cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Observational evidence for the vertical redistribution and scavenging of Saharan dust by tropical cyclones

The influence of the passage of organized tropical convection on the Saharan dust layer is quantified through a novel coupling of aerosol vertical structure from the polar orbiting Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) satellite to high-temporal resolution storm tracks from the geostationary Pathfinder Atmospheres Extended (PATMOS-x) cloud product. Three case studies corresponding to Tropical Storms Debby, Melissa, and Josephine in 2006, 2007, and 2008, respectively, present direct evidence that organized tropical convection consistently redistributes dust vertically in the atmosphere while simultaneously removing a significant fraction via wet scavenging. The evolution of the Saharan dust layer with passage of each storm suggests that convection deposits (1.6% ± 0.7%) of the dust mass in a layer between 8 km and 12 km and reduces downstream dust aerosol optical depths (AODs) by an average of 80% ± 14% relative to before the storm overpass, far more than could be explained by dry deposition alone.
Arthroscopic Wrist Debridement and Radial Styloidectomy for Advanced Scapholunate Advanced Collapse Wrist: Long-term Follow-up.

Background: Symptomatic stage 2 or 3 scapholunate advanced collapse (SLAC) wrist is aggressively treated with salvage procedures, such as proximal row carpectomy or partial wrist fusion with result...
Foveal Development in Infants Treated with Bevacizumab or Laser Photocoagulation for Retinopathy of Prematurity

Purpose To characterize and quantify early foveal development in preterm infants and to compare this development between eyes treated with intravitreal bevacizumab or laser photocoagulation (LPC) and untreated eyes. Design Observational case series. Participants One hundred thirty-one preterm infants undergoing retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) screenings. Methods Handheld OCT imaging was performed longitudinally on all patients. Thickness measurements of the inner and outer retinal layers were obtained at the foveal center and the nasal and temporal foveal rims. Comparisons between treated and untreated eyes were adjusted for age and other confounding variables. Main Outcome Measures Weekly change in inner and outer retinal thickness and presence of inner retinal layers, ellipsoid zone (EZ), and cystoid macular changes (CMCs). Results Outer retinal thickness at the foveal center increased by 3.1 μm/week in untreated eyes and 7.2 μm/week in bevacizumab-treated eyes ( P = 0.038). Eyes treated with LPC had a lower probability of having all inner retinal layers present at the foveal center (odds ratio, 0.04; P = 0.001) and a lower probability of having the EZ present at the foveal center (odds ratio, 0.07; P = 0.024) compared with untreated eyes. Cystoid macular changes were found in 53% of patients and 22% of imaging sessions. The age-adjusted incidence of CMCs was not correlated with bevacizumab or LPC treatment. Conclusions Intravitreal bevacizumab therapy for ROP is associated with more rapid outer retinal thickening at the foveal center, whereas LPC is associated with earlier extrusion of the inner retinal layers and delayed development of the EZ at the foveal center. Long-term follow-up is needed to determine the visual significance of these findings.
Making Common Sense Common Practice: Achieving High Performance by using what You Already Know

(1998). Making Common Sense Common Practice: Achieving High Performance by using what You Already Know. Quality Management Journal: Vol. 5, No. 4, pp. 85-86.
Deterministic Design of Chemistry and Mesostructure in Li-Ion Battery Electrodes

All battery electrodes have complex internal three-dimensional architectures that have traditionally been formed through the random packing of the electrode components. What is now emerging is a new concept in battery electrode design, where the important electronic and ionic pathways, as well as the chemical interactions between the components of the electrode, are deterministically designed. Deterministic design enables far better properties than are possible through random packing, including dramatic improvements in both power and energy. Such a design approach is particularly attractive for emerging high-energy-density materials, which require available free volume as they swell during cycling. In addition to controlled structure, another important facet of the design of such systems is the stable chemical linkages between the active material and the conductive network that survive the lithiation and delithiation processes. In this Perspective, we discuss and provide our views on deterministically des...
Effect on sexual function of a vacuum erection device post-prostatectomy.

Introduction Treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED) subsequent to bilateral nerve sparing robotic prostatectomy (BNSRP) with tadalafil plus a vacuum erection device (VED) may improve return of sexual function. Materials and methods Men with prostate cancer who had BNSRP were randomized to receive tadalafil, 20 mg three times weekly, or tadalafil plus a VED, 10 minutes unbanded per day for at least 5 days weekly. Treatments started 1 month after surgery; clinic visits were at 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months. Patients were requested to attempt intercourse at least twice before each visit. At every visit patients completed the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) questionnaire and a penile hardness scale (1-4) and were questioned as to their ability to have vaginal penetration and intercourse to orgasm. Results Thirteen men started the combination regimen, and there were no dropouts; 10 patients started the tadalafil treatment, and three men dropped out. The mean IIEF-5 at months 6, 9 and 12 were significantly higher for the combination group, while the penile hardness scores were significantly greater for the combination group at 6 and 9 months. After 12 months 92% of combination patients responded yes to the vaginal penetration question versus 57% of the tadalafil group; corresponding figures were 92% and 29%, respectively, for intercourse to orgasm. Compliance to the VED was superior to that of tadalafil. Conclusion Men with ED subsequent to BNSRP had a more rapid and complete return of sexual function when treated with tadalafil plus VED versus tadalafil alone.
Tempt me not with your gold, fine sir

TO THE NEIGHBORS, the marriage between the practical man of affairs and the researcher appears to be placid enough, although the absence of visible progeny as a result of their union may sometimes cause gossip as to their real compatibility. A monkish cult in some academic circles goes so far as to insist that celibacy is the proper state of a researcher; all money, they say, tends to corrupt and the research buyer's gold represents the primrose path to perdition. Other researchers languish in ivory towers, waiting for a pure-minded Foundation to ride by and throw undesignated funds into their chamber window. Still others marry a sponsor, planning to reform him after the marriage price is paid, certain they know what is best for both of them.
Interaction of metal, AMP, and fructose 2,6-bisphosphate with rabbit liver fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase

7 INTRODUCTION 9 EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES 12 RESULTS 14 DISCUSSION 22 REFERENCES 28 SECTION II: THE SITE OF SUBSTRATE AND FRUCTOSE 2,6-BISPHOSPHATE BINDING TO RABBIT LIVER FRUCTOSE-1,6-BISPHOSPHATASE 30 ABSTRACT 32 INTRODUCTION 33 EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES 35 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 39 REFERENCES 45 SECTION III: INTERACTION OF FRUCTOSE 2,6-BISPHOSPHATE AND AMP WITH FRUCTOSE-1,6-BISPHOSPHATASE AS STUDIED BY NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 46 ABSTRACT 48 ill INTRODUCTION 50 EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES 53 RESULTS 57 DISCUSSION 69
Gait Speed and Grip Strength Are Associated With Dropping Out of the Liver Transplant Waiting List.

Abstract Introduction Frailty measures can predict perioperative surgical risk in liver transplant patients. The 5-meter walk test (5MWT) and hand grip strength (HGS) are easy and reproducible frailty measures. We hypothesized that they could capture frailty in liver transplant listed patients and would be associated with dropping out of the waiting list. Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients undergoing outpatient liver transplant listing at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center from 2013 to 2016. We compared demographics, baseline laboratory markers, 5MWT, and HGS between patients who were dropped from the waiting list for medical reasons and those who remained or were successfully transplanted. Bivariate statistical analysis was performed using Fisher exact or χ2 tests. Results We reviewed 197 patients listed for liver transplant. Average age was 57.1 years (range 20–74), and patients were predominantly white (90.4%). Patients' most common etiology of liver disease was hepatitis C (32.5%), 14 (7.1%) had a previous liver transplant, and average Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score upon listing was 16.0. Of the cohort, 38 (19.3%) were ultimately dropped from the waitlist due to non–hepatocellular carcinoma–related reasons. Patients dropped from the waiting list had weaker HGS (46.14 lb vs 59.6 lb; P Conclusion The 5MWT and HGS can easily measure frailty in patients being evaluated for liver transplant. These tests are associated with waiting list dropout, indicating that they can be valuable tools in the evaluation of these patients.
Fat Grafting for Improved Ileostomy Ostomy Device Fit: A Case Report.

For patients with an ostomy, a poor fitting appliance may cause leakage, peristomal dermatitis, and frequent appliance changes. Purpose The purpose of this case study was to report the outcome of fat grafting to augment peristomal soft tissue and improve appliance fit. Case study A 57-year-old woman with a history of Crohn's disease presented with soft-tissue deficiency and uneven contour around her ileostomy site. She was unable to properly fit an ostomy appliance, which resulted in leakage, chronic skin irritation, and frequent appliance changes. The patient underwent 2 rounds of fat grafting using fat harvested from her medial thighs and knees infused with dilute lidocaine with epinephrine. The patient noted immediate improvement after 34 cc of processed fat was injected in the first round. Appliance change frequency decreased from daily to every 3 to 4 days. A second graft of 32 cc provided 3 months later further improved appliance fit, reducing appliance change frequency to every 5 to 7 days and obviating the need to use adjustment rings and glue. Pre- and postoperative computed tomography showed increased thickness of abdominal wall subcutaneous tissues. Conclusion Fat grafting around an ostomy site presents a viable option to improve contour and appliance fit with reduced skin irritation and leakage.
A 60GHz CMOS Power Amplifier with Parametric Matching Networks

Modern wireless communication systems, especially orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) systems that have high peak-to-average power ratios (PAPR) signals, require high linearity and high power-added efficiency (PAE) in power amplifier (PA) designs. This work applies the parametric amplification method in PA designs to achieve these two goals simultaneously. A baseline Class-AB PA is designed as a reference. It has a PSAT of 11 dBm, small-signal gain of 14 dB, and peak PAE of 29% at 62 GHz. The parametric PA improves the IP 1dB from −5 dBm to −2 dBm. The PAE at −6 dB back-off is increased from 10% to 15.5% (improved by 55%), the PAE at −8 dB back-off is increased from 7% to 11% (improved by 54%), and the peak PAE is increased from 29% to 33%.
Psychosocial Stress and Adversity: Effects from the Perinatal Period to Adulthood

Early exposure to stress and adversity can have both immediate and lasting effects on physical and psychological health. Critical periods have been identified in infancy, during which the presence or absence of experiences can alter developmental trajectories. There are multiple explanations for how exposure to psychosocial stress, before conception or early in life, has an impact on later increased risk for developmental delays, mental health, and chronic metabolic diseases. Through both epidemiologic and animal models, the mechanisms by which experiences are transmitted across generations are being identified. Because psychosocial stress has multiple components that can act as stress mediators, a comprehensive understanding of the complex interactions between multiple adverse or beneficial experiences and their ultimate effects on health is essential to best identify interventions that will improve health and outcomes. This review outlines what is known about the biology, transfer, and effects of psychosocial stress and early life adversity from the perinatal period to adulthood. This information can be used to identify potential areas in which clinicians in neonatal medicine could intervene to improve outcomes.
Collaborative Learning Through Shared Collective Knowledge and Local Expertise

Collaborative lifelong learning for collective knowledge acquisition has recently attracted plethora of attention from various societies. Life long learning is rooted in continuous learning over a series of consecutive tasks. The learning tasks can be carried out by a single agent with access to a complete set of information or collaborative agents with restricted access to partial data sets. Existing lifelong learning methods are mostly based on centralized learning structure, which may limit applicability in most real settings. In this paper, we introduce a novel collaborative learning approach that relies on shared collective knowledge while preserving local expertise. In this collaborative lifelong knowledge acquisition each agent obtains agent-specific know-how, i.e., through learning from agent-specific tasks and has access to global knowledge accumulated by other agents dealing with similar tasks. The structure of our proposed solution ensures agreement among neighboring agents on a shared collective knowledge while maintaining a local expertise knowledge base. We tested our algorithm on several benchmark data sets.
Symptom Clusters And Quality Of Life Over 1 Year In Breast Cancer Patients Receiving Adjuvant Chemotherapy

Objective: Evidence is scant regarding symptom clusters and quality of life (QOL) over 1 year in women who receive adjuvant breast cancer chemotherapy (CTX). Our purpose was to identify the prevalence and severity of individual symptoms, symptom clusters, and QOL in women receiving adjuvant breast cancer CTX from baseline over 1 year. Methods: Symptoms were identified in a sample (n = 219) at three times: baseline (prior to the first adjuvant CTX treatment), 1 month after the last CTX (approximately 6 months after baseline), and 1 year after baseline. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and Symptom Experience Scale measured symptoms. The Medical Outcomes Study, Short-Form Survey, measured QOL. Exploratory factor analysis identified symptom clusters at each time and core symptoms in clusters over time. Results: The prevalence and severity of 10 symptoms decreased over time (P
Integrated in-situ resource utilization system design and logistics for Mars exploration

Abstract This paper develops an interdisciplinary space architecture optimization framework to analyze the tradeoff on in-situ resource utilization options, identify technology gaps, evaluate the benefits of in-situ resource utilization, and optimize the design of infrastructure for Mars human space exploration scenarios and mission profiles. It performs trade studies from the perspective of space logistics, which takes into account the interplanetary transportation, infrastructure deployment, in-situ resource utilization system operation, and logistics of the produced resources. Our method considers space architecture design and operation from the subsystem level to capture the coupling between in-situ resource utilization technologies and in-space architecture elements for space resource logistics. A case study involving a multi-mission human Mars exploration campaign is performed to evaluate the effectiveness of existing and proposed in-situ resource utilization technology concepts and system designs. The results can provide us with a better understanding of the benefits and costs of different in-situ resource utilization technologies for interplanetary space transportation. A sensitivity analysis is also conducted to understand the impacts of lunar and near-Earth-object's in-situ resource utilization systems on Mars missions. The results of this analysis can help decision-makers determine and optimize the roadmap for in-situ resource utilization technology development.
In the surf zone: Reproductive strategy of the calico surfperch (Amphistichus koelzi) in a comparative context.

We examined the reproductive life history of calico surfperch (Amphistichus koelzi), including mating season, pregnancy, gestation and multiple paternity utilizing restriction site-associated DNA sequencing. Furthermore, we compared the mating season of calico with barred (Amphistichus argenteus), walleye (Hyperprosopon argenteum) and silver (Hyperprosopon ellipticum) surfperches to determine if the timing of reproduction is divergent within and between the genera. In calico surfperch, the mating season occurs from October to November, and females gestate from December to May. All broods exhibit multiple paternity with a range of four to seven sires per brood. The mating season of calico overlaps completely with barred surfperch; however, barred surfperches have a protracted mating season which extends until the beginning of December, which may be due to differences in reproductive strategy such as size at first reproduction. In the genus, the Hyperprosopon mating season begins earlier than Amphistichus, with divergence in the onset of mating between Hyperprosopon congeners of approximately 1 month.
Accurate Consensus-Based Distributed Averaging With Variable Time Delay in Support of Distributed Secondary Control Algorithms

Distributed secondary control has been widely used in hierarchical control structures, where multiple distributed generators (DGs) need to coordinate to regulate system voltage and frequency. In these systems, consensus algorithms determine the average of a group of dynamic states (e.g., voltages measured by a group of DGs). To be useful, consensus algorithms must be computationally efficient, stable and accurate. In practice, numerous practical implementation challenges significantly affect the consensus equilibrium. In this paper, we quantify the accuracy deviations of the distributed average observer algorithms proposed in the literature to demonstrate the problems with the state-of-the-art distributed averaging techniques. A novel approach is proposed that achieves accurate average tracking in the presence of time-varying communication delays among agents. In our implementation, time synchronization of all distributed controllers is enabled by a novel software platform, called Resilient Information Architecture Platform for the Smart Grid (RIAPS). The proposed distributed average observer is implemented on hardware controllers and its effectiveness is validated in a controller hardware-in-the-loop testbed.
Ill-posed problems associated with sectorial operators in Banach space

Abstract Ill-posed problems of the form u ′ ( t ) = A u + h , 0 t T , u ( 0 ) = φ are studied in Banach space under two related scenarios, both of which consider a well-posed logarithmic approximation. In the first scenario, −A generates a bounded holomorphic semigroup of angle θ = π 2 , and so A is sectorial of angle 0. In the second, where θ may be relaxed to any value in ( 0 , π 2 ] , we impose an additional assumption that e − A is sectorial. Regularization results for the original ill-posed problem are then established in the linear case where h = h ( t ) , and subsequently extended to nonlinear problems where h is replaced by h ( t , u ( t ) ) . We compare the two cases in terms of regularization convergence rates and apply our results to backward heat equations, both linear and nonlinear in L p ( R n ) , 1 p ∞ .
Conning the contours of South African poetry, 1970–2010

The landscape of South African fiction is well-known, but South African poetry remains—in Kelywn Sole’s phrasing—“incompletely mapped terrain.” Sole’s metaphor evokes Franco Moretti’s efforts to ma...
Young Adult Populations Face Yet Another Barrier to Care With Insurers: Limited Access to Proton Therapy.

Purpose Young patients, including pediatric, adolescent, and young adult (YA) patients, are most likely to benefit from the reduced integral dose of proton beam radiation therapy (PBT) resulting in fewer late toxicities and secondary malignancies. This study sought to examine insurance approval and appeal outcomes for PBT among YA patients compared with pediatric patients at a large-volume proton therapy center. Methods and Materials We performed a cross-sectional cohort study of 284 consecutive patients aged 0 to 39 years for whom PBT was recommended in 2018 through 2019. Pediatric patients were defined as aged 0 to 18 years and YA patients 19 to 39 years. Rates of approval, denials, and decision timelines were calculated. Tumor type and location were also evaluated as factors that may influence insurance decisions. Results A total of 207 patients (73%) were approved for PBT at initial request. YA patients (n = 68/143, 48%) were significantly less likely to receive initial approval compared with pediatric patients (n = 139/141; 99%) (P Conclusion Given the decades of survivorship of YA patients, PBT is an important tool to reduce late toxicities and secondary malignancies. Compared with pediatric patients, YA patients are significantly less likely to receive insurance approval for PBT. Insurance denials and subsequent appeal requests result in significant delays for YA patients. Insurers need to re-examine their policies to include expedited decisions and appeals and removal of arbitrary age cutoffs so that YA patients can gain easier access to PBT. Furthermore, consensus guidelines encouraging greater PBT access for YA may be warranted from both medical societies and/or AYA experts.
Molecular structure of an N-formyltransferase from Providencia alcalifaciens O30

The existence of N-formylated sugars in the O-antigens of Gram-negative bacteria has been known since the middle 1980s, but only recently have the biosynthetic pathways for their production been reported. In these pathways, glucose-1-phosphate is first activated by attachment to a dTMP moiety. This step is followed by a dehydration reaction and an amination. The last step in these pathways is catalyzed by N-formyltransferases that utilize N10-formyltetrahydrofolate as the carbon source. Here we describe the three-dimensional structure of one of these N-formyltransferases, namely VioF from Providencia alcalifaciens O30. Specifically, this enzyme catalyzes the conversion of dTDP-4-amino-4,6-dideoxyglucose (dTDP-Qui4N) to dTDP-4,6-dideoxy-4-formamido-d-glucose (dTDP-Qui4NFo). For this analysis, the structure of VioF was solved to 1.9 A resolution in both its apoform and in complex with tetrahydrofolate and dTDP-Qui4N. The crystals used in the investigation belonged to the space group R32 and demonstrated reticular merohedral twinning. The overall catalytic core of the VioF subunit is characterized by a six stranded mixed β-sheet flanked on one side by three α-helices and on the other side by mostly random coil. This N-terminal domain is followed by an α-helix and a β-hairpin that form the subunit:subunit interface. The active site of the enzyme is shallow and solvent-exposed. Notably, the pyranosyl moiety of dTDP-Qui4N is positioned into the active site by only one hydrogen bond provided by Lys 77. Comparison of the VioF model to that of a previously determined N-formyltransferase suggests that substrate specificity is determined by interactions between the protein and the pyrophosphoryl group of the dTDP-sugar substrate.
Carbocyclic substrates for de novo purine biosynthesis

The carbocyclic analogues of phosphoribosylamine, glycinamide ribonucleotide, and formylglycinamide ribonucleotide have been prepared as the racemates. Carbocyclic phosphoribosylamine was utilized as a substrate by the monofunctional glycinamide ribonucleotide synthetase from Escherichia coli as well as the glycinamide ribonucleotide synthetase activity of the eucaryotic trifunctional enzyme of de novo purine biosynthesis. Furthermore, carbocyclic glycinamide ribonucleotide was processed in the reverse reaction catalyzed by these enzymes. In addition, carbocyclic formylglycinamide ribonucleotide was converted, by E. coli formylglycinamide ribonucleotide synthetase, to carbocyclic formylglycinamidine ribonucleotide, which was accepted as a substrate by the aminoimidazole ribonucleotide synthetase activity of the trifunctional enzyme. This study has afforded carbocyclic substrate analogues, in particular for the chemically labile phosphoribosyl amine, for the initial steps of de novo purine biosynthesis.
Semiotics: mediation tools that can fill ELearning gaps

ELearning is particularly susceptible to the transference of print documents to the web which often only provides text and information tidbits to students. But researchers in the learning sciences are finding dramatic improvements in student knowledge acquisition in web-based courses that include semiotic tools. The knowledge gaps that can exist between what students know and need to learn can be filled through the use of semiotic mediation tools. The research of this study looks at why these tools can provide an important bridge between the sociocultural knowledge already existent in students and instructional content and discusses lessons learned in the compilation of the research for this study.
Effect of progesterone and diethylstilbestrol on hepatic carcinogenesis and cirrhosis in A X C rats fed N-2-fluorenyldiacetamide.

Inbred A x C strain male and female rats were fed 0.025% N-2-fluorenyldiacetamide in the diet. Progesterone or diethylstilbestrol (DES) was administered to both intact and castrated animals to evaluate their role in carcinogenesis and cirrhosis of the liver. In intact male animals given carcinogen cirrhosis was usually present. Areas of hyperplasia developed in the parenchyma and grew to become nodules which later developed into carcinomas. In male rats receiving DES cirrhosis was prevented and the incidence of tumors was markedly reduced. These results resembled those in castrated males. In female rats with or without DES cirrhosis was absent and the parenchymal lesions failed to progress beyond areas or nodules of hyperplasia. In all groups receiving DES the hyperplastic lesions were much larger and the cells in the areas of hyperplasia in female rats were often atypical. The 2 male rats receiving DES and the castrated males that developed tumors had fewer and smaller tumors/liver than the male rats. All the tumors in the DES-treated and castrated animals were well-differentiated carcinomas. By contrast progesterone increased the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in intact male castrated male and castrated female rats but did not affect the incidence in intact females. Also the tumors tended to be less differentiated carcinomas. The incidence of cirrhosis was also increased by progesterone in castrated animals of both sexes. (authors)
Mothers' online message board questions about parenting infants and toddlers.

Aim. This paper is a report of a study conducted to explore childrearing concerns through an analysis of online parenting message boards managed by popular parenting magazines. Background. Increasingly, mothers appear to be turning to the Web for childrearing advice and support. However, no previous studies have examined the childrearing concerns of mothers of infants and toddlers through the analysis of online message board postings. Design. Ethnographic content analysis methods were used to analyse the online postings. Methods. A total of 120 messages posted in 2007 by mothers of 0–2 year olds on the websites of two best-selling parenting magazines in the United States were submitted to ethnographic content analysis. Each message pertained to one or more of six childrearing domains: Feeding/Eating, Sleep, Development, Discipline, ToiletTraining and Mother–Child Relationships. Results. Questions and pleas for support were most prominently centred on feeding/ eating and sleep issues. Mothers expressed concerns about when and how their children should begin to sleep and eat independently. In addition to the themes specific to particular domains, across-domain themes were identified involving mothers’ parenting stress, questioning of advice from families/paediatricians and worries that children were not developing normally. Conclusion. Online forums have become a space where mothers can openly describe their own negative emotions towards parenting and ask questions or gain reassurance to resolve mixed messages about how one should rear infants and toddlers. Paediatric nurses should be aware that mothers are confused about conflicting messages, especially in the domains of sleeping and eating. Reviewing parenting message boards occasionally would give nurses continuing insight into common parenting concerns.
“THERE'S NOWHERE I CAN GO TO GET HELP, AND I HAVE TOOTH PAIN RIGHT NOW”: THE ORAL HEALTH SYNDEMIC AMONG MIGRANT FARMWORKERS IN FLORIDA

This article explores the syndemic interaction between poverty, food insecurity, and limited access to dental care among migrant farm laborers in Central Florida. Although a great deal of syndemic research examines the role of pathogen–pathogen interaction (PPI; Singer 2010; Ventura and Mehra 2004), social factors, such as poverty, may be of greater importance than the pathogens that infect the body (Singer and Clair 2003) and demand increased research and policy attention. The data presented in this article show how poverty, food insecurity, and limited access to dental care work synergistically to exacerbate poor health conditions, presenting a syndemic that necessitates increased attention to mitigate poverty circumstances and promote what I call “oral health security” in an effort to advocate for vulnerable populations.
Pereboom's Robust Non-reductive Physicalism

Derk Pereboom has recently elaborated a formulation of non-reductive physicalism in which supervenience does not play the central role and realization plays no role at all; he calls his formulation “robust non-reductive physicalism”. This paper argues that for several reasons robust non-reductive physicalism is inadequate as a formulation of physicalism: it can only rule out fundamental laws of physical-to-mental emergence by stipulating that there are no such laws; it fails to entail the supervenience of the mental on the physical; it appeals to two relations that are physicalistically unacceptable; and it rules out certain epistemically possible ways that the world might turn out to be according to current physics. This paper further argues that the difficulties faced by Pereboom’s robust non-reductive physicalism can all be avoided if physicalism is instead formulated by appeal to a carefully-defined relation of realization.
The effects of the presence of a third person on the physician-older patient medical interview.

Objective: To compare communication in triadic (three-person) and dyadic (two-person) older patient medical interviews and to determine the influence of the presence of a third person on the physician-older patient relationship. Design: Matched sample of dyadic and triadic audiotaped outpatient medical visits. Audiotapes were coded with the Multi-dimensional Interaction Analysis (MDIA) system. Setting: Hospital-based medical primary care group practice in a major urban teaching institution. Participants: Patients 60 years and older who were making their first visit to study physicians. In a sample of 96 audiotaped initial medical visits, 15 encounters involved three persons. These 15 cases were matched with 15 dyadic interviews for gender and race of the patient and for gender and race of the physician. Main Outcome Measures: Content, interactional processes, and specific language and communication behaviors of older patients, physicians, and third persons in the medical encounter, as measured by the MDIA system. Results: The specific content and the quality of interactional processes of physicians were not affected by the presence of a third person. However, older patients raised fewer topics in all content areas (medical, personal habits, psychosocial, and physician-patient relationship) in triads than in dyads. Overall, patients were less responsive (ie, the quality of their questioning, informing, and supportiveness was poorer) on patient-raised topics in triads than in dyads. Patients were rated as less assertive and expressive, and there was less joint decision-making and shared laughter in triads than in dyads. Patients were frequently excluded from conversations in visits in which a third person was present. Conclusions: The presence of a third person in the medical encounter changes the interactional dynamics of older patient medical interviews and may influence the development of a trusting and effective physician-older patient relationship.
Improving Teaching Practice Through Interdisciplinary Dialog

This study presents the results of a self-study of interdisciplinary work that has generated profound changes in our teaching practices. The research grew out of an interest in exploring the nature of our work and the practices that contribute to its success. Our self-study revealed that our work process consists of five stages and is the product of careful weaving of our different disciplinary lenses. The five stages are creating a collaborative environment, initial inquiry, shared inquiry, scholarly connection, and in practice and beyond. We describe these stages in detail, illustrating our use of dialog, reflection, and scholarly inquiry across our disciplines to improve our teaching.
Black Cinema Treasures: Lost and Found

Focusing on a much-neglected area of film experience in America, Black Cinema Treasures furthers the preservation of America's cultural and historic heritage, especially its African-American heritage as seen through the eyes of the African-American independent filmmakers of the 1920s through the 1950s. Ossie Davis says that the collection is one of the best sources of black "self-consciousness" in America during those decades.
It Is Complicated: Unpacking the Flow of Teacher Education’s Impact on Student Learning

Knowing that a teacher education program’s graduates affected P—12 student learning may be important, but knowing how the program prepared their graduates to affect learning is critical for ongoing...
Reaction of 5H-dibenz[b,f]azepine with t-butyl hypochlorite: An aromatic nitrenium ion intermediate?

The reaction of 5H-dibenz[b,f]azepine with t-butyl hypochlorite and this same reaction in the presence of silver(I) were studied in an attempt to generate dibenz[b,f]azatropylium, an aromatic nitrenium ion. Analysis of the product mixture from this reaction mitigate against formation of this ion. An alternate mechanism is presented.
The influence of Si/Al ratios of synthesized beta zeolites for the alkylation of isobutane with 2-butene

Abstract Alkylation of isobutane with 2-butene was performed in the liquid phase at 80 °C over beta zeolites with Si/Al ratios ranging from 6 to 30. Two different feeds (isobutane/2-butene molar ratios of 20 and 98) were utilized with the same olefin WHSV of 0.5 h −1 to investigate the influence of feed compositions as well. The zeolites used in this study were synthesized directly in order to minimize the variations in structural characteristics such as crystallinity, BET area and pore volume. The relative hydrogen transfer activity of zeolites was determined using the n -hexane cracking reaction. The hydrogen transfer activity remains almost constant for zeolites with Si/Al ratios up to 15 and then decreases with any increase in Si/Al ratio. In contrast to the common belief that a higher aluminum content zeolite is more stable for this reaction, we observed optimum Si/Al ratios of beta zeolites. This unexpected result can be attributed to the existence of an optimal level of acidity, which minimizes the formation of heavy carbonaceous materials that deactivate the catalysts. With the loss of hydrogen transfer activity, bulky carbonaceous materials causing the deactivation of zeolite were formed by poly/oligomerization inside zeolite catalysts. Moreover, we found that the cracking activity plays some role in prohibiting the formation of these heavy materials. The result of this study indicates that both high hydrogen transfer capability and cracking activity are needed to maintain the stability of zeolite catalysts during alkylation. It is also observed that a significant change in selectivity of TMPs can be effected by changing feed conditions.
Influence of the Presence of Cholesterol and Fatty Acids on Plasma Glyceride Determination in the Chick

Abstract The recent development of methods for the direct determination of glycerides in blood and tissues (Van Handel and Zilversmit, 1957; Carlson and Wadstrom, 1959; Randrup, 1960) has enabled accurate analyses of this class of lipids. The methods referred to are based on the determination of formaldehyde produced by periodic acid oxidation of glycerol. The method of Van Handel and Zilversmit (1957) assumes that cholesterol and fatty acids are not a source of interference. Carlson and Wadstrom (1959) have demonstrated that oleic acid does, in fact, interfere with the final color development; these authors introduced an extraction step in their procedure which removed cholesterol and fatty acids and thereby obviated any interference from these materials. In a recent report, Leveille et al. (1961) presented data demonstrating that cholesterol interferes with the determination of glycerides by the method of Van Handel and Zilversmit (1957). In the report of Leveille et al. (1961),…
Effects of green algal mats on bivalves in a New England mud flat

Concurrent with the spread of green algal mats on tidal flats, reports of macrofauna dieoffs under dense algal mats have increased in numbers. Bivalves seem to be particularly affected by persistent dense algal mats. Bivalve species with a long extendible siphon seem to be less affected underneath algal mats, but no distinction has been made in the past between species with short and those with long siphons,Mya arenaria andMacoma balthica, on an intertidal mudflat in New England. Abundances ofM. arenaria declined substantially during the study period when a thick green algal mat covered the mudflat for several months. Numbers of the small bivalveGemma gemma also decreased substantially, whereas abundances ofM. balthica showed minimal variation during the time of algal coverage. In algae removal/addition experiments numbers ofM. arenaria decreased, but effects were only significant in an algal addition to previously algal-free mudflat areas. Abundance ofM. balthica did not change significantly in the algal removal/additition experiments. Over the time period of the experiment (9 weeks),M. arenaria showed measurable size increase in uncovered mudflat areas, but not underneath algal mats. Similarly,M. balthica only increased in size in the uncovered mudflat area. From these results it is concluded thatM. balthica can survive time periods of dense algal coverage because it is able to penetrate through the algal mat with its long extendible siphon, and thus can reach well-oxygenated water layers above the mat.M. arenaria with its thick, less extendible, siphon cannot push through dense algal mats and therefore is more likely to die underneath persistent algal mats.
Thrombotic obliteration of the branches of the aortic arch.

This report presents the sixth case of thrombotic obliteration of the branches of the aortic arch to be documented in this country. The world's literature on this subject is reviewed and analyzed from the standpoints of clinical characteristics, etiology, and pathology.
Acute toxicity of aflatoxin B1 in the macaque monkey

Abstract Twenty-four young female macaque monkeys were given 0, 0.5, 1.5, 4.5, 13.5, or 40.5 mg of crystalline aflatoxin B 1 per kg body wt by oral administration. The LD50 for aflatoxin B 1 was 7.8 mg/kg for a test period of 148 hr. Aflatoxin B 1 could be detected in brain, liver, kidney, heart, blood, and bile in some of the animals 148 hr after toxin administration. The response of these monkeys to acutely toxic doses of aflatoxin B 1 was strikingly similar to an acute children's disease of unknown etiology seen in Thailand.
Diffraction by a Resistive Half Plane

ABSTRACT Although Maliuzhinets’ method is best suited to the solution of boundary value problems in wedge-shaped, it can also be employed when the boundary condition is replaced by a transition condition, and this is illustrated by considering the problem of a plane wave incident on a resistive half plane
Epitaxy of Si m Ge n Atomic Layer Superlattices

We report the MBE growth of various (SimGen)p atomic layer superlattices (ALS) and their characterization by Raman scattering spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction and photoluminescence. The structural properties of ALS prepared on (100) Si, (100) Ge and on various Si1-xGex (0.5<x<1) buffers were compared. Phonon peaks due to folding of acoustic modes were seen by Raman scattering spectroscopy in the frequency range 15-250 cm-1. The observed Raman spectra from the ALS were interpreted on the basis of a theoretical analysis of these systems. The study provided an estimation of the interfacial sharpness of the ALS. The photoluminescence investigation on annealed specimens revealed features between 800 and 900 meV that were ascribed to known dislocation lines in Si. No strong luminescent signal that could be unambiguously related to a direct bandgap behavior was detected.
Fabrication and Testing of a Simple “Bionic Arm” Demonstrator

Artificial or “bionic” limbs have been the subject of considerable research, TV shows, and dreams by children. The “Six Million Dollar Man” show was about a man who received artificial limbs after his own were lost in an accident. To get students interested in practical engineering, the current work showcases a simple artificial arm that produces greater force than a typical man, demonstrates the capability of Rubber Muscle Actuators (RMA), and provides a portable “arm wrestling platform” for student recruitment efforts. The actuators for “Kingsville Arm One & Two” are McKibben-like actuators made from fiber-reinforced elastomeric composites. These actuators offer excellent strength-to-weight ratios and contract similar to a human muscle. RMAs produce greater force and have less “blow-outs” than typical McKibben actuators because of optimized braid angles and ends that transfer loads through the braid fibers. Kingsville Arm One (KA1) was developed in just two weeks. It consisted of carbon/fiberglass/epoxy composite tubular bones, a metal clevis “elbow” and four RMAs. With considerable effort, a very large student was able to overcome the force generated in an “arm wrestling” contest. KA1’s actuators had end attachments that transferred loads well and enabled flexibility, but easily tore and had air leaks. Kingsville Arm Two (KA2) had new “bones” and RMAs. Although slightly smaller diameters, the KA2 RMAs produced comparable forces to the KA1 RMAs and had molded end attachments. The rigid ends did not allow as much rotation as expected and necessitated using just 2 RMAs. With only two RMAs, KA2 produced approximately the same “arm strength” as KA1. Future work will focus on flexible but durable RMA molded ends, life-like skins and a realistic “hand.”Copyright © 2010 by ASME
A semantic-based approach to component retrieval

There continues to be a great deal of pressure to design and develop information systems within a short period of time. This urgency has reinvigorated research on software reuse, particularly in component based software development. One of the major problems associated with component-based development is the difficulty in searching and retrieving reusable components that meet the requirement at hand. In part, this problem exists because of the lack of sophisticated query methods and techniques. In this research, a semantic-based approach to component retrieval is presented as a solution to this problem. This approach makes use of domain models containing the objectives, processes, actions, actors, and, an ontology of domain terms, their definitions, and relationships with other domain-specific terms. A reuse repository is developed that contains the components relevant for the creation of new applications, along with their attributes and methods. The natural language interface, domain model, and reusable repository are implemented in a prototype that uses Web and JavaBeans technologies. A sample session is provided for an online auction application to illustrate the usefulness of the proposed approach.
Interpersonal and Emotional Problem Solving Skills and Parasuicide among Women with Borderline Personality Disorder

This study examined the predictive relationship between interpersonal and emotional problem solving skills and parasuicide in a sample of 33 chronically parasuicidal outpatient women meeting criteria for borderline personality disorder. Subjects were assessed initially and at 4-month intervals for 1 year using a revised version of the Means-End Problem Solving Procedure (MEPS) and the Parasuicide History Interview. Inappropriate problem solving measured at the 4- and 8-month assessment points was a significant predictor of subsequent parasuicide. Both suicidal and nonsuicidal inappropriate responses predicted parasuicidal behavior. Active, passive, and self-soothing problem-solving strategies failed to predict. Results suggest the usefulness of differentiating interpersonal from emotional problem-solving and provide predictive validity for the modified MEPS Procedure. It appears that patient progress may be monitored by tracking MEPS problem-solving scores, and that treatment may benefit from directly tar...
A Liquid Argon Heavy Ion Ionization Detector

We have made a preliminary study of liquid ionization chambers devices as detectors of heavy ions. It appears that the extremely recombinant track structure and energy loss fluctuations limit energy resolution. If this can be overcome and the energy resolution improved, the detector could be a useful device for long range (.7 to 3.5 gm/cm/sup 2/ argon) charged particles.
Usefulness of Ultrahigh Resolution Microstructural Studies for Understanding Localized Corrosion Behavior of Al Alloys

The corrosion behavior of different tempers of two aluminum alloys, AA7050 and an experimental Al-Mg-Cu-Si alloy, was studied in NaCl solution by anodic polarization and scanning electron microscopy and was correlated with differences in the microstructure. Potentiodynamic polarization experiments were performed on samples from the exact sheets used by others to study the microstructure evolution during the early stages of the precipitation sequence by high-resolution characterization tools [i.e., high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and atom probe tomography (APT)]. The usefulness of information from these state-of-the-art tools to lead to a better understanding about the effects of nanoscale segregation on localized corrosion of aluminum alloys is discussed. APT was able to provide information about the composition of the solid solution matrix region between the fine-scale hardening particles, which is not possible by any other technique. Some of the changes in corrosion behavior, e.g., the breakdown potentials, with temper could be rationalized based on changes in the matrix composition. The formation of corrosion-susceptible surface layers on as-polished AA7050 depended on the predominant type of hardening particle. The lack of detailed knowledge of the grain boundary region limited the applicability of the microstructural information generated by previous studies for understanding intergranular corrosion.