cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
In Vivo Elasticity Mapping of Posterior Ocular Layers Using Acoustic Radiation Force Optical Coherence Elastography

Author(s): Qu, Yueqiao; He, Youmin; Saidi, Arya; Xin, Yihang; Zhou, Yongxiao; Zhu, Jiang; Ma, Teng; Silverman, Ronald H; Minckler, Don S; Zhou, Qifa; Chen, Zhongping | Abstract: PurposeWe used acoustic radiation force optical coherence elastography (ARF-OCE) to map out the elasticity of retinal layers in healthy and diseased in vivo rabbit models for the first time.MethodsA healthy rabbit eye was proptosed and imaged using ARF-OCE, by measuring the tissue deformation after an acoustic force is applied. A diseased retinal inflammation model was used to observe the contrast before and after disease formation. Retinal histologic analysis was performed to identify layers of the retina corresponding with the optical images.ResultsThe general trend of the retinal layer elasticity is increasing stiffness from the ganglion side to the photoreceptor side, with the stiffest layer being the sclera. In a healthy rabbit model, the mechanical properties varied from 3 to 16 kPa for the five layers that were identified via optical imaging and histology (3.09 ± 0.46, 3.82 ± 0.88, 4.53 ± 0.74, 6.59 ± 2.27, 16.11 ± 5.13 kPa). In the diseased model, we have induced optical damage in a live rabbit and observed a change in the stiffness trend in its retina.ConclusionsHigh sensitivity elasticity maps can be obtained using the ARF-OCE system to differentiate different retinal layers. Subtle changes in the mechanical properties during the onset of diseases, such as retinal degeneration, can be measured and aid in early clinical diagnosis. This study validates our imaging system for the characterization of retinal elasticity for the detection of retinal diseases in vivo.
Modeling of Strain-Induced Phase Transformations Under High Pressure and Shear

The strain-induced α → ω phase transformation (PT) in a zirconium sample under compression and torsion under fixed load is investigated using the finite-element method (FEM), and results are compared to those for a sample in a diamond anvil cell (DAC) and a rotational diamond anvil cell (RDAC). Highly heterogeneous fields of stresses, strains, and concentration of the high-pressure phase are presented and analyzed. Some experimentally observed effects are analyzed and interpreted.
Neurodegenerative Diseases and RNA-Mediated Toxicity

Abstract Several neurodegenerative diseases are associated with the expansion of unstable DNA repeats. While some of these repeats exist in the coding region of genes and result in a toxic gain of function at the protein level, other repeats are noncoding, leading to the hypothesis that pathogenesis could originate from the effects of a mutant RNA. A common theme in these RNA-mediated diseases is the accumulation of the mutant RNA transcripts into foci, and it has long been hypothesized that these accumulations sequester and subsequently inhibit RNA-binding proteins, resulting in defects in RNA processing. To complicate matters, many of these repeat loci are bidirectionally transcribed, resulting in antisense repeat transcripts that are also toxic. Furthermore, the discovery of repeat-associated non-ATG (RAN) translation allows the expression of a mutant RNA to also result in the accumulation of toxic proteins. This chapter summarizes how these different mechanisms relate to specific neurodegenerative diseases.
Hydrogen-assisted graphene transfer: surface engineering for chemical, electronic, and biological applications

Functional surfaces find application in a number of areas, such as designing flexible electronic devices and integrating electronic systems with biological ones. However, the preparation of functional surfaces entails processing that is destructive to fragile polymer or biological substrates. A benign transfer method is thus needed to move pre-functionalized surfaces from a stable substrate to a fragile one. Chemical hydrogenation of graphene weakens the adhesion force between the graphene and its substrate. We exploit this phenomenon to construct a method for transferring graphene with pre-formed chemical, physical, and electronic functionalities from a heat-, vacuum-, and chemical-stable substrate such as silicon to several less robust ones, including polymers and living cells. We also discuss reversibility of graphene hydrogenation and the implications for re-adhering graphene securely to new substrates.
Predicting emergence from a disorder of consciousness using the Coma Recovery Scale-Revised.

This study explored the utility of the Coma Recovery Scale–Revised (CRS-R) in predicting emergence from a disorder of consciousness, using a sample of veterans who were treated at one of the five V...
Integrating Distributed Design Information in Decision-Based Design

The design information and knowledge necessary for decision-based design may come from across multiple organizations, companies, and countries. Integrating distributed engineering information that allows decision makers to easily access and understand it is essential for making well informed decisions. In this work we present a knowledge management approach for documenting and seamlessly integrating distributed design knowledge during the evaluation of design alternatives. Our approach takes advantage of emerging Semantic Web technologies to improve collaboration during engineering design through increased understanding of content and representation of knowledge in a manner that is easily shareable and distributable. This Web-based, collaborative approach for decision-based design is demonstrated through an example involving the re-design of a transfer plate for an aerospace circuit breaker. The geometrical forms, structural analyses, and optimization techniques for several proposed re-designed alternatives are captured and combined with enterprise information to create a knowledge repository. A modified conjoint-analysis based decision matrix is then utilized to evaluate, compare, and realize the most optimal design from amongst the alternatives. Salient features of this approach include an easy to access knowledge repository that improves consistency of information and facilitates collective comparison of the design alternatives based on specified evaluation criteria.
Spatial and temporal variability of myxozoan parasite, Myxobolus inornatus, prevalence in young of the year smallmouth bass in the Susquehanna River Basin, Pennsylvania

A myxozoan parasite, Myxobolus inornatus, is one disease agent identified in young of the year (YOY) smallmouth bass in the Susquehanna River Basin, Pennsylvania. We investigated spatial and temporal variability in M. Inornatus prevalence across the Susquehanna River Basin and at several out-of-basin sites. We examined potential land use drivers of M. Inornatus prevalence including agricultural and developed land use. In 1,267 YOY smallmouth bass collected from 32 sites during 2013-2016, M. Inornatus was documented in 43.6% of samples. Among-site variability in parasite prevalence was greater than among-year variability. The effect of agricultural land use on M. Inornatus prevalence had a high probability of being positively correlated at multiple spatial scales (probability of positive effect > 0.80). The effect of developed land use on M. Inornatus prevalence had a relatively high probability of being negatively correlated at multiple spatial scales (probability of negative effect > 0.70). Our results suggest that land use practices could be related to M. Inornatus infection of smallmouth bass. Further study will be necessary to determine whether disease dynamics are a consequence of effects on the host, alterations of instream habitat mediating invertebrate host dynamics and/or survival and dispersal of the parasite infective stage.
The Business Case for Integrated Behavioral Healthcare Delivery

The need for integrated behavioral health leaders to develop competencies for financial management is growing as healthcare delivery transitions from traditional fee for service to value-based models of reimbursement. This chapter is focused on developing a business case for sustainable integrated behavioral health programs. Key competencies include determining program costs, projecting revenue, completing a pro forma, and calculating return on investment (ROI) for integrated behavioral healthcare delivery. Examples of measurement and evaluation of these competencies are included.
Computationally efficient spatial modeling using recursive skeletonization factorizations

Abstract Recursive skeletonization factorization techniques can evaluate an accurate approximation to the log-likelihood for irregularly sited two-dimensional spatial data under a Gaussian process in O ( n 3 ∕ 2 ) time and O ( n log n ) storage. We demonstrate the application of these techniques to data on the surface of a sphere by fitting a Matern model to approximately 87,000 total column ozone observations obtained from a single orbit of a polar-orbiting satellite. We then demonstrate that this fit can be improved by allowing either the range or scale parameters of the process to vary with latitude, but that the latter form of nonstationarity can be accommodated using skeletonization factorizations that do not need to be redone when optimizing over the parameters describing nonstationarity.
Landscapes, Fields, and Stages

In this chapter, I examine the “value added” recent cultural sociology brings to our understanding of political process. I show how the contributions in this volume draw our attention to a variety of neglected discourses, underestimated institutional changes, and complexities of symbolic interaction and performance that help account for the unexpected political changes in 2016. I argue that advances in synthesizing different sorts of knowledge generated in cultural sociology constitute an important new frontier for cultural sociologists, and sketch some initial directions. Normatively, they could also provide a stronger foundation for assessing whether and how the anti-civil forces emerging in the 2016 presidential campaign are likely to recede.
Maximum Reuse Distance Scheduling for Cellular-V2X Sidelink Mode 3

Vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication will be the key technology to improve safety on the road. In particular, the cooperative awareness service will give vehicles the capacity of being aware of the neighborhood through the periodic dissemination of beacon messages, carrying mobility information. Applications like these need a wireless technology able to provide high reliability and low latency. In this context, Cellular-V2X based on long term evolution (LTE) Release 14 is a promising candidate. Objective of this work is to focus on LTE Sidelink mode 3, where resources reserved to direct links are managed by the network and to propose a resource scheduling algorithm based on the knowledge, with different levels of accuracy, of the positions of the vehicles at the network side. Through simulations, carried out in realistic highway and urban scenarios, we compare the proposed solution with a benchmark algorithm based on the concept of reuse distance and we demonstrate that the new solution, other than always offering the highest performance in terms of packet reception ratio and latency, does not require the fine tuning of any parameter.
The perceived benefit of a short-term service trip of students and participants while working in an HIV community center in Puerto Rico

Introduction: Puerto Rico is among the top five territories in the USA to be affected by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which is why our goal is to help the island with service trips. Studies have reported the professional and personal benefits students can gain by participating in service activities. However, the benefits obtained by the Hispanic-Latino participants living with HIV in Puerto Rico, have not been outlined. The purpose of this study was to discuss the perceived benefits of a short-term week-long service trip for the students, participants, and personnel. Methods: A total of 11 physical therapy students and one professor travelled to Puerto Rico for a one-week service trip. The group partnered with an established organization named ‘La Perla de Gran Precio,’ which works with low-income Hispanic-Latino USA citizens participants that have been diagnosed with HIV. Students were involved in both academic and cultural components by providing physical therapy services to the participants. At the end of the week, surveys were given to all parties involved. Results: Students, personnel and participants reported the service trip as extremely positive. Students suggested that its integration should be considered in any physical therapy curriculum to improve the future of this profession further. Participants reported learning from this experience and have been able to implement the methods into their routine. Conclusions: The Puerto Rico service trip enhanced the education of physical therapy students and their ability to increase cultural awareness, boost communication skills, provide opportunities to overcome challenges, and foster a sense of purpose. Also, the Puerto Rico service trip was a beneficial and positive experience for all people involved. Consideration should be made to incorporate this initiative a much larger scale in a population that is vastly underserved.
Molecular Basis of Rifampicin-Induced Inhibition of Anti-CD95-Induced Apoptosis of Peripheral Blood T Lymphocytes: The Role of CD95 Ligand and FLIPs

Rifampicin modulates immune response; however, mechanisms by which it exerts these effects are incompletely understood. Recently, rifampicin has been shown to bind to and activate glucocorticoid receptors. Because of the evidence for a role of glucocorticoids in lymphocyte apoptosis, we hypothesized that rifampicin may exert its influence on the immune system by regulating apoptosis. Therefore, we examined the effect of rifampicin on signaling pathway of anti-CD95-induced apoptosis in peripheral blood lymphocytes. Rifampicin, in a concentration-dependent manner, inhibited anti-CD95-induced apoptosis in both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, which was associated with the inhibition of activation of both caspase-3 and caspase-8. In addition, rifampicin down-regulated the expression of CD95L and Bax. The inhibitory effects of rifampicin on apoptosis and caspase activation as well as its effect on the expression of CD95L and FLIPs were reversed by RU486, an antagonist of glucocorticoid receptor. These data suggest that rifampicin inhibits anti-CD95-mediated apoptosis in lymphocytes by modulating the expression of certain proteins that regulate apoptosis, at least in part, via glucocorticoid receptors.
The psychology of religion and spirituality for clinicians: using research in your practice: edited by Jamie D. Aten, Kari A. O’Grady, and Everett L. Worthington, New York, Routledge Taylor & Francis Group, 2012, ISBN: 978-0415873437

The Psychology of Religion and Spirituality for Clinicians: Using Research in Your Practice is a book written for therapists and counselors who are wanting to make a stronger connection between cli...
Going back to school: the perceived value of the bachelor’s degree for early childhood practitioners

This qualitative interview-based study examined the perceptions of 17 diverse, mainly non-traditional age early childhood practitioners enrolled in a 2 + 2 Bachelor of Applied Science degree comple...
1930: Margherita Sarfatti entre Buenos Aires, Roma y Milán

Between September 14 and October 4 1930, an exhibition of Italian interwar art was on view in Buenos Aires “Amigos del Arte” space. Organized by one of the most important Italian fascist art critics, Margherita Sarfatti and by prominent members of the Italian-Argentine community, the exhibition purposefully blurred the line between “Italian” and “fascist.” Analyzing the intricate transatlantic curatorship of this show, and its intellectual investments in Italy and Argentina, this article highlights the impact of transnational projects in the redefinition of artistic geographies, while at the same time addressing the impact of nationalism on art practice and art history.
Tracking Breast Cancer Therapies with Handheld and Wearable Diffuse Optics

We present here our recent clinical data and technological developments in diffuse optical technologies for monitoring breast cancer at early timepoints.
Animal plague epidemiology in Xiazigai Area, Northwestern Junggar Basin

Objective To investigate the situation of small animals infected with plague and the community structure of parasitic fleas and ticks on the small animals in Xiazigai Area,Northwestern Junggar Basin.Methods Animal species and their density were investigated by using clamps in rat hole during the day and 5 meters clip line method at night,meanwhile parasitic fleas and ticks were investigated.F1 antibody of plague and specimens of plague bacillus were collected,while the plague antibodies were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and gold immunochromatography assay (GICA) ; isolation and identification of yersinia pestis were carried out by 4-step tests (microscopic examination,isolation and culture,phage lysis test and animal experiment).Results The density of Rhombomys opimus (R.opimus) was 2-5/hm2.The capture rate of small animals was 3.6％(56/1551) by 5 meters clip line method,and the captured animals included 10 species 5 families and 1501 fleas(8 species) were collected.The dominant species were R.opimus,Meriones erythrourus (M.erythrourus) and Meriones meridianus (M.meridianus),and body flea indexes were 21.1 (1309/62),4.8 (114/24) and 1.7 (27/16),respectively.The ratios of Xenopsylla skrjabini and Echidnophaga oschanini were 79.1％(1187/1501) and 13.1％(197/1501)of the total fleas.Twelve and eleven plague F1 antibodies of serum and pleural fluid in 146 specimens were detected by ELISA and GICA.Yersinia pestis was not detected in the animal samples.Conclusions M.meridianus,M.erythrourus and Tiger ferret are involved in the epidemic of animal plague in Xiazigai area. Key words: Junggar Basin; Plague ; Antibodies
Coronatine is More Potent than Jasmonates in Regulating Arabidopsis Circadian Clock

Recent studies establish a crucial role of the circadian clock in regulating plant defense against pathogens. Whether pathogens modulate host circadian clock as a potential strategy to suppress host innate immunity is not well understood. Coronatine is a toxin produced by the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae that is known to counteract Arabidopsis defense through mimicking defense signaling molecules, jasmonates (JAs). We report here that COR preferentially suppresses expression of clock-related genes in high throughput gene expression studies, compared with the plant-derived JA molecule methyl jasmonate (MJ). COR treatment dampens the amplitude and lengthens the period of all four reporters tested while MJ and another JA agonist JA-isoleucine (JA-Ile) only affect some reporters. COR, MJ, and JA-Ile act through the canonical JA receptor COI1 in clock regulation. These data support a stronger role of the pathogen-derived molecule COR than plant-derived JA molecules in regulating Arabidopsis clock. Further study shall reveal mechanisms underlying COR regulation of host circadian clock.
Predicting commercial fishing vessel disasters through a novel application of the theory of man-made disasters.

Abstract Introduction: Vessel disasters (e.g., sinkings, capsizings) are a leading contributor to fatalities in the U.S. commercial fishing industry. Primary prevention strategies are needed to reduce the occurrence of vessel disasters, which can only be done by developing an understanding of their causes and risk factors. If less serious vessel casualties (e.g., loss of propulsion, fire, flooding) are predictors of future disasters, then reducing vessel casualties should in turn reduce vessel disasters and the accompanying loss of life. Method: This case-control study examined the association between vessel casualties and disasters using fishing vessels in Alaska during 2010–2015. Results: The findings show that vessels that experienced casualties within a preceding 10-year period were at increased odds of disaster. Other significant predictors included safety decal status and hull material. Practical Applications: The results of this analysis emphasize the importance of implementing vessel-specific preventive maintenance plans. At an industry level, specific prevention policies should be developed focusing on high-risk fleets to identify and correct a wide range of safety deficits before they have catastrophic and fatal consequences.
Abstract 4063: Design and development of a novel 5-FU modified siRNA against BCL2 with enhanced efficacy and the unique ability to be delivered vehicle free into cancer cells

Evasion of apoptosis is one of the major hallmarks of cancer and an important factor in chemoresistance. Thus, targeting apoptosis regulation is an important therapeutic approach. Anti-apoptotic BCL2, an oncogene and therapeutic target, is overexpressed in several different cancer types. There have been various approaches developed to target BCL2 including the FDA approved Venetoclax. In this study we have developed a modified siRNA against BCL2 that has enhanced efficacy and also can be delivered into cancer cells without any vehicle. We developed this siRNA by replacing uracil residues in the siRNA with 5-flurouracil (5-FU). This modification incorporates the effects of both 5-FU and siBCL2, to have an enhanced therapeutic effect. We tested several different modified siBCL29s, one with only the sense strand modified, one with only the antisense strand modified and one with both strands modified. We found the modified siBCL2 with both strands modified with 5-FU was most effective at inhibiting BCL2. Importantly, we were able to demonstrate via qRT-PCR and Western blot, that this modified siBCL2 retains its siRNA function and inhibits BCL2 expression in several different cancer types including colon cancer, lung cancer and lymphoma. In addition, in lymphoma cells, we found that our modified siBCL2 has better efficacy than BCL2 inhibitor Venetoclax. Finally, we were able to demonstrate that modified siBCL2 can be delivered into cancer cells without a delivery vehicle. This unique feature may be significant in overcoming the challenge of delivery, which remains a major obstacle for RNA therapeutics. This modified siBCL2 has therapeutic potential for several different cancers. Beyond BCL2, the modification approach we demonstrated may be applicable to other siRNAs and has potential as a platform technology for siRNA based therapeutics. Citation Format: Andrew Fesler, Ga-Ram Hwang, John Yuen, Jingfang Ju. Design and development of a novel 5-FU modified siRNA against BCL2 with enhanced efficacy and the unique ability to be delivered vehicle free into cancer cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 4063.
Statistically Optimized Spatial Filtering in Decoding Steady-State Visual Evoked Potentials Based on Task-Related Component Analysis

Task-related component analysis (TRCA) has been the most effective spatial filtering method in implementing high-speed brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) based on steady-state visual evoked potentials (SSVEPs). TRCA is a data-driven method, in which spatial filters are optimized to maximize inter-trial covariance of time-locked electroencephalographic (EEG) data, formulated as a generalized eigenvalue problem. Although multiple eigenvectors can be obtained by TRCA, the traditional TRCA-based SSVEP detection considered only one that corresponds to the largest eigenvalue to reduce its computational cost. This study proposes using multiple eigen-vectors to classify SSVEPs. Specifically, this study integrates a task consistency test, which statistically identifies whether the component reconstructed by each eigenvector is task-related or not, with the TRCA-based SSVEP detection method. The proposed method was evaluated by using a 12-class SSVEP dataset recorded from 10 subjects. The study results indicated that the task consistency test usually identified and suggested more than one eigenvectors (i.e., spatial filters). Further, the use of additional spatial filters significantly improved the classification accuracy of the TRCA-based SSVEP detection.
Value Utilization of Emergency Medical Services Air Transport in Acute Ischemic Stroke.

Abstract Background Determining whether a patient has a time-critical medical condition requiring helicopter Emergency Medical Services (HEMS) transportation is a challenge with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Although HEMS is largely accepted as improving outcomes in time-sensitive conditions, overtriage of patients ineligible for acute stroke therapies places patients and providers at unnecessary risk and wastes limited health care resources. Objective We sought to identify how accurate our triage system was at identifying high-yield EMS transfers. A better triage system would decrease the volume of low flight value HEMS transfers. Methods We conducted a retrospective study during a 1-year period. Low flight value was defined by acute therapy eligibility and presenting medical status. Results Of 141 AIS patients transferred by HEMS, 23 (16%) were deemed of low flight value; 14 (61%) were outside the acute treatment time window for either intravenous tissue plasminogen activator or endovascular therapy (EVT); 5 patients (22%) were ineligible for EVT (National Institute of Health Stroke Scale Conclusions HEMS transport for AIS patients plays a crucial role in delivering the best evidence-based care. However, a significant percent of patients did not meet criteria for its optimal utilization, most commonly due to expired treatment windows. Furthermore, low flight value transfers were initiated in spite of physician evaluation > 50% of the time. These results represent a unique opportunity to coordinate education and build effective triage paradigms across a system of stroke care.
Wind Farm Large-Eddy Simulations on Very Coarse Grid Resolutions using an Actuator Line Model

In this work the accuracy of the Actuator Line Model (ALM) in Large Eddy Simula- tions of wind turbine flow is studied under the speci c conditions of very coarse spatial resolutions. For finely-resolved conditions, it is known that ALM provides better accuracy compared to the standard Actuator Disk Model (ADM) without rotation. However, we show here that on very coarse resolutions, flow induction occurring at rotor scales can a effect the predicted in flwow angle and can adversely a ect the ALM predictions. We first provide an illustration of coarse LES to reproduce wind tunnel measurements. The resulting flow predictions are good, but the challenges in predicting power outputs from the detailed ALM motivate more detailed analysis on a case with uniform in flow. We present a theoretical framework to compare the ltered quantities that enter the Large-Eddy Sim- ulation equations as body forces with a scaling relation between the filtered and unflltered quantities. The study aims to apply the theoretical derivation to the simulation framework and improve the current results for an ALM, especially in the near wake where the largest differences are observed.
Your agile open source HW stinks (because it is not a system)

Exciting times in hardware design are upon us. Spearheaded by the RISC-V ISA, and the recent DARPA POSH/IDEA program which focuses on both open source IP and open source CAD, a large number of open source HW projects are underway. Academics are increasingly releasing their code online. Many agile open source HW projects envision a hypothetical user that may not actually exist. To acquire real users, we must be pragmatic about what kinds of systems our HW will go into and focus on the roadblocks unique to those systems.
Digital dermatopathology: The time is now.

To continue to provide expert specialized care during the COVID-19 pandemic, our dermatopathology service transitioned to a secure virtual microscopy platform. In our experience, this digitally-enabled dermatopathology practice revealed myriad benefits, including an improved diagnostic workflow and increased access to teaching. Whole slide imaging (WSI) is a related system that digitizes glass slides with high resolution and has been clinically validated for primary diagnosis. While WSI requires an initial institutional investment, its benefits include expanded access to subspecialized expertise and collaborations, digital histopathologic data generation for research, unification of patient clinical and pathologic information, and archiving of educational resources. The switch to digitally-enabled remote dermatopathology at our institution and across the United States presents a rare opportunity to critically examine newly implemented systems and to develop permanent digital solutions, thereby taking a leap forward for the benefit of patient care, research, and medical education.
FPGA Design Flow and CAD

With the ever rising demand of FPGA based applications and increasing semiconductor complexity of late, the techniques and efficient algorithms of ASIC software have trickled down to FPGA as well, In this paper, we are going to look at some of these techniques that have resulted in better performance per watt- a key metric in FPGA world. We will also do a brief comparison of ASIC vs FPGA design flow and FPGA architecture, connect the dots and make user better aware of the challenges that are faced by FPGA designers in implementing a certain design technique and how the software tries to overcome those challenges.
A Case of Euglycemic DKA With SGLT 2 Inhibitor Use- A Diagnostic and Therapeutic Dilemma

Background: The increasing use of SGLT-2 inhibitors driven by the apparent renal and cardiovascular benefits has been associated with increased incidence of euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), we present a case of euglycemic DKA following bariatric surgery in a patient on SGLT-2 inhibitors. Case: 32 year old female with history of diabetes mellitus, obesity, hypertension, and triglyceride induced pancreatitis was admitted for an elective gastric sleeve procedure. She was diagnosed with type 2 diabetes after birth of her first child. Prior to the surgery she was treated with metformin 1000 mg twice daily, Empagliflozin 25 mg once daily, Tresiba 46 units and Humalog 12–15 units with each meal. She was placed on a strict calorie restricted diet leading up to the surgery. Empagliflozin and metformin were held 1 day prior to the surgery, insulin was decreased. Patient’s laparoscopic surgery was complicated by bleeding and hypotension and had to be converted to open surgery. Post operatively labs showed metabolic acidosis with bicarbonate level of 13 mmol/l (22–33), anion gap of 22 (7–17) and arterial pH of 7.29. Serum glucose of 223 mg/dl (65- 99), AST 541 u/l (10–50) ALT 580 u/l (10–50), beta hydroxy butyrate 5.89 mmol/l (< 0.28), serum osmolality 305. Urinalysis showed a glucose of 500 mg /dl with the presence of large ketones. She was started on an insulin infusion and transferred to the ICU for close monitoring and management of euglycemic DKA. She was eventually transitioned to a basal bolus regimen of insulin at discharge with discontinuation of SGLT - 2 inhibitor therapy. Later, it was revealed that the patient had history of EDKA while on SGLT2 inhibitors, which was not reported to her new endocrinologist and hence she was re-initiated on them a year ago. Discussion: Euglycemic DKA [EDKA] in the setting of SGLT- 2 inhibitor use has been associated with Type I diabetes with an incidence of 9.4 % whereas in type II at a rate of 0.2 %. In type 2 diabetics, it is more common in patients with beta cell insufficiency and may predict risk of developing type 1 diabetics which is likely the case in our patient. SGLT2 inhibitors act by promoting glucosuria, which in turn promotes sodium and ketone body reabsorption and increased ketone body production because of increased glucagon to insulin ratio. (1) Most patients with DKA while on SGLT 2 inhibitor have a precipitating event like dehydration, infection, surgery or change in insulin dose. We propose that strict carbohydrate diet and continuation of SGLT2 inhibitors before bariatric surgery resulted in EDKA. It led to complications peri-operatively. In conclusion, despite the increasing benefits of SGLT2 inhibitors in type 2 diabetics, one must be cognizant of its limitations and in particular association with EDKA. This especially holds true for patients suspected to have beta cell dysfunction or ketosis prone diabetes and patients on strict/low carbohydrate diets.
Topological recursion relations in genus 2

In Part 1 of this paper, we study gravitational descendents of Gromov-Witten invariants for general projective manifolds, applying the Behrend-Fantechi construction of the virtual fundamental classes. In Part 2, we calculate the topological recursion relations in genus 2. There are two of these, one for the second descendent of a field, and one for the first descendents of two fields. The proof uses the results of Part 1 together with a thorough study of intersection theory on the moduli space $\bar{M}_{2,2}$.
Heuristic-Based Learning

Knowledge-based systems are becoming increasingly model oriented. Models enable the system a deeper understanding — something which is impractical to attain when all the system has are rules. Furthermore, it has become apparent that knowledge representations must become increasingly domain-specific in order to facilitate more sophisticated problem solving. The task of automating the solution of sophisticated problems in turn implies the use of analogic reasoning towards the goal of automatic knowledge acquisition.
SpaceGlue: Linking Spaces for Adaptive and Situational Service Location

We propose and describe a networking technology called SpaceGlue for locating, communicating with, and interacting with services/people in a ubiquitous computing environment. In SpaceGlue, service components are embedded in a local communication area called a ubiquitous space and collaboratively provide an application. A user can locate desired service components offered in the local space by sending a query within the space. To allow users to discover service components that match their preferences in remote spaces, SpaceGlue dynamically links or “glues” together different spaces based on relationships among spaces that are estimated from the behavior history of many users. For example, if many users often visit a cafe and theater on the same day, these two spaces creates bonds to each other, reflecting the strong relationship among them. This lets users in the theater discover services in the cafe. We propose an algorithm for manipulating bonds to enable adaptive service location. We designed and implemented SpaceGlue using a distributed service platform called Ja-Net and showed that SpaceGlue is useful for adaptively locating services through simulation.
Cell signalling at the shoot meristem

The regulation of cell differentiation at meristems is crucial to developmental patterning in plants. Rapid progress has been made in identifying the genes that regulate differentiation and the receptor-mediated signalling events that have a key role in this process. In particular, we are now learning how the CLAVATA receptor kinase signalling pathway promotes stem cell differentiation in balance with the initiation of stem cells by the transcription factor WUSCHEL.
The Optical Properties of PKS 1222+216 During the Fermi Mission

The optical properties of the z = 0.435 quasar PKS 1222+216 (4C+21.35) are summarized since the discovery of impressive gamma-ray activity in this source by Fermi/LAT. Unlike several other gamma-ray-bright blazars, there appears to be little connection between optical and gamma-ray activity. Spectropolarimetry shows this object to be a composite system with optical emission from both a polarized, variable synchrotron power-law and unpolarized light from a stable blue continuum source (+broad emission-line region) contributing to the observed spectrum. Spectrophotometry over a period of about two years does not detect significant variability in the strong, broad emission lines, despite large optical continuum variations. This suggests that the relativistic jet has little influence on the output of the broad emission-line region, possibly either because the highly beamed continuum ionizes only a small portion of the line-emitting gas, or the observed non-thermal continuum originates parsecs downstream from the base of the jet, further away from the central engine than the broad emission-line region.
Neuroimaging In Multiple Sclerosis

Conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has routinely been used to improve the accuracy of multiple sclerosis (MS) diagnosis and prognosis. Metrics derived from conventional MRI are now routinely used to detect therapeutic effects and extend clinical observations. However, conventional MRI measures, such as the use of lesion volume and count of gadolinium-enhancing and T2 lesions, have insufficient sensitivity and specificity to reveal the true degree of pathological changes occurring in MS. They cannot distinguish between inflammation, edema, demyelination, Wallerian degeneration, and axonal loss. In addition, they do not show a reliable correlation with clinical measures of disability and do not provide a complete assessment of therapeutic outcomes. Recent neuropathologic studies of typical chronic MS brains reveal macroscopic demyelination in cortical and deep gray matter (GM) that cannot be detected by currently available MRI techniques. Therefore, there is a pressing need for the development of newer MRI techniques to detect these lesions. Newer metrics of MRI analysis, including T1-weighted hypointense lesions, central nervous system atrophy measures, magnetization transfer imaging, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and diffusion tensor imaging, are able to capture a more global picture of the range of tissue alterations caused by inflammation and neurodegeneration. At this time, they provide the only proof--albeit indirect--that important occult pathology is occurring in the GM. However, evidence is increasing that these nonconventional MRI measures correlate better with both existing and developing neurological impairment and disability when compared to conventional metrics.
Seeing Red: Color Selection as an Indicator of Implicit Societal Conceptions about the Autism Spectrum

We explore how implicit associations with the label "autism" influence how people with the diagnosis are represented and perceived. A recent trend in public discourse has been to add descriptors to autism, such as "high-functioning" or "spectrum," possibly to minimize the perceived stigma associated with the diagnosis. We examined the colors used by researchers in poster graphs to represent the term autism. Research has indicated that the color red has implicit negative associations when evaluation of competence is salient. We found that red was used more often for groups with an autism label than other groups. Further, the use of red was less frequent when there were qualifiers for autism such as "high-functioning," "spectrum," or for Asperger syndrome. We assert that this pattern is evidence of implicit, negative societal associations with the word autism that influence discourse on the diagnosis.
Abstract W P289: Cost Burden of Stroke Mimics and Transient Ischemic Attacks Following Intravenous Tissue Plasminogen Activator Treatment

Objective: The decision to treat a patient with acute stroke symptoms is based on pertinent history, brief neurological examination, urgent labs, and head CT. In this setting, patients with stroke mimic (SM) may mistakenly receive IV-tPA. The main goal of this study was to investigate the excess direct and indirect hospital costs among patients who received IV-tPA when the final diagnosis was not ischemic stroke. Method: We reviewed the records of 538 IV-tPA treated patients who presented to our primary stroke centers. The excess cost analysis compared the actual direct and indirect hospital costs of an individual patient to what their direct and indirect hospital costs would have been had they primarily been diagnosed with SM or TIA. We obtained the actual and itemized direct and indirect hospital costs of each patient who had a diagnosis of SM or TIA. We determined the ‘calculated cost’ for each patient based on the projected direct and indirect hospital costs associated with each patient’s actual diagnosis, symptoms, severity of disease, other active clinical problems, and hospital course. Results: Seventy-four of 538 post IV-tPA patients had final diagnosis of SM and 21 had TIA. The excess direct and indirect hospital costs for SM was $257,975 and $152,813, respectively. The median excess cost was $5,401 per admission. The excess total cost for TIA was $85,026 with a median of $3,407 per admission. Considering the 2013 Wage Index report for Memphis, TN (WI: ∿ 0.93), and a 42% rate of direct personnel cost in our direct cost analysis, we can estimate that, in the United States, the excess direct hospital cost associated with administration of IV-tPA to patients with SM is approximately 15 million dollars per year with an average hospital direct cost of $3600 per admission. Conclusion: Our study reveals that administration of IV-tPA to patients with SM is associated with significant excess cost; mainly from the cost of unnecessary hospital admission, IV-tPA, and higher level of care.
A signal-dependent rank ordered mean (SD-ROM) filter-a new approach for removal of impulses from highly corrupted images

Proposes an efficient nonlinear algorithm to suppress impulse noise from highly corrupted images while preserving details and features. The method is applicable to all impulse noise models, including fixed valued (equal height or salt and pepper) impulses and random valued (unequal height) impulses, covering the whole dynamic range. The algorithm is based on a detection-estimation strategy. If a signal sample is detected as a corrupted sample, it is replaced with an estimation of the true value, based on neighborhood information. Otherwise it is kept unchanged. The technique achieves excellent tradeoff between the suppression of noise, and preserving the details and edges without undue increase in computational complexity. Extensive simulation tests indicate that the method performs better than other existing algorithms, including the well known median filters. Illustrative examples included in the paper verify the capability of the proposed approach.
Cascode and transconductance with capacitances feedback compensation for multistage amplifiers driving no load and 1nF capacitive load

A cascode and transconductance with capacitances feedback compensation (CTCFC) for multistage amplifiers is proposed in this paper. By adding a transconductance with capacitor feedback across the output stage, the shorting effect of this capacitor is eliminated, which enlarges the gain at higher frequency region. This capacitor can also help stabilize no load configuration. The other compensation capacitor through cascode from the output to the first stage simplifies the circuit and provides zeros to further increase the bandwidth. The proposed technique has been verified by an implementation in a 0.6μm CMOS process. The gain-bandwidth product (GBW) is 3.6MHz under a capacitive load of 1nF. The slew rate is 2.6V/μs and the current consumption is 88μA which shows an improvement in IFOM L performance.
A Conjecture About Fermi-Bose Equivalence

This paper suggests that traditional fermi-bose quantum field theories (QFT) in 3+1-D, like the standard model of physics, may often be exactly equivalent to the limiting case of a family of bosonic QFT (BQFT) which generate soliton solutions and are "finite." They are "finite" in the sense of being well-defined mathematically even without regularization or renormalization, though the coupling coefficients would of course be so large that we must use nonperturbative methods for the analysis. Proof of this would open the door to a completely finite, well-defined unification of physics without a need to postulate additional unobserved dimensions of space-time. Axiomatic existence of the BQFT is discussed. Possible relevance to empirical QCD is noted briefly at the end.
Terrorists, Informants, and Buffoons: The Case for Downward Departure as a Response to Entrapment

The question of entrapment has received renewed attention as law enforcement stings have become more and more common in terrorism investigations. While even the judges on certain cases have become convinced that defendants were entrapped, the defense remains a universal failure. This Article suggests that the concept of entrapment remains valuable in the context of terrorism prosecutions, but that juries may not be relied upon to acquit entrapped defendants. A better solution would be extreme sentencing departures on the part of judges, which would protect the purposes of the entrapment doctrine while increasing the likelihood of its success. This Article first looks to the law and purposes of entrapment generally, then addresses the specific contours of entrapment in the context of terrorism investigations. Operational capacity of defendants is identified as a particularly telling aspect of the balancing of purposes in the entrapment doctrine. While this Article shows that operational capacity is already influencing sentencing, true protection of the interests at stake in the entrapment doctrine would be better protected by more severe downward departures, even below statutory minimum sentences.
Iron, Zinc and Copper Interactions: Chronic versus Acute Responses of Rats

Several methodologies were evaluated to study iron, zinc and copper interactions. In three studies, rats were fed diets containing adequate levels of iron (33-35 micrograms Fe/g diet) and zinc (15-25 micrograms Zn/g diet) and diets with excessive levels of zinc (2441-2470 micrograms Zn/g diet) or iron (1408-3042 micrograms Fe/g diet). Consumption of excess iron for several weeks or in one test meal did not alter tissue levels of zinc or apparent absorption of 65Zn. In contrast rats fed excess zinc throughout the three studies had depressed hematocrits and serum copper levels, apparently absorbed 59Fe less efficiently and retained less 59Fe in livers and tibias than control animals. Nutritional status with regard to iron or zinc, not just the intakes of iron and zinc, also influenced the interactions between zinc and iron. Rats fed excess iron for several weeks retained less 65Zn from a test meal in their tibias than rats fed excessive iron in only the test meal. Although chronic ingestion of excess zinc depressed apparent absorption of 59Fe from a test meal, the ingestion of one test meal with excess zinc did not. Investigators studying nutrient interactions should not rely solely on studies in which unadjusted humans or animals are given a single dose of test substances because acute responses do not reflect all the changes induced by chronic feeding.
High pressure Brillouin study of incommensurate rubidium zinc chloride

Abstract The pressure dependence of the longitudinal acoustic modes, corresponding to the elastic constants C22 and C33, and the transverse acoustic modes, corresponding to the elastic constants C44 and C66, of Rb2ZnCl4 have been studied using Brillouin scattering. The normal (N) to incommensurate (IC) transition is reflected in the pressure dependence of the C22 and C44 modes. We find that the step in the temperature dependence of the C66 mode at the N-IC transition increases with increasing pressure, indicating a stronger coupling of the corresponding strain to other excitations in the material.