cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Magmatic lulls in the Sierra Nevada captured in zircon from rhyolite of the Mineral King pendant, California

The Mineral King pendant in the Sierra Nevada batholith (California, USA) contains at least four rhyolite units that record high-silica volcanism during magmatic lulls in the Sierran magmatic arc. U-Th-Pb, trace element (single crystal spot analyses via sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe–reverse geometry, SHRIMP-RG), and bulk oxygen isotope analyses of zircon from these units provide a record of the age and compositional properties of the magmas that is not available from whole-rock analysis because of intense hydrothermal alteration of the pendant. U-Pb spot ages reveal that the Mineral King rhyolites are from two periods, the Early Jurassic (197 Ma) and the Early Cretaceous (134–136 Ma). These two rhyolite packages have zircons with distinct compositional trends for trace elements and δ 18 O; the Early Jurassic rhyolite shows less evidence of crustal influences on the rhyolites and the Early Cretaceous rhyolite shows evidence of increasing crustal influences and crystal recycling. These rhyolites capture evidence of magmatism during two periods of low magmatic flux in the Sierran Arc; however, they still show that magmas were derived from interactions of maturing continental crust, increasing from the Early to Late Jurassic. This finding likely reflects the transition of the North America margin from one of docking island arcs in the Early Jurassic to one of a more mature continental arc in the Early Cretaceous. This also shows the utility in examining zircon spot ages combined with trace element and bulk isotopic composition to unlock the petrogenetic history of altered volcanic rocks.
Fractal bet and FHH theories of adsorption: a comparative study

Two theories of multilayer adsorption of gases, namely the BrunauerEmmett-Teller (bet) theory and the Frenkel-Halsey-Hill (fhh) theory, have recently been extended to the case of fractal substrates in a number of different ways. We present a critical evaluation of the various predictions. The principal results are the following. At high coverage, the fractal bet and fhh isotherms apply to mass and surface fractals, respectively. Both give characteristic power laws with D -dependent exponents ( D = fractal dimension of the substrate). The bet isotherm additionally depends on the topological dimension D top of the substrate. For fractal aggregates ( D top = 1) with D
¿Puras Groserías?: Rethinking the Role of Profanity and Graphic Humor in Latin@ Students' Bilingual Wordplay

This article explores the role of profanity and graphic humor in the bilingual wordplay of Latin@ middle school students. We highlight the creativity, skill, and communicative competence embedded in this transgressive wordplay, revealing how these youth employed profanity and graphic humor to index ethnic solidarity and construct bilingual identities. We argue that further exploration of such wordplay might well reveal other functions and meanings that are obscured when it is simply dismissed as inappropriate.
A highly efficient interleaved DC-DC converter using coupled inductors in gaas technology

This paper presents a high power efficiency DC-DC buck converter in Gallium Arsenide technology targeting integrated power amplifier modules. The buck converter adopts an interleaved structure with negatively coupled inductors. Analysis of the effect of coupling on the steady state and transient response of the converter is given. The coupling factor is selected to achieve a maximum power efficiency for a given duty cycle with a minimum penalty on current ripple performance. The DCDC converter is implemented in 0.5µm GaAs pHEMT process and occupies 2.7×2.7mm2 without the output network. It converts 4.5V input to 3.3V output for 1A load current under 250MHz switching frequency with a power efficiency of 86.1%.
Interactions between tropospheric chemistry and aerosols in a unified general circulation model

[1] A unified tropospheric chemistry-aerosol model has been developed within the Goddard Institute for Space Studies general circulation model (GCM). The model includes a detailed simulation of tropospheric ozone-NOx-hydrocarbon chemistry as well as aerosols and aerosol precursors. Predicted aerosol species include sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, black carbon, primary organic carbon, and secondary organic carbon. The partitioning of ammonia and nitrate between gas and aerosol phases is determined by on-line thermodynamic equilibrium, and the formation of secondary organic aerosols is based on equilibrium partitioning and experimentally determined parameters. Two-way coupling between aerosols and chemistry provides consistent chemical fields for aerosol dynamics and aerosol mass for heterogeneous processes and calculations of gas-phase photolysis rates. Although the current version of the unified model does not include a prognostic treatment of mineral dust, we include its effects on photolysis and heterogeneous processes by using three-dimensional off-line fields. We also simulate sulfate and nitrate aerosols that are associated with mineral dust based on currently available chemical understanding. Considering both mineral dust uptake of HNO3 and wet scavenging of HNO3 on ice leads to closer agreement between predicted gas-phase HNO3 concentrations and measurements than in previous global chemical transport model simulations, especially in the middle to upper troposphere. As a result of the coupling between chemistry and aerosols, global burdens of both gas-phase and aerosol species are predicted to respond nonlinearly to changing emissions of NOx, NH3, and sulfur.
Disordered Breathing and Hypoxia during Sleep in Coronary Artery Disease

The occurrence of breathing disorders and hypoxia during sleep was studied in 17 male patients with coronary artery disease, demonstrated by coronary angiography, who did not have symptomatic pulmonary disease. Thirteen patients (76 percent) experienced disordered breathing during sleep; of these, 11 had obstructive apnea and the other two had Cheyne-Stokes breathing. There was an average of 20 episodes of disordered breathing per hour during sleep among the 13 patients, with a mean duration of 24 seconds per episode; significant oxygen desaturation occurred in ten of these 13 patients. There was no episode of angina pectoris, myocardial infarction or sudden death. Although cardiac arrhythmias occurred in 12 patients, disordered breathing with hypoxia was not proven to be causative. Therefore, obstructive disordered breathing and nocturnal oxygen desaturation commonly occurred during sleep in patients with coronary artery disease. Although no immediate ill effects were noted, the longterm effects remain to be determined.
The unruly queer figure’s phallic seductions and the re/production of sexual (in)difference:

This article interrogates a psychoanalytically inflected strain of anti-social queer theory that in privileging refusal and negation, views as paradigmatic of ‘queerness’ the destructive, annihilative aspects in (queer) sex. In this view, sexuality is a product of the unconscious, thus irreducible to gender, such that gender is irrelevant to (and indeed hinders) understandings of desire. Informed by feminism, which views gender as crucial to any theory on sexuality, I expose that which ‘sexual negation’ masks through this very disavowal – that of gender and the body itself. I argue that subtending the figural representation of queer/ness is a deep-seated, albeit disguised, masculinism that, through negation, works to re-centre and re-virilise (gay) men’s sexual economies. I take up Butler’s lesbian phallus to de-idealise and thus challenge this privileging of the penis operating within this strain of queer – as only phallic sexual economies can, it seems, deliver the very annihilation we (all) seek.
Burning Issues in Dispositional Mindfulness Research

The recent development of dispositional mindfulness measures has sparked several contentious issues regarding our understanding of mindfulness, its measurement, and its development. In this chapter, we consider theory and review empirical research to address four burning issues in dispositional mindfulness research. We review both scholarly and empirical research bearing on the meaning of mindfulness, and discuss distinctions between mindfulness and other attention constructs. We review the validity of dispositional mindfulness measures and highlight their convergence with mindfulness inductions and interventions on key outcomes of interest, namely psychological well-being and emotion regulation. We also attempt to show how the widespread deployment of psychometric instruments to measure individual differences in mindfulness has contributed to understanding how mindfulness itself—apart from the methods designed to enhance it—is related to adaptive emotion-relevant outcomes at neural, psychophysiological, and psychological levels of analysis. Finally, we discuss how qualities of mindful attention may develop through developmental and contextual influences, in addition to formal training. Investigating mindfulness as an individual difference has contributed to a developing theory of mindfulness, and has opened the field to topics of inquiry not easily permissible by other means.
Identifying the dominant interstitial complex in dilute GaAsN alloys

Significant composition-dependent incorporation of N into non-substitutional sites is often reported for dilute GaAsN alloys. To distinguish (N-N)As, (N-As)As, and (AsGa-NAs) complexes, we compare Rutherford backscattering spectrometry and nuclear reaction analysis (NRA) spectra with Monte Carlo-Molecular Dynamics simulations along the [100], [110], and [111] directions. For the Monte Carlo simulation, we assume that (N-N)As is aligned along the [111] direction, while (N-As)As is aligned along the [010] direction. The measured channeling NRA spectra exhibit the highest (lowest) yield in the [111] ([100]) directions. Similar trends are observed for simulations of (N-As)As, suggesting that (N-As)As is the dominant interstitial complex in dilute GaAsN.
BASIS FOR BINARY COMPARISONS AND NON-STANDARD PROBABILITIES

To analyse paired comparison outcomes, such as with non-standard probabilities, a basis is created for the space of all binary interactions, whether from probabilities, correlations, etc. In this manner, the source of all transitive and non-transitive behaviours (e.g. path dependencies) can be identified.
Adoptive cellular therapy using bone marrow-derived T cells for the treatment of childhood leukemia

Meeting abstracts The survival for pediatric leukemia patients is approaching 90%, but there are patient subgroups that fare poorly including those with relapsed, or high-risk, acute lymphocytic and acute myeloid leukemia (ALL and AML, respectively). For these reasons, there is an unprecedented
En bloc transplantation of kidneys from donors weighing less than 15 kg. into adult recipients.

AbstractEn bloc transplantation of kidneys from donors who weighed less than 15kg. into 20 adult patients is described. Intraperitonealization of the medial kidney allowed adequate renal positioning and growth. Graft venous thrombosis occurred in 1 patient and irreversible graft rejection occurred in 4 patients. Graft survival was 65% with excellent function at a mean followup of 8.8 months. En bloc transplantation of pediatric cadaver kidney grafts in adults is an acceptable procedure.
Energetics of surface swimming in Brandt's cormorants (Phalacrocorax penicillatus brandt).

The energy requirements of Brandt9s cormorants (Phalacrocorax penicillatus) during surface swimming were measured in birds swimming under a metabolic chamber in a water flume. From the oxygen consumption recordings, we extrapolated the metabolic rate and cost of transport at water speeds ranging from 0 to 1.3 m s(−)(1). In still water, the birds9 mean mass-specific rate of oxygen consumption (V(O2)) while floating at the surface was 20.2 ml O(2)min(−)(1)kg(−)(1), 2.1 times the predicted resting metabolic rate. During steady-state voluntary swimming against a flow, their V(O2) increased with water speed, reaching 74 ml O(2)min(−)(1)kg(−)(1) at 1.3 m s(−)(1), which corresponded to an increase in metabolic rate from 11 to 25 W kg(−)(1). The cost of transport decreased with swimming velocity, approaching a minimum of 19 J kg(−)(1)m(−)(1) for a swimming speed of 1.3 m s(−)(1). Surface swimming in the cormorant costs approximately 18 % less than sub-surface swimming. This confirms similar findings in tufted ducks (Aythya fuligula) and supports the hypothesis that increased energy requirements are necessary in these birds during diving to overcome buoyancy and heat loss during submergence.
An investigation of kinases responsible for site-specific phosphorylation of p70S6K1 in skeletal muscle following chronic functional overloading (1163.13)

The present project was designed to investigate the phosphorylation of p70S6K1 in an animal model of induced hypertrophic growth of skeletal muscle. Within 24 h of chronic functional overloading of...
Histone Modification of Nedd4 Ubiquitin Ligase Controls the Loss of AMPA Receptors and Cognitive Impairment Induced by Repeated Stress.

Stress and the major stress hormone corticosterone induce profound influences in the brain. Altered histone modification and transcriptional dysfunction have been implicated in stress-related mental disorders. We previously found that repeated stress caused an impairment of prefrontal cortex (PFC)-mediated cognitive functions by increasing the ubiquitination and degradation of AMPA-type glutamate receptors via a mechanism depending on the E3 ubiquitin ligase Nedd4. Here, we demonstrated that in PFC of repeatedly stressed rats, active glucocorticoid receptor had the increased binding to the glucocorticoid response element of histone deacetylase 2 ( HDAC2 ) promoter, resulting in the upregulation of HDAC2. Inhibition or knock-down of HDAC2 blocked the stress-induced impairment of synaptic transmission, AMPAR expression, and recognition memory. Furthermore, we found that, in stressed animals, the HDAC2-dependent downregulation of histone methyltransferase Ehmt2 (G9a) led to the loss of repressive histone methylation at the Nedd4-1 promoter and the transcriptional activation of Nedd4. These results have provided an epigenetic mechanism and a potential treatment strategy for the detrimental effects of chronic stress. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Prolonged stress exposure can induce altered histone modification and transcriptional dysfunction, which may underlie the profound influence of stress in regulating brain functions. We report an important finding about the epigenetic mechanism controlling the detrimental effects of repeated stress on synaptic transmission and cognitive function. First, it has revealed the stress-induced alteration of key epigenetic regulators HDAC2 and Ehmt2, which determines the synaptic and behavioral effects of repeated stress. Second, it has uncovered the stress-induced histone modification of the target gene Nedd4, an E3 ligase that is critically involved in the ubiquitination and degradation of AMPA receptors and cognition. Third, it has provided the epigenetic approach, HDAC2 inhibition or knock-down, to rescue synaptic and cognitive functions in stressed animals.
A special case of recurrent gross hematuria: Answers

Wilson’s disease (WD) is an autosomal recessive disorder, and has a variety of presentations. We reported a case of 9-year-old girl who presented with a history of recurrent gross hematuria, renal histological changes of IgA nephropathy, and finally had been confirmed to be Wilson’s disease-associated IgA nephropathy.
A Comment on Palmore and Whittington's Relative Status of the Aged

In a recent article, Palmore and Whittington (1971) employed U.S. Census data to examine the relative status of the aged during the period 1940-69. One finding, a "large and steadily widening gap between the aged and non-aged" must be questioned; for the measure they used -gross income-may have led them to an overly pessimistic conclusion. Failing to take family size into consideration when comparing the economic status of age groups may lead to false conclusions (see Epstein, 1960; Goldstein, 1960; Gordon, 1960; Morgan, 1965; Riley and Foner, 1968). To check our suspicions, we drew data from a longitudinal analysis of the industrial structure of six Illinois counties (see Summers et al., 1969). In this study, two probability samples of heads of households were interviewed; the first in 1966 (n = 1600) and a second independent sample in 1971 (n = 1570). The survey region includes farms, villages, and small urban places. Thus, the population sampled is a microcosm of the Midwest. Further, since most of the respondents reside in an area which underwent substantial industrial development during the study period (1966-71), the data provided a useful test of one of Palmore and Whittington's major conclusions, i.e., the status of the aged declines with industrialization.
A changing trend in obstetric anesthesia; four year report.

During the period from 1957 through 1960, a definite change was noted in the type of anesthetic requested by obstetricians at Evanston Hospital, Evanston, Illinois. Regional anesthetics were still the most frequently employed; however, the single-injection caudal was used more often than the low spinal anesthetic. Use of the low spinal block has decreased due to difficulty in managing postspinal headache, the occasional firm, prolonged contraction after administration of the anesthetic, and the great acceptance of the caudal anesthetic by both patients and obstetricians.During this study, the number of cases in which general, local or no anesthetic was used remained about the same.
Hip resurfacing: a large, US single-surgeon series

Hip resurfacing has been proposed as an alternative to traditional total hip arthroplasty in young, active patients. Much has been learned following the introduction of metal-on-metal resurfacing devices in the 1990s. The triad of a well-designed device, implanted accurately, in the correct patient has never been more critical than with these implants. Following Food and Drug Administration approval in 2006, we studied the safety and effectiveness of one hip resurfacing device (Birmingham Hip Resurfacing) at our hospital in a large, single-surgeon series. We report our early to mid-term results in 1333 cases followed for a mean of 4.3 years (2 to 5.7) using a prospective, observational registry. The mean patient age was 53.1 years (12 to 84); 70% were male and 91% had osteoarthritis. Complications were few, including no dislocations, no femoral component loosening, two femoral neck fractures (0.15%), one socket loosening (0.08%), three deep infections (0.23%), and three cases of metallosis (0.23%). There were no destructive pseudotumours. Overall survivorship at up to 5.7 years was 99.2%. Aseptic survivorship in males under the age of 50 was 100%. We believe this is the largest United States series of a single surgeon using a single resurfacing system.
Determination of chlorate,chlorite and bromate in drinking water by ion chromatography

[Objective]To establish an optimal method for determination of chlorate,chlorite and bromate in drinking water.[Methods]Water sample was filtered through a 0.22 μm aqueous membrane,and then through IonpacAS19-HC separation column(4 mm × 250 mm),IonpacAG19-HC type protecting column,ASRS300,(4-mm) anion suppressor,KOH,conductivity detector.The components were qualitatively determined by retention time and quantitatively determined by peak area.[Results] This method had good linearity(ClO2-: r =0.999 4;BrO3-: r =0.999 2;ClO3-: r =0.999 8),and high precision(RSD 5%),the recoveries were 88.5%-101.2%.[Conclusion]This method is simple,fast,accurate,with high sensitivity,less interference and better practicability.
Effect of reading therapy on mental health of university students

Objective To study the effect of reading therapy on mental health of university students.Methods The effect of mental intervention on the mental health of university students was assessed after 3 months of reading therapy according to the SCL-90.Results The score of different SCL-90 factors and total score were significantly lower in reading therapy group than in control group.Significant change was observed in somatization,obsession,interpersonal relation sensitivity,hostility,paranoia,fear factor and total score.Conclusion Reading therapy can effectively improve the mental health of university students.
A content analysis of articles focusing on single-case research design: ACA journals between 2003 and 2014

ABSTRACTThis content analysis presents an overview of single-case-specific articles published between 2003 and 2014 in 20 American Counselling Association (ACA) journals. In addition to the frequency of single-case design articles, contributors and their affiliation, methodological design, participant populations, and topics of interest and application settings are analysed.
Inhaled tobramycin (TOBI)

Inhaled tobramycin was recently approved by the FDA in a 300 mg formulation for inhalation. The new product, manufactured by PathoGenesis Corporation, is referred to as TOBI and is indicated for cystic fibrosis patients with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The advantage of high dose inhaled tobramycin is a greater concentration of the drug delivered to bacteria in the lung with potentially reduced oto- and nephrotoxicity.
Environmental tobacco smoke and risk of late-diagnosis incident fibroids in the Study of Women's Health across the Nation (SWAN).

Objective To assess the longitudinal relationship of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure during midlife, and its interaction with active smoking, with the risk of late-diagnosis incident uterine fibroids during the menopausal transition. Design Thirteen-year prospective cohort study. Setting Not applicable. Patient(s) Community-based, multiracial/ethnic cohort of 2,575 women aged 42 to 52 years at baseline, undergoing the menopausal transition. Intervention(s) Questionnaire and blood draws. Main Outcome Measure(s) Discrete-time proportional odds models were used to estimate the conditional odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of incident fibroids, adjusted for menopausal status, race/ethnicity, study site, age, education, estradiol levels, sex hormone use, body mass index, timing of blood draw, age at menarche, alcohol use, and smoking status and pack-years. Result(s) As part of SWAN, at each near-annual study visit, ETS exposure, smoking, and fibroid occurrence were self-reported via questionnaire, and blood draws were collected. Women who were exposed to ETS (≥1 person-hour/week) had 1.28 (95% CI, 1.03, 1.60) times the adjusted odds of incident fibroids in the ensuing year compared the unexposed. The odds were elevated in never smokers (adjusted OR 1.34; 95% CI, 1.06, 1.70) and former smokers (adjusted OR 2.57; 95% CI, 1.05, 7.23). Conclusion(s) In midlife, ETS exposure was associated with an increased risk of late-diagnosis incident fibroids in women undergoing the menopausal transition.
Uncertainty, Debt, and Forest Harvesting: Faustmann Revisited

Debt is a common feature of forestland ownership, yet it has not been formalized in previous work on uncertainty and forestry decision-making. We extend Faustmann-based price search models by introducing a debt obligation that landowners feel pressure to pay off in finite time. We assume a price arrival process that is more general than in previous search models and allows for multiple unknown offers each period. The motivation for paying off debt could be the high costs of searching for another price offer, costs of renegotiating or refinancing debt, increasing interest charges, or landowner preferences for eliminating debt. The decision problem and associated reservation price strategy depend on a comparison of costs and benefits of waiting to harvest. The timing of debt-payoff date is the critical feature of our model. We show that a debt-payoff date implies a certain path of reservation prices overtime and ultimately affects harvesting behavior. The direction and magnitude of effect depends on forest maturity. We also investigate how the reservation price-debt payoff date relationship depends on debt in future rotations, nontimber income, amenity benefits, and single versus infinite rotations. Although these ideas, particularly the inclusion of amenities and nontimber income, are absent from the conventional price search literature, we show they have important effects on the optimal reservation price strategy when landowners feel pressure to pay off debts in finite time.
Emotion-sensitive robots - a new paradigm for human-robot interaction

An emotion-sensitive human-robot cooperation framework where a robot is sensitive to the emotions of the human working with it and is also capable of changing its behavior based on this perception is presented in this paper. Peripheral physiological responses of a human are measured through wearable biofeedback sensors to detect and identify his/her underlying level of anxiety. A control architecture inspired by Riley's original information-flow model is designed. In this human-robot interaction framework, the robot is responsive to the psychological states of the human and detects both implicit and explicit communication from the human to determine its own behavior. Human-robot cooperation experiments using a mobile robot as a test bed are performed where the robot senses anxiety level of the human and responds appropriately. The results presented here validate the proposed framework and demonstrated a new way of achieving emotion-based interaction between a human and a robot.
A closer look at the Test of Personal Intelligence (TOPI)

Abstract Personal intelligence involves the capacity to reason about personality and personality-related information. Studying ability-based measures of personal intelligence creates a virtuous cycle of better measurement and better theoretical understanding. In Study 1 (N = 10,318), we conduct an item-level analysis of the Test of Personal Intelligence (TOPI) to explore people's problem-solving abilities in the area. Personal intelligence divided into a Consistency-Congruency factor that concerned understanding traits and their associated behaviors, and a Dynamic-Analytic factor that involved understanding personality processes and goals. The finding cross-validated in Study 2 (N = 8,459). In Study 3 (N = 384), we examined correlates of the two factors. Understanding the abilities involved in personal intelligence may help us to educate people about how to better solve problems about personality.
Finding Motivation to Learn: Exploring Achievement Goals in California Community College CalWORKs Students

This study investigated the achievement goals and motivations of California Community College CalWORKs students in an effort to better support student success and persistence. This study was guided by three research questions: (1) What type of achievement goals do CalWORKs students enter with? (2) What are their rationales for these types of achievement goals? (3) How malleable are these achievement goals? Interviews with 48 participants focused on better understanding the relationship between achievement goal type and motivation changes while in college. Findings indicate that CalWORKs students enter college with a range of goal types, but for many changes in goal type led to more intrinsic motivation and ultimately persistence toward graduation and career goals. Findings from this study also reveal that experiences highlighting students' ability to be competent as learners while balancing other roles helped catalyze change in achievement goal type and/or rationale. The results of this study emphasize that CalWORKs students' achievement goals are malleable, and particular college experiences can facilitate students' movement toward more academically focused goals. More specifically, placing more focus on additional student support programs that can foster peer networking, faculty interactions, and additional career exploration opportunities can lead to change in academic persistence.
Market Area Delineation: A Classroom Exercise

In 2006, the Journal of Geography in Higher Education released a special issue pertaining to teaching economic geography. That special issue serves as the inspiration for the exercise developed in ...
The Role of Transparency in Maintaining the Legitimacy and Credibility of Survey Research

Researchers in the social sciences face competing pressures to both make high-quality scientific contributions to knowledge and to do so as quickly as possible. In survey research, a lack of rigorous documentation and critical introspection about methodological assumptions and decisions may put the quality of the associated work at severe risk. This chapter focuses on research transparency as a method of increasing the credibility of survey research and emphasizes how critical transparency is to building and maintaining the public trust in social science research.
Inherent case in Archaic Chinese

This paper proposes an analysis of subject case in Late Archaic Chinese (LAC). By examining the distribution of first person pronominal subjects, I conclude that there were two distinct morphological cases for subjects in LAC. One of these pronouns, 我 wǒ , valued structural nominative case, while the other one, 吾 wu , was marked with a different case. The occurrence of 吾 wu as the external argument of experiencer and modal predicates clearly suggests that this case was at least sometimes inherent case assigned to the external argument in [Spec, v P]. 吾 wu also functioned as the subject of relative clauses, embedded subjunctive clauses, and irrealis matrix clauses. Since the case valued in these clause types was not sensitive to predicate types, I propose that the source of the case valued by the subject in these environments was T. Working within Chomsky’s (2008) C-T Inheritance framework, I propose that Inheritance did not take place in indicative clauses, so the subject moved to [Spec, CP] to value nominative case. A first person pronoun with nominative case was spelled out as 我 wǒ . But Inheritance was forced if another constituent needed to occupy [Spec, CP]. I propose that relative clauses and irrealis/subjunctive clauses are all derived through operator movement. Because the operator must occupy [Spec, CP], C-T Inheritance must also take place, forcing the subject to move to [Spec, TP] to value its case. The case valued in this position was also the non-nominative form exemplified by the first person pronoun 吾 wu .
A methodology to investigate the relationship between cancer cells cell-cycle phase and their migratory behaviors

We present a methodology integrating live-cell fluorescent microscopy, cell labeling, PDMS fabricated micro-channels (2D) and tumor spheroids (3D), and automated cell tracking in order to investigate cell-cycle phase dependency in invasive behaviors of cancer cells.
Response of phase I and II detoxification enzymes, glutathione, metallothionein and acetylcholine esterase to mercury and dimethoate in signal crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus).

Abstract Metals and pesticides are common pollutants and the modulation of biomarkers can indicate sub-lethal influences on the physiology of organisms inhabiting impacted aquatic systems. We examined the effects of mercury and the organophosphate pesticide dimethoate on EROD, MROD, glutathione S-transferase (GST), acetylcholine esterase (AChE), metallothionein (MT) and glutathione (GSH) in the signal crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus). Crayfish were injected with mercury chloride or dimethoate (0.3, 0.6, 0.9 μg kg−1) and dissected after 72 h. EROD activity in the hepatopancreas did not change in response to mercury chloride treatment but exhibited a dose dependent decrease at all concentrations of dimethoate tested. MROD (hepatopancreas) exhibited a significant decrease at the 0.9 μg kg−1 treatment for both chemicals. GST (hepatopancreas) demonstrated a significant dose dependent decrease at all concentrations of both mercury chloride and dimethoate. AChE (tail muscle) decreased at the 0.6 and 0.9 μg kg−1 concentrations of dimethoate and 0.9 μg kg−1 mercury chloride. In gill tissue, MT increased in response to 0.3 and 0.6 μg kg−1 of mercury chloride but no effect was observed at the 0.9 μg kg−1 concentration of mercury chloride or any concentrations of dimethoate tested. MT did not change in response to mercury or dimethoate in tail tissue. Furthermore, neither chemical modulated GSH concentrations. Our results indicate that, apart from GSH, these markers are sensitive to the pollutants tested and that animals exposed in the wild are potentially compromised in their ability to detoxify environmental contaminants and carry out normal cellular processes.
The visual perception coordinate system uses axes defined by the earth, trunk, and vision.

Eight young adults adjusted a line located on one side of a computer display parallel to internally specified Earth-fixed vertical (display in frontal plane), to the horizontal trunk-fixed anterior - posterior axis (display in horizontal plane), and to an oblique line (display in horizontal and vertical planes). All tasks were completed in a dark room with the head and trunk in both a standard erect posture and varied postures. Errors were lowest when setting the line to internally specified vertical in the frontal plane and to an oblique line in the horizontal plane when head and trunk orientations were varied. Constant errors for setting one line parallel to a second line were in opposite directions when the second line was located on the left versus right side of the display, but did not differ in direction when setting the line parallel to internally specified axes. Also, the oblique effect was preserved when the head and trunk were tilted to various orientations, suggesting that it results from integration of an internally specified gravitational reference with visual input. We conclude that the visual perceptual coordinate system uses internally specified vertical and, when available, a visually specified horizontal reference axis to define object orientation.
Gravity-Gradient Stabilization of Earth Satellites

The possibility of using the earth’s gravity field for vertical stabilization of near-earth satellites has intrigued theoreticians for many years. The very small stabilizing torque available, and the lack of a natural damping mechanism have been recognized as the major problems. The satellite 1963-22A launched in June 1963 was the first orbiting vehicle to successfully achieve passive gravity-gradient attitude stabilization. The initial spin of the satellite vas removed by mechanical and magnetic despin devices. An internal electromagnet was then energized to align the satellite along the local magnetic field direction. Twelve hours later when the satellite passed over the north magnetic pole it was vertical with the correct side facing earthward. A 100 foot boom was then extended from the satellite and the magnetic dipole was turned off. Libration damping was provided by the combination of a lossy spring and magnetic hysteresis rods. Within a week after boom deployment the peak angle of oscillation of the satellite was damped below 15 degrees. By June 1964 four other satellites achieved gravity-gradient stabilization using passive damping techniques. The satellites 1963-38B and 1963-49B used the combination of a lossy spring and magnetic rods in a configuration that was virtually identical to the satellite 1963-22A. The satellite 1964-26A achieved gravity stabilization using only 0.6 pound of magnetic hysteresis rods to damp the peak libration angle from 40 degrees to 10 degrees in a period of approximately 4 days. This lightweight, simple and completely passive magnetic damping technique shows great promise for future applications for near-earth orbiting satellites. At satellite altitudes above 5000 miles, vector magnetometers with current amplifiers can be used to enhance the damping capability of the magnetic rods. This semi-passive technique with no moving parts should be suitable for satellites even at synchronous altitude. Thermal bending of the extendible booms has been observed on several satellites. A high frequency, dynamic boom bending has been observed for unplated booms with an amplitude of ±12 degrees. With silver plated booms, the dynamic thermal bending was reduced to less than ±1/4 degree.
History of Dyadic Ontology

The history of Western philosophy, from pre-Homeric to modern times, can be read from the perspective of a single problem. Such a reading, though narrow, offers the advantage of unity of structure. Chronological succession in at least one of its aspects can mean the unfolding of logical sequence: from what was held to be true to what was worked out in practice. It also features the drama of the struggle with a master pattern, efforts which, as we shall see, meet with varying degrees of failure before final success.
Nuclear Fables and Facts

Many misconceptions have entered the nuclear folklore in recent decades. Major fables propagated by opponents of nuclear power are summarized here, and countered with facts. These facts are based on studies and data published by professional societies, representing some 250,000 diploma-ed engineers from around the world. Factual statements are backed up by data in later chapters. Some controversial issues were already touched upon briefly in Chapter 1.
Improving outcome of valve replacement for carcinoid heart disease

Abstract Objective Carcinoid heart disease is characterized by tricuspid valve regurgitation and varying degrees of pulmonary valve regurgitation or stenosis. Valve replacement procedures may be complicated by systemic effects of carcinoid syndrome, as well as hepatic dysfunction and right heart failure. This study was performed to identify factors that might be associated with improving early mortality rates and late outcomes. Methods Between November 1985 and January 2018, 240 adult patients underwent surgery for carcinoid heart disease at the Mayo Clinic. We analyzed the association of multiple clinical and echocardiographic variables on early mortality and late survival. Results The median (interquartile range) age of patients was 63 years (55-69), and 117 patients (49%) were male. Before operation, 157 patients (70%) had New York Heart Association class III or IV limitation. Somatostatin analogs were used in 221 patients (92%), and long-acting somatostatins were used in 130 patients (54%). Loop diuretic therapy was used preoperatively in 125 patients (52%). Early mortality rate was 29% (9/22) between 1985 and 1994, but decreased to 7% (6/81) during 1995 to 2004, and to 5% (7/128) from 2005 onward. Overall survival estimates at 1, 3, and 5 years were 69%, 48%, and 34%, respectively. Older age, advanced New York Heart Association class, and a nonlinear effect of creatinine were independently associated with overall mortality. Conclusions Valve replacement for carcinoid heart disease has acceptable short-term mortality, and early risk has decreased in the current era. Earlier intervention may improve overall survival.
Outlier Accommodation By Risk-Averse Performance-Specified Linear State Estimation

This paper presents a novel state estimation approach for linear dynamic systems with measurements corrupted by outliers. Most common methods for outlier accommodation in state estimation utilize the Neyman-Pearson (NP) test combined with a Kalman filter (KF). In the NP-KF approach, residuals are discarded when their absolute value is greater than a designer specified threshold. Alternatively, the method of this paper selects measurements within an optimization framework to minimize the risk of incurring outlier affected measurements, while satisfying a performance specification. A motivating application is connected and autonomous vehicles operating in sensor-rich environments, where large numbers of sensor measurements are available relative to the observability and performance specification requirements; therefore, all the sensor data may not be needed to achieve the system accuracy specification. Using more data than is required to meet the specification exposes the state estimate to unneeded risk of outlier inclusion. Our approach chooses a subset of measurements which have minimum risk while achieving a lower bounded information matrix on the state estimate. The main contributions of this article are (1) presenting a more computationally efficient algorithm for selecting the optimal measurement set, and (2) demonstrating the approach in comparison with the traditional NP-KF approach using realworld GPS Doppler and differential pseudorange data acquired on a moving platform in a challenging environment.
Student Satisfaction with Two-Way Interactive Distance Learning for Delivery of Early Childhood Special Education Coursework

Two-way interactive television (ITV) can be a viable alternative to traditional course delivery in Early Childhood Special Education. ITV involves students and faculty at different locations in the...
Small Signal Analysis of Active Clamp Flyback Converters in Transition Mode and Burst Mode

Active clamp flyback (ACF) converters in transition mode improves the full load efficiency of high-frequency AC/DC and DC/DC power supplies with zero-voltage switching (ZVS). To minimize the impact of the circulating energy for ZVS, burst mode control is used to benefit ACF light load efficiency. However, due to the resonance nature of ACF switching current waveforms, it is difficult to characterize the small-signal properties analytically. In this paper, two new small signal models are developed, and analytical design guides are investigated. An average modeling technique for the transition mode ACF is developed which eliminates the complexity of describing the second-order resonance waveforms, and the model enables a higher system bandwidth design. A high-frequency model for burst mode is derived with the describing function method, which identifies the loop compensation impact and differentiates the stability criteria from the conventional ripple-based (V2) control. Enlightened from the models, a novel nonlinear ramp compensation method and a parallel damping technique are proposed to improve the loop stability and optimize the dynamic response. Finally, SIMPLIS simulations verify the model accuracy, and the fast transient response with the compensation methods are demonstrated on a high-density 45W GaN ACF notebook adapter.
A Look at the Relationship between the Large-Scale Tropospheric Static Stability and the Tropical Cyclone Maximum Intensity

AbstractVarious modeling and observational studies have suggested that tropical cyclone (TC) intensity tends to increase in the future due to projected warmer sea surface temperature (SST). This st...
Chronic Treatment with Morphine Disrupts Acute Kinase-Dependent Desensitization of GPCRs

Based on studies using mutations of the µ-opioid receptor (MOR), phosphorylation of multiple sites on the C-terminus has been recognized as a critical step underlying acute desensitization and the development of cellular tolerance. The aim of this study is to explore which kinases mediate desensitization of MOR in brain slices from drug-naive and morphine-treated animals. Whole-cell recordings from locus coeruleus neurons were made, and the agonist-induced increase in potassium conductance was measured. In slices from naive animals, pharmacological inhibition of G-protein receptor kinase (GRK2/3) with compound 101 blocked acute desensitization. Following chronic treatment with morphine, compound 101 was less effective at blocking acute desensitization. Compound 101 blocked receptor internalization in tissue from both naive and morphine-treated animals, suggesting that GRK2/3 remained active. Kinase inhibitors aimed at blocking protein kinase C and c-Jun N-terminal kinase had no effect on desensitization in tissue taken from naive animals. However, in slices taken from morphine-treated animals, the combination of these blockers along with compound 101 was required to block acute desensitization. Acute desensitization of the potassium conductance induced by the somatostatin receptor was also blocked by compound 101 in slices from naive but not morphine-treated animals. As was observed with MOR, it was necessary to use the combination of kinase inhibitors to block desensitization of the somatostatin receptor in slices from morphine-treated animals. The results show that chronic treatment with morphine results in a surprising and heterologous adaptation in kinase-dependent desensitization. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The results show that chronic treatment with morphine induced heterologous adaptations in kinase regulation of G protein coupled receptor (GPCR) desensitization. Although the canonical mechanism for acute desensitization through phosphorylation by G protein-coupled receptor kinase is supported in tissue taken from naive animals, following chronic treatment with morphine, the acute kinase-dependent desensitization of GPCRs is disrupted such that additional kinases, including protein kinase C and c-Jun N-terminal kinase, contribute to desensitization.
Log, Stock and Two Simple Lotteries. Supplement II

These supplemental materials include extensions and details on the model used in the main text, as well as on its solution. An abbreviated overview of the related literature is also offered. Proofs for the lemmas, propositions, theorems and corollaries stated in the main text are collected here too.
A Scalable Cluster-based Hierarchical Hardware Accelerator for a Cortically Inspired Algorithm

This article describes a scalable, configurable and cluster-based hierarchical hardware accelerator through custom hardware architecture for Sparsey, a cortical learning algorithm. Sparsey is inspi...
Reactive oxygen species/neddylation is a novel pathway of transforming growth factor-β-induced smooth muscle cell differentiation (952.2)

Smooth muscle cell (SMC) differentiation is an essential process in cardiovascular development. SMCs can be differentiated from pluripotent mesenchymal progenitors by transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β) while ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation blocks SMC differentiation. Neural precursor cell-Expressed Developmentally Down-regulated 8 (NEDD8), a member in ubiquitin family, promotes protein stability and prevents protein degradation by conjugating to target proteins. We found that NEDD8/neddylation is essential for TGF-β-induced SMC differentiation. NEDD8 protein is increased during TGF-β-induced SMC differentiation and conjugates to smooth muscle α-actin (α-SMA). Blockade of neddylation by neddylation inhibitor (MLN-4924) or NEDD8 short hairpin interfering RNA significantly inhibited the expression of α-SMA and calponin (CNN) in TGF-β-treated cells. We found that reactive oxygen species (ROS) attenuation by SOD2 overexpression blocked TGF-β-induced NEDD8 conjugation to α-SMA. SOD2 appeared to block n...
Functional–Anatomic Correlates of Control Processes in Memory

A central role for control processes in long-term memory is apparent when one considers that there is far more information available in memory than can be accessed at any single moment ([Tulving and Pearlstone, 1966][1]; [Koriat, 2000][2]). Much as selective attention operates to focus processing on
The construction of mind, self, and society: the social process behind G. H. Mead'S social psychology

Mind, Self, and Society, the posthumously published volume by which George Herbert Mead is primarily known, poses acute problems of interpretation so long as scholarship does not consider the actual process of its construction. This paper utilizes extensive archival correspondence and notes in order to analyze this process in depth. The analysis demonstrates that the published form of the book is the result of a consequential interpretive process in which social actors manipulated textual documents within given practical constraints over a course of time. The paper contributes to scholarship on Mead by indicating how this process made possible certain understandings of his social psychology and by relocating the materials that make up the single published text within the disparate contexts from which they were originally drawn.