cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Prevention of ischemia-reperfusion injury with a synthetic metalloprotein superoxide dismutase mimic, SC52608

Superoxide dismutase (SOD) scavenges free superoxide radicals generated during reperfusion of ischemic tissue and decreases cellular injury. A synthetic manganese-based metalloprotein superoxide dismutase mimic, SC52608 (Monsanto Co.), was tested in the isolated rabbit rectus femoris muscle flap to determine its effects on ischemia-reperfusion injury. The results of our experiments analyzing 38 isolated rectus femoris muscles in 19 New Zealand White rabbits show that administration of SC52608 at the onset of 4 hours of warm ischemia and before reperfusion significantly increases the survival of the muscle from 20.0 +/- 4.9 percent (control, HEPES) to 81.5 +/- 4.6 percent (SC52608) (p < 0.001). It preserved functional contraction in 8 of 10 muscles; only 1 of 12 control muscles (control, HEPES) had contractions (p = 0.0015). SC52608 decreased the neutrophil density from 4.63 +/- 0.6 x 10(4) cells/mm2 in the control (HEPES) muscle to 2.71 +/- 0.6 x 10(4) cell/mm2 in muscles perfused with SC52608 (p = 0.03). The level of malonyldialdehyde decreased from 6.12 +/- 0.26 nmol/gm (control, HEPES) to 4.64 +/- 0.41 nmol/gm (SC52608) (p = 0.0028). Postoperative weights of the muscles showed no statistical difference (p = 0.14) between the controls (16.0 +/- 0.9 gm) and the SC52608 (18.1 +/- 0.7 gm). Our investigation shows that direct intraarterial infusion of a synthetic superoxide dismutase mimic at the onset of ischemia and prior to reperfusion can reduce reperfusion injury in skeletal muscle.
The initial oxidation of Cr(100)

Abstract Electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS), Auger spectroscopy, and low-energy electron diffraction (LEED) have been used to study oxygen chemisorption on and the initial oxidation of Cr(100). With O 2 exposures up to 5 L, CrO vibrational frequencies between 495 and 545 cm −1 are observed. A CrO stretching frequency at 635 cm −1 , probably due to rhombohedral Cr 2 O 3 , is observed to emerge strongly by ≈ 60 L. Based on a sequence of O 2 exposures at 300 K and on a second sequence with 625 and 1175 K anneals, a model of the initial oxidation of Cr(100) is presented. Subsurface oxygen in interstitial sites with Cr atoms maintaining bulk positions is proposed to act as a nucleus for subsequent oxide growth. According to this model, oxide growth at 300 K occurs primarily through domain expansion, while frequent creation of new domains occurs at 625 K. At elevated temperatures, competition between domain growth and diffusion into the bulk is observed.
Computer-Based Simulation in Blended Learning Curriculum for Hazardous Waste Site Worker Health and Safety Training

Intended for the interest of individuals and organizations who provide adult/worker training and education, we present a discussion of a computer-based simulation training tool used as part of a hazardous waste site worker health and safety training curriculum. Our objective is to present the simulation's development, implementation, and assessment for learning utility from both trainee and trainer perspectives. The simulation is blended with other curriculum components of training courses and supports small group learning. Assessment included end-of-course trainee questionnaires and trainer focus groups to addressing simulation utility as a user-oriented learning tool. A majority of trainees reported simulation trainings as useful learning tools with numerous advantages that support a participatory, blended learning curriculum, and raise awareness of potential work site risks and hazards. Trainers reported that the simulation advanced training impact. Evaluation results indicate that the simulation successfully supports small group learning activities.
Fourier-Series Models of DC-DC Converters

The paper presents new models of DC-DC converters. The sub-circuit formed by the voltage source, switching transistor, and diode, is replaced by an independent square-pulse current source, while the rest of the circuit remains unchanged. Using Fourier series representation of current-pulse square wave, the current source is describe as a sum of sinusoidal currents, thus the system is considered linear. The system's state- space representations in the time domain and s-domain are derived. Comparison of the buck converter state-space representation of both models is performed. Numerical validation of the buck converter is presented. The Fourier series models developed in the paper offer the benefits of large-signal models and small-signal models combined, without sacrificing accuracy, and is well suited for transient analysis of power systems incorporating DC-DC converters.
Displacement Analysis of Spherical Mechanisms Having Three or Fewer Loops

Spherical linkages, having rotational joints whose axes coincide in a common centerpoint, are sometimes used in multi-degree-of-freedom robot manipulators and in one-degree-of-freedom mechanisms. The forward kinematics of parallel-link robots, the inverse kinematics of serial-link robots and the in-put/output motion of single-degree-of-freedom mechanisms are all problems in displacement analysis. In this article, loop equations are formulated and solved for the displacement analysis of all spherical mechanisms up to three loops. We show how to solve each mechanism type using either a formulation in terms of rotation matrices or quaternions. In either formulation, the solution method is a modification of Sylvester’s elimination method, leading directly to numerical calculation via standard eigenvalue routines.Copyright © 2002 by ASME
Individual habitat quotas for fisheries

Abstract Fishery managers in the US are required to identify and limit adverse consequences of fishing on essential fish habitat. We propose an individual habitat quota (IHQ) system for habitat conservation that would utilize economic incentives to achieve habitat conservation goals cost-effectively. Individual quotas of habitat impact units (HIU) would be distributed to fishers with an aggregate quota set to maintain a target habitat “stock”. HIU use would be based on a proxy for marginal habitat damage. We use a dynamic, explicitly spatial fishery and habitat simulation model to explore the cost-effectiveness of achieving specified habitat conservation targets with our IHQ system versus fixed or rotating marine protected areas (MPAs). We find that the IHQ system can be considerably more cost-effective than MPAs, but that the relative advantage decreases as fish diffusion rates and uncertainty about fish distribution increases.
One-Parameter Family of Invariant Sets for Nonweakly Coupled Nonlinear Parabolic Systems

Abstract This paper is concerned with a system of nonweakly coupled nonlinear parabolic and elliptic equations where the coupling is through the unknown functions as well as their gradients. We discuss the asymptotic behavior of the solution for the parabolic system in the case where there exists a decreasing one-parameter family of invariant sets formed by coupled upper and lower solutions of the corresponding elliptic system. Under fairly general conditions, we show that every solution of the parabolic system starting from the outermost invariant set converges uniformly into the innermost one. The results are used in the study of stability and asymptotic behavior problems of a reaction-diffusion model arising in population genetics.
Novel luminescent samarium(III) chelates

Abstract A series of new stable, luminescent samarium(III) chelates were synthesized and their photophysical properties were measured. The iodoacetamido activated chelate coupled to a peptide was used in a caspase-3 assay.
Experimental Calibrations of a Silicon Rectifier Developed as a Fast Neutron Sub-Miniature Dosimeter

We can readily., summarize the significant points that have been elicited from these experiments. 1. The response of this type of dosimeter is fundamentally reproducible. It is felt that increased uniformity can be achieved by further optimization and control of the processing techniques. 2. The dosimeter can be given the desired, almost linear, sensitivity in the biological dose range of interest by selection of an appropriate base width (somewhere between 40 and 60 mils). 3. The response of the dosimeter is independent of the delivery rate of the neutron flux, up to a rate of at least 107 rads per second. 4. The dosimeter essentially does not respond to gamma radiation in the energr and dose ranges of interest. 5. The response of the dosimeter is essentially independent of its orientation with respect to the direction of the incident neutron flux. U. The dosimeter is subject to a significant amount (from 10 to 20 per cent) of room temperature anneal during the first few days after initial exposure. 7. The sensitivity of an exposed dosimeter changes when the device is anmealed at elevated temperatures. 8. The response of the dosimeter appears to be dependent on the energies of the incident neutrons. Some of these points refer to desirable features of the fast neutron dosimeter. The und-ersirable features, we feel, can be remedied or accounted for through further research and development efforts.
Hyponatremia and its treatment in the hospitalized patient

Abstract Analysis of 136 cases of hyponatremia observed in this hospital shows that 50 per cent occurred in patients over 60 years old. Fluid evaluation showed that 40 per cent had excess fluids, 48 per cent normal hydration, and 12 per cent were dehydrated. Approximately 58 per cent were asymptomatic. In about half of the symptomatic group, a loss of salt had occurred and in half an excess of water. In approximately 10 per cent of the cases, the low serum sodium value proved to be a laboratory error. Effective therapy included hypertonic salt solution, 0.9% salt solution, oral sodium chloride and dialysis. Emphasis was placed on the need for complete evaluation of the patient with suspected hyponatremia and restriction of therapy to those patients with definite symptoms and with demonstrated loss of salt or water excess.
Thermomechanical evolution of oceanic fracture zones

To explain the topographic and gravitational signals of fracture zones (FZs), a realistic model is developed and compared with Seasat altimeter data across three major FZs. The model is based on the thermal, subsidence, and mechanical models of the oceanic lithosphere. The model is used to calculate the FZ topography and the evolution of the geoid signature across a FZ. When lithospheric flexure is included, the model explains the persistence of sharp FZ geoid steps on old seafloor as well as the asymmetry of the geoid steps across major FZs. The model does not explain the disappearance of the thermal part of the FZ geoid signature. The model profiles are used to access the various techniques for estimating the overall geoid offsets across FZs. It is shown that steps may be underestimated by as much as 50 percent. These predictions, if correct, will force reinterpretation of published geoid height versus age data derived from altimeter profiles across FZs.
Redox signal transduction via iron-sulfur clusters in the SoxR transcription activator

Abstract Protein ironsulfur (FeS) centers have recently been implicated in the regulation of gene expression. In the redox-sensing SoxR protein, the oxidation state of [2Fe2S] centers controls its activity as a transcription activator independent of DNA-binding ability. Thus, FeS centers allosterically link cellular oxidative stress to the expression of defense genes.
Isolation and structures of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) glucagon and glucagon-like peptide

Abstract Glucagon and a glucagon-like peptide (GLP) containing 31 amino acids have been isolated from the principal islet of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) by gel filtration of acid alcohol extracts followed by HPLC, and the complete amino acid sequence of both peptides has been determined. Salmon glucagon is a simple 29 residue peptide differing at 3 positions when compared to catfish glucagon and at 8 positions when compared to porcine glucagon. Salmon GLP differs at 6 positions when compared with the N-terminal 31 amino acids of the 34 amino acid catfish GLP. Both coho salmon glucagon and GLP cross-react weakly in our mammalian glucagon radioimmunoassay and therefore this technique could not be used to determine tissue content. Glucagon and GLP isolated amounted to 156 μg/g and 350 μg/g wet tissue, respectively.
Efficient cryo‐cooled 2.7‐μm Er3+:Y2O3 ceramic laser with direct diode pumping of the upper laser level

Reported here is the first cryogenically-cooled performance of Er3+-doped Y2O3 laser based on 4I11/2 → 4I13/2 transitions. Laser material was diode-pumped directly into an upper laser manifold 4I11/2 in order to minimize quantum defect of this Mid-IR laser. CW output power of over 1.6 W at ~ 2.7 μm was achieved with the 27.5% slope efficiency, which is approaching the quantum defect-limited efficiency value despite the marginal optical quality of the available laser sample.
Surfactant quaternary ammonium hydrotris(1-pyrazolyl)borates.

Quaternary ammonium surfactants with the hydrotris(1-pyrazolyl)borate anion as an unusual counterion were prepared and characterized. Dodecyl- (1a), tetradecyl- (1b), and hexadecyltrimethylammonium hydrotris(1-pyrazolyl)borate (1c), as well as didodecyldimethylammonium hydrotris(1-pyrazolyl)borate (2), were prepared by metathesis reactions with the corresponding quaternary ammonium bromides and potassium hydrotris(1-pyrazolyl)borate (4). Although the surfactants have limited stabilities in water at 23 °C, they were characterized by measurement of their Krafft temperatures and critical aggregation concentrations. 1H NMR spectroscopy suggested that the single-chain surfactants 1 form small aggregates in water and revealed an association of the quaternary ammonium and hydrotris(1-pyrazolyl)borate ions above their critical aggregation concentrations. Cryo-etch high-resolution scanning electron microscopy indicated that 1a and 1b most likely form segregation patterns upon plunge-freezing and cryo-etching of th...
Activation Patterns of Murine T Cells after Oral Administration of an Enterocoated Soluble Antigen

Abstract An orally administered soluble protein antigen, ovalbumin (OVA), enterocoated with an acid-resistant acrylic polymer, induced a strong humoral immune response in BDF 1 mice, exhibiting Th2 cell phenotype, typified by increased OVA-specific IgA, IgG1, and IgE antibody responses. This antibody response was accompanied by OVA-specific T cell proliferation response and IL-4 cytokine production. Mice fed enterocoated OVA and administered anti-IL-4 mAb showed a shift of the immune response toward the Th1 cell phenotype as evidenced by increased IFN-γ production and anti-OVA IgG2a isotype antibody response. Additionally, in mice fed OVA solution and simultaneously administered anti-IL-4, we saw a slight but significant expression of Th1 cell phenotype. In conclusion, our data indicate that the dominance of Th2 cell phenotype in oral immunity is strongly influenced by the production and presence of IL-4.
The ST5000: a high-precision star tracker and attitude determination system

The University of Wisconsin's Space Astronomy Laboratory has designed and built a Star Tracker suitable for use on sounding rockets and class D satellites. This device brings together autonomous attitude determination ("Lost in Space" mode), multi-star tracking, and a novel form of Progressive Image Transmission (US patent #5,991,816), which allows the device to be used as an ultra-low bandwidth imager. The Star Tracker 5000 (ST5000) reached operational status in a suborbital sounding rocket flight in August 2007. The ST5000 determined the rocket's inertial (FK5) attitude with arcsecond precision using its autonomous attitude determination capability, and then provided continuous sub-arc-second tracking for the full 360-second on-target portion of the flight. The ST5000 RMS tracking error was 0.54 arc-seconds in yaw and pitch, and 17 arc-seconds in roll. The vehicle RMS jitter was 0.5 arc-seconds in yaw and pitch, and 10 arc-seconds in roll. The ST5000 was funded by NASA grants NAG5-7026 and NAG5-8588.
P81: The impact of an institutional review panel on patient selection. How do panel decisions affect patient selection?

Background: In order to identify high-risk patients, we developed a five-point graded screening tool to select bariatric surgery candidates for further review at a monthly multi-disciplinary institutional review board. The score is based on BMI, co-morbidities, performance status, pulmonary status and age. Patients with scores higher then 10 were presented to the board for further evaluation. Methods: We analyzed 40 consecutive patients who were presented to the panel. The panel’s team-members include surgeons, endocrinologists, cardiologists, nurse-practitioners, anesthesiologists and psychologists. Data collection included age, sex, BMI, co-morbidities, score results as well as the review board decisions regarding approval for surgery. Results: The average BMI and weight of the patients presented to the board was 54.8 and 338 lb. The mean age was 57.5 years with 29/40 (72.5%) females. 90% of the patients had impaired pulmonary status, and 50% had limited mobility. The average screening score for patients presented was 12.25. Surgery was approved in 24/40 cases (60%), further workup was requested in 6/40 patients (15%) and in 10/40 (25%) surgery was denied. There were no statistical significant differences between the groups for weight, BMI, total score. Patients that were denied surgery had a statistically significant higher co-morbidity score (6.9 vs. 4.5) and a lower performance status (1.6 vs. 1.0). Also, patients that were denied surgery were statistically significant younger compared to the group approved for surgery (50.4 vs. 59.8). Conclusion: The data suggest that the use of a graded screening tool allows the identification of high risk patients and that panel decisions seem to be based on underlying medical risks, reflected in a higher co-morbidity score, more than overall risk factors such as absolute weight, age and BMI.
Does procedural volume matter in the efficacy of self-expanding stents in patients with esophageal cancer?

Does procedural volume matter in the efficacy of self-expanding stents in patients with esophageal cancer?
Wireless LAN location-sensing for security applications

This paper considers the problem of using wireless LAN location-sensing for security applications. Recently, Bayesian methods have been successfully used to determine location from wireless LAN signals, but such methods have the drawback that a model must first be built from training data. The introduction of model error can drastically reduce the robustness of the location estimates and such errors can be actively induced by malicious users intent on hiding their location. This paper provides a technique for increasing robustness in the face of model error and experimentally validates this technique by testing against unmodeled hardware, modulation of power levels, and the placement of devices outside the trained workspace. Our results have interesting ramifications for location privacy in wireless networks.
Nongenomic actions of estradiol compared with estrone and estriol in pituitary tumor cell signaling and proliferation

Physiological estrogens, including estrone (E(1)), estradiol (E(2)), and estriol (E(3)), fluctuate with life stage, suggesting specific roles for them in biological and disease processes. We compared their nongenomic signaling and functional actions in GH3/B6/F10 rat pituitary tumor cells. All hormones caused prolactin release at 1 min; the lowest effective concentrations were 10(-11) M E(2), 10(-10) M E(1), and 10(-7) M E(3). All estrogens increased the oscillation frequency of calcium (Ca) spikes, with the same time delay (approximately 200 s) at all levels (10(-15) to 10(-9) M). At some concentrations, E(1) and E(3) provoked more Ca-responding cells than E(2). The amplitude and volume of Ca peaks were elevated by all hormones at > or = 10(-15) M. All hormones caused cell proliferation, with the lowest effective concentrations of E(2) (10(-15) M) > E(1) (10(-12) M) > E(3) (10(-10) M); E(2) caused higher maximal cell numbers at most concentrations. All estrogens caused oscillating extracellular-regulated kinase (ERK) activations, with relative potencies of E(1) and E(2) > E(3). All estrogens were ineffective in activation of ERKs or causing proliferation in a subline expressing low levels of membrane estrogen receptor-alpha. Dose-response patterns were frequently nonmonotonic. Therefore, the hormones E(1) and E(3), which have been designated "weak" estrogens in genomic actions, are strong estrogens in the nongenomic signaling pathways and functional responses in the pituitary.
IgM rheumatoid factor and low molecular weight IgM. An association with vasculitis.

The occurrence of IgG rheumatoid factor (IgG RF) and low molecular weight IgM (7S IgM) has been studied in the sera of rheumatoid patients with and without vasculitis. IgG RF was found in 67% of patients with vasculitis and in only 9% of patients without vasculitis. 7S IgM was found in 80% of patients with rheumatoid vasculitis and only 18% of patients without vasculitis. Both IgG RF and 7S IgM occurred simultaneously in 60% of patients with vasculitis and 6% of patients without vasculitis. Techniques for demonstrating IgG RF and 7S IgM in serum are described. The findings reported suggest that immune complexes containing IgG RF and possibly low-molecular weight IgM may be involved in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid vasculitis.
Development of a new biosensor system for the determination of the hypoxanthine ratio, an indicator of fish freshenss

Abstract A biosensor system has been develoed to measure the hypoxanthine concentration ration [Hx]/[Hx + INO + IMP], an indicator for fish freshness. The biosensory system consisted of a detection chamber equipped with an amperometric electrode (platinum anode vs silver/silver chloride cathode polarized at + 0.7 volt). After being cross-linked with bovine serum albumin and then deposited on a preactivated nylon membrane, immobilized xanthine oxidase was attached to the sensing area of the electrode and used for determination of hypoxanthine (Hx). The amperometric probe detected both hydrogen peroxide and uric acid released from the biooxidation of hypoxanthine. Nucleotidase immobilized on the all of a polystyrene tube precoated with polyethylenimine was used for conversion of inosine-5′-monophosphate (IMP) to inosine (INO). After injection of soluble nucleoside phosphorylase (NP) and phosphate to the detection chamber, the resulting INO was introduced for determination of [Hx + INO + IMP]. For repeated analyses, guanosine was added during the course of hypoxanthine measurement to prevent contaminating reactions from residual NP as well as to reduce the level phosphate. In the presence of phosphate, the residual NP catalysed guanosine to guanine and ribose-1-phosphate, which are known as the strong NP inhibitors. When applied to cod and trout, the hypoxanthine ratio (H value) obtained by the biosensor system agreed well with that of the conventional enzymatic assay.
FREQUENCY OF VISITATION BY DIVORCED FATHERS: Differences in Reports by Fathers and Mothers

Most previous research documenting the frequent abandonment by fathers of contact with their children has been based on survey responses of custodial mothers. The present survey of 220 divorcing couples revealed that the noncustodial parents reported significantly more visits with their children, as well as significantly more denial of visitation by their ex-spouses, than did the custodial parents.
Microelectrodes as probes in low electrolyte solutions : the reduction of quinone in aqueous sulfuric acid solution

Abstract The steady-state voltammetric behavior of quinone in dilute aqueous solutions of sulfuric acid has been investigated at platinum disk microelectrodes and compared with the model presented by Oldham (J. Electroanal. Chem., 250 (1988) 1). At high concentrations of sulfuric acid, a single voltammetric wave whose limiting current is predicted by Oldham's model is observed. As the concentration of the sulfuric acid is lowered relative to that of the quinone, the single voltammetric wave splits into two waves. The first wave is due to the two-electron reduction of quinone in acidic solution and the magnitude of its limiting current agrees with that predicted by Oldham's model. The second wave also results from the reduction of quinone but occurs at a more negative potential owing to the change in pH at the electrode surface. Such a process was not considered in Oldham's model.
An empirical analysis of providing assurance for self-adaptive systems at different levels of abstraction in the face of uncertainty

Self-adaptive systems (SAS) must frequently continue to deliver acceptable behavior at run time even in the face of uncertainty. Particularly, SAS applications can self-reconfigure in response to changing or unexpected environmental conditions and must therefore ensure that the system performs as expected. Assurance can be addressed at both design time and run time, where environmental uncertainty poses research challenges for both settings. This paper presents empirical results from a case study in which search-based software engineering techniques have been systematically applied at different levels of abstraction, including requirements analysis, code implementation, and run-time validation, to a remote data mirroring application that must efficiently diffuse data while experiencing adverse operating conditions. Experimental results suggest that our techniques perform better in terms of providing assurance than alternative software engineering techniques at each level of abstraction.
Nasointestinal tube for decompression or enteroclysis: Experience with 150 patients

The initial clinical experience with the use of a triple lumen long tube designed for gastrointestinal decompression and enteroclysis is reported in 150 patients. Based on clinical observations, this tube is effective in suctioning retained gastric and intestinal fluid but requires frequent irrigation of the sump port for effective decompression of distended small bowel. In all patients with a preexisting nasogastric tube, the replacement by the decompression/enteroclysis tube was considered more comfortable by the patients. Successful placement of the tube in the jejunum was achieved in 147 of 150 consecutive patients on the initial attempt. The use of this tube obviates dual intubations for decompression and enteroclysis, the attendant discomfort on the patient, and it expedites subsequent performance of enteroclysis if needed. The complications reported with other long intestinal tubes were not observed with this device.
Predation by longfin smelt (Spirinchus thaleichthys) on the mysidNeomysis mercedisin Lake Washington

Summary 1. Longfin smelt and mysid samples collected in Lake Washington from 1988 to 1992 were examined, and historic data on smelt and mysid abundance were reviewed to assess the impacts of smelt predation on Neomysis mercedis. The feeding habits of smelt were also examined for differences between odd and even years, and seasonal and ontogenetic variations in smelt diet were described. 2. A reciprocal relationship in the abundance of 1+ smelt and Neomysis suggested that smelt regulate mysid abundance in the lake. 3. The proportion of smelt diet contributed by mysids was higher for less abundant year classes of smelt. 4. These results indicate that intraspecific competition for scarce mysids occurs in the even-year classes of smelt.
Automatic Sampling Device for Study of Synchronized Cultures of Microorganisms

A versatile automatic culture-sampling system is described and data are presented from experiments in which this device was used to study growth and synchronized cell division in Euglena gracilis.
Blue Light Interference in the Phytochrome-controlled Germination of the Spores of Cheilanthes farinosa

Short exposure of the spores of Cheilanthes farinosa to low intensity red light promotes their germination, which is not reversed by a subsequent exposure to far red light. Germination is, however, inhibited by blue light administered before or after red light. Inhibition of germination by blue light is annulled by exposure to a higher intensity of red light, and germination of the repromoted spores is inhibited by far red light. Mutual photoreversibility of germination is also observed in repromoted spores irradiated successively with far red and red light. Although germination appears to be basically under phytochrome control, it is postulated that the presence of a blue light-absorbing pigment interferes with phytochrome transformations in the spores.
Protein Kinase C Isoform Diversity in Preconditioning

Protein kinase C (PKC) appears to be a common intracellular effector and signal collector during cardiac preconditioning; however, it remains unknown whether agonists that activate different PKC isoforms are also linked to select aspects of myocardial protection. Using agonists that are known to activate unique combinations of PKC isoforms, we interrogated the relationship between isoform activation and the different aspects (pH, function, and viability) of endogenous myocardial protection. To study this, isolated rat hearts were subjected to ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) (20 min/40 min), without (control = Ctrl) or with receptor-dependent [phenylephrine (PE), 50 microM; adenosine (ADO), 125 microM] or -independent [phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), 100 nM] activation of PKC. Function, pH, and viability were assessed by rate pressure product (%RPP) and coronary flow (CF; ml/min), by 31P NMR, and by CF creatine kinase (CK; U/liter) leak, respectively. PMA, which activates PKC delta but not eta, resulted in intracellular pH (pHi) and viability protection, but did not protect against postischemic myocardial stunning. ADO, which activates PKC eta but not delta, protects against stunning, but not acidosis or necrosis. PE, which activates PKC delta and eta, provided global myocardial protection against necrosis, acidosis, and stunning. Different PKC isoforms may be linked to distinct aspects of myocardial protection. Targeted activation of PKC isoforms may allow precise mechanistic application of preconditioning-like myocardial protection.
Bringing Language to Life in Second-Year Spanish.

Concerned that her students “knew” Spanish but could not use it in real life situations, Davis created new learning goals, new learning activities, and new assessment activities. Result? New kinds of significant learning.
The syntax, pragmatics, and sociolinguistics of left- and right-dislocations in French

Abstract Aspects of the syntax, pragmatics and sociolinguistic distribution of left- and right-dislocations in a corpus of spoken French are treated. Most tokens of both types have clear pragmatic motivation, two functions being common to both, with other functions particular to one or another type. The social distribution of weakly motivated tokens does not support the view that, as French moves toward verb-initial typology, dislocated subjects are being grammaticalized as ordinary subjects.
A smoking-associated 7-gene signature for lung cancer diagnosis and prognosis

Smoking is responsible for 90% of lung cancer cases. There is currently no clinically available gene test for early detection of lung cancer in smokers, or an effective patient selection strategy for adjuvant chemotherapy in lung cancer treatment. In this study, concurrent coexpression with multiple signaling pathways was modeled among a set of genes associated with smoking and lung cancer survival. This approach identified and validated a 7-gene signature for lung cancer diagnosis and prognosis in smokers using patient transcriptional profiles (n=847). The smoking-associated gene coexpression networks in lung adenocarcinoma tumors (n=442) were highly significant in terms of biological relevance (network precision = 0.91, FDR<0.01) when evaluated with numerous databases containing multi-level molecular associations. The gene coexpression network in smoking lung adenocarcinoma patients was confirmed in qRT-PCR assays of the identified biomarkers and involved signaling pathway genes in human lung adenocarcinoma cells (H23) treated with 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK). Furthermore, the western blotting results of p53, phospho-p53, Rb and EGFR in NNK-treated H23 and transformed normal human lung epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) support their functional involvement in smoking-induced lung cancer carcinogenesis and progression.
Surfactant enhanced perchloroethylene dissolution in porous media : The effect on mass transfer rate coefficients

The effect of a surfactant on the mass transfer rate coefficient, K, during the dissolution of a nonaqueous phase liquid (NAPL) was investigated using batch and column experiments. Batch experiments were performed at several surfactant concentrations holding the interfacial area between perchloroethylene (PCE) and the surfactant solution constant. Porous media experiments were also conducted at the same surfactant concentrations and an unknown interfacial area to evaluate the effect of the surfactant on the mass transfer rate coefficient, K, during dissolution of PCE from residual saturation to zero saturation. The experimental results show the following: (1) The addition of surfactant at concentrations below its critical micelle concentration (CMC) yields almost no difference in mass transfer rate coefficient despite a 3-fold decline in surface tension. (2) Above surfactant CMC, the presence of surfactant reduces the mass transfer rate coefficient. (3) Though a decrease in mass transfer rate coefficient...
Synthesis of an adsorb reversed-phase packing material for the separation of proteins and peptides☆

Abstract We have described the preparation and chromatographic evaluation of an adsorbed hydrophobic stationary phase suitable for reversed-phase chromatography of proteins and peptides. The synthetic procedure involves three steps: (1) the adsorption of a polyamine to the silica surface; (2) crosslinking of the adsorbed polyamine layer with a bis-phenyl difunctional epoxide; and (3) the benzoylation of the remaining accessible amino groups. Performance of this chromatographic material compared favorably with Synchropak RP-8 silica (SynChrom, Linden, IN, U.S.A.) and was stable to 40% formic acid. Good separations were obtained between the components of sample mixtures containing proteins or the cyanogen bromide fragments of sperm whale myoglobin. However, in both cases, the adsorbed hydrophobic stationary phase was less retentive. Futhermore, this medium exhibited slightly different selectivity. Whereas the heme which was present in the cynogen bromide digest of myoglobin desorbed as the second peak from the RP-8 column, it eluted last from the adsorbed stationary phase. Comparable performance, acid stability and alternate selectivity suggest that this material is an interesting alternative to organosilane reversed-phase coatings.
Nanoscale Size Dependence on Metallic Nanoparticles: Case Study of Titanium Nanoparticles on Pulsed Laser Sintering of Hydroxyapatite/Titanium Nanoparticles

Nanoscale size effects on pulsed laser coating of hydroxyapatite/titanium nanoparticles on metal substrate is discussed in this article. Laser coating method has recently been developed to coat bioceramics material on Ti-6Al-4V substrate. Laser-coated bioceramics implants have several advantages due to the use of nanosized materials: strong interfacial bonding strength, good biocompatibility and potentially longer lifetime cycle. These advantages benefit from intrinsic properties of nanoparticles. Size effects on melting point, heat capacity, thermal and electrical conductivities have been discussed. Multiphysics model is built to reveal the mechanism of laser coating process. Two sub-modules are included in the model: electromagnetic module to represent the laser-nanoparticle interactions and heat transfer module to simulate the heat conduction. Both simulation and experimental results showed that nanoTi, functioning as nanoheaters, effectively enhances the laser coating sinterability. For large nanoTi (>100 nm), sinterability enhancement mainly attributes to the stronger laser-particle interactions due to higher plasmon resonance; for small nanoparticles (<100 nm), not only stronger laser-nanoparticle interactions, reduction on melting point also contributes to sinterability enhancement.© 2011 ASME
Thermal Investigation Into Power Multiplexing for Homogeneous Many-Core Processors

In this paper, a proactive thermal management technique called “power multiplexing” is explored for many-core processors. Power multiplexing involves redistribution of the locations of active cores at regular time intervals to obtain uniform thermal profile with low peak temperature. Three different migration policies namely random, cyclic, and global coolest replace have been employed for power multiplexing and their efficacy in reducing the peak temperature and thermal gradient on chip is investigated. For a given migration frequency, global coolest replace policy is found to be the most effective among the three policies considered as this policy provides 10 °C reduction in peak temperature and 20 °C reduction in maximum spatial temperature difference on a 256 core chip. Power configuration on the chip is characterized by a parameter called “proximity index” which emerges as an important parameter to represent the spatial power distribution on a chip. We also notice that the overall performance of the chip could be improved by 10% using global multiplexing.
Reconstruction of mode shapes using Shannon's sampling theorem and its application to the nondestructive damage localization algorithm

Shannon's sampling theorem is used here for the first time to reconstruct the mode shapes, resulting from equidistantly spaced sampling points obtained in the field, associated with building structures. The feasibility of reconstructing mode shapes of a structural system using a minimum number of sensors is investigated. To evaluate the feasibility of the method, the first three mode shapes of a simply supported beam and a mode shape represented by a parabolic equation are reconstructed. We find that the error between the true mode shapes and the reconstructed mode shapes reduces significantly as the number of the repeats of sampling points increases. The comparisons between exact and reconstructed mode shapes are presented, in addition to values for the modal assurance criteria (MAC) for the exact and reconstructed modes. The practicality of using these reconstructed mode shapes obtained via Shannon's sampling theorem is demonstrated using a recently developed nondestructive damage localization algorithm. The results show that the reconstructed mode shapes, generated using a minimum number of sensors, can indeed be used to localize damage.© (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Imparting a phase during excitation for improved resolution in surface nuclear magnetic resonance

ABSTRACTSurface nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a geophysical technique that provides the ability to noninvasively image water content in the subsurface. To improve the ability of this method to produce images representative of the true subsurface structure, we require high spatial resolution. We derive a method to provide improved spatial resolution through the use of novel excitation strategies designed to enhance and exploit the information content within the quadrature component of the NMR signal. In a traditional surface NMR experiment, the frequency of the perturbing magnetic field (B1) is chosen to equal the Larmor frequency of the hydrogen nuclei in the subsurface. In this case, it is assumed that the signal phase is determined entirely by the conductivity structure of the subsurface. Several studies have found that modeling the signal phase accurately and inverting a complex-valued NMR signal, can improve the spatial resolution of the surface NMR water content images. We propose alternative e...
Tumescent liposuction: Operative technique

The tumescent technique for liposuction is a new and improved method for body sculpting. Although the technique allows liposuction under local anesthesia, its benefits extend beyond pain ablation. Tumescent liposuction results in negligible blood loss with diminished bruising, provides complete fluid replacement, and facilitates use of smaller cannulas.
Carbostyril derivatives as antenna molecules for luminescent lanthanide chelates.

Luminescent lanthanide complexes consisting of a lanthanide-binding chelate and organic-based antenna molecule have unusual emission properties, including millisecond excited state lifetimes and sharply spiked spectra, compared to standard organic fluorophores. We have previously used carbostyril (cs124, 7-amino-4-methyl-2(1H)-quinolinone) as an antenna molecule (Li and Selvin, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1995) attached to a polyaminocarboxylate chelate such as DTPA. Here, we report the chelate syntheses of DTPA conjugated with cs124 derivatives substituted on the 1-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, and 8-position. Among them, the DTPA chelate of cs124-6-SO3H has similar lifetime and brightness for both Tb3+ and Eu3+ compared to the corresponding DTPA−cs124 complexes, yet it is significantly more soluble in water. The Tb3+ complex of DTPA−cs124-8-CH3 has significantly longer lifetime compared to DTPA−cs124 (1.74 vs 1.5 ms), indicating higher lanthanide quantum yield resulting from the elimination of back emission energy transfer ...
Regulation by glucocorticoids of rat-liver phenylalanine hydroxylase In Vivo

Phenylalanine hydroxylase, a liver-associated enzyme, is induced markedly by glucocorticoids in two permanent rat-hepatoma cell lines. In order to gain evidence that this phenomenon also occurs in vivo , we examined the effect of adrenalectomy and/or hormone supplementation on the levels of phenylalanine hydroxylase in the livers of adult rats: glucocorticoid administration increases, and adrenal ablation reduces, the activity of the hepatic enzyme, and the diminution occurring in the latter instance is entirely prevented by concurrent hormone replacement. These results thus corroborate earlier findings from a single experiment and are consistent with the hypothesis that adrenal corticosteroid hormones participate in modulating phenylalanine-hydroxylase levels within the diploid hepatocyte.
Characterization of airborne particles during production of carbonaceous nanomaterials.

Despite the rapid growth in nanotechnology, very little is known about the unintended health or environmental effects of manufactured nanomaterials. The development of nanotechnology risk assessments and regulations requires quantitative information on the potential for exposure to nanomaterials. The objective of this research is to characterize airborne particle concentrations during the production of carbonaceous nanomaterials, such as fullerenes and carbon nanotubes, in a commercial nanotechnology facility. We measured fine particle mass concentrations (PM2.5), submicrometer size distributions, and photoionization potential, an indicator of the particles’ carbonaceous content, at three locations inside the facility: inside the fume hood where nanomaterials were produced, just outside the fume hood, and in the background. The measurements were not selective for engineered nanomaterials and may have included both engineered nanomaterials and naturally occurring or incidental particles. Average PM2.5 and ...
Development of resistance to botulinum toxin type A in patients with torticollis

Between 1984 and 1992, 559 patients with torticollis were treated with botulinum toxin type A (btx) injections. Twenty-four of these 559 patients (4.3%) had serological evidence of antibodies to btx by mouse neutralization assay. Some of the 559 patients had only one or two injection series, whereas others were lost to follow-up, so that the actual prevalence of serologically detectable antibodies may be higher than 4%. In addition, some patients who improved after btx injections lost benefit and stopped developing muscle atrophy from adequate doses of btx, without serological evidence of antibodies. To evaluate the risk factors for btx resistance (loss of benefit and muscle atrophy after injections with or without serological evidence of antibodies), we reviewed the records of a cohort of torticollis patients injected over 2-45 months (mean, 23 months) beginning in 1988. Eight of 76 patients (10.5%) developed btx resistance. Compared to nonresistant patients from the same cohort, these eight patients received more frequent injections, had more "booster injections" 2-3 weeks after an initial injection, and received higher doses of btx per treatment. In order to minimize the risk of developing btx resistance, therefore, we recommend that physicians wait as long as possible (at least 1 month) between btx injections, avoid booster injections, and use the smallest possible doses.
Performance of autofocusing schemes for single target and populated scenes behind unknown walls

The quality and reliability of through-the-wall radar imagery is governed, among other things, by the knowledge of the wall characteristics. Ambiguity in wall characteristics has a two-fold effect. It smears and blurs the image, and also shifts the imaged target positions. Higher order standardized moments have been shown to be suitable measures of the degree of smearing and blurriness of through-the-wall images. These moments can be used to tune the wall variables to achieve autofocusing. It is noted that the solution to the autofocusing problem is not unique, and there exist several assumed wall characteristics, in addition to the exact, that lead to similar focused images. In this paper, we analyze the dependency of the estimated autofocusing wall parameters on the imaged scene, specifically target density and location, in the presence of single uniform wall. We consider single and multiple target cases with different scene complexity and population. Supporting simulation results are also provided.
Molecular-Level Control of Feature Separation in One-Dimensional Nanostructure Assemblies Formed by Biomolecular Nanolithography

In this paper, we present a convenient and reliable method to organize small gold nanoparticles (dCORE = 1.5 nm) into linear chains with precisely controlled interparticle spacing over a range of 1.5−2.8 nm through biomolecular nanolithography. Controlling the feature separations of 1 to a few nanometers with angstrom-level precision is a key requirement in electronic and optical applications of nanostructures to tune the properties of the nanostructures and manipulate the interactions between neighboring structures. Here, chains are formed in solution by utilizing functional-group-directed self-assembly to organize ligand-stabilized gold nanoparticles onto DNA templates. The spacing between neighboring nanoparticles can be controlled chemically and tuned at the molecular level by utilizing nanoparticles possessing ligand shells of varying thickness to achieve angstrom-level resolution at spacings of 1.5, 2.1, and 2.8 nm. The small standard deviation (≤20%) in the values for the interparticle spacing illu...