cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Governing Subnational Economies

The wave of economic and political transitions across the developing world in the 1980s and 1990s led to divergent outcomes within countries. This chapter reviews the literature on subnational variation in response to national-level economic and political reform and argues that existing research has not fully applied the lens of government-business relations to analyzing economic outcomes at the subnational level. While differences in the pattern of interactions between local authorities and firms are clearly relevant to subnational economic performance, the mechanisms are likely to differ from those at the national level. To underscore this point, this chapter proposes a set of analytical guidelines for understanding subnational government-business relations. The chapter then introduces the book’s argument, which shows how the decisions of large firms shaped the organization of the local private sector in Puebla and Queretaro, leading to different patterns of government-business relations (sometimes also including labor) and, consequently, economic divergence.
5 poems by Ruperta Bautista Vázquez

The five poems translated here draw upon Ruperta Bautista Vazquez's work in which the poet elaborates on Maya cosmovision. It dovetails with her more overtly political poetry in that these poems turn literature into a site of cultural organization and healing in the 21st Century.
A roadmap for semi-automatically extracting predictive and clinically meaningful temporal features from medical data for predictive modeling.

Abstract Predictive modeling based on machine learning with medical data has great potential to improve healthcare and reduce costs. However, two hurdles, among others, impede its widespread adoption in healthcare. First, medical data are by nature longitudinal. Pre-processing them, particularly for feature engineering, is labor intensive and often takes 50–80% of the model building effort. Predictive temporal features are the basis of building accurate models, but are difficult to identify. This is problematic. Healthcare systems have limited resources for model building, while inaccurate models produce suboptimal outcomes and are often useless. Second, most machine learning models provide no explanation of their prediction results. However, offering such explanations is essential for a model to be used in usual clinical practice. To address these two hurdles, this paper outlines: 1) a data-driven method for semi-automatically extracting predictive and clinically meaningful temporal features from medical data for predictive modeling; and 2) a method of using these features to automatically explain machine learning prediction results and suggest tailored interventions. This provides a roadmap for future research.
Determining optimal sensor locations under uncertainty for a truck activity monitoring system on California freeways

A new hybrid sensor technology integrating existing weigh-in-motion axle configuration data combined with inductive signature data obtained from advanced inductive loop detectors is gaining interes...
Optimal Local and In-Route Charging Management of Electric Mobility-on-Demand Systems

On-Demand electric vehicle (EV) systems are expected to have a significantly increasing role in the future of transportation systems in urban areas, to cope with the tremendous increases in urban population and decrease global carbon emissions. An inconvenience in Mobility-on-Demand Electric Vehicle (MoD-EV) systems is the need for some customers to charge EVs before reaching their destinations, which may cause delays in the trip time. Local and in-route charging options are available but the system operator needs to manage the charging assignments of the different EVs as charging all EVs locally may result in large delays. Given a connected system, we propose a routing strategy that aims to decrease these charging delays for the customers by sending the customers to different charging stations either at the pick-up location or nearby charging stations to minimize their average total trip time while respecting the charging constraints and avoid roads congestion. The problem is then formulated by modeling the routing between multiple MoD-EV stations as a multi-server queuing system with an objective of minimizing the expected overall trip duration for all customers, relative to their actual trip time without charging as a convex optimization problem. Optimal routing decisions and actual trip times are then derived analytically and simulation results show the significant gains of our proposed model as compared to shortest path and random routing schemes.
Reference Education: Lessons from Our Students

Students reflecting on their time as students in a school of information provide advice and commentary for their faculty. By revealing their challenges as well as their successes, educators can the...
Historical development of glass and ceramic waste forms for high level radioactive wastes

Abstract: The initial development of borosilicate, aluminosilicate, phosphate and ceramic glass formulations for the solidification of HLW took place in the US, Canada, Europe and the USSR over the course of the 1950s and 1960s. Borosilicate glass formulations were first investigated in the US between 1956 and 1957 by Goldman and colleagues at the Massachusets Institute of Technology (MIT). However, the main bulk of research into the vitrification process was conducted in the UK and Europe in the 1960s. Between 1952 and 1962, Canadian scientists began developing aluminosilicate glass formulations at the Chalk River Nuclear Laboratories (CRNL), and in 1967, Tuthill and others launched research into phosphate waste glasses at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL). This chapter describes the research and development process, the advantages and disadvantages of each method, and their various applications.
Atomic scale design and three-dimensional simulation of ionic diffusive nanofluidic channels

Recent advance in nanotechnology has led to rapid advances in nanofluidics, which has been established as a reliable means for a wide variety of applications, including molecular separation, detection, crystallization and biosynthesis. Although atomic and molecular level consideration is a key ingredient in experimental design and fabrication of nanofluidic systems, atomic and molecular modeling of nanofluidics is rare and most simulations at nanoscale are restricted to one or two dimensions in the literature, to our best knowledge. The present work introduces atomic scale design and three-dimensional (3D) simulation of ionic diffusive nanofluidic systems. We propose a variational multiscale framework to represent the nanochannel in discrete atomic and/or molecular detail while describing the ionic solute by continuum. Apart from the major electrostatic and entropic effects, the non-electrostatic interactions between the channel and solution, and among solvent molecules are accounted in our modeling. We derive generalized Poisson–Nernst–Planck equations for nanofluidic systems. Mathematical algorithms, such as Dirichlet-to-Neumann mapping and the matched interface and boundary methods, are developed to rigorously solve the aforementioned equations to the second-order accuracy in 3D realistic settings. Three ionic diffusive nanofluidic systems, including a negatively charged nanochannel, a bipolar nanochannel and a double-well nanochannel, are designed to investigate the impact of atomic charges to channel current, density distribution and electrostatic potential. Numerical findings, such as gating, ion depletion and inversion, are in good agreements with those from experimental measurements and numerical simulations in the literature.
Destructive Leaders and Dysfunctional Organizations: The outer limits of toxic organizational behavior: corporate trauma in the form of disturbed leadership

Some leaders go far beyond the abnormal ways of functioning … They go off the deep end. (Kets de Vries, 1995, p. 217) THE OUTER LIMITS OF TOXIC LEADERSHIP This chapter discusses an unusual case. The consultation with Elija Engineering Ltd. morphed into leadership coaching and psychotherapy with the exalted leader of the Research and Development Division, Josh Julia. Under Julia the Elija Engineering company prospered as it expanded its reach into European and Asian markets. Julia's rising star gradually began to falter. Numerous reports came in respectfully inquiring as to the baffling, odd behavior of their leader and as to why he was increasingly absent and managing from a distance via his cell phone and email. Patience gradually gave way to impatience as world-class Japanese clients would not accept any substitute for their beloved Julia and Elija Engineers become increasingly dysfunctional and began to drift without his presence. As will be revealed, the enigma of Julia escalated to the point of my appearance as the external expert. The findings were totally unexpected and represented a first in my consulting work. The fate of Elija Engineering was in the hands of their wildly successful chief R&D engineer. The company CEO was in dire straits during our first meeting. Perhaps shell-shocked is the appropriate phrase to describe how he and many of the engineers felt about the “Julia situation.” Was there any rhyme or reason behind Julia's incredibly strange and troublesome behavior?
A New Species of Thysanaspis Ferris (Hemiptera: Diaspididae: Leucaspidini) from Florida Mangroves

A new species of armored scale insect, Thysanaspis dennorum Normark and Okusu, is described from mangroves (Avicennia germinans L.) in Florida. A previous Bayesian analysis of 4 loci found that individuals from the type series of this species were closely related to the Japanese species Thysanaspis litseae Takagi, and morphologically the new species fits in the genus Thysanaspis Ferris. This is biogeographically surprising; all other members of the tribe Leucaspidini are native to the Old World and all other members of the genus Thysanaspis are native to East Asia.
Adolescent Obesity: Diet Quality, Psychosocial Health, and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors.

Obesity is a multifaceted chronic condition with several contributing causes, including biological risk factors, socioeconomic status, health literacy, and numerous environmental influences. Of particular concern are the increasing rates of obesity in children and adolescents, as rates of obesity in youth in the United States have tripled within the last three decades. Youth from historically disadvantaged backgrounds tend to have higher rates of obesity compared to other groups. Adolescents often do not meet intake recommendations for certain food groups and nutrients, which may contribute to a heightened risk of obesity. With obesity disproportionately affecting adolescents (ages 12–19 years), negative effects of excess adiposity may be particularly salient during this critical period of development. The presentation of chronic cardiometabolic disease symptoms typically observed in adults, such as hypertension, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and inflammation, are becoming increasingly common in adolescents with obesity. Additionally, there is dynamic interplay between obesity and psychosocial health, as adolescents with obesity may have increased levels of stress, depressive symptoms, and reduced resilience. To reduce and prevent adolescent obesity, the implementation of theory-driven multicomponent school- and community-based interventions have been suggested. These interventions promote knowledge and self-efficacy for healthful practices that have the potential to progress to sustained behavior change.
Leveraging Social Capital to Broaden Participation in STEM

Broadening participation in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) is critical to the nation’s economic growth and national security. In K–12 and higher education, researchers and...
Clinical manifestations and treatment of antisynthetase syndrome

Antisynthetase syndrome (ASyS) is an autoimmune disease clinically manifested most often by interstitial lung disease, myositis, and arthritis. Raynaud's syndrome, fever, and rashes are also commonly seen. This syndrome is characterized by the highly specific presence of antibodies against various aminoacyl transfer RNA synthetases, including Jo-1 and others. In this chapter, we provide an overview of ASyS, including pathogenesis, common clinical manifestations, and treatment strategies. We discuss the spectrum of disease seen with specific antisynthetase antibodies and examine the differences in phenotype between patients with different antisynthetase antibodies. We outline common treatment strategies, which should generally target the most severe and life- or organ-threatening disease manifestations. Finally, we discuss short- and long-term prognosis in ASyS.
Prospective Study Assessing the Effect of Local Infiltration of Tranexamic Acid on Facelift Bleeding.

BACKGROUND Rebound bleeding during facelift surgery is a major cause of facelift hematomas. Subcutaneous infiltration of tranexamic acid (TXA) combined with lidocaine and epinephrine was recently retrospectively shown to decrease rebound bleeding. No study has prospectively examined the effect of subcutaneous TXA on intraoperative and postoperative bleeding during facelift surgery. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to prospectively demonstrate that TXA combined with local anesthesia safely reduces the effects of rebound bleeding, reduces operative time, and decreases postoperative drainage. METHODS This was a prospective, single-surgeon, case-control study performed between July 2019 and March 2020. Thirty-nine patients (35 female and 4 male; mean age, 64.9 years; age range, 49-80 years) underwent facelift surgery alone or in combination with facial rejuvenation procedures. All patients were injected subcutaneously with 1 or 2 mg/mL TXA + 0.5% lidocaine/1:200,000 epinephrine. Patient demographics, TXA dose, time to hemostasis, drain output, and minor and major complications were recorded. RESULTS The mean time to hemostasis was 6.4 minutes for the left and right sides each. Average postoperative day (POD) 0 drain outputs were 13.9 mL (left) and 10.1 mL (right). Average POD 1 drain outputs were 15.1 mL (left) and 15.6 mL (right). Drains were removed from all patients on POD 1 or 2. There were 2 minor complications (flap necrosis plus infection, marginal mandibular neuropraxia) and no major complications. CONCLUSIONS TXA safely and effectively decreased bleeding, operating room time, and drain output compared with traditional local anesthetic techniques. Our future goal is to determine if epinephrine can be completely removed from the local anesthetic and replaced with TXA for facelift surgery. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 2
Psychosexual Functioning of Female Childhood Cancer Survivors: A Report From the St. Jude Lifetime Cohort Study.

Abstract Introduction There is a growing population of childhood cancer survivors at risk for adverse outcomes, including sexual dysfunction. Aim To estimate the prevalence of and risk factors for sexual dysfunction among adult female survivors of childhood cancer and evaluate associations between dysfunction and psychological symptoms/quality of life (QOL). Methods Female survivors (N = 936, mean 7.8 ± 5.6 years at diagnosis; 31 ± 7.8 years at evaluation) and noncancer controls (N = 122) participating in the St. Jude Lifetime Cohort Study completed clinical evaluations, Sexual Functioning Questionnaires (SFQ), and Medical Outcomes Survey Short Forms 36 (SF-36). Linear models compared SFQ scores between sexually active survivors (N = 712) and controls; survivors with scores Outcomes Sexual dysfunction was defined by scores Results Sexual dysfunction was prevalent among 19.9% (95% CI 17.1, 23.1) of survivors. Those diagnosed with germ cell tumors (OR = 8.82, 95% CI 3.17, 24.50), renal tumors (OR = 4.49, 95% CI 1.89, 10.67), or leukemia (OR = 3.09, 95% CI 1.50, 6.38) were at greater risk compared to controls. Age at follow-up (45–54 vs 18–24 years; OR = 5.72, 95% CI 1.87, 17.49), pelvic surgery (OR = 2.03, 95% CI 1.18, 3.50), and depression (OR = 1.96, 95% CI 1.10, 3.51) were associated with sexual dysfunction. Hypogonadism receiving hormone replacement (vs nonmenopausal/nonhypogonadal; OR = 3.31, 95% CI 1.53, 7.15) represented an additional risk factor in the physical problems (eg, vaginal pain and dryness) subscale. Survivors with sexual dysfunction, compared to those without sexual dysfunction, were more likely to score Clinical Implications Health care providers should be aware of the increased risk of sexual dysfunction in this growing population, inquire about symptomology, and refer for appropriate intervention. Strengths & Limitations Strengths of this study include the use of a validated tool for evaluating sexual function in a large population of clinically assessed female childhood cancer survivors. Limitations include potential for selection bias, and lack of clinically confirmed dysfunction. Conclusion Sexual dysfunction is prevalent among female childhood cancer survivors and few survivors receive intervention; further research is needed to determine if those with sexual dysfunction would benefit from targeted interventions. Bjornard KL, Howell CR, Klosky JL, et al. Psychosexual Functioning of Female Childhood Cancer Survivors: A Report From the St. Jude Lifetime Cohort Study. J Sex Med 2020;17:1981–1994.
Emergence of Canonical Functional Networks from the Structural Connectome

How do functional brain networks emerge from the underlying wiring of the brain? We examine how resting-state functional activation patterns emerge from the underlying connectivity and length of white matter fibers that constitute its "structural connectome". By introducing realistic signal transmission delays along fiber projections, we obtain a complex-valued graph Laplacian matrix that depends on two parameters: coupling strength and oscillation frequency. This complex Laplacian admits a complex-valued eigen-basis in the frequency domain that is highly tunable and capable of reproducing the spatial patterns of canonical functional networks without requiring any detailed neural activity modeling. Specific canonical functional networks can be predicted using linear superposition of small subsets of complex eigenmodes. Using a novel parameter inference procedure we show that the complex Laplacian outperforms the real-valued Laplacian in predicting functional networks. The complex Laplacian eigenmodes therefore constitute a tunable yet parsimonious substrate on which a rich repertoire of realistic functional patterns can emerge. Although brain activity is governed by highly complex nonlinear processes and dense connections, our work suggests that simple extensions of linear models to the complex domain effectively approximate rich macroscopic spatial patterns observable on BOLD fMRI.
CL-Gym: Full-Featured PyTorch Library for Continual Learning

Continual learning (CL) has become one of the most active research venues within the artificial intelligence community in recent years. Given the significant amount of attention paid to continual learning, the need for a library that facilitates both research and development in this field is more visible than ever. However, CL algorithms’ codes are currently scattered over isolated repositories written with different frameworks, making it difficult for researchers and practitioners to work with various CL algorithms and benchmarks using the same interface. In this paper, we introduce CL-Gym, a full-featured continual learning library that overcomes this challenge and accelerates the research and development. In addition to the necessary infrastructure for running end-to-end continual learning experiments, CL-Gym includes benchmarks for various CL scenarios and several state-of-the-art CL algorithms. In this paper, we present the architecture, design philosophies, and technical details behind CL-Gym 1.
Ribosomal DNA in Maize

The nucleolus organizer region (NOR) of maize chromosome 6 is now known to be the location of the 17/5.8/26S rDNA (hereafter termed 17/26S rDNA); this molecular information extends the NOR function to one of synthesizer as well as organizer. The extensive variation in ribosomal DNA (rDNA) multiplicity and the finding that much of the rDNA is in the NOR-heterochromatin and probably highly methylated raises questions as to the role of such high rDNA multiplicities in maize development. Deficiencies for parts of the NOR that include up to 98–99% of the rDNA are transmissible through ovules. The 5S rDNA is located in chromosome 2, it is apparently less variable in repeat number, and its multiplicity is not correlated with that of the 17/26S rDNA. The 17/26S and 5S sequences are highly conserved in maize, but sequence variations such as base substitutions, deletions, and methylations occur. Methylation patterns change during development. The relationship of 17/26S rDNA multiplicity with RNA concentration is not straightforward.
Concurrency Control for Approximate Query Processing of Real-Time Database Systems

Real-time database systems [2, 8] can have timing constraints in the form of deadlines for the processing of database transactions. It is not always possible for real-time database systems to meet deadlines. A network partition or a host failure can cause some needed data to become inaccessible. Similarly, database transactions in a real-time system can share data, and while con-currency control is needed to ensure data integrity, concurrency control can cause transactions to miss their deadlines. For many real-time systems, such as computer integrated manufacturing, air traffic control systems and reservoir operation control, producing an approximate answer to a database query by a deadline is more useful than waiting for an exact answer and missing the deadline. Approximate query processing [14, 16] satisfies the timing constraints of real-time databases by providing approximate answers, instead of missing deadlines.
Differential agar medium for separating Streptococcus lactis and Streptococcus cremoris.

The characteristic ability of Streptococcus lactis and inability of Streptococcus cremoris to hydrolyze arginine formed the basis for the development of a differential agar medium to separate these species in pure and mixed cultures. Ammonia liberated from arginine was detected by the pH changes occurring in the medium. The agar contained milk as the sole source of carbohydrate, arginine as the specific substrate, diffusible (K2HPO4) and nondiffusible (CaCO3) buffer systems, and a suitable pH indicator in addition to other ingredients. The nondiffusible buffer system afforded the localization of pH changes, and, hence, the indicator color changes immediately around individual colonies appearing on the medium. S. cremoris produced yellow colonies surrounded by yellow zones on this purple medium because of their ability to produce acid from lactose in the milk. S. lactis, on the other hand, first produced colonies similar to S. cremoris, but subsequent color reversal of pH indicator with the liberation of NH3 resulted in the discharge of the yellow color. Hence, S. lactis colonies were white and devoid of zones. The difference in their colony color allowed the identification of the species in a mixture of S. cremoris and S. lactis strains. The medium was found suitable for both qualitative and quantitative differentiation.
Subtle direct effects of rising atmospheric CO2 on insect eggs

Ocean acidification is an important consequence of rising levels of atmospheric CO2. The chemistry of acidification is, however, general and may disturb pH in terrestrial systems. The present study examines the effects of rising CO2 on insect eggs, which may be vulnerable to acidification because they are small, have (at least initially) poorly developed physiological systems, and support important developmental events. Newly-laid eggs of the moth Manduca sexta are exposed to levels of CO2 between 0 and 2200 p.p.m., in air, and effects on yolk pH, total developmental time, and survival are measured. Altered CO2 has no effect, over several hours, on the pH of egg yolk, suggesting that yolk fluids are well buffered. By contrast, there is a large developmental change in yolk pH. Eggs exposed to eight different levels of CO2 for the duration of development show a small but significant parabolic response in development time. Eggs develop fastest at intermediate levels of CO2, between 400 and 1200 p.p.m., and slower at 0, 1600 and 2000 p.p.m. These results suggest that future rises in CO2 may not have strong direct effects on insect development.
A NEW SUCTION TUBE FOR DIAGNOSIS OF OBSCURE GASTROINTESTINAL BLEEDING.

Summary An inexpensive, easily constructed variation of the Crosby, Crosby, and Kugler tube is described which can deliver minute amounts of fluid from anywhere in the alimentary tract. The point of bleeding may be recognized by visual examination of the aspirate or by serial analysis of fluid radioactivity in patients whose erythrocytes are tagged with Cr 51 . This can be correlated with corresponding radiographs for accurate localization.
MMSE space-domain interference suppression for multi-rate DS-CDMA

We consider space-domain interference suppression for reverse-link IS-95 and wideband DS-CDMA (W-CDMA) based on the minimum mean square error (MMSE) cost criterion. An adaptive algorithm for estimating the MMSE combining coefficients for each path is presented which is compatible with IS-95 orthogonal modulation and long spreading codes. The relative performance of noncoherent, maximal ratio (max-ratio), and MMSE combining are compared with mixed (high and low) data rates, where received power is proportional to data rate. Our results show that MMSE combining can offer a significant increase in capacity relative to max-ratio combining. Analytical performance results for W-CDMA based on a large system limit are also presented, and are shown to be accurate even with relatively few combining coefficients.
Network modulation (NeMo)-aided OFDM incremental relay systems

In this paper, we propose the new incremental relaying scheme using network modulation (NeMo) concept in OFDM-based systems. We first introduce how to integrate NeMo to OFDM incremental relay and show how both cooperative diversity and frequency diversity can be achieved on incremental relaying schemes. From the simulation results, it is confirmed that NeMo enables OFDM incremental relay to enjoy the frequency-selective diversity from grouping and subcarrier interleaving and to partially obtain the cooperative diversity gain for all the symbols, which is different from the conventional incremental relaying method. By increasing the NeMo modulator size, it is shown that the diversity gain is also increased causing the performance improvement in term of bit error rate.
Rapid Solidification of Sm-Co Permanent Magnets

In this article, we report the microstructural evolution of rapidly solidified Sm-Co alloys from 4 to 16 at. pct Sm. We have observed a wide variety of phase formation and microstructures, ranging from primary Co dendrite formation to eutectic structures to the formation of the metastable SmCo7 compound. In particular, we observed nonequilibrium formation of Co along with SmCo7, whose presence caused a decrease in coercivity from ∼10 kOe to 500 Oe. Alloying elements reduced the scale of the microstructure, effectively offsetting the detrimental effects of the Co phase formation and leading to a recovery of the coercivity. The eutectic structure with Co rods surrounded by SmCo7 provides a natural path to nanoscale hard/soft magnetic nanocomposites, where control of scale and phase content is critical.
Ethnography and Fiction: Where Is the Border?

This article seeks to identify writing practices that indicate the presence of a border between ethnography and fiction. I trace a short history of anthropologists writing fiction and draw on a short extract from a novel I am writing that was inspired byfieldwork. Writing ethnographic texts and writing fiction, I argue, involves different perspectives on (1) the disclosure of process, (2) generalization, (3) representations of subjectivity, and (4) accountability. Such orienting landmarks indicate the presence of a border, but it is a border neither impermeable nor fixed. To acknowledge this border is also to allow for mindful border crossings that may potentially enrich both ethnography and fiction.
Impact of tip culture on the management of infected tunneled hemodialysis catheters.

Purpose It is common practice to perform culture of the tip of a catheter when a previously indwelling vascular catheter is removed for presumed infection. This study was conducted to determine the effect of hemodialysis catheter tip cultures (CTCs) on patient management. Materials and Methods Patients whose tunneled hemodialysis catheter (TDC) was removed for infection and who had a CTC between July 2001 and June 2006 were identified. The study sample included 242 patients with 330 catheters (109 men, 133 women). Patients' mean age was 58 years (range, 22–94 y). Catheter tip and blood culture (BC) results obtained during the event leading to catheter removal were recorded. Antimicrobial therapy before and after cultures was recorded. Medical records were reviewed for any indication that the treatment plan was influenced by tip culture results. Results Of 330 catheters, 134 had positive CTC findings; of these, complete records were available for 52 catheters. The treatment plan for patients with suspected catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI) leading to TDC removal did not change in response to semiquantitative CTC results (51 of 52 patients; 98%). In a single case in which CTC results impacted management, this was because of a delay in processing BCs. Negative CTC findings ( n = 108) never changed management (ie, resulted in cessation of antibiotic therapy). Seventy-three percent of patients ( n = 38) received empiric antibiotics before any culture results. In these cases, the BC susceptibility profiles confirmed the appropriateness of the initial treatment ( n = 10) or led to a change ( n = 28). Conclusions CTC did not alter management in the treatment of TDC infection. Because CTCs increase costs, their routine use should be abandoned in this population.
Preparation of an Aquocobaloxime 1,3-Dienyl Complex and Its Diels-Alder Reactions in Water and Organic Solvents

Cobaloxime complex [(H 2 O)(dimethylglyoxime) 2 Co(I)] (generated in situ) reacts with an allenic electrophile to produce 1,3-butadien-2-yl(H 2 O)bis(dimethylglyoximato)cobalt(III). This dienyl complex (which has also been characterized by X-ray crystallography) reacts with a number of dienophiles in both water and organic solvents.
Radar observations of mesoscale circulations induced by a small lake under varying synoptic‐scale flows

[1] This paper examines Doppler radar observations of springtime lake breeze (LB) circulations produced by a small reservoir (mean width of ∼2 km), Wheeler Lake, on the Tennessee River in northern Alabama. The analysis allows for the formation of a general understanding of the flow structures as a composite of many LB circulation events. It is found that LB circulation, once formed, is robust and persistent over a range of background or synoptic-scale wind flows despite the small size of Wheeler Lake and the relatively small differences between land and lake temperature (often a few degrees Celsius) that drive the LB circulation. The formation, location, strength, and inland penetration of the Wheeler Lake breeze are highly sensitive to the background wind speed and direction with respect to the lakeshore, resulting in complex spatial and temporal variations in the LB characteristics. The LB front is most prominent as a radar fine line when the ambient flow is offshore (opposing the LB background wind) and perpendicular to the orientation (120°–300°) of the lake. For wind speeds <4–5 m s−1, a radar-detectable thin line delineating the LB front appears primarily on the upwind side of the lake, either to the north or south, while synoptic-scale winds stronger than ∼5 m s−1 tend to destroy the breeze front entirely. If the background wind is parallel to lake orientation and the wind is ≤4 m s−1, the LB circulations often develop on both sides of the lake. The radar fine line often appears patchy and broad for low-wind conditions near 2 m s−1. Overall, the findings of this study show that small lakes can generate persistent local circulations that follow similar patterns of behavior and respond to the synoptic flow as large lakes or sea breezes.
Maximum It for Absolute Identification of Cutaneous Electrical Intensity Level

(1960). Maximum It for Absolute Identification of Cutaneous Electrical Intensity Level. The Journal of Psychology: Vol. 49, No. 2, pp. 279-288.
self awareness in the mobility open architecture simulation and tools framework

A Multi-Agent System's (MAS) overall performance is tightly coupled to the system's ability to schedule, monitor, and coordinate activities. These activities must maximize each individual agent"s utility to the group while minimizing the duration of the overall mission. The efficient acquisition and conveying of knowledge is critical to these activities. This paper describes the integration of meta-level knowledge and techniques for knowledge acquisition and conveyance in the Mobility Open Architecture Simulation and Tools (MOAST) framework. These knowledge systems enhance the simulation environment and provide the ability to develop, test, and analyze agents.
One-pot synthesis, purification, and formulation of bionanoparticle-CpG oligodeoxynucleotide hepatitis B surface antigen conjugate vaccine via tangential flow filtration.

The synthesis and characterization of a Hepatitis B virus vaccine (HBsIC−ISS) candidate composed of Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) bionanoparticles conjugated to multiple copies of immunostimulatory sequence oligodeoxynucleotides is presented. An efficient tangential flow filtration (TFF) method has been developed to purify the conjugated bionanoparticles from the excess conjugation reagents. The TFF technique presented can serve as a rapid and convenient alternative to current methods like ultracentrifugation for the separation of excess small molecule/polymeric conjugation reagents from chemically modified viruses and other viruslike particles.
Medial wall blow out fractures in children

Abstract Background Fractures of the facial skeleton in children are relatively uncommon in comparison with adults. Within the orbital region fractures are recognised to be rare due the timing of development of the maxillary and frontal sinuses which are not fully developed until 12 years of age. We have recently seen several cases of medial wall fractures in children, which according to the existing literature should be exceptional. This prompted a review of the unit database to clarify the incidence and identify common aetiological factors for these injuries. Method Retrospective case note review using the ACFU database. Results Six cases were identified with a most cases occurring in males. The aetiology was found to be variable in each case with no identifiable pattern and the subsequent management reviewed. Conclusion These six cases highlight that this pattern of fracture can occur more commonly than the existing literature suggests and this should be remembered by those who treat facial trauma in children.
Deeper integration and productivity: The Swedish food and beverage industry

Abstract This paper investigates productivity developments in the Swedish food and beverage sector during a period characterized by deeper integration with the EU. Detailed firm level data is used to estimate firm-level TFP, which is aggregated to a sector level and thereafter decomposed into two components. One measures the unweighted productivity average while the other reveals the effect of different developments of heterogeneous firms on aggregated TFP. The expected productivity growth does not reveal itself on a sector level. However, a finer division of the food and beverage sector reveals productivity growth in five out of ten sub-industries, and an improved resource allocation among firms within sub-industries explains most of the productivity growth. Growing industries are relatively successful on the international market, while sub-industries lacking growth are characterized by weak capital utilization.
Chromatographic studies of the lipid components of Vibrio fetus.

Abstract Two different strains of Vibrio fetus , Strain I-17 and Strain V-2673, were grown on solid and liquid media. Both the vibrio- (curved bacillus) and coccoid-type cells of Strain I-17 were studied. The lipid components of both strains in the vibrio form were closely related whereas differences between the lipid components of the vibrio- and coccoid-type cells were observed. A large proportion of the lipids in the vibrio form (32%) and the coccoid form (60%) consisted of neutral lipids, predominantly free fatty acids and glycerides. The major phosphatides in all samples were identified as phosphatidyl ethanolamine, phosphatidyl glycerol and phosphatidyl inositol. A small amount of phosphatidyl serine was detected only in the vibrio cells while phosphatidic acid was found only in the coccoid-type cell. Digalactosyl diglyceride was identified in both vibrio- and coccoid-type cells. The major fatty acids in all samples were C 14:0 , C 16:0 , C 16:1 and C 18:1 . A substantial amount of C 19 -cyclopropane acid was found only in Strain I-17 cells.
Weak scale baryogenesis

We discuss a simple model for baryogenesis during the weak phase transition, which uses the anomalous baryon violation in the weak interactions. A departure from thermal equilibrium is provided if the transition is first order, and CP violation occurs in the neutrino couplings. Generating a sufficiently large baryon number requires that the τ neutrino is heavier than an MeV, or there must be a fourth family with all members heavier than 45 GeV.
Numerical Synthesis of Six-Bar Linkages for Mechanical Computation

Author(s): Plecnik, MM; McCarthy, JM | Abstract: This paper presents a design procedure for six-bar linkages that use eight accuracy points to approximate a specified input-output function. In the kinematic synthesis of linkages, this is known as the synthesis of a function generator to perform mechanical computation. Our formulation uses isotropic coordinates to define the loop equations of the Watt II, Stephenson II, and Stephenson III six-bar linkages. The result is 22 polynomial equations in 22 unknowns that are solved using the polynomial homotopy software BERTINI. The bilinear structure of the system yields a polynomial degree of 705,432. Our first run of BERTINI generated 92,736 nonsingular solutions, which were used as the basis of a parameter homotopy solution. The algorithm was tested on the design of the Watt II logarithmic function generator patented by Svoboda in 1944. Our algorithm yielded his linkage and 64 others in 129 min of parallel computation on a Mac Pro with 12±2.93 GHz processors. Three additional examples are provided as well.
One-wire technique for performance of balloon aortic valvuloplasty.

Background: We present a new one-wire technique for balloon aortic valvuloplasty and discuss possible advantages of this technique over other techniques. Methods: The records of 16 patients who underwent 18 procedures were reviewed. Technique: A floppy-tipped, nitinol wire (Ultra-Select, Microvena Corp., White Bear Lake, MN) is placed across the aortic valve through a guide/measurement catheter positioned in the aortic root. The guide catheter is then removed, and the balloon catheter is positioned. Balloon dilation is then performed. Results: Predilation all patients had 0–1+ aortic insufficiency (AI). Four of 18 procedures resulted in an increase of >1 grade of AI, leaving 14 of 18 with ≤1 grade increase in AI. The mean gradient reduction achieved was 65%. Follow-up: Eighty-seven percent of the procedures have required no further intervention. Conclusion: The ease and simplicity of the procedure may reduce the risk of increasing AI, decrease fluoroscopy time, and arterial access time. (J Interven Cardiol 2004;17:17–19)
Modeling Tropical Precipitation in a Single Column

Abstract A modified formulation of the traditional single column model for representing a limited area near the equator is proposed. This formulation can also be considered a two-column model in the limit as the area represented by one of the columns becomes very large compared to the other. Only a single column is explicitly modeled, but its free tropospheric temperature, rather than its mean vertical velocity, is prescribed. This allows the precipitation and vertical velocity to be true prognostic variables, as in prior analytical theories of tropical precipitation. Two models developed by other authors are modified according to the proposed formulation. The first is the intermediate atmospheric model of J. D. Neelin and N. Zeng, but with the horizontal connections between columns broken, rendering it a set of disconnected column models. The second is the column model of N. O. Renno, K. A. Emanuel, and P. H. Stone. In the first model, the set of disconnected column models is run with a fixed temperature...
Total collision cross sections of argon with light gases by crossed molecular beams

Abstract Total cross sections have been measured for argon with light gases by crossed molecular beams. The results are compared with the available experimental work and various theoretical values. The results indicate agreement with the calculations of Kingston and Bernstein.
Chemical burns secondary to elemental metal exposure: Two case reports

Elemental metal may react when exposed to water or moist air, producing both chemical and thermal burns. Two cases are reviewed: one involving the outpatient treatment of burns secondary to an elemental sodium exposure, and one involving the inpatient treatment of burns secondary to an elemental potassium exposure. Water is contraindicated in the initial management of such exposures. The wound should be covered with oil until removal of any unreacted metal is completed. Burns may then be regarded similarly to alkali exposures.
Arthroscopic management of loose bodies of the elbow

Abstract Advances in equipment and surgical techniques in the past several years have made elbow arthroscopy aneffective and safe alternative in the management of a variety of elbow disorders. The initial indication for the excision of loose bodies remains a common indication for arthroscopy of the elbow. A thorough knowledge of neurovascular anatomy in the elbow is required to safely perform this procedure. Proper portal placement minimizes the risks to the neurovascular structures of the elbow. Indications for arthroscopic surgery include loose bodies, arthritis, osteochondritis dissecans, lateral epicondylitis, instability, and fractures. This article presents the indications and techniques of the management of loose body removal via the arthroscope, including technical tips to avoid complications and to facilitate the surgical procedure with minimal risks.
"Normal" tunneling and "normal" transport: Diagnostics for the resonating-valence-bond state.

The "normal" transport properties of the high-${T}_{c}$ superconductors, especially tunneling and anisotropic resistivity, are extraordinarily anomalous. We show that these properties can be explained, perhaps uniquely, by a two-dimensional resonating-valence-bond state.
Dualband spectral‐spatial RF pulses for prostate MR spectroscopic imaging

Although MR spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) of the prostate has demonstrated clinical utility for the staging and monitoring of cancer extent, current acquisition methods are often inadequate in several aspects. Conventional 180 degrees pulses can suffer from chemical shift misregistration, and have high peak-power requirements that can exceed hardware limits in many prostate MRSI studies. Optimal water and lipid suppression are also critical to obtain interpretable spectra. While complete suppression of the periprostatic lipid resonance is desired, controlled partial suppression of water can provide a valuable phase and frequency reference for data analysis and an assessment of experimental success in cases in which all other resonances are undetectable following treatment. In this study, new spectral-spatial RF pulses were developed to negate chemical shift misregistration errors and to provide dualband excitation with partial excitation of the water resonance and full excitation of the metabolites of interest. Optimal phase modulation was also included in the pulse design to provide 40% reduction in peak RF power. Patient studies using the new pulses demonstrated both feasibility and clear benefits in the reliability and applicability of prostate cancer MRSI.
Experimental Observations on Optokinetic Nystagmus in Respect of the Statocysts in the Crab

For the investigation of the effect of the otolith system on optokinetic nystagmus, the crab was examined using an optical cylinder. The results obtained were as follows: (1) Optokinetic nystagmus always occurred with the stimulation of the optical cylinder. (2) In crabs of which statocysts were removed, the nystagmus was depressed. (3) The nystagmus was not depressed by forward position but depressed by backward position. (4) The nystagmus directed to the right side was depressed by right lateral position but not depressed by left lateral position. Similar findings were observed in cases of nystagmus directed to the left side. Analyzation of the results indicated that the otolith system has a certain effect on optokinetic nystagmus.
Influence of diet on pre-ingestive particle processing in bivalves: II. Residence time in the pallial cavity and handling time on the labial palps

Abstract Previous studies have demonstrated that bivalve molluscs respond to changing food conditions through processes such as preferential selection and ingestion of particulate matter. Little is known, however, about the underlying mechanisms accountable for these responses. To further explain feeding processes at the level of the pallial organs, we determined pallial cavity residence times, or the amount of time it took particles to travel from the inhalant aperture to the stomach, in two species of bivalves, Crassostrea virginica and Mytilus edulis, under conditions of differing particle quality, particle concentration, and temperature. From these residence times, particle-handling times on the labial palps were determined. Diets of three different qualities were tested, including Rhodomonas lens cells, particles prepared from ground Spartina sp. detritus, and a 50/50 mixture of both. Bivalves were delivered one of the three diets along with 10-μm fluorescent polystyrene beads (tracer), removed from feeding chambers at intervals from 30 s up to 20 min, and placed in liquid nitrogen to halt particle transport. Digestive systems of bivalves were then dissected and examined for the presence of tracer beads. Particle-residence times in the pallial cavity and handling times on the labial palps of C. virginica were significantly affected by changes in diet type. Particle-handling times on the palps decreased with increasing diet quality and ranged from 2.2 min (100% R. lens) to 22.8 min (100% ground Spartina sp.), accounting for 88% and 99%, respectively, of the total time particles spent in the pallial cavity. In contrast, diet quality had little effect on particle-residence times in the pallial cavity of M. edulis. However, residence times were affected by temperature and diet concentration. Temperature significantly affected residence times at particle concentrations of both 20 and 100 particles μl−1, whereas particle concentration affected residence times at 20 °C, but not at 5 °C. Particle-handling times on the labial palps ranged from less than 1 to 5.5 min, depending on temperature and concentration, accounting for 50% to 82%, respectively, of the total time particles spent in the pallial cavity. We suggest that (1) observed interspecific differences in particle handling on the labial palps may be due to differences in palp morphology and function, and (2) particle sorting and selection on the labial palps is a rate-limiting step of pre-ingestive feeding processes in by bivalves.