cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mixed domain analysis of MIMO dynamic interactions

In this paper, a mixed domain interpretation is given for the participation matrix, a MIMO complexity reduction strategy based upon gramians. It is shown that dominant dynamic interactions in stable MIMO linear systems can be captured using a time domain characterisation and, via Parseval, a frequency domain interpretation. The approach can be applied to stable continuous-time, as well as discrete-time MIMO systems. It provides support for decisions on plant model reduction, and consequently on controller structure selection and policy making. Moreover, the time-domain result is exploited to obtain a participation matrix estimate directly from input-output data.
Tree dependence analysis

We develop a new framework for analyzing recursive methods that perform traversals over trees, called tree dependence analysis. This analysis translates dependence analysis techniques for regular programs to the irregular space, identifying the structure of dependences within a recursive method that traverses trees. We develop a dependence test that exploits the dependence structure of such programs, and can prove that several locality- and parallelism- enhancing transformations are legal. In addition, we extend our analysis with a novel path-dependent, conditional analysis to refine the dependence test and prove the legality of transformations for a wider range of algorithms. We then use these analyses to show that several common algorithms that manipulate trees recursively are amenable to several locality- and parallelism-enhancing transformations. This work shows that classical dependence analysis techniques, which have largely been confined to nested loops over array data structures, can be extended and translated to work for complex, recursive programs that operate over pointer-based data structures.
Stability of thyrotropin in the rat pituitary gland after death.

The pituitary content of thyrotropin in male rats was measured from 1.5 min to 6 days after decapitation using a modification of the McKenzie mouse bio-assay. TSH content and concentration did not decline significantly for 48 hr at room temperature (20–24 C) or for6 days at 2 C, but did fall on the fourth day at room temperature. A possible explanation for the stability of the hormone after death may be maintenance of separation of TSH within secretion granules from autolytic proteases within lysosomes. (Endocrinology 80: 302, 1967)
Alternative Trust Sources: Reducing DNSSEC Signature Verification Operations with TLS

DNSSEC has been in development for 20 years. It provides for provable security when retrieving domain names through the use of a public key infrastructure (PKI). Unfortunately, there is also significant overhead involved with DNSSEC: verifying certificate chains of signed DNS messages involves extra computation, queries to remote resolvers, additional transfers, and introduces added latency into the DNS query path. We pose the question: is it possible to achieve practical security without always verifying this certificate chain if we use a different, outside source of trust between resolvers? We believe we can. Namely, by using a long-lived, mutually authenticated TLS connection between pairs of DNS resolvers, we suggest that we can maintain near-equivalent levels of security with very little extra overhead compared to a non-DNSSEC enabled resolver. By using a reputation system or probabilistically verifying a portion of DNSSEC responses would allow for near-equivalent levels of security to be reached, even in the face of compromised resolvers.
Enzymatic hydrolysis of lime-pretreated corn stover and investigation of the HCH-1 Model: inhibition pattern, degree of inhibition, validity of simplified HCH-1 Model.

Abstract The inhibition pattern was identified for a reaction system composed of Trichoderma reesei cellulase enzyme complex and lime-pretreated corn stover. Also, the glucose inhibition effect was quantified for the aforementioned reaction system over a range of enzyme loadings and substrate concentrations. Lastly, the range of substrate concentrations and enzyme loadings were identified in which the linear form of the simplified HCH-1 Model is valid. The HCH-1 Model is a modified Michaelis–Menton Model with non-competitive inhibition and the fraction of insoluble substrate available to bind with enzyme. With a high enzyme loading, the HCH-1 Model can be integrated and simplified in such a way that sugar conversion is linearly proportional to the logarithm of enzyme loading. A wide range of enzyme loadings (0.25–50 FPU/g dry biomass) and substrate concentrations (10–100 g/L) were investigated. All experiments were conducted with an excess cellobiase loading to ensure the experimental results were not influenced by cellobiose inhibition. A non-competitive inhibition pattern was identified for the corn stover–cellulase reaction system, thereby validating the assumptions of the HCH-1 Model. At a substrate concentration of 10 g/L, glucose inhibition parameters of 0.986 and 0.979 were measured for enzyme loadings of 2 FPU/g dry biomass and 50 FPU/g dry biomass, respectively. At 5 FPU/g dry biomass, glucose inhibition parameters of 0.985 and 0.853 were measured for substrate concentrations of 10 and 100 g/L, respectively. The linear form of the HCH-1 Model predicted biomass digestibility for lime-pretreated corn stover over an enzyme loading range of 0.25–50 FPU/g dry biomass and substrate concentration range of 10–100 g/L.
Preoperative Predictors of Length of Hospital Stay and Discharge Disposition Following Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty at a Military Medical Center

ABSTRACTObjective: The objective of this study is to retrospectively review the preoperative data compared to the patient's length of hospital stay (LOHS) and discharge disposition to home or a skilled nursing facility (SNF) following primary total knee arthroplasty. Methods: Preoperative data on 383 patients included year and day of the week of the surgery, patient age, body mass index (BMI), American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class, and gender. Results: Mean LOHS for all patients was 4.35 days. Three hundred and twenty-eight patients were discharged to home and 55 patients were discharged to a SNF. Factors found to be statistically significant with increased LOHS were increased age, increased ASA class, decreased BMI, and year of admission before instituting a “pathway” program. Factors significant for discharge to a SNF were increased age and ASA class. Conclusion: Older patients with higher ASA class have longer LOHS and increased discharges to a SNF. Patients whose surgery was performed afte...
Bridge leadership: a case study of leadership in a bridging organization

Purpose – The purpose of this research is to examine leadership in an intermediary organization whose mission is to facilitate collaboration between large corporations and their smaller suppliers, a bridging organization.Design/methodology/approach – A qualitative approach using a single case revelatory method was adopted. Data were collected from a bridge leader as well as 20 executives of companies involved in the collaboration.Findings – The analysis revealed that the successful bridge leader tended: to build personal relations and goodwill as a way of creating personal obligations on the part of the stakeholders he led; championed the cause of the stakeholders and made their mission his/her own; created opportunities for individual and collective goal achievement; relied on symbolic behavior and ceremonies to reify the bridge mission; and engaged in frequent communication with a liberal use of humor and playfulness to make goals embraceable by the stakeholders in the collaboration.Research limitations...
The ice/water interface

Abstract The TIP4P model of water is used to simulate the ice/water interface. A stable interface is constructed with the basal plane of ice 1h exposed to liquid water. Density and orientation profiles, and diffusion constants, are calculated as a function of the distance perpendicular to the interface.
Shock facilitation of taste aversion learning.

A marked interaction is demonstrated between two classes of unconditioned stimuli (UCSs), illness and footshock, that were compounded in a taste aversion learning procedure. Both acquisition and resistance to extinction were greatly facilitated by training with a compound shock and illness UCS despite the observation that the shock UCS was not an effective aversive UCS when used alone in this training situation: Shock alone resulted in increased, not decreased, consumption of the taste solution with which it was paired.
Modeling of a Zeolite Column for the Removal of Fission Products from Molten Salt

During electrorefining of spent nuclear fuels, fission products, and actinides accumulate in the LiCl−KCl electrolyte salt. From the standpoint of high-level waste minimization, it is advantageous ...
Cockroach allergy and asthma in a 30-year-old man.

National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (AI39769, AI35786); National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL03062)
Experimental and modeling studies of the fate of organic contaminants in the presence of alfalfa plants

Abstract Experimental investigations were carried out in the laboratory to study the impact of vegetation in bioremediating soil and groundwater contaminated with hazardous organic substances. A chamber consisting of two U-shaped channels, each 1.8 m in length, 10 cm in width, and 35 cm in depth, was set up. The channels were packed with fine sandy soil collected from near a landfill. Alfalfa plants were grown in the channels under laboratory conditions for nearly two years. The water fed to the plants in one channel was contaminated with toluene solution at saturated concentrations at 26°C. Plants in the other channel were fed with water contaminated with phenol solution at 500 ppm (v/v). The contaminant concentrations in the groundwater were monitored at sampling wells located along each of the channels. The influent and effluent flow rates from each channel were recorded daily. Evapotranspiration significantly influenced the fate of the pollutants. Dispersion and adsorption processes in the channel were studied separately, by introducing bromide tracer as a broad pulse into the toluence fed channel, and by observing the washout of toluene and phenol contaminants following a feed step change to pure water. Tracer studies indicated that short-circuiting at the U-bend of the channel was quite significant. Previously developed models which described the fate of contaminants in variably-saturated soils in the presence of vegetation are employed to simulate the fate of these hazardous organic substances in the laboratory chamber.
Experimental retrieval of the kinetic parameters of a dye in a solid film

Effects of a solid matrix on the dye kinetic parameters for Rh800 were experimentally studied. Saturation intensity dependencies were measured with a seeding pulse amplification method using a picosecond and a femtosecond white light supercontinuum source. The kinetic parameters were obtained by fitting experimental dependencies with Yee’s finite-difference time-domain model coupled to the rate equations of the 4-level Rh800-system. The comparison of these parameters (Rh800-solid host) with liquid host parameters revealed a slight change of the radiative lifetime and a strong change of the non-radiative decay rate. This experimentally determined model enables predictive simulations of time-domain responses of active metamaterials.
Biology of Graminella nigrifrons (Homoptera: Cicadellidae), a Vector of Corn (Maize) Stunt Virus

Under experimental conditions, the length of time from oviposition to adult emergence for the black-faced leafhopper, Graminella nigrifrons (Forbes), is 30–37 days. Different specimens may have 4, 5, or 6 nymphal instars, but 5 is usual. Adults live about 30 days, with the females producing 10–23 eggs during this time. The species bred freely on several small grains, grasses, sorghums, and maize. The studies confirm field observations that there are at least 2 overlapping broods of the insect annually. Literature covering nomenclature, host plants, and distribution of the insect is reviewed. The synonomy of the species is given. Detailed data of the stadia of the life cycle, fecundity, and experimental plant host range are presented. Field biology is discussed and the various developmental forms are figured.
Breast aspiration biopsy with multihole needles for histologic and cytologic examination

Abstract Multihole needle biopsy has been performed on 166 patients. Commercially available 22-, 20-, 18-, and 16-gauge hypodermic needles (40 to 75 mm in length) are prepared with three sharp-edged holes around the distal part of the needle, allowing aspiration of 3 to 6 ml or more of tissue, for both histologic and cytologic examination. Of patients with carcinoma, fibrocystic disease, fibroadenoma, intraductal proliferation (papillomatosis), and duct ectasia, multhole needle cytologic examination is significantly more accurate (35% to 83%) than single-hole needle examination (11% to 67%). Multihole needle histologic examination, however, is far more accurate, with diagnostic success ranging from 75% to 94% for the disorders described above. The procedure has several uses. For patients with isolated fibrocystic areas, duct ectasia, or papillomatosis, multihole needle biopsy not only is diagnostic but may also be therapeutic by virtue of removal of abnormal tissue by aspiration. Biopsies of areas of microcalcification can be obtained under x-ray control. In patients at high risk of breast cancer (carcinoma in mother and/or sister), breast aspiration is performed when the slightest suspicion arises. In patients with unilateral breast cancer at high risk of bilateral carcinoma (premonopausal breast cancer, lobular carcinoma, tubular carcinoma, family history of breast cancer), random needle biopsy is performed in the contralateral breast for cancer detection. Furthermore, during follow-up of breast cancer patients, biopsies of locoregional changes or suspicious areas in the contralateral breast are obtained with the multihole needle for diagnostic evaluation. Thus multihole needle biopsy represents an improvement over the single-hole needle currently used, with enough tissue provided for adequate initial diagnosis and follow-up diagnostic evaluations in patients with benign and malignant breast disease.
Molecular cloning, overexpression, and an efficient one-step purification of α5β1 integrin

Abstract The α5β1 integrin heterodimer is involved in many cellular processes and is an anti-cancer therapeutic target. Therefore, access to quantities of protein suitable for studies aimed at understanding its biological functions is important. To this end, a large-scale protein expression system, utilizing the recombinant baculovirus/SF9 insect cell expression system, was created to produce the extracellular domain of the α5β1 integrin. An incorporated 8X-histidine tag enabled one-step nickel-column purification. Following sequence confirmation by LC–MS/MS, the conformation of the heterodimer was characterized by native dot blot and negative stain electron microscopy. Cellular transduction inhibition studies confirmed biological activity. The system allows expression and purification of α5β1 integrin in quantities suitable for an array of different experiments including structural biology.
Association between health literacy and HIV treatment adherence: further evidence from objectively measured medication adherence.

Background. People with lower-health literacy are vulnerable to health problems. Studies that have examined the association between literacy and medication adherence have relied on self-reported adherence, which is subject to memory errors, perhaps even more so in people with poor literacy. Purpose. To examine the association between health literacy and objectively assessed HIV treatment adherence. Methods. Men and women (N = 145) receiving antiretroviral therapy completed a test of health literacy and measures of common adherence markers. Medication adherence was monitored by unannounced pill counts. Results. Median adherence was 71%; participants with lower-health literacy also demonstrated poorer adherence compared to participants with higher literacy. Hierarchical regression showed literacy predicted adherence over and above all other factors. Sensitivity tests showed the same results for 80% and 90% adherence. Conclusions. The association between literacy and adherence appears robust and was confirme...
Minimalistic control of a compass gait robot in rough terrain

Although there has been an increasing interest in dynamic bipedal locomotion for significant improvement of energy efficiency and dexterity of mobile robots in the real world, their locomotion capabilities are still mostly restricted on flat surfaces. The difficulty of dynamic locomotion in rough terrain is mainly originated in the stability and controllability of gait patterns while exploiting the natural mechanical dynamics of the robots. For a systematic investigation of the challenging problem, this paper presents the simplest control architecture for the compass gait model which can be used for locomotion in rough terrain. Locomotion of the model is mainly achieved by an open-loop oscillator which induces self-stabilizing gait patterns, and we test the proposed control architecture in a real-world robotic platform. In addition, we also found that this controller is capable of varying stride length with a minimum change of control parameters, which enables locomotion in rough terrains. By using these basic principles of self-stability and gait variability, we extended the proposed controller with a simple sensory feedback about the location in the environment, which makes the robot possible to control gait patterns autonomously for traversing a rough terrain. We describe a set of experimental results and discuss how the proposed minimalistic control architecture can be enhanced for dynamic locomotion control in more complex environment.
Transcultural comparison of hospital and hospice as caring environments for dying patients.

Leininger's nursing Theory of Cultural Care Diversity and Universality provided the framework for this comparative study of two environments for persons who are dying; namely a hospital oncology un...
Current technique of tubularized incised plate hypospadias repair.

Abstract Introduction. Tubularized incised plate urethroplasty has now been successfully applied to all varieties of hypospadias. Given this versatility and the good cosmetic outcomes, the operation has achieved widespread popularity. We review important technical aspects of the repair. Technical Considerations. Key steps include preservation of the urethral plate during correction of the ventral curvature, midline incision of the plate for urethroplasty, and subsequent glansplasty. Lessons learned from personal and published experiences are emphasized. Conclusions. Tubularized incised plate urethroplasty is currently one of the most popular techniques for hypospadias repair. Attention to important surgical details is needed to obtain optimal functional and cosmetic results.
MODELING VARIABILITY IN TORSO SHAPE FOR CHAIR AND SEAT DESIGN

Anthropometric data are widely used in the design of chairs, seats, and other furniture intended for seated use. These data are valuable for determining the overall height, width, and depth of a chair, but contain little information about body shape that can be used to choose appropriate contours for backrests. A new method is presented for statistical modeling of three-dimensional torso shape for use in designing chairs and seats. Laser-scan data from a large-scale civilian anthropometric survey were extracted and analyzed using principal component analysis. Multivariate regression was applied to predict the average body shape as a function of overall anthropometric variables. For optimization applications, the statistical model can be exercised to randomly sample the space of torso shapes for automated virtual fitting trials. This approach also facilitates trade-off analyses and other the application of other design decision-making methods. Although seating is the specific example here, the method is generally applicable to other designing for human variability situations in which applicable body contour data are available.
Does Gender Matter in Personality Psychology

In this essay, we assess whether gender is important to personality in the eyes of mainstream personality psychologists and in the eyes of feminist psychologists. We discover that these two perspectives are in fact widely divergent. Most research on personality published today in top-tier ‘mainstream’ personality journals does not take gender seriously. Moreover, frequently-used textbooks on personality – whether focused on theories or themes – pay little attention to issues of gender. In contrast, most research on personality published in journals focused on the psychology of women and gender treats gender as an important feature of personality. In that research, gender is fully theoretically integrated into the research, testable hypotheses are developed, and analyses include considerable attention to gender. The current segregation of perspectives on the relevance of gender to personality strikes us as deeply problematic for progress in developing a complete picture of personality in context.
Implementation of a school environment intervention to increase physical activity in high school girls

Physical activity levels begin to decline in childhood and continue falling throughout adolescence, with girls being at greatest risk for inactivity. Schools are ideal settings for helping girls develop and maintain a physically active lifestyle. This paper describes the design and implementation of 'Lifestyle Education for Activity Program', or LEAP. LEAP used a health team approach with participatory strategies to provide training and support, instructional capacity building and opportunities to adapt school instructional program and environmental supports to local needs. The social-ecological model, based on social cognitive theory, served as the organizing framework for the LEAP intervention and elements of the coordinated school health program model as intervention channels. For the 12 intervention schools, LEAP staff documented 191 visits and interactions with 850 individuals over the 2-year period. Teachers reported successful implementation of most components of the intervention and demonstrated optimism for sustainability. These results indicate that a facilitative approach to intervention implementation can be used successfully to engage school personnel, and to change instructional programs and school environments to increase the physical activity level of high school girls.
The influence of temperature on the plastic deformation of polyethylene

Temperature influences the attainable draw ratio, the transparency of the drawn material, the long period and the intensity distribution in the small angle X-ray diffraction pattern. Drawing at or below 80°C yields a first order small angle maximum with relatively large lateral width indicating a variation of lamellar surface orientation between 90° and 45° to the draw direction. Drawing above 80°C reduces the lateral width of the first order maximum and leads to the appearance of the second order. The thermal history of the starting material, quenched, slowly cooled, or annealed, affects the draw behavior. The long period, however, seems to be independent of the physical conditions of the initial sample. At 60°C, for instance, the drawing of polyethylene samples with a long period of 195, 250, 290, 310, and 380 A yields a material with long periods between 170 and 180 A. Annealing drawn samples produces observable changes even at 90°C. At temperatures below 120°C annealing for 100 min yields long periods slightly below those for samples drawn at the same temperature. At 120°C and above the drawing and annealing show nearly the same long period. Annealing also greatly increases the intensity of the X-ray small angle reflections, but at temperatures below 120°C causes only minor changes in the lateral width of the same reflections.
The development of the chorio‐allantoic placenta of the African scaly‐tailed squirrels (family Anomaluridae)

The affinities of the isolated rodent family Anomaluridae are unknown. Both sciuromorphous and specialized features characterize its placental morphology. A shallow preplacenta consists of inner cytotrophoblastic and outer syncytiotrophoblastic layers. The early chorio-allantoic placenta consists of the following zones: a hemochorial zone of interconnected trabeculae, lined with outer syncytiotrophoblastic and inner cytotrophoblastic layers; anchoring trabeculae attached to a zone of decidual giant cells, with the giant cells gradually disappearing in later stages; a zone of acidophilic, PAS-positive necrotic material underlying the giant cells; and a zone of decidua basalis underlying the necrotic zone and probably contributing to it. An allantoic vesicle lies on the surface of the early placenta; it is reduced in later stages. The bilaminar omphalopleure persists, and it is attached to the margins of the placental disc. The fetal membranes of Anomalurus are most similar to those of sciuromorphs, Pedetes and Ctenodactylus; this may be the result of primitive retentions.
Urinary Calculi in Aviation Pilots: What is the Best Therapeutic Approach?

ABSTRACTPurpose: We reviewed treatment outcomes in a series of aviation pilots treated in the era of modern surgical techniques and provide recommendations regarding treatment in this unique group.Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the records of all aviation pilots surgically treated for urinary calculi at our 4 tertiary stone centers from January 1988 to June 2000. Preoperative data and postoperative results were evaluated. Primary outcome measures included stone-free status after initial therapy, time lost from work and overall stone-free rates. Secondary outcome measures included the need for secondary procedures and complications.Results: Of the 36 patients 17 had renal and 19 had ureteral stones. In 4 patients the stones passed spontaneously, while 17 were initially treated with extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) (Dornier Medical Systems, Marietta, Georgia), 9 were initially treated with ureteroscopy and 6 were treated with percutaneous nephrolithotripsy. There was 1 compli...
A framework for designing optimal Hough transform implementations

This paper develops the theory underlying the generalised Hough transform (GHT), with the aim of minimising computational load. The approach adopted aims to offset the extra load resulting from use of complex features by the reduced PSF voting dimensionality they incur. Calculations show that naive application of this idea results in a worst-case solution, but further studies reveal a number of systematic means of overcoming the problem. Of particular importance is the need to skim past unsuitable complex features, and to limit the number of features employed, to avoid diminishing returns in the accuracy achieved. Overall, the paper provides a unified view of means for reducing the computational load of the GHT. >
Renewable Resource Shocks and Conflict in India's Maoist Belt

Is there a causal relationship between shocks to renewable natural resources, such as agricultural and forest lands, and the intensity of conflict? In this paper, we conduct a rigorous econometric analysis of a civil conflict that the Indian Prime Minister has called the single biggest internal security challenge ever faced by his country, the so-called Maoist conflict. We focus on over-time within-district variation in the intensity of conflict in the states where this conflict is primarily located. Using a novel data set of killings, we find that adverse renewable resource shocks have a robust, significant association with the intensity of conflict. A one standard deviation decrease in our measure of renewable resources increases killings by 12.5 percent contemporaneously, 9.7 percent after a year, and 42.2 percent after two years. Our instrumental variables strategy allows us to interpret these findings in a causal manner.
Role of first‐order consumers in ecosystem carbon flow

Herbivores and detritus consumers (i.e. microbial decomposers and invertebrate and vertebrate detritivores) are pivotal components of trophic food webs and thus play a paramount role in the trophic transference and turnover of producer-fixed carbon. Hence, elucidating patterns in carbon flux through these first-order consumers is important to understand the nature and controls of carbon flow in ecosystems. Here, using the largest literature compilation to date, I show that, in contrast with the current belief, aquatic herbivores accumulate on average three times as much biomass as do terrestrial herbivores for a given level of primary production and, as a consequence, turn over the ingested carbon only slightly faster than do terrestrial herbivores. Conversely, aquatic detritus consumers generally accumulate a much lower biomass (i.e. over ten times lower) than their terrestrial counterparts for a given level of primary production and, thus, they turn over the ingested carbon much more quickly (i.e. over ten times faster). Because the detrital pathway generally dominates the trophic flow of carbon in both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, carbon also tends to flow through the total compartment of first order-consumers (both herbivores and detritus consumers) at a much faster rate in aquatic than in terrestrial ecosystems. Thus, aquatic systems, because of faster carbon recycling rates through their basal and first-order levels of the food chain, appear to have a lower capacity than do terrestrial systems for retaining carbon under natural or anthropogenic increases in photosynthetic fixation.
Moderators and Predictors of Clinical Outcome in a Randomized Trial for Behavior Problems in Pediatric Primary Care

All correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to David J. Kolko, PhD, Western PsychiatricInstitute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3811 O’Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213,USA. E-mail: kolkodj@upmc.eduReceived April 30, 2010; revisions received January 18, 2011; accepted January 19, 2011Objectives To evaluate putative moderator, predictor, and treatment parameter variables in relation to threeoutcomes in a clinical trial that compared a modular protocol for on-site, nurse-administered intervention(PONI) and enhanced usual care (EUC) for pediatric behavioral problems in primary care.Methods Patients were 163 clinically referred children for behavior problems in six primary care offices.PONI consisted of seven treatment modules adapted from prior treatment trials with this population, where-as EUC involved a facilitated referral to a community provider. Outcome measures were based on standard-ized scales reflecting one parent-rated aggregate (child dysfunction) and one child-rated aggregate (childhealth), and diagnostic interviews with both informants (remission in oppositional defiant disorder).Results Moderator analyses revealed that PONI was more effective than EUC in reducing child dysfunctionby 12-month follow-up among Caucasian children, whereas EUC was more effective than PONI amongnon-Caucasian children. In the full sample, child health improvement was predicted by the severity of thechild’s depression and anxiety, and level of family conflict. Duration of child exposure to cognitive-behavioraltreatment in PONI was related to greater improvement in overall child health, but other treatment parameterswere unrelated to outcome. Conclusions These few significant relationships notwithstanding the findingsindicate that the two treatments had robust effects on several outcomes and across selected child, parent,family, and treatment variables. The findings extend efforts to incorporate mental health services in pediatricpractice.Key words behavior problems; clinical referral; disruptive behavior disorders; on-site mental health services.
Prototyping Multi-Transceiver Free-Space Optical Communication Structures

Wireless networking has conventionally been realized via radio frequency (RF) based communication technologies. However, the capacity of these networks are limited by the availability of the RF spectrum. Free-Space-Optical (FSO) communication has the potential to deliver wireless communication links at optical-level speeds. Although it has the advantage of high-speed modulation, maintenance of line-of-sight (LOS) between transceivers during an on-going transmission is an important issue since FSO transmitters are highly directional. In this paper, we present a prototype implementation of such multi-transceiver electronically-steered communication structures. Our prototype uses a simple LOS detection and establishment protocol and assigns logical data streams to appropriate physical links.We show that by using multiple directional transceivers we can maintain optical wireless links with minimal disruptions that are caused by relative mobility of communicating nodes.
A Proof of Global Stability of a Direct Adaptive Pole Placement Scheme for Multivariable Systems

A proof of global stability of a specific direct adaptive pole placement scheme for linear multivariable systems is presented here. It is based upon the idea of block processing of input-output data. The global stability result is established under the assumption that the external reference signal consists of a sum of at least a specificied minimum number of distinct sinusoids.
A Linear-Time Recognition Algorithm for P4-Reducible Graphs

P4-reducible graphs are precisely the graphs none of whose vertices belong to more than one chordless path with three edges. As it turns out, the class of P4-reducible graphs strictly contains the well-known class of cographs. A remarkable property of P4-reducible graphs is their unique tree representation up to isomorphism. In this paper we present a linear-time algorithm to recognize P4-reducible graphs and to construct their corresponding tree representation.
Tail-like reconfiguration of the plasma sheet during the substorm growth phase

Tail-like reconfiguration observed in the near-earth plasma sheet during the substorm growth phase is surrounded by enhanced convection except inside and tailward of the reconfiguration region itself. The required distribution of enhanced convection can be driven by an enhanced dayside reconnection. The enhanced dayside convection can be transmitted across open field lines by the tangential discontinuity to reach the last open field line in the tail lobe in about 20 minutes. This can cause Bx to increase in the plasma sheet. On the other hand, the enhanced dayside convection can also be transmitted across closed field lines by the fast rarefaction wave to arrive at the near-earth plasma sheet (x ≤ −10 RE) in about 15 minutes, causing Bz to decrease in the plasma sheet. Thus, a tail-like reconfiguration can start within about 15 to 20 minutes after a southward turning of the IMF (interplanetary magnetic field). The duration of the growth phase can be identified with the M-I coupling time scale of ∼30 to ∼40 minutes. The region-2 field-aligned current is shown to increase to 0.2 μA/m2 at the ionospheric level, resulting from the tail-like reconfiguration.
Optimization of Automotive Engine Calibration for Better Fuel Economy-Methods and Applications

A method is presented for determining an optimum engine calibration that maximizes fuel economy for the CVS-H cycle subject to a set of emission constraints. The method combines the results of a powertrain simulation with steady state engine dynamometer emissions and fuel flow data to project cycle emission and fuel economy values. Dynamic Programming is used to allocate emission contributions among selected speed/load points to maximize projected cycle fuel economy. The corresponding engine calibration is then directly inferred from the optimum emission allocation. Typical results for 2.3 liter and 400 CID engines are presented.
Control of mitochondrial motility and distribution by the calcium signal: a homeostatic circuit

Mitochondria are dynamic organelles in cells. The control of mitochondrial motility by signaling mechanisms and the significance of rapid changes in motility remains elusive. In cardiac myoblasts, mitochondria were observed close to the microtubular array and displayed both short- and long-range movements along microtubules. By clamping cytoplasmic [Ca2+] ([Ca2+]c) at various levels, mitochondrial motility was found to be regulated by Ca2+ in the physiological range. Maximal movement was obtained at resting [Ca2+]c with complete arrest at 1–2 μM. Movement was fully recovered by returning to resting [Ca2+]c, and inhibition could be repeated with no apparent desensitization. The inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate– or ryanodine receptor-mediated [Ca2+]c signal also induced a decrease in mitochondrial motility. This decrease followed the spatial and temporal pattern of the [Ca2+]c signal. Diminished mitochondrial motility in the region of the [Ca2+]c rise promotes recruitment of mitochondria to enhance local Ca2+ buffering and energy supply. This mechanism may provide a novel homeostatic circuit in calcium signaling.
Interference suppression for MC-CDMA by frequency domain oversampling

A technique for interference suppression in multicarrier code-division multiple-access (MC-CDMA) systems is proposed which exploits the structural differences in signals that arrive at the receiver with Doppler shifts or carrier offsets. Oversampling the received signal in the frequency domain and properly combining the samples provides the interference suppression. The combining scheme increases the signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) experienced by the desired user in the MC-CDMA system. Numerical results show that the proposed receiver significantly outperforms the conventional MC-CDMA receiver in many situations.
RETIRED A STARS AND THEIR COMPANIONS. VII. 18 NEW JOVIAN PLANETS

We report the detection of 18 Jovian planets discovered as part of our Doppler survey of subgiant stars at Keck Observatory, with follow-up Doppler and photometric observations made at McDonald and Fairborn Observatories, respectively. The host stars have masses 0.927 ≤ M_*/M_☉ ≤ 1.95, radii 2.5 ≤ R_*/R_☉ ≤ 8.7, and metallicities –0.46 ≤ [Fe/H] ≤+0.30. The planets have minimum masses 0.9 M_Jup ≤ M_P sin i ≲ 13 M_Jup and semimajor axes a ≥ 0.76 AU. These detections represent a 50% increase in the number of planets known to orbit stars more massive than 1.5 M_☉ and provide valuable additional information about the properties of planets around stars more massive than the Sun.
On the effectiveness of belief state representation in contingent planning

This work proposes new approaches to contingent planning using alternative belief state representations extended from those in conformant planning and a new AND/OR forward search algorithm, called PrAO, for contingent solutions. Each representation was implemented in a new contingent planner. The important role of belief state representation has been confirmed by the fact that our planners all outperform other state-of-the-art planners on most benchmarks and the comparison of their performances varies across all the benchmarks even using the same search algorithm PrAO and same unsophisticated heuristic scheme. The work identifies the properties of each representation method that affect the performance.
The Grouping of Powers, 1890–1907

From 1890 it was extremely likely, if not certain, that the effects of the factors discussed in the preceding chapters would begin to create a sense of insecurity within the international system, first and most obviously because of the change in the distribution of power brought about by the rise of Germany. Indeed such a change might have been sensed before 1890. To start with, however, it was not apparent. Bismarck was always more aware of Germany’s weakness than of her strength, so much so that it apparently troubled his sleep. This weakness was primarily strategic. Germany lay in the middle of Europe, wide open to the possibility of war on two fronts; she was condemned to bad relations with her western neighbour until, if ever, the results of the Franco-Prussian War of 1870 were forgotten; her two eastern neighbours were, for traditional reasons of clashing Balkan interests, at semi-permanent loggerheads. Germany herself was bound for some years to be regarded with suspicion as an unknown quantity and, when that quantity was known, to suffer the disadvantages of possessing very great power.
Planktonic ostracods (Myodocopa, Halocyprididae) from six Eltanin cruises in South Pacific and Antarctic waters

ABSTRACT In this posthumous paper, the third in a series of reports on pelagic ostracods collected in southern-hemisphere and Antarctic waters by RV Eltanin, and provided by the Smithsonian Oceanographic Sorting Center, depth and station records are reported for Gigantocypris sp., Macrocypridina poulseni, and 76 halocypridid species and subspecies. Records are based on examination of 473 samples from 182 stations between 33° and 70°S in the Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean; South Atlantic and Indian Ocean sectors were covered in previous reports. No new taxa were recognized in this study. Of the 76 halocypridids, 17 were not seen in Eltanin samples from other sectors, but most (perhaps all) of these are widespread and occur in northcrn-hemisphere waters. Six species, including Archiconchoecia bidens Deevey, 1982, and Conchoecia eltaninae Deevey, 1982, listed in previous Eltanin reports but not in this one, bring the far-southern halocypridid species list to 82. Fewer than half of these (at least 24 and perhaps 37) are known south of the Antarctic Convergence. Of the list of 24, because many "Antarctic" ostracods live at great depths in other oceans, probably none are exclusively Antarctic in distribution, though A. bidens is not yet known beyond its type locality at 71°56'S.
CRT-200.17 Optimal Aorto-ostial Lesion Treatment With Flash Ostial Balloon Is Feasible and Safe

The anatomic challenges of percutaneous endovascular stenting of aorto-ostial lesions remain a difficult task with low technical success, higher complication rates and increased target vessel restenosis rates. We sought to evaluate feasibility, efficacy, and safety of the Ostial Flash (Access
Simplification of thermal comfortable equation

To simplify the calculation of the thermal comfortable equation,a new concept of indoor air multiple temperature(IAMT) was presented.Plot the relation chart of the IAMT with the room temperature and the mean radiation temperature(MRT) was drawn up.Considering the feature that the IAMT is One to One correspondence with the predicted mean vote(PMV),the relation chart of IAMT and predicted percentage and dissatisfied(PPD) was drawn up.On the condition of the relative humidity 50%,air speed 0.2m/s,when measured the mean radiation temperature(MRT) and the air temperature,the PPM can be determined immediately.The deviation of PMV caused by other relative humidity was analyzed,and the correction coefficient given.This method could help designers determine the comfortable degree of the room fast,and improve working efficiency of experiments and researches on comfortable degree.
Optimal Allocation of Emergency Power Supplies for Urban Important Customers

According to the existing capacity of emergency power supply in each local supply district and important customers’ needs for emergency power supply, by comprehensively considering the relationship between the reliability of power supply and utilities’ economy, the optimum model of emergency power supplies with minimum total cost as objective function is proposed based on such constraints as time and capacity etc. The optimal algorithm of emergency power supplies based on genetic algorithm is put forward. The model and algorithm proposed are proved by a numerical example and program based on geographic information system (GIS). The study helps to reduce outage costs and improve the ability of urban electric network for emergency situation.
Effects of different supplemental sugars and starch fed in combination with degradable intake protein on low-quality forage use by beef steers.

Twenty ruminally fistulated steers (Exp. 1, 448 kg and Exp. 2, 450 kg) were used in two consecutive randomized complete block experiments with five treatments in each experiment. The purpose was to evaluate the impact of feeding different supplemental sugars or starch in combination with supplemental degradable intake protein (DIP) on the utilization of low-quality tallgrass-prairie hay. In Exp. 1, steers were given ad libitum access to forage and, except for the negative control (NC), received a limited supply (insufficient to maximize forage use) of supplemental DIP (.031% BW/d, DM basis). In addition to the NC, this experiment included four supplementation treatments in which one of four carbohydrate (CHO) sources (starch, glucose, fructose, or sucrose) was fed at.30% BW of DM/d. In Exp. 2, the treatment structure was identical except that the supplemental DIP level(.122% BW, DM basis) was near the level needed to maximize forage use. Forage OM intake (FOMI) was not affected (P ≥.26) by supplementation in Exp. 1 but was increased (P =.05) in Exp. 2. However, no difference (P ≥.46) in FOMI occurred among CHO sources in either experiment. Total OM and digestible OM intakes were increased (P <.01) by supplementation in both experiments. In Exp. 1, no difference (P ≥.26)in OM digestion (OMD) occurred among treatments. In Exp. 2, supplementation increased (P <.01) OMD. Additionally, sugars yielded a higher (P =.04) OMD than starch, and the monosaccharides yielded a higher (P =.02) OMD than sucrose. In Exp. 1, NDF digestion (NDFD) was decreased (P =.02) by supplementation, but no differences (P ≥.21) occurred among CHO sources. In Exp. 2, NDFD was increased (P =.03) by supplementation. Additionally, sugars led to higher (P =.05) NDFD than starch, and the monosaccharides led to higher (P =.03) NDFD than sucrose. In both experiments, discernible patterns were observable with regard to the effects of supplementation and type of supplemental CHO on ruminal fermentation characteristics. In conclusion, even though some consistency in fermentation profiles for different carbohydrate sources was evident in both experiments, forage intake and digestion responses were not consistent across experiments. This raises the possibility that carbohydrate source may interact with the amount of supplemental DIP fed and, as such, deserves additional investigation.
Tri-layer wrinkling as a mechanism for anchoring center initiation in the developing cerebellum

During cerebellar development, anchoring centers form at the base of each fissure and remain fixed in place while the rest of the cerebellum grows outward. Cerebellar foliation has been extensively studied; yet, the mechanisms that control anchoring center initiation and position remain insufficiently understood. Here we show that a tri-layer model can predict surface wrinkling as a potential mechanism to explain anchoring center initiation and position. Motivated by the cerebellar microstructure, we model the developing cerebellum as a tri-layer system with an external molecular layer and an internal granular layer of similar stiffness and a significantly softer intermediate Purkinje cell layer. Including a weak intermediate layer proves key to predicting surface morphogenesis, even at low stiffness contrasts between the top and bottom layers. The proposed tri-layer model provides insight into the hierarchical formation of anchoring centers and establishes an essential missing link between gene expression and evolution of shape.