cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dark Matter and the Owens Valley Radio Observatory

Neutral hydrogen gas in a spiral galaxy generally extends far beyond the visible stars, and radio observations that can detect this hydrogen were used to study galactic rotation to great distances. Around 1970, radio astronomers showed that the rotation curves were flatter than Keplerian beyond the optically visible galaxy, and hence that they had to contain a large amount of invisible, or dark, matter. The interferometer at the Owens Valley Radio Observatory was able to study this in greater detail than was possible with the filled-aperture telescopes that existed then, and made the first curves that were unambiguously flat. Within a half-dozen years, however, the field became dominated by more powerful instruments. With these the rotation curves were extended and many more galaxies were measured, and by the late 1970s astronomers generally had become convinced of the need for dark matter.
Perspectives of country actors on sustainability of food and nutrition security policies across presidential transitions (632.13)

Developing countries with democratic governments periodically choose and replace presidents. Uncertainties in these transitions affect political and institutional decision-making. Sustainability during transitions is important for food and nutrition security policies (FNSP), which require continuous political commitment, funding, capacity development, implementation, and collaboration among actors. The purpose of this study was to understand how country actors conceptualize sustainability of FNSP implementation across multiple presidential transitions. A case study in one Central-American country was conducted using a qualitative, grounded-theory approach. FNSP country actors described their understanding of sustainability in the context of specific actions. Sustainability was conceptualized differently depending on actors’ institution (government, international organization, private sector, civil society, research), level (central, departmental, municipal), and mode of job assignment (appointed, elected)...
Testosterone correlates with Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus infection in macaques

Here we briefly report testosterone and cytokine responses to Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) in macaques which were used as part of a larger study conducted by the Department of Defense to better characterize pathological responses to aerosolized VEEV in non-human primates. Serial samples were collected and analyzed for testosterone and cytokines prior to and during infection in 8 captive male macaques. Infected animals exhibited a febrile response with few significant changes in cytokine levels. Baseline testosterone levels were positively associated with viremia following exposure and were significantly higher than levels obtained during infection. Such findings suggest that disease-induced androgen suppression is a reasonable area for future study. Decreased androgen levels during physiological perturbations may function, in part, to prevent immunosuppression by high testosterone levels and to prevent the use of energetic resources for metabolically-expensive anabolic functions.
Interaction of Galactosaminoglycan with Neurospora Conidia

The inactivation of Neurospora crassa conidia by galactosaminoglycan isolated from cultures of this organism was followed by measuring colony-forming ability and ability to take up radiolabeled metabolites. When kinetic data on the loss of transport function and on killing were analyzed by use of target theory, it appeared that few "hits" are required for inactivation. However, studies with radio-labeled galactosaminoglycan mucopolysaccharides showed that cells receiving a single lethal hit have approximately 10(5) galactosaminoglycan molecules bound to them.
Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy in the Pediatric Patient

The value of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in adults is well established. This study of 50 children demonstrates that upper gastrointestinal endoscopy can be performed safely and effectively in this age group without general anesthesia. Endoscopy appears more sensitive than radiology in the detection not only of superficial mucosal lesions, but of gastric and duodenal ulcers as well.
What's Wrong with This Picture?: Rule Interpleader, the Anti-Injunction Act, In Personam Jurisdiction, and M.C. Escher

This article first focuses on how interpleader functions and why it depends on being the only game in town. Part II next addresses the background and interpretation of the Anti-Injunction Act, exploring particularly the Supreme Court's narrow interpretation the Act's provisions and discussing the federalism values that the Act and the Court seek to serve. Part II also reviews interpleader's status as an in personam action. Even in setting out the problem, one can conceive of at least three potential solutions. Part III discusses the price of each solution. Part IV considers whether, despite the costs of each solution, Congress or the Court should adopt any of them or whether there is some other alternative. In fact, there are two alternatives. Recharacterizing interpleader as an in rem proceeding to fit it within the Anti-Injunction Act is possible, though not the best answer because it would require extended judicial effort to refine the courts' jurisdictional treatment of in rem proceedings generally. This approach is anything but simple and easy to implement. The more elegant option is for Congress explicitly to authorize injunctions against state proceedings in rule interpleader actions, and Part IV offers language that does so.
Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory

The Biological Laboratory was established at Cold Spring Harbor, New York, USA, in 1890 as a summer school for teachers of biology. It began a transition to becoming a research institute in 1898, and in 1904, the Carnegie Institution of Washington created the Station for Experimental Evolution. A third institute, the Eugenics Records Office (ERO), was established in 1910. The ERO was closed in 1940, and the two remaining institutes amalgamated to create the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory of Quantitative Biology in 1963. Genetics was and remains the central theme of the Laboratory's research, focusing on cancer, but current areas of research also include quantitative biology, neurobiology and plant genetics. The Laboratory is also the leading centre for meetings and courses in experimental biology; over 8500 scientists attend the over 50 meetings and 25 courses held annually. The Laboratory's DNA Learning Center provides education in molecular genetics for high school students, whereas the Watson School of Biological Sciences, founded in 1998, grants the PhD degree. Key Concepts: Key Concepts: * Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory is a world-renowned institute for research on topics of biological and biomedical importance. * The Laboratory plays a key role in professional education through its meetings, courses and book publishing. * The Watson School of Biological Science offers graduate training leading to the PhD degree. * The DNA Learning Center provides teaching in molecular genetics for high school students.
“The voice of a generation”? Media coverage of the suicide of Kurt Cobain

(1995). “The voice of a generation”? Media coverage of the suicide of Kurt Cobain. Popular Music and Society: Vol. 19, Grunge, Youth, and Communities of Alienation, pp. 49-68.
Using integer programming to guide college admissions decisions: a preliminary report

College admissions offices must balance a number of conflicting issues in deciding which applicants to admit. We discuss the variables, constraints, and issues involved in modeling the Admissions problem as an integer programming problem.
EXAMINING DESIGN FOR DEVELOPMENT ONLINE: AN HCD ANALYSIS OF OPENIDEO USING HCD/UCD METRICS

OpenIDEO.com is an online collaborative platform developed to crowd source design talent across the Internet to tackle difficult interdisciplinary problems. Many of their design Challenges have focused upon issues concerning impoverished communities. Challenges include human sanitation solutions, alternatives for serving maternal health issues with mobile technologies, affordable learning tools, and social business models to improve health, and other pressing global quandaries. The platform uses tens of thousands of designers to contribute inspirations and design concepts for product and service-based solutions. The design process uses Human-Centered Design (HCD) techniques to develop interventions for the public and private sectors, in the form of products and services which are catered specifically to users’ needs. These products and services have considerable economic, social, and cultural benefits for firms and customers alike. In fact, the IDEO community has developed a Human-Centered Design (HCD) toolkit that helps designers develop products and services tailored for communities at the base of the pyramid. Although HCD techniques are practiced by IDEO consistently, a collection of larger HCD literature argues for parallel, yet slightly different, metrics of design success, which rarely have a chance to be tested against real-world settings. Fortunately, the rich content of OpenIDEO affords a novel opportunity to study the presence and effectiveness of HCD metrics in practice. By synthesizing seminal texts describing metrics for design thinking, we develop a collection of metrics that use empathetic methods to identify user needs. We then apply qualitative coding methods to find parallel themes between OpenIDEO Challenges that address issues in impoverished communities. Moreover, we use this comparison to answer the following questions:1) Which, if any, of the HCD characteristics are potential predictors for successful designs?2) How well do the present themes and metrics of the OpenIDEO design community correlate with metrics of Human-Centered Design?These qualitative methods complement previous quantitative network analyses of the OpenIDEO network, in the hopes of developing benchmarks for HCD methods that successfully cater to user needs.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
Cell fate transitions and the replication timing decision point

Recent findings suggest that large-scale remodeling of three dimensional (3D) chromatin architecture occurs during a brief period in early G1 phase termed the replication timing decision point (TDP). In this speculative article, I suggest that the TDP may represent an as yet unappreciated window of opportunity for extracellular cues to influence 3D architecture during stem cell fate decisions. I also describe several testable predictions of this hypothesis.
Laparoscopic management of ectopic pregnancy in obese women

number of days of bleeding and hemoglobin level found in the study, however, did not occur in the emergency clinic where it was almost null. These results are in accordance with the report by Higham and Shaw [2]. Although physicians should continue to assess the patient's perception of the amount of blood that they lost, it seems more beneficial to order a complete blood count in the emergency clinic. References
Exploring spatial data with dominant attribute map and parallel coordinates

This paper suggests a technique and a corresponding software tool for exploratory analysis of multivariate numeric data associated with area geographical objects such as units of administrative division of a territory. More specifically, the paper considers analysis of several comparable attributes, i.e. those measured in the same units and semantically related. Examples of comparable attributes can be provided by attributes representing proportions in total (such as division of population by age group or land use statistics) or rates (such as birth and death rates). The technique suggested is based on the use of a parallel coordinate plot dynamically linked to an interactive map by means of simultaneous highlighting of corresponding objects. The map represents by painting classification of the geographical objects according to the dominant attribute: the colour of an object corresponds to the dominant attribute while the degree of darkness shows the strength of the dominance. The tool described enables various transformations of the parallel coordinate plot. The transformations help the user to consider data from different perspectives. Any transformation is immediately reflected by the map. The map and the parallel coordinate plot mutually facilitate the interpretation and enhance analysis-supporting capabilities of each other.
Detection of decreased cerebral blood volume and oxygen saturation in folate deficient rats using non-invasive near-infrared spectroscopy

We report non-invasive, absolute measurements of cerebral hemodynamics with frequency-domain, near infrared spectroscopy on a rat model of vascular cognitive impairment. Folate deficiency was found to induce measurable hemodynamic changes.
The decomposition of potassium bis(carbonato)diamminecobaltate(III) and the kinetics of the bridge cleavage reactions of a hydroxy-bridged dimer in aqueous perchloric acid

Abstract The decomposition of the title complex in aqueous perchloric acid solution has been investigation. A rapid decarboxylation yields an unexpected product tentatively identified as a μ-hydroxo-dicobalt(III) complex by its cation exchange column and UV-vis spectral characteristics. A dimeric structure with two carbonate bridges is proposed for the title complex and it is suggested that each carbonate bridge uses only one oxygen atom for bridging. The di-μ-carbonato complex, similar to a monodentate carbonato complex, is suggested to decarboxylate with carbonoxygen bond rupture, leaving the oxygen bridges intact. The product [(NH3)2(H2O)2Co(OH)2Co(H2O)2(NH3)2]4+ undergoes both water-induced and acid-catalyzed bridge cleavage reactions in two successive steps, ultimately forming cis-[Co(NH3)2(H2O)4]3+ via a singly bridged intermediate. Under the experimental conditions {H+] = 0.1-2.0 M; I = 2.0 M (naClO4), 40°C}, the kobsd for both steps shows the same form: kfast = (2.20 ± 0.18) x 10−4 + (3.70 ± 0.15) x 10−4[H+] and Kslow = (2.90 ± 1.02) x 10−5 + (11.85 ± 0.83) x 10−5[H+]. These results are compared with those for the acid-catalyzed bridge cleavage reactions of other μ-hydroxo complexes.
THE RELATIVE EFFECTIVENESS OF EMMENIN, ESTRIOL GLYCURONIDE AND ESTRIOL IN THE IMMATURE AND THE CASTRATE IMMATURE RAT1

This work was undertaken to determine whether the presence of the ovary is necessary for the full estrogenic effectiveness of emmenin and estriol in the rat. We undertook the study because one of us (A.C.I.) believed that the two substances might act differently on the basis of the clinical results obtained in the treatment of menstrual edema (1). The original hypothesis advanced by Collip maintained that emmenin acted only by stimulation or activation of the ovaries (2–12) and was ineffective in the absence of the ovaries (2–5, 7–10). Later it was reported that emmenin was effective in castrates but relatively more potent in intact immature rats, the evidence indicating that emmenin was 8 times and estriol one and one-half times more effective in the immature than in the castrate immature rat (13–16). It was thought that emmenin and, to a lesser extent, estriol, was changed by the immature ovaries into a more potent estrogenic substance. When it was found that estriol could be obtained by hydrolyzing the...
Nanotubes, nanoscience, and nanotechnology

The theoretical underpinnings of the properties of nanostructures has become a frontier activity in materials science. Although ab initio and empirically based calculations of the properties of bulk materials and their surfaces have advanced significantly in the past several decades, the extension of these methods to nanocrystals, nanotubes, and large molecular structures is not trivial or automatic. However, considerable progress has been made. Here, we review the status of the theoretical efforts to predict and explain properties of bulk solids and then describe extensions and applications to nanoscience and nanotechnology.
Populations at risk: conservation genetics of kangaroo mice (Microdipodops) of the Great Basin Desert

The Great Basin Desert of western North America has experienced frequent habitat alterations due to a complex biogeographic history and recent anthropogenic impacts, with the more recent alterations likely resulting in the decline of native fauna and flora. Dark (Microdipodops megacephalus) and pallid (M. pallidus) kangaroo mice are ecological specialists found within the Great Basin Desert and are potentially ideal organisms for assessing ecosystem health and inferring the biogeographic history of this vulnerable region. Herein, newly acquired nuclear-encoded microsatellite loci were utilized to assess patterns of variation within and among spatially discrete groups of kangaroo mice and to evaluate gene flow, demographic trends, and genetic integrity. Results confirm that there are at least three genetically distinct units within M. megacephalus and two such units within M. pallidus. The three units of M. megacephalus appear to have different demographic histories, with effectively no gene flow among them since their divergence. Similarly, the two units of M. pallidus also appear to have experienced different demographic histories, with effectively no gene exchange. Contemporary effective population sizes of all groups within Microdipodops appear to be low (<500), suggesting that each genetic lineage may have difficulty coping with changing environmental pressures and hence may be at risk of extirpation. Results of this study indicate that each Microdipodops group should be recognized, and therefore managed, as a separate unit in an effort to conserve these highly specialized taxa that contribute to the diversity of the Great Basin Desert ecosystem.
Properties and cost effective method for production of the antitumor agent duclauxin from sporulating Penicillium herquei

Duclauxin, an antitumor agent, was isolated from sporulating Penicillium herquei (ATCC 34665) grown on a medium of peanut hulls supplemented with potato starch solution (termed “Gostar”). The medium was inoculated with a sporulating subculture of P.herquei established on a 2% potato starch slurry supplemented with mineral salts. The P. herquei grew as well on Gostar as on an enriched medium. Duclauxin was isolated in crystalline form from Gostar-grown P.herquei. Comparison of costs of duclauxin obtained from inexpensive Gostar versus costly enriched media indicated that Gostar reduces production expenses. Duclauxin was not effective as an antibiotic against certain species of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, fungi, and viruses, but a concentration-dependent inhibition of wheat coleoptile growth was observed. Duclauxin was characterized by melting point, optical rotation, IR and NMR spectroscopy, MS and X-ray diffraction.
Foreign Languages and the Business Curriculum: What Do the Students Think?

of global competition, Copeland (p. 23) notes that "American multinational organizations must face the difficult reality that our workforce lacks international or intercultural competence." Although employers can take some steps to enhance their managers' international competencies, any broad-based solution to this problem must include an increased emphasis on internationalizing our educational system. In schools of business, there is growing acceptance among business educators of the position espoused by Steers and Miller (p. 21), that an international perspective is today ". . . an essential element of the business curriculum, and students must be exposed to the international dimension of business throughout their academic program." This view is already reflected in the curricular standards and requirements established by the American Assembly of Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB).2 With broad latitude in AACSB requirements, accredited American business schools have made use of a range of approaches to begin internationalizing their curricula. Most have chosen to integrate an enhanced international component into existing business courses, while a few have created a mandatory international business course. A number of programs also have added the requirement that students take one or more internationally relevant courses in their nonbusiness (liberal education) coursework. Regardless of the approach adopted toward internationalization excepting a small number of schools with specialized international business foci--virtually no specific consideration or encouragement has been given to foreign language preparation or training in the business curriculum. Nationally, little is known about the extent to which business students possess second language competence or seek to acquire such competence through enrolling in college-level coursework. Similarly, little information is available concerning both the factors that lead business students to pursue or not to pursue foreign language coursework, and student perceptions about the relevance and usefulness of second language competence to their future careers. This study reports the results of a survey of undergraduate business students directed at expanding our awareness of student behaviors, motives, and reactions to foreign language study as a component of their business education.
Nitrogen-functionalized polythiophenes: Potential routes to new low band gap materials

Abstract Due to the stability and ease of synthetic modification, polythiophenes containing a wide variety of functionalized side chains have been investigated. The majority of functionalized polythiophenes, however, contain functional groups isolated from the polymer backbone by an alkyl spacer. As a result, the side chain acts primarily to modify physical properties and any electronic effect is due to steric-induced conformational changes. The exception to this is the inclusion of alkoxy or alkylmercapto groups, where the heteroatom is directly attach-ed to the polymer backbone. An extension of polyalkoxythiophenes is the investigation of additional heteroatom-functionalized polythio-phenes. Our work has generated an interest in nitrogen-derivatized polythiophenes, thus initiating new synthetic routes to N-function-alized poly(3-aminothiophene)s and poly(dithieno[3,2-b:2′,3′-d]pyrrole)s. Here we report synthetic routes for the necessary monomeric precursors, chemical and electrochemical polymerization studies, as well as initial characterization of the polymeric materials.
Negotiating Interorganizational Orders

Strauss' (1978) negotiation paradigm is used to analyze interorganizational relations leading to development of a complex of eleven rehabilitation agencies. Analysis is based on records over a twen...
Requirements dependencies: the emergence of a requirements network

We believe that the requirements at the leaf-node level of the requirements tree structure cannot be viewed in isolation and that dependencies between them exist. We pursued this notion in order to find a coherent set of requirement dependencies that would facilitate the formation of a requirements network at the leaf-node level. This network could well be aristocratic or egalitarian. An aristocratic network will highlight a vital few nodes (requirements) with a high degree of connectivity. Such vital few requirements work as 'hubs' and are expected to have a decisive influence on the success of the product/system, to which the requirements structure points. Such critical information may provide a more effective resolution to issues such as release planning, prioritisation, reuse, change management and so on, enhance systems engineering implementation and thereby make system development more effective. In this paper, we discuss the formulation of a mechanism to identify the dependencies between requirements and we discuss the process to connect them using a series of steps in order to form a network of requirements at the leaf-node level of the requirement tree structure.
Qualitative and quantitative characterization of a microencapsulated protein with pyrolysis-atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometry

Abstract Solid, microencapsulated protein as well as the microencapsulating species were investigated for their qualitative and semi-quantitative characterization. Quartz tube pyrolysis (Py) was used to process the solid sample and the selective and sensitive technique of atmospheric pressure ionization quadrupole mass spectrometry (API-MS) was chosen for the analysis. Selected protein and technical polymer standards provided a reference identification data set for the microencapsulated samples, and the standards data set was subjected to multivariate and graphical analysis procedures for semi-quantitative assessment of the microencapsulate components. API, however, is an ionization technique that produces nonlinear analyte responses when a mixture of compounds is present in the ion source as opposed to the technique of electron ionization. Concentration and proton affinity determine the relative distribution of compound mass spectral responses in API. The sample microencapsulate compounds were found to contain derivatives of polyhexose polymers as the encapsulating species, and poor semi-quantitative information was obtained for these microcapsule shell polymers. The Py-API technique, however, produced satisfactory semi-quantitative information for the core protein analyte of interest. Protein pyrolyzate products have relatively high proton affinities because of the saturated and unsaturated nitrogen functional groups as compared to the shell material which contains oxygen functional groups. Approximately 15% of the Py-API mass spectral response was attributed to complex proteinaceous substances, and was confirmed by independent experiments.
Modeling of biological reactions

Cell membranes consist of lipid bilayers in which proteins are embedded. Many cell functions are carried out at the cell boundary which interface with water. Here we describe the response to an anesthetic of a lipid bilayer and of an enzyme separately. While both systems are markedly affected by anesthetics at appropriately high concentrations, the result at the clinical concentrations seems best explained as principally an effect on the protein somewhat accentuated by its presence in the lipid bilayer. Thus the lipoprotein complex seems to have the properties of the protein alone, except with somewhat greater induced sensitivity due to the lipid matrix in which it is immersed.
Management of Retained Lens Nuclear Fragments and Dislocated Posterior Chamber Intraocular Lenses After Cataract Surgery

(1993). Management of Retained Lens Nuclear Fragments and Dislocated Posterior Chamber Intraocular Lenses After Cataract Surgery. Seminars in Ophthalmology: Vol. 8, No. 2, pp. 96-103.
Aging Health: priorities in enhancing longevity

People vary a great deal in terms of how they age. Some seem to age relatively quickly and develop age-related illnesses such as heart disease or stroke in their forties and fifties, while others appear to age very slowly; and if they do develop age-related illnesses it may only be towards the end of their very long lives. Within these two extremes are the majority of people who, at least in industrialized nations, have an average life expectancy in their late seventies. Much of the variation around this average appears to be due to differences in environment, behavior and luck. As in the case of the Seventh Day Adventists, if an individual has good health habits, they are quite likely to live to an age that many humans appear to be capable of achieving – their late eighties (almost 30 years beyond the age of 60!) [1]. The HALE Study (Healthy aging: a Longitudinal study in Europe) assessed 10-year mortality amongst people aged 70–90 years in 11 European countries. Those who adhered to a Mediterranean diet, and moderate alcohol use, were physically active and refrained from smoking had a 50% reduced mortality rate [2]. Unfortunately uncommon among people in industrial nations, the behavioral traits that facilitate survival to average life expectancy potential are regular exercise, a frugal vegetarian or Mediterranean diet, not being obese and not smoking. A number of studies suggest that effectively managing stress is also an important trait. Along these lines, Rebecca Levy, at Yale University, USA, has shown that being optimistic about one’s aging also improves life expectancy [3]. When these behaviors are generally not adhered to, the result is an average life expectancy that is about 10 years less than what most of us should be capable of achieving. With that premature mortality, we likely also see
Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation in the Fungus Gardens of Leaf-Cutter Ants

Bacteria-mediated acquisition of atmospheric N2 serves as a critical source of nitrogen in terrestrial ecosystems. Here we reveal that symbiotic nitrogen fixation facilitates the cultivation of specialized fungal crops by leaf-cutter ants. By using acetylene reduction and stable isotope experiments, we demonstrated that N2 fixation occurred in the fungus gardens of eight leaf-cutter ant species and, further, that this fixed nitrogen was incorporated into ant biomass. Symbiotic N2-fixing bacteria were consistently isolated from the fungus gardens of 80 leaf-cutter ant colonies collected in Argentina, Costa Rica, and Panama. The discovery of N2 fixation within the leaf-cutter ant-microbe symbiosis reveals a previously unrecognized nitrogen source in neotropical ecosystems.
Induced thermotolerance during early development of murine and bovine embryos

During early development, elevated temperatures have deleterious effects on embryonic viability and development. The primary objective of the current study was to determine the ontogeny of induced thermotolerance during early murine embryonic development. Embryos were either retrieved from superovulated ICR female mice at the 2 cell and 4 cell stages and cultured thereafter or were retrieved from oviducts or uterine horns at the desired stage of development. Induction of thermotolerance was detected by evaluating viability and further development after embryos were exposed to homeothermic temperature (37 degrees C), mild heat shock (40 degrees C for 1 h), severe heat shock (42 degrees C for 1 h or 43 degrees C for 2 h), or mild heat shock followed by severe heat shock (to induce thermotolerance). Induction of thermotolerance was observed beginning at the 8 cell stage when embryos were developed in culture from the 2 cell to 4 cell stage. When embryos were developed in vivo (i.e., were retrieved from the reproductive tract at the desired stage of development), thermotolerance was not induced until the blastocyst stage of development. The induction of thermotolerance was dependent on serum supplementation since induction of thermotolerance was not observed when embryos were placed in medium without serum. Induced thermotolerance could also be demonstrated in bovine blastocysts. In conclusion, embryos acquire the ability to undergo thermotolerance as they progress through development. The timing of processes leading to acquisition of thermotolerance can, however, be hastened by exposure of embryos to in vitro conditions.
Ecological restoration design of a stream on a college campus in central Ohio

Abstract Straightened stream channels and altered and drained wetlands have adversely impacted streams and rivers throughout Midwestern USA, where some of the most dense drainage and riparian ecosystem alteration in the world have occurred. A segment of Grave Creek on The Ohio State University's Marion (OSU Marion) campus in Ohio, USA, with its lack of riparian ecosystems, illustrates the transformation of a natural fluvial ecosystem to an unstable and “simplified” aquatic environment that requires continued maintenance and provides little value to the surrounding landscape or to the university. However, the straight ditch, available adjacent riparian land and existing hydric soil give OSU Marion a great opportunity to demonstrate a project of stream and wetland restoration on a college campus. To restore the natural ecological stability of OSU Marion's “back yard” and to provide habitat improvement to Grave Creek and its surrounding landscape on the OSU Marion campus, we have designed a restoration of 1.1 km of Grave Creek meandering to the east of the existing sewer, using the two-stage channel techniques, and about 0.6–0.8 ha of adjacent wetland. We estimate that restoration on this scale will cost about US$ 200,000–300,000, not including monitoring of the results. To fulfill this project, it is likely that an opportunity for using this restoration in a stream/wetland loss mitigation will present itself in this region of Ohio while a long-term pre- and post-construction monitoring plan and more detailed design would be expected as the next step.
Nuclear vibrations with a zero-range interaction and the multipole condition

Isoscalar monopole, quadrupole, and octopole states are calculated in closed shell nuclei. A delta interaction is used, its strength determined by the multipole condition, namely that the mean single-particle-single-hole potential energy difference is equal to the corresponding kinetic energy difference. This interaction is used to obtain particle-hole matrix elements appropriate for a random-phase approximation calculation. The strengths given by the different multipole conditions are different but (except for $L=0$) they appear to approach each other as the mass number $A$ becomes large. The monopole mode has already collapsed somewhat before the strength implied by the quadrupole condition is reached. Some of the calculations were repeated using a zero-range Skyrme interaction. We observe a very high degeneracy in our calculation which we are able to explain in terms of $L\ensuremath{-}S$ coupling and the fact that the particle-hole matrix element of a delta interaction is of the form $\ensuremath{\int}{f}_{{P}_{A}{H}_{A}}(r){f}_{{P}_{B}{H}_{B}}(r){r}^{2}\mathrm{dr}$.
Effect of zinc deficiency on the weight, cellularity and zinc concentration of different skeletal muscles in the post-weanling rat.

Zinc-deficient (ZD), weight-restricted (WR), pair-fed (PF) and ad lib. -fed (AL) Sprague-Dawley male rats were killed after feeding the respective Zn-deficient and Zn-supplemented diets from 3 to 8 weeks of age. Animals killed at the start of the experiment served as a baseline control (BC).Four different skeletal muscles – biceps brachii, soleus, plantaris and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) – were studied for changes in weight, the number and diameter of muscle fibres and Zn concentration.The soleus muscle had the highest concentration of Zn. It was the only muscle to reduce its Zn concentration due to Zn deficiency.There was a loss of muscle fibres during normal growth (groups BC v. AL) in the soleus muscle (P < 0.05). The estimated length of muscle and the diameter of the muscle fibres in all four muscles increased significantly (P < 0.001). Therefore postweanling growth appears to occur as a result of longitudinal and transverse increases in the dimensions of these muscles.The reduction in muscle fibre number in ZD rats compared to BC animals may occur within the range of expected fibre loss during normal growth. Fibre loss in ZD rats may be more affected by feeding-pattern-dependent metabolic changes than by a deficiency of Zn per se (groups ZD v. WR). Soleus fibre loss in ZD rats may be related to the high Zn concentration in this muscle.The effect of Zn deficiency per se on muscle fibre diameter may be inaccurately interpreted by comparing the ZD animals with their PF and AL controls. There was no significant difference in fibre diameter in any of the four muscles when ZD and WF rats were compared.
Integrated analysis and design in stochastic optimization

An integrated analysis and design approach for stochastic optimization of structures is presented. The proposed procedure employs a first order second moment (FOSM) method for evaluating the constraints associated with structural safety.
Ability of certain additives to influence the absorption of salicylic acid from solutions in an in vivo study: Preliminary report

The influence of polysorbates, sucrose, polyethylene glycols (PEG), propylene glycol, and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) on the absorption of salicylic acid has been studied. An immersion technique utilizing the frog was used. Results were analyzed by the Student t test. Certain concentrations of additives were seen to enhance absorption.
Half-Life of Sulfur-35.

A new determination has been made of the half-life of the beta emitter sulfur-35. Approximately 400 measurements were taken over a period of a year and a half. These data were corrected for the dead time of the counter and then treated statistically. The half-life was found to be 86.35 ± 0.17 days.
Time-Dependent Multimode Simulation of Gyrotron Oscillators

High-power gyrotrons, including both cw and high-peak-power configurations, are increasingly designed to operate in high-mode-density regimes. It has been observed that operation is often single mode even for cavities with dense mode spectra, but the mode density does affect the gyrotron efficiency and the available operating modes. Multimode effects have been studied extensively for the quasioptical gyrotron, but there has been less progress on fully nonlinear formulations for conventional waveguide cavity gyrotrons that involve different transverse modes with irregularly spaced frequencies and unequal coupling impedances. A time-dependent, nonlinear, multimode theory of gyrotrons has been recently developed along with a computer code to carry out the numerical calculations. The code has been used to simulate the operation of a cw-relevant 140-GHz gyrotron experiment carried out at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) by K. E. Kreischer et al. [Int. J. Electron. 57, 835 (1984)] and the 750-kV, 35-GHz intense-beam gyrotron experiment at the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) by Gold et al. [Phys. Fluids 30, 2226 (1987)]. The MIT gyrotron involves competition between two transverse modes: the ${\mathrm{TE}}_{03}$ and ${\mathrm{TE}}_{23}$ modes. The NRL gyrotron involves competition between ${\mathrm{TE}}_{\mathit{m}2}$ modes and is an example of a three-mode interaction.
Engaging differences: Self‐Authorship and the decision‐making process

Decisions that involve consideration of inconsistent or contradictory information provide a context for understanding and supporting intellectual development.
Impact of Host Structure on Guest−Host Recognition at Self-Assembled Surfaces of Tetrathiol and Tetrasulfide Derivatives of Calix[4]resorcinarene

Guest−host recognition at self-assembled surfaces of two different synthetic calix[4]resorcinarene receptors, a tetrasulfide (R4SC7) and a tetrathiol (R4SH) host, was performed. The host structure ...
Activation-induced deaminase contributes to the antibody-independent role of B cells in the development of autoimmunity.

B cells contribute to autoimmunity both as secretors of pathogenic antibodies and through the activation of autoreactive T cells. B cells and antibodies acquire higher affinity to self-antigen through a process known as immunoglobulin hypermutation or SHM. The contribution of SHM to pathogenic antibody development in lupus has been established in various autoimmune mouse models and by examining antibodies from patients. However, its role in the antibody-independent contribution of B cells to autoimmunity has not been examined. Herein, we generate lupus-prone MRL/lpr mice with a limited IgM-only B cell repertoire, no secreted antibodies and no SHM. This enabled us to isolate the role of somatic hypermutation in B cell-mediated autoimmunity. We found that SHM-deficiency correlated with a reduction in autoreactive B cells, a decrease in T cell activation and a decrease in kidney lymphocytic infiltration. These data establish AID as an important contributor to the antibody-independent role of B cells in autoi...
The inventory to diagnose depression, lifetime version

The lifetime version of the Inventory to Diagnose Depression (IDDL) is a 22-item self-report scale designed to diagnose a lifetime history of DSM-III major depressive disorder (MDD). One hundred and sixty-four first-degree relatives of healthy control probands completed the IDDL and were interviewed with the Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS). The IDDL had good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.92), split-half reliability (Spearman-Brown coefficient = 0.90), and all of the item total correlations were significant. The lifetime prevalence of MDD was nonsignificantly higher in the IDDL than the DIS (14.8% vs. 11.7%). Using the DIS as the criterion measure, the sensitivity of the IDDL was 74% and its specificity was 93% and the chance corrected agreement between the two measures was kappa = 0.60.
Faculty evaluations: Diagnostic and therapeutic

Purpose An excellent teaching program is one that creates an atmosphere of mentorship, leadership, and professional development. The key to all of these may lie in the faculty evaluation. Currently, favorable faculty evaluations are often rewarded, whereas the more critical evaluations are downplayed and seldom used for faculty development. The purpose of this study is to investigate the efficacy of the faculty evaluation as a diagnostic tool to objectively identify individual strengths and weaknesses. Can such a tool then be used as a therapeutic modality to improve and enhance the faculty as a whole? Methods Fourth- and fifth-year surgical residents from 1 residency program were asked to collaboratively define 9 characteristics that make a surgical role model. They then anonymously evaluated each of the 44 teaching attendings on each of the 9 criteria. The results of the evaluations, which consisted of the overall mean scores and SD 1 for each of the 9 criteria, the attending's score and SDs above or below the mean, as well as whether the residents considered them to be a Role Model, were sent to each faculty member as an intervention. Six months after the intervention, the residents evaluated the attendings using the same 9 criteria. Evaluations were collected and analyzed following the same procedure as 6 months prior. T-tests and p-values were calculated to determine any significant differences between the 2 data sets. Results Based on the results of the pre-intervention evaluations, we were able to delineate faculty members into 3 groups based on their Role Model score. Of the 10 faculty members with the lowest scores (defined as >1 SD below average), 7 improved after the intervention, 3 of them were statistically significant (2 with p Conclusions (1) Faculty evaluations are a diagnostic tool with the ability to select out Role Models from the lower scoring groups. (2) After the intervention, the overall average score improved for all of the 9 criteria that make a Role Model, showing improvement of the faculty as a whole. (3) The therapeutic benefits of faculty evaluations were best seen in the faculty with the lowest scores.
Observations on the neuropathology of ‘reeler’, a neurological mutation in mice

Eine genetisch bedingte Bewegungsstorung in der Hausmaus «reeler» wurde untersucht. Der Erbgang der «reeler»-Mutation ist einfach rezessiv. In homozygotem Zustand fuhrt das Gen zu Gleichgewichtsstorungen und leichtem Zittern.
Multi-site impact response of S2-glass/epoxy composite laminates

High velocity transverse impact to laminated fiber reinforced composites is of interest in marine, military and civilian applications. Most studies in literature have addressed single point isolated impact events; while this work draws distinction in that we consider multi-site sequential and simultaneous impacts to composite structures. The overall objectives of this work were to investigate the response of laminated composites subjected to high velocity, multi-site impacts from a modeling and experimental viewpoint. Energy absorption, new surface creation, and failure mechanisms from sequential and simultaneous multi-site high velocity impacts are compared to assess additive and cumulative effects of these scenarios. Finite element modeling (LS-DYNA 3D) was used to gain insight into failure modes, energy absorption, and damage prediction. The modeling results correlated well with experimental data obtained from three layer laminates of vacuum assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM) processed S2-glass/SC-15 epoxy. The impact damage has been characterized using optical nondestructive evaluation (NDE) techniques. Specimens subjected to sequential impact exhibited average of 10% greater energy absorption and 18% increase in damage than specimens impacted simultaneously.
Characteristics of African Easterly Waves Depicted by ECMWF Reanalyses for 1991–2000

Abstract Several interesting characteristics of African easterly waves (AEWs) were observed and investigated by previous studies: two separate propagation paths, genesis mechanisms, restriction of vertical development, and the interaction with the African easterly jet (AEJ). However, some aspects of these characteristics have been neglected: the contrast of the AEW population along the two propagation paths, the AEW genesis mechanism over the Saharan thermal low and the role played by the low-level North African circulation in this mechanism, the dynamical mechanism restricting the vertical development of AEWs, and the synoptic relationship and interaction between the AEJ and the AEWs along the two propagation paths. The ECMWF reanalyses for the 1991–2000 period supplemented with those of 1979 were analyzed to explore these AEW features. Major findings of this effort are the following: The population of AEWs along the propagation path north of the AEJ (AEWn) is approximately 2.5 times of that along the pr...
High-temperature hysteretic electronic effects of (AI x Ga 1-x ) 0.5 In 0.5 P(x > 0.65)

We have studied (AlxGa1−x)0.5In0.5P doped with tellurium using deep level transient spectroscopy and associated electrical measurements. Several defect states are observed in the upper half of the band gap, that are believed to be intrinsic to the alloy system as well as related to the tellurium donors. Defects observed at measurement temperatures above 390 K exhibit a hysteretic behavior. The observed spectra depend on the biasing conditions applied to the Schottky diode during cooling. The hysteretic behavior suggests the existence of different defect configurations, which can be accessed under conditions of high temperatures and electrical stress, but remain stable below 300 K.
DTA furnace assembly for special atmospheres

Samples which require special atmospheres can be processed and loaded into sample holders in a glove box. The sample holder assembly is inserted directly into a furnace chamber mounted in the top of the glove box. The furnace chamber is sealed off from the glove box, so atmospheres different from that of the glove box may be used in the furnace chamber.
Dijet transverse momentum imbalance, fragmentation functions and jet–track correlations in PbPb collisions at sNN=2.76TeV with CMS☆

Abstract Dijets in PbPb collisions at a nucleon–nucleon center-of-mass energy of 2.76 TeV are studied with the CMS detector at the LHC. It is shown that the fragmentation functions of jets into charged particle tracks with transverse momenta p T > 4 GeV/c in PbPb collisions are similar to those in pp collisions, for both the leading and subleading jets. In addition, study of high statistics PbPb data acquired in 2011 shows that the quenching phenomenon exists up to highest jet p T values in excess of 300 GeV/c.
A semantic-enabled meta-catalogue for intelligent geospatial information discovery

Geospatial catalogues which facilitate publishing, locating, managing and maintaining of distributed geo-resources, are widely used by the Earth science community for distributed data sharing and exchanging. However, because of the dissymmetry of data registered in the catalogues, users have to dig into several catalogues to find the needed information. In this paper, we proposed a framework of a seamlessly integrated meta-catalogue to address this problem. Meanwhile, semantic enabled reasoning and ranking were also introduced to enhance the traditional search capabilities.