cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Using Instructional Design to Support Community Engagement in Clinical and Translational Research: a Design and Development Case

While community stakeholder engagement is becoming increasingly common in health care, operationalized training materials to support this learner population (community members) are scarce. Instructional design principles were used to create an Open Educational Resource (OER) to support the involvement of community stakeholders in health care research at a university health science center. Prior to the development of this project, a formal group, whose members named themselves Citizen Scientists (CSs), already existed to offer lay perspective on clinical and translational research studies. These CSs are involved in a wide range of active committees within the university’s college of medicine. The challenge of this program, however, is that the CSs require training to engage in these activities (e.g., reviewing research proposals). This design and development research case outlines the instructional design processes, and formative evaluation methods and results of the creation of an OER. While the description of the instructional design processes can be useful for similar project implementations, information on methods and results from the formative evaluation add the following benefits: (a) help community stakeholders to analyze whether projects’ goals have been met, (b) present project aspects that could be improved, and (c) support other communities by creating a model for project evaluation based on similar contexts and with similar project goals.
Online computation of fastest path in time-dependent spatial networks

The problem of point-to-point fastest path computation in static spatial networks is extensively studied with many precomputation techniques proposed to speed-up the computation. Most of the existing approaches make the simplifying assumption that travel-times of the network edges are constant. However, with real-world spatial networks the edge travel-times are time-dependent, where the arrival-time to an edge determines the actual travel-time on the edge. In this paper, we study the online computation of fastest path in time-dependent spatial networks and present a technique which speeds-up the path computation. We show that our fastest path computation based on a bidirectional time-dependent A* search significantly improves the computation time and storage complexity. With extensive experiments using real data-sets (including a variety of large spatial networks with real traffic data) we demonstrate the efficacy of our proposed techniques for online fastest path computation.
10.01 – C–H Bond Formation by Asymmetric and Stereoselective Hydrogenation

This chapter discusses recent progress in the study of asymmetric hydrogenation. Chiral phosphorous ligands with diverse structures developed for asymmetric hydrogenation and their catalytic asymmetric hydrogenation processes, utilized extensively in both academic research and industry, have been covered. Asymmetric hydrogenation of olefins, ketones, and imines in particular is addressed in detail.
A standardized protocol to reliably visualize the left atrial appendage with intracardiac echocardiography: Importance of multiple imaging sites.

Background Currently, there is no accepted protocol for left atrial appendage (LAA) imaging with intracardiac echocardiography (ICE). Objective This study aimed to assess the utility of ICE to reliably visualize the entire cavity of the LAA and propose a specific procedural protocol to achieve the above objective. Methods We created a three-dimensional reconstruction of the LAA, using two-dimensional ICE sections obtained from three different location (the right atrium [RA], right ventricle inflow [RVI], and right ventricular outflow [RVOT]). We then compared the three-dimensional LAA reconstruction by ICE with one obtained by cardiac computed tomography angiography (CCTA) for morphological and volume differences. Results Three-dimensional reconstruction with ICE could reliably reproduce the LAA as visualized with CCTA but only when ICE sampling was performed from at least two catheter positions. There was no statistically significant difference between LAA volumes obtained with ICE and CCTA (P = 0.33). The contribution of each anatomical location to the total volume was 17% ± 16.6%, 74% ± 13.3%, and 33% ± 26% for RA, RVI, and RVOT, respectively. Conclusion In comparison with CCTA, the LAA can be reliably visualized in its entity by ICE, but only if multiple imaging positions (RA, RV inflow, and RVOT) are used.
Investing in collaboration for safety: Assessing grants to states for oil and gas distribution pipeline safety program enhancement

Abstract Oil and gas pipeline leaks are the responsibility of a wide range of stakeholders including utilities, the public, construction firms and state safety program personnel. As a result, in the United State, state pipeline safety programs focus heavily on public education, outreach, and stakeholder participation so as to reduce the occurrence of these events. The US Pipeline & Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA) directs federal support to state safety efforts through formula and project grant programs for state and local agencies that emphasize different aspects of collaboration. We combine these grant data with nationwide, longitudinal records on pipeline leaks, and use a multilevel Bayesian model to evaluate how different grant emphases relate to subsequent incident rates. State damage prevention grants are not associated with reductions in leaks but are associated with improvements in error recognition. Pipeline incidents are downstream from safety programs and impacts and identifying, minimizing, and correcting leaks requires states to motivate utility actions while also attempting to improve public awareness. This makes assessment of safety outcomes a challenge without better tracking of safety program communications and participation. In conclusion, we suggest improvements to data provision by states that could provide improved evidence for assessing safety improvements.
Costa Rica, el Reino Mosquito y el “mulato intérprete” Francisco Corella (1711-1724)

This article examines the relationship between colonial Costa Rica and the Mosquito Kingdom: an afro-indigenous confederation that emerged on the Caribbean coast of Central America during the seventeenth century. The purpose of this investigation is to analyze a period of frequent negotiation during the early part of the eighteenth century by calling attention to the intermediaries who handled these interactions in practice. The central figure of this narrative is the “mulato interpreter” Francisco Corella who led these negotiations from 1711 until at least 1724. In addition to telling the story of these negotiations, this article demonstrates the important contributions of diverse populations, including people of African descent, to the history of Costa Rica.
3D GaN-based betavoltaic device design with high energy transfer efficiency.

Abstract A combined GaN 3D core-shell and planar pin structure is being developed and demonstrated to achieve the highest potential to increase energy transfer efficiency from the source (ηsrc) and power generated per cm2 (PGaN/cm2) in a betavoltaic (BV) device configuration. Physics-based Sentaurus TCAD and Monte Carlo N-Particle extended (MCNPX) software are employed to obtain the maximum ηsrc and PGaN/cm2 by a parametric study of device dimensions coupled with a 63NiCl2 source. Idealized structure dimensions are determined to be 2 µm wide, 4 µm tall GaN pin core-shell mesas, with 63Ni source conformally surrounding the structure with a 2 µm gap for maximum efficiency of energy transfer. For maximizing power deposited (10 µm mesa separation) a 3.75x increase in PGaN/cm2 at approximately half the activity density compared to a planar device is achieved for 4 µm mesa height, with 5.82x improvement in ηsrc.
Equity for English Learners: Evidence from Four Years of California's Local Control Funding Formula.

This study examined evidence of equity for English Learners-one of the three targeted student groups–in the early implementation of California’s Local Control Funding Formula (LCFF) across data set...
Automotive Innovation: The Science and Engineering behind Cutting-Edge Automotive Technology

Hossay, Patrick. Automotive Innovation : The Science and Engineering Behind Cutting-Edge Automotive Technology, CRC Press LLC, 2019. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/polije-ebooks/detail.action?docID=5798017. Created from polije-ebooks on 2019-12-18 23:01:02.
Danger Close: A Conceptualization of Near Miss and Safety Incident Reporting

Safety incident and near miss reporting is a tool that businesses use to try and prevent injuries. The reporting of near misses is a method in which organizations share knowledge specific to safety...
Intercultural exchanges in South Africa: Exploring music teacher experiences, understandings, and practices:

The purpose of this study was to examine the experiences of four US music educators during and after a 3-week adult choir camp in South Africa. Findings reveal that the camp positively influenced m...
A new category-specific nutrient rich food (NRF9f.3) score adds flavonoids to assess nutrient density of fruit

Nutrient profiling (NP) models, intended to capture the full nutritional value of plant-based foods, ought to incorporate bioactive phytochemicals, including flavonoids, in addition to standard nutrients. The well-established Nutrient Rich Food (NRF9.3) score is based on 9 nutrients to encourage (protein, fiber, vitamins A, C, D and calcium, iron, potassium, magnesium) and 3 nutrients to limit (saturated fat, added sugar, sodium). The new category-specific NRF9f.3 score kept the same algorithm based on sums of percent daily values (%DVs) but swapped vitamin D for total flavonoids from the USDA database. NRF9f.3 was applied to the USDA fruit group categories, comparing nutrient density of citrus fruit, citrus juice, dried fruit, raw and cooked fruit, berries, fruit mixtures, fruit salads, non-citrus fruit juice, and fruit nectars. Adding total flavonoids to NRF9f.3 allowed for a recalibration of fruit total nutritional value. Citrus fruits and juices had significantly higher flavanones, berries had significantly higher anthocyanidins, and dried fruit and berries had significantly higher flavan-3-ols, than other fruits (all p < 0.05). Citrus fruit, citrus juice and berries had significantly higher NRFf9.3 scores than all other fruit subcategories (p < 0,05), but were not different from each other. The more innovative NP models are both category specific and make effective use of new nutrient composition databases. NRF9.3 when applied to the fruit group discriminates primarily on fiber, vitamin C, and added sugar content. Incorporating flavonoid and polyphenol data modernizes NP models to better capture nutrient density of plant foods that can aid in dietary guidance and policy development to improve diversity and nutritional value of the diet.
Enhanced Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production by Hybrid Streptavidin-Diiron Catalysts

Hybrid protein-organometallic catalysts are being explored for selective catalysis of a number of reactions, because they utilize the complementary strengths of proteins and of organometallic complex. Herein, we present an artificial hydrogenase, StrepH2, built by incorporating a biotinylated [Fe-Fe] hydrogenase organometallic mimic within streptavidin. This strategy takes advantage of the remarkable strength and specificity of biotin-streptavidin recognition, which drives quantitative incorporation of the biotinylated diironhexacarbonyl center into streptavidin, as confirmed by UV/Vis spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. FTIR spectra of StrepH2 show characteristic peaks at shift values indicative of interactions between the catalyst and the protein scaffold. StrepH2 catalyzes proton reduction to hydrogen in aqueous media during photo- and electrocatalysis. Under photocatalytic conditions, the protein-embedded catalyst shows enhanced efficiency and prolonged activity compared to the isolated catalyst. Transient absorption spectroscopy data suggest a mechanism for the observed increase in activity underpinned by an observed longer lifetime for the catalytic species FeI Fe0 when incorporated within streptavidin compared to the biotinylated catalyst in solution.
Evaluation of the posology of pindolol therapy of hypertension with automatic indirect ambulatory blood pressure monitoring

Pindolol, a nonselective β-adrenergic blocking drug, lowered systolic and diastolic blood pressure equally well during once daily and twice daily dosage. Absence of supine bradycardia likely was attributable to the intrinsic sympathomimetic activity of pindolol. Automatic ambulatory blood pressure monitoring reliably confirmed office blood pressure recordings and indicated good control throughout the day and night.
Teacher agency for inclusive education: an international scoping review

Inclusive education is contextualised within local systems and represents a continuous struggle to ensure access to meaningful and equitable education. The purpose of this scoping review was to exa...
Collaboration to Create an IT Bachelor's Degree: Bachelor of Applied Science in Web Design and Development

The creation of this bachelor's degree was a series of innovations for us: a new model for degree creation. This is a bachelor's degree created by a community college. It is a degree program that does not exist anywhere else in the state, and it was built on collaboration between the college and local industry, and by collaboration between faculty and staff in different departments in the college. Usually, students are trained in front-end (client-side) skills or back-end (server-side) skills. When determining the need for the degree, the companies contacted indicated that they wanted students trained in both front-end and back-end skills or "full-stack" skills. At the college, web design (front-end) is housed in the School of Arts and Sciences, and web development (back-end) in the School of Business and Applied Technologies. The faculty in these disciplines collaborated with each other, industry partners, and various departments across the college to create a new applied bachelor's degree, a Bachelor of Applied Science in Web Design and Development. The applied nature of the degree was critical to student success and to filling workforce development needs. We wanted students to be trained in current technologies so they would be immediately employable upon graduation. The curriculum requires students to create real-world projects and work with the industry partners as they complete the degree program. This paper outlines our collaborative two-year journey in creating the degree, getting it approved and accredited, and making it available to students.
Deep Learning Based Prediction of Doppler Shift for Mobile Communications

This paper presents a Deep Learning (DL) based methodology to predict the Doppler shift in mobile communications. MATLAB simulations conducted on single-carrier, LTE and 5G systems, in the Doppler shift range of [0, 50, …, 550] Hz, attain a prediction accuracy at ~95%, a normalized mean squared error (nMSE) between [10−2, 10−3] and a prediction latency equal to the duration of a sequence of five inputs (e.g. frames, subframes and slots, respectively). Simulations are performed on random payloads (e.g., non data aided - NDA), time-domain and frequency-domain signals embedded with variable modulation types [QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM], delay profiles (i.e., LTE's [EPA EVA ETU]), and signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) [-10, 20] dB. The methodology utilizes a hybrid model of a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and a Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) and two techniques to enhance prediction accuracy, namely, input diversity and binary prediction.
Structural Injustice and the Emotions.

A structural harm results from countless apparently innocuous interactions between a great many individuals in a social system, and not from any agent’s intentionally producing the harm. Iris Young has influentially articulated a model of individual moral responsibility for such harms, and several other philosophers have taken it as their starting point for dealing with the phenomenon of structural injustice. In this paper, I argue that this social connection model is far less realistic and socially effective than it aims to be. This is because the model systematically neglects the key role played by the emotions in human moral life.
NASA's Earth Surface Mineral Dust Source Investigation: An Earth Venture Imaging Spectrometer Science Mission

The NASA Earth Surface Mineral Dust Source Investigation (EMIT) will use imaging spectroscopy to measure the mineral composition of the Earth's arid land regions from the International Space Station. The new directly observed surface composition products will be validated and used to initialize state-of-the-art Earth System Models to improve constraint of the sign and magnitude of dust-related radiative forcing at regional and global scales as well as predict the increase or decrease of available dust sources under future climate scenarios. EMIT is a NASA Earth Venture Instrument (EVI) Mission planned to launch in 2022. The instrument is a state-of-the-art optically fast Dyson imaging spectrometer that covers the spectral range from the visible to the short wavelength infrared (VSWIR). EMIT measurements and products will be openly available to the full science and applications communities for the range of additional investigations they enable.
A Broadband High-Efficiency Dipole Array Based on Frequency Selective Surface and Integrated Feeding Structure

In this paper, an ultra-wideband tightly couple antenna array based on a low-loss phase-modulated frequency selective surface and a microstrip-based feeding structure is reported. The proposed antenna array, which employs tightly coupled bow-tie elements, features a very low profile (1.08 λhigh). Specifically, a microstrip-to-parallel strip transition serves as an impedance transformer and a wideband balun to enable the array element to be excited with a 50 Ω unbalanced feeding scheme. Additionally, one shorting sheet is employed to expand the bandwidth by shifting the common-mode to a higher frequency band. The presented design achieves a bandwidth of 13.66:1 (0.52 GHz. 7.10 GHz) with VSWR < 2.49 and simulated radiation efficiency greater than 96% across the whole band. To validate the design concepts, an 8 × 8 array prototype is fabricated and characterized experimentally. The measured results match well with the numerical analysis.
Processing Spontaneous Orthography

In cases in which there is no standard orthography for a language or language variant, written texts will display a variety of orthographic choices. This is problematic for natural language processing (NLP) because it creates spurious data sparseness. We study the transformation of spontaneously spelled Egyptian Arabic into a conventionalized orthography which we have previously proposed for NLP purposes. We show that a two-stage process can reduce divergences from this standard by 69%, making subsequent processing of Egyptian Arabic easier.
Ceramic technology for automotive turbines

The paper presents an update on ceramic technology for automotive turbines. Progress in research and development of improved ceramics is reviewed, including approaches for assessing time-dependent strength characteristics. Processes for making shapes are discussed, and the design and testing of selected ceramic turbine components are reviewed.
Solvatothermal synthesis and crystal structure of (Ph4P) [(VO2)4 (CH3CO2)4Cl]

Abstract The solvatothermal reaction of (Ph4P)[VO2Cl2] with acetic acid in methylene chloride at 100°C for 48 h yields bright red crystals of (Ph4P) [(VO2)4 (CH3CO2)4Cl] (1)in 20% yield. The structure of the anion of 1 consists of a tetrakis (μ-acetato-μ-oxo-oxovanadium)crown with a chloride guest anion occupying the hollow formed by the edge-sharing of the four {VO5} square pyramids. Crystal data: C32H32O16PClV4, tetragonal I4 1 /a,a = 15.969(2), c = 29.020(5) A , V = 7400(1) A 3 , Z = 8 .
Simultaneous determination of 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenylacetic (homovanillic) acid and other monoamine metabolites in human lumbar cerebrospinal fluid

Abstract We describe a direct analysis for the simultaneous quantitative determination of 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenylacetic (homovanillic) acid and other monoamine metabolites in human lumbar cerebrospinal fluid, utilizing reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with amperometric detection. In addition, a rapid isocratic separation was developed for homovanillic acid in the presence of other endogenous compounds. Twenty-five unselected diagnostic specimens of human lumbar cerebrospinal fluid were extracted with ethyl acetate and subsequently analyzed using the described method. Chromatographic peaks were identified on the basis of retention behavior and ratio of responses at several oxidation potentials. Although our quantitative results correlate well with the literature values, the data were not interpreted clinically since samples were obtained from routine, diagnostic testing of patients admitted to the medical or neurologic services at the Mount Sinai Hospital.
Management of esophageal dehiscences by an intraluminal bypass tube. An experimental study.

Summary The high incidence of leaks from esophageal anastomoses and the significant morbidity resulting from spontaneous or iatrogenic perforations have prompted an experimental study involving the protection of esophageal anastomoses, dehiscences, and perforation by use of an intraluminal bypass graft. To accomplish this, a specially prepared soft tube is inserted that conducts the salivary and esophageal secretions and ingested food to the stomach, thus preventing any contact with the anastomotic site. Even in the face of surgically created gross esophageal anastomotic dehiscences and perforations, there has been a complete absence of leakage as evidenced by barium studies and by gross and microscopic examination of anastomoses and dehiscences. The technique of inserting the intraluminal bypass graft and its efficacy in protecting the esophageal anastomoses with gross dehiscences has been presented.
A Study of the Algebra Acquisition of Hispanic and Anglo Ninth Graders: Research Findings Relevant to Teacher Training and Classroom Practice.

Abstract This article summarizes a one-year study conducted with five Anglo and nine Hispanic ninth grade students enrolled in beginning algebra. The clinical interview approach used throughout the academic year allowed a detailed and comprehensive analysis of the students’ manipulative skills, their problem solving habits and their attitudes toward algebra. Findings from this study revealed a number of factors that inhibit the acquisition of problem solving skills among both Anglos and Hispanics. Recommendations are proposed aimed at improving the algebraic problem-solving skills of students in general, and of Hispanics in particular.
Anterior Retroperitoneal Muscle-Sparing Approach to L2–S1 of the Lumbar Spine

1. Place the patient in the supine position on a Jackson or other X-ray table with an inflatable bag under the lumbar region. Discretionary inflation of the bag allows extension of the spine at the time of discectomy and graft placement, if needed.
A calibrated 3-D hydrodynamic and transport model for managing the salinity regime of the Indian River Lagoon

A three-dimensional hydrodynamic and transport model has been applied to the Florida's Indian River Lagoon (IRL) to develop a tool for managing salinity regime. The 3D model, known as the Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code, includes capabilities consistent with the complex estuarine environment. Thus, stratified residual flows and density stratification common estuaries can be simulated. An air-sea interaction sub-model also allows for specification of atmospheric forcing, which along with low frequency water-level oscillations from the coastal ocean, is responsible for residual circulation in the IRL. In this application, the model includes 1051 active water cells representing an area of the central IRL and a small area of the coastal ocean seaward of Sebastian Inlet. Variable sized model grid cells were used to provide higher resolution in the areas of interest. The model was driven by water level and salinity data acquired at fixed monitoring stations located at the north, south and ocean boundaries of the model domain. Calibration and validation of the model are based on comparison with measured data from four fixed stations within the IRL model domain. Results of the calibration and validation indicate that the model performs well under complex estuarine conditions and is capable of simulating the salinity and flow structure as it changes either at low frequency or abruptly due to episodic freshwater inflows. Production runs of the calibrated model demonstrated repeated patterns of salinity fluctuation. The patterns can be related to the impacts of episodic freshwater inflows coupled with residual flows forced by wind or volume exchange with the coastal ocean.
Global Planning Grid Initiative: Riding the 4th Wave in ICT

Cyberinfrastructure growth on planetary scale-including the formation of global information commons and data grids-creates new capabilities for researchers to share knowledge, models, scenarios, applications, tools and other assets integral to planning. The Global Planning Grid (GPG) initiative aims to build cyberinfrastructure for globally-minded urban and regional planning (research, education and activism).
Collagen Fiber Alignment and Maximum Principal Strain in the Glenohumeral Capsule Predict Location of Failure During Uniaxial Extension

The glenohumeral joint is frequently dislocated causing injury to the glenohumeral capsule (axillary pouch (AP), anterior band of the inferior glenohumeral ligament (AB-IGHL), posterior band of the inferior glenohumeral ligament (PB-IGHL), posterior (Post), and anterosuperior region (AS)). [1, 2] The capsule is a passive stabilizer to the glenohumeral joint and primarily functions to resist dislocation during extreme ranges of motion. [3] When unloaded, the capsule consists of randomly oriented collagen fibers, which play a pertinent role in its function to resist loading in multiple directions. [4] The location of failure in only the axillary pouch has been shown to correspond with the highest degree of collagen fiber orientation and maximum principle strain just prior to failure. [4, 5] However, several discrepancies were found when comparing the collagen fiber alignment between the AB-IGHL, AP, and PB-IGHL. [3,6,7] Therefore, the objective was to determine the collagen fiber alignment and maximum principal strain in five regions of the capsule during uniaxial extension to failure and to determine if these parameters could predict the location of tissue failure. Since the capsule functions as a continuous sheet, we hypothesized that maximum principal strain and peak collagen fiber alignment would correspond with the location of tissue failure in all regions of the glenohumeral capsule.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Developing Customers as Partial Employees: Predictors and Outcomes of Customer Performance in a Services Context

Scholars within the field of HRD have acknowledged the need for more research in services contexts, particularly a consideration of how customers might be developed as human resources in service exchanges. To that end, this research investigates the antecedents and consequences of customer performance within the context of service exchanges. With a matched sample of service providers and customers (n = 164 pairs, 328 total participants), we found that customer–service provider fit was related to customer performance, which was associated with outcomes for the customer (satisfaction and loyalty) and the service provider (greater satisfaction and commitment). We offer a discussion of the implications of this research for human resource strategies aimed at developing customers in service firms.
Lafora disease : Diagnosis by skin biopsy

Lafora disease is a fatal neurometabolic disorder characterized by progressive myoclonic epilepsy. Diagnosis relies upon the discovery of specific inclusion bodies in any of several organs. Dermatologists and dermatopathologists should be familiar with this condition because axillary skin biopsy is useful to diagnose this disorder. We present a case of Lafora disease diagnosed by axillary skin biopsy and review the condition's clinical, histologic, and ultrastructural features.
A 15-µg dose of unadjuvanted influenza A (H1N1) 2009 vaccine was immunogenic in healthy adults within 21 days

Source Citation Greenberg ME, Lai MH, Hartel GF, et al. Response after one dose of a monovalent influenza A (H1N1) 2009 vaccine—preliminary report. N Engl J Med. 2009;361. 19745216
Electron Transport Through Photosystem II Is Not Limited By A Wide Range of Water Deficit Conditions In Field‐Grown Gossypium hirsutum

Despite exhaustive literature describing drought stress effects on photosynthesis in Gossypium hirsutum, the sensitivity of photosynthetic electron flow to water deficit is heavily debated. To address this, G. hirsutum plants were grown at a field site near Camilla, GA under contrasting irrigation regimes, and pre-dawn water potential (ΨPD), stomatal conductance (gs), net photosynthesis (PN), actual quantum yield of photosystem II (ΦPSII) and electron transport rate (ETR) were measured at multiple times during the 2012 growing season. ΨPD values ranged from −0.3 to −1.1 MPa. Stomatal conductance exhibited a strong (r2 = 0.697), sigmoidal response to ΨPD, where gs was ≤0.1 mol m−2 s−1 at ΨPD values ≤ −0.86 MPa. Neither ΦPSII (r2 = 0.015) nor ETR (r2 = 0.010) was affected by ΨPD, despite exceptionally low ΨPD values (−1.1 MPa) causing a 71.7 % decline in PN relative to values predicted for well-watered G. hirsutum leaves at ΨPD = −0.3 MPa. Further, PN was strongly influenced by gs, whereas ETR and ΦPSII were not. We conclude that photosynthetic electron flow through photosystem II is insensitive to water deficit in field-grown G. hirsutum.
Herpes simplex and cytomegalovirus coinfected oral ulcers in HIV-positive patients

Four HIV-positive patients with herpes simplex virus and cytomegalovirus coinfected oral ulcers arepresented. All patients had persistent oral pain associated with nonhealing mucosal ulcers. Lesions occurred on the palate, retromolar pad, tongue, and lip, and the clinical appearance of the ulcers was nonspecific. Histologic and immunohistochemical stains showed herpes simples virus alterations in kerationocyte nuclei and cytomegalovirus alterations in mesenchymal/endothelial cell nuclei and cytoplasm. Lesions in one patient responded to ganciclovir therapy. One patient improved with acyclovir, and another healed normally after excisional biopsy. Each virus alone has been described as causing oral ulcerations; their appearance together in the same lesion would suggest a synergistic relationship.
How safe is intravenous sedation with midazolam and fentanyl for pediatric gastrointestinal endoscopy

How safe is intravenous sedation with midazolam and fentanyl for pediatric gastrointestinal endoscopy?
Experiments with 4He heated from above, very near the lambda point

We report on new transport phenomena observed within a column of 4He heated from above and close to its transition to superfluidity. In this configuration the helium sample will self-organize to a state where the temperature gradient across the column remains equal to the pressure-induced gradient of Tλ (1.273 µK/cm) even as the heat flux is varied by a factor of about a thousand. On this self-organized state we have observed a new temperature-entropy wave that propagates opposite to the direction of a steady heat flux Q. This propagating mode is due to a non-linear temperature dependence of the thermoconductance of the helium near criticality. Such a mode had been predicted to exist in this state for Q less than about 100 nW/cm2. We confirm that this mode exists in this regime, however we also observe that it propagates at higher values of Q, even when the helium is pushed away from the self-organized state into the normal state.
Cardiac amyloidosis masquerading as constrictive pericarditis.

Cardiac amyloidosis cannot always be differentiated from constrictive pericarditis even after careful review of the clinical, laboratory, and hemodynamic data prior to pericardial exploration. This case report underscores the necessity of precise histologic examination for cardiac amyloidosis in all suspected cases of constrictive pericarditis at the time of pericardiectomy.
Synthesis of citrate from phosphoenolpyruvate and acetylcarnitine by mitochondria from rabbit, pigeon and rat liver: Implications for lipogenesis

Rabbit, pigeon and rat liver mitochondria convert exogenous phosphoenolpyruvate and acetylcarnitine to citrate at rates of 14, 74 and 8 nmol/15 min/mg protein. Citrate formation is dependent on exogenous HCO3-, is increased consistently by exogenous nucleotides (GDP, IDP, GTP, ADP, ATP) and inhibited strongly by 3-mercaptopicolinate and 1,2,3-benzenetricarboxylate. Citrate is not made from pyruvate alone or combined with acetylcarnitine. Pigeon and rat liver mitochondria make large amounts of citrate from exogenous succinate, suggesting the presence of an endogenous source of acetyl units or means of converting oxalacetate to acetyl units. Citrate synthesis from succinate by pigeon and rabbit mitochondria is increased significantly by exogenous acetylcarnitine. Pigeon and rat liver contain 80 and 15 times, respectively, more ATP:citrate lyase activity than does rabbit liver. Data suggest that mitochondrial phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase in vivo could convert glycolysis-derived phosphoenolpyruvate to oxalacetate that, with acetyl CoA, could form citrate for export to support cytosolic lipogenesis as an activator of acetyl CoA carboxylase, a carbon source via ATP:citrate lyase and NADPH via NADP:malate dehydrogenase or NADP:isocitrate dehydrogenase.
On the ductile to brittle transition in martensitic stainless steels — Mechanisms, models and structural implications

Abstract A new model of quasi-cleavage fracture toughness and the quasi-cleavage to microvoid coalescence transition is described. Quasi-cleavage occurs when stresses above a critical level encompass a critical area ahead of a crack tip. The underlying mechanism is a stable-to-unstable growth transition of a process zone crack. High toughness can be associated with the quasi-cleavage, particularly in cases involving shallow cracks and small size scales. A mixed quasi-cleavage-microvoid coalescence fracture mode transition occurs when the strains in the process zone exceed a critical level. Coupling these material properties with finite element calculations provides a physical basis for predicting the effects of size, geometry, loading rate and specified failure conditions relevant to actual structures using data from subsized specimens.
A GENERALIZED LINEAR MODEL FOR ANALYSING RECEIVER OPERATING CHARACTERISTIC CURVES

We present a continuation ratio model for analysing ordinal categorical data and we apply the model to the problem of estimating receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. We apply the methods to post-prandial capillary blood glucose measurements as a criterion for a potential screening test for diabetes mellitus. One can obtain point estimates of sensitivity and specificity and their associated standard errors at any value along the observed range of post-prandial capillary blood glucose measurements. Also, in comparison to the models for ROCs described by Tosteson and Begg, ROC curves based on the continuation ratio model have the desired features that allow ROCs to be concave but not necessarily symmetric.
Dual adhesion systems of chick myoblasts

Cultured chick myoblasts (Mb) were resuspended by incubation with 100 micrograms/ml trypsin/2.5 mM CaCl2 (to yield TC-Mb), or with 5 micrograms/ml trypsin/2.5 mM EDTA (to yield LTE-Mb). As measured in a particle counter, TC-Mb aggregation was Ca2+ dependent, whereas LTE-Mb aggregated equally well in the presence of CaCl2 or EDTA. Cells subjected to the same treatments in sequence, like cells dissociated directly with 100 micrograms/ml trypsin/2.5 mM EDTA, did not aggregate significantly in the presence or absence of Ca2+. Adhesive specificity was assessed by mixing unlabeled cells with cells labeled with a fluorescent dye and then analyzing the distribution of fluorescent and nonfluorescent cells in aggregates. No adhesive specificity was seen in controls (i.e., TC-Mb aggregated randomly with TC-Mb, or LTE-Mb with LTE-Mb), but TC-Mb and LTE-Mb did not cross-adhere. These results indicate the existence of two independent, noncomplementing, adhesion systems, and suggest that the differential treatments preserve or activate one system while destroying the other. Myoblasts dissociated with 2.5 mM EDTA in the absence of exogenous trypsin (E-Mb) have both adhesion systems active on their surfaces, as do Mb grown in Ca2+-free medium and then dissociated with 0.7 mM EDTA (Knudsen, K. A., and Horwitz, A. F., Dev. Biol. 58, 328-338, 1977). Although aggregation of E-Mb is largely Ca2+ independent and that of Knudsen/Horwitz-Mb is largely Ca2+ dependent, they adhere well to each other and to LTE-Mb while segregating from TC-Mb. Fibroblasts also have dual adhesion systems, one Ca2+ dependent and the other Ca2+ independent, but TC-Fb do not cross-adhere to TC-Mb (nor E-Fb to E-Mb). Cell type-specific adhesive selectivity may thus contribute to the selectivity of myocyte fusion.
Structure and equilibrium optical properties of liquid CS2

Equilibrium optical properties of liquid carbon disulphide (CS2), i.e. its refractive index, Kerr constant and depolarized light scattering intensity are calculated using two models of optical response of the fluid. The first one, the point polarizability approximation (PPA) assumes that a point dipole, proportional to the total polarizability, is induced in each molecule. The second one, the point atomic polarizability approximation (PAPA) assumes that point dipoles are induced in individual atomic sites. The symmetry components of the intermolecular pair distribution function needed to calculate optical properties of the fluid are obtained by Monte Carlo computer simulation on a hard triatomic model of CS2 as well as by two approximate approaches using this same model. The approximations are both based on the use of the site superposition approximation (SSA) for the intermolecular pair distribution function. In the first approach, the SSA pair distribution is obtained using the Monte Carlo site-site fun...
Examination of rat placental lactogen and prolactin at 6-hr intervals during midpregnancy.

AbstractThe Nb2 node lymphoma cell bioassay was verified in our laboratory as a sensitive, reproducible, and accurate bioassay for measurement of serum rat placental lactogen (rPL). Blood samples taken every 6 hr during pregnancy showed a significant peak of rPL secretion in the late afternoon on Day 11. The inverse relationship between rPL and nocturnal prolactin (PRL) surges is shown.
The ANALYZE rulebase for supporting LP analysis

This paper describes how to design rules to support linear programming analysis in three functional categories: postoptimal sensitivity, debugging, and model management. The ANALYZE system is used to illustrate the behavior of the rules with a variety of examples. Postoptimal sensitivity analysis answers not only the paradigmWhat if …? question, but also the more frequently askedWhy …? question. The latter is static, asking why some solution value is what it is, or why it is not something else. The former is dynamic, asking how the solution changes if some element is changed. Debugging can mean a variety of things; here the focus is on diagnosing an infeasible instance. Model management includes documentation, verification, and validation. Rules are illustrated to provide support in each of these related functions, including some that require reasoning about the linear program's structure. Another model management function is to conduct a periodic review, with one of the goals being to simplify the model, if possible. The last illustration is how to test new rule files, where there is a variety of ways to communicate a result to someone who is not expert in linear programming.
A comparative examination and analysis of three listening tests

This study examined the conceptual and methodological similarities and differences of three listening measures—Watson‐Barker Listening Test, Kentucky Comprehensive Listening Test, and the Communication Competency Assessment Instrument. The results of a study using all three instruments provided information on the concepts being assessed in each and brought to light important methodological issues for listening test users.
Assessing hypnotic responsiveness in a clinical setting: a multi-item clinical scale and its advantages over single-item scales.

Abstract The Stanford Hypnotic Clinical Scale: Adult (SHCS:Adult), a shortened form of the Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale, Form C (Weitzenhoffer & E.R. Hilgard, 1962), is examined in accordance with 5 criteria listed for an adequate scale for clinical use. 2 single-item scales are also examined. The first of these is the induction score of the Hypnotic Induction Profile (HIP) of H. Spiegel and D. Spiegel (1978), in which the eye-roll, found to be uncorrelated with standard measures of hypnotizability, has no weight. The second is a new Stanford Hypnotic Arm Levitation Induction and Test (SHALIT) of E.R. Hilgard, Crawford, and Wert (1979). Both HIP and SHALIT are very brief, requiring less than 10 minutes to administer. The SHALIT succeeds as well as HIP, but in no instance do the single-item scales perform as satisfactorily as the moderately longer SHCS:Adult.
Localization of cytochrome P-450 in the head and trunk kidney of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri).

Mature, untreated rainbow trout display a marked sex difference in the level and activity of the P-450-dependent mixed-function oxidase system with males demonstrating higher levels than females. This difference is accentuated in the trunk kidney, is specific for endogenous substrates such as lauric acid and sex steroids, and is correlated with greater levels of the constitutive cytochrome P-450 isozyme, LM2. Using an immunohistochemical technique, the cellular localization of P-450 LM2 and P-450 LM4b, the major β-naphthoflavone inducible isozyme, in the head and trunk kidney of male, female, and juvenile trout has been demonstrated. Immunostaining for P-450 LM2 was observed in the cytoplasm of cells in the second portion (P2) of the proximal tubules of both male and female trout. In male fish, staining appeared to be more intense and involved most of the P2 segments in a tissue section. In female fish, P2 staining was moderate and involved fewer segments. Low staining intensity for P-450 LM4b was observed in the cytoplasm of cells both in the first portion of the proximal tubules and in P2 of male and female fish. Sexual dimorphism was not apparent. The finding of greater amounts of P-450 LM2 in males and low levels of P-450 LM4b in untreated male and female trout confirms previous biochemical studies. Localization of P-450 isozymes in the proximal tubules is consistent with findings in mammalian species. Moderate immunostaining by anti-P-450 LM4b IgG also was observed in the interrenal cells of the head kidney of male, female, and juvenile trout.
Uncertainty Assessment Accuracy and Resource Allocation Outcomes: An Empirical Test of a Presumed Relation

Abstract I conducted a correlational study to test the hypothesis that resource allocation outcomes become more favorable as uncertainty assessment accuracy (i.e., resolution and calibration) increases. For each of 32 college basketball games, participants predicted which team would win, estimated the subjective probability that their prediction was correct, and were given the opportunity to place a wager. The dependent variable was profit earned over the 32 bets. Proportion correct and mean certainty were controlled in the analyses. Results indicated that individuals with higher resolution scores earned significantly more profit than those with lower scores. Higher profits were also associated with better calibration.
Administrative and behavioral interventions for workplace violence prevention

BACKGROUND: Violence in the workplace accounts for 1000 fatalities and over 20,000 nonfatal events annually in the United States. The occupations with the most fatalities are taxicab drivers, employees in retail establishments, and law enforcement officers. Environmental strategies as well as behavioral and administrative measures could be employed to address violence. METHODS: This paper reports a critical review of the published literature on administrative and behavioral interventions directed at addressing workplace violence. Searching 17 different databases, we identified 137 papers that described workplace violence intervention strategies. Papers were further categorized according to whether they provided empirical data about an intervention or merely suggested intervention ideas. Suggested interventions were categorized according to applicability to types of workplace violence and organized according to the Haddon Matrix. RESULTS: Forty-one reports suggested intervention strategies but provided no empirical data; nine reported results of intervention evaluations. All intervention studies were based in the health care industry and addressed violent encounters between workers and patients. Overall, the research designs employed were weak and the results inconclusive. None used experimental designs. CONCLUSIONS: The lack of rigorous research to assess administrative and behavioral measures to address workplace violence represents a significant gap. Intervention research needs to draw on appropriate theoretical and conceptual frameworks, address the multiple contexts in which violence occurs, and employ strong evaluation research designs, including attention to process, impact, and outcome measures.
Module detection for bacteria based on spectral clustering of protein-protein functional association networks

Network analysis-based module detection has significant implications in many fields. In cellular/ molecular biology, module detection based on analyses of metabolic/regulatory networks will not only help us understand more about the function and evolution of cellular machinery of an organism, but will also provide tractable contextual information for potential drug targets and facilitate improvements in drug designs. We here present our preliminary study on the module detection for bacteria based on the spectral clustering of the protein-protein functional association networks. We first examined how the parameter of the spectral clustering algorithm (i.e., the number of clusters) affects our module detection results, and demonstrated that when the number of clusters was set too small or too large the resulting module collection deteriorate in terms of gene coverage and intra-module association. We then compared our predicted modules against the randomly generated modules, and demonstrated that our modules (i) have a higher ratio of the intra-module to inter-module gene-gene functional association scores and (ii) can better capture the modularization information inherent in the experimentally verified modules. Finally we compared the module collections of seven bacterial organisms, and observed that modules related to membrane transport and cell motility are among those that are conserved among multiple organisms. Because it is desirable from both scientific and technical points of view to study functional modules at various resolution levels, we believe that the spectral clustering algorithm, with the flexibility rendered by different parameter settings, provides an appropriate solution in terms of capturing the modularization properties of networks and computational affordability.