot study carried out within the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Neurocognitive Study. Three cognitive tests were administered in 1990-1992, 1996-1998, and 2013, and a full neuropsychological battery was administered in 2013. Multivariable-adjusted differences in standardized cognitive scores (cross-sectional analysis) and trajectories of 20-year change (longitudinal analysis) were modeled using linear regression and generalized estimating equations, respectively. Hearing thresholds for pure tone frequencies of 0.5-4 kHz were averaged to obtain a pure tone average in the better-hearing ear. Hearing was categorized as follows: ≤25 dB, no HI; 26-40 dB, mild HI; and >40 dB, moderate/severe HI. Comparing participants with moderate/severe HI to participants with no HI, 20-year rates of decline in memory and global function differed by -0.47 standard deviations (P = 0.02) and -0.29 standard deviations (P = 0.02), respectively. Estimated declines were greatest in participants who did not wear a hearing aid. These findings add to the limited literature on cognitive impairments associated with HI, and they support future research on whether HI treatment may reduce risk of cognitive decline.
Integrated 585 GHz Hot-Electron Mixers Based on Annular Slot Antennas

Quasi-optical mixers comprised of planar annular slot antennas with integrated niobium hot-electron bolometers have been developed for imaging applications at 585 GHz. The embedding impedance presented to the bolometer is analyzed using the induced EMF method and extends the analysis presented by Tong and Blundell (1994) by including the contribution of the antenna feed. In addition, the ray-tracing approach described by Filipovic et al. (1993) has been applied to determine the far-field antenna pattern of the annular slot mounted to a high-resistivity silicon lens. The integrated quasi-optical bolometer is a prototype design for a planar imaging array and details of the EMF analysis and preliminary receiver measurements are presented in this work.
Introduction to the Diagnosis of Cancer

The diagnosis is a name that is given to a disease process that summarizes its probable natural history, and possible aetiology and is the foundation for all potential treatment. Making a diagnosis of cancer in an individual patient is a complex process that requires the integration of clinical, molecular, and morphologic findings. In this chapter we discuss how cancer is detected in a population by screening as well as the methods that are used to classify tumours including histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and molecular studies. Features of tumours that are important for treatment such as grade, stage, and predictive and prognostic factors as well as the monitoring of response to therapy are also covered. Keywords: cancer screening; diagnosis; immunohistochemistry; minimal residual disease; pathology; prognosis; tumour classification; tumour markers; tumour staging
A Framework for Research and Intervention Design in Supported Decision-Making

Abstract Supported decision-making has emerged as an alternative to traditional models of guardianship as a means to support people with intellectual disability to be maximally included in the totality of their lives. Based on social-ecological models of disability that emphasize personal strengths and abilities and supports that enable people to fully participate in normative environments and contexts, supported decision-making has promise to enhance self-determination and quality of life. Research on factors related to decision making, on supports to enable people to fully engage in the decision-making process, and on efforts to design interventions that promote knowledge and skills pertaining to decision making are among the needed next steps to begin to realize the goal that people with intellectual disability are supported to make decisions. This article proposes a three-pronged framework for considering the design of assessments and interventions to promote supported decision-making; decision-making...
Money priming can change people’s thoughts, feelings, motivations, and behaviors: An update on 10 years of experiments.

Caruso, Vohs, Baxter, and Waytz (2013) posited that because money is used in free market exchanges, cues of money would lead people to justify and support the systems that allow those exchanges to take place. Hence, the authors predicted that money primes would boost system justification, social dominance, belief in a just world, and free market ideology, and found supportive evidence. Rohrer, Pashler, and Harris (2015) failed to replicate those effects. This article discusses the factors that predict priming effects, and particularly those pertinent to differences between Caruso et al. and Rohrer et al. Variations in a prime's meaning, the ease with which primed content comes to mind, the prime's motivational importance, and the ambiguity of the outcome situation influence the impact of the prime. Money priming experiments (totaling 165 to date, from 18 countries) point to at least 2 major effects. First, compared to neutral primes, people reminded of money are less interpersonally attuned. They are not prosocial, caring, or warm. They eschew interdependence. Second, people reminded of money shift into professional, business, and work mentality. They exert effort on challenging tasks, demonstrate good performance, and feel efficacious. Money priming is not the same as priming another popular means of exchange, credit cards, and can have bigger effects when there is an implied connection between the self and having money. The practical benefits of money have been studied by other disciplines for decades, and the time is now for psychologists to study the effects of merely being reminded of money.
Theories and Experiments on Friction, Deformation, and Fracture in Plastic Deformation Processes

Various methods of analysis, based on different assumptions and degrees of approximation, have been developed for the solution of plastic deformation problems. The choice of a specific method depends upon the information sought. In this paper, the problems of friction, deformation characteristics, and fracturing involved in plastic deformation processes are discussed, using three different methods of analysis: the upper-bound, the slip-line, and the finite element methods.
Sex Offenders—America’s New Witches? A Theoretical Analysis of the Emergence of Sex Crime Laws

ABSTRACTDuring the 1990s, the United States enacted several punitive sex crime laws. Contemporary scholarship suggests this shift can be understood as a modern “witch hunt.” However, theoretical accounts have yet to examine systematically the emergence of such legislation. This study applies two theories—the first by Erikson and the second by Jensen—to assess whether they accord with known facts about the proliferation of these laws. Broad support for the theories as accounts for the punitive trend in sex crime legislation exists, but the inclusion of information dissemination as an additional factor would strengthen these accounts. Implications are discussed.
The Disappearing State and the Quasi-Event of Immigration Control

Immigration enforcement by sheriffs and police can be characterized as a proliferation of quasi-events which never quite rise to the status of an event. This poses distinct challenges for feminist-inspired scholarship on the state which seeks to document, ethnographically, how the state goes about its business on the ground. In this article we draw on our fieldwork experience in North Carolina and Georgia on sheriffs’ and police departments’ use of traffic enforcement and policing roadblocks to scrutinize drivers for their legal status, and ask how our ethnographic approach to the problem of state power inevitably stumbles in relation to the ordinariness of these practices. We conclude that feminist scholarship committed to an ethnography of the state could do much more to think through the potentially aporetic quality of that which is our common object of research—the state in practice. Resumen La implementacion de leyes migratorias por comisarios y policias podria caracterizarse como una proliferacion de cuasi-eventos que nunca alcanzan la categoria de evento propiamente dicho. Esto plantea diversos retos para la investigacion academica feminista que busca documentar, etnograficamente, como el estado opera en el terreno. En este articulo, nos basamos en datos de nuestra investigacion de campo en Carolina del Norte y Georgia sobre el uso por comisarios y policias de retenes de trafico para investigar el estatus juridico migratorio de los conductores. Cuestionamos la medida en que nuestra aproximacion etnografica al problema del poder del estado es inevitablemente afectada por la cotidianidad de estas practicas. Concluimos que los estudios feministas comprometidos con una etnografia del estado podrian considerar mas profundamente la potencial aporia del foco comun de estudio, que es el estado en ejercicio.
Clinical outcome of septic patients with undetectable vitamin D levels at ICU admission

Septic patients with very low vitamin D (VD) levels are expected to most benefit from supplementation strategies but few data are available in this specific population.[1]
Laboratory Colonization of the Human Onchocerciasis Vector Simulium Damnosum Complex (Diptera: Simuliidae), Using an Enclosed, Gravity-Trough Rearing System

The onchocerciasis vector Simulium damnosum s. lat. was colonized for almost 6 generations using an inexpensive, enclosed, gravity-trough rearing system designed to flood itself during power failure. Egg-to-adult survival for F1–F5 was 74.3, 85.5, 25.8, 17.6, and 0%, respectively. Maximum egg-to-adult survival and developmental synchrony were obtained with F2's reared at 25–26 °C. Insemination of females was estimated at 0.4, 6, 7, 6, and 2% for the parental–F4 generations, respectively. Behavioral observations suggested female refractoriness prevented higher insemination rates. The male: female ratio was 1:1, 1.1:1, 0.7:1, 0.5:1, and 0.07:1 for the parental–F4 generations, respectively. The altered sex ratios and decreased larval survival of later generations are unexplained but may indicate inbreeding depression. Sixty-six percent of emerged females (total females emerged = 4768) survived to day 2 and an average of 92.5% of these blood-fed on humans. Egg development required 72 h at 27–28 °C. An average of 65.2% of engorged females survived to day 4 and 94.6% of surviving females oviposited on cork substrates under simulated twilight conditions. Fecundity of F2 and F4 females was 450.50 ± 145 ( n = 40, range = 200–811) and 502.79 ± 180.02 ( n = 30, range = 80–836), respectively. The difference in fecundity between F2 and F4 females was not significant. Eleven percent of fertile eggs stored 18–20 days at 0.5–1 °C hatched.
Taxonomy of Cylindrocladium Floridanum and C. Scoparium

The fungus attacking conifer seedlings in the Lake States region, previously identified as Cylindrocladium scoparium Morgan, is morphologically distinct from this species, but is morphologically in...
Salmonella enteritidis Immune Leukocyte-Stimulated Soluble Factors: Effects on Increased Resistance to Salmonella Organ Invasion in Day-Old Leghorn Chicks

Cytokines, derived from either concanavalin A-stimulated Salmonella enteritidis-immune chicken T lymphocytes [SE-immune Lymphocyte Stimulated Soluble Factor (LSSF)] or lipopolysaccharide-stimulated SE-immune chicken macrophages [SE-immune Macrophage Stimulated Soluble Factor (MSSF)], were evaluated for their ability to increase resistance to SE organ invasion in day-old Leghorn chicks. In Trial 1, day of hatch chicks were injected i.p. with either SE-immune LSSF or Se-nonimmune LSSF (control). In Trial 2, chicks were similarly injected with either SE-immune MSSF, SE-nonimmune MSSF, or SE-immune LSSF (positive control). Thirty minutes postinjection, all chicks were gavaged with an invasive dose of SE. Twenty-four hours later, livers and spleens from all chicks were cultured for SE. In Trial 1, SE-immune LSSF caused a rapid and marked protection (P < .01) against SE infection as determined by the number of chicks that were culture positive regardless of challenge dose. In Trial 2, SE-immune MSSF was not associated with protection against SE organ infection. These experiments demonstrate that SE-immune LSSF, but not MSSF, are able to confer protection against SE organ invasion in day-old Leghorn chicks. Thus, it appears that the stimulated immune T cell, and not the macrophage, is responsible for producing the soluble products that protected the chicks.
Induction of interferon in mice infected with Toxoplasma gondii.

SummaryInfection of mice with the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii, resulted in the appearance in their sera of a viral inhibitor possessing the major physico-chemical and biological properties of interferon. This interferon was undectectable in the sera at 8 hours following infection, reached a peak at 24 hours, and persisted for at least 72 hours. Infection of L-929 (murine) cell cultures with toxoplasma did not elicit the formation of detectable interferon in the culture fluids.
Antiserum for Renin.

Conclusions1. The rabbit is able to produce an antiserum which counteracts the pressor effect of dog renin. 2. The antiserum for dog renin appears to diminish the pressor response to rabbit renin.3. This antiserum has no effect on the pressor action of pituitrin.4. The dog appears able to produce an antiserum to hog renin. 5. The active principle of the antiserums (antirenin) is most likely a non-precipitating antibody or possibly an antihormone. 6. Studies are now in progress to determine the value of antirenin in the therapy of experimental renal hypertension and also in the elucidation of the possible pathogenetic role of renin in this form of hypertension.
Analysis of the monitoring results of iodate content in iodized salt consumed by the residents in Bazhou district in 2010

Objective:To understand and master residents consumption of iodized salt conditions in Bazhou district,timely find problems and take intervention measures,and guarantee the rural residents eat qualified iodized salt.In order to provide scientific basis for prevention and control strategy.Methods:In accordance with the "national iodized salt monitoring program(Amendment)",samples were selected for detection and results were analyzed.Results:288 samples of iodized salt in households were detected with the qualification rate of 96.88%.Conclusion:Qualified rate of iodized salt and consuming rate of qualified iodized salt both reached national standards.But a few villages still use substandard iodized salt which need to stress supervision and inspection of iodized salt and intensify the publicity of and education.
Identifying contextual information in clinical texts: a study of two domains.

Contextual information, such as the affirmation or negation of medical problems, is key in Information Extraction (IE) from clinical texts. As there are very few available annotated clinical datasets, the practical question of training corpora reusability arises. Clinical IE systems face the challenge of disparate clinical sub-domain narratives typically lacking targeted training/testing data. We evaluated the crossdomain reusability of a clinical dataset annotated with contextual information medical concepts and their assertion status (present, absent, hypothetical, possible, conditional, not associated with the patient). Systems developed on a training dataset consisting of discharge summaries and progress notes were then evaluated on a new sub-domain radiology reports. We developed a machine learning and a rule-based system and observed that there was a minor performance drop when applied to a new dataset of radiology reports. The rule-based system exhibited stable performance with no statistically significant change. While the machine learning approach had a statistically significant performance drop, it still outperformed the rule-based system. Results suggest that an annotated training dataset could be reused across clinical subdomains for the task of identifying contextual information.
Medieval Exegesis and Religious Difference: Commentary, Conflict, and Community in the Premodern Mediterranean

The 13 essays in this book were originally presented at a conference held at the University of Michigan in October 2011. Ryan Szpiech has organized the essays into four sections and writes that the...
MO-B-BRC-01: Introduction

Brachytherapy has proven to be an effective treatment option for prostate cancer. Initially, prostate brachytherapy was delivered through permanently implanted low dose rate (LDR) radioactive sources; however, high dose rate (HDR) temporary brachytherapy for prostate cancer is gaining popularity. Needle insertion during prostate brachytherapy is most commonly performed under ultrasound (U/S) guidance; however, treatment planning may be performed utilizing several imaging modalities either in an intra- or post-operative setting. During intra-operative prostate HDR, the needles are imaged during implantation, and planning may be performed in real time. At present, the most common imaging modality utilized for intra-operative prostate HDR is U/S. Alternatively, in the post-operative setting, following needle implantation, patients may be simulated with computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Each imaging modality and workflow provides its share of benefits and limitations. Prostate HDR has been adopted in a number of cancer centers across the nation. In this educational session, we will explore the role of U/S, CT, and MRI in HDR prostate brachytherapy. Example workflows and operational details will be shared, and we will discuss how to establish a prostate HDR program in a clinical setting. Learning Objectives: 1. Review prostate HDR techniques based on the imaging modality 2. Discuss the challenges and pitfalls introduced by the three imagebased options for prostate HDR brachytherapy 3. Review the QA process and learn about the development of clinical workflows for these imaging options at different institutions
Knowledge Nurturing Reflexivity: The Internal Conversation Approach

Leveraging intellectual capital has become imperative to facilitate individuals’ innovativeness. However, little is known about the process of knowledge nurturing reflexivity where newborn ideas and newfound knowledge, which may be incomplete or ineffective in their infancy, are further developed instead of being criticized or discarded. Without proper nurturing, they may be abandoned prematurely and never be transformed into innovativeness. To fill this research gap, this study explores knowledge nurturing reflexivity which is drawn upon the internal conversation. Data collected from 140 IS individuals were used to test the research framework. Empirical results show that sociability and solidarity are conducive to absorptive capacity which in turn influences knowledge nurture. In addition, innovativeness is significantly affected by knowledge nurture. This study contributes to overcoming the weakness of reflexivity modeling in the IS literature. It also provides important insights about the essential role of the internal conversation in building knowledge nurturing reflexivity.
A User-Configurable Headstage for Multimodality Neuromonitoring in Freely Moving Rats

Multimodal monitoring of brain activity, physiology, and neurochemistry is an important approach to gain insight into brain function, modulation, and pathology. With recent progress in micro- and nanotechnology, micro-nano-implants have become important catalysts in advancing brain research. However, to date, only a limited number of brain parameters have been measured simultaneously in awake animals in spite of significant recent progress in sensor technology. Here we have provided a cost and time effective approach to designing a headstage to conduct a multimodality brain monitoring in freely moving animals. To demonstrate this method, we have designed a user-configurable headstage for our micromachined multimodal neural probe. The headstage can reliably record direct-current electrocorticography (DC-ECoG), brain oxygen tension (PbrO2), cortical temperature and regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) simultaneously without significant signal crosstalk or movement artifacts for 72 hours. Even in a noisy environment, it can record low-level neural signals with high quality. Moreover, it can easily interface with signal conditioning circuits that have high power consumption and are difficult to miniaturize. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time where multiple physiological, biochemical and electrophysiological cerebral variables have been simultaneously recorded from freely moving rats. We anticipate that the developed system will aid in gaining further insight into not only normal cerebral functioning but also pathophysiology of conditions such as epilepsy, stroke and traumatic brain injury.
A tiered planning strategy for biped navigation

This paper presents a three-tiered planner for biped navigation over large distances through complex environments where conventional 2D planning algorithms designed for wheeled robots fail to find a solution. The lowest tier is a footstep planner which can plan sequences of footholds for navigating through obstacles or over rough terrain. The second tier is a mobile robot planner, which plans outward from the goal to the robot's initial state, building a heuristic to aid the lowest level planner in directing the footholds toward a likely path. The highest tier chooses a long-term path to follow, ignoring the details of how it will be implemented, and directs the lower levels during execution to provide footstep sequences for the robot and notification of when re-planning is necessary. Results are demonstrated with simulated environments and execution.
Executive Function Index (EFI) performance in nonclinical individuals with high levels of autistic traits.

ABSTRACTThis study examined the ability of the Executive Function Index (EFI) to detect differences in executive functioning amongst participants with varying levels of subclinical autistic symptoms as quantified by the Autism Spectrum Quotient (ASQ). Participants were a nonclinical college subject sample classified as displaying either Low (0–15 ASQ score, n = 182) ASQ traits or High (16 or higher ASQ score, n = 91) ASQ traits. Participants were given the ASQ (Baron-Cohen et al., 2001) and the EFI (Spinella, 2005). High ASQ subjects were significantly impaired (p’s .12), although these differences were in the predicted direction (High ASQ < Low ASQ). Use of the EFI as a measure of executive function performance in nonclinical ...