cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Increases in [Ca2+]i mediated by the 92.5-kDa putative cell membrane receptor for HCMV gp86

We determined that changes in intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) occur in human fibroblasts within the first hour of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection when viral adsorption and fusion take place, and we investigated whether such changes also occur in response to monoclonal anti-idiotype antibodies (MAb2) that mimic HCMV gp86 and bind to a 92.5-kDa putative cell membrane receptor for gp86. Digitized image analysis of fura 2-loaded human embryonic lung fibroblasts indicated specific transient increases in [Ca2+]i beginning in some cells within the first 5 min of incubation with cross-linked MAb2 (70-750 nM, P < 0.01), which were similar in timing and intracellular distribution to those induced by HCMV. A primary source of Ca2+ appeared to be intracellular Ca2+ stores, since prior depletion of these stores with 30 nM thapsigargin inhibited the response (91.7 +/- 8.6%, P < 0.01); influx of Ca2+ from the extracellular medium was apparently necessary to maintain the intracellular Ca2+ stores. Transient increases in inositol trisphosphate (IP3) occurred in response to MAb2 (up to 3,329 +/- 84%, P < 0.001) or HCMV (92.8 +/- 19%, P < 0.01) during this same time period. These data suggest that the 92.5-kDa receptor for HCMV gp86 mediates an increase in IP3 and subsequent release of Ca2+ from intracellular stores.
Introducing the Special Issue: Mixed Verbs and Linguistic Creativity in Bi/Multilingual Communities

In introducing this inaugural Special Issue for the open access journal Languages, it is important to understand the concept of linguistic creativity and how this relates to code-switching (henceforth CS)1, a common practice in bi/multilingual communities.[...]
Effective Pincer Cobalt Precatalysts for Lewis Acid Assisted CO2 Hydrogenation

The pincer ligand MeN[CH2CH2(PiPr2)]2 (iPrPNP) was employed to support a series of cobalt(I) complexes, which were crystallographically characterized. A cobalt monochloride species, (iPrPNP)CoCl, served as a precursor for the preparation of several cobalt precatalysts for CO2 hydrogenation, including a cationic dicarbonyl cobalt complex, [(iPrPNP)Co(CO)2]+. When paired with the Lewis acid lithium triflate, [(iPrPNP)Co(CO)2]+ affords turnover numbers near 30 000 (at 1000 psi, 45 °C) for CO2-to-formate hydrogenation, which is a notable increase in activity from previously reported homogeneous cobalt catalysts. Though mechanistic information regarding the function of the precatalysts remains limited, multiple experiments suggest the active species is a molecular, homogeneous [(iPrPNP)Co] complex.
Direct three-dimensional design of compact and ultra-efficient freeform lenses for extended light sources

Achieving accurate control of the spatial energy distribution of extended sources is an ultimate goal of illumination design and has considerable significance in practical applications. To achieve this goal, we, for the first time, present a direct method to design compact and ultra-efficient freeform lenses for extended sources in three-dimensional geometries. Instead of using the traditional Monte Carlo ray-tracing and feedback methods to address the challenges caused by the extended sources, we develop a novel design method to numerically calculate both surfaces of the freeform lens directly. The proposed method is very efficient and robust in designing freeform lenses for Lambertian and non-Lambertian extended light sources. The final freeform lenses are very compact and highly efficient and can significantly reduce glare and light trespass.
The optimal detectors for WIMP and 0-neutrino double beta decay searches: identical high pressure xenon gas TPC

The search for weakly interacting massive particles (WIMP), a candidate for Dark Matter, involves the detection of nuclear recoils with energies of a few tens of keV and high rejection of electronic recoils. In contrast, the search for neutrino-less double beta decay, evidence for which would establish that neutrinos are their own antiparticles and that lepton number is violated, requires detailed event topology and extremely precise energy measurement, at the 2-3 MeV level. Despite these differences, a particular high-pressure xenon gas TPC appears to offer a common methodology, with no significant compromises in performance.
Involvement of PKC Activation in Mer Tyrosine Kinase-Mediated Phagocytosis of Apoptotic Cells.

Abstract Efficient phagocytosis of apoptotic cells is crucial for many cellular processes. One of earliest signals to the phagocyte is the expression of phosphatidylserine (PS) on the outer surface of the apoptotic cell that provides a potent ‘eat-me' signal. Mer-family tyrosine kinases and αvβ5(3) integrin are major receptors recognizing PS through the opsonizing proteins MFG-E8, or Gas6, respectively. The previous studies have suggested Mer and integrin αvβ5 signaling pathways converge on tyrosine phosphorylation of FAK and p130Cas, as well as downstream CrkII/Dock180/Rac1 activation, evolutionally-conserved for engulfment. In this study, we aimed at investigating how Mer initiates early signaling events to mediate phaogcytosis and activation of integrin αvβ5, and found that Gas6-Mer-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of FAK and p130Cas was inhibited by calphostin C, and engulfment of apoptotic cells by 293T cells overexpressing wild-type Mer was also suppressed by membrane-permeable PKC inhibitory peptide, suggesting that PKC activation is an early signaling event in Mer-mediated phagocytosis. Consistently, we found that Mer activation stimulates tyrosine phosphorylation of PLCγ2, an upstream event of PKC activation. More interestingly, using constitutively active form for Mer (CDMer) and CDMer mutants, we further found that Tyr 867 of Mer is predominantly responsible for PLCγ2 phosphorylation. In addition, Mer activation stimulated complex formation between integrin αvβ5 and Rack1, a receptor for activated PKC. Taken together, PKC is required for Mer-mediated activation signals for phagocytosis, and might be involved in the crosstalk between Mer and integirn αvβ5 via interaction with Rack1.
Influence of Health and Functional Status and Co-occurring Chronic Conditions on Healthcare Expenditures Among Community-dwelling Adults With Kidney Cancer in the United States: A Propensity-score-matched Analysis.

Abstract Background Health and functional status, as well as co-occurring chronic conditions, have a profound influence on healthcare expenditures. However, no study to date has assessed their influence among community-dwelling adults with kidney cancer (KC) in the United States (US). This study assessed the impact of health and functional status, along with co-occurring chronic conditions, on KC healthcare expenditures. Methods This study used a retrospective, cross-sectional, propensity–score-matched, case-control study design using 2002 to 2011 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey data. The case group was comprised of adults with KC, whereas the control group consisted of propensity-score matched adults with other forms of cancer. To examine the impact of health and functional status and co-occurring chronic conditions, ordinary least square regressions on log-transformed expenditures were conducted on total and subtypes of healthcare expenditures. The percentage change in expenditure was calculated using the formula (expβ − 1). Results Findings from this study indicate that the annual average total healthcare expenditures ($15,078 vs. $8182; P Conclusions Findings from this nationally representative sample suggest that health and functional status and co-occurring chronic conditions have a significant impact on healthcare expenditures among community-dwelling adults with KC in the US.
Nrf2: not "lost in translation".

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a clonal plasma cell malignancy which is frequently diagnosed in patients over 65 years of age. Because of an aging population, the incidence of MM has increased nearly 1 percent annually since 1975 and it is anticipated that the number of cases will nearly double by 2034 [1]. The introduction of novel agents such as the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib (BTZ) has significantly improved overall survival of patients with MM during the past decade. Therapeutic efficacy is related to the exquisite dependence of MM cells on proteasomal degradation of unfolded proteins to maintain proteostasis. However, progression towards BTZ-refractory disease occurs in the majority of MM patients. Unfortunately, once MM patients become refractory to BTZ, their median overall survival has been reported to be less than 1 year [2]. Moreover, in a pivotal phase 2 study with the second-generation proteasome inhibitor carfilzomib (CFZ), less than a 25% response rate was achieved in BTZ-treated patients who had relapsed [3]. These results indicate that the majority of MM cells that became resistant to BTZ were also resistant to CFZ. Clearly, to extend the life expectancy of patients with MM, it is essential to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of acquired proteasome inhibitor resistance.
Gene polymorphisms and their association with diabetes and hypertension in African American and Latina breast cancer patients

A32 Epidemiological studies have shown that African American (AA) and Latina women with breast cancer have poor outcome. The poor outcome is significantly associated with comorbid conditions, especially diabetes and hypertension. In our study, we have postulated that African-American and Latina women with comorbid diseases will have a poor outcome, and this may be influenced by the IGF-1 axis. IGF-1, insulin-like growth factor 1, is a potent mitogen which regulates growth of breast epithelial and stromal cells. Conversely, IGFBP-3, insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3, inhibits IGF-1 action and contributes to cellular apoptosis. We have hypothesized that African American and Latina women with breast cancer, in addition to comorbid diseases may be predisposed to IGF-1 and/or IGFBP-3 promoter polymorphisms. We studied 286 subjects (106 AA and 180 Latina), which included 111 cases and 175 control. DNA was extracted from blood samples and IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 genotyping was performed by PCR-GenScan and PCR-RFLP methods respectively. Our results demonstrated that 47% of breast cancer patients have comorbidities (diabetes and/or hypertension) as compared to 26% of controls (p≤0.0001). This study also found a significant difference in the distribution of IGF-1 genotypes between the two ethnic groups with African-Americans having the greatest occurrence of the non-19/non-19 genotype at 19% vs. 3% of the Latina subjects (p≤0.0001). Also, there was a significant association (p=0.02) between the non-19/non-19 genotype in cases (15%) vs. controls (5%). The association of comorbidities with the IGF-1 non-19/non-19 genotype was also significant (p = 0.042). No significant association was found with the IGFBP-3 polymorphism and cancer or comorbidities. There was however, a significant difference (p≤0.0001) in the distribution of the IGFBP-3 genotype with Latina patients having the highest occurrence of the CC genotype (51%) vs. African-Americans (32%). In summary, our study demonstrated a significant association of IGF-1 polymorphism and breast cancer and with further link to comorbid diseases. The African American cohort had the greatest association between the IGF-1 genotype, hypertension, and breast cancer.
Treatment of femoropopliteal CTO

The Trans-Atlantic Inter-Society Consensus (TASC) II class D femoral/popliteal lesions include chronic total occlusions (CTOs) of the superficial femoral artery (SFA) that are >20 cm in length or involve the popliteal artery. Primary stenting has proven superior to percutaneous transluminal balloon angioplasty (PTA) for FP CTOs [1]. Table 4.1 provides an overview of currently recommended treatment strategies of FP peripheral artery disease. Although surgical treatment may be preferred, current advancement of endovascular techniques and devices has made peripheral vascular intervention (PVI) often the first-line approach. Overall there are limited dedicated studies on stent versus non-stent approaches to FP CTOs. Treatment strategies for long occlusions of the SFA following successful recanalization have not been standardized, although these occlusions are frequently encountered in clinical practice. Stenting often leads to exaggerated neointimal hyperplasia leading to high in-stent restenosis rates (10–40% at 6–24 months) and stent fractures [2]. The subintimal approach can contribute to insufficient dilation and recoil after stent placement in the subintimal space, whereas the response to balloon dilation and self-expandable stenting can be more predictable and favorable with an intraluminal approach.
Textual Healing: Proof of Concept Study Examining the Impact of a Mindfulness Intervention on Smartphone Behavior

The digital age presents particular challenges to maintaining mindfulness, which has, in turn, has been proposed as a corrective agent to various negative consequences of habitual phone use. This study examined the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of an app-based intervention called Mindful Messaging, which was developed to increase overall mindfulness as well as mindfulness related to technology use and during text-based interactions. In a sample of 29 young adults, the use of Mindful Messaging resulted in a statistically significant increase in self-reported mindfulness and statistically significant decreases in drunk texting, texting while walking, and having accidents while walking and texting at follow-up relative to baseline. Effects of medium size were observed across outcomes (Cohen’s d ranged from 0.30 to 0.45). Non-significant reductions were also observed for emotional regulation difficulties, sexting and texting while driving, with small effect sizes. Participants’ use of an in-the-moment intervention for composing messages revealed that in comparison to pre-intervention texts, post-intervention texts conveyed increased honesty, vulnerability, self-awareness, empathy, perspective-taking, and concern about the recipient’s feelings. Feedback suggested the app was highly acceptable to users. Findings point to the potential health benefits of developing mobile interventions which induce mindfulness related to texting and other technology use.
Impact resistance of high strength-high ductility concrete

Abstract The behavior of thin slabs of High Strength-High Ductility Concrete (HSHDC) under multiple, moderate-velocity impacts is investigated via drop-weight impact experiments. HSHDC is a newly developed fiber-reinforced cementitious composite with unique combination of compressive strength (> 150 MPa) and tensile ductility (> 3%). The deformation mechanisms, cracking patterns, and impact load resistance of HSHDC slabs are determined and contrasted with the behavior of slabs made of a fiber-reinforced Ultra-high Performance Concrete named Cor-Tuf with compressive strength of about 200 MPa. While the HSHDC slabs exhibit ductile flexural behavior with well-distributed multiple fine cracks, the Cor-Tuf slabs exhibit quasi-brittle flexural and shear failures accompanied by large localized cracks and excessive spalling. Finite element analysis of these slabs' responses reveals that the observed difference in the structural behavior of HSHDC and Cor-Tuf slabs is a direct result of the difference in the tensile ductility of these two materials.
Security and trust in the analog/mixed-signal/RF domain: A survey and a perspective

We summarize and present the available body of knowledge in trusted and secure design of analog/mixed-signal/ radio frequency (RF) integrated circuits (ICs) and intellectual properties (IPs), covering both known vulnerabilities and available remedies. Furthermore, we discuss the limitations of the current state-of-the-art in this topic, highlight the concomitant risks, and suggest research directions and steps to be taken towards designing, fabricating and deploying trusted and secure analog/mixed-signal/RF circuits. More specifically, a comprehensive survey of the relevant literature is provided, organized around three themes: (i) hardware Trojans and Trojan states in analog/mixed-signal/RF ICs along with existing detection/prevention methods, (ii) analog/mixed-signal/RF IC/IP reverse engineering and counterfeiting, as well as techniques for proving authenticity and ownership, and (iii) limitations of existing methods in the analog/mixed-signal (AMS) and RF domain, focusing on the gaps that exist in our current understanding of this problem and potential directions towards filling them and mitigating the threats in AMS/RF ICs/IPs.
Intermediate-Term and Long-Term Outcomes With the Boston Type 1 Keratoprosthesis in Aniridia.

PURPOSE To report the intermediate- and long-term visual outcomes and complications with the Boston type 1 keratoprosthesis (KPro) for the management of aniridic keratopathy. METHODS A retrospective chart review of 46 eyes of 34 patients (20 females and 14 males) with aniridic keratopathy who underwent Boston type 1 KPro surgery by a single surgeon from 2004 to 2012 with minimum 2-year follow-up was conducted. Preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative parameters were collected and analyzed. The primary outcome was the change in best-corrected visual acuity. Secondary outcomes included the rate of retroprosthetic membrane formation, glaucoma progression, glaucoma tube revisions, and KPro retention. RESULTS Mean age of the patients was 43.5 ± 19.8 years with a mean follow-up period of 4.5 ± 1.6 years (range 2-7.4 years). Thirty-four eyes (74%) had previously failed keratoplasty. Thirty-five eyes (76%) previously underwent ocular surface stem cell transplantation, specifically a keratolimbal allograft. Within the first 6 months postoperatively, 74% (34/46) of patients experienced a gain of ≥2 lines of vision. Overall, there was a gain of ≥2 lines of vision in 43.5% (20/46) of patients at last follow-up. The rate of retroprosthetic membrane formation was 61%, the rate of glaucoma onset/progression was 26%, the rate of tube revision was 31%, and the KPro retention rate was 87%. CONCLUSIONS This study confirms that initial visual improvement in aniridic keratopathy cases occurs at a high rate with the Boston type 1 KPro but also found progressive loss of these initial visual improvements.
Thyroid cancer: CAR T cell therapy - potential in advanced thyroid cancer?

In the current era of immunotherapy successes, Min and colleagues report the promising preclinical development and efficacy of a CAR T cell therapy that recognizes ICAM-1, which is highly expressed in advanced thyroid cancers. Herein, we discuss the feasibility of this approach and its implications for future therapies to treat thyroid cancer.
A Case Report of in Utero Williams Syndrome Arterial Malformation.

Introduction Williams syndrome (WS), an autosomal dominant condition linked to gene deletions on chromosome 7, can cause supravalvular aortic narrowing and death. WS-associated mutations are believed to disrupt arterial elastin fibers, causing smooth muscle malformation, endomysial fibrosis and severe hypertension. Previous studies demonstrated arterial ultrastructural anomalies in adult WS patients. It is not presently known if the arterial phenotype of WS is also present in utero. Case report A 34-week stillborn was delivered to a 28-year-old with genetically confirmed WS. Aortic tissue from the patient was compared with non-WS fetal aorta of similar gestational age using EM and light microscopy. Both sections were taken from the proximal aortic root. This demonstrated internal elastic lamina disruption, malformed elastic fibers, smooth muscle proliferation and abnormal collagen fibers, consistent with adult WS phenotype. Conclusion Our analysis indicated the cardiovascular changes of WS in a fetus as young as 34 weeks.
Parody and Ideology

This chapter offers an overview of the concepts of ideology, parody, and postmodernism, engaging with the theories of important critics in these areas. The chapter delves into two major issues regarding the relationship between parody and ideology. First, it examines whether postmodern parody is a mere deconstruction of previous ideologies, or whether, in its process of deconstruction, a new ideology created. It also examines how postmodern parody resolves the conflict between its insistence on epistemological relativism and the enthronement of its own new ideological discourse. Second, the chapter considers whether postmodern parody is guilty of a deconstruction totally divorced from the world outside the text, or whether postmodern parody in fact possesses an ethico-political dimension that engages morally with reality outside itself.
Thermohydraulic characteristics of a multi-string direct-contact heat exchanger

Abstract Direct-contact heat exchangers that involve energy exchange between gas and liquid streams have a variety of applications, including waste heat recovery, thermoelectric power plant cooling, and thermal desalination. Direct-contact heat exchangers are appealing as they may help mitigate potential corrosion, fouling, and scaling of solid surfaces and enhance heat transfer effectiveness. In this study, we experimentally investigate the thermohydraulic characteristics of an economic light-weight direct-contact heat exchanger that incorporates an array of strings of diameter of the order of 0.1–1 mm to sustain flows of thin liquid films. We constructed a 1.6 m-tall prototype heat exchanger with an array of as many as 112 vertically aligned strings. Thin films of a non-evaporating liquid are flown down the strings by gravity and exchange thermal energy with a counterflowing gas stream. We obtained axial liquid temperature profiles and frictional loss in the gas stream for different combinations of liquid and gas flow rates and two different string pitches. Numerical simulation is also performed to help interpret and indirectly validate our experimental results. The overall, gas-side, and liquid-side heat transfer coefficients extracted from the experimentally measured temperature profiles are examined to evaluate the impact of instability in liquid film flows and inter-bead spacing. The applicability of the Reynolds analogy is also assessed using the measured gas-stream pressure drops and air-side heat transfer coefficients. The present study helps improve our understanding of heat transfer and gas-stream pressure drop in string-based direct-contact heat exchangers and provides an experimental database to help systematically optimize their design.
Speciation Processes in the Adaptive Radiation of Hawaiian Plants and Animals

Hawaii, the most isolated archipelago on earth, is an evolutionist’s paradise. Despite its comparative geological recency and extreme isolation, this chain of volcanic islands in the northern Pacific hosts an amazingly rich and diverse biota—the outcome of rapid, explosive speciation and adaptive radiation in many groups of plants and animals. Most of the flora and fauna are endemic to Hawaii, with endemism rates as high as 90 to 99%o for terrestrial forms (Carlquist, 1970); in fact, many species are restricted to individual islands or volcanoes. Thus it can be inferred that these endemic forms speciated in situ, following successful colonization by a series of founder individuals.
Using tutored video instruction methodology to deliver management education at a distance in China

INTRODUCTION This chapter summarizes a report of a systematic study of distance education programs whose audience was middleand upper-level managers employed full-time at two Chinese companies. These programs were evaluated in terms of their educational effectiveness; i.e., did these students, and the companies who paid for their education, receive good value for their investment of time and money? Unfortunately, few studies have attempted to validate benefits or to substantiate the shortcomings of distance education and asso iated technologies, especially in the area of international management education. The conclusions of two of the earliest systematic studies of distance suggested that using television as a means of delivering instruction to students, regardless of grade levels or subject matter, could result in student performance that was equal to that of live classes, (Chu & Schramm, 1967; Schramm, 1967).
Direct identification of microribonucleic acid miR-451 from plasma using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry.

Abstract In recent years, small endogenous RNAs have come to the forefront of both basic and translational research. For example, many studies have pointed to the potential role of microRNAs (miRNAs) as disease biomarkers. However, precise quantitative methods for the analysis of miRNAs are still lacking. In this study, we report the first mass spectrometry-based quantitation of miR-451, a circulatory microRNA. Using a highly selective sample preparation method with an average recovery of 83.6% and a novel mobile phase chemistry, we were able to reach an LOQ of 0.5 ng/mL. Because of such high sensitivity, we could detect and quantify the endogenous miR-451 from both human and rat plasma. Considering the increased precision of LC–MS compared to other methods, these results usher in a new era of miRNA biomarker discovery and validation.
Women and Gender in Early Modern Europe

This fourth edition of Merry E. Wiesner-Hanks's prize-winning survey features significant changes to every chapter, designed to reflect the newest scholarship. Global issues have been threaded throughout the book, while still preserving the clear thematic structure of previous editions. Thus readers will find expanded discussions of gendered racial hierarchies, migration, missionaries, and consumer goods. In addition, there is enhanced coverage of recent theoretical directions; the ideas, beliefs, and practices of ordinary people; early industrialization; women's learning, letter writing, and artistic activities; emotions and sentiments; single women and same-sex relations; masculinities; mixed-race and enslaved women; and the life course from birth to death. With geographically broad coverage, including Russia, Scandinavia, the Ottoman Empire, and the Iberian Peninsula, this remains the leading text on women and gender in Europe in this period. Accompanying this essential reading is a completely revised website featuring extensive updated bibliographies, web links, and primary source material.
Professional practice, amateur profile: mapping amateur game design communities

Amateur game design communities are fruitful spaces for research in professional and technical communication (PTC) [9, 10, 16]; these communities often mirror many professional practices such as iterative design and the creation of extensive documentation. Before crossing into these spaces, however, researchers and practitioners must understand the makeup of these communities, which may (anecdotally) serve as potential spaces for marginalized people in ways the games industry does not. In this study, we used the International Game Developers' Association's Developer Satisfaction Survey as a base for our own surveys of three amateur game design communities. In mapping these communities, we found that each mirrored the games industry in several categories, but that each community also displayed unique differences that necessitate a variety of approaches to conducting research in or on such sites.
Serial-Dependency Grouping-Proof Protocol for RFID EPC Gen2 Tags

A key communication technology in smart cities and smart buildings for automation is RFID. Proving the simultaneous presence of a group of RFID-tagged objects is a practical need in many application areas within this domain. Some examples of this include vehicle fleets, smart parking, safety in public places (smart cities), security and access control (smart buildings), and asset location (supply chain system, health care industry). Security, privacy, and efficiency are central issues when designing such a grouping-proof protocol. This work is motivated by Sundaresan et al. ’s grouping-proof protocol, which applies zero-knowledge techniques. In this paper, we propose a lightweight, offline, serial-dependency grouping-proof protocol. Compared to existing grouping-proof protocols, our scheme improves on efficiency, scalability, security, and communication cost. It resists well-known attacks on grouping-proofs including tag/reader impersonation, tracking, replay, desynchronization, and message integrity.
Sharing Workout Experiences on Social Networking Sites: Its Moderating Factors and Well-Being Outcomes.

The study explored moderating factors and well-being outcomes of sharing workout experiences on social networking sites (SNSs). A survey of 424 participants assessed the degree to which participant...
National Estimates of hospital emergency department visits due to acute injuries associated with hookah smoking, United States, 2011-2019

Hookah (also known as waterpipe) smoking is associated with acute adverse health effects such as vomiting and fainting, symptoms related to carbon monoxide poisoning, and decreased pulmonary function, however, national estimates of hookah-related acute injuries are not currently available in the scientific literature. This study provides national estimates of United States hospital emergency department visits due to hookah-related acute injuries. We analyzed 2011–2019 data from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System to calculate national estimates of emergency department visits due to hookah-related acute injuries. National Electronic Injury Surveillance System data were gathered from approximately 100 United States hospitals selected as a probability sample of approximately 5000 hospitals with emergency departments. Each case contains information abstracted from all emergency department records involving injuries associated with consumer products. All individuals admitted to emergency departments who sustained hookah-related acute injuries were included in the study. During 2011–2019, an estimated 1371 (95% confidence interval: 505–2283) United States hospital emergency department visits were related to hookah-related acute injuries. The most common injuries were sustained from dizziness/light-headedness and syncopal episodes (54.8%), followed by burns (41.5%). Young adults aged 18–24 years accounted for 66.8% of hookah-related acute injuries admitted to United States emergency departments. This study provides national estimates of hospital emergency department visits due to hookah-related acute injuries. We found that hookah smoking related AIs mostly occurred among young adults. Study findings may inform public health policy and educational intervention efforts to prevent these events and complement other acute injury surveillance systems, such as the National Poison Data System.
Distal Radius Fracture Treatment Outcomes in Patients With Ipsilateral Hemiplegia or Hemiparesis

BackgroundLittle information exists to guide decision-making with regard to distal radius fractures in the setting of ipsilateral hemiparesis or hemiplegia.MethodsPatients who sustained a distal ra...
Entrepreneurial Fraud: A Multidisciplinary Review and Synthesized Framework:

The practical relevance of entrepreneurial fraud has stimulated a wide array of research occurring in disciplinary silos. We take stock of the current state of the entrepreneurial fraud literature ...
A Way Out

We present a way out of Russell’s paradox for sets in the form of a direct weakening of the usual inconsistent full comjprehension axiom scheme, which, with no additional axioms, interprets ZFC. In fact, the resulting axiomatic theory 1) is a subsystem of ZFC + “there exists arbitrarily large subtle cardinals”, and 2) is mutually interpretable with ZFC + the scheme of subtlety.
Characterization of rat ribosomal DNA II. identification of the highly repetitive DNA in the 3' non-transcribed spacer.

Abstract The nucleotide sequence of one of the non-transcribed spacer subclones, p1.7, from the region 3′ to rat 45 S pre-rRNA has been determined. Within 1612 base-pairs, the fragment contains two distinct regions of highly repetitive DNA, one of which can serve as a site for initiation in vitro by RNA polymerase III. The first is the alternating purine-pyrimidine sequence (A-C) 21 . The second of these regions has 95% homology to the identifier sequence and served as the template for RNA polymerase III transcription in vitro . The in vitro polymerase III template is aligned in opposite polarity to the direction of transcription of 45 S rRNA. Located near the identifier sequence is a region that is 59% homologous to the type-II Alu sequences. It would seem, therefore, that members of more than one highly repetitive sequence family have accumulated in the non-transcribed spacers. These data also suggest that within the non-transcribed spacers these families have evolved (sequence variation) at different rates, until one of them, the Alu type-II-like element, may represent a new Alu type-II subfamily.
Notes from the Underground: Popular Music and African American Empowerment

This paper examines the role that popular culture can play in political and social change. We examine two case studies — rock and roll in the 1950s and early 1960s, and rap/hip hop from the mid-1980s to mid-1990s — focusing on the reactions to these two musical innovations. We argue that the way these two musical developments were received illustrates how music can contribute to undermining cultural hegemony.
The Many Faces of the State

EnglishThe author examines the state's role in ensuring freedom of speech. Because what is at stake is less the expressive interest of the speakers than the interest of the citizenry hearing debate on issues of public concern, the state, primarily through the judiciary,should act to ensure equal access to the debate. In the controversial areas of hate speech, pornography and campaign finance, the state should serve as a parliamentarian, using its power to guard against the silencing of less powerful voices. A too rigid adherence to the requirement that regulation of speech be content-neutral would seriously impair the state's capacity to serve in this way as a friend of freedom francaisL’auteur examine le role de l’Etat dans la garantie de liberte d'expression. Comme l’interet expressif des intervenants importe moins que l’interet des citoyens a entendre les debats sur les preoccupations publiques, l’Etat — essentiellement au moyen du pouvoir judiciaire — devrait assurer le meme acces a ce debat. Dans le cas de sujets controverses comme la litterature haineuse, la pornographie et le financement des campagnes, l’Etat devrait adopter un role de parlementaire, utilisant ses pouvoirs pour proteger ceux et celles qui ont des voix moins fortes. L’adherence trop stricte a l’exigence que le contenu du discours doit rester neutre nuirait serieusement a la capacite de l’Etat d’etre vu comme un ami de la liberte.
The Impact of Corporate Ownership on Residential Transaction Prices

A perception exists in the appraisal and brokerage industry that houses sold by corporate relocation firms (or corporate employers) sell at a discount in the residential market. The purpose of this...
A simple low-cost array on the lunar near-side for the early lunar expeditions

A concept of a simple, low-cost array on the lunar near-side is discussed. The concept includes 19 stations laid in a T, with three arms each 36 km long, and separated by 6 km. Each station consists of two 10-m-long orthogonal dipoles, each feeding a receiver of a commercial pocket digital shortwave radio type, and a 3-m spring-loaded mast with a small UHF array at the top for receiving the timing signals and tuning commmands and for sending out the digitized data streams. Each station has 0.25 square meters of solar arrays and 20 kg of lithium batteries. At the array center there is either a digital correlator for processing the signals from each antenna pair to compact the data into a 32-kb/sec channel or a 10-cm telescope for sending back raw data to earth.
Ethyl Indole-2-Carboxylate †

Ethyl indole-2-carboxylate product: Potassium salt of ethyl o-nitrophenylpyruvate product: Ethyl indole-2-carboxylate solvent: light petroleum ether Keywords: annulation, heterocyclic-[5]; condensation, carbonyl-active methylene condensations; condensation, ester-active methylene condensation; cyclization, reductive cyclization; potassium
U3, U8 and U13 comprise a new class of mammalian snRNPs localized in the cell nucleolus

Using anti-(U3)RNP autoantibodies, we have isolated and characterized two additional small nucleolar RNAs from HeLa cells, which are less abundant than U3 RNA. Both RNAs possess a trimethylguanosine cap as judged by precipitation with anti-TMG antibody, but are not precipitated by either anti-Sm or anti-La antibodies. In addition, both RNAs are not precipitable by anti-Th serum, which recognizes another nucleolar RNP autoantigen. Sequence analysis revealed that one of these RNAs, 136 nucleotides long, is the human U8 homolog; while the other, 105 nucleotides long, represents a novel species which we designate U13. Both RNAs share with U3 two conserved sequences (boxes C and D). The role of one or both of these boxes in binding the common 34 kd antigenic protein, otherwise known as fibrillarin, is discussed. Fractionation of HeLa cells revealed that U8 and U13, like U3, reside in the nucleolus. In glycerol gradients both RNAs cosediment with larger structures possibly representing ribosomal precursors. We propose that U3, U8 and U13 comprise a new subset of mammalian snRNPs whose roles in ribosome biogenesis are discussed.
An Invitation to Arithmetic Geometry

Integral closure Plane curves Factorization of ideals The discriminants The ideal class group Projective curves Nonsingular complete curves Zeta-functions The Riemann-Roch Theorem Frobenius morphisms and the Riemann hypothesis Further topics Appendix Glossary of notation Index Bibliography.
Discharge Setting for Patients with Hip Fracture : Trends from 2001 to 2005

OBJECTIVES: To examine recent trends in discharge disposition after hospitalization for hip fracture. DESIGN: Retrospective observational study using data from the 5% random sample of Medicare claims data from 2001 to 2005 that the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services makes available for research purposes. SETTING: Inpatient medical rehabilitation pre- and postimplementation of prospective payment (2001\u20132005). PARTICIPANTS: Forty-four thousand six hundred eighty-four Medicare patients. MEASURES: Postacute discharge setting (home, inpatient rehabilitation, skilled nursing facility, and long-term care nursing home/hospital/hospice). RESULTS: Bivariate analyses showed that discharge from acute care to inpatient rehabilitation increased from 12.2% in 2001 to 23.9% in 2005. The odds of discharge to inpatient medical rehabilitation were 2.26 (95% confidence interval=2.09\u20132.45) greater in 2005 than in 2001 after adjustment for patient characteristics (age, sex, and race or ethnicity), admitting diagnoses, type of treatment (internal fixation vs arthroplasty), and length of stay. CONCLUSION: The move from fee for service to prospective payment for postacute services for persons with hip fracture was associated with greater use of inpatient medical rehabilitation. Further research is necessary to confirm the trend in discharge setting and determine whether it is related to changes in reimbursement for postacute care.
Control of Mixed-Substrate Utilization in Continuous Cultures of Escherichia coli

The chemostat culture technique was used to study the control mechanisms which operate during utilization of mixtures of glucose and lactose and glucose and l-aspartic acid by populations of Escherichia coli B6. Constitutive mutants were rapidly selected during continuous culture on a mixture of glucose and lactose, and the β-galactosidase level of the culture increased greatly. After mutant selection, the specific β-galactosidase level of the culture was a decreasing function of growth rate. In cultures of both the inducible wild type and the constitutive mutant, glucose and lactose were simultaneously utilized at moderate growth rates, whereas only glucose was used in the inducible cultures at high growth rates. Catabolite repression was shown to be the primary mechanism of control of β-galactosidase level and lactose utilization in continuous culture on mixed substrates. In batch culture, as in the chemostat, catabolite repression acting by itself on the lac enzymes was insufficient to prevent lactose utilization or cause diauxie. Interference with induction of the lac operon, as well as catabolite repression, was necessary to produce diauxic growth. Continuous cultures fed mixtures of glucose and l-aspartic acid utilized both substrates at moderate growth rates, even though the catabolic enzyme aspartase was linearly repressed with increasing growth rate. Although the repression of aspartase paralleled the catabolite repression of β-galactosidase, l-aspartic acid could be utilized even at very low levels of the catabolic enzyme because of direct anabolic incorporation into protein.
Structure of the clean Gd5Ge4(010) surface.

We have characterized the (010) surface of Gd5Ge4 using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Data from different samples have the following features in common: (1) the surface composition equals the bulk composition to within 5 at.%, both after ion etching and after annealing at temperatures of 400-1200 K; and (2) the surface exhibits terraces of two types. The height of the steps between similar terraces corresponds well to the separation between equivalent layers along the direction in the bulk structure. Density functional theory (DFT) shows that the surface energy of the (0001) plane of hexagonal close-packed Gd is lower than that of the (111) plane of diamond-type Ge, suggesting that surfaces of Gd5Ge4 (for comparable density) should be rich in Gd. Indeed, DFT shows that among the bulk terminations of Gd5Ge4, a pure Ge termination is not favored. Each of the three remaining terminations (two pure Gd and one mixed, Gd-Ge) has its minimum surface energy in a different range of the possible Gd chemical potentials, indicating that different terminations may be stable under different conditions. DFT shows that the heights of the steps between dissimilar terraces, measured in STM, are consistent with the two pure Gd terminations.
Antibodies specific for modified nucleosides: an immunochemical approach for the isolation and characterization of nucleic acids

Publisher Summary The chapter discusses various antibodies specific for modified nucleosides that is an immunochemical approach for the isolation and characterization of nucleic acids. The rationale of an immunochemical approach for the isolation and characterization of nucleic acids is based on two important observations. First, most nucleic acids contain a limited number of modified nucleosides that are uniquely distributed throughout their structures. Second, antibodies that possess high degrees of affinity and specificity toward these modified nucleosides can be prepared, with minimal or no significant cross-reactivity, with the bulk of unmodified constituents present in nucleic acids. From the information presented in these sections, the feasibility of an immunochemical approach is demonstrated, by using specific anti-nucleoside antibodies: (a) to isolate hapten-containing oligonucleotides and ribonucleic acids (RNAs), (b) to assess the functional significance of the hapten component, and (c) to map the position of the hapten, within selected nucleic acid structures. The employment of the anti-nucleoside antibody is by no means restricted to the naturally occurring modified constituents of nucleic acids. Equally or perhaps more significant are their application in the detection, quantitation, isolation, and location of aberrant nucleoside adducts that appear in the nucleic acids of organisms exposed to various forms of radiation.
Talking About Sexual Assault: Society's Response to Survivors

Sexual assault is a traumatic experience for any woman. Furthermore, many victims who tell others about their assault must endure a 'second assault' in the form of negative reactions, such as victim blaming and disbelief. One third to two thirds of victims may experience such reactions, which have negative mental and physical health effects on the victims. This book provides a comprehensive look at women's rape disclosure, addressing such issues as why, how often, and to whom women disclose their sexual assault; how people respond to disclosures; what factors influence how they respond to disclosures; and how these responses affect survivors. With an ecological approach, the book considers the social context of rape, arguing that negative social reactions emanate from broader social norms and attitudes about rape. Multiple perspectives are considered, including those of survivors, informal support providers (family, friends, and intimate partners), and formal support providers (therapists, victim advocates, and others). Finally, recommendations for research, treatment, and intervention are provided. Powerful, insightful, and provocative, this book is essential reading for everyone who works with sexual assault victims, including therapists, health care workers, victim advocates, rape researchers, policy makers, and students in any of these fields.
Des-tyrosine-γ-endorphin: H-reflex response similar to neuroleptics

Abstract In a study of eight schizophrenic patients, des-tyrosine-γ-endorphin was found to significantly reduce secondary facilitation of the H-reflex recovery curve. This result is similar to the effect found after treatment with classical neuroleptic medication. The effect is different from that produced by lithium carbonate or anti-depressants. This suggests that des-tyrosine-γ-endorphin and neuroleptics have a similar pharmacological action in man.
Medical treatment of intersex: parental perspectives.

ABSTRACT Purpose: The recommendation for early genital surgery in children born with ambiguous genitalia has become a contentious topic. Some adult intersex patients contend that their parents were neither fully informed about the side effects of surgery nor able to predict the impact of these surgeries on sexual responsiveness. The parents of these intersex patients, on the other hand, often report that they were not given sufficient input into the treatment decisions for their children. Materials and Methods: A total of 21 parents of 17, 46 XX children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) and genital ambiguity completed multiple response questionnaires to gain a better understanding of parental perspective to include information provided in the neonatal period, the specifics of genital surgery and their recollection of the participation they were allowed in medical decision making for their child. Results: The majority of parents of girls with CAH were satisfied with the information provided in the newborn period, and with the preoperative discussions and outcomes of the genital surgery their daughters underwent in infancy. Most thought that their daughters would lead a well-adjusted life. Conclusions: Most parents of minor females with CAH who were born with genital ambiguity indicated that they were well informed and involved in the medical care given to their daughters. In most instances parents indicated that genital surgery was indicated during infancy and should be undertaken even at the risk of reducing genital sensitivity.