cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Enhancing hemotherapy safety through pertinent diagnostic testing and electronic "provisional diagnosis" reporting: expanding roles for blood bank technologists in biovigilance and patient safety.

Background Suspected transfusion reaction (STR) investigations are foundational for biovigilance. Diagnostic evaluations performed by blood banks may prolong turnaround times (TATs) for final STR results reporting. We identified a quality improvement opportunity using diagnostic testing reflex algorithms and our hospital's patient electronic health record to enhance TATs regarding one aspect of STR results reporting. Study design and methods We conducted a descriptive quality improvement study of reported STR cases investigated by our hospital's blood bank from March 1, 2014, to December 31, 2016, using data obtained from consult reports/quality improvement databases examining the number and types of diagnostic algorithm reflex activations performed and the TATs for an electronic provisional diagnosis reporting (PDXR) related to them. Results A total of 461 STR events occurred during the study interval, of which 150 involved no reflex testing. In the remainder of cases (n = 311), a total of 448 reflex activations occurred. In those cases in which PDXR occurred (n = 446), the median PDXR TAT during the first month of implementation was 325 minutes, which progressively decreased to 70 minutes or less approximately 1 year after implementation. By the last quarter of 2015, median TATs were 60 minutes or less in length, where they remained for the duration of the study. Conclusion Technologists using targeted diagnostic reflex arcs to expedite laboratory testing along with STR electronic PDXR improve communication and timely results/information dissemination, potentially aiding bedside hemotherapy-related clinical decision making.
Frequency of unplanned surgery in patients with stage IV colorectal cancer receiving palliative chemotherapy with an intact primary: An analysis of SEER-Medicare.

Background and objectives Stage IV colorectal cancer is often treated with palliative chemotherapy with the primary tumor in place. Low rates of unplanned surgical intervention (due to obstruction or perforation) have been reported. We examined a large national dataset to determine the rate of unplanned surgical intervention in these patients. Methods Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results-Medicare were queried for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer receiving chemotherapy (1998-2013). Patient who underwent planned surgery to the primary or metastasectomy were excluded. The primary outcome was the need for nonelective surgery. Time to surgery or death was measured. Conditional analyses were performed to determine the risk of surgical intervention at 6-month, 1-, and 2-year after diagnosis. Results The analytic cohort consisted of 4692 patients (median age = 75). At 24 months, 80% of the patients had died. The overall unplanned intervention rate was 12%. The probability of requiring unplanned surgery between 6 and 12 months was 8.1%; 12 and 24 months = 6.7%, and >24 months = 5.3%. Males, those with right-sided tumors, and older patients were less likely to require surgery. Conclusions Patients treated with palliative chemotherapy who are not resected upfront are unlikely to require unplanned surgery. Prophylactic surgery to reduce the risk of perforation or obstruction may not be necessary.
The Arc of Reform?: What the Era of Prohibition May Tell Us About the Future of Immigration Reform

This piece develops an observation made by Kevin Johnson (Dean, U.C. Davis School of Law and Immigration Law scholar) that current U.S. policy concerning undocumented immigration is reminiscent of the era of Prohibition. In his book Opening the Floodgate: Why America Needs to Rethink Its Borders and Immigration Laws, 176-79 (2010), Dean Johnson briefly draws a parallel showing how unenforceable laws produce negative consequences such as increased criminalization, excesses by law enforcement officers, and tremendous backlogs in courts. I look back at the history of Prohibition and identify how the movement for a national ban on alcohol found common cause with the nativist movement that produced the first overall quotas on immigration. It was the establishment of quotas and restrictions on visas that generated the legal possibility of a significant number of people in the country who are “illegal”. From this starting point, I trace the history of our treatment of the southern border and the patterns of migration that developed into the problem we have today.In addition to the negative consequences Dean Johnson identifies, I also note several other common themes from the era of Prohibition that are reflected in our current debate over immigration reform and the border: the significance of claims about threats to sovereignty, the inconsistent role of states in enforcement, the similar terms of debate about the importance of law enforcement, and the implications for national identity.The final part of my paper examines our current debate on comprehensive immigration reform. It seems that the lessons Prohibition would teach us are not being heeded. Our current debate is unable address undocumented immigration in the same way our nation confronted the failure of Prohibition, due primarily to the segregated and concentrated nature of the undocumented population and the fact that states are limited in their enforcement efforts. However, demographic shifts in the U.S. and the growing inter-connectedness of the U.S. and its southern neighbors may change the political dynamics. If so, then the history of Prohibition may ultimately provide a valuable lesson. Just as shifts in population in the 1920s doomed Prohibition, so it may be that the future of immigration reform is one of greater freedom of movement across the border rather than more enforcement to keep people out.
Adams operations on the virtual K-theory of ℙ(1,n)

We analyze the structure of the virtual (orbifold) K-theory ring of the complex orbifold ℙ(1,n) and its virtual Adams (or power) operations, by using the non-Abelian localization theorem of Edidin–Graham [D. Edidin and W. Graham, Nonabelian localization in equivariant K-theory and Riemann–Roch for quotients, Adv. Math. 198(2) (2005) 547–582]. In particular, we identify the group of virtual line elements and obtain a natural presentation for the virtual K-theory ring in terms of these virtual line elements. This yields a surjective homomorphism from the virtual K-theory ring of ℙ(1,n) to the ordinary K-theory ring of a crepant resolution of the cotangent bundle of ℙ(1,n) which respects the Adams operations. Furthermore, there is a natural subring of the virtual K-theory ring of ℙ(1,n) which is isomorphic to the ordinary K-theory ring of the resolution. This generalizes the results of Edidin–Jarvis–Kimura [D. Edidin, T. J. Jarvis and T. Kimura, Chern classes and compatible power operation in inertial K-theory, Ann. K-Theory (2016)], who proved the latter for n = 2, 3.
Experimental Evaluation of Unmanned Aerial System for Measuring Bridge Movement

AbstractHighway bridges are the key element of a transportation system and are essential for transportation of goods, services, and people. They are, however, vulnerable to extreme geologic and hyd...
Relaxation of the Medial Collateral Ligament to Facilitate Pediatric Meniscal Surgery

Abstract Meniscal injuries are becoming increasingly common in the pediatric population. During arthroscopic evaluation, pediatric patients typically have pristine articular cartilage and tight medial joint spaces. Therefore, when an arthroscope enters the medial compartment, iatrogenic damage to the articular cartilage may occur. Additionally, proper visualization of the medial meniscus (posterior horn or meniscocapsular junction) can prove to be difficult, and potential pathology may be missed. Proposed methods of increasing medial compartment visualization include the use of a 70° arthroscope placed through the intercondylar notch (Gillquist maneuver), creation of a posteromedial portal, or relaxation of the deep medial collateral ligament (MCL). Similar techniques have been described for use in adults for partial meniscectomy, but not in the pediatric population. The purpose of this Technical Note is to describe the steps to successfully perform the relaxation technique for meniscal repairs in pediatric patients, using an extra-articular outside-in percutaneous method.
Structure of the Glutamate-Like Receptor GLR3.2 ligand-binding domain

Abstract Glutamate-like receptors (GLRs) in plants play an important role in a number of physiological processes, including wound response, stomatal aperture control, seed germination, root development, innate immune responses, pollen tube growth and morphogenesis. GLRs share amino acid sequence similarity with ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) that mediate neurotransmission in the nervous system of vertebrates. In contrast to iGluRs, however, for which numerous full-length structures are available, the structural information about the plant GLRs has been missing. Here we determine crystal structures of Arabidopsis thaliana GLR3.2 ligand-binding domain (LBD) in complex with glycine and methionine to 1.57 and 1.86 A resolution, respectively. Our structures show a fold similar to iGluRs, with several secondary structure elements either missing or different. The closed clamshell conformation of GLR3.2 LBD suggests that both glycine and methionine act as agonists. The structures reveal molecular determinants of ligand binding and explain the promiscuity of GLRs’ ligand activation compared to iGluRs. Structural similarities of LBDs confirm an evolutionary relationship between GLRs and iGluRs and predict common molecular principles of their gating mechanisms that are driven by the bilobed clamshell-like LBDs.
"I'd Want to Know, Because a Year's Not a Long Time to Prepare for a Death": Role of Prognostic Information in Shared Decision Making among Women with Metastatic Breast Cancer.

Context: Increasing emphasis on patient-centered care has led to highlighted importance of shared decision making, which better aligns medical decisions with patient care preferences. Effective shared decision making in metastatic breast cancer (MBC) treatment requires prognostic understanding, without which patients may receive treatment inconsistent with personal preferences. Objectives: To assess MBC patient and provider perspectives on the role of prognostic information in treatment decision making. Methods: We conducted semi-structured interviews with MBC patients and community oncologists and separate focus groups involving lay navigators, nurses, and academic oncologists. Qualitative analysis utilized a content analysis approach that included a constant comparative method to generate themes. Results: Of 20 interviewed patients with MBC, 30% were African American. Academic oncologists were mostly women (60%), community oncologists were all Caucasian, and nurses were all women and 28% African American. Lay navigators were all African American and predominately women (86%). Five emergent themes were identified. (1) Most patients wanted prognostic information but differed in when they wanted to have this conversation, (2) Emotional distress and discomfort was a critical reason for not discussing prognosis, (3) Religious beliefs shaped preferences for prognostic information, (4) Health care professionals differed on prognostic information delivery timing, and (5) Providers acknowledged that an individualized approach taking into account patient values and preferences would be beneficial. Conclusion: Most MBC patients wanted prognostic information, yet varied in when they wanted this information. Understanding why patients want limited or unrestricted prognostic information can inform oncologists' efforts toward shared decision making.
Black Cultural Production: After Civil Rights: by Robert J. Patterson, Urbana-Champaign: University of Illinois Press, 2019, 280 pp., $26.00 (paperback), ISBN 978-0-252-08460-7

Reviewing edited volumes is a difficult task. The varied voices, distinctive disciplines, and specialized subjects do not lend to striking a balance between adequate description and critical evalua...
Development of a paper-immobilized yeast biosensor for the detection of physiological concentrations of doxycycline in technology-limited settings

To combat pharmaceutical counterfeiting and antibiotic resistance in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC), there is a need for improved low-cost, portable methods that monitor pharmaceutical concentrations relevant to dosage forms and physiological fluids. To address this problem, we turned to paper analytical devices (PADs), and have recently extended this technology by incorporating whole cell yeast biosensors into PADs to create biological paper analytical devices (bioPADs). The goals of the work presented here were to build on our initial bioPAD technology by showing that fluorescence can be used as a read-out and that the yeast-based system can function in complex matrices. More specifically, we embedded the bioengineered yeast on a paper test strip and showed that this simple biosensor can detect physiologically relevant concentrations of doxycycline in both human urine and raw bovine serum. In this work we also manufactured an inexpensive and portable device capable of reading the fluorescent signal of the bioPAD. This work demonstrates the untapped potential of fluorescent yeast biosensors for use in LMICs.
Azithromycin decreases Chlamydia pneumoniae-mediated Interleukin-4 responses but not Immunoglobulin E responses.

Background Chlamydia pneumoniae is an obligate intracellular bacterium that causes respiratory infection. There may exist an association between C. pneumoniae, asthma, and production of immunoglobulin (Ig) E responses in vitro. Interleukin (IL-4) is required for IgE production. Objective We previously demonstrated that doxycycline suppresses C. pneumoniae-induced production of IgE and IL-4 responses in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from asthmatic subjects. Whereas macrolides have anti-chlamydial activity, their effect on in vitro anti-inflammatory (IgE) and IL-4 responses to C. pneumoniae have not been studied. Methods PBMC from IgE- adult atopic subjects (N = 5) were infected +/- C. pneumoniae BAL69, +/- azithromycin (0.1, 1.0 ug/mL) for 10 days. IL-4 and IgE levels were determined in supernatants by ELISA. IL-4 and IgE were detected in supernatants of PBMC (day 10). Results When azithromycin (0.1, 1.0 ug/ml) was added, IL-4 levels decreased. At low dose, IgE levels increased and at high dose, IgE levels decreased. When PBMC were infected with C. pneumoniae, both IL-4 and IgE levels decreased. Addition of azithromycin (0.1, 1.0 ug/mL) decreased IL-4 levels and had no effect on IgE levels. Conclusions These findings indicate that azithromycin decreases IL-4 responses but has a bimodal effect on IgE responses in PBMC from atopic patients in vitro.
Influence of Tower Line Coupling Effect on Stress of Iron Tower in Mining Area

During the deformation process of power transmission iron tower base along with the ground surface settlement, the conductor and ground wire can support the iron tower structure to some extent. Through defining the influential coefficient of coupling effect of tower line, we have obtained the influential coefficients of coupling effect of tower line under two working conditions, i.e. base settlement and horizontal slipping, and evaluated the influence of the tower line coupling effect on bearing performance of iron tower during the base deformation process. The research shows that the shaft force of main material of tower leg during the base deformation process is slightly increased, and the increasing amplitude is within 10%, and the influence of the tower line coupling effect on the bearing performance of iron tower during the base deformation process can be neglected basically.
Toxicity and Survival After Intensity-Modulated Proton Therapy Versus Passive Scattering Proton Therapy for NSCLC.

Abstract Objective Although intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMPT) is dosimetrically superior to passive scattering proton therapy (PSPT) for locally advanced NSCLC (LA-NSCLC), direct comparisons of clinical outcomes are lacking. Here, we compare toxicity profiles and clinical outcomes after IMPT versus PSPT for LA-NSCLC. Methods This is a nonrandomized, comparative study of two independent cohorts with LA-NSCLC (stage II–IIIB, stage IV with solitary brain metastasis) treated with concurrent chemotherapy and proton beam therapy. Toxicity (Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 4.0) and outcomes were prospectively collected as part of a clinical trial ( ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT00915005 ) or prospective registry ( ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT00991094 ). Results Of 139 patients, 86 (62%) received PSPT and 53 (38%) IMPT; median follow-up times were 23.9 and 29.0 months, respectively. IMPT delivered lower mean radiation doses to the lungs (PSPT 16.0 Gy versus IMPT 13.0 Gy, p Conclusions IMPT is associated with lower radiation doses to the lung, heart, and esophagus, and lower rates of grade 3 or higher cardiopulmonary toxicity; additional clinical studies will be needed to assess the potential differences in survival between the two techniques.
Role of Axial Ligation in Gating the Reactivity of Dimethylplatinum(III) Diimine Radical Cations

Electrochemical methods are coupled with chemical oxidant-based analytical strategies to evaluate the oxidative reactivity of the platinum(II) diimine complex (bpy)PtII(CH3)2 (bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine...
Fraud in The Nonprofit Sector: Rebuilding a Charitable Image

Nonprofit organizations are at an increased risk for the occurrence of fraud due to their inherently trusting nature and the limited availability of resources for fraud prevention measures. Because charitable organizations rely on positive public image and donor perceptions of organizational effectiveness for continued funding, it may be difficult or impossible for a nonprofit to remain financially viable once fraud occurs. We conduct an experimental investigation with potential donors to determine which actions improved the likelihood that they would contribute to a nonprofit organization following a material misappropriation of assets fraud. Modifying and enhancing board of director oversight had the highest and only statistically significant positive effect on potential donations. Moreover, firing an Executive Director, who was not involved in the fraud, reduced both the likelihood and amount of planned giving.
Screen Spaces: Zones of Interaction and Recognition

This chapter considers how moving images generate new social spaces and encounters in front of the screen—horizontal zones of interaction and recognition. Jaume Plensa’s Crown Fountain (2004) in Chicago’s Millennium Park establishes a “magic circle” between two monumental screens. Artworks that explicitly engage interactive technologies fold viewing space into screen space. I develop the political potential of this mode of address through deep analysis of works by Rafael Lozano-Hemmer and conclude with a brief discussion of architectural interventions that act as paracinematic projectors onto the ground. The horizontal planes produced by moving images in this chapter evoke a longer history of places of public mixing and contestation from public fountains and pools to disco dance floors.
Evaluation of Injury Recidivism Using the Electronic Medical Record.

Abstract Background Traumatic injuries remain one of the leading causes of death in the United States. Patients who survive traumatic injuries but return to the emergency department with repeat injuries are said to suffer from injury recidivism. Numerous studies have described trends in injury recidivism using trauma registry and survey data. To our knowledge, no prior study has leveraged electronic medical record (EMR) data to characterize injury recidivism. The EMR is potentially more comprehensive as it contains details of patients who visited the emergency department after injury but did not meet the criteria for inclusion in the trauma registry. Such injuries could be predictive of future recidivism. We therefore aimed to describe patterns of injury recidivism seen at a Level 1 trauma center using the EMR. Methods A retrospective review was conducted of all injury-related encounters between January 2016 and December 2019. Manual review was conducted of all recidivistic encounters with Results A total of 20,566 index encounters was included during the study period. Of the 20,566 encounters, 7.6% (n = 1570) had a recidivistic encounter during the study period, half of which (n = 781) occurred within the first year of the index encounter. An over two-fold increased odds of recidivism was observed for blunt assault encounters (OR 2.53, 95% CI 2.03-3.15) and unintentional falls (OR 2.10, 95% CI 1.76-2.52). For both mechanisms, this increase was observed across the three years following the index encounter. Conclusions Our study found that patients with assault injuries have the highest odds of injury recidivism and assault-related recidivistic encounters. These results demonstrate the feasibility and utility of incorporating EMR data, and suggest that the development of targeted interventions focused on mitigating assault injuries, such as hospital-based violence intervention programs, should be considered in our region.
Leading-edge flow sensing for detection of vortex shedding from airfoils in unsteady flows

Sensing of vortex shedding in unsteady airfoil flows can be beneficial in controlling and positively harnessing their effects for increased aerodynamic performance. The time variation of the leading-edge suction parameter (LESP), which is a non-dimensional measure of the leading-edge suction force, is shown to be useful in deducing the various events related to vortex shedding from unsteady airfoils. The recently developed leading-edge flow sensing (LEFS) technique, which uses a few pressures in the airfoil leading-edge region for deducing the aerodynamic state of an airfoil, is adapted to deduce the variation of LESP during an unsteady motion in incompressible flow. For this purpose, the flow over the airfoil is divided into an outer-region flow over the chord, modeled using thin airfoil theory, and an inner-region flow over the leading edge, modeled as a flow past a parabola. By matching these two flows, relations are derived for calculating the LESP from a few pressures at the leading edge. By studying the variations of the LEFS outputs and the calculated LESP for various unsteady motions, guidelines are presented for detecting events related to vortex shedding: initiation, pinch-off, and termination. Computational and experimental results for additional unsteady motions confirm the effectiveness of the LEFS as a sensing technique for events associated with vortex shedding on unsteady airfoils.
Hyperarchimedean coproducts

In the category of archimedean lattice-ordered groups with strong unit, the Yosida representation provides an insightful description of coproducts and the condition that an object be hyperarchimedean. These are combined to yield a criterion that a coproduct be hyperarchimedean and this is applied, viz.: \({G \coprod G}\) is hyperarchimedean if and only if G is Specker (here meaning an l-group of real-valued step functions). \({G \coprod H}\) is hyperarchimedean for every hyperarchimedean H if and only if G is Specker and rational-valued. If {Gi}I is a collection of Specker groups, then \({\coprod_ I G_i}\) is Specker, thus hyperarchimedean. If \({\coprod_I H_i}\) is hyperarchimedean, then the non-Specker Hi number at most \({\mathfrak{c}}\) and satisfy a condition of rational-linear independence of values.
The Ancient Salicoid Genome Duplication Event: A Platform for Reconstruction of De Novo Gene Evolution in Populus trichocarpa.

Orphan genes are characteristic genomic features that have no detectable homology to genes in any other species and represent an important attribute of genome evolution as sources of novel genetic functions. Here, we identified 445 genes specific to Populus trichocarpa. Of these, we performed deeper reconstruction of 13 orphan genes to provide evidence of de novo gene evolution. Populus and its sister genera Salix are particularly well suited for the study of orphan gene evolution because of the Salicoid whole-genome duplication event (WGD) which resulted in highly syntenic sister chromosomal segments across the Salicaceae. We leveraged this genomic feature to reconstruct de novo gene evolution from inter-genera, inter-species, and intra-genomic perspectives by comparing the syntenic regions within the P. trichocarpa reference, then P. deltoides, and finally Salix purpurea. Furthermore, we demonstrated that 86.5% of the putative orphan genes had evidence of transcription. Additionally, we also utilized the Populus genome-wide association mapping panel (GWAS), a collection of 1,084 undomesticated P. trichocarpa genotypes to further determine putative regulatory networks of orphan genes using expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) mapping. Functional enrichment of these eQTL subnetworks identified common biological themes associated with orphan genes such as response to stress and defense response. We also identify a putative cis-element for a de novo gene and leverage conserved synteny to describe evolution of a putative transcription factor binding site. Overall, 45% of orphan genes were captured in trans-eQTL networks.
Trigonal Symmetry Breaking and its Electronic Effects in Two-Dimensional Dihalides and Trihalides

We study the consequences of the approximately trigonal ($D_{3d}$) point symmetry of the transition metal (M) site in two-dimensional van der Waals MX$_2$ dihalides and MX$_3$ trihalides. The trigonal symmetry leads to a 2-2-1 orbital splitting of the transition metal $d$ shell, which may be tuned by the interlayer distance, and changes in the ligand-ligand bond lengths. Orbital order coupled to various lower symmetry lattice modes may lift the remaining orbital degeneracies, and we explain how these may support unique electronic states using ZrI$_2$ and CuCl$_2$ as examples, and offer a brief overview of possible electronic configurations in this class of materials. By building and analysing Wannier models adapted to the appropriate symmetry we examine how the interplay among trigonal symmetry, electronic correlation effects, and $p$-$d$ orbital charge transfer leads to insulating, orbitally polarized magnetic and/or orbital-selective Mott states. Our work establishes a rigorous framework to understand, control, and tune the electronic states in low-dimensional correlated halides. Our analysis shows that trigonal symmetry and its breaking is a key feature of the 2D halides that needs to be accounted for in search of novel electronic states in materials ranging from CrI$_3$ to $\alpha$-RuCl$_3$.
Back to the future: The politics of culture at the Shanghai Expo

Mega-events such as the Olympics and international expositions have long been understood as staging platforms upon which host countries offer displays of nation-state splendor. This article examines representations at the 2010 Shanghai World Expo, a largely state- and corporatefunded mega-event, to consider contemporary China’s particular narrative of the nation as it emerges as a global power in the 21st century. Through an analysis of Expo films, displays, and architecture, this article argues that the Shanghai Expo offered a model for the future that linked future progress to past glory, wedding traditional Chinese practices and belief systems to contemporary economic growth and technological advancement. While recognizing that the representations at the Expo were largely aspirational, the article demonstrates that studying such idealized forms of national identity can reveal much about China’s attempts to position itself as a prototype for global futures.
Indirect Self-Destructive Behavior in Chronic Hemodialysis Patients

As one of a series of investigations of indirect self-destructive behavior, a pilot study was conducted with a group of 32 chronic hemodialysis patients for those characteristics of such behavior which had emerged as most salient in earlier studies: self-esteem, locus of control, rigidity, impulsivity, futurity, risk-taking and denial. Using an average of ratings of cooperativeness obtained from the head nurse, physician, dietician, technician, and staff nurse, the group was divided into two subgroups of more and less cooperative patients, and the demographic, medical, and psychological data from the two groups were compared. The findings suggest that the less cooperative hemodialysis patients have experienced the illness as a more severe blow to their self-concept and have failed to integrate their illness into an effective adaptive life pattern. The uncooperative patients feel less valued and less appreciated not only by their family but also by fellow patients and by hospital staff. They show significantly more anger and withdrawal than the more cooperative group and appear to have compensated for a significantly greater sense of powerlessness by the development of manipulative behaviors in relating to their medical caretakers.
Asynchronous Broadcast in Radio Networks

We study asynchronous packet radio networks in which transmissions among nodes may be delayed. We consider the task of broadcasting a message generated by the source node. The timing of arrivals of messages is controlled by adversaries. We consider three different adversaries. The edge adversary can have a transmitted message delivered at different times to different recipients. The crash adversary is the edge one augmented by the ability to crash nodes. The node adversary can have a message received at arbitrary times, but simultaneously by all the recipients. A protocol specifies for each node how many times the message is retransmitted by this node, after it has been received. The total number of transmissions of nodes is defined to be a measure of performance of a broadcast protocol, and is called its work. The radio network is modeled as a graph and is given as input to a centralized algorithm. An aim of the algorithm could be either to find a broadcast protocol, possibly with additional properties, or to verify correctness of a given protocol. We give an algorithm to find a protocol correct against the edge adversary. The obtained protocol is work-exponential in general. This is an inherent property of the problem, as is justified by a lower bound. We develop a polynomial algorithm to verify correctness of a given protocol for a given network against the edge adversary. We show that a problem to decide if there exists a protocol, for a given network and of a specified work performance, is NP-hard. We extend some of these results to the remaining two adversaries.
The Evolution of the Online Journal of Rural Nursing and Health Care

It seems like yesterday that I was discussing the need for a accessible source of knowledge for nurses and other health professionals practicing/working in rural areas and/or populations. The year was 1997. I had just begun my tenure at The University of Alabama Capstone College of Nursing, as the Saxon Endowed Chair for Rural Nursing. The more I discussed this with my colleagues and mentors the more I realized that what was needed was a peer reviewed electronic journal that could be accessed by all rural nurses and that would facilitate the sharing of research and practice knowledge. After some research and more discussion and with the support of the Rural Nurses Association and The University of Alabama Capstone College of Nursing Dean, Dr. Sara Barger the first issue of the Online Journal of Rural Nursing and Health Care was posted to the Rural Nurse Organization in 2000 as a fully refereed journal. In those first years we published the Journal quarterly but soon realized that that was too fast to be handled by all volunteer time. So the decision was made to back down to two issues a year, Spring and Fall. That tempo worked well for the amount of personnel and time we had to work with the Journal. The next step was to get the Journal indexed and through the work of managing editor Dr. Steven MacCall, we were first referenced in CINAHL in 2003; however, since that time, the CINAHL has indexed all articles and columns of the Journal since volume 1, number 1 from 2000, so the complete run of all articles and columns published in the Journal is available through a bibliographic search of the primary index to the nursing literature.
SmartWatch by SmartMonitor: Assessment of Seizure Detection Efficacy for Various Seizure Types in Children, a Large Prospective Single-Center Study

Abstract Introduction Patients with epilepsy and their caregivers are constantly burdened with the possibility of a seizure and its consequences, such as accidents, injuries, and sudden unexplained death in epilepsy. It is the unpredictable nature of seizures that often affects both patients with seizures and their caregivers, limits independence, and hinders quality of life. There are several types of motion detectors on the market, each with varying degrees of sensitivity. Material and Methods We prospectively tested the SmartWatch, a wrist-worn monitor, on children, adolescents, and young adults with various types of seizures in an epilepsy monitoring unit. Confirmation of seizure type and if there was rhythmic upper extremity jerking associated with the seizure was determined by review of the video electroencephalograph. This was compared with the standard detection system of the watch. Results This study analyzed a total of 191 seizures in 41 patients aged 5-41 years. Fifty-one of the seizures were generalized tonic-clonic. Forty-seven of the seizures had a rhythmic arm movement component. The SmartWatch detected 30 seizures (16%) of the total, 16 (31%) of the generalized tonic-clonic seizures, and 16 (34%) seizures associated with rhythmic arm movements. Discussion Overall, only a minority of generalized tonic-clonic seizures or seizures with rhythmic movements were detected, highlighting the need for an effective seizure detection device.
Role of Patent Foramen Ovale in Migraine Etiology and Treatment: A Review

An increased prevalence between patent formen ovale (PFOs) and migraine exists but there is conflicting data regarding causal relationship between these two conditions. It is controversial whether cardiac screening and intervention like PFO closure provides any benefit in this population and so this area still remains under intense investigation. The management of migraine lies at the intersection between the practice of primary care physicians, neurologists, and cardiologists. There is no consensus as to what is the best practice for the evaluation of these patients with difficult to control migraine given the millions of dollars spent on physician visits and pharmacotherapy. This review seeks to summarize the current literature on this association and studies that have investigated PFO closure in this population.
Differential Carbohydrate Recognition of Two GlcNAc-6-sulfotransferases with Possible Roles in L-Selectin Ligand Biosynthesis

Two human GlcNAc-6-sulfotransferases, CHST2 and HEC-GlcNAc6ST, have been recently identified as possible contributors to the inflammatory response by virtue of their participation in L-selectin ligand biosynthesis. Selective inhibitors would facilitate their functional elucidation and might provide leads for antiinflammatory therapy. Here we investigate the critical elements of a disaccharide substrate that are required for recognition by CHST2 and HEC-GlcNAc6ST. A panel of disaccharide analogues, bearing modifications to the pyranose rings and aglycon substituents, were synthesized and screened for substrate activity with each enzyme. Both GlcNAc-6-sulfotransferases required the 2-N-acetamido and 4-hydroxyl groups of a terminal GlcNAc residue for conversion to product. Both enzymes tolerated modifications to the reducing terminal pyranose. Key differences in recognition of an amide group in the aglycon substituent were observed, providing the basis for future glycomimetic inhibitor design.
An Examination of Ipsative and Normative Versions of Kolb'S Revised Learning Tyle Inventory:

The construct validity of Kolb's revised 12-item Learning Style Inventory was examined by comparing results of the standard ipsatively scored version to an alternate normative version that was scored on a Likert Scale and consisted of 48 (12 statements x 4 endings) separate items. Findings of the study on the ipsative version were similar to those reported in prior research. Two strong bipolar dimensions were identified running from feeling to watching and from doing to thinking. These dimensions, however, are in contrast to Kolb's theorized bipolar dimensions of thinking to feeling and watching to doing. Additionally, only the thinking ability was supported as a separate learning construct by the ipsative inventory. The analysis of the normative instrument did not produce any bipolar dimensions, but did produce strong support for the four separate learning abilities theorized by Kolb and the Experiential Learning Model. While strong evidence was found to support the four separate learning abilities, the ...
An experimental study of mass transfer from a wall into a wavy falling film

Abstract Mass transfer from a solid boundary into a thin wavy film was studied for a wide range of laminar flow rates with a novel experimental technique. Speculations that large waves control the transport process through a convection mechanism are validated through an examination of the time variation of the film thickness and solute concentration. Statistical analyses of the data demonstrate that the occurrence of large waves with higher local flow rates coincides with an increased mass transfer both locally and globally. Accordingly, the relative importance of small waves or ripples is shown to decrease rapidly with increasing flow rate.
EFFECTS OF CLIENT VIOLENCE ON SOCIAL WORK STUDENTS: A NATIONAL STUDY

This study uses a work stress theoretical framework to examine the effects of direct and indirect client violence on a randomly selected national sample of MSW and BSW social work students from the...
An Examination of the First/Second-Grade Form of the Pictorial Scale of Perceived Competence and Social Acceptance: Factor Structure and Stability by Grade and Gender across Groups of Economically Disadvantaged Children.

Abstract We tested the structure of the Pictorial Scale of Competence and Social Acceptance (PSPCSA) across groups of first and second grade children from economically disadvantaged backgrounds. We used confirmatory factor analysis, including latent mean structures analysis, to test the fit of competing PSPCSA factor models and examined invariance across time and gender. Cohort 1 data were used to find a best fitting model. Cohorts 2 and 3 data were used for model cross-validation and invariance testing across time. Gender differences were examined with the multiple indicators, multiple causes model. We found support for a time invariant three-factor model but uncovered issues of concern related to score reliability. Consistent with the hypothesized decline in children's early optimistic bias, we found a statistically significant moderate decline in perceptions of cognitive and peer competence over time. In addition, we identified differences between boys and girls: (a) on perceptions of cognitive competence and (b) across several items within each of the PSPCSA subscales.
Mechanobiology of the Meniscus

The meniscus plays a critical biomechanical role in the knee, providing load support, joint stability, and congruity. Importantly, growing evidence indicates that the mechanobiologic response of meniscal cells plays a critical role in the physiologic, pathologic, and repair responses of the meniscus. Here we review experimental and theoretical studies that have begun to directly measure the biomechanical effects of joint loading on the meniscus under physiologic and pathologic conditions, showing that the menisci are exposed to high contact stresses, resulting in a complex and nonuniform stress-strain environment within the tissue. By combining microscale measurements of the mechanical properties of meniscal cells and their pericellular and extracellular matrix regions, theoretical and experimental models indicate that the cells in the meniscus are exposed to a complex and inhomogeneous environment of stress, strain, fluid pressure, fluid flow, and a variety of physicochemical factors. Studies across a range of culture systems from isolated cells to tissues have revealed that the biological response of meniscal cells is directly influenced by physical factors, such as tension, compression, and hydrostatic pressure. In addition, these studies have provided new insights into the mechanotransduction mechanisms by which physical signals are converted into metabolic or pro/anti-inflammatory responses. Taken together, these in vivo and in vitro studies show that mechanical factors play an important role in the health, degeneration, and regeneration of the meniscus. A more thorough understanding of the mechanobiologic responses of the meniscus will hopefully lead to therapeutic approaches to prevent degeneration and enhance repair of the meniscus.
Can we screen for pelvic organ prolapse without a physical examination in epidemiologic studies

Objective Large population-based epidemiologic studies of pelvic organ prolapse are rare. One barrier is the need for physical examination in order to confirm disease status. The objectives of this study were to develop a simple screening question for pelvic organ prolapse (POP) and to evaluate its test characteristics in high and low prevalence populations. Study design Data from 100 women enrolled in the validation study of the Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory (PFDI) were used to identify the question or questions that most accurately identified women with advanced pelvic organ prolapse. After identifying an accurate and reliable screening question from this original group, its test characteristics were evaluated prospectively in 2 additional distinct populations: a group of 120 women presenting to a tertiary care urogynecology clinic (High prior probability of POP) and 448 women presenting to a nurse practitioner for annual gynecologic examination (Low prior probability of POP). Subjects in these 2 groups each completed the screening question and underwent a POPQ examination by a blinded examiner. Results A single question was identified from the original study population that most accurately and reliably identified those women with POP “Do you usually have a bulge or something falling out that you can see or feel in your vaginal area?” An affirmative answer to this question was 96% sensitive (95%CI 92-100) and 79% specific (95%CI 77-92) for prolapse beyond the hymen. The 1-week test-retest reliability was good (kappa .84). The prevalence of POP in this group was 29%. No other single question or group of questions had better test characteristics. When prospectively evaluated in the second High probability population (prevalence 39%), similar test characteristics were noted: sensitivity 85% (95%CI 71-93), specificity 86% (95%CI 75-92). However, when evaluated in the Low prior probability group (POP prevalence 3.8%) the specificity improved to 99% (95%CI 98-99), while the sensitivity decreased dramatically to 35% (95%CI 15-61). Conclusion Screening for POP without a physical examination is subject to spectrum bias. Spectrum bias occurs when a diagnostic test performs differently in different groups of patients. In groups with a high prior probability of POP, a simple screening question can accurately screen for advanced POP without a physical exam. However, in groups with a low prior probability of POP such as might be seen in a population-based epidemiologic study, this question has poor sensitivity.
Beyond six colors: a new era in flow cytometry.

+T cells’. Instead, investigation of ‘fine’ lymphocyte subsets is necessary to understand the mechanisms of immunological disease and protection. To distinguish among these specific cell types, it is necessary to measure simultaneously as many as six different T-cell-associated ‘markers’ (typically cell surface proteins); further functional characterization requires the additional measurement of responses (such as cytokine production, proliferative capacity or apoptotic potential). This has necessitated the development of flow cytometric technologies capable of detecting considerably more parameters than the typical 3- or 4-color cytometers prevalent to date. Current technology is capable of measuring 2 scatter and 12 fluorescence parameters simultaneously and individually for each cell. Because this technology comes with unique problems (and solutions), we term it polychromatic flow cytometry (PFC), which we use to refer in general to flow cytometric analyses encompassing 6 or more colors. Instrument manufacturers have recognized the growing demand for PFC, and most now provide the hardware necessary to carry out these types of measurements. During the past few years, several research groups have employed custom-built instruments with the capacity to quantify as many as 12 fluorescences. In this paper we explore how this multicolor cytometric technology is substantially refining extant methods to allow new experimental designs. Together, these types of studies are providing a completely new view of the immune system that encompasses a far greater heterogeneity of cell type and function than previously imagined.
Logistic regression models of the safety of large trucks

Statistics show that crashes involving large trucks are generally more severe than those involving other vehicles because of the size, weight, and speed differential between trucks and other vehicles. Given the critical position of trucking in the process of economic recovery and growth, the improvement of truck safety and the mitigation of any negative impacts on non-truck vehicles are urgent issues. Statistical models have been used universally to identify the contributing factors to crash severities and to estimate injury probabilities. These methodologies, albeit addressing different issues, may provide mixed results and estimates with varying degrees of accuracy. The primary objective of this research was to investigate the effects of key determinants of the severity of crashes involving large trucks and to explore the relationship between the determinants. The secondary objective was to provide insight on statistical applications by evaluating three logistic regression models: multinomial logistic, partial proportional odds (PPO), and mixed logistic (ML) models. The model results showed that the majority of the coefficient estimates were consistent across the models studied. A few exceptions included young drivers and the use of safety constraints; these factors were not statistically significant in the ML model. The goodness of fit and model predictive power indicated that the PPO model produced results that more closely resembled the observations.
An analytical comparison of different formulations of the travelling sales man problem

A transformation technique is proposed that permits one to derive the linear description of the imageX of a polyhedronZ under an affine linear transformation from the (given) linear description ofZ. This result is used to analytically compare various formulations of the asymmetric travelling salesman problem to the standard formulation due to Dantzig, Fulkerson and Johnson which are all shown to be "weaker formulations" in a precise setting. We also apply this transformation technique to "symmetrize" formulations and show, in particular, that the symmetrization of the standard asymmetric formulation results into the standard one for the symmetric version of the travelling salesman problem.