cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dual Ipsilateral Craniotomies Through a Single Incision for the Surgical Management of Multiple Intracranial Aneurysms

Objective To examine whether multiple aneurysms located in the anterior cerebral artery (ACA), middle cerebral artery (MCA), or internal carotid artery (ICA) could be treated through single-stage, ipsilateral dual craniotomies. Methods Investigators reviewed records of nine patients who underwent dual ipsilateral craniotomies through one incision for surgical treatment of multiple aneurysms in the anterior circulation at a single institution from 1994–2010. In all cases, a single-stage pterional and frontal interhemispheric approach through two separate, ipsilateral craniotomies under a single, extended pterional incision was used. Results Dual craniotomies through one incision were performed on nine patients with multiple aneurysms without complications. This series included eight women and one man with an average age of 57 years. The mean number of aneurysms treated was 2.7 (range 2–5 aneurysms). Most patients underwent elective treatment. The pterional craniotomy approach was used to treat MCA and ICA aneurysms, whereas distal ACA aneurysms were treated through the frontal parasagittal craniotomy approach. All aneurysms were successfully treated via clip ablation. There were no perioperative or postoperative complications at an average follow-up of 29 months (range 1–131 months). Conclusions Single-stage, ipsilateral dual pterional and frontal craniotomies through one incision constitute a safe approach that can be employed for the effective surgical treatment of multiple aneurysms in joint unilateral and axial locations with excellent clinical results.
First successful antegrade single-balloon enteroscopy in a 3-year-old with occult GI bleeding.

Background Balloon enteroscopy is an emerging technique to allow access to the small intestine for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. To date, there have been few published data documenting the safety and efficacy of balloon enteroscopy in small children. Objective To describe our experience with single-balloon enteroscopy (SBE) in a 37-month-old toddler with occult GI bleeding. Design A single case report. Setting A free-standing, academic children's hospital in Denver, Colorado. Patient The patient was a 37-month-old, 13.5-kg toddler with persistent heme-positive stools, severe microcytic anemia, and hypoalbuminemia. Previous workup was significant for eosinophilic inflammation in the antrum and a video capsule study showing erythematous lesions in the small bowel. Intervention An antegrade SBE was performed with the child under general endotracheal anesthesia, with biopsy specimens obtained from identified lesions in the jejunum and ileum. Main Outcome Measurements Complications and successful treatment of symptoms were the primary endpoints. Results The procedure was performed successfully in 85 minutes, passing an estimated 200 cm beyond the pylorus, without complications. Identification of the lesions as consistent with eosinophilic enteropathy led to successful treatment with an elimination diet and corticosteroids. Limitations The primary limitation of this study is that it is a single case report. Therefore, it is difficult to make a generalized statement regarding the safety and efficacy of balloon enteroscopy in toddlers of this size. Conclusions Antegrade SBE can be a well-tolerated and effective procedure to evaluate occult GI bleeding in children as young as 3 years of age. Further study is needed to better establish safety parameters for balloon enteroscopy in small pediatric patients.
IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGIES FOR AGRICULTURAL AND SILVICULTURAL NONPOINT SOURCE POLLUTION CONTROL IN CALIFORNIA AND WISCONSIN

ABSTRACT: In the absence of detailed outlines such as those characteristic of the National Pollution Discharge Elimination System permit program, Nonpoint source pollution control is being initiated in a variety of ways in different states. In California, Regional Water Quality Control Boards play a strong enforcement role in point source control, but agricultural Nonpoint source needs are still being evaluated. Tentative approval of State Board of Forestry Forest Practice Rules by the State Water Resources Control Board has the potential of bringing Nonpoint control to all State and private forestry operations in the state. Wisconsin had developed an agricultural Nonpoint control program which emphasizes a state-wide policy of selecting priority watersheds under the administration of the state Department of Natural Resources, and developing implementation programs under the guidance of local county Land Conservation Committees. The Priority Watershed program institutes BMP's with cost-share funds authorized by the legislature. Wisconsin had not seen a problem in silvicultural activities, and has developed no statewide control program in that area. Common to effective land use control in both states is a state-level policy implemented by agencies within the state. This pattern may be the model for successful programs as development of areawide management strategies continue.
Interactions between the physical layer and upper layers in wireless networks

Abstract The physical layer in wireless networks has characteristics that profoundly influence the operation of a network and the resulting performance. Interactions between the physical layer and higher layers are complex and intricate, and cannot be understood without taking the details of operation at all layers into account. Furthermore, these interactions often lead to unexpected and undesirable effects. We illustrate these effects by studying four different scenarios: (i) the impact of channel fading on the quality of voice over IP for communication between two devices, (ii) the quality of streaming video in the case of two interfering wireless networks, (iii) the impact of physical layer parameters and path loss on throughput in a multihop scenario, and (iv) the impact of channel variability on the performance of routing and applications in a real test-bed.
Short Query Sequences in Misuse Detection

Retrieving documents that are off-topic to an authorized user's pre-defined area of interest via a search engine is potentially a violation of access rights, commonly referred to as misuse, and is a concern to every private, commercial, and governmental organization. In this preliminary study, we improve previous content-based misuse detection approaches by using a sequence of queries versus only individual user queries to perform our misuse assessment. That is, we reevaluate how off-topic a query is based on the sequence of queries that preceded it. Our empirical results show that by using the information from the queries in a given query window, the degree of false alarm and undetected misuse are both statistically significantly reduced.
Learning Significant Alignments: An Alternative to Normalized Local Alignment

We describe a supervised learning approach to resolve difficulties in finding biologically significant local alignments. It was noticed that the O(n2) algorithm by Smith-Waterman, the prevalent tool for computing local sequence alignment, often outputs long, meaningless alignments while ignoring shorter, biologically significant ones. Arslan et. al. proposed an O(n2 log n) algorithm which outputs a normalized local alignment that maximizes the degree of similarity rather than the total similarity score. Given a properly selected normalization parameter, the algorithm can discover significant alignments that would be missed by the Smith-Waterman algorithm. Unfortunately, determining a proper normalization parameter requires repeated executions with different parameter values and expert feedback to determine the usefulness of the alignments. We propose a learning approach that uses existing biologically significant alignments to learn parameters for intelligently processing sub-optimal Smith-Waterman alignments. Our algorithm runs in O(n2) time and can discover biologically significant alignments without requiring expert feedback to produce meaningful results.
Design Guidelines and Water Extraction Synthesis Capabilities for Hollow Ceramic Microspheres for Low Dielectric Constant Inorganic Substrates

This paper reports the use of hollow ceramic microspheres for a controlled porosity composite application and an emulsion/extraction method to make them. Design guidelines for this application are presented in which the physical properties and geometry of the microspheres are correlated to both dielectric constant and mechanical strength of the composites. The analytical modeling indicates that small size, thin walled ceramic microspheres with thermal expansion coefficients greater than that of common ceramic substrate matrices are needed to lower the dielectric constant significantly while retaining good mechanical strength. An emulsion/water extraction method was developed to prepare such hollow ceramic microspheres. This method shows promise for making very small (< 10 μm) hollow microspheres of various ceramic compositions. The capability and limitation of this synthesis route are shown.
A Midlatitude Cirrus Cloud Climatology from the Facility for Atmospheric Remote Sensing. Part II: Microphysical Properties Derived from Lidar Depolarization

Abstract In Part II of this series of papers describing the results of the extended time observations of cirrus clouds from the University of Utah Facility for Atmospheric Remote Sensing (FARS), the information content of laser backscatter depolarization measurements in terms of cloud microphysical content is treated. The authors rely on scattering principles indicating that polarization lidar can be applied to identifying cloud phase, and describing ice particle shape and orientation. It is found that 0.694-μm lidar linear depolarization ratios δ obtained in the zenith display a steady increase with height. With respect to temperature, a minimum of δ = 0.25 is found at −17.5°C, where horizontally oriented planar ice crystals are to be expected, and the δ increase up to 0.45 at −77.5°C. This trend indicates a basic transition in cirrus ice crystal shape with temperature, likely reflecting not only the effects of crystal axis ratio (i.e., plate-to-column) but also internal and radial crystallographic featu...
Cinnamon as a Supplemental Treatment for Impaired Glucose Tolerance and Type 2 Diabetes

Most recent estimates claim the prevalence of obesity in the United States to be 32.2% in adult men and 35.5% in adult women [1]. Fifty-seven million American adults 20 years of age or older have impaired glucose tolerance, suggesting that at least 57 million American adults have prediabetes [2]. Additionally, 23.6 million people, or 7.8%, of the population are believed to have diabetes [2]. These staggering numbers clearly suggest that multiple dietary strategies need to be implemented to help treat these diseases. One such strategy would be the use of cinnamon, rich in polyphenols, and thought to serve as an insulin sensitizer and an antioxidant. This is of interest because oxidative stress has been linked as a contributing factor in obesityrelated diseases such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases [3]. Several in vitro, as well as in vivo, studies have shown cinnamon to have a positive effect on insulin pathways [4–8]. In humans, the effect of cinnamon on glucose control and lipid parameters in type 2 diabetic patients has yielded conflicting results [9–12]. The present study further investigates the use of cinnamon as a supplemental treatment in the area of obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease.
Performance Implications of Firm Resource Interactions in the Acquisition of R&D-Intensive Firms

We explore the role of resource interactions in explaining firm performance in the context of acquisitions. Although we confirm that acquisitions do not lead to higher performance on average, we do find that complementary resource profiles in target and acquiring firms are associated with abnormal returns. Specifically, we find that acquiring firm marketing resources and target firm technology resources positively reinforce (complement) each other; meanwhile, acquiring and target firm technology resources negatively reinforce (substitute) one another. Implications for management theory and practice are identified.
Glucocorticoid Hormones and Early Brain Development in Schizophrenia

While genetic factors play a role in the etiology of schizophrenia, environmental factors contribute to the etiology of the disorder as well. If a woman is exposed during the second trimester of gestation to stressors such as the death of a loved one, influenza infection, or natural and man-made disasters, her baby has an increased risk of developing schizophrenia later in life. A common mechanism may mediate the effects of these diverse risk factors: a stress response during a restricted period of gestation may affect fetal brain development and, given the appropriate genetic predisposition, result in schizophrenia in adult life. Findings in animals exposed to prenatal stress strengthen the hypothesis that exposure to high glucocorticoid levels and/or other components of the stress response increases the risk of schizophrenia. These clinical and preclinical studies could be used to develop hypotheses that could then be tested in patients with schizophrenia.
Ethics in Supervision: Consideration of the Supervisory Alliance and Countertransference Management of Psychology Doctoral Students

Clinical supervision provides the foundation for cultivating ethical practice and professionalism for mental health trainees. Exploration and management of a supervisee’s personal reactivity or countertransference (CT) is a critical component of supervision and has clear ethical implications for clinical management and the development of clinical competence. This article discusses supervision practice and presents the results of a study that investigated the influence of supervisor–supervisee relationship on clinical and counseling doctoral students’ CT disclosures. Respondents completed the Working Alliance Inventory–Supervisee form and the Personal Reaction Disclosure Questionnaire, which assessed respondents’ comfort and likelihood of reporting CT reactions to hypothetical clinical interactions. Results of this analogue study demonstrated positive associations between supervisory alliance and reported comfort and likelihood of CT disclosures, highlighting the importance of the alliance and drawing atte...
Number of metastatic sites is a strong predictor of survival in patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer with or without brain metastases

BACKGROUND: The staging system for non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) does not consider tumor burden or number of metastatic sites, although oligometastases are more favorable. METHODS: Using logrank testing, the authors analyzed overall survival (OS) in 1284 patients newly presenting with metastatic NSCLC by number of metastatic organ sites and the presence of brain metastases. RESULTS: OS for patients without brain metastases was found to be correlated with the number of metastatic sites (P ¼ .0009). Brain metastases conferred an inferior OS (median of 7 months vs 9 months; 95% confidence interval, 7-8 months vs 8-10 months [P ¼ .00,002]). To evaluate the influence of tumor burden on OS, the authors considered subsets of patients in whom the brain (n ¼ 135) or lung (n ¼ 137) was the solitary metastatic organ site. In patients with brain metastases, OS was found to be correlated inversely with the volume of all metastases or the largest lesion (hazards ratio, 1.04 or 1.03, respectively; P ¼ .01). For patients with lung metastases, OS was better for those with a maximum tumor size below the median of 40 mm (P ¼ .0004). CONCLUSIONS: Staging of NSCLC and clinical trial patient stratification should include quantitation of tumor burden. The prognostic impact of brain metastases is small and partly dependent on tumor volume, which indicates the need for aggressive therapy for patients with NSCLC brain metastasis and their inclusion in clinical trials. Cancer 2009;115:2930–8. V C 2009 American Cancer Society.
When Readers Become Fans: Nineteenth-Century American Poetry as a Fan Activity

Exploring the response of three readers to the work of Longfellow, Whitman, and Poe, this essay argues that the rise of celebrity and fandom in the antebellum United States created an important shift in the culture of nineteenth-century poetry. As publishers began to realize the commercial power of fame, they increasingly emphasized an author's background and personality. One consequence of this development was that learning about poets and reading poetry could take place under the sign of celebrity. Drawing on theories of the lyric and fandom, the essay explores the benefits of thinking about fandom as a way of reading, a way of approaching both the poem and the institution of poetry with intensive personal urgency. The author argues that scholars of the nineteenth century need to cross the threshold between sociological and literary analysis and understand the ways in which the intimate registers of fandom both contributed to – and resisted – the institutionalization of poetry.
The evolution and expression of the snaR family of small non-coding RNAs

We recently identified the snaR family of small non-coding RNAs that associate in vivo with the nuclear factor 90 (NF90/ILF3) protein. The major human species, snaR-A, is an RNA polymerase III transcript with restricted tissue distribution and orthologs in chimpanzee but not rhesus macaque or mouse. We report their expression in human tissues and their evolution in primates. snaR genes are exclusively in African Great Apes and some are unique to humans. Two novel families of snaR-related genetic elements were found in primates: CAS (catarrhine ancestor of snaR), limited to Old World Monkeys and apes; and ASR (Alu/snaR-related), present in all monkeys and apes. ASR and CAS appear to have spread by retrotransposition, whereas most snaR genes have spread by segmental duplication. snaR-A and snaR-G2 are differentially expressed in discrete regions of the human brain and other tissues, notably including testis. snaR-A is up-regulated in transformed and immortalized human cells, and is stably bound to ribosomes in HeLa cells. We infer that snaR evolved from the left monomer of the primate-specific Alu SINE family via ASR and CAS in conjunction with major primate speciation events, and suggest that snaRs participate in tissue- and species-specific regulation of cell growth and translation.
Expression of Genes Encoding Chromatin Regulatory Factors in Developing Rhesus Monkey Oocytes and Preimplantation Stage Embryos: Possible Roles in Genome Activation

One of the most critical events of preimplantation development is the successful activation of gene transcription. Both the timing and the array of genes activated must be controlled. The ability to regulate gene transcription appears to be reduced just prior to the time of the major genome activation event, and changes in chromatin structure appear essential for establishing this ability. Major molecules that modulate chromatin structure are the linker and core histones, enzymes that modify histones, and a wide variety of other factors that associate with DNA and mediate either repressive or activating changes. Among the latter are chromatin accessibility complexes, SWI/SNF complexes, and the YY1 protein and its associated factors. Detailed information about the expression and regulation of these factors in preimplantation stage embryos has not been published for any species. In order to ascertain which of these factors may participate in chromatin remodeling, genome activation, and DNA replication during early primate embryogenesis, we determined the temporal expression patterns of mRNA encoding these factors. Our data identify the predominant members of these different functional classes of factors expressed in oocytes and embryos, and reveal patterns of expression distinct from those patterns seen in somatic cells. Among each of four classes of mRNAs examined, some mRNAs were expressed predominantly in the oocyte, with these largely giving way to others expressed stage specifically in the embryo. This transition may be part of a global mechanism underlying the transition from maternal to embryonic control of development, wherein the oocyte program is silenced and an embryonic pattern of gene expression becomes established. Possible roles for these mRNAs in chromatin remodeling, genome activation, DNA replication, cell lineage determination, and nuclear reprogramming are discussed.
Palmitoylation State Impacts Induction of Innate and Acquired Immunity by the Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium msbB Mutant

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), composed of lipid A, core, and O-antigen, is a major virulence factor of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, with lipid A being a major stimulator to induce the proinflammatory response via the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-MD2-CD14 pathway. While Salmonella msbB mutants lacking the myristate chain in lipid A were investigated widely as an anticancer vaccine, inclusion of the msbB mutation in a Salmonella vaccine to deliver heterologous antigens has not yet been investigated. We introduced the msbB mutation alone or in combination with mutations in other lipid A acyl chain modification genes encoding PagL, PagP, and LpxR into wild-type S. enterica serovar Typhimurium. The msbB mutation reduced virulence, while the pagL, pagP, and lpxR mutations did not affect virulence in the msbB mutant background when administered orally to BALB/c mice. Also, all mutants exhibited sensitivity to polymyxin B but did not display sensitivity to deoxycholate. LPS derived from msbB mutants induced less inflammatory responses in human Mono Mac 6 and murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells in vitro. However, an msbB mutant did not decrease the induction of inflammatory responses in mice compared to the levels induced by the wild-type strain, whereas an msbB pagP mutant induced less inflammatory responses in vivo. The mutations were moved to an attenuated Salmonella vaccine strain to evaluate their effects on immunogenicity. Lipid A modification caused by the msbB mutation alone and in combination with pagL, pagP, and lpxR mutations led to higher IgA production in the vaginal tract but still retained the same IgG titer level in serum to PspA, a test antigen from Streptococcus pneumoniae, and to outer membrane proteins (OMPs) from Salmonella.
Thermo-mechanical aspects of thermal flying-height control sliders for hard disk drives:

Thermal flying-height control sliders are currently used in most hard disk drives as an approach to increase the capacity and reliability. This paper discusses our recent numerical studies of the sliders’ flying performances, namely, the heat transfer between the slider and the disk, the flyability of the sliders at different altitudes, and the effect of the disk’s lubricant and roughness on the slider’s flying stability. We validate previous investigations based on a heat transfer model derived from the first-order slip theory and identify the instability regimes for a slider flying over a lubricated rough disk.
Physiological factors affecting flower and fruit abscission of ‘Hass’ avocado

Abstract ‘Hass’ avocado (Persea americana Mill.) is characterized by distinct periods of excessive flower and fruit drop. Determining the cause(s) of these abscission events is critical for the development of strategies to increase fruit set and yield. Therefore, the objectives of this research were to determine pollination and fertilization rates of abscising flowers and to quantify the viability of developing ovules (seeds) and hormone concentrations of abscising versus persisting fruit through early and June drop of ‘Hass’ avocado. Experiments were conducted during sequential off- and on-crop years. Pollination, pollen germination, pollen tube growth and ovule viability of abscising flowers were determined by microscopic analysis. During early and June drop, cellular deterioration of developing ovules of abscising and persisting fruit was visualized with Evan’s blue stain. Abscisic acid (ABA), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and isopentenyladenine (IPA) concentrations were determined by radio-immuno assay (RIA) during the on-crop year only. On average ≥ 70% of abscising ‘Hass’ flowers were pollinated but due to the failure of the pollen grains to germinate and produce pollen tubes, fertilization never occurred and the ovule deteriorated. Fruit abscission during early and June drop was also due primarily to a lack of fertilization. Fruit abscission was associated initially with deterioration of the nucellus within the developing ovule in early drop, and subsequently with deterioration of the integument (seed coat) in June drop; both occurred more frequently in abscising than persisting fruit. Abscising fruit had greater ABA concentrations during early drop, June drop and fall fruit drop compared to persisting fruit; IAA and IPA were greater in abscising fruit during June drop, but not early drop or fall fruit drop. Only 25% of the total number of fruit that abscised per crop year were fertilized. Taken together, these results provide strong evidence that the majority of flowers and fruit of ‘Hass’ avocado abscise due to a lack of pollen germination and subsequent fertilization. In addition, the results suggest that ABA accumulation is related to ovule (seed) abortion and reduced fruit growth in abscising fruit.
Aloha 'Oe: Settler-Colonial Nostalgia and the Genealogy of a Love Song

Hawai'i's most renowned song, "Aloha 'Oe," was composed by Queen Lili'uokalani before she was deposed by missionary settlers. Circulating in the cultural imaginary since the late nineteenth century, "Aloha 'Oe" was transformed from a love song into a dirge that erased the sovereign rights of Lili'uokalani in and beyond Hawai'i. This article theorizes "settler colonial nostalgia" as a gendered material and symbolic process of effecting indigenous displacement and expropriation. Providing an alibi for settler society and its beneficiaries, performances of the song center settler subjects as nostalgic witnesses to, rather than participants in, the loss of the Hawaiian kingdom. Yet the politics of melancholy prove unstable, as Kanaka Maoli (Native Hawaiian) and islander musicians continue to resignify "Aloha 'Oe" as performances that sustain Native counter-hegemonies.
Thermal Analysis of Calcium Sulfate Dihydrate and Supposed α and β Forms of Calcium Sulfate Hemihydrate from 25 to 500 ° C.

Thermal studies were carried out on CaSO4 · 2H2O and the supposed α and β forms of CaSO4 · 1/2H2O in the region of 25 to 500 ° C. using differential thermal analysis, thermogravimetry, and differential scanning calorimetry methods. Two large endothermic effects and a smaller exothermic effect were found in the differential thermogram of CaSO4 · 2H2O while a single endothermic as well as an exothermic effect were found in the thermograms of the supposed α and β forms of CaSO4 · 1/2H2O. However, the exotherm of α-CaSO4 · 1/2H2O had lower peak and first-break temperatures than that of the β-form. The peak and first-break temperatures of the endothermie effects of CaSO4 · 2H2O) and α and B-CaSO4 · 1/2H2O and the exothermic effect of α-CaSO)4 · 1/2H2O were pressure dependent, shifting to lower temperatures as the gaseous pressure within the DTA cell was decreased. The noted differences in the thennogrms possibly are due to kinetic factors because of the differences in crystallinity of the supposed α- and β-CaSO4 · 1/2H2O. No differences in the supposed a and β forms of CaSO4 · 1/2H2O were detected by thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry studies. The formulation of a two-step dissociative process in the complete dehydration of CaSO4 · 2H2O was supported by the results of the thermogravimetry study.
High-Temperature Properties of Needle-Like Mullite Obtained from New Zealand Kaolin

Needle-like mullite was prepared by leaching out the silica glass from New Zealand kaolin fired at 1550° to 1700°C. High-temperature properties of the needle-like mullite, such as thermal expansion and thermal shock were examined. Needle-like mullite 1-6μm long, 0.1-0.5μm thick was obtained at 1550° and 1600°C, and 10-20μm long, 1-2μm thick, at 1650° and 1700°C. The specific surface area of these crystals grown at 1550° and 1650°C were 8.2 and 4.1m2/g respectively, and did not decrease with reheating in the temperature range from 1000° to 1650°C for 20-30h. The axial thermal expansion coefficients of crystals at 25°-800°C were αa=2.2, αb=3.9 and αc=4.5×10-6/°C. No evidences of fracture and crack were detected on quenching needle-like mullite crystals from 1150°C to 0°C.
Visualizing Published Metadata in Large Aggregations

Large metadata aggregations provide access to documents held by multiple cultural heritage (CH) institutions. As CH institutions encode their metadata using different schemas and follow different data standards, aggregators must process the received data before making it available through a unified portal. Staff members at the contributing CH institutions don't receive feedback regarding the quality of the provided or the processed data. We are developing mechanisms that enable staff at the CH institutions to understand the effectiveness of their metadata with a goal of improving the visibility of their items in these large portals such as the Digital Public Library of America. This poster will present a classification of the DPLA metadata application profile highlighting compliance levels as well as a visualization framework for presenting the compliance of an institution's data with the DPLA data model.
Special Considerations in Bayesian Inference

In statistics, an inference is described as robust if it is not affected substantially by changing the assumptions used in drawing it. Frequentists as well as Bayesians must worry about robustness of their inferences. One concern for both camps is that assumptions regarding the form of the likelihood can affect inference. For example, suppose that our data are scores obtained by 100 undergraduates on a calculus exam, and that we wish to use these data to estimate the mean of the scores that would have been obtained if all undergraduates who took calculus I that year had taken this exam. We might get very different estimates under each of the following assumptions:
Bidirectional prefrontal-hippocampal interactions support context-guided memory

We compared the dynamics of hippocampal and prefrontal interactions in rats as they used spatial contexts to guide the retrieval of object memories. Functional connectivity analysis indicated a flow of contextual information from the hippocampus to prefrontal cortex upon the rat's entry into the spatial context. Conversely, upon the onset of object sampling, the direction of information flow reversed, consistent with prefrontal control over the retrieval of context-appropriate hippocampal memory representations.
Making Relationships Matter: Director Interlocks and Fortune 500 Performance, 1996–2007

Board memberships are critical to Fortune 500 performance, providing access to sectoral knowledge or resources, management expertise, and capital. How can companies strategically target new directorships to maximize financial returns? We explore how director interlocks impact Fortune 500 ranking performance from 1996 to 2007, combining traditional financial indicators with board membership composition through social network analysis. We benchmark how key business drivers influence Fortune ranking, and then employ social network metrics of centrality and structure to show how interlocking directorships affect outcomes. We then subsequently perform dynamic panel regression techniques to estimate financial impact across sectors. Strategically selecting board memberships has a large potential return on investment, different sectors and ranking level, which can impact firms’ bottom lines by billions of dollars and tens of Fortune 500 ranking points.
Abstract 3003: p73 DNP genotype influences effects of etoposide and 5-aza-2’-deoxycytidine on p73 mRNA isoforms ratios in human cancer cell lines

Background: The p73 gene is a member of the p53 tumor suppressor family. A dinucleotide polymorphism (DNP) in p73 is a G4C14-to-A4T14 linked pair of transitions located in exon 2, between the P1 and P2 promoters, from which TAp73 and DeltaNp73 (DNp73) mRNA isoforms are transcribed, respectively. A p73 dinucleotide polymorphism (DNP) (rs1801173) is a G4C14-to-A4T14 linked pair of transitions located in exon 2 and lies between the P1 and P2 gene promoters. The P1 and P2 p73 gene promoters are the transcription initiation sites for mRNAs encoding TAp73 and deltaNp73 (DNp73) isoforms, respectively. These p73 mRNA isoforms, TAp73 and αNp73, encode protein isoforms which differ in their N-termini. TAp73 isoforms include the full-length N-terminal sequence and are transcriptionally active. αNp73 isoforms lack the N-terminal trans-activation domain and are dominate negative. Recently, we reported the p73 DNP allele was associated with (1) decreased risk [OR = 0.55, 95%CI = 0.31-0.99] for aggressive prostate cancer and (2) increased TAp73/DNp73 protein isoform ratios in ten human cancer cell lines. Etoposide is known to induce p73 gene expression. Others recently reported treatment of T-47D cells with 5-aza-2’-deoxycytidine (5AZA) resulted in increased TAp73/DNp73 mRNA ratios. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that treatment with 5AZA increases the TAp73/DNp73 mRNA ratios in human cell lines and that the presence of the p73 DNP allele potentiates 5AZA-induced increases TAp73/DNp73 cellular ratios. Methods. We treated human cancer cell lines with 50 microM etoposide for 24 hrs and/or 20 microM 5AZA for 48 hrs. RNA was isolated, converted to cDNA and used in TaqMan RT-PCR assays to detect total p73, TAp73 or αNp73 mRNAs. Results: Cell lines wild-type for p73 DNP (DU145, T47-D, MDA-MB-468) had TAp73/DNp73 mRNA ratios that were lower than those heterozygous for p73 DNP (PC-3 and MDA-MB-231) following co-treatment with 5AZA and etoposide or with etoposide alone (p Conclusion: Of the five cell lines used in this study, cells that harbor a p73 DNP allele had the highest TAp73/DNp73 mRNA ratios following co-treatment with 5AZA and etoposide or with etoposide alone as compared to wild-type cell p73 DNP, which is consistent with our previously reported data. Lastly, our data in this work assessing the effect of 5AZA treatment of T47-D cells on TAp73/DNp73 mRNA ratios is not consistent with a previously reported study. Citation Format: Zachary Connelly, L. Michael Carastro. p73 DNP genotype influences effects of etoposide and 5-aza-2’-deoxycytidine on p73 mRNA isoforms ratios in human cancer cell lines. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 3003.
General Discussion on Turnover and Elastolysis

Dr. Yu: I would like to ask Dr. Robert and Dr. Hornebeck to clarify their studies of human aorta which apparently breaks down continuously. I hope this only occurs in the diseased aorta. Do you think a normal full grown animal aorta displays this kind of turnover through the action of elastolytic enzymes?
Buprenorphine Treatment and Patient Use of Health Services after the Affordable Care Act in an Integrated Health Care System

The Affordable Care Act (ACA) was expected to benefit patients with substance use disorders, including opioid use disorders (OUDs). This study examined buprenorphine use and health services utilization by patients with OUDs pre- and post-ACA in a large health care system. Using electronic health record data, we examined demographic and clinical characteristics (substance use, psychiatric and medical conditions) of two patient cohorts using buprenorphine: those newly enrolled in 2012 ("pre-ACA," N = 204) and in 2014 ("post-ACA," N = 258). Logistic and negative binomial regressions were used to model persistent buprenorphine use, and to examine whether persistent use was related to health services utilization. Buprenorphine patients were largely similar pre- and post-ACA, although more post-ACA patients had a marijuana use disorder (p < .01). Post-ACA patients were more likely to have high-deductible benefit plans (p < .01). Use of psychiatry services was lower post-ACA (IRR: 0.56, p < .01), and high-deductible plans were also related to lower use of psychiatry services (IRR: 0.30, p < .01). The relationship between marijuana use disorder and prescription opioid use is complex, and deserves further study, particularly with increasingly widespread marijuana legalization. Access to psychiatry services may be more challenging for buprenorphine patients post-ACA, especially for patients with deductible plans.
Modeling light propagation in 3D phase objects

Accurate and fast simulation of light propagating through 3D biological cells is important to the development of new computational imaging systems. We compare the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD), multislice, first Born approximation, and series-expanded Born (SEAGLE) simulation methods.
Performance Characteristics of Homogeneous versus Heterogeneous Liquid-Metal Fast Breeder Reactors

Six homogeneous and heterogeneous core configurations with different fuel pin diameters and different degrees of neutronic coupling have been analyzed. All designs were based on the same design ass...
Improving the Prediction Accuracy of Decision Tree Mining with Data Preprocessing

A decision tree is an important classification technique in data mining classification. Decision trees have proved to be valuable tools for the classification, description, and generalization of data. J48 is a decision tree algorithm which is used to create classification model. J48 is an open source Java implementation of the C4.5 algorithm in the Weka data mining tool. In this paper, we present the method of improving accuracy for decision tree mining with data preprocessing. We applied the supervised filter discretization on J48 algorithm to construct a decision tree. We compared the results with the J48 without discretization. The results obtained from experiments show that accuracy of J48 after discretization is better than J48 before discretization.
Non-melanoma Skin Cancer with Clinical Perineural Invasion

Non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is the most common cancer in the USA and includes cutaneous basal cell and squamous cell carcinoma [1]. Although these skin cancers often present as localized and resectable [2], rarely, NMSC can present or recur with clinical perineural invasion, a condition wherein tumor cells surround nearby nerve sheaths and spread proximally along the motor or sensory nerve to the base of skull [3, 4]. Because highdose radiation therapy may also cause significant morbidity, the superior conformality of particle therapy may improve the therapeutic ratio in the management of NMSCs with clinical perineural invasion when compared to photon-based radiation therapy [5].
Location and Causation of Residual Lymph Node Metastasis After Surgical Treatment of Regionally Advanced Differentiated Thyroid Cancer.

Background: After initial surgical treatment of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) residual lymph node metastases are often found at the time of radioactive iodine (131I) therapy. Recurrence of DT...
The Childhood Role in Development of Primary Hypertension

Primary hypertension is not just an adult disorder. Current US population data on children and adolescents demonstrate a prevalence of elevated blood pressure (BP) and hypertension combined of over 10%. Recent reports from prospective cohort studies describe an association of high BP in childhood with hypertension in young adulthood. Excess adiposity is strongly associated with higher BP in childhood and increases risk for hypertension in adulthood. In addition to overweight/obesity, other exposures that raise the risk for high BP include low birthweight, dietary sodium, and stress. Using intermediate markers of cardiovascular injury, studies on hypertensive children report findings of cardiac hypertrophy, vascular stiffness, and early atherosclerotic changes. Impaired cognitive function has also been demonstrated in hypertensive children. Recent advances in clinical and translational research support the concept that the evolution of primary hypertension begins in childhood.
GP+Echo+subsumption = improved problem solving

Real-time, adaptive control is a difficult problem that can be addressed by EC architectures. We are interested in incorporating into an EC architecture some of the features that Holland's Echo architecture presents. Echo has been used to model everything from cultures to financial markets. However, the typical application of Echo is a simulation to observe the dynamics of the modeled elements such as found in control problems. We show in this paper that some aspects of Echo can be incorporated into Genetic Programming to solve control problems. The paper discusses EAGP (Echo Augmented Genetic Programming), a modified GP architecture that uses aspects of Echo, and subsumption. We demonstrate the usefulness of EAGP on a robot navigation problem.
Bio-based nutraceuticals from biorefining

Abstract: Nutraceuticals as health promoting agents have received great attention from both the scientific community and the general public in the past decades. They have been found from diversified resources, possessing a wide range of beneficial effects in biological systems. Bio-based nutraceuticals are derived from natural renewable resources, which can be extracted as a component in the biomaterials or produced through bioprocessing. The main focus of this chapter is on bio-based nutraceuticals, specifically on the current status of the nutraceuticals market, the classification of nutraceuticals, and the properties and functions of individual classes of nutraceuticals. In addition, the future prospective of bio-based nutraceuticals is also discussed.
Lyn Frazier’s Contributions to Psycholinguistics: An Appreciation

The authors of this introductory chapter express their gratitude for the many contributions Lyn Frazier has made to the field of psycholinguistics and to her students, colleagues, and friends. Her introduction of garden-path theory gave new life to the study of sentence comprehension and shaped research on the topic for many years. Throughout her career, she has provided stimulating, often controversial, analyses of how ellipses are processed and of the roles semantics and prosody play in understanding language. Her lively curiosity has led her to explore many other topics in psycholinguistics, including effects of discourse structure and of not-at-issue content, among others. The chapter concludes with an appreciation of the impact she has had as a mentor, colleague, and collaborator, as well as a few remembrances of Lyn’s particular style as a scientist.
Delirium Risk Factors and Associated Outcomes in a Neurosurgical Cohort: A Case-Control Study.

Objective There are limited reports examining delirium in cohorts of neurosurgical patients across inpatient settings without separation based on subspecialty distinction. It is of interest to identify consistent delirium risk factors across various cranial pathologies and inpatient settings that will inform future interventional studies. Methods Delirium rates, patient and hospitalization risk factors, and clinical outcomes in 235 patients undergoing a cranial procedure were examined in a retrospective fashion. Results Fifty-two (22.1%) patients experienced delirium during their hospital stay. Patient factors predictive of delirium on univariate logistic regression were older age, a diagnosis of hydrocephalus or intracranial infection, transfer from an outside hospital, and admission through the emergency department. Hospitalization factors predictive of delirium included longer length of intensive care unit (ICU) stay, abnormal sodium values preceding delirium, a new postoperative infection, and the presence of a neurologic deficit. Using recursive partitioning, age ≥72.56 years and ICU length of stay ≥5 days were identified as critical thresholds for predicting delirium (odds ratio [OR] 4.61 and 18.2, respectively). On multivariate logistic regression analysis, age (unit OR 1.05), length of ICU stay (unit OR 1.2), and a neurologic deficit (OR 5.4) were predictive of delirium. Furthermore, delirium was also significantly associated with a longer length of admission as well as decreased likelihood for discharge home. Conclusions Delirium is a frequent occurrence after neurosurgery with older age, longer ICU stay, and a neurologic deficit being consistent risk factors across inpatient settings. These results help identify at-risk patients for delirium on a neurosurgical service to enact interventions preemptively.
Harnessing Psychology and Technology to Contribute to Making Health Care a Universal Human Right

Abstract The United Nations General Assembly proclaimed the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948. It included the right to medical care. Now, 70 years later, psychologists are recognized as health care providers and have developed several evidence-based health interventions. Digital interventions have the potential to scale access to evidence-based interventions to a degree unimaginable even a few decades ago. This article addresses five key concepts: (a) knowledge is meant to be shared, (b) evidence-based interventions are essential, (c) treatment is not enough to reduce prevalence of mental disorders; prevention is key, (d) nonconsumable interventions have the greatest potential for scalability, and (e) technology now allows us to blanket the world with psychological interventions. By harnessing technology, we can now think globally, act locally, and share globally. Psychology can thus help reduce human suffering beyond our local settings, and contribute to making health care a universal human right.
IDENTIFYING OPTIMAL VACCINATION STRATEGIES VIA ECONOMIC AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL MODELING

Vaccination is among the most effective means of preventing and controlling infectious disease outbreaks. Mathematical models can be used to identify the optimal allocation of vaccine among various...
Right-angle collisions – a lesson learned

Abstract Right-angle post-encroachment data collected at 12 signalized interactions in 2004 were revisited. The available data did not allow checking the presence of evasive maneuvers. A Lomax-based analysis was conducted. The proper separation thresholds were typically 4 s or slightly longer. As anticipated, the expected crash estimates were insensitive to short thresholds. Nevertheless, the estimates were on average over 20 times higher than the reported crashes. The bias was caused most likely by not checking for the presence of evasion and the consequential inclusion of many non-conflicts. The expected pattern of the results indicates the Lomax distribution of non-conflict events. This points to the existence of alternative Lomax data-generating mechanisms, such as random arrivals, that can be avoided by strictly following the failure-based definition of traffic conflict.
Pericardial Tamponade After Systemic Alteplase in Stroke and Emergent Reversal With Tranexamic Acid.

Author(s): Romero, Cynthia; Shartar, Samuel; Carr, Michael J. | Abstract: Alteplase, or tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), lyses clots by enhancing activation of plasminogen to plasmin. Conversely, tranexamic acid (TXA) functions by inhibiting the conversion of plasminogen to plasmin, which inhibits fibrinolysis. TXA has proven safe and effective in major bleeding with various etiologies. A 76-year-old male developed acute ischemic stroke symptoms. Systemic alteplase was administered and he showed clinical improvement. Shortly thereafter, the patient became hypotensive and lost pulses. Point-of-care ultrasound revealed cardiac tamponade. TXA was immediately given to inhibit fibrinolysis since cryoprecipitate and blood products were not immediately available. Pericardiocentesis was performed and successfully removed 200 milliliters of blood with return of pulses. Clinicians must consider TXA as a rapidly accessible antagonist of tPA’s fibrinolytic effects.