cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Induction of Murine Intestinal Inflammation by Adoptive Transfer of Effector CD4+ CD45RB high T Cells into Immunodeficient Mice.

There are many different animal models available for studying the pathogenesis of human inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), each with its own advantages and disadvantages. We describe here an experimental colitis model that is initiated by adoptive transfer of syngeneic splenic CD4+CD45RBhigh T cells into T and B cell deficient recipient mice. The CD4+CD45RBhigh T cell population that largely consists of naive effector cells is capable of inducing chronic intestinal inflammation, closely resembling key aspects of human IBD. This method can be manipulated to study aspects of disease onset and progression. Additionally it can be used to study the function of innate, adaptive, and regulatory immune cell populations, and the role of environmental exposures, i.e., the microbiota, in intestinal inflammation. In this article we illustrate the methodology for inducing colitis with a step-by-step protocol. This includes a video demonstration of key technical aspects required to successfully develop this murine model of experimental colitis for research purposes.
Ultrastructure of the venom gland of the brown recluse spider, Loxosceles reclusa gertsch and mulaik (Araneae: Loxoscelidae)

Studies were conducted to describe the histology and fine structure of the venom gland of the brown recluse spider, Loxosceles reclusa, and to provide information about venom production and secretion. The L. reclusa venom glands are paired bulbous structures, located in the cephalothoracic cavity; the glands diminish proximally into cuticle-lined ducts that lie within the cheliceral fangs. The secretory epithelium is surrounded by a thick, striated musculature composed of irregularly shaped muscle bundles and is ensheathed by a basement membrane. The venom-producing cells of the gland are pyramidal epithelial cells which extend into the central portion of the gland. The secretory products of the venom gland are produced in the basal area of the epithelial cells as Golgi-associated, membrane-bounded packets of different electron densities and subsequently fuse with a large apical vacuole. Morphological evidence of neuroglandular control of the apical venom release is presented. Evacuation of the gland, following venom release, is subsequently promoted by the constriction of the large musculature. Comparison of venom glands from electrically depleted and normalbiting situations reveals no morphological differences. This study provides the first description of the L. reclusa venom gland in addition to supporting the use of venom obtained from spiders by electrical stimulation.
Are white-crowned sparrow badges reliable signals?

Status badges, such as crown plumage, mediate intraspecific interactions. The reliability of crown morphology as a status badge in male mountain white-crowned sparrows (Zonotrichia leucophrys oriantha) is uncertain. We examined morphological and physiological correlates of the proportion of crown that was white (“crown-white”) in 178 male mountain white-crowned sparrows during the 2008–2009 breeding seasons. Using a paired experimental design, we presented territory-holding males with white-enhanced and white-reduced decoys and recorded aggressive behaviors. To assess physiological constraints on signal bluffing, a subsample of birds was captured and released after manipulating natural crowns to simulate bluffed white-enhanced or white-reduced crowns; corticosterone concentrations were assayed from blood drawn upon recapture and after a restraint-induced stressor. We found a significant positive association between crown-white and a measure of body size—tarsus length—which is an established indicator of resource-holding potential. In the decoy challenge, males responded more aggressively toward white-enhanced than white-reduced decoys. In the hormone experiment, white-enhanced birds had higher baseline corticosterone levels, whereas white-reduced birds had similar concentrations to controls. Furthermore, white-enhanced birds had an attenuated restraint-induced corticosterone response, while white-reduced birds mounted a significantly larger increase in corticosterone than controls. Taken together, these findings indicate that crown-white is a reliable status badge of resource-holding potential in male mountain white-crowned sparrows during the breeding season.
Ability of a chest X-ray and an abdominal computed tomography scan to identify traumatic thoracic injury

Abstract Objective Our objective was to show that a chest X-ray (CXR) and an abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan are sufficient to identify most clinically significant thoracic injuries in trauma patients, rendering the thoracic CT scan useful in only a subset of patients. Methods A retrospective study identified thoracic injuries in 374 trauma patients evaluated with a CXR, a thoracic CT scan, and an abdominal CT scan. Injuries seen on the initial CXR versus those seen on a CT scan only (occult) were identified and assessed for clinical relevance. Results An abdominal CT scan identified 65% (15/23) of occult pneumothoraces, 100% (25/25) of occult hemothoraces, 64% (18/28) of occult pulmonary contusions, and 58% (18/31) of occult rib fractures. No occult pneumothoraces seen on the thoracic CT scan alone required tube thoracostomy. Conclusions Our pilot study suggests that a CXR and an abdominal CT scan will identify most occult intrathoracic injuries. Reserving a thoracic CT scan for patients with an abnormal CXR or high-risk mechanism could safely reduce cost and radiation exposure while still diagnosing significant thoracic injuries.
STIMULATION AND DEPRESSION OF GROWTH, FAT STORAGE, AND GONAD WEIGHT BY DAILY STIMULUS IN THE TELEOST FISH, Tilapía aurea1

A daily interval of sound, or mechanical stimulation, had varying effects on the growth rates, fat stores, and gonad weights in Tilapia aurea treated for several weeks. The effects were stimulatory, inhibitory or ineffective depending on the time of day during which they were administered. Weight gain over a 25 day period was 80% better in fish exposed daily to a sonic stimulus at dawn (20 minutes) than in non-exposed fish. Length increases, fat content and gonad size similarly could be altered by provision of stimulus at various times of the day.
Economic design of multi-characteristic models for a three-class screening procedure

SUMMARY In this paper, we present different inspection methods to determine the acceptability of produced items. In the first method, items are classified into two grades. An item belongs to a grade when it meets the requirements of that grade. In the second method, a joint screening rule based on an aggregation of the characteristics is used. The two methods are then compared.
Enzyme—substrate stabilization with surface-denaturated pepsin—albumin

Abstract 1. 1. Pepsin and albumin molecules will form autodigestible fibers from a compressed monomolecular film if they are mixed in solution prior to application to an air—water interface. 2. 2. When pepsin and albumin molecules in solution are placed separately on an air—water interface, the fibers formed are not autodigestible. 3. 3. Autodigestible fibers are formed from pepsin—albumin mixtures in the pH range of 4.4–6.6. When the proteins are mixed at pH 7.2, the fibers formed are not autodigestible. 4. 4. Curves obtained by precipitating these proteins with ammonium sulfate show that, although pepsin and albumin have distinctly different sensitivities to the action of this reagent, they precipitate out together when in mixture. 5. 5. The two proteins precipitate out together in the same pH range (4.4–6.6) as found for autodigestible fibers. At pH 7.2 they come down out of solution separately, according to their different solubilities. 6. 6. Mixtures containing albumin in excess show at pH 4.4 two separate precipitates. 7. 7. A tentative scheme is proposed to explain the data. According to this scheme, pepsin and albumin mixed at pH 4.4–6.6 combine to form an enzyme—substrate complex, which is stabilized when spread at an air—water interface and compressed to a fiber. The autodigestion of this fiber at pH 1.5 is taken to be the degradation of this stabilized complex.
Utilizing supporting evidence to improve dynamic requirements traceability

Requirements traceability provides critical support throughout all phases of a software development project. However practice has repeatedly shown the difficulties involved in long term maintenance of traditional traceability matrices. Dynamic retrieval methods minimize the need for creating and maintaining explicit links and can significantly reduce the effort required to perform a manual trace. Unfortunately they suffer from recall and precision problems. This paper introduces three strategies for incorporating supporting information into a probabilistic retrieval algorithm in order to improve the performance of dynamic requirements traceability. The strategies include hierarchical modeling, logical clustering of artifacts, and semi-automated pruning of the probabilistic network. Experimental results indicate that enhancement strategies can be used effectively to improve trace retrieval results thereby increasing the practicality of utilizing dynamic trace retrieval methods.
Burning up: finding fever expressions in triage notes

Biosurveillance depends on accurate recognition of symptoms such as fever. We describe a manual bootstrapping method for discovering fever expressions in emergency department triage notes, which will in turn serve as seed terms for automatic discovery of novel expressions.
Enough Is Enough! The Fine Line in Executing Multichannel Relational Communication

Abstract In an effort to build long-term, profitable relationships, many companies systematically engage in multichannel relational communication—personalized messages sent to existing customers through various channels as part of a broader relationship marketing strategy. In this research, the authors examine three key drivers of relational communication effectiveness: volume of communication, mix of communication channels, and alignment of those channels with customers' preferences. They hypothesize that customer response to relational communication follows a continuum in which reciprocity explains response to lower levels of communication, the classic ideal point describes a transition phase, and reactance explains response to higher levels of communication. They empirically test the theoretical framework by examining the impact of multichannel communication on repurchase over a three-year period. The results indicate that after the ideal level of communication is exceeded, customers react negatively. ...
Sex differences in psychomotor reminiscence across the life span

Abstract Research on sex differences in psychomotor reminiscence across the life span is reviewed and critically examined in relation to inhibition and consolidation theories of reminiscence. Major findings indicate that both the polarity of the differences and the absolute magnitude of reminiscence vary systematically with age, the most prominent features of which are shifts from male superiority in childhood to female superiority in young-adulthood to gender equality in old age. Evidence suggests that female superiority arises with the onset of menstrual cycling and fluctuates with levels of estrogenic hormones. These and related facts seem to place reminiscence firmly within the framework of developmental processes across the life span, and they appear to be more readily accommodated by inhibition theory than by consolidation theory. Interfaces between inhibition theory and contemporary developmental theories of sex differences are identified and discussed.
Long-term Persistence of Raphia taedigera Mart. Swamps in Nicaragua'

’The palm Ruphia tuedigeru Mart. forms vast, monodominant swamps in Central and South America, hut very little is known about the ecology and natural history of these ecosystems. Debate surrounds the issue whether R. tuedigeru swamps are early successional stages or mature “climax” communities. This paleoecological analysis of a 1.46-m sediment core from swamps on the Caribbean coast of Nicaragua establishes the abundant presence of R. tnedigeru swamps for at least 2800 ? 90 years. R. tuedigeru swamps must be considered persistent communities, warranting fiirther study because of their great extension into Central and South America.
Differential laser absorption spectroscopy of uranium in an atmospheric pressure laser-induced plasma

A two-beam differential laser absorption technique is used to measure U238 absorption spectra with high signal-to-noise ratios in an atmospheric pressure laser-induced plasma. High-resolution absorption spectra are presented for the U238 861 nm transition in the presence of dry air at pressures up to 760 Torr. A spectral linewidth (FWHM) of 2.23±0.13 GHz was found for the U238 line in dry air at 760 Torr. Absorption spectrum measurements using a low U238 concentration NIST glass standard were used to demonstrate sensitivity of the approach.
Zero Energy Sag Correctors - Optimizing Dynamic Voltage Restorers for Industrial Applications

Plants and processes with a high level of industrial automation are most severely affected by short-duration power disturbances. Such plants are frequently fed from highly reliable utility grids, with measured reliability levels that are consistently in excess of 3-5 nines, yet face hours of unscheduled downtime resulting from short-duration voltage sags. Extensive data confirm that such plants experience, on average, 30 power disturbances annually, of which over 95% are short-duration disturbances lasting for no more than six cycles on average. Data also confirm that over 90% of these disturbances are asymmetrical faults. This paper shows a new approach to protecting industrial plants from power disturbances by building on the fact that it is prohibitively expensive to protect against all possible power disturbances and that the cost-effective protection is based on a statistical assessment of disturbances recorded and equipment susceptibility. This paper also shows that it is possible to use a new family of zero-energy sag correctors to realize protection against over 96 of all power disturbances. The design guidelines for such sag correctors, along with simulation and experimental results for the new dynamic voltage restorer system, are provided.
Initial observations of the simultaneous multithreading Pentium 4 processor

This paper analyzes an Intel Pentium 4 hyper-threading processor. The focus is to understand its performance and the underlying reasons behind that performance. Particular attention is paid to putting the processor in context with prior published research in simultaneous multi threading - validating and re-evaluating, where appropriate, how this processor performs relative to expectations. Results include multi programmed speedup,parallel speedup, as well as synchronization and communication throughput.The processor is also evaluated in the context of prior work on the interaction of multi threading with the operating system and compilation.
Discourse markers in writing

Words like well, oh, and you know have long been observed and studied in spontaneous speech. With the proliferation of on-line dialogues, such as instant messaging between friends or back-and-forth...
Reporting of ethical issues in publications of medical research.

Summary Clinical investigators rarely describe the rationale for ethically controversial features of study design or procedures instituted to enhance the protection of patients taking part in research, or how they ensured informed consent. We recommend a policy of extensive reporting of pertinent ethical issues to promote public accountability for clinical research. Guidelines are presented, and possible objections to this recommended policy are addressed.
Studies of Coagulation and Fibrinolysis of the Arterial and Venous Blood in Normal Subjects and Patients with Atherosclerosis

In studies of coagulation of the arterial and venous blood of relatively young normal subjects, there were statistically significant arteriovenous differences in some of the tests employed. These differences, however, were not all in the same direction, in that some indicated increased and some decreased coagulation activity of the arterial blood. In patients with coronary heart disease, these arteriovenous differences were absent or less marked. It was suggested that this change in arteriovenous difference in such patients could possibly be attributed to the surface effect of the diseased arterial wall on the coagulation mechanism. It was recognized, however, that a number of other factors could contribute to, or entirely account for, this phenomenon. There was some evidence of increased coagulation activity in the venous blood of patients with coronary heart disease as compared to matched controls. This was indicated by a more rapid generation of thromboplastin with the addition of inosithin (platelet s...
Enhanced hearing in heat-activated-crimping prosthesis stapedectomy.

Objectives Compare short-term hearing outcomes with a heat-activated-crimping versus manual-crimping stapedectomy prosthesis. Study Design Retrospective chart review. Setting Tertiary care neurotology referral center. Patients 219 charts reviewed. Intervention Laser stapedectomy. Main Outcome Measures Audiometric. Methods Retrospective study comparing postoperative hearing in manual-crimp prostheses stapedectomies versus heat-activated-crimp prostheses stapedectomies. Results Of the 219 patients reviewed, 94 met inclusion criteria for the study, with 47 receiving manual-crimp prosthesis and 47 receiving heat-activated-crimp prosthesis. Short-term poststapedectomy air-bone gaps, long-term air-bone gaps, long-term pure-tone averages, and long-term air-bone gap closures were significantly better for heat-activated-crimp versus manual-crimp prostheses. Conclusion Heat-activated-crimping prostheses demonstrated enhanced stapedectomy hearing outcomes versus manual-crimping prostheses on short- and long-term follow-up. Three-dimensional reorientation of the heat-activated prosthesis may enhance the hearing outcome; however, theoretical nickel allergy considerations, effects of case selection, follow-up duration, possible eventual loosening of the heat-activated crimp, and long-term incus necrosis are considerations requiring continued longitudinal analysis.
Mechanism of Erythropoietin Regulation by Angiotensin II

Erythropoietin (EPO) is the primary regulator of red blood cell development. Although hypoxic regulation of EPO has been extensively studied, the mechanism(s) for basal regulation of EPO are not well understood. In vivo studies in healthy human volunteers and animal models indicated that angiotensin II (Ang II) and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors regulated blood EPO levels. In the current study, we found that Ang II induced EPO expression in situ in murine kidney slices and in 786-O kidney cells in culture as determined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. We further investigated the signaling mechanism of Ang II regulation of EPO in 786-O cells. Pharmacological inhibitors of Ang II type 1 receptor (AT1R) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) suppressed Ang II transcriptional activation of EPO. Inhibitors of AT2R or Src homology 2 domain-containing tyrosine phosphatase had no effect. Coimmunoprecipiation experiments demonstrated that p21Ras was constitutively bound to the AT1R; this association was increased by Ang II but was reduced by the AT1R inhibitor telmisartan. Transmembrane domain (TM) 2 of AT1R is important for G protein-dependent ERK1/2 activation, and mutant D74E in TM2 blocked Ang II activation of ERK1/2. Ang II signaling induced the nuclear translocation of the Egr-1 transcription factor, and overexpression of dominant-negative Egr-1 blocked EPO promoter activation by Ang II. These data identify a novel pathway for basal regulation of EPO via AT1R-mediated Egr-1 activation by p21Ras-mitogen-activated protein kinase/ERK kinase-ERK1/2. Our current data suggest that Ang II, in addition to regulating blood volume and pressure, may be a master regulator of erythropoiesis.
XAFS and Mössbauer spectroscopy characterization of supported binary catalysts for nonoxidative dehydrogenation of methane

AbstractThe structure and speciation of nanoscale, binary catalysts (0.5% M–4.5% Fe/Al 2 O 3 , withM=Pd, Mo, or Ni) that are very effective for the nonoxidative dehydrogenation of methane havebeen investigated by X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) and Mo¨ssbauer spectroscopy. Resultsare reported for the catalysts after precipitation from solution onto the alumina support, after pre-reduction at 700 jC in hydrogen, and after several hours of reaction in flowing methane. It is foundthat all three secondary metal additives enhance the reducibility of the catalysts. The phasesidentified that are believed to have the greatest effect on activity are hercynite (FeAl 2 O 4 ) andnonmagnetic metallic alloys (Fe 2 Mo, Fe–Ni–C austenite, Fe–Pd–C austenite, and possibly Fe–Mo–C austenite). Hercynite is believed to enhance the activity of the catalysts by binding thecatalyst particles to the alumina surface preventing demetallization. The nonmagnetic alloys arebelieved to be the active phases for dehydrogenation of methane with simultaneous formation ofcarbon nanotubes, which grow away from the surfaces of the bound catalyst nanoparticles,preventing deactivation by coking.D 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
The philosophical war: Beyond the Cartesian subject in Alain Resnais's La Guerre est finie (1966)

ABSTRACTThis article provides a detailed formal analysis of constructs of subjectivity in the early feature films of Alain Resnais, culminating in a close reading of his 1966 film, La Guerre est finie/The War is Over. I argue that Resnais offers a unique and illustrative example for how cinema is aligned with twentieth-century philosophy, in particular through his modes of deconstructing conventions of film language so as to challenge classical understandings of the binary or hierarchical relationship between subject and object, interior and exterior, real and imaginary.
Effect of dietary vitamin A on the innate resistance of cattle to infestation by larvae of Hypoderma lineatum (Diptera: Oestridae).

The mean levels of vitamin A in the serum of 6-month-old Hereford calves fed complete or vitamin A-deficient diets for 85 days were 51.6 and 14.0 μ/100 ml, respectively. The animals deficient in vitamin A were more susceptible than normal animals to infestation by larvae of Hypoderma lineatum that hatched from eggs laid on the hair (39.7 vs 21.2% recovery of larvae) but not to infestation by similar numbers of newly hatched larvae injected subcutaneously (57.9 vs 52.7% recovery of larvae). Avitaminosis A apparently reduced the resistance of calves to percutaneous invasions by the parasites.
Narrative Approaches to Conflict Resolution Across Technologically Mediated Landscapes

Young migrants across the globe increasingly interact and socialize with culturally diverse others across technologically mediated spaces. Bicultural and transnational development are becoming norms for contemporary youth as new media technology allows them to engage in interactions with diverse others across multiple cultural landscapes. What cultural tools do young migrants use to resolve conflicts with diverse peers across technologically mediated interpersonal interactions? To answer this question 44 individuals ages 15-20 participated in a quasi-experimental workshop engaging them in the process of sense-making. During the workshop participants wrote projective narratives in response to a vignette depicting text-massage mediated interaction embedded among monocultural and bicultural groups of peers. Quantitative and qualitative data analyses focus on physical, psychological and communicative conflict resolution strategies used in narrative construction. The results indicate that immigrant youth are able to employ and coordinate varied strategies when approaching conflict resolution across culturally diverse landscapes of social interactions.
Cringing at Myths of Black Sexuality

(1992). Cringing at Myths of Black Sexuality. The Black Scholar: Vol. 22, The Clarence Thomas Confirmation, pp. 65-66.
Update in Critical Care Medicine: Evidence Published in 2015.

This Update summarizes studies published in 2015 that the authors consider highly relevant to the practice of critical care medicine.
Application of a robust statistics based fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method in quality assessment between coal property laboratories

Combining the Z-score from the robust statistics analysis method with fuzzy comprehensive evaluation(FCE)method,a Z score-fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model was established. This model is applied to a case study in ability evaluation of coal labs.The test result was transferred into Z scores,then converted to a fuzzy membership function,thus to perform a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation(FCE)on the satisfaction degree of the multi-variables to evaluate the laboratories' testing ability.Analysis on detection results of 34coal labs indicated that,the Z scorefuzzy comprehensive evaluation model can conduct an overall judgment and evaluation on labs,overcome the shortcoming that the RSA method can only deal with single factor problems and that the conventional methods have a large computational complexity,which can be applied in laboratory ability test with multi-factor set and multi-index set.
Circulating CD3+ CD4+ CD8+ T lymphocytes in multiple sclerosis

Triple-antibody flow cytometry was used to search for distinctive populations of peripheral blood lymphocyte immunophenotypes in multiple sclerosis (MS). Using monoclonal antibodies to the cell surface markers CD3, CD4, and CD8, T cell subsets were quantified on a cohort of 31 MS patients (not treated with corticosteroids for at least 6 months), 30 healthy donors, and 14 patients with other autoimmune diseases (also corticosteroid treatment-free for at least 6 months). Untreated MS patients displayed a significantly greater population of CD3+CD4+CD8+ circulating T cells than healthy donors (P = 0.023). Patients with other autoimmune diseases displayed mean populations of CD3+CD4+CD8+ cells greater than normal donors and less than MS, but not significantly different from either. An additional 45 MS patients who had received corticosteroid therapy within the previous 6 months were phenotyped. Treatment of symptomatic MS with corticosteroids was associated with a smaller population of circulating CD3+CD4+CD8+ cells. Some MS patients have significantly greater numbers of peripheral blood T lymphocytes simultaneously expressing CD3, CD4, and CD8 surface markers than healthy donors and this population of cells may be reduced by corticosteroids treatment. This triple positive phenotype may be a manifestation of a systemic immune abnormality in MS.
mTOR, Aging, and Cancer: A Dangerous Link

mTOR and aging appear to have co-evolved in eukaryotes, suggesting that cancer would be inexorably linked to these fundamental aspects of life. We argue this is a perilous linkage, although there is an opportunity to suppress cancer and aging as Shakespeare said of red kites attacking chickens “as one fell swoop,” which up to now might have seemed fantastical. We review current knowledge concerning the role of mTOR in both aging and cancer and proof of concept results indicating that rapamycin, or similar inhibitors, should be considered for this “down to earth” application. We also discuss the immunosuppression controversy regarding chronic rapamycin use in longevity and cancer prevention and argue that this putative caveat is not supported by available evidence. If we are going to get serious about a looming economic burden of the aging population and their associated diseases (like cancer), we might need to consider approaches that prevent or treat more than one disease at a time.
Smart load distribution in AC µGrid: Operation and control

This paper presents a droop-based control methodology for a cluster of distributed generation systems and loads, accumulated together to form an AC µGrid. It is very important to operate and control µGrid in a way to achieve more reliability, cost benefit and enhanced performance. The main control objective in the proposed control methodology is to provide a plug-and-play functionality to the clusters of µGrids. Therefore, not only they will maintain the terminal voltage constant, but also, there will be an equal load sharing among the energy resources in per unit. This method will offer a high stability to these systems during the interconnection with other µGrids. The proposed methodology has been described analytically and has been verified through simulation.
Soil as a sink for atmospheric carbon monoxide

The rate of carbon monoxide oxidation by soil increased with increasing carbon monoxide concentration in the gas phase, in line with Michaelis-Menten kinetics. Rates of carbon monoxide oxidation were determined for 20 soils at 0/sup 0/, 10/sup 0/, 20/sup 0/, and 30/sup 0/C. The observed oxidation rates were used to calculate a global soil uptake rate of atmospheric carbon monoxide of 4.1 x 10/sup 14/ grams per year, which is slightly less than the amount of carbon monoxide believed to be produced annually as a result of fossil fuel combustion.
Beyond the Attack Surface: Assessing Security Risk with Random Walks on Call Graphs

When reasoning about software security, researchers and practitioners use the phrase ``attack surface'' as a metaphor for risk. Enumerate and minimize the ways attackers can break in then risk is reduced and the system is better protected, the metaphor says. But software systems are much more complicated than their surfaces. We propose function- and file-level attack surface metrics---proximity and risky walk---that enable fine-grained risk assessment. Our risky walk metric is highly configurable: we use PageRank on a probability-weighted call graph to simulate attacker behavior of finding or exploiting a vulnerability. We provide evidence-based guidance for deploying these metrics, including an extensive parameter tuning study. We conducted an empirical study on two large open source projects, FFmpeg and Wireshark, to investigate the potential correlation between our metrics and historical post-release vulnerabilities. We found our metrics to be statistically significantly associated with vulnerable functions/files with a small-to-large Cohen's d effect size. Our prediction model achieved an increase of 36% (in FFmpeg) and 27% (in Wireshark) in the average value of F{2}-measure over a base model built with SLOC and coupling metrics. Our prediction model outperformed comparable models from prior literature with notable improvements: 58% reduction in false negative rate, 81% reduction in false positive rate, and 548% increase in F{2}-measure. These metrics advance vulnerability prevention by [(a)] being flexible in terms of granularity, performing better than vulnerability prediction literature, and being tunable so that practitioners can tailor the metrics to their products and better assess security risk.
Preparing STEM Teachers to offer New Mexico Computer Science for All

In this paper, we describe a new teacher professional development program, New Mexico Computer Science for All (NM-CSforAll), that prepares high school science, technology, engineering and math (STEM) teachers to serve as learning coaches / teaching assistants for a dual credit Computer Science (CS) course. The dual credit course for students follows a "flipped classroom" model with the lecture portion delivered online through University of New Mexico (UNM) and the lab portion offered by participating teachers at local high schools. The course utilized a novel curriculum focusing on teaching CS concepts through computer modeling of complex adaptive systems. We reflect on what we learned while preparing STEM teachers to become CS teachers and discuss the affordances and barriers to bringing CS education to rural and under-resourced schools across the state of New Mexico.
Direct characterization of the Li intercalation mechanism into α-V2O5 nanowires using in-situ transmission electron microscopy

The Li-V2O5 system has been well studied electrochemically, but there is a lack of systematic in-situ studies involving direct investigations of the structural changes that accompany the lithiation process. The open-cell battery setup inside a transmission electron microscope is ideal for studying the reaction pathway of intercalation of Li+ into nanowire cathodes. In this work, we utilize in-situ transmission electron microscopy to study the Li-V2O5 system. More specifically, we employ electron beam diffraction and electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) in an open-cell battery setup to examine the phase changes within α-V2O5 nanowire cathodes upon in-situ lithiation. Our results suggest that the pristine α-V2O5 nanowire forms a Li oxide shell which then acts as a solid state electrolyte to conduct Li+ ions, and the bulk of the V2O5 nanowire undergoes transformation to the γ−Li2V2O5 phase.
Words as Events: Cretan MantinÃ¡des in Performance and Composition

Reviewed Medium: book Authors: Venla SykA¤ri Year: 2011 Pages: 224 Publisher: Finnish Literature Society ISBN: 978-952-222-261-9 (soft cover).
Systematicity is necessary but not sufficient: on the problem of facsimile science

Paul Hoyningen-Huene argues that what makes scientific knowledge special is its systematic character, and that this can be used to solve the demarcation problem. He labels this STDC: “Systematicity Theory’s Demarcation Criterion.” This paper argues that STDC fails, because there are areas of intellectual activity that are highly systematic, but that the great majority of scientists and historians and philosophers of science do not accept as scientific. These include homepathy, creationism, and climate change denial. I designate these activities “facsimile sciences” because they mimic the appearance of science but are not, by the standards of philosophers and scientists, scientific. This suggests that we need additional criteria to demarcate science from non-science and/ or nonsense.
Resilience and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms in National Guard Soldiers Deployed to Iraq: A Prospective Study of Latent Class Trajectories and Their Predictors

This study examined the prospective course of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in a cohort of National Guard soldiers (N = 522) deployed to combat operations in Iraq. Participants were assessed 4 times: 1 month before deployment, 2–3 months after returning from deployment, 1 year later, and 2 years postdeployment. Growth mixture modeling revealed 3 distinct trajectories: low-stable symptoms, resilient, 76.4%; new-onset symptoms, 14.2%; and chronic distress, 9.4%. Relative to the resilient class, membership in both the new-onset symptoms and chronic distress trajectory classes was predicted by negative emotionality/neuroticism, odds ratios (ORs) = 1.09, 95% CI [1.02, 1.17], and OR = 1.22, 95% CI [1.09,1.35], respectively; and combat exposure, OR = 1.07, 95% CI [1.02, 1.12], and OR = 1.12, 95% CI [1.02, 1.24], respectively. Membership in the new-onset trajectory class was predicted by predeployment military preparedness, OR = 0.95, 95% CI [0.91, 0.98], perceived threat during deployment, OR = 1.07, 95% CI [1.03, 1.10], and stressful life events following deployment, OR = 1.44, 95% CI [1.05, 1.96]. Prior deployment to Iraq or Afghanistan, OR = 3.85, 95% CI [1.72, 8.69], predeployment depression, OR = 1.27, 95% CI [1.20, 1.36], and predeployment concerns about a deployment's impact on civilian/family life, OR = 1.09, 95% CI [1.02, 1.16], distinguished the chronic distress group relative to the resilient group. Identifying predeployment vulnerability and postdeployment contextual factors provides insight for future efforts to bolster resilience, prevent, and treat posttraumatic symptoms.
The Little Mermaid: Hans Christian Andersen's Feminine Identification

While verbally transmitted fairy tales express universal human concerns, the literary fairy tale, the written creation of an individual author, permits a psychodynamic understanding of the writer. The little mermaid's willingness to undergo the pain and mutilation involved in the loss of both her tail and was voice in order to become a mortal and marry a prince has been regarded as illustrating problems in female sexual development. However, a review of Hans Christian Andersen's biographical data indicates that the story also represents his unconscious homosexual conflicts and supports Freud's concept of the role of castration anxiety in the negative Oedipus complex.
Abstract P293: Endothelial Sodium Channel Activation Promotes Vascular Stiffness in Obese Female Mice

Obesity-associated arterial stiffening is an independent predictor of cardiovascular disease (CVD) events. Although premenopausal non-obese women are protected against CVD, aortic stiffening in obese women is more common than in men. This disproportionate increase in vascular stiffness in obese females may partly explain their loss of sex-related CVD protection. Recent studies have suggested a role for endothelial sodium channel (ENaC) activation in promotion of endothelial stiffness and suppression of flow-(nitric oxide) mediated vasodilation. Increased mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) activation mediated endothelial stiffness is promoted, in part, by ENaC activation. In this regard, we have recently reported increased aortic stiffness, MR and ENaC expression and endothelial dysfunction in female mice fed a high fat and high fructose diet (western diet [WD]). This increase in aortic stiffness was prevented by very low dose MR antagonism. Accordingly, we hypothesized that inhibition of MR-mediated ENaC activation by using a very low dose of the ENaC inhibitor, amiloride, would prevent arterial stiffening and vascular dysfunction in WD-fed female mice. Four week old C57BL6/J mice were fed a WD containing high fat (46%), sucrose (17.5%), and high fructose corn syrup (17.5%) with or without a very low dose of amiloride (1mg/kg/day) for 16 weeks. Amiloride significantly attenuated WD-induced increases in aortic stiffness in vivo as measured by pulse wave velocity as well as in vitro endothelial stiffness as measured by atomic force microscopy. Moreover, incubation of aortic explants with very low dose of amiloride (1 μM) inhibited WD-induced aortic stiffness in aorta explants from WD-fed female mice. Amiloride also prevented WD-induced impairment in acetylcholine-induced aortic vasodilatation and flow-mediated dilation in mesenteric arteries. Taken together, these observations support a role for ENaC activation in diet-induced vascular stiffening in obese females.
"Best practices in risk reducing bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy: the influence of surgical specialty".

Risk-reducing bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (RRBSO) increases survival in patients at high risk of developing ovarian cancer. While many general gynecologists perform this procedure, some argue it should be performed exclusively by specialists. In this retrospective observational study, we identified how often optimal techniques were used and whether surgeons’ training impacted implementation. We used the ACOG guidelines highlighting various aspects of the procedure to determine which elements were consistent with best practices to maximize surgical prophylaxis. All cases of RRBSO from 2006 to 2010 were identified. We abstracted data from the operative and pathology reports to review the techniques employed. Fisher’s exact test and chi-square were utilized to compare differences between groups (InStat, La Jolla, CA). Among 263 RRBSOs, 22 were performed by general gynecologists and 241 by gynecologic oncologists. Gynecologic oncologists were more likely to perform pelvic washings—217/241 vs. 10/22 (p < .0001). They were more likely to include a description of the upper abdomen—220/241 vs. 12/22 (p < .0001). Oncologists were more likely to utilize a retroperitoneal approach to skeletonize the infundibulopelvic ligaments—157/241 vs. 3/22 (p < .0001). When operations were performed by oncologists, the specimens were more often completely sectioned—217/241 vs. 16/22 (p = .003). The use of a retroperitoneal approach among gynecologic oncologists increased over the study period (chi-square for trend, p < .0001). There was no visible trend in performance improvement in any other area when looking at either group. Gynecologic oncologists are more likely to adhere to best practice techniques when performing RRBSO, though there was room for improvement for both groups.
Compilation Of Damage Findings From Multiple Recent Teardown Analysis Programs

Fleet managers depend upon various tools to assure the safe operation of their aircraft. Performing a structural teardown analysis program of one or more aircraft with known service history provides precise damage data resulting from a given usage. These data can then be used to validate NDI methods, update damage models and reduce uncertainty in the damage condition assessment of the remaining fleet. In the past six years the USAF Academy Center for Aircraft Structural Life Extension (CAStLE) has been involved, at various levels, in multiple teardown analysis programs. CAStLE's level of involvement has ranged from consultant through failure analysis support to planning and executing all elements of an entire program. In each program large regions of selected aircraft were disassembled by precision means, cleaned of all coatings and inspected by a variety of NDI techniques. These NDI indications were then evaluated by failure analysis methods to determine the root cause of failure—the type of damage which resulted in the NDI indication. Failure analysis findings which were a result of aircraft operations were further analyzed to obtain detailed damage characteristics.
Applications in Other Fields

This chapter first discusses studies of graphene, whose intriguing physical properties and promising technological applications has attracted widespread attention. An area of similar interest, both from the point of view of basic physics and technology, plasmon physics is addressed next. While in the graphene studies all available imaging methods have been used with great success, the study of plasmons has been a domain of PEEM. Surface microscopy with slow electrons has also been used in a wide range of more technology-oriented applications ranging from minerals to electronic devices, and these are discussed next, followed by a short section describing the limited amount or work done in biology. A study of an unknown material, in which many methods had to be combined, completes this chapter.
Introduction to “Marriage and Elite Structure in Renaissance Florence, 1282-1500”

El siguiente texto, salido de una ponencia de conferencia y escrito en 1994 es el primer borrador de un articulo publicado en el 2010 en Renaissance Quarterly y llamado “Open Elite? Social Mobility, Marriage, and Family in Florence, 1282-1494. ” Esta introduccion debate las justificaciones metodologicas para publicar un primer borrador, escrito seis anos antes del articulo final mas sofisticado. Al descubrir algunos de los pasos del proceso de investigacion permite examinar la relacion entre los dos estilos de “interpretacion” en la historia y el “test de hipotesis” en ciencias sociales.
Campus sexual assault and student activism, 1970–1990:

This historical analysis research project traces the early history of the anti-rape movement within the US by examining one university’s development of a sexual violence resource center and the rol...
Transitional Justice before and after Transition: Colombia in Comparative Perspective

espanolResumen La experiencia colombiana con la justicia transicional (TJ) es anterior al reciente acuerdo de paz entre el gobierno de Colombia y las FARC. Colombia representa un caso unico de esfuerzos significativos hacia TJ antes de que se lograra un fin negociado del conflicto armado. Las leyes, instituciones y programas que implementaron estos mecanismos anteriores de TJ sentaron las bases para un entorno posterior al conflicto, a pesar de que su implementacion tuvo lugar en medio de un conflicto en curso. Cada administracion ha podido identificar areas de mejora para los mecanismos que ya existen y los ha fortalecido mediante cambios en la estructura normativa o mediante la creacion de nuevas instituciones. Despues de un breve resumen de la evolucion del concepto de los mecanismos de TJ y TJ, el documento proporciona una breve descripcion de los casos comparativos de TJ en America Central. Luego se considera el caso colombiano, examinando primero las iniciativas de TJ anteriores al acuerdo de paz, antes de centrarse en los mecanismos de TJ negociados entre el gobierno colombiano y las FARC. Analizar el caso colombiano en una perspectiva tanto historica como comparativa puede ayudar a arrojar luz sobre algunos de los desafios clave que se avecinan para la responsabilidad de TJ en Colombia. EnglishAbstract Colombian experience with transitional justice (TJ) significantly precedes the recent peace agreement between the Colombian government and the FARC. Colombia presents a unique case of significant efforts towards TJ before a negotiated end of the armed conflict was achieved. As such, each prior experience with TJ informed posterior efforts. After a brief summary of the evolution of the concept of TJ and TJ mechanisms, the paper provides a brief overview of comparative cases of TJ in Central America. Then, the Colombian case is considered, first examining TJ initiatives that preceded the peace agreement, before focusing on TJ mechanisms negotiated between the Colombian government and FARC. Analyzing the Colombian case in both historical and comparative perspective can help to shed light on some of the key challenges that lay ahead for TJ accountability in Colombia.
Impact of Ammonia During Composting on Calonectria pseudonaviculata and C. henricotiae, Causal Agents of Boxwood Blight

Boxwood (Buxus spp.) blight is a devastating disease caused by the Ascomycete fungus Calonectria pseudonaviculata in the U.S. and Europe. A second Calonectria species, C. henricotiae, is also patho...
The p-norm of hypermatrices with symmetries.

The $p$-norm of $r$-matrices generalizes the $2$-norm of $2$-matrices. It is shown that if a nonnegative $r$-matrix is symmetric with respect to two indices $j$ and $k$, then the $p$-norm is attained for some set of vectors such that the $i$th and the $j$th vectors are identical. It follows that the $p$-spectral radius of a symmetric nonnegative $r$-matrix is equal to its $p$-norm for any $p\geq2$.
Development of In-Core Gas Release Devices for Fast Flux Test Facility Fuel Failure Monitoring System Testing

Development of two in-core gas release devices has been completed. Both of these passive devices are sealed with low-melting-point, fusible materials and can produce controlled, predictable releases of gas. the two devices can simulate typical burst and slow gas releases from reactor fuel pin cladding breaches and will be used during acceptance testing of the Fuel Failure Monitoring System of the Fast Flux Test Facility. A series of feature tests was first performed to demonstrate the feasibility of using fusible plugs to seal gas capsules and achieve controlled, predictable releases. 4 refs.
Indirect Effects Explain the Role of Parasites in Ecosystems.

Parasites are increasingly recognized as integral members of ecological communities, but their ecological effects remain less clear. Here, I propose that, to uncover the unique role of parasites, we must understand their indirect effects, which differ in important ways from those caused by predators. Similar to predators, parasites can cause density-mediated indirect effects (DMIEs) through their consumptive effects, and trait-mediated indirect effects (TMIEs) through their nonconsumptive effects; however, because they can consume a host without killing it, parasites can also trigger TMIEs through their consumptive effects. I consider the relative importance of each parasite-induced indirect interaction type and demonstrate their population-, community-, and ecosystem-level consequences. This paper contributes to recent efforts to unite predator–prey and parasite–host theory under a general consumer–resource framework.