cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Computational fluid dynamics of stented intracranial aneurysms using adaptive embedded unstructured grids

Recently, there has been increased interest in the use of stents as flow diverters in the endovascular treatment of cerebral aneurysms as an alternative to surgical clipping or endovascular embolization with coils. The aim of aneurysm stenting is to block the flow into the aneurysm in order to clot the blood inside the aneurysm and effectively isolate it from the circulation and prevent bleeding from the aneurysm. A hybrid meshing approach that combines body-fitted grids for the vessels and adaptive embedded grids for the stents is proposed and analyzed. This strategy simplifies considerably the geometry modeling problem and allows accurate patient-specific hemodynamic simulations with endovascular devices. This approach is compared with the traditional body-fitted approach in the case of the flow around a circular cylinder at representative Reynolds number and an idealized aneurysm model with a stent. A novel technique to map different stent designs to a given patient-specific anatomical model is presented. The methodology is demonstrated on a patient-specific hemodynamic model of an aneurysm of the internal carotid artery constructed from a 3D rotational angiogram and stented with two different stent designs. The results show that the methodology can be successfully used to model patient-specific anatomies with different stents thereby making it possible to explore different stent designs. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of video distortion and figural drawing scale for measuring and predicting body image dissatisfaction and distortion

Abstract Body image disturbance (BID) is conceptualized as having perceptual and attitudinal components that require separate measurement considerations. The perceptual component refers to the accuracy of body size judgment or body distortion, while the attitudinal component refers to satisfaction about body size. Two of the most common techniques employed for measuring BID are figural drawing scales and video distortion. This study utilized a within subjects design with 92 undergraduate students to compare methodologies and evaluate predictors of body image dissatisfaction and distortion. Participants completed a computerized video distortion method as well as the BIAS–BD, a reliable and valid figural drawing scale capable of measuring body size dissatisfaction and distortion. Results revealed that the figural drawing scale was less accurate in body size distortion as participants overestimated body size more than with video distortion. Participants also showed significantly higher levels of dissatisfaction (actual minus ideal size) on the figural drawing scale compared to the video distortion methodology, although these differences did not exist when comparing actual minus ideal size. BMI and gender were significant predictors of body dissatisfaction in both methodologies. No significant predictors of body size distortion for either method were identified.
Use of an IL1-receptor antagonist to prevent the progression of tendinopathy in a rat model.

This study evaluated if inhibiting IL1-β activity with an IL1-receptor antagonist (IL1-RA) will prevent pathologic changes commonly seen in tendinopathy. Thirty-six Sprague-Dawley retired-breeder rats were divided into three groups having weekly bilateral patellar tendon injections: CON (0.1 ml Saline), CAR (0.1 ml 2% carrageenan), IL1-RA (0.1 ml 2% CAR plus 0.94 mg of the IL1-RA, 2.5 mg/kg). Carrageenan was used to establish tendinopathy in two groups due to its ability to develop tendinopathy in prior studies. Animals were euthanized 3 weeks after initial injection. The CAR group demonstrated significantly (p < 0.05) shorter tendon lengths (8.61 ± 0.38 mm) relative to CON (8.94 ± 0.38 mm) that was prevented in the IL1-RA (9.02 ± 0.30 mm) as well as significantly increased collagenase activity in the CAR (0.061 ± 0.043) compared to CON (0.027 ± 0.015) (p< 0.05). By histological evaluation, the CAR group demonstrated significantly greater inflammation than IL1-RA, and CON (p < 0.05). CAR showed a trend for increased cross-sectional area relative to CON that was absent in the IL1-RA. IL1-RA can effectively inhibit the development of mechanical, chemical, and histologic changes seen with carrageenan-induced tendonitis.
Work in progress-work sampling of behavioral observations for process-oriented outcomes

Recent accreditation practices are migrating towards direct measures of student achievement of the eleven enunciated engineering outcomes. Though common examinations are capable of measuring certain outcomes, they are not fully capable of assessing many of the more process-oriented outcomes such as teamwork, problem solving, design, etc. Rich, in-depth assessment methods such as behavioral observation are desirable because they enable us to investigate student-learning outcomes and thus evaluate the students' ability to function in the higher level learning domains. Our best current method for doing this (100% observation) requires considerable time and resources. Industry has learned that activities can be assessed using statistical methods that "sample" the observable environment. Work sampling and related methods use probability theory to reduce the amount of time necessary to observe events or activities that do not occur in a systematic manner without loss of information. We are bridging this gap between educational assessment and industry practices by extending these methods to the observation of intervals that capture the cognitive, behavioral and affective domains of student learning outcomes. This paper describes the research involved in developing sampling intervals and provides preliminary results for one process-oriented outcome that of teamwork.
Choosing a Research Project and a Research Mentor

A large number of pathways to research are possible in the cardiovascular sciences, and the specifics of what and how to choose depend on numerous factors, as a function of both the individual and the broad environment. Completion of a research project is almost always beneficial to early-career individuals, whether or not research plays a major role in their subsequent careers. Success in choosing a project depends on many factors and individuals. It is almost universally accepted that having 1 or more mentors is a major help in furthering professional goals at all career stages, particularly early on in the cardiovascular sciences. To be successful in research and as a mentee, you must establish clear goals and expectations for yourself, determine what actually interests you, be open to learning, correction, and even failures, and carefully choose both research projects and mentors. Although you will establish, with the help of mentors, supervisors, role models, colleagues, and family, a career over time, you will have changing needs for mentoring. To be successful, a mentoring relationship requires commitment from both parties, as well as the recognition of the needs of both and understanding that these needs change with time. The aim of this article is to provide some guidance to early career individuals who are considering pursuing research in the cardiovascular sciences. This topic covers a very wide area, because a number of distinct research pathways exist: clinical research, focused either on formal trials or on observational studies, basic science (bench top, in vivo, or combined), population science, and translational sciences (and each pathway will be discussed in a subsequent article in this series). Opportunities in each area are almost limitless, and the ways of approaching each opportunity are equally varied. For example, in cardiovascular basic research one can find successful PhDs, MDs, …
Food Justice, Hunger and the City

We are amidst a long-overdue increase of interest in issues related food, cities and inequality within geography. While there has certainly been significant scholarship done on the issue, this area seems to be on the verge of defining many other sub-disciplinary trajectories as opposed to the opposite which has historically been the case. In this short review essay, we hope to signal the utility of the concepts of community food security, food sovereignty and urban agriculture for conceptually linking food, justice, and cities.
Clinical utility of magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasonography for diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome in adolescent girls

Objective To evaluate ovarian morphology using three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in adolescent girls with and without polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Also compare the utility of MRI versus ultrasonography (US) for diagnosis of PCOS. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Urban academic tertiary-care children's hospital. Patient(s) Thirty-nine adolescent girls with untreated PCOS and 22 age/body mass index (BMI)-matched controls. Intervention(s) Magnetic resonance imaging and/or transvaginal/transabdominal US. Main Outcome Measure(s) Ovarian volume (OV); follicle number per section (FNPS); correlation between OV on MRI and US; proportion of subjects with features of polycystic ovaries (PCOs) on MRI and US. Result(s) Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated larger OV and higher FNPS in subjects with PCOS compared with controls. Within the PCOS group, median OV was 11.9 (7.7) cm 3 by MRI compared with 8.8 (7.8) cm 3 by US. Correlation coefficient between OV by MRI and US was 0.701. Due to poor resolution, FNPS could not be determined by US or compared with MRI. The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis for MRI demonstrated that increasing volume cutoffs for PCOs from 10–14 cm 3 increased specificity from 77%–95%. For FNPS on MRI, specificity increased from 82%–98% by increasing cutoffs from ≥12 to ≥17. Using Rotterdam cutoffs, 91% of subjects with PCOS met PCO criteria on MRI, whereas only 52% met criteria by US. Conclusion(s) Ultrasonography measures smaller OV than MRI, cannot accurately detect follicle number, and is a poor imaging modality for characterizing PCOs in adolescents with suspected PCOS. For adolescents in whom diagnosis of PCOS remains uncertain after clinical and laboratory evaluation, MRI should be considered as a diagnostic imaging modality.
Na+Ca2+ exchange current: lack of effect of taurine

The intracellular taurine content is very high in some types of cells, including myocardial cells, and taurine becomes depleted in failing hearts. The effect of taurine on inward (forward) and outward (reversal) Na+/Ca2+ exchange current (INa/Ca) was examined in freshly isolated rat (11-20-day-old) ventricular cells using whole-cell voltage clamp. INa/Ca was evoked by a 300 ms ramp hyperpolarizing pulse at a rate of 0.67 V/s (from +60 to -140 mV) from a holding potential of -40 mV. Under the condition of 500 nM Ca2+ in the pipette, when the bath solution was changed from 150 mM Li+ to 150 mM Na+, an inward INa/Ca was initiated. On the other hand, under the condition of 50 mM Na+ and 56 nM Ca2+ in the pipette, when the bath solution was changed from Na(+)-free, Ca(2+)-free solution to Na(+)-free, 2 mM Ca2+, an outward INa/Ca was initiated. Both inward and outward INa/Ca were completely blocked by 5 mM Ni2+, helping to identify the current as INa/Ca. Forward and reversal INa/Ca was measured in the absence (control) and presence of 30 mM taurine added to the bath. The current densities (pA/pF) of inward INa/Ca at -50 mV were 0.75 +/- 0.12 in control and 0.73 +/- 0.11 in presence of 30 mM taurine. Outward INa/Ca at +50 mV were 0.73 +/- 0.08 in control and 0.65 +/- 0.02 in 30 mM taurine. There were no significant differences between control and taurine for both inward and outward INa/Ca. Therefore, the various effects of taurine reported on the heart are not caused by a direct effect of taurine on Na/Ca exchange.
A new strategy for isolating genes controlling dosage compensation in Drosophila using a simple epigenetic mosaic eye phenotype.

Background The Drosophila Male Specific Lethal (MSL) complex contains chromatin modifying enzymes and non-coding roX RNA. It paints the male X at hundreds of bands where it acetylates histone H4 at lysine 16. This epigenetic mark increases expression from the single male X chromosome approximately twofold above what gene-specific factors produce from each female X chromosome. This equalises X-linked gene expression between the sexes. Previous screens for components of dosage compensation relied on a distinctive male-specific lethal phenotype.
Measurement invariance related to gender of the institutional integration scale

Abstract The Institutional Integration Scale (IIS) is claimed to measure five facets of college student academic and social integration. A revised two-factor model measuring the same facets but including social and academic integration in faculty and student factors was examined for invariance. Specifically, the invariance of the latent structure of the IIS across gender was investigated through multiple sample confirmatory factor analysis (MCFA). Two independent samples ( n 1 = 1077, n 2 = 1547) of undergraduate students from a large Midwestern United States university made cross-validation of results possible. MCFA results revealed that the factor structure was essentially invariant and results replicated across the second sample. Latent means were not examined due to a lack of invariant intercepts.
CEO tenure and organizational performance: an intervening model

While CEO job tenure is seen as influencing firm performance, the intervening mechanisms that govern this influence have remained largely unexplored. Given that individuals in the firm most closely influenced by the CEO are members of the top management team (TMT), we focus on the CEO-TMT interface as one important intervening mechanism. Specifically, our tested model suggests that CEO tenure indirectly influences performance through its direct influences on TMT risk-taking propensity and the firm's pursuit of entrepreneurial initiatives. Results from structural equation modeling are consistent with this model and support its associated hypotheses. In the discussion, we trace the implications of our study for research and practice. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of Density Reduction and Supplemental Feeding on Stunted Crayfish Procambarus clarkii Populations in Earthen Ponds

Density reduction, supplemental feeding, and a combination of two treatments were evaluated as means to alleviate stunting of red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii in earthen ponds. Mean total yield of crayfish in low density control ponds averaged 1,218 kg/ha and was 1.5 to 2 times higher (P≤ 0.05) than either the high density control or treatment ponds. Mean individual harvest weight of crayfish averaged 15.1 g and did not differ among treatments. Mean total yield of crayfish in ponds receiving supplemental feed was 32% higher than non-fed ponds (P≤ 0.05). Mean total yield and size of crayfish at harvest from reduced and non-reduced treatments did not differ. Density reduction and supplemental feeding implemented in early April did not increase individual crayfish weight to the commercially desirable size of 20 g.
Fungal and mycobacterial infections in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus

Fungal and mycobacterial infections are among the most common opportunistic infections in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Candida infections are the bell-wether of progression to symptomatic HIV infection and candida oesophagitis often marks the onset of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). More than 80% of AIDS patients have candida disease. Candida infections remain local and respond to treatment but tend to recur. Cryptococcal infections initially affect few HIV positive patients but involve 10-30% with AIDS. Meningitis is the usual presentation and dissemination is common. Amphotericin usually produces improvement but cure is infrequent, and maintenance therapy is advisable. Mycobacteria cause intracellular infections increasing in parallel with immunodeficiency. Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare is predominant, occurring with other opportunistic pathogens causing systemic and local symptoms with high bacterial density in infected cells. Multidrug treatment is best, but the results are disappointing. Tuberculosis is prevalent in certain groups of patients. It often presents with atypical clinical and pathological features. Anti-tuberculous treatment is effective and prophylaxis should be considered. Endemic fungi with mycobacteria cause sporadic infections. Opportunistic infections are the lethal arm of HIV infection. Diligent diagnosis and persistent treatment offer benefit to HIV-infected patients.
A micromachined low-power temperature-regulated bandgap voltage reference

This paper describes a temperature regulated bandgap voltage reference fabricated in a foundry CMOS process. Using a simple post-processing micromachining step, a small portion of the chip containing the reference circuitry is thermally isolated from the rest of the silicon die. Having high thermal resistance and small thermal mass, the reference requires 200 times less power and warms up 160 times faster than previous heated-substrate circuits. The reference, in a standard CMOS process, can be included on-chip with CMOS data converters and mixed-signal products.
Capillary geometrical changes with fiber shortening in rat myocardium.

Capillary-to-fiber geometrical relations constitute an integral component of peripheral gas exchange. Determination of capillary length and surface area density necessitates quantification of capillary orientation (i.e., tortuosity and branching). In skeletal muscle, capillary tortuosity increases in a curvilinear fashion at reduced sarcomere length, and this compensates for decreased capillary density as fiber cross-sectional area increases. To investigate these relations in myocardium, rat hearts were glutaraldehyde perfusion-fixed in calcium- or barium-induced "systole" to provide varying degrees of fiber shortening. Morphometric techniques were used to analyze capillary geometry in subepicardium (EPI) and subendocardium (ENDO) using 1-micron sections cut transverse and longitudinal to the muscle fiber axis. Capillary density on transverse and longitudinal sections, capillary diameter, fiber cross-sectional area, and sarcomere length were determined in each region. Capillary surface density was computed, and values were related to sarcomere length and compared with published data for diastolic hearts. Sarcomere length in systole ranged from 2.06 +/- 0.03 to 1.35 +/- 0.02 microns (EPI) and from 1.93 +/- 0.04 to 1.44 +/- 0.04 microns (ENDO). Fiber cross-sectional area (EPI, 344 +/- 13 microns2; ENDO, 343 +/- 12 microns2) was significantly larger, and capillary density on transverse sections was significantly smaller (EPI, 4,105 +/- 318 mm-2; ENDO, 4,145 +/- 267 mm-2) than in hearts arrested in diastole. Compared with skeletal muscle, capillary tortuosity was substantially less increased by fiber shortening. Capillary tortuosity and branching did not differ between EPI and ENDO and contributed a maximum of 33% (range, 13-33%) to capillary length density and surface area at a sarcomere length of 1.45 +/- 0.04 microns. Compared with diastolic hearts, capillary length density decreased on average by 19.6% (EPI) and 17.7% (ENDO); similarly, capillary surface density decreased 19.9% (EPI) and 13.7% (ENDO). We conclude that, with fiber shortening in the heart, fiber cross-sectional area increases and capillary numerical density decreases as predicted from reduced sarcomere length. Combined with the minimal geometrical changes of the capillary bed at shorter fiber lengths, this results in a lower capillary length and surface area per fiber volume in systole. Consequently, the structural potential for O2 diffusion into myocytes is determined, in part, by fiber length.
Origin of silicic volcanism in the Panamanian arc: evidence for a two-stage fractionation process at El Valle volcano

In the Central American Volcanic Arc, adakite-like volcanism has often been described as volumetrically insignificant. However, extensive silicic adakitic volcanism does occur in the Panamanian arc and provides an opportunity to evaluate the origin of this magma-type as well as to contrast its origin with other Central American silicic magmas. The Quaternary volcanic deposits of El Valle volcano are characterized by pronounced depletions in the heavy rare earth elements, low Y, high Sr, high Sr/Y, relatively high MgO, and low K2O/Na2O, when compared with other Quaternary Central American volcanics at similar SiO2. These chemical features are also diagnostic of adakitic signatures. Our new 40Ar/39Ar ages of lava flows and ash flows that compose the volcanic edifice of El Valle volcano illustrate that the eruptive volume of adakitic-like volcanism is substantial during the Quaternary (~120 km3). Adakitic-like magmas dominate the stratigraphic record. Common to all models for the origin of an adakite geochemical signature is the involvement of garnet, as a residual or fractionating phase. The stability of garnet in hydrous magmas has been recently reevaluated with important consequences; garnet is a stable primary igneous phase at pressure and temperature conditions expected for magma differentiation at the roots of a mature island arc. Moreover, adakite-like volcanism erupted at El Valle volcano displays the middle rare earth element depletion observed in other Panamanian volcanic centers that has been attributed to significant amphibole fractionation. Extensive amphibole fractionation may have occurred in two stages. The first stage of fractionation, garnet + amphibole fractionation, occurs from hydrous basaltic–andesitic parental magmas that have ponded at the base of an overthickened crust. The second stage occurs at mid-lower crustal levels where abundant amphibole + plagioclase and minor sphene crystallized from water-rich magmas. These two stages combined may have resulted in an amphibole-rich cumulate layer. This amphibole layer is likely the source of the abundant amphibole-rich cumulate enclaves and blobs found in volcanic products across the Panamanian arc. Stalling of water-rich magmas during this two-stage fractionation process could drive the interstitial liquids to the evolved compositions typical of continental crust, while leaving behind amphibole-rich cumulate rocks that may eventually be returned to the asthenosphere. Differentiation of H2O-rich magmas under the conditions appropriate for the roots of island arcs may therefore be a key process in developing a better understanding of the generation of continental crust in island arc environments.
Effects of Critical Levels on Two-Dimensional Back-Sheared Flow over an Isolated Mountain Ridge on an f Plane

It is well known that there exist three singular points, U 2 c 56 f/k and U 5 c, where the corresponding levels will be called inertia critical levels (ICLs) and the classic critical level (CCL), in the equation governing a two-dimensional, rotating, continuously stratified, hydrostatic, back-sheared Boussinesq flow. Here U and c are basic wind and phase speed, respectively; f is the Coriolis force; and k is the wavenumber. The effects of these critical levels on flows over an isolated mountain ridge are investigated both analytically and numerically, based on a broad range of Rossby numbers (Ro) and Richardson numbers (Ri). Each wave mode generated from the isolated mountain with a continuous spectrum has its own ICL. To indicate the net effects of all ICLs, the authors define the effective ICL as the height above which the amplitude of the inertia-gravity wave mode is very small. The findings for linear flows are summarized as follows. Regime I is inertia-gravity waves. The flow behaves like unsheared inertia-gravity waves and the effective lower ICL plays a similar role as the CCL does in a nonrotating flow. Regime II is combined inertia-gravity waves and baroclinic lee waves. These waves behave like those in regime I below the lower effective ICL, and like baroclinic lee waves near the CCL. In this regime, the horizontal warm advection by the baroclinic lee wave plays an important role in the formation of the lee pressure trough. On the other hand, near the downslope of the mountain, both the warm advection by the inertia gravity and the adiabatic warming also contribute significantly to the lee trough. Therefore, Smith’s quasigeostrophic theory of lee cyclogenesis is extended to a nongeostrophic regime. Regime III is combined evanescent and baroclinic lee waves. These waves still behave like baroclinic lee waves near the CCL, but they are trapped near the surface. Regime IV is transient waves. Nongeostrophic baroclinic instability exists, as evidenced by the positive domain-averaged north‐south heat flux. There exists no steady state. At earlier times, the flow behaves like trapped baroclinic lee waves. For a relatively large Ri (e.g., Ri . 25), the flow falls into regime I when Ro is relatively large (e.g., Ro $ 2). It then shifts to regime II, and finally to regime III as Ro decreases. For a relatively small Ri (e.g., Ri , 25), the flow shifts from regime I to II, and then finally to regime IV when both Ro and Ri decrease.
Linear Triatomic Molecules

Triatomic molecules are most frequently bent; less common are the linear and (the quite rare) triangular arrangements. Stable molecular geometries with precise bond angles and bond lengths can be predicted by determining quantum mechanically the molecular energy as a function of atomic positions and then finding the minima in this function. Sophisticated calculations are required for this purpose, however. For large molecules and compounds of heavier elements the computations are still too large even for modern computers to achieve substantial accuracy. Since one of our purposes is to develop qualitative delocalized and localized views of bonding in polyatomic molecules, we must first know their geometries. The concept most often used for this purpose is the so-called “valence state electron pair repulsion” or VSEPR approach developed by Gillespie and Nyholm, and indeed we shall in future chapters utilize this idea extensively. In order to justify the use of this tool, however, we will in the first several examples assume that we know the molecular geometry.
Executive Function in Adolescence: A Commentary on Regulatory Control and Depression in Adolescents: Findings From Neuroimaging and Neuropsychological Research

This commentary addresses the manner in which executive control processes and their development is impacted by major depressive episodes during adolescence. Strengths of the articles within this special issue include the breadth of executive functions that were examined, incorporation of biological probes to understand neural mechanisms involved in observed impairments, the use of longitudinal paradigms to assess developmental timing, consideration and modeling of comorbid conditions, and the identification of individual difference factors that may serve as both liabilities and resilience factors. This work is timely; a close examination of negative emotions and how they change during adolescence is needed if we are to fully understand motivation-cognition interactions and how they are impaired by psychopathology.
Integrative genomics reveals molecular and clinical heterogeneity in central nervous system primitive neuroectodermal tumors in children.

Through advances in genome science, we are becoming increasingly aware that tumors that appear identical under the pathologist’s microscope can be very different in their genetic composition and clinical behavior. Pediatric embryonal brain tumors share a characteristic histological feature—densely packed sheets of cells with hyperchromatic nuclei and scant cytoplasm.
Optimal Power Allocation and Rate Adaptation for Scalable Video over Multi-User MIMO

In this paper, an optimal power allocation and rate adaptation scheme is proposed to maximize the user Quality of Experience (QoE) of scalable video streaming over multi-user MIMO (MU-MIMO) networks. The proposed scheme utilizes the wireless resources to accommodate multiple users consuming different video contents more efficiently under limited propagation power and spectrum. The optimal power allocation scheme is derived based on convex optimization and an effective algorithm is proposed to select the best modulation set to control the transmission rate of each scalable video layer. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme can achieve more favorable performance than water- filling algorithm and any other power allocation scheme in terms of the sum-utility measure and QoE.
In vitro Effect of sulfonamides plus Urea on Escherichia coli in Presence of Para-aminobenzoic acid.

SummaryThe concentrations of sulfanilamide, sodium sulfathiazole and sodium sulfadiazine which were required to exert bacteriostatic effect on Escherichia coli in a synthetic medium, were determined. Concentrations of para-aminobenzoic acid which caused a significant anti-sulfonamide activity were determined. Concentrations of urea which had no effect on bacterial growth were also determined.Combinations of these concentrations of sulfonamides and urea, proved to possess bacteriostatic action even in the presence of the sulfonamide inhibitor.
Sensitivity and Specificity of US-guided diffuse optical tomography in conjunction with conventional US

The total and oxygenated-hemoglobin concentrations measured by Ultrasound-guided diffuse optical tomography can be used as an adjunct to Ultrasound to improve sensitivity to 96.5-100% and negative predictive value to 100% in breast cancer diagnosis.
Determination of twenty organophosphates pesticide multi-residues in vegetables and fruits by capillary gas chromatography

Objective:To set up a method for determination of 20 organophosphorus pesticide multi-residues in vegetables and fruits by capillary gas chromatography.Methods:The samples were stirred into homogenate,used acetonitrile to extract the residues,then directly concentrated and injected into gas chromatography with HP-5 Column and flame photometric detector(FPD) for qualification and quantification.Results:The pesticides in vegetables and fruits were separated from each other.The fortified recoveries gained of three spiked levels with 20 organophosphorus pesticide were found 75.6%～113% in cabbage,cucumber and yellow pear.The relative standard deviation(RSD) was 2.8%～17.4%.The minimum detection limit of the method was 0.005～0.087 mg/kg for HP-5 Column,and the retention time was 1.813～16.096 min.Conclusion:This method is simple,rapid,good accurate and of high precision and less cost.So it is suitable for the determination of pesticide multi-residues in vegetables and fruits.
Uncertain Data Top-k Query for Power Repair Spare Parts Supplier Selection

The spare parts suppliers are to be selected for the virtual inventory fo power repair.As a uncertain data Top-k query problem,the delivery time and punctuality are major accountable factors in the selection.Uncertainty data model and possible world model are established for the supplier selection based on their distribution property.Then the top-k query is processed on the possible world model,whereby the supplier queue is derived according to the shortest delivery time and the highest punctuality.
Abstract P4-14-09: Cardiac safety of trastuzumab without an anthracycline in patients with HER2-positive early stage breast cancer: A single center experience

Background: Trastuzumab (H) improves disease-free survival and overall survival in HER2+ early breast cancer (EBC) but is associated with risk of treatment-induced cardiotoxicity especially when administered after an anthracycline. We performed a single center retrospective study to assess the cardiac safety of adjuvant trastuzumab therapy without anthracyclines in a real-world clinical setting. Methods: Patients (pts) with HER2+ early breast cancer (EBC) who received H without anthracycline-based chemotherapy between January 2010 and June 2014 were studied. Patients enrolled in a clinical trial were excluded. Tumor characteristics, chemotherapy regimen, cardiovascular risk factors, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), and treatment interruption data were collected. A cardiac event (C.E.) was defined as New York Heart Association class III or IV heart failure with LVEF decline of > 10% to Results: In total, 174 pts with HER2+ EBC treated with H-based therapy without anthracyclines were identified. Median age was 59 years (range, 32 to 85 years), 72 (41%) had hypertension, 55 (32%) had hyperlipidemia, 29 (16%) had diabetes, and 5 (3%) had coronary artery disease. At baseline, all pts had a LVEF > 50% (median, 66%; range, 50% to 81%). Two (1.1%) pts developed a C.E. Both pts had risks factors for C.E. (1 - age > 60 years, hypertension, and prior history of anthracycline exposure; 1- age > 60 years, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and baseline LVEF of 50-55%). After discontinuation of H, both patients had recovery of LVEF to > 50% and resolution of heart failure symptoms. Twelve (6.9%) pts developed asymptomatic LVEF decline of > 10% points to Conclusion: In our single center experience of patients being treated off study, the incidence of C.E.s and asymptomatic LVEF decline during H therapy without an anthracycline was 1.1% and 6.9%, respectively. These appeared higher than events reported in clinical trials possibly due to the inclusion of an older group of women with a higher prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors. Overall, the incidence of symptomatic heart failure is low for H without an anthracycline even in this older group. Citation Format: Mukku RB, Verma S, Liu J, Steingart R, Hudis C, Yu AF, Dang C. Cardiac safety of trastuzumab without an anthracycline in patients with HER2-positive early stage breast cancer: A single center experience. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Eighth Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2015 Dec 8-12; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-14-09.
Etiology and management of pharyngitis and pharyngotonsillitis in children: a current review.

Although viruses are the most common causes of childhood throat infections, interest in the etiology of these infections has primarily focused on whether an individual episode is caused by group A β-hemolytic streptococcus (GABHS), particularly since the recent outbreaks of rheumatic fever in certain areas of the country. Penicillin remains the cornerstone of treatment in GABHS pharyngitis. Early treatment effects prompt clinical improvement and reduces the risk of transmission
Predictive modeling for hot water inactivation of planktonic and biofilm-associated Sphingomonas parapaucimobilis to support hot water sanitization programs

Hot water sanitization is a common means to maintain microbial control in process equipment for industries where microorganisms can degrade product or cause safety issues. This study compared the hot water inactivation kinetics of planktonic and biofilm-associated Sphingomonas parapaucimobilis at temperatures relevant to sanitization processes used in the pharmaceutical industry, viz. 65, 70, 75, and 80°C. Biofilms exhibited greater resistance to hot water than the planktonic cells. Both linear and nonlinear statistical models were developed to predict the log reduction as a function of temperature and time. Nonlinear Michaelis-Menten modeling provided the best fit for the inactivation data. Using the model, predictions were calculated to determine the times at which specific log reductions are achieved. While ≥80°C is the most commonly cited temperature for hot water sanitization, the predictive modeling suggests that temperatures ≥75°C are also effective at inactivating planktonic and biofilm bacteria in timeframes appropriate for the pharmaceutical industry.
Deformable force amplification frame promoting piezoelectric stack energy harvesting: Parametric model, experiments and energy analysis

This article presents a nonlinear parametric model of force amplification ratio and an electromechanical model to couple the deformable frame with the piezoelectric stack in order to promote high-e...
3′READS+, a sensitive and accurate method for 3′ end sequencing of polyadenylated RNA

Sequencing of the 3' end of poly(A)(+) RNA identifies cleavage and polyadenylation sites (pAs) and measures transcript expression. We previously developed a method, 3' region extraction and deep sequencing (3'READS), to address mispriming issues that often plague 3' end sequencing. Here we report a new version, named 3'READS+, which has vastly improved accuracy and sensitivity. Using a special locked nucleic acid oligo to capture poly(A)(+) RNA and to remove the bulk of the poly(A) tail, 3'READS+ generates RNA fragments with an optimal number of terminal A's that balance data quality and detection of genuine pAs. With improved RNA ligation steps for efficiency, the method shows much higher sensitivity (over two orders of magnitude) compared to the previous version. Using 3'READS+, we have uncovered a sizable fraction of previously overlooked pAs located next to or within a stretch of adenylate residues in human genes and more accurately assessed the frequency of alternative cleavage and polyadenylation (APA) in HeLa cells (∼50%). 3'READS+ will be a useful tool to accurately study APA and to analyze gene expression by 3' end counting, especially when the amount of input total RNA is limited.
Para uma discussão do lugar utópico: a pasárgada bandeiriana habitada por cabo-verdianos e portugueses

If one contrasts some aspects of Brazilian Modernism and the Capeverdean Claridade, a common thread that defines their identity as nation, and as a counterpart to an imposed identity based on their historic past as colonies of Portugal can be found. Indeed, Brazilian Modernist movement is seen as a model by its “brother-country”, Cape Verde, due to its aspects of regionalism, nationalism, and to a certain stand to its “xenophobic” aspect regarding mostly Portugal, the “father-land”. Eduardo Lourenco in his book, A Nau de Icaro seguido de Imagem e Miragem da Lusofonia (Lisboa: Gradiva,1999), states in a psychoanalytic critique that Brazil would culturally survive only after “killing” its father: “Para o discurso cultural brasileiro, Portugal existe pouco ou nada, mas, se existe, e apreendido como pai colonizador que o Brasil teve de matar para poder existir”(150). The same would apply to Cape Verde, with the difference that it was still a colony in the first half of the 20th century, and, therefore, the “killing” of the father would have to be done on a level other than psychological… The use of an imagery of the well-known poem by Manuel Bandeira, “Vou-me embora pra Pasargada”, would then allow Capeverdean poets such as Jorge Barbosa, Osvaldo Alcântara and Jose Osorio de Oliveira to proclaim their “freedom”, as did the Brazilian poet. The present study focuses on the cross-cultural and literary relationship between Brazilian Modernism, the Capeverdean literary movement Claridade, and also the Portuguese “answer” to all this, present in the literary journal Tavola Redonda.
The Bright Future for Electrode Materials of Energy Devices: Highly Conductive Porous Na-Embedded Carbon

High electrical conductivity and large accessible surface area, which are required for ideal electrode materials of energy conversion and storage devices, are opposed to each other in current materials. It is a long-term goal to solve this issue. Herein, we report highly conductive porous Na-embedded carbon (Na@C) nanowalls with large surface areas, which have been synthesized by an invented reaction of CO with liquid Na. Their electrical conductivities are 2 orders of magnitude larger than highly conductive 3D graphene. Furthermore, almost all their surface areas are accessible for electrolyte ions. These unique properties make them ideal electrode materials for energy devices, which significantly surpass expensive Pt. Consequently, the dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) with the Na@C counter electrode has reached a high power conversion efficiency of 11.03%. The Na@C also exhibited excellent performance for supercapacitors, leading to high capacitance of 145 F g–1 at current density of 1 A g–1.
Revisiting Power-law Distributions in Spectra of Real World Networks

By studying a large number of real world graphs, we find empirical evidence that most real world graphs have a statistically significant power-law distribution with a cutoff in the singular values of the adjacency matrix and eigenvalues of the Laplacian matrix in addition to the commonly conjectured power-law in the degrees. Among these results, power-laws in the singular values appear more consistently than in the degree distribution. The exponents of the power-law distributions are much larger than previously observed. We find a surprising direct relationship between the power-law in the degree distribution and the power-law in the eigenvalues of the Laplacian that was theorized in simple models but is extremely accurate in practice. We investigate these findings in large networks by studying the cutoff value itself, which shows a scaling law for the number of elements involved in these power-laws. Using the scaling law enables us to compute only a subset of eigenvalues of large networks, up to tens of millions of vertices and billions of edges, where we find that those too show evidence of statistically significant power-laws.
Large Deviations for Sparse Graphs

The results of the previous chapters were derived using tools from graph limit theory. This theory, however, is inadequate for understanding the behavior of sparse graphs. The goal of this chapter is to describe an alternative approach, called nonlinear large deviations, that allows us to prove similar results for sparse graphs. Nonlinear large deviation theory gives a way of getting quantitative error bounds in some of the large deviation theorems proved in earlier chapters. The quantitative error bounds make it possible to extend the results to the sparse regime. At the time of writing this monograph, this theory is not as well-developed as the theory for dense graphs, but developed enough to make some progress about sparse graphs.
Evidence for M1-Linked Polyubiquitin-Mediated Conformational Change in NEMO.

The NF-κB essential modulator (NEMO) is the scaffolding subunit of the inhibitor of κB kinase (IKK) holocomplex and is required for the activation of the catalytic IKK subunits, IKKα and IKKβ, during the canonical inflammatory response. Although structures of shorter constructs of NEMO have been solved, efforts to elucidate the full-length structure of NEMO have proved difficult due to its apparent high conformational plasticity. To better characterize the gross dimensions of full-length NEMO, we employed in-line size exclusion chromatography-small-angle X-ray scattering. We show that NEMO adopts a more compact conformation (Dmax=320A) than predicted for a fully extended coiled-coil structure (>500A). In addition, we map a region of NEMO (residues 112-150) in its coiled-coil 1 domain that impedes the binding of linear (M1-linked) di-ubiquitin to its coiled-coil 2-leucine zipper ubiquitin binding domain. This ubiquitin binding inhibition can be overcome by a longer chain of linear, but not K63-linked polyubiquitin. Collectively, these observations suggest that NEMO may be auto-inhibited in the resting state by intramolecular interactions and that during signaling, NEMO may be allosterically activated by binding to long M1-linked polyubiquitin chains.
Outpatient Surveillance Protocol of Isolated Calf Deep-Vein Thrombosis:

ObjectivesThis study aims to compare the management of isolated soleal, gastrocnemius, peroneal, and posterior tibial vein thrombosis among outpatients with serial duplex ultrasound (DUS) over 30 d...
Classification images for localization performance in ramp-spectrum noise.

Purpose This study investigates forced localization of targets in simulated images with statistical properties similar to trans-axial sections of x-ray computed tomography (CT) volumes. A total of 24 imaging conditions are considered, comprising two target sizes, three levels of background variability, and four levels of frequency apodization. The goal of the study is to better understand how human observers perform forced-localization tasks in images with CT-like statistical properties. Methods The transfer properties of CT systems are modeled by a shift-invariant transfer function in addition to apodization filters that modulate high spatial frequencies. The images contain noise that is the combination of a ramp-spectrum component, simulating the effect of acquisition noise in CT, and a power-law component, simulating the effect of normal anatomy in the background, which are modulated by the apodization filter as well. Observer performance is characterized using two psychophysical techniques: efficiency analysis and classification image analysis. Observer efficiency quantifies how much diagnostic information is being used by observers to perform a task, and classification images show how that information is being accessed in the form of a perceptual filter. Results Psychophysical studies from five subjects form the basis of the results. Observer efficiency ranges from 29% to 77% across the different conditions. The lowest efficiency is observed in conditions with uniform backgrounds, where significant effects of apodization are found. The classification images, estimated using smoothing windows, suggest that human observers use center-surround filters to perform the task, and these are subjected to a number of subsequent analyses. When implemented as a scanning linear filter, the classification images appear to capture most of the observer variability in efficiency (r2 = 0.86). The frequency spectra of the classification images show that frequency weights generally appear bandpass in nature, with peak frequency and bandwidth that vary with statistical properties of the images. Conclusions In these experiments, the classification images appear to capture important features of human-observer performance. Frequency apodization only appears to have a significant effect on performance in the absence of anatomical variability, where the observers appear to underweight low spatial frequencies that have relatively little noise. Frequency weights derived from the classification images generally have a bandpass structure, with adaptation to different conditions seen in the peak frequency and bandwidth. The classification image spectra show relatively modest changes in response to different levels of apodization, with some evidence that observers are attempting to rebalance the apodized spectrum presented to them.
Assessing the Impact of Venture Capital to Innovation

We examine the influence of venture capital on patented inventions in the United States across twenty industries over three decades. We address concerns about causality in several ways, including exploiting a 1979 policy shift that spurred venture capital fundraising. We find that increases in venture capital activity in an industry are associated with significantly higher patenting rates. While the ratio of venture capital to R&D averaged less than 3% from 1983-1992, our estimates suggest that venture capital may have accounted for 8% of industrial innovations in that period.
Cytogenetic studies of the somatic and germ-line cells in sand rats (Psammomys obesus)

The chromosomes in both somatic and germ-line cells of the sand rat (Psammomys obesus) were studied. The diploid number of chromosomes was 48. The autosomes consisted of 4 pairs of large metacentric chromosomes, 10 pairs of medium to small metacentric and submetacentric chromosomes and 9 pairs of telocentric chromosomes. The X chromosomes in both sexes were the largest of the entire complement. The Y chromosome was a mediumsized metacentric chromosome. The two X chromosomes in the female cells were similar in size and morphology but differed in the DNA replication pattern. Studies of the meiotic chromosomes in the male germ-line cells revealed 23 autosome bivalents and the sex chromosomes either as an XY bivalent or X and Y univalents.