cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
False Minima in X-ray Structure Solutions Associated with a “Partial Polar Ambiguity”: Single Crystal X-ray and Neutron Diffraction Studies on the Eight-Coordinate Tungsten Hydride Complexes, W(PMe3)4H2X2 (X = F, Cl, Br, I) and W(PMe3)4H2F(FHF)

The molecular structures of the eight-coordinate tungsten hydride complexes W(PMe3)4H2X2 (X = F, Cl, Br, I) and W(PMe3)4H2F(FHF) have been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction; W(PMe3)4H2Cl2 and W(PMe3)4H2F(FHF) have also been analyzed by single-crystal neutron diffraction, thereby accurately locating the positions of the hydride ligands. The structures of all of these complexes are similar and are based on a trigonal dodecahedron, with a distorted tetrahedral array of PMe3 ligands in which two of the PMe3 ligands are displaced over the halide substituents. However, the initial structures derived for both W(PMe3)4H2Cl2 and W(PMe3)4H2F(FHF) did not exhibit the aforementioned geometry, but were based on an arrangement in which the two transoid-PMe3 ligands are displaced toward the two cis-PMe3 groups, rather than tilted toward the chloride ligands. Interestingly, the unexpected structures for W(PMe3)4H2Cl2 and W(PMe3)4H2F(FHF) were discovered to be the result of an artifact due to the presence of ...
Subsurface flow considerations in thermal protection design

The current Space Shuttle orbiter has experienced sneak flow at several locations. Although composed of sccmingly fragile components, its thermal protection system (TPS) has cvolvcd to be quitc tolerant of this subsurface flow whilc guarding structure and mechanical subsystems. ~ Regardless of the type or specific materials of construction, all thermal protection systems of future reusable hypersonic flight vehicles will include interfaces. At these locations, subsurface convection and the attendant hcating will be an important design consideration. The Space Shuttle orbiter system, althoitgh composed of rather fragile components, has tolerated this subsurface or sneak Discussions here will concentrate on sneak flow effects around threeof the orbiter’s lower surface penetrations (Fig. 1). Flight data flow quitewell. Discussion includes postflight visual evidencc, tcmperature readings where available, and anomaly summaries. Design maturation at certain interfaces and refinements made during between-flight processing arc illustrated. Factors that effect subsurface flow and the difficulties in making quantitative predictions are outlined AFRSI DFI E T G/F HRSl IML >E MLG NC NLG OFT OML P
Severe Infections in Obstetrics and Gynecology: How Early Surgical Intervention Saves Lives

Obstetricians and gynecologists commonly encounter many different infections. Early recognition and treatment of these infections is crucial. On many occasions, the use of antimicrobials alone is sufficient; however, in some instances, even with antimicrobials, early surgical intervention is necessary to treat the source of infection and prevent further dissemination. This review article focuses on the epidemiology, diagnosis and management of some of the aggressive microorganisms encountered in obstetrics and gynecology. A full literature review of why early surgical intervention is critical to saving lives was conducted. Clostridial species, Streptococcus pyogenes and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria are outlined in this review, given their aggressive ability to progress into disseminating sepsis, toxic shock syndrome and necrotizing soft tissue infections. This review serves as a guide to assist obstetricians and gynecologists with making life-saving decisions on early surgical intervention when encountering such critically ill patients. An algorithmic approach is also illustrated that an obstetrician gynecologist can follow when encountering such microorganisms. J Clin Gynecol Obstet. 2016;5(1):1-16 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.14740/jcgo368w
65 THE SOY ISOFLAVONE GENISTEIN BLOCKS TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR b1-STIMULATED LUNG FIBROBLAST TO MYOFIBROBLAST TRANSFORMATION.

Rationale Genistein is a dietary isoflavone and a broad-spectrum tyrosine kinase inhibitor contained in soy products. An epidemiologic study of asthma revealed that subjects with high consumption of dietary soy isoflavones had better lung function than those with lower intake. In a guinea pig model of allergic asthma, genistein reduced methacholine-induced bronchoconstriction. To explore the mechanisms underlying these observations, we tested genistein9s ability to block lung myofibroblast differentiation, a key phenotypic change in asthmatic airway remodeling. Methods Human fetal lung fibroblasts (IMR-90) were grown to subconfluence in DMEM containing 10% FBS, serum-deprived for 24 hours, and treated with genistein (10 μM) for an additional 24 hurs. Cells were then stimulated with TGF-b1 (2 ng/mL) for 24 hours, and a-smooth muscle actin (aSMA) expression, a marker of the myofibroblast phenotype, was assessed by both immunoblot and immunofluorescence microscopy. To determine the intracellular mechanism of inhibitory actions by genistein, we also assessed phosphorylation of Smad2 by immunoblot in the presence and absence of genistein after 30-minute stimulation with TGF-b1. Results Treatment with genistein resulted in 54.9 ± 17.1% reduction in TGF-b1 induced expression of aSMA. Immunofluorescence microscopy revealed a decrease in aSMA staining intensity and stress fiber formation in genistein-treated cells. In addition, Smad2 phosphorylation was inhibited by 71.1 ± 16.7% in genistein-treated cells. Conclusions These results demonstrate that genistein interferes with TGF-b1-stimulated myofibroblast differentiation and suggest that tyrosine kinase inhibition may have a role in modulation of asthmatic airway remodeling. Funded by NIH RO1HL072891, T32HL076139, The CHEST Foundation-GSK Clinical Research Trainee Award.
Administration of CroFab Antivenom by a Helicopter Emergency Medical Service Team

The case presented here highlights an unconventional use of a helicopter emergency medical service (HEMS) to provide a specialized medication to a critically ill patient when definitive transport was delayed. A 39-year-old man presented to a rural hospital 1 hour after sustaining a copperhead envenomation. He developed severe symptoms and was intubated. Arrangements were made for transfer to a tertiary referral center by HEMS, but because of incoming weather conditions, the team would not be able to make the return flight safely. The decision was made for the HEMS team to fly antivenom to the patient, administer the medication, and then transport the patient by ground to the tertiary medical center. This plan was executed, and the patient was safely transported to the accepting facility. Antivenom is most effective when administered early because this will halt the progression of edema and may reverse the systemic effects of envenomation. In this case, HEMS transport of antivenom to the patient with severe toxicity prevented a delay to administration and likely improved the patient's outcome. Although the traditional role of HEMS is to provide rapid transport to critically ill patients, HEMS teams can also function to deliver specialized medications to remote settings.
Assessment of thyroid function in intensive care unit patients by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry methods.

Abstract Objectives Patients with non-thyroidal illness syndrome have many abnormalities in thyroid hormone tests. Such patients have medical comorbidities associated with low serum proteins and are on multiple medications that interfere with thyroid hormone measurement by immunoassay platforms. It is unknown if these thyroid hormone measurements reflect physiologic conditions or if they are artifacts of testing methodology. Methods Fifty patients were selected from the intensive care unit (ICU) from our institution. Total and free thyroid hormones in plasma were measured by gold standard liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MSMS). The results were compared to the Roche Cobas 6000. Patient medical comorbidities and binding protein levels were assessed. Results Concentrations of total 3,5,5′-triidothyronine (TT3) and total thyroxine (TT4) were significantly more likely to be low by LC-MSMS compared to immunoassay. Free 3,5,5′-triidothyronine (FT3) levels were similar by immunoassay and LC-MSMS. However, FT4 concentrations were mildly elevated for many patients when measured by ultrafiltration LC-MSMS (19/50, 38%) compared to 1/50 (2%) when measured by immunoassay ( p = 0.0001). Decreased albumin and thyroxine binding globulin were common and patients were on an average of 11.7 ± 5.0 medications, all factors known to interfere with results found on immunoassays. Conclusions Marked discrepancies in thyroid hormone measurement were noted between reference LC-MSMS and a common immunoassay platform. It is hypothesized that T4 binding to low affinity albumin is displaced by several drugs, raising concentrations of FT4 by LC-MSMS compared to immunoassay, and that the immunoassay values are falsely decreased due to low binding proteins in our patient population.
Heterobimetallic complexes of palladium and platinum containing a redox-active W[SNS]2 metalloligand.

Complexes of the general formula W[SNS]2M(dppe) (M = Pd, Pt; [SNS]H3 = bis(2-mercapto-p-tolyl)amine; dppe = 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane) were prepared by combining the corresponding (dppe)MCl2 synthon with W[SNS]2 under reducing conditions. X-ray diffraction studies revealed the formation of a heterobimetallic complex supported by a single thiolate bridging ligand and a short metal–metal bond between the tungsten and palladium or platinum. Electrochemical and computational results show that the frontier orbitals lie predominantly on the W[SNS]2 fragment suggesting that it behaves as a redox-active metalloligand in these complexes.
An Artificial Turf-Based Surrogate Surface Collector for the Direct Measurement of Atmospheric Mercury Dry Deposition

This paper describes the development of a new artificial turf surrogate surface (ATSS) sampler for use in the measurement of mercury (Hg) dry deposition. In contrast to many existing surrogate surface designs, the ATSS utilizes a three-dimensional deposition surface that may more closely mimic the physical structure of many natural surfaces than traditional flat surrogate surface designs (water, filter, greased Mylar film). The ATSS has been designed to overcome several complicating factors that can impact the integrity of samples with other direct measurement approaches by providing a passive system which can be deployed for both short and extended periods of time (days to weeks), and is not contaminated by precipitation and/or invalidated by strong winds. Performance characteristics including collocated precision, in-field procedural and laboratory blanks were evaluated. The results of these performance evaluations included a mean collocated precision of 9%, low blanks (0.8 ng), high extraction efficiency (97%–103%), and a quantitative matrix spike recovery (100%).
Dynamics and Stability of Polymerization Process Flowsheets Using POLYRED

Abstract The dynamic flowsheeting package, POLYRED, offers the capability to analyze the stability structure of the process. This feature is used to analyze some of the dynamics and stability problems that arise in polymerization processes. Examples are presented of real processes which can become unstable because of the nature of the flowsheet topology and operating conditions selected.
Drivers of truffle biomass, community composition, and richness among forest types in the northeastern US

Abstract Truffle-producing fungi (hypogeous sporocarps) are important mycorrhizal symbionts and provide a key food source for many animals, including small mammals. To better understand truffle diversity and associations in the northeastern US, we surveyed for truffles and analyzed spores in eastern chipmunk (Tamias striatus) scat across hardwood (angiosperm-dominated), softwood (gymnosperm-dominated), and mixed forest at Bartlett Experimental Forest, New Hampshire. Truffle biomass ranged from 3.8 kg/ha in hardwood forest to 31.4 kg/ha in softwood forest and was up to 35 times greater than mushroom (epigeous sporocarp) production in softwood forest. Elaphomyces species were the most common truffle taxa in both field surveys and chipmunk scat. Scat analysis indicated that truffle richness increased over the summer and accurately reflected fruiting time, providing greater resolution of richness than field surveys alone. Basal area of eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) was the primary driver of Elaphomyces biomass and was the best explanatory variable of truffle community composition. We discuss implications of hemlock loss, due to the introduced hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae), on forest mycorrhizal communities and food webs.
Analysis of Braced Frames

Method for knee-braced frames is analogous to Hardy Cross moment distribution for rigid jointed frames; values of fixed support forces, distribution factors, and carryover factors are given, and procedure is explained by means of example problem.
Deformation Gradient-Based Remedy for Mesh Objective Three-Dimensional Interlocking Mechanism

AbstractInterlocking over cracked surfaces is one of the primary sources of the shear force–resisting mechanism of general reinforced concrete structures. From the interlocking, shear stress develo...
Massive aneurysmal bone cyst of the skull base treated with denosumab

Background Aneurysmal bone cysts are rare, benign expansile tumors most commonly involving long bones and vertebrae in patients younger than age 20. Skull base involvement is rare. Aneurysmal bone cysts shares radiological and histological features with other bone tumors, posing a diagnostic challenge. Methods/results We report the case of a 32-year-old man who presented with facial pain, epistaxis, and cranial neuropathies secondary to a massive tumor of the maxillary sinus and anterior skull base. The tumor was originally misdiagnosed as osteosarcoma. However, genomic analysis revealed a rearrangement in the USP6 gene, elucidating a diagnosis of primary aneurysmal bone cysts. The patient was treated with denosumab. Within 5 months, the patient was asymptomatic with CT showing ossification of the tumor. Conclusions This case highlights (1) the utility of genomic analysis in aggressive bone tumors when the diagnosis is unclear and (2) the effectiveness of denosumab as a treatment for aneurysmal bone cysts when surgical resection is unfavorable.
Incentive-Enhancing Preferences in Higher Education: Motivation, Personality, and Learning

I use a randomized, controlled trial to test the efficacy of a goal-setting exercise to affect undergraduate student outcomes as mediated by their personal motivation — extrinsic versus intrinsic — and the mediating role (if any) played by personality traits and other characteristics. Motivation — extrinsic versus intrinsic — has been linked to differing responses with respect to policy changes that alter individual incentives. In addition, personality traits have been demonstrated to be reliable predictors of success (by many measures) across a wide variety of domains, including higher education. Researchers have found a wide variety of academic and non-academic measures to be reliable predictors of success in higher education, and that simple a simple goal-setting exercise contributes to improved student-level outcomes as measured by GPA. A large sample of first year students at a regional, state university are surveyed to collect individual measures that have been demonstrated to correlate with student success or failure. (To my knowledge, no other study has yet to collect and analyze data regarding both types of motivation — extrinsic versus intrinsic — and personality traits.) These students are randomly assigned to either a treatment group or control groups, and the treatment group is assigned a short series of goal setting exercises that have been shown to improve student outcomes in previous research. Economics educators understanding of the role that incentives play in undergraduate education might be improved if more is understood about the mediating effects of students’ motivation and personality traits.
Scaffolds, signs, and bridges: Language ideologies and translanguaging in student-teaching experiences

This study examines preservice teachers’ (PSTs) experiences with language ideologies in clinical placements across an academic year. Using methods derived from phenomenology, it explores how PSTs c...
Perceptions and Practices of Diabetes Prevention Among African Americans Participating in a Faith-Based Community Health Program

Black churches are instrumental in reducing chronic diseases, yet there is a paucity of literature regarding the association of Black churches and pre-diabetes among African Americans. The purpose of this study was to examine the diabetes prevention perceptions and practices of African Americans with pre-diabetes who participated in a larger intervention study (the Hosea Project). Interviews and focus groups (n = 51) were conducted 2 months following the intervention. A thematic analysis was performed to identify six emergent themes: general understanding of pre-diabetes and diabetes, diabetes prevention knowledge, program benefits, program barriers, lack of participation from men, and behavioral changes after program participation. This study illustrates how Black churches should serve as an intervention setting to increase pre-diabetes health behavior and education. Tailored and culturally appropriate programs can be beneficial in helping African Americans implement strategies to prevent diabetes.
Evaluation of Biochar as a Litter Amendment for Commercial Broiler Production

SUMMARY Litter amendments are commonly used in commercial broiler production to improve litter quality and overall house conditions. While litter amendments used to limit the formation of gaseous ammonia have been studied extensively, there has been little evaluation of materials to limit water activity in the litter. The large surface area and high porosity of biochar (BC), or charcoal that is used for environmental or agricultural applications, are physical characteristics of the material that aid in water absorption and could lead to altered water activity in commercial broiler litter. This study examined the influence of a pre-flock application of BC on broiler performance, health, and litter quality and determined the water holding capacity (WHC) of pine shavings (PS) at varying BC inclusion rates. Surface application of BC to PS at a rate of 0.97 kg/m2 did not influence performance, health, or litter nutrient content in male broilers reared to 35 d of age. The addition of BC to PS increased WHC and was influenced by BC particle size. The addition of BC at 10 to 20% by weight to PS increased WHC by 21.6 and 32.2%, respectively, over that of PS. The data herein indicate that BC used a litter amendment has no negative effects on performance and health and may improve litter quality through increased water absorption.
CURVATURE-DRIVEN MOLECULAR FLOW ON MEMBRANE SURFACE.

This work presents a mathematical model for the localization of multiple species of diffusion molecules on membrane surfaces. Morphological change of bilayer membrane in vivo is generally modulated by proteins. Most of these modulations are associated with the localization of related proteins in the crowded lipid environments. We start with the energetic description of the distributions of molecules on curved membrane surface, and define the spontaneous curvature of bilayer membrane as a function of the molecule concentrations on membrane surfaces. A drift-diffusion equation governs the gradient flow of the surface molecule concentrations. We recast the energetic formulation and the related governing equations by using an Eulerian phase field description to define membrane morphology. Computational simulations with the proposed mathematical model and related numerical techniques predict (i) the molecular localization on static membrane surfaces at locations with preferred mean curvatures, and (ii) the gen...
B.S.T.J. briefs Multicolor holographic image reconstruction with white-light illumination

Color images have been obtained by wavefront reconstruction from a reflection volume hologram illuminated with ordinary white light. The hologram was recorded with coherent light at two wavelengths, 6328 A and 4880 A, from helium-neon and argon-ion lasers, respectively. Fig. 1 shows the white-light reconstructed image from such a hologram; the original subject was a color transparency. The hologram was formed in Kodak 649F emulsion.
Pelvic fracture urethral injuries associated with rectal injury: a review of acute and definitive urologic and bowel management with long term outcomes

Background: Pelvic fracture urethral injuries (PFUI) with simultaneous rectal lacerations are unique rarely reported injuries. This paper serves to define our management, outcomes and make recommendations to improve the care of these patients. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed all patients with a PFUI and concurrent rectal injury treated from 1990–2018, initial surgical treatments, along with definitive surgical repair were reviewed. Statistical analysis considered P values <0.05 as significant. Results: Eighteen patients were identified; median follow-up post injury is 4 years, range 1–12 years. Injuries that impacted urologic care included concurrent bladder neck lacerations (BNL) in 50% (9/18) and concurrent neurologic injuries in 28% (5/18). In the nine patients with a simultaneous BNL, 44% (4/9) underwent a primary sutured anastomotic repair of the BNL and urethra, 33% (3/9) underwent primary closure of the bladder neck and SPT drainage and 23% (2/9) had primary repair of BNL with urethral realignment. Continued urinary extravasation through the BN despite the initial surgery resulted in life threating pelvic sepsis in 56% (5/9) versus 0% (0/9) in the patients without a bladder neck laceration, P=0.012. Long term follow up revealed, 22% (2/9) are currently voiding per urethra, neither are continent, one with chronic diaper dependent incontinence, one with stress incontinence. Urinary continence was eventually obtained in 44% (4/9) with either closure of the bladder neck and creation of a continent catheterizable stoma (3 pts) or with cystectomy and creation of an Indiana pouch (1 pt), 33% (3/9) were managed with eventual cystectomy and an enteric urinary conduit. In the nine patients with no concurrent bladder neck injury all were managed with a suprapubic tube placement and consideration for a delayed urethral reconstruction. Delayed end to end urethroplasties were performed in 67% (6/9). Eighty-three percent (5/6) are continent, 50% (3/6) are voiding per urethra without sequale, 33% (2/6) developed recurrent urethral strictures, one was treated with a single DVIU and has retrained urethral patency, at four years post treatment, one is on daily intermittent catheterization to maintain patency. Stress incontinence is noted in 17% (1/6). Due to concurrent neurologic injuries 33% (3/9) of these pts did not undergo further attempt at repair and have been managed with a long-term suprapubic tube. Conclusions: PFUI with simultaneous rectal lacerations have significant comorbid injuries, especially, concurrent bladder neck lacerations and neurologic injuries that affect the urologic prognosis. In patients with a concurrent BNL we recommend initial intervention include primary lower urinary tract reconstruction with simultaneous proximal urinary diversion to help prevent the complication of persistent urinary extravasation with resultant pelvic sepsis.
TruckSTM: Runtime Realization of Operational State Transitions for Medium and Heavy Duty Vehicles

Embedded computing devices play an integral role in the mechanical operations of modern-day vehicles. These devices exchange information containing critical vehicle parameters that reflect the current state of operations. Such information can be captured for various purposes, such as diagnostics, fleet management, and analytics. Although monitoring individual parameters can be useful for some applications, monitoring distinct combinations of parameters can reveal more complex and higher-level states that may give useful information. Existing monitoring systems either lack user configurability and control or present simple user interfaces that make it difficult to monitor and collate different parameters to observe high-level vehicle states. In this work, we present TruckSTM, a novel application that realizes user-defined states from messages seen in the embedded networks of medium and heavy duty vehicles and displays state transitions on an interactive user interface. We begin by symbolically formulating some of the in-vehicle networking concepts and formally defining the concept of operational states and state transitions. We then elaborate on the operations performed by TruckSTM in mapping network-obtained vehicle parameters to states that can be defined in standard JSON format. Finally, we evaluate TruckSTM’s asymptotic performance and present the results for the worst-case scenario and demonstrate that in a real world scenario such high level state visualization constraints of an operational truck.
Enhancement of Germplasm

Abstract The situation arises wherein available germplasm is inadequate to satisfy the breeding objectives of an incipient breeding program. Several effective strategies have been devised to allow the plant breeder to expand the pool of accessible existing genes to narrow or bridge the gap. One alternative is to manipulate the genome in increments of whole chromosomes or chromosome segments. It is possible to use colchicine to induce diploids to be transformed into polyploids that may then be recurrently backcrossed to diploids to recover chromosome addition and substitution genomes. Interspecific sexual and somatic hybrids can lead to allopolyploids that offer unique epistatic and allele interactions and opportunities for the manipulation of organelle genomes. Restoration of sexual function and seed or fruit bearing can be challenging in such intermediates, however. Induced mutations via physical and chemical mutagens or from cultured cells and tissues is another strategy for expanding the pool of genetic variability. The ability to introduce foreign genes into plants via a modified Agrobacterium tumefaciens T-DNA plasmid was first demonstrated in 1983. The range of plants that have been transformed with T-DNA or biolistics has progressively expanded since then to include most crop species. The sociological backlash to so-called “GMO” products developed using transformation technologies has hindered widespread applications to expand gene pools, but this perceived stigma will likely abate in the future. Genome editing offers the possibility of altering targeted genes for improved function or expression dynamics without implanting foreign DNA sequences into chromosomes, thus averting the need for GMO product labeling. CRISPR-Cas9 and other genome editing motifs will provide powerful new pathways for the expansion of germplasm pools for decades to come.
A Nonlinear Finite Element Eigenanalysis of Singular Plane Stress Fields in Bimaterial Wedges Including Complex Eigenvalues

A finite element formulation is developed for the analysis of variable-separable singular stress fields in power law hardening materials under conditions of plane stress. The displacement field within a sectorial element is assumed to be quadratic in the angular coordinate and of the power type in the radial direction as measured from the singular point. An iteration scheme that combines the Newton method and matrix singular value decomposition is used to solve the nonlinear homogeneous eigenvalue problem, where the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions are obtained simultaneously. The formulation and iteration scheme apply when the eigenvalue is complex. The examples considered include the single material crack and wedge to demonstrate convergence, and the bimaterial interface crack and the bimaterial wedge to demonstrate geometric versatility and the ability to handle complex eigenvalues. It is found that the real part of the complex eigenvalue for the interface crack agrees with the HRR value. In this case the associated complex eigenfunction is converted into an approximate real-valued eigenfunction that is valid for any mode-mix. In addition, the behavior of separable solutions near certain 'wedge paradox' geometries where non-separable solutions occur is investigated.
Neurobiological Sensitivity to Social Rewards and Punishments Moderates Link Between Peer Norms and Adolescent Risk Taking.

Although peer influence is a strong predictor of adolescents' risk-taking behaviors, not all adolescents are susceptible to their peer group. One hundred and thirty-six adolescents (Mage = 12.79 years) completed an fMRI scan, measures of perceived peer group norms, and engagement in risky behavior. Ventral striatum (VS) sensitivity when anticipating social rewards and avoiding social punishments significantly moderated the association between perceived peer norms and adolescents' own risk behaviors. Perceptions of more deviant peer norms were associated with increased risky behavior, but only for adolescents with high VS sensitivity; adolescents with low VS sensitivity were resilient to deviant peer norms, showing low risk taking regardless of peer context. Findings provide a novel contribution to the study of peer influence susceptibility.
Influence of mid and low paraplegia on cardiorespiratory fitness and energy expenditure

STUDY DESIGN Observational, Cross-sectional. OBJECTIVE Examine the influence of mid (MP) and low (LP) paraplegia on cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), energy expenditure (EE), and physical activity levels (PAL), and compare these data to able-bodied (AB) individuals. SETTING Academic medical center. METHODS Persons with MP (n = 6, T6-T8, 83% male, age: 31 ± 11 y, BMI: 24 ± 7 kg/m2) and LP (n = 5; T10-L1, 100% male, age: 39 ± 11 y, BMI: 26 ± 5 kg/m2) and AB controls (n = 6; 67% male, age: 29 ± 12 y, BMI: 26 ± 5 kg/m2) participated. All participants underwent 45-min of arm-crank exercise where CRF and exercise EE were measured. Basal metabolic rate (BMR) was measured, and total daily EE (TDEE) and PAL were estimated. RESULTS Absolute VO2Peak (MP: 1.6 ± 0.2, LP: 1.9 ± 0.1, AB: 2.5 ± 0.7 l/min), peak metabolic equivalents (MP: 6.8 ± 1.3, LP: 5.7 ± 0.7, AB: 8.8 ± 0.8 METs), peak power output (MP: 72.9 ± 11.5, LP: 86.8 ± 6.1, AB: 121.0 ± 34.8 Watts), and maximal heart rate (MP: 177.7 ± 9.8, LP: 157 ± 13.6, AB: 185.2 ± 8.5 bpm) were significantly different between the three groups (p 0.05), whereas exercise EE (MP: 7.8 ± 1.2, LP: 9.5 ± 0.7, AB: 12.4 ± 3.5 kcal/min) and PAL (MP: 1.30 ± 0.04, LP: 1.32 ± 0.04, AB: 1.43 ± 0.06) significantly differed (p < 0.05). In the AB group, 33.3% and 66.7% were classified as sedentary or having low activity levels, respectively, while all persons with paraplegia were classified as sedentary according to PAL classifications. CONCLUSION Individuals with MP and LP have lower CRF, exercise EE, and PALs compared to AB individuals.
The Nonlinear Unemployment-Inflation Relationship and the Factors That Define It

In this paper, local projections are used to explore the unemployment-price inflation relationship in a more generalized, empirical fashion. We find that inflation’s reaction to changes in the unemployment rate varies across states of the economy, with timing as the primary difference. In low-unemployment environments, inflation reacts immediately and persistently. In high-unemployment environments, the same reaction manifests after a 1-year lag. We then use industry-level data and a two-stage feasible generalized least squares method to explore the factors that drive this relationship. We find that increased reliance on labor and intermediate inputs adds to the inflationary pressures of low unemployment, while increased market concentration (among others) dampens this effect.
Insulin-Dependent Status Influences Post-Procedural Outcomes in Diabetic Patients Following Lower Extremity Endovascular Intervention for Peripheral Arterial Disease.

Diabetic patients are at increased risk of developing lower extremity peripheral arterial disease (PAD) requiring revascularization. This study assessed the effect of insulin dependence in diabetics on post-procedural outcomes following infra-inguinal endovascular intervention. The American College of Surgeon’s National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database was used to identify 8022 patients undergoing infra-inguinal endovascular interventions between 2014 and 2017. Thirty-day post-procedural outcomes for patients without diabetes, with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), and with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) were compared. At presentation, IDDM patients were more likely to present with critical limb ischemia compared to NIDDM and non-diabetic patients. In propensity score-weighted logistic regression analysis, IDDM status was an independent predictor for increased renal complication (odds ratio [OR] = 3.08, confidence interval [CI] = 1.44–6.65), sepsis (OR = 1.68, CI = 1.13–2.48), wound complication (OR = 1.57, CI = 1.09–2.25, p = 0.006), UTI (OR = 2.07, CI = 1.09–3.94, p = 0.03), and readmission (OR = 1.21, CI = 1.03–1.42). NIDDM status was an independent predictor for increased risk of renal complications (OR = 2.80, CI = 1.18–6.63). IDDM status is an independent predictor for increased risk of 30-day post-procedural complications and readmission compared to both NIDDM and non-diabetic status in patients undergoing lower extremity endovascular interventions for PAD.
Sustaining collaborative software development through strategic consortium

Abstract In recent years, consortium-based open source software (COSS) development has emerged as a strategic alternative to resource-intensive in-house development and misaligned commercial software acquisition. Yet consortia undertaking such collaborative efforts struggle to balance the oft-competing demands of innovation and sustainability. Drawing upon a longitudinal case study of the Kuali initiative, this analysis examines the mechanisms of exploration and exploitation involved in developing and sustaining a COSS approach. Based on our findings in the Kuali case, we develop a conceptual framework to discern whether and how COSS development initiatives can achieve contextual ambidexterity, balancing the strategic goals of innovation and sustainability over time. While exploration- and exploitation-oriented efforts compete for resources, our analysis reveals that they may also complement one another across distinct layers of institutional activity. The contextual ambidexterity is achieved through multi-level collaboration enabled by a modular technical and organizational design.
Empowering Female [Student] Veterans through Community Writing and Experiential Learning in the Classroom

This article argues for the importance of community writing groups on college campuses targeted towards female veterans to aid in female student veterans’ successful transition to the university. Female veterans, in general, often face a host of additional challenges upon homecoming compared to their male counterparts including, but not limited to, higher incidents of depression, repression of memories of military sexual trauma (MST), and struggles to reacclimate to caretaker roles as wives and/or mothers. While Veteran Service Organizations (VSOs) can play an important role in rebuilding eroded support levels and creating a social bridge for transitioning veterans, studies indicate that many current organizations do not reach women veterans with ideal effect. This article argues that the presence of veteran community writing groups on college campuses that are directed toward females may encourage female student veterans to disclose and self-identity their veteran status. Further, given data that indicates returning female veterans are likelier to have negative personal and family reintegration experiences, female veteran focused community writing groups can provide a much-desired sense of comradery, increase social connectivity and positive relation to the university, and serve as an outlet for secure emotional expression.
A Structural Equation Modeling Approach to Meta-analytic Mediation Analysis Using Individual Participant Data: Testing Protective Behavioral Strategies as a Mediator of Brief Motivational Intervention Effects on Alcohol-Related Problems.

This paper introduces a meta-analytic mediation analysis approach for individual participant data (IPD) from multiple studies. Mediation analysis evaluates whether the effectiveness of an intervention on health outcomes occurs because of change in a key behavior targeted by the intervention. However, individual trials are often statistically underpowered to test mediation hypotheses. Existing approaches for evaluating mediation in the meta-analytic context are limited by their reliance on aggregate data; thus, findings may be confounded with study-level differences unrelated to the pathway of interest. To overcome the limitations of existing meta-analytic mediation approaches, we used a one-stage estimation approach using structural equation modeling (SEM) to combine IPD from multiple studies for mediation analysis. This approach (1) accounts for the clustering of participants within studies, (2) accommodates missing data via multiple imputation, and (3) allows valid inferences about the indirect (i.e., mediated) effects via bootstrapped confidence intervals. We used data (N = 3691 from 10 studies) from Project INTEGRATE (Mun et al. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 29, 34-48, 2015) to illustrate the SEM approach to meta-analytic mediation analysis by testing whether improvements in the use of protective behavioral strategies mediate the effectiveness of brief motivational interventions for alcohol-related problems among college students. To facilitate the application of the methodology, we provide annotated computer code in R and data for replication. At a substantive level, stand-alone personalized feedback interventions reduced alcohol-related problems via greater use of protective behavioral strategies; however, the net-mediated effect across strategies was small in size, on average.
Breast Cancer Survivors and Sexuality: A Review of the Literature Concerning Sexual Functioning, Assessment Tools, and Evidence-Based Interventions

Background Most breast cancer survivors (BCSs) experience sexual dysfunction from treatment-induced hormonal changes, making sexual assessment an important component of survivorship care. However, because many oncology healthcare providers do not perform such assessment, a number of BCSs endure unidentified sexual dysfunction. Barriers to assessment faced by providers must be identified, and further research should examine the perspectives of BCSs and their partners regarding preferences for sexual assessment and interventions. Objectives The purpose of this literature review was to explore tools used to assess sexual functioning and evidence-based interventions used to treat sexual dysfunction in BCSs. Methods Articles published from 2003-2013 that reported on the effects of breast cancer and its treatment on sexual functioning in BCSs and located through online database searches (PubMed, the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, CINAHL) were reviewed. Findings Sexual dysfunction is a common problem among BCSs. Using various assessment tools, providers should regularly assess sexual functioning in BCSs during and after treatment to improve quality of life for BCSs and their partners.
Evaluation of the hazard of heat generation by oxidation of materials using a differential-type adiabatic calorimeter

The rapid evaluation of the hazard of heat generation by oxidation of materials using a differential-type adiabatic calorimeter (DAC) was investigated, assessing oleic acid and polyethylene glycol samples of various masses. The same samples were analyzed using an accelerating rate calorimeter and a high-sensitivity calorimeter (C80), for comparison purposes. The kinetic parameters of the exothermic reactions were determined from the C80 data, and the associated exothermic behaviors of the samples were compared with those observed using the DAC. Oleic acid exhibited self-heating at lower temperatures compared with polyethylene glycol according to each measurement method. Thus, the comparative risk of heat generation of chemical materials by oxidation may be evaluated using a DAC. The DAC technique allows the prediction of exothermic behavior based on a single measurement performed over the course of a single day. Thus, the assessment of autoxidation exothermic behaviors using a DAC may be applied to allow rapid screening of the hazard of heat generation induced by oxidation of chemical substances.
Women entrepreneurs opportunities for database research

Recent research about women entrepreneurs isreviewed, key research questions are identified, and databases are evaluatedthat may facilitate exploration of these issues. Much of the currentliterature focuses on individual women business owners, and the theories mostoften applied to women entrepreneurs are psychological or trait-based. There are, however, secondary databases available to entrepreneurshipresearchers on the World Wide Web.Contacts were made with variousgovernment organizations, associations, database firms, and web-basedbusinesses, uncovering 13 secondary databases, the most complete of which wassold by Dun and Bradstreet, and one association directory. Although using secondary databases may be costly and the data sets may notbe frequently updated, collecting data about women entrepreneurs isnevertheless an engaging means of exploring the entire entrepreneurialphenomenon.(SAA)
A Simple and General Theoretical Account for Abstract Types

A common approach to hiding implementation details is through the use of abstract types. In this paper, we present a simple theoretical account of abstract types that make use of a recently developed notion of conditional type equality. This is in contrast to most of the existing theoretical accounts of abstract types, which rely on existential types (or similar variants). In addition, we show that this new approach to abstract types opens a promising avenue to the design and implementation of module systems that can effectively support large-scale programming.
Integration of Hardware and Software Reliability

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Reliability Logic Reliability Analysis Results Combined Hardware-Software Reliability Analysis Summary And Conclusions References
Technology-independent delay optimization of complex CMOS circuitries

We extend the model of logical effort for technology-independent delay analysis and optimization of complex CMOS circuitries considering optimized gate sizing and buffer insertion. We are applying the proposed delay optimization procedure to the implementation of a fast dual path FP-adder with irregular structure.
Getting Things Right

The Physiology of Truth Neuroscience and Human Knowledge. by Jean-Pierre Changeux, translated by M. B. DeBevoise. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, 2004. 324 pp. $45, £29.95. ISBN 0-674-01283-6. Writing for both fellow scientists and a broad lay audience, the author argues that scientific progress in the neurosciences provides the grounds for concluding that we can know the world as it really is.
Outsourcing and price-QoS equilibrium for e-commerce and Internet firms: IT on-demand

Provisioning of on-demand outsourcing capability to e-commerce firms is a pre-occupation of many companies in the IT business and a concern of many e-commerce firms. We present a framework to model the choice of outsourcing, situating it in the context of market equilibrium for e-commerce and the Internet sectors. Our framework is quite general and allows for any number of distributions on usage levels, price-QoS tradeoffs, and price and cost structures.
The impact of Mars surface characteristics on rover design.

The characteristics of the surface of Mars will have a profound effect on the design and operation of roving vehicles. The design impacts of surface conditions, and the implications of knowing these conditions well or poorly, are described. It is a clear benefit to have orbital imaging, and radar subsurface sounding data at a scale of about one meter before designing the rover. In addition, knowledge of the terrain to one meter scale is important for efficient traverse and operations planning.
An API for scalable reliable multicast

There are many scenarios in which the same data must be delivered over a packet switched network to a large set of receivers. The Internet enables efficient multipoint transmissions through IP multicast by allowing data transmission to all receivers with a single send. Most approaches to scalable reliable multicast utilize receiver-oriented retransmissions. Defining an API for receiver-oriented reliable multicast is difficult because it is not clear how to manage the sender's cache and to schedule repairs. We outline an approach to defining an API based on logical cache persistence that addresses these problems. We also we explore the issues involved in defining an API for reliable multicast protocol on the Internet that can scale to millions of receivers.
Topic of presidential campaign discourse and election outcome

Research employing Functional Theory has generated considerable data on the nature of political, and primarily presidential, campaign discourse. This study investigates the relationship of the topic of presidential campaign discourse—the proportion of utterances focusing on policy and character—and election outcome. Employing a large sample of multiple presidential message forms (television spots, debates, speeches) from presidential campaigns spanning 1948–2000, the study presents evidence that presidential candidates who discuss policy more frequently (and character less) than their opponents are more likely to win elections. It appears that many citizens primarily view the presidency as an institution that implements policy and vote accordingly. This finding, that discussion of policy issues is important to election outcome, has implications for candidates, scholars, and those who cover political campaigns.
Intraarticular anterior cruciate ligament graft placement on the average most isometric line on the femur. Does it reproducibly restore knee kinematics

In the past, there has been a plausible hypothesis that anterior cruciate ligament graft placement at isometric sites, such that the tibial and femoral attachment sites remain equidistant from each other throughout knee range of motion, would increase the likelihood of a satisfactory outcome. For a given tibial placement we wanted to determine whether placing the graft on the average of the most isometric femoral line, a fixed distance from the outlet of the intercondylar notch, would return normal laxity to all knees. The three-dimensional kinematics of seven cadaveric knees were measured for angles from full extension to 90 degrees of flexion at 15 degrees increments. Physiologic levels of quadriceps muscle forces were applied to the intact knee, after transection of the anterior cruciate ligament, and after ligament reconstruction with a patellar tendon graft. On average, the reconstruction was found to return anterior-posterior translation, internal-external rotation, and varus-valgus rotation to levels not significantly different from those of the intact knee. However, the ranges of the translation and rotations were large. Placing the graft on the average most isometric femoral line did not restore knee laxity to normal in all knees. This supports the need to customize graft placement in each knee at the time of surgery.