cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Results of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty of high-risk angulated stenoses☆

Abstract Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) of angulated stenoses has been found in studies using older PTCA equipment to be associated with a heightened risk of procedure-related major ischemic events. To better understand the factors associated with procedural risk and to identify means of lessening that risk, 100 patients, treated sequentially from 1986 to 1989, who underwent PTCA of stenoses located at ≥45 ° bends, were characterized for 27 clinical, anatomic and procedural variables. Clinical outcome of angioplasty was related to these variables. In addition, results from 344 consecutive contemporary patients undergoing PTCA of nonangulated lesions were compared to those of the study group. Procedural success was achieved in only 70% of patients with angulated stenoses, compared with 306 of 344 (89%) nonangulated stenoses, and major ischemic complications (death, bypass surgery or myocardial infarction) occurred in 13% of patients with angulated stenoses compared with 12 of 344 (3.5%) with nonangulated stenoses (both p 10 mm or age ≥65 years led to an even higher risk of major complications (9 of 44 = 20.5%), whereas highly experienced angioplasty operators and the use of polyethylene terephthalate balloons appeared to decrease risk and increase the likelihood of success. PTCA of such stenoses should be undertaken only cautiously and in carefully selected patients.
Case Study of Interagency Coordinating Councils Examining Collaboration in Services for Children with Disabilities

Children with disabilities often require a variety of services to develop to their full potential. Currently, centralized services and residential institutions have become less accepted as a matter of course. Interagency Coordinating Councils (ICCs) were created to lead integration of services for children with disabilities in the context of decentralized service provision and a growing preference for person-centered, community-based services. In this article, the authors examine the federal ICC and several state ICCs in a case study of the challenges associated with orchestrating multilevel interagency collaboration. Emergent themes of interorganizational infrastructure, the shaping of participation, and service purposes and priorities are discussed as important elements of the ongoing creation of a new governance of services for children with disabilities.
Transcriptional control of renal collecting duct development.

METANEPHRIC KIDNEY DEVELOPMENT is a complex process involving maturational changes and reciprocal signaling between epithelial and mesenchymal tissues. Over the last 15–20 years, the number of reports on kidney development has increased, with the vast majority focused on early events such as interactions between the ureteric bud and metanephric mesenchyme, ureteric bud branching morphogenesis, and induction of glomeruli and nephrons (1, 14). Although these events are clearly important, another critical process is the maturation and differentiation of distal portions of the ureteric bud into specialized collecting duct epithelia. In fact, failure of the normal maturation of the ureteric bud into collecting ducts is likely one of the causes of renal dysplasia in humans (12). The report by Saifudeen et al. (9) in this issue of American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology is another in a series of elegant reports from Dr. Samir El-Dahr’s laboratory that begin to dissect out the molecular control of collecting duct differentiation and maturation. The ureteric bud arises as an outgrowth of the nephric duct at around 5 wk gestation in the human and embryonic day 11 (E11) in the mouse and E12 in the rat (6). Once it makes contact with the surrounding metanephric mesenchyme, it undergoes a series of dichotomous branchings. The terminal tips of the ureteric bud induce the formation of nephrons from the surrounding mesenchyme. Ultimately, the main trunk of the ureteric bud gives rise to the mature ureter, whereas the early branches become the renal pelvis and calices. The distal branches of the ureteric bud fuse with the developing nephrons (from the mesenchyme) and mature into the heterogeneous collecting duct epithelia to generate functional units in the kidney. The genetic control of distal ureteric bud maturation has
Perception, binocular fusion, and an image theory of classical conditioning.

According to an image theory of classical conditioning and a theory of images, after viewing a visual complex consisting of S1 and S2, focusing on S1 should lead to two types of temporary brain events (Ts), Ta1, produced directly by receptor stimulation, and Ts2, produced through learning by way of S1. It is assumed that in everyday perception Ts1 and Ts2 combine by a binocular-fusion-like process. This idea makes sense, partly because both in everyday perception and in binocular fusion Ts1 and Ts2 appear to combine to yield a report of a single, composite, smoothly integrated whole. The present proposal is compared to Hebb's and Konorski's views of perception.
Extracting Structured Information via Automatic + Human Computation

We present a system for extracting structured information from unstructured text using a combination of information retrieval, natural language processing, machine learning, and crowdsourcing. We test our pipeline by building a structured database of gun violence incidents in the United States. The results of our pilot study demonstrate that the proposed methodology is a viable way of collecting large-scale, up-todate data for public health, public policy, and social science research.
Street Vending and Organizing in the Neoliberal City

In this essay, I analyze grassroots organizing around street vending in New York City since 2003 paying particular attention to the debates surrounding vending in the city and the way the issue has been framed by activists and government officials alike. I argue that street vendor organizers have framed their campaigns and articulated their demands by drawing on neoliberal discourses as well as gendered constructs and alternative notions of citizenship. Grassroots activists and their supporters have framed the demands of street vendors appealing to ideas of free enterprise and individualism. These frames resonate with prevailing discourses of neoliberal forms of urban governance that emphasize individual entrepreneurship and targeted state intervention in the market. Simultaneously, activists base their demands on notions of recognition and respect as humans independently of legal status. Gendered notions of family and women’s roles within it are also central to the framing of street vendor demands.
Climate policy under socio-economic scenario uncertainty

We study the role of uncertainty about the two main baseline drivers of the economy, namely population and GDP, for the determination of the optimal climate policy and the evaluation of policy costs. Firstly, we estimate the cost of baseline uncertainty from a decision maker's perspective using different metrics. Secondly, we discuss how measures of the costs of climate change induced impacts and climate policy costs can be compared under different and uncertain baseline assumptions. Given that policy costs and other measures such as impacts are typically expressed relative to GDP in a baseline, comparing those values with different baseline projections is not trivial. Finally, we compute the cost from baseline uncertainty which leads to a moderate increase of the welfare losses from climate change. Uncertainty in climate-economy models also applies to GDP and population.The degree of such uncertainty can be assessed using several widely used metrics of uncertainty.To compute and compare policy costs, the CEBGE provides a useful general measure.Socio-economic uncertainty increases the welfare costs of climate change impacts.
TRAINING MUSIC MAJORS IN COLLEGE TO THINK CREATIVELY WITH SOUNDS AND WORDS

72 college music majors were randomly assigned to 4 treatment groups of equal numbers. Some were exposed to 3 creative thinking strategies and encouraged to brainstorm in their groups for a period of 400 min. Positive transfer of training supports the use of the procedures to encourage music students to think creatively with sounds and words.
Leukotriene A4 Hydrolase and Tri-aminopeptidase Activity as Potential Quantifiable Biomarkers in the Study of Patients With COPD

A newly described inflammatory pathway begins with the breakdown of collagen resulting in proline-glycine-proline (PGP). This acts as a chemoattractant for neutrophils and as a substrate for the tri-aminopeptidase (TAP) site of leukotriene A4 hydrolase (LTA4H). LTA4H produces a proinflammatory molecule leukotriene B4 (LTB4) and has an anti-inflammatory role by degrading PGP. Cigarette smoke causes TAP inhibition in animal models and in …
FPIN's Clinical Inquiries. Screening for autism spectrum disorders.

There are no studies directly comparing the various screening tools. The Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT) is the tool most commonly used by physicians, followed by the Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (CHAT). All other tools account for about 3% of usage.
Levamisole in the Treatment of Non-invasive and Invasive Bladder Cancer: A Preliminary Report

AbstractWe have done a double-blind, randomized, controlled study on 37 patients with transitional cell carcinoma in which levamisole was used as an immune adjuvant in addition to the standard therapy for non-invasive and invasive bladder cancer. Levamisole is administered easily and is well tolerated, especially when compared to other immune adjuvants, such as bacillus Calmette-Guerin or Corynebacterium parvum. Recall antigens, dinitrochlorobenzene reactivity and total lymphocyte count demonstrated little correlation to the initial stage of disease. Monocyte chemotaxis was increased significantly in patients receiving levamisole. Since our study is ongoing no data exist as yet to make any statement regarding the efficacy of levamisole in the treatment of bladder cancer.
Excerpt from Florida Elements of an Action 2016-2017 Edition

This is an excerpt from Florida Elements of an Action by Patrick John McGinley. The publisher, Thomson Reuters, grants permission for educational use of this material as part of McGinley's class "Florida Constitutional Law" as presented at the Barry University Dwayne O. Andreas School of Law in 2016-2017. Copyright 2016. All rights reserved.
Ionic regulation in the freshwater mussel,Ligumia subrostrata (Say)

The freshwater mussel,Ligumia subrostrata, maintains an ionic and osmotic steady state in an artificial pond water. Blood osmolality is 50 mOsm/l with Na, Ca, HCO3 and Cl accounting for 90% of the total solute. Steady state unidirectional influx of Na and Cl from pond water are 1.1±0.2 and 1.5±0.4 μEq/g dry tissue·hr, respectively. The transepithelial potential,in vivo, is −15±5 mV in pond water but both Na and Cl are actively transported, independently, by non0electrogenic mechanisms. Exposure of the mussels to distilled water results in a loss of blood Na and Cl and stimulates influx 2–5 times control levels when returned to pond water.
Community-Based Family Literacy Program: Comparing Different Durations and Family Characteristics

The current study investigated the influence of the community-based family literacy program on parent’s and children’s engagement in family reading practices and language/literacy activities at home. Parent’s and children’s engagement in family reading practices and language/literacy activities based on different family characteristics and the lengths of program attended were compared. Six-week and four-week Family Storyteller Program for Preschoolers series were taught between 2013 and 2015. Three hundred seventy-five parents completed both presurveys and postsurveys. Parents showed promising results in enhancing parents’ and child’s engagement in family reading practices and language/literacy activities at home after participating in the intervention. It was also found that durations of the program and family characteristics were correlated to different outcomes.
Direct-Liquid-Evaporation Chemical Vapor Deposition of Nanocrystalline Cobalt Metal for Nanoscale Copper Interconnect Encapsulation.

In advanced microelectronics, precise design of liner and capping layers become critical, especially when it comes to the fabrication of Cu interconnects with dimensions lower than its mean free path. Herein, we demonstrate that direct-liquid-evaporation chemical vapor deposition (DLE-CVD) of Co is a promising method to make liner and capping layers for nanoscale Cu interconnects. DLE-CVD makes pure, smooth, nanocrystalline, and highly conformal Co films with highly controllable growth characteristics. This process allows full Co encapsulation of nanoscale Cu interconnects, thus stabilizing Cu against diffusion and electromigration. Electrical measurements and high-resolution elemental imaging studies show that the DLE-CVD Co encapsulation layer can improve the reliability and thermal stability of Cu interconnects. Also, with the high conductivity of Co, the DLE-CVD Co encapsulation layer have the potential to further decrease the power consumption of nanoscale Cu interconnects, paving the way for Cu inte...
Developing state diagrams using a state specialization technique

A state diagram models the dynamic aspect of a class or a system, representing its behavior over its lifetime. Our survey shows that there are few systematic methods of developing state diagrams. In this paper, we present a systematic method of developing state diagrams using a state specialization technique. Our method identifies meaningful states of a target class before a state diagram is constructed. We use three state-identification rules - statevalued attributes, association paths, and conditions stated in integrity constraints. By using our technique, system designers will be able to systematically identify interesting and meaningful states.
Mining lake time series using symbolic representation

Sensor networks deployed in lakes and reservoirs, when combined with simulation models and expert knowledge from the global community, are creating deeper understanding of the ecological dynamics of lakes. However, the amount of data and the complex patterns in the data demand substantial compute resources and efficient data mining algorithms, both of which are beyond the realm of traditional limnological research. This paper uniquely adapts methods from computer science for application to data intensive ecological questions, in order to provide ecologists with approachable methodology to facilitate knowledge discovery in lake ecology. We apply a state-of-the-art time series mining technique based on symbolic representation (SAX) to high-frequency time series of phycocyanin (PHYCO) and chlorophyll (CHLORO) fluorescence, both of which are indicators of algal biomass in lakes, as well as model predictions of algal biomass (MODEL). We use data mining techniques to demonstrate that MODEL predicts PHYCO better than it predicts CHLORO. All time series have high redundancy, resulting in a relatively small subset of unique patterns. However, MODEL is much less complex than either PHYCO or CHLORO and fails to reproduce high biomass periods indicative of algal blooms. We develop a set of tools in R to enable motif discovery and anomaly detection within a single lake time series, and relationship study among multiple lake time series through distance metrics, clustering and classification. Furthermore, to improve computation times, we provision web services to launch R tools remotely on high performance computing (HPC) resources. Comprehensive experimental results on observational and simulated lake data demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach.
Metabolic Acidosis or Respiratory Alkalosis? Evaluation of a Low Plasma Bicarbonate Using the Urine Anion Gap

Hypobicarbonatemia, or a reduced bicarbonate concentration in plasma, is a finding seen in 3 acid-base disorders: metabolic acidosis, chronic respiratory alkalosis and mixed metabolic acidosis and chronic respiratory alkalosis. Hypobicarbonatemia due to chronic respiratory alkalosis is often misdiagnosed as a metabolic acidosis and mistreated with the administration of alkali therapy. Proper diagnosis of the cause of hypobicarbonatemia requires integration of the laboratory values, arterial blood gas, and clinical history. The information derived from the urinary response to the prevailing acid-base disorder is useful to arrive at the correct diagnosis. We discuss the use of urine anion gap, as a surrogate marker of urine ammonium excretion, in the evaluation of a patient with low plasma bicarbonate concentration to differentiate between metabolic acidosis and chronic respiratory alkalosis. The interpretation and limitations of urine acid-base indexes at bedside (urine pH, urine bicarbonate, and urine anion gap) to evaluate urine acidification are discussed.
Primary Malignancy Is an Independent Determinant of Morbidity and Mortality after Liver Resection.

Abstract Although outcomes after liver resection have improved, there remains considerable perioperative morbidity and mortality with these procedures. Studies suggest a primary liver cancer diagnosis is associated with poorer outcomes, but the extent to which this is attributable to a higher degree of hepatic dysfunction is unclear. To better delineate this, we performed a matched pair analysis of primary versus metastatic malignancies using a national database. The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (2005-2013) was analyzed to select elective liver resections. Diagnoses were sorted as follows: 1) primary liver cancers and 2) metastatic neoplasms. A literature review identified factors known to impact hepatectomy outcomes; these variables were evaluated by a univariate analysis. The most predictive factors were used to create similar groups from each diagnosis category via propensity matching. Multivariate regression was used to validate results in the wider study population. Outcomes were compared using chi-squared test and Fisher exact test. Matched groups of 4838 patients were similar by all variables, including indicators of liver function. A number of major complications were significantly more prevalent with a primary diagnosis; overall major morbidity rates in the metastatic and primary groups were 29.3 versus 41.6 per cent, respectively. The mortality rate for primary neoplasms was 4.6 per cent (vs 1.6%); this represents a risk of death nearly three-times greater (95% confidence interval = 2.20-3.81, P < 0.0001) in cancers of hepatic origin. Hepatectomy carries substantially higher perioperative risk when performed for primary liver cancers, independent of hepatic function and resection extent. This knowledge will help to improve treatment planning, patient education, and resource allocation in oncologic liver resection.
The Econometrics of International Economic Instability

Abstract Considerable progress has been made in the last twenty years in building and simulating econometric models of international economic interrelationships. This paper describes the principal linkages which make up international econometric models. Examples presented include the work of Adams and Behrman (1982) on export instability and economic growth, a global model of oil price impacts (Adams and Marquez (1982)), and the Project LINK world model system of Klein and his associates (Klein (1976)). New challenges to international econometric modeling come from questions of international debts, exchange rates, technological change and transfer, and industrial policies.
Category Uncertainty and Contingent Preferences for Generalists and Specialists

Work by economic sociologists who study the effects of categorization systems on market outcomes has led to a prominent inconsistency. Early extant evidence suggests that social actors who incorporate characteristics from multiple categories, thereby spanning them, are evaluated poorly relative to their more focused peers. However, other work has reached the opposite conclusion by demonstrating that category spanning result in advantages. We attempt to reconcile this contradiction by suggesting that rewards to generalism and specialism are contingent on the goals of the evaluators. Specifically, we suggest that evaluators differ in the uncertainty that they are attempting to resolve when making market decision. We portray a model of decision making that details how a buyer’s needs can span a across categories. We conceptualize this as categorical ‘slots’ to be filled. We hypothesize that increasing uncertainty a buyer is seeking will lead to a greater breadth of these categorical ‘slots’ to be filled than...
Constraints on patchy reionization from Planck CMB temperature trispectrum

We present constraints on the patchy reionization by measuring the trispectrum of the Planck 2015 cosmic microwave background (CMB) temperature anisotropies. The patchy reionization leads to anisotropies in the CMB optical depth, and the statistics of the observed CMB anisotropies is altered. We estimate the trispectrum of the CMB temperature anisotropies to constrain spatial variation of the optical depth. We show that the measured trispectrum is consistent with that from the standard lensed CMB simulation at $2\ensuremath{\sigma}$. While no evidence of the patchy reionization is found in the Planck 2015 temperature trispectrum, the CMB constraint on the patchy reionization is significantly improved from previous works. Assuming the analytic bubble-halo model of Wang and Hu (2006), the constraint obtained in this work rules out the typical bubble size at the ionization fraction of $\ensuremath{\sim}0.5$ as $R\ensuremath{\gtrsim}10\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{Mpc}$. Further, our constraint implies that large-scale $B$-modes from the patchy reionization are not a significant contamination in detecting the primordial gravitational waves of $r\ensuremath{\gtrsim}0.001$ if the $B$ mode induced by the patchy reionization is described by Dvorkin et al. (2009). The CMB trispectrum data starts to provide meaningful constraints on the patchy reionization.
Femoral impaction grafting

Abstract Femoral impaction grafting is a utilitarian technique for femoral defects. With modern implants, its role may be limited to Paprosky 3B and 4 type femoral deficiencies, especially in the younger patient. With appropriate technique, mid- and long-term results have proven this technique to be globally reliable. Periprosthetic fracture is not uncommon with this technique; however, strategies to mitigate the risk have been developed. A thorough understanding of the history, technique, results and complications of this technique is essential for the revision hip surgeon in order to obtain successful results in the most complex femoral reconstruction cases.
Applying the Foundational Concepts from Early Intervention to Services Provided to Young Children with Visual Impairments: A Literature Review:

IntroductionThe foundational concepts of early intervention are: family-centered and relationship-based practices, natural environments, child learning, adult learning, and quality team practices (...
Women and Family Life: Introduction

Understanding motherhood—the shared concern of the papers that follow—hardly exhausts the theme of Women and Family Life, but it raises a complex of issues that are crucial to the future of women and families in our society. These are not narrowly “women’s issues” (as if there were such a thing), since they affect all family members; and they are not issues whose significance ends at the borders of the family, since they concern the capacities and possible forms of fulfillment of women (and, indirectly, of men) in general. Nevertheless, the context of motherhood is surely an appropriate point at which to consider aspects of these larger issues, since, given our patriarchal inheritance, this has been the point of much debate and struggle over the proper roles of women in society and the forms family life should take.
Plant Genetic Systems with Potential for the Detection of Atmospheric Mutagens

Higher plant genetic systems for the detection and monitoring of environmental mutagens have been described (1–5). In contrast to microbes, insects and mammals, few plant genetic systems have been developed primarily for research in environmental mutagenesis. Although other plant genetic systems have been used, the Tradescantia stamen hair and micronucleus systems are the only ones for which an appreciable amount of data on atmospheric mutagens is available (see Schairer et al. and Ma et al., these Proceedings).
The Spirituality of Age: A Seeker’s Guide to Growing Older, by Robert L. Weber and Carol Orsborn

A substantial number of books on the spirituality of aging have been published in the past decade. For example, I have read titles written by the Franciscan monk Richard Rohr, the Benedictine nun J...
Assessing alignment between functional markers and ordinal outcomes based on broad sense agreement

Functional markers and their quantitative features (eg, maximum value, time to maximum, area under the curve [AUC], etc) are increasingly being used in clinical studies to diagnose diseases. It is thus of interest to assess the diagnostic utility of functional markers by assessing alignment between their quantitative features and an ordinal gold standard test that reflects the severity of disease. The concept of broad sense agreement (BSA) has recently been introduced for studying the relationship between continuous and ordinal measurements, and provides a promising tool to address such a question. Our strategy is to adopt a general class of summary functionals (SFs), each of which flexibly captures a different quantitative feature of a functional marker, and study its alignment according to an ordinal outcome via BSA. We further illustrate the proposed framework using three special classes of SFs (AUC-type, magnitude-specific, and time-specific) that are widely used in clinical settings. The proposed BSA estimator is proven to be consistent and asymptotically normal given a consistent estimator for the SF. We further provide an inferential framework for comparing a pair of candidate SFs in terms of their importance on the ordinal outcome. Our simulation results demonstrate satisfactory finite-sample performance of the proposed framework. We demonstrate the application of our methods using a renal study.
Studies of metals in soil, sediments, and selected food in Southwest Louisiana

This review provides a background of Southwest Louisiana with a large petrochemical industry, potential for accidental spillage, and location in hurricane alley impacting on large seafood and recre...
CNS and CNP Iron(II) Mono-Iron Hydrogenase (Hmd) Mimics: Role of Deprotonated Methylene(acyl) and the trans-Acyl Site in H2 Heterolysis.

We report syntheses and H2 activation involving model complexes of mono-iron hydrogenase (Hmd) derived from acyl-containing pincer ligand precursors bearing thioether (CNSPre) or phosphine (CNPPre)...
Gentrifier: by John Joe Schlictman, Jason Patch, and Marc Lamont Hill. Toronto, ON: University of Toronto Press, 2017. 256pp. $29.95 Hardcover. ISBN: 9781442650459.

The topic of gentrification has received much attention in the past decade, both within academia and throughout popular culture. Given the scope and intensity of its impacts, depictions are often p...
Citrus peelminer Marmara gulosa Guillèn and Davis (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae)

The citrus peelminer is a dark-gray moth with mottled white and brown markings and about 4 mm in length. This moth is considered native in the United States, attacking willow. It is believed that a host-shift occurred to multiple non-native plants including all varieties of citrus and certain ornamentals, such as oleander. Citrus peelminer has been reported to occur in low numbers in Florida and at least three Marmara species have been identified in the state. Recent evaluations of an experimental pheromone lure that is still under development by researchers at the University of California, Riverside have confirmed captures of citrus peelminer (Marmara sp.) in Polk County, Florida. This 3-page fact sheet was written by Lukasz L. Stelinski and published by the UF Department of Entomology and Nematology, April 2013. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/in985
The effect of traditional supervision and telephone supervision on treatment compliance of tuberculosis patients in county and township

Objective To compare the intervention effect between telephone supervision mode and traditional supervision mode in pulmonary tuberculosis cases in rural areas. Methods The tuberculosis patients from tuberculosis clinic of Xiangshan Center for Disease Control and Prevention from 2014 to 2015 were randomly divided into two groups: telephone supervision group and traditional supervision group. There were 180 pulmonary tuberculosis patients investigated. Among them, 107 patients were in traditional supervision group and 73 patients were in telephone supervision group. The compliance and treatment outcome of the two groups were compared. Results The rates of consultation delay in traditional supervision group and telephone supervision group were 44.86% (48/107) and 19.18% (14/73). The difference was statistically significant (χ2=12.675, P<0.01). The regular medicine taking rate, regular reexamination rate, regular medicine getting rate and cure rate/completed treatment rate in telephone supervision group were all higher than those in traditional supervision group (83.56% vs 49.53% , 97.26% vs 82.24%, 94.52% vs 71.03%, 97.26% vs 79.44%). The differences were statistically significant. (χ2=21.638, 9.496, 15.290 and 11.926, P all <0.01). Conclusions The compliance and therapeutic effects in pulmonary tuberculosis patients with telephone supervision are better than traditional supervision ones. Therefore, the telephone supervision mode should be promoted among patients in rural areas. Key words: Tuberculosis, pulmonary; Telephone supervision; Treatment compliance
Perspectives from Young Partnered Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who Have Sex with Men on the Adaptation of Couples HIV Testing and Counseling (CHTC).

Young gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (YGBMSM) are a priority population for HIV prevention efforts. Although there has been a growing focus on dyadic HIV prevention interventions for same-gender male couples, the unique needs of partnered YGBMSM have been largely overlooked. In this qualitative study, we explored partnered YGBMSM’s perceptions of existing HIV prevention interventions to inform the design of a relationship-focused HIV prevention intervention. Between July and November 2018, we conducted in-depth interviews with 30 young partnered YGBMSM (mean age = 17.8, SD = 1.1). Participants described that interventions were needed to address skills regarding: (1) implicit versus explicit communication about sexual agreements; (2) boundary setting and identifying signs of abusive relationships; and (3) relationship dynamics (e.g., trust). Participants noted the absence of inclusive sexual education for them; thus, findings suggest that the provision of relationship skills training are requisites for HIV prevention interventions with YGBMSM in the US.
Toward a More Energy Efficient Data Center – Photonics Role

This presentation will look at co-packaged optics to reduce power consumption in the data center while considering some of the challenges ahead. We will also discuss other opportunities for energy savings and how photonics can enable it.
Geometry of Quantum Hall States: Gravitational Anomaly and Transport Coefficients

We show that universal transport coefficients of the fractional quantum Hall effect (FQHE) can be understood as a response to variations of spatial geometry. Some transport properties are essentially governed by the gravitational anomaly. We develop a general method to compute correlation functions of FQH states in a curved space, where local transformation properties of these states are examined through local geometric variations. We introduce the notion of a generating functional and relate it to geometric invariant functionals recently studied in geometry. We develop two complementary methods to study the geometry of the FQHE. One method is based on iterating a Ward identity, while the other is based on a field theoretical formulation of the FQHE through a path integral formalism.
Prevalence and Clinical Correlates of Intracranial Dolichoectasia in Individuals With Ischemic Stroke.

Background and purpose Acute ischemic stroke is a known complication of intracranial dolichoectasia (IDE). However, the frequency of IDE causing brain infarction is unknown. We aim to determine the prevalence and clinical correlates of IDE in acute ischemic stroke by employing an objective IDE definition for major intracranial arteries of the anterior and posterior circulation. Methods Consecutive patients with acute ischemic stroke admitted to a tertiary-care hospital during a 4-month period were analyzed. Intracranial arterial diameter, length, and tortuosity were determined by semiautomatic vessel segmentation and considered abnormal if ≥2 SDs from the study population mean. Either ectasia (increased diameter) or dolichosis (increased length or tortuosity) of at least one proximal intracranial artery defined IDE. Symptomatic IDE was considered when the infarct was located in the territory supplied by an affected artery in the absence of any alternative pathogenic explanation. Multivariate models were fitted to determine IDE clinical correlates. Results Among 211 cases screened, 200 patients (mean age 67±14 years, 47.5% men) with available intracranial vessel imaging were included. IDE was identified in 24% cases (5% with isolated ectasia, 9.5% with isolated dolichosis, and 9.5% with both ectasia and dolichosis). IDE was considered the most likely pathogenic mechanism in 12 cases (6% of the entire cohort), which represented 23.5% of strokes initially categorized as undetermined cause. In addition, 21% of small-artery occlusion strokes had the infarct territory supplied by a dolichoectatic vessel (3% of the entire cohort). IDE was independently associated with male sex (odds ratio, 4.2 [95% CI, 1.7-10.6]) and its component of ectasia was associated with advanced age (odds ratio, 3.5 [95% CI, 1.3-9.5]). Vascular risk profile was similar across patients with stroke with and without IDE. Conclusions Our findings suggest that IDE is an arteriopathy frequently found in patients with acute ischemic stroke and is likely responsible for a sizable fraction of strokes initially categorized as of undetermined cause and perhaps also in those with small-artery occlusion.
Legislative Coalitions and Presidential Signing Statements

We examine how the congressional coalition in favor of a law affects the probability of the president appending a positive or negative signing statement to it. Our results show that coalitions matter—presidents consider the power and status of a law's sponsor and the composition of its cosponsorship coalition when deciding whether to offer praise or raise concerns. Moreover, the factors driving praise and criticism differ from one another in important ways. These analyses demonstrate the value of assessing the valence of a signing statement rather than just its presence, and of extending the focus of research on signing statements beyond aggregate factors to investigate how the context surrounding a particular law shapes the president's reaction to it.
Mathematical Ciphers: From Caesar to RSA

Introduction Caesar cipher Terminology and results from number theory Modular arithmetic Describing the Caesar cipher mathematically Cryptanalysis for the Caesar cipher Multiplication cipher Cryptanalysis for the multiplication cipher Multiplication-shift cipher Cryptanalysis for the multiplication-shift cipher Non-mathematical substitution ciphers Preparing to generalize Finding inverses modulo $n$ General multiplication-shift cipher Security of the general multiplication-shift cipher Introduction to the exponential cipher Deciphering the exponential cipher Cryptanalysis for the exponential cipher Mathematical basis for the exponential cipher Public key ciphers RSA cipher Signatures Security and implementation of the RSA cipher Computer programs Further reading Answers to selected exercises Index.
Microbial Diversity in Acidic High-Temperature Steam Vents

Fumaroles represent one of the most abundant and understudied geothermal features on Earth. Recent discoveries of microorganisms transported in steam from the subsurface have increased interest in these extreme habitats. Isolation of environmental DNA from high-temperature low-pH steam deposits poses considerable challenges and has foiled many previous studies. We examined samples of steam deposits collected from steam caves/vents in three national parks, Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, Yellowstone National Park, and Lassen Volcanic National Park, and other more remote international sites for their chemical constituents and microbial populations. DNA culture-independent analysis of condensed steam generated from the subsurface showed that it carried halophilic organisms (Archaea), despite a paucity of dissolved ions. Several of these halophiles were also cultivated from the Hawaiian steam deposit samples. As found in previous studies, DNA isolation from deposits in direct contact with subsurface steam proved to be refractory to isolation in many of the cave/vent deposit samples. However, our modifications of existing DNA extraction methods yielded DNA in half of the samples, providing the first evidence of Archaea in steam deposit habitats. BLAST analysis of the resulting 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that sulfur steam caves and vents were inhabited by Sulfolobus and Acidianus. Nonsulfur cave inhabitants were represented by novel Crenarchaeota, and Hawaiian samples contained novel lineages related to ammonia-oxidizing Archaea in the newly proposed Thaumarchaeota. The 50 % of samples that proved to be refractory to DNA isolation eventually yielded cultures that were shown to be related to Sulfolobus or unknown Archaea. Recent culture-independent analysis of bacterial diversity in these habitats found them to be a complex and heterogeneous habitat composed of many extremophile lineages. These results show fumaroles to be a rich source of microorganisms that represent new and unknown microbes.
Abnormal immune response to infection of the dental pulp: Report of a case

The following case illustrates an unusual response by the dental pulp to caries in an immunodeficient patient. The patient, a 14-year-old boy, suffered from thymic dysplasia and IgA deficiency. Deep dentinal caries produced relatively little destruction of the pulp and only a mild inflammatory response, in spite of the presence of a large number of bacteria in the pulp chamber. The patient's immunologic disorder was diagnosed as hereditary combined immunodeficiency of unknown type. However, it may have been a variant of Nezelof's syndrome.
FINE STRUCTURE OF MYCOTA. XI. OCCURRENCE OF THE GOLGI DICTYOSOME IN THE HETEROBASIDIOMYCETE PUCCINIA PODOPHYLLI.

Abstract Moore, Royall T. (University of California, Berkeley). Fine structure of mycota. XI. Occurrence of the Golgi dictyosome in the heterobasidiomycete Puccinia podophylli. J. Bacteriol. 86:866–871. 1963.—The Golgi dictyosome is reported for the first time in the subclass Heterobasidiomycetidae in the rust Puccinia podophylli Schw. It is observed that the dictyosome appears to be limited to primordial cells, particularly those nearest the host, and does not occur in the aeciospores. In comparison with the Golgi systems of plant and animal cells, the Golgi complex of P. podophylli is found to be more similar to those of the latter. Also discussed is the distribution of the Golgi complex in fungi described in published reports and the need for more such reports so that the range of its variation and distribution may be established.
Justice through Pragmatism and Process: A Tribute to Judge Denny Chin

Judge Denny Chin has distinguished himself as a great trial judge. Although his unique status, as the first Asian American named a U.S. District Judge east of the Mississippi,1 and his unusual personal background, having grown up in a one-room apartment above an adult theatre in New York City,2 have attracted considerable attention, his extensive record deserves to be recognized for the balance he has brought to official decision making. Judge Chin has shown himself to be a pragmatist in the truest sense: he considers the consequences of his actions.3
LABORATORY STUDIES BEARING ON PIGMENT PATTERN POLYMORPHISMS IN WILD POPULATIONS OF RANA PIPIENS

Data are presented for 2,393 progeny from a number of crosses related to a study in ecological genetics of the Burnsi and Kandiyohi polymorphisms in natural populations of the leopard frog, Rana pipiens . No significant differences in viability were found between wild-type homozygotes (+/+) and Burnsi heterozygotes ( B /+) or homozygotes ( B/B ). Similarly, no difference in viability was found between wild-type (+/+) and Kandiyohi heterozygotes ( K /+) and homozygotes ( K/K ). However, there appears to be slight reduction in viability of the double dominant heterozygote ( B /+; K /+) in comparison with (+/+), ( B /+), and ( K /+) progeny from the same cross.—The Kandiyohi heterozygotes ( K /+) appeared to have a more rapid rate of development from fertilization through metamorphosis than wild-type (+/+) or Burnsi ( B +/) or Burnsi-Kandiyohi heterozygotes ( B + K /+). Since Kandiyohi is associated primarily with the prairie habitat (Merrell 1965), this finding suggests that the adaptive advantage of Kandiyohi lies in the more rapid rate of development of frogs carrying this gene, enabling them to complete metamorphosis before the prairie breeding ponds dry up.—Data are presented from crosses involving dorsal spot number. The results suggest that heredity plays a role in the determination of dorsal spot number but that non-genetic influences are also of considerable importance.—The results of these crosses are discussed with respect to their bearing on the formation of pigment patterns in Rana pipiens . From the available data it is clear that the pigment pattern in Rana pipiens is a complex trait influenced by major gene loci, by modifying genes, and by environmental effects. The relative importance of these factors varies depending on the particular combination of genetic and environmental conditions.
Stability of thiopental sodium and propofol in polypropylene syringes at 23 and 4 degrees C

The stability of thiopental sodium and propofol in an admixture stored in polypropylene syringes at room temperature and under refrigeration was studied. Propofol injection 10 mg/ mL and thiopental sodium 25 mg/mL were mixed to final concentrations of 5 and 12.5 mg/mL, respectively. The admixture was put into 60-mL polypropylene syringes, and two syringes were stored at 23 degrees C and two at 4 degrees C. For solutions stored at 23 degrees C, samples were taken at 0, 4, 8, 24, 48, 72, 120, 168, 216, 240, and 264 hours, and for samples stored at 4 degrees C, samples were taken at 0, 4, 8, 24, 48, 72, 120, 168, 216, and 312 hours. Drug concentrations were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. Thiopental sodium and propofol retained > 90% of their initial concentrations for up to 312 hours at 4 degrees C. At 23 degrees C, > 90% of the initial concentration was retained by propofol for up to 120 hours and by thiopental sodium for up to 240 hours. No visual changes or significant change in pH occurred in any sample. When mixed and stored in polypropylene syringes, propofol 5 mg/mL and thiopental sodium 12.5 mg/mL were stable for up to 312 hours at 4 degrees C and for up to 120 hours at 23 degrees C.
A comparison of different methods for improving flux and resolution on SANS instruments

Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) is one of the most popular and oversubscribed techniques at every user facility for neutron scattering studies of condensed matter that offers it. The limiting features in SANS experiment design are the length of time required to make a measurement and the minimum momentum transfer Q that can be measured, and the resolution. In the traditional pinhole-camera geometry, these two constraints are inextricably linked, forcing tradeoffs. However, a number of methods have been developed for reducing this linkage, thus allowing higher throughput while retaining high resolution and a low minimum Q. These methods include using multiple confocal pinhole apertures, lenses, and focusing mirrors. We compare and contrast these options and discuss their suitability for use on instruments at pulsed neutron sources.
Hapten-antibody interactions as determined by fluorescence polarization.

Abstract A new method of data analysis has been developed to analyze hapten-antibody binding reactions using the results of intensity and polarization of hapten fluorescence measurements. The method was applied to the study of functional differences between water-soluble (PG) and water-insoluble (EG) globulin fractions of rabbit anti-phenylarsonate antisera. The new method of data analysis provides: (1) a correction for hapten binding nonspecifically to non-antibody globulin; (2) a more accurate determination of equilibrium constants than has previously been possible by using this correction in calculation of the fraction of antibody sites occupied as a function of hapten concentration; and (3) computation of the change of hapten fluorescence as a function of the fraction of antibody sites occupied when hapten moves from the free to the bound state. The latter computation provides a new parameter to describe heterogeneity of antibodies. Antibody was prepared against phenylarsonate. To carry out the binding measurements, a new, highly fluorescent hapten, 4-(4′-arsonophenylazo)-2,7-dichlorofluorescein (F-F10, was synthesized. It was found that although EG comprised only one-third of the total globulin, it contained almost two-thirds of the total anti-phenylarsonate antibody. This finding contrasts with observations for several anti-protein systems in which two-thirds of the antibody was found in the pseudoglobulin fraction. It was found that PG and EG antibodies have similarly valued mean association constants (Kos = 2.1 × 107M−1 for PG vs 1.5 × 107M−1 for EG) but differ with respect to heterogeneity of association contants; antibodies in PG are more heterogeneous than in EG. The two antibody fractions also differ with respect to a parameter which we call average specific quenchence ( Q post ): Q post = 0.45 for EG vs Q post = 0·38 for PG . Nonspecific binding by pre-immunization PG was greater than by EG (3.5 × 10−7 mM/mg protein vs 0.8 × 10−8 mM/mg protein). The higher value of Q post for antibodies in EG is interpreted to imply that EG antibody combining sites are more hydrophobic than those of PG.
Distributed subcube identification algorithms for reliable hypercubes

The subcube identification problem is addressed. The number of faulty nodes is assumed to be bounded above by the dimension of the hypercube. The problem is modeled as a graph theoretical problem and shown to be NP complete. Based on this result, two heuristic identification algorithms are presented.
Three-dimensional structure of an invertebrate intercellular communicating junction.

Abstract Gap junctions containing extensive, highly ordered crystalline arrays of hexagonally packed connexons have been isolated from the hepatopancreas of the arthropod, Homarus americanus (American lobster). The structure of such junctions has been studied to a resolution of ∼ 25 A in three dimensions by electron microscopy of negatively stained specimens. The structure, which has the crystallographic symmetry of the two-sided plane group p6, reveals the connexon as an annular oligomer which projects ∼30–45 A from the cytoplasmic surface. The stain-filled channel structure appears to be ∼40–45 A wide in the extracellular region. Projection images of glucose-embedded specimens extend to a resolution of 10 A, and show a strong contrast from the connexon subunits. Overall the structure is quite similar to that of rat liver junctions, except that less stain is seen in the aqueous region of the gap and more surrounding the protrusions of the protein into the cytoplasm.