cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Taxonomic Revision of the Alectra sessiliflora Complex (Orobanchaceae)

Alectra sessiliflora (Orobanchaceae) is the most widespread species within the genus, occurring throughout sub-Saharan Africa, and into India, China and the Philippines. Three varieties are currently recognized (A. sessiliflora var. monticola, A. sessiliflora var. senegalensis, and A. sessiliflora var. sessiliflora) and are distinguished by geographic range, calyx pubescence and stamen filament pubescence. Due to the overlapping nature of the characters used to distinguish among these varieties, accurate assignment of a specimen to a single variety is nearly impossible. We undertook a phenetic study of morphological characters to assess the validity of these varieties. Principal coordinate analysis and the unweighted pair-group method using arithmetic averages were used to explore whether specimens would cluster into the currently recognized varieties. Our analyses revealed no clustering based exclusively on geographic distribution. A small cluster of seven specimens was seen in the principal coordinate analysis using Gower's coefficient of similarity as input values, but this cluster was not diagnosable by unique characters. Based on these results we recommend that Alectra sessiliflora be recognized without infraspecific taxa. Finally, additional names are included as synonyms under Alectra sessiliflora based on extensive study of field-collected and herbarium specimens.
the argument of images: historical representation in Solidarity underground postage, 1981–87

This article analyzes the symbolism of unofficial postage stamps minted by underground Solidarity cells in Poland under martial law. These stamps present a view of the history of Poland that is based in a sacrificial religious tradition, and they place Solidarity alongside other uprisings in that tradition. This historical representation not only counters the official history propounded by the Communist government but also portrays Solidarity as a unified mass movement in possession of the truth about Poland. In the 1980s, truth, and especially truth in language, became an important basis for political discourse and opposition in Poland. The claim to truth was significant in Solidarity's claim to authority. [Poland, Solidarity, representation, linguistic alienation, historical consciousness]
Warfarin versus aspirin for prevention of stroke in heart failure: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials.

Background There is clinical equipoise between warfarin and aspirin for stroke prevention in patients with heart failure in sinus rhythm (SR). The objective of this meta-analysis was to pool risk estimates for stroke, mortality, and intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) from published clinical randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Methods MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and clinicaltrials.gov were searched for English-language RCTs comparing warfarin to aspirin in heart failure through May 2012. Pooled relative risk (RR) was calculated from a random-effects model. Results Four RCTs (n = 3681) met the criteria for study inclusion. Warfarin was associated with a lower risk of stroke compared with aspirin (pooled RR, .59; 95% confidence interval [CI], .41-.85; P = .004). The number needed to treat (NNT) was 61. There was no difference between warfarin and aspirin in mortality (pooled RR, 1; 95% CI, .88-1.13), and ICH (pooled RR, 2.17; 95% CI, .76-6.24). Among secondary outcomes, warfarin was associated with almost twice the risk of major hemorrhage (pooled RR, 1.95; 95% CI, 1.37-2.76; P = .0001) compared with aspirin. The number needed to harm (NNH) was 34. There was no significant difference between warfarin and aspirin in risk of myocardial infarction (MI) (pooled RR, 1.02; 95% CI, .65-1.6], and heart failure exacerbation (HFE) (pooled RR, 1.11; 95% CI, .76-1.63). Conclusions Compared with aspirin, warfarin reduced the risk of stroke while conferring an increased risk of major hemorrhage. Warfarin does not increase mortality or confer an increased risk of ICH compared with aspirin.
An introduction to evidential reasoning for decision making under uncertainty: Bayesian and belief function perspectives

The main purpose of this article is to introduce the evidential reasoning approach, a research methodology, for decision making under uncertainty. Bayesian framework and Dempster–Shafer theory of belief functions are used to model uncertainties in the decision problem. We first introduce the basics of the DS theory and then discuss the evidential reasoning approach and related concepts. Next, we demonstrate how specific decision models can be developed from the basic evidential diagrams under the two frameworks. It is interesting to note that it is quite efficient to develop Bayesian models of the decision problems using the evidential reasoning approach compared to using the ladder diagram approach as used in the auditing literature. In addition, we compare the decision models developed in this paper with similar models developed in the literature.
How to Construct an Artificial Stomach

Chemical digestion, the decomposition of macromolecules by the action of enzymes, begins in the mouth and stomach but occurs primarily in the small intestine. This exercise shows how to construct a simulated stomach and duodenum using common laboratory equipment and chemicals. The lab clearly demonstrates the effect of a gastric enzyme, pepsin, on proteins while leaving other food substances intact.
Exploring structurally conserved solvent sites in protein families

Protein-bound water molecules are important components of protein structure, and therefore, protein function and energetics. Although structural conservation of solvent has been studied in a few protein families, a lack of suitable computational tools has hindered more comprehensive analyses. Herein we present a semiautomated computational approach for identifying solvent sites that are conserved among proteins sharing a common three-dimensional structure. This method is tested on six protein families: (1) mcnodomain cytochrome c, (2) fatty-acid binding protein, (3) lactate/ malate dehydrogenase, (4) parvalbumin, (5) phospholipase A 2 , and (6) serine protease. For each family, the method successfully identified previously known conserved solvent sites. Moreover, the method discovered 22 novel conserved solvent sites, some of which have higher degrees of conservation than the previously known sites. All six families studied had solvent sites with more than 90% conservation and these sites were invariably located in regions of the protein with very high sequence conservation. These results suggest that highly conserved solvent sites, by virtue of their proximity to conserved residues, should be considered as one of the defining three-dimensional structural characteristics of protein families and folds.
GABA-induced motility of spinal neuroblasts develops along a ventrodorsal gradient and can be mimicked by agonists of GABAA and GABAB receptors.

During embryogenesis, neuroblasts proliferate within germinal zones, then migrate to their final positions. Although many neurons migrate along radial glial fibers, evidence suggests that environmental factors, as yet unidentified, also influence neuroblast movement. In vivo, nerve growth factor (NGF) and -α-aminobutyric acid (GABA) colocalize near target destinations of migratory neuroblasts. In vitro, embryonic spinal neurons migrate towards NGF and GABA (Behar et al.: J Neurosci 14:29-38, 1994), implying that the molecules may act as chemoattractants in vivo. Here, we have used an in vitro assay of migration to show that migratory responses to these attractants develop along a ventrodorsal gradient that parallels terminal mitosis during cord development, and that GABA stimulates chemokinesis (motility without a gradient) via heterogeneous receptors involving separate signalling pathways. Both GABAA (muscimol) and GABAB (baclofen) agonists mimicked the effects of GABA in stimulating chemokinesis. Muscimol-induced motility was only blocked by GABAA antagonists (bicuculline or picrotoxin), whereas migration to baclofen was blocked by antagonists of both GABAA and GABAB (2-hydroxysaclofen) receptors. Migration to baclofen, but not muscimol, was abolished in the presence of 8-bromo cAMP or pertussis toxin, indicating that the former, but not the latter, attractant may stimulate motility via Gi/Go GTP binding proteins, and that PKA may modulate migratory responses to baclofen. Migration to GABA was partially attenuated by each of the GABA receptor antagonists. These results lead us to conclude that the natural ligand stimulates neuroblast motility via heterogeneous receptors coupled to different signalling mechanisms. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.1
On the hardness of optimal auctions

We study a fundamental problem in microeconomics called optimal auction design: a seller wishes to sell an item to a group of self-interested agents. Each agent i has a privately known valuation v/sub i/ for the object. Given a distribution on these valuations, the goal is to construct an optimal auction, i.e. a truth revealing protocol that maximizes the seller's expected revenue. We study this problem from a computational perspective and show several lower bounds. In particular we prove that no deterministic polynomial time ascending auction can achieve an approximation ratio better than 3/4. The probability distribution constructed in our example has sensitive dependencies among the agents. In contrast, we show that if the dependency between the agents' valuations is bounded, the problem can be approximated with a factor close to 1.
MicroRNAs and Metastasis: Little RNAs Go a Long Way

MicroRNAs (miRNA) are key regulators of many important biological processes from insulin secretion and fat metabolism to cellular proliferation and differentiation. Given the critical role that these small regulatory RNAs play in biology, it is not surprising that the alteration of miRNA expression patterns can have pathogenic consequences. The association between miRNA dysregulation and pathogenesis has been most widely studied in tumorigenesis, and a large number of miRNAs have been identified whose expression levels are changed in various tumor types. Although the role that miRNAs play in the development of metastasis is more poorly defined, recent studies have begun to identify miRNAs that can regulate key steps in the metastatic cascade. This review focuses on two emerging stories, the regulation of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition by members of the miR-200 family, and the pleiotropic nature of the metastasis suppressor miR-31.
Induced Systemic Resistance — An Overview

It is difficult to understand why it has taken so long for the scientific community and agrichemical industry to recognize the hazards to human health and the environment of the increased dependence on pesticides and to acknowledge the potential of induced systemic resistance in plants and appreciate its significance to fundamental science and as a technology for plant disease control. The early reviews by Chester (Chester, 1933) brought together many descriptions of the phenomenon. This was followed by the well documented experiments by Ross and his colleagues (Ross, 1966), primarily with N-gene tobacco and tobacco mosaic virus, and by reports from my group with green bean, pear, apple, potato, cucumber, muskmelon, watermelon and tobacco and a broad spectrum of pathogens including fungi, bacteria and viruses (Kuc, 1982, 1985, 1987, 1993). What became clear from these reports was that susceptible plants had the genetic information for effective disease resistance mechanisms and that these mechanisms could be expressed systemically for extended periods of time by prior restricted inoculation with pathogens, avirulent forms of pathogens, cultivar-nonpathogenic races, microbial components and chemicals which themselves were not antimicrobial (Kuc, 1982, 1985, 1987, 1991–1993). The reports eroded the concept that a gene for resistance caused the production of a compound which directly inhibited development of a pathogen and susceptible plants, lacking such a gene, could not produce the compound. It was evident that defense compounds were common to resistant and induced resistant plants as well as susceptible plants. This does not preclude mechanisms for resistance in noninduced resistant plants which may be in addition to those induced by biotic or abiotic agents.
Gender and Ethnicity in Dating, Hanging Out, and Hooking Up: Sexual Scripts Among Hispanic and White Young Adults

We examined the scripts associated with heterosexual Hispanic and White young adults' most recent initial sexual or romantic encounter using two samples of heterosexual undergraduates: 224 Hispanic students (49% female) and 316 White students (51% female). Scripts were identified for three types of encounters: dating, hanging out, and hooking up. The three scripts had more than half of their actions in common. Items such as get to know one another, feel aroused, and engage in physical contact were present across all scripts for all participant groups. As expected, traditional gender roles were present within all scripts, but more so for dates than for hangouts and hookups. Men reported a higher presence of traditional gender roles than women across scripts and put a higher priority on the goal of physical intimacy across all scripts. Dating was the most prevalent script for all young adults, contradicting contemporary claims that "dating is dead." In terms of ethnicity, a higher proportion of Hispanic than White young adults went on dates, and a higher proportion of White students went on hookups, implying that social and contextual variables are important in understanding young adults' intimate relationships.
Role of Ivabradine in the Treatment of Patients With Cardiovascular Disease

Objective: To review the role of heart rate in myocardial ischemia and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) as well as ivabradine’s pharmacology and pharmacokinetics, clinical trials, and place in therapy. Data Sources: We conducted MEDLINE searches from 1980 to October 2015 using the terms heart failure, HFrEF, angina, f-channel inhibitor, and ivabradine, with forward and backward citation tracking. Study Selection and Data Extraction: English-language trials assessing ivabradine were obtained. Studies and narrative reviews of the topic areas were incorporated if they provided relevant data to inform the practicing clinician. Data Synthesis: In the SIGNIFY (Study Assessing the Morbidity-Mortality Benefits of the If Inhibitor Ivabradine in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease) trial, there was no difference in the primary composite end point of cardiovascular (CV) mortality or nonfatal myocardial infarction with ivabradine use in patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD) versus p...
In-Person Communication Between Radiologists and Acute Care Surgeons Leads to Significant Alterations in Surgical Decision Making.

Abstract Purpose The aim of this study was to determine if direct in-person communication between an acute care surgical team and radiologists alters surgical decision making. Methods Informed consent was waived for this institutional review board-exempt, HIPAA-compliant, prospective quality improvement study. From January 29, 2015 to December 10, 2015, semiweekly rounds lasting approximately 60 min were held between the on-call acute care surgery team (attending surgeon, chief resident, and residents) and one of three expert abdominal radiologists. A comprehensive imaging review was performed of recent and comparison examinations for cases selected by the surgeons in which medical and/or surgical decision making was pending. All reviewed examinations had available finalized reports known to the surgical team. RADPEER interradiologist concordance scores were assigned to all reviewed examinations. The impression and plan of the attending surgeon were recorded before and after each in-person review. Results One hundred patients were reviewed with 11 attending surgeons. The in-person meetings led to changes in surgeons' diagnostic impressions in 43% (43 of 100) and changes in medical and/or surgical planning in 43% (43 of 100; 20 acute changes, 23 nonacute changes, 19 changes in operative management) of cases. There were major discrepancies (RADPEER score ≥3) between the impression of the reviewing radiologist and the written report in 11% of cases (11 of 100). Conclusions Targeted in-person collaboration between radiologists and acute care surgeons is associated with substantial and frequent changes in patient management, even when the original written report contains all necessary data. The primary mechanism seems to be promotion of a shared mental model that facilitates the exchange of complex information.
URINARY MUTAGENS IN MUNICIPAL SEWAGE WORKERS AND WATER TREATMENT WORKERS

In view of the potential exposure of sewage treatment workers to a multitude of mutagenic substances, the frequency of urinary mutagens was measured by the Ames test among a sample of 164 sewage treatment workers employed in 14 sewage treatment plants which processed between 3 and 10 million gallons of sewage daily in New York State between March and July, 1984. The frequency was compared to that observed in 72 water treatment employees in the same municipalities. Sewage workers had a significantly higher risk for urinary mutagens after controlling for smoking, using the Ames test, both with and without the addition of the liver microsomal homogenate, S-9. More precise methods of measuring exposure in epidemiologic studies, particularly in environmental and occupational epidemiology, are in various stages of development. The application of one of these methods, the Ames test, to an occupational group (sewage workers) with potentially high exposure to mutagenic substances is described and the strengths and limitations of this application are discussed.
Stress, Microstructure and Temperature Stability of Reactive Sputter Deposited Ta(N) Thin Films

Interest in tantalum nitride thin films for use as diffusion barriers in Cu-based microelectronic interconnects merits the study of tantalum nitride thin film properties as a function of deposition conditions and elevated temperature exposure. In this investigation, the influence of nitrogen content and post deposition annealing on the stress, microstructure and resistivity of Ta(N) films was analyzed. Ta(N) thin films were deposited by reactive dc magnetron sputtering of a Ta target in Ar/N2 gas mixtures. With an increasing N2 to Ar flow ratio, the as-deposited crystal structure of the films changed from s-Ta to bcc Ta with N in solid solution to TaN0.1 to Ta2N and finally to TaN. The as-deposited Ta(N) stress, grain size and resistivity of the films were found to be strongly dependent on the phase(s) present. Films with less than 20 at. % nitrogen concentration displayed large compressive stress increases during 650°C anneals in flowing N2. Phase transformations to Ta2N occurred after 650°C anneals in films with nitrogen concentrations from ∼ 15 to 25 at. %. Microstructural characterization using transmission electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction, and chemical analysis by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Auger electron spectroscopy of the Ta(N) films were used to identify the as-deposited and transformed phases.
Wave function engineering for efficient extraction of up to nineteen electrons from one CdSe/CdS quasi-type II quantum dot.

Solar-to-fuel conversion devices require not only efficient catalysts to accelerate the reactions, but also light harvesting and charge separation components to absorb multiple photons and to deliver multiple electrons/holes to the catalytic centers. In this paper, we show that the spatial distribution of electron and hole wave functions in CdSe/CdS quasi-type II quantum dots enables simultaneous ultrafast charge separation (0.18 ps to adsorbed Methylviologen), ultraslow charge recombination (0.4 μs), and slow multiple-exciton Auger annihilation (biexciton lifetime 440 ps). Up to nineteen excitons per QD can be generated by absorbing multiple 400 nm photons and all excitons can be dissociated with unity yield by electron transfer to adsorbed methylviologen molecules. Our finding demonstrates that (quasi-) type II nanoheterostructures can be engineered to efficiently dissociate multiple excitons and deliver multiple electrons to acceptors, suggesting their potential applications as light harvesting and cha...
Some anti-inflammatory properties of ascorbic acid.

SummaryAscorbic acid was compared with aspirin and phenylbutazone for inhibitory action against lysosomal β-glucuronidase, UV erythema, carrageenan paw edema, adjuvant arthritis, and peritonitis-polyarthritis. The vitamin was a very effective inhibitor of β-glucuronidase activity and peritonitis-polyarthritis swelling, but a moderately effective inhibitor of adjuvant arthritis swelling. Ascorbic acid was weakly inhibitory in the carrageenan edema, and not inhibitory against UV erythema.
Dark matter annihilation with s-channel internal Higgsstrahlung

Abstract We study the scenario of fermionic dark matter that annihilates to standard model fermions through an s-channel axial vector mediator. We point out that the well-known chirality suppression of the annihilation cross section can be alleviated by s-channel internal Higgsstrahlung. The shapes of the cosmic ray spectra are identical to that of t-channel internal Higgsstrahlung in the limit of a heavy mediating particle. Unlike the general case of t-channel bremsstrahlung, s-channel Higgsstrahlung can be the dominant annihilation process even for Dirac dark matter. Since the s-channel mediator can be a standard model singlet, collider searches for the mediator are easily circumvented.
Analysis of smoking and drinking status and influencing factors among medical students in Nanjing

Objective To study the status and the influencing factors of smoking and drinking among medical students,in order to provide evidence for outlining intervention measures.Methods A total of 577 medical students were selected by the stratified random sampling method and investigated with an anonymous questionnaire.Results The prevalence of smoking was 8.0%,the main influencing factors of smoking were gender(OR=16.966) and alcohol drinking(OR=2.793);The prevalence of drinking was 42.1%,the main influencing factors of drinking were gender(OR=4.443) and smoking(OR=2.793).Conclusion Medical students' smoking rate was lower than the average level of the crowd,drinking behavior was in common,extensive and detailed corresponding measures was needed to improve the health life style.
Light Regulation of Genes for the Large and Small Subunits of Ribulose-Bisphosphate Carboxylase in Tobacco

The genes encoding the two polypeptides of ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase (Rbcase) are located in separate genomes of eukary-otic organisms. The gene for the large subunit (LSU) is found in the chloroplast, while those for the small subunit (SSU) are located in the nucleus. We are interested in the interaction between these two genomes and are studying the expression of the genes for the LSU and SSU of Rbcase as a model system for this interaction.
Parameter Estimation and Curve Fitting

As we have seen in this textbook, constitutive models have many material parameters that must be determined experimentally. These parameters are often found by fitting the model's predicted behavior to the experimentally observed behavior. It is critical that the uncertainty in these material parameters be reported along with the values of the parameters. In this chapter, we introduce the methodology for providing uncertainty estimates for experimental measurements and for parameters obtained from curve fitting. Propagation of Error Experimental measurements suffer from both systematic and random error. For example, measurements from a force transducer used to measure load have systematic and random error due to the physical sensor and the data acquisition system used to acquire data. The error in the force measurements due to the sensor is a combination of systematic uncertainty due to nonlinearity and hysteresis of the sensor and random uncertainties due to thermal-stability error and repeatability error. The error from the data acquisition system is a combination of systematic uncertainty due to nonlinearity and gain error and random uncertainty due to quantization and noise. Often these errors are well documented by the producers of the measurement equipment. However, one must often take experimentally determined values and combine or manipulate them to report calculated quantities. For example, one might report a stress that was computed using a force measurement and measurement of the cross-sectional area of a specimen. In order to compute the error for a computed quantity that is a function of the distance or force measurement, we will need to propagate these errors through the equations used to compute the desired quantities.
Abstract 1981: Regulation of NF-kB signaling pathway by glucocorticoid in breast cancer cells

Steroid hormone signaling through nuclear receptors plays critical roles in every stage of breast cancer development. Although estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) are well studied, due to the high heterogeneity of breast cancer, therapies targeting these nuclear receptors are still not effective enough or generate inconsistent and even controversial results. In this study, we focused on the glucocorticoid (GC)/ glucocorticoid receptor (GR) signaling to investigate how it regulates NFkB activity that leads to differential outcomes in different subtypes of breast cancer. A qRT-PCR array containing a curated NF-kB responsive gene set (84 genes) was utilized in this study to analyze the effect of GC/GR on basal and luminal subtypes of breast cancer cells. It was identified that MDA-MB-231 cells (basal subtype) were more responsive than MCF7 cells (luminal subtype) to GC treatment as the former showed more down- or up-regulated NF-kB target genes. Negative regulation of the NF-kB target genes was more prevalent in both cells, which is consistent with the general rule of trans-repression of NF-kB by GR. However, there were also a number of NF-kB target genes up-regulated by GC in both subtypes of breast cancer cells, suggesting that the trans-activation of NF-kB by GR may also play an important role in breast cancer cell growth and pathological behaviors. Among the differentially expressed genes in both cell types, genes with functions in cell migration and adhesion are highly regulated, such as CXCL1, CCL2, ICAM1, VCAM1, BIRC3 and SNAP25, implying that GC may mainly regulate the invasion and metastasis of breast cancer cells via NF-kB signaling. Biochemical studies identified that GR was activated by GC differently in MDA-MB-231 and MCF7 cells; the interaction between GR and various NF-kB subunits were also different in these cells, thus elucidating part of mechanisms underlying the differential regulation of NF-kB by GC in different subtypes of breast cancer cells. Citation Format: Zenaida Lopez-Dee, Jun Ling. Regulation of NF-kB signaling pathway by glucocorticoid in breast cancer cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 1981. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-1981
Robust Modeling of Continuous 4-D Affective Space from EEG Recording

The inherent intangible nature, complexity, context-specific interpretations of emotions make it difficult to quantify and model affective space. Dimensional theory is one of the effective methods to describe and model emotions. Despite recent advances in affective computing, modeling continuous affective space remains a challenge. Here, we present a computational framework to study the role of functional areas of brain and band frequencies in modeling 4-D continuous affective space (Valence, Arousal, Like and Dominance). In particular, we used Electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings and adopted a recursive feature elimination (RFE) approach to select band frequencies and electrode locations (functional areas) that are most relevant for predicting affective space. Empirical analyses on DEAP dataset [1] reveals that only a small number of locations (7-12) and certain band frequencies carry most discriminative information. Using the selected features, we modeled 4-D affective space using Support Vector Regression (SVR). Regression analysis show that Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) for Valence, Arousal, Dominance, Like are 1.40, 1.23, 1.24 and, 1.24, respectively. Besides SVR, the performance of feature fusion and ensemble classifiers were also compared to determine the robust model against technical noise and individual variations. It was observed that the prediction accuracy of the final model is up to 37% better than human judgment evaluated on same data set. Spillover effect of our approach may include design of task-specific (i.e., emotion, memory capacity) EEG headset with a minimal number of electrodes.
Integrating cancer survivorship care into allogeneic BMT recovery.

39Background: AlloBMT patients are at risk for chronic morbidity and late effects. Prior to 2015, the Stanford BMT program conducted group classes at three months post-transplant to prepare alloBMT patients and their families for the transition to survivorship, but no formal cancer survivorship program existed. Cancer survivorship care is required by the Foundation for the Accreditation of Cellular Therapy (FACT). In order to fill this gap, we developed a standardized pathway to survivorship care for alloBMT survivors. Aim: To implement an initial cancer survivorship care consultation with comprehensive symptom assessment, late effects monitoring, and development of a survivorship care plan (SCP) three to six months after alloBMT. Methods: Standard work was implemented including patient introduction to survivorship by the BMT nurses and Advanced Practice Providers [APP] and during group ‘moving home’ class; responsibility for referral to survivorship; metric tracking, and administration of patient survey....
Cerebral Microhemorrhage: A Frequent Magnetic Resonance Imaging Finding in Pediatric Patients after Cardiopulmonary Bypass.

Objectives: This study was undertaken to estimate the incidence and burden of cerebral microhemorrhage (CM) in patients with heart disease who underwent cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), as detected on susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI), a magnetic resonance (MR) sequence that is highly sensitive to hemorrhagic products. Materials and Methods: With Institutional Review Board waiver of consent, MR imaging (MRI) of a cohort of 86 consecutive pediatric patients with heart failure who underwent heart transplantation evaluation were retrospectively reviewed for CM. A nested case–control study was performed. The CPB group consisted of 23 pediatric patients with heart failure from various cardiac conditions who underwent CPB. The control group was comprised of 13 pediatric patients with similar cardiac conditions, but without CPB history. Ten patients in the CPB group were female (age: 5 days to 16 years at the time of the CPB and 6 days to 17 years at the time of the MRI). The time interval between the CPB and MRI ranged from 11 days to 4 years and 5 months. Six patients in the control group were female, age range of 2 days to 6 years old. The number of CM on SWI was counted by three radiologists (PK, EK and DK). The differences in number of CM between groups were tested for significance using Mann–Whitney U-test, α = 0.05. Using the univariate analysis of variance model, the differences in number of CM between groups were also tested with adjustment for age at MRI. Results: There are statistically significant differences in CM on SWI between the CPB group and control group with more CM were observed in the CPB group without and with adjustment for age at MRI ( P Conclusions: Exposure of CPB is associated with increased prevalence and burden of CM among pediatric patients with heart failure.
Ready to Settle.

A blood gas sample (Fig. 1) was sent to the laboratory from a 64-year-old male patient with stage IV non–small-cell lung cancer and paraneoplastic dermatomyositis. The results for electrolytes, glucose, pH, pCO2, and pO2 were unremarkable, but the instrument could not generate co-oximetry (e.g., oxyhemoglobin) results. Despite extensive mixing before analysis, the erythrocytes …
Perceptions of U.S. dermatology residency program directors regarding the adequacy of phototherapy training during residency.

SummaryBackground/Purpose Phototherapy utilization has declined over the last 20 years despite its efficacy and cost-effectiveness. Adequacy of phototherapy training in residency may be a contributing factor. The purpose of this study was to evaluate perceptions of U.S. dermatology residency program directors (PDs) regarding the effectiveness of their programs’ phototherapy training and what constitutes adequate phototherapy education. Methods A questionnaire was sent to PDs to assess phototherapy training within their program; aspects such as dedicated time, exposure to different modalities, and barriers to resident education were surveyed. We assessed the statistical association between these aspects and the perception by PDs that a program's training was adequate. Statistical testing was reported using Fisher's exact tests. Results A total of 42 PDs responded. Residency training in oral psoralen and ultraviolet A therapy (PUVA), home phototherapy, and excimer laser, respectively, is not provided in 19.0%, 31.0%, and 47.6% of programs. 38.1% of programs provide ≤5 hours of phototherapy training over 3 years of training. 59.5% of PDs cited lack of curriculum time as the most common barrier to phototherapy education. 19.0% of PDs reported completely adequate phototherapy training, which was significantly associated with inclusion of faculty-led didactics, assigned reading, or hands-on clinical training in the curriculum. Conclusions There is a mismatch between the resources devoted to phototherapy education and the need for dedicated training reported by PDs. Limited time is allocated to phototherapy training during dermatology residency, and a large majority of PDs do not feel that the phototherapy training offered is completely adequate. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
A review of data mining algorithms on Hadoop's MapReduce

This paper is a review of the most frequently used data mining algorithms on Hadoop's MapReduce. We describe the algorithms with respect to their implementation and performance on Hadoop's MapReduce. We also discuss the similarities and differences between MapReduce's parallel or distributed implementations and the original standard sequential implementations.
The Father-Daughter Relationship: Past, Present, and Future

Among laypersons, theorists, and researchers, fathers have long been the forgotten parents and daughters the forgotten offspring. Despite the recently awakened interest in both father-child relationships and the development of femininity, these two trends have not converged to yield a substantive literature on fathers and daughters. Fathers and sons have held center stage in the literature concerning paternal influences on children, and the feminists who have provoked the interest in women’s issues have viewed men as lovers and oppressors, but seldom as fathers. Their failure to consider the father’s role in the development of femininity is unfortunate, for the limited evidence suggests that the father’s role may be both important and (from a feminist perspective) deleterious. The research that we review in this chapter indicates that fathers have, for the most part, regarded their daughters as the responsibilities of their wives. To the extent that they take an interest in their daughters’ development, their concern has been with the attainment and maintenance of conformity to traditional sex roles. For their own good, fathers believe, girls must learn their place in the world and beware of being overly assertive or competent lest they make themselves unattractive marriage prospects.
In Situ Hybridization: Marriage Between Molecular Biology and Cytology

After the discovery that RNA molecules with sequences complementary to those of DNA can anneal with the template to form DNA-RNA hybrid molecules, biologists began to consider the possibility of DNA-RNA hybridization in cytological preparations. If a particular species of RNA is made radioactive and if such RNA molecules form hybrids with complementary DNA in the cell nuclei and chromosomes, the cytological locations of this DNA (or genes) can be identified in the auto radiographs. In principle, this procedure should be quite feasible; but in practice a number of technical problems must be solved. A number of cytologists, including myself, made such attempts but failed.
Poor Sleep Quality Among Adolescents With ASD Is Associated With Depressive Symptoms, Problem Behaviors, and Conflicted Family Relationships:

To better understand correlates of sleep issues for adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), we conducted two related studies of sleep quality in association with adolescent well-being and ...
Bounds on extra dimensions from micro black holes in the context of the metastable Higgs vacuum

We estimate the rate at which collisions between ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays can form small black holes in models with extra dimensions. If recent conjectures about false vacuum decay catalyzed by black hole evaporation apply, the lack of vacuum decay events in our past light cone may place new bounds on the black hole formation rate and thus on the fundamental scale of gravity in these models. For theories with fundamental scale ${E}_{*}$ above the Higgs instability scale of the Standard Model, we find a lower bound on ${E}_{*}$ that is within about an order of magnitude of the energy where the cosmic-ray spectrum begins to show suppression from the Greisen-Zatsepin-Kuzmin effect. Otherwise, the abundant formation of semiclassical black holes with short lifetimes would likely initiate vacuum decay. Assuming a Higgs instability scale at the low end of the range compatible with experimental data, the excluded range is approximately ${10}^{17}\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{eV}\ensuremath{\lesssim}{E}_{*}\ensuremath{\le}{10}^{18.8}\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{eV}$ for theories with $n=1$ extra dimension, narrowing to ${10}^{17}\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{eV}\ensuremath{\lesssim}{E}_{*}\ensuremath{\le}{10}^{18.1}\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{eV}$ for $n=6$. These bounds rule out regions of parameter space that are inaccessible to collider experiments, small-scale gravity tests, or estimates of Kaluza-Klein processes in neutron stars and supernovae.
Seeing the light: Research, conservation and exhibition of a 1980s daylight fluorescent painted leather jacket designed by Sprouse and painted by Castronovo

In the mid-1980s, Stephen Sprouse designed a leather motorcycle jacket, the back of which was subsequently painted by muralist Stefano Castronovo. The silver jacket depicts the unmistakable – albei...
Abstract P1126: Neutrophil Extracellular Traps: New Players in Hypertension

Aberrant immune responses are linked to hypertension; yet, neutrophils remain relatively understudied. Both neutrophilia and elevated neutrophil-to-lymphocyte (N/L) ratio are used as clinical bioma...
Angular Distortion Removal of THz Anisotropic Dichroism Microscope

We have developed a stationary sample THz anisotropic dichroism microscope as a powerful tool for material characterization. The key innovation is the use of an iso-response curve defined by the terahertz and detection light polarizations. Here we show that following a continuous iso-response curve introduces angular distortion in the spectrum, and this distortion can be eliminated by using a discontinuous iso-response angle pairs avoiding large gradient regions. Employing this additional constraint on the relative polarizations provides a convenient technique for rapid anisotropic terahertz spectroscopy.
Network structures in cross-movement talk: Democracy Now!, 2003-2013

As organizers often remind us, we need to work across movements if we are to make substantive social change. Such talk is central to how we understand what social movements are and how we can work ...
Unraveling molecular biology of C9ORF72 repeat expansions in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-frontotemporal dementia: Implications for therapy

Abstract Hexanucleotide repeat expansion in chromosome 9 open reading frame 72 (c9ORF72) is the leading cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia (c9-ALS/FTD). Most of the evidence from neuropathological studies and animal and cellular models supports that toxicity from repeat-expanded RNA transcripts and encoded dipeptide repeat proteins are more important contributors to disease pathogenesis than loss of the C9ORF72 protein function. Recent evidence supports that both loss of the function and gain of toxicity may be converging synergistically. Several biological pathways including nucleocytoplasmic transport, stress granule assembly, nucleolar function, protein translation, and DNA stability are aberrantly affected, but it is not determined which pathways lead to neurodegeneration disease and which are consequences. The multiplicity of disease mechanisms and pathways has generated a number of potential therapeutic targets and approaches and biomarkers that are now beginning to be tested in clinical trials, a testament to the rapid progress that has been made in unraveling the neurobiology of c9-ALS/FTD.
A Lesson in Civility

The inherent importance of civility in the legal profession necessitates teaching civility by law schools. This Article demonstrates how civility applies to advocacy and the practice of law, the efficiency of our justice system, lawyer well-being, obtaining a job and professional identity formation, and public confidence in the legal system. The Article can assist courts, attorneys, and professors in understanding civility and its significance. Most critically, this Article provides a turnkey lesson plan for law schools on civility that professors can employ in a variety of classes, including, among others, Professional Responsibility, Civil Procedure, and Constitutional Law. Teaching law students the importance of how to interact civilly with others, particularly opposing counsel, can help a law student enjoy a long and satisfying legal career while avoiding the negative consequences of incivility, which can inhibit and stain an attorney’s career.
On the Perception of Plagiarism in Academia: Context and Intent

Plagiarism is the representation of another author's language, thoughts, ideas, or expressions as one's own original work. In educational contexts, there are differing definitions of plagiarism depending on the institution. Prominent scholars of plagiarism include Rebecca Moore Howard, Susan Blum, Tracey Bretag, and Sarah Elaine Eaton, among others. Plagiarism is considered a violation of academic integrity and a breach of journalistic ethics. It is subject to sanctions such as penalties, suspension, expulsion from school or work, substantial fines and even incarceration. Recently, cases of "extreme plagiarism" have been identified in academia. The modern concept of plagiarism as immoral and originality as an ideal emerged in Europe in the 18th century, particularly with the Romantic movement. Generally, plagiarism is not in itself a crime, but like counterfeiting fraud can be punished in a court for prejudices caused by copyright infringement, violation of moral rights, or torts. In academia and industry, it is a serious ethical offense. Plagiarism and copyright infringement overlap to a considerable extent, but they are not equivalent concepts, and many types of plagiarism do not constitute copyright infringement, which is defined by copyright law and may be adjudicated by courts. Plagiarism might not be the same in all countries. Some countries, such as India and Poland, consider plagiarism to be a crime, and there have been cases of people being imprisoned for plagiarizing. In other instances plagiarism might be the complete opposite of "academic dishonesty," in fact some countries find the act of plagiarizing a professional's work flattering. Students who move to the United States and other Western countries from countries where plagiarism is not frowned upon often find the transition difficult.
Perceived helpfulness of depression treatments among young adults with autism

Currently available treatments for depression show limited effectiveness in adults with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) based on measures of symptom changes and clinician impressions. Perceived helpfulness is another metric that has been found to be useful for understanding treatment outcomes in the general population, but it has not yet been explored in adults with ASD. Thus, the current study collected online survey data to examine patient-perceived treatment helpfulness in a sample of 144 adults with ASD who reported that they were currently receiving community-based treatment for depression. Findings indicate that while there was variability in the levels of perceived helpfulness for both medication and individual therapy, most adults with ASD perceived treatment to be at least moderately helpful. Notably, adults with ASD reported having been in treatment for a prolonged duration (5 to 6 years). Ordinal logistic regression models showed that adults with more depressive symptoms perceived treatments to be less helpful (i.e., medications: odds ratio [OR] = 0.92, 95% confidence interval[CI] = 0.89-0.95; individual therapy: OR = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.92-0.99). Moreover, women perceived medication as more helpful than men (OR = 2.33, 95% CI = 1.13-4.82). Other individual (i.e., age, race, education level) and treatment (i.e., treatment length, concurrent treatment) characteristics were not significantly associated with perceived helpfulness. These findings suggest that future studies may want to use perceived helpfulness, in addition to traditionally used objective outcomes, to understand patients' treatment experience and evaluate depression treatments for adults with ASD. LAY SUMMARY: Adults with autism are much more likely to be depressed than those without autism; therefore, effective depression treatments are necessary to improve mental health outcomes in this group. This online survey study found that most adults with autism felt that the depression treatments they were receiving in the community (i.e., medication and individual therapy) were helpful. Females and those with fewer symptoms of depression felt treatments were more helpful compared with males and those with more symptoms of depression. Our findings suggest that when examining whether treatments for depression are effective, it may be important to measure adults' feelings about the helpfulness of the treatments in addition to measuring changes in symptoms of depression.
ESCREVIVÊNCIA, TESTEMUNHO E DIREITOS HUMANOS EM OLHOS D'ÁGUA DE CONCEIÇÃO EVARISTO

Informed by critical studies on human rights literature, testimonial literature, and (auto-) biographical narrative, this essay analyzes stories from Conceicao Evaristo’s Olhos d’agua (2014), with the purpose of examining the role narrative fiction may play as a form of testimony and resistance literature that gives voice to those normally silenced by racial and economic oppression. Evaristo characterizes her work as escrevivencia, a type of writing originated from the subject’s personal experiences; this subject is mostly Black poor women with whom the narrative voice identifies. Thus, her work presents characteristics of autographic and testimonial literature that seeks to denounce the violation of Brazil’s Black population’s human rights.
Examining Partnership Approaches for Engaging Fathers to Address Domestic Violence.

Little is known about partnerships fatherhood programs establish to engage fathers in addressing domestic violence (DV). The study aimed to (a) describe partnership activities between fatherhood pr...