cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The intestinal tuft cell nanostructure in 3D

Once referred to as “peculiar,” tuft cells are enigmatic epithelial cells. Here, we reasoned that future functional studies could be derived from a complete account of the tuft cell ultrastructure. We identified and documented the volumetric ultrastructure at nanometer resolution (4–5 nm/pixel) of specific intestinal tuft cells. The techniques used were Serial Block-Face (SBF) and Automated Tape-collecting Ultra-Microtome (ATUM) Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Our results exposed a short (~15 µm) basal cytoplasmic process devoid of secretory vesicles. Volume rendering of serial sections unveiled several thin cytospinules (~1 µm). These cytospinules project from the tuft cell into the nuclei of neighboring epithelial cells. Volume rendering also revealed within the tuft cell an elegant network of interconnected tubules. The network forms a passage from the base of the microvilli to the rough endoplasmic reticulum. Based on their location and microanatomy, the tuft cells’ cytospinules, and tubular network, might facilitate the exchange of molecular cargo with nuclei of neighboring cells, and the gut lumen.
The Distaff: A Physical Interface to Facilitate Interdisciplinary Collaborative Performance

This paper presents an interface designed for an interdisciplinary collaboration between a visual artist (known within this paper as a "visualist") and electronic musician. With the specific goal of enabling expressive real-time visual performance in conjunction with live electronic music, the interface draws from methodologies and design practices informing interaction design, HCI, and experimental music practices [7, 16, 20]. The affordances and general design techniques of the interface are described, and an initial reflection on the performative experience is presented, considering both the visualist's and musician's perspectives. What begins to emerge from this design experience is a core set of issues and values for performers working with media technology; the Distaff suggests ways we might approach such issues with expressivity, collaboration, and physical engagement in mind.
Effects of contaminants of emerging concern on Megaselia scalaris (Lowe, Diptera: Phoridae) and its microbial community

Drought, rising temperatures, and expanding human populations are increasing water demands. Many countries are extending potable water supplies by irrigating crops with wastewater. Unfortunately, wastewater contains biologically active, long-lived pharmaceuticals, even after treatment. Run-off from farms and wastewater treatment plant overflows contribute high concentrations of pharmaceuticals to the environment. This study assessed the effects of common pharmaceuticals on a cosmopolitan saprophagous insect, Megaselia scalaris (Diptera: Phoridae). Larvae were reared on artificial diets spiked with contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) at environmentally relevant concentrations. Female flies showed no oviposition preference for treated or untreated diets. Larvae exposed to caffeine in diets showed increased mortality, and larvae fed antibiotics and hormones showed signs of slowed development, especially in females. The normal sex ratio observed in M. scalaris from control diets was affected by exposure to caffeine and pharmaceutical mixture treatments. There was an overall effect of treatment on the flies' microbial communities; notably, caffeine fed insects displayed higher microbial variability. Eight bacterial families accounted for approximately 95% of the total microbes in diet and insects. Our results suggest that CECs at environmentally relevant concentrations can affect the biology and microbial communities of an insect of ecological and medical importance.
Cophenetic Median Trees Under the Manhattan Distance

Computing median trees from gene trees using path-difference metrics has provided several credible species tree estimates. Similar to these metrics is the cophenetic family of metrics that originates from a dendrogram comparison metric introduced more than 50 years ago. Despite the tradition and appeal of the cophenetic metrics, the problem of computing median trees under this family of metrics has not been analyzed. Like other standard median tree problems relevant in practice, as we show here, this problem is also NP-hard. NP-hard median tree problems have been successfully addressed by local search heuristics that are solving thousands of instances of a corresponding local search problem. For the local search problem under a cophenetic metric the best known (naive) algorithm has a time complexity that is typically prohibitive for effective heuristic searches. Focusing on the Manhattan norm (Manhattan cophenetic metric), we describe an efficient algorithm for this problem that improves on the naive solution by a factor of n, where n is the size of the input trees. We demonstrate the performance of our local search algorithm in a comparative study using published empirical data sets.
Gammaherpesvirus is nothing to sneeze at

Gammaherpesvirus protects against allergic asthma by inducing the replacement of alveolar macrophages.
Regulation of Body Temperature by the Nervous System

The regulation of body temperature is one of the most critical functions of the nervous system. Here we review our current understanding of thermoregulation in mammals. We outline the molecules and cells that measure body temperature in the periphery, the neural pathways that communicate this information to the brain, and the central circuits that coordinate the homeostatic response. We also discuss some of the key unresolved issues in this field, including the following: the role of temperature sensing in the brain, the molecular identity of the warm sensor, the central representation of the labeled line for cold, and the neural substrates of thermoregulatory behavior. We suggest that approaches for molecularly defined circuit analysis will provide new insight into these topics in the near future.
The in vivo differentiation of human leukocytes into histiocytes, fibroblasts and fat cells in subcutaneous diffusion chambers.

Normal human leukocytes were cultivated in millipore diffusion chambers which had been implanted subcutaneously in autologous and homologous subjects. The observations were made over periods of a few days to six weeks. It was found that mature granulocytes underwent disintegration within one to two weeks. Mononuclear leukocytes underwent differentiation into macrophages and "polyblasts" within a few days and by three weeks had assumed the morphologic appearance characteristic of histiocytes and fibroblast-like cells. By four to six weeks extensive fibroblastic proliferation and marked collagen formation was found. In several chambers numerous fat cells were seen. These in vivo studies demonstrate the mesenchymal potential for differentiation possessed by circulating mononuclear leukocytes of adult blood.
Heavy flavor and dark sector

We consider some contributions to rare processes in B meson decays from a dark sector containing two light unstable scalars, with large couplings to each other and small mixings with Standard Model Higgs scalars. We show that existing constraints allow for an exotic contribution to high multiplicity final states with a branching fraction as large as $\mathcal{O}({10}^{\ensuremath{-}4})$ and that exotic particles could appear as narrow resonances or long lived particles which are mainly found in high multiplicity final states from B decays.
Will the Recovered Economy Still be a New Economy

I am delighted to be part of this lively and timely conference. The Atlanta Fed and Georgia State University are to be commended for putting together such a solid, exciting program. We heard a lot of high-quality analysis this morning—with plenty of numbers—and I expect more this afternoon. The job of the luncheon speaker is not to ruin your digestion with more numbers, but to be a bit more expansive. So I will try to put the questions of technology, productivity, and labor markets into a larger context and speculate about the future. Now that I am no longer at the Fed, I can speculate more freely and not worry about being misquoted or moving the markets.
HPC Opens a New Frontier in Fuel-Engine Research

An industry-led research team at the US Department of Energys Argonne National Laboratory recently conducted a computationally guided combustion system optimization on the IBM Blue Gene/Q Mira supercomputer. The team used a high-fidelity simulation approach to optimize the fuel spray and combustion bowl geometry of a heavy-duty diesel engine using a gasoline-like fuel. The accelerated simulation time allowed the team to evaluate an unprecedented number of design variations and improve the production design using a new fuel.
A metaphysics for practical knowledge

Is Anscombean practical knowledge independent of what the agent actually does on an occasion? Failure to understand Anscombe’s answer to this question is a major obstacle to appreciating the subtlety and plausibility of her view. I argue that Anscombe’s answer is negative, and turns on the nature of mistakes in performance, and reveals a distinctive implicit metaphysics of mind and knowledge, structured by related capacities and exercises of capacities. If my interpretation is correct, then practical knowledge shares features with knowledge-how and knowledge-that, but deserves its own epistemic category.
Troping in Italian Gardens: Descartes, Wallis, La Hire, Gassendi

Greek mathematics discerns and pursues analogies between number and figure, but stops short of equating them. The relation between number and figure is simile, not metaphor. We have seen that the introduction of the algebraic equation as a middle term between arithmetic and geometry opens up new possibilities: What might numbers become if they had the continuity of the line? What might figures become if they were understood as functions correlating numbers, and if the plane or three dimensional space were organized by axes and their points specified by pairs, or triples, of numbers? How would that change our understanding of the relation between figure and space?
Blockade with Methadone

Methadone maintenance, after 6 years of clinical trial, has a demonstrated place in treatment of heroin addicts. Detailed records of all the patients admitted to methadone programs in New York City provide a large amount of supporting data.(1) With the confirmatory findings of programs in other cities,(2) the uses and limitations of this treatment are now fairly well defined.
Dual-Loop-Controlled Coupled-Inductor Buck Converter in Low-Power Applications

Coupled-inductor buck converters are more effective in high step-down applications compared to conventional buck converters given the same circuit complexity. A coupled-inductor buck converter can adopt synchronous conduction mode to fully mitigate turn-on loss and operate at high frequency. However, this typically induces large circulating currents and harms the converter's light-load efficiency. To alleviate these issues, this paper analyzes the mechanisms behind synchronous conduction mode and then proposes a dual-loop control method solution. The variable-frequency outer loop of the proposed control minimizes conduction and deadtime loss, while the voltage-mode-controlled inner loop provides the necessary output voltage regulation. Experiments are conducted with a compact prototype converter using switching frequencies higher than 2 MHz, and the prototype is verified under load transients to validate both control loops. The results show that the light-load efficiency can be boosted by more than 8%.
Nonlinear Analysis of Visually Normal EEGs to Differentiate Benign Childhood Epilepsy with Centrotemporal Spikes (BECTS)

Childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes, previously known as Benign Epilepsy with Centro-temporal Spikes (BECTS) or Rolandic Epilepsy, is one of the most common forms of focal childhood epilepsy. Despite its prevalence, BECTS is often misdiagnosed or missed entirely. This is in part due to the nocturnal and brief nature of the seizures, making it difficult to identify during a routine electroencephalogram (EEG). Detecting brain activity that is highly associated with BECTS on a brief, awake EEG has the potential to improve diagnostic screening for BECTS and predict clinical outcomes. For this study, 31 patients with BECTS were retrospectively selected from the BCH Epilepsy Center database along with a contrast group of 31 patients in the database who had no form of epilepsy and a normal EEG based on a clinical chart review. Nonlinear features, including multiscale entropy and recurrence quantitative analysis, were computed from 30-second segments of awake EEG signals. Differences were found between these multiscale nonlinear measures in the two groups at all sensor locations, while visual EEG inspection by a board-certified child neurologist did not reveal any distinguishing features. Moreover, a quantitative difference in the nonlinear measures (sample entropy, trapping time and the Lyapunov exponents) was found in the centrotemporal region of the brain, the area associated with a greater tendency to have unprovoked seizures, versus the rest of the brain in the BECTS patients. This difference was not present in the contrast group. As a result, the epileptic zone in the BECTS patients appears to exhibit lower complexity, and these nonlinear measures may potentially serve as a clinical screening tool for BECTS, if replicated in a larger study population.
The influence of arthroscopy on the classification and treatment of tibial plateau fractures

Abstract Introduction Arthroscopically-assisted reduction and percutaneous fixation of tibial plateau fractures is associated with fewer adverse events, better knee motion, and better Rasmussen functional scores compared to open reduction internal fixation in a number of non-randomized studies. The purpose of this study was to measure the influence of arthroscopy on the interobserver reliability in classification, treatment, and evaluation of intra-articular pathology and fracture reduction for fractures of the tibial plateau. Methods Surgeons were invited to participate in this online survey study. Surgeons were randomized at a 1:1 ratio to review eight cases of patients with tibial plateau fractures with either 1) knee radiographs alone or 2) radiographs and arthroscopic images. Multirater kappa was used to assess chance-corrected interobserver agreement. Results There was no difference in interobserver agreement between groups for classification, treatment choice, determination of intra-articular pathology, or evaluation of fracture reduction. Conclusions Arthroscopy may not influence classification, treatment choice, diagnosis of intra-articular pathology, or quality of fracture reduction. Future studies will be necessary to determine if arthroscopic-assisted fixation of tibial plateau fractures is generalizable to surgeons of different training backgrounds.
Identification of Parameters for Large-scale Kinetic Models

Abstract Numerical method for the inverse problem on the identification of parameters for large-scale systems of nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) arising in systems biology is introduced. The method combines Pontryagin optimization or Bellman's quasilinearization with sensitivity analysis and Tikhonov regularization. Embedding a method of staggered corrector for sensitivity analysis and by enhancing multi-objective optimization enables application of the method to large-scale models with practically non-identifiable parameters based on multiple data sets, possibly with partial and noisy measurements. The method is tested in two canonical benchmark models, such as three-step pathway modeled by 8 nonlinear ODEs with 36 unknown and two control input parameters, and a model of central carbon metabolism of Escherichia coli described by a system of 18 linear ODEs with 116 unknown parameters. The numerical results demonstrate superlinear convergence with a minimum data sets and with minimum measurements per data set, and possibly with partial and noisy measurements. Software package qlopt is developed and posted in GitHub. MATLAB package AMIGO2 is used to demonstrate advantage of qlopt over most popular methods/software such as lsqnonlin, fmincon and nl2sol.
Information Technology Investment Decisions Under Asymmetric Information: A Modified Rational Expectation Model

In this paper, we propose that information technology (IT) managers make investment decisions about new IT initiatives based on a modified rational expectation model. Unlike traditional rational expectation models, we emphasize the relevance of market uncertainty and its impact on the return of new IT investment. This results in information acquisition decisions by managers that can cause information asymmetry. This information asymmetry is endogenous and so the IT manager can become well informed if and only if it is beneficial to do so. We also capture different levels of IT investment across managers by introducing heterogeneity across managers in terms of different levels of initial capital. Based on a simulation analysis to validate our theoretical model, we find that it is the IT manager with larger initial capital outlay who is particularly interested in acquiring information about their IT investments in order to reduce any asymmetry with competitors. Furthermore, we find that holding other things constant, fewer IT investors are informed when information cost increases and in consequence the difference of investment level between the informed and uninformed investors is more pronounced.
Genetics, not the uterine environment, drive the formation of trophoblast inclusions: Insights from a twin study

Abstract Introduction Trophoblast inclusions (TIs) are associated with aneuploidy and pregnancy loss and have thus been considered to be a marker of genetic abnormality. However, to date, no study has specifically explored whether TIs are a manifestation of fetal genetics or, rather, the result of the intrauterine environment. The goal of this study was to compare the frequency of TIs in the placentas of monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs in order to determine whether the formation of TIs is genetically driven or not. Methods We performed a retrospective case series of placentas from 48 twin pairs. The placentas were grouped based on zygosity: MZ, DZ, or unknown (UZ). The average number of total TIs per slide was calculated for each twin individual and the mean absolute difference in the total TIs per slide between the twin pairs was calculated for each zygosity group and compared. Results The mean difference in the total TIs per slide for DZ twins was significantly greater than the mean difference in the total TIs per slide for MZ twins (p = 0.003). The mean difference in the total TIs per slide for the UZ group was also significantly greater than the mean difference in total TIs per slide between MZ twin pairs (p = 0.028). Discussion Our finding that MZ twins were significantly more concordant than DZ twins for the average number of TIs per slide supports the conclusion that TIs are intrinsic to the genetics of the fetus, not the uterine environment.
Abstract P283: CCL5 Acts As A Vasoconstrictor On Penetrating Arterioles In The Cerebral Circulation By Enhancing 20-HETE Activity

20-HETE is synthesized from arachidonic acid by cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes 4A and 4F. Inactivating mutations in the CYP enzymes that produce 20-HETE are associated with hypertension and stroke i...
Refraining from use diminishes cannabis-associated epigenetic changes in human sperm

Cannabis use alters sperm DNA methylation, but the potential reversibility of these changes is unknown. Semen samples from cannabis users and non-user controls were collected at baseline and again following a 77-day period of cannabis abstinence (one spermatogenic cycle). Users and controls did not significantly differ by demographics or semen analyses. Whole-genome bisulfite sequencing identified 163 CpG sites with significantly different DNA methylation in sperm between groups (P < 2.94 × 10-9). Genes associated with altered CpG sites were enriched with those involved in development, including cardiogenesis and neurodevelopment. Many of the differences in sperm DNA methylation between groups were diminished after cannabis abstinence. These results indicate that sustained cannabis abstinence significantly reduces the number of sperm showing cannabis-associated alterations at genes important for early development.
From peril to promise? Local mitigation and adaptation policy decisions after extreme weather

Exposure to extreme weather — the frequency and severity of which has been linked to the climate crisis — has been posited to yield local climate change mitigation and adaptation policy. Here, we outline lessons from a nascent, but growing, literature focused on local policymaking in the wake of extreme weather events. Recent research shows that exposure often yields local adaptation policy, but mitigation is rare. Moreover, while policy change is conditional on event characteristics and local contextual factors, there is no clear formula for local policy action. We call for a more robust theoretical framework and analysis of key combinations of event characteristics, contextual factors and mechanisms. We also recommend attending to the quality of local policy decisions in the spirit of Dietz’s criteria for environmental decision-making.
Rapid methods for the detection of foodborne pathogens: Current and next-generation technologies.

The history of biotechnology reveals that scientific discoveries lead to technological advances and these are usually followed by a phase of research and development to find applications for the technologies. The authors are currently in another application phase, where new technologies such as real-time PCR (rtPCR), DNA microarrays, and biosensors are providing very sophisticated tools for use in diagnostics. This chapter therefore includes discussions on these "next-generation technologies," which will have an impact on the way one can test for pathogens and toxins in foods. All identification assays require a pure culture of the unknown bacteria, which is then identified most often by its biochemical characteristics. It is a lengthy, labor-intensive, and media-consuming process. The introduction of miniaturized biochemical kits, which provide a quick biochemical profile of bacteria at a great savings in cost, labor, and time, has simplified the process of bacterial identification and continues to be important in regulatory testing of foods. Many of the new methods use next-generation technologies such as rtPCR, biosensors, and DNA chips, which may be more rapid, more sensitive, and capable of multitarget testing and hence are well suited for use in screening large numbers of samples in compliance or food security surveillance programs. Furthermore, comparative evaluation by with standard methods or validation of rapid methods is critical to document their efficacy in detecting foodborne pathogens and toxins.
Landau pole in the pyramid scheme

We revisit the problem of the hidden sector Landau pole in the pyramid scheme. There is a fixed line in the plane of hidden sector gauge coupling and Yukawa couplings between the trianon fields. We postulate that the couplings flow to this line, at a point where the hidden sector gauge coupling is close to the strong coupling edge of its perturbative regime. Below the masses of the heavier trianons, the model quickly flows to a confining ${N}_{F}={N}_{C}=3$ supersymmetric gauge theory, as required by phenomenological considerations. We study possible discrete $R$ symmetries, which guarantee, among other things, that the basin of attraction of the fixed line has full codimension in the space of $R$-allowed couplings. The Yukawa couplings required to get the fixed line violate the pyrma-baryon symmetries we invoked in previous work to find a dark matter candidate. Omitting one of them, we have a dark matter candidate, and an acceptable renormalization group flow down from the unification scale, if the confinement scale of the hidden sector group is lowered from 5 to 2 TeV. However, we cannot find anomaly-free symmetries, which guarantee a set of pyrma-baryon violating couplings that eliminate the Landau pole, but do not allow a supersymmetry preserving vacuum of the model. We can do this with only one pyrma-baryon violating coupling, but this lowers the confinement scale to 900 GeV, which may already be ruled out due to light hidden sector baryons.
A fluid flow analysis for convective thermal control of flight experiments

A method for thermally analyzing convectively cooled flight experiments is presented. A three-dimensional fluid flow analysis code is used to optimize air circulation patterns and to predict air velocities in thermally critical areas. The analysis results are compared with the performance characteristics of a typical isothermal free jet, and good agreement is found between velocity profiles and radial distributions for downstream flow mixing. Predicted air velocities from the fluid analysis are used to calculate forced convection coefficients for the flight experiment, and the coefficients are used in a finite difference thermal analysis code to describe the response of air temperature and heat loss for the Lidar Atmospheric Sensing Experiment during transient flight profiles. Recommendations are made for the future design of convectively cooled flight experiments.
Proline Excretion and Indirect Suppression in Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium

Abstract The last step in proline biosynthesis in Escherichia coli K-12, Salmonella typhimurium LT7, and a number of other enterobacterial isolates is regulated so that no proline is excreted, even if excess Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate, the immediate precursor of proline, is added to a culture. In proline auxotrophs blocked at an early step in proline biosynthesis (proA or proB), reversion to prototrophy is often due to a mutation in the arginine pathway which diverts N-acetyl glutamate γ-semialdehyde to proline synthesis, thus bypassing the proA or proB block. In such double mutants (proAB, argD), the last step in proline synthesis appears to be unregulated, since proline is excreted. Feedback inhibition and repression of the arginine pathway overcomes indirect suppression (restoring the Pro− phenotype), but proline regulation is not restored; double mutants still excrete proline when fed Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate exogeneously. A new class of proline analogue-resistant mutant, due to mutation at argD, is also described.
The Scientific World View, Information Technology, and Science Education: Closing the Gap Between Knowledge-Generation and Knowledge-Consumption

Scholars of science and society have documented a rising public discontent with the scientific enterprise. Low scientific literacy, and an almost instinctive mistrust of scientists and the scientific enterprise, dominate current public discourse about science-intensive matters. Ironically, this disillusionment has come at a time when the ability of scientific discoveries to inform the human condition has perhaps never been greater. New information technologies, including those for accessing data, interacting with data, and communicating with other people through space and time, may offer new pathways for bridging the large gaps that lie between the frontiers of science, students and laypeople. Examples of recent scientific discoveries that exemplify aspects of the “scientific world view” are reviewed, and traditional classroom pedagogy is examined in light of the habits of mind these discoveries embody. Finally, specific information technologies and model projects are reviewed. This review reveals both promise and challenges: while information technologies may foster new modes of teaching and learning, they also demand new forms of interaction among scientists, teachers, and technology/software developers, for which there are both few systemic incentives and a largely incomplete theoretical foundation.
The active form of the KorB protein encoded by the Streptomyces plasmid pIJ101 is a processed product that binds differentially to the two promoters it regulates.

The korB gene of Streptomyces lividans plasmid pIJ101 is known to encode an autoregulated protein that also represses transcription of a gene, kilB, implicated in pIJ101 transfer and in spreading of the plasmid along mycelia of the recipient. Earlier work has indicated that the primary gene product of korB is a 10-kDa protein predicted from the gene sequence (D.S. Stein and S.N. Cohen, Mol. Gen. Genet. 222:337-344, 1990; S. Zamen H. Richards, and J. Ward, Nuleic Acids Res. 20:3693-3700, 1992). We report here that the 10-kDa KorB protein product is processed in vivo into a 6-kDa peptide that has a 20-fold-greater binding affinity for its operator-promoter target; in addition, the 6-kDa peptide binds differentially to the regulatory regions of the two genes it controls, showing 50-fold-greater affinity for the kilB sequence. While both the processed and unprocessed forms of KorB were observed in Escherichia coli following korB gene expression under control of the bacteriophage T7 promoter, only the 6-kDa peptide was found in S. lividans containing pIJ101, implying that this peptide is normally the biologically active form of KorB. The footprint resulting from KorB binding to the korB operator sequence overlaps the sti locus, which affects pIJ101 copy number and incompatibility as well as the size of zones of inhibited recipient cell growth ("pocks") that form around donor cells during mating. The observed ability of the korB gene product to interact with both sti sequences and the kilB promoter region suggests that it may have a role in coordinating the replication and intramycelial spread of plasmids during and/or following bacterial mating. Images
New taxa of Cryphocricinae (Heteroptera: Naucoridae) from the Guiana Shield: Hygropetrocoris Sites, n. gen. and two new species of Ambrysus Stål.

A new genus and species of Naucoridae are described from two male specimens that inhabited an algae-covered granite rock seep in Guyana. Hygropetrocoris Sites NEW GENUS is diagnosed by a nearly vertical and apparently freely movable head, bulbous eyes, hair lines and hair patches on the hemelytra, profemur with anterior excavation that can receive a prominent tooth on the opposable protibia, and stout marginal tufts of setae on the pronotum, embolium, and connexiva. H. guyana Sites NEW SPECIES is further diagnosed by pseudoparameres that are wide, black, directed posterolaterally, and bluntly produced laterally. Character states of this genus are compared with those of the other genera of Cryphocricinae. Two new species of Ambrysus Stal from the region also are described. Ambrysus brunneus Sites NEW SPECIES is described from a single female specimen and diagnosed by a digitate lobe on laterosternite VI, shape of the subgenital plate, and concolorous dark brown dorsal coloration; Ambrysus shorti Sites NEW SPECIES is described from a single male specimen and diagnosed by its small size, narrow body form, and tentacular setae of the parameres.
Baselining network traffic and online faults detection

This paper addresses the problem of normal operation baselining for automatic detection of network anomalies. A model of network traffic is presented in which studied variables are viewed as sampled from finite mixture model. Based on the stochastic approximation of the maximum likelihood function, we propose baselining network normal operation, using the asymptotic distribution of the difference between successive estimates of model parameters. The baseline random variable is shown to be stationary, with mean zero under normal operation. Anomalous events are shown to induce an abrupt jump in the mean. Detection is formulated as an online change point problem, where the task is to process the baseline random variable realizations, sequentially, and raise alarms as soon as anomalies occur. An analytical expression of false alarm rate allows us to choose the design threshold, automatically. Extensive experimental results on a real network showed that our monitoring agent is able to detect unusual changes in the characteristics of network traffic, adapt to diurnal traffic patterns, while maintaining a low alarm rate. Despite large fluctuations in network traffic, this work proves that tailoring traffic modeling to specific goals can be efficiently achieved.
HEARTBEAT RHYTHM AND MATERNAL BEHAVIOR.

Salk (1961) recently reported investigations indicating that the human infant may become "imprinted" onto the mother through the effect of hearing (or perceiving the vibratory effect of) the maternal heartbeat. He demonstrated the superior tranquillizing effect of recorded heartbeat sounds over other rhythmic sounds and also reported that a significantly larger number of mothers (leftand right-handed) held their infants to the left of the midline. This, he hypothesized, increased the exposure of the infant to the heartbeat rhythm. Thus the infant has further reinforcement of the heartbeat sound in association with a tranquil (desirable) feeding state. In this position he is in a condition for maximum generalization from the heartbeat to other attributes of the mother. Salk (1961) further postulated that the determinant for the mother to hold the infant to the left of the midline is her own "imprinted" need to seek reinforcement of her heartbeat rhythm in holding the infant. The infant thus becomes a sounding board, magnifying the intensity of the mother's heartbeat. In order to test the validity of the last postulate we proposed the following: if the mother is imprinted to her heartbeat as a "pleasure-
Development of a Finite Element Model for Simulation of Rollover Crashes

Rollover crashes are complex by their very nature, and have stimulated many researches aimed at improved occupant safety. In order to investigate the vehicle crashworthiness during rollovers, several test modes are generally used to replicate different real world rollover scenarios. However, such tests are very expensive, especially during the development stage of a new car line. Computer modeling is a cost-effective way to study rollover crashes. However, a survey of literature showed that only rigid-body dynamics based models have been used for rollover simulations. It is well known that this class of models cannot be used to simulate component deformation and structural collapses. Finite element (FE) method, which has been widely used to simulate frontal and side crashes, was rarely used for simulating rollover crashes, due mainly to the relative long duration of a rollover crash. The objective of this study was to develop an FE model for investigating vehicle crashworthiness during three commonly used rollover tests. An FE model of an SUV was developed in this study. Several sub-models, namely the vehicle structure sub-model, the tire sub-model, the suspension system sub-model, the restraint system sub-model, and the dummy model were generated and integrated together. The structure model was first used to simulate the roof crush test as prescribed in FMVSS 216. The resulting load versus roof crush curve matched well against test results. The integrated model was then used to simulate three laboratory-based rollover test modes, namely the SAE J2114 dolly test, curb-trip test, and corkscrew test. For each test mode, up to 1.5 seconds of simulation time (about 1 full vehicle roll) were computed. The vehicle kinematics, including the angular velocity, lateral acceleration, and vertical acceleration during these three test modes were computed and compared with experimental data. The simulated dummy head accelerations, timing and location of the most severe impact to the dummy’s head were also compared with the experimental results. Results showed very good agreement between the tests and simulations. In order to reduce the computational time, multiple CPUs were used. Approximately ten hours were required to run a 1.5 second rollover simulation on eight CPUs. Thus, simulating rollovers using FE method is quickly becoming a reality.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
Short-range impurity in the vicinity of a saddle point and the levitation of the two-dimensional delocalized states in a magnetic field

The effect of a short-range impurity on the transmission through a saddle-point potential for an electron, moving in a strong magnetic field, is studied. It is demonstrated that for a random position of an impurity and random sign of its potential, the impurity-induced mixing of the Landau levels diminishes on average the transmission coefficient. This results in an upward shift (levitation) of the energy position of the delocalized state in a smooth potential. The magnitude of the shift is estimated. It increases with decreasing magnetic field B as ${\mathit{B}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}4}$. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Homozygous reciprocal translocation as a mode of speciation in Microgale Thomas 1883(Tenrecidae-Insectivora).

Deux especes d'insectivores,Microgale dobsoni etM. talazaci, ont le meme nombre de chromosomes, 2n=30. Leurs caryotypes respectifs presentent des differences portant sur 2 pairs d'autosomes. Une translocation reciproque, devenue homocygote, permet d'expliquer ces differences. On peut concevoir que la speciation est alors intervenue a la suite d'effets de position, de la sterilite des hybrides et de la preference des porteurs de formules chromosomiques differentes pour telle ou telle «niche» ecologique.
Fluorescence Line-Narrowing Study of Eu3+-Doped Sol−Gel Silica: Effect of Modifying Cations on the Clustering of Eu3+

Fluorescence line-narrowing spectroscopy is used to characterize the effect of metal cation codopants (Sr2+, La3+, Gd3+, Y3+, Lu3+, Sc3+, and Ga3+) on the state of aggregation of Eu3+ in sol−gel silica. Significant Eu3+ clustering occurs in samples doped only with Eu3+. The addition of codopants inhibits the clustering of Eu3+ and promotes better dispersion of Eu3+ in the glasses. The extent of the inhibition of clustering increases with field strength of the codopant and levels off at high field strength. The inhibition of clustering is correlated with the generation of strong crystal field bonding sites for Eu3+ in the presence of codopants. Characteristics of these sites include the presence of Eu−O−M (M = codopant) linkages and stronger interactions with the network-forming regions of the glass. Supporting luminescence decay and Raman spectroscopy measurements are also presented.
Cognitive therapy for anxious depression in STAR⁎D: What have we learned?

Abstract Background Anxious depression, defined as MDD with high levels of anxiety symptoms, has been associated with lower rates of antidepressant response and remission as well as greater chronicity, suicidality and antidepressant side-effect burden. The primary aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of cognitive therapy (CT) alone or in combination with medications for anxious versus non-anxious depression. Methods We assessed the STAR⁎D study participants who were partial or non-responders to citalopram. Subjects were then either switched (n=696) to a new antidepressant or to CT alone, or they were kept on citalopram and augmented (n=577) with another antidepressant or CT. We compared response and remission rates, across treatment conditions, between those who met criteria for anxious depression and those who did not. Results Those with anxious depression had significantly lower remission rates based on the QIDS, whether assigned to switch or augmentation, compared to those with non-anxious depression. Those with anxious depression, compared to those without, had significantly lower response rates based on the QIDS only in the switch group. There was no significant interaction between anxious depression and treatment assignment. Limitations Limitations include the use of citalopram as the only Level 1 pharmacotherapy and medication augmentation option, the relatively small size of the CT arms, use of depression-focused CT rather than anxiety-focused CT, and focus on acute treatment outcomes. Conclusions Individuals with anxious depression appear to experience higher risk of poorer outcome following pharmacotherapy and/or CT after an initial course of citalopram and continued efforts to target this challenging form of depression are needed.
Optimal Harvesting with Both Population and Price Dynamics

We consider the effects of large inflationary price fluctuations on the computed optimal harvest strategy for a randomized Schaefer model. Both prices and population sizes are assumed random with both background (Wiener) and jump (Poisson) components. Population fluctuations are assumed to be density independent, i.e., relative changes are independent of population size. Stochastic dynamic programming is employed to find the optimal harvesting effort and economic return for a realistic set of bioeconomic data for Pacific halibut. It is found that inflationary effects have a pronounced influence on the optimal return, even in a hazardous or disastrous environment. However, optimal harvesting effort levels are much less sensitive to inflationary effects.
Magnetic resonance imaging in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Abstract Gated magnetic resonance Imaging (MRI) was performed using a 0.35-Tesla cryogenic system in 14 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HC) in order to define the site and extent of abnormal wall thickness. These studies were compared with 2-dimenslonal (2-D) echocardiograms. Gated magnetic resonance imaging studies in 12 normal volunteers were used for comparison. In normal subjects and In patients with HC, the sharp demarcation of the myocardial wall permitted measurement of wall thickness. The thickness of the septal and posterolateral walls in normal subjects was 10.2 ± 0.4 mm (± standard deviation) and 10.8 ± 0.5 mm, respectively, whereas septal thickness in all but 1 patient with HC was 15.0 mm or greater. In patients with HC, septal and posterolateral wall thicknesses were 2.2 ± 0.8 cm and 1.3 ± 0.17 cm, respectively, by MRI. The 2-D echocardiographic measurements for septal and posterolateral walls were 2.4 ± 0.6 cm and 1.4 ± 0.7 cm, respectively. The severity and distribution of abnormal wall thickness were comparable on 2-D echo and MRI. Gated MRI is an effective and completely noninvasive technique for demonstrating the presence, site and extent of abnormal wall thickness in HC. The large field of view, ability to image directly in multiple planes, and discrete blood-endocardial interfaces are advantages for cardiovascular imaging.
USE OF REPEAT SEXTANT AND TRANSITION ZONE BIOPSIES FOR ASSESSING EXTENT OF PROSTATE CANCER

AbstractPurpose: Little is known why certain prostate cancers are missed on biopsy. In patients with a needle biopsy diagnosis of cancer it is also unknown whether repeat needle biopsy provides useful information to predict extent of disease.Materials and Methods: In the pathology laboratory we performed sextant and transition zone needle biopsies on 193 radical prostatectomy specimens from men with nonpalpable cancer detected on needle biopsy (stage T1c) using an 18 gauge biopsy gun. Radical prostatectomy specimens were then serially sectioned, totally embedded, mapped and staged.Results: The transition zone biopsy by itself was positive in only 2.1% of cases, demonstrating the lack of usefulness for this particular biopsy. Despite cancer on preoperative needle biopsy in all cases, 31% showed no cancer on repeat sextant transition zone biopsy. In a multivariate analysis (variables included radical prostatectomy tumor volume, radical prostatectomy tumor location, prostate gland size and radical prostatect...
Psychological components of effort sense.

The perception of effort is multidimensional and it is governed by many physiological, psychological, and experiential factors. This paper deals with a discussion of selected psychological states and traits that are known to be correlated with the expression of effort sense. It has been shown that anxiety, somatic perception, depression, and neuroticism are associated with perceived exertion. Extroversion has been found to be inversely correlated with perceived exertion, and positively correlated with preferred exercise intensity. These empirical findings are congruent with theoretical expectations in each case. It has also been found that perception of effort can be increased and decreased in a systematic manner with various psychological interventions such as hypnotic suggestion, dissociative cognitive strategies, and imagery. Changes in effort sense can also be systematically modified by titrating exercise volume (e.g., overtraining, tapering), and this exercise-induced alteration in perception covaries with affective changes. The research reviewed in this paper supports the conclusion that effort sense is best conceptualized as a complex psychobiological construct as originally proposed by Borg three decades ago.
Observations on a histaminase of invertebrate origin: A contribution to the study of cephalopod amine oxidases

Abstract 1. 1. The amine oxidase of the renal appendages, pancreas and optic ganglia of Eledone cirrhosa on histamine, ω-N-methylhistamine and a variety of monoamines. Short-chain aliphatic diamines, e.g. putrescine and cadaverine, were not substrates. 2. 2. The oxidation of histamine by these tissues proceeded unchanged in the presence of 10−2 M semicarbazide. 3. 3. The Km of the enzyme present in the renal appendages toward histamine was 6·25 × 10−2. 4. 4. The monocationic form of histamine was oxidized relatively more rapidly than the dicationic form by the amine oxidase of the renal appendages and pancreas.
Modeling of common load components in power system based on dynamic simulation experiments

The subject of load modeling for bulk power system dynamic simulations has been received increasing attention in the past decades. The characteristics and models of the common load components are foundations to construct the accurate composite load models for power system dynamic stability studies. The power system common used load components, the load classes and the main load components in power system are introduced firstly. Then, the common used static load components, such as incandescent, fluorescent, sodium lamp, LCD, desktop pc, notebook, electromagnetic oven, microwave oven, electronic oven and auto rice cooker, are modeled based on dynamic simulation experiments. In order to ensure these models to be precise to simulate the actual dynamic responses of load components, large disturbance tests are adopted to validate these models. Comparisons of the proposed models and the typical models cited from influential references for common load components are done to justify the necessary of this work.
Automatic instruction scheduler retargeting by reverse-engineering

In order to generate high-quality code for modern processors, a compiler must aggressively schedule instructions, maximizing resource utilization for execution efficiency. For a compiler to produce such code, it must avoid structural hazards by being aware of the processor's available resources and of how these resources are utilized by each instruction. Unfortunately, the most prevalent approach to constructing such a scheduler, manually discovering and specifying this information, is both tedious and error-prone. This paper presents a new approach which, when given a processor or processor model, automatically determines this information. After establishing that the problem of perfectly determining a processor's structural hazards through probing is not solvable, this paper proposes a heuristic algorithm that discovers most of this information in practice. This can be used either to alleviate the problems associated with manual creation or to verify an existing specification. Scheduling with these automatically derived structural hazards yields almost all of the performance gain achieved using perfect hazard information.