cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Doing It| Interpretive Theorizing in the Seductive World of Sexuality and Interpersonal Communication: Getting Guerilla with Studies of Sexting and Purity Rings

As Elissa Foster (2008) notes in her increasingly relevant and still vibrant essay “Commitment, Communication, and Contending with Heteronormativity,” relationship scholars—particularly in interpersonal communication studies—are still uncertain about how to proceed in ways that generatively draw from reflexive epistemological stances, especially when it comes to ways of understanding, marking, measuring, or otherwise acknowledging sexuality. This coyness is reflected in the subject index of the most recent SAGE Handbook of Interpersonal Communication, where sex, sexuality, sexual orientation, sexual identity, or any other ostensibly sex-oriented word is notably absent (see Knapp & Daly, 2011). Diamond (in press) echoes these frustrations, noting that studies about sexuality—in terms of both identity and physical expression—are often removed from relational contexts and instead artificially placed into two areas of inquiry: studies of relationships and studies of human sexuality. Those two areas of study are largely interdisciplinary and, as such, are likely to find scholars working amid a tension between promoting themselves to their more traditionally recognized discipline (e.g., communication, psychology, sociology) and engaging larger transdisciplinary discussions about relationships and sexuality (Manning, Vlasis, Dirr, Shandy, Emerson, & De Paz, 2008). As this brief overview suggests, those who are interested in studying relationships and sexuality together face at least three challenges: (1) uncertainty about how to proceed on what many still consider new terrain; (2) scholarship paths that separate sex and sexuality from relationships; and (3) tensions that often accompany interor multidisciplinary work.
Prostatic cryotherapy : current experiences

Background. Cryotherapy of the prostate has been reintroduced clinically due to improved ultrasound guidance and cryotechnology. Recent data have emerged from the authors' canine histopathology study that corresponds with other encouraging reports from human studies. Methods. Six mongrel dogs received cryotherapy to the entire prostate and were observed for selected periods of day to 12 weeks with transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) follow-up. Some technical limitations of the canine model prohibited complete comparison with more extensive techniques in humans. Results. TRUS monitoring of posterior ice-ball progression proved to be highly accurate and correlated with subtotal necrosis of the rectal wall sparing the mucosal layer with millimeter accuracy. Scattered residual glands remained at the distal apex in one dog and in the posterolateral periphery of a larger volume prostate. Without adequate urethral warming, central sloughing was noted in longer term animals. Histology demonstrated hemorrhagic infarction with subsequent ingrowth of transitional epithelium from the urethra, producing reepithelialization of glandular spaces along the residual collagenous architecture. Conclusions. Accurate TRUS monitoring of prostate cryotherapy allows thorough yet careful extension of the ice ball through the posterior aspect of the prostate. Unique histologic changes may account for unremarkable TRUS appearance after cryotherapy as well as some of the benign, atypical, glands seen on follow-up biopsies in humans. These findings may explain the remarkably low residual cancer in humans and encourages further studies on this low morbidity, lower cost definitive therapy. Cancer 1995 ;75 :1957-62.
An investigation of the pricing of audit services for financial institutions

In this paper we investigate audit pricing for financial institutions. We modify the standard audit fee model for industrial companies by incorporating measures of risk and complexity that are either unique to or more relevant for banks, and that are used by bank regulatory agencies. For a sample of 277 financial institutions in fiscal 2000, we find that audit fees are higher for banks having more transactions accounts, fewer securities as a percentage of total assets, lower levels of efficiency, and higher degrees of credit risk. Higher fees also obtain for savings institutions, for banks that are more involved in acquisition activity, and for institutions that are required by regulatory agencies to maintain higher levels of risk-adjusted capital. Our model reveals that the complexities and risks deemed most important by regulatory agencies are also those that tend to be priced by audit firms. The importance of the audit process for banks is likely to intensify in the future as regulatory changes increase the importance of market discipline in controlling bank risk-taking.
Synthesis and Structure of 2,5,8-Triazido-s-Heptazine: An Energetic and Luminescent Precursor to Nitrogen-Rich Carbon Nitrides

Derivatized s-triazine (C3N3) precursors have seen significant recent use in the production of carbon nitride materials. Larger polycyclic molecular precursors, such as those containing an s-heptazine core (C6N7 or tri-s-triazine), may improve stability and order in carbon nitride products. In this Communication, we describe the synthesis and crystal structure of 2,5,8-triazido-s-heptazine (2). Synthesis of 2 was achieved from melon, an oligomeric s-heptazine synthesized by the pyrolysis of NH4SCN. Melon was converted to molecular 2,5,8-trichloro-s-heptazine, which was then transformed to the triazide upon reaction with (CH3)3SiN3. The crystal structure of 2 verifies that the s-heptazine is planar and the azides adopt a pinwheel-like C3h arrangement around the periphery. The s-heptazine core shows pi delocalization in the C-N bonds around the periphery (av. 1.33 A), while the internal planar C-N bonds are longer (1.40 A). The heptazine units pack into parallel, but offset, layered sheets in the crystal. The triazide 2 exhibits photoluminescence at 430 nm and rapidly and exothermically decomposes upon heating at 185 degrees C to produce a tan thermally stable carbon nitride powder with a formula near C3N4.
PYRAZOLATO-BRIDGED BINUCLEAR COMPLEXES OF PLATINUM(II) WITH CARBONYL LIGANDS

Abstract The majority of complexes containing bridging pyrazolato ligands [pz = C3H3N2 1−] have been shown to involve two or three bridging pz groups and to exhibit puckered MN4M′ central rings; however, several recent examples of homo and heterobinuclear complexes with single bridging ligands and essentially planar central rings have been reported. The synthesis and structural characterization of a new member of this series trans-[(CO)ClPt(μ-pz)(μ-Cl)PtCl(CO)] and its mononuclear precursor trans-[Pt(CO)(Cl)2(Hpz)] are reported here. The mononuclear complex trans-[PtCl2(CO)(pzH)] crystallized in P21 with a = 3.417(1), b = 16.454(5), c = 14.571(3) A, β = 90.60(2)°, V = 819.2(7) A3, and Z = 4. The overall complex is planar and stacked with the plantinum centers aligned in the a direction. The intermolecular Pt-Pt distance of 3.417(0) A indicates a weak bonding interaction (van der Waals contact = 3.6 A). The complex trans-(CO)ClPt(μ-Cl)(μ-pz)PtCl(CO) crystallized in P21/c with a = 6.781(6), b = 17.750(4), c...
Predictors of retention in HIV care among a national cohort of US veterans.

AbstractBackground: Poor retention in HIV care leads to poor survival. The predictors of poor retention in HIV care are not well understood, especially from US nationwide datasets. We determined the predictors of poor retention in HIV care among a group of US veterans and examined whether poor retention was confounded by other predictors of survival. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 2,619 male US veterans who started antiretroviral therapy after January 1, 1998. Poor retention in HIV care was defi ned as having had at least 1 quarter-year without any primary care visit in the year after starting antiretroviral therapy. Survival was assessed through 2002. Logistic regression and Cox models were constructed. Results: Thirty-six percent of patients had poor retention in care. In multivariable analysis, younger age, Black race/ethnicity, CD4 cell count >350 ×106/L, hepatitis C infection, and illicit drug use were predictive of poor retention in care. Having a chronic medical comorbidity a...
High-Velocity Impact of Low-Density Projectiles on Structural Aluminum Armor

Abstract The US Army Research Laboratory has been studying the impact physics of low-density projectiles on urban and light-armor structures for use in electro-magnetic cannons. In this paper, results of low-aspect ratio projectiles of nylon, aluminum and steel impacting aluminum armor at velocities above 2000 m/s will be presented. Both computational solid mechanics and analytic modeling techniques were used to supplement experiments to derive a toolkit for assessing target response and character of the debris created from different constant energy impact conditions.
The frontotemporal-orbitozygomatic approach: reconstructive technique and outcome.

The frontotemporal-orbitozygomatic (FTOZ) approach, also known as “the workhorse of skull base surgery,” has captured the interest of many researchers throughout the years. Most of the studies published have focused on the surgical technique and the gained exposure. However, few studies have described reconstructive techniques or functional and cosmetic outcomes. The goal of this study was to describe the surgical reconstruction after the FTOZ approach and analyze the functional and cosmetic outcomes. Seventy-five consecutive patients who had undergone FTOZ craniotomy for different reasons were selected. The same surgical (one-piece FTOZ) and reconstructive techniques were applied in all patients. The functional outcome was measured by complications related to the surgical approach: retro-orbital pain, exophthalmos, enophthalmos, ocular movement restriction, cranial nerve injuries, pseudomeningocele (PMC) and secondary surgeries required to attain a reconstructive closure. The cosmetic outcome was evaluated by analyzing the satisfaction of the patients and their families. Questionnaires were conducted later in the postoperative period. A statistical analysis of the data obtained from the charts and questions was performed. Of the 75 patients studied, 59 had no complications whatsoever. Ocular movement restriction was found in two patients (2.4 %). Cranial nerve injury was documented in seven patients (8.5 %). One patient (1.2 %) underwent surgical repair of a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak from the initial surgery. Two patients (2.4 %) developed delayed postoperative pseudomenigocele. One patient (1.2 %) developed intraparenchymal hemorrhage (IPH). Full responses to the questionnaires were collected from 28 patients giving an overall response rate of 34 %. Overall, 22 patients (78.5 %) were satisfied with the cosmetic outcome of surgery. The reconstruction after FTOZ approach is as important as the performance of the surgical technique. Attention to anatomical details and the stepwise reconstruction are a prerequisite to the successful preservation of function and cosmesis. In our series, the orbitozygomatic osteotomy did not increase surgical complications or alter cosmetic outcomes.
Death with a story: How story impacts emotional, motivational, and physiological responses to first-person shooter video games

This study investigates how game playing experience changes when a story is added to a first-person shooter game. Dependent variables include identification, presence, emotional experiences and motivations. When story was present, game players felt greater identification, sense of presence, and physiological arousal. The presence of story did not affect self-reported arousal or dominance. This study clearly demonstrates that story is something that video game players enjoy; it helps involve them in the game play, makes them feel more immersed in the virtual environment, and keeps them aroused. The greater character identification may be especially worrisome, as past research has shown that justified media violence disinhibits actual aggression on the part of the audience.
Micrometastasis to lymph nodes in stage I left lung cancer patients

Abstract Background . To evaluate the frequency and clinicopathological characteristics of lymph node micrometastasis in left lung cancer patients diagnosed to be stage IA and IB based on routine histopathologic examinations, we examined the lymph nodes in patients who had undergone an extended mediastinal lymphadenectomy, using immunohistochemical methods. Methods . Paraffin-embedded tissue sections from the lymph nodes in 49 patients with stage I left lung cancers were studied. We used AE1/AE3 as the anticytokeratin and Ber-EP4 as the antiepithelial cell antibodies when performing immunohistochemical staining. Results . We identified micrometastasis of the lymph nodes in 13 (26.5%) of 49 patients with stage I left lung cancer. N0 disease was reclassified as N1 disease in 5 cases, N2 disease in 6 cases, and N3 disease in 2 cases. The location of the micrometastatic lymph nodes proved to be wide regions including the contralateral and highest mediastinal nodes, and 6 (46.2%) out of the 13 patients with micrometastasis were thus presumed not to be completely eliminated by a standard lymphadenectomy through an ipsilateral thoracotomy. The five year survival rate of patients with reclassified N1 to N3 disease was 74%, and the presence of micrometastasis was found to have no significant effect on the outcomes. Conclusions . The micrometastatic involvement of the lymph nodes was both more frequent and extensive than expected even in stage I left lung cancer. These results suggest that an extended mediastinal lymphadenectomy may therefore be required for the locoregional control of stage I left lung cancer patients.
P2 receptors in macrophage fusion and osteoclast formation

Cells of the mononuclear phagocyte lineage fuse to form multinucleated giant cells and osteoclasts. Several lines of evidence suggest that P2 receptors, in particular P2X7, are involved in this process, although P2X7 is not absolutely required for fusion because P2X7-null mice form multinucleated osteoclasts. Extracellular ATP may be an important regulator of macrophage fusion.
Sensor calibration using artificial neural networks

Summary form only given, as follows. The calibration of a 2-D displacement sensor that suffers from nonlinearities and crosstalking using an artificial neural network (ANN) is described. The ANN is used as a pattern associator that is trained to perform the mapping between the sensor's readings and the actual sensed properties. For comparison purposes a few methods were explored: a three-layer ANN, with a different number of hidden units, trained by the backpropagation method; a cerebellar model arithmetic computer with a fixed number of quantizing functions; and a polynomial curve fitting technique. The results of the calibration procedure and recommendation are discussed. >
United States Department of Energy research and development efforts to ensure safe transport of hazardous materials

Increased public concern about the transportation of hazardous materials has caused the assurance of safe transport of this material to be a pressing national need. United States Department of Energy (DOE) programs involve the transportation of many hazardous and radioactive materials, and the national need to assure that these materials are transported in a safe manner is being addressed through the application of technology developed as part of the DOE/Albuquerque Operations Office's Transportation Base Technology Program. Currently the Albuquerque Operations Office is the integrator of DOE's Transportation Base Technology Program. Activities in this area include: packaging development, engineering analysis, testing, advanced technology development, packaging certification support, regulatory standards development, information systems management, and risk and systems analysis support. This paper addresses the specifics of DOE activities in these areas.
Fresnel Double Scattering From Tree Branches

A Fresnel double scattering (FDS) method is presented in this paper to accurately and efficiently calculate the scattering cross section from two tree branches not necessarily in the far field of each other at L-band frequencies. The branches, modeled as dielectric cylinders, are assumed to have lengths comparable to one or more wavelengths. It is demonstrated that the FDS method provides a good approximation to the exact solutions of two branches modeled as one scatterer. The FDS method can be employed to study the double scattering effects between tree branches in microwave forest scattering models and accurately model a tree where single scatter and double scatter are the only important scattering mechanisms.
CT localization of posterior fossa bleeding sites in subarachnoid hemorrhage

Abstract Of 155 consecutive patients who were initially seen with symptoms of subarachnoid hemorrhage, 5 (3.2%) were ultimately diagnosed as having aneurysms or arteriovenous malformations located beneath the tentorium within the posterior fossa. Three aneurysms involved the vertebral arteries, and one aneurysm involved the superior cerebellar artery; the single arteriovenous malformation had feeding vessels from the superior cerebellar artery as well as meningeal vessels. Three of these 5 patients showed no localizing CT characteristics such as blood in the sub-arachnoid spaces on the initial scan. Four showed evidence of brainstem swelling, possibly secondary to vasospasm, and 4 showed intraventricular obstructive hydrocephalus. The sites of the bleeding appear to be more difficult to diagnose with computed tomography than supratentorial lesions and require a high degree of suspicion for diagnosis to be made with angiography.
DIRECTIONALITY IN THE WHISTLES OF HAWAIIAN SPINNER DOLPHINS (STENELLA LONGIROSTRIS): A SIGNAL FEATURE TO CUE DIRECTION OF MOVEMENT?

Dolphins produce frequency modulated (FM) whistles that are thought to promote the synchrony and coordination of behavior between members of a group. How whistles are used in this regard remains poorly understood. One possibility is that whistles have directionality and thereby convey the orientation and direction of movement of the signaler to nearby listeners. To explore this possibility, whistles from free-ranging Hawaiian spinner dolphins (Stenella longirostris) were obtained using a towed, three-hydrophone line array and examined for the presence of directionality. Both the estimated source level and harmonic content of whistles produced by animals traveling with or toward the array were greater than those of animals moving ahead or away from it. In addition, signals produced by animals near the array (within 20 m) were received differently on the three hydrophones spaced 11.5 m apart. These differences were greater than would be expected from transmission loss disparities alone. The results indicate that directivity is present in the transmission pattern of whistles. To infer the form of this directivity, a theoretical whistle beam pattern was established based on the assumption that the dolphin’s sound source is approximated by a circular piston transducer (Au 1993). The resulting beam indicates that spinner dolphin whistles become increasingly directional with frequency, especially with respect to harmonics. The orientationdependent harmonic structure of whistles thus presents a potential cue that listening animals could interpret to infer the direction of movement of signalers. Harmonics are present in the whistles of many dolphin species and may represent an inherent signal design feature that promotes coordination between animals.
Crude oil prices and U. S. economic performance: Where does the asymmetry reside

Sustained decreases in crude oil prices appear to affect the US economy differently than sustained increases. This paper shows that a significant part of the observed asymmetry is due to adjustments within the energy sector and not within the rest of the economy. In particular, sustained decreases in petroleum product or general energy prices do not appear to have qualitatively different macroeconomic impacts than do sustained price increases. The singular focus on crude oil prices changes in previous studies is misplaced. Moreover, the 1986 oil price collapse did not operate in isolation from other important events. As crude oil prices fell in the 1986 period, other factors caused a major devaluation of the US dollar that had potentially important effects on the US economy.
Comparative assessments of benzene, toluene, and xylene natural attenuation by quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis of a catabolic gene, signature metabolites, and compound-specific isotope analysis.

A controlled-release study conducted at Vandenberg Air Force Base involved the injection of anaerobic groundwater amended with benzene, toluene, and o-xylene (BToX; 1−3 mg/L each) in two parallel lanes: lane A injectate contained no ethanol, whereas lane B injectate contained ∼500 mg/L ethanol. As reported previously by Mackay and co-workers, ethanol led to slower BToX disappearance in lane B. Here, we report on assessments of BToX natural attenuation by three independent and specific monitoring approaches: signature metabolites diagnostic of anaerobic TX metabolism (benzysuccinates), compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA), and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis of a catabolic gene involved in anaerobic TX degradation (bssA). In combination, the three monitoring methods provided strong evidence of in situ TX biodegradation in both lanes A and B; however, no single method provided strong evidence for TX biodegradation in both lanes. Benzylsuccinates were detected almost exclusively i...
Single Protein Production in Living Cells Facilitated by an mRNA Interferase

We designed a single-protein production (SPP) system in living E. coli cells that exploits the unique properties of MazF, a bacterial toxin that is an ssRNA- and ACA-specific endoribonuclease. In effect, MazF functions as an "mRNA interferase," because it efficiently and selectively degrades all cellular mRNAs in vivo, resulting in a precipitous drop in total protein synthesis. Concomitant expression of MazF and a target gene engineered to encode an ACA-less mRNA results in sustained and high-level (up to 90%) target expression in the virtual absence of background cellular protein synthesis. Remarkably, target synthesis continues for at least 4 days, indicating that cells retain transcriptional and translational competence despite their growth arrest. SPP technology works well for E. coli (soluble and membrane), yeast, and human proteins. This expression system enables unparalleled signal to noise ratios that should dramatically simplify structural and functional studies of previously intractable but biologically important proteins.
Poly(urethane/crown ether rotaxane)s with Solvent Switchable Microstructures

Poly(urethane/crown ether rotaxane)s 7c−g were prepared from bis(p-tert-butylphenyl)bis[p-(2-(2‘-hydroxyethoxy)ethoxy)phenyl]methane (diol BG 4), tetrakis(ethylene glycol) (5) and 4,4‘-methylenebis(phenyl isocyanate) (MDI) (6) using 30-crown-10 (30C10) as solvent. It was found that threading efficiencies (m/n value, average number of cyclics per repeat unit) of 7c−g increased with the feed proportion of diol BG 4. Compared to poly(ester rotaxane)s in which the crown ethers can freely move along the backbone, the dethreading rate during polymerization is slow due to the H-bonds between in-chain NH groups and threaded crown ethers. In poly(urethane rotaxane)s, crown ethers are localized at the NH sites by H-bonding in chloroform, locked translationally and perhaps rotationally, to afford a well-defined microstructure. However, the cyclics tend to be in the vicinity of BG units in DMSO, which disrupts the H-bonding. Induction of shuttling between the two sites is caused by the use of mixtures of DMSO and CHC...
Improvement of porous cellulose acetate reverse osmosis membranes by change of casting conditions

The effects of temperature of casting solution in the range −10° to 15°C, that of casting atmosphere in the range 10° to 30°C, relative humidity of casting atmosphere in the range 35% to 75%, and solvent evaporation period in the range 0.5 to 3 min were studied on shrinkage temperatures, solute separations, and product rates of Loeb-Sourirajan-type cellulose acetate membranes in reverse osmosis experiments. The composition of casting solution used was as follows: cellulose acetate, 17; acetone, 69.2; magnesium perchlorate, 1.45; and water, 12.35 wt-%. Best performance was obtained with membranes cast under the following conditions: temperature of casting solution, 10°C; temperature of casting atmosphere, 30°C; relative humidity of casting atmosphere, 65%; and solvent evaporation period, 1 min. For a 90% level of solute separation, the productivities of the above type of membranes were 22.9, 61.4, and 64.5 gallons/day-ft2 at 250, 600, and 1500 psig using 3500 ppm NaCl–H2O, 5000 ppm NaCl–H2O, and 28395 ppm NaCl–H2O feed solutions, respectively. In all cases, the feed flow rates corresponded to a mass transfer coefficient of 45 × 10−4 cm/sec on the high-pressure side of the membrane. The general specifications of the above type of membranes are given for the operating pressures of 250, 600, and 1500 psig. The effects of the above casting condition variables on the surface pore structure during film formation are discussed.
A 30.3dBm 1.9GHz-bandwidth 2×4-array stacked 5.3GHz CMOS power amplifier

RF power amplifiers (PA) implemented in a scaled CMOS technology typically have a low maximum output power because they operate from a low supply voltage. This paper proposes an array RF PA able to deliver a large output power from a large supply voltage through the use of three techniques illustrated in Fig. 5.4.1: (1) series-parallel transformers, (2) transistor stacking, and (3) amplifier stacking. First, the array RF PA employs series-parallel combinations of transformers to provide simultaneous impedance transformation and power combining over a wide bandwidth. The integrated on-chip impedance transformation is more robust and reproducible than off-chip matching using discrete passive components. Second, stacking transistors in the array RF PA increases the output power provided by each of the unit PA stages comprising the array. Third, two PAs are stacked [1]. The two stacking methods increase the operating supply voltage, thus making possible an RF PA operating directly from a battery without the need for a DC-DC switching regulator to generate a low PA supply voltage. A prototype 2×4 array RF PA with a -3dB bandwidth of 1.9GHz has been integrated in a standard 65nm CMOS technology. The array RF PA can deliver 30.3dBm (28.2dBm) of output power at 5.3GHz when operating from a 6.35V (4.8V) supply with 17.8% (20.6%) power-added efficiency (PAE).
Acute hepatotoxicity of ethylene, vinyl fluoride, vinyl chloride, and vinyl bromide after Aroclor 1254 pretreatment.

Abstract Male rats were pretreated by gavage with the polychlorinated biphenyl mixture (PCB) Aroclor 1254 (300 μmole of PCB/kg) for 3 consecutive days. On the fourth day these rats were exposed by inhalation (4 hr) to various concentrations of ethane, ethylene, fluoride monomer (VFM), vinyl chloride monomer (VCM), or vinyl bromide monomer (VBM). Animals were sacrificed 24 hr after exposure and acute hepatic responses were estimated by measurement of serum alanine-α-ketoglutarate transaminase (SAKT) and by light microscopy. All of the compounds tested, except ethane, caused significant elevations of SAKT and produced severe degeneration and necrosis of the liver. Typical SAKT values (milligrams of pyruvate per milliliter of serum per hour) were: absolute controls, 0.17 ± 0.01; PCB pretreated, not exposed, 0.19 ± 0.02; PCB and 50,000 ppm of ethane, 0.11 ± 0.02; PCB and 25,000 ppm of ethylene, 1.98 ± 0.61; PCB and 10,000 ppm of VFM 6.29 ± 0.99; PCB and 10,000 ppm of VCM 1.11 ± 0.32; and PCB and 33,000 ppm of VBM, 3.78 ± 2.28. The relative potencies of these compounds in elevating SAKT were similar and the spectrum of morphologic changes (e.g., midzonal ballooning of hepatocytes and centrolobular hemorrhagic necrosis) was the same. The acute hepatotoxicity of ethylene plus PCB and lack of effect from ethane plus PCB indicate a role for the double bond in these toxic interactions. With the exception of ethane the compounds tested are similar in acute toxicity after PCB pretreatment. This similarity of acute action, in light of the carcinogenicity of VCM, suggests that ethylene, VMF, and VBM should be evaluated for chronic effects.
Dynamic O-GlcNAc Modification of Nucleocytoplasmic Proteins in Response to Stress A SURVIVAL RESPONSE OF MAMMALIAN CELLS

Cellular response to environmental, physiological, or chemical stress is key to survival following injury or disease. Here we describe a unique signaling mechanism by which cells detect and respond to stress in order to survive. A wide variety of stress stimuli rapidly increase nucleocytoplasmic protein modification by O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc), an essential post-translational modification of Ser and Thr residues of metazoans. Blocking this post-translational modification, or reducing it, renders cells more sensitive to stress and results in decreased cell survival; and increasing O-GlcNAc levels protects cells. O-GlcNAc regulates both the rates and extent of the stress-induced induction of heat shock proteins, providing a molecular basis for these findings.
Analysis of treatment modalities and their failures in stage IB cancer of the cervix

This is a retrospective analysis of 240 patients who had clinical Stage IB cancer of the cervix treated with radiation between 1969 and 1980. Of these, 186 patients were treated with a combination of external and intracavitary radiation therapy, and 54 patients received adjuvant postoperative radiation therapy. The minimum follow-up was 5 years. In the group who received only radiation therapy, the overall recurrence in 170 patients (excluding 16 patients found at laparotomy to have unresectable disease) was 17% (29 of 170); pelvic recurrence was 9% and distant metastases alone was 6%. In the group who received the adjuvant postoperative radiation therapy, 16 patients had a simple hysterectomy followed by vaginal ovoid and/or external pelvic irradiation for an unexpected Stage IB cancer of the cervix. Their overall recurrence was 37.5% (6 of 16). Pelvic recurrence was the most common treatment failure with a recurrence of 31%. Significant prognostic factors were depth of stromal invasion and status of surgical margins. Thirty-eight patients had a radical hysterectomy followed by postoperative radiation therapy because of positive pelvic lymph nodes and/or close surgical margins. In patients with positive pelvic lymph nodes, the overall recurrence was 39% (9 of 23); pelvic recurrence was 13%. Distant metastases, the most common treatment failure, was 26%. In seven patients with close surgical margins, five recurred in the pelvis. There was no distant metastases without pelvic failure. Five of eight patients with close paracervical margins recurred in the pelvis. All five of these patients were treated with vaginal ovoid irradiation alone. Whole pelvic irradiation plus vaginal ovoid irradiation is necessary in those with close paracervical margins. The vaginal ovoid irradiation alone should be limited to very selected patients with positive vaginal margins only.
Precise measurement and the race for technological supremacy

Technological progress can be reflected, fundamentally, by a country's level of competence in measurement techniques. The USSR's progress in this field is a challenge that, if ignored, could be instrumental in undermining world freeenterprise economy status. Thus, in the race for technological supremacy, the role of the U. S. National Bureau of Standards is vital.
Four new species of Smilax (Smilacaceae) from southeastern Asia

Described as new areSmilax biumbellata of the affinity ofS. nervomarginata,S. siamensis of the affinity of 5.perfoliata, and two others inSmilax sect.Macranthae:S. inversa andS. pachysandroides.Smilax inversa (characterized by strongly deflexed leaves and inflorescences on zigzag stems) andS. pachysandroides (with subsessile leaves on low simple stems) show no close resemblance to any previously known species of the section.
Haemorrhagic cellulitis: a syndrome associated with tumour necrosis factor‐α

A newly defined clinical syndrome, haemorrhagic cellulitis, is described in 12 patients. The syndrome consists of an acute onset of extremely painful erythema affecting dependent areas, followed by dermal haemorrhage and sloughing of the overlying epidermis, and requiring both antibiotics and systemic corticosteroids for complete resolution. The patients usually have demonstrable Gram-negative or Gram-positive infection, of non-cutaneous origin, and underlying systemic disease. Vacuolopathic necrosis of epidermal keratinocytes, and damaged vascular endothelium of the dermal blood vessels can be demonstrated by light and electron microscopy, as well as by lectin studies. Immunocytochemical studies reveal the presence of activated macrophages and T lymphocytes. We believe the syndrome is due to lipopolysaccharide-induced or bacterial mitogen-induced tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), secreted by previously primed activated macrophages in a second-set response. TNF-alpha characteristically injures endothelial cells and epidermal keratinocytes. It is thought to induce its cytotoxic effects partly via neutrophil degranulation, and partly via DNAase activation, with resultant DNA fragmentation and cell lysis. Corticosteroids have been shown not only to inhibit TNF-alpha secretion by activated macrophages, but also to block its cytotoxicity, thus accounting for the extremely rapid clinical response to this drug in conjunction with adequate and appropriate antibiotic therapy.
Interface pinning and the dynamics of capillary rise in porous media.

We report a study of the dynamics of capillary rise of water in a column of glass beads. The water column height $h$ is measured over 5 decades in time, $1ltl{10}^{5}\mathrm{s}$. We find that the early time data are well described by the classical Washburn equation for capillary tubes. At late times, however, the dynamics is governed by the randomness of the capillary forces on the air-water interface. Analyzing the data in terms of critical pinning, $\mathrm{dh}/\mathrm{dt}\ensuremath{\propto}({P\ensuremath{-}P}_{T}{)}^{\ensuremath{\beta}}$, results in an anomalously large exponent $\ensuremath{\beta}$. We discuss the significance of this finding in light of recent theories for domain wall pinning in the random-field Ising model.
Sample environments at IPNS : present and future capabilities

Argonne's Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, IPNS, was dedicated as a major user-oriented neutron scattering facility two years ago. Most instruments are now equipped to provide for sample environments in the temperature range 1.5 < T < 1300K. A special facility provides T < 1mK, and another provides pressures to 30kbar. Several environmental equipment designs are described that emphasize time-of-flight technique. Methods for achieving time-resolved experiments which take advantage of the IPNS pulsed source characteristics are discussed. 6 references, 7 figures.
Arsenic in drinking water and bladder cancer.

(2000). Arsenic in Drinking Water and Bladder Cancer: Environmental Carcinogenesis. Cancer Investigation: Vol. 18, No. 2, pp. 174-182.
Development of a Structured Year-End Sign-Out Program in an Outpatient Continuity Practice

BACKGROUND In an effort to prevent medical errors, it has been recommended that all healthcare organizations implement a standardized approach to communicating patient information during transitions of care between providers. Most research on these transitions has been conducted in the inpatient setting, with relatively few studies conducted in the outpatient setting.
Foreign Object Damage (FOD) of Ceramic Thermal Barrier Coatings (TBCs) in Gas Turbine Airfoils

Ceramic thermal barrier coatings (TBCs), attributed to their inherent brittle nature, are highly susceptible to damage by impacting foreign particles when the impacting kinetic energy exceeds certain limits. The damage is termed foreign object damage (FOD) in related turbine components and results in various issues/problems to coatings as well as to substrates from delamination to spallation to cracking to catastrophic failure depending on the severity of impact. The FOD testing was performed using a ballistic impact gun for turbine airfoil components coated with 7% yittria stabilized zirconia (7YSZ) by electron beam physical vapor deposit (EB-PVD). A range of impact velocities up to Mach 1 was applied with three different projectile materials of steel, silicon nitride, and glass balls. The damage was assessed and characterized in terms of impact velocity, projectile material, and remaining life of turbine components. An energy-balance approach was made to develop a model to predict delamination of the TBCs upon impact.© 2013 ASME
Effect of auxins on the formation of ubiquinone by tobacco plant cells in suspension culture

Abstract Ubiquinone (UQ) formation in BY-2 tobacco cells was especially promoted by a high concentration of 2,4-D. 2,4,5-T, MCP and NAA also promoted UQ formation in these cells. The UQ content in the cells cultured at high concentrations of 2,4-D was higher than that of controls throughout the culture period. The addition of 2,4-D at an early period in cell growth was very effective in promoting UQ formation, but addition at the stationary phase was ineffective. Cell growth was improved by adding phosphate to the medium but UQ content was decreased. UQ content decreased slowly during subculturing, whereas cell growth recovered gradually.
Health Care Provider Recommendation, Human Papillomavirus Vaccination, and Race/Ethnicity in the US National Immunization Survey

Objectives. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a common sexually transmitted infection in the United States, yet HPV vaccination rates remain relatively low. We examined racial/ethnic differences in the prevalence of health care provider recommendations for HPV vaccination and the association between recommendation and vaccination.Methods. We used the 2009 National Immunization Survey–Teen, a nationally representative cross-section of female adolescents aged 13 to 17 years, to assess provider-verified HPV vaccination (≥ 1 dose) and participant-reported health care provider recommendation for the HPV vaccine.Results. More than half (56.9%) of female adolescents received a recommendation for the HPV vaccine, and adolescents with a recommendation were almost 5 times as likely to receive a vaccine (odds ratio = 4.81; 95% confidence interval = 4.01, 5.77) as those without a recommendation. Racial/ethnic minorities were less likely to receive a recommendation, but the association between recommendation and vaccinati...
Categorization of Gerbil auditory fiber responses

Abstract This ongoing work is concerned with what the gerbil's ear tells the gerbil's brain. The responses of over 600 auditory nerve fibers to band-limited Gaussian white noise were recorded, and a smoothed, linear estimate of each fiber's impulse response was derived using a reverse correlation procedure and a state space model. In this paper, we investigate the impulse responses’ dependence on animal, stimulus amplitude, and tuning frequency. Despite great fiber response variability, we conclude that their responses tend to be briefer and more asymmetric for moderate to high frequencies.
Public policy and adolescent pregnancy: a reexamination of the issues.

The issues of adolescent pregnancy and childbirth lie at the crossroads of a variety of legislative and judicial events and social trends. To allow for a less emotional examination of the issue and a solution to the problem, policymakers must view the issues within the context of historical patterns and these current trends.
Soft-switching sliding mode control of power generation systems

A wide spectrum of problems in the analysis, design and optimization of multi-input/multi-output power generation systems are considered in this paper. We synthesize, implement and validate proportional-integral and softs-witching sliding mode control laws. Testing, characterization and evaluation of renewable power generation systems substantiate our basic, applied and engineering solutions.
Packet Error Rate Distribution Between Random Bluetooth Piconet Pairs

The packet error rate between two piconets depends on the temporal alignment of their packets and the spectral alignment of the intervals from which the frequencies in their hop sequence are chosen. The relationship between two randomly paired piconets is one of over 828 billion possible relationships. We define these relationships and derive an expression for determining the packet error rate for a specific pair of piconets using single-slot packets. We derive the probability mass function for the packet error rate and extend it to provide the possible packet error rates for an arbitrary number of neighboring piconets. We also derive a probability mass function for the goodput of a piconet with a neighboring piconet. The probability mass functions for the packet error rate is bimodal, meaning the expected value of the goodput or packet error rate is not a good choice for piconet performance analysis.
Processing of Alphabetic Information Presented in the Fovea or the Periphery: Functional Visual Field and Cognitive Load:

In a tachistoscopic reaction-time study that required subjects to respond ‘same’ or ‘different’ to vertically arrayed letter pairs, it was found that cognitive load (level of required match) and retinal eccentricity were both potent variables. It seems that subjects can process low-level information (physical matches) quite effectively out to at least 7 deg visual angle from fixation, in either direction. It was also demonstrated that higher-level processing may proceed fairly efficiently out to at least 4 deg from fixation. These estimates suggest that the abilities of the information processor to deal effectively with the periphery may have been underestimated in the past.
Numbers and avidity of anti-DNP antibody plaques in different inbred mouse strains

Spleen cells of mice from eight inbred strains and three F1 hybrids, undergoing a secondary immune response to dinitrophenylated keyhole limpet hemocyanin (DNP-KLH), were examined for numbers of indirect DNP-specific plaque forming cells (PFC) as well as avidity of anti-DNP antibodies. The results indicated that the magnitude of the immune response is under genetic control. Differences in average avidity and heterogeneity of avidity were found among different mouse strains, suggesting genetic control of these parameters. However, no simple pattern of inheritance for these characteristics emerged from the study.
High temperature and hexane break pupal diapause in the flesh fly, Sarcophaga crassipalpis, by activating ERK/MAPK.

Pupal diapause in the flesh fly, Sarcophaga crassipalpis, can be terminated by exposure to high temperatures or, artificially, with a topical application of organic solvents. To analyze the molecular mechanisms involved in diapause termination we explored the possibility that the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) are involved in this response. Levels of phospho-ERK increased within 10 min after hexane application. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) was also activated when pupae were transferred from 20 to 25 °C, thus suggesting that ERK activation is a likely component of the signal transduction pathway used to initiate development in response to diapause-terminating signals. 20-Hydroxyecdysone and cyclic GMP terminate diapause in this fly, and the juvenile hormone analog methoprene shortens the diapause, but none of these agents activated ERK. ERK was readily activated in isolated abdomens treated with hexane, thus we conclude that ERK is directly activated by the hexane treatment. ERK activation was evident in the brain, epidermis, midgut and fat body, but not in the ventral nerve mass or ring gland, thus suggesting that ERK does not act directly on the ring gland to promote ecdysteroid synthesis but exerts its effect through stimulation of the brain.
High and low potential states of the chloroplast cytochrome b-559 and thermodynamic control of non-cyclic electron transport.

Most of the chloroplastb-559 is high potential at neutral pH as defined by hydroquinone reducibility. FCCP* (20 μM) and antimycin A (50 μM) convert high potentialb-559 to a low potential state which can be reduced by ascorbate but not hydroquinone. The low and high potential states of cytochromeb-559 are different forms of the same cytochrome.
The role of arachidonic acid in steroidogenesis and steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) gene and protein expression.

Abstract This study was conducted to examine the mechanism for arachidonic acid (AA) regulation of steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) protein expression and the relationship between AA and cAMP in hormone-induced steroidogenesis. Dibutyryl cyclic AMP (Bt2cAMP)-stimulated MA-10 Leydig cells were treated with AA and/or the phospholipase A2 inhibitor, dexamethasone. Dexamethasone significantly reduced Bt2cAMP-stimulated progesterone production, StAR promoter activity, StAR mRNA, and StAR protein. The inhibitory effects of dexamethasone were reversed by the addition of 150 μm AA to MA-10 cells. In addition, MA-10 cells were treated with the lipoxygenase inhibitor, nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA), the 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor, AA861, the epoxygenase inhibitor, miconazole, and the cyclooxygenase inhibitor, indomethacin. Both NDGA and AA861 inhibited progesterone production and StAR protein expression. AA861-inhibited progesterone synthesis and StAR protein were partially reversed by addition of the 5- lipoxygenase metabolite, 5(S)-hydroperoxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoic acid. Inhibition of epoxygenase activity inhibited progesterone production significantly, but StAR protein was only slightly reduced. Indomethacin enhanced StAR protein expression and significantly increased progesterone production. Inhibition of AA release or lipoxygenase activities did not affect protein kinase A activity, whereas inhibition of protein kinase A activity using H89 reduced Bt2cAMP-induced StAR protein. AA alone did not induce StAR protein expression nor steroid production. These results demonstrate the essential role of AA in steroid biosynthesis and StAR gene transcription and suggest the possible involvement of the lipoxygenase pathway in steroidogenesis. This study further indicates that AA and cAMP transduce signals from trophic hormone receptors to the nucleus through two separate pathways and act to co-regulate steroid production and StAR gene expression and indicates that both pathways are required for trophic hormone-stimulated steroidogenesis.
Cooperation and online searching via a computer-supported cooperative problem solving environment

As the distance between remote user and librarian continues to grow, we are being forced to re-examine the way we teach librarians to work. This article suggests that in today's workplace, librarians must be adept at both technical as well as cooperative skills. It also suggests that we must be prepared to teach librarians how to work in collaborative environments that promote clients' needs. Towards this end, we built a computer-supported cooperative problem solving environment designed to help librarians and remote users work together in performing an online search. We believe that online searching and cooperative skills are highly interrelated and, as such, can be exercised more effectively in a computer-supported cooperative environment. The environment encourages cooperative work, and yet monitors both individual and group performance. Results from our studies indicated that groups using the interface demonstrated more effective skills than groups who performed the same task face-to-face. Furthermore, the Computer-Supported Cooperative Training (CSCT) environment showed that the competencies relating to group problem description and generation of alternative solutions were the most predictive of successful group interaction.