cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Utility of planning MRI in percutaneous thoracic duct embolization for chylothorax.

Abstract Purpose Percutaneous thoracic duct embolization (TDE) is an accepted treatment for leaks of the central lymphatic ducts. In this study, we correlate the imaging findings on pre-procedural MRI lymphangiography with findings on conventional lymphangiography, and with operator ability to perform a technically successful TDE. The aim was to examine whether MRI is a good screening mechanism to support an invasive procedure in strong candidates, and avert one in poor candidates. Materials and methods MRI and conventional lymphangiograms of 96 patients (62 male and 34 female; mean age 63 ± 11 years, range 29–92 years) were retrospectively reviewed. The diameter and level of the best target for access were assessed for each study. Technical success rates were evaluated with respect to presence of a cisterna chyli, target duct size, and target level concordance. Results Presence of a cisterna chyli on MRI significantly increased the likelihood of a successful TDE (68% vs. 42%, p = 0.03). Presence of a duct 4 mm or larger, by either modality, significantly improved the chance of successful TDE (for MRI, 65% vs. 41%, p = 0.04; for lymphangiography, 70% vs. 44%, p = 0.03). MRI was not helpful for localizing a lymphatic target, as less than half were seen within one and one-half vertebrae of the predicted level. There was a weak correlation (Pearson coefficient = +0.30) between duct size as measured on the two modalities. 95% of those without an identifiable target on MRI had a viable target on lymphangiography, and successful TDE was performed in 47% of those patients. Conclusions Identification of a cisterna chyli and/or 4 mm or greater target on pre-procedural MRI indicated higher likelihood of technically successful TDE. MRI did not help predict unsuccessful TDE procedures. Better target level concordance was not associated with improved technical outcomes.
Solid Pseudopapillary Tumor of the Pancreas in a Patient With Sarcoidosis: A Rare Combination

Sarcoidosis is a chronic granulomatous disease that is characterized by the formation of non-caseating granulomas, predominantly involving the lung and lymph nodes. Over the years, sarcoidosis has been associated with a high risk of malignancy. Solid pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas is an uncommon pancreatic tumor with a 15% malignant potential. Ours is an interesting case of a 34-year-old patient who was found to have a pancreatic mass and incidental mediastinal lymphadenopathy on imaging, initially raising concern for metastatic pancreatic cancer. However, she was later diagnosed to have an isolated solid pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas in association with concurrent sarcoidosis.
Overcoming Inconvenience: How Society Can Incentivize Individual Recycling Behavior; An Agent-Based Model

Today, major obstacles to community recycling include lack of effective incentivization and opportunity cost. We attempt to ameliorate this through agent-based modeling by identifying key incentives and relationships to be manipulated by policymakers to effectively inspire recycling behaviors. In our model, an agent’s choice to discard waste or recycle is influenced by social pressure as well as convenience. Therefore, based on the behavior of these agents, we draw inferences as to how recycling behavior manifests itself at the community level. As anticipated, the availability of recycling bins and their distribution are highly salient in determining recycling behavior.
Characterization of Special Interests in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Brief Review and Pilot Study Using the Special Interests Survey

Special interests (SIs) are part of the diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Though they can have both positive and negative effects on functioning and long-term outcomes, research on SIs is limited. This pilot study used a newly developed parent-report measure, the Special Interest Survey, to characterize SIs in 1992 children with ASD. The mean number of current special interests reported was 9, with television, objects, and music being most commonly endorsed interests. The mean age of onset reported across all categories was 5.24 years, with duration of past interests most often exceeding 2 years. Age of onset, interference, and relative unusualness of the SI was varied across categories. Interference was significantly correlated with the unusualness of the SIs.
BMP2 Is Required for Postnatal Maintenance of Osteochondral Tissues of the Temporomandibular Joint.

ObjectiveBone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) plays important roles in cartilage growth and development. Paradoxically, elevated levels of BMP2 leads to hypertrophic differentiation and osteoarthrit...
Patterns of family relationships in pediatric oncology: implications for children's adjustment upon treatment completion.

Family characteristics influence children’s adaptation following a cancer diagnosis. Little is known about the importance of family relationships on children’s social and emotional health immediately after treatment completion. In this study, we identify subtypes of family relationships and evaluate how these profiles relate to child adjustment upon treatment completion. Youth (N = 77; ages 7–14) who completed cancer treatment within the past 7 months provided their perceptions of their relationships with their caregivers and siblings. Caregivers and teachers rated participants’ internalizing and externalizing symptoms, while participants and caregivers reported on child social and overall functioning. Latent profile analyses identified patterns of family relationships, and we examined associations between these patterns and youth outcomes. A four-profile solution best characterized families as (1) low closeness/high sibling-only discord (12.4%); (2) low closeness/high discord (6.6%); (3) high closeness/low discord (47.6%); and (4) moderate closeness/moderate discord (33.4%). Family relationship profiles were differentially associated with self, caregiver, and teacher ratings of adaptation. Participants from families characterized by low closeness/high discord reported more difficulties with peer interactions than participants with high closeness/low discord in their families. Caregivers and teachers reported significantly higher externalizing symptoms for participants from low closeness/high discord and low closeness/high sibling discord families in comparison to participants with high closeness/low discord in their family. Findings underscore the importance of assessing children’s perceptions of family relationships in pediatric oncology and providing support to the family during and after treatment. Future directions include assessing how these profiles predict outcomes over time.
Platformed Knowledge Brokerage in Education: Power and Possibilities

To examine some of the ways platforms facilitate knowledge brokerage within the field of education, this chapter establishes the concept of platformed knowledge brokerage and critically compares four case examples: EdArXiv, Marginal Syllabus, Teachers Pay Teachers, and What Works Clearinghouse. Analytic questions focus on who is involved in the brokerage process, the nature of the knowledge objects exchanged, the ways platforms organize knowledge, and the functions available to platform users in the brokerage process. The chapter discusses the implications these platforms have for the movement and transformation of knowledge through networks in education, highlighting questions concerning whose voices are amplified by online platforms, how, and to whom. It concludes by setting the stage for future research in this area.
A History of Nigeria: Political and economic transformations in the nineteenth century

INTRODUCTION The nineteenth century brought great changes to the states in the Nigerian region. Although social formations within the various geographical regions remained diverse, several relatively large, centralized states came to dominate geopolitical and economic dynamics during this time period. In the northern savanna zones, the Islamic jihad of Usman dan Fodio led to the establishment of the Sokoto Caliphate, an expansive state that brought under one government all the Hausa states, as well as some former provinces of Borno and lands that had once been under the control of Oyo and the Jukun states, in the south and southeast respectively. Although dan Fodio and his successors were never able to implement the ideal Islamic state that they sought to build, they had nevertheless reconfigured the political and cultural landscape of the northern savanna towards a primary identification with Islam by the time British colonial forces sacked Sokoto in 1903. In the southern region of the greater Nigerian area, political and economic transformations occurred as well. In the southwest, the empire of Oyo fell in the early nineteenth century, ushering in an age of intraregional warfare as new Yoruba states fought for dominance over the areas that had previously been stabilized by the rule of the alafin . Simultaneously, the British abolition of the slave trade in 1807 led to an overt attempt to redirect trade away from human cargo and towards items of “legitimate” commerce.
16 – THE IDEAL SOLUTION

A solution becomes an ideal solution in the limit of infinite dilution. This chapter deals specifically with liquid solutions. More particularly, it considers infinitely dilute solutions—that is, solutions in which the mole fraction of the solvent approaches unity. In contrast to the solvent—a pure phase—the solution constitutes a mixed phase. The equation of state of the ideal solution is to all intents and purposes identical with those of the multicomponent ideal gas. Ideal behavior in the sense of Raoult's Law requires that both solvent and solute molecules be of closely comparable size. This assumption is reasonable when one considers gas molecules and remains reasonable for many solvent–solute systems. However, even extremely dilute solutions of macromolecules depart strongly from ideal behavior in the sense of Raoult's Law when their behavior is examined in terms of mole fractions. A better form of the entropy of mixing for a solution of macromolecules comes from the Flory–Huggins theory that takes into account the disparity between the size of a solvent molecule and the size of a long-chain molecule.
Activity recognition in thermal infrared video

In this paper, we investigate the tracking and recognition of limited activity in thermal infrared video. We have improved the pose segmentation from the background using a universal segmentation technique. Gait energy images (GEI) have been developed for collected repetitive and non-repetitive activities. Seven invariant moments features are extracted from the sequences of GEI of each activity and concatenated to a feature vector. Naive Bayesians classifier is used for classification of feature vectors. Experimental result on limited activity shows the effectiveness of our proposed activity recognition algorithm.
Advantages of automated fiber-optic termination

This paper discusses automated manufacturing techniques and equipment that are currently being developed and deployed to address issues associated with manual processes. These systems can take fiber cable and terminations as input and automatically assemble and test completed cables with no reliance on operator technique or skill level.
Volunteerism and Older Adults: Implications for Social Work Practice

Abstract Much has been written about volunteerism in general, and more specifically about the older volunteer. But what motivates a person to volunteer? How do they learn about the opportunity? What do they need to feel satisfied with the experience and how might that and other factors relate to whether they continue volunteering? The following literature review highlights some of the findings about volunteer motivation, satisfaction, recruitment, and retention as it relates to volunteers in general, older volunteers, and illustrative of one setting, hospice volunteers. Implications for social work practice with older persons are discussed.
Suppressor cell influence in selected strains of inbred rats. I. Strain-dependent mitogen- and antigen-related low responsiveness.

Abstract Lymphocytes derived from Lewis (LE), Brown-Norway (BN), or the F 1 hybrid (LBNF 1 ) rats respond in vitro to the mitogens phytohemagglutinin, concanavalin A, and pokeweed mitogen. The magnitude of the response, as determined by incorporation of 3 H-thymidine, 14 C-adenine, and 3 H-leucine, was highest for LE and lowest for BN animals. These proliferation response differences were observed for lymph node lymphocytes and peripheral blood lymphocytes. The response to antigen, as measured by lymphocyte transformation, reflected the mitogen responsiveness of the strains tested, i.e., LE animals responded to a higher level than did BN animals. Equivalent levels of antibody were found in all animals immunized with antigen. In addition, BN rats are suppressed to a greater magnitude than are LE rats when both strains are primed, rechallenged, and assayed via lymphocyte transformation to the test antigen.
Performance-Based Standards

A building is made of numerous constructing elements. Each of these elements not only is affected by and has to face the enforced pressure from the other building elements, but also has to resist the effects of the environments (both inside and outdoor). The behavior of these elements when they are facing a combination of these factors simultaneously defines the element performance.
Sugar Monomer and Oligomer Solubility

Oligomer solubility could potentially play an important role in controlling the rates and yields in the thermochemical hydrolysis of hemicellulose as a pretreatment for subsequent enzymatic conversion of cellulose. However, limited data or models are available to describe the aqueous solubility of sugar monomers and oligomers. In this work, we measured the solubilities of sugars common to many biomass feedstocks in the temperature range of 25–30°C. Then we reviewed solubility models for sugars from the open literature. Finally, we applied models to test their ability to describe this and other data reported in the literature. It was found that the solubility of sugar monomers was not well described by the ideal solubility law or other more complex models. However, with an empirical adjustment to the enthalpy of fusion, the ideal solubility law was able to approximately predict the solubility of cello-oligomers. Based on these results, solubilities for low molecular weight xylo-oligomers are predicted to investigate their possible importance in pretreatment and define further experimental measurements needed to improve our understanding of sugar and oligomer solubility.
CTS Corp v. Waldburger

The Supreme Court determined that a North Carolina statute of repose barred plaintiffs from bringing suit against CTS Corporation for contamination that occurred on land CTS owned 24 years earlier. The Court found that CERCLA preempts state statutes of limitations in order to allow plaintiffs’ claims to accrue when the injury is caused by contamination that has a long latency period. However, the Court also decided that CERLCA does not preempt state statutes of repose because Congress did not specifically preempt them as they did with statutes of limitations, thus; enforcing statutes of repose was not found to frustrate the purpose of CERCLA. Although plaintiffs did not discover the contamination until 22 years after it occurred, they nonetheless failed to bring their claim within the 10 years required by the North Carolina statute and were barred from bringing suit.
Temporality and Textual Engagement in a Middle School English Language Arts Classroom

Using Gadamer's concept of tarrying, this paper explores the impact of classroom temporality on students' engagement with text in an 8th grade English Language Arts classroom. Through an analysis of interactional data collected during two years of an ethnographic study of classroom activities, I show how reading strategies helped constitute and were constituted by a linear, dimensional temporality, within which text and reader were individuated and textual meaning objectified, characterized by an “ontology of static substance” (Ross 2006). In such cases, the act of reading was defined as a processual movement through or consumption of text, which could break down requiring strategies to restore the smooth flow. At other moments, however, interaction around text took on a tarrying temporality. These less frequent moments resonate with Gadamer's claims for the state of understanding associated with the experience of art, a “being moved” (2001:76), an “uninterrupted pure gazing” (2006:72) associated with the “absolute presentness” of art (2006:60). In classroom moments I call tarrying, students were more often engaged in an open-ended, exploratory co-construction of meaning with other participants, rather than producing items at someone else's request. Text was not possessed but, on the contrary, became something that took hold of participants and was jointly occupied or shared. Within such moments, reading strategies, usually decontextualized tools to be applied by an individual subject to a text, receded instead into the tarrying or “playing”—a “movement backwards and forwards” (Gadamer 1975:93)—of the immediate interactional context.
Routing-Based Video Multicast Congestion Control

Congestion control is critical for a multicast transport protocol to be deployed and coexist fairly with current unicast transport protocols, such as TCP. We present a new congestion control protocol for video multicast: Routing-based Video Multicast Congestion Control (RVMCC), which combats congestion from a new direction: enriching abstractions of the routing layer. RVMCC overcomes most of the disadvantages of current end-to-end multi-layer video multicast congestion control schemes, such as unstable throughput and unfair sharing of bandwidth with other sessions [9] [10]. These disadvantages are inherent for end-to-end multi-layer video multicast congestion control schemes and extremely hard for them to deal with [10]. RVMCC not only achieves good stability of throughput but also approaches Max-Min fairness closely at bottlenecks. The former is necessary for ensuring the viewing quality of transmitted video, while the latter is necessary for the deployment of multicast in the current Internet. Furthermore, unlike existing network-assisted video multicast congestion control schemes, RVMCC does not require the change of the queuing, scheduling, or forwarding structure of the current Internet. RVMCC can be integrated with minimum assistance from network by enriching the abstractions of the routing layer.
Hello ADIOS: the challenges and lessons of developing leadership class I/O frameworks

Applications running on leadership platforms are more and more bottlenecked by storage input/output I/O. In an effort to combat the increasing disparity between I/O throughput and compute capability, we created Adaptable IO System ADIOS in 2005. Focusing on putting users first with a service oriented architecture, we combined cutting edge research into new I/O techniques with a design effort to create near optimal I/O methods. As a result, ADIOS provides the highest level of synchronous I/O performance for a number of mission critical applications at various Department of Energy Leadership Computing Facilities. Meanwhile ADIOS is leading the push for next generation techniques including staging and data processing pipelines. In this paper, we describe the startling observations we have made in the last half decade of I/O research and development, and elaborate the lessons we have learned along this journey. We also detail some of the challenges that remain as we look toward the coming Exascale era. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Immune abnormalities in IgA nephropathy (Berger's disease)

Abstract Thirteen patients with IgA nephropathy confirmed by renal biopsies were studied for evidence of disorders of the immune system. Circulating immune complexes (CIC) were determined by agarose gel zone electrophoresis (AGE), the Raji cell radioimmunoassay (RIA), and the modified Raji cell (RIA) for IgA containing CIC. Serum levels of immunoglobulins (Ig) G, A, M, of C3, C4, and properdin factor B (PFB) were measured by the rate nephelometry. Tissue studies included fluorescent, light, and electron microscopy, staining for intracellular Ig, and lysozyme by immunoperoxidase (IP), and determination of glomerular C3 receptors (C3R) by EAC rosettes. IgG-CIC were detected in 69%, IgA-CIC in 50% and serum IgA was elevated (>2SD) in 46% of the patients. In the glomeruli, mesangial deposits of IgA, IgG, properdin, and C3 were present. C3R available for EAC binding to glomerular cells were decreased. IgA-producing lymphoid cells were detected in renal interstitium of our patients especially those with crescentic glomerulonephritis. Elevated serum IgA and the presence of IgA-producing cells in the renal tissue may reflect an abnormality in IgA immunoregulatory mechanisms. IgA could contribute to the pathogenesis of renal disease due to its inhibitory effect on the clearance of circulating and deposited immune complexes.
Herbivores and the Spatial Distributions of the Phytoplankton III. Estimating the Number of Good Foraging Places

During critical periods, the survival of a herbivorous zooplankter or ichthyoplankter may depend upon the animal encountering food in excess of a critical concentration. During such times, the value of the animal's habitat is related to the relative number of places where food exceeds the critical concentration. CHEBYSHEV'S mathematical inequality gives a nonparametric upper bound for the probability that a place selected at random from a habitat will contain such excess food. The probability is proportional to the sum of the variance and mean squared of the food distribution, which is also a measure of the habitat's value to the animal.
Exchange-rate volatility, international trade, and resource allocation: A perspective on recent research

Abstract Recent research on the effects of exchange-rate volatility is discussed and Directions for future research are explored. The need to pay more attention to the effects of diversification and firms' characteristic is emphasized. It is suggested that while international risk has risen substantially since floating, the differential between international and domestic risk may not. This could help explain the failure of international trade to fall drastically and suggests that exchange rate volatility has been more a reflection than an independent cause of underlying instability.
Proton transport in triflic acid hydrates studied via path integral car-parrinello molecular dynamics.

The mono-, di-, and tetrahydrates of trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, which contain characteristic H3O+, H5O2+, and H9O4+ structures, provide model systems for understanding proton transport in materials with high perfluorosulfonic acid density such as perfluorosulfonic acid membranes commonly employed in hydrogen fuel cells. Ab initio molecular dynamics simulations indicate that protons in these solids are predisposed to transfer to the water most strongly bound to sulfonate groups via a Grotthuss-type mechanism, but quickly return to the most solvated defect structure either due to the lack of a nearby species to stabilize the new defect or a preference for the proton to be maximally hydrated. Path integral molecular dynamics of the mono- and dihydrate reveal significant quantum effects that facilitate proton transfer to the “presolvated” water or SO3− in the first solvation shell and increase the Zundel character of all the defects. These trends are quantified in free energy profiles for each bonding env...
MobiSense — mobile network services for coordinated participatory sensing

Cellular and Wi-Fi networks now form a global substrate that provides billions of mobile phone users with consistent, location-aware communication and multimedia data access. On this substrate is emerging a new class of mobile phone applications that use the phones location, image and acoustic sensors, and enable people to choose what to sense and when to share data about themselves and their surroundings. Peoples' natural movement through and among living, work, and “third” spaces, provides spatial and temporal coverage for these modalities, the character of which is impossible to achieve through embedded instrumentation alone. This paper proposes a network service architecture for participatory sensing, describing challenges in (1) network coordination services enabling applications to efficiently select, incentivize and task mobile users based on measures of coverage, capabilities and interests; (2) attestation mechanisms to enable data consumers to assign trust to the data they access; and (3) participatory privacy regulation mechanisms used by data contributors to control what data they share.
MOLECULAR GENETIC BASIS OF THE HUMAN CHONDRODYSPLASIAS

Considerable progress has been made in delineating the molecular genetic basis of the human chondrodysplasias. Two genes emerge as harboring mutations found in patients with the most common disorders. Mutations in the type II collagen gene account for most spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia and spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia-like clinical disorders, whereas mutations in the fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 gene are responsible for achondroplasia, thanatophoric dysplasia, and hypochondroplasia. A substantial portion of remaining patients have mutations of the genes encoding cartilage oligomeric matrix protein or diastrophic dysplasia sulfate transporter.
Configuration of clathrin trimers: Evidence from electron microscopy☆

We used a combination of electron microscopic techniques—negative staining, glycerol spraying with rotary shadowing, and quick-freezing followed by deep-etching—to study the configuration of clathrin trimers. All three approaches provide images indicating that the molecule is nonplanar and rather puckered at its center. Viewed from the convex (cytoplasmic) side, its arms display a consistent clockwise slew at their proximal/distal hinge. The most flexible part of the heavy chain may be the links between the distal portion of the leg and the terminal domain.
Evaluating a picture archiving communication system workstation

A successful PACS implementation requires well-designed hardware, a thoughtful software implementation, and a high degree of integration of PACS and RIS information. Although it may be difficult to avoid some of the technical jargon, perhaps the most important evaluation step is to sit at a workstation and see if the image display metaphor is one that can conform to your image interpretation style. Finally, integration of RIS and PACS is crucial.
On the relation between fault strength and frictional stability

A fundamental problem in fault mechanics is whether slip instability associated with earthquake nucleation depends on absolute fault strength. We present laboratory experimental evidence for a systematic relationship between frictional strength and friction rate dependence, one of the key parameters controlling stability, for a wide range of constituent minerals relevant to natural faults. All of the frictionally weak gouges (coefficient of sliding friction, μ < 0.5) are composed of phyllosilicate minerals and exhibit increased friction with slip velocity, known as velocity-strengthening behavior, which suppresses frictional instability. In contrast, fault gouges with higher frictional strength exhibit both velocity-weakening and velocity-strengthening frictional behavior. These materials are dominantly quartzofeldspathic in composition, but in some cases include certain phyllosilicate-rich gouges with high friction coefficients. We also find that frictional velocity dependence evolves systematically with shear strain, such that a critical shear strain is required to allow slip instability. As applied to tectonic faults, our results suggest that seismic behavior and the mode of fault slip may evolve predictably as a function of accumulated offset.
Developmental and Growth Temperature Regulation of Two Different Microsomal [omega]-6 Desaturase Genes in Soybeans

The polyunsaturated fatty acid content is one of the major factors influencing the quality of vegetable oils. Edible oils rich in monounsaturated fatty acid provide improved oil stability, flavor, and nutrition for human and animal consumption. In plants, the microsomal [omega]-6 desaturase-catalyzed pathway is the primary route of production of polyunsaturated lipids. We report the isolation of two different cDNA sequences, FAD2-1 and FAD2-2, encoding microsomal [omega]-6 desaturase in soybeans and the characterization of their developmental and temperature regulation. The FAD2-1 gene is strongly expressed in developing seeds, whereas the FAD2-2 gene is constitutively expressed in both vegetative tissues and developing seeds. Thus, the FAD2-2 gene-encoded [omega]-6 desaturase appears to be responsible for production of polyunsaturated fatty acids within membrane lipids in both vegetative tissues and developing seeds. The seed-specifically expressed FAD2-1 gene is likely to play a major role in controlling conversion of oleic acid to linoleic acid within storage lipids during seed development. In both soybean seed and leaf tissues, linoleic acid and linolenic acid levels gradually increase as temperature decreases. However, the levels of transcripts for FAD2-1, FAD2-2, and the plastidial [omega]-6 desaturase gene (FAD 6) do not increase at low temperature. These results suggest that the elevated polyunsaturated fatty acid levels in developing soybean seeds grown at low temperature are not due to the enhanced expression of [omega]-6 desaturase genes.
The Semantics of Winning and Losing.

Headlines reporting the outcomes of professional and college football games for an entire football season from two major newspapers were analyzed in an attempt to answer three questions: (1) What kind(s) of language do sportswriters use in attempting to be playful or humorous? (2) Is there a pattern to the number of ways winning and losing can be described? (3) What effects might creative use of language in such headlines have on the English language in general? Of the 930 headlines collected, there were 222 different transitive verbs (e.g., ambush, batter, burn, flog, maul, smash) and 81 intransitive verbs (e.g., breeze, cruise, lose, rally, win). On a descriptive linguistic level, most headlines (a) were in the form of subject–verb–object; (b) used alliteration and punning (Rice Burns Baylor); and (c) used almost any action verb to denote winning. On a psycholinguistic level, an argument is presented for semantic generativity, the ability of the context and the metaphorical possibilities of words to have almost any verb make sense in a headline. Finally, on a historical linguistic level, it is suggested that continued use of a verb for winning and losing (such as maul and pulverize) may lead to a change in their meaning. (Semantics, language change, language of sports)
Procedures for Follow-Up Studies of THEME Teacher Education Graduates Michael Lindsay

Lindsay sets forth systematic procedures for designing and conducting follow-up studies of teacher education graduates. Specifically, the author makes recom mendations with regard to formulating instrument questions and scales, deter mining the length and appearance of the questionnaire, writing the cover letter, planning the follow-up reminder proce dures, and comparing nonrespondents and respondents.
Explorar la relación entre la teoría prospectiva y el conflicto internacional: la disputa fronteriza entre Tailandia y Camboya como caso de estudio / Exploring the relationship between prospect theory and international conflict: the Thai-Cambodian border

The present paper explores the relationship between Prospect Theory and International Conflict by concentrating on key concepts such as the endowment effect, reference dependence, and framing. Prospect Theory is shown to have considerable explanatory power in the case of the historical dispute between Thailand and Cambodia over their shared border. The apparent lack of strategic importance of the Temple in dispute, the absence of natural resources in the contested area, and the relative intensity of the conflict cannot be properly explained by rational-choice theories. Finally, the paper concludes that Prospect Theory shows greater explanatory traction than rational-choice theories in explaining the intensity and persistence of the conflict over the contested areas, in particular the land surrounding Preah Vihear Temple.
Assessment of aluminum screen enclosure connections subjected to strong winds

Abstract Aluminum screen enclosures suffered severe losses in past hurricanes. The purpose of the research is to quantify the performance of various types of beam-to-host connections, which are critical in preventing catastrophic failure of the structure. Experimental testing of twenty types of connections identified attributes of strong connections such as the use of thick angles or a properly installed screen attachment between the angle and the gutter bracket. Stronger connections resisted more than twice the load compared to the weaker connections. In order to analyze the effect of using the stronger connections in a full-scale structure, fragility curves were constructed using the experimental results, and then the demand variable was converted to the wind speed by conducting structural analysis of a model structure. Failure probability analysis of the model structure quantified the benefit of using stronger connections on the aluminum screen enclosures.
A systematic review of the International Classification of Diseases criteria for the diagnosis of tobacco dependence

Our objective was to examine the evidence concerning the validity and reliability of the International Classification of Diseases criteria for tobacco dependence (ICD-TD). A literature search was conducted of 16 databases using the search terms addiction, cigarettes, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Disease, DSM, dependence, International Classification of Diseases, ICD, nicotine, smoking and tobacco. The search produced 37 relevant articles. We found no data supporting the predictive validity of the criteria, and none supporting the characterization of dependence as having a three-symptom threshold. We found no data concerning the validity or reliability of the official instrument, which inappropriately excludes nondaily smokers from being evaluated for dependence. We found no evidence that the ICD-TD diagnosis had been used for clinical decision making, in a smoking cessation study, or for longitudinal epidemiological surveillance. We contrast the utility of the ICD-TD criteria to an approach of diagnosing tobacco addiction on the basis of a single criterion of a compulsion to use tobacco.
Label stability in serum of four radionuclides on DTPA-coupled antibodies—An evaluation

Abstract Although DTPA forms strong chelates with many metals, the harsh chemical environment of the serum may nevertheless dissociate metallic radionuclides from DTPA attached to proteins. We have investigated the stability in 37 °C serum of 111In, 99mTc, 90Y and 153Gd chelated to DTPA-coupled antibodies. Stability was evaluated primarily by affinity chromatography and HPLC analysis of serum incubates; however, the stability of 111In was determined in vivo in patient studies. Analysis of patient urine showed no evidence for dissociation of DTPA from antibody whereas analysis of serum demonstrated exchange rates of 111In to transferrin of about 9%/day. When labeled by the described method, 99mTc on DTPA coupled antibodies shows instability in serum but superior stability than 99mTc on antibodies without the attached DTPA. Both 90Y and 153Gd dissociate in serum at rates which are comparable to that of 111In.
Impact of bursty error rates on the performance of wireless local area network (WLAN)

Abstract With an increasing popularity of DCF based wireless LAN, the modeling of 802.11 distributed coordination function (DCF) has attracted lots of research attention. Existing analysis of 802.11 DCF has been focused on the determination of the throughput and the packet delay under saturated traffic and ideal channel conditions. Although some recent papers address the saturated performance under a simple uniform error model, they can hardly capture the impact of bursty characteristics of wireless fading on the performance of 802.11 DCF. This paper presents exact formulae for the throughput and the delay in DCF for various traffic conditions when either saturated or unsaturated traffic load is present. A two-state Markov channel model is incorporated to present the bursty characteristics of channel errors. With our analysis, the impact of bursty channel error on unsuccessful transmission probability and the DCF performance can be determined. The results of our analytical framework reveal that the four-way handshaking scheme does not improve throughput substantially for light traffic load. However, for heavy traffic load, the four-way handshaking scheme is advantageous as compared to the basic access scheme. Also, extensive simulation is done to substantiate the accuracy of our analytical model.
Habitat-associated life history variation within a population of the striped plateau lizard, Sceloporus virgatus

I examined habitat-associated life history variation in a population of the striped plateau lizard (Sceloporus virgatus) in the Chiricahua Mountains of southeastern Arizona. Individuals living on a north-facing slope were larger and grew faster (especially smaller individuals) than individuals living on a south-facing slope. Those individuals living in covered woods tended to grow faster than individuals living on open slides. Survivorship was generally (but not statistically significantly) higher in the woods than on the slides, and not different between slopes. Females that lived on a south-facing slope and those that lived in woods reproduced in their first year more often than females that lived on a north-facing slope, or on slides. These life history variations are generally consistent with explanations based on proximate factors such as food availability and potential activity periods.
Low noise, high voltage secondary emission ion detector for polyatomic ions

Abstract A low noise, high sensitivity, ion detector based on secondary electron emission from a copper dynode has been constructed from a modified Dietz design. The utility of this type of detector is shown for noise discrimination and suppression on the basis of the different secondary electron pulse height distributions observed for noise and for signal ions. Sensitivity for ion detection is increased through the use of high voltage, and at 45 kV the noise level corresponds to 5 single electron events per second. In the energy range 21 to 84 kV, the average secondary electron yield for atomic and polyatomic ions, represented respectively by γ a and γ m (in units of electrons per ion impact), is a linear function of ion velocity with apparent threshold 4.5 ± 0.3 · 106 cm/s. Furthermore, γ a is found to be an additive property; for an ion with mass to charge ratio M/z at voltage V, γ m can be closely predicted from the equation where γ av is the average electron yield for each atom at the velocity 4.17 · 107 cm/s. Representative values of γ av at this velocity from copper are H = 0.45, C = 2.15, N = 2.37, O = 2.37, Ar = 4.1, and Xe = 7.8. The information on atomic composition obtained from γ m allows the determination of charge on an ion selected mass-spectrometrically for M/z. This charge determination technique is illustrated for doubly and singly charged pyrrole by showing that γ m for C4H5N2+ pyrrole lies close to the extrapolated γ m value of C4H5N+ at the same velocity.
On the behavior of some two-variable p-adic L-functions

Abstract We give some p -adic integral representations for the two-variable p -adic L -functions introduced recently by G. Fox. For powers of the Teichmuller character, we use the integral representation to extend the L -function to a larger domain, in which it is a meromorphic function in the first variable and an analytic element in the second. These integral representations imply systems of congruences for the generalized Bernoulli polynomials, improving previous results of Fox, Gunaratne, and the author; they also lead to generalizations of some formulas of Diamond and of Ferrero and Greenberg for p -adic L -functions in terms of the p -adic gamma and log gamma functions.
The school psychologist as program evaluator

Abstract School psychologists are being required to evaluate educational programs. This paper discusses the role and responsibilities of a program evaluator, the programs of measurement, and the staff fear of evaluation. A model for program evaluation is then described with an illustrative example.
Reflections on a Decade of Changes in Homeschooling and the Homeschooled Into Higher Education

This article reviews selected research on successes of homeschooled students over the past decade. The article raises several methods issues, especially related to sampling issues and recent changes in some state laws. In addition the article reviews research collected from college admission's officers’ on their perceptions and attitudes relate to homeschooled students. The comparative results of the studies reported in this review, combined with the data collected from college admission officers provides evidence that homeschooling is an effective alternative path to college for the children of many families.
Bowen, Dufek, and Shelly Receive 2012 James B. Macelwane Medals: Response

Thank you, Dave and Jeanne, for the nomination and citation, as well as for being enthusiastic collaborators and mentors over the past few years.
Function of the Transplanted Heart: Unique Physiology and Therapeutic Implications

Orthotopic heart transplantation has become an established treatment for selected patients with refractory heart failure. Long-term survival rates are superior to those resulting from other forms of therapy for that patient population. In addition, an improved quality of life has been reported by many patients. However, despite these encouraging results, the transplanted heart does not provide the recipient with normal cardiac function. Cardiac physiology after heart transplantation is unique. Resting hemodynamics differ significantly, acutely and chronically, from those seen in healthy subjects. In addition, neural mechanisms undergo changes as a result of surgical denervation. Afferent control mechanisms and efferent responses both are altered, leading to important clinical abnormalities. Examples include altered cardiovascular responses to exercise, altered cardiac electrophysiology, and altered responses to cardiac pharmacologic agents. An improved understanding of the changes in cardiac physiology, which occur after heart transplant, may allow the care of these patients to be optimized.
FIT OF THE UNCEMENTED FEMORAL COMPONENT AND THE USE OF CEMENT INFLUENCE THE STRAIN TRANSFER TO THE FEMORAL CORTEX

To determine whether the strain patterns produced in the femoral cortex after uncemented femoral arthroplasty are influenced by the fit of the component and whether these patterns are different from those of cemented components, cortical surface strains of cadaveric femurs subjected to loads simulating single-limb stance were measured before and after the insertion of uncemented, collared, straight-stemmed femoral components. The effects of press fit, loose fit, and precise fit of the components were evaluated and were contrasted to the strain patterns occurring after insertion of cemented femoral components. Strains varied markedly, depending on the fit of the stem of the uncemented femoral component within the isthmus. Nearly normal patterns of femoral strain were produced when the femoral stem was fit precisely at the isthmus, and the proximal femoral strains were similar to those of the intact state. In contrast, press fit and loose fit at the isthmus altered the strain patterns. The proximal medial axial strains were significantly reduced with press fit, to a mean of 39% of normal (p < 0.05), and increased with loose fit, to a mean of 141% of normal (p < 0.05). The prostheses fixed with cement showed a mean reduction in proximal medial axial strains to 33% of normal, which was comparable with press fit uncemented components even though the collar was well seated. Thus, our findings indicated that, in the immediate postoperative period, femoral strain patterns can be influenced by the fit of an uncemented component within the isthmus and by the use of cement.
Fruit type, life form and origin determine the success of woody plant invaders in an urban landscape

The spread of alien plant species is a critical ecological event worldwide, but the forces that control this spread are not well documented. Alien plant species are well known to disrupt ecological services of native ecosystems, change the composition of native habitats, and often lead to the extirpation of native flora and fauna. Here, we report on life history patterns of plant species with rapidly spreading and declining ranges in North America’s major urban region. We tested for differences in life history traits between the 466 native and alien woody flora of the New York metropolitan area. We also examined the relationship between life history traits and change in distribution in the New York metropolitan area between 1900 and 2000. Native and alien species of the New York metropolitan area differ with respect to pollination vector and breeding system. However, pollination vector and breeding system are not associated with success, defined here as increasing range spread in the urban environment; instead, fruit type (dispersal), life form and origin are important determinants of success. Alien species that are deciduous trees, shrubs or vines with fleshy fruit are the most successful in increasing their distribution in this urban landscape. Newly introduced species with these characteristics are expected to have a better chance at establishing in similar urban landscapes and should be targets for intensive management. The ability to predict which alien species will become invasive is also a valuable tool for the prevention of invasions by newly introduced plant species.
Microscopic Reversibility for Rates of Chemical Reactions Carried Out with Partial Resolution of the Product and Reactant States

Applications of the principle of microscopic reversibility are considered for reaction rates measured in experiments that reveal some of the dependence on the rotational, vibrational, and/or translational states of the reactants or products. Each type of measurement establishes a characteristic set of quantum states for the reactants and products, suggesting that removal of trivial statistical factors (densities of states) from the data to retrieve a purely dynamical quantity ω(E), the state‐to‐state reaction rate suitably averaged over the initial and final sets of states at fixed total energy E. This quantity is fully symmetric with respect to the direction of the reaction—either the forward or reverse rate coefficient can be obtained by multiplying ω with the proper density of final states. Thus ω reflects the intrinsic probability of the process, disregarding the statistical bias introduced by the nature of the experiment itself. Methods of accurate computation of state densities appropriate to sev...
MEASUREMENTS OF INFRARED RADIATION DIVERGENCE IN THE ATMOSPHERE WITH THE DOUBLE-RADIOMETER AND THE BLACK BALL

Abstract A double-radiometer for measuring infrared radiation divergence in the atmosphere is described. Three soundings with this instrument and the black ball are compared. General agreement exists between the radiometer divergence measurements and the divergence computed from the black-ball data. One sounding indicates that the atmosphere can be warmed by infrared radiation where the black ball is warmed above air temperature. An atmospheric emissivity has been computed from the radiometer data and compared with the relative humidity.