cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Instillation negative pressure wound therapy: An effective approach for hardware salvage.

Wound infection involving hardware can be notoriously difficult to treat, often requiring the removal of the infected implant. The goal of this study was to determine the utility of instillation negative pressure wound therapy to help eradicate infection and allow for definitive wound closure in patients without removing the infected hardware. A retrospective review was performed on the outcomes of 28 patients who presented with open wounds with exposed or infected hardware and who were treated with a combination of surgical debridement and negative pressure wound therapy with instillation (NPWTi). Eleven patients were treated for infected spinal hardware, 12 for extremity, and 5 for sternal hardware. Twenty-five of 28 (89%) patients had successful retention or replacement of hardware, with clearance of infection and healed wounds. Original hardware was maintained in 17 of 28 (61%) patients. In 11 patients, original hardware was removed, with subsequent replacement in eight of those patients after a clean wound was achieved. Average time to definitive closure was 12.6 days. Average follow-up was 135 days. This series supports NPWTi as an effective adjunct therapy to help expeditiously eradicate hardware infection, allowing for hardware retention.
FttA is a CPSF73 homologue that terminates transcription in Archaea

Regulated gene expression is largely achieved by controlling the activities of essential, multisubunit RNA polymerase transcription elongation complexes (TECs). The extreme stability required of TECs to processively transcribe large genomic regions necessitates robust mechanisms to terminate transcription. Efficient transcription termination is particularly critical for gene-dense bacterial and archaeal genomes1-3 in which continued transcription would necessarily transcribe immediately adjacent genes and result in conflicts between the transcription and replication apparatuses4-6; the coupling of transcription and translation7,8 would permit the loading of ribosomes onto aberrant transcripts. Only select sequences or transcription termination factors can disrupt the otherwise extremely stable TEC and we demonstrate that one of the last universally conserved archaeal proteins with unknown biological function is the Factor that terminates transcription in Archaea (FttA). FttA resolves the dichotomy of a prokaryotic gene structure (operons and polarity) and eukaryotic molecular homology (general transcription apparatus) that is observed in Archaea. This missing link between prokaryotic and eukaryotic transcription regulation provides the most parsimonious link to the evolution of the processing activities involved in RNA 3'-end formation in Eukarya.
Cortical processing of location and frequency changes of sounds in normal hearing listeners.

Sounds we hear in our daily life contain changes in the acoustic features (e.g., frequency, intensity, and duration or "what" information) and/or changes in location ("where" information). The purpose of this study was to examine the cortical auditory evoked potentials (CAEPs) to the change within a stimulus, the acoustic change complex (ACC), in frequency (F) and location (L) of the sound in normal hearing listeners. Fifteen right-handed young normal hearing listeners participated in the electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings. The acoustic stimuli were pure tones (base frequency at 250 Hz) of 1 s, with a perceivable change either in location (L, 180°), frequency (F, 5% and 50%), or both location and frequency (L+F) in the middle of the tone. Additionally, the 250 Hz tone of 1 sec without any change was used as a reference. The participants were asked to listen passively to the stimuli and not to move their heads during the testing. Compared to the reference tone, by which only the onset-CAEP was elicited, the tones containing changes (L, F, or L+F) elicited both onset-CAEP and the ACC. The waveform analysis of ACCs from the vertex electrode (electrode Cz) showed that, larger sound changes evoked larger peak amplitudes [e.g., (L+50%F)- > L-change; (L+50%F)- > 5%F-change] and shorter the peak latencies ([(L+5%F)- 5%F-change; (L+5%F)- > 5%F-change; 50%F- > 5%F-change] in frontal lobe regions including the cingulate gyrus, medial frontal gyrus (MFG), superior frontal gyrus (SFG), the limbic lobe cingulate gyrus, and the parietal lobe postcentral gyrus. The results suggested that sound change-detection involves memory-based acoustic comparison (the neural encoding for the sound change vs. neural encoding for the pre-change stimulus stored in memory) and involuntary attention switch.
Impact of environmental temperature on Covid-19 spread: Model and analysis of measurements recorded during the second pandemic in Cyprus

The paper investigates the effect of the environmental temperature on the spread of COVID-19. We study the daily numbers of the cases infected and deaths caused by Covid-19 during the second wave of the pandemic within 2020, and how they were affected by the daily average-high temperature for the districts of the Republic of Cyprus. Among the findings of the paper, we show that (i) the average ratio of the PCR to rapid positive tests is [~]2.57{+/-}0.25, as expected from the tests responses, indicating that PCR overestimates positivity by [~]2.5 times; (ii) the average age of deaths caused by Covid-19 increases with rate about a year of age per week; (iii) the probability of a person infected by Covid-19 to develop severe symptoms leading to death is strongly depended on the persons age, while the probability of having a death on the age of [~]67 or younger is less than 1/1000; (iv) the number of infected cases and deaths declined dramatically when the environmental temperature reaches and/or climbs above the critical temperature of TC=30.1{+/-}2.4 C0; (v) the observed negative correlation between the exponential growth rate of the infected cases and the environmental temperature can be described within the framework of chemical kinetics, with at least two competing reactions, the connection of the coronavirus towards the receptor and the dissolution of the coronavirus; the estimated activation energy difference corresponding to the competing chemical reactions, 0.212{+/-}0.25 eV, matches the known experimental value; and (vi) the infected cases will decline to zero, when the environmental temperature climbs above the critical temperature within the summery days of 2021, which is expected for the Republic of Cyprus by the 16th of May, 2021.
Oxygen Adsorption and Photoconduction Models for Metal Oxide Semiconductors: A Review

Ultraviolet photodetectors have several critical applications in communications, early missile launch detection, pollution monitoring, and bacterial fluorescence detection. Wide-bandgap metal oxide semiconductors have proven to be high performance ultraviolet photodetectors with some photoresponsivities reaching several orders of magnitude greater than solid state commercial devices and even photomultiplier tubes. However, analysis and design of metal-oxide photodetectors is complicated by oxygen adsorption and photodesorption at the surface. A limited understanding of this adsorption phenomenon hinders the development of new UV photodetectors. This paper clarifies the adsorption and photodesorption process and makes analysis of metal-oxide photoconductors tractable. Several models of oxygen adsorption, oxygen desorption, and adsorption-controlled conduction from across disciplines are summarized. We discuss each model’s use in their intended context, implications for design, fitting parameters, and limitations. We conclude with an argument that current models are insufficient for describing high-gain metal oxide ultraviolet photodetectors, and we outline the requirements for a new model suitable for high-gain sensors.
Acute Rehabilitation of a Patient With COVID-19 Myocarditis: A Case Report.

Objective The purpose of this case report is to describe the acute rehabilitation of an individual with severe COVID-19 complicated by myocarditis, focusing on both facility-wide and patient-specific strategies. Methods A 50-year-old male presented to the emergency department with progressive dyspnea and confirmed COVID-19. He developed hypoxic respiratory failure and heart failure requiring prolonged mechanical ventilation. Mobility was limited by severe impairments in strength, endurance, balance, and cognition. The referral, screening, and rehabilitation of this patient were guided by a COVID-19 Service Delivery Plan designed to maximize the effectiveness and efficiency of care delivery while minimizing staff exposure to the virus. Coordinated physical and occupational therapy sessions focused on progressive mobility and cognitive retraining. Progress was monitored using a series of standardized outcome measures, including the Activity Measure for Post-Acute Care, Timed Up and Go test, and the Saint Louis University Mental Status examination. Results Rehabilitation was initiated on day 18, and the patient participated in 19 treatment sessions, each approximately 30 minutes, over the remaining 30 days of his hospital stay. His Activity Measure for Post-Acute Care mobility and function scores both improved from 100% to 0% disability, he experienced substantial improvements in both Timed Up and Go (Δ = 4.2 seconds) and Saint Louis University Mental Status (discharge score = 25). There were no adverse events. He was discharged to home with his family and home rehabilitation services. Conclusion COVID-19 contributed to severe declines in mobility and function in this middle-aged man. He experienced substantial gains in his function, mobility, and cognition during his in-hospital rehabilitation, which was guided by a facility-wide plan to prevent virus transmission. Impact The rehabilitation of individuals with severe COVID-19 presents significant challenges, both at the level of the individual patient and the whole facility. This report describes clinical decision-making required to manage these individuals in the setting of a global pandemic.
Escribir escuchando. La crónica de Ayotzinapa de John Gibler

This article analyzes Fue el estado. Los ataques contra los normalistas de Ayotzinapa. Una historia oral de la infamia, the book in which John Gibler, a US journalist based in Mexico, describes the events that led to the killing and disappearance of the students of Ayotzinapa, on September 26, 2014. Gibler delivers a polyphonic story told by the survivors of the infamous night and proposes to think about his writing as an act of listening. With that affirmation, he invites us to think about the ethical quest implied in writing about the pain of others. We examine this narrative under the light of Adriana Cavarero’s theoretical approach to voice as the trait that defines the subject, and explore the importance of listening as the image that represents the ethics of a shared vulnerability, as Cavarero suggests.
Implementation of the Uttarakhand Tobacco Free Initiative in Schools, India, 2016.

PURPOSE AND OBJECTIVES: A process evaluation, the Uttarakhand Tobacco Free Initiative (UTFI), was conducted in 49 public high schools and colleges in the state of Uttarakhand, India, to measure program implementation, provide feedback to school administrators, and identify barriers to tobacco control. INTERVENTION APPROACH: UTFI aims to 1) raise awareness and provide education and tools for teachers and school administrators about the dangers of tobacco use and secondhand smoke, 2) encourage participation in student-led activities to promote tobacco-free initiatives, and 3) enforce tobacco-free school policies in the state of Uttarakhand. EVALUATION METHODS: We used the CDC evaluation framework to document key components and lessons learned from the UTFI. We distributed questionnaires to 71 teachers and principals in December 2016, to assess awareness of school activities and policies related to the initiative. Descriptive statistics were computed for quantitative data, and a thematic content analysis was used for qualitative data. RESULTS: Of the 71 participants, 66 (92.9%) were aware of tobacco use policies in schools, and 63 (88.7%) agreed policies were enforced. Sixty-six participants (93.0%) said that they taught tobacco prevention-related topics, and 41 of 70 respondents (58.6%) reported that a student-led group helped to enforce tobacco-free policies in their schools. Of 69 respondents, almost all (n = 66) reported satisfaction with UTFI implementation. Challenges identified were related to tobacco products being readily accessible near school premises, lack of tobacco prevention materials, and tobacco use by school staff. IMPLICATIONS FOR PUBLIC HEALTH: Successes of UTFI were documented by measuring different components of the process, including implementation of program activities and teacher and principal satisfaction. Results might help enhance key processes for the initiative and highlight some barriers to implementation, such as enforcing tobacco control policy off school premises. Continued efforts are needed to prevent tobacco use among young people.
Orthopaedic Sports Medicine Fellowship Directors Are Predominantly White Men With a High Degree of Research Productivity.

Abstract Purpose To determine the objective characteristics of fellowship directors (FDs) in orthopaedic sports medicine by focusing on the demographics, academic background, institutional history, research experience, and professional affiliations of FDs in this field. Methods Data was collected for each FD via institutional biographies or publicly available curriculum vitae (CV). The data collected for each FD included age, gender, race/ethnicity, previous training institutions, residency and fellowship graduation years, additional advanced degrees, military affiliation, institutional loyalty, year hired by current institution, career timeline, Scopus H-index, number of publications, and total number of citations. Results Of the 88 FDs, 87 (98.9%) were male and 1 (1.1%) was female. The mean age for all FDs was 54.7 years (± 9.1 standard deviation). The majority of FDs were White (n = 80; 90.9%). The mean Scopus H-index, total number of publications, and total number of citations were 22.5 ± 16.6, 90.0 ± 91.6, and 2773.9 ± 3962.9, respectively. On average, it took 9.5 ± 7.3 years from fellowship graduation until FD appointment. Additionally, the mean number of years of employment or affiliation with the current institution was 17.2 ± 9.4, and the mean number of years in an FD role was 10.9 ± 9.3. Conclusion Orthopaedic sports medicine fellowship directors are largely distinguished by their high level of research productivity and accomplishment. Additionally, orthopaedic training pedigree seems to play a role in FD role attainment, with a handful of orthopaedic residency and sports medicine fellowship programs producing a large percentage of current FDs. Finally, FDs are overwhelmingly white males with little female or minority representation. Clinical Relevance This study outlines some of the most important characteristics among orthopaedic sports medicine fellowship directors and identifies racial and gender disparities within this population of leaders that may have detrimental effects on the field as a whole.
Asymmetric septal edema masking as hypertrophy in an infant with COVID-19 myocarditis

Cardiac disease in pediatric patients due to coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 disease (COVID-19) include myocarditis and multisystem inflammatory syndrome, both of which can present with a broad range in severity. Here we describe an infant with COVID-19 causing fulminant myocarditis with inotrope-resistant acute heart failure requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. The patient demonstrated an atypical finding of localized septal thickening suggestive of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, but the diagnosis of myocarditis was confirmed by cardiac MRI. Serial echocardiography illustrated complete resolution of septal hypertrophy and normalized cardiac function. The current report highlights the potential severity of COVID-19 associated myocarditis, the potential for recovery, and the utility of cardiac MRI in confirming the mechanism.
Clinical implications of tumor heterogeneity.

Clinical oncologists have long recognized the great variability in the cellular morphology, natural history, and response to therapy of human tumors. Recent progress in molecular biology, biological chemistry, immunology, and other disciplines has now provided scientists with an array of new technologies that has allowed the study of neoplastic disease to go beyond morphologic and clinical description to examination of the malignant state at the cellular and molecular level. The availability of monoclonal antibodies, DNA hybridization techniques, hormone receptor assays, human tumor stem cell assays, and other methods now enables investigators to reveal, in greater detail than ever before, the great phenotypic and genotypic diversity present in most primary and metastatic tumors.
Neurotoxic Actions and Mechanisms of Nitric Oxide

Publisher Summary Nitric oxide (NO) has revolutionized the perception of neurotransmission and neuronal signaling. It is emerging as a key regulator of numerous physiological responses. However, excessive generation of NO can mediate neuronal damage in a variety of neurologic diseases. Understanding the pathways through which NO causes neuronal cell death is key in the development of more effective therapies. This chapter reviews the current knowledge on the mechanisms of NO-mediated neurotoxicity. NO damages neurons in the reaction with superoxide anion to generate peroxynitrite. Peroxynitrite is a potent cellular toxin and is capable of altering proteins, lipids, and DNA. NO may interact directly with a large number of proteins and cause subsequent alteration of their function. NO-induced cell death is characterized by typical features of both necrosis and/or apoptosis. NO plays a role as a neuronal-cell-death mediator in a variety of disorders of the nervous system. This chapter discusses the involvement of NO in excitoxicity, stroke, ischemic reconditioning, and Parkinson's disease.
Requirements for Production Targets for Middle-Energy Cyclotrons

The fundamental requirements of production target systems are much the same for all accelerators: They must provide with boring regularity, predictably sufficient amounts of radionuclide of consistently satisfactory quality and quantity. The details of the methods by which these goals are achieved varies with the beam energy and current capabilities of the cyclotron, the types of particles accelerated, and other factors.
Structures And Structuralism In Contemporary Philosophy Of Mathematics

In recent philosophy of mathematics avariety of writers have presented ``structuralist''views and arguments. There are, however, a number ofsubstantive differences in what their proponents take``structuralism'' to be. In this paper we make explicitthese differences, as well as some underlyingsimilarities and common roots. We thus identifysystematically and in detail, several main variants ofstructuralism, including some not often recognized assuch. As a result the relations between thesevariants, and between the respective problems theyface, become manifest. Throughout our focus is onsemantic and metaphysical issues, including what is orcould be meant by ``structure'' in this connection.
Disorders, Symptoms, and Their Pharmacotherapy

In this chapter, the issue of the relationship of diagnoses and dimensions to potential pharmacotherapeutic agents will be examined. The scope of this chapter does not include differential diagnoses, nor does it claim to cover the clinical aspects of any disorder in detail. For more in-depth diagnostic considerations the reader should consult more comprehensive diagnostic texts in child and adolescent psychiatry.1-3
Give and take: A re-analysis of assessor and assessee's roles in technology-facilitated peer assessment.

The study examined how playing two roles as assessors and assessees in technology-assisted peer assessment contributes to students' performance. Data from a previous study was recoded and analysed to understand peer assessment processes from a different angle. Findings of our previous study supported the importance of the assessor's role, but not the assessee's role. In the present study, the assessee's role was re-examined based on the assessee's ability to critically judge and act upon peer feedback, instead of quality of peer feedback that they received. Regression analysis was conducted, and results suggested that how students responded to peer feedback, as indicated by the number of good versus misleading suggestions incorporated, significantly predicted their final project scores. The findings support the importance of both assessor and assessee's roles in peer assessment and provide valuable implications for effective implementation of peer assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Free-Form Surfaces in GMSolid: Goals and Issues

The GMSolid system for modeling solids is being enhanced by the addition of free-form surfaces represented as B-splines. The major reason for this enhancement is that a wide variety of automotive parts cannot be modeled satisfactorily using existing GMSolid methods based on quadric surfaces. Free-form surfaces, which can be conformed to twisting, nonquadric surface regions, are required for efficient and accurate modeling. Representing free-form surfaces as B-splines provides a convenient mathematical foundation for many of the computational geometry algorithms needed in a solid modeler.
NOVEL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM-NANOEMULSIONS: A RECENT REVIEW

Nanoemulsions are the emulsions of O/W type, having the size range of several microns. Nanoemulsions are clear, thermodynamically stable, isotropic liquid mixtures of oil, water, surfactant and co-surfactant. They are prepared by using the surfactants which are considered safe for the human use and approved by the FDA. These types of emulsions have higher surface area and hence can easily penetrate through the skin. They are also non toxic and non irritant in nature and can be used in the animals and veterinary purpose. Nanoemulsions can be prepared by the high pressure homogenization and microfluidisation technique. Nanoemulsions have been reported for the delivery of drugs to cell culture, cancer therapy and as disinfectants. Nanoemulsion show great promise for the future of cosmetics, diagnostics, drug therapies and biotechnologies. KEY WORDS: Nanoemulsions, O/W type, High-pressure equipment, Submicron
Translating DBERese (348.2)

Every discipline has its own language. Becoming comfortable with the vocabulary and conceptual rules of a language allow a new speaker to communicate with other natives. Discipline-Based Education Research (DBER) has its own jargon, which incorporates terms and ideas from both the specific STEM discipline, and from the learning sciences. This interactive presentation will define key phrases, suggest the best resources for improving eloquence, and encourage practice in translating and speaking DBERese. Several different routes to becoming fluent will also be outlined.
Degradation and biocompatibility of multistage nanovectors in physiological systems

The careful scrutiny of drug delivery systems is essential to evaluate and justify their potential for the clinic. Among the various studies necessary for pre-clinical testing, the impact of degradation is commonly overlooked. In this paper, we investigate the effect of fabrication (porosity and nucleation layer) and environment (buffer and pH) factors on the degradation kinetics of multi-stage nanovectors (MSV) composed of porous silicon. The degradation by-products of MSV were exposed to endothelial cells and analyzed for detrimental effects on cellular internalization, architecture, proliferation, and cell cycle. Increases in porosity resulted in accelerated degradation exhibiting smaller sized particles at comparable times. Removal of the nucleation layer (thin layer of small pores formed during the initial steps of etching) triggered a premature collapse of the entire central porous region of MSV. Variations in buffers prompted a faster degradation rate yielding smaller MSV within faster time frames while increases in pH stimulated erosion of MSV and thus faster degradation. In addition, exposure to these degradation by-products provoked negligible impact on the proliferation and cell cycle phases on primary endothelial cells. Here, we propose methods that lay the foundation for future investigations towards understanding the impact of the degradation of drug delivery platforms.
Isotopic evidence for extraterrestrial organic material in the Martian meteorite, Nakhla

In this paper, we report on new 14 C and 13 C isotopic analyses of organic and carbonate phases in pristine samples of the martian meteorite, Nakhla (fell 1911AD). We undertook water and acid extractions of soluble phases as well as a study of insoluble material. We used 14 C to differentiate between extraterrestrial organic material and recent terrestrial contamination. Results indicate that most of the organic matter in Nakhla is released by 6N HCl and there appear to be two isotopically distinct sources of extraterrestrial organics with d 13 Co f233‰ and 215‰ and low 14 C. We estimate that at least 75% of the organic material released by 6N HCl acid etching is extraterrestrial. We conclude that this acid-labile component is likely similar to polymeric organics observed in CM2 chondrites (Gilmour and Pillinger, 1994) and could have accumulated on the Martian surface from the accumulation of meteoritic material and cometary debris and cosmic dust. We also determined that the terrestrial organic contamination is characterized by approximately modern 14 C values and d 13 Co f225‰. Copyright © 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd
Abdominal reoperation and mesh explantation following open ventral hernia repair with mesh

Abstract Background This study sought to identify the incidence, indications, and predictors of abdominal reoperation and mesh explantation following open ventral hernia repair with mesh (OVHR). Methods A retrospective cohort study of all patients at a single institution who underwent an OVHR from 2000 to 2010 was performed. Patients who required subsequent abdominal reoperation or mesh explantation were compared with those who did not. Reasons for reoperation were recorded. The 2 groups were compared using univariate and multivariate analysis (MVA). Results A total of 407 patients were followed for a median (range) of 57 (1 to 143) months. Subsequent abdominal reoperation was required in 69 (17%) patients. The most common reasons for reoperation were recurrence and surgical site infection. Only the number of prior abdominal surgeries was associated with abdominal reoperation on MVA. Twenty-eight patients (6.9%) underwent subsequent mesh explantation. Only the Ventral Hernia Working Group grade was associated with mesh explantation on MVA. Conclusions Abdominal reoperation and mesh explantation following OVHR are common. Overwhelmingly, surgical complications are themost common causes for reoperation and mesh explantation.
An initial investigation of amorphous silicon-selenium solar cells

Abstract Amorphous silicon-selenium solar cells, where a selenium alloy thin film was used as an intrinsic layer, were successfully fabricated by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition. The cells have a simple p-i-n structure. The maximum conversion efficiency of the cells was 5.1 %, measured under 100 mW/cm [2] ELH white light illumination. The fabricated selenium alloy solar cells exhibited stable characteristics under white light soaking, with respect to those of amorphous silicon comparison solar cells, fabricated under similar conditions. Measurement of the quantum efficiency showed that this cell can be used as a top cell in a tandem cell structure.
Nitrogen additions to high moisture corn and its utilization by ruminants.

Abstract Urea, diammonium phosphate, and soybean meal were ensiled with high-moisture shelled corn in amounts which provided 0, 1.4, 2.8, 4.2, 5.6, or 8.4 percentage units of added crude protein equivalent. After 45 and 60 days of fermentation, high-moisture corn supplemented with urea and diammonium phosphate had higher pH values, higher ammonia contents, and greater nitrogen losses than the control, or corn supplemented with the soybean meal. Nitrogen losses ranged from 4 to 23% for the urea-treated corn, 5 to 15% for the corn with added diammonium phosphate, and .5 to 11% for the corn ensiled with the soybean meal. Only 2 to 18% of the added urea was recovered as urea nitrogen. Acetic acid was more and propionic acid less in corn ensiled with urea than in control, diammonium phosphate, or soybean meal. Generally, lactic acid and ethanol were lower in high-moisture corn with added urea. Addition of diammonium phosphate resulted in intermediate lactic acid. Dry matter and nitrogen digestibilities of the corn supplemented with urea, diammonium phosphate, or soybean meal did not differ (P > .05) when fed to lambs. Nitrogen retention was greater (P
The asymmetric synthesis of α-amino and α-hydrazino acid derivatives via the stereoselective amination of chiral enolates with azodicarboxylate esters

Abstract The utility of azodicarboxylate esters as (+)NH2 and (+)NH-NH2 synthons in highly diastereoselective reactions with chiral carboximide-derived enolates has been demonstrated. The lithium enolates derived from 4-substituted N-acyl 2-oxazolidinones were found to react with di-tert-butyl azodicarboxylate (DBAD) to afford the derived 2-hydrazido carboxylic acid derivatives in yields in excess of 90%. The diastereoselectivities of these reactions ranged from 97% to greater than 99%. The subsequent transformation of these adducts to both α-hydrazino and α-amino acids in enantiomeric purities in excess of 99% is described.
High temperature-low stress creep of Al and Al+0.5%Fe

Abstract The kinetics and structure dependence of high temperature-low stress Newtonian creep of Al and Al+0.5%Fe have been studied and compared with the predictions of the Nabarro-Herring (NH) theory of directional diffusion. It is shown that although the stress and temperature dependence of the Newtonian creep rate of pure Al are in agreement with the NH theory, the observed absolute creep rates in both single crystals and polycrystals are 1500 times faster than the theory predicts. Further it is shown that Newtonian creep in Al is structure sensitive. The dislocation density increases and subgrains form during creep. The subgrain size varies inversely with stress and extrapolates to subgrain size measurements for Al at lower temperatures and higher stresses while the dislocation density is essentially stress independent. Pre-straining at low temperatures results in inverse transient creep behavior similar to that observed in cold worked metals tested at lower temperatures and higher stresses. Also, the presence of precipitates of FeAl3 reduces the creep rate of Al by about a factor of 100 at the same stress and temperature, in spite of the fact that the grain size in the Al-5% Fe alloy is smaller by a factor of 30. These experimental facts lead us to conclude that Newtonian creep in Al deformation is controlled by a dislocation process rather than by directional diffusion. A simple theory based on the climb controlled generation of dislocations from a fixed density of sources is developed to explain the observed behavior.
Multinomial multifractals, fractal interpolators, and the Gaussian distribution

Abstract Transformations of (multiplicative) multinomial multifractals via deterministic fractal interpolating functions are shown to yield a wide variety of derived distributions. Depending on the fractal dimension of the graph of such a function, three distinct cases may be identified: (a) when the dimension of the graph is low (close to 1), derived multifractal measures are obtained; (b) as the dimension is increased, the multifractal nature of the derived measures steadily disappears, and absolutely continuous distributions are found; and (c) as the fractal dimension is increased towards 2, the derived measure tends to be Gaussian.
Distributed control strategies for high-penetration commercial-building-scale thermal storage

For the commercial building sector, the fraction of peak electric load due to cooling sometimes approaches 50%. Meeting this load can create severe problems for electric utilities. Building-scale thermal storage can turn this problem into a resource, allowing both a reduction of the peak demand on the electricity infrastructure, and the ability to absorb intermittent power production from renewable energy resources such as wind and solar PV. In this study, the effects of two types of distributed control of thermal storage resources are considered with respect to their effectiveness in load leveling and renewables uptake. It is found that both real-time pricing and stochastic control strategies can reduce peak loads substantially, and can react to the availability of renewable energy at the transmission level.
The wear characteristics of some cemented tungsten carbides in machining particleboard

This work is focused on developing an understanding of the wear mechanisms of cemented tungsten carbide tools in machining particleboard. Cutting experiments were conducted on several grades of cemented tungsten carbide tools using a high speed lathe, and their wear characteristics were determined. It was found that wear occurred predominantly on the clearance face of the tools for most grades tested. It was also found that the amount of wear after the same cutting distance correlates well with the bulk hardness of the tool material. The amount of wear generally decreased with an increase in hardness, a decrease in grain size and a decrease in binder content of the cutting tool material. Examination of the worn surfaces inside a scanning electron microscope showed that the cutting edge was worn by preferential removal of the metal binder phase from between the tungsten carbide grains. It is suggested that removal of the binder weakens the bond between the tungsten carbide grains leading to their mechanical removal from the clearance face. It is concluded that the main wear mechanism for cemented tungsten carbide tools in machining particleboard is the removal of the binder phase by plastic flow and micro-abrasion, which is followed by fragmentation and dislodging of the WC grains.
The Effect of Lactose Supplementation and Source on Feed Intake and Production Characteristics of Laying Hens

Abstract Three experiments involving a total of 550 laying hens were conducted to study the effects of low level lactose feeding on the egg production characterisitcs of laying hens. The specific purposes were to determine if lactose influenced calcium utilization and feed intake and if there were any important interactions between lactose and calcium. There was a consistent significant improvement in egg shell breaking strength as a result of lactose supplementation. One percent dietary lactose appeared to be adequate to achieve this improvement. The addition of 2 or 3% lactose did not result in any greater improvement than 1%. There were no consistent influences of lactose, lactose source, or calcium level on feed intake or any of the other variables examined in the three experiments. As was expected, 61-week-old hens laid significantly fewer and larger eggs with weaker shells than 47-week-old hens. There were four statistically significant interaction effects: lactose level × calcium level on egg production; lactose level × calcium level on egg shell strength; and age × lactose level on egg shell strength. Even though these effects were statistically significant, it is questionable whether or not they are of practical importance in feeding laying hens.
Optical model analysis of scattering of 14 MeV neutrons by light nuclei

Abstract The nuclear optical model is used to fit the elastic scattering of 14 MeV neutrons by lithium, beryllium, boron, carbon, nitrogen and oxygen. Good results are obtained for all elements except carbon. It is found that the radial parameter r0 used to define the radius of the potential well ( R = r 0 A 1 3 ) increases with decreasing mass number.
Current Meter Observations on the Continental Slope at Two Sites in the Eastern Gulf of Mexico

Abstract Current-meter observations obtained at two sites on the continental slope of the eastern Gulf of Mexico, at nominal positions of 29°N, 88°W (the Mobile site) and 27.5°N, 85.5°W (the Tampa site) are presented. Data were collected at three levels at Mobile (90,190 and 980 m) from July 1977 through August 1978 and at four levels at Tampa (150, 250, 550 and 950 m) from June 1978 through June 1979. At 90 and 190 m, the flow at Mobile was on the average to the east. Sustained periods of flow to the west were observed during the summer 1977 and spring 1978. During the periods of eastward flow, the wind was generally out of the north and during the periods of westward flow, the wind was out of the east. The flow at the top meter at Tampa was on the average to the west, in the same direction as the average wind. At both sites, the motions are perturbed by events associated with the Loop Current. These events make it difficult to define any seasonal variability in the upper layers. The flow at the bottom m...
The Crack-contact and the Free End Problem for a Strip Under Residual Stress

The plane problem for an infinite strip with two edge cracks under a given state of residual stress is considered. The residual stress is compressive near and at the surfaces and tensile in the interior of the strip. If the crack is deep enough to penetrate into the tensile zone, then the problem is one of crack-contact problem in which the depth of the contact area is an unknown which depends on the crack depth and the residual stress profile. The problem has applications to the static fatigue of glass plates and is solved for three typical residual stress profiles. In the limiting case of the crack crossing the entire plate thickness, the problem becomes a stress-free end problem for a semi-infinite strip under a given residual stress state away from the end. This is a typical stress diffusion problem in which decay behavior of the residual stress near and the nature of the normal displacement at the end of the semi-infinite strip are of special interest. For two typical residual stress states the solution is obtained, and some numerical results are given.
Physiological control of pheromone release behaviour in Manduca sexta (L.)

Abstract Calling behaviour in the female tobacco hornworm moth, Manduca sexta (L.) (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) is controlled by the neural output from the brain and/or the suboesophageal ganglion. This conclusion is supported by 3 lines of evidence. (1). Bisection of the nerve cord in the cervical region or the abdomen prevents gland extrusion. (2). Increased nervous activity in the ventral nerve cord is associated with pheromone gland extrusion. (3). Gross electrical stimulation of the ventral nerve cord triggered short periods of pheromone gland extrusion. While gland extrusion is triggered by a neural signal, the coordination of gland extrusion is intrinsic to the terminal abdominal ganglion. We found no evidence for the existence of a hormone that triggers calling. The removal of the corpora allata and the corpora cardiaca had no effect on calling. Injections of blood from calling females into non-calling females did not initiate or hasten the onset of calling in the injected females.
A patient with metastatic breast cancer 15 years after bilateral prophylactic total mastectomy and oophorectomy

Introduction It is estimated that 5%–10% of breast cancer is hereditary with 60%–70% of those arising from a Breast Cancer gene mutation in clinical practice (BRCA)1 or BRCA2 mutation. Women with RCA1 or BRCA2 mutations have a 55%–85% lifetime risk of nvasive breast cancer. Among women with BRCA1, 36%–63% deelop ovarian cancer and among patients with BRCA2 10%–27% evelop ovarian cancer. BRCA1-related breast cancers tend to be of he basal subtype, with predominant lymphocytic infiltration, and re often more aggressive and associated with negative prognostic actors. They are usually Estrogen (ER)/Progesterone (PR)/ ER2neu negative. BRCA2-related breast cancers tend to be of the uminal type, and are usually ER/PR positive. The median age of reast cancer onset ranges from 40 to 50 years in BRCA1 and RCA2 carriers compared with 60–70 years in sporadic cases.
CFD and VH-IVUS Biomechanical Analysis of Coronary Artery Disease With One Year Follow-Up

Coronary atherosclerotic plaques are frequently focal lesions that have variable rates of progression. Wall shear stresses (WSS) create a number of responses in endothelial cells that can lead to the localization and progression of these lesions, and in vivo coronary segments with low WSS have been found to develop greater plaque progression than segments of higher WSS.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Temperature dependence of 1/f noise in Hg/sub 1-x/Cd/sub x/Te MIS infrared detectors

We measured 1/f noise on Hg/sub 0.71/Cd/sub 0.29/Te Metal-Insulator-Semiconductor (MIS) infrared detectors operated over the temperature range of 40 K to 90 K under 300 K Infrared (IR) radiation. The purpose of the study was to identify the sources of 1/f noise, especially in relation to the dark current. The devices were operated in the correlated double sampling mode where the voltage across the MIS capacitor was sampled at empty potential well and right after the accumulation of minority carriers in the well due to IR radiation generation. The noise power spectral density for the charge integrated in the MIS well was investigated in relation to the dominant component of dark current. At lower temperatures T/spl les/65 K, the charge noise power spectral density was found to depend quadratically on the dark current. At higher temperatures, this quadratic dependence did not exist. We attribute the dark current to a mixture of tunneling and depletion-region-originated minority carrier generation which seems to be responsible for 1/f fluctuations in these structures for temperatures below 65 K. >
Some arguments against intentionalism

Recently, many have argued that phenomenal content supervenes on representational content; i.e. that the phenomenal character of an experience is wholly determined (metaphysically, not causally) by the representational content of that experience. This paper it identifies many counter-examples to intentionalism. Further, this paper shows that, if intentionalism were correct, that would require that an untenable form of representational atomism also be correct. Our argument works both against the idea that phenomenal content supervenes on “conceptual” content and also against the idea that it supervenes on “non-conceptual” content. It is also shown that the distinction between conceptual and non-conceptual content has been wrongly conceived as distinction between different kinds of information: in fact, it is a distinction between ways of packaging information that is, in itself, neither conceptual or non-conceptual.
A New Perfusion Culture System Used to Study Human Vein

Background. Cell culture studies, ring studies, and indirect physiologic studies are the predominant models used to study human vascular tissue. Such studies are limited in their capacity to permit physiologic single-factor changes or to provide the proper mechanical stress or extracellular matrix present in normal tissues. We present a newly devised organ culture system that addresses these issues and permits survival of intact segments of human vascular tissue in a perfused environment. Our experience culturing human saphenous vein with this system is detailed. Methods. Perfusion culture chambers were designed and constructed in our laboratory. Excess saphenous vein segments were collected from coronary artery bypass graft cases at our hospital and then mounted into our perfusion culture system for 0, 24, 48, 72, or 96 h. Vasomotor assays, hematoxylin and eosin staining, bromodeoxyuridine staining, and factor VIII staining were performed to assess tissue survival. Results. A total of 24 veins were cultured. Average vessel length was 5 cm. The vessels contracted and relaxed the following amounts: time 0 (6.7% contraction, 5.0% relaxation), 24 h (5.7%, 5.3%), 48 h (5.2%, 2.8%), 72 h (4.8%, 5.3%), 96 h (4.8%, 3.8%). Hematoxylin and eosin staining, bromodeoxyuridine staining, and factor VIII staining support the viability of the tissue segments. Conclusion. A new perfusion organ culture system has been devised that permits survival of intact human venous tissue for periods up to 96 h. Studies that permit physiologic single-factor changes along with precise control of the hemodynamic environment are possible with this system.
Nonlinear dynamics of a flexible mechanism with impact

The nonlinear dynamics of a slider-crank mechanism with a flexible rod is considered in this study. The flexible rod is modeled with lumped masses and periodically impacted by an external flexible sphere. The impact is modeled using a kinematic coefficient of restitution. Nonlinear dynamics tools are applied to analyze the simulated data captured from the connecting rod of the mechanism. The chaotic behavior of the system is analyzed. The stability of the motion is studied using the Lyapunov exponents. The dependence between the Lyapunov exponents and the corresponding angular velocity of the driver link of the mechanism is investigated.
2-Propyl 3,3-dibromo-2-hydroxy­pyrrolidine-1-carboxyl­ate

The title compound, C8H13Br2NO3, crystallizes as a non-merohedral twin with twin law −0.6 0 0.4/0 − 1 0 /1.6 0 0.6, and the structure has a refined twin domain ratio of 0.546 (5). The structure shows a compact conformation, with the ester unit roughly coplanar with a mean plane fitted through the non-H atoms of the pyrrolidine ring [dihedral angle = 8.23 (9)°]. In the crystal, inversion dimers linked by pairs of O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds generate an R22(12) motif.
Theory of Mind, Inhibitory Control, and Preschool-Age Children's Suggestibility in Different Interviewing Contexts.

The current study examined the relations among 3- to 5-year-olds' theory of mind, inhibitory control, and three measures of suggestibility: yielding to suggestive questions (yield), shifting answers in response to negative feedback (shift), and accuracy in response to misleading questions during a pressured interview about a live event. Theory of mind aided in the prediction of suggestibility about the live event, and inhibitory control was a moderator variable affecting the consistency of children's sensitivity to social pressure across situations. The findings indicate that theory of mind and inhibitory control predict children's suggestibility about a live event above and beyond yield, shift, and age and that the construct validity of shift may improve as children's inhibitory control develops.
Process mapping in successful ERP implementations

This paper discusses the six core business processes and supporting technology that are impacted by an enterprise resource planning (ERP) implementation. It begins with a brief history of the evolution of ERP and the information systems technology that enabled its development. A discussion of project implementation team preparations is followed by a description of process mapping and its significance to the success of an ERP implementation. Highlights of “As‐Is” and “To‐Be” process mapping and change management conclude the paper.