cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Asymmetric Wage-Price Mechanisms and Monetary Transmission in Europe

Differences in wage-price mechanisms provide another potential source of asymmetric monetary transmission in Europe. Wage and price setting behavior represent the supply side of the European economies and determine to what extent changes in aggregate demand feed into output and prices. As a consequence of asymmetric wage-price mechanisms, the common monetary policy of the ECB might lead in some member countries to stronger output or price effects than in others. This chapter investigates whether the presence of supply side asymmetries might even lead to qualitative cyclical differences in the response to the common monetary policy.
Intimate Partner Homicide

Despite her pregnancy, LaQuana decided that she must leave her boyfriend, Blakely. He had been physically assaulting her for over a year, and she believed she had to leave him for the safety of herself and her child. One night, Blakely found her at her family’s home with her mother and brother. He insisted that she come back to him. When he tried to force her to go with him, LaQuana threatened to call the police. Blakely then announced his intention to kill everyone in the house. He shot and killed LaQuana, and also shot and wounded her mother as she tried to shield LaQuana. In court, Blakely claimed that he accidentally shot LaQuana while struggling with her brother, who had reached for the gun. (adapted from Michigan Domestic Homicides, 1995-1996)
A practical strategy for spectral library partitioning and least-squares identification

This paper proposes a method of partitioning large data libraries into smaller sub-partitions, in such a way that a least-squares-based identification process will be numerically better behaved. An example from a well-known remote sensing spectral library is used to illustrate various seed strategies for the partitioning as well as various assignment strategies. In the example shown seed strategy is relatively unimportant for a library of this size, but there is a substantial improvement in least-squares performance with SVD-based partitioning for both point and interval estimates. Several context-dependent variants of this strategy are also proposed.
FROM GETTING OVER GETTING OLDER TO GETTING ON WITH GETTING OLDER

(1998). FROM GETTING OVER GETTING OLDER TO GETTING ON WITH GETTING OLDER. Journal of Pastoral Theology: Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 63-71.
Beyond the Deficit Model

In an article entitled “Children and Families: 1984?” Urie Bronfenbrenner refers to George Orwell’s prophetic prediction of the destruction of free Western society and its basic institutions, including the family, by the year 1984. He goes on to argue that while Orwell may have picked the right year and outcome, he was wrong in attributing that outcome to human efficiency rather than human ineptitude. Bronfenbrenner sees the erosion of the power of the family and the child-rearing system as a product of public indifference, and he feels that we are failing to come to terms with some hard realities. The family intervention program described in this chapter is being carried out in an attempt to confront some of those realities.
Integrated photonic crystal selective emitter for thermophotovoltaics

Converting blackbody thermal radiation to electricity via thermophotovoltaics (TPV) is inherently inefficient. Photon recycling using cold-side filters offers potentially improved performance but requires extremely close spacing between the thermal emitter and the receiver, namely a high view factor. Here, we propose an alternative approach for thermal energy conversion, the use of an integrated photonic crystal selective emitter (IPSE), which combines two-dimensional photonic crystal selective emitters and filters into a single device. Finite difference time domain and current transport simulations show that IPSEs can significantly suppress sub-bandgap photons. This increases heat-to-electricity conversion for photonic crystal based emitters from 35.2 up to 41.8% at 1573 K for a GaSb photovoltaic (PV) diode with matched bandgaps of 0.7 eV. The physical basis of this enhancement is a shift from a perturbative to a nonperturbative regime, which maximized photon recycling. Furthermore, combining IPSEs with nonconductive optical waveguides eliminates a key difficulty associated with TPV: the need for precise alignment between the hot selective emitter and cool PV diode. The physical effects of both the IPSE and waveguide can be quantified in terms of an extension of the concept of an effective view factor.
Nuclear volume distribution of phytohemagglutinin-stimulated human lymphocytes.

SummaryUnstimulated and phytohemagglutinin-stimulated lymphocytes from nine human subjects were suspended in Cetrimide solution before and after tissue culture. Their nuclear volumes were measured serially with a particle counter—400 channel analyzer device. Variations of the volume distribution curves correlated well with the morphological changes associated with blastoid transformation. This method permits rapid and objective assay of lymphocyte transformation.
Regulation of the human transforming growth factor β type II receptor gene promoter by novel Sp1 sites

The transforming growth factor-beta (TGF beta) type II receptor (T beta R-II) is responsible for transducing the growth inhibitory signals of TGF beta. The T beta R-II gene promoter lacks both a TATA box and a CAAT box near the transcription initiation site, and has been shown to contain binding sequences for several transcription factors (Sp1, AP1, NF-Y, Cut and ERT) which are important for T beta R-II gene promoter activity in vitro. However, it is still not clear which interactions are important for the regulation of T beta R-II gene promoter activity in vivo. Using in vivo genomic DNA footprinting of normal human epithelial cells (HaCaT), we have identified two novel identical and strongly protected sites (ggggctgg) at positions -59 and -102 of the T beta R-II gene promoter. Mutation of either site significantly reduced promoter activity in transient transfections. Protein binding to these sites, as determined by electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA), was specifically competed with consensus Sp1 oligonucleotides. Furthermore, anti-Sp1/3 antibodies produced band shifts when incubated with the T beta R-II -59 and -102 DNA probes. Importantly, Sp1 protein binding was influenced by the presence of an intact NF-Y binding site at position -83. Our data suggests that both Sp1 and NF-Y may play an important role in regulating T beta R-II gene promoter basal activity in vivo.
Raman Spectral Studies of 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole Accelerator Systems

Abstract A mechanism for the formation of the rubber-bound intermediate in the vulcanization of elastomers has been proposed. The active sulfurating agent is a polysulfide. Laser Raman spectroscopy has been used to provide significant evidence for this mechanism in the presence of cis-1,4-poly(butadiene).
Single Trial Hemodynamic Response Estimation in Event Related fNIR Spectroscopy

This study examines single trial hemodynamic response estimation in event-related fNIR spectroscopy. In a working memory task, the estimates of single trial hemodynamic responses in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex are compared across subjects.
ESTROGENS AND BONE FORMATION IN THE HUMAN FEMALE

In a woman of fifty-eight years, many of whose bones had almost disappeared as a result of Paget's disease, together with a severe postmenopausal osteoporosis, massive estrogen therapy was followed almost at once by a remission of clinical symptoms and by actual reconstitution of bone. Withdrawal of the estrogen produced an exacerbation; its readministration was again followed by improvement. For over two years the patient has been kept on daily doses of from 2,000 to 10,000 rat units (0.33 to 1.66 milligrams) of estradiol benzoate; during this time she has maintained her improvement and has showed no untoward symptoms.
Meta-Philosophy of Religion: The Analytic-Continental Divide in Philosophy of Religion

AbstractHow is the philosophical study of religion best pursued? Responses to this meta-philosophical question tend to recapitulate the analytic-Continental divide in philosophy in general. My aim is to examine the nature of this divide, particularly as it has manifested itself in the philosophy of religion. I begin with a comparison of the stylistic differences in the language of the two traditions, taking the work of Alvin Plantinga and John Caputo as exemplars of the analytic and Continental schools respectively. In order to account for these stylistic divergences, however, it is necessary to delve further into meta-philosophy. I go on to show how each philosophical school models itself on different theoretical practices, the analytic school mimicking the scientific style of inquiry, while in Continental philosophy it is the arts and humanities rather than the sciences that provide the model for philosophical discourse. By situating themselves in such different genres, analytic and Continental philosop...
Clinical Impact Research - how to choose experimental or observational intervention study?

AbstractBackground: Interventions directed to individuals by health and social care systems should increase health and welfare of patients and customers.Aims: This paper aims to present and define a new concept Clinical Impact Research (CIR) and suggest which study design, either randomized controlled trial (RCT) (experimental) or benchmarking controlled trial (BCT) (observational) is recommendable and to consider the feasibility, validity, and generalizability issues in CIR.Methods: The new concept is based on a narrative review of the literature and on author’s idea that in intervention studies, there is a need to cover comprehensively all the main impact categories and their respective outcomes. The considerations on how to choose the most appropriate study design (RCT or BCT) were based on previous methodological studies on RCTs and BCTs and on author’s previous work on the concepts benchmarking controlled trial and system impact research (SIR).Results: The CIR covers all studies aiming to assess the ...
Thinking History Globally: Varieties of Connections

Criticism of comparative histories led historians such as Benedicte Zimmerman and Michael Werner, Sanjay Subrahmanyam and Serge Gruzinski, and Huri Islamoglu-Inan and Peter C. Perdue to formulate the alternatives to histoire croisee (entangled history), connected history, and shared histories, respectively. None of these relational approaches became widely established and institutionalized in the ways that the other cross-boundary branches are with their professional associations, periodic conferences, and journals.
Berreman approach to electromagnetic wave and beam propagation in anisotropic metamaterials

The Berreman matrix method is used to analyze the polarization and propagation of electromagnetic waves and beams in anisotropic metamaterials. The metamaterial, comprising a multilayer structure of alternating metal and dielectric layers, is modeled as an effective anisotropic medium. The Maxwell’s equations for electromagnetic propagation are then represented as a set of coupled differential equations using the Berreman matrix. These coupled equations are then solved analytically and cross checked numerically using MATLAB® for plane wave propagation. The analysis can be extended to Gaussian beam propagation through such anisotropic metamaterials using the angular plane wave spectral approach.
Combining Graph Contraction and Strategy Generation for Green Security Games

Many real-world security problems can be modeled using Stackelberg security games SSG, which model the interactions between a defender and attacker. Green security games focus on environmental crime, such as preventing poaching, illegal logging, or detecting pollution. A common problem in green security games is to optimize patrolling strategies for a large physical area such as a national park or other protected area. Patrolling strategies can be modeled as paths in a graph that represents the physical terrain. However, having a detailed graph to represent possible movements in a very large area typically results in an intractable computational problem due to the extremely large number of potential paths. While a variety of algorithmic approaches have been explored in the literature to solve security games based on large graphs, the size of games that can be solved is still quite limited. Here, we introduce abstraction methods for solving large graph-based security games and integrate these methods with strategy generation techniques. We demonstrate empirically that the combination of these methods results in dramatic improvements in solution time with modest impact on solution quality.
"Fear of the Known and Unknown": Factors Affecting Participation Following Knee Replacement Among Persons With Participation Restriction.

Background/purpose Evidence suggests that more than 30% of patients post-total knee replacement (TKR) are living with participation restrictions, yet little is known about their perceptions of and factors contributing to these restrictions. The purpose of this study was to identify emergent or recurring themes behind participation restrictions after TKR. Methods Nineteen participants between 50 and 85 years old reporting participation restrictions 1 to 5 years post-TKR completed semistructured qualitative interviews about their participation experience after TKR. Participants provided background information in written questionnaires. Data collected from in-person interviews were analyzed qualitatively using a grounded theory approach. Results Participants discussed 3 major themes with regard to participation post-TKR: (1) limiting activities requiring long-distance walking due to continued knee impairments, (2) avoiding activities with negative or unknown outcome expectancies, and (3) using problem solving to identify strategies to participate in important activities. Conclusions An unknown or negative outcome expectancy, particularly with regard to activities requiring long-distance walking, may lead to participation restrictions in some patients post-TKR. As participants reported using self-efficacy and coping strategies to improve participation, further physical rehabilitation or interdisciplinary rehabilitation incorporating the identified strategies may be effective with some patients post-TKR.
Math and Science Teacher Candidates’ Use of Technology to Facilitate Teaching and Learning During Student Teaching

The goal of this study is to determine how effectively student teachers from a large comprehensive institution have used technology to compliment their teaching in mathematics and science. The researchers reviewed the required Teacher Work Sample (TWS) capstone projects of student teachers. The TWS is an authentic assessment instrument designed to guide student teachers in designing, implementing, reviewing, and adjusting instruction. The TWS document narratives articulated the use of technology, and this use was compared to the 2008 U.S. Department of Education (USDE): Measures of Teacher and Student Technology Use. Data gathered in the study revealed both strengths and weaknesses regarding the student teachers’ use of technology to enhance their teaching goals.
Expression of VEGF, VEGF Receptors, and Other Angiogenic Markers in Relapsed Aggressive Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma : Correlative Sudies from the SWOG S0108 Trial.

Abstract In the Southwest Oncology Group phase II study S0108, patients with relapsed, aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were treated with single agent bevacizumab (Avastin), a recombinant monoclonal antibody directed against VEGF. Pretreatment tissue or bone marrow specimens were examined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) for expression of VEGF and its receptors, VEGFR-1 (Flt-1) and VEGFR-2 (KDR). Circulating endothelial cells (CEC) and plasma levels of VEGF, VCAM, and bFGF were measured at baseline, week 8, and at disease progression. Currently, 45 patients have been enrolled in the study and 18 have had baseline lymphoma specimens submitted and adequate for analysis by IHC for expression of VEGF and its receptors. In 7 of 10 (70%) patients with diffuse large cell lymphoma, the tumors expressed VEGF and either or both VEGF receptors. There was 100% concordance between VEGF and receptor expression in these samples. In 7of 8 (88%) mantle cell specimens examined, VEGF expression was also observed. Expression of both VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 was observed in 6 (67%) of these specimens. While VEGF and VEGFR-1 expression was restricted to the malignant cells, VEGFR-2 was predominantly expressed on the endothelial cells in the lymphoma specimens, and in those cases where it was also expressed by the tumor cells it was typically at lower intensity. In 1 of 5 patients with serial lymphoma specimens, VEGF expression increased in the lymphoma cells during the course of bevacizumab therapy. There was a wide range in the plasma levels of VEGF, bFGF, VCAM, and CEC between patients. During the course of treatment, plasma VEGF levels decreased (p = 0.02), VCAM levels increased (p = 0.05), and bFGF and CEC levels remained relatively stable. CEC, VCAM, and bFGF levels did not correlate with VEGF expression in lymphoma samples but there was a trend for lymphomas with higher VEGF expression (+2 or higher) to have higher baseline plasma levels of VEGF (median VEGF level 471 pg/ml compared to 224 pg/ml). Accrual of samples continues and the results will be updated as the analyses are available. The high rate of concordance between VEGF and its receptors in diffuse large cell and mantle cell lymphomas suggests that an autocrine pathway may be involved in lymphoma pathogenesis and/or progression. In addition, these results provide a strong rationale for targeting the VEGF pathway in the treatment of these 2 histologic subtypes of aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
Comparison of thermoset soy protein resin toughening by natural rubber and epoxidized natural rubber

Fully bio-based soy protein isolate (SPI) resins were toughened using natural rubber (NR) and epoxidized natural rubber (ENR). Resin compositions containing up to 30 wt % NR or ENR were prepared and characterized for their physical, chemical and mechanical properties. Cross-linking between SPI and ENR was confirmed using 1H-NMR and ATR-FTIR. All SPI/NR resins exhibited two distinctive drops in their modulus at glass transition temperature (Tg) and degradation temperature (Td) at around −50 and 215 °C, corresponding to major segmental motions of NR and SPI, respectively. SPI/ENR resins showed similar Tg and Td transitions at slightly higher temperatures. For SPI/ENR specimens the increase in ENR content from 0 to 30 wt % showed major increase in Tg from −23 to 13 °C as a result of cross-linking between SPI and ENR. The increase in ENR content from 0 to 30 wt % increased the fracture toughness from 0.13 to 1.02 MPa with minimum loss of tensile properties. The results indicated that ENR was not only more effective in toughening SPI than NR but the tensile properties of SPI/ENR were also significantly higher than the corresponding compositions of SPI/NR. SPI/ENR green resin with higher toughness could be used as fully biodegradable thermoset resin in many applications including green composites. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 134, 44665.
Elimination of pain improves specificity of clinical diagnostic criteria for adult chronic rhinosinusitis.

Objective Determine whether the elimination of pain improves accuracy of clinical diagnostic criteria for adult chronic rhinosinusitis. Study Design Retrospective cohort study. Methods History, symptoms, nasal endoscopy, and computed tomography (CT) results were analyzed for 1,186 adults referred to an academic otolaryngology clinic with presumptive diagnosis of chronic rhinosinusitis. Clinical diagnosis was rendered using the 1997 Rhinosinusitis Taskforce (RSTF) Guidelines and a modified version eliminating facial pain, ear pain, dental pain, and headache. Results Four hundred seventy-nine subjects (40%) met inclusion criteria. Among subjects positive by RSTF guidelines, 45% lacked objective evidence of sinonasal inflammation by CT, 48% by endoscopy, and 34% by either modality. Applying modified RSTF diagnostic criteria, 39% lacked sinonasal inflammation by CT, 38% by endoscopy, and 24% by either modality. Using either abnormal CT or endoscopy as the reference standard, modified diagnostic criteria yielded a statistically significant increase in specificity from 37.1% to 65.1%, with a nonsignificant decrease in sensitivity from 79.2% to 70.3%. Analysis of comorbidities revealed temporomandibular joint disorder, chronic cervical pain, depression/anxiety, and psychiatric medication use to be negatively associated with objective inflammation on CT or endoscopy. Conclusion Clinical diagnostic criteria overestimate the prevalence of chronic rhinosinusitis. Removing facial pain, ear pain, dental pain, and headache increased specificity without a concordant loss in sensitivity. Given the high prevalence of sinusitis, improved clinical diagnostic criteria may assist primary care providers in more accurately predicting the presence of inflammation, thereby reducing inappropriate antibiotic use or delayed referral for evaluation of primary headache syndromes. Level of Evidence 4. Laryngoscope, 127:1011–1016, 2017
Healthy Food on Wheels: An Exploration of Mobile Produce Markets Through a Food Justice Lens

The built environment significantly influences the accessibility of healthy affordable foods. However, examination of built environments alone is insufficient to understanding why some neighborhoods in the United States are bountiful with fresh produce while others experience severe scarcity. This research investigates mobile produce markets (mobile markets) in order to understand how and to what extent they improve food availability and how they address structural inequities associated with poor food access environments. Race, class, and gender dimensions of food insecurity are reviewed, followed by an explanation of the emergence of mobile markets as a response to food insecurity. Eight geographically diverse U.S. mobile markets are studied using critical discourse analysis and interviews. A food justice framework is applied to the sample to understand the obstacles and opportunities to improving food availability and addressing structural inequities. Analysis reveals most mobile markets are not positioned to address root causes of inadequate access to healthy foods and it is unreasonable to build the case that mobile markets have transformational power as a food access intervention. Mobile markets are better situated to support and promote food availability goals on a short-term basis. This research contributes to understanding the efficacy of mobile markets and offers the recommendation of employing a food justice framework in the development of food access interventions to effectively address structural inequities associated with poor food access environments.
Postoperative Delirium as a Target for Surgical Quality Improvement

Objective:To explore hospital-level variation in postoperative delirium using a multi-institutional data source.Background:Postoperative delirium is closely related to serious morbidity, disability, and death in older adults. Yet, surgeons and hospitals rarely measure delirium rates, which limits qu
Reliability of Cefaclor, Cefazolin, Cefamandole, and Cephalothin Disks to Predict Susceptibility of Enterobacteriaceae, Staphylococcus Species, and Haemophilus Influenzae

Interpretive zone-size standards currently used for cephalothin and cefamandole disk tests also may be applied to tests with disks containing 30 micrograms of cefaclor or cefazolin. Against 627 representative isolates, susceptibility to cefaclor and cefazolin could be predicted by testing cephalothin. However, cefazolin is more active than cephalothin against isolates of Escherichia coli with a TEM beta-lactamase plasmid. The expanded spectrum of cefamandole continues to necessitate separate testing. Against methicillin-resistant staphylococci, cefaclor disks were more reliable than cephalothin or cefamandole, but false-susceptible results were seen with all four disks. For testing Haemophilus influenzae, the cefazolin disks were not reliable; cephalothin or cefaclor disks could predict susceptibility to either drug.
The C-terminal tail of the NEIL1 DNA glycosylase interacts with the human mitochondrial single-stranded DNA binding protein.

The 16.5 kb mitochondrial genome is subjected to damage from reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated in the cell during normal cellular metabolism and external sources such as ionizing radiation and ultraviolet light. ROS cause harmful damage to DNA bases that could result in mutagenesis and various diseases, if not properly repaired. The base excision repair (BER) pathway is the primary pathway involved in maintaining the integrity of mtDNA. Several enzymes that partake in BER within the nucleus have also been identified in the mitochondria. The nei-like (NEIL) DNA glycosylases initiate BER by excising oxidized pyrimidine bases and others such as the ring-opened formamidopyrimidine and the hydantoin lesions. During BER, the NEIL enzymes interact with proteins that are involved with DNA replication and transcription. In the current manuscript, we detected NEIL1 in purified mitochondrial extracts from human cells and showed that NEIL1 interacts with the human mitochondrial single-stranded DNA binding protein (mtSSB) via its C-terminal tail using protein painting, far-western analysis, and gel-filtration chromatography. Finally, we scrutinized the NEIL1-mtSSB interaction in the presence and absence of a partial-duplex DNA substrate using a combination of multi-angle light scattering (MALS) and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). The data indicate that NEIL1 and homotetrameric mtSSB form a larger ternary complex in presence of DNA, however, the tetrameric form of mtSSB gets disrupted by NEIL1 in the absence of DNA as revealed by the formation of a smaller NEIL1-mtSSBmonomer complex.
Towards Deadline Guaranteed Cloud Storage Services

More and more organizations move their data and workload to commercial cloud storage systems. However, the multiplexing and sharing of the resources in a cloud storage system present unpredictable data access latency to tenants, which may make online data-intensive applications unable to satisfy their deadline requirements. Thus, it is important for cloud storage systems to provide deadline guaranteed services. In this paper, to meet a current form of service level objective (SLO) that constrains the percentage of each tenant’s data access requests failing to meet its required deadline below a given threshold, we build a mathematical model to derive the upper bound of acceptable request arrival rate on each server. We then propose a Deadline Guaranteed storage service (called DGCloud ) that incorporates three basic algorithms. Its deadline-aware load balancing scheme redirects requests and creates replicas to release the excess load of each server beyond the derived upper bound. Its workload consolidation algorithm tries to maximally reduce servers while still satisfying the SLO to maximize the resource utilization. Its data placement optimization algorithm re-schedules the data placement to minimize the transmission cost of data replication. We further propose three enhancement methods to further improve the performance of DGCloud . A dynamic load balancing method allows an overloaded server to quickly offload its excess workload. A data request queue improvement method sets different priorities to the data responses in a server’s queue so that more requests can satisfy the SLO requirement. A wakeup server selection method selects a sleeping server that stores more popular data to wake up, which allows it to handle more data requests. Our trace-driven experiments in simulation and Amazon EC2 show the superior performance of DGCloud compared with previous methods in terms of deadline guarantees and system resource utilization, and the effectiveness of its individual algorithms.
Ethical environment : Reports of practicing nurses

Reports from the development of the Ethics Environment Questionnaire identify three critical features for ethical environments in health care settings of registered nurses. They are the ability of nurses to engage in discussions about patient care, support from administrators, and the development of policies-procedures that support their practice. Implications for clinical practicing nurses are explored.
Recovery of Fissile Materials from Wastes and Conversion of the Residual Wastes to Glass

A new process has been invented that converts complex wastes containing fissile materials into a chemical form that allows the use of existing technologies (such as Purex and ion exchange) to recover the fissile materials and convert the resultant wastes to glass. Potential feed materials include (a) uranium fissile wastes, (b) miscellaneous spent nuclear fuel, and (c) plutonium scrap and residue. The initial feed materials may contain mixtures of metals, ceramics, amorphous solids, halides, and organics. The process consists of three major sets of process operations. During the first set of operations, the feed is dissolved into molten lead-borate glass and then converted to a boron oxide (B{sub 2}O{sub 3}) fusion melt. During this process, (a) the organics and metals are oxidized and (b) the halides and noble metals are separated from the melt. During the second set of operations, the cooled fusion melt is dissolved into nitric acid, and the uranium and plutonium are recovered from the acid using standard aqueous separation processes such as Purex and ion exchange. During the third set of operations, standard waste vitrification processes convert the residual waste to borosilicate glass. The B{sub 2}O{sub 3} can be recovered and recycled at several locations withinmore » the process.« less
18–35 in Place of 15–45?

At any point in history, the task for mankind is to manage human reproduction in a rational manner—that is, to make the reproductive means fit the valued ends in an acceptable way. The management will be exercised or defaulted in the individual event by the partners involved, but they will be strongly guided by expectations, norms, customs, pressures, laws—by social judgments, that is, of what is right in this place and time.
Violence exposure in an urban city: A GxE interaction with aggressive and impulsive behaviors.

Background Previous research has demonstrated a reciprocal relationship between community violence exposure and disruptive behavior problems among youth. No study to date, however, has explored the potential interaction between violence exposure in early adolescence and genetics. Methods We explore the gene x environment interaction's impact on teacher-rated aggressive and impulsive behaviors. Violence exposure during the middle school years was assessed using self-report. Genetic data collection occurred in emerging adulthood. A polygenic score was created using findings from a conduct disorder symptomatology genome-wide association study. Results Three longitudinal classes of teacher reported aggressive and impulsive behavior were identified. We found a significant relationship between violence exposure and class membership. There was a significant GxE interaction, such that those with below average levels of the polygenic score and who were exposed to violence were more likely to be in the moderately high aggressive and impulsive class as compared to the no to low class. Conclusions These findings highlight the influence of genetic risk together with violence exposure on adolescent problem behavior. Although youth may have little control over the environments in which they live, interventions can and should focus on helping all youth.
Stop the Bleed Training empowers learners to act to prevent unnecessary hemorrhagic death

Abstract Background Uncontrolled bleeding is a leading cause of preventable death from trauma. With the rise in mass casualty events, training of laypersons can be life-saving. “Stop the Bleed” is a campaign to teach the public techniques of bleeding control. We believe that training in these techniques will increase participants' willingness and preparedness to intervene and increase knowledge of trauma/hemorrhage control. Methods We created a “Stop the Bleed” training program. School nurses, medical students, researchers, and community members participated in the program. Pre- and post-training questionnaires assessed participants' willingness/preparedness to intervene in a casualty event and knowledge of trauma/hemorrhage control. Results There was a significant change in attitudes after receiving training (p Conclusions “Stop the Bleed” training empowers participants with the confidence and knowledge to aid others in preventable hemorrhagic death.
Medication adherence in patients with ocular hypertension or glaucoma

Introduction: Nonadherence to medication is a challenge to effective treatment of many chronic diseases, including glaucoma, and persists even with interventions aimed at improving adherence. The r...
Evaluating Domain Ontologies: Clarification, Classification, and Challenges

The number of applications being developed that require access to knowledge about the real world has increased rapidly over the past two decades. Domain ontologies, which formalize the terms being used in a discipline, have become essential for research in areas such as Machine Learning, the Internet of Things, Robotics, and Natural Language Processing, because they enable separate systems to exchange information. The quality of these domain ontologies, however, must be ensured for meaningful communication. Assessing the quality of domain ontologies for their suitability to potential applications remains difficult, even though a variety of frameworks and metrics have been developed for doing so. This article reviews domain ontology assessment efforts to highlight the work that has been carried out and to clarify the important issues that remain. These assessment efforts are classified into five distinct evaluation approaches and the state of the art of each described. Challenges associated with domain ontology assessment are outlined and recommendations are made for future research and applications.
Learning to Dynamically Coordinate Multi-Robot Teams in Graph Attention Networks

Increasing interest in integrating advanced robotics within manufacturing has spurred a renewed concentration in developing real-time scheduling solutions to coordinate human-robot collaboration in this environment. Traditionally, the problem of scheduling agents to complete tasks with temporal and spatial constraints has been approached either with exact algorithms, which are computationally intractable for large-scale, dynamic coordination, or approximate methods that require domain experts to craft heuristics for each application. We seek to overcome the limitations of these conventional methods by developing a novel graph attention network formulation to automatically learn features of scheduling problems to allow their deployment. To learn effective policies for combinatorial optimization problems via machine learning, we combine imitation learning on smaller problems with deep Q-learning on larger problems, in a non-parametric framework, to allow for fast, near-optimal scheduling of robot teams. We show that our network-based policy finds at least twice as many solutions over prior state-of-the-art methods in all testing scenarios.
Predictors and Barriers to Faculty Scholarly Activity in United States Urology Residency Programs.

Abstract Objective To determine factors and barriers associated with scholarly activity among faculty members at urology residency programs in the United States. Methods An online survey was sent to all 134 urology residency program directors. The survey assessed program characteristics including size, location and definition of scholarly activity. It assessed available support for and barriers to resident scholarly activity, faculty participation in scholarly activity and mentorship of residents. Linear regression analysis was used. Results We had a 40% response rate (N = 40). Faculty attitudes toward conducting scholarly activity (P Conclusion Training residents in research matters for the resident, the institution and future generations of surgeon scientists. Higher levels of faculty scholarly activity were associated with a minimum requirement for residents to submit a manuscript for publication, strong chairman support for resident research, and the availability of a statistician. A common barrier to faculty scholarly activity, publications, and resident mentorship was faculty attitudes toward resident scholarly activity. Urology residency programs seeking to prioritize scholarly activity among faculty should consider these factors.
Informed Consent Should Not Be Required for Apnea Testing and Arguing It Should Misses the Point.

Berkowitz and Garrett (2020) argue that informed consent is ethically and legally required for apnea testing, in part, because it entails substantial risks without direct benefits. Their argument h...
“I will be respectful of the scheduled time.”: Hegemony, Productivity, and Time

Although time is a topic that humans have discussed at length for ages, only recently have sociologists examined time and its relationship to society. The goal of this study aims to investigate the relationship between the time schemes of individuals in everyday life to the macrostructures under dominant control. The study uses qualitative in depth interviews and found (1) a common sense of productivity permeates everyday life and interactions (2) respect and timeliness are linked through expectations of productivity (3) people change their expectations about timeliness given certain contexts. This work suggests that more research is needed that takes into account how everyday routines are embedded and reinforced through hegemonic time.
Review of dam effects on native and invasive crayfishes illustrates complex choices for conservation planning

Dams are among the most prevalent and extreme alterations humans have perpetrated on fluvial systems. The dramatic physical and biological changes caused by dams have been synthesized for many aquatic faunal groups, but not for crayfishes. In addition, invasive crayfish species are an increasing threat to global biodiversity, and dams have both costs and benefits with respect to crayfish invasions. North American crayfishes have imperiled native crayfishes in Europe, largely by hosting and spreading the crayfish plague pathogen Aphanomyces astaci that is lethal to European crayfishes. The differential effects of A. astaci on North American versus European crayfishes contribute to differences between the continents in the costs and benefits of dams. We reviewed literature on both the detrimental and beneficial effects of dams on crayfishes, with emphasis on conservation of European crayfishes. We also suggested additional potential dam effects that warrant investigation. Our review illustrates the challenges and opportunities dams create for crayfish conservation. Dams create detrimental effects to native crayfishes, including reducing suitable habitats necessary for native habitat-specialist species and creating habitats suitable for non-native habitat-generalist species; fragmenting crayfish populations; and reducing species’ ability to recolonize upstream habitats. Conversely, dams can have beneficial effects by creating barriers that slow or halt upstream invasions by non-native crayfishes and spread of the crayfish plague. The complexity of the issues and the limited ecological information available highlights the need for future studies on the effects of dams on crayfishes. Crayfishes are one of the most imperiled groups of aquatic fauna globally, therefore, understanding the beneficial and detrimental effects of dams is essential for effective conservation of many crayfish species.
Acute kidney injury post-heart transplant: An analysis of peri-operative risk factors.

Acute kidney injury is a common complication following heart transplantation, and the factors contributing to acute kidney injury are not well understood. We conducted a retrospective cohort study evaluating patients who underwent heart transplantation between 2009 and 2016 at a single institution. The primary endpoint was incidence of acute kidney injury as defined by Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes criteria. Secondary endpoints included 30-day hospital readmission, 30-day mortality, and 1-year mortality. A total of 228 heart transplant patients were included in the study for analysis. In total, 145 (64%) developed acute kidney injury, where 43 (30%) were classified as stage I, 28 (19%) as stage II, and 74 (51%) as stage III. Risk factors found to be associated with the presence of acute kidney injury included increased use of vasopressors and inotropes post-transplant. Protective factors included cardiopulmonary bypass time <170 min. Acute kidney injury was found to be associated with increased 30-day and 1-year mortality.
Molecular “Texas Longhorn”: An expanded Schiff base oligopyrrolic macrocycle

We report here the synthesis and structural characterization of a novel expanded Schiff base oligopyrrolic macrocycle TxLH (i.e. compound 2) along with its smaller congener hemi-TxLH (i.e. compound...
“They peed on my shoes”: foregrounding intersectional minority stress in understanding LGBTQ youth homelessness

Minority stress is a cause of health challenges for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) youth experiencing homelessness. However, in over-focusing on family rejection, the resear...
P41 Yumbox: Bringing MyPlate to Preschoolers' Lunches

Objective To test whether Yumbox, a bento-style lunchbox with compartments labeled for the 5 meal components of USDA's MyPlate, has an effect on foods that caregivers packed for preschoolers’ lunches. Use of Theory Yumbox provides distinct compartments for recommended food components of USDA MyPlate, leveraging visibility principals of behavioral economics theory. Caregivers may be more likely to pack lunches that include more components of MyPlate due to visual cues present in Yumbox. Target Audience Caregivers of preschoolers Program Description Yumboxes were given to each child in a preschool (“Intervention School”) (n = 30). Caregivers received a brief orientation on using Yumbox, as well as a list of suggestions for foods for each section. A similar preschool was selected for comparison of the content of students’ lunches (“Control School”; n = 26). Contents of the students’ lunches in both preschools were documented over a 3-day period by photographing lunches in both schools (N = 110 lunches). Photos were then analyzed to identify if a meal component was present or absent in the students’ lunches. Evaluation Methods All data were entered into SPSS for analysis. Descriptive statistics of food present for each component (vegetable, fruit, dairy, grain, protein), for both the Intervention and Control Schools were conducted. Chi-square analyses were also conducted to assess significant group differences in the presence of each food component. A comparison of the mean number of food components present on each student's trays were used to assess impact of the intervention. Results This study found that the intervention group had had statistically significantly higher number of components (3.78 ± 0.95) compared to the control group (1.89 ± 0.93) t = -10.56; P Conclusion This study provides evidence that Yumbox may have a positive influence on the types of foods caregivers pack for children's lunches.
Policy Mandated Collaboration

This exploratory study examined the collaborative strategy used by Tri Cities Partnership (TCP) to facilitate the collaborative process required by the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) to receive Continuum of Care funding. The study examined partner perceptions of TCP's leadership, organizational structure, benefits and drawbacks of participation, and relationships with partners. A follow-up survey and key informant interviews explored themes related to organizational affiliation with TCP, benefits and drawbacks of participation, relationships with partners, challenges impacting the ability of TCP to facilitate collaboration and strategies for involving key stake-holders. The study also identified factors that motivate and limit organizational involvement in community partnerships formed in response to policy and funding mandates for collaboration.
Echocardiographic Recognition of Myocardial Viability

When facing dangerous environmental situations, most animal species react with a sympathoadrenergic “fight or flight” activation; others, such as the opossum, react with a vagal sympathoinhibitory discharge, or “playing dead” reaction, which discourages possible predators. The myocardium reacts to dangerous situations with an opossum-like behavior. In several altered myocardial states (ischemia, hibernation, stunning), when the local supply-demand balance of the cell is critically endangered, the cell minimizes energy expediture used for development of contractile force (accounting at rest for about 60 % of the high-energy phosphates produced by cell metabolism) and utilizes whatever is left for the maintainance of cellular integrity. The echocardiographic counterpart of this cellular strategic choice is the regional asynergy of viable segments. The depressed function is undistinguishable from infarction state [1]; however, unlike necrosis, the segmental dysfunction can be transiently normalized by proper inotropic stimulus.
Design Principles for Contamination Abatement in Scientific Satellites

As space experiments develop in complexity and sophistication, the problems of interference from the self-induced local environment become more severe. Extreme care in design and operational procedure is demanded to insure that the experiments measure the intended phenomena rather than extraneous self-induced environmental effects. Optical experiments, particularly those operating in the far ultraviolet, are highly susceptible to contamination from absorption and scattering; hence, the study of such interference is referred to as ‘Optical Contamination’ or, in a more general sense, ‘Contamination’.
Investigation of Intelligibility Judgments

This paper describes an intelligibility snap-judgment test. In this exercise, participants are shown a series of human translations and machine translations and are asked to determine whether the author was human or machine. The experiment shows that snap judgments on intelligibility are made successfully and that system rankings on snap judgments are consistent with more detailed intelligibility measures. In addition to demonstrating a quick intelligibility judgment, representing on a few minutes time of each participant, it details the types of errors which led to the snap judgments.
Tax Evasion, Corruption, and the Social Contract in Transition

Overall, I find strong support for the claim that the quality of government services and the level of corruption matter mightily. Clearly, other factors also matter, including the size and ownership of the firm, the fairness of the legal system, the level of competition, the tax rate, the quality of the bureaucracy, and the expectation of audits. The quality of services and the level of corruption stand out as critical factors shaping tax compliance.