cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Variation in the transition from inside to outside work in the red harvester ant Pogonomyrmex barbatus

In laboratory colonies of the red harvester ant, Pogonomyrmex barbatus, we observed the sequence of tasks performed by marked individuals. Observations of about 760 ants in three laboratory colonies indicate that ants often move from inside to outside work. However, there was a great deal of variation in the sequence. If trends in sequence were weak because ants do move from inside to outside work but the duration of our observations was too short to see the transition, ants should be observed to stay either inside or outside. There was no significant tendency for ants to persist in inside or outside work, indicating the variability in sequence is real. Ants tended to perform midden work before they died. Foraging activity is low in laboratory colonies, and it may be that ants that would be foragers in the field end up as midden workers in the laboratory. High variability in task sequence, in uniform laboratory conditions, contrasts with the apparently more consistent sequence from inside to outside work in the field. This suggests that requirements imposed by variable external conditions and colony needs in the field have a strong influence on task sequence.
Additional Phase Equilibrium Data for the System CaO‐MgO‐SiO2

Results of studies of phase equilibria in mixtures lying along the olivine join and in the low-silica portion of the system CaO-MgO-SiO2 necessitate the making of certain changes in the published diagram for this system. At or near liquidus temperatures, solid solution between forsterite and monticellite is extensive, although not continuous. X-ray diffraction, optical, and phase equilibrium data are presented for this olivine series. In the low-silica region a field of tricalcium silicate has been outlined and approximate liquidus temperatures have been determined. A revised equilibrium diagram for the system is presented.
Effects of Temporal Grouping on Multi-Trial Free Recall

Suninary.-In two experiments, subjects were given 4 presentations of a list divided temporally into 5 groups of 3 items each (grouped) or received the same word lists at a conscant rate of presentation (ungrouped) and matched for over-all presentation time. Grouped presentation enhanced recall only in the later serial positions while decreasing recall in the middle serial positions. Results of Exp. I also showed differences in order of recall. The results of Exp. 11 demonstrated that order of recall was not related to the differences in recall produced by grouping. Implications for short-term memory and memory consolidation were discussed.
Lapatinib: Functional Genomics Study Leads to Insights into Mechanism of Action

Commentary on: [Priti S. Hegde, David Rusnak, Melissa Bertiaux, Krystal Alligood, Jay Strum, Robert Gagnon, and Tona M. Gilmer. Delineation of molecular mechanisms of sensitivity to lapatinib in breast cancer cell lines using global gene expression profiles . Mol Cancer Ther 2007;6:1629–40.][1
Thin film evaporation effect on heat transport capability in a grooved heat pipe

A theoretical model predicting the heat transfer performance occurring in a grooved heat pipe is developed. The model includes the effects of groove geometry, thin film evaporation, contact angle, and film condensation. The numerical results show that the groove geometry significantly affects the thin film evaporation and condensation. The thin film evaporation plays a key role in the total effective thermal conductivity and determines a limit for the maximum amount of heat transport through the micro regions for a given evaporator geometry. While the contact angle can influence the capillary limitation, it significantly affects the thin film evaporation and the total effective thermal conductivity of a groove heat pipe. In order to verify the theoretical analysis, an experimental investigation on a grooved heat pipe was conducted. The current investigation will result in a better understanding of thin film evaporation and its effect on the maximum heat transport in a grooved heat pipe.
Cardiovascular response to stress

The behavioral characteristics of psychological stressors have been operationally defined. A psychological stressor is one that causes a stress response in a predictable percentage of index subjects. However, it may not always produce a stress response, and the probability of producing such a response depends on interactions between the behavioral situation and the individual involved. Thus there is a danger that a psychological stressor will be defined according to the stress response it causes rather than its structural characteristics. The characteristics that enhance the likelihood that a psychological stressor will cause a stress response are its novel, challenging, or threatening aspects that engage a subject in continuous active mental effort. The intensity of the stress response depends on the intensity of mental effort exerted to meet a challenging situation, whether or not that situation is perceived as threatening. The behavioral response to a psychological stressor also has been defined. It includes somatomotor, neuroendocrine, and cardiovascular components. The somatomotor response to stressful psychological events includes purposeful active coping to counter the challenge or threat posed by the stressor. The neuroendocrine response includes a combination of pituitary-adrenal cortical and hypothalamic-sympathetic-adrenal medullary secretions. The cardiovascular response includes a combination of increased rate and force of cardiac contraction, skeletal muscle vasodilation, venoconstriction, splanchnic vasoconstriction, renal vasoconstriction, and decreased renal excretion of sodium. Of all the modifiers that influence the stress response to a psychological stressor, family history is the one most likely to have an effect. A family history of essential hypertension increases the likelihood that a subject will respond to a psychological stressor with a cardiovascular stress response pattern. Other predisposing characteristics that increase the likelihood of a stress response include behavioral patterns of response to challenge or threat but may also include anatomic or biochemical characteristics that increase susceptibility to neurogenic activation of central aminergic mechanisms.
Prepopulated Radiology Report Templates: A Prospective Analysis of Error Rate and Turnaround Time

Current speech recognition software allows exam-specific standard reports to be prepopulated into the dictation field based on the radiology information system procedure code. While it is thought that prepopulating reports can decrease the time required to dictate a study and the overall number of errors in the final report, this hypothesis has not been studied in a clinical setting. A prospective study was performed. During the first week, radiologists dictated all studies using prepopulated standard reports. During the second week, all studies were dictated after prepopulated reports had been disabled. Final radiology reports were evaluated for 11 different types of errors. Each error within a report was classified individually. The median time required to dictate an exam was compared between the 2 weeks. There were 12,387 reports dictated during the study, of which, 1,173 randomly distributed reports were analyzed for errors. There was no difference in the number of errors per report between the 2 weeks; however, radiologists overwhelmingly preferred using a standard report both weeks. Grammatical errors were by far the most common error type, followed by missense errors and errors of omission. There was no significant difference in the median dictation time when comparing studies performed each week. The use of prepopulated reports does not alone affect the error rate or dictation time of radiology reports. While it is a useful feature for radiologists, it must be coupled with other strategies in order to decrease errors.
Location, location, location: larvae position inside the nest is correlated with adult body size in worker bumble-bees (Bombus impatiens)

Social insects display task-related division of labour. In some species, division of labour is related to differences in body size, and worker caste members display morphological adaptations suited for particular tasks. Bumble-bee workers (Bombus spp.) can vary in mass by eight- to tenfold within a single colony, which previous work has linked to division of labour. However, little is known about the proximate mechanism behind the production of this wide range of size variation within the worker caste. Here, we quantify the larval feeding in Bombus impatiens in different nest zones of increasing distance from the centre. There was a significant difference in the number of feedings per larva across zones, with a significant decrease in feeding rates as one moved outwards from the centre of the nest. Likewise, the diameter of the pupae in the peripheral zones was significantly smaller than that of pupae in the centre. Therefore, we conclude that the differential feeding of larvae within a nest, which leads to the size variation within the worker caste, is based on the location of brood clumps. Our work is consistent with the hypothesis that some larvae are 'forgotten', providing a possible first mechanism for the creation of size polymorphism in B. impatiens.
When good = better than average

People report themselves to be above average on simple tasks and below average on difficult tasks. This paper proposes an explanation for this effect that is simpler than prior explanations. The new explanation is that people conflate relative with absolute evaluation, especially on subjective measures. The paper then presents a series of four studies that test this conflation explanation. These tests distinguish conflation from other explanations, such as differential weighting and selecting the wrong referent. The results suggest that conflation occurs at the response stage during which people attempt to disambiguate subjective response scales in order to choose an answer. This is because conflation has little effect on objective measures, which would be equally affected if the conflation occurred at encoding.
Kinematic Variability, Local, and Orbital Stability as Predictors of Falls in Passive Dynamic Walking

Falls that occur during walking are a significant health care problem. However, there is as yet no generally accepted way to quantify walking stability. While clinicians often use variability as a proxy for stability, such measures do not quantify how systems respond to perturbations. Our goal was to determine how small-to-moderate perturbations affect both walking variability and stability. We applied random perturbations to a simple passive dynamic model of walking to simulate walking down a bumpy slope. Because the model’s global basin of attraction remained fixed, applying larger perturbations directly increased the risk of falling in the model. We generated 10 simulations of 300 consecutive strides of walking at each of 6 perturbation amplitudes up to the maximum level the model could tolerate without falling. We quantified “orbital stability” by calculating the maximum Floquet multipliers for the model. We quantified “local stability” by calculating local exponential rates of divergence of neighboring state space trajectories. As perturbation amplitudes increased, orbital stability and long-term local instability did not change. These measures reflected the fact that the model never actually “fell” during any of our simulations. Conversely, the mean variability of the walker’s kinematics increased exponentially and measures of short-term local instability increased linearly. These measures thus predicted the increased risk of falling exhibited by the model. For all simulated conditions, the walker remained orbitally stable, while exhibiting substantial local instability. This was because very small initial perturbations diverged away from the limit cycle, while larger initial perturbations converged toward the limit cycle. These results provide insight into how these different proposed measures of walking stability are related to each other and to risk of falling.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
Recycling of mixed automotive plastics

Mixed plastics from junked autos were homogenized by milling or extrusion, modified by addition of low-molecular-weight low-melt-viscosity polymers, and processed by compression or injection molding. Properties were comparable with high-density polyethylene and common building panel materials.
Clinical Presentation, Risk Factors, and Outcomes of Hematogenous Prosthetic Joint Infection in Patients with Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia.

Abstract Background Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia is a life-threatening condition that may lead to metastatic infection, including prosthetic joint infection. Methods To assess clinical factors associated with hematogenous prosthetic joint infection, we retrospectively reviewed all patients with a joint arthroplasty in place at the time of a first episode of S. aureus bacteremia over a 5-year period at our institution. Patients with postsurgical prosthetic joint infection without hematogenous prosthetic joint infection were excluded. Results There were 85 patients (143 arthroplasties) with either no prosthetic joint infection (n = 50; 58.8%) or hematogenous prosthetic joint infection in at least one arthroplasty (n = 35; 41.2%). The odds of hematogenous prosthetic joint infection was significantly increased among patients with community-acquired S. aureus bacteremia (odds ratio [OR] 18.07; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.64-infinity; P = .001), as compared with nosocomial S. aureus bacteremia, in which there were no patients with hematogenous prosthetic joint infection. After adjusting for S. aureus bacteremia classification, the presence of ≥3 joint arthroplasties in place was associated with a nearly ninefold increased odds of hematogenous prosthetic joint infection as compared with those with 1-2 joint arthroplasties in place (OR 8.55; 95% CI 1.44-95.71; P = .012). All but one joint with prosthetic joint infection demonstrated at least one clinical feature suggestive of infection. There were 4 additional S. aureus prosthetic joint infections diagnosed during a median of 3.4 years of follow-up post hospitalization for S. aureus bacteremia. Conclusion Prosthetic joint infection is frequent in patients with existing arthroplasties and concomitant S. aureus bacteremia, particularly with community-acquired S. aureus bacteremia and multiple prostheses. In contrast, occult S. aureus prosthetic joint infection without clinical features suggestive of prosthetic joint infection at the time of S. aureus bacteremia is rare.
Minimum Variance Joint Hedging under Competitive Pressure: Application to the Oil Industry

Joint-hedge may provide better effectiveness for firms interacting with multi risky commodities, but only in cases where related contracts are listed in futures markets. How should firms minimize joint commodity risks when the available contracts are limited? In this paper, I attempt to provide a solution. Specifically, I derive a minimum hedge ratio by modeling the interactions between input and output prices.Commodity prices are captured by the two factor diffusion model with mean-reverting convenience yield and spread and estimated by Kalman filtering. The simulation tests using oil prices demonstrate the ex ante effectiveness of this model.
Spontaneous Dural Tear Presenting as an Acute-Onset Headache After a Minor Fall: A Case Report.

Dural tears are occasionally encountered intraoperatively due to damage by surgical instruments1-3 or bone fragments being resected. Traumatic dural tears have been reported in a few cases of severe high-energy trauma4. Nontraumatic or spontaneous dural tears are exceedingly rare because of the amount of force that is needed to rupture the dura. We report a unique case of a patient with a spontaneous large symptomatic dural tear at the C7-T1 level of the spine that developed after a minor fall. The patient was informed that data concerning the case would be submitted for publication, and she provided consent. A previously healthy thirty-six-year-old woman was transferred to our hospital with a six-day history of severe bifrontal headaches. The symptoms started after she slipped and fell on outstretched hands against a wall. Two days later, the patient developed persistent bifrontal headaches, accompanied by nausea and midline upper back pain whenever she was upright. The only other trauma history had occurred nineteen years previously when she fell twenty feet onto her back during an Air Force training exercise, reportedly “injuring her T1 vertebra,” according to an Air Force physician. No advanced imaging was carried out at that time. After the earlier fall, the patient had experienced a sensation of “heat” from the neck to the lower back as well as pain in these areas. She subsequently had improved without intervention and had remained asymptomatic. Upon presentation to us, the physical examination showed that the patient was afebrile without neurological deficits. On a pain scale of 0 to 10, she reported that the headache ranked a 10 when she was upright, and became a 0 when she was supine. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the spine showed no abnormalities (Fig. 1 …
Antihypertensive and Humoral Effects of Nifedipine in Essential Hypertension Nifedipine in Essential Hypertension

This double-blind placebo controlled study investigated the antihypertensive and humoral effects of nifedipine capsules in patients with essential hypertension inadequately controlled (seated diastolic blood pressure greater than or equal to 95 mm Hg) by hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) alone. Nifedipine acutely (first dose) lowered supine blood pressure but did not change supine plasma renin activity (PRA) or aldosterone concentration. In contrast to placebo, short-term treatment (10 weeks) with nifedipine (n = 9, mean dose 43 +/- 16 mg daily) added to HCTZ (50 mg daily) significantly decreased seated blood pressure by 8.6 +/- 10.8/11.5 +/- 6.9 mm Hg. Neither nifedipine or placebo therapy altered PRA, plasma aldosterone concentration or 24 hour urinary aldosterone excretion. Nifedipine frequently caused mild vasodilator symptoms but these did not limit therapy in most patients. There was no correlation between PRA, plasma aldosterone concentration or 24 hour urinary aldosterone excretion and the acute or short-term blood pressure response to nifedipine in these diuretic treated patients. The acute blood pressure response to nifedipine did not predict short-term efficacy. Thus, nifedipine added to a diuretic is generally well-tolerated, effectively lowers blood pressure, and does not stimulate the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone (RAA) axis. Additionally, in diuretic treated patients, the activity of the RAA axis and initial blood pressure response to nifedipine are not predictive of short-term efficacy.
Abstract 1412: Cross-species array comparative genomic hybridization identifies novel driver genes in embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma.

Proceedings: AACR 104th Annual Meeting 2013; Apr 6-10, 2013; Washington, DC Human cancers are often associated with large chromosomal amplifications and deletions comprising megabases of sequence - making it challenging to identify drivers of cancer growth and progression. To bypass this obstacle, we have applied array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) to zebrafish embryonal rhabdomyosaroma (ERMS) and utilized cross-species comparison to identify novel collaborating oncogenes important to human disease. Because zebrafish ERMS predominantly contain small, focal amplifications that span only 50-100kb of sequence, candidate oncogenes were easily identified by cross-species comparisons with human ERMS. Remarkably, 16 of 19 chromosomal gains identified in zebrafish ERMS also exhibited focal, copy gains in human disease. Candidate oncogenes found in these regions were also over-expressed in a majority of human ERMS as assessed by microarray gene expression analysis and immunohistochemical stain of primary human ERMS and normal fetal muscle. siRNA and shRNA knockdown studies identified important roles for candidate ocogenes in regulating human ERMS growth. For example, knockdown of Cyclin D2, Homeobox Protein C6, and Plexin A1 (PLXNA1) resulted in reduced proliferation in both human RD and SMS-CTR cell lines. PLXNA1 knockdown also resulted in impaired migratory potential in scratch and transwell migration assays. Moreover, PLXNA1 loss resulted in increased numbers of terminally-differentiated myosin-expressing myocytes, suggesting that dysregulated expression of PLXNA1 plays a key role in the differentiation arrest of human ERMS. Finally, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was also amplified and over-expressed in a subset of human and zebrafish ERMS. Chemical inhibition of VEGF in ERMS-bearing zebrafish led to significantly reduced tumor growth which was associated with decreased tumor neovascularization. Analysis of human microarray gene expression data revealed that increased VEGFA expression correlated with poor clinical outcome in patients with ERMS independent of tumor grade and stage, indicating high VEGFA expression as an independent prognostic indicator and implicating inhibitors of the VEGF pathway as a promising therapy for improving patient survival. In total, our results demonstrate the utility of aCGH and cross-species comparisons to rapidly identify candidate genes essential for the pathogenesis of human cancer. Citation Format: Eleanor Chen, Kimberly P. Dobrinski, Kim H. Brown, Ryan Clagg, Elena Edelman, Myron Ignatius, Jillian Brockmann, G. Petur Nielsen, Sridhar Ramaswamy, Charles Keller, Charles Lee, David M. Langenau. Cross-species array comparative genomic hybridization identifies novel driver genes in embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1412. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1412
EVALUATION OF SELECTED SEED TREATMENTS AND IN-FURROW INSECTICIDES FOR CONTROL OF THRIPS IN VIRGINIA COTTON, 2005

Selected insecticides applied onto seed or into the seed furrow at planting were evaluated for control of thrips in VA cotton. 'Delta Pine 434 RR' cotton was planted 2 May at the Virginia Tech Tidewater Agric. Res. & Ext. Ctr., Suffolk, VA, using 36-inch row spacing. Cruiser 5FS and Gaucho Grande seed treatments were applied commercially. In-furrow (IF) treatments were applied into the seed furrow at the time of planting using tractormounted inverted jars with lid holes calibrated to deliver exact amounts via gravity. A RCB experimental design was used with four replicates; plots were four rows by 40 ft. Thrips injury to plants was determined by visually rating injury using a 0 to 5 scale, where 0 = no thrips induced plant injury, 1 = 10% injured leaves, no bud injury; 2 = 25% injured leaves, no bud injury; 3 = 75% injured leaves, and 0 to 25% buds injured; 4 = 90% injured leaves, and greater than 25% buds injured; and 5 = dead plants. Yield was determined on 27 Oct by harvesting the 2 center rows of each plot (80 row ft) using a commercial 2-row cotton picker. Sub-samples were ginned to determine lint versus seed and trash weight (40% lint, 60% seed and trash). Data were subjected to ANOVA and means were separated using LSD (P = 0.01).
Clarifying ethics terms in public relations from A to V, authenticity to virtue: BledCom special issue of PR review sleeping (with the) media: Media relations

Abstract A definitional problem exists regarding ethics in public relations: many terms are used interchangeably and much confusion exists. This study is based on 28 elite interviews with opinion leaders in public relations and uses a grounded theory approach. Refining the way we understand and discuss ethics is particularly important in the public relations subfunction of media relations because it is on the front lines of interaction with journalists and publics. The credibility of media relations is often challenged by journalists, and the ethics supporting organizational decisions is often questioned by publics. Recommendations are offered from the moral philosophy literature to clarify and increase precision in terminology use related to ethics across the function and our most visible subfunction, media relations.
Survivability, Partitioning, and Recovery of Enveloped Viruses in Untreated Municipal Wastewater

Many of the devastating pandemics and outbreaks of the 20th and 21st centuries have involved enveloped viruses, including influenza, HIV, SARS, MERS, and Ebola. However, little is known about the presence and fate of enveloped viruses in municipal wastewater. Here, we compared the survival and partitioning behavior of two model enveloped viruses (MHV and ϕ6) and two nonenveloped bacteriophages (MS2 and T3) in raw wastewater samples. We showed that MHV and ϕ6 remained infective on the time scale of days. Up to 26% of the two enveloped viruses adsorbed to the solid fraction of wastewater compared to 6% of the two nonenveloped viruses. Based on this partitioning behavior, we assessed and optimized methods for recovering enveloped viruses from wastewater. Our optimized ultrafiltration method resulted in mean recoveries (±SD) of 25.1% (±3.6%) and 18.2% (±9.5%) for the enveloped MHV and ϕ6, respectively, and mean recoveries of 55.6% (±16.7%) and 85.5% (±24.5%) for the nonenveloped MS2 and T3, respectively. A ma...
Effects of different preparation methods on structures and catalytic performances of AlOOH for methanol dehydration

In this work, four different AlOOH catalysts prepared by complete liquid-phase technology, hydrothermal and precipitation method are investigated and the industrial AlOOH(SB)is used as a control. These catalysts are characterized by XRD, NH3-TPD-MS, FT-IR, N2 adsorption-desorption and TG-DTG, and evaluated in a fixed-bed reactor for methanol dehydration. The results show that significant differences exist in these catalysts of methanol dehydration. The AlOOH catalyst prepared by compete liquid-phase technology followed by calcination for removing deposited carbon on the surface displays the highest activity and good stability, especially the performance in low temperature. On the contrary, the AlOOH catalyst prepared by precipitation method shows the worst activity and bad stability. Combined characterization results with catalytic performance, it can be found that the AlOOH catalyst has weak and strong acid sites, while γ-Al2O3 only has weak acid sites. When the content of weak acid sites is higher than its strong acid sites, the AlOOH catalyst shows better ability of methanol dehydration. On the other hand, more lattice defects and proper grain size of catalysts are beneficial to the improvement of the ability of methanol dehydration.
A new real-time RT-qPCR assay for the detection, subtyping and quantification of human respiratory syncytial viruses positive- and negative-sense RNAs

Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major health problem and the main cause of hospitalization due to bronchiolitis. RSV is divided into two antigenic subgroups, RSV-A and -B that co-circulate worldwide. Rapid and sensitive detection is desirable for proper patient handling while assessment of viral load may help to evaluate disease severity and progression. Finally RSV subtyping is needed to determine the prevalence and pathogenicity of each RSV subgroup, as well as their sensitivity to treatment. In this study, we took into account the most recent circulating RSV variants and designed two quantitative TaqMan one-step RT-PCR assays to detect and quantify both RSV subgroups separately. Standard dilutions of transcripts of positive and negative polarities were included in the assay validation to assess potential differences in sensitivity on negative-sense genomes and positive-sense RNAs. In addition, RSV detection in respiratory specimens of different types and sampled in different populations was compared to commercially available RSV diagnostic tools. Altogether, the RSV-A and -B assays revealed sensitive and quantitative over a wide range of viral loads, with a slight improved sensitivity of the RSV-B assay on positive sense transcripts, and allowed accurate RSV subtyping. We thus provide a useful tool for both RSV diagnostics and research.
Quantitative relationships between leaf area index and canopy reflectance spectra of summer maize

The paper studied the correlation between leaf area index and canopy reflectance spectra of summer maize from multi-angle.The results indicated that the most accurate quantitative relationships between leaf area index and canopy reflectance spectra of maize is multivariate linear regression model based on multiple single-band,next is the cubic polynomial regression model based on DVI(900,730),and the third is the power function regression model based on SAVI(950,600).
Organ-specific Responses of Total Body Irradiated Doxycycline-inducible Manganese Superoxide Dismutase Tet/Tet Mice

BACKGROUND/AIM We evaluated doxycycline-inducible manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD(tet/tet)) mice after 9.25 Gy total-body irradiation (TBI) or 20 Gy thoracic irradiation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Six-week-old MnSOD(tet/tet) or control C57BL/6NHsd mice on or off doxycycline (doxy) in food received 9.25 Gy TBI, were sacrificed at day 19 and bone marrow, brain, esophagus, heart, intestine, kidney, liver, lung, spleen and tongue harvested, total RNAs extracted and transcripts for irradiation response genes quantitated by real time-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS MnSOD(tet/tet) mice only survived with daily injections of doxy beginning 5 days after birth until weaning, at which time they were placed on food containing doxy. Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) transcript levels were reduced in all tissues except the lung. Adult mice survived with low MnSOD levels, but induced by doxy or TBI. Thoracic-irradiated MnSOD(tet/tet) mice survived past day 120. CONCLUSION MnSOD(tet/tet) mice should be valuable for elucidating the role of MnSOD in growth and irradiation response.
Prom Week: Designing past the game/story dilemma.

New player experiences require new game designs – and some designs only become possible with new technology. Emergent narratives are part of existing story games but the game systems are not capable of understanding the stories their players create. If we could capture the enjoyable aspects of player-driven narratives while still keeping the complex dynamism of sandbox games, we could enable a new type of game experience. Creating this experience would require fundamental technical research to enable new kinds of authorial affordances. This paper presents the lessons learned while designing the game Prom Week and AI system Comme il Faut together to produce such an experience — a two and a half year process of researchdriven game design. Prom Week tightly combines player experiences of choice and consequence (as found, for example, in simulation games and combat systems) with experiences of specific characters, histories, language, and narrative conclusions (as found in the non-interactive, or minimally-interactive, fictions of many games). This combination was accomplished by creating novel technology informed by the design problem, experimenting with gameplay approaches appropriate to the technology, iterating on both using player feedback, and finally executing a unique design providing satisfying stories that reflect the player's choices in a wide possibility space.
Stereotypical Biases Against African-American Males

This chapter points out that there has been a long and treacherous history of negative stereotypical biases and attitudes about and directed at African-American males. These biases and myths toward African-American males have evolved and lingered on into the twenty-first century. African-American males as a group are often viewed by the public as having a propensity to be lazy, hostile, unintelligent, unwilling to work, refuse to take care of their families, to only strive to become a professional basketball or football player, and to engage in criminal activity. This chapter explains how their mere swagger, dress, walk and speech of African-American males are often viewed in a negative light.
Partial Melting of Mount Scott Granite at 850° C and 500 Bars

Fluorine and water influenced the emplacement characteristics of the Cambrian, Mount Scott A-type granite, Wichita Mountains. Feldspar geothermometry temperatures of 640°C are unreasonably low for a dry solidus. Emplacement as a shallow, high aspect ratio sheet (length/thickness ∼110) indicates low melt viscosity. Both suggest possible volatile activity. However, the granite offers little evidence of high H2O content. It contains few miarolitic cavities, pegmatites, or aplites. Biotite chemistry and fluorite grains point to F as a significant player in emplacement and crystallization history.
Science and Mysticism

Huxley’s interest in mysticism and science will be the focus of the remainder of this study. An historical perspective reminds us that one way Western science defined itself as it emerged in the Renaissance was in its relation to religion. This point of reference is less foregrounded today, but it is worth recalling how science and religion were positioned at various stages in their modern development to see why events in Huxley’s period were significant.1 The most commonly held model is one of increasing conflict and then subsidence into indifference. Religion and science are seen as antagonists locked in a bitter struggle for epistemological authority and sociopolitical prestige until, around the late nineteenth century, science emerges as the victor. The two sides then enter a period of cold-war segregation.
Quality of spatial entanglement propagation

We explore, both experimentally and theoretically, the propagation dynamics of spatially entangled photon pairs (biphotons). Characterization of entanglement is done via the Schmidt number, which is a universal measurement of the degree of entanglement directly related to the nonseparability of the state into its subsystems. We develop expressions for the terms of the Schmidt number that depend on the amplitude and phase of the commonly used double-Gaussian approximation for the biphoton wave function, and demonstrate migration of entanglement between amplitude and phase upon propagation. We then extend this analysis to incorporate both phase curvature in the pump beam and higher spatial frequency content of more realistic non-Gaussian wave functions. Specifically, we generalize the classical beam quality parameter ${M}^{2}$ to the biphotons, allowing the description of more information-rich beams and more complex dynamics. Agreement is found with experimental measurements using direct imaging and Fourier optics.
Molecular Mechanism of Stabilizing the Helical Structure of Huntingtin N17 in a Micellar Environment.

Huntington’s disease is a deadly neurodegenerative disease caused by the fibrilization of huntingtin (HTT) exon-1 protein mutants. Despite extensive efforts over the past decade, much remains unknown about the structures of (mutant) HTT exon-1 and their enigmatic roles in aggregation. Particularly, whether the first 17 residues in the N-terminal (HTT-N17) adopt a helical or a coiled structure remains unclear. Here, with the rigorous study of molecular dynamics simulations, we explored the most possible structures of HTT-N17 in both dodecylphosphocholine (DPC) micelles and aqueous solution, using three commonly applied force fields (OPLS-AA/L, CHARMM36, and AMBER99sb*-ILDNP) to examine the underlying molecular mechanisms and rule out potential artifacts. We show that local environments are essential for determining the secondary structure of HTT-N17. This is evidenced by the insertion of five hydrophobic residues of HTT-N17 into the DPC micelle, which promotes the formation of an amphipathic helix, whereas...
Age differences in autobiographical memory across the adult lifespan: older adults report stronger phenomenology.

ABSTRACTAs an individual’s life story evolves across adulthood, the subjective experience (phenomenology) of autobiographical memory likely changes. In addition to age at retrieval, both the recency of the memory and the age when a memory is formed may be particularly important to its phenomenology. The present work examines the effect of three temporal factors on phenomenology ratings: (a) age of the participant, (b) age at the event reported in the memory, and (c) memory age (recency). A large sample of Americans (N = 1120), stratified by chronological age, recalled and rated two meaningful memories, a Turning Point and an Early Childhood Memory. Ratings of phenomenology (e.g., vividness of turning points) were higher among older adults compared to younger adults. Memories of events from the reminiscence bump were more positive in valence than events from other time periods but did not differ on other phenomenological dimensions; recent memories had stronger phenomenology than remote memories. In contra...
Comparing Free-Free and Shaker Table Model Correlation Methods Using Jim Beam

Finite element model correlation as part of a spacecraft program has always been a challenge. For any NASA spacecraft, a Coupled Loads Analysis (CLA) is used to predict the coupled system response of the spacecraft and launch vehicle. The accuracy of the CLA is highly dependent on the precision of the frequencies and mode shapes extracted from the spacecraft model. NASA standards require the spacecraft model used in the final Verification Loads Cycle to be correlated by a modal test. Due to budgetary and time constraints, most programs opt to correlate the spacecraft dynamic model during the environmental qualification test, conducted on a large shaker table.
Light Polarization and Signal Processing in Chiroptical Instrumentation

Abstract Modern chiroptical instrumentation relies heavily on the use of various forms of polarized light and the ability to detect weak signals in the presence of unwanted extraneous signals. As a result, this chapter is divided into two main sections. The first part discusses the properties and production of polarized light and endeavors to provide a basic introduction to the topic. The second part of the chapter focuses on aspects of signal handling and the recovery of weak signals in the presence of noise. In particular, the use of amplitude modulation followed by synchronous demodulation is discussed in detail. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the application of phase-sensitive detection in polarimetry. Finally, two appendices are provided at the end of the chapter that cover some basic optical and electronic concepts to help readers understand the discussion in the main body of the chapter. This chapter should be of interest to those wanting a more in-depth understanding of chiroptical instrumentation or those contemplating assembling their own research instrumentation.
Influence of Friction on Contact Pressure in Boundary Element Analysis of Contact Problems

This paper discusses the contact stresses between two or more elastic bodies with frictional forces on the contact surfaces by means of a boundary element method. A combination of the incremental and iterative procedure is carried out to analyse the static contact problems in the paper. The geometric discontinuity usually gives the most important characteristics of the solution. At the corners and edges, a simple approach has been developed by polynomial interpolation for the displacement field within a triangular region (for two-dimensional problems) containing the two adjoining boundary elements. Shape functions for boundary values are represented by linear approximation. The integrals of the kernel shape function products can be calculated quite accurately by using Gaussian integration formula. The paper shows a few analytical results concerning two elastic bodies in contact with each other. The contact pressure along the contact surface without friction is in good agreement with the exact solution. If fiction exists on the contact surface, the influences of the changed pressure distribution due to the friction on the contact stresses are considered in this paper
Monoclonal Antibodies to Human Neuroblastoma Cells and Other Solid Tumors

My own interest in and work with monoclonal antibodies to human tumor cells originated from diagnostic and therapeutic experiences in children with solid tumors. Therefore, this chapter attempts primarily to review the present status of the ability of monoclonal antibodies to meet clinical needs, to point out problems and restrictions with the current available antibodies, and to show recent approaches to overcome them. A brief look at the general potential of monoclonal antibodies to tumor cells is followed by an overview concerning the actual available antitumor antibodies and the necessary requirements for diagnostic and therapeutic use in cancer patients. Special problems like specificity and heterogeneity, as well as recent advances in cytological detection of bone marrow metastasis, in radioimmunoimaging of bone metastasis, and in therapeutic efforts are discussed in detail for antineuroblastoma antibodies, the field of my own special interest in clinic and laboratory.
Introductory Remarks: How to Solve the Problem of Adhesion-a Prescription

The symposium in which we are participating is a multidisciplinary one. The symposium was set up in this mode of presentation, in response to the needs of the problem. I would like to offer, at this time, some multidisciplinary remarks as to how we can go about solving the general problem of adhesion. There are, I believe, three components or steps which must be taken, and one of these steps must be taken simultaneously with the other two.
Purposeful Preservation of Shibusawa Eiichi’s Legacy

The chapter focuses on efforts to keep Shibusawa Eiichi’s message of Confucian capitalism in public discourse. Eiichi’s grandson Shibusawa Keizo had a scholarly interest in cultural preservation, which contributed greatly to the collection and publication of Eiichi’s papers. The Dragon Gate Society (Ryumonsha), later renamed the Shibusawa Eiichi Memorial Foundation, maintains a museum and organizes seminars devoted to discussions of business ethics. Critics argue that the “Japan, Inc.” model of Japanese capitalism that Shibusawa helped create has now become an obstacle to progress. However, Shibusawa’s optimistic strategy of building networks of talented and innovative entrepreneurs with an ethical sense of mission is still attractive to those who hope to bring about needed reforms in both politics and business.
Patterns of weight control behavior persisting beyond young adulthood: Results from a 15‐year longitudinal study

OBJECTIVE Dieting and unhealthy weight control behaviors have been associated with negative outcomes. Most research has examined the prevalence of these behaviors in adolescence and young adulthood. Less is known about whether they persist further into adulthood. We examined patterns of weight control behaviors beyond young adulthood using data from 1,455 males and females participating in Project EAT (Eating and Activity in Teens and Young Adults), a 15-year population-based, longitudinal study. METHOD Participants completed surveys assessing dieting, high-frequency dieting (i.e., 5+ times/year), unhealthy weight control (e.g., fasting), and extreme weight control (e.g., vomiting) at each 5-year assessment (Waves 1-4). Longitudinal logistic regression models tested trends in weight control behaviors across the waves. Likelihood of persisting or discontinuing each behavior from Wave 3 to Wave 4 was examined through cross tabulations. RESULTS Between Waves 3 and 4 in adulthood, dieting increased for both genders (Women: p < .001; Men: p = .004) and high-frequency dieting (p < .001) and unhealthy weight control behaviors (p = .011) increased for men. For both genders, dieting and unhealthy weight control patterns initiated in prior to young adulthood were more likely to persist than cease in adulthood (ps < .001). DISCUSSION Weight control behaviors continue to be prevalent in adulthood, and to especially increase among men. Research is needed to understand the consequences of weight control behaviors in different life stages; however, the results suggest that interventions to decrease unhealthy weight management practices may be needed well into adulthood.
On Linearized Nordstr\" om Supergravity in Eleven and Ten Dimensional Superspaces (2)

We present aspects of the component description of linearized Nordstr\" om Supergravity in eleven and ten dimensions. The presentation includes low order component fields in the supermultiplet, the supersymmetry variations of the scalar graviton and gravitino trace, their supercovariantized field strengths, and the supersymmetry commutator algebra of these theories.
B7-H3 expression in Merkel cell carcinoma–associated endothelial cells correlates with locally aggressive primary tumor features and increased vascular density

Purpose: Merkel cell carcinoma is an aggressive cutaneous malignancy whose pathogenesis and prognosis are related to the integrity of the host immune system. Despite promising clinical responses to immune checkpoint blockade, response and resistance remain unpredictable, underscoring a critical need to delineate novel prognostic biomarkers and/or therapeutic targets for this disease. Experimental Design: Expression of immune regulatory markers (PD-L2, B7-H3, B7-H4, IDO-1, ICOS, TIM3, LAG3, VISTA and OX-40) was assessed using singlet chromogenic immunohistochemistry in 10 primary MCCs. Multiplex immunofluorescence (mIF) quantified CD31 and B7-H3 expression in 52 primary and 25 metastatic MCCs. B7-H3 and CD31 expression were tabulated as a series of independent (X,Y) cell centroids. A spatial G-function, calculated based on the distribution of distances of B7-H3+ (X,Y) cell centroids around the CD31+ (X,Y) cell centroids, was used to estimate a co-localization index equivalent to the percentage of CD31-positive cell centroids that overlap with a B7-H3-poisitive cell centroid. Results:Primary and metastatic MCC exhibit a dynamic range of co-localized CD31 and B7-H3 expression. Increasing co-localized expression of B7-H3 with CD31 significantly associated with increased tumor size (p=0.0060), greater depth of invasion (p=0.0110), presence of lymphovascular invasion (p=0.0453) and invasion beyond skin (p=0.0428) in primary MCC. Consistent with these findings, increasing co-localized expression of B7-H3 and CD31 correlated with increasing vascular density in primary MCC, but not metastatic MCC. Conclusions:Our results demonstrate that co-localized expression of B7-H3/CD31 is a poor prognostic indicator and suggest therapies targeting B7-H3 may represent an effective approach to augmenting immune-activating therapies for MCC.
Between community and culture: The criticality of landscape infrastructure reuse in India

In the Indian subcontinent, the lack or excess of water can be a matter of life or death, making it an incredibly powerful element in the landscape. This essay surveys the reuse of three vernacular...