cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Associations between sensory processing and electrophysiological and neurochemical measures in children with ASD: an EEG-MRS study

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is associated with hyper- and/or hypo-sensitivity to sensory input. Spontaneous alpha power, which plays an important role in shaping responsivity to sensory information, is reduced across the lifespan in individuals with ASD. Furthermore, an excitatory/inhibitory imbalance has also been linked to sensory dysfunction in ASD and has been hypothesized to underlie atypical patterns of spontaneous brain activity. The present study examined whether resting-state alpha power differed in children with ASD as compared to TD children, and investigated the relationships between alpha levels, concentrations of excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters, and atypical sensory processing in ASD. Participants included thirty-one children and adolescents with ASD and thirty-one age- and IQ-matched typically developing (TD) participants. Resting-state electroencephalography (EEG) was used to obtain measures of alpha power. A subset of participants (ASD = 16; TD = 16) also completed a magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) protocol in order to measure concentrations of excitatory (glutamate + glutamine; Glx) and inhibitory (GABA) neurotransmitters. Children with ASD evidenced significantly decreased resting alpha power compared to their TD peers. MRS estimates of GABA and Glx did not differ between groups with the exception of Glx in the temporal-parietal junction. Inter-individual differences in alpha power within the ASD group were not associated with region-specific concentrations of GABA or Glx, nor were they associated with sensory processing differences. However, atypically decreased Glx was associated with increased sensory impairment in children with ASD. Although we replicated prior reports of decreased alpha power in ASD, atypically reduced alpha was not related to neurochemical differences or sensory symptoms in ASD. Instead, reduced Glx in the temporal-parietal cortex was associated with greater hyper-sensitivity in ASD. Together, these findings may provide insight into the neural underpinnings of sensory processing differences present in ASD.
Enhancing Customer-Supplier Coordination Through Inventory Decision Rights Transfer

This paper analyzes alternative customer-supplier relationships based on agreements governing material flow and ordering decision rights, as well as the sharing of inventory and shortage costs. Material flow in a supply chain typically is determined by the orders placed by a "customer" to its immediate upstream "supplier." The consequences of poor customer service and high inventory costs, however, affect both parties involved; thus, there are many cases where nonstandard customer-supplier arrangements have been adopted. We introduce a model that captures both decentralized and centralized ordering, as well as variants based on the allocation of decision rights to either the upstream supplier, i.e., supplier-managed inventory (SMI), or to the downstream customer, i.e., customer-managed inventory (CMI). We develop optimal inventory stocking polices for both parties involved and derive necessary and sufficient conditions for adopting one of the relationships. Our model includes parameters that capture modifications to the incentive structure based on cost sharing mechanisms, which impact the ultimate relationship choice. We then apply the model to analyze four well-known industry examples, Barilla, Saturn, Boeing, and Hewlett Packard, where either SMI or CMI was adopted. The parameterization of the model can capture the different aspects of each company’s supply chain in a realistic manner. We illustrate how the modified incentive structure can generate benefits for the customer, the supplier, and the end consumers (i.e., "win-win-win"), and determine the gap for achieving the first-best performance. This paper concludes with a discussion of managerial implications and opportunities for incorporating additional consequences of the relationship choice.
Thumb-Basal Joint Arthroplasty Outcomes and Metacarpal Subsidence: A Prospective Cohort Analysis of Trapeziectomy With Suture Button Suspensionplasty Versus Ligament Reconstruction With Tendon Interposition.

BackgroundThumb carpometacarpal (CMC) joint arthroplasty is a common procedure in the surgical management of symptomatic thumb basal joint arthritis. Following trapeziectomy, a number of suspension...
Biomass and salt-dependent effects of Bacillus spores on radionuclide migration from the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant.

Abstract Spores of a Bacillus sp., isolated from radioactive waste, were tested for their ability to influence the fate and transport of neodymium (Nd3+) under high salt conditions expected at the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) nuclear waste repository. Spores were suspended in neodymium-spiked saline solutions up to 4 M NaCl, and concentrations of Nd and the complexing agent dipicolinic acid (DPA), a component of spores, were monitored along with optical densities and spore numbers. Results support neodymium bioassociation that is dependent upon biomass, with more apparent adsorption occurring at higher spore concentrations. However, probable spore lysis in 2 and 4 M NaCl solutions and possible germination at 0.15 M NaCl appear to drive the release of DPA and subsequent return of Nd to solution. The implications of this work for the WIPP will depend on actual biomass levels and the ionic strength of the repository brines.
A cross-sectional population-based study on the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on incomes in Greece

The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic induced economic shock in Greece, which translated into a decrease in household income. Thus, the objective of this study is to measure social inequality with regard to income loss due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Greece. In addition, we aim to identify the characteristics of those experiencing income loss due to the pandemic. The study uses data from the “Public Opinion in the European Union (EU) in Time of Coronavirus Crisis. Third Round” survey. The sample consists of 1036 individuals aged between 16 and 54 years. To measure inequality, the Erreygers' Concentration Index (CI) is calculated, using social class as the ranking variable. To identify the characteristics of those experiencing income loss, a logistic regression model is fitted using the region of residence and several demographic and socioeconomic variables as potential predictors. According to the results, social inequality does not exist with regard to income loss due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, our findings indicate the negative influence of the pandemic on the incomes of individuals from all social classes in Greece. According to the results of the logistic regression model, the odds of experiencing income loss are higher for residents of the Aegean Islands and Crete but also for self-employed, part-time employed, and unemployed individuals. These findings indicate the negative influence of the pandemic on Greek tourism and on sectors employing a large proportion of non-standard workers. Although inequality does not exist, a substantial proportion of those losing income due to the pandemic is in line with the global picture.
Unusual case of acute Cerebral Venous Thrombosis in HIV Encephalitis (4836)

Objective: We describe a unique case of cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) in a patient with HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) encephalitis Background: Although thrombotic events are sometimes seen in HIV patients, venous thrombosis is rare and when present more commonly involves the deep veins. Cerebral venous thrombosis in HIV is a rare occurrence. Design/Methods: Case report Results: We present a 20-year-old young man with HIV/AIDS (Acquired ImmunoDeficiency Syndrome) diagnosed 4 months prior, history of multiple opportunistic infections, HIV cardiomyopathy and HIV encephalitis who developed an acute change in level of consciousness with GCS (Glasgow Coma Scale) dropping from 15 to 5. There was no reported headache, nausea, vomiting or seizures. A CT (Computed Tomography) head showed possible dural sinus thrombosis. A stat CT venogram confirmed a non-occlusive saggital sinus thrombus. MRI (Magnetic resonance Imaging) was negative for venous infarct/hemorrhage or other acute findings. Continuous video electroencephalograph (EEG) monitoring was only indicative of a generalised cerebral dysfunction. Hypercoagulable panel was normal. He was initiated on a heparin drip and GCS improved to 13 within 2 days. Conclusions: Cerebral venous thrombosis should be included in the differential for patients with HIV/AIDS and HIV encephalitis who develop an acute deterioration of mental status. Typical features like headache, vomiting, seizures need not be present. A high index of suspicion for CVT is crucial to prevent catastrophic outcomes as prompt investigations and initiation of anticoagulation can be life-saving. Disclosure: Dr. Haldal has nothing to disclose. Dr. Prabhu has nothing to disclose. Dr. Veerapaneni has nothing to disclose. Dr. Bahekar has nothing to disclose. Dr. Elkhider has nothing to disclose. Dr. Kapoor has nothing to disclose. Dr. Onteddu has nothing to disclose. Dr. Nalleballe has nothing to disclose. Dr. Veerapaneni has nothing to disclose.
RF/Microwave Broadband Characterization of Paper Substrates

The accurate knowledge of dielectric substrate characteristics is essential in designing RF and Microwave printed circuit boards. In this work, a straightforward method based on microstrip transmission lines for characterization of paper substrates is implemented. By using this technique, the frequency-dependent behavior of dielectric constant ϵ r and loss tangent tanδ of the paper are extracted from 10MHz to 10GHz. To validate this technique, the ADS simulation results and the measurement results of a miniature circuit based on an interdigital capacitor on paper are compared and they show a good agreement.
DERMATOLOGY IN A MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROACH WITH INFECTIOUS DISEASE AND OBSTETRIC MEDICINE AGAINST COVID-19.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) care requires a team approach, and dermatologists may collaborate with other specialties, especially infectious disease (ID) medicine and obstetrics and gynecology (ObGyn) at every stage of the infection process. A broad spectrum of cutaneous manifestations may occur early in COVID-19, making appropriate dermatologic identification critical for early diagnosis. There is prognostic value in appropriately identifying different types of COVID-19-associated skin manifestations which have been linked to disease severity. Such observations emanated from dermatology research, especially large series and international registry of cutaneous manifestations relating to COVID-19, and impact COVID-19 care provided by most healthcare providers. Also, research based on international registry of skin reactions from COVID-19 vaccines is having an impact across disciplines. An increased risk for severe illness from COVID-19 is encountered in pregnancy, and dermatologists' role is to urge ObGyn and other clinicians to monitor and educate pregnant patients about the potential for some eruptions being a manifestation of COVID-19. ID and ObGyn experts indicate that teledermatology enhanced the interaction among healthcare providers and improved COVID-19 care. Over 40% of all dermatology consults at a tertiary care hospital were done via teledermatology. Future collaborative research involving dermatology and specialties such as ID and ObGyn could help delineate guidelines for dermatology consult in COVID-19 patients and determine cases appropriate for teledermatology.
The determinants of reconstruction Why were the 1960-1990 post-world war II transformations in West Germany and South Korea successful?

Zacharie, Ithamar.May, 2015.The determinants of reconstruction,Articles,[South Orange, U.S.]Seton Hall University,10
Self-Concept of Students with Learning Disabilities: A Meta-Analysis.

Educators often assume that the self-concept of children with learning disabilities (LD) is less favorable than that of children without LD. The present study, a meta-analysis of 61 studies of self...
Association Rules in Semantically Rich Relations: Granular Computing Approach

In "real world" databases, attribute domains are more than Cantor sets; the additional semantics defined, in this paper, is assumed to be carried by a binary relation. Association rules in such databases are investigated. In this paper, we show that the cost of checkingthe additional semantics is rather small. Some experiments are reported.
Nonlinear dynamics in servo positioning loops

This paper describes a novel dynamic model for servo positioning systems. Nonlinear representations of friction, backlash, controllers and process dynamics are integrated in a model having a closed loop configuration where unwanted oscillations such as hunting and resonant frequencies are reproduced. A case of study consisting in a gun mount driven by hydraulic actuators is analyzed. Real data is used for identification and validation of the mathematical representation. Empirical static friction values are used for tuning the model at low speeds. An excellent matching is accomplished between the calibrated model and the real response. The model also reproduces the dependence of resonant frequencies to rotating speed that is generally found in this type of systems.
The false positive stress test: Multivariate analysis of 215 subjects with hemodynamic, angiographic and clinical data☆

Abstract Factors causing the false positive stress test and the ability of the computer to improve test classification were studied in 95 patients with a positive stress test and normal coronary angiograms and 125 patients with a true positive stress test. Multivariate analysis revealed that in men the following clinical findings other than S-T depression were useful in correct stress test classification: (1) maximal heart rate, (2) maximal systolic blood pressure, (3) contour of S-T segment, (4) age, (5) history of chest pain, (6) T waves in resting record, (7) chest pain during test, (8) S-T and T changes with hyperventilation, (9) resting electrocardiogram, (10) time of onset of S-T depression, and (11) increase in P wave negativity in lead V 1 with exercise. These variables, presented in order of importance, had a different ranking in women. With this technique 65 percent of false positive tests were reclassified correctly, whereas they were 100 percent in error using exercise electrocardiographic changes alone. The overall error in all categories was reduced in men from 44 to 21 percent and in women from 63 to 27 percent. Only 13 percent of subjects with a false positive test had no hemodynamic abnormality. The data collected from analyzing the abnormalities in ventricular function suggest that there are few truly false positive tests and that computer processing can significantly improve classification according to the presence of coronary artery disease.
Number words and number concepts: the interplay of verbal and nonverbal quantification in early childhood.

Publisher Summary This chapter reviews what is known and what has been proposed regarding the interactions between number words and number concepts and argues that both classic and current conceptualizations have obscured the rich detail of these interactions by asking, “Which comes first, language or concepts.” This polarizing framework has limited progress in two specific ways: “by attempting to separate empirically what cannot be separated developmentally” and “by casting developmental change in terms of months or years instead of days or even moments.” The chapter reviews case study, microgenetic and longitudinal research that reveals how fluid and tightly woven the interplay of verbal and nonverbal quantification really is. Just as many concepts, number encompasses a variety of perceptual and symbolic inputs, but it also has aspects that make it unique. Number also can be represented symbolically in various ways; as a spoken word, a written word, or as a written numeral. Apart from providing symbols for specific numerosities, verbal numbers also are used in counting. However, counting is conceptually and developmentally distinct from labeling sets.
A visual simulation support environment based on a multifaceted conceptual framework

This thesis presents the development of a multifaceted conceptual framework for discrete-event simulation and its implementation within an integrated visual simulation support environment (VSSE). The intertwined research objectives regarding the conceptual framework and the companion VSSE are presented. A literature review of related work is conducted. The core of the thesis describes the conceptual framework (called the DOMINO), the VSSE and each of the tools from its supporting toolset, and the VSMSL (Visual Simulation Model Specification Language). Three example model applications (bus route, traffic intersection, and branch operations examples) demonstrate the use of the VSSE and the underlying DOMINO. The thesis is evaluated using the research objectives as assessment criteria. The DOMINO is truly multifaceted. Both graphical and object-oriented, the DOMINO provides design and implementation guidance over the simulation model life cycle. The DOMINO is not restricted to specific problem domains but is independent of application domain. Several different perspectives for developing model component logic are available to modelers under the VSMSL. The VSSE demonstrates significant advances in integrated, automated support for model development which include graphical facilities for definition and specification and effective verification techniques. The VSSE underscores the contributions of the research effort and has helped to identify potential areas for future research.
Detection of instability and adaptive compensation of digitally controlled switched-mode power supplies

This paper demonstrates the feasibility of detecting an onset of instability by monitoring the pattern of the output voltage error signal, and adaptively changing the compensator parameters in a digitally controlled switched-mode power supply. The techniques are verified on an experimental 90 W, 50 V-to-15 V forward converter where an abrupt change in operating conditions that leads to instability is emulated by removing the input filter damping. It is shown that the system can regain stability and return to regulation. The proposed techniques have potential applications in decentralized active stability control of power management and distribution systems typical for aerospace applications
On systems beyond 3G: requirements and approaches

We consider the general question of what are systems beyond 3G (B3G). We propose a set of high-level requirements that are desirable in a B3G system and identify some critical enabling technologies necessary for realization of such systems.
Ethics and Animals: An Introduction by Lori Gruen

It is unfortunate that the vast majority of book reviews are loaded with adulation and flattery. The near-endless encomia make it difficult for reviewers to describe those few books that really are...
Leptin, but not immune function, is linked to reproductive responsiveness to photoperiod

Energetic demands are high while energy availability is minimum during winter. To cope with this energetic bottleneck, animals exhibit numerous energy-conserving adaptations during winter, including changes in immune and reproductive functions. A majority of individual rodents within a population inhibits reproductive function (responders) as winter approaches. A substantial proportion of small rodents within a species, however, fails to inhibit reproduction (nonresponders) during winter in the field or in the laboratory when maintained in winter-simulated day lengths. In contrast, immune function is bolstered by short day lengths in some species. The specific mechanisms that link reproductive and immune functions remain unspecified. Leptin is a hormone produced by adipose tissue, and several studies suggest that leptin modulates reproductive and immune functions. The present study sought to determine if photoperiodic alterations in reproductive function and leptin concentrations are linked to photoperiod-modulated changes in immune function. Siberian hamsters (Phodopus sungorus) were housed in either long (LD 16:8) or short (LD 8:16) day lengths for 9 wk. After 9 wk, blood samples were collected during the middle of the light and dark phase to assess leptin concentrations. One week later, animals were injected with keyhole limpet hemocyanin to evaluate humoral immunity. Body mass, body fat content, and serum leptin concentrations were correlated with reproductive responsiveness to photoperiod; short-day animals with regressed gonads exhibited a reduction in these measures, whereas short-day nonresponders resembled long-day animals. In contrast, immune function was influenced by photoperiod but not reproductive status. Taken together, these data suggest that humoral immune function in Siberian hamsters is independent of photoperiod-mediated changes in leptin concentrations.
Nuevo mundo en la producción novelística unamuniana

In Nuevo Mundo» (1896) —the presumed narrative failure that Don Miguel never managed to publish during his lifetime— Unamuno synthesizes and combines the dialogical discourse, the existentialist personages, the formalist structures, and the self-reflexive dimensions that will be the indelible signs of his novelistic production for the next thirty years.
Hydrophobic effects on rates and substrate selectivities in polymeric transaminase mimics.

The amination of ketoacids to amino acids by pyridoxamine is greatly accelerated when the pyridoxamine is covalently linked to polyethylenimine carrying N-methyl and N-lauryl groups. Michaelis−Menten kinetics is seen with all substrates, from which the effect of the lauryl groups and the methyl groups can be determined with respect to the strength of binding of the substrate and the rate constant k2 within the complex. The polyamine catalyzes the reaction using acid and base groups, the lauryl groups increase k2 by producing a nonpolar medium in which the reaction occurs, and the lauryl groups promote binding of hydrophobic substrates. The result is that the amination of indolepyruvic acid to produce tryptophan is accelerated by 240000-fold.
Heavy Drinking in College Students: Who Is at Risk and What Is Being Done About It?

Problem drinking and related consequences are a major social issue plaguing college campuses across the United States. Each year, alcohol is responsible for fatalities, assaults, serious injuries, and arrests that occur among college students. The authors review and discuss the risk factors, drinking patterns, and consequences that are relevant to the general student population. In addition, the authors highlight individuals at an increased risk of experiencing alcohol-related problems, such as Greek-letter social organization members and student athletes. The authors also discuss the interventions that attempt to reduce risky drinking and related problems in these subgroups as well as the future directions for research.
Separation of neutral saccharide mixtures with capillary electrochromatography using hydrophilic monolithic columns

While developing a combination of capillary electrochromatography (CEC) with tandem mass spectrometry (MS) for the benefit of characterizing complex oligosaccharide mixtures, we needed highly efficient CEC columns operating in an "MS-friendly" mode. We demonstrate here novel types of polar, monolithic CEC columns that separate effectively complex mixtures of saccharides with the use of mobile phases containing acetonitrile/dilute ammonium formate buffers. Using the positive-ion mode of detection for neutral saccharides, the detection conditions were optimized down to the low-femtomole sensitivities with the use of an ion trap mass spectrometer. This column technology provides a nearly universal system that can separate a wide range of carbohydrates: mono- and oligosaccharides with the intact reducing end, as well as saccharide alditols. Even the anomers formed due to mutarotation could be resolved with a high content of organic phase.
Embodied Learning and Patient Education: From Nurses' Self-Awareness to Patient Self-Caring.

This article looks to embodied cognition and embodied cognitive science to explore education for self-care.
Molecular pathogenesis of Fanconi anemia.

Fanconi anemia (FA) is a rare inherited disorder characterized clinically by aplastic anemia, developmental defects, and a susceptibility to cancer. Eleven complementation groups have been identified (FA-A, -B, -C, -D1, -D2, -E, -F, -G, -I, -J, and -L), and the genes responsible for 9 groups (FANCA, B, C, D1, D2, E, F,G, and L) have been cloned.The proteins involved in FA act coordinately in the cellular response to DNA cross-links in a pathway that has been shown to interact physically or functionally with a variety of other proteins involved in DNA repair or cell cycle control, notably BRCA1, Rad51,ATM,ATR, and Nbs1. Considerable advances in the identification and description of proteins involved in FA have been recorded, but the precise biochemical function of the FA pathway remains elusive. As research continues to improve our understanding of FA, insight will be gained into what is a pivotal process in cancer biology.
Thermodynamic Analysis of Asphalt Solar Collector (ASC)

Hot mix asphalt (HMA) pavements are a potential source of extractable energy. Asphalt solar collectors (ASCs) have been designed and developed in the past as a means of extracting that energy. However, due to the variety of inefficiencies the potential for power generation has yet to be realized. This paper theoretically seeks to establish a better understanding of the performance and thermodynamic potential of the ASC. The ASC is compared to a solar water heater (SWH) through the use of (and modification to) the Hottel-Whillier-Bliss equation, a standard equation for the analysis of the SWH. Pipe spacing (W) plays a more significant role in affecting shape factor (S), Resistance Factor (FRes) and and the thermal and overall efficiency of the ASC. It was established that minimizing pipe spacing or addition of a spreader layer (SN values in the range of 1–5) helped improve the thermal and overall efficiencies. The efficiency of ASCs would be in the 1–5% range, but the use of conductive spreaders can help increase it to 10%. Through this comparative analysis, several design changes can be suggested in key areas to optimize the ASC for the maximization of efficiency.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Performing Ancient Rhetorics: A Symposium

ABSTRACT In the introduction to this special issue, Hawhee sets the stage for the scholarly performances featured at the 2005 Pittsburgh symposium on ancient rhetoric by describing the context and foregrounding the lectures/essays contained in this issue. She notes the shift to questions of performing rhetoric and considers that shift in relation to disciplinary identities which, she asserts, function performatively.
Reply to Comments: On the Relationship of Toxicity and Carcinogenicity

The article by Lauren Zeise, Richard Wilson, and Edmund Crouch on the “Use of Acute Toxicity to Estimate Carcinogenic ksk,” in Volume 4, Number 3 of Risk Analysis, reported a good correlation between acute toxicity (i.e., LDSO) and carcinogenic potency for chemicals tested (under “high, not lethal but usually toxic doses”) in mice and rats by the National Cancer Institute. The authors note that, without long-term bioassay data, an estimate of carcinogenic potency could be based on acute toxicity and the observed correlation. This result raises scientific issues quite distinct from the potential regulatory application described by the authors. It is my understanding that mechanisms underlying an acute toxic effect and a long-term carcinogenic effect are generally thought to be unrelated for most chemicals. In simple terms, carcinogens at low doses ciassified as genotoxic are thought to change genetic materials through a probabilistic process (e. g., the one hit and multistage models of carcinogenic potency refer to the number of stages of genetic transformation associated with carcinogenesis). Epigenetic carcinogens are not thought to act directly on DNA, but are thought to be associated with genetic changes. Acute toxics are thought to operate differently (e. g., by producing disequilibrium
Synaptic targets of calretinin-containing axon terminals in macaque monkey prefrontal cortex

The coordinated activity of specific populations of pyramidal cells and GABA-containing, local circuit neurons in the primate prefrontal cortex (PFC) appears to be critical for working memory. Different subclasses of GABA-containing neurons can be distinguished by their content of the calcium-binding proteins parvalbumin (PV) and calretinin (CR). The postsynaptic targets of PV-containing cells have been well characterized in the primate PFC, but the postsynaptic targets of CR-containing neurons in this cortical region remain unknown. In the present study, we used immuno-electron microscopy to examine the synaptic type and postsynaptic targets of CR-immunoreactive (IR) axon terminals in the superficial and deep layers of macaque monkey PFC. Labeled axon terminals formed both symmetric and asymmetric synapses. Within the superficial layers, 93% of the synapses formed by CR-IR were symmetric, whereas in the deep layers the labeled axon terminals forming synapses were more evenly divided between symmetric (57%) and asymmetric (43%). The primary postsynaptic target of these two populations of CR-IR axon terminals also differed; unlabeled dendritic shafts were the predominant target of the symmetric synapses, whereas dendritic spines were the most common target of the asymmetric synapses. In addition, the mean cross-sectional area of the terminals forming asymmetric synapses was significantly larger than that of the terminals forming symmetric synapses. The presence of CR-IR asymmetric synapses suggested that they might arise from neurons that do not utilize GABA; indeed, dual-label fluorescent immunocytochemistry revealed that a subpopulation (23%) of CR-containing neurons in monkey PFC were not GABA-IR. These findings indicate that the synaptology of CR-containing neurons is more heterogeneous than that of PV-containing cells and suggests that the contributions of CR-containing neurons to cognitive processes mediated by the PFC may be more diverse.
Longitudinal influences of friends and parents upon unprotected vaginal intercourse in adolescents

Background Both friends and parents may influence occurrence of adolescent sexual intercourse, but these influences have not been studied together and prospectively.
PARATHYROID FUNCTION AS STUDIED BY CONTINUOUS PERITONEAL LAVAGE IN NEPHRECTOMIZED RATS1

RECENT work utilizing nephrectomized animals (1, 2) has added con-vincing proof to an old argument that the parathyroids are able to exert their influence on calcium metabolism even in the absence of the kidneys. Current interest in the relationship of citric acid and calcium metabolism (3–6) has given rise to an increasingly popular concept that parathyroid influence is exerted through citric acid metabolism of bone. Concurrently with these advances in the study of the action of this hormone, interest has been aroused in the ability of bone to supply calcium to the extracellular fluid in maintenance of constant plasma levels of this ion. Pioneering in this concept were McLean and Urist (7), who emphasized that bone was able to supply calcium to the extracellular fluid compartments in the absence of the parathyroids. This has been developed further by work from this laboratory in which the relationships of calcium and phosphate ions with and without the influence of the parathyroids were discussed (8).
Improvement Strategies in Free-Throw Shooting and Grip-Strength Tasks

Participants performed a free-throw shooting task and a grip-strength task before and after imagery, nonspecific arousal, or no instructions. Imagery improved performance in the free-throw shooting task, which is assumed to have more cognitive components than the grip-strength task. Imagery did not improve performance in the grip-strength task, which is assumed to have fewer cognitive components than the free-throw task. Nonspecific arousal, on the other hand, improved performance in the grip-strength task but not in the free-throw shooting task. Athletic experience, confidence levels, and gender were correlated with actual performance levels in both tasks, but not with improvement. Results are discussed within the transfer-appropriate processing framework.
Synthesis of Octasubstituted Cyclooctatetraenes and Their Use as Electron Transporters in Organic Light Emitting Diodes

The synthesis and characterization of octasubstituted cyclooctatetraenes (COTs) as well as their use as electron transporting materials in organic LEDs are reported. Tetraaryl-tetraarylethynyl-cyclooctatetraenes [C8Ar4(C⋮CAr)4] were prepared from diaryldiynes with a RuH2(CO)(PPh3)3 catalyst in good yield (40−80%). Octaaryl-cyclooctatraenes were prepared from diarylacetylenes by treatment with lithium and iodine in 50% yield. Cyclic voltametry indicates that these COTs are reduced in sequential one-electron steps. C8Ar4(C⋮CAr)4 and C8Ar8 are thermally stable to sublimation and have wide optical energy gaps [λmax(emission) = 392−412 nm] making them good candidates for use in organic LEDs. These octasubstituted COTs have been used as electron transport layers in single heterostructure organic LEDs, i.e. ITO/NPD 400 A/octasubstituted COT 400 A/Mg−Ag (ITO = indium−tin oxide, NPD = N,N‘-diphenyl-N,N‘-dinaphthylbenzidine). External quantum efficiencies of 0.1−0.2% (photons/electrons) were observed, with turn-on ...
An acidic xylan from extracellular polysaccharides of suspension-cultured cells of Nicotiana tabacum

Abstract An acidic xylan was isolated from the extracellular polysaccharides of suspension-cultured tobacco cells. Its structure was investigated by methylation analysis and 13 C NMR spectroscopy and was shown to consist of a main chain of β-(1→4)-linked D -xylopyranosyl residues to which were attached as side-chains, α- D -glucuronic acid residues at O-2.
Quantitative Exposure-Response Assessment Approaches to Evaluate Acute Inhalation Toxicity of Phosgene

Phosgene has been a long-term subject of toxicological research due to its widespread use, high toxicity, and status as a model of chemically induced lung injury. To take advantage of the abundant data set for the acute inhalation toxicity of phosgene, methods for exposure-response analysis that use more data than the traditional no-observed-adverse-effect level approach were used to perform an exposure-response assessment for phosgene. Categorical regression is particularly useful for acute exposures due to the ability to combine studies of various exposure durations, and thus provide estimates of effect severity for a range of both exposure concentrations and durations. Results from the categorical regression approach were compared to those from parametric curve fitting models (i.e., benchmark concentration models) that make use of information from an entire dose-response, but only for one exposure duration. While categorical regression analysis provided results that were comparable to benchmark concent...
Syntheses of 2-silicon-substituted 1,3-dienes

Abstract A number of 2-silicon substituted 1,3-dienes have been prepared by one of three routes: 1) Reactions of 1,3-dienyl Grignard reagents with silyl electrophiles or silyl Grignard reagents with 1,3-dienyl electrophiles; 2) Hydrosilylation of enynes; 3) Enyne cross metathesis. The strengths and limitations of each preparative method are discussed.
An intragenic TaqI polymorphism in the faciogenital dysplasia (FGD1) locus, the gene responsible for Aarskog syndrome.

A TaqI polymorphism, located in intron 4 of the faciogenital dysplasia (FGD1) gene, the gene responsible for Aarskog syndrome, is described. FGD1 encodes a putative Rho/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor involved in mammalian morphogenesis. The identification of an intragenic polymorphism will facilitate the accurate carrier detection of individuals at risk for Aarskog syndrome.
Synthesis of 4-methylene-1-cyclopentenes

Abstract 4-Methylene-1-cyclopente n es are available via the cycloaddition of palladium-trimethylenemethane to substituted bicyclo[2.2.1]hepta-2,5-dienes followed by flash vacuum thermolysis.
Reproductive understanding, sexual functioning and testosterone levels in men with spina bifida

ABSTRACTPurpose: We assessed the sexual functioning and understanding in men with myelodysplasia.Materials and Methods: Of the 378 patients with myelodysplasia followed at our multidisciplinary clinic 170 are adults, including 58 men older than 18 years. A total of 57 men was available for interview. A questionnaire was administered to determine patient educational level, sexual understanding, sexual function and marital status, and serum testosterone levels were measured.Results: The majority of the patients learned about sexual reproduction from school classes with 48 (84%) having achieved a twelfth grade education or higher. A total of 41 patients (72%) accurately described the basic concepts of reproductive physiology. Penile erections were experienced by 41 men (72%) including 27 (66%) who ejaculated with erection. Three patients ejaculated without erection. Sexual intercourse was attempted by 20 men (35%). Of the 11 patients (19%) who attempted to father children 8 (14%) were successful. Twelve pati...
Mountain-wave drag in the stratosphere and mesosphere inferred from observed winds and a simple mountain-wave parameterization scheme

A daily analysis of mountain-wave propagation through observed, global wind, and temperature fields in January and August is presented. Winds and temperatures are obtained from the daily 18-level NMC Climate Analysis Center. Mountain-wave properties are deduced from a simple, gravity wave parameterization scheme in which the effects of topographic anisotropy (ridge orientation) are explicitly included. Planetary waves in the northern winter stratosphere are found to play an important role in modulating the magnitude and distribution of inferred mountain-wave drag in the middle atmosphere. The Aleutian anticyclone is found to effectively block mountain waves generated over western North America from reaching the mesosphere by inducing local mountain-wave-critical levels in the stratosphere. Stratospheric sudden warmings have a similar effect at all longitudes so that during months with sudden warmings the average inferred drag in the mesosphere is reduced by a factor of 4 to 5 from its normal value. Partly as a consequence of larger planetary-wave filtering in the Northern Hemisphere, inferred mountain-wave drag in the southern winter mesosphere is found to be comparable to that in the northern winter mesosphere. Almost all of the mountain wave drag exerted on the southern middle atmosphere is found to originate over the southern Andes and Antarctic Peninsula.
Selection Criteria for Internal Medicine Residency Applicants and Professionalism Ratings During Internship

OBJECTIVE To determine whether standardized admissions data in residents' Electronic Residency Application Service (ERAS) submissions were associated with multisource assessments of professionalism during internship. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS ERAS applications for all internal medicine interns (N=191) at Mayo Clinic entering training between July 1, 2005, and July 1, 2008, were reviewed by 6 raters. Extracted data included United States Medical Licensing Examination scores, medicine clerkship grades, class rank, Alpha Omega Alpha membership, advanced degrees, awards, volunteer activities, research experiences, first author publications, career choice, and red flags in performance evaluations. Medical school reputation was quantified using U.S. News & World Report rankings. Strength of comparative statements in recommendation letters (0 = no comparative statement, 1=equal to peers, 2=top 20%, 3=top 10% or "best") were also recorded. Validated multisource professionalism scores (5-point scales) were obtained for each intern. Associations between application variables and professionalism scores were examined using linear regression. RESULTS The mean ± SD (minimum-maximum) professionalism score was 4.09±0.31 (2.13-4.56). In multivariate analysis, professionalism scores were positively associated with mean strength of comparative statements in recommendation letters (β=0.13; P =.002). No other associations between ERAS application variables and professionalism scores were found. CONCLUSION Comparative statements in recommendation letters for internal medicine residency applicants were associated with professionalism scores during internship. Other variables traditionally examined when selecting residents were not associated with professionalism. These findings suggest that faculty physicians' direct observations, as reflected in letters of recommendation, are useful indicators of what constitutes a best student. Residency selection committees should scrutinize applicants' letters for strongly favorable comparative statements.
A dissent from Dr Schmidt's appraisal of evidence on breast cancer screening.

This commentary on Dr Schmidt’s paper, “The epidemiology of mass breast cancer screening-a plea for a valid measure of benefit” [1], was stimulated by my reaction on reviewing the paper when it was submitted for publication. The extensiveness of his analysis of benefits and risks in breast cancer screening called for a detailed assessment of his arguments rather than a dissenting note to the editors, a position with which they agreed. Dr Schmidt probes into published results of the two randomized controlled trials on breast cancer screening in Sweden and draws peripherally on some of the observations in the Health Insurance Plan project to conclude that “even with the assumption that screening can save lives, the net health effect of mass breast screening is questionable and appears to be rather detrimental.” The Swedish trials are the twocounty study in Kopparberg-astergotland [2] and the study in Malmij [3], both of which started in the late 1970s 13-14 years after the HIP trial began. Dr Schmidt’s negative conclusion is based on the observed “excess” in breast cancers detected among study groups of women in the Swedish trials and the additional surgery that results from screening; the small gain when measures of absolute differences between study and control groups in breast cancer mortality are considered instead of relative risk; questionable balance
High-pressure metamorphism during the Llano orogeny inferred from Proterozoic eclogite remnants

Mineral chemistries and textures in mafic garnet-pyroxene rock within the Lost Creek Gneiss in the Purdy Hill quadrangle, Mason County, Texas, record three distinct P-T events, two of them at pressures higher than any previously documented for these Grenville-age rocks. The earliest metamorphic episode produced an eclogitic assemblage of pyrope-rich almandine + sodian augite + orthopyroxene + pargasitic amphibole. Some orthopyroxene cores record pressures greater than 15 kbar even for the most conservative estimated temperature of 500 °C. Garnet and orthopyroxene rims and matrix clinopyroxene and amphibole record a second event at ∼750 °C and 8 kbar. Symplectites of clinopyroxene + plagioclase and coronas around garnet of plagioclase + amphibole + magnetite formed in response to reheating and hydration associated with postkinematic intrusion at the amphibolite facies conditions (600-650 °C, 3.5-5 kbar) commonly recorded in the region. Recognition of early high-pressure metamorphic episodes markedly strengthens the correlation between these rocks and other Grenville-age exposures along the continental margin and provides petrologic support for models invoking Proterozoic subduction accompanying the Llano orogeny.
Concanavalin A-mediated phagocytosis of yeast by Biomphalaria glabrata hemocytes in vitro: Effects of temperature and lectin concentration☆

Abstract Exposure of either Biomphalaria glabrata granulocytes or yeast to concanavalin A (Con A) prior to being incubated together in a “microhemadsorption assay” affected the number of yeast attached to or endocytosed by the granulocytes after 60 min. The yeast-granulocyte interaction was sensitive to temperature, Con A concentration, and the cell treated. Numbers of associated (attached + endocytosed) and endocytosed yeast either increased or decreased, as compared with nontreated controls, depending on the protocol. The effect of a given protocol was not necessarily similar for attachment and endocytosis. By separately enhancing these two stages of phagocytosis, Con A may be a useful tool for studying this process of molluscan granulocytes.
How and What You Pay Matters: The Relative Effectiveness of Merit Pay, Bonuses and Long-Term Incentives on Future Job Performance

Companies regularly use multiple types of pay-for-performance plans to motivate and sustain high performance levels. Although research generally confirms that pay-for-performance plans can influenc...
Retardation and many-body effects in multilayer-film adsorption.

A discussion is presented of the relation between the film thickness d and the coexisting vapor pressure P for a physisorbed film. The theory of Dzyaloshinskii, Lifshitz, and Pitaevskii (DLP) is used to calculate the chemical potential \ensuremath{\Delta}\ensuremath{\mu}\ensuremath{\equiv}-\ensuremath{\gamma}(d)${d}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}3}$ relative to the value for bulk liquid. The relation is established between the DLP theory and a many-body expansion, of which the Frenkel-Halsey-Hill (FHH) theory is a first approximation to the nonretarded limit. Numerical calculations are performed for the cases of $^{4}\mathrm{He}$, Ne, ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$, ${\mathrm{N}}_{2}$, Ar, ${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$, ${\mathrm{CH}}_{4}$, Kr, and Xe films on glass, gold, graphite, Si, quartz, and Al. Typically, the effect of retardation is to reduce the thickness by 20% for d\ensuremath{\sim}200 A\r{}. The function \ensuremath{\gamma}(d) is shown to have a universal retardation behavior with a thickness scale (${d}_{1/2}$) depending on both adsorbate and substrate characteristic frequencies.
Glass-transition temperature, electrical conductance, viscosity, molar volume, refractive index, and proton magnetic resonance study of chlorozinc complexation in the system ZnCl2+LiCl+H2O

Several physicochemical techniques have been utilized to study mixed aqueous solutions of ZnCl2 and LiCl along selected pseudobinary composition lines in the concentration range from 2.8 to 22.2m. Measurements of glasstransition temperature, electrical conductance, viscosity, molar volume, refractive index, and proton chemical shift indicate with varying sensitivity that the behavior of these electrolytes is dominated by chlorozinc complexation. The effects of complexation are most sensitively shown by the PMR spectra. In solutions containing more than 6 moles of water per mole of salt, it is probable that several complexation equilibria occur. When the water content is reduced to less than 6 moles per mole of salt, formation of tetrachlorozincate anions appears almost exclusively to be responsible for the composition variation of the physical properties of the solutions. ZnCl 4 = appears to be an even weaker base than ClO 4 − .
Internal field measurements of finite length 1-D form-birefringent periodic structures

We report measurements of internal field intensity distribution over 1-D form-birefringent periodic structures of finite length. Field distributions and field enhancement are verified but at significantly reduced strength attributed to small but finite material loss.
Perioperative trajectory of patient reported symptoms: A pilot study in gynecologic oncology patients

Objective With the growing focus on patient-centered care, patient reported outcomes (PROs) are becoming an important component to clinical trials and quality metrics. The objective of this study was to pilot the collection of patient reported symptom burden in women undergoing surgery in a gynecologic oncology practice.