cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Low temperature, low profile, ultra-fine pitch copper-to-copper chip-last embedded-active interconnection technology

In a continuous drive to achieve low form-factor packages, chip-to-package interconnections have evolved from the conventional solders to a more hybrid technology consisting of copper and solder. However, scaling down the bump pitch to increase the interconnect density poses serious reliability and yield issues. In the previous, a low-profile interconnect architecture, ~20µm total height, was demonstrated comprising of copper-to-copper interconnection and novel adhesive materials. This paper focuses on: (1) design and fabrication of test vehicles to assess the robustness of the interconnect architecture, (2) assembly process development for copper-to-copper interconnections, and (3) reliability and failure analysis of the interconnection. Excellent reliability results are demonstrated under thermal cycling test (TCT) using non-conductive films (NCF) as adhesive. This interconnect scheme is also shown to perform well with different die sizes, die thicknesses and with embedded dies thus offering a great potential for integration with flip chip packages as well as with chip-last embedded active chips in organic substrates. A simple and reliable low-cost and low-temperature direct Cu-Cu bonding is thus demonstrated for the first time.
Practice Makes Imperfect: Restorative Effects of Sleep on Motor Learning

Emerging evidence suggests that sleep plays a key role in procedural learning, particularly in the continued development of motor skill learning following initial acquisition. We argue that a detailed examination of the time course of performance across sleep on the finger-tapping task, established as the paradigm for studying the effect of sleep on motor learning, will help distinguish a restorative role of sleep in motor skill learning from a proactive one. Healthy subjects rehearsed for 12 trials and, following a night of sleep, were tested. Early training rapidly improved speed as well as accuracy on pre-sleep training. Additional rehearsal caused a marked slow-down in further improvement or partial reversal in performance to observed levels below theoretical upper limits derived on the basis of early pre-sleep rehearsal. This decrement in learning efficacy does not occur always, but if and only if it does, overnight sleep has an effect in fully or partly restoring the efficacy and actual performance to the optimal theoretically achieveable level. Our findings re-interpret the sleep-dependent memory enhancement in motor learning reported in the literature as a restoration of fatigued circuitry specialized for the skill. In providing restitution to the fatigued brain, sleep eliminates the rehearsal-induced synaptic fatigue of the circuitry specialized for the task and restores the benefit of early pre-sleep rehearsal. The present findings lend support to the notion that latent sleep-dependent enhancement of performance is a behavioral expression of the brain's restitution in sleep.
Engineering split intein DnaE from Nostoc punctiforme for rapid protein purification

We report the engineering of a DnaE intein able to catalyze rapid C-terminal cleavage in the absence of N-terminal cleavage. A single mutation in DnaE intein from Nostoc punctiforme PCC73102 (NpuDnaE), Asp118Gly, was introduced based on sequence alignment with a previously engineered C-terminal cleaving intein mini-MtuRecA. This mutation was able to both suppress N-terminal cleavage and significantly elevate C-terminal cleavage efficiency. Molecular modeling suggests that in NpuDnaE Asp118 forms a hydrogen bond with the penultimate Asn, preventing its spontaneous cyclization prior to N-terminal cleavage. Mutation of Asp118 to Gly essentially abolishes this restriction leading to subsequent C-terminal cleavage in the absence of N-terminal cleavage. The Gly118 NpuDnaE mutant exhibits rapid thio-dependent C-terminal cleavage kinetics with 80% completion within 3 h at room temperature. We used this newly engineered intein to develop both column-free and chromatography-based protein purification methods utilizing the elastin-like-polypeptide and chitin-binding protein as removable purification tags, respectively. We demonstrate rapid target protein purification to electrophoretic purity at yields up to 84 mg per liter of Escherichia coli culture.
Novel on-chip variable delay transmission line with fixed characteristic impedance

On-chip electronically controllable delay elements are often used in RF designs such as phased array antenna systems. This paper presents a novel on-chip variable delay transmission line structure with fixed characteristic impedance. EM simulations show a delay change of 15.6 % is possible while the characteristic impedance of the novel transmission line varies a maximum of 3.7% from the 50 Ω target between two possible delay states.
Anaesthesia, minimally invasive surgery and pregnancy

Minimally invasive surgery is being performed more frequently in pregnant patients. Numerous published reports have documented the safety and advantages of laparoscopic cholecystectomy and laparoscopic appendectomy during pregnancy. Pregnancy is associated with a variety of changes in the respiratory and cardiovascular systems, which make the parturient undergoing laparoscopic surgery particularly susceptible to hypoxia, hypercarbia and hypotension. This chapter provides a review of those physiological changes of pregnancy of particular concern for anaesthesiologists, and of the physiological responses to intra-abdominal carbon dioxide insufflation, not only in healthy patients, but also in the altered physiological state associated with pregnancy. We also describe our approach to anaesthetic management for minimally invasive surgery during pregnancy. With appropriate precautions, including vigilant monitoring and anticipation and treatment of the potential adverse effects of carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum, anaesthesiologists may provide safe care for these patients, and pregnant women can benefit from the advantages of minimally invasive surgery.
MIXING STANDARD WORK AND NONSTANDARD DEALS: THE CONSEQUENCES OF HETEROGENEITY IN EMPLOYMENT ARRANGEMENTS

We examined how proportions of individuals in standard and nonstandard work arrangements affected work group members’ relationships with supervisors, social relations with coworkers, willingness to assist others, and intentions to leave their organization. Supporting Blalock’s theory of majority-minority group relations, higher proportions of nonstandard workers were associated with less favorable attitudes toward supervisors and peers, increased turnover intentions, and decreased workrelated helping behaviors. The consequences of heterogeneity in employment arrangements were contingent on (1) workers’ locations in their firm’s mobility system, (2) type of nonstandard arrangements, and (3) the amount and type of contact between standard and nonstandard workers.
Exploring the Relationships between Organizational Virtuousness and Performance

The importance of virtuousness in organizations has recently been acknowledged in the organizational sciences, but research remains scarce. This article defines virtuousness and connects it to scholarly literature in organizational science. An empirical study is described in which the relationships between virtuousness and performance in 18 organizations are empirically examined. Significant relationships between virtuousness and both perceived and objective measures of organizational performance were found. The findings are explained in terms of the two major functions played by virtuousness in organizations: an amplifying function that creates self-reinforcing positive spirals, and a buffering function that strengthens and protects organizations from traumas such as downsizing.
How synthetic is vendobionta morphology? A geometric morphometric study of pteridinium from the latest neoproterozoic

INTRODUCTION Ediacaran fossils allow us the opportunity to investigate how the earliest preserved metazoans lived, interacted, and diversified. Such interpretations are complex as these organisms are often morphologically enigmatic and defy ready categorization within modern taxonomic schemes. Therefore, researchers have an incomplete view of their biological affinities. Pteridinium (Family Petalonamae) has been the focus of taxonomic studies due to its unique quilted, triple-bladed morphology (Grazhdankin and Seilacher, 2002). While currently there are only two formally recognized species within the genus, P. simplex and P. carolinaensis (St. Jean, 1973; Gurich, 1930), there is still debate as to what characteristics differentiate Pteridinium. Some authors speculate that Pteridinium, as classically defined, only exists in Namibia, whereas others contend that all triple-bladed forms, regardless of location, are morphologically identical and simply represent specimens deformed during preservation or ecophenotypy reflecting variable environmental factors (McCall, 2006). In this study, material will be examined from two localities, Namibia and North Carolina, as the fossils are thought to represent two distinct species and, hence, display pronounced
First occurrence of fossil decapod crustaceans (Callianassidae) from the McMurdo Sound region, Antarctica

Nearly complete right and left major chelipeds and fragments of a minor cheliped, collected from a glacial boulder near Mt. Discovery form the basis for description of a new species of anomuran decapod, Callianassa symmetrica. An Eocene age, based on associated palynomorphs, is probable. Although the specimen was not collected from rocks in place, it is quite significant in that it represents the first record of fossil decapods from eastern Antarctica.--Modified journal abstract.
Two Cases of Rhinocerebral Mucormycosis

Mucormycosis is a rare opportunistic fungal infection. The most common infection site is the paranasal sinuses, although it can also occur in the lungs and skin. The fungus adheres to tissue membranes and forms thrombi, causing ischemia and hemorrhagic necrosis. Rhinocerebralmucormycosiscan occurin the nose, but mightrapidly spread to the orbit and intracranium. Therefore, prompt and aggressive treatment is required. However, because of its low incidence, few reported cases have focused on accompanying disease, proper treatment period, and disease progression. Herein, we report two cases of rhinocerebralmucormycosiswith a brief literature review.
Transoral Robotic Surgery for Obstructive Sleep Apnea A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

ObjectiveTo perform a systematic review of the international biomedical literature evaluating the effectiveness, complications, and safety of transoral robotic surgery (TORS) for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).Data SourcesPubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, and EMB Reviews databases were searched up to November 27, 2015.Review MethodsTwo authors systematically and independently searched for articles on TORS for the treatment of OSA in adults that reported either outcomes for the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), lowest oxygen saturation percentage (LSAT) or changes in the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), and/or rates and types of complications associated with the operation.ResultsIn total, 181 records were identified and 16 articles met inclusion criteria. Transoral robotic surgery was almost always combined with other sleep surgery procedures. The summary estimate of the decrease in AHI using TORS as part of a multilevel surgical approach was 24.0 (95% confidence interval [CI], 22.1-25.8; P < .001, I2 = 99%...
Multi-robot exploration with communication restrictions

After a disaster, instability in the environment may delay search and rescue efforts until it is safe enough for human rescuers to enter the environment. Such delays can be significant, but it is still possible to gather information about the environment in the interim, by sending in a team of robots to scout the area and locate points of interest. We present several algorithms to accomplish this exploration, and provide both theoretical proofs and simulation results that show the algorithms will achieve full exploration of an unknown environment even under communication restrictions.
A mother–baby psychiatric day hospital: History, rationale, and why perinatal mental health is important for obstetric medicine

BackgroundWomen frequently experience depression, anxiety, or other mental health concerns during pregnancy and postpartum, impacting her and her infant’s health. Patients who require management of...
Slicing Into Human Translational Cardiovascular Biology

The heart failure literature is filled with a growing body of research that has identified an array of signaling pathways, transcription factors, noncoding ribonucleic acids (micro- and long noncoding ribonucleic acids), and genetic variants that are associated with either the presence and/or
Formation of dielectric films by ultraviolet photolysis of several organic monomers

The ultraviolet photopolymerization of several simple unsaturated organic compounds has been studied with respect to the formation of a dielectric film on metallic film surfaces. The monomers gave films which were used as the dielectric medium in a number of test capacitors. Photopolymerization was carried out at a monomer partial pressure of a few rum Hg, the light source being a medium-pressure Hg arc. The test capacitors were made on a glass substrate by evaporating a Pb film, photopolymerizing the monomer to produce a dielectric film on the metal surface, and then evaporating a second Pb film.
Sensing of nutrients and microbes in the gut.

Purpose of review Sensing of nutrients and microbes in the gut are fundamental processes necessary for life. This review aims to provide an overview of the basic background and new data on cellular nutrient, energy, and microbe sensors. Recent findings The nutrient sensors 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase, activating transcription factor 4 and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) are critical in control of the cell cycle. Recent data demonstrate their role in metabolic syndrome, in cell growth, and as therapeutic targets. Regulation of mTOR by the amino acids is the subject of intense investigation. Recent studies have further elucidated the exact mechanism of amino acid-dependent mTOR regulation. Pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs) are receptors that recognize conserved microbial molecules. New data demonstrate how lymphocyte-specific PRRs are necessary to maintain homeostasis. Moreover, new studies explore the role of PRRs in controlling the gut bacterial and fungal microbiome. Summary Nutrient sensing molecules are central to cell growth and metabolism and are implicated in cancer and the metabolic syndrome. Regulation of nutrient sensors is complex, and may be amenable to therapeutic targeting. Microbial sensors play critical roles in homeostasis and maintenance of the gut fungal and bacterial microbiome.
Guiding translational medicine with immunotargeted probes for PET imaging of the cancer biomarker TEM1/Endosialin

Ann-Marie Chacko completed her Ph.D. at the University of Pennsylvania in Pharmacology with a focus in Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry. She continued her postdoctoral training at Penn and is currently a Research Associate in Penn Radiology, leading translational efforts in bringing macromolecular radiopharmaceuticals (i.e., proteins and nanoparticles) as diagnostics and therapeutics to the clinic. She is a recipient of a KL2 Career Development Award from the Penn Clinical and Translational Research Award (CTSA), and is currently pursuing her master’s in Translational Research (MTR). Guiding translational medicine with immunotargeted probes for PET imaging of the cancer biomarker TEM1/Endosialin
Novel waveguide and materials structure for wideband electroabsorption modulator

Traveling-wave electroabsorption modulator using intra-step-barrier quantum well and peripheral coupled waveguide are designed and tested for analog fiber link applications. The resulting device has demonstrated high optical power handling and low V/sub /spl pi// properties.
RFID tag tests: Comparison between GTEM cell and anechoic chamber results

This article presents a comparison between UHF RFID Tag performance tests realized in two different RF environments. It will describe the methodology used in both tests, technical comparison between tests realized on TEM cell (Transversal Electromagnetic cell) and UHF Anechoic chamber and presents the tests results in order to compare these environments test for RFID Tag performance.
Increasing faculty participation in resident education and providing cost-effective self-assessment module credit to faculty through resident-generated didactics.

Abstract Purpose/Objective(s) Board certified radiation oncologists and medical physicists are required to earn self-assessment module (SAM) continuing medical education (CME) credit, which may require travel costs or usage fees. Data indicate that faculty participation in resident teaching activities is beneficial to resident education. Our hypothesis was that providing the opportunity to earn SAM credit in resident didactics would increase faculty participation in and improve resident education. Methods and materials SAM applications, comprising CME certified category 1 resident didactic lectures and faculty-generated questions with respective answers, rationales, and references, were submitted to the American Board of Radiology for formal review. Surveys were distributed to assess main academic campus physician, affiliate campus physician, physicist, and radiation oncology resident impressions regarding the quality of the lectures. Survey responses were designed in Likert-scale format. Sign-test was performed with P Results First submission SAM approval was obtained for 9 of 9 lectures to date. A total of 52 SAM credits have been awarded to 4 physicists and 7 attending physicians. Main academic campus physician and affiliate campus physician attendance increased from 20% and 0%, respectively, over the 12 months preceding CME/SAM lectures, to 55.6% and 20%, respectively. Survey results indicated that the change to SAM lectures increased the quality of resident lectures ( P = .001), attending physician participation in resident education ( P P = .0006), and faculty motivation to attend resident didactics ( P = .004). Residents reported an increased amount of time required to prepare lectures ( P = .008). Conclusions We are the first department, to our knowledge, to offer SAM credit to clinical faculty for participation in resident-generated didactics. Offering SAM credit at resident lectures is a cost-effective alternative to purchasing SAM resources, increases faculty attendance, and may improve the quality of radiation oncology resident education.
New JAG1 mutation causing Alagille Syndrome presenting with severe hypercholesterolemia: Case report with emphasis on genetics and lipid abnormalities

Context:Alagille syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant genetic disorder caused by defects in the Notch signaling pathway that involves multiple organ systems. Bile duct paucity is the main characteristic feature of the disease, which often leads to cholestatic hypercholesterolemia.Case description:We report the case of a male infant who at one year of age had developed failure to thrive, jaundice, intermittent pruritus and multiple diffuse symmetrical skin xanthomas. He was diagnosed with pulmonary stenosis, butterfly vertebrae of T4, T6 and T8, horseshoe kidney and embryotoxon in the left eye. Laboratory workup revealed severe hypercholesterolemia. Alagille syndrome was suspected and confirmed by genetic testing which identified a previously undescribed frameshift pathogenic heterozygous variant in the JAG1 gene, p.Arg486Lysfs*5.Conclusions:Here we report a unique case of a patient diagnosed with Alagille syndrome, found to have a previously undescribed frameshift pathogenic mutation in the JAG1 gene, pr...
Detailed Analysis of Criteria and Particle Emissions from a Very Large Crude Carrier Using a Novel ECA Fuel

Ocean going vessels (OGVs) operating within emission control areas (ECA) are required to use fuels with ≤0.1 wt % sulfur. Up to now only distillate fuels could meet the sulfur limits. Recently refiners created a novel low-sulfur heavy-fuel oil (LSHFO) meeting the sulfur limits so questions were posed whether nitric oxide (NOx) and particulate matter (PM) emissions were the same for the two fuels. This project characterized criteria pollutants and undertook a detailed analysis of PM emissions from a very large crude oil carrier (VLCC) using a distillate ECA fuel (MGO) and novel LSHFO. Results showed emission factors of NOx were ∼5% higher with MGO than LSHFO. PM2.5 emission factors were ∼3 times higher with LSHFO than MGO, while both were below values reported by Lloyds, U.S. EPA and CARB. A detailed analysis of PM revealed it was >90% organic carbon (OC) for both fuels. Elemental carbon (EC) and soot measured with an AVL microsoot sensor (MSS) reflected black carbon. PM size distributions showed unimodal ...
Clinical Outcomes Following the Use of Constrained Condylar Knees in Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty.

Abstract Background Certain clinical or adverse intraoperative situations require the use of increased constraint in primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA). These include significant angular deformities causing incompetent collateral ligaments, or inadvertent intraoperative injury to collateral structures as well as the inability to achieve a balanced flexion and extension gap. Clinical success has been described with the use of constrained condylar knee arthroplasty in the primary setting in these situations. Traditionally, increasing constraint has been in conjunction with intramedullary stems, referred to as stemmed constrained condylar knees (SCCK); however, some devices provide an intermediary option by increasing constraint without the use of stems, herein referred to as nonstemmed constrained condylar knees (NSCCK). The aim of this study was to compare the clinical outcomes of both these devices in primary TKA in terms of revision rates and change in outcome measures over the follow-up period. Methods Between 2007 and 2012, 85 SCCKs and 354 NSCCKs were identified in our institutional registry database performed in the primary TKA setting with minimum 2-year clinical outcome measure follow-up. Baseline demographic information, as well as Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) and Lower Extremity Activity Scale (LEAS) were collected preoperatively at 2-year follow-up. Revision data were also collected. Results Both groups showed substantial improvement in WOMAC scores (pain, stiffness, and function), and LEAS at 2 years postoperatively compared with baseline, although the changes in scores were not statistically significant. One of 85 SCCKs (1.17%) was revised for infection, whereas 9 of 354 NSCCKs (2.54%) were revised (6 for mechanical complications, eg, loosening, 2 for periprosthetic fracture, and 1 for infection). Conclusion Both cohorts demonstrated improvement in clinical outcome measures at 2-year follow-up. None of the SCCKs performed in the primary setting were revised for a mechanical complication. Although both groups had overall low revision rates, there was trend toward a higher revision rate with NSCCKs. Many of these were revised for component loosening. In summary, when necessary, constrained options in the primary TKA setting provide excellent clinical outcome at short-term follow-up. However, constrained constructs with stemmed fixation may provide more rigid fixation and be less susceptible to mechanical failure.
Pathogenesis of Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage in Murine Lupus

Objective Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH) in lupus patients confers >50% mortality, and the cause is unknown. We undertook this study to examine the pathogenesis of DAH in C57BL/6 mice with pristane-induced lupus, a model of human lupus-associated DAH. Methods Clinical/pathologic and immunologic manifestations of DAH in pristane-induced lupus were compared with those of DAH in humans. Tissue distribution of pristane was examined by mass spectrometry. Cell types responsible for disease were determined by in vivo depletion using clodronate liposomes and antineutrophil monoclonal antibodies (anti–Ly-6G). The effect of complement depletion with cobra venom factor (CVF) was examined. Results After intraperitoneal injection, pristane migrated to the lung, causing cell death, small vessel vasculitis, and alveolar hemorrhage similar to that seen in DAH in humans. B cell–deficient mice were resistant to induction of DAH, but susceptibility was restored by infusing IgM. C3−/− and CD18−/− mice were also resistant, and DAH was prevented in wild-type mice by CVF. Induction of DAH was independent of Toll-like receptors, inflammasomes, and inducible nitric oxide. Mortality was increased in interleukin-10 (IL-10)–deficient mice, and pristane treatment decreased IL-10 receptor expression in monocytes and STAT-3 phosphorylation in lung macrophages. In vivo neutrophil depletion was not protective, while treatment with clodronate liposomes prevented DAH, which suggests that macrophage activation is central to DAH pathogenesis. Conclusion The pathogenesis of DAH involves opsonization of dead cells by natural IgM and complement followed by complement receptor–mediated lung inflammation. The disease is macrophage dependent, and IL-10 is protective. Complement inhibition and/or macrophage-targeted therapies may reduce mortality in lupus-associated DAH.
Classification of Uricosuric States Based upon Response to Pharmacologic Inhibitors of Urate Transport

Uricosuria occurring in several clinical states appears to be associated with characteristic patterns of response to uricosuric and urate retaining drugs.
Synthesis of a 3-Amino-2,3-dihydropyrid-4-one and Related Heterocyclic Analogues as Mechanism-Based Inhibitors of BioA, a Pyridoxal Phosphate-Dependent Enzyme

Amiclenomycin (ACM) is a chemically unstable antibiotic with selective activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) due to mechanism-based inhibition of BioA, a pyridoxal 5′-phosphate (PLP)-dependent aminotransferase. The first-generation ACM analogue dihydro-2-pyridone 1 maintains a similar bioactivation mechanism concluding with covalent labeling of the PLP cofactor. To improve on 1, we report the synthesis of dihydro-4-pyranone 2, dihydro-4-pyridone 3, and dihydro-4-thiopyranone 13, which were rationally designed to boost the rate of enzyme inactivation by lowering the pKa of their α-protons. We employed a unified synthetic strategy for construction of the desired heterocycles featuring α-amino ynone generation followed by 6-endo-dig cyclization. However, competitive 5-exo-dig cyclization, β-elimination of the ynone, and dimerization of the resultant α-amino carbonyls all complicated the syntheses of the dihydro-4-pyranone and dihydro-4-pyridone scaffolds. These obstacles were overcome by Teoc pro...
Implant Removal and Spacer Placement for Infected Shoulder Arthroplasty: Risk Factors for Repeat Procedures, Spacer Retention, and Mortality:

BackgroundCurrent studies reporting on patients following prosthesis removal and spacer placement for periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) of the shoulder have largely been descriptive and insuffic...
Abstract 68: Functional interactions of HPV and PARP-1 in head and neck cancer

Though the overall incidence of head and neck cancer has been declining over the last several decades, there has been a concomitant and worrisome rise in human-papilloma virus (HPV)-associated head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). HPV infection is a necessary but not sufficient condition for cancer development. Unlike in cervical cancer, where several co-factors including smoking and co-infection with other agents are well established, how HPV drives malignant transformation in head and neck cancer and which cellular factors are required are not well characterized. Recent evidence from our group has shown that poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) is overexpressed and overactive in HPV-positive (HPV(+)), but not HPV-negative (HPV(-)), oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC). The significance of PARP-1 overexpression and hyperactivation in cancer is only beginning to emerge. High levels of PARP-1 are found in a fraction of hepatocellular and breast cancers and correlate with poor prognosis. Recently, PARP-1 was implicated in prostate cancer progression. This study explores the role of PARP-1 in HPV infection and HNSCC carcinogenesis. Biochemical methods were used to determine PARP activity in vitro, in head and neck tumors, and during infection with HPV16 pseudovirus (PsV) or overexpression of HPV16 proteins in epithelial cells. The response to PARP inhibition was evaluated with clonogenic survival assays. HPV L1 mRNA in HNSCC was detected using quantitative real-time PCR and HPV L1 protein levels were determined by immunohistochemistry. Here, we show that the HPV16 major capsid protein L1 directly binds PARP-1 and activates poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation in the absence of DNA damage in vitro and in HPV(-) cells. Using PARP-1 knockout cells, we found that PARP-1 expression and enzymatic activity supports initial HPV infection. Furthermore, HPV(-) cells were sensitized to PARP inhibition both after L1 overexpression and after infection with HPV16 PsV particles. In conclusion, we report functional interactions between the viral capsid and cellular protein, signifying a vital role played by PARP-1 in HPV infection and carcinogenesis. Importantly, our data provide a mechanistic explanation for pharmacological PARP inhibition as an intriguing therapeutic opportunity for HPV(+) head and neck cancers. Citation Format: Cyril S. Gary, Michael Hajek, Asel Biktasova, Andrew Sewell, Yarbrough G. Wendell, Natalia Issaeva. Functional interactions of HPV and PARP-1 in head and neck cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-AHNS Head and Neck Cancer Conference: Optimizing Survival and Quality of Life through Basic, Clinical, and Translational Research; April 23-25, 2017; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2017;23(23_Suppl):Abstract nr 68.
Combined nuclear safety-security risk analysis methodology development and demonstration through a case study

Abstract Destruction of critical nuclear infrastructure would have a debilitating effect on national public health, safety, national economy and security. For this reason, analysts perform safety risk analyses on the performance of the nuclear system to quantify and understand the nature of unwanted events. Since the world has gone through many changes after the terrorist attacks of 9/11, nuclear security risk analysis also became a necessity. To date, the safety and security risk analyses have been done separately without a combined evaluation. Study results are presented for three types of risk analyses for a pure security initiating event, pure safety initiating event, and a combined analysis of safety-security risk for either a security or safety initiating event. The pure security risk analysis uses adversary sequence diagram and pathway analysis to calculate the initiating security event frequency of a successful adversary attack. The pure safety analysis represented a series of natural (random) safety system component failure events for which a safety system failure frequency was calculated using SAPHIRE probabilistic risk analysis code. On the other hand, the combined safety-security analysis considered a security initiating event followed by safety system failure or vice versa. The main outcome of the comparative study of three different types of risk analyses is that pure safety risk evaluation without considering the possibility of a simultaneous security attack would underestimate the risk value. Failure frequency due to a security event should be combined with the safety system failure analysis for a meaningful risk analysis and the Estimate of Adversary Sequence Interruption (EASI) model can be employed for this purpose. The usefulness of a combined safety-security risk analysis is demonstrated through a case study for the spent fuel storage pool facility.
Exercise Prescription for Hypertension: New Advances for Optimizing Blood Pressure Benefits

Abstract Hypertension is one of the most important cardiovascular disease risk factors due to its high prevalence and significant medical costs. The Eighth Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure and the American College of Sports Medicine recommend lifestyle modifications such as habitual physical activity as initial therapy to prevent, treat, and control hypertension. The purposes of this chapter are to (1) overview the current consensus on the effects of acute (immediate, short-term, or postexercise hypotension) and chronic (long-term or training) exercise on blood pressure among individuals with prehypertension or established hypertension; (2) discuss new and emerging research on the effects of acute and chronic exercise on blood pressure that has the potential to alter the way in which aerobic exercise is prescribed to prevent, treat, and control hypertension in the future; and (3) present exercise prescription recommendations and special considerations for individuals with hypertension that consider this new and emerging research.
Radiosynthesis of microtubule-targeted theranostic methyl N-[5-(3'-radiohalobenzoyl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]carbamates.

Microtubules are a target for a broad spectrum of drugs used as chemotherapeutics to treat hematological malignancies and solid tumors. Most of these drugs have significant dose-limiting toxicities including peripheral neuropathies that can be debilitating and permanent. In an ongoing effort to develop safer and more effective drugs, benzimidazole-based compounds are being developed as replacement for vincristine and similar agents. In this report, we describe radiosyntheses of novel microtubule-targeting methyl N-[5-(3'-radiohalobenzoyl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]carbamates 4 that are intended as potential imaging agents and molecular radiotherapeutics. 125 I- and 131 I-radiolabeled derivatives were prepared either by direct radioiodination of methyl N-(6-benzoyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)carbamate 1 or radioiododestannylation of the corresponding stannane precursor 3. The direct radioiodination was conducted in a solution of 1 in triflic acid and produced after ~1 hour at elevated temperatures and HPLC purification on average 62% of the no-carrier added products 125 I-4 and 131 I-4. Radioiododestannylation of 3'-trimethylstannane 3 proceeded with ease at room temperature in the presence of H2 O2 as the oxidant and produced no-carrier-added 125 I-4 and 131 I-4 in high isolated yields, on average 85%. The radiohalodestannylation protocol is universal and can be applied to other radiohalides including 124 I to produce 124 I-4, a positron emission tomography agent, and 211 At to produce 211 At-4, an α-particle emitting radiotherapeutic.
Electrospun Polymer Fibers Containing a Liquid Crystal Core: Insights into Semiflexible Confinement

Encapsulation of the nematic liquid crystal N-(4-methoxybenzylidene)-4-butylaniline (MBBA) into the core of poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) microfibers has been accomplished via coaxial electrospinning for the first time. Data from optical microscopy, two-dimensional Raman mapping, differential scanning calorimetry, and dielectric spectroscopy have been employed to gain detailed insights into the confinement effects on MBBA in a semiflexible polymer sheath. The electrospun fiber diameters could be tuned easily by modifying the flow rate of MBBA, and both the MBBA core and PVP sheath diameters were determined via Raman line cuts. The PVP sheath induced alignment of MBBA, where its long axis is parallel to the fiber axis. Further, the alignment of MBBA led to iridescence in the fibers, which was found to be temperature-sensitive and reversible. Surprisingly, at temperatures below 0 °C, the phase-transition temperatures of confined MBBA are different than the neat and one of its smectic phases is inhibited by t...
Tribal diplomacy and frontier territoriality in modern China: Hunza and Nationalist China, 1947–1948

In the immediate post-World War II period, the Chinese Nationalist regime was eager to consolidate its position and formulate a proactive policy toward China's traditional Central Asian peripheries. Postwar Nationalist China's momentary confidence in extending central influence into the Pamir and Kashmir regions can be understood in such a geopolitical context. The withdrawal of British colonial rule in India further increased Nanjing's optimism about bringing Hunza, a Muslim tribal state in northwest Kashmir, under its territorial and administrative sway. To prevent possible infiltration of Soviet influence in Central Asia, the Nationalists at one point even considered resorting to the restoration of imperial “tributary ties” as a political expedient in their dealings with postwar China's frontier territorial issues. A careful examination of the Nationalists' previously unknown abortive attempt to reclaim Hunza enables us to fill an important scholarly lacuna in the history of modern China's external rel...
Using “Spatial Resilience Planning” to Test Climate-Adaptive Conservation Strategies

How can we plan more effective conservation networks in the face of climate change, urbanization pressure and financial and policy uncertainty? We have developed and present here a strategy which we call “spatial resilience planning” or SRP. The method is an extension of “alternative futures” scenario planning (Steinitz et al. 2003) and builds from the same social and technological infrastructure. It relies on stakeholder-based participatory simulation to generate a set of scenarios which encapsulate the major uncertainties and choices faced within a geographically-bounded area. It also uses formal spatial impact models to assess the consequences of scenarios to species, habitats and to people. The difference between SRP and conventional scenario planning is in the way the scenarios are organized and tested. SRP draws a clear separation between “planning actions” (which are within the domain of influence of participating stakeholders) and all other “drivers of change.” It asks the question: which are the planning actions under stakeholder influence that might best accomplish stated goals in the face of significant and uncertain exogenous forces? This can be considered a form of “policy sensitivity testing.” This chapter presents a first example of this approach, in the context of Florida conservation planning under climate change.
Der Ursprung der Neuen Philosophie

Irrtumer lassen sich nur psychologisch erklaren; aber die Wahrheit verlangt nach logischer Analyse. Die Geschichte der spekulativen Philosophie ist die Geschichte der Irrtumer der Philosophen, die nicht in der Lage waren, die Fragen, die sie stellten, zu beantworten; und die Antworten, die sie trotzdem gaben, konnen nur aus psychologischen Motiven heraus erklart werden. Die Geschichte der wissenschaftlichen Philosophie dagegen ist die Geschichte von Problemen; und Probleme werden nicht mit Hilfe von spekulativen Verallgemeinerungen oder poetischen Beschreibungen der Beziehungen zwischen Mensch und Welt, sondern durch technische Arbeit gelost. Solche Arbeit wird in den Wissenschaften geleistet, und darum mus die Entwicklung der Probleme innerhalb der Geschichte der einzelnen Wissenschaften verfolgt werden. Die philosophischen Systeme haben bestenfalls den Stand der wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnis ihrer Zeit widergespiegelt; aber sie haben nichts zur Entwicklung der Wissenschaft beigetragen. Die logische Entwicklung von Problemen ist die Aufgabe des Wissenschaftlers; und obgleich seine technische Analyse oft auf Einzelheiten gerichtet ist und selten in philosophischer Absicht durchgefuhrt wird, hat sie doch haufig das Verstandnis fur Probleme gefordert, bis das technische Wissen weit genug fortgeschritten war, um eine Antwort auf philosophische Fragen zu ermoglichen.
Understanding the Power of Third Party Payer Businesses and Online Gateways

This chapter introduces our final two patterns, which represent powerful, even potentially dangerous, online business models. Individually, each can be very profitable. Together, they can result in almost unlimited harvesting of profits from the rest of the online ecosystem. The first pattern is Mandatory Participation Third Party Payer Systems (MP3PPs). Third Party Payer Systems are platforms where Party-1 (the customer) uses Party-2 (the platform) to interact with Party-3 (the merchant or service provider who needs to interact with the customer). The platform is free for Party-1 because Party-3 values it enough to subsidize it, or even to pay enough to make it available without charge to Party-1. A Mandatory Participation Third Party Payer System is one where the platform has become so essential to Party-3 that Party-3 must participate, almost without concern for the cost of participation. Online gateway systems are platforms that are used to link buyers and sellers. Sometimes there are effective competitors for a gateway, as when multiple markets can be used to trade securities, or when the eCommerce sites of multiple big box stores sell the same appliances. Sometimes a single online gateway becomes essential for sellers, such as Amazon in books or Google in search.
Latin Blackness in Parisian Visual Culture, 1852–1932: by Lyneise E. Williams, New York, Bloomsbury Visual Arts, 2019, 232 pp., 9 color and 37 bw illustrations, ISBN: 9781501332357

In Latin Blackness in Parisian Visual Culture, 1852–1932, Lyneise E. Williams makes an insightful contribution to the limited art historical scholarship on the representation of Black Latin America...
Adolescent Reproductive and Sexual Coercion: Measurement Invariance in a Population-Based Sample of Male and Female High School Students

Though researchers have documented that adolescents are vulnerable to coercion focused on reproductive and sexual autonomy, measures to assess this type of coercion for both adolescent females and males have not been validated in a population-based sample. The present study used secondary data collected from high school students across Kentucky (n = 16,137 from two independent samples in 2010 and 2014) to 1) determine if five items measuring adolescent reproductive and sexual coercion (ARSC) are appropriate for use among both females and males; and 2) estimate prevalence of identified ARSC factors by sex. For both male and females, given measurement items, the results supported a two-factor model of ARSC comprised of 1) verbal relationship manipulation and 2) contraceptive interference. Measurement invariance by sex was also supported. Additional findings indicated the high prevalence of ARSC and its associated subscales. Approximately 4 in 10 females and 3 in 10 males reported experiencing ARSC in the previous year, with almost all of those reporting contraceptive interference also reporting verbal relationship manipulation. Findings suggest verbal relationship manipulation and contraceptive interference (together forming ARSC) may restrict the autonomous sexual and reproductive decision-making of both female and male adolescents.
Cingulate-basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical aspects of catatonia and implications for treatment

The catatonic syndrome is an example of a multifactorial neurobehavioral disorder that causes much morbidity and mortality but also has the potential to unlock the mystery of how motivation and movement interact to produce behavior. In this chapter, an attempt is made to understand better the catatonic syndrome through the lens of neurobiology and neuropathophysiology updated by recent studies in molecular biology, genomics, inflammasomics, neuroimaging, neural network theory, and neuropsychopathology. This will result in a neurostructural model for the catatonic syndrome that centers on paralimbic regions including the anterior and midcingulate cortices, as they interface with striatal and thalamic nodes in the salience decision-making network. Examination of neurologic disorders like the abulic syndrome, which includes in its extreme catatonic form, akinetic mutism, will identify the cingulate cortex and paralimbic neighbors as regions of interest. This exploration has the potential to unlock mysteries of the brain cascade from motivation to movement and to clarify catatonia therapeutics. Such a synthesis may also help us discern meaning inherent in this complex neurobehavioral syndrome.
Creation of the gender-equitable school index for secondary schools using principal components analysis.

BACKGROUND Higher schooling attainment for girls is associated with improved maternal and child health outcomes. In low- and middle-income countries, girls drop out of school at higher rates than boys beginning in early adolescence due to factors such as son preference and lack of access to menstrual supplies. METHODS Using principal components analysis, we created a gender-equitable school (GES) index with data from 159 secondary schools in Nepal to measure school-level factors that may influence girls' secondary school pass rates. RESULTS A component describing girls' safety and hygiene was positively associated with school-wide pass rates for girls, and to a lesser degree for boys. CONCLUSIONS The GES index has diagnostic and programmatic utility in programs aimed at supporting girls' education and health.
Super-Eddington Atmospheres that Don't Blow Away

We show that magnetized, radiation dominated atmospheres can support steady state patterns of density inhomogeneity that enable them to radiate at far above the Eddington limit, without suffering mass loss. The inhomogeneities consist of periodic shock fronts bounding narrow, high-density regions, interspersed with much broader regions of low density. The radiation flux avoids the regions of high density, which are therefore weighed down by gravity, while gas in the low-density regions is slammed upward into the shock fronts by radiation force. As the wave pattern moves through the atmosphere, each parcel of matter alternately experiences upward and downward forces, which balance on average. Magnetic tension shares the competing forces between regions of different densities, preventing the atmosphere from blowing apart. We calculate the density structure and phase speed of the wave pattern, and relate these to the wavelength, the density contrast, and the factor by which the net radiation flux exceeds the Eddington limit. In principle, this factor can be as large as the ratio of magnetic pressure to mean gas pressure, or the ratio of radiation pressure to gas pressure, whichever is smaller. Although the magnetic pressure must be large compared to the mean gas pressure in order to support a large density contrast, it need not be large compared to the radiation pressure. These highly inhomogeneous flows could represent the nonlinear development of the "photon bubble" instability discovered by Gammie. We briefly discuss the applicability of these solutions to astrophysical systems.
Magnetic towers and binary-formed disks: New results for planetary nebula evolution

We present new results of 3-D AMR MHD simulations focusing on two distinct aspects of PPN evolution. We first report new simulations of collimated outflows driven entirely by magnetic fields. These Poynting flux dominated “magnetic towers” hold promise for explaining key properties of PPN flows. Our simulations address magnetic tower evolution and stability. We also present results of a campaign of simulations to explore the development of accretion disks formed via wind capture. Our result focus on the limits of disk formation and the range of disk properties.