cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Lessons from a Brazilian-U.S. cooperative health program: the serviço especial de saúde pública.

Brazil is now considered a rising economic power, rich in natural resources and innovative uses of agricultural products produced in its vast rural interior. One example, the use of ethanol as a major fuel source, has been hailed as a major achievement both economically and politically. Yet, as this article makes plain, this emergence is of very recent origins and was not accomplished without a major restructuring of its rural health system. In this installment of Public Health Chronicles , we learn of early efforts during World War II to provide health care to Brazil's rural population and to stabilize the rural economy. The effort to create an infrastructure for health was part of a larger effort to extract rubber and other needed wartime necessities and laid the groundwork for a more permanent health system.
Language ecology for the 21st century: linguistic conflicts and social environments

Popularised by linguist Einar Haugen in a seminal 1971 paper, language ecology is at once a term, a metaphor, a discipline, a field of study, and a heuristic framework. Its focus is clear: language...
An abstract d'Alembert formula

he abstract d’Alembert formula expresses solutions of the factored linear equation $\prod_{j = 1}^n {({d / {dt - A_j }})u(t) = 0} $ as $u(t) = \sum_{j = 1}^n {u_j (t)} $, where $({d / {dt - A_j }})u_j (t) = 0$ for $j = 1, \cdots ,n$ Here each $A_j $ generates $a(C_0 )$ semigroup on a Banach space X and suitable hypotheses hold. Applications are made to asymptotic theory, specifically to equipartition of energy and to scattering theory.
Two Aspects of the Time Element in Interplanetary Flight

Ion rockets do not suffer from some of the limitations imposed by the high fuel consumption of chemical rockets. They allow us to consider, therefore, the use of non-minimal orbits to the inner planets and the use of reasonable transfer times on flights to the outer planets. In the former connection it is shown that even when rockets of very high characteristic velocity are used, there are still long periods during which transfers between Earth and Mars cannot be made. In the latter connection some design characteristics of very high powered ion rockets are derived and applied in the case of a flight between Earth and Neptune. It is shown that this requires power conversion units having a power output per unit mass of the order of ten times that of a unit that is adequate for an Earth-Mars rocket.
Three Honest Men

In the mid-1970s, Philip French, a film critic for the Observer and producer of talks and documentaries for the BBC’s Third Programme, now Radio Three, produced three programs on major literary critics, taking Edmund Wilson, F. R. Leavis, and Lionel Trilling as his subjects. Splicing together queries and observations of his own with taped reminiscences by others, French assembled what he called “critical mosaics,” in which the outlines of these critics’ careers were drawn, to the degree they could be, in miniature. It is the method of oral history brought to the history of ideas, and as any documentarian knows it is no simple matter to select the right commentators and to elicit from them responses that are both exact and mutually complementary.
Where do Bioethicists Come From

How bioethicists reproduce themselves is one of the great mysteries of modern metaphysics, and perhaps, one of the greatest miracles of modern medicine. Cultists of both varieties, despite their surface disputes, assert unanimously that we are not our bodies. Their moral projects unite not only in opposing human animality, but in wholly disembodying the transcendent souls and autonomous agents they respectively venerate. In this they assert at once the fact of metaphysical dualism, and the moral demand that we transcend any animal accompaniments of human nature. They follow, thereby, the vast bulk of the Western moral tradition in defining human worth and moral capacity wholly in opposition to human animality. Given that heritage, utilitarianism might seem an attractive alternative to either cult, as it harkens back to the Epicureans who defined persons as their bodies. Historically, however, all such efforts have been dismissed, predictably, as animalistic, as degrading, as beneath human dignity. Epicurus himself advocated a life of comparatively simple pleasures, a life predicated on enjoying experiences in themselves, experiences identified as pleasurable and thus good, or not pleasurable and thus not good, by the human body. Eschewing references to any transcendence beyond our embodied sensibilities, he recommended instead that we seek contentment in easily attained enjoyments, in the time available to us across our natural lifespan.
Overcoming the Many Pitfalls of Communicating Risk

Health and medical decisions are based, in part, on the extent to which individuals believe that they are likely to experience a health problem. These risk perceptions can be influenced by healthcare providers and public health practitioners who seek to enable people to make informed medical decisions and encourage them to engage in healthy behaviors. However, meaningful comprehension of risk information involves cognitive, intuitive, and affective processes, as well as contextual features that shape one’s perspective. This complexity makes it difficult to communicate risk information effectively. This chapter provides a very brief theoretical orientation to the concepts of risk perception and communication, and then focuses intensively on specific strategies for avoiding common mistakes made by well-meaning risk communicators: Adhering to basic good communication practices, recognizing limitations in numeracy, defining effective risk communication as more than simple recall of likelihood information, providing specific risk reduction recommendations, and using risk communication strategies that increase comprehension and evaluative meaning.
Still Life with Tobacco: The Archaeological Uses of Dutch Art

Historical archaeologists often make considerable use of 17th-century Dutch still life and genre art to document and interpret material life in the early colonial period. In colonial Chesapeake archaeology, this art has been used to identify artifacts, to reconstruct the material and social contexts in which artifacts were used, and to imagine what the past was like in early Maryland and Virginia. This paper argues for a more critical approach to the use of Dutch art in the interpretation of colonial life by comparing the representations of women smoking tobacco in Dutch art with archaeological evidence of women’s tobacco consumption at early domestic Chesapeake sites. Although smoking by women is rarely depicted in Dutch art, archaeological data indicate that Chesapeake women regularly consumed tobacco. Museum representations of early colonial women, which also draw heavily on Dutch art in their depictions of the colonial past, rarely show tobacco smoking. These representations and the archaeological evidence raise important questions about the relationship between artistic and archaeological context and about social attitudes concerning tobacco use in the 17th and the 21st centuries.
UCH-L1 Cooperates with BCL6 and Identifies Patients with Aggressive Germinal Center Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma

Abstract Gene expression profiling has identified two major subclasses of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Cases resembling germinal center B-cells (GCB-DLBCL) generally occur in younger patients, have a distinct molecular pathophysiology, and have improved outcomes compared with those similar to activated post-germinal center cells (ABC-DLBCL). We previously found that the ubiquitin hydrolase UCH-L1 is frequently overexpressed in mature B-cell malignancies and is a potent oncogene in mice. The cause for its overexpression in lymphoma, and whether it impacts the outcome of patients with DLBCL is unknown. Here we show that UCH-L1 reflects germinal center lineage in lymphoma and is an oncogenic biomarker of aggressive GCB-DLBCL. We find that UCH-L1 is specifically induced in germinal center B-cells in mice and humans, and that its expression correlates highly with the GCB subtype in DLBCL. Despite the typically good outcomes of GCB-DLBCL, increased UCHL1 identifies a subgroup with early relapses independent of MYC expression, suggesting biologic diversity in this subset of disease. We also find that UCH-L1 synergizes with BCL6 in a mouse model of germinal center B-cell lymphoma, but not with the development of multiple myeloma derived from post-germinal center cells. Consistent with this, forced Uchl1 overexpression had a substantial impact on gene expression in germinal center B-cells including pathways of cell cycle progression, cell death and proliferation, and DNA replication. These data demonstrate a novel role for UCH-L1 outside of the nervous system and suggest its potential use as a biomarker and therapeutic target in DLBCL. Disclosures Galardy: Mission Therapeutics: Research Funding.
Critical Section Investigator: Building Story Visualizations with Program Traces

Detecting performance problems that infrequently occur can be very difficult with traditional profilers. Most profilers only show the average time of execution or the total time a method contributes to the overall program's execution time. Most profilers do not explain or show why different control paths within a method executed may have resulted in variable execution times. When debugging concurrent programs for performance problems, the complexity and variability in execution time can potentially be even greater. In this paper we take a first step in visualizing individual method's different execution paths within multithreaded Java programs. We restrict our domain to looking at critical sections for this initial analysis, as variability in critical sections may cause more noticeable performance variation. Our software visualization tool, Critical Section Investigator (CSI), builds on the visualization and interaction techniques in previous works like KCachegrind with several enhancements. The result of our work is the first tool to our knowledge that visually shows potential performance differences in synchronized methods in Java programs using a profiling and storytelling structure.
Structured Matrix Problems from Tensors

This chapter looks at the structured matrix computations that arise in the context of various “svd-like” tensor decompositions. Kronecker products and low-rank manipulations are central to the theme. Algorithmic details include the exploitation of partial symmetries, componentwise optimization, and how we might beat the “curse of dimensionality.” Order-4 tensors figure heavily in the discussion.
Ensemble Sensitivity Analysis of Wind Ramp Events with Applications to Observation Targeting

AbstractWind ramps present a significant challenge to the wind energy industry and are a source of inefficiency for wind farm owners and power grid operators. One approach to investigating wind ramp predictability is ensemble sensitivity analysis (ESA), which relates a scalar response function to an atmospheric variable at an earlier time. Applying ESA to wind ramps is challenging because the transient nature of the events makes it difficult to capture the ramp with a traditional response function that is fixed in space and time. This study introduces four response functions that are allowed to vary in space and time in order to identify key features of the wind ramp, such as the timing of the ramp and the largest horizontal extent of the ramp. Comparing these event-based response functions to a traditional response function reveals key differences in the sensitivity, which indicates that different aspects of the wind ramp event are sensitive to different atmospheric features. The use of multiple response...
Sustained improvement in intraoperative efficiency following implementation of a dedicated surgical team for pediatric spine fusion surgery

Abstract Objective Determine if dedicated surgical teams can improve and sustain intraoperative efficiency for pediatric posterior spine fusion (PSF) Design Comparison of OR efficiency data from sequential summer improvement projects and outcome data following adoption of a dedicated surgical team model for PSF cases. Setting Academic tertiary pediatric hospital Participants Patients undergoing PSF for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, anesthesiology team, orthopedic surgeons, operating room nurses, neurophysiologists, radiology technicians, preoperative nurses, improvement advisors. Intervention(s) Dedicated surgical team care model for PSF developed using formal quality improvement methodology. Main outcome measure(s) Total operating room time for PSF surgery. Results A multidisciplinary quality improvement team developed and implemented a dedicated team model leading to a 29% reduction in total operating room time in summer 2015 pilot data compared to data collected during a less structured improvement effort in summer 2014. This dedicated team model was expanded to more complicated patients and another high-volume surgeon in January 2016 with consistent improvement in operative efficiency from a historical average of 395min to 317min following implementation of the dedicated team model. Conclusions Multidisciplinary efforts are useful for creating dedicated teams and sustainable reductions in total OR time for pediatric PSF.
Improved Sleep, Diet, and Exercise in Adults with Serious Mental Illness: Results from a Pilot Self-Management Intervention

Compared to the general population, adults with serious mental illnesses have elevated rates of medical morbidity resulting in a reduced life expectancy of approximately 15 years. Chronic disease self-management programs for adults with serious mental and chronic medical illnesses show some promise in improving physical health-related outcomes, yet none of them address sleep quality. Poor sleep affects a majority of adults with serious mental illness and is robust risk factor for physical morbidity and premature mortality. This pilot project examined the impact of a 14-week educational and support group that included sleep quality as a cornerstone in promoting wellness and self-management in 78 adults with serious mental illness and poor health. Results provide preliminary data that the self-management program was associated with significant improvements in self-reported sleep quality at post-intervention. At 3-month follow-up, participants reported additional increases in sleep quality as well as in healthy diet and exercise frequency. Addressing sleep quality as part of self-management and wellness programs may be a viable approach to assist adults with chronic mental and physical illnesses to adopt health-promoting changes.
Cardiac rehabilitation and readmissions after heart transplantation

Background Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is underutilized. CR is indicated after heart transplantation, but there are no data regarding CR participation in transplant recipients. We characterized current CR utilization amongst heart transplant recipients in the United States and the association of CR with one-year readmissions using the 2013-2014 Medicare files. Methods The study population included Medicare beneficiaries enrolled due to disability (patients on the transplant list are eligible for disability benefits under Medicare regulations) or age >65. We identified heart transplant patients by diagnosis codes and cumulated CR sessions occurring within one year after the transplant hospitalization. Results There were 2531 heart transplants in the United States in 2013, of which 595 patients (24%) received Medicare coverage and were included in the study. CR utilization was low, with 326 patients (55%) participating in CR programs. The Midwest had the highest proportion of transplant recipients initiating CR (68%, p=0.001). Patients initiating CR attended a mean of 26.7 (standard deviation 13.3) sessions, less than the generally prescribed program of 36 sessions. Transplant recipients age 35-49 were less likely to initiate CR (odds ratio (OR) 0.39, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.23-0.66, p 65. CR participation was associated with a 29% lower one-year readmission risk (95% CI 13%-42%, p=0.001). Conclusions Only half of cardiac transplant recipients participate in CR, and those that do have a lower one-year readmission risk. These data invite further study on barriers to CR in this population.
Taxonomy of Cross-Domain Attacks on CyberManufacturing System

Abstract CyberManufacturing system (CMS) is a concept for next generation manufacturing system where manufacturing components are seamlessly integrated through technologies such as the internet of things, cloud computing, sensors network, machine learning, and new manufacturing processes. A key to realizing the CMS is its ability to handle cyber-attacks. For example, infill malicious defects can be created by cyber-attacks in additive manufacturing processes, resulting in changes in yield load and strain at failure as well as natural frequency. Cyber-attacks on CMS are not just limited to attacks on its computing sphere. Cross-domain attacks over both the physical and the computing spheres become critical. A taxonomy has been developed to specify the nature of the attacks, particularly when they are cross-domain. The taxonomy can help security professionals identify and detect cross-domain attacks in CMS. The taxonomy has been constructed in four dimensions: attack vector, attack impact, attack target, and attack consequence. To illustrate how the taxonomy can be utilized in detecting cross-domain attacks on CMS, infill malicious attacks on 3D printing processes are used as an example.
What Twin Studies Tell Us About Brain Responses to Food Cues

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) using visual food cues provides insight into brain regulation of appetite in humans. This review sought evidence for genetic determinants of these responses. Echoing behavioral studies of food cue responsiveness, twin study approaches detect significant inherited influences on brain response to food cues. Both polygenic (whole genome) factors and polymorphisms in single genes appear to impact appetite regulation, particularly in brain regions related to satiety perception. Furthermore, genetic confounding might underlie findings linking obesity to stereotypical response patterns on fMRI, i.e., associations with obesity may actually reflect underlying inherited susceptibilities rather than acquired levels of adiposity. Insights from twin studies show that genes powerfully influence brain regulation of appetite, emphasizing the role of inherited susceptibility factors in obesity risk. Future research to delineate mechanisms of inherited obesity risk could lead to novel or more targeted interventional approaches.
Design and control methodology for improved operation of a HV bipolar hybrid switched capacitor converter

In this work, a novel dc-dc converter topology, an adaptation of the Hybrid Switched Capacitor Circuit (HSCC), is considered for use in high-gain, high voltage applications that also require high efficiency and superior power density. In particular, a bipolar HSCC design is described, and a candidate control methodology is set forth and developed analytically. The converter performance is demonstrated to be consistent with analysis. In addition, the converter is demonstrated to step 460V up to 8.63 kV (gain of 19) at 3.63 kW and nearly 97.0% efficiency.
Presynaptic congenital myasthenic syndrome with altered synaptic vesicle homeostasis linked to compound heterozygous sequence variants in RPH3A.

Author(s): Maselli, Ricardo A; Vazquez, Jessica; Schrumpf, Leah; Arredondo, Juan; Lara, Marian; Strober, Jonathan B; Pytel, Peter; Wollmann, Robert L; Ferns, Michael | Abstract: BackgroundMonogenic defects of synaptic vesicle (SV) homeostasis have been implicated in many neurologic diseases, including autism, epilepsy, and movement disorders. In addition, abnormal vesicle exocytosis has been associated with several endocrine dysfunctions.MethodsWe report an 11 year old girl with learning disabilities, tremors, ataxia, transient hyperglycemia, and muscle fatigability responsive to albuterol sulfate. Failure of neuromuscular transmission was confirmed by single fiber electromyography. Electron microscopy of motor nerve terminals revealed marked reduction in SV density, double-membrane-bound sacs containing SVs, abundant endosomes, and degenerative lamellar bodies. The patient underwent whole exome sequencing (WES) and relevant sequence variants were expressed and studied in a mammalian cell line.ResultsChromosomal microarray studies and next generation sequencing (NGS) of mitochondrial DNA were unrevealing; however, NGS of genomic DNA showed two rare sequence variants in the gene encoding rabphilin 3a (RPH3A). The paternally inherited variant c.806 GgA (p.Arg269Gln) involves a substitution of a conserved residue in the linker region, while the maternally inherited variant c.1390 GgT (p.Val464Leu) involves a conserved amino acid substitution in the highly conserved C2A region. Expression studies revealed that p.Arg269Gln strongly impairs the binding of rabphilin 3a to 14-3-3, which is a proposed regulator of synaptic transmission and plasticity. In contrast, the binding of rabphilin 3a to 14-3-3 is only marginally impaired by p.Val464Leu; thus, the pathogenic role of p.Val464Leu remains unclear.ConclusionIn summary, we report a patient with a multisystem neurologic disorder and altered SV regulation attributed to defects in RPH3A, which grants further studies of this gene in human disorders of synaptic transmission.
Numerical Simulation of Fiber and Wire Array Z-Pinches with Trac-II

Trac-II is a two dimensional axisymmetric resistive MHD code. It simulates all three spatial components (r, z, φ) of the magnetic field and fluid velocity vectors, and the plasma is treated as a single fluid with two temperatures (Te,Ti). In addition, it can optionally include a self-consistent external circuit. Recent modifications to the code include the addition of the 3-T radiation model, a 4-phase (solid-liquid-vapor-plasma) equation of state model (QEOS), a 4-phase electrical/thermal conductivity model, and an implicit solution of poloidal Bz,Br) magnetic field diffusion. These changes permit a detailed study of fiber and wire array Z-pinches. Specifically, Trac-II is used to study the wire array Z-pinch at the PBFA-Z pulse power generator at Sandia National Laboratory. First, in 1-D we examine the behavior of a single wire in the Z-pinch. Then, using these results as initial radial conditions in 2-D, we investigate the dynamics of wire array configurations in the r-z and r-θ plane. In the r-z plane we examine the growth of the m=0 or "sausage" instability in single wires within the array. In the r-θ plane we examine the merging behavior between neighboring wires. Special emphasis is placed on trying to explain how instability growth affects themore » performance of the Z-pinch. Lastly, we introduce Trac-III, a 3-D MHD code, and illustrate the m=1 or "kink" instability. We also discuss how Trac-III can be modified to simulate the wire array Z-pinch.« less
Serving Oppressed Communities: The Self-Help Approach

The self-help approach based upon author's thirteen years of association (as a community organizer, block club member, investigator, consultant) with East Akron Block Clubs, is presented as a method of helping the oppressed communities help themselves. The paper includes relevant information from a 1980 survey conducted by the author to understand the dynamics of effective neighborhood leadership in this area. The sample consisting of 78 respondents included: 20 presidents, 11 vice presidents, 19 secretaries, 14 treasurers, and 14 regular members of 20 active Block Clubs serving a population of approximately 5000
The Limbic System Defined

The term “limbic system,” coined in 1952 by MacLean, represents over three centuries of changing conceptual boundaries and terminology concerning a group of brain structures. The reasons for this continuing controversy are attributable to the different ways in which a set of structures can be organized conceptually. One method is simply to name each identifiable structure in the brain with no attempt to consolidate the individual units into groups. While this procedure has the advantage of eliminating controversy as to the appropriate subdivisions, the result would be chaotic. Even if there is not total agreement, general categories, such as hydrocarbons, mammals, and perhaps even the limbic system, can serve as useful concepts within their respective fields of science.
Abstract 4359: Adjusting for Major Clinical Covariates Improves the Diagnostic Performance of Brain Natriuretic Peptide for Distinguishing Cardiac from Non-cardiac Dyspnea

AHA 2008 Abstract #1 Introduction: Dyspneic patients with a BNP Methods: Patients presenting to the Salt Lake City VA Medical Center with dyspnea in 2007 were eligible. Data were collected by retrospective chart review. Physicians blinded to BNP values adjudicated outcomes. Dyspnea was attributed to HF if Framingham criteria for HF were met. The diagnostic characteristics of a BNP of 100 pg/mL were determined for the entire cohort and for the following subgroups: age > 75 years, history of AF, creatinine > 2 mg/dL, and BMI °¥ 30 kg/m 2 . Adjusted BNP cutoff values for each subgroup were determined that retained the sensitivity of the BNP cutoff value of 100 pg/mL in the entire cohort. Results: 349 patients met inclusion criteria. The adjusted BNP cutoff values that correspond to 91% sensitivity (the sensitivity of the BNP cutoff value of 100 pg/mL in the entire cohort) in the different subgroups were higher in those > 75 years of age, those with AF, and those with creatinine > 2 mg/dL but lower for the subgroup with BMI °¥ 30 kg/m 2 (Table). Due to improved specificity of these subgroup-specific BNP cutoff values, 22 (14%) patients > 75 years old, 5 (4%) patients with AF, and 12 (23%) patients with a creatinine > 2 mg/dL could be correctly reclassified as having non-cardiac dyspnea. The cutoff adjusted for BMI identified an additional 7 (4%) of obese patients as having HF but lacked sufficient specificity to increase overall diagnostic accuracy in this subgroup. Conclusions: Adjusting for the presence of clinical covariates may improve the accuracy of BNP in distinguishing cardiac from non-cardiac dyspnea. This approach is undergoing validation.
Intensive harvesting and site preparation decrease soil nitrogen availability in young plantations

Soil samples were collected in May 1983 from 5 sites with 1-to 5-yr-old Pinus taeda plantations in Alabama, North Carolina, Virginia and Georgia given varying harvesting, site preparation and silvicultural treatments. On 2 sites (Alabama, North Carolina), net N mineralization was higher (P = 0.07) in drum chopped plots (7.4-8.2 molg N per g soil) compared with plots that had been sheared, piled and disced (4.2-4.6 molg N per g soil) both following stem-only harvest. Herbicide application on one site (North Carolina) was significantly associated with increased potential net N mineralization. 22 references.
Sex pheromone of fall armyworm

Two components of the fall armyworm,Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), sex pheromone, (Z)-9-dodecen-1-ol acetate (DDA) and (Z)-9-tetradecen-1-ol (TDA), were tested alone and in combination to determine their effects on male sexual response and inhibition of mating in the laboratory. The threshold response for FAW males was lower for TDA than for DDA, and males responded to TDA over a wider range of dosages. Although TDA is not attractive to FAW males in the field, this compound was highly effective in reducing mating under laboratory conditions.
Study of Quantizer-Bandwidth in Continuous-Time Delta-Sigma Modulators

The effect of finite bandwidth of quantizers in continuous-time (CT) delta-sigma modulators (DSMs) is studied. It is shown that the finite quantizer-bandwidth in CTDSMs degrades the performance much more severely than it does in their discrete-time counterparts. It is demonstrated that CTDSMs with excess loop delay (ELD) compensation schemes require an even higher quantizer-bandwidth compared to ELD-free CTDSMs. Furthermore, it is shown that the required quantizer-bandwidth increases as the order and the out-of-band gain increases. Detailed mathematical analyses and simulation results are provided to show the effect of the finite quantizer-bandwidth.
Mitigation of the GOES-17 ABI performance issues in the NOAA ACSPO SST products

GOES-17 (G17), the second satellite in the NOAA GOES-R series with a new Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) radiometer onboard, was launched in Mar’2018 and declared the NOAA operational GOES-West satellite in Feb’2019. Sea Surface Temperature (SST) is one of the key geophysical products derived from ABI brightness temperatures (BTs) using the NOAA Advanced Clear-Sky Processor for Ocean (ACSPO) enterprise SST system. Following the launch of G17, an issue was discovered with its ABI loop heat pipe (LHP) that should maintain the ABI electronics (and in particular, Focal Plane Module, FPM) at their intended temperatures. There are two main implications. During normal operations, the G17 FPM temperature is elevated compared to the specifications (and compared to the ABI twin sensor onboard G16, which has been the NOAA operational GOES-East satellite since Dec’2017), leading to overall noisier BTs. During nighttime, especially in some seasons, when more sunlight impinges directly on the G17 ABI, its FPM temperature is elevated even further and becomes very unstable, resulting in increased noise and degraded ABI calibration (due to increased and band-specific emission from the focal plane itself), rendering measured BTs completely unusable for SST retrievals. The increased noise of the G17 ABI instrument necessitates changes in the ACSPO clear-sky mask (in particular, its spatial uniformity test), and in the collation-in-time algorithm introduced in ACSPO v2.60 for G16. When the ABI temperature is further elevated, its BTs in the longwave IR bands remain biased (although the calibration algorithm is expected to account for changes in the instrument temperature). When the temperature is near its maximum values, they saturate. The collation-in-time algorithm can partially fill in the periods of saturation, while the remaining biases may potentially be addressed empirically. We discuss the challenges imposed by the G17 ABI LHP and resulting BT anomalies, and our progress with mitigating those in the ACSPO SST products at NOAA. Future plans include tweaking ACSPO algorithms, to generate the best possible SST out of G17 BT data, reprocessing of G17 SST data, archival of data with the NASA/JPL Physical Oceanography Distributed Active Archive Center (PO.DAAC) and NOAA NCEI, and work with users to iteratively improve the processing algorithms and derived SST products.
EPIDEMIOLOGY of NECK INJURIES ACCOMPANYING SPORT CONCUSSIONS in YOUTH OVER a 13-YEAR PERIOD IN a COMMUNITY-BASED HEALTHCARE SYSTEM.

Background The same trauma that produces concussion may also produce neck injury. The signs of concussion and neck injury are similar, and symptoms after acceleration-deceleration trauma to the head-neck complex do not accurately discriminate between them. Research on the epidemiology of neck injury among sport-concussed youth is sparse. Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the epidemiology of diagnosed neck injury in non-sport-related concussion (Non-SRC) versus sport-related concussion (SRC) in youth by age, sex, and sport. Study design Cross-sectional epidemiologic study. Methods De-identified data from community-based electronic health records over 13 years were extracted to analyze rates and characteristics of neck injuries among non-SRCs and SRCs in youth aged five to 21. Neck injury diagnosis prevalence rates and odds ratios were calculated to estimate risk of neck injury among concussed youth, comparing non-SRCs to SRCs by age and sex. Results Sixteen thousand, eight hundred eighty-five concussion records were extracted, of which 3,040 SRCs and 2,775 non-SRCs in youth aged five to 21 were identified by cross-filtering sport-related keywords (e.g., football, basketball, soccer, running, swimming, batting, horseback riding, skiing, etc.) with all ICD-9 and ICD-10 concussion codes. The prevalence of neck injuries diagnosed among SRCs (7.2%) was significantly different than the prevalence of neck injuries diagnosed among non-SRCs (12.1%, p < 0.000). Neck injury diagnoses were significantly more prevalent in females overall (p < 0.000) and among non-SRCs (p < 0.000). The prevalence of neck injury diagnoses was not significantly higher in concussed females versus concussed males with SRC (p = 0.164).Among youth aged five to 21 exposed to concussions, non-SRCs were more likely to be accompanied by a neck injury diagnosis than SRCs (OR 1.66; 95% CI 1.39 to 1.98; p < 0.000). Similarly, female-to-male neck injury proportion ratios were significantly higher in females in non-SRCs compared to SRCs (IPR 1.90, 95% CI 1.60 to 2.25, p < 0.000).Sports with highest prevalence of concussion differ from sports with highest prevalence of concussion-related neck injury in both sexes. Conclusions The overall prevalence of diagnosed neck injuries in youth was higher in non-SRCs compared to SRCs (12.1 vs. 7.2%, p < 0.001), with the highest prevalence at age 14 in both sexes. The risk of neck injury diagnosis accompanying concussion was significantly higher in females compared to males (6.1% difference; p < 0.000).
Transcriptional comparison between pheromone gland-ovipositor and tarsi in the corn earworm moth Helicoverpa zea.

Abstract The corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea, utilizes (Z)-11-hexadecenal as the major sex pheromone component. The saturated fatty acid derivative hexadecanal is also found in the pheromone gland and recently a large amount (0.5–1.5 μg) was found in male tarsi with lower amounts (0.05–0.5 μg) in female tarsi. In this study, we compared the transcriptome between female pheromone glands (including the ovipositor) and female and male tarsi to identify differences between these tissues, particularly the genes involved in sex pheromone biosynthesis and chemosensation. We found transcripts encoding 9 fatty acyl-CoA desaturases, 20 fatty acyl-CoA reductases, 8 alcohol oxidases, some G protein-coupled receptors and many transcripts involved in signal transduction and pheromone transportation. Also we found gustatory and olfactory receptors associated with the tarsi and ovipositor. Differential expression analysis showed that there were many genes differentially expressed between tissues, including the candidate desaturases, fatty acyl-CoA reductases, and alcohol oxidases. We discuss how some of these genes produce proteins that could be involved in the biosynthesis of hexadecanal in tarsi and (Z)-11-hexadecenal in the pheromone gland and the possible role of proteins in chemosensation of the tarsi and ovipositor.
Yield Learning Methodologies and Failure Isolation in Ring Oscillator Circuit for CMOS Technology Research

We detail the use of ring oscillators (ROs) for yield learning during the research phase of a CMOS technology generation. Failing circuits are located and classified based on electrical analysis of ROs and FETs (Field Effect Transistor) wired out from RO environments. Based on electrical data and binning methods, we improve detection and classification fault methodologies and form a yield detractor pareto. Inline defect monitoring can help to estimate RO yield and is essential in CMOS technology research.
Macronutrient Intake and the Control of Body Weight

Scholars of the control of food intake and the regulation of body weight have given little attention to the role played by macronutrients until fairly recently. The relationship between dietary fat and body weight is examined almost at every level of analysis from molecular to epidemiological. It is possible that having a body composed of a high percent of fat causes an increased preference for dietary fat. Establishing a causal link between dietary fat and body weight requires an experimental design where the amount of fat that people consume must be experimentally manipulated and its effects on food intake or body weight measured. In viewing the long list of studies in macronutrients and food intake, it becomes apparent that humans do not eat for energy. In fact, it appears that humans possess very poor mechanisms to adjust the volume of food they consume in response to alterations in energy density of the foods they consume. If these observations are true, then the use of artificial sweeteners and fats should successfully cause a sustained reduction in the body weight in the population. If energy concentration is the major determinant of human energy intake, as suggested by this research, then the major thrust of any programs aimed at weight reduction or obesity prevention should concentrate on the consumption of energy dilute foods such as soups, salads, and casseroles.
Reliability of emergency and standby diesel generators: Impact on energy resiliency solutions

Abstract Emergency diesel generators are the most common form of backup power for critical loads when the grid fails and are most often deployed as stand-alone generators (
An empirical example of capturing the impact of SES on student achievement using path analysis

Abstract Measures of socioeconomic status (SES) are widely used in educational data analyses as control variables and to increase the statistical power of significance tests. The effectiveness of SES measures in these analyses depends on moderate correlations between measures and educational outcomes. However, meta-analyses of the relationship between SES and student achievement have produced average bivariate correlations in the .03–.32 range, implying these measures offer modest statistical control and power gains. Author provided an empirical example of using indirect effects in structural equation modeling to better capture the impact of SES analyzing data from the 2012 Program for International Student Assessment. The results illustrate the potential of indirect effects to fully capture the impact of SES in educational data analyses.
Can Technology Transform Communication between Schools, Teachers, and Parents? Evidence from a Randomized Field Trial

We study the adoption and implementation of a new mobile communication app among a sample of 132 New York City public schools. The app provides a platform for sharing general announcements and news...
Glide Paths Based on a Retirement Goal and Depleting Human Capital

The retirement goals of many Americans are underfunded. The problem is compounded by the complexity of self-managing distribution portfolios, particularly as DC plans replace DB plans. We believe most retirement glide paths are satisfactory but suboptimal solutions. We introduce a glide path of financial assets over the life cycle based on a retirement goal and depleting human capital. The method is anchored to the foundational principles of intertemporal portfolio theory while borrowing heavily from goals-based asset allocation. The result is a dynamic asset allocation over the life cycle that is a function of critical input variables relevant to retirement planning such as retirement savings, retirement consumption and risk aversion. The glide path can be customized to individuals, or semi-customized to discrete subpopulations of DC plan participants.
Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva: Diagnosis with ultrasound

Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) is an extremely rare connective tissue disease, diagnosed by genetic testing. This is the first report in English literature wherein an ultrasound examination suggested this specific diagnosis. In this case, a two month old girl presented with bi-parieto-occipital swellings that were being managed as subgaleal haematoma. The parents were anxious that there was no resolution of the swellings. The suspicion of FOP was raised during the ultrasound examination where a review of the images prompted a questioning of the parents about other lesions in the body. Ultrasound examination of a lump in the thigh revealed calcifications in the vastus lateralis muscle. The appearances on the ultrasound combined with the presence of hallucis valgi suggested a diagnosis of FOP. The diagnosis was subsequently confirmed by genetic studies. This case highlights the need for good communication between the physician, patient and the imaging department.
Lower Court Originalism

Originalism is among the most significant and contentious topics in all of constitutional law and has generated a massive literature addressing almost every aspect of the theory. But curiously absent from this literature is any sustained consideration of the distinctive role of lower courts as expositors of constitutional meaning and the particular challenges that such courts may confront in attempting to incorporate originalist interpretive methods into their own decision-making. Like most constitutional theories, originalism has tended to focus myopically on a select handful of decision-makers—paradigmatically, the Justices of the Supreme Court—as the principal expositors of constitutional meaning. But while this perspective unquestionably has value, it ignores the adjudicative context in which the vast majority of litigated constitutional questions are finally resolved. The question of whether and to what extent lower courts should use originalism in their own decision-making is hardly an insignificant one. Although lower courts are strictly bound to follow controlling Supreme Court precedent, these strictures leave open a wide domain in which the choice between originalism and other modes of decision-making might plausibly affect the content of lower courts’ decisions. But lower courts face a number of institutional limitations and challenges that do not directly confront the Supreme Court, including greater time and resource constraints and the inability to overrule directly controlling non-originalist precedents. This Article aims to examine lower court originalism by looking to a set of values commonly associated with our system of vertical stare decisis—including uniformity, accuracy, efficiency, percolation, and legitimacy—as well as a set of values commonly associated with originalism itself—including popular sovereignty, judicial restraint, desirable results, and positive law. In general, the use of originalism by lower court judges is likely to be more costly and error-prone than similar decision-making by the Supreme Court, while being less likely to directly further certain of the values most closely associated with originalism. This assessment does not necessarily suggest that lower courts should never seek to incorporate originalist methods into their own decision-making. But it does suggest the need for a cautious and thoughtful approach that takes proper account of the institutional limitations of lower court decision-making. These challenges are hardly unique to originalism. Similar challenges confront virtually all constitutional theories, particularly those that, like originalism, ask lower courts to look beyond the relatively familiar tools of case-focused, doctrinal reasoning.
Globalization and the Nation State: The Impact of the IMF and the World Bank

Globalization and the nation state: the impact of the IMF and the World Bank , Globalization and the nation state: the impact of the IMF and the World Bank , کتابخانه دیجیتال و فن آوری اطلاعات دانشگاه امام صادق(ع)
Multinomial event model based abstraction for sequence and text classification

In many machine learning applications that deal with sequences, there is a need for learning algorithms that can effectively utilize the hierarchical grouping of words. We introduce Word Taxonomy guided Naive Bayes Learner for the Multinomial Event Model (WTNBL-MN) that exploits word taxonomy to generate compact classifiers, and Word Taxonomy Learner (WTL) for automated construction of word taxonomy from sequence data. WTNBL-MN is a generalization of the Naive Bayes learner for the Multinomial Event Model for learning classifiers from data using word taxonomy. WTL uses hierarchical agglomerative clustering to cluster words based on the distribution of class labels that co-occur with the words. Our experimental results on protein localization sequences and Reuters text show that the proposed algorithms can generate Naive Bayes classifiers that are more compact and often more accurate than those produced by standard Naive Bayes learner for the Multinomial Model.
Who Decides What Number of Children is "Right"?

I agree that eight is enough and am skeptical about assisting Nadya Suleman, who already has six children, to have more. Whose funds will finance fertility treatments for a single, unemployed mom, and provide the children‘s care? I am concerned about the ethics of the doctor who provided the reproductive care. But I have serious reservations about anyone imposing my views, or others, on the country as a whole. I applaud Professors Cahn and Collins for asking the question ― Should we regulate? and for proposals distinguishing between the type to be federally regulated and personal decisions left to individuals. Although the distinction they draw is persuasive, it is unlikely to stick and address the ethical framework for reproductive technologies. I do not reject government regulations, nor do I believe that the market will necessarily correct misguided decisions to implant six embryos in an unemployed thirty-two-year old. I question Cahn and Collins’ framework for determining when and what regulation is appropriate. I argue for a dynamic regulation, informed by evolutionary economics, that asks not just what kind of regulations are needed, but also how regulation will affect who becomes a patient, what doctors will provide the services, and where and when treatment will occur. This analysis is dynamic and evolutionary in that it anticipates how change in one arena, such as insurance coverage, might affect another area, such as the number of embryos to be implanted or the need to regulate fertility practices not yet of concern. I am more concerned about whether fertility clinics locate in Detroit or Windsor, whether the President or a governor appoints the regulators, and whether Ms. Suleman can afford in vitro fertilization at all than I am with having the government stop the next doctor willing to implant too many embryos.
Channel Correlation Effects for Fragmented Analog States

In this paper we present results from several different experiments illustrating the variety of channel correlation phenomena which occur in proton, neutron, and gamma decay of fragmented analog states. Fragmented analog states provide a set of fine structure resonances whose character is at least partially understood, and for which correlations are expected between partial widths of various decay channels.1 In simplest terms, correlations are expected between those channels which are enhanced by the analog state.