cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fashioning the historical body: the political economy of denim

In this cultural history of denim's emergence as a ubiquitous fashion element, coveted global commodity, and pre-eminent national icon, I argue that denim's significance derives not from its celebrated comfort and utility, nor from its symbolic value, but rather from its ability to naturalize the body through a uniquely historicizing experience of utility itself. Denim not only memorializes the history of the lived body in its patterns of fading and fraying, it also locates that body within a nationalist historiography plotted in terms of the interlocking figures of the laborer, the cowboy, and the countercultural rebel. Denim thus fashions the body as a potentially political site of authenticity and self-possession that is both culturally mediated yet also imagined to be liberated from the symbolic demands of culture itself. Such a reading of denim thus calls for a rethinking of the Marxist conception of the commodity fetish, while also complicating scholarly understandings of clothing as a semiotic inst...
THE NELSON‐DENNY READING TEST AS A PREDICTOR OF COLLEGE GRADES

ABSTRACT This report studied the predictive validity of the Nelson‐Denny Reading Test (NDRT). Using a sample of over 12,000 college students, the ability of the NDRT was compared to the ability of the Scholastic Aptitude Verbal Tests (SAT‐V) in predicting freshman grade point average and grades in English composition. For each test regression equations were calculated using a calibration group and then crossvalidated with a test group of the sample. The effectiveness of each test was compared applying three evaluation indices: multiple correlation coefficient, mean absolute error of prediction, and the proportion whose predicted grade was within 0.20 units of their actual grade. Essentially, the NDRT and SAT‐V were of equal value in predicting the criteria
129Xe NMR studies of the dynamics of xenon in siliceous ZSM-12 zeolite

The adsorption of xenon in siliceous zeolite ZSM-12 has been studied by static, magic angle spinning and 2D-EXSY129Xe NMR. Anisotropic lines were observed with parameters dependent on the Xe loading and the temperature of the experiment. The observed dependence of the isotropic chemical shift is at variance with the predictions of the mean-free-path model, which casts further doubt on the applicability of this model to the interpretation of Xe NMR data in porous systems. Based on the continuous changes of anisotropic parameters with the loading, we conclude that there are several adsorption sites for xenon in the pores. A qualitative model for the distribution and rapid exchange of the xenon atoms between several sites is discussed. The observed lines arise from a dynamic average of the chemical shift tensors for the different types of site weighted by their populations. 2D-EXSY spectra show two kinds of slow exchange of Xe: (a) particle to particle and, (b) particle to interparticle gas phase.
Preconcentration of chlorpromazine at a wax-impregnated graphite electrode

Summary Chlorpromazine is shown to extract from aqueous sample solutions into a waximpregnated graphite electrode (WIGE). Chronocoulometry gives a charge—time curve with an intercept that indicates adsorption of chlorpromazine at the interface and a time dependence consistent with chlorpromazine extraction into the WIGE. The extraction serves as a preconcentration step which lowers the detection limit for chlorpromazine when determined by differential pulse voltammetry.
Bilateral but not unilateral testicular hypotrophy predicts for severe impairment of semen quality in men with varicocele undergoing infertility evaluation.

Objectives Varicocele is a common cause of infertility, and varicocele-associated testicular hypotrophy has been described as a potential cause of decreased semen quality. We investigated the relationship between testicular hypotrophy and poor semen quality in infertile men with varicoceles. We hypothesized that bilateral hypotrophy is required before the semen quality is severely impaired. Methods We retrospectively identified consecutive patients with palpable varicoceles undergoing an infertility evaluation at a single academic center. Each patient was evaluated by the same clinician with history and physical examination. Testicular hypotrophy was defined as a size discrepancy of greater than 3 mL or an absolute size of less than 14 mL. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine the clinical predictors of total motile sperm count (TMC) of less than 20 million. Results A total of 245 men with complete data were identified, and 103 men with a TMC of less than 20 million sperm (mean age 36.2 ± 6.6 years) were compared with 142 men with normal TMCs (mean age 37.1 ± 6.5 years). On multivariate analysis, men with bilateral hypotrophy were nearly nine times more likely to have a TMC of less than 20 million sperm than were men without hypotrophy (odds ratio 8.8, 95% confidence interval 2.4 to 32.1), and six times more likely than those with unilateral hypotrophy (odds ratio 6.0, 95% confidence interval 1.4 to 26.3). Unilateral hypotrophy alone did not predict for a low TMC. Conclusions Among men with varicoceles undergoing infertility evaluation, those with bilateral hypotrophy are at the greatest risk of impaired semen quality.
Scale effect of the testing furnaces on the oxidation of silicon carbide ceramics

On etudie l'influence du type de four utilise et de l'atmosphere (statique ou dynamique) sur l'oxydation des ceramiques de Si 3 N 4
Posttraumatic Growth in Mothers of Children with Acquired Disabilities

ABSTRACT Stress, burden, and sorrow are not surprising responses for mothers of children who acquire life-altering disabilities. What is largely unforeseen is how maternal caregivers transform in positive ways through trauma and adversity. This article offers first-person accounts from mothers about elements of posttraumatic growth that unexpectedly emerged and coexisted with the rigors and emotional strains of raising their newly physically challenged children. Also noted is the unanticipated potential for growth that occurs in the process of conducting “insider” research.
HEAT-TRANSFER AND GAS-HOLDUP STUDIES IN A BUBBLE COLUMN : AIR-WATER-GLASS BEAD SYSTEM

Air-holdup and heat-transfer coefficient values are measured in a 0.305 m diameter bubble column equipped with a seven-tube bundle for the air-water and air-water-glass bead system. The dependence of these two properties on air velocity (up to 0.28 m/s), temperature (297-343 K), glass bead powder average size (50-143.3 μm), solids concentration in the slurry (up to 20 weight percent) and bubble column diameter (0.108 and 0.305 m), is experimentally investigated. The effect of internals, as simulated by a single probe and a seven-tube bundle, in the two bubble columns is also examined. The models and correlations commonly employed to estimate these properties are assessed on the basis of generated data.
Novel space alters theta and gamma synchrony across the longitudinal axis of the hippocampus

Hippocampal theta (6-10 Hz) and gamma (25-50 Hz and 65-100 Hz) local field potentials reflect the dynamic synchronization of inputs impinging upon hippocampal neurons. Novel experience is known to engage hippocampal physiology and promote successful encoding. Does novelty synchronize or desynchronize theta and/or gamma frequency inputs across the septotemporal (long) axis of the hippocampus? The present study tested the hypothesis that a novel spatial environment would alter theta power and coherence across the long axis. We compared theta and gamma local field potential signals at individual (power) and millimeter distant electrode pairs (coherence) within the dentate gyrus (DG) and CA1 region while rats navigated a runway 1) in a familiar environment, 2) with a modified path in the same environment and 3) in a novel space. Locomotion in novel space was related to increases in theta and gamma power at most CA1 and DG sites. The increase in theta and gamma power was concurrent with an increase in theta and gamma coherence across the long axis of CA1; however, there was a significant decrease in theta coherence across the long axis of the DG. These findings illustrate significant shifts in the synchrony of entorhinal, CA3 and/or neuromodulatory afferents conveying novel spatial information to the dendritic fields of CA1 and DG targets across the long axis of the hippocampus. This shift suggests that the entire theta/gamma-related input to the CA1 network, and likely output, receives and conveys a more coherent message in response to novel sensory experience. Such may contribute to the successful encoding of novel sensory experience.
Incidence of the Coccidial Species Eimeria necatrix, Among Georgia Broilers as Determined by Challenge Techniques

Abstract ALTHOUGH extensive studies have been reported on coccidiosis control in recent years, very few have dealt with incidence and geographical distribution of the various species of coccidia. Additional information would be helpful to poultry-men who must design adequate control programs against all species of economic importance. Few reports on distribution of the intestinal species, E. necatrix, have appeared within the United States. Levine (1940) reported E. necatrix present in 38% of 39 chickens examined from 33 farms from New York state. Zimmerman (1957) reported this species present on two farms in Iowa. Edgar (1958) reported a high degree of immunity in 3 and a partial immunity in 6 out of 16 flocks at 9 to 10 weeks of age from samples taken off of different farms in Alabama. These samplings give some indication of the prevalence of this species in the areas under study. Similar investigations of other areas and …
Alcohol-Related God/Higher Power Control Beliefs, Locus of Control, and Recovery Within the Alcoholics Anonymous Paradigm

Abstract This study explored the relationships among spirituality, control beliefs, and treatment outcomes by examining internal and God/Higher Power control beliefs in members of Alcoholics Anonymous (AA). Participants included 89 male and 55 female (N= 144) adult alcoholics who were currently attending AA meetings. Questionnaires assessing alcohol-related God/Higher Power control beliefs, drinking-related control beliefs, satisfaction with life, and length of sobriety were completed by AA members. Guided by Pargament et al.'s (1988) model of collaborative religious coping, it was hypothesized that greater length of sobriety and satisfaction with life would be found in individuals who simultaneously endorsed internal and God/Higher Power drinking-related control beliefs. Contrary to expectation, the results from this study showed that individuals who endorsed internal and God/Higher Power control beliefs did not have significantly better satisfaction with life or longer sobriety than the other groups. In...
On the measure of specificity of intuitionistic fuzzy sets

We suggest an extension of the measure of specificity to intuitionistic fuzzy sets. We look at its relationship to the specificity of standard fuzzy subsets compatible with the given intuitionistic fuzzy set.
CETN1 is a cancer testis antigen with expression in prostate and pancreatic cancers

The Cancer Testis Antigens (CTAs) are a group of genes that are highly expressed in the normal testis and several types of cancer. Due to their restricted expression in normal adult tissues, CTAs have been attractive targets for immunotherapy and biomarker development. In this work, we discovered that Centrin 1 (CETN1) which is found in the centrosome of all eukaryotes, may be a member of this group and is highly expressed in prostate and pancreatic cancer. Three members of the centrin family of calcium binding proteins (CETN) are localized to the centrosome in all eukaryotes with CDC31 being the sole yeast homolog. CETN1 is a retrogene that probably arose from a retrotransposition of CETN2, an X-linked gene. A previous mouse study shows that CETN1 is expressed solely in the testis, while CETN2 is expressed in all organs. In this work, we show that CETN1 is a new member of the growing group of CTAs. Through the mining of publicly available microarray data, we discovered that human CETN1 expression but not CETN2 or CETN3 is restricted to the testis. In fact, CETN1 is actually down-regulated in testicular malignancies compared to normal testis. Using q-PCR, CETN1 expression is shown to be highly up-regulated in cancer of the prostate and in pancreatic xenografts. Unexpectedly however, CETN1 expression was virtually absent in various cell lines until they were treated with the DNA demethylation agent 5’AZA-2’Deoxycytidine (AZA) but showed no increased expression upon incubation with Histone deacetylase inhibitor Trichostatin-A (TSA) alone. Additionally, like most CTAs, CETN1 appears to be an intrinsically disordered protein which implies that it may occupy a hub position in key protein interaction networks in cancer. Neither CETN1 nor CETN2 could compensate for loss of CDC31 expression in yeast which is analogous to published data for CETN3. This work suggests that CETN1 is a novel CTA with expression in cancer of the prostate and pancreas. In cell lines, the expression is probably regulated by promoter methylation, while the method of regulation in normal adult tissues remains unknown.
Censorship in Children's Literature: What Every Educator Should Know

(1991). Censorship in Children's Literature: What Every Educator Should Know. Childhood Education: Vol. 67, No. 3, pp. 143-148.
New and Emerging Therapies for Parkinson Disease

Few neurological disorders have been more successful in introducing novel therapies than Parkinson disease (PD). However, despite enormous progress, many challenges remain. Although levodopa is still the most effective drug in the symptomatic treatment of PD, adverse effects, particularly motor fluctuations and dyskinesias, limit its usefulness. Furthermore, there is a growing concern about the escalating cost of PD treatment: the cost-benefit aspect of the novel approaches must be balanced against the advantages of long-term experience with established treatments.
The ontogeny of the enzyme systems for the 5'- and 5-deiodination of thyroid hormones in chick embryo liver.

In the chick embryo liver, generation of T3 from T4 by 5′-deiodinating (5′D) systems is reported to be minimal until just before hatching, which occurs on day 21 of incubation. Studies were, therefore, performed to determine whether this is due to the absence of a 5′D system until late in development or to the presence of an active 5-deiodinating (5D) system capable of converting T4 to rT3 and T3 to 3,3′-diiodothyronine. Studies were performed in microsomes of liver from 15 to 21-day-old chick embryos. T3 was formed from T4 in microsomes from embryos at all stages studied provided that the substrate concentration was at least 5 × 10-8 M. However, T4 could not be employed for studying changes in 5′D activity because the T3 formed underwent further degradation, and the T4 was also metabolized by 5D systems. rT3 was used instead, since its metabolism was less complex than that of T4, and Eadie-Hofstee plots of kinetic data were linear. Development was associated with a more than 2-fold increase in the maximu...
Timing is everything for artemisinin action

In Cambodia, the same region where chloroquine resistance developed in the 1950s, a significant delay in the Plasmodium falciparum parasite clearance rates to artemisinins has been persistently observed over the past 5 y, raising the specter of artemisinin “resistance” (1). The parasites in this region have imprints of genetic selection associated with the delay in parasite clearance rates measured by serial patient blood films (2⇓–4). However, the traditional continuous inhibition concentration 50% (IC50) drug assays measured directly with parasites from patient’s blood indicate no significant difference in IC50s (1, 5). In PNAS, Klonis et al. (6) expand upon our knowledge of intraerythrocytic action of artemisinins, in a tour de force of P. falciparum in vitro culture work, by exposing three laboratory isolates to short 1-, 2-, 4-, or 6-h pulses of artemisinins every hour throughout the 48-h life cycle to determine pulse drug IC50. An important unique finding is that an early ring stage that is less than 8-h-old is hypersensitive to artemisinins, and that intrinsic differences preexist among decades-old laboratory P. falciparum isolates not thought to be exposed to the artemisinin drugs before isolation.
Plasma Protein Electrophoresis and Acute Phase Proteins in Koi Carp (Cyprinus carpio) Following Exploratory Coeliotomy

Abstract Measuring plasma protein electrophoresis fractions and plasma concentrations of acute phase proteins (APPs) is commonly used to monitor inflammation and illness in mammalian species, but its use is not widespread in fish species, despite the presence of similar proteins. This study aims to determine plasma protein electrophoresis values for koi carp ( Cyprinus carpio ) and to assess the use of plasma protein electrophoresis and commercially available assays for 3 primary APPs (C-reactive protein, serum amyloid A, and haptoglobin) as markers of inflammation in 13 koi following invasive surgery. Median packed cell volume decreased by nearly 50% but recovered to baseline by 14 days postsurgery. Plasma protein electrophoresis fractions were consistent across the experimental period and did not demonstrate an inflammatory pattern, but electrophoretograms exhibited variation between individual fish. No clinically meaningful changes were observed in the APPs of the test subjects 28 days following surgery. Despite grossly evident inflammation of the incision line, either this surgical procedure did not stimulate a marked systemic inflammatory response, or the available assays are not effective in detecting the acute phase inflammatory response in this fish species.
Social Cognitive Processes Mediating the Relationship Between Exposure to Television's Sexual Content and Adolescents' Sexual Behavior

This study used multiple-group structural equation modeling to test a model explaining the association between exposure to televised sexual content and initiation of intercourse among an ethnically diverse national sample of 1,292 adolescents. The authors hypothesized, on the basis of social-cognitive theory, that exposure to televised sexual content would influence adolescents' safe-sex self-efficacy, sex-related outcome expectancies, and perceived peer norms regarding sex, and that each of these would, in turn, influence intercourse initiation. Findings support a model in which the relationship between exposure to TV's sexual content and intercourse initiation is mediated by safe-sex self-efficacy among African Americans and Whites but not among Hispanics. Outcome expectancies and perceived peer norms may also mediate the link between exposure and intercourse initiation among all 3 racial/ethnic groups, although evidence of this could not be confirmed.
Evaluation of bioremediation strategies of a controlled oil release in a wetland

A controlled petroleum release was conducted to evaluate bioremediation in a wetland near Houston, Texas. The 140-day study was conducted using a randomized, complete block design to test three treatments with six replicates per treatment. The three treatment strategies were inorganic nutrients, inorganic nutrients with an alternative electron acceptor, and a no-action oiled control. Samples were analyzed for petroleum chemistry and inorganic nutrients. These results are discussed in the context of our related research involving toxicology and microbiology at the site during the experiment. To evaluate biodegradation, the targeted compounds were normalized to the conservative compound C3017a ,2 1b-[H]hopane, thus reducing the effects of spatial heterogeneity and physical transport. The two biostimulation treatments demonstrated statistically-higher rates of biodegradation than the oiled no-action control. For the majority of the experiment, target nutrient levels were maintained. Further research may be warranted to optimize these bioremediation strategies as well as evaluating additional treatment strategies for wetlands and other shoreline systems. � 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Positioning Classism Within Counseling Psychology's Social Justice Agenda

Counseling psychologists have been instrumental in advancing a social justice agenda within the larger field of psychology. What is still missing within this agenda, however, is a fully developed consideration of classism within the spectrum of oppressions more commonly addressed in discussions of social justice and multiculturalism. The operations of classism can be difficult to see in a society that has long considered itself to be classless, and for counseling psychologists to undertake this work, they must initiate a deliberate effort to develop their awareness of classism as it affects their theory, research, and practice. In support of this end, the author presents a social justice conceptualization of classism, provides examples of classism at work, and outlines the resulting implications for counseling psychology practice.
Closed-channel block of BK potassium channels by bbTBA requires partial activation

Blockade of large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (BK) channels by the bulky quaternary ammonium compound, N-(4-[benzoyl]benzyl)-N,N,N-tributylammonium (bbTBA), exhibits features consistent with blockade of both closed and open states. Here, we examine block of closed BK channels by bbTBA and how it may differ from block of open channels. Although our observations generally confirm earlier results, we describe three observations that are inconsistent with a model in which closed and open channels are equally accessible to blockade by bbTBA. First, block by bbTBA exhibits Ca2+-dependent features that are inconsistent with strictly state-independent block. Second, the steady-state voltage dependence of bbTBA block at negative potentials shows that any block of completely closed states either does not occur or is completely voltage independent. Third, determination of the fractional unblock by bbTBA at either low or high Ca2+ reveals deviations from a model in which open- and closed-state block is identical. The results support the view that bbTBA blockade of fully closed channels does not occur. We imagine two general types of explanation. First, a stronger voltage dependence of closed-channel block may minimize the contribution of closed-channel block at negative potentials. Second, voltage-dependent conformational changes among closed-channel states may permit block by bbTBA. The analysis supports the latter view, suggesting that bbTBA blockade of fully closed channels does not occur, but the ability of bbTBA to block a closed channel requires movement of one or more voltage sensors. Models in which block is coupled to voltage sensor movement can qualitatively account for (1) the ability of open-channel block to better fit block of conductance–voltage curves at high Ca2+; (2) the voltage dependence of fractional availability; and (3) the fractional unblock at different open probabilities. BK channels appear to undergo voltage-dependent conformational changes among closed states that are permissive for bbTBA block.
A Simple Model for the Deformation Behavior of Tantalum Carbide

The high-temperature hardness of tantalum carbide is linked to the presence of extended stacking faults. Suzuki hardening limited by carbon diffusion is presented as the mechanism which distinguishes tantalum carbide from other carbides with the same structure. Softening is predicted to occur at temperatures near those observed experimentally.
BMI and EAT-26, Predictors for Low BMD?

1. Sonya Sanderson[1][1] 2. Scot Raab[2][2] 3. Peggy Moch[1][1] 1. 1Valdosta State University, GA, USA 2. 2Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, USA 1. Sonya Sanderson, Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Valdosta State University, 1500 N. Patterson St., Valdosta, GA 31698, USA Email: slsanderson{at}valdosta.edu, drssanderson{at}att.net The primary purpose of this study was to characterize bone mineral density (BMD) in healthy adult females in the Southern United States. A secondary purpose was to determine to what extent age, race, body mass index (BMI), and disordered eating contribute to BMD status. Age ranged from 25 to 50 years (39.8 ± 8.5). Race was classified into Caucasian or non-Caucasian. BMI was 28.97 ± 7.85 (kg/m2). The Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) was used to identify disordered eating characteristics. The Alara MetriScan was used to assess BMD values. Regression results showed that the linear combination of three independent variables—age, race, and BMI—predicted 34.5% of the variance in BMD, R 2 = .345, R 2adj = .334, F (3, 170) = 29.87, p < .001. The strongest predictor of low BMD was Caucasian race. [1]: #aff-1 [2]: #aff-2
Predischarge Risk Assessment for Severe Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia

Current approaches to identifying infants at risk of developing severe neonatal hyperbilirubinemia include use of an hour-specific bilirubin nomogram that employs predischarge bilirubin measurements and clinical risk factor assessment that employs multiple factors in clinical prediction rules. Determining the hour-specific total serum bilirubin before discharge has been shown to be the most accurate method for assessing risk of severe hyperbilirubinemia. Combining clinical risk factors and predischarge bilirubin values may offer additional predictive performance above either approach used alone. Current risk assessment strategies need to be validated prospectively in a large and diverse newborn population, and the risk assessment strategies should be paired with recommended actions. Finally, transcutaneous bilirubin and end-tidal carbon monoxide measurements and screening for specific genetic markers of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia have the potential to refine risk assessment strategies further.
GoldMine: automatic assertion generation using data mining and static analysis

We present GoldMine, a methodology for generating assertions automatically. Our method involves a combination of data mining and static analysis of the Register Transfer Level (RTL) design. We present results of using GoldMine for assertion generation of the RTL of a 1000-core processor design that is still in an evolving stage. Our results show that GoldMine can generate complex, high coverage assertions in RTL, thereby minimizing human effort in this process.
Validity of Parental Report of a Child's Medical History in Otitis Media Research

The authors compared parental reports with medical records for 157 children enrolled in a prospective study of chronic otitis media with effusion between 1987 and 1991. Parents completed a questionnaire about the child's past health history, and the research nurse abstracted history information from the clinic's medical record. Previous insertion of a tympanostomy tube (kappa = 0.96) and premature birth (kappa = 0.68) were accurately reported, but there was a substantial proportion of missing data for age at first episode of otitis media, occurrence of otitis media the previous summer, and number of episodes in the previous 18 months. Data were significantly more likely to be missing for male children, children with siblings, and those with more episodes. Parents who reported six or more previous episodes for their child overestimated the number compared with the medical record (8.7 vs. 7.4, respectively; p = 0.01), while those who reported fewer episodes underestimated the number (3.1 vs. 4.6, respectively; p = 0.01). Episodes of otitis media during the 3 months between study visits were also accurately reported (kappa = 0.94). The accuracy and completeness of parental report of the child's health history was influenced by the chronicity of otitis media, the duration of recall, and the seriousness of the event being recalled.
Online and Unplugged: Locating Korean American Teens in Cyberspace

In cyberspace identity is no longer necessarily bound by body or location; cyberspace has the democratic potential to render visible markers, such as race and gender, obsolete. With anonymity one of many possibilities, one's identity becomes an open-ended choice that complicates the types of relationship that are formed online. Although the possibilities of a virtual realm seem limitless, in many ways cyberspace remains intrinsically tied to real places. To ease the gap between the real and the virtual, even the language used to describe Internet interactions (e.g., "communities") and online destinations (e.g., "chat rooms" and "forums") indicates that cyberspace is still fundamentally rooted in real-place dynamics.
Mode of action and resistance studies unveil new roles for tropodithietic acid as an anticancer agent and the γ-glutamyl cycle as a proton sink

While we have come to appreciate the architectural complexity of microbially synthesized secondary metabolites, far less attention has been paid to linking their structural features with possible modes of action. This is certainly the case with tropodithietic acid (TDA), a broad-spectrum antibiotic generated by marine bacteria that engage in dynamic symbioses with microscopic algae. TDA promotes algal health by killing unwanted marine pathogens; however, its mode of action (MoA) and significance for the survival of an algal–bacterial miniecosystem remains unknown. Using cytological profiling, we herein determine the MoA of TDA and surprisingly find that it acts by a mechanism similar to polyether antibiotics, which are structurally highly divergent. We show that like polyether drugs, TDA collapses the proton motive force by a proton antiport mechanism, in which extracellular protons are exchanged for cytoplasmic cations. The α-carboxy-tropone substructure is ideal for this purpose as the proton can be carried on the carboxyl group, whereas the basicity of the tropylium ion facilitates cation export. Based on similarities to polyether anticancer agents we have further examined TDA’s cytotoxicity and find it to exhibit potent, broad-spectrum anticancer activities. These results highlight the power of MoA-profiling technologies in repurposing old drugs for new targets. In addition, we identify an operon that confers TDA resistance to the producing marine bacteria. Bioinformatic and biochemical analyses of these genes lead to a previously unknown metabolic link between TDA/acid resistance and the γ-glutamyl cycle. The implications of this resistance mechanism in the context of the algal-bacterial symbiosis are discussed.
Liapunov Functions and Comparison Theorems

Publisher Summary This chapter highlights Liapunov functions and comparison theorems. The second method of Liapunov is principle method used to study the stability of solutions. This method is used to unify many results on stability and asymptotic behavior. Liapunov's second method involves the construction of a function specially chosen to study the solutions of a system x′ = f(t, x). It is assumed that f(t, 0) = 0, so that x = 0 is a solution. This solution is stable if, given any ∈ > 0, any solution x (t) of the system with sufficiently small | x(0)| exists and obeys | x(t)| < ∈ for 0 ≤ t < ∞. The comparison proves that if all the solutions of the scalar equation are continued for all t, then the same is true for all the solutions of the system.
Development of the Resin Infusion between Double Flexible Tooling process : assessment of the viability of in-mold coating and implementation of UV curing.

As composites gain wider acceptance in all sectors of the economy, new methodologies must be developed to increase their cost effectiveness in manufacturing. The neoteric Resin Infusion between Double Flexible Tooling (RIDFT) process is undergoing modifications to improve its cost-effectiveness by developing methodologies for in-mold coating and the incorporation of UV curing. In-mold coating is desired by the composites industry since it eliminates the current paint process, which is not only laborious and time consuming, but expensive, and presents safety issues. Two methodologies (paint films and coinfusion) for implementing in-mold coating were investigated. It was demonstrated that thermoformable paint films could be used to produce coated RIDFTed components. Coinfusion was also successfully implemented. This work also investigated the feasibility of designing and incorporating a Cure on Demand system into the RIDFT process, using ultraviolet (UV) light for the curing of composite laminates. The objective was to develop a process for the RIDFT that would eliminate or reduce the inflexibility in the current production process, resulting in shortened production cycle times. UV-cured laminates were produced at a fraction of the time required to produce catalyst-cured laminates. Mechanical and material characterization tests were performed on each of the UV-cured laminates produced. Themore » results were referenced against those obtained for laminates produced using a catalyst curing system to determine their overall quality. The UV-cured laminates, after undergoing tensile and rheological thermal tests, were found to have mechanical and material properties comparable, or in a few instances slightly better, than that of thermally cured laminates.« less
Preliminary Field Experiments with Sterile Males for Eradication of the Boll Weevil

During 1962 apholate-sterilized male boll weevils, Anthonomus grandis Boheman, normal males, and virgin untreated females were released in 2 experimental 1-acre plots of cotton in Virginia and Tennessee in the ratio of 20:1:1 in each of 5 uniformly distributed points. In 7 additional weekly releases, about 20 sterile males were placed at each distribution point. Release of the sterile male failed to achieve eradication, possibly because of low competitiveness of the males subjected to this sterilant. In a third experimental plot in Louisiana, 10 gravid females were released and permitted to oviposit for 6 days before the initiation of a sterile-male release program designed to provide an overwhelming number of sterile males at the height of the F1 emergence. A total of 8850 sterile males, released over an 8-week period, prevented or nullified matings between the ensuing F1 males and females. Dissection of ovipsition-punctured squares, collected from the 4th to 11th week after release of sterile males began, failed to yield a larva, pupa, or adult. Proof that eradication was achieved was obtained on the 17th week of the experiment when no egg or feeding punctures were found in 2 examinations of all the squares and bolls on plants in the field. A high ratio of sterile insects was required to achieve eradication, but the experiment established that the sterility principle could be applied for the elimination of a boll weevil population, even when the sterile males used were low in mating competitiveness.
Some sample path properties of a random walk on the cube

Some properties of the set of vertices not visited by a random walk on the cube are considered. The asymptotic distribution of the first timeQ this set is empty is derived. The distribution of the number of vertices not visited is found for times nearEQ. Next the first time all unvisited vertices are at least some distanced apart is explored. Finally the expected time taken by the path to come within a distanced of all points is calculated. These results are compared to similar results for random allocations.
Deficiency of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase. A new mechanism for normotensive pheochromocytomas.

Although the majority of patients with pheochromocytomas have hypertension due to excessive catecholamine secretion from their tumors, occasional patients with these tumors may be normotensive. The case of a 28-year-old normotensive man with bilateral pheochromocytomas is compared with those of four hypertensive patients with pheochromocytomas. The normotensive patient’s tumors contained a large amount of dopamine, a small amount of norepinephrine, and no epinephrine. The pheochromocytomas of the hypertensive patients contained large amounts of dopamine, norepinephrine, and in some tumors, epinephrine. The small quantity of norepinephrine in the pheochromocytomas of the normotensive patient was due to a deficiency of tumor dopamine- β -hydroxylase. The small amount of epinephrine in his pheochromocytomas was due to a deficiency of phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase, as well as a deficiency of the phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase substrate norepinephrine. Many of the electron-dense secretory granules in the predominantly dopamine-containing pheochromocytomas of the normotensive patient had the morphologic appearance of granules of norepinephrine. However, in general, the granules in these tumors were more variable in size and shape, and on the average, tended to be slightly smaller than the granules in one of the predominantly norepinephrine-containing pheochromocytomas from a hypertensive patient which was studied ultrastructurally. The large amount of homo vanillic acid in the preoperative urine, but not the postoperative urine, of the normotensive patient suggests that his tumor was secreting dopamine. The normal excretion of homovanillic acid by the hypertensive patients suggests that their pheochromocytomas did not secrete dopamine. A possible mechanism for the absence of hypertension in patients with pheochromocytomas is a deficiency of tumor dopamine- β -hydroxylase activity, with a resulting increase of dopamine secretion and decrease of norepinephrine secretion.
Reliability of amniotic fluid surfactant measurements.

A proficiency study designed to assess interlaboratory precision of amniotic fluid surfactant measurements is presented. A total of 31 laboratories participated in the study. The assays includes lecithin/sphingomyelin (L/S) ratio test, the measurement of phosphatidyl glycerol (PG), and the Lumadex-FSI® test. L/S ratio values varied from “1.3” to over “5.0” on aliquots derived from the same pool. With only three exceptions, all PG values read as “positive.” The interlaboratory agreement for the Lumadex-FSI assay was excellent. With the exception of two values of “46,” all the other values were with “47” or “48.”
An Implicit Space-Time Spectral Difference Method for Discontinuity Capturing Using Adaptive Polynomials

*† ‡ A new implicit high-order space-time spectral difference method for capturing discontinuities is developed. The proposed method has the following new improvements over the conventional spectral difference method: (1) The method treats time and space in the same fashion and hence allows conservation laws to be satisfied in the coupled space and time coordinates. (2) The method is fully implicit and can be any order of accuracy and therefore it allows a much larger time step to be taken without losing accuracy. (3) The method can be implemented to obtain the solution by using adaptive polynomial refinements. An approach employing a self-adaptive polynomial refinement will be discussed. (4) A new approach for discontinuity-capturing will be discussed. This approach does not require a limiter and unlike the conventional shock capturing schemes, the proposed method resolves discontinuities by polynomial refinements.
Abstract C52: Targeting the obesity/leptin link to TNBC: A breast cancer disparity problem

Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive cancer associated with poor prognosis and is difficult to treat. Standard therapy for TNBC includes a combination of chemotherapeutic drugs: doxorubicin (DOX), paclitaxel (TAX), and cyclophosphamide (CTX). Current epidemiological data show that obesity increases TNBC incidence, which is more relevant for African American women. Recent findings suggest that leptin (an adipokine increased in obesity) is involved in TNBC acquired drug resistance via induction of breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs). Understanding the role of obesity in TNBC is vital to the development of new and effective therapies. Chemotherapeutic drugs exhibit shortcomings that may be due to increased drug resistance, survival, proliferation, and angiogenic signal redundancy induced by leptin. Our lab has developed and tested a novel, specific inhibitor of leptin signaling, LPrA2. A pegylated derivative of LPrA2 (PEG-LPrA2) has previously shown to enhance, 68 fold, LPrA29s bioavailability in mouse breast cancer models. The objective of this study was to determine the adjuvant effects of PEG-LPrA2 on TNBC in vitro. We hypothesized that PEG-LPrA2 can serve as an adjuvant for standard TNBC chemotherapeutics. This adjuvant would allow for the reduction of chemoresistance and TNBC recurrence. It could also reduce chemotherapeutic dose and undesirable side effects associated with standard therapy for the disease. Two human TNBC cell lines were cultured: MDA-MB-231 (highly metastatic) and MDA-MB-468 (minimally invasive). Cellometer imaging technologies were used to determine S-phase progression in cells treated with PEG-LPrA2 and leptin. Flow cytometry technologies were used to determine the effects of leptin on BCSC surface markers. Additionally, in vitro toxicity of PEG-LPrA2 was tested in non-malignant mammary cells (MCF-10A) via MTT assay. Our data shows that leptin (1.2 nM, equivalent to serum levels of overweight individuals) induced S-phase progression and increased BCSC markers and the formation of TNBC tumorspheres. Remarkably, PEG-LPrA2 (1.2 nM) abrogated leptin induction of S-phase, BCSC markers, and tumorspheres. It also showed no toxicity in non-malignant cells. These results suggest leptin-signaling inhibition could be used as an adjuvant strategy for chemotherapy of TNBC. These results are most relevant for obese African American women suffering from TNBC. Citation Format: Courtney D. Dill, Adriana Harbuzariu, Tia L. Harmon, Crystal C. Lipsey, Ayobami Loye, Ruben Rene Gonzalez-Perez. Targeting the obesity/leptin link to TNBC: A breast cancer disparity problem. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eighth AACR Conference on The Science of Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; Nov 13-16, 2015; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2016;25(3 Suppl):Abstract nr C52.
Finite Element Analysis of Descemet's Stripping Automated Endothelial Keratoplasty (DSAEK) Surgery Allograft to Predict Endothelial Cell Loss.

ABSTRACTPurpose: To develop high fidelity finite element (FE) models of the Descemet’s stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK) allograft to estimate the stress distributions generated on the allograft during its deformed state in popular allograft insertion configurations and qualitatively correlate the stress distributions to postsurgical endothelial cell (EC) loss.Materials and Methods: Corneal allograft simulation was performed using ANSYS (Canonsburg, PA, USA) utilizing isotropic nonlinear hyperelastic corneal material properties to evaluate the stress distributions generated on the DSAEK allograft during popular allograft insertion configurations, namely forceps, taco, and double-coil insertion configurations. The gathered FE simulation results were qualitatively compared with published clinical studies to verify the simulation results.Results: The FE simulation results demonstrate that high stress regions predicted by FE model results correctly predict the areas of postsurgical EC loss ...
Constrained-energy cross-well actuation of bistable structures

Bistable structures have two stable equilibrium positions and can be utilized to maintain a specific static shape with no energy consumption. This dissertation focuses on the minimum required energy for performing snap-through of a bistable structure. Snap-through is the motion of a bistable structure from one stable equilibrium position to the other. This research uses the Duffing-Holmes equation as a one-degree-of-freedom representative model of a bistable structure, and this nonlinear equation is solved to calculate the required energy for cross-well oscillation. The research identifies several unique features of the response of a bistable system subjected to force and energy constraints. The research also shows how the required energy for cross-well oscillation varies as a function of damping ratio, frequency ratio, and for different values of excitation force amplitudes. The response of the bistable system is compared to a mono-stable linear system with the same parameters. A magneto-elastic bistable beam was fabricated and tested to validate theoretical predictions.
Thyroid Fine Needle Aspiration

This practical text and color atlas tells the story of 350 patients, covering a wide range of thyroid lesions with high quality composite images that correlate cytology with histology, and radiology with pathology. Each case includes clinical presentation and final pathology. Concise, easy-to-read text enables readers to quickly find the information they need for accurate diagnosis. 'Lookalike' lesions are grouped together so the subtle cytological differences can be appreciated. The author's practical approach explains mistakes made and lessons learned, so diagnostic pitfalls can be avoided. Triage algorithms and over 2000 printed photomicrographs are provided. The print book is accompanied by a CD-ROM offering images in downloadable format. Written by a leading cytopathologist who has performed onsite assessment for over 10,000 ultrasound-guided thyroid fine needle aspirations, this is an important resource for all healthcare professionals dealing with thyroid patients, including cytopathologists, surgical pathologists, cytotechnologists, sonographers, radiologists, endocrinologists and surgeons.
Rethinking the Concept of Sustainability: Hiroshima as a subject of peace education

AbstractThe article discusses a sustainable educational approach for developing a moral value of peace by using a historical event, the bombing of Hiroshima. To make the case, the article uses the care theory of Nel Noddings to discuss the interpersonal aspects of peace education. The article asks how care theory handles tragedies like Hiroshima and it can contribute to a moral value of peace. The idea of caring is also examined, through Hiroshima, from a different angle, of the relationship between nature and human beings. The political position of this article is to expand the idea of sustainability by creating values for peace using material related to the bombing.
Pulsed characterization of a UV led for pulsed power applications

The electrical and optical characteristics of a high power UV LED (365 nm wavelength) were evaluated under pulsed operating conditions for pulsed power applications. Measurements were made over varying pulse width (30 ns–100 μs), current (0 A–250 A), repetition rate (single shot −1 MHz), and temperature (23° C–80° C). Diagnostics used included a calibrated photodiode operating in the linear regime for transient optical power measurements, a grating / high speed ICCD based spectrograph for transient spectral analysis, and multiple 10:1 standard oscilloscope probes configured differentially for electrical measurements. A red shift was observed in the output spectrum of the LED with increasing temperature and increasing pulse-width. LED forward voltage was observed to increase linearly with increasing current (≈ 3.5 V–5.2 V) and decrease with increasing pulse-width. The peak optical power observed was > 13 W and a maximum efficiency of 22 % was observed. The evaluated LED and auxiliary hardware were successfully used as the optical trigger source for a SiC photoconductive semiconductor switch (PCSS) under high impedance conditions.