cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Genetic Study of Signaling Processes for Repression of PHO5 Transcription in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, transcription of a secreted acid phosphatase, PHO5, is repressed in response to high concentrations of extracellular inorganic phosphate. To investigate the signal transduction pathway leading to transcriptional regulation of PHO5, we carried out a genetic selection for mutants that express PHO5 constitutively. We then screened for mutants whose phenotypes are also dependent on the function of PHO81, which encodes an inhibitor of the Pho80p-Pho85p cyclin/cyclin-dependent kinase complex. These mutations are therefore likely to impair upstream functions in the signaling pathway, and they define five complementation groups. Mutations were found in a gene encoding a plasma membrane ATPase (PMA1), in genes required for the in vivo function of the phosphate transport system (PHO84 and PHO86), in a gene involved in the fatty acid synthesis pathway (ACC1), and in a novel, nonessential gene (PHO23). These mutants can be classified into two groups: pho84, pho86, and pma1 are defective in high-affinity phosphate uptake, whereas acc1 and pho23 are not, indicating that the two groups of mutations cause constitutive expression of PHO5 by distinct mechanisms. Our observations suggest that these gene products affect different aspects of the signal transduction pathway for PHO5 repression.
Implantable Lanterns for Cancer Therapy

One way to eradicate tumors is to heat them while keeping the surrounding tissue cool. For this, metal nanoparticles are typically used because they accumulate in tumor sites and couple with laser light at a specific wavelength to act as thermal generators. However, laser beams quickly lose their intensity as they penetrate tissue, making it difficult to access deeper tissues with an external light source. Bagley et al. provide a possible solution by bringing the light source closer to tumor tissue with implantable devices. The authors engineered several illumination devices that are attached to an external near-infrared laser source to be used in conjunction with intravascularly administered gold nanorods, which heat up when exposed to the light. The designs of candidate devices included silica rods with varying geometries and a fiber optic mesh encased in silicone. The researchers first evaluated the illumination efficiency of their device candidates with a computational model, which used an approximate model of a mouse abdomen with key organs defined by their optical properties, such as scattering and absorption coefficients. At the same time, they characterized the performance of their devices by using them to illuminate plain buffer solutions spiked with the gold nanorods. The results suggested that a 3-cm silica rod with a tapered edge produced the optimal illumination pattern and selective heating of nanorods in the target area. In order to assess the in vivo performance of the identified device, the authors implanted it in the abdominal cavity of an orthotopic mouse model of ovarian cancer. They used implanted thermocouples to show that the test animals exhibited more effective heating of their ovarian tumors, as well as the liver and intestine, as compared with that of controls without nanorods. Even though the temperature elevations in the liver and intestine were not desirable, histological examination confirmed that the tissue viability in those organs remained acceptable. In a separate experiment, the scientists also demonstrated that the local heating enhanced the tumors’ uptake of an anticancer drug, doxorubicin, as well as an imaging contrast agent, highlighting the extended functionality of their device. The ability to access tumors at deeper and more complex anatomical locations with the implantable devices is highly promising for cancer treatment. However, one of the remaining challenges is to improve their selectivity and reduce the heating of healthy tissues that accumulate therapeutic nanoparticles. A. F. Bagley et al. , Plasmonic photothermal heating of intraperitoneal tumors through the use of an implanted near-infrared source. ACS Nano , published online 20 August 2013 (10.1021/nn4033757). [[Pub Med]][1] [1]: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23961973
Seeking Clarity in New Jersey for Leadership Preparation Program Design Confusion, Fragility, and Unintended Consequences

In 2004, the New Jersey Department of Education issued a mandate to the 17 leadership preparation program providers to revise their leadership preparation programs after completing a critical frien...
Inhibition of histamine-metabolizing enzymes and elevation of histamine levels in tissues by lipid-soluble anticancer folate antagonists.

Potent inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase can differ widely in the extent to which they inhibit histamine N -methyltransferase. This difference in activity provided a basis for selecting drugs as candidate anticancer agents which would have minimal interference with histamine metabolism. The drugs were studied in vitro for their effects on histamine N -methyltransferase and diamine oxidase (histaminase), and in vivo for their effects on histamine levels. Of the drugs studied, a trimethoxybenzylaminoquinazoline (TMQ, JB-11) and two diaminopyrimidines, 2,4-diamino-5-(1-adamantyl)-6-methylpyrimidine and metoprine, were found to be the most potent inhibitors of histamine N -methyltransferase in vitro , having Ki , values of 7, 50, and 100 nM, respectively. TMQ and methasquin were potent inhibitors of diamine oxidase, having Ki , values of 4.1 and 3.7 µM, respectively. In vivo , TMQ produced significant elevation of histamine levels in rat brain and kidney. A dimethoxybenzylpyridopyrimidine (BW 301U), a novel lipid-soluble antifolate being advanced for study as an antineoplastic agent, was as potent as methotrexate as an inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase and had minimal effects on histamine levels in vivo . The evidence presented suggests that in the design of novel antifolates the effects of the drugs on histamine metabolism should be determined. The same approach is applicable to other classes of drugs.
Pre-1914 British Capital Market and British Capital Exports

Returning to the analysis of the Jenks-Simon data, we find that between 1865 and 1914, £4.1 billion was called in British capital markets for securities of companies operating overseas and the obligations of foreign and colonial governments at all levels.12 The magnitude of British capital exports has been noted frequently, but its geographic breadth is as impressive as its volume. Over the half-century, Britain invested in 150 countries and colonies including the dependencies of twelve other colonial powers. The global scope of the British market may best be seen from the following: during the earliest years surveyed, 1865–9, governmental bodies and enterprises in 65 nations sought funds in Great Britain; by 1910–14 this number had risen to 120. (See Table 55.) Countries seeking British funds ranged from as few as 27 in 1877 to as many as 86 in 1910, the number of countries and colonies utilizing the British capital market moving in a manner parallel with changes in the volume of capital exports.
The Rise of a Jazz Art World: The New Jazz Age: the jazz art world and the modern jazz renaissance

It is true that no one human being can keep up with the Niagara of jazz recordings, concerts, and festivals, as well as radio, nightclub, and television appearances of jazz musicians … It wasn't always so. To the old-timer of the 20s, who remembers when a few grooves of a few 78-rpm recordings held all the recorded jazz extant, we are swinging through an era of plenty, a renaissance of jazz, which we will some day look back upon with wonder and envy. The sounds of jazz are hitting the public ear from all sides, and, although the conscientious critic necessarily finds that keeping up with it is difficult, in the midst of this great quantity of music, a new and qualitative change seems to be taking place. Marshall Stearns, “What is Happening to Jazz,” Down Beat Music 1961 , 1961: 28 As a founding member of the United Hot Clubs of America in 1935, Marshall Stearns was selected by Down Beat in its annual review to reflect on the state of jazz during the 1950s. An avid follower of jazz since the late 1920s, Stearns pointed to a musical renaissance in jazz performance. He also noted the success of the jazz art world that sustained this renaissance in jazz music. In the 1950s, this art world began a period of rapid expansion in production, audiences, and stylistic innovation. It garnered national attention in print and broadcast media.
Effect of an electric vehicle mode in a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle with a post-transmission electric motor

The additional design consideration of a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) caused by its recharging capability requires an optimal hybrid powertrain control strategy to fully exploit the vehicle's capability. Amongst many aspects of control algorithm development and design optimisation, the advantage of including a pure electric vehicle (EV) mode in the vehicle driving modes of a PHEV with a post-transmission electric motor was studied in this research. For this purpose, architecture of a series-parallel PHEV was determined and its simulation model was developed. Then, various simulations were conducted to evaluate technical merits of the pure EV mode in terms of fuel economy and emissions. The simulation results favourably supports inclusion of the pure EV mode as one of the driving modes in the powertrain control strategy of the studied PHEV model with a post-transmission electric motor.
Prognostic impact of postoperative low platelet count after liver transplantation.

BACKGROUND The positive impact of platelets has been recently implicated in liver transplantation (LT). The aim of this study was to determine the risk factors for graft loss and mortality after LT, focusing on perioperative platelet counts. METHODS We reviewed all deceased donor LT from 2000 to 2012 and enrolled 975 consecutive recipients. The risk factors for graft loss and mortality were analyzed by multivariate analysis, using Cox's regression model. RESULTS Using cutoff values acquired by receiver operating characteristics curve analysis, multivariate analyses determined that viral hepatitis C (hazard ratio [HR]=1.32), donor age >40 (HR=1.33), higher peak serum alanine aminotransferase (HR=1.01), reoperation within 30 days (HR=1.51), and platelet count <72 500/μL on postoperative day (POD) 5 (HR=1.30) were independent risk factors for graft loss. Viral hepatitis C (HR=1.33), reoperation within 30 days (HR=1.35), and platelet count <72 500/μL on POD 5 (HR=1.38) were independent risk factors for mortality. CONCLUSION A low platelet count on POD 5 was associated with graft loss and mortality after LT. Platelet count <72 500/μL on POD 5 can be a predictor of poor graft and overall survival. Maintaining higher postoperative platelet counts could potentially improve graft and overall survival rates.
A developmentally informed adaptation of minority stress for sexual minority adolescents.

Abstract Sexual minority adolescents (lesbian, gay, bisexual) experience disparities in behavioral health outcomes compared to their heterosexual peers, generally attributed to minority stress. Although evidence of the applicability of the minority stress model among adolescents exists, it is based on a primarily adult literature. Developmental and generational differences demand further examination of minority stress to confirm its applicability. Forty-eight life history interviews with sexual minority adolescents in California (age 14–19; M = 19.27 SD = 1.38; 39.6% cismale, 35.4% cisfemale, 25% other gender) were completed, recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using thematic analysis in QSR NVivo. Following a consensus model, all transcripts were double coded. Results suggest that minority stress is appropriate for use with adolescents; however, further emphasis should be placed on social context, coping resources, and developmental processes regarding identity development. A conceptual model is provided, as are implications for research and practice.
Radical appendectomy as an alternative to right colon resection in patients with epithelial appendiceal neoplasms.

Abstract Objective Appendectomy is an extremely common surgical procedure usually performed for an inflammatory process within this organ. Upon occasion, the pathology within the appendix is a neoplastic process which requires definitive oncologic management. Methods The optimal management strategies for appendiceal neoplasms were reviewed and pertinent literature critically evaluated. The technology for appendectomy for an inflammatory process and an appendectomy for a neoplastic process were compared and contrasted. Results A new surgical procedure called “radical appendectomy” was described and its merits for optimizing the management of an appendiceal neoplasm enumerated. The technology of radical appendectomy was described. The possible shortcomings that may be encountered in performing a new surgical methodology for appendectomy was presented and the results of a technically perfect radical appendectomy enumerated. The integration of a radical appendectomy with perioperative hyperthermic chemotherapy was described. Conclusions When a malignancy exists as the cause of appendiceal pathology, the radical appendectomy will provide the maximal amount of information required for optimal decisions regarding patient management.
Incorporating Literature into a Health Law Curriculum

Literature has had a long relationship with medicine through literary images of disease, literary images of physicians and other healers, works of literature by physician-writers, and the use of literature as a method of active or passive healing. Literature also has had a long relationship with the law through literary images of various legal processes, lawyers, and judges, works of literature by lawyer-writers, and the use of literature as therapy. How can the field of law and literature inform the study of health law? And how can the field of literature and medicine help the field of law and literature in this regard? This article shows how the descriptive, contextual, and narrative qualities of literature, literary nonfiction, and illness narratives can be used to enhance traditional case law, statutory, and regulatory approaches to teaching health law. Examples are drawn from Samuel Shem's The House of God, Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn's Cancer Ward, George Eliot's Middlemarch, and Anne Fadiman's The Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down.
A review of the literature on the relationships between genetic polymorphisms and chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting.

Abstract Despite current advances in antiemetic treatments, between 30% to and 60% of oncology patients experience chemotherapy-induced nausea (CIN) and 13% to 33% report chemotherapy-induced vomiting (CIV). Inter-individual differences are observed in the occurrence and severity of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV). This review summarizes and critiques studies on associations between occurrence and severity of CINV and polymorphisms in serotonin receptor, drug metabolism, and drug transport pathway genes. Sixteen studies evaluated the associations between the occurrence and/or severity of CINV and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Across these studies, three SNPs in 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor ( 5-HT3R ) genes, two alleles of the cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily D member 6 ( CYP2D6 ) gene, and three SNPs in ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 ( ABCB1 ) gene were associated with the occurrence and severity of CINV. Given the limited number of polymorphisms evaluated, additional research is warranted to identify new mechanisms to develop more targeted therapies.
Acting Shakespeare is Outrageous!: Playing the Bard for Beginners

Performing the work of William Shakespeare can be daunting to new actors. Author Herb Parker posits that his work is played easier if actors think of the plays as happening out of outrageous situations, and remember just how non-realistic and presentational Shakespeare’s plays were meant to be performed. The plays are driven by language and the spoken word, and the themes and plots are absolutely out of the ordinary and fantastic—the very definition of outrageous. With exercises, improvisations, and coaching points, Acting Shakespeare is Outrageous! helps actors use the words Shakespeare wrote as a tool to perform him, and to create exciting and moving performances.
Gemcitabine, nab-paclitaxel, cisplatin, and anakinra (AGAP) treatment in patients with localized pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC).

449Background: Treatment options for localized PDAC include surgery, chemo- and radio-therapy. Inflammatory stimuli cause IL-1 release and mediate inflammatory and immunological responses. PDAC cells can induce secretion of IL-1β which facilitates tumor development and progression. We showed that anakinra, a recombinant, non-glycosylated form of the human interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, when given with FOLFIRINOX, was safe for use in metastatic PDAC. Herein we report the preliminary results of AGAP in patients with non-metastatic PDAC. Methods: 16 patients with non-metastatic PDAC were treated with AGAP on Day 1 and 8 of a 21 day cycle for up to 6 cycles. Patients self-administered anakinra a day after their first dose of chemotherapy (100 mg every other day; SC). Restaging scans evaluation was performed after every 2 cycles. Patients filled a QOL questionnaire once a month and serum was collected at baseline and at defined time points for biomarker analysis. Results: Grade 3/4 toxicities: neutropenia ...
Stainless-Steel Weight Loss in Nitrogen-Contaminated Liquid Lithium

The weight loss behavior of Type 304L stainless steel in liquid lithium of high nitrogen concentrations was determined and empirical weight loss expressions as a function of temperature and nitrogen concentration were found. The nitrogen concentration was found not to alter the thermally activated mechanism, but to influence the weight loss rate through a pre-exponential factor.
Fair benefits in international medical research.

When researchers from wealthy countries study health and disease in poverty-stricken parts of the world, what do they owe, if anything, to the people who participate in their trials? (1) This question generated a vigorous debate in the medical and bioethical literature a few years ago, and a consensus rapidly emerged that researchers and sponsors ought to assure the "reasonable availability" of any drugs proven effective in the trials. In this issue, Emanuel and colleagues challenge this regnant view. They agree that we are right to be concerned about the exploitation of host country populations, but they insist (a) that the avoidance of exploitation requires only a fair exchange of benefits, not any particular kind of benefit; and (b) that exploitation is a "micro level" feature of particular agreements that can be considered apart from background conditions of global justice. Emanuel et al. are clearly and decisively right that the avoidance of exploitation demands "fair benefits" rather than (only) "reasonable access" to successfully developed drugs. This switch expands the menu of potential post-trial benefits to include measures to enhance the public health infrastructure and research capabilities of host countries. Even more importantly, it suggests a much more appropriate relationship between biomedical research and priority setting in both public health policy and medical services delivery. By insisting that successfully proven drugs be delivered to research subjects and local populations, the reasonable availability model subordinates local democratic decisionmaking on health policy to uncoordinated decisions bearing on the research agenda. Instead of rightly figuring as one subordinate element within a broader democratic strategy for human development, research becomes the driving engine of health policy and medical services delivery. You accept the research, you get the drug--even if some other drug or a cheaper, low-tech public health measure would have addressed the problem better. But while the fair benefits approach avoids the narrowness of the reasonable availability model, whether it too might inappropriately drive social policy decisions, albeit with a broader menu from which to choose, remains an open question. The article's second major claim--that exploitation is a "micro level" issue separable from larger concerns about global inequity--is more debatable. While the authors are correct to note that agreements struck between rich and powerful researchers and poor and vulnerable subjects in developing countries need not be exploitative, whether larger questions of global justice can be successfully bracketed in the research context is unclear. …
Physics, chemistry and pulmonary sequelae of thermodegradation events in long-mission space flight

An event in which electronic insulation consisting of polytetrafluoroethylene undergoes thermodegradation on the Space Station Freedom is considered experimentally and theoretically from the initial chemistry and convective transport through pulmonary deposition in humans. The low-gravity enviroment impacts various stages of event simulation. Vapor-phase and particulate thermodegradation products were considered as potential spacecraft contaminants. A potential pathway for the production of ultrafine particles was identified. Different approaches to the simulation and prediction of contaminant transport were studied and used to predict the distribution of generic vapor-phase products in a Space Station model. A lung transport model was used to assess the pulmonary distribution of inhaled particles, and, finally, the impact of adaptation to low gravity on the human response to this inhalation risk was explored on the basis of known physiological modifications of the immune, endocrine, musculoskeletal and pulmonary systems that accompany space flight.
Static-Memory-Hard Functions, and Modeling the Cost of Space vs. Time

A series of recent research starting with (Alwen and Serbinenko, STOC 2015) has deepened our understanding of the notion of memory-hardness in cryptography—a useful property of hash functions for deterring large-scale password-cracking attacks—and has shown memory-hardness to have intricate connections with the theory of graph pebbling. Definitions of memory-hardness are not yet unified in the somewhat nascent field of memory-hardness, however, and the guarantees proven to date are with respect to a range of proposed definitions. In this paper, we observe two significant and practical considerations that are not analyzed by existing models of memory-hardness, and propose new models to capture them, accompanied by constructions based on new hard-to-pebble graphs. Our contribution is two-fold, as follows. First, existing measures of memory-hardness only account for dynamic memory usage (i.e., memory read/written at runtime), and do not consider static memory usage (e.g., memory on disk). Among other things, this means that memory requirements considered by prior models are inherently upper-bounded by a hash function’s runtime; in contrast, counting static memory would potentially allow quantification of much larger memory requirements, decoupled from runtime. We propose a new definition of static-memory-hard function (SHF) which takes static memory into account: we model static memory usage by oracle access to a large preprocessed string, which may be considered part of the hash function description. Static memory requirements are complementary to dynamic memory requirements: neither can replace the other, and to deter large-scale password-cracking attacks, a hash function will benefit from being both dynamic-memory-hard and static-memory-hard. We give two SHF constructions based on pebbling. To prove static-memory-hardness, we define a new pebble game (“black-magic pebble game”), and new graph constructions with optimal complexity under our proposed measure. Moreover, we provide a prototype implementation of our first SHF construction (which is based on pebbling of a simple “cylinder” graph), providing an initial demonstration of practical feasibility for a limited range of parameter settings. Secondly, existing memory-hardness models implicitly assume that the cost of space and time are more or less on par: they consider only linear ratios between the costs of time and space. We propose a new model to capture nonlinear time-space trade-offs: e.g., how is the adversary impacted when space is quadratically more expensive than time? We prove that nonlinear tradeoffs can in fact cause adversaries to employ different strategies from linear tradeoffs.
Patterns of cognitive deficits in persons with spinal cord injury as compared with both age-matched and older individuals without spinal cord injury

Context/Objective: Cognitive deficits can impact as many as 60% of individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI). In an effort to identify the nature of cognitive deficits in SCI, we examined neuropsychological test performance in individuals with SCI, age matched healthy controls and older healthy controls.Design: Participants completed a motor-free neuropsychological test battery assessing attention, working memory, information processing speed, new learning /memory and executive control.Setting: Outpatient rehabilitation research facility.Participants: Participants included 60 individuals with chronic spinal cord injury [SCI; 32 with paraplegia (T2-T12) and 28 with tetraplegia (C3-T1)], 30 age-matched healthy controls (AMHC; 30-40 years old) and 20 older healthy controls (OHC; 50-60 years old).Outcome Measures: Wechsler Intelligence Scale - 3rd edition (WAIS-III) Digit Span and Letter-Number Sequencing; Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) - oral version; California Verbal Learning Test-II; Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT); Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence (WASI); Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System; Verbal Fluency subtest.Results: Significant differences were noted between the SCI and AMHC groups on measures of information processing speed, new learning and memory, and verbal fluency. No significant differences were noted between the groups on tests of attention or working memory.Conclusion: The current study documented differences in specific realms of cognitive functioning between a chronic SCI sample and AMHC. Implications for cognitive rehabilitation and overall quality of life are discussed. Additional research is needed utilizing a more comprehensive battery of motor-free neuropsychological tests that avoid the confound of upper limb motor limitations on cognitive performance.
Lower index hybrid infrared waveguide enhanced by hyperbolic phonon polariton in hexagonal boron nitride

In recent years, the field of nanophotonics has been used to miniaturize optical interconnects with long propagation lengths. In the ultraviolet to near-infrared regime, noble metals support light coupling to free electron oscillations, or plasmons, resulting in propagating surface waves called surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs). From mid to long infrared light applications, SPP-like effects in polar dielectrics with phonons can be achieved. Hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) is a two-dimensional van der Waals material in which a slab of hBN can support hyperbolic phonon polaritons (HPhPs). Hybrid waveguides result from the coupling between polariton modes and a high-index dielectric waveguide. Coupled-mode theory is used to describe the resulting hybrid modes and predicts both upper and lower hybrid modes from mode splitting or repulsion. However, only upper hybrid branches have been studied extensively in hybrid polariton waveguides. The lower mode is shown to exist and characterized in terms of mode area and propagation length. The lower hybrid mode formed by the coupling between HPhPs in hBN to a high-index waveguide is compared with the upper hybrid mode. It will be shown via a figure of merit that the lower hybrid mode is advantageous compared to the upper hybrid mode when the cylinder diameters correspond to the maximum coupling strength.
Unscented Kalman Filters for Range-Only Cooperative Localization of Swarms of Munitions in Three-Dimensional Flight

Abstract Range-only cooperative localization for formations of projectiles is investigated using extended and unscented Kalman filters. Observability for range only cooperative localization is reviewed. Consequences of observability allow the user to choose many features of the localization scheme including number of measurements, ground references, and required on-board sensing. Several Kalman filters are designed including centralized filters using 3 degree of freedom plant models using both extended and unscented schemes, and decentralized unscented Kalman filters using 3 degree of freedom plant models. Results are shown for several scenarios to illustrate the effectiveness of each estimation scheme.
Measurements of diffusion coefficients of Ce, Gd and Mn in Mg

Abstract Easy-to-use liquid-solid diffusion couples (LSDCs) were employed to measure the diffusion coefficients of three key alloying elements Ce, Gd and Mn in Mg at elevated temperatures. Forward simulation analysis was then performed on the concentration profiles measured from LSDCs using EPMA to extract diffusion coefficients at multiple temperatures. The new experimental data were combined with limited experimental data in the literature to establish reliable diffusion coefficient datasets which are then compared with first principles calculation results. It is concluded that Ce diffuses faster than Gd in Mg while Mn is the slowest diffusing element among the three. The interdiffusion coefficients of Mg-Ce, Mg-Gd and Mg-Mn are also determined for the first time. The current study and our previous studies together have determined reliable impurity diffusion coefficients of 8 elements Al, Ca, Ce, Gd, Mn, Sn, Zn, and Y in Mg; and the results are summarized and compared.
Decorated Z 2 symmetry defects and their time-reversal anomalies

We discuss an isomorphism between the possible anomalies of ($d+1$)-dimensional quantum field theories with ${\mathbb{Z}}_{2}$ unitary global symmetry, and those of $d$-dimensional quantum field theories with time-reversal symmetry $\mathsf{T}$. This correspondence is an instance of symmetry defect decoration. The worldvolume of a ${\mathbb{Z}}_{2}$ symmetry defect is naturally invariant under $\mathsf{T}$, and bulk ${\mathbb{Z}}_{2}$ anomalies descend to $\mathsf{T}$ anomalies on these defects. We illustrate this correspondence in detail for $(1+1)d$ bosonic systems where the bulk ${\mathbb{Z}}_{2}$ anomaly leads to a Kramers degeneracy in the symmetry defect Hilbert space and exhibits examples. We also discuss $(1+1)d$ fermion systems protected by ${\mathbb{Z}}_{2}$ global symmetry where interactions lead to a ${\mathbb{Z}}_{8}$ classification of anomalies. Under the correspondence, this is directly related to the ${\mathbb{Z}}_{8}$ classification of $(0+1)d$ fermions protected by $\mathsf{T}$. Finally, we consider $(3+1)d$ bosonic systems with ${\mathbb{Z}}_{2}$ symmetry where the possible anomalies are classified by ${\mathbb{Z}}_{2}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{\mathbb{Z}}_{2}$. We construct topological field theories realizing these anomalies and show that their associated symmetry defects support anyons that can be either fermions or Kramers doublets.
Do High Ability Managers Choose ESG Projects that Create Shareholder Value? Evidence from Employee Opinions

Managers face increasing external pressure to allocate firm resources to ESG efforts—activities frequently perceived as counter to shareholder value incentives. Under such situations, which ESG project to select and how much to invest is not clear. We find evidence that managers who receive higher ratings from employees solve this problem by allocating resources to ESG efforts in a way that enhances shareholder value. Using MSCI ESG Ratings and Glassdoor employee scoring of senior managers as signals, we implement a calendar-time portfolio regression design. We find that the two ratings have little correlation, suggesting they are unrelated signals. More importantly, we find that firms with highly rated managers and high ESG exhibit significantly higher future stock returns than those with low ratings on both or those firms with just high ESG or employee opinions alone. Our results are robust to using firm fixed effect in a panel regression to control for selection. Overall, results highlight the importance of leaders in allocating resources to ESG efforts that improve shareholder value.
Rethinking Overseas Production: The Case of COVID-19 and Negative Externality

Based on the negative externality argument, we illustrate that international production is a suboptimal solution from the societal perspective of a multinational company's home country, because moving production abroad can lead to insufficient production in the home country, and excess production abroad. The suboptimal outcome increases with the essentiality of the product. The present argument and results are relevant to policymakers and managers of multinationals, in addition to being useful in the classroom as an additional perspective that shows the complexity of international trade and international production locations.
Cancer Classification Analysis for Microarray Gene Expression Data by Integrating Wavelet Transform and Visual Analysis

Cancer classification using microarray gene expression data has received high interest because of its capability of performing cancer diagnosis computationally. However, researchers often faced difficulty in analyzing the data to achieve an accurate cancer diagnosis due to the size and noise issues in the microarray gene expression data. Therefore, it is important to perform feature extraction procedure to enhance the performance in cancer diagnosis. In this study, an approach is proposed by integrating wavelet-based feature extraction and visual analysis for cancer classification. Feature extraction is performed with wavelet transform and validates with a statistical test to determine only statistically valuable features. Visual analysis is also conducted to inspect not only the distribution of features but also the patterns of the cancer data. With cancer datasets, the performances of three machine learning (ML) algorithms for cancer classification are measured to show the effectiveness of the approach. From the performance evaluation study, we found that our approach has an ability to classifying cancers accurately.
A Theory of Higher Order Interactions Between Sensitive Variables: Empirical Evidences and an Application to a Variety of Smoking:

In carrying out surveys involving sensitive characteristics, randomized response models have been considered among the best techniques since they provide the maximum privacy protection to the respo...
Power Side Channel Attack of AES FPGA Implementation with Experimental Results using Full Keys

The ability to attack Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) algorithms in the last round has been shown to be possible by enumerating the key guesses one byte at a time. However, attacking the first round does not lend itself to such a technique because of the presence of the mix-column layer. We demonstrate an attack on the 1st round of AES encryption by defining a leakage function based on the full key, and then we apply correlation power analysis to successfully uncover the encryption key. The success rate, defined by the Euclidian distance fluctuation is 0.788, which is higher than similar applications in the current literature. We also introduce the concept of Kullback-Leibler entropy as a distinguisher for discriminating between the power measurements and the estimated power of the key guesses. We demonstrate this as a new way of reducing the key search space via key ranking with applications for power side-channel attacks on the implementations of AES algorithms in an FPGA.
Federalism as a Preventative Measure: Avoiding State Enforcement of Federal Anti-Gun Legislation in 2013

possibility. 384 The Court found that the provision of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (the "PPACA"), which expanded Medicaid, was coercive and exceeded Congress's power under the Spending Clause. A portion of the PPACA gave the Secretary of Health and Human Services the authority to penalize States who chose not to participate in the expanded Medicaid program. The PPACA prescribed that the penalty would include the withholding of further Medicaid payments so long as the State continued to fail to comply. The Court concluded that this was an overreach by Congress because the PPACA failed to give states an actual choice. Part of the plurality's justification for this conclusion was that individual liberties would suffer if all power were vested in one national government. The Court also addressed the political accountability factor and stated that the voters would not know whom to blame for a particular program if States were forced to comply with federal objectives due to the withholding of federal funding. If the States had a legitimate choice, there would be a clear distinction. Critics have proposed that the act of conditional federal funding divides the states into two groups: (1) the States that comply, with or without financial inducement (those that are unaffected by the choice of funding) and (2) the States that find the conditions to be unattractive and face the choice of having the funds withheld in order to comply with the condition(s) or complying with the undesirable regulation to receive the funds. Because there are typically no other alternative sources of revenue, the States in the second group are extremely restricted in their legislative and executive decision-making. Most, if not all States fall into this second group, including Virginia. B. Appropriations Committee Virginia House Bill 2340 was received with an Impact Statement that described the possible fiscal impact of its enactment. The conclusion was 384 Id. 385 Nat'l Fed'n of Indep. Bus. v. Sebelius, 132 S.Ct. 2566, 2662 (2012). 386 Id. 387 Id. at 2607. 388 Id. at 2608. 389 Id. at 2602. 390 Id. at 2660. 391 Baker, supra note 75, at 106-07. 392 VA. DEP'T OF PLANNING AND BUDGET, H.B. 2340 fISCAL IMPACT STATEMENT (2013), available at http://legl.state.va.us/cgi-bin/legp5O4.exe?ses=131&typ-bil&val hb2340 (follow "Impact Statement"
Composition of Semantic Relations: Model and Applications

This paper presents a framework for combining semantic relations extracted from text to reveal even more semantics that otherwise would be missed. A set of 26 relations is introduced, with their arguments defined on an ontology of sorts. A semantic parser is used to extract these relations from noun phrases and verb argument structures. The method was successfully used in two applications: rapid customization of semantic relations to arbitrary domains and recognizing entailments.
The PDZ-interacting Domain of Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Is Required for Functional Expression in the Apical Plasma Membrane

Polarization of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), a cAMP-activated chloride channel to the apical plasma membrane in epithelial cells is critical for vectorial chloride transport. Previously, we reported that the C terminus of CFTR constitutes a PDZ-interacting domain that is required for CFTR polarization to the apical plasma membrane and interaction with the PDZ domain-containing protein EBP50 (NHERF). PDZ-interacting domains are typically composed of the C-terminal three to five amino acids, which in CFTR are QDTRL. Our goal was to identify the key amino acid(s) in the PDZ-interacting domain of CFTR with regard to its apical polarization, interaction with EBP50, and ability to mediate transepithelial chloride secretion. Point substitution of the C-terminal leucine (Leu at position 0) with alanine abrogated apical polarization of CFTR, interaction between CFTR and EBP50, efficient expression of CFTR in the apical membrane, and chloride secretion. Point substitution of the threonine (Thr at position −2) with alanine or valine had no effect on the apical polarization of CFTR, but reduced interaction between CFTR and EBP50, efficient expression of CFTR in the apical membrane as well as chloride secretion. By contrast, individual point substitution of the other C-terminal amino acids (Gln at position −4, Asp at position −3 and Arg at position −1) with alanine had no effect on measured parameters. We conclude that the PDZ-interacting domain, in particular the leucine (position 0) and threonine (position −2) residues, are required for the efficient, polarized expression of CFTR in the apical plasma membrane, interaction of CFTR with EBP50, and for the ability of CFTR to mediate chloride secretion. Mutations that delete the C terminus of CFTR may cause cystic fibrosis because CFTR is not polarized, complexed with EBP50, or efficiently expressed in the apical membrane of epithelial cells.
A fully-integrated 40-phase flying-capacitance-dithered switched-capacitor voltage regulator with 6mV output ripple

A switched-capacitor voltage regulator (SCVR) that dithers flying capacitance (C FLY ) to reduce output ripple is presented. The proposed technique is implemented in a 40-phase SCVR with 4b C FLY modulation in 65nm CMOS. At 2.3V input, on-chip ripple magnitude of 6∼16mV at 1V output is measured for 11∼142mA load. Peak efficiency is 70.8% at a power density of 0.187W/mm2.
TOWARDS THE AUTOMATIC GENERATION OF SOUND SYNTHESIS TECHNIQUES: PREPARATORY STEPS

An overview of an algorithm that searches through the space of the sound synthesis techniques is presented. A modular approach to construct sound synthesis techniques is introduced. The preparatory steps needed to use genetic programming as a search tool for this space are explained, focusing in the manipulation and evaluation of the modular descriptions of the topologies.
Priming of myelin-reactive CD4+ T cells in the absence of CD11c+ dendritic cells (BA8P.123)

Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the animal model of multiple sclerosis, is predominantly mediated by pro-inflammatory CD4+ T cell responses to myelin antigens, including myelin proteolipid protein (PLP). Dendritic cells (DCs) are considered critical for inducing T cell responses against infectious agents, but their role in priming of myelin-specific CD4+ T cells is still unclear. To investigate their importance in promoting PLP-specific CD4+ T cell responses, we have established novel SJL mice that express the simian diphtheria toxin receptor (DTR) on CD11c+ DCs, allowing ablation of DCs following diphtheria toxin administration (CD11c-DTR SJL mice). PLP-pulsed spleen cells from DC-depleted mice promoted significantly diminished proliferation and pro-inflammatory cytokine responses of CD4+ T cells from PLP TCR transgenic mice in vitro compared to DC-sufficient splenocytes. However, CFSE-labeled PLP-specific CD4+ T cells transferred into DC-depleted mice showed undiminished proliferation in response to PLP/CFA immunization, suggesting that non-DCs were capable of myelin-specific T cell priming. We determined the importance of DCs in EAE development by transferring PLP TCR transgenic CD4+ T cells into DC-depleted RAG2-deficient mice lacking B cells. Interestingly, PLP-specific CD4+ T cells mediated severe EAE even in the persistent absence of DCs, suggesting that differentiation of encephalitogenic CD4+ T cells required neither B cells nor CD11c+ DCs.
Interaction of β‐Amylase with Substrates and Inhibitors with Comments on Koshland's Induced‐Fit Theory

Rebuttals are made to Marshall's criticism of our proposed binding mechanism for β-amylase. Marshall's arguments are not soundly based in enzyme kinetics and are not convincingly supported by his own data.
A Gendered Context of Opportunity: Determinants of Poverty Across Urban and Rural Labor Markets

Current research has failed to examine how women's opportunities in the labor market, in combination with their human capital attributes, differentially affect the likelihood that they will live in...
Ischämische Komplikationen in der Neurochirurgie

Die Dysregulation des zellularen Kalziumhaushalts spielt eine zentrale Rolle in der „ischamischen Kaskade“ und bei der Entwicklung eines zerebralen Vasospasmus nach Subarachnoidalblutung (SAB). Daher erscheint eine therapeutische, oder wenn moglich, sogar prophylaktische Anwendung von zerebral wirksamen Kalziumkanalblockern bei neurochirurgischen Risikopatienten als attraktive Interventionsmoglichkeit. Die prinzipielle neuroprotektive Wirksamkeit von Kalziumantagonisten ist durch tierexperimentelle Untersuchungen belegt; dennoch sind die bisherigen klinischen Erfahrungen bei Patienten mit vergleichbaren zerebralen Storungen ernuchternd. Ein therapeutischer Effekt ist nur fur den Dihydropyridinkalziumkanalblocker Nimodipin (orale Applikation) und nur bei Patienten nach SAB durch kontrollierte Studien gesichert. Experimentelle Daten weisen auf Kalziumkanalblocker anderer Subtypen als erfolgversprechende Kandidaten fur eine Neuroprotektion im klinischen Kontext hin. Es ist jedoch auch vorstellbar, dass andere kalziumkanalunabhangige Mechanismen eine weitaus wichtigere pathophysiologische Rolle bei der Entwicklung der neuronalen Schadigung nach Ischamie spielen als bisher angenommen. Der Einsatz von Kalziumkanalblockern zur Prophylaxe ischamischer Komplikationen in der Neurochirurgie kann derzeit also nur fur Patienten nach SAB empfohlen werden. Andere potenzielle Indikationen, wie beispielsweise akute zerebrale Ischamie oder Schadelhirntrauma (SHT), sind bis heute nicht durch klinische Evidenz belegt.
Thermal studies on dithionate compounds

TG and DTG studies have been carried out on CoS2O6 · 6H2O, NiS2O6 · 6 H2O, CuS2O6 · 3.5 H2O, ZnS2O6 · 6 H2O and CdS2O6 · 4H2O. After partial dehydration, the dithionates of Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) lose water and sulfur dioxide simultaneously to yield the stable metal sulfates in the final step of decomposition. The CdS2O6 · 4H2O dehydrates completely in the first two steps of decomposition with two water molecules being lost in each step. In the third step, it loses only SO2 to yield CdSO4. Kinetic parameters are presented for these reactions.
Metabolic control of food intake and estrous cycles in syrian hamsters. I. Plasma insulin and leptin.

The “adipostat hypothesis” refers to the idea that circulating hormone concentrations reflect levels of body adiposity and act as signals to control food intake and reproduction. Implicit in the ad...
Energy-aware task allocation for rate monotonic scheduling

We consider the problem of energy minimization for periodic preemptive hard real-time tasks that are scheduled on an identical multiprocessor platform with dynamic voltage scaling capability. We adopt partitioned scheduling and assume that the tasks are assigned rate-monotonic priorities. We show that the problem is NP-hard in the strong sense on m /spl ges/ 2 processors even when the feasibility is guaranteed a priori. Because of the intractability of the problem, we propose an integrated approach that consists of three different components: RMS admission control test, the partitioning heuristic and the speed assignment algorithm. We discuss possible options for each component by considering state-of-the-art solutions. Then, we experimentally investigate the impact of heuristics on feasibility, energy and feasibility/energy performance dimensions. In offline settings where tasks can be ordered according to the utilization values, we show that worst-fit dominates other well-known heuristics. For online settings, we propose an algorithm that is based on reserving a subset of processors for light tasks to guarantee a consistent performance.