cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Determinants not correlated with HLA-Dw, DR, or SB detected by primed lymphocyte typing☆

Abstract We have identified a new HLA-Dw cluster, defined by five HTCs: 8W309 from the Eighth International Workshop, MN-LS and Bin-40 obtained locally. THO (Hansen), and RZoo (Hsu). Although highly associated with DR4, LD40 appears to be distinct from Dw4 and Dw10 {Hum Immunol 4:249. 1982}. PLT studies on LD40 were performed using intrafamilial PLT prepared in haploidentical combinations in which both stimulator and responder carried DR4 on the second haplotype and priming was only against LD40 or associated determinants. These reagents were apparently LD40-specific, as they were restimulated by ali DR4-LD40-positive cells with good discrimination from DR4-positive, LD40-negative cells. Whereas priming in a HLA-Dw-incompatible. DR-compatible combination produces PLT reagents with reactivities associated with the incompatible Dw specificity, further analysis of the D region is simplified if there is Dw and DR matching in the priming combination. A second type of reagent was generated using intrafamilial PLT prepared in a family in which two LD40 haplotypes were segregating: responder and stimulator shared one haplotype, and both carried DR4-LD40 on the second haplotype but associated with different A, B, and C antigens. This reagent appeared to recognize determinant(s) associated with several different haplotypes: among the subcultures derived from this reagent, several were found in which positive restimulation did not correlate with any particular A, B, C, DR, Dw, or SB/PL3/D β type. These results suggest that the PLT test may detect (a) shared or cross-reactive antigenic determinants of HLA-Dw/DR as presently defined and/or (b) determinants distinct from Dw and DR. Although some of the latter, as detected by subcultures, appear to correlate with SB specificities, other show no correlation with presently defined Dw, DR, or SB antigens.
A slip surface isolation system for multistory buildings

Abstract The dynamic response characteristics of a slip surface isolation system having restraints which produce a bilinear hysteresis are investigated. Design issues pertaining to base isolated structures are reviewed with regard to slip surface systems. The proposed restraint mechanism results in three parameters which can be selected so as to produce the optimal behavior for a given structure. Results show that the proposed system can be effective in reducing accelerations in the structure and that it may offer certain advantages compared to other isolation devices.
Repeat balloon dilation of congenital valvar aortic stenosis: immediate results and midterm outcome.

While balloon dilation (BD) has become the initial treatment for congenital valvar aortic stenosis (CVAS) at many institutions, repeat BD for recurrent obstruction has been reported only in a few. Between January 1985 and December 1996, 298 patients (70 neonates) underwent BD, 34 of whom underwent a repeat BD without mortality. A greater proportion of neonates had a repeat BD (26% vs. 8%, P < 0.001). At repeat BD (1 day–7.5 years post initial BD), the mean peak-to-peak gradient was reduced from 67 ± 24 to 36 ± 16 mm Hg (P < 0.0001). Aortic regurgitation (AR) increased immediately in 26%, being moderate or more in 24%. During a mean follow-up of 5.2 years, there was one surgically related death. Of the 33 survivors, 6 had surgery for residual stenosis and/or AR. Among the remaining 27 patients, 96% were asymptomatic, the peak instantaneous aortic valve Doppler gradient was 50 ± 15 mm Hg with AR absent in 8%, mild in 62%, and moderate or more in 31%. In conclusion, repeat BD is effective and without mortality. AR was at least moderate in 24% of patients immediately after a second BD. Repeat BD was more common in patients who underwent the initial BD as neonates. Cathet. Cardiovasc. Intervent. 47:47–51, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
A general identification condition for causal effects

This paper concerns the assessment of the effects of actions or policy interventions from a combination of: (i) nonexperimental data, and (ii) substantive assumptions. The assumptions are encoded in the form of a directed acyclic graph, also called "causal graph", in which some variables are presumed to be unobserved. The paper establishes a necessary and sufficient criterion for the identifiability of the causal effects of a singleton variable on all other variables in the model, and a powerful sufficient criterion for the effects of a singleton variable on any set of variables.
Investigating the mechanisms of learning from a constrained preparation for future learning activity

Many studies have shown benefits associated with engaging students in problem-solving activities prior to administering lessons. These problem-solving activities are assumed to activate relevant knowledge and allow students to develop some initial knowledge structures, which support understanding of the lesson. In this paper we report the results of two studies in which we investigated the underlying benefits of engaging in a preparatory activity—setting up experiments without running them or receiving feedback—prior to an interactive computerized lesson on experimental design compared to only engaging in the interactive lesson. We predicted that the seventh-grade participants who demonstrated some initial knowledge of the topic—experimental design—would benefit more from spending the whole time engaged in instructional activities. However, we expected students who did not demonstrate initial knowledge would benefit more from engaging in the preparatory activity, which would allow them to activate or develop initial knowledge that would aid their understanding of the subsequent instruction. The predicted condition by initial knowledge interaction was found in both studies. In Study 1, the benefit of only engaging in the instruction was found only for the lowest-knowledge of students who demonstrated initial knowledge. For students who did not demonstrate some initial knowledge, the benefit of completing the preparatory activity appeared to be due to the development of an understanding of the general goal of the activity rather than of specific knowledge of experimental design. Based on this finding, in Study 2, we investigated an initial goal by condition interaction. In fact, students who did not express an understanding of the task goal on the pretest benefited from engaging in the preparatory activity and students who did benefited more from the instruction. Again, this benefit appeared to be due to students’ development of an appropriate understanding of the task goal during the preparatory activity.
Simultaneous use of geological, geophysical, and LANDSAT digital data in uranium exploration

In southern Libya, in an 850-km2 area of uranium-bearing crystalline rocks, which had been mapped geologically in 1974 and over which concurrent low-altitude gamma-ray spectrometry (total count) and magnetics were also flown, a fourteen man-month pilot study was made using multivariate statistical methods of merged datasets from quantified geological, geophysical, and LANDSAT data. Key to the analysis were, 1. 1. The use of a new grid by which to resample the datasets, oriented with the specific azimuth of a LANDSAT-2 pass, with spacings defined by the average pixel sizes of that coverage. 2. 2. Scaled, 1:1 aspect-ratio computer printouts, which were used as the base maps for the grid and which were compared to semi-controlled photomosaics, geological, and geophysical maps, all at 1:50,000 scale. 3. 3. A “defocused” LANDSAT cell, of almost 480×458 m, achieved by averaging 8 pixels (West—East) by 6 pixels (North—South). In being still clamped to the geometry of LANDSAT, this facilitated the extraction of the radiance datasets from the satellite coverage. 4. 4. Thirty-one parameters were extracted from the 1:50,000 scale geological maps, and two geophysical parameters obtained by resampling the contoured geophysical maps. 5. 5. Appreciating that LANDSAT data are also quantified geophysical matricies and that from them 6 nonredundant ratios could be obtained. A total of ten LANDSAT variables were thereby extracted. 6. 6. Multivariate analysis of 43 variables for the 3364 cells was performed. Transformations of the variables to approximate the normal distribution were necessary to effectively apply the discriminant function analysis. The results included contoured probability maps of uranium prediction, with analysis of the role and the relative contribution of each of the 43 parameters. By far, the key parameters for the geological set were contact relationships (lengths/cell) and for LANDSAT were the average brightness of channel 6 and ratio 7/4. Adding the LANDSAT data significantly increased the definition and spatial coherence of the anomalies, retaining some of the key contact lengths but adding more information from the geological maps (rock percentages/cell, etc.) with which LANDSAT (here) shows high agreement. The extraction of the multivariate signatures (geological and geophysical and LANDSAT for this study area, would allow extension to adjoining areas, as the geological framework of this test site extends an appreciable (500 km) distance to the east and to the west, as well as south into the N. Chad uranium belts. Automation of some of the data extraction and data-handling steps has been completed recently. Considerable further development of the methodology is underway, particularly with respect to the statistical treatment of the data, as well as the continued parametric analysis of this excellent data set, especially the use of linear regression against the radiometric data.
Sample preparation for determining ions in dark colored sodic soil extracts

Saturation paste extracts of sodic soils (pH >8.5 and electrical conductivity <4.0 dS m-1) usually contain dark colored, suspended organic matter that interferes with colorimetric, turbidimetric, potentiometric, ion chromatographic (IC) and to a lesser extent, atomic absorption spectrophotometry and flame emission procedures. Bicarbonate also interferes with formate analysis by IC in those extracts. This study was conducted to develop a simple pretreatment method for removing those interferences without introducing new interferences. Fifteen mL extract samples were titrated to pH 8.4, then to 4.7 and finally to a pH range of 3.0 to 3.5 with standardized H2S04 or HCl. The first two end points determine CO23- and HCO3 concentrations. The third pH adjustment removed the HCO3 interference from the formate analysis and allowed for organic matter coagulation. The acid choice depended on whether CL- or SO24- was to be measured later. To remove the organic matter, the extracts were centrifuged and forced through a 0.2-µm nylon filter following 0.08 M AlCl3 or 0.04 M Al2(SO4)3 treatments. Formate and acetate concentrations were determined by IC. The concentrations were determined by colorimetric, and IC procedures. The SO24- concentrations were measured turbidimetrically and by IC. The extracts were analyzed for Ca2+ and Mg2+ by atomic adsorption spectrophotometry, and Na+ and K+ by flame emission. Titrating the extracts as described provided CO23- and HCO3- data, removed the HCO3 interference from the formate analysis, and allowed Al3+ to coagulate the suspended organic matter, which was then removed by centrifugation and filtration. This pretreatment did not interfere with any of the analytical methods tested, except for cation determination by IC and anion determination by IC when methyl orange was used as a pH end point indicator.
Lorentz ether theory versus relativity — The possibility of new experimental evidence

Abstract Lorentz ether theory can be formulated in a way that makes it equivalent to relativity under the circumstances of all experiments performed so far except two recent ones which have an accuracy almost sufficient to decide between the theories.
Soils and Micro-organisms from Mount Erebus, Antarctica

WHILE conducting pedological and biological studies in the ice-free areas of East Antarctica, one of us (F. C. U.) and Dr. H. Janetschek had the opportunity in February 1962 to climb Mount Erebus. Considered the only active volcano known in Antarctica, Mount Erebus (3,721 m) consists of trachyte, kenyte, basalt and other volcanic rocks1. Extensive ice and snow cover limits the soil occurrence to the lower snow-free slopes, to exposed rock projections, a few areas near the hot fumaroles, and in the vicinity of the active crater.
Orthotopic expression of human 15-lipoxygenase (LO)-1 in the dorsolateral prostate of normal wild-type C57BL/6 mouse causes PIN-like lesions.

Abstract The lipid-peroxidating enzyme, 15-lipoxygenase (LO)-1 and its metabolite, 13- S -hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid (13- S -HODE), likely contribute to prostate tumorigenesis. Thus, this study evaluated adenovirus-mediated overexpression of 15-LO-1 on normal mouse prostate. Adenovirus expressing either human 15-LO-1 tagged with green fluorescent protein (GFP) or GFP alone was orthotopically injected into the dorsolateral prostates of C57BL/6 mice, three times over the course of 60 days. On day 90, pathological changes in prostate tissue were assessed by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. Expression of the proliferation marker Ki-67 was evaluated by immunohistochemistry and expression of angiogenesis markers were analyzed by an antibody array. Based on the latter study, immunoprecipitation analysis was used to measure the effect of 13- S -HODE, with or without conditioned media, on fibroblast growth factor-a and b (FGF-a and FGF-b) expression in human PrEC (normal prostate epithelial), PrSMC (normal prostate smooth muscle) and PrSC (normal prostate stromal) lines. Expression of viral 15-LO-1-GFP, but not GFP alone, resulted in the development of a prostate intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN)-like phenotype with increased expression of Ki-67. Aberrant 15-LO-1 expression also induced the angiogenic markers FGF-a and FGF-b. Human PrEC, PrSMC and PrSC lines demonstrated an increase in FGF-b expression upon stimulation with 13- S -HODE, which was further increased by the addition of conditioned media from the epithelial or smooth muscle cells. Using adenoviral mediated 15-LO-1 gene delivery, this study suggests that aberrant 15-LO-1 overexpression in normal prostate can trigger events leading to prostate epithelial and stromal cell proliferation. Thus, our findings demonstrate the effectiveness of this viral system for 15-LO-1 expression studies in tissues.
Poly(α-hydroxyl acids)/hydroxyapatite porous composites for bone-tissue engineering. I. Preparation and morphology

Tissue engineering has shown great promise for creating biological alternatives for implants. In this approach, scaffolding plays a pivotal role. Hydroxyapatite mimics the natural bone mineral and has shown good bone-bonding properties. This paper describes the preparation and morphologies of three-dimensional porous composites from poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) or poly(D,L-lactic acid-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) solution and hydroxyapatite (HAP). A thermally induced phase separation technique was used to create the highly porous composite scaffolds for bone-tissue engineering. Freeze drying of the phase-separated polymer/HAP/solvent mixtures produced hard and tough foams with a co-continuous structure of interconnected pores and a polymer/HAP composite skeleton. The microstructure of the pores and the walls was controlled by varying the polymer concentration, HAP content, quenching temperature, polymer, and solvent utilized. The porosity increased with decreasing polymer concentration and HAP content. Foams with porosity as high as 95% were achieved. Pore sizes ranging from several microns to a few hundred microns were obtained. The composite foams showed a significant improvement in mechanical properties over pure polymer foams. They are promising scaffolds for bone-tissue engineering.
New string partition functions with vanishing cosmological constant.

We present a series of new one-loop nonsupersymmetric four-dimensional heterotic-string partition functions that we conjecture to lead to vanishing one-loop cosmological constants. We demonstrate that our partition functions satisfy various requirements imposed by the physical consistency of possible underlying string models, and we discuss the results of an automated search for such models. Although we find no such models directly, we surprisingly discover many sets of models whose partition functions algebraically differ precisely by our expressions. These models thus represent new and unexpectedly degenerate points in the space of string-field-theory vacua.
Latencies on last error in paired-associate learning

Response latency was measured in a paired-associate experiment with 3 response alternatives and 12 stimulus items. The mean error latency showed a rapid initial increase compared to the mean success latency. Further analysis revealed that the mean latency on the trial of last error was considerably larger than mean latencies on trials before or after the trial of last error.
Ground-penetrating radar measurement of crop and surface water content dynamics

Abstract Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) with a suspended 1 GHz horn antenna was deployed for measurement of soil water contents and crop canopy properties over bare and electrically terminating surfaces. Surface reflection (SR) and signal propagation times (PT) were used to independently determine dielectric permittivity and water content of soil and canopy. Measured surface reflection coefficients progressively decreased with increasing canopy biomass according to Beer-Lambert type relationships. In contrast, PT measurements remained unaffected by canopy, and hence provided an accurate account of soil water content dynamics. Immediately after canopy removal, SR-based soil water content measurements were in close agreement with PT values. Canopy dielectric properties were inferred from canopy water contents ( ɛ c-CWC ) and canopy propagation times ( ɛ c-CPT ). Distinct canopy reflections were correlated with key canopy biophysical parameters. The study demonstrates the usefulness of a horn antenna GPR for characterization of vegetation canopy scattering, and for subcanopy water content measurements within a well-defined footprint, thereby offering a potential for calibration and verification of radar data collected from air- and spaceborne platforms.
Too Busy to Show Up? An Analysis of Directors' Absences

This study contributes to the debate on the benefits and costs of multiple directorships by investigating the impact of multiple directorships on board meeting attendance. Individuals with multiple board seats (or "busy" directors) exhibit a higher tendency to be absent from board meetings. The results are robust even after controlling for firm-specific characteristics, board-of-directors structure and endogeneity. Furthermore, our results do not support the hypothesis that directors with higher ownership stakes are more motivated to attend board meetings. Monetary inducements such as board meeting fees and annual director retainers do not appear to enhance attendance. Finally, the enactment of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act appears to have a material impact on board attendance.
Management of Patent Saphenous Vein Grafts During Reoperative Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting

A patient was referred for coronary artery bypass reoperation. After a left internal mammary artery was grafted to the left anterior descending coronary artery, the diseased but patent old saphenous vein graft was ligated. This resulted in severe myocardial failure, which was corrected only after restoration of flow through the old vein graft. We suggest the decision to ligate or replace an old vein graft should be individualized to avoid the risk of myocardial ischemia.
Surgical technique for resection of cavernous malformations of the brain stem

Brain stem cavernous malformations have been recognized increasingly as neuroradiographic techniques have improved. Their natural history can pursue a malignant course, but some lesions can remain clinically silent for years. It is difficult to predict the frequency and severity of each hemorrhage, although conservative or surgical management can be recommended in certain situations. Typically, patients with multiple hemorrhages, progressive deficits, severe mass effect, or lesions that clearly reach a pial surface are considered appropriate surgical candidates. Patients with asymptomatic lesions or with a significant rim of normal tissue should be followed conservatively. This article reviews the natural history of these lesions and elucidates successful preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative strategies for the management of brain stem cavernous malformations.
Survival in an “all boys club”: policewomen and their fight for acceptance

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the experiences of policewomen to determine the extent to which female officers face resistance and obstacles to police work, to examine the coping mechanisms female officers utilized to overcome impediments encountered, and to establish common themes in female officers' success stories of acceptance and integration.Design/methodology/approach – Owing to the difficulty in accessing female officers, the current research utilizes in‐depth qualitative interviews through snowball sampling. This methodology provided a rich sample of tenured female officers' experiences to explore resistance and integration.Findings – The findings suggest despite early occupational experiences of sexual harassment, discrimination, and disrespect, after long tenures, female officers do achieve acceptance in police work. Female officers are holding high civil service ranks in police agencies and achieving new “firsts” every day, including breaking into stereotypically masculine as...
The application of sensory extinction procedures to self-injury

Abstract The present study assessed whether sensory extinction procedures would be effective in treating some instances of self-injury. Three developmentally disabled children participated, each evidencing self-injury that was thought to be motivated by sensory rather than social reinforcement. Using reversal designs and a quasi-multiple baseline, sensory extinction procedures were introduced to remove the tactile stimulation from head-banging and face-scratching. The results showed the following: (1) the treatments were effective for all three children, immediately and substantially reducing the rate of self-injury; (2) the treatments required minimal child surveillance and staff training; (3) maintenance of treatment gains was programmed with a stimulus-fading procedure; (4) the target child and other children in the class continued to work without disruption while the treatments were in effect; and (5) teachers found the procedures ethically acceptable, and reported a large reduction in anxiety while the treatment was in effect.
SU-E-J-98: 3D Tracking of Interfraction Patient Setup Uncertainties Using Multiple Kinect Sensors.

Purpose: On‐board optical 3D imaging enables measuring daily setup patient uncertainties without involving any additional imaging‐induced radiation dose to critical structures. We hypothesize that the tumor and normal organ deformation caused by routine patient head and neck misalignments can be determined by coupling a quantitative patient‐specific biomechanicalmodel with quantitative skin surface 3D imaging.Methods: A set of 3D cameras are used to track the patient anatomy externally. One of the cameras employed a marker less face recognition and tracking for delineating the region of the patient's face. The location of the face was then shared among the camera controllers in real‐time and the anatomical contour that closely matches the face region is selected and integrated to form a single 3D anatomical representation. Patient surface aligning was performed between the patient's external surface obtained from a reference 3D anatomy (simulation CT, MRI, patient surface map from previous fraction) and the above‐mentioned camera system to quantify the daily patient setup variations. For each of the 3D patient surface, a point feature histogram (PFH) was first generated. Once the PFH descriptors were generated, a non‐rigid iterative closest point registration algorithm that minimizes the difference in the PFH descriptor aligns the patient surface to the reference 3D anatomy.Results: The proposed tracking system was able to track both the patient surface setup uncertainty and the internal anatomy when coupledwith a patient specific biomechanical head and neck model.Conclusions: A 3D head and neck tracking system that monitors the interfraction patient setup uncertainties in the head and neck cancer patient is presented. The aligning process was shown to perform for cases with and without the head immobilization system. The external patient surface manifold and the motion vectors will be coupled to align the biomechanicalmodel using model‐guided techniques.
Factors Determining Student Retention of Economic Knowledge after Completing the Principles-of-Microeconomics Course

It is probable that all teachers wonder how much of their instruction stays with the students—and for how long. This question has been examined before, but the authors of this article provide new dimensions and suggest analytical techniques that should be of interest to other economic education researchers. For example, they quantify the rate of depreciation of economic knowledge over time, as well as the “counterdecay effects” of several variables.
Making the case for ongoing and interactive organizational ethics training

This essay discusses the importance of ongoing and interactive ethics training within the scope of human resource development (HRD) practice. Furthermore, the essay adds to the discourse that relates HRD practice and theory involving ethics training.
Reduced aversion to oral capsaicin following neurotoxic destruction of superficial medullary neurons expressing NK-1 receptors.

Aversion to capsaicin (0.1-10 ppm) was assessed using a two-bottle paired preference paradigm, before and after intracisternal injection of substance P conjugated to saporin (SP-SAP) to ablate neurons in superficial medullary and cervical dorsal horn that express NK-1 receptors. Before SP-SAP, there was a concentration-dependent decrease in consumption of capsaicin with a threshold of 0.1-0.3 ppm. Following SP-SAP, significantly more capsaicin solution was consumed at 1- and 10-ppm concentrations. These results support a role for substance P in the mediation of high, but not low, levels of capsaicin-induced oral irritation.
Radio Imaging Of Launch Vehicles And Payloads

We study analytically the detection and tracking of rockets and payloads by microwave or millimeter-wave passive radio temperature measurements, using radio astronomical tech-niques. Such targets may be viewed from synchronous equatorial orbit against either the warm earth or cold sky as background. Their observability depends on the temperature difference between target and background. Simultaneous measurements of output power of multiple antenna beams are processed by spatial filters, to yield a reconstructed image. The image model consists of multiple point targets, viewed against a uniform background. We assume stationary targets in the present work. For background measurements of the warm earth without targets, or for multiple targets that are not well-resolved, Wiener spatial filters are appropriate. In contrast, the best linear processor for well-resolved targets uses matched spatial filters. We relate the system performance to the target, background, antenna, and receiver parameters, for these different types of linear processors.© (1988) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Fitting periphrastic do in affirmative declaratives

Abstract Whereas the logistic curve can be used to model the increase in the percentage of periphrastic do in several types of English sentences, a different fit to the data for affirmative declaratives is needed. Two possible fits are considered in this paper, both based on a generalized logistic differential equation with a time-dependent coefficient. Linear and piecewise constant coefficients are used. Linguistic and practical implications of the two approaches are discussed.
On functions in p-adic BMO and the distribution of prime integers

We study the spaces BMOp of functions of bounded mean oscillation modeled on a p-adic martingale, and determine their relationship with the ordinary, continuous space BMO of functions of bounded mean oscillation. Somewhat surprisingly, these results are related to information about the distribution of primes.
Pathogenesis of degenerative temporomandibular joint arthritides

Over the past decade, remarkable progress has been made in the study of molecular mechanisms involved in degenerative temporomandibular joint arthritides. Based on recent findings, models of degenerative temporomandibular joint disease predict that mechanical loads trigger a cascade of molecular events leading to disease in susceptible individuals. These events involve the production or release of free radicals, cytokines, fatty acid catabolites, neuropeptides, and matrix-degrading enzymes. Under normal circumstances, these molecules may be involved in the remodeling of articular tissues in response to changing functional demands. However, if functional demands exceed the adaptive capacity of the temporomandibular joint or if the affected individual is susceptible to maladaptive responses, then a disease state will ensue. An individual's susceptibility to degenerative temporomandibular joint disease may be determined by several factors, including genetic backdrop, sex, age, and nutritional status. It is hoped that, by furthering our understanding of the molecular events that underlie degenerative temporomandibular joint diseases, improved diagnostics and effective therapies for these debilitating conditions will be developed.
The Dielectric Constant of Several Gases at a Wave-Length of 3.2 Centimeters

The dielectric constants of dry air, oxygen, water vapor, ethyl alcohol, ethyl chloride, chloroform, and acetone have been measured at a frequency of 9340 megacycles using the beat frequency method. With the exception of water vapor, the measurements were made at room temperature. For water vapor measurements were made over a temperature range of 293 to 342 degrees Kelvin.
Older adult users of outpatient mental health services.

Descriptive demographic, clinical and interview data from clients of an outpatient mental health clinic for older adults are presented. These clients are better educated and have a more frequents history of marital difficulties than older adults in general. Although a significant minority received V code and Adjustment Disorder diagnoses, the majority were depressed and had histories of prior mental health services. Economic factors are a major issue in seeking services.
Green function of the inhomogeneous Helmholtz equation with nonuniform refraction index, using quaternion analysis

In this paper we first show in the framework of quaternion analysis how the fundamental solutions of the Dirac operators with vector potential can be obtained. Then, we use the obtained results to present a derivation of the exact analytic Green function for the Helmholtz equation, i.e., (▵+|a(x)|2)G0(x)=δ(x), for the case a(x) is a monogenic (analytic) vector potential.
RECENT MARINE SEDIMENTS IN SAANICH INLET, A STAGNANT MARINE BASIN1

Saanich Inlet, a fjord on the eastern side of Vancouver Island, has HsS in the bottom waters during most of the year. Recent marinc sediments in the inlet include three clistinctly different types. Black, fine-graincd, varved clayey silts containing H& and large amounts of diatom frusEulcs and carbonaceous organic materials occur in the central part of the inlet. Olive-gray silts with moderate concentrations of organic materials and rcducing capacities occur on the sill at the entrance to the inlet. The nearshorc sands and gravels have low organic contents and low reducing capacity. Carbonate-rich sediments occur near a limestone quarry and cement factory. A carbon-nitrogen ratio of 7 is typical of the sediments in the inlet. Five sources of sediment can bc distinguished: ( 1) carbonaceous and siliceous organic matter from marinc organisms, principally planktonic diatoms, (2) suspcndcd scdimcnt in low-salinity water brought from the Fraser and Cowichan rivers, (3) material eroded from adjacent shorelines, (4) streams discharging into the inlet, and (5) the cement plant and limestone quarry at: Bambcrton. The varvcd sediments in the central basin consist of olive-gray laminac, apparently formed during the peak diatom production in spring or summer and olive-black laminac, containing larger mounts of terrigenous sediment, probably formed during the autumn and winter, Zones of nonlaminated sediment may be formed by terrigenous material or by the disruption of the laminated sediment by other physical processes. No evidence of burrowing organisms has been detected. Four to 6 mm of wet sediment are deposited each year in the southern portion of t]lc inlet. If this rate is typical of the basin as a whole, approximately 10G metric tons of s&imcnt are deposited each year. At least 25-35s of this sediment is dcrivcd from nlarinc organisms.
Use of an ion guide collision cell to improve the analytical performance of an inductively coupled plasma time-of-flight mass spectrometer

Abstract An axial-acceleration inductively coupled plasma time-of-flight mass spectrometer has been equipped with an octopole ion guide/collision cell. Ion-energy experiments prove that instrument duty cycle improves by up to 100% over values determined for conventional ion optics. Both sensitivity and noise were found to decrease with the ion guide in place. Consequently, limits of detection for most elements were found to be comparable to those calculated for conventional ion optics. The exceptions are low-mass ions that enjoy only a relatively small gain in duty cycle and thus exhibited significantly degraded detection capability. Collisional cooling caused the spectral resolving power to improve by up to 80% compared to the conventional optics. Ion chemistry within the collision cell permitted the determination under robust plasma conditions of potassium, calcium, and iron, elements that usually suffer from isobaric overlaps. Improved resolving power helped reduce the adverse effects of hydrocarbon background ions generated by reactions within the ion guide.
d-Amino Acid Mediated Recruitment of Endogenous Antibodies to Bacterial Surfaces

The number of antibiotic resistant bacterial strains has been continuously increasing over the last few decades. Nontraditional routes to combat bacteria may offer an attractive alternative to the ongoing problem of drug discovery in this field. Herein, we describe the initial framework toward the development of bacterial d-amino acid antibody recruitment therapy (DART). DART represents a promising antibiotic strategy by exploiting the promiscuity of bacteria to incorporate unnatural d-amino acids and subsequently recruit antibodies to the bacterial surface. The conjugation of 2,4-dinitrophenyl (DNP) to various d-amino acids led to the discovery of a d-amino acid that specifically tags the surface of Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus for the recruitment of anti-DNP antibodies (a highly abundant antibody in human serum). This system represents a novel strategy as an antibacterial therapy that targets planktonic Gram-positive bacteria.
Objective Bayesian model selection in Gaussian graphical models

SUMMARY This paper presents a default model-selection procedure for Gaussian graphical models that involves two new developments. First, we develop a default version of the hyper-inverse Wishart prior for restricted covariance matrices, called the hyper-inverse Wishart g-prior, and show how it corresponds to the implied fractional prior for selecting a graph using fractional Bayes factors. Second, we apply a class of priors that automatically handles the problem of multiple hypothesis testing. We demonstrate our methods on a variety of simulated examples, concluding with a real example analyzing covariation in mutual-fund returns. These studies reveal that the combined use of a multiplicity-correction prior on graphs and fractional Bayes factors for computing marginal likelihoods yields better performance than existing Bayesian methods.
Peripheral Hearing Loss Causes Hyperexcitability of the Inferior Colliculus

Abstract Growing evidence has been found to suggest that early development of the central auditory system is dependent on acoustic stimuli. Peripheral damage caused by noise exposure and ototoxic drugs can induce functional and anatomical changes along the auditory pathways. The inferior colliculus (IC) is a unique structure in the auditory system located between the primary auditory nuclei of the brainstem and the thalamus. Damage to the IC inhibitory circuitry may affect central auditory processing and sound perception. Here, we review some of the striking electrophysiological changes in the IC that occur after noise exposure and ototoxic drug treatment. A common occurrence that emerges in the IC after peripheral damage is hyperexcitability of sound-evoked response. The hyperexcitability of the IC is likely related with reduced inhibitory response that requires normal peripheral inputs. Early age hearing loss can result in a long lasting increased susceptibility to audiogenic seizure which is related to hyperactivity in the IC evoked by loud sounds. Our studies suggest that hearing loss can cause increased IC neuron responsiveness which may be related to tinnitus, hyperacusis, and audiogenic seizure.
Success & Scale in a Data-Producing Organization: The Socio-Technical Evolution of OpenStreetMap in Response to Humanitarian Events

OpenStreetMap (OSM) is a volunteer-driven, globally distributed organization whose members work to create a common digital map of the world. OSM embraces ideals of open data, and to that end innovates both socially and technically to develop practices and processes for coordinated operation. This paper provides a brief history of OSM and then, through quantitative and qualitative examination of the OSM database and other sites of articulation work, examines organizational growth through the lens of two catastrophes that spurred enormous humanitarian relief responses-the 2010 Haiti Earthquake and the 2013 Typhoon Yolanda. The temporally- and geographically- constrained events scope analysis for what is a rapidly maturing, whole-planet operation. The first disaster identified how OSM could support other organizations responding to the event. However, to achieve this, OSM has had to refine mechanisms of collaboration around map creation, which were tested again in Typhoon Yolanda. The transformation of work between these two events yields insights into the organizational development of large, data-producing online organizations.
Crystal chemistry of V3O5 and related structures

Abstract V 2 O 3 single crystals have been grown by chemical vapor transport with HCl and TeCl 4 . Crystals grown with TeCl 4 contain V 3 O 5 , as verified by X-ray analysis, and this affects the low temperature transition. Polycrystalline V 2 O 3 has also been prepared containing various amounts of V(IV). Magnetic data for these samples demonstrate the sensitivity of V 2 O 3 to small substitutions of V(IV) for V(III). A similar substitution of Ti(IV) into V 2 O 3 does not result in any change in the transition temperature, although the magnitude of the transition decreases.
Resonance spectrum of the strongly interacting symmetry-breaking sector

Within the chiral Lagrangian formalism it is possible to describe the general strongly coupled symmetry-breaking sector in terms of a few parameters. Based on a dispersive approach we study the resonance spectrum up to 3 TeV in chiral parameter space. This procedure could also be useful to extract higher energy resonant behavior from low-energy collider data. It is also shown how the method reproduces the correct pole structure of resonances as well as other analytic features. The results also hint at a possible excluded region of parameter space.
First-principles calculations of the theoretical tensile strength of copper

Abstract Three ab initio calculations of the theoretical tensile strength of an ideal crystalline metal (f.c.c. Cu) are presented. The first two employ a full band-theoretic approach to compute the cohesive energy as a function of uniaxial lattice deformation. One of these is based on non-self-consistent KKR calculations using the muffin-tin approximation. The other uses the self-consistent augmented spherical wave (ASW) method. The third calculation is based on a new, non-empirical pair potential φ that can be expressed formally in terms of the cohesive energy E and can be evaluated if E is known as a function of the nearest-neighbour distance r 1. The theoretical tensile strengths obtained using these three approaches differ by about 40%, but all are consistent with available measurements.
Zero-sound studies in superfluid 3 He

The propagation of 5-, 15-, and 25-MHz sound in superfluid 3He has been studied in zero magnetic field over a wide pressure range. Measurements of the structure and location of the attenuation peaks, velocity changes, and the low-temperature attenuation are described. The degree of strong coupling in the B phase is discussed. Observations of superheating and supercooling near the polycritical point have been extended and comparison is made with theory.
Epizootic Carcinoma in the Winter Flounder, Pseudopleuronectes americanus

The winter flounder, Pseudopleuronectes americanus, is an esteemed food fish and has sustained an important commercial and recreational fishery for many years in the northeastern United States. Histopathologic examinations of hepatic tissues of winter flounder from Boston Harbor revealed a high prevalence of neoplasms. The lesions, designated as cholangiocarcinomas and hepatocarcinomas, were found in 16 of 200 fish examined and resembled those experimentally induced in rodents by exposure to carcinogens.
Preparation and structures of two compounds containing the tetra(μ-salicylato)dimolybdenum(II) unit

Abstract Reactions of Mo(CO)6 with salicylic acid, o-C6H4(OH)COOH, in diglyme and o-C6H4Cl2 give rise to Mo2(O2CC6H4OH)4·2(diglyme),1 and Mo2(O2CC6H4OH)4·o-C6H4Cl2, 2 respectively. In 1 the Mo2(O2CC6H4OH)4 molecule resides on a center of inversion and is coordinated in the axial positions by molecules of diglyme. Some important dimensions are: MoMo, 2.101(1) A, MoO(carboxylate), 2.112[4] A, (av), MoO (diglyme), 2.588(2) A. The salicylate OH groups do not interact with the metal atoms at all. The compound crystallizes in space group C2|c with cell dimensions of a = 19.028(2) A; b = 13.230(1) A; c = 18.330(2) A; β = 110.44(1)°; V = 4324(1) A3; Z = 4. In compound 2 there are two independent Mo2(O2CC6H4OH)4 units each residing on a center of inversion and these two dinuclear units (which are essentially identical in their dimensions) are linked into infinite chains with some of the salicylato OH groups of each one serving as axial ligands to its neighbors. The o-C6H4Cl2 molecules are located between the chains with which they have only van der Waals contacts. Key dimensions are: MoMo, 2.092(1), 2.094(1) A; MoO(carboxylato), 2.109[5] A (av.), MoO (axial), 2.601(3), 2.645(3) A. The compound crystallizes in space group P 1 with the following unit cell dimensions: a = 12.441(3) A; b = 14.479(2) A, c = 10.353(3) A; α = 99.30(2)°; β = 97.50(2)°; γ = 111.94(1)°; V = 1670(1) A3; Z = 2.
Single Molecule Analysis of Protein Free U2/U6 snRNAs

Spliceosomes catalyze the maturation of precursor mRNAs in organisms ranging from yeast to humans. Their catalytic core comprises three small nuclear RNAs (U2, U5 and U6) involved in substrate positioning and catalysis. It has been postulated, but never shown experimentally, that the U2-U6 complex adopts at least two conformations that reflect different activation states. We have used single-molecule fluorescence to probe the structural dynamics of a protein-free RNA complex modeling U2-U6 from yeast and mutants of highly conserved regions of U2-U6. Our data show the presence of at least three distinct conformations in equilibrium. The minimal folding pathway consists of a two-step process with an obligatory intermediate. The first step is strongly magnesium dependent, and we provide evidence suggesting that the second step corresponds to the formation of the genetically conserved helix IB. Site-specific mutations in the highly conserved AGC triad and the U80 base in U6 suggest that the observed conformational dynamics correlate with residues that have an important role in splicing.
A Low-Power Processor With Configurable Embedded Machine-Learning Accelerators for High-Order and Adaptive Analysis of Medical-Sensor Signals

Low-power sensing technologies have emerged for acquiring physiologically indicative patient signals. However, to enable devices with high clinical value, a critical requirement is the ability to analyze the signals to extract specific medical information. Yet given the complexities of the underlying processes, signal analysis poses numerous challenges. Data-driven methods based on machine learning offer distinct solutions, but unfortunately the computations are not well supported by traditional DSP. This paper presents a custom processor that integrates a CPU with configurable accelerators for discriminative machine-learning functions. A support-vector-machine accelerator realizes various classification algorithms as well as various kernel functions and kernel formulations, enabling range of points within an accuracy-versus-energy and -memory trade space. An accelerator for embedded active learning enables prospective adaptation of the signal models by utilizing sensed data for patient-specific customization, while minimizing the effort from human experts. The prototype is implemented in 130-nm CMOS and operates from 1.2 V-0.55 V (0.7 V for SRAMs). Medical applications for EEG-based seizure detection and ECG-based cardiac-arrhythmia detection are demonstrated using clinical data, while consuming 273 μJ and 124 μJ per detection, respectively; this represents 62.4t and 144.7t energy reduction compared to an implementation based on the CPU. A patient-adaptive cardiac-arrhythmia detector is also demonstrated, reducing the analysis-effort required for model customization by 20 t.
Nanometer-scale Elasticity Measurements on Organic Monolayers Using Scanning Force Microscopy

Local elastic compliance of organic monolayers (octadecyltriethoxysilane/mica and alkanethiol/gold) has been investigated with nanometer resolution by applying a force modulation technique to an atomic force microscope. Systematic measurements were taken as a function of modulation frequency and amplitude, as well as the local environment surrounding the surface. The topography and local elasticity of the monolayers are contrasted to the bare substrate created by the tip of the atomic force microscope at high imaging force. Under ambient laboratory conditions, the Young's modulus of mica calculated from the elasticity images is lower than the organic monolayer. Soch an observation is not intuitive and can be explained by the thin film of water adsorbed on mica. Water adsorption can change the microscope tip surface interaction. As a result, mica appears as a softer surface than the organic layers. In addition, the elasticity is dramatically enhanced if the modulation frequency coincides with or is close to the natural resonance frequency of the tips of the atomic force microscope. Measurements taken under liquid provide more reproducible and accurate results because the resonance frequency is damped out and capillary interactions are avoided. The measured Young's modulus is also found to increase slightly with increasing modulation amplitude.