cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The metaphor of forge in Prowar discourse: The case of 1812

This paper identifies “force” as the master trope of prowar discourse. Attention is focused on its literalization through a process that involves the selection of decivilizing vehicles, the affirmation of threatening expectations, the suggestion of rational demonstrations, and the subversion of competing perspectives. Each of these operations is illustrated in the specific context of the War of 1812, while the discussion as a whole is directed at the general consideration of how prowar arguments are produced from metaphors of force.
FLORAL INDUCTION DOES NOT ALTER THE GROWTH PARAMETERS OF FUCHSIA

Floral induction by night interruption of Fuchsia hybrida cv. Lord Byron, a quantitative longday plant with decussate phyllotaxis and an indeterminate flowering habit, altered neither the rate of leaf initiation nor the rate of leaf expansion; nor did flower initiation and development change the vegetative growth of the plants. This was diagnosed using plastochron duration and plastochron ratio measurements before, during, and after a 10-day induction period. A comparison between indeterminate and determinate flowering is made using these two parameters.
III-V Infrared Research at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory

Jet Propulsion Laboratory is actively developing the III-V based infrared detector and focal plane arrays (FPAs) for NASA, DoD, and commercial applications. Currently, we are working on multi-band Quantum Well Infrared Photodetectors (QWIPs), Superlattice detectors, and Quantum Dot Infrared Photodetector (QDIPs) technologies suitable for high pixel-pixel uniformity and high pixel operability large area imaging arrays. In this paper we report the first demonstration of the megapixel-simultaneously-readable and pixel-co-registered dual-band QWIP focal plane array (FPA). In addition, we will present the latest advances in QDIPs and Superlattice infrared detectors at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory.
Rh and ABO maternal-fetal incompatibility and risk of autism†

We hypothesized that maternal-fetal incompatibility at the Rh or ABO loci may contribute to the risk of autism. There are biologically plausible reasons to believe such effects may play a role, and two previous epidemiologic studies have provided suggestive evidence. To further test this hypothesis, we genotyped the Rh and ABO loci in a sample of 389 independent case-parent trios from the AGRE repository and analyzed the data using a modification of the log-linear model for case-parent trios in which the effects of maternal-fetal genotype incompatibility are modeled jointly with the effects of the affected child's or mother's genotypes. We did not find any evidence that incompatibility at the Rh or ABO loci increases the risk of autism. Furthermore, we did not find any evidence for the presence of a high-risk susceptibility allele at or near these two loci operating either through the mother or child.
Service Delivery and Corruption in Public Services: How Does History Matter?

This paper provides microlevel evidence of how past institutions impact present economic outcomes. It looks at the impact of colonial land tenure institutions on local governance and education outcomes in northern India. Outcomes are worse in villages that belong to areas with a history of concentration of power with the elites. Such areas continue to retain a greater political presence of socially and economically dominant classes. Future research should examine the success of policies that attempt to break such persistence through empowerment of nonelite groups.
Deletion or epenthesis? On the falsifiability of phonological universals

This paper presents a revised typology of consonant epenthesis and explores the theoretical implications of such a typology. Through careful re-analysis, the basis for a proposed universal of coronal preference and dorsal avoidance is shown to be lacking in evidential support. In fact, epenthesis as a verifiable phenomenon – and not just a theory-internal label – is called into question once careful attention is paid to the issue of choosing between epenthesis and deletion as competing analyses of the same data. The ambiguity between multiple possible analyses, and the lack of formal transformations (from ‘data’ to ‘evidence’) are shown to be general problems within phonological theory. Phonological ‘universals’ can be invoked to arbitrate between competing analyses, but when the typological evidence for those ‘universals’ is derived from the same data, a problem of circularity arises. In order to break this closed loop, a quantitative evaluation metric is proposed that is theory-independent with regards to substantive universals. This metric is essentially a statistical threshold for learnability (itself empirically testable) that allows for independent testing of certain theoretical claims.
Stakeholder Collaboration: Implications for Stakeholder Theory and Practice

relationships within these social partnerships. Social part? nerships are collectivities of organizations that come together to solve "messy problems" that cannot typically be solved by an organization acting alone. Such partner? ships represent "social problem-solving mechanisms among organizations from more than one economic sector" (Waddock 1989, p. 79). As an illustrative example, con? sider how the advent of "green" and environmentally friendly products involves the collaboration of organiza? tions across public and private sectors to develop new technologies for the benefit of society. These organizations include investors, suppliers, legislators, government agen? cies, environmentalists, retailers, the media, special interest groups, and local, state, and federal governments, among others (see Mendelson and Polonsky 1995; Polonsky 1995; Stafford and Hartman 1996). Similar examples include the development of biotechnology products, satellite cable TV, and the introduction of the electric car (see Cooper 2000). In other words, multi-sector collaborations present far reaching implications throughout industry supply chains. New technologies and/or whole industries emerge and firms in the commercial sector create new products for new markets. Interorganizational collaboration has been extolled as desirable and even necessary for achieving competitive advance among business organizations (Powell et al. 1996; Stuart 2000). Collaboration among firms enables them to pool resources, capitalize on complementary capabilities, achieve economies of scale, and enhance innovativeness. Additionally, networks with high closure (Burt 2004; Coleman 1988) because of their extensive interconnections facilitate the exchange of information and the development of common norms among partners, which has a long-term, positive effect on performance (Soda et al. 2004). Similar advantages of interorganizational collaboration accrue to partners in not-for-profit and cross-sectoral partnerships (Gray 1989; Huxham 1996; Huxham and Vangen 2005; Provan and Milward 1995; Shortell et al. 2002). Three general factors motivate organizations to seek cross sectoral partners (Gray 1989; Huxham 1996). First, col? laboration allows an organization to achieve something that could not be accomplished in any other way. Second, collaboration helps organizations tackle social or macro environmental problems, which cannot be solved by any single organization acting alone, i.e., the essential reason for social partnerships. Third, organizations may gain an adaptive advantage through collaboration. That is, organi? zations may engage in collaboration as an adaptive G. T. Savage (E) Management, Information Systems, and Quantitative Methods Department, University of Alabama at Birmingham, BEC 319F, 1530 3rd Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294-4460, USA e-mail: gsavage@uab.edu
No Cycling in the Graphs

Abstract A variety of results on the problem of destroying all cycles in a graph by removing sets of vertices of minimum cardinality are presented.
NLDMOS ESD Scaling Under Human Metal Model for 40-V Mixed-Signal Applications

Electrostatic discharge (ESD) robustness of LDMOS (laterally diffused MOS) devices is found to be highly dependent on the type of ESD stress. In particular, the device's ESD robustness does not scale with the device width, and this condition is substantially aggravated during the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) 61000-4-2 stress condition. IEC 61000-4-2 is a system-level ESD standard increasingly being adopted in the industry for ESD robustness assessment at the integrated circuit level. A comprehensive evaluation under the IEC 61000-4-2 stress impacting precision circuit designs is introduced in this letter for variable width LDMOS devices fabricated in a 0.18-μm bipolar-CMOS-DMOS process for 40-V mixed-signal applications.
Experimental studies of trace element partitioning in Ca, Al-rich compositions: Anorthite and perovskite

Using electron probe and ion probe techniques, experimental crystal-liquid partition coefficients (D) have been measured in meteoritic Ca,Al-rich inclusion (CAI) compositions for Mg, Zr, Y, and REEs in anorthite and perovskite. Partitioning data for Ti in anorthite and Al in perovskite are also reported. Where cross-comparisons are possible between electron and ion probe data, agreement is good. Concentration variations in anorthite for many elements are beyond what can be explained by fractional crystallization, but show well-defined interelement correlations which could reflect the temperature dependence of the D values or could result from liquid boundary layers. For anorthite our D values for REEs are lower, and they decrease more rapidly with decreasing ionic radius than most in the literature. Most of the older REE D patterns for plagioclase in the literature are too flat because of insufficient purity of mineral separates or because of analytical problems. New ion probe data for minor and trace elements in anorthite from type B CAIs permit detailed comparisons with fractional crystallization models based on the measured D values. For most comparisons, models and observations do not agree for amounts of crystallization less than 90%. It is possible that anorthite does not appear until after 95% crystallization, compared to about 40% which would be expected from isothermal equilibrium crystallization experiments. The LREEs are highly compatible elements in perovskite, but D values drop sharply for the HREEs, Y, and Zr. D values for REEs increase strongly from air to highly reducing conditions as coupled REE-Ti^(+3) substitutions become possible. Model calculations show that REE patterns in igneous perovskites from CAIs will reflect the D pattern, and the models can explain some REE patterns from compact type A CAIs. However, there are other sets of trace element data for perovskite in CAIs that cannot easily be explained by igneous processes.
Glial cells more than support cells

Glial cells are the most abundant cells in the human brain and have long been considered as passive supporting cells for neurons. In contrast to the extensive studies on various neuronal functions in the nervous system, we still have limited knowledge about glial cells. Recently a number of pioneering studies have provided convincing evidence that glia play active roles in development and function of the central nervous system. This review discusses recent advances in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying glial cell differentiation. We then highlight some of the novel findings about glial function, i.e. the role of glia in synaptogenesis and the intricate relationship between astrocytes and adult neural stem cells. Finally, we summarize the emerging studies that implicate abnormalities in the formation or maintenance of glia leading to severe brain diseases, such as Alexander disease, glioblastoma and multiple sclerosis, and potential therapeutic strategies to tackle these diseases.
Rapid decline in acetylcholine release and content of rat extensor digitorum longus muscle after denervation

Abstract The amount of acetylcholine (ACh) and choline (Ch) in normal and denervated rat extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles, as well as that released spontaneously from these muscles, was determined by an extremely sensitive gas chromatographicmass spectrometric assay method. We found decreases in ACh content and spontaneous, resting ACh release as early as 8 h after denervation. The ACh content decreased to a plateau of 30% of control by 11 h; ACh release attained a plateau of 50% of control several hours later. These results showed that in denervated EDL muscles ACh content and spontaneous release (measured biochemically) decreased before nerve-evoked and spontaneous quantal release (measured physiologically) ceased at most synapses. The rapid reduction in ACh, or possibly in other substances that may be released with ACh, may be an important factor in initiating postsynaptic degenerative changes after nerve transection. Choline content and choline resting release increased significantly at both 1 and 3 days after nerve transection. These increases may be related to onset of postsynaptic neuromuscular degenerative changes.
Physical and genetic structure of the glpK-cpxA interval of the Escherichia coli K-12 chromosome.

Mutations at the cpxA locus of Escherichia coli K-12 affect cellular processes that are not otherwise related. We have now determined the physical and genetic structure of the E. coli chromosome in the region of cpxA (87.5 min). Our results indicate that cpxA is a single gene. Previous studies showed cpxA to be linked to tpiA. We therefore isolated two tpiA+ recombinant plasmids, pRA200 and pRA300, from EcoRI and BamHI digests of F′133, respectively. By genetic complementation or enzyme overproduction, the 9.5 kb EcoRI fragment in pRA200 was shown to include glpK, tpiA and cdh. The 13.6 kb BamHI fragment of pRA300 lacks glpK, but includes tpiA, pfkA and cpxA. Neither fragment complemented a deletion of the rha operon. These data indicate the chromosomal gene order: 87 min-rha-cpxA-pfkA-cdh-tpiA-glpK-88 min. The EcoRI and BamHI fragments overlap in an interval corresponding to about 8.2 kb of DNA. The total region of the E. coli K12 chromosome covered by the two fragments is about 15 kb. A terminal 2 kb EcoRI-BamHI fragment from pRA300 complemented the chromosomal cpxA2[Ts] allele with respect to isoleucine and valine synthesis, RNA bacteriophage sensitivity and surface exclusion in Hfr strains, and envelope protein composition. Complementation occurred when the fragment was subcloned in pBR325 but not when it was subcloned in pBR322, suggesting that the 2 kb fragment lacks expression sequences that are supplied by cat (chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene) expression sequences of pBR325. The cpxA locus on the E. coli chromosome was established with respect to two chromosomal Tn10 insertions by a combination of genetic and physical analyses. The locus established by those analyses was consistent with the location of the 2 kb EcoRI-BamHI fragment in the physical map of the region. Physical analyses of (rha-pfkA) and (rha-tpiA) deletion strains showed that they lack cpxA and surrounding genes. Since these strains were viable, cpxA is not essential under all growth conditions.
Transcatheter Arterial Embolotherapy: A Therapeutic Alternative in Obstetrics and Gynecologic Emergencies

Transcatheter arterial embolization has become a major treatment modality in a variety of clinical applications, including management of bleeding related to a broad spectrum of obstetric and gynecologic disorders. Embolotherapy has a well-documented role in the management of pelvic and genital tract hemorrhage in the postpartum and postoperative/postcesarean setting. It is also an integral part in the treatment armamentarium of abdominal and cervical ectopic pregnancy, arteriovenous malformation, and gynecologic neoplasms, including more recently, uterine leiomyomata. Based on experiences accumulated over the past decades, embolotherapy has been proven to be highly effective with success rate in the 90 to 100% range in the appropriate clinical settings. It provides visualization of the bleeding site and enables targeted, minimally invasive therapy to achieve hemostasis, which allows preservation of the uterus and hence fertility. In hospitals where experienced personnel and technology is available, transcatheter arterial embolization should be considered in the emergent management of obstetric and gynecologic hemorrhage, particularly when local and conservative measures fail to attain hemostasis.
The functional and psychosocial impact of fecal incontinence on women with urinary incontinence.

Abstract Objectives: The study was undertaken to determine the impact of fecal incontinence (FI) on functional status and quality of life in women with urinary incontinence (UI). Study Design: In 24 months 732 women completed a standardized assessment and questionnaire, including the Short Form (SF)-12 and Incontinence Quality of Life (I-QOL) scores. Analysis of variance was used to compare SF-12 scores between groups defined as having UI, FI, or both UI and FI. I-QOL scores in patients with UI or UI and FI were compared by using the Student t test. Results: Of the 732 patients enrolled, 425 patients had either UI (n = 342, 80%), FI (n = 18, 4%), or both (n = 65, 15%). Greater impairment in physical functioning was seen in the group with UI and FI (38.6; P =.027) compared with the group with UI (42.4). Significant decreases in I-QOL scores were seen for the group with UI and FI compared with those with UI ( P Conclusion: Fecal incontinence further reduces the functional status and quality of life of women with urinary incontinence. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 2003;189:127-9.)
Analysis of interactions between nutrient germinant receptors and SpoVA proteins of Bacillus subtilis spores

Yeast two-hybrid and Far Western analyses were used to detect interactions between Bacillus subtilis spores' nutrient germinant receptor proteins and proteins encoded by the spoVA operon, all of which are involved in spore germination and located in the spores' inner membrane. These analyses indicated that two subunits of the GerA nutrient germinant receptor interact, consistent with previous genetic data, and that some GerA proteins interact with SpoVAD and some with SpoVAE. SpoVA proteins appear to be involved in the release of the spore's dipicolinic acid during spore germination, an event triggered by the binding of nutrient germinants to their receptors. Consequently, these new findings suggest that nutrient germinant receptors physically contact SpoVA proteins, and presumably this is a route for signal transduction during spore germination.
Elicitation of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-Specific Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes in Mucosal Compartments of Rhesus Monkeys by Systemic Vaccination

Since most human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections are initiated following mucosal exposure to the virus, the anatomic containment or abortion of an HIV infection is likely to require vaccine-elicited cellular immune responses in those mucosal sites. Studying vaccine-elicited mucosal immune responses has been problematic because of the difficulties associated with sampling T lymphocytes from those anatomic compartments. In the present study, we demonstrate that mucosal cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) specific for simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) and simian HIV can be reproducibly sampled from intestinal mucosal tissue of rhesus monkeys obtained under endoscopic guidance. These lymphocytes recognize peptide-major histocompatibility complex class I complexes and express gamma interferon on exposure to peptide antigen. Interestingly, systemic immunization of monkeys with plasmid DNA immunogens followed by live recombinant attenuated poxviruses or adenoviruses with genes deleted elicits high-frequency SIV-specific CTL responses in these mucosal tissues. These studies therefore suggest that systemic delivery of potent HIV immunogens may suffice to elicit substantial mucosal CTL responses.
Auditory brain stem responses from human infants: Pure‐tone masking profiles for clicks and filtered clicks

The effects of simultaneous pure‐tone maskers on ABR wave V latency and amplitude were examined in three‐month‐old infants as a means of delineating the frequency specificity of these responses in the immature auditory system. Masking profiles at two intensities (60 and 40 dBn HL) were obtained for click, as well as 4000‐ and 1000‐Hz filtered‐click stimuli. Infant profiles, obtained by measuring both latency and amplitude shifts as a result of the discrete‐frequency maskers, were compared to adult data obtained under an identical masking paradigm. Both latency and amplitude analyses showed masking profiles for infants which reveal greater low‐frequency contribution to responses than found in adult profiles. Additionally, the infant profiles reveal clear differences in the degree of high‐frequency spread of masking when comparisons are made to the adult data.
Early neurogenesis in the anterior hypothalamus of the rhesus monkey

The time of formation of neurons of the various nuclei of the anterior hypothalamus of the rhesus monkey has been determined using [3H]thymidine autoradiography. Plotting of heavily radiolabeled nuclei indicate that in the macaque monkey neurons of the hypothalamus are generated during three weeks, between the 27th and 48th day of the 165 gestational period of this species. The individual nuclei generally display two waves of neuronal generation. Furthermore, a caudolateral to rostromedial gradient of neurogenesis has been observed in the supraoptic nucleus and a dorsal to ventral gradient in the paraventricular nucleus. Thus, neurons of the primate hypothalamus are generated at a much earlier stage of gestation and their generation lasts about three times longer than in rodents. However, most of the basic neurogenetic gradients are remarkably similar, in spite of species specific differences in cytoarchitecture of specific nuclei.
Endogenous Arginine-Phenylalanine-Amide-related Peptides Alter Steady-state Desensitization of ASIC1a

The acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) are proton-gated, voltage-insensitive cation channels expressed throughout the nervous system. ASIC1a plays a role in learning, pain, and fear-related behaviors. In addition, activation of ASIC1a during prolonged acidosis following cerebral ischemia induces neuronal death. ASICs undergo steady-state desensitization, a characteristic that limits ASIC1a activity and may play a prominent role in the prevention of ASIC1a-evoked neuronal death. In this study, we found exogenous and endogenous arginine-phenylalanine-amide (RF-amide)-related peptides decreased the pH sensitivity of ASIC1a steady-state desensitization. During conditions that normally induced steady-state desensitization, these peptides profoundly enhanced ASIC1a activity. We also determined that human ASIC1a required more acidic pH to undergo steady-state desensitization compared with mouse ASIC1a. Surprisingly, steady-state desensitization of human ASIC1a was also affected by a greater number of peptides compared with mouse ASIC1a. Mutation of five amino acids in a region of the extracellular domain changed the characteristics of human ASIC1a to those of mouse ASIC1a, suggesting that this region plays a pivotal role in neuropeptide and pH sensitivity of steady-state desensitization. Overall, these experiments lend vital insight into steady-state desensitization of ASIC1a and expand our understanding of the structural determinants of RF-amide-related peptide modulation. Furthermore, our finding that endogenous peptides shift steady-state desensitization suggests that RF-amides could impact the role of ASIC1a in both pain and neuronal damage following stroke and ischemia.
Consumer-directed health plans and the chronically ill

The appropriateness of new consumer-directed health plan (CDHP) benefit designs for people with chronic illnesses has been questioned, but little information exists regarding the experience of chronically ill individuals in CDHPs. To contribute to a better understanding of the experience of people with chronic illnesses in CDHPs, this study analyzed survey and medical claims data from a large public employer that offered a CDHP as well as other benefit options. An analysis of combined survey, administrative records, and medical claims data was conducted for a sample of employees participating in a large public employer’s health benefits plan. The main outcome measures were plan enrollment decision, use of information, plan rating, and spending patterns. Employees with chronic illness are equally likely as other employees to join a CDHP, to understand key plan coverage features, and to report having a particularly positive or negative experience with their plan. However, CDHP enrollees with chronic illnesses assign higher ratings to their plan than do other CDHP enrollees (p < 0.07). They are more likely than other CDHP enrollees to use informational tools (p < 0.05), more likely to anticipate spending all of their savings account dollars (p < 0.05), and more likely actually to spend more than the deductible (particularly for prescription drug expenditures [p < 0.05]). Compared with other CDHP enrollees whose spending exceeds the deductible, enrollees with chronic illnesses spend significantly more on prescription drugs. Even though the CDHP benefit design was generous, relatively few employees chose the CDHP, and the CDHP was no more attractive to employees with chronic illnesses than to other employees. Furthermore, although people with chronic illnesses who chose CDHPs had some understanding of how their health savings accounts (HSAs) would work, they tended to exhaust those accounts and also spend more than the plan’s deductible. There is much more for employers to do if they want CHDP enrollees with chronic illnesses to ‘manage’ their conditions more effectively.
Fast computation of s.a.w. filter responses including diffraction

Penunuri's highly efficient method for computing the frequency response of surface-acoustic-wave (s.a.w.) devices including diffraction effects is improved so that it becomes more flexible and gives even faster computational speed. The method is suitable for applications where the Fresnel and parabolic approximations are appropriate.
Evaluation of high strength, high conductivity CuNiBe alloys for fusion energy applications

Abstract The unirradiated tensile properties for several different heats and thermomechanical treatment conditions of precipitation strengthened Hycon 3HP™ CuNiBe (Cu–2%Ni–0.35%Be in wt.%) have been measured over the temperature range of 20–500 °C for longitudinal and long transverse orientations. The room temperature electrical conductivity has also been measured for several heats, and the precipitate microstructure was characterized using transmission electron microscopy. The CuNiBe alloys exhibit very good combination of strength and conductivity at room temperature, with yield strengths of 630–725 MPa and electrical conductivities of 65–72% International Annealed Copper Standard (IACS). The strength remained relatively high at all test temperatures, with yield strengths of 420–520 MPa at 500 °C. However, low levels of ductility (
Mode coupling in quantized quasi-2D systems

Diffusion and localization in quantized quasi-2D systems with random rough surfaces is discussed. The emphasis is on mode coupling and on comparison of channels with different types of surface correlators. For small size roughness, the shapes of the dependence of the diffusion coefficient D on the channel width L are universal. For large scale roughness, the mode coupling is often suppressed and D(L) becomes very sensitive to the type of surface correlator. Experimentally, this is important for better quality channels and wave guides. The persistent sawtooth dependence D(L) at large correlation length of roughness R, R>L, is a distinct signature of the power-law decay of the Fourier image of the surface correlator while the suppression of the sawtooth behavior points at the exponential decay. Thickness fluctuations with an exponential power spectrum lead to a new type of quantum size effect in transport which is responsible for large-scale oscillations of D(L). In contrast to the usual sawtooth quantum size effect, these oscillations are not related to the quantization directly but resugt from the exponential opening of coupling for modes with small quantum numbers at certain values of L.
A new model for user services: distributed support

During the 1980's, computing has become broadly available on our campuses beyond the traditional technical disciplines. Improvements in networking and data communications have made mainframe computing more accessible to users in the humanities and social sciences. And personal computers have made computing affordable to individuals and resource-poor departments.With the proliferation of computers and access, the user community which we serve has increased manyfold. Gone are the days when user services staff worked with expert users who understood programming and were willing to put up with the idiosyncrasies of a computing environment. Today, most of the computing on campuses relies on commercially available applications — not custom-built programs. While computing systems, particularly on personal computers, have become easier to use, there are still system complexities, advanced application features and new ways of thinking to make use of computing tools which go beyond the experience level (and desire to learn) of most users. Lacking depth of understanding, many computers users only slowly assimilate new methods and discover new applications.How can we deal with this larger and more diverse community effectively? I believe the answer is to establish departmentally-based user services staff balanced by a central staff of experts in areas of general interest on campus. Local staff, with a background and interest in the discipline, bring an understanding of computer technology and the applications to the discipline. In many ways, such a structure is evolving naturally as some people who began using computers as tools in their field became interested in the technology itself. These people are known to others in their departments as the local “expert”, and are consulted informally by others to resolve computing problems. For lack of a common title, we call these people Departmental Computing Coordinators.In this paper, I first discuss an ideal model for distributed support in campus departments. I then discuss how we at Brown are working towards such a model through our Departmental Computing Coordinator Program. I will focus on support for faculty, staff, and graduate students, i.e., those people who are generally associated with a particular unit of a university, and not on student computing.
Nial-rich portion of the NiAl-Cr pseudobinary eutectic system

Differential thermal analysis (DTA) was used to determine the solidus and liquidus surfaces of the iAl-rich portion of the NiAl-Cr pseudobinary system. The results indicate that depressions in thes esurfaces due to Cr are larger than previously suggested and that the solubility of Cr in NiAl when substituted for AI is enhanced. For Cr contents greater than ≈2 at.%, Al-rich alloys exhibit higher solidus temperatures than do Ni-rich alloys.
De novo synthesis of teleocidin B analogs

Teleocidin B analogs have been synthesized in 24 steps and 1.9% overall yield. The key steps include aromatic Claisen rearrangement, intramolecular Heck reaction of a tetra-substituted alkene, and ruthenium (II) catalyzed indole cyclization. Teleocidin and the new analogs promote cell spreading on fibroblast cells that were treated with amino-Nogo, an inhibitor of cell spreading.
Coal vs. Charcoal-fueled Diesel Engines: A Review

Abstract Coal-fired diesel engines utilizing coal-water slurries have been intensively investigated by previous researchers. Specialized coal-water slurries injection equipment was developed to handle the slurries, and hard materials were used to handle the abrasion due to coal ash. Charcoal-based water slurries are shown to result in dramatically reduced engine abrasion problems compared to coal. An economic comparison of charcoal-based water slurries to #2 diesel fuel for fueling diesel engines shows promise for the charcoal-based water sluries diesel fuel. In addition, the potential supply of charcoal is adequate to supply 75% of current diesel fuel consumption.
The nature and fate of punctate (type IV) cavernous malformations.

OBJECTIVE: Four types of cavernous malformations (Types I-IV) have been described on the basis of their magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) appearance. The nature of the Type IV cavernous malformation is unclear. It has been suggested that these small lesions, which are well observed only on gradient echo MRI scans, are capillary telangiectasias, We sought to understand the relationship of Type IV cavernous malformations to the other cavernous malformation subtypes. METHODS: We examined serial MRI scans obtained between 1987 and 2000 from 68 patients with more than 228 cavernous malformations. Sixteen patients harbored Type IV cavernous malformations (total, >114 Type IV lesions). Spin echo T1-weighted, T2-weighted, proton density, and (when available) gradient echo MRI scans were reviewed. Cavernous malformations that met the Zabramski criteria for Type IV (poorly observed on T1-and T2-weighted images) were reviewed in serial scans from individual patients to characterize their radiographic behavior over time. RESULTS: Type IV cavernous malformations were best observed on gradient echo images and have an MRI appearance distinct from capillary telangiectasias. Proton density images demonstrate more Type IV lesions than T1- and T2-weighted images, but far fewer Type IV lesions than gradient echo images. When observed on T1- and T2-weighted images, Type IV cavernous malformations are generally punctate and hypointense. These lesions rarely enhance with gadolinium. Four of the Type IV cavernous malformations observed serially evolved into Type I and Type II cavernous malformations, for an approximate rate of progression of 0.05 per patient year. CONCLUSION: Although most Type IV cavernous malformations remain stable over time, a small subset of these lesions progress into Types I and II cavernous malformations.
Body mass index estimates using a categorical body weight variable: A cross-sectional secondary data analysis

Abstract Background Self-reported weight data have been considered questionable because of under- or over-reporting trends and stigma, especially among females. Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the quality of self-reported categorical weight information used to determine body mass index (BMI) groups among females. Design Cross-sectional secondary data analysis. Settings This study used two datasets: a nurse survey of the Nurses Worklife and Health Study (NWHS) in the 2 US states, and the 2003–2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Participants This analysis included 2203 female nurses in the NWHS and 606 female participants in the NHANES, all of whom aged 22–83 years and were currently employed with at least a college education. Methods BMI groups created using self-reported categorical weight data were compared to those derived from continuous weight responses and to the gold standard: scale measured weight data. Results When using the median values of each weight category, similar distributions of BMI groups were found to those obtained from continuous self-reported responses and direct scaled measures of weight. The groupings derived from the BMI median estimates demonstrated good agreement with those obtained from the directly scaled BMI data and good criterion/construct validity. Conclusions BMI-based weight groups derived from self-reported categorical weight responses demonstrated good psychometric properties when the median value was used to calculate the BMI, and may promote more complete responding, especially among women.
Instabilities in strongly coupled plasmas

The conventional Vlasov treatment of beam-plasma instabilities is inappropriate when the plasma is strongly coupled. In the strongly coupled liquid state, the strong correlations between the dust grains fundamentally affect the conditions for instability. In the crystalline state, the inherent anisotropy couples the longitudinal and transverse polarizations, and results in unstable excitations in both polarizations. We summarize analyses of resonant and non-resonant, as well as resistive instabilities. We consider both ion-dust streaming and dust beam-plasma instabilities. Strong coupling, in general, leads to an enhancement of the growth rates. In the crystalline phase, a resonant transverse instability can be excited.
THE COMPOSITION OF WEIGHT LOST AND THE NITROGEN PARTITION OF TISSUES IN RATS AFTER HYPOPHYSECTOMY1

Ablation of the anterior pituitary gland in rats results not only in growth stasis but commmonly in a marked loss of body weight. In adult animals on their growth plateaus, if ablation is complete and no replacement therapy isinstituted, there occurs an initial sharp fall for a period of a few days, followed by a further progressive slow loss. Such adult animals 2 months after operation commonly show a loss of 20 to 40 per cent of their initial weight. Rats hypophysectomized before their growth plateaus have been reached, especially those weighing 80 to 120 grams, lose a smaller proportion of their original weight. They commonly remain on a plateau after this initial loss and never regain their former weight level. In still younger hypophysectomized rats, up to 80 grams or so, there may be only a slight initial loss in weight, followed by a gradual return and maintenance of the weight close to the original level reached before hypophysectomy.
CARTILAGO CORDIS IN SERPENTS

Background: The cartilago cordis, a cartilaginous element present within the heart, has been found in a number of vertebrates. The present study provides a detailed description and comparative analysis of the cartilago cordis in snakes. Methods:Transverse sections through the hearts of 42 snakes and three monitor lizards were examined. Results: A cartilago cordis was found near the roots of the aortic trunk and pulmonary artery in eleven species of snakes. There is substantial variation in the size, shape, and precise location of the cartilago cordis. Conclusions: The presence of a cartilago cordis does not correlate with body size, taxonomic relationships, or habitat preference. The cartilago cordis may simply represent an illustration of the potential for chondrification that is present in the connective tissue of the aorticopulmonary septum. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Adolescents report television characters do not influence their self-perceptions of body image, weight, clothing choices or food habits

Purpose – Social cognitive theory (SCT) suggests that the observation of role models prompts the formation of beliefs that will govern future behaviors. The paper’s objective is to explore the perceived influence of television media on feelings about eating habits, body image, clothing styles, and physical attractiveness attributes by high schools students in terms of SCT. Design/methodology/approach – Data on attitudes and perceptions were collected using an online survey of a convenience sample of high school students (n ¼ 467) to determine influence of television media characters on behaviors. Findings – The results of this survey suggest that high school students do not indiscriminately model behaviors depicted by television programs, but may selectively incorporate some views that fit with their reality such as the importance of attractiveness in romantic partners, but not influences of clothing styles or eating habits. Research limitations/implications – Recognition of the fictional quality of television characters does not refute that they have influence on the high school respondents, but it does suggest some degree of cognitive recognition about the lack of reality of television characters. The convenience sample of adolescents may be more media-savvy than others because of associations with high-school journalism programs.
Cardiovascular lesions in Swiss mice fed a high fat-low protein diet with and without betaine supplementation.

Young adult mice of an albino stock (Taconic Swiss) were fed a hypolipotropic diet with a fat content (lard) of 28% and 8% protein (casien). The same diet containing betaine hydrochloride (2%) as a lipotropic supplement was fed to one-half the mice. After seven weeks of restriction to these diets (with and without betaine supplementation) pronounced lesions had developed in the hearts. These lesions consisted of myocardial necrosis and thrombi within atrial lumina. The thrombi increased progressively in size, reaching critical and lethal dimensions for 75% of the animals by 13 weeks. Atrial dilatation, as a compensating mechanism, was a typical response. Small foci of myocardial necrosis with calcification and fibrosis were common in the ventricles. All mice surviving for longer than 13 weeks showed the myocardial changes ventricles. All mice surviving for longer than 13 weeks showed the myocardial changes and the thrombosis described above. Mural necrosis was observed in the intramyocardial branches of coronary arteries but thrombosis was infreqent within these vessels. There was extreme weight loss which paralleled the onset and increasing severity of the cardiac lesions. Betaine, as a dietary lipotrope, did not prevent or alter the cardiovascular lesions.
Comparison of cardiovascular effects of pipecuronium versus vecuronium in patients receiving sufentanil anesthesia for myocardial revascularization

Abstract This study was designed to compare the cardiovascular effects of pipecuronium bromide (PIP) to vecuronium (V) when combined with sufentanil (SF) in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery. Eighty-two patients were studied; 40 were normotensive and 42 had hypertension currently controlled by pharmacological therapy. All patients were randomly assigned to receive either intravenous V, 0.12 mg/kg, or PIP, 0.10 mg/kg. Anesthesia was induced with SF, 6 μ/kg, while breathing 100% oxygen. Hemodynamic data including heart rate, mean arterial pressure, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, central venous pressure, cardiac index, systemic vascular resistance, pulmonary vascular resistance, and left ventricular stroke work index were collected at five points: prior to induction, 3 and 6 minutes after the complete administration of PIP or V, and 3 and 6 minutes after intubation. There were no statistical differences in hemodynamic changes associated with either PIP or V. In addition, there were no statistical differences in the hemodynamic parameters measured at the five time points between the normotensive and hypertensioe patient groups. This study demonstrates that there are no significant hemodynamic changes between SF/PIP and SF/V when used during coronary artery surgery. Due to its associated stable hemodynamics, as well as its long duration of action, PIP could become a commonly used muscle relaxant for anesthesia for cardiac surgery.
A running time improvement for the two thresholds two divisors algorithm

Chunking algorithms play an important role in hash-based data de-duplication systems. The Basic Sliding Window (BSW) algorithm is the first prototype of a content-based chunking algorithm that can handle most types of data. The Two Thresholds Two Divisors (TTTD) algorithm was proposed to improve the BSW algorithm by controlling the chunk-size variations. We conducted a series of systematic experiments to evaluate the performances of these two algorithms. We also proposed a new improvement for the TTTD algorithm. Our new approach reduced about 6% of the running time and 50% of the large-sized chunks, and also brought other significant benefits.
Oxidation behavior of graphene nanoplatelet reinforced tantalum carbide composites in high temperature plasma flow

Abstract Graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) reinforced tantalum carbide (TaC) composites are exposed to a high temperature plasma flow in order to evaluate the effects of GNP on the oxidation behavior of TaC at conditions approaching those of hypersonic flight environments. The addition of GNP is found to suppress the formation of the oxide layer by up to 60%. The high thermal conductivity of GNPs dissipates heat throughout the sample thereby reducing thermal gradients and reducing the intensity of heating at the surface exposed to plasma. In addition, GNPs enhance oxidation resistance by providing toughening which suppresses crack formation and bursting that accelerates oxidation. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) reveal that GNPs have the ability to survive the intense high temperature of the plasma. GNPs are believed to seal oxide grain boundaries and hinder the further influx of oxygen. GNPs also provide nano sized carbon needed to induce the localized reduction of Ta2O5 to TaC. Micro computed X-ray tomography (MicroCT) validates that the above mechanisms protect the underlying unoxidized material from the structural damage caused by thermal shocks and high shear forces, by reducing thermal gradients and providing toughness.
A Large 3D Swept-Volume Video Display

The demand and applications for three-dimensional (3D) display systems is rapidly increasing. Many innovative, truly 3D display technologies have recently been developed, particularly those in the category of volumetric displays. However, currently no large format displays can produce true 3D images. They are either two-dimensional (2D) displays and represent the third dimension using well known techniques of shading and shadowing, or they are not full parallax displays and require the viewer to wear special head gear. There are many applications for large, truly 3D displays including billboards, kiosks, theaters, medicine, radar imaging, military and entertainment. To meet these growing applications, we introduce a large swept-volume display (LSVD) that is capable of displaying full-motion 3D video. The LSVD is comprised of several rotating panels; each rotating panel contains several image panes, and each image pane contains a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) that controls light-emitting diodes (LEDs). The rotating panels fill the volume of a cylinder that makes up a column of the display. The derivation of parameters for the arrangement of columns and the overlapping regions between the columns is also presented. In addition, an image partitioning algorithm that partitions the full image into the LSVD columns is provided along with the original circuit designs of a rendering algorithm for providing real-time, full-motion 3D video for SVDs.
DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE-INDUCED PEROXISOME PROLIFERATION IN THE RAT : EVALUATION OF SEX DIFFERENCES

Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is a newly identified peroxisome proliferator that causes hepatomegaly, peroxisome proliferation, and induction of peroxisome-associated enzymes in rats and mice, and hepatocellular carcinomas in rats. In the present study, we have systematically analyzed sex differences and the effect of castration on DHEA-induced peroxisome proliferation in male and female rats, since no information is available on this subject. DHEA was fed in diet at a concentration of 0.45% for 2 weeks and livers were analyzed for hepatomegaly, peroxisome volume density, peroxisome proliferator associated Mr 80,000 polypeptide (PPA-80), and enoyl-CoA hydratase/3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (PBE) mRNA. Both intact and castrated rats showed similar response to DHEA characterized by increased peroxisome volume density, PBE mRNA, and PPA-80. Significant difference was observed in the liver weights between castrated and intact animals in both the sexes. Castrated rats that received DHEA had 20%-30% more liver weight than DHEA-administered intact rats. These results clearly indicate that peroxisome proliferative effect of DHEA is not influenced by sex hormones and it is equally potent in both males and females.