cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A V-Band BiCMOS power detector for millimeter-wave applications

This paper presents a V-Band Bi-CMOS 55nm power detector designed to be used in mmWave circuits for automatic level control (ALC) and built-in self test (BIST). The proposed detector shows a simulated detection range of about 35 dB in the 50 GHz to 90 GHz frequency band. Sensitivity to -30 dBm input power is demonstrated thanks to the use of common base bipolar transistor as input stage. The design and optimization steps are described in order to provide a general methodology to design high performance power detectors.
Modification of Abnormal Gametic Ratios in Drosophila. I. Evidence for an Influence of Y Chromosomes and Major Autosomes on Gametic Ratios from Bar-Stone Translocation Males.

IF one considers the meiotic behavior of two pairs of non-homologous chromosomes, designating one pair A and A’ and the other pair B and B’, then it is expected that A will separate from A’ and B from B’ and that, following a random assortment of the two pairs of chromosomes, four gametic types (AB, A’B’, AB’ and A’B) will be produced with, under ordinary circumstances, equal frequency. NOVITSKI and I. SANDLER (1957) reported a case in Drosophila melanogaster in which they showed that, despite the absence of evidence for departures from regular separation and random assortment in their experiments, certain gametic types were, nonetheless, recovered appreciably more frequently than others. They studied the kinds of gametes produced by Drosophila males carrying the Bar translocation of STONE, T ( 1 ;4) Bs, where A or XD represents the large distal piece of a broken X chromosome attached to the centric piece of a broken fourth chromosome, and A’ or IV a normal fourth chromosome, and where B or Xp represents the proximal centric piece of the broken X chromosome, marked with the mutant Bar, and having the remaining acentric piece of the broken fourth chromosome attached to its free end, and B’ or Y a normal Y chromosome (Figure 1 ) . The relative frequencies of the four gametic types, XD + Xp, IV -F Y, XD + Y, and IV 4- Xp, observed in their experiments are given below in row I, and the relative rates of recovery of the members of each homologous pair of chromosomes are given in row 111.
The Reform of the Chapter of Sées (1131) Reconsidered: The Evidence of the Episcopal Acta

This paper reexamines the reform of the cathedral chapter of Sees in 1131. It does so by looking primarily, though not exclusively, at the almost 400 acta – that is, the charters and documents –issued by the bishops of the diocese in the period up to 1220. It shows that this underused material has the potential better to contextualise this key event in the ecclesiastical history of medieval France and radically to improve our understanding of its wider effects. It also looks in detail at the careers of the bishops during this period and shows that these prelates, contrary to popular belief, were often supportive not only of the reform established within their cathedral, but also of the wider Augustinian movement. It concludes by briefly considering what the example of Sees can tell us about the regularisation of cathedral chapters in the Middle Ages.
The Soul of Supervision: Counselor Spirituality

Because spirituality training for counselors and supervisors is vital to counselor development, the authors examined the relationships between purpose in life, the integration of spirituality into supervision, and the supervisory working alliance among a sample of supervisors and trainees. Supervisors reported a greater sense of purpose and spiritual discussion during supervision than trainees. Trainees' personal sense of purpose was positively related to spiritual discussions with a supervisor and to an emphasis on client issues in supervision.
The key role of differential diagnosis in diagnosis

Differential diagnosis, that is, the creation of a list of suspected diseases, is important as it guides us in looking for these diseases in a patient during diagnosis. If a disease is not included in differential diagnosis, it is not likely to be diagnosed. It is important to include uncommon as well as common diseases in differential diagnosis.
Opioid Dependence and Prolonged Length of Stay in Lumbar Fusion: A Retrospective Study Utilizing the National Inpatient Sample 2003-2014.

STUDY DESIGN Retrospective cohort utilizing the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) 2003 to 2014. OBJECTIVE To investigate the association of opioid dependence with prolonged length of stay (LOS), costs, and surgical complications in elective one-to-two level lumbar fusion. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Opioids are the most commonly prescribed drug class to treat back pain. Few studies have examined the impact of opioid dependence on spinal fusion outcomes. The data available show inconsistent conclusions regarding the association between opioid dependence and LOS. METHODS Data from 1,826,868 adult elective one-to-two level lumbar fusion discharges in the NIS from 2003 to 2014 were included. Discharges were categorized into an opioid-dependent or unaffected cohort based on the presence or absence of an International Classification of Disease, Ninth Revision-Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) code for opioid dependence. Incidence of opioid dependence was compared between 2003 and 2014 via adjusted Wald tests. Patient and surgical characteristics, costs, and complications were compared between cohorts via chi-square tests or adjusted Wald tests for categorical and continuous variables, respectively. Patient and surgical factors were tested for association with prolonged LOS via univariable logistic regressions, and significant (P ≤ 0.01) factors were included in a multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS Seven thousand nine hundred sixty-four (0.44%) discharges included a diagnosis of opioid dependence. The incidence of opioid dependence increased from 2003 to 2014. Opioid dependence was associated with an adjusted 2.11 times higher odds of prolonged LOS. Opioid-dependent discharges accrued higher costs and had higher frequencies of infection, device-related complications, hematoma- or seroma-related complications, acute posthemorrhagic anemia, and pulmonary insufficiency. CONCLUSION This nationally-representative study suggests that opioid dependence is associated with prolonged LOS in lumbar fusion, as well as higher costs and higher frequencies of surgical complications. Further investigations are needed to determine the optimal method to treat opioid-dependent patients who require lumbar fusion. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3.
General Aspects of Cancer Chemotherapy in the Aged

Age is one of the most important prognostic factors affecting outcome in the treatment of patients with neoplastic diseases. The negative impact of age is almost uniformly encountered with any solid tumor or hematologic malignancy. Detailed analysis of the negative implications of age on therapeutic outcome uncover tumorrelated factors, host-related factors and some degree of the interaction between tumor and host-related factors. For example, it is generally accepted that histologic or cytologie subtype of Hodgkin’s Disease or the acute leukemias have an important effect on outcome. The general observation is that the prognosis for Hodgkin’s Disease is worse on older i.e. > 60 years of age compared to younger patients i.e. in the 20–30 year age group. However, it is not the diagnosis of Hodgkin’s Disease per se that has a poorer prognosis in elderly patients but rather the impact of a more aggressive variant of Hodgkin’s Disease (lymphocyte depleted) which has a higher frequency of occurrence in elderly patients compared to younger patients. Likewise, the frequency and duration of response as well as curability of ALL1 in elderly patients is much lower than that possible in children. Reasons for this lesser effect include the fact that elderly patients with ALL have not only a higher frequency of biphenotypic ALL but also a higher frequency of Philadelphia chromosome positive ALL, both of which have negative prognostic implications in any age group. Older patients with AML1 more commonly have a history of antecedent myelodysplasias or secondary leukemias, historical features that have a negative prognostic impact in any age group.
Spontaneous left atrial rupture in dogs.

Atrial rupture in man is most often the result of traumatic injury or myocardial infarction (1)- More recently, left atrial rupture was recognized in a human patient with primary valvular disease and no evidence of myocardial infarction (2).
Assessing Synaptic Density in Alzheimer Disease With Synaptic Vesicle Glycoprotein 2A Positron Emission Tomographic Imaging.

Importance Synaptic loss is well established as the major structural correlate of cognitive impairment in Alzheimer disease (AD). The ability to measure synaptic density in vivo could accelerate the development of disease-modifying treatments for AD. Synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A is an essential vesicle membrane protein expressed in virtually all synapses and could serve as a suitable target for synaptic density. Objective To compare hippocampal synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A (SV2A) binding in participants with AD and cognitively normal participants using positron emission tomographic (PET) imaging. Design, Setting, and Participants This cross-sectional study recruited 10 participants with AD and 11 participants who were cognitively normal between November 2015 and June 2017. We hypothesized a reduction in hippocampal SV2A binding in AD, based on the early degeneration of entorhinal cortical cell projections to the hippocampus (via the perforant path) and hippocampal SV2A reductions that had been observed in postmortem studies. Participants underwent high-resolution PET scanning with ((R)-1-((3-(11C-methyl-11C)pyridin-4-yl)methyl)-4-(3,4,5-trifluorophenyl)pyrrolidin-2-one), a compound more commonly known as11C-UCB-J, for SV2A. They also underwent high-resolution PET scanning with carbon 11–labeled Pittsburgh Compound B (11C-PiB) for β-amyloid, magnetic resonance imaging, and cognitive and neurologic evaluation. Main Outcomes and Measures Outcomes were11C-UCB-J–specific binding (binding potential [BPND]) via PET imaging in brain regions of interest in participants with AD and participants who were cognitively normal. Results Ten participants with AD (5 male and 5 female; mean [SD] age, 72.7 [6.3] years; 10 [100%] β-amyloid positive) were compared with 11 participants who were cognitively normal (5 male and 6 female; mean [SD] age, 72.9 [8.7] years; 11 [100%] β-amyloid negative). Participants with AD spanned the disease stages from amnestic mild cognitive impairment (n = 5) to mild dementia (n = 5). Participants with AD had significant reduction in hippocampal SV2A specific binding (41%) compared with cognitively normal participants, as assessed by11C-UCB-J–PETBPND(cognitively normal participants: mean [SD]BPND, 1.47 [0.37]; participants with AD: 0.87 [0.50];P = .005). These reductions remained significant after correction for atrophy (ie, partial volume correction; participants who were cognitively normal: mean [SD], 2.71 [0.46]; participants with AD: 2.15 [0.55];P = .02). Hippocampal SV2A-specific bindingBPNDwas correlated with a composite episodic memory score in the overall sample (R = 0.56;P = .01). Conclusions and Relevance To our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate synaptic density in vivo in AD using11C-UCB-J–PET imaging. This approach may provide a direct measure of synaptic density, and it therefore holds promise as an in vivo biomarker for AD and as an outcome measure for trials of disease-modifying therapies, particularly those targeted at the preservation and restoration of synapses.
Measurement Error and Misclassification in Electronic Medical Records: Methods to Mitigate Bias

We sought to (1) examine common sources of measurement error in research using data from electronic medical records (EMR), (2) discuss methods to assess the extent and type of measurement error, and (3) describe recent developments in methods to address this source of bias. We identified eight sources of measurement error frequently encountered in EMR studies, the most prominent being that EMR data usually reflect only the health services and medications delivered within the specific health facility/system contributing to the EMR data. Methods for assessing measurement error in EMR data usually require gold standard or validation data, which may be possible using data linkage. Recent methodological developments to address the impact of measurement error in EMR analyses were particularly rich in the multiple imputation literature. Presently, sources of measurement error impacting EMR studies are still being elucidated, as are methods for assessing and addressing them. Given the magnitude of measurement error that has been reported, investigators are urged to carefully evaluate and rigorously address this potential source of bias in studies based in EMR data.
Aspirin suppresses tumor cell-induced angiogenesis and their incongruity.

Tumor neovascularization/tumor angiogenesis is a pathophysiological process in which new blood vessels are formed from existing blood vessels in the primary tumors to supply adequate oxygen and nutrition to cancer cells for their proliferation and metastatic growth to the distant organs. Therefore, controlling tumor angiogenesis is an attractive target for cancer therapy. Structural abnormalities of the vasculature (i.e., leakiness due to the abnormal lining of pericytes on the microvessels) are one of the critical features of tumor angiogenesis that sensitizes vascular cells to cytokines and helps circulating tumor cells to metastasize to distant organs. Our goal is to repurpose the drugs that may prevent tumor angiogenesis or normalize the vessels by repairing leakiness via recruiting pericytes or both. In this study, we tested whether aspirin (ASA), which could block primary tumor growth, regulates tumor angiogenesis. We investigated the effects of low (1 mM) and high (2.5 mM) doses of ASA (direct effect), and ASA-treated or untreated triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells’ conditioned media (indirect effect) on endothelial cell physiology. These include in vitro migration using modified Boyden chamber assay, in vitro capillary-like structure formation on Matrigel, interactions of pericytes-endothelial cells and cell permeability using in vitro endothelial permeability assay. We also examined the effect of ASA on various molecular factors associated with tumor angiogenesis. Finally, we found the outcome of ASA treatment on in vivo tumor angiogenesis. We found that ASA-treatment (direct or indirect) significantly blocks in vitro migration and capillary-like structure formation by endothelial cells. Besides, we found that ASA recruits pericytes from multipotent stem cells and helps in binding with endothelial cells, which is a hallmark of normalization of blood vessels, and decreases in vitro permeability through endothelial cell layer. The antiangiogenic effect of ASA was also documented in vivo assays. Mechanistically, ASA treatment blocks several angiogenic factors that are associated with tumor angiogenesis, and suggesting ASA blocks paracrine-autocrine signaling network between tumor cells and endothelial cells. Collectively, these studies implicate aspirin with proper dose may provide potential therapeutic for breast cancer via blocking as well as normalizing tumor angiogenesis.
DeepFP: A Deep Learning Framework For User Fingerprinting via Mobile Motion Sensors

In this paper, we propose a deep learning framework for user fingerprinting via mobile motion sensors, DeepFP, which can identify and track users based on their behavioral patterns while interacting with the smartphone. Existing machine learning techniques for user identification are classification-oriented and thus are not amenable easily to large-scale, real world deployment. They need to be trained on all the users whom they want to identify. DeepFP exploits metric learning techniques and deep neural networks to address the challenges of current user identification techniques. We leverage feature embedding to directly extract informative features and map input samples to a discriminative lower-dimensional space, where recurrent neural networks are used to model the temporal information of data. DeepFP does not need to re-train to identify new users which makes it feasible to be used in real world scenarios with a huge number of users, without needing a large number of training samples. Experiments on a publicly available mobile sensors dataset and comparison with other embedding methods depict the effectiveness of DeepFP.
Using iBook Features to Support English Language Learners and Struggling Readers

Technology can play an important role in the development of reading fluency. Taking notes, recording brainstorm sessions, peer-reviewing, and publishing are all skills that support students in beco...
Understanding the Fate of the Oxyallyl Cation Following Nazarov Electrocyclization: Sequential Wagner—Meerwein Migrations and the Synthesis of Spirocyclic Cyclopentenones.

With properly controlled conditions, the sequence gives unusual spirocyclic compounds either with adjacent tertiary stereocenters such as (II) and (X) or with adjacent quaternary centers such as (III), (V) and (VIII) depending on the steric bulk of the substituents at C-5.
Studying the factors that impact the dissolution characteristic of complex drug product.

This article summarizes the critical factors involved in product development of a single dosage form formulated by compacting ethyl cellulose (EC) coated controlled release pellets into a tablet. T...
How can Congress Prevent the Issuance of Poor Quality Patents? Questions for the Record for Colleen V. Chien

This is a submission of responses by Prof. Colleen Chien to questions for the record posed by Sen. Thom Tillis (R-N.C.) and Chris Coons (D-Del.) at a October 30th hearing of the Senate Judiciary Committee’s Subcommittee on Intellectual Property, entitled, "Promoting the Useful Arts: How can Congress prevent the issuance of poor quality patents?"
Lincoln's Mercenaries: Economic Motivation among Union Soldiers during the Civil War. By William Marvel. (Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State University Press, 2018. Pp. xviii, 329. $48.00.)

The scholarly consensus holds that a majority of the men who fought in the Civil War were personally and deeply committed to the Union and Confederate causes. In Lincoln's Mercenaries, however, Wil...
Managerial Opportunism and Corporate Investment Efficiency

How does managerial opportunism affect corporate investment efficiency? Prior research establishes corporate investment efficiency as a function of the firm’s information environment and internal governance. We examine how managerial opportunism is an agency conflict that distorts corporate investment policy. We use an ex-ante firm level measure of managerial opportunism proxied with the insider trading activity of top executives and test its effects on firm investment efficiency and performance. Our results show that managerial opportunism decreases firm investment efficiency and has negative effects on both accounting and stock performance. Further tests show that both the quality of the information environment and internal governance moderate the negative effects of managerial opportunism, providing a unique perspective on how insider trading policy and regulation can affect corporate investment policy. Our results are robust to alternative proxies for firm governance, which includes board co-option, alternative model specifications, and tests for endogeneity.
Extraction of mRNA from Stalled Ribosomes by the Ski Complex.

Summary The evolutionarily conserved Ski2-Ski3-Ski8 (Ski) complex containing the 3′→5′ RNA helicase Ski2 binds to 80S ribosomes near the mRNA entrance and facilitates 3′→5′ exosomal degradation of mRNA during ribosome-associated mRNA surveillance pathways. Here, we assayed Ski’s activity using an in vitro reconstituted translation system and report that this complex efficiently extracts mRNA from 80S ribosomes in the 3′→5′ direction in a nucleotide-by-nucleotide manner. The process is ATP dependent and can occur on pre- and post-translocation ribosomal complexes. The Ski complex can engage productively with mRNA and extract it from 80S complexes containing as few as 19 (but not 13) 3′-terminal mRNA nucleotides starting from the P site. The mRNA-extracting activity of the Ski complex suggests that its role in mRNA quality control pathways is not limited to acceleration of exosomal degradation and could include clearance of stalled ribosomes from mRNA, poising mRNA for degradation and rendering stalled ribosomes recyclable by Pelota/Hbs1/ABCE1.
Regional Variation in Rates of Total Knee Arthroplasty Among Medicare Beneficiaries

Importance Rates of total knee arthroplasty vary widely across the United States. Whether this variation is associated with differences in patient characteristics or physician practice is unknown. Objectives To determine regional variations in rates of total knee arthroplasty after accounting for the prevalence of knee arthritis and other potentially associated patient risk factors and to assess the correlation of these variations with measures of access to care and surgical indications. Design, Setting, and Participants This retrospective national cohort study used Medicare data on more than 24 million deidentified beneficiaries annually from 2011 to 2015. Individuals included had fee-for-service coverage, were 65 to 89 years of age, and resided in 1 of 306 health referral regions. Data were analyzed from September 13, 2018, to August 15, 2019. Main Outcomes and Measures Rate of primary total knee arthroplasty indexed to the national rate using observed to expected ratios. The expected numbers of arthroplasty procedures were derived from estimates based on beneficiaries’ demographic and clinical characteristics. Observed to expected ratios were confounded by race/ethnicity; thus race/ethnicity–stratified analyses were conducted. Results In 2011, there were 218 282 total knee arthroplasty procedures among 24 583 706 white Medicare beneficiaries (mean [SD] age 74.2 [6.9] years; 54.6% women). The rate of arthroplasty during the study period (5 years) was 9.3 per 1000 person-years. Adjustment for clinical characteristics reduced the spread in observed to expected ratios among regions by 29% compared with adjustment for age and sex alone. However, substantial variation remained, with observed to expected ratios that ranged from 0.61 in Newark, New Jersey, to 1.82 in Idaho Falls, Idaho. High ratios were primarily present in the upper Midwest, Great Plains, and Mountain West regions. Higher ratios were associated with regions where beneficiaries had fewer outpatient visits (Spearman correlation [r], −0.64; 95% CI, −0.70 to −0.56) and with regions having more surgeons per capita who performed knee arthroplasty (r = 0.27; 95% CI, 0.16-0.37). Higher ratios were associated with higher rates of arthroplasty procedures among beneficiaries with dementia (r = 0.36; 95% CI, 0.25-0.46), peripheral vascular disease (r = 0.52; 95% CI, 0.42-0.61), and skin ulcers (r = 0.43; 95% CI, 0.32-0.53), which are relative contraindications to arthroplasty. Conclusions and Relevance Substantial regional variation in rates of total knee arthroplasty remained after adjustment for patient characteristics. Coexistence of high observed to expected ratios and high rates among patients at greater surgical risk suggested overuse of knee arthroplasty in some regions.
Formulae and Tables

In using APL to do straightforward evaluations of arithmetic formulae, the input expression is usually so close to the algebraic statement of the formula that it scarcely merits formal description as a program. One of the considerable advantages of APL over other programming languages is that where only one algebraic quantity is involved in the formula this can often be generalized to a vector, or indeed a higher order array, to give multiple evaluations with no change in APL input. Here are some examples : Area of a circle oR⋆2 Volume of a sphere o4× (R⋆3) ÷ 3 Conversion from Centigrade to Fahrenheit 32+1.8×C If conversion of a range of Centigrade degrees to Fahrenheit were required at 10 degree intervals, use $${\text{32 }} + {\text{ 1}}.{\text{8x}}C \leftarrow 0,{\text{ 1}}0{\text{x}}\wr {\text{1}}0$$ When more than one variable is involved in the formula, outer products can be used to obtain simultaneous evaluations.
Can Agrifood Biotechnology Help the Poor

This chapter completes the review of socioeconomic risks from food and agricultural gene technologies begun in Chap. 8. Here, the focus is on challenges to the claim that gene technologies make or will make substantial contributions to the welfare of poor and marginalized people, especially in the less industrialized regions of Africa, Asia and Latin America. The institutional organization of science is central to the debate. Public laboratories and experiment stations contributed important critics allege that past innovations but patents, changes in funding patterns and other features of gene technology limit the future prospects of non-for-profit innovations in the food system. As such, an ethical analysis of biotechnology’s ability to help the poor must engage issues in the organization and incentives driving the research. These include the capacity and willingness of commercial enterprises to serve needs of the poor.
Urban evapotranspiration of green spaces in arid regions through two established approaches: a review of key drivers, advancements, limitations, and potential opportunities

Urban Evapotranspiration (ET) plays a crucial role in controlling irrigation water demand. The estimation of urban ET is difficult because of high spatial variability of urban surfaces. This paper ...
Occult Perirectal Abscess Causing Acute Urinary Retention.

Acute urinary retention (AUR) is a common symptom evaluated in the emergency department. It is generally due to an obstructive process such as benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and can be treated simply with an indwelling foley catheter and urological follow up. Perirectal abscess is a relatively rare cause of urinary retention with no documented prevalence but when present is almost universally accompanied by perirectal pain. We present a 53-year-old male with a four-day history of urinary retention without perirectal pain or additional symptoms, who was found to have a perirectal abscess on digital rectal exam (DRE) and confirmed on computed tomography (CT) imaging.
The bat-and-ball problem: a word-problem debiasing approach

Three experiments explored the effects of word problem cueing on debiasing versions of the bat-and-ball problem. In the experimental condition order, participants solved a simpler isomorphic versio...
Surface Modeling for Airborne Lidar

Repeat-visit airborne lidar is a powerful tool for change detection in urban and rural environments. In this work, we present a learning-based approach that addresses one of the key challenges in comparing point cloud scans of the same region: handling geometric differences caused by varying sensor position. Our approach is to perform shape modeling through ray casting with a point cloud neural network. Recent work on learning-based shape modeling has been based on the assumption that an explicit surface representation is available, which is not the case for airborne lidar datasets. Our key insight is that by using a ray casting approach we can perform shape modeling directly with lidar measurements. We evaluate our method both quantitatively and qualitatively on learned surface accuracy and show that our method correctly predicts surface intersection even in sparse regions of the input cloud.
Phase-stabilized complex-decorrelation angiography

In this study, we developed a novel phase-stabilized complex-decorrelation (PSCD) optical coherence tomography (OCT) angiography (OCTA) method that can generate high quality OCTA images. This method has been validated using three different types of OCT systems and compared with conventional complex- and amplitude-based OCTA algorithms. Our results suggest that in combination with a pre-processing phase stabilization method, the PSCD method is insensitive to bulk motion phase shifts, less dependent on OCT reflectance than conventional complex methods and demonstrates extended dynamic range of flow signal, in contrast to other two methods.
Comparison of immune checkpoint inhibitor-related neuropathies among patients with neuroendocrine and non-neuroendocrine tumours

Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) indications have broadened considerably in the last few years.1 The aim of this study is to provide an update on clinical presentations, serological associations and outcomes of ICI-related neuropathy (irNeuropathy) in the context of expanding use of cancer immunotherapy for neuroendocrine tumours. All patients with irNeuropathy who were evaluated at Mayo Clinic from 01 January 2015 to 10 October 2020 were identified by electronic medical record search. Patients with neuropathies secondary to cytotoxic chemotherapy, radiation, diabetes, structural or compressive aetiologies, prior to administration of ICIs were excluded. Clinical presentations, electrodiagnostic features, autoantibody profiles and clinical outcomes were reviewed. Twenty patients (13 males) with irNeuropathy were identified. Median age was 64 (range 31–81) years. Two patients (10%) had a diagnosis of autoimmune disorders prior to ICI initiation; one with Graves’ disease and the other with rheumatoid arthritis. ICI regimens included programmed cell death-1 receptor (PD-1) or programmed death-ligand 1 inhibitors (n=15, 75%), cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) inhibitor (n=2, 10%) and a combination of PD-1 and CTLA-4 (n=3, 15%). The median number of ICI cycles and median time from ICI initiation to onset of irNeuropathy symptoms were 2.5 cycles (range 1–20) and 9 weeks (range 1–56), respectively. ICIs were discontinued for all patients after diagnosis of irNeuropathy. Two non-neuroendocrine patients were restarted on different type of ICIs after irNeuropathy had resolved; one of these patients developed recurrent ICI-related phrenic neuropathy. ### Neuroendocrine tumour associated irNeuropathies All neuroendocrine tumour patients (small cell lung cancer, n=3; Merkel cell cancer, n=1) with irNeuropathies were seropositive for onconeural antibodies (type 1 antineuronal nuclear antibody (ANNA1, anti-Hu), n=2; ANNA1 and collapsin response …
Song preferences predict the quality of vocal learning in zebra finches

Abstract In songbirds, learning to sing is a highly social process that likely involves social reward. Here, we hypothesized that the degree to which a juvenile songbird learns a song depends on the degree to which it finds that song rewarding to hear during vocal development. We tested this hypothesis by measuring song preferences in young birds during song learning and then analyzing their adult songs. Song preferences were measured in an operant key-pressing assay. Juvenile male zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata) had access to two keys, each of which was associated with a higher likelihood of playing the song of their father or that of another familiar adult (“neighbor”). To minimize the effects of exposure on learning, we implemented a reinforcement schedule that allowed us to detect preferences while balancing exposure to each song. On average, the juveniles significantly preferred the father’s song early during song learning, before they were themselves singing. At around post-hatch day 60, their preference shifted to the neighbor’s song. At the end of the song learning period, we recorded the juveniles’ songs and compared them to the father’s and the neighbor’s song. All of the birds copied father’s song. The accuracy with which the father’s song was imitated was positively correlated with the peak strength of the preference for the father’s song during the sensitive period. Our results show that preference for a social stimulus, in this case a vocalization, predicted social learning during development.
How host phenology impacts multi-season epidemic cycles

Abstract Parasite-host interactions can result in periodic population dynamics when parasites over-exploit host populations. The timing of host seasonal activity, or host phenology, determines the frequency and demographic impact of parasite-host interactions which may govern if the parasite can sufficiently over-exploit their hosts to drive population cycles. We describe a mathematical model of a monocyclic, obligate-killer parasite system with seasonal host activity to investigate the consequences of host phenology on host-parasite dynamics. The results suggest that parasites can reach the densities necessary to destabilize host dynamics and drive cycling in only some phenological scenarios, such as environments with short seasons and synchronous host emergence. Further, only parasite lineages that are sufficiently adapted to phenological scenarios with short seasons and synchronous host emergence can achieve the densities necessary to over-exploit hosts and produce population cycles. Host-parasite cycles can also generate an eco-evolutionary feedback that slows parasite adaptation to the phenological environment as rare advantageous phenotypes are driven to extinction when introduced in phases of the cycle where host populations are small and parasite populations are large. The results demonstrate that seasonal environments can drive population cycling in a restricted set of phenological patterns and provides further evidence that the rate of adaptive evolution depends on underlying ecological dynamics.
The association between sinusitis and survival among individuals infected with the human immunodeficiency virus.

The purpose of this study was to determine the association between sinusitis and survival among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons. All patients enrolled in the adult spectrum of disease data base from November 1, 1990 to November 1, 1999 were included. Patients were followed until death, loss to follow-up, or the end of the study on January 10, 2000. A Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the association between sinusitis, various other cofactors, and survival. Of the 7513 HIV-infected patients followed, 57% were < 35 years old, 59.5% were black, 78.5% were male, and 20.8% had an opportunistic infection (OI) at entry. The incidence of one or more diagnoses of sinusitis in the cohort was 14.5%. The mean entry CD4 count for the entire cohort was 347.8 (SD, 298.9) and the mean follow-up time was 33.2 months (SD, 25.7). The mean CD4 count at the time of sinusitis diagnosis was 391 (SD, 316). In the multivariate analysis, older age and lower CD4 cell count were associated with death. Sinusitis, gender, and race were not associated with survival. Sinusitis is frequent in individuals infected with HIV. After adjusting for level of immunodeficiency, age, gender, and race, sinusitis is not associated with an increased hazard of death. This may have implications for treatment, because a diagnosis of sinusitis does not portend a poor prognosis in individuals infected with HIV.
Fourier Descriptor Classification of Differential Eddy Current Probe Impedance Plane Trajectories

A technique involving the use of Fourier descriptors for characterizing impedance plane trajectories to facilitate defect classification is presented. The Fourier descriptors are obtained by expanding the complex contour function in a Fourier series. Functions of Fourier coefficients which are invariant under transformation of the trajectory are derived and incorporated into a feature vector. Defect classification is obtained by using the K-Means algorithm to cluster the feature vectors. The principal advantage of the approach lies in the ability to reconstruct the curve from the coefficients. Other advantages include the insensitivity of the descriptors to drift in the eddy current instrument as well as variations in probe speed. Experimental evidence attesting to the ability of the approach to discriminate between trajectories and hence identify defects is presented.
The genetics of chloroplast enzymes

N PLANT CELLS many enzymes of intermediary metabolism are present as systems of isozymes with one present in the cytoplasm, the mitochondrion and/or the chloroplastt 3 5. Many previous genetic studies of the mode of inheritance of these enzymes have not included information on their possible subcellular location. In addition, formal genetic analysis of plastid isozymes has yet to be reported, although the fructose 1,6-diphosphate aldolase of pea chloroplasts has been shown not to be maternally inherited'. Most plastid enzymes are synthesized on cytoplasmic ribosomes 2 , 5 , suggesting that they are coded by nuclear genes. In this paper we present data on the genetic basis of five enzymes found in the chloroplast. Results of linkage tests between pairs of these genes as well as between certain plastid and cytoplasmic isozymes are also reported.
Complement-Induced Expression of Chemokine Genes in Endothelium: Regulation by IL-1-Dependent and -Independent Mechanisms

Activation of complement in the vicinity of endothelium is thought to contribute to the tissue manifestations of inflammatory and immune responses. Endothelial cells contribute to these processes in part by the elaboration of chemokines that activate various leukocytes and direct their migration into tissues. We investigated the mechanisms by which activation of complement on endothelial cell surfaces might influence the expression of chemokine genes in endothelial cells. In a model for the immune reaction occurring in a xenograft, human serum, as a source of xenoreactive anti-endothelial Abs and complement, induced expression of the monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), IL-8, and RANTES genes. The MCP-1 and IL-8 genes were expressed within 3 h as a first phase and at >12 h as a second phase. The RANTES gene was expressed in porcine endothelial cells only 12 h after exposure to human serum. The expression of these genes required activation of complement and assembly of membrane attack complex, as it was inhibited by soluble CR1 and did not occur in the absence of C8. The early phase of MCP-1 and IL-8 gene expression did not require de novo protein synthesis. The late phase of MCP-1, IL-8, and RANTES gene expression predominantly required the production of IL-1α as an intermediate step. The results indicate that the expression of chemokine genes in endothelial cells occurs as a function of differential responses to complement and may in part be conditioned by the availability of IL-1α.
The Global S1 Tide

The small S1 ocean tide is caused primarily by diurnal atmospheric pressure loading. Its excitation is therefore unlike any other diurnal tide; in particular, pressure loading is maximum near the equator where the diurnal gravitational potential is zero. The global character of the S 1 tide is here determined by numerical modeling and by analysis of Ocean Topography Experiment (TOPEX)/Poseidon satellite altimeter data. The two approaches yield reasonably consistent results. Amplitudes exceeding 1 cm in several regions are further confirmed by comparison with coastal tide gauges. Notwithstanding their excitation differences, S 1 and other diurnal tides are found to share several common features, such as relatively large amplitudes in the Arabian Sea, the Labrador Sea, the Sea of Okhotsk, and the Gulf of Alaska. The most noticeable difference is the lack of an S 1 Antarctic Kelvin wave. These similarities and differences can be explained in terms of the coherences between neardiurnal oceanic normal modes and the underlying tidal forcings. Whereas gravitational diurnal tidal forces excite primarily a 28-h Antarctic‐Pacific mode, the S 1 air tide excites several other near-diurnal modes, none of which has large amplitudes near Antarctica.
Short-pulse-probe SAW profilometry of integrated acousto-optic filters

In this paper, we systematically compare the two methods of profilometry for two generations of integrated acousto-optical tunable filters (AOTFs), one with uniform AOTF-the classical geometry, and the sinusoidally-weighted SAW-coupler-based AOTF which is the archetypal sidelobe-suppressed AOTF design. This work is the first comparison of these profilometry techniques, and further represents the first use of the simple technique of short pulse profilometry to examine the complex SAW waveguide geometries needed for passband control. Devices operating in the 1550 nm optical communication band have been evaluated.
Endotoxin shock in the dog. Alterations in hemodynamic and hematologic parameters during bolus and infusion studies.

Abstract Alterations in mean aortic pressure, central venous pressure, renal vein pressure, and renal artery flow were studied following endotoxin administration in the dog. Following the administration as an intravenous bolus, a fall in mean aortic pressure, a fall in renal artery flow, and a concomitant rise in renal venous pressure were demonstrated. The observed decrease in platelet and white cell counts was found to be similar in aortic and renal vein blood. The hemodynamic and hematologic findings were similar when endotoxin was given in a 6 hour infusion. Fibrin deposition could not be demonstrated by histologic means in kidney, liver, or lung tissue in animals receiving endotoxin as a bolus or as an infusion of up to 6 hours.
Cryo-electron microscopic localization of protein L7/L12 within the Escherichia coli 70 S ribosome by difference mapping and Nanogold labeling.

Abstract The Escherichia coliribosomal protein L7/L12 is central to the translocation step of translation, and it is known to be flexible under some conditions. The assignment of electron density to L7/L12 was not possible in the recent 2.4 A resolution x-ray crystallographic structure (Ban, N., Nissen, P., Hansen, J., Moore, P. B., and Steitz, T. A. (2000)Science 289, 905–920). We have localized the two dimers of L7/L12 within the structure of the 70 S ribosome using two reconstitution approaches together with cryo-electron microscopy and single particle reconstruction. First, the structures were determined for ribosomal cores from which protein L7/L12 had been removed by treatment with NH4Cl and ethanol and for reconstituted ribosomes in which purified L7/L12 had been restored to core particles. Difference mapping revealed that the reconstituted ribosomes had additional density within the L7/L12 shoulder next to protein L11. Second, ribosomes were reconstituted using an L7/L12 variant in which a single cysteine at position 89 in the C-terminal domain was modified with Nanogold (Nanoprobes, Inc.), a 14 A gold derivative. The reconstruction from cryo-electron microscopy images and difference mapping placed the gold at four interfacial positions. The finding of multiple sites for the C-terminal domain of L7/L12 suggests that the conformation of this protein may change during the steps of elongation and translocation.
Exergy-based model predictive control for building HVAC systems

Exergy has been extensively used to assess the efficiency of energy systems. This metric is relevant to quality of energy and is also a measure of sustainability. In this paper, exergy model of a building is presented and exergy destruction is formulate as a function of the physical parameters of the building model and environment. The exergy model is then used to develop model predictive control (MPC) strategy based on the minimization of exergy destruction. Compared to a traditional on-off controller, the proposed exergy-based model predictive control (XMPC) achieves 22% decrease in exergy destruction and 36% reduction in energy consumption for the building. Simulation results also demonstrate the benefit of XMPC compared to energy-based MPC (EMPC). The results indicate XMPC leads to 4% less exergy destruction compared to EMPC while providing 12% more energy saving.
Distressed and Looking for Help: Internet Intervention Support for Arthritis Self-Management

Abstract Purpose Focusing on youth with juvenile arthritis (JA), this study investigates eHealth interventions as a means to develop services to improve the health of youth with chronic conditions. Internet use and preferences for Internet-based interventions were compared among youth with high and low psychosocial quality of life (PS-QL) scores. Methods Youth with JA (n = 134; high PS-QL, n = 67; low PS-QL, n = 67) completed the MyRheum online survey, which assessed physical functioning, psychosocial health, Internet usage, and amount of time spent using social networking Web sites. Youth indicated their choice, interest, and preferences in using a Web site for youth with JA. The t tests, chi-squared tests, and Fisher exact tests were used to assess significance between high and low PS-QL groups. Results Youth with lower PS-QL reported greater intrusiveness of their condition across life's activities than did youth with higher PS-QL. Low PS-QL was associated with spending more than 1 hour per day using social networking sites and having used the Internet to find information on various health and substance use topics. Youth with lower PS-QL expressed more interest in messaging others, online forums, building personal profiles, and networking with other teens than did youth with higher PS-QL. Both those with high and low PS-QL preferred online to in-person support groups. Conclusions Many youth with JA report low PS-QL and identify interest in Internet-based supportive interventions. The next generation of eHealth interventions for youth with JA, and possibly other chronic conditions, may better address their needs by recognizing the diversity of experiences and tailoring intervention strategies accordingly.
Source speed estimation using a pilot tone in a high frequency acoustic modem

In this paper, the authors propose to estimate the Doppler velocity of a moving high-frequency underwater acoustic modem source. Hermes, as this modem is known, currently uses a robust moving average estimate for Doppler compensation. A new auto-regressive approach to Doppler estimation provides better estimates. Simulation results indicate that, at a constant velocity of 2 m/s and in the presence of additive noise (with a signal-to-noise ratio of 75 dB), the Doppler velocity is estimated with an RMSE of 0.23 m/s using moving average vs. 0.00018 m/s for the auto-regressive approach. An experiment was also conducted to compare the estimated Doppler velocity obtained using the two algorithms. The setup consisted of a receiver hydrophone attached to a towing carriage that moved with a known velocity relative to a stationary acoustic source. The source transmitted 375 kHz pilot tone. The accuracy of the algorithms was compared against the true velocity values of the carriage in the presence of noise and multipath. At a constant velocity of 0.4 m/s and for a signal-to-noise and interference ratio of 6.3 dB, the RMSE was 0.6055 m/s using moving average vs. 0.0780 m/s using auto regressive approach.
Poorly controlled type 1 diabetes mellitus associated with liver glycogen deposition and abnormal liver enzymes

Poorly controlled type 1 diabetes mellitus associated with liver glycogen deposition and abnormal liver enzymes