cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
MicroCT Analysis of Wear and Damage in UHMWPE

Abstract Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) wear continues to be an important factor in the long-term survivability of orthopedic implants. As established in Chapter 28 , periprosthetic osteolysis occurs secondary to the generation of UHMWPE wear debris in total hip arthroplasty (THA). In the last decade, efforts have been made to increase the wear resistance of UHMWPE. Highly cross-linked UHMWPE (HXLPE) was introduced in THA more than 15 years ago and more recently, adopted in total knee arthroplasty. UHMWPE wear volume and wear patterns must be fully evaluated in order to understand historical UHMWPE wear processes; to evaluate the efficacy of HXLPE; and to analyze future UHMWPE formulations that attempt to improve the clinical performance of UHMWPE. The purpose of this chapter is to describe the advantages and drawbacks of microCT methods for evaluating wear and damage in UHMWPE.
Compensating Victims of Mass Disasters Through the Court System: Procedural Challenges and Innovations

How best to compensate victims of mass disasters – whether made by man or nature – is a worldwide problem. This article considers the very different approaches in three recent U.S. disasters. In the 2001 9/11 terrorist bombings, in which the wrong-doers could not reached, the government bore the brunt of the compensation. In the Katrina litigation, where the damage was from the 2005 hurricane, long-term losses had to be recovered through insurance or tort suits, neither of which turned out very satisfactorily for the victims. In the BP Oil Spill litigation, resulting from the 2010 oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico, the court tort system has been the primary source of compensation against BP and its partners that were responsible for the disaster. The ‘claims process’ that has been central to insuring long-term compensation is examined.
PET-determined hyperemic myocardial blood flow: Further progress to clinical application

Positron emission tomography (PET) has evolved as a mainstay to identify and characterize the coronary artery disease (CAD) process [(1)][1]. The concurrent ability of PET with radiotracer kinetic modeling to determine myocardial blood flow (MBF) at rest and during vasomotor stress enables the
Reliability of the Youth Risk Behavior Survey Questionnaire

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) has been used on a biennial basis since 1990 to measure health risk behaviors of high school students nationwide. The YRBS measures behaviors related to intentional and unintentional injury, tobacco use, alcohol and other drug use, sexual activity, diet, and physical activity. The authors present the results from a test-retest reliability study of the YRBS, conducted by administering the YRBS questionnaire to 1,679 students in grades 7 through 12 on two occasions 14 days apart. The authors computed a kappa statistic for each of 53 self-report items and compared group prevalence estimates across the two testing occasions. Kappas ranged from 14.5% to 91.1%; 71.7% of the items were rated as having "substantial" or higher reliability (kappa = 61-100%). No significant differences were found between the prevalence estimates at time 1 and time 2. Responses of seventh grade students were less consistent than those of students in higher grades, indicating that the YRBS is best suited for students in grade 8 and above. Except for a few suspect items, students appeared to report personal health risk behaviors reliably over time. Reliability and validity issues in health behavior assessment also are discussed.
Racial/Ethnic Differences in Parent-Child Smoking Communication

A cross-sectional study of parents and children who presented to the ED at a Cincinnati hospital showed high parental smoking rates and lower rates of anti-smoking communication in African American parents, unlike prior studies.
An Efficient System for Functional Hyper-expression of Multidrug Efflux Pumps in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Clinically important resistance of fungal pathogens to azole antifungal drugs is most frequently caused by the over-expression of energy-dependent drug efflux pumps. These pumps usually belong to either the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) family or the major facilitator superfamily (MFS) class of membrane transporter. Little is known about how these pumps work and there is urgent need to develop pump antagonists that circumvent resistance. The expression system is based on an S. cerevisiae AD1-8u- strain deleted in seven major ABC transporters which has reduced background and endogenous efflux activity. Plasmid pABC3 was engineered to allow functional hyper-expression of foreign proteins in this host. The main advantages of our system are its cloning efficiency: the use of homologous recombination to stably integrate single copy constructs into the host genome under the control of a highly active transcriptional regulator. The expression system has been used to clone and express genes encoding drug efflux pumps from several pathogenic fungi. Furthermore, functional over-expression of human P-glycoprotein was also demonstrated. The protein hyper-expression system will be useful for the screening of pump inhibitors and the study of membrane protein pumping mechanisms. This system has been used to screen chemicals for pump inhibitors. It was found that FK506 and milbemycins chemosensitized pump-expressing and fluconazole-resistant strains and inhibited pump ATPase activity.
Synthesis of Muscalure

A convenient synthesis of Muscalure (cis-9-tricosene) (3), the sex pheromone of house fly (Musca domestics L.), is described. Methyl 3-oxohexanoate (1) was alkylated with 1-chloro-cis-9-octadecene (oleyl chloride). The product, without isolation, was demethoxycarbonylated to give cis-14-tricosen-4-one (2). The desired compound (3) could be obtained by the Huang-Minlon reduction of (2).
Host plants and morphology of the Piesmatidae and Podopinae (Hemiptera, Heteroptera), further notes

Some data on food plants (in addition to those in Schaefer [1981, Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 74: 536]) and the pronotal carina are presented for the Piesmatidae. The spermatheca in the Podopinae is described and supports the ideas that this subfamily is not easily divided into tribes and should remain a subfamily in the Pentatomidae (Schaefer 1981, Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 74: 590).
Management of emergencies during the third stage of labor and in the immediate puerperium.

The major causes of third stage complications are discussed in this article. Emphasis is directed to the causes of hemorrhage which may develop from uterine origin, trauma or abnormal states of the placenta. Experiences with both amniotic fluid and air emboli are developed, and the article completes the survey of the complications with discussion on cardiac decompensation and afibrinogenemia.
Mnemonic Methods to Enhance Storage and Retrieval

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the study of mnemonic devices by discussing the types of mnemonic devices and the nature of their operation; the mnemonic devices in the framework of associative network theories; and the mnemonic devices in the classroom. When using a mnemonic device, the learner must elaborate new information to an unusual extent. The learner often must search memory for information, no matter how bizarre, that will relate what he or she is trying to remember to what is already known. The elaborations later function as mental cues for the recall of the new information. These mental cues must have certain properties to support new learning. Mnemonic devices represent artificial learning only in the sense that any learning using a deliberate strategy is the exercise of an art. On the other hand, mnemonic learning is natural in many of the same ways that schema-base learning is natural, and both enhance learning by facilitating positive transfer from existing knowledge to the acquisition of new knowledge; that is, both mnemonic devices and memory schemas utilize existing knowledge structures in memory.
II-05 Interferon regulatory factor 5 promotes the effector phase of immune complex-mediated glomerulonephritis

Background Lupus nephritis is a serious manifestation of lupus for which treatment is only partially effective. It is characterised by the deposition of immune complexes in the kidney, activation of the complement cascade, cellular injury with the release of necrotic cell debris and the development of glomerular inflammation. However, the signalling pathways leading to the glomerular inflammation are incompletely defined. Interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) polymorphisms are strongly associated in human genetic studies with an increased risk of developing lupus and, in mouse models, IRF5 has been shown to play an important role in the early phases of lupus pathogenesis including B cell autoantibody production and T cell activation by dendritic cells. IRF5 is a transcription factor that acts downstream of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and other innate immune receptors to induce inflammatory responses. As necrotic cell debris has the potential to activate innate immune receptors, we hypothesised that IRF5 may also play a role in the later phases of lupus pathogenesis by promoting glomerular inflammation and lupus nephritis. Materials and methods We developed a novel model of immune complex-mediated glomerulonephritis in which glomerulonephritis can be induced without exogenous adjuvant, making it possible to study the role of innate immune system activation by endogenous ligands. We induced nephritis using an endotoxin-free IgG1 fraction of sheep nephrotoxic serum (NTS) administered intravenously to wildtype (WT), IRF5-deficient (IRF5-/-) and TLR7-deficient (TLR7-/-) Fc gamma receptor IIB-deficient mice. Five days later, we euthanized the mice and measured nephritis severity. Results WT mice developed severe glomerulonephritis characterised by glomerular necrosis and crescents in 28 ± 6% of glomeruli and a marked mononuclear cell infiltrate. IRF5-/- mice developed significantly less severe disease with glomerular crescents and necrosis seen in only 6 ± 2% of glomeruli (p Conclusions IRF5 signalling plays an important role in the pathogenesis of the effector phase of immune complex-induced glomerulonephritis. This is likely mediated, at least in part, by the role of IRF5 downstream of innate immune receptors involved in the sensing of endogenous ligands released from injured cells. The reduction in disease in TLR7-/- mice suggests that RNA may be one such endogenous ligand involved. Acknowledgements We thank Dr. David Salant for providing the sheep nephrotoxic serum.
Interactive Visualization of Spatially Amplified GNSS Time‐Series Position Fields

ABSTRACT Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) position time series are used pervasively in earthquake science to measure the surface response to earthquake cycle deformation. Characteristic usage cases are focused on the temporal windowing of position data to isolate coseismic, postseismic, or interseismic deformation. Here, we present an interactive visualization approach for the temporal evolution of GNSS time session in 2D in which the position estimates are amplified relative to their true positions, or are amplified relative to a reference state. This approach enables a rapid visual assessment of deformation patterns across all phases of the earthquake cycle in relation to topographic structure and active faults including azimuth reversal of coseismic and interseismic deformation.
Creating large-bandwidth line defects by embedding dielectric waveguides into photonic crystal slabs

We introduce a general design procedure of creating a linear defect in any photonic crystal slabs that functioned as a waveguide. This involves embedding a dielectric block waveguide into a photonic crysatl slab such that the group velocity dispersion relation is phase matched with the bandgap of the crystal. A specific scheme of integration is required to remove any edge states within the guiding bandwidth. Such methodology allows a systematic tuning of waveguide properties such that it can be non-dispersive, and possesses wide bandwidth that contains only a single mode band. As a support of our argument, we demonstrate a particualr waveguide design that is single mode with essentially no group velocity dispersion, and possesses a bandwidth of 13% of the center band frequency.
Using the California Verbal Learning Test, Second Edition as an embedded performance validity measure among individuals with TBI and individuals with psychiatric disorders.

Objective: Among embedded performance validity tests (PVTs), little research addresses the use of Total Hits and Total False Positives from the California Verbal Learning Test, Second Edition (CVLT...
Risk for pulmonary late effects in childhood Hodgkin lymphoma survivors.

112Background: Survivors of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) are at risk for pulmonary late effects, including pulmonary fibrosis (PF). Established risk factors such as younger age at diagnosis and specific t...
Risk factors for pulmonary complication following fixation of spine fractures.

Abstract Background Context Previous studies have suggested pulmonary complications are common among patients undergoing fixation for traumatic spine fractures. This leads to prolonged hospital stay, worse functional outcomes, and increased economic burden. However, only limited prognostic information exists regarding which patients are at greatest risk for pulmonary complications. Purpose To identify factors predictive of perioperative pulmonary complications in patients undergoing fixation of spine fractures. Study Design/Setting Retrospective review, level 1 trauma center Patient Sample Three-hundred and two patients with spinal fractures who underwent operative fixation Outcome Measures Post-operative pulmonary complications (physiologic and functional measures) Methods Demographic and injury features were recorded, including age, gender, BMI, ASA class, mechanism of injury, injury characteristics, and neurological status. Treatment details, including surgery length, timing, and approach were reviewed. Post-operative pulmonary complications were recorded after a minimum of 6 months' follow-up. Results Forty-seven pulmonary complications occurred in 42 patients (14%), including pneumonia (35), ARDS (10) and pulmonary embolism (2). Logistic regression found spinal cord injury to be most predictive of pulmonary complications (OR = 4.4, 95% CI 1.9-10.1), followed by severe chest injury (OR 2.7, 95% CI 1.1-6.9) male gender (OR 2.7, 95% CI 1.1-6.8), and ASA classification (OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.4-4.0). Pulmonary complications were associated with significantly longer hospital stays (23.9 vs 7.7 days, p Conclusions Several factors predicted development of pulmonary complications after operative spinal fracture, including SCI, severe chest injury, male gender, and higher ASA classification. Practitioners should be especially vigilant for post-operative complications and associated injuries following upper thoracic spine fractures. Future study must focus on appropriate interventions necessary for reducing complications in these high-risk patients.
Bifurcation of quiescent H-mode to a wide pedestal regime in DIII-D and advances in the understanding of edge harmonic oscillations

New experimental studies and modelling of the coherent edge harmonic oscillation (EHO), which regulates the conventional Quiescent H-mode (QH-mode) edge, validate the proposed hypothesis of edge rotational shear in destabilizing the low-n kink-peeling mode as the additional drive mechanism for the EHO. The observed minimum edge E × B shear required for the EHO decreases linearly with pedestal collisionality , which is favorable for operating QH-mode in machines with low collisionality and low rotation such as ITER. In addition, the QH-mode regime in DIII-D has recently been found to bifurcate into a new 'wide-pedestal' state at low torque in double-null shaped plasmas, characterized by increased pedestal height, width and thermal energy confinement (Burrell 2016 Phys. Plasmas 23 056103, Chen 2017 Nucl. Fusion 57 022007). This potentially provides an alternate path for achieving high performance ELM-stable operation at low torque, in addition to the low-torque QH-mode sustained with applied 3D fields. Multi-branch low-k and intermediate-k turbulences are observed in the 'wide-pedestal'. New experiments support the hypothesis that the decreased edge E × B shear enables destabilization of broadband turbulence, which relaxes edge pressure gradients, improves peeling-ballooning stability and allows a wider and thus higher pedestal. The ability to accurately predict the critical E × B shear for EHO and maintain high performance QH-mode at low torque is an essential requirement for projecting QH-mode operation to ITER and future machines.
Crystal structure of naltrexone chloride solvates with ethanol, propan-2-ol, and 2-methyl-propan-2-ol.

Naltrexone [systematic name: 17-(cyclo­propyl­meth­yl)-3,14-di­hydroxy-4,5α-epoxymorphinan-6-one] is an opioid receptor competitive antagonist that has been widely used to prevent relapse in opioid- and alcohol-dependent subjects. Its chloride salt forms non-isomorphic solvates with ethanol (C20H24NO4+·Cl−·C2H5OH) (I), propan-2-ol (C20H24NO4+·Cl−·C3H7OH) (II), and 2-methyl­propan-2-ol (C20H24NO4+·Cl−·C4H9OH) (III). The naltrexone cation can be described as a T-shape made out of two ring systems, a tetra­hydro-2H-naphtho­[1,8-bc]furan system and a deca­hydro­isoquinolinium subunit, that are nearly perpendicular to one another. The flexible cyclo­propyl­methyl group can adopt various different conformations in response to its surroundings: an increase of available space around cyclo­propyl­methyl group may allow it to adopt a more favorable conformation. In all these structures, the alcohol mol­ecules occupy infinite solvent-filled channels. All three compounds described are attractive crystalline forms for unambiguous identification of naltrexone chloride after isolation from a pharmaceutical form. Compound (III) was refined as a two-component twin.
XBSeq2: a fast and accurate quantification of differential expression and differential polyadenylation.

RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) is a high throughput technology that profiles gene expression in a genome-wide manner. RNA-seq has been mainly used for testing differential expression (DE) of transcripts between two conditions and has recently been used for testing differential alternative polyadenylation (APA). In the past, many algorithms have been developed for detecting differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from RNA-seq experiments, including the one we developed, XBSeq, which paid special attention to the context-specific background noise that is ignored in conventional gene expression quantification and DE analysis of RNA-seq data. We present several major updates in XBSeq2, including alternative statistical testing and parameter estimation method for detecting DEGs, capacity to directly process alignment files and methods for testing differential APA usage. We evaluated the performance of XBSeq2 against several other methods by using simulated datasets in terms of area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC), number of false discoveries and statistical power. We also benchmarked different methods concerning execution time and computational memory consumed. Finally, we demonstrated the functionality of XBSeq2 by using a set of in-house generated clear cell renal carcinoma (ccRCC) samples. We present several major updates to XBSeq. By using simulated datasets, we demonstrated that, overall, XBSeq2 performs equally well as XBSeq in terms of several statistical metrics and both perform better than DESeq2 and edgeR. In addition, XBSeq2 is faster in speed and consumes much less computational memory compared to XBSeq, allowing users to evaluate differential expression and APA events in parallel. XBSeq2 is available from Bioconductor: http://bioconductor.org/packages/XBSeq/
Causes, clinical manifestations, and treatment of fat embolism.

The causes, symptoms, and methods of treatment of a fat embolism. Virtual Mentor is a monthly bioethics journal published by the American Medical Association.
Glass Half Full: Decentralization in Health Policy

Intergovernmental health policy has seen centralization and decentralization over the past forty years. The negotiations—and who wins and who loses—often depend on politics more than rational sorti...
Wide collisions in practice

Detecting collisions in the power consumption of a modern cryptographic engine is usually difficult due to small leakages and possible countermeasures. Wide collisions offer a much stronger leakage that significantly facilitates their detection. This is the first time wide collisions are exploited in a power analysis attack. In this work we introduce a collision detection method based on the detection of characteristic outliers. Detection results are compared to optimized subspace-based templates. We show that the outlier detection method, while not requiring a template building phase, is almost as effective in detecting collisions as the template-based approach.
Capture and Reductive Transformation of Halogenated Pesticides by an Activated Carbon-Based Electrolysis System for Treatment of Runoff.

This study evaluates an electrochemical system to treat the halogenated pesticides, fipronil, permethrin, and bifenthrin, in urban runoff. Compared to the poor sorption capacity of metal-based electrodes, granular activated carbon (GAC)-based electrodes could sorb halogenated pesticides, permitting electrochemical degradation to occur over longer timescales than reactor hydraulic residence times. In a dual-cell configuration, a cathode constructed of loose GAC containing sorbed pesticides was separated from the anode by an ion-exchange membrane to prevent chloride transport and oxidation to chlorine at the anode. When −1 V was applied to the cathode, fipronil concentrations declined by 92% over 15 h, releasing molar equivalents of chloride (2) and fluoride (6), suggesting complete dehalogenation of fipronil. An electrode constructed of crushed GAC particles attached to a carbon cloth current distributor achieved >90% degradation of fipronil, permethrin, and bifenthrin within 2 h under the same conditions....
Early Years of the Society for Reproductive Investigation (Formerly Society for Gynecologic Investigation), the Fetal and Neonatal Physiological Society, and Several Other Groups

Until the mid-twentieth century, academicians in obstetrics and gynecology concentrated their study primarily on the treatment of women’s reproductive maladies and pregnancy. It is difficult to conceive of how elementary and empirical the craft was, even these few years ago. Despite the responsibility for care of the fetus as well as the pregnant mother, there was little interest in the basic biology of reproduction. Since that time, however, the specialty has matured as an academic discipline, joining departments of medicine, pediatrics, surgery, and others as a field making a serious commitment to both basic and clinical investigation of problems in its purview. By increasing the understanding of normal reproductive function and its regulation at the cellular and molecular levels, advancing the technology for diagnosis and treatment, and developing new approaches to therapy, academic obstetricians and gynecologists have dedicated themselves to the improvement of health care of women and their infants. In concert with clinical investigation, basic research has increased enormously our understanding of the regulation and interrelations of the maternal-placental-fetal complex and the relations of these functions to optimization of the course of pregnancy and to the life and health of the newborn infant.
When to Refer the Patient With Erectile Dysfunction to a Specialist

Since the introduction of effective oral therapy for erectile dysfunction (ED) in 1998, there has been a marked change in diagnostic and treatment patterns among physicians who see patients with ED. Initially after the approval of sildenafil, the great majority of prescriptions were written by urologists. Now, as primary care physicians have become increasingly sophisticated in their knowledge of ED, they, along with their nurse practitioners and physician’s assistants, account for about two-thirds of prescriptions written for phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors.
The Relationship of Receptor Actions of Dopamine Agonists to Their Clinical Effects

We have subdivided dopamine (DA) receptors by differences in activity and potency of agonists and by demonstration of specific antagonism. The responses we have utilized can be measured in the human. Accordingly, if the subdivision is valid, the data should be useful for clinical studies.
On Parallel Process in Social Work Supervision

The recognition and study of parallel process in social work supervision offers both the social work supervisor and supervisee a rich learning opportunity at the moment when an impasse seems unworkable. The parallel process is an unconscious replication in the supervisory session of therapeutic difficulties which a supervisee has with a client. This replication may originate with the supervisor unwittingly modeling behavior that is then taken by the social worker into the therapeutic interaction with the client. This paper reviews the need for social workers to grasp the dynamics of the parallel process, discusses the literature for the historical development of the phenomenon, addresses supervisory methods that will uncover the process, and illustrates the supervisor's stages of exploration and modeling in addressing the parallel process.
Researching Race in Mathematics Education

BackgroundWithin mathematics education research, policy, and practice, race remains undertheorized in relation to mathematics learning and participation. Although race is characterized in the socio...
Oligomerization and carbohydrate binding of glucan phosphatases

Abstract Glucan phosphatases are a unique subset of the phosphatase family that bind to and dephosphorylate carbohydrate substrates. Family members are found in diverse organisms ranging from single-cell red algae to humans. The nature of their functional oligomerization has been a source of considerable debate. We demonstrate that the human laforin protein behaves aberrantly when subjected to Size Exclusion Chromotography (SEC) analysis due to interaction with the carbohydrate-based matrix. This interaction complicates the analysis of laforin human disease mutations. Herein, we show that SEC with Multi-Angle static Light Scattering (SEC-MALS) provides a method to robustly define the oligomerization state of laforin and laforin variants. We further analyzed glucan phosphatases from photosynthetic organisms to define if this interaction was characteristic of all glucan phosphatases. Starch EXcess-four (SEX4) from green plants was found to lack significant interaction with the matrix and instead exists as a monomer. Conversely, Cm-laforin, from red algae, exists as a monomer in solution while still exhibiting significant interaction with the matrix. These data demonstrate a range of oligomerization behaviors of members of the glucan phosphatase family, and establish SEC-MALS as a robust methodology to quantify and compare oligomerization states between different proteins and protein variants in this family.
Collaborative Approach for Water & Energy Conservation: Clothing Industry of Bangladesh

The Bangladesh economy has largely benefited from the growth of the clothing and textile manufacturing sector, yet it faces considerable challenges in efficiently managing the natural resources required for textile wet processing, particularly water and energy. The complicated and heterogeneous structure of Small-Medium Enterprises (SME) textile processing factories are a barrier to the diffusion of industry-wide standards. This study demonstrates how an innovative and collaborative approach involving many stakeholders between the Responsible Sourcing Initiative (RSI) and Partnership for Cleaner Textile, (PaCT) has been developed to identify and address resource management challenges in the Bangladeshi clothing industry. Stakeholders included in this collaborative initiative are the Bangladeshi government, the World Bank, International Finance Corporation (IFC) and the private sector stakeholders including global clothing brands and textile manufacturing facilities. The study also highlights the success of the PaCT program in ten different textile processing factories around Dhaka, Bangladesh in reduction of cost, natural resource use, and pollution generation (GHG, wastewater effluent). The initiative is well recognized and highly valued throughout the industry and has shown potential in water and energy conservation in industry processing. If the low-cost resource savings recommendations are implemented in 50 percent of the textile processing units in Bangladesh, the estimated annual savings would be 75 million USD; 63 billion liters of water; 650 million cubic meters of gas and 300 gigawatt-hours of electricity. Additionally, a significant reduction in wastewater and greenhouse gas (GHG) generation would be observed in textile and apparel wet processing facilities.
Ghosts of History: Edward Bond’s Lear & Bingo and Heiner Müller’s Hamletmachine

The first three sections of this chapter critically assess Edward Bond’s politically informed reenactment of King Lear in Lear and graphically embodied representation of Shakespeare’s last years in Bingo. The fourth focuses on Heiner Muller’s Hamletmachine, a landmark product Western cultural history, which it densely references and explodes in eight outspoken pages of text. For Bond, as for Muller, “We have not arrived at ourselves if Shakespeare writes our plays.” Shakespeare for our own time must be redeployed in a manner that disrupts expectations and denies easy access to escape or evasion. While Bond’s Lear inducts us into a pained moral accountability that cannot be sublimed away, Hamletmachine sustains a negativism that deforms, defies, and opposes whatever the normative order sponsors and supports, Shakespeare included.
Stellvertretende Erfahrungen in Narrationen

Die Sozial-kognitive Theorie erfasst symbolische, stellvertretende Erfahrungen schwerpunktmasig als visuelle Beobachtung sozialer Verhaltensweisen, die gegebenenfalls durch verbale Erklarungen erganzt werden (Bandura, 1997). Grundsatzlich wird jedoch ein breites Spektrum sozialer Handlungskontexte und symbolischer Vermittlungsformate integriert.
Detection Systems for Neutron Radiography

Image detection methods for neutron radiography are described and capabilities of the methods in terms of exposure requirements, spatial resolution, and contrast are given. Neutron energy ranges cold, thermal, epithermal, and fast are included, but emphasis is on detectors for thermal neutron images. Image methods include photographic film, real-time, track-etch, gas-cell, and thermoluminescent; major emphasis is on film techniques, both direct exposure and transfer.
Effective Biobased Phosphorus Flame Retardants from Starch-Derived bis-2,5-(Hydroxymethyl)Furan

A series of biobased phosphorus flame retardants has been prepared by converting starch-derived bis-2,5-(hydroxymethyl)furan to the corresponding diacrylate followed by Michael addition of phosphite to generate derivatives with phosphorus moieties attached via P-C bonds. All compounds behave as effective flame retardants in DGEBA epoxy resin. The most effective is the DOPO derivative, 2,5-di[(3-dopyl-propanoyl)methyl]furan. When incorporated into a DGEBA blend at a level to provide 2% phosphorus, a material displaying a LOI of 30, an UL 94 rating of V0 and a 40% reduction in combustion peak heat release rate compared to that for resin containing no additive is obtained. The analogous compounds generated from bisphenol A and tetrabromobisphenol A exhibit similar flame-retarding properties.
Weaving Through the Tresses: A Review of Emma Dabiri’s Don’t Touch My Hair

Social media is replete with videos and tutorials on how to manage Afro hair, also called natural hair. Natural hair companies in the last decade have proliferated to meet the rising demand for non...
Chapter 8 – Marine Photobiology

Publisher Summary The dinoflagellate marine algae Pyrocystis noctiluca and Pyrocystis fusiformis emit a thousand times more light than is emitted by another dinoflagellate, Gonyaulax. Photoinhibition and photoenhancement accurately predict the vertical distribution of bioluminescence during daylight and darkness. Large variations occur with depth within the euphotic zone. With the vertical excursions of phototactic organisms, the intense bioluminescence observed at the sea surface at night is observed at greater depths during the day. The in situ diurnal rhythm of blue–green light flashes because of the dinoflagellate luciferin–luciferase reaction may be endogenous or exogenous, controlled by diurnal migration. During a solar eclipse, bioluminescent organisms respond to the eclipsing sun as much as they normally respond to the setting sun. Thus, the exogenous factor overrides such endogenous rhythms as they may exist. The intracellular changes of bioluminescence apparently involve the distribution of microsources and the amount of light emitted. Periodicity of stimulated bioluminescence persists in constant darkness; thus, the rhythm cannot only be a consequence of exogenously varied photoinhibition, which is depicted in this chapter.
The Brown measure of the sum of a self-adjoint element and an elliptic element

We compute the Brown measure of the sum of a self-adjoint element and an elliptic element. We prove that the push-forward of this Brown measure of a natural map is the law of the free convolution of the self-adjoint element and the semicircle law; it is also a push-forward measure of the Brown measure of the sum of the self-adjoint element and a circular element by another natural map. We also study various asymptotic behaviors of this family of Brown measures as the variance of the elliptic element approaches infinity.
Atypical Teratoid/Rhabdoid Tumor of the Conus Medullaris.

Introduction Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor (AT/RT) is a rare tumor of the central nervous system, especially when involving the spinal column or spinal cord. Case presentation We present a case of a 5-year-old girl with progressive bilateral lower extremity pain found to have a discrete nodular lesion of the conus with mild heterogeneous enhancement. Surgical decompression and resection demonstrated a pathologic tumor consistent with AT/RT with loss of INI1 protein on immunohistochemistry. Discussion and conclusion AT/RT lesions of the conus medullaris are exceedingly rare and associated with extensive disease. We report a rare case of AT/RT with selective involvement of the conus medullaris, as well as describe the surgical, radiographic, and pathologic findings of this tumor.
Utilizing a copper-free Sonogashira reaction in the synthesis of the leukotriene a4 hydrolase modulator batatasin IV

Abstract Batatasin IV is a dihydrostilbenoid isolated from Chinese yams which was shown to have inhibitory activities against plant growth. Later studies showed that this compound may exhibit anti-inflammatory properties by inhibiting the epoxide hydrolase activity of the leukotriene A4 hydrolase enzyme. To access the dihydrostilbenoid skeleton, a copper-free SPhos-mediated Sonogashira reaction was conceived and the substrate scope was explored. Our results indicate that the reaction can tolerate the presence of free alcohols, aldehydes, nitro groups, and anilinyl groups. However, a substituent with an acidic phenol or carboxylic acid group gave significantly lower yields. Next, a total synthesis of batatasin IV was accomplished in 16% overall yield incorporating the reported copper-free Sonogashira reaction. Finally, we show that batatasin IV inhibits the hydrolysis of alanine p-nitroanilide by leukotriene A4 hydrolase with an IC50 of 91.4 µM.
Association of multifetal gestation with obstetric and neonatal outcomes in gestational carrier pregnancies.

Multifetal gestation is more frequent among gestational carrier pregnancies than non-surrogacy IVF pregnancies. We aimed to evaluate the association between multifetal gestation and obstetric and neonatal morbidity among gestational carrier pregnancies. Pooled cross-sectional study of birth certificate data from gestational carrier pregnancies in Utah from 2009 to 2018. Our primary outcome was a composite of severe obstetric morbidity; secondary outcomes included cesarean delivery (CD), hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, preterm birth (PTB), and a neonatal morbidity composite. Logistic regression was utilized to compare odds of these outcomes between gestational carrier pregnancies with and without multifetal gestation. A total of 361 gestational carrier pregnancies resulted in the delivery of 435 neonates during the study period. Of these, 284 were singleton pregnancies, and 77 were multifetal, a multifetal gestation rate of 21.3%. Baseline demographic characteristics did not differ between singleton and multifetal gestations. Multifetal gestation was not associated with higher rates of severe obstetric morbidity (odds ratio [OR] 1.87, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.34–10.39). Multifetal gestation was associated with increased odds of neonatal morbidity (OR 9.49, 95% CI 5.35–15.83); PTB < 37, 34, and 32 weeks (OR 21.88, 95% CI 11.64–41.12; OR 11.67, 95% CI 5.25–25.91; OR 8.79, 95% CI 3.41–22.68); and CD (OR 4.82, 95% CI 2.81–8.27). Severe obstetric morbidity did not differ between singleton and multifetal gestations among gestational carrier pregnancies. However, multifetal gestation was associated with increased odds of neonatal morbidity, CD, and PTB. This information may be useful when counseling prospective gestational carriers and intended parents.
Caring for the opioid-dependent patient

Abstract Preoperative opioid use among patients undergoing colorectal surgery is common and associated with substantial postoperative morbidity. Additionally, poor pain control and increased postoperative opioid requirements make management of this high-risk population particularly challenging. This article will review evidence-based methods for identifying, risk-stratifying, optimizing and managing opioid-exposed patients throughout all phases of perioperative care.
In postmenopausal women, multimodal or US screening for ovarian cancer did not reduce ovarian cancer mortality

Menon U, Gentry-Maharaj A, Burnell M, et al. Ovarian cancer population screening and mortality after long-term follow-up in the UK Collaborative Trial of Ovarian Cancer Screening (UKCTOCS): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2021;397:2182-93. 33991479.
POLE: Polarized Embedding for Signed Networks.

From the 2016 U.S. presidential election to the 2021 Capitol riots to the spread of misinformation related to COVID-19, many have blamed social media for today's deeply divided society. Recent advances in machine learning for signed networks hold the promise to guide small interventions with the goal of reducing polarization in social media. However, existing models are especially ineffective in predicting conflicts (or negative links) among users. This is due to a strong correlation between link signs and the network structure, where negative links between polarized communities are too sparse to be predicted even by state-of-the-art approaches. To address this problem, we first design a partition-agnostic polarization measure for signed graphs based on the signed random-walk and show that many real-world graphs are highly polarized. Then, we propose POLE (POLarized Embedding for signed networks), a signed embedding method for polarized graphs that captures both topological and signed similarities jointly via signed autocovariance. Through extensive experiments, we show that POLE significantly outperforms state-of-the-art methods in signed link prediction, particularly for negative links with gains of up to one order of magnitude.
The Politics of Work, “Poor Whites,” and Plantation Capitalism in Barbados

Historically cast as idle, indolent, destitute, and degenerate, the “poor whites” of Barbados are viewed as being ostracized from island and global economic spheres and processes of capitalism. Although implicated in processes of modernization, their roles within island society were markedly different from those of enslaved and, following emancipation, formerly enslaved Afro-Barbadians. As “white” plantation residents, they represent the starkest escape from slavery, given their free status, yet their presence on the landscape raises significant questions about labor on the plantation during and after the period of slavery. Archival data suggest that producers of the historical record had particular notions of appropriate forms of labor that didn’t neatly coincide with localized economic activities. Therefore, I suggest that “poor white” Barbadians were active participants in informal economic networks and engaged with capitalist processes on their own terms, characterized by the politics of work.
Skin Color vis-à-vis Occupational Aspiration Among African American Women: A Case For Affirmative Action

The constant attacks upon Affirmative Action in the workplace demands that merit be the sole criterion of employment. Policies designed to eliminate discriminatory practices are in themselves discriminatory and suggest minorities are inferior. Such suggestions are archaic and simplistic. Each assumes that the workplace operates in a social vacuum when in fact a complex system of cultural norms precedes the influence of merit. For African American women color is a precedent of merit. The present study was undertaken to determine the implications of skin color in the workplace by analyzing it vis-a-vis occupational aspiration. Using a sample of African American college students, it was found that women aspired to more prestigious occupations correlated with light skin. The apparent pervasiveness of this phenomenon requires it be addressed as an issue for Affirmative Action policy formulation.
The capital recovery question: An overview

Abstract This paper deals with the question, what path through time should capital recovery have if regulation is to maximize welfare? It offers a three-part answer. First, the time path of capital recovery that maximizes welfare and satisfies regulatory criteria is the one that, in other industries, competition would provide. Second, economic depreciation, which provides a capital recovery schedule that matches the net cash savings used to justify a project, not straight-line depreciation, is the best approximation of that path. Third, there are no problems associated with implementing economic depreciation so great that they offset the benefits of following a better time path.
New results in the perturbation theory of maximal monotone and -accretive operators in Banach spaces

Let X be a real Banach space and G a bounded, open and convex subset of X. The solvability of the fixed point problem (*) Tx + Cx 3 x in D(T) n G is considered, where T . X D D(T) -* 2X is a possibly discontinuous m-dissipative operator and C: G -X is completely continuous. It is assumed that X is uniformly convex, D(T) n G $& 0 and (T + C)(D(T) n OG) C G. A result of Browder, concerning single-valued operators T that are either uniformly continuous or continuous with X* uniformly convex, is extended to the present case. Browder's method cannot be applied in this setting, even in the single-valued case, because there is no class of permissible homeomorphisms. Let IF {= 7Z+ -+ R-; /3(r) -O 0 as r -* oo}. The effect of a weak boundary condition of the type (u + Cx, x) > -/3(11xfl)flxl12 on the range of operators T + C is studied for m-accretive and maximal monotone operators T. Here, ,B E F, x C D(T) with sufficiently large norm and u C Tx. Various new eigenvalue results are given involving the solvability of Tx + ACx 3 0 with respect to (A, x) E (0, oo) x D(T). Several results do not require the continuity of the operator C. Four open problems are also given, the solution of which would improve upon certain results of the paper.
Talking 'Bout My Antitrust Generation: Competition For and In the Field of Competition Law

Twenty-seven years ago I took my law-school antitrust course, from a fledgling assistant professor who had just left the Federal Trade Commission. My performance was adequate, earning one of the better grades in the course, but not spectacular. Unspectacular enough that afterwards the professor said it disappointed him. In retrospect, I think I under-performed because I was a soon-to-be economist as well as a budding lawyer. Like many people back then, I approached antitrust with a presumption that the gears of industrial-organization economics and antitrust law meshed more or less synchronously. But such a presumption was unwarranted, to say the least. As the course developed, it increasingly dawned that antitrust law, supposedly devoted to enhancing competition, was more a part of the problem than the solution. A few who had thought about all this longer had figured it out already. But for a callow law student at the time, it was difficult to mesh the economics of competition with "competition" law. I went into the exam conflicted, and evidently it showed. The conflicts today are fewer, thanks to a new brand of antitrust thinking that has developed and a new breed of antitrust enforcers that have arrived over the past generation. Often the new thinkers and enforcers are one and the same. The assistant professor who taught me antitrust is now the Chairman of the Federal Trade Commission, having written prolifically on both the Commission and antitrust law generally. Likewise, seminal scholars - also among my contemporaries and teaching colleagues - such as Frank Easterbrook, Richard Posner and Diane Wood - now as judges apply the new law that they espoused as academics. This article describes aspects of the evolution by which new antitrust rules have emerged to stimulate the salutary (if incomplete) rapprochement between economics and law in antitrust. In effect, the new rules have emerged from various types of competition, of two general sorts. To invoke Harold Demsetz's useful distinction, the competition has occurred in the field and for the field of antitrust. That is, the current generation has witnessed competition, first, as to which intellectual (including economic) paradigm animates antitrust law - competition for the field. As Section I details, competition for the field has included competition in the federal judiciary, some of that competition represented by acts of seeming judicial disobedience in antitrust. Thereafter, there has been considerable competition in the field, along lines to be described in section II, focusing on developments (some desirable, some not) in enforcement of the antitrust laws.
Groundwater as an Element in the Hydrological Cycle

Groundwater commonly is portrayed in diagrams of the hydrological cycle as a single pool of water with simple transfers of water to and from the land surface, oceans, and atmosphere. In reality, groundwater is an integral part of a complex hydrological cycle that involves the continuous movement of water on Earth. We begin with a global perspective on the importance of groundwater in the hydrological cycle and then address the importance of understanding the dynamics of groundwater-flow systems. We next turn our attention to groundwater budgets and the effects of humans and climate on these budgets. The final section is devoted to a discussion of interactions between groundwater and surface water, and we highlight the importance of these interactions in the hydrological cycle. Keywords: groundwater; hydrological cycle; water budgets; surface-water/groundwater interactions; groundwater depletion; groundwater-flow systems; wetlands; streams