cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Practical Concepts of Ultrasound

The use of office-based ultrasound depends on the type of practice the clinician has developed. Whether performing from the perspective of otolaryngology or general surgery, the head and neck surgeon with a thorough knowledge of anatomy is ideally suited to perform thyroid ultrasound and assessment of adjacent structures. Similarly, the endocrinologist has a need to understand the conditions affecting the thyroid and parathyroid glands even though a direct surgical intervention is not part of his or her practice realm. In the past, all ultrasound images were obtained in the radiology department, and they were transferred to the clinician as a composite either in an envelope or through a digital format. The static nature of these images was a real limitation in the process and really did little to engage the clinician. In addition, the prohibitive cost of ultrasound units and their size did little to move the technology to an office base. Within the past decade, this has all undergone an accelerated transition. Ultrasound companies have understood the value in this new market and have become flexible in configuring systems to the needs of different specialties. Of course, obstetrical ultrasound has preceded these concepts and likely led the way to where we have finally arrived. In general surgery, ultrasound of the breast has been a basic technique for obtaining guided biopsies both in the clinic and operating room. Ultrasound has become a standard method of determining the presence of intraperitoneal blood after mechanical blunt or penetrating trauma usually performed in the emergency room by residents, surgeons, and emergency room physicians. In fact, the FAST examination has allowed these clinicians to quickly determine whether retroperitoneal and/or pericardial blood has also become part of the trauma equation. Vascular laboratories have developed in the surgical office setting which allows the vascular surgeon to have a firsthand understanding of applied flow dynamics. Intracavitary transducers have expanded the management of rectal and prostate cancer again for the clinician in the outpatient setting. There are many other uses of outpatient ultrasound, and these few examples are only an introduction to its application in thyroidology.
Effect of c-kit ligand on in vitro human megakaryocytopoiesis.

An evaluation of the effects of a recombinant, soluble form of the c- kit ligand alone and in combination with either granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) or interleukin-3 (IL-3) on the regulation of human megakaryocytopoiesis was performed using a serum- depleted clonal assay system and a long-term bone marrow culture system. The effects of the c-kit ligand on the primitive megakaryocyte (MK) progenitor cell, the burst-forming unit-megakaryocyte (BFU-MK), and the more differentiated colony-forming unit-megakaryocyte (CFU-MK) were determined. The c-kit ligand alone had no megakaryocyte colony- stimulating activity (MK-CSA) but was capable of augmenting the MK-CSA of both GM-CSF and IL-3. The range of synergistic interactions of c-kit ligand varied with the class of MK progenitor cell assayed. In the case of the BFU-MK, the c-kit ligand synergistically augmented the numbers of colonies formed in the presence of IL-3, but not GM-CSF, but increased the size of BFU-MK-derived colonies cloned in the presence of both of these cytokines. However, at the level of the CFU-MK, c-kit ligand synergized with both GM-CSF and IL-3 by increasing both colony numbers and size. Although the c-kit ligand alone exhibited limited potential in sustaining long-term megakaryocytopoiesis in vitro, it synergistically augmented the ability of IL-3, but not GM-CSF, to promote long-term megakaryocytopoiesis. These data indicate that multiple cytokines are necessary to optimally stimulate the proliferation of both classes of MK progenitor cells and that the c-kit ligand plays a significant role in this process by amplifying the MK- CSA of both GM-CSF and IL-3.
Relationships between angling effort and fish abundance in recreational marine fisheries

Relationships between angling effort and fish abundance have critical implications for the resilience and management of recreational fisheries, but these relationships have rarely been assessed empirically. Here, angling effort was related to fish abundance in three marine recreational fisheries in Florida, USA, through a suite of regression and time series methods that accounted for socio-economic and demographic variables. Overall, recreational angling effort was correlated with fish abundance, but further analyses provided little evidence of strong, causal relationships. Lack of strong relationships implies angling effort might increase in the future unrelated to fish abundance, a decoupling that could threaten the viability of fish populations in the absence of unpopular recreational effort limitation. The inability to establish more conclusive relationships between effort and fish abundance should motivate a future focus towards natural or manipulative experiments that may provide more powerful inferences.
A Technique for Selecting Emerging Technologies for a Fleet of Commercial Aircraft to Maximize R&D Investment

Presented at the SAE Aerospace Congress and Exhibition, Seattle, WA, September 10-13, 2001.
Legitimizing the social enterprise: development of a conformance framework based on a genealogical pragmatic analysis

AbstractCalls for an historic turn in management and organizational studies (MOS) have opened the door for the use of unique and innovative historical methods. While significant progress has been made, we propose the genealogical pragmatic method of analysis provides a path for continued theoretical development and methodological rigor in MOS. Relying on a genealogical pragmatic method allows researchers to problematize and reconceptualize important theoretical concepts critical for theory building. In this article, we apply genealogical pragmatic method to the historical case of Mound Bayou, an all African-American venture in Mississippi, to problematize and reconstruct present conceptualizations of conformance activities for gaining legitimacy as a social enterprise.
Word-level invariant representations from acoustic waveforms.

Extracting discriminant, transformation-invariant features from raw audio signals remains a serious challenge for speech recognition. The issue of speaker variability is central to this problem, as changes in accent, dialect, gender, and age alter the sound waveform of speech units at multiple levels (phonemes, words, or phrases). Approaches for dealing with this variability have typically focused on analyzing the spectral properties of speech at the level of frames, on par with frame-level acoustic modeling usually applied to speech recognition systems. In this paper, we propose a framework for representing speech at the word level and extracting features from the acoustic, temporal domain, without the need for spectral encoding or preprocessing. Leveraging recent work on unsupervised learning of invariant sensory representations, we extract a signature for a word by first projecting its raw waveform onto a set of templates and their transformations, and then forming empirical estimates of the resulting one-dimensional distributions via histograms. The representation and relevant parameters are evaluated for word classification on a series of datasets with increasing speakermismatch difficulty, and the results are compared to those of an MFCC-based representation. Index Terms: invariance, acoustic features, speech representation, word classification
PATTERNS AND DETERMINANTS OF EDGE VEGETATION OF A MIDWESTERN FOREST PRESERVE

To discern the effects of edge age, orientation, and adjacent vegetation structure on forest-edge composition, I surveyed and compared woody species composition in the forest interior and in edges located along roads encircling and bisecting Hueston Woods Nature Preserve, an old-growth beech-maple forest in southwestern Ohio. Among-habitat comparisons of species importance values and stem size-class distributions, coupled with the results of a DCA ordination, indicated compositional differences between: (1) edge and interior stands and (2) edges bordering young (35 years) open edges and older (> 60 years) closed edges. Compositional changes corresponded to an assumed microclimatic gradient based on the structure of the adjacent vegetation. Specifically, open edges were dominated by shade-intolerant and highly shade-intolerant species in almost all size classes; closed edges lacked highly intolerant species, but contained a number of shade-intolerant species (e.g. Prunus serotina; Fraxinus americana); inte...
Vector correlation of AVAz and curvature attribute-Application to Mississippian Tripolitic Chert, Osage County, Northeast Oklahoma

Summary Chert is an unconventional reservoir rock that has been developed successfully in west Texas, Oklahoma, California and Canada. Tripolitic chert is a diagenetically altered form of cherts which show high porosity and low resistivity. The Mississippian tripolitic chert is currently an exploration and development objective through-out southern Kansas and northern Oklahoma, including our survey area of Osage county. As one of the most fully developed unconventional plays in North America, knowing the orientation and intensity of the present day horizontal stress direction is critical to both the placement and completion of horizontal wells. In our study, we wish to determine the correlation, if any, between structural deformation as measured by curvature and coherence and the present day stress orientation as measured by amplitude vs. azimuth (AVAz) analysis. We map structural features along top Mississippian Lime horizon using geometric attributes and find a high correlation between low coherence and most negative curvature fault lineament. We migrate our data into azimuthal bins and compute changes in amplitude with azimuth. Such AVAz volumes are commonly used to predict the orientation of horizontal stress. Faults are known to modify the subsurface stress regime. We map faults using both the strike and magnitude of the mostnegative principal curvature and visually correlate them to strike and magnitude of AVAz. To quantify this correlation, we compute a vector correlation between AVAz and most negative curvature, and find high correlation between structural faults and low anisotropy intensity indicating that the Mississippian Lime are most controlled by diagenetically altered fractures.
Experimental histoplasmosis in mice, and pregnancy.

Two groups, each of 5 adult white female mice weighing 20 g, were used in the experiment. Group I, consisting of 5 pregnant animals, were inoculated intravenously with a heavy suspension of the mycelial phase of H. capsulatum 5 to 12 days before termination of pregnancy. On the date of delivery the pregnant animals were sacrificed and cultures were prepared from the maternal liver and spleen and from the placenta. Cultures were also taken from the livers of the fetuses. All cultures were grown on Sabouraud's glucose agar at 20 C for 8 weeks. Group II consisted of 5 animals which were inoculated with a heavy suspension of the mycelial phase of H. capsulatum. After an interval of 2 to 3 weeks these animals were mated. Five animals survived the disease long enough to be killed on the expected date of delivery. Cultures were prepared as in group I. In addition, the uterus was also cultured. The pregnant animals in groups I and II were sacrificed close to term. The mice were pinned down on a parafin tray. They were thoroughly soaked with 95% ethyl alcohol. The animal was then opened with scissors and the skin reflected in such a way that fragments of liver were easily removed for culture. The external surface of the uterus was sterilized with 95% alcohol. With sterile instruments the uterus was opened and a piece of placenta was taken and cultured on Sabouraud's medium. The fetus was opened and a piece of fetal liver was also cultured. Another set of sterile instru-
Marketing Educational Services to Meet Parent-Student Expectations

Given shrinking national pool of high-school prospects, marketing of school "image" in relation to its academic and nonacademic services becomes important. Based on 1420 responses of past, present and future students, and parents of these past, present, and future students, contrasting parent -student expectation-confirmation profiles of 24 high-school academic and nonacademic services are analyzed. Results indicate significant gaps between what parents want for their children, versus what students want for themselves in pursuit of collegeoriented high-school education.
Procedure for Quantitative Extraction of Sex Hormones from Urine

Summary and Conclusions1. A method for the extraction and assay of male and female hormones from normal urines has been described. 2. This procedure consists in 2-hour acid hydrolysis of the urine,...
Medical Absenteeism Among Cigarette, and Cigar and Pipe Smokers

A retrospective study was made of medical absenteeism among 226 male, hourly paid employees of a manufacturing company for the nine-year period 1956 through 1964. Subjects were aged 55 to 59 in 1965 and were examined and interviewed regarding smoking habits at that time. There were significant associations of high absenteeism with cigarette smoking and equally or more significant associations of low absenteeism with cigar or pipe smoking. Considerable overlapping of individual absentee rates among groups divided by smoking habits suggested caution in drawing causal conclusions about these associations. Results might fit the hypothesis that adoption of the habit of cigar or pipe smoking by middle age occurred among men with constitutional and absentee behavioral characteristics tending to distinguish them from men with a lifelong cigarette smoking habit.
Threading Lisp

An interpreter for Lisp based on the Forth model is described: Lisp and Forth are compared, threaded interpreters are discussed, and aspects of a Lisp implementation are presented.
Clinical study on oviduct blocking treated with acupuncture and moxibustion and drinking "Tong guan tang"

Objective:To investigate the efficacy of treating oviduct blocking with acupuncture and moxibustion and drinking "Tong guan tang",and explore the possible mechanism associated with the effect.Methods:Sixty patients of oviduct blocking were randomly divided into two groups,30 cases in the tested group and 30 cases in the controlled group.Observe the amelioration of clinical symptoms and signs after treatment and changes in the bloodstreams of a.ovarica with transvaginal color Doppler(TVCD) ultrasonic examination and amelioration of blood viscosity,then explore its effective mechanism.Results:The symptoms and signs of the tested group have been significantly improved after treatment,there was remarkable difference between the two groups(P0.05).The total efficacy of tested group was significantly higher than the controlled group(P0.05).A.ovarica bloodstream had been greatly improved,artery blood flow parameters(PI,RI)in the test group had significant difference from the controlled group(P0.05).The blood viscosity of tested group had a remarkable amelioration than the controlled group(P0.05).Conclusion:Acupuncture and moxibustion has preferable efficacy on oviduct blocking,the effective mechanism may be due to the improvement of a.ovarica bloodstream and blood viscosity.
Anticipated Stigma and Defensive Individualism During Postincarceration Job Searching

Obtaining employment is one of the most difficult challenges for individuals released from prison. This research explores the strategies recently released male parolees employ in attempting to find work, with specific attention to the role of anticipated stigma from their ex-convict status. Through the use of in-depth longitudinal interviews, this research contributes to our understanding of returning prisoner's experiences in job searching. We find that although a majority of the sample anticipated stigma as a barrier to employment, those who did expressed an extreme self-reliance consistent with defensive individualism. This reluctance to draw on social networks may ultimately be counter-productive to the search for employment.
Anterior laxity, graft-tunnel interaction and surgical design variations during anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: A probabilistic simulation of the surgery

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstructive surgeries, employing a total of 48 models, were conducted by virtually removing the ACL and then modeling the surgical preparation, tunnel architecture, graft pre-tensioning and fixation angle of a bone-patellar-tendon-bone autograft. Multifactorial sensitivity analyses were performed to assess the relative influence of these surgical factors on the intraoperative joint laxity, graft-tunnel contact mechanics and graft forces. The sensitivity results indicated that the combined variation in tunnel architecture and graft pre-tension at the time of fixation accounts for most of the estimated variance of the three outcomes. Joint laxity was largely influenced by tunnel placement with a modest contribution of the pre-tensioning force. However, variations in pre-tensioning force yielded a significant effect on both the in tunnel and intra-articular graft forces. Tunnel directions played the dominant role in the expressions of the contact shear between the graft and tunnel aperture in the fully extended and reconstructed joint. Given the proposed significance of the shear mediated graft abrasion at the graft-tunnel aperture, these sensitivity results are consistent with the general observation in the Multicenter ACL Revision Study (MARS), femoral tunnel architecture is most correlated with incidences of graft failures. Tunnel direction and graft pre-tension had similar effect on the estimated variance of the contact pressure in the fully extended joint. Data derived from the 48 ACL reconstructed models indicated that the anatomic surgical design may not be the only design that recovers the healthy joint laxity. In the context of the design of prospective studies, our findings highlight the need to include the graft tension and not fixation angle at the time of fixation as a variable in the evaluation of the surgery.
Comparison of Postmortem Handling Methods for Effects on Quality Characteristics of Mature Beef.

The longissimus, semitendinosus and semimembranosus muscles from 60 U.S. Utility beef carcasses were used to investigate the effects of electrical stimulation (ES), different postmortem boning times, blade tenderization coupled with enzyme dip, and storage conditions on the quality, appearance, cooking and sensory properties of cooked beef muscle. Muscles were removed from stimulated and nonstimulated sides at 1, 3 or 24-h Postmortem, wrapped in PVC film and either immediately frozen at -40°C or stored at 2 to 3 C for 24 h and then frozen at -40°C. Before freezing, part of the muscles was allocated to blade tenderization and/or enzyme dip treatments while the remainder served as controls. Electrical stimulation increased tenderness in muscles excised at 1 h postmortem; however, as boning time increased, the effects of ES on tenderness decreased. It was concluded that electrical stimulation increased tenderness sufficiently to allow boning at 1 or 3-h postmortem. Blade tenderization and/or enzyme dip treatments did not significantly improve tenderness of any of the muscles over the effects of ES. With the exception of the semitendinosus, muscles chilled 24 h before freezing were significantly (P<.05) more tender than those frozen immediately.
Effect of a sheared flow on iceberg motion and melting

Icebergs account for approximately half the freshwater flux into the ocean from the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets and play a major role in the distribution of meltwater into the ocean. Global climate models distribute this freshwater by parameterizing iceberg motion and melt, but these parameterizations are presently informed by limited observations. Here we present a record of speed and draft for 90 icebergs from Sermilik Fjord, southeastern Greenland, collected in conjunction with wind and ocean velocity data over an 8 month period. It is shown that icebergs subject to strongly sheared flows predominantly move with the vertical average of the ocean currents. If, as typical in iceberg parameterizations, only the surface ocean velocity is taken into account, iceberg speed and basal melt may have errors in excess of 60%. These results emphasize the need for parameterizations to consider ocean properties over the entire iceberg draft.
The Effect of Prolonged Daylight and Rise in Temperature on the Temperature Resistance Behaviour of Alaskan Plants in Short-day Condition

Summary Plants of the continental boreal zone of Alaska collected in an extreme winter-condition were subjected to a gradual rise in temperature and prolonged daily illumination in a growth chamber. In five day intervals these plants have been examined for their heat as well as their frost resistance. In the present paper the resistance behaviour of the examined plants in the experiments has been described and compared. As during the shift from winter to summer on the natural habitat, the heat and frost resistance of our experimental plants, which was quite high at the begin, was later found decreasing and finally reached values similar to the temperature resistance limits found for the same plants in the natural environment during summer. Between the 20th and 25th day of our experiments an abrupt loss in frost resistance indicates the transition from the winter condition of our plants to their spring- resp. summer condition. Generally the loss in heat resistance was found much smaller than the loss in frost resistance, which demonstrates the extreme importance of the frost factor in this climate.
The Effect of Ar/O2 and H2O Plasma Treatment of SnO2 Nanoparticles and Nanowires on Carbon Monoxide and Benzene Detection.

As the final piece of a broader study on structure–property performance of SnO2 sensors, this study examines the performance of sensors created from tin(IV) oxide (SnO2) nanowires and nanoparticles as a function of temperature for untreated (UT) devices as well as those treated using Ar/O2 and H2O plasmas. Nanoparticle and nanowire sensors were exposed to air, carbon monoxide (CO), or benzene (C6H6) to determine sensor response (Rair/Rgas) and sensitivity (Rair/Rgas > 1 or Rgas/Rair > 1). Although both Ar/O2 and H2O plasma modification minimally increase sensor sensitivity toward CO and C6H6 under most conditions, this study explores initial plasma parameters of a wide array of plasma precursors to better understand the materials properties and gas-phase species that lead to specific sensing capabilities. In particular, certain Ar/O2 and H2O plasma treatment conditions resulted in increased sensitivity over UT nanomaterials at 25 and 50 °C, but of greatest importance is the knowledge gained from the combi...
Role of acute negative pressure wound therapy over primarily closed surgical incisions in acetabular fracture ORIF: A prospective randomized trial.

Abstract Background Negative pressure wound therapy use over closed surgical incisions (iNPWT) has proven to be effective at reducing hematoma, wound drainage and infection in high-risk wounds. The purpose of this study was to determine if iNPWT decreased the risk of infection in patients undergoing open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) for acetabular fractures. Methods 71 patients who underwent operative intervention for an acetabular fracture between March 2008 and September 2012 consented and prospectively randomized to iNPWT or a standard postoperative (dry gauze) dressing. The primary endpoint was deep infection, i.e. necessitating surgical debridement. Patients were followed until fracture union. Results 33 patients were randomized to treatment with a standard gauze dressing and 33 patients were randomized to the iNPWT cohort. There were no statistically significant differences between the groups with respect to patient demographics, clinical, or surgery characteristics. Overall, seven patients (10.6%) were diagnosed with infections; two patients (6.1%) in the placebo group and 5 (15.2%) in the treatment group. Conclusions In this randomized prospective trial, iNPWT did not decrease the incidence of deep infections when compared to gauze dressings in patients with acetabular fractures. Although not statistically significant, patients in the iNPWT cohort were 2.77 times more likely to develop a deep infection.
Weighing the risks: Morbid obesity and diabetes are associated with increased risk of death on the liver transplant waiting list

Background & Aims Obesity is a growing problem in liver transplant (LT) candidates, paralleling the U.S. obesity epidemic and increase in LT for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). While post-LT survival appears to be similar in obese and non-obese patients, data is scarce regarding risk of waitlist dropout in patients with morbid obesity (BMI≥40 kg/m2). We examined the impact of obesity on waitlist mortality and evaluated predictors of dropout in LT candidates with morbid obesity or NASH Methods Competing risk analyses were performed in candidates listed between 3/2002-12/2013 to evaluate predictors of waitlist removal or death. Variables with p-value<0.05 in univariable models or clinically relevant were included in multivariable models Results 84,254 patients (34% female, median age 55, 15% Hispanic) were included. Compared to those with BMI 25-29.9 kg/m2, candidates with BMI≥40 kg/m2 were more likely to be female (46% vs. 28%), diabetic (25% vs. 18%) and have NASH (35% vs. 13%); all p<0.001. After adjusting for well-recognized predictors of waitlist dropout, including ascites severity, morbid obesity (HR=1.27, CI 1.20-1.36) and diabetes (HR=1.14, CI 1.11-1.17) were independent predictors of dropout. Morbid obesity remained a predictor (HR=1.27, CI 1.10-1.47) of dropout in patients without ascites (24%). In NASH patients, morbid obesity (HR=1.21, CI 1.07-1.37) and diabetes (HR=1.15, CI 1.06-1.23) were also associated with a higher dropout risk. In patients with morbid obesity, diabetes trended towards a higher dropout risk but was not significant (HR=1.12, CI 0.995-1.26) Conclusions Morbid obesity and diabetes are independent predictors of death in LT candidates. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
China's New “Black Box”: Problems and Prospects for the Central National Security Commission

China's establishment of a Central National Security Commission (CNSC) in late 2013 was a potentially transformative event in the evolution of China's national security decision-making structure. Yet, as of mid-2017, few details about this organization and its activities have been released, leading to continuing questions about its likely role and functions in the Chinese system. Based on an analysis of numerous authoritative but under-utilized Chinese sources, this article addresses the rationale, prospects and implications of the CNSC. It argues that the organization is both a fulfilment of a long-held desire by many in China for a centralized, permanent national security deliberation forum and also a reflection of the unique challenges facing China in the 21st century. Contrary to existing analyses, which argue that the CNSC is likely to be focused primarily on domestic security tasks, the article contends that it is more likely to play a major role in both internal and external security affairs. Moreover, the article argues that if certain obstacles can be addressed, the CNSC may have broad implications in areas ranging from China's crisis response capability to the role played by the Chinese Communist Party general secretary in the national security decision-making process. The conclusion recaps the findings and suggests avenues for further research.
Right ventricular fractional area of change is predictive of ventilator support days in trauma and burn patients.

Abstract Echocardiography has contributed to the care of critically ill patients but there remains a need for more publications about its association with outcomes to confirm its role. We conducted a retrospective review of trauma and burn patients that were admitted to our intensive care unit between 2015 and 2017 that underwent hemodynamic transesophageal echocardiography. Data collected included demographics, clinical and laboratory data. Right ventricle fractional area of change (RVFAC) measurements were performed on still mages obtained from mid-esophageal four-chamber-view clips. There were 74 patients, mean age was 51 years, and were predominantly white and male. Linear regression was used to test for the association between RVFAC and clinical outcomes. Adjusting for age, injury mechanism and injury severity, higher RVFAC was significantly associated with lower ventilator days (p = 0.03). Conclusion, higher right ventricle systolic function is associated with a lower number of ventilator support days in critically injured trauma and burn patients.
Sanitary Design and Construction for Food Processing

Sanitary design and construction or renovation of food facilities is essential to maintain a sanitary operation. Hygienic design begins with a site free of environmental contamination such as polluted air, pests, and pathogenic microorganisms. Site preparation is necessary to attain proper drainage and the reduction of contamination from the environment. All portions of a food facility should contain smooth, impervious surfaces that discourage pest entry. Loading dock design should include dock seals.
Adapting Chi Sigma Iota Principles and Practices of Leadership Excellence to a School Counseling Leadership Context

ABSTRACTThis article adapts the Chi Sigma Iota (CSI) Principles and Practices of Leadership Excellence (PPLE) to a school counseling context to enhance leadership excellence. This further bridges t...
Challenges and Opportunities of Health Information Exchange HIE From Health Consumers' Perspective

The implementation of HIE depends on a number of entities and one of the key participants is health consumers. All potential gains of HIE cannot be achieved without consumers' favorable beliefs and support. However, little is known about the factors affecting consumers to endorse electronic information exchange between healthcare organizations. The primary objective of this article is to identify how and why patients would support HIE used by healthcare providers. The author has conducted an online questionnaire-based survey in the U.S. This study has shown that perceived value of HIE is significantly related to consumers HIE supportive intention. Moreover, perceived value fully mediates the effects of perceived benefit and cost of HIE implementation on consumer tendency to endorse HIE. The findings also provide evidence to highlight that consumers' attitude toward exchange model moderates the relationship between value perception and intention to support HIE. Relying on the results, this study offers several practical and theoretical contributions.
Polychromatic wave-optics models for image-plane speckle. 2. Unresolved objects

Polychromatic laser light can reduce speckle noise in wavefront-sensing and imaging applications that use direct-detection schemes. To help quantify the achievable reduction in speckle, this paper investigates the accuracy and numerical efficiency of three separate wave-optics methods. Each method simulates the active illumination of extended objects with polychromatic laser light. In turn, this paper uses the Monte Carlo method, the depth-slicing method, and the spectral-slicing method, respectively, to simulate the laser-object interaction. The limitations and sampling requirements of all three methods are discussed. Further, the numerical efficiencies of the methods are compared over a range of conditions. The Monte Carlo method is found to be the most efficient, while spectral slicing is more efficient than depth slicing for well-resolved objects. Finally, Hu's theory is used to quantify method accuracy when possible (i.e., for well-resolved objects). In general, the theory compares favorably to the simulation methods.
Pankaj Jain, Science and Socio-Religious Revolution in India: Moving the Mountains

Pankaj Jain, Science and Socio-Religious Revolution in India: Moving the Mountains (London and New York: Routledge, 2017), 98pp., $70.00 (hbk), ISBN: 978-1-138-02359-8.
Complex Systems Research in Educational Psychology: Aligning Theory and Method

The purpose of this work is to provide an overview of complex systems research for educational psychologists. We outline a philosophically and theoretically sourced definition of complex systems research organized around complex, dynamic, and emergent ontological characteristics that is useful and appropriate for educational psychology. A complex systems approach is positioned as a means to align underexplored elements of existing theory with appropriate interaction dominant theoretical models, research methods, and equation-based analytic techniques. We conclude with a brief discussion of several foundational topics for complex systems research in educational psychology.
Nonlinear Adaptive Gas Force Observer for Determining Absolute Position in a Linear Vapor Compressor

Control of vapor compressors is made difficult by the presence of the highly nonlinear gas force due to gas compression. This is doubly the case with linear compressors as the gas force has the added effect of shifting the center of oscillation. In order to account for these effects a nonlinear acceleration observer is proposed which adaptively estimates the unknown shift in piston position as well as the unknown suction and discharge pressures. This estimated shift of position can then be used to obtain a sensorless observation of the absolute piston position. The proposed observer is validated by a Lyapunov stability analysis as well as through experimental testing.
Electrical and optical properties of nickel-doped Ge2Sb2Te5 films produced by magnetron co-sputtering

A magnetron co-sputtering system was used for producing nickel-doped Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST-Ni) thin films. The nickel content in the thin film was adjusted by the ratio of the plasma discharge power applied to the GST and nickel targets, as well as a physical shuttering technique to further control the nickel deposition rate. The doping concentration of the film was confirmed using Energy Dispersion Spectroscopy (EDS) technique. Results from a four-point probe measurement indicate that the nickel doping can reduce the resistivity of GST in the amorphous state by nearly three orders of magnitude. The dopant’s influence on crystallization behavior was studied by analyzing X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) patterns of the pure GST and GST-Ni at different annealing temperatures. To examine the structural changes due to the nickel dopant, the thin films were investigated with the aid of Raman scattering. Additionally, we extracted the optical constants for both the amorphous and crystalline states of undoped-GST and GST-Ni films by ellipsometry. The results indicate that at low doping concentrations nickel does not appreciably affect the optical constants, but dramatically improves the electrical conductivity. Therefore, nickel-doping of GST a viable method for designing optical devices for lower operating voltages at higher switching speeds.
Randomized Controlled Trial of Simulation vs. Standard Training for Teaching Medical Students High-quality Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation.

Author(s): McCoy, C. Eric; Rahman, Asif; Rendon, Juan C.; Anderson, Craig L.; Langdorf, Mark I.; Lotfipour, Shahram; Chakravarthy, Bharath | Abstract: Introduction: Most medical schools teach cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) during the final year in course curriculum to prepare students to manage the first minutes of clinical emergencies. Little is known regarding the optimal method of instruction for this critical skill. Simulation has been shown in similar settings to enhance performance and knowledge. We evaluated the comparative effectiveness of high-fidelity simulation training vs. standard manikin training for teaching medical students the American Heart Association (AHA) guidelines for high-quality CPR. Methods: This was a prospective, randomized, parallel-arm study of 70 fourth-year medical students to either simulation (SIM) or standard training (STD) over an eight-month period. SIM group learned the AHA guidelines for high-quality CPR via an hour session that included a PowerPoint lecture with training on a high-fidelity simulator. STD group learned identical content using a low-fidelity Resusci Anne® CPR manikin. All students managed a simulated cardiac arrest scenario with primary outcome based on the AHA guidelines definition of high-quality CPR (specifies metrics for compression rate, depth, recoil, and compression fraction). Secondary outcome was time to emergency medical services (EMS) activation. We analyzed data via Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test. Outcomes were performed on a simulated cardiac arrest case adapted from the AHA Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS) SimMan® Scenario manual. Results: Students in the SIM group performed CPR that more closely adhered to the AHA guidelines of compression depth and compression fraction. Mean compression depth was 4.57 centimeters (cm) (95% confidence interval [CI] [4.30-4.82]) for SIM and 3.89 cm (95% CI [3.50-4.27]) for STD, p=0.02. Mean compression fraction was 0.724 (95% CI [0.699-0.751]) for SIM group and 0.679 (95% CI [0.655-0.702]) for STD, p=0.01. There was no difference for compression rate or recoil between groups. Time to EMS activation was 24.7 seconds (s) (95% CI [15.7-40.8]) for SIM group and 79.5 s (95% CI [44.8-119.6]) for STD group, p=0.007. Conclusion: High-fidelity simulation training is superior to low-fidelity CPR manikin training for teaching fourth-year medical students implementation of high-quality CPR for chest compression depth and compression fraction.
SHEAR STRESS AS THE UNFORESEEN CULPRIT OF LATE PRESENTING STEMI

Blunt chest trauma (BCT) is a rare cause of acute coronary obstruction by forming a region of low shear stress within the coronaries, where hyperviscosity and increased erythrocyte rouleaux formation impairs the circulation. This phenomenon can cause ischemia and local necrosis in the absence of
Elucidating the mechanism of 200 kHz tumor treating fields with a modified DEP theory

AC electric field at 200 kHz has been used to kill tumor cells, possibly by inducing dielectrophoretic movement of molecules including tubulin and septin, which causes aberrant cell mitosis behavior. Currently no satisfactory models have been developed to elucidate the underlying mechanism. In this paper, we have proposed a modified DEP theory for calculating force in nonhomogeneous particles. By applying the new theory, we find out that the induced interaction between septin filaments is likely to be the main cause of tumor cell death.
Rhetoric and Educational Policies on the Use of History for Citizenship Education in England from 1880-1990.

This article attempts to review the rhetoric and the educational policies on the use of history for citizenship education from 1880-1990 in England. In many instances, the rhetoric served as powerful tools to gain the support of educational authorities, namely, the Board of Education, Ministry of Education and Examination Boards. Their support was reflected in the change of educational policies and school syllabi that followed. This study shows that there was strong and consistent widespread rhetoric on history's contribution to citizenship education throughout the century, neither stopped by the two great wars nor impeded by the challenge of social studies as a citizenship subject after the Second World War. Instead it was challenged by the discipline itself in the early 1980s when some historians began to doubt the "new" history on the ground that the "real" history was being devalued. Consequently, there was evidence that the "new" history did not take off widely. In many schools, history was taught for its own sake. Its value for the education of modern citizenship was not being emphasised. This article ends with the argument that under the environment of the National Curriculum, first implemented in the country in 1989, history still claims its relevance for citizenship education. History for Moral and Patriotic Citizenship Education Claims for history as a citizenship subject dated back long before it became an academic discipline. When Herodus, the father of history began to write history, it was for its social relevance. Since then, history has experienced a number of phases of development but its utility as a citizenship subject continued. Early this century, F. J. Gould, a British Educationist and humanist, published a large quantity of literature using history as a source for citizenship education --promoting moral and patriotic citizenship in young children. Other publications from historians and from the Board of Education also demonstrated the value of history for moral and patriotic citizenship education. Gould, different from a modern historian, saw history as an all-embracing subject which could, properly taught, provide social, moral and civic education for training children to be good future citizens. His approach was not only patriotic but also humanistic. He proposed seriously the use history for the training of patriotism and social loyalty. At the same time, he was aware of the importance of an international perspective. Through story-telling and through history, he worked out numerous schemes for the training of citizenship. He provided more than just rhetorical support for the subject. It was evident in the 1904 Elementary Code that history was approved as a school subject because of the emphasis it gave to the
Deep Vein Thrombosis after Femoral Arterial Access: Pathophysiologic and Therapeutic Challenges

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) after femoral arterial access is a rare complication of left heart catheterization (LHC). The reasons for paradoxical venous clot formation after arterial access are identifiable in some cases but less clear in others. Here, we present one case of provoked DVT after femoral access followed by a second case in which clot formation appears to be spontaneous. Additionally, though each of the patients presented here demonstrated thrombus resolution, only one received anticoagulation. These cases highlight the complex pathophysiology of DVT following femoral arterial access and the challenges of management strategy selection.
Defective intestinal repair after short-term high fat diet due to loss of efferocytosis

Defective tissue repair is a hallmark of many inflammatory disorders including, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). While it is clear that high fat diets (HFD) can exacerbate inflammatory disease by increasing inflammation, the direct effect of lipids on tissue homeostasis and repair remains undefined. We show here that short term exposure to HFD directly impairs barrier repair after intestinal epithelial damage by interfering with recognition and uptake of apoptotic neutrophils by intestinal macrophages. Apoptotic neutrophil uptake induces macrophage IL-10 production, which is lacking after intestinal damage in the context of HFD. Overexpression of IL-10 rescues repair defects after HFD treatment, but not if epithelial cells lack the IL-10 receptor, highlighting the key role of IL-10 in barrier repair. These findings demonstrate a previously unidentified mechanism by which dietary lipids directly interfere with homeostatic processes required to maintain tissue integrity.
On the Capacity of Faster Than Nyquist Signaling

This letter considers the capacity computations of faster-than-Nyquist (FTN) signaling. It calculates the theoretical capacity of FTN signaling which is obtained by a correlated input. The capacity-achieving power spectral density (PSD) is derived and its superiority over the independent input is shown. The practical issue imposed by the capacity-achieving PSD, i.e., out-of-band (OOB) emission, is shown. To solve this issue, an upper-bound is introduced for the input PSD to limit the OOB emission. The new optimization problem is solved and the constrained PSD is obtained. The introduced PSD captures the trade-off between the obtained capacity and the OOB emission.
Deep Convolutional Likelihood Particle Filter for Visual Tracking

We propose a novel particle filter for convolutional-correlation visual trackers. Our method uses correlation response maps to estimate likelihood distributions and employs these likelihoods as proposal densities to sample particles. Likelihood distributions are more reliable than proposal densities based on target transition distributions because correlation response maps provide additional information regarding the target’s location. Additionally, our particle filter searches for multiple modes in the likelihood distribution, which improves performance in target occlusion scenarios while decreasing computational costs by more efficiently sampling particles. In other challenging scenarios such as those involving motion blur, where only one mode is present but a larger search area may be necessary, our particle filter allows for the variance of the likelihood distribution to increase. We tested our algorithm on the Visual Tracker Benchmark v1.1 (OTB100) and our experimental results demonstrate that our framework outperforms the state-of-the-art methods.
Terms and Concepts: Mindfulness, Creativity, and Contemplative Arts

This chapter provides working definitions for the major terms and concepts that will be referenced through the book, specifically, mindfulness, creativity, and contemplative arts, and then discusses the relationships between them and their relevance to team creativity and collaboration. It describes how mindfulness practice can support openness to experience, cognitive flexibility, divergent thinking, and incubation, all important facets of creativity. It also characterizes contemplative arts practice as a mindful approach to creativity and discusses the importance of embodiment and somatic awareness in both mindfulness and creativity.
Extracellular Protons Mediate Presynaptic Homeostatic Potentiation at the Mouse Neuromuscular Junction

At the vertebrate neuromuscular junction (NMJ), presynaptic homeostatic potentiation (PHP) refers to the upregulation of neurotransmitter release via an increase in quantal content (QC) when the postsynaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are partially blocked. The mechanism of PHP has not been completely worked out. In particular, the identity of the presumed retrograde signal is still a mystery. We investigated the role of acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) and extracellular protons in mediating PHP at the mouse NMJ. We found that blocking AISCs using benzamil, psalmotoxin-1 (PcTx1), or mambalgin-3 (Mamb3) prevented PHP. Likewise, extracellular acidification from pH 7.4 to 7.2 triggered a significant, reversable increase in QC and this increase could be prevented by PcTx1. Interestingly, an acidic saline (pH 7.2) also precluded the subsequent induction of PHP. Using immunofluorescence we observed ASIC2a and ASIC1 subunits at the NMJ. Our results indicate that protons and ASIC channels are involved in activating PHP at the mouse NMJ. We speculate that the partial blockade of nAChRs leads to a modest decrease in the pH of the synaptic cleft (∼0.2 pH units) and this activates ASIC channels on the presynaptic nerve terminal.
An end-to-end supervised target-word sense disambiguation system

We present an extensible supervised Target-Word Sense Disambiguation system that leverages upon GATE (General Architecture for Text Engineering), NSP (Ngram Statistics Package) and WEKA (Waikato Environment for Knowledge Analysis) to present an end-to-end solution that integrates feature identification, feature extraction, preprocessing and classification.