cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Monolithically integrated optical waveguide devices for microwave beamforming

The Army is developing an optically controlled phased-array antenna using waveguide systems for SatCom and terrestrial communication purposes. This system uses a simpler optical phase-shifting scheme to produce the microwave beamforming in the optical domain. The optical beamforming unit receives two perpendicularly polarized light beams separated by the microwave frequency from a laser heterodyne source. The beamforming waveguide circuit y-splits them into n channels and makes individual relative phase-shifts between the two beams at the end of each waveguide channel. At the output of each channel, via a fiber, the light beams beat at a photodetector near each microwave-radiating patch element to generate the heterodyne microwave signal with an appropriate phase for beamforming. The antenna may require from 100 to more than 1000 antenna elements. Therefore, the major challenge for this photonic system is to integrate a large number of passive optical waveguide devices such as splitters with active optical devices like amplifiers and modulators.
Autonomous learning of vision-based layered object models on mobile robots

Although mobile robots are increasingly being used in real-world applications, the ability to robustly sense and interact with the environment is still missing. A key requirement for the widespread deployment of mobile robots is the ability to operate autonomously by learning desired environmental models and revising the learned models in response to environmental changes. This paper presents an approach that enables a mobile robot to autonomously learn layered models for environmental objects using temporal, local and global visual cues. A temporal assessment of image gradient features is used to detect candidate objects, which are then modeled using color distribution statistics and a spatial representation of gradient features. The robot incrementally revises the learned models and uses them for object recognition and tracking based on a matching scheme comprising a spatial similarity measure and second order distribution statistics. All algorithms are implemented and tested on a wheeled robot platform in dynamic indoor environments.
VLSI Implementation of TInMANN

A massively parallel, all-digital, stochastic architecture - TInMANN - is described which performs competitive and Kohonen types of learning. A VLSI design is shown for a TInMANN neuron which fits within a small, inexpensive MOSIS TinyChip frame, yet which can be used to build larger networks of several hundred neurons. The neuron operates at a speed of 15 MHz which allows the network to process 290,000 training examples per second. Use of level sensitive scan logic provides the chip with 100% fault coverage, permitting very reliable neural systems to be built.
Calibration of magnetic granulometric trends in oceanic basalts

Abstract The validity of magnetic granulometric estimates relies heavily on the ability to distinguish ultrafine particles from coarser grains. For example, populations with dominantly superparamagnetic (SP) or multidomain (MD) grains both are characterized by low remanence and coercivity, and distinguishing these endmembers may provide valuable clues to the origin of magnetization in the intervening stable single domain (SD) size range. The natural grain size variations associated with variable cooling rates in submarine lavas provide a rare opportunity for examining progressive changes in average magnetic grain size, from SP–SD mixtures in submarine basaltic glass to SD–MD mixtures in flow interiors. Based on microanalysis and rock magnetic measurements on pillow basalt samples dredged from the flanks of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (ages
Industrialization and national development in the British Isles

Summary This article examines the relationship between industrialization and regional inequality in England, Wales, Scotland and Ireland, from 1851 to 1961. Data on several indicators of economic and social development have been collected by county units from published government statistics. Whereas industrialization is often thought to contribute to national development through the gradual effacement of regional inequality, no such pattern is evident in this case study. On the contrary, the structural position of the Celtic fringe did not improve as a consequence of long‐term industrialization in Britain. The Celtic lands within the British Isles have instead undergone a type of dependent development similar to that described among societies of the Third World. The spatial diffusion of industrialization has been sharply constrained in the Celtic territories, resulting in economic and social dualism. Celtic counties have consistently had lower per capita incomes than comparably industrialized counties wit...
Comparison of Computational and Experimental Results for a Transonic Variable-speed Power-Turbine Blade Operating with Low Inlet Turbulence Levels

A computational assessment of the aerodynamic performance of the midspan section of a variable-speed power-turbine blade is described. The computation comprises a periodic single blade that represents the 2-D Midspan section VSPT blade that was tested in the NASA Glenn Research Center Transonic Turbine Blade Cascade Facility. A commercial, off-the-shelf (COTS) software package, Pointwise and CFD++, was used for the grid generation and RANS and URANS computations. The CFD code, which offers flexibility in terms of turbulence and transition modeling options, was assessed in terms of blade loading, loss, and turning against test data from the transonic tunnel. Simulations were assessed at positive and negative incidence angles that represent the turbine cruise and take-off design conditions. The results indicate that the secondary flow induced at the positive incidence cruise condition results in a highly loaded case and transitional flow on the blade is observed. The negative incidence take-off condition is unloaded and the flow is very two-dimensional. The computational results demonstrate the predictive capability of the gridding technique and COTS software for a linear transonic turbine blade cascade with large incidence angle variation.
Modellierung und Entwurf von Anwendungen

Dies ist eine leider weit verbreitete, jedoch im allgemeinen als falsch anzusehende Meinung. Es ist sicherlich eine Tatsache, das bestimmte technologische Aspekte wie die Art des Mediums mit der verwendeten Kodierung und Kompression von grundlegender Bedeutung sind. Jedoch werden auch durch die Anwendungen selbst wesentliche Anforderungen an das System gestellt.
Studies of interactions among drugs in man at the renal level: probenecid and sulfinpyrazone.

The interactions between the uricosuric agents probenecid and sulfinpyrazone were studied in subjects with gout by means of renal clearance experiments. It was found that in both acid and alkaline urine, probenecid markedly inhibited renal tubular secretion of sulfinpyrazone without significantly altering the maximal uric acid clearance observed with each drug alone. It was also observed that probenecid inhibits the tubular secretion of the p-hydroxy metabolite of sulfinpyrazone. The implications of these findings are discussed in terms of multiple "cascade" renal interactions among administered drugs and their respective metabolites.
In Crises—Lost or Found Horizons

Good evening, my colleagues. This meeting marks the 73rd year in the history of our Association, and it is my pleasure to be given the opportunity to present this extended Presidential Address tonight. As my first term of office has drawn to a close, it seems fitting to take time to look back over the past 3 years and highlight some of the accomplishments of our Association. Even I was astounded at what we have done or are in the process of doing. Certainly, many truly dedicated physical therapists and physical therapist assistants have put in untold hours in making many of these activities possible. In the area of education, we must look at both public education and awareness as well as physical therapy education. To enhance public education and awareness, we changed PT Week to PT Month.…
Optical Detection of Narrow Rb 87 Hyperfine Absorption Lines

Optical detection of the ground state hyperfine transition has been reported for sodium vapor and for cesium vapor. The collisional narrowing technique suggested by Dicke was used to reduce the Doppler width, Results are reported for Rb/sup 87/ vapor using a different optical pumping method. Absorption lines narrower, by a factor 300, than the normal Doppler width were achieved. The experimental arrangement is described. (W.D.M.)
Beyond “filling in the gap”: the state and status of Latina/o Feminist Media Studies

Against the socio-economic and cultural backdrop of the ongoing Latina/o media “boom,” this critical literature review delineates the location and status of contemporary Latina/o Feminist Media Studies. Departing from a critique of current mainstream Feminist Media Studies research and citational practices, it traces the influence of rapidly expanding transnational Latina/o media markets, the gendering of Latinidad, and transnational feminisms on recent Latina/o Feminist Media Studies scholarship. As it not only breaks with exclusively domestic analyses of intersectionality and accurately reflects twenty-first century media’s transnational orientation, this essay argues that the theoretical paradigms and thematic concerns of Latina/o Feminist Media Studies must ultimately be reframed as central, not marginal, to Feminist Media Studies research.
Unsupervised fault detection using semidefinite programming

We present an unsupervised, data driven method for detecting faults in dynamical systems based upon recent results in polynomial optimization. The proposed technique only requires information about the statistical moments of the normal-state distribution of the system. We demonstrate our method by detecting damage in a bearing test rig.
Factors Influencing the Therapy of Experimental Proteus mirabilis Meningitis in Rabbits

The therapy of Proteus mirabilis meningitis with gentamicin alone and in combination with chloramphenicol was studied in a rabbit model. Antibiotics were administered for 8 hr. Samples of serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) obtained simultaneously were assayed at 2-hr intervals for antibiotic concentration and counts of bacteria in CSF. The percentage of penetration ([concentration in CSF ++ concentration in serum] x 100%) of gentamicin ranged from 14% to 23%, but very large dosages were required to kill bacteria in the CSF. Although the minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) of gentamicin was 1 pdgiml, killing in vivo occurred only when concentrations in CSF were 10-30 times the MBC. The high concentration required for bactericidal activity in vivo may be explained by the reduced pH of infected CSF (mean pH, 6.98; range, 6.69-7.18). The bactericidal action of gentamicin was abolished by the simultaneous administration of chloramphenicol. Titers of bacteria in CSF were reduced 2.60 loglo (mean) with gentamicin therapy vs. 0.92 log10 (mean) with the combination (P < 0.01). The morbidity and mortality associated with meningitis due to gram-negative bacilli have remained high throughout the antibiotic era. Case-fatality rates have ranged between 40% and 70%, and severe neurologic sequelae have been noted in 35%-75% of survivors [1-12]. The slow response to antibiotics may contribute to these poor therapeutic results [13]. Neonates with meningitis due to gram-negative bacilli often have positive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cultures for several days following the initiation of antimicro
Fiber-optic Fourier transform infrared (FO-FTIR) spectroscopy for detecting endotoxin contamination in ophthalmic viscosurgical devices (OVDS)(Conference Presentation)

Ophthalmic Viscosurgical Devices (OVDs) in clinical setting are a major health risk factor for potential endotoxin contamination in the eye, due to their extensive applications in cataract surgery for space creation, stabilization and protection of intraocular tissue and intraocular lens (IOL) during implantation. Endotoxin contamination of OVDs is implicated in toxic anterior syndrome (TASS), a severe complication of cataract surgery that leads to intraocular damage and even blindness. Current standard methods for endotoxin contamination detection utilize rabbit assay or Limulus amoebocyte lysate (LAL) assays. These endotoxin detection strategies are extremely difficult for gel-like type devices such as OVDs. To overcome the endotoxin detection limitations in OVDs, we have developed an alternative optical detection methodology for label-free and real-time sensing of bacterial endotoxin in OVDs, based on fiber-optic Fourier transform infrared (FO-FTIR) transmission spectrometry in the mid-IR spectral range from 2.5 micron to 12 micron. Endotoxin contaminated OVD test samples were prepared by serial dilutions of endotoxins on OVDs. The major results of this study revealed two salient spectral peak shifts (in the regions 2925 to 2890 cm^-1 and 1125 to 1100 cm^-1), which are associated with endotoxin in OVDs. In addition, FO-FTIR experimental results processed using a multivariate analysis confirmed the observed specific peak shifts associated with endotoxin contamination in OVDs. Thus, employing the FO-FTIR sensing methodology integrated with a multivariate analysis could potentially be used as an alternative endotoxin detection technique in OVD.
307SERRATIA MARCESCENSBRAIN ABSCESS IN A VERY LOW BIRTH WEIGHT INFANT.

Serratia marcescens is an enteric pathogen that is more likely to infect relatively immunocompromised hosts. Brain abscesses are relatively uncommon infections in neonates but when they occur are usually due to infections with gram-negative organisms. We report a case of a brain abscess due to S. marcescens in a very low birth weight (VLBW) neonate. The patient was one of triplets born at 30 wk gestation with a birth weight of 1,450 g. Cranial ultrasound during the first week of life was normal. On the 25th day of life, increased apnea, bradycardia, feeding intolerance, and lethargy occurred, followed by a generalized seizure. Laboratory evaluation revealed anemia, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia. Cultures of blood and CSF yielded S.marcescens. Head CT scan demonstrated multiple brain abscesses. MRI showed bilateral cerebral cystic changes, and fluid samples from the right cystic structure grew S.marcescens with different sensitivities than the initial CSF cultures. The patient was initially treated with tobramycin and cefotaxime, and a week later cefotaxime was switched to cefipime; the cefipime was discontinued after 3 weeks of treatment. Meropenem was continued for 3 weeks after the first negative culture, after the second culture of S. marcescens was found from the brain abscess. The patient was transferred to a local hospice after failing to respond to treatment. We conclude that development of brain abscesses should be considered and screened for in very low birth weight neonates with S. marcescens meningitis.
EVALUATION OF INSECTICIDE SEED TREATMENTS AGAINST CATERPILLAR PESTS IN SWEET CORN, 2011

The purpose of this study was to evaluate insecticide seed treatments against caterpillar pests in sweet corn at the Central Crops Research Station in Clayton, NC. The trial was arranged in a RCB with 5 treatments and four replicates. Plots were 3 rows by 35 ft long planted on 38 inch centers. Sweet corn seed was planted on 24 May 2011 using a single row push planter with 8 inch within row plant spacing. All insecticide treatments were applied to the seed prior to arrival at NCSU. Stand counts were made on 8 Jun by counting the number of plants in a randomly selected five ft section of row two in each plot. A measure of seedling vigor was also taken on 8 Jun by counting the number of expanded leaves on five plants in each plot. Ten randomly selected plants from the second row of each three row plot were evaluated for caterpillar feeding damage and the presence of live caterpillars on 14, 21, 28 Jun and 5 Jul. Treatment means were analyzed using the General Linear Model Procedure in SAS (Version 9.1). When treatment differences were indicated by GLM, means were separated by LSD. All percent data were subjected to arcsine square root transformation prior to analysis. Untransformed data are presented.
Using RECAP: The Law as a PACER Supplement

"RECAP: The Law" is a free browser extension that downloads purchased documents from PACER and makes them freely available to the public in the Internet Archive. This poster shows you how to use RECAP to locate documents in a specific case and to find sample documents. It also shows some of the benefits and drawbacks to using RECAP to locate federal court documents.
Measuring the effects of publication bias in political science

Prior research finds that statistically significant results are overrepresented in scientific publications. If significant results are consistently favored in the review process, published results could systematically overstate the magnitude of their findings even under ideal conditions. In this paper, we measure the impact of this publication bias on political science using a new data set of published quantitative results. Although any measurement of publication bias depends on the prior distribution of empirical relationships, we determine that published estimates in political science are on average substantially larger than their true value under a variety of reasonable choices for this prior. We also find that many published estimates have a false positive probability substantially greater than the conventional α = 0.05 threshold for statistical significance if the prior probability of a null relationship exceeds 50%. Finally, although the proportion of published false positives would be reduced if si...
Composition and Compositionality in CPS

Abstract Model- and component-based design methods have resulted in dramatic increase of design productivity in several narrowly focused homogeneous domains, such as signal processing, control, and aspects of electronic design. A similar impact is expected on the design productivity of complex cyber-physical systems (CPS) if the challenges caused by heterogeneity of models and tools in design flows can be managed. This chapter examines the impact of heterogeneity on the composition and compositionality properties of models and tools and argues that new horizontal integration platforms for models, tools, and executions need to be developed to achieve progress. Using actual experience with developing an integrated design automation tool suite for vehicle power trains, OpenMETA, the chapter discusses the integration architecture and presents examples for a key component of the model and tool integration platforms, the OpenMETA Semantic Backplane.
The Shift of a Dividend Policy and a Leverage Policy during the 2008 Financial Crisis.

This paper investigates how firms shifted their dividend policies and leverage policies in response to the economic shock caused by the 2008 financial crisis. The sample countries are United States, Great Britain, France, Germany, Australia, Japan, China, and Korea. The empirical relationship of firms’ dividend policies with their capital structures and earnings was likely to undergo a major change around the 2008 financial crisis, as firms adjusted their capital structures and dividend policies in response to the extreme credit crunch caused by the financial crisis. The extent and the speed that firms deleverage themselves and reduce their dividends were likely to be influenced by countries’ cultural and social norms. This paper finds a significant reduction in dividends across sample countries except Great Britain and France after the 2008 crisis. This finding supports the free cash flow theory that dividends are paid to dissipate free cash flow to address agency conflicts between managers and shareholders. This paper finds a higher correlation between dividends and leverages before the 2008 crisis, and that it strengthened after the crisis except Great Britain and Korea. This finding is consistent more with the pecking order theory than with the trade-off theory of leverage.
Routines and transactive memory systems: Creating, coordinating, retaining, and transferring knowledge in organizations

Abstract This chapter compares and contrasts the effects of two knowledge repositories, routines and transactive memory systems (TMSs), on knowledge creation, coordination, retention and transfer. We provide overviews of research on the two knowledge repositories, with particular attention to how they form and change. We then discuss the relationship between routines and TMSs. We also compare and contrast routines and TMSs in terms of their capabilities to promote knowledge creation, coordination, retention and transfer in organizations. Routines can transfer across organizations, and they are resilient to member turnover. Although routines can be a source of inertia, they can also enable change. TMSs are susceptible to member turnover and are not easily transferred to other organizations. TMSs promote innovation and are particularly valuable under conditions of uncertainty. We argue that TMSs and routines are reciprocally related. Routines can seed TMSs and TMSs can crystalize into routines. We hope that our chapter stimulates future research on the interrelationship between routines and TMSs and their effects on knowledge creation, coordination, retention, and transfer in organizations.
It Is a Brave New World: Alternative Payment Models and Value Creation in Total Joint Arthroplasty: Creating Value for TJR, Quality and Cost-Effectiveness Programs

Abstract Background The increasing cost of our country's healthcare is not sustainable. To address this crisis, the federal government is transiting healthcare reimbursement from the traditional volume-based system to a value-based system. As such, increasing healthcare value has become an essential point of discussion for all healthcare stakeholders. Methods The purpose of this study is to discuss the importance of healthcare value as a means to achieve this goal of value-based medicine and 3 methods to create value in total joint arthroplasty. Results These methods are to: (1) improve outcomes greater than the increased costs to achieve this improvement, (2) decrease costs without affecting outcomes, and (3) decrease costs while simultaneously improving outcomes. Conclusion Following these guidelines will help practitioners thrive in a bundled care environment.
Disease complexity and economic burden on patients with colon cancer in the SEER-Medicare population.

30Background: The relatively high cost of cancer care is receiving national attention. Treating cancer includes not only managing this illness, but also the complications and exacerbation of the patients’ underlying comorbid conditions. The purpose of this study was to analyze how the charges for colon cancer care are affected by the complexity of the patients’ underlying health problems. Methods: We searched the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-Medicare database to identify patients diagnosed with colon cancer from 2009 through 2011. The estimated charges of the patients’ Medicare claims were stratified by survival time, disease stage, patient age, and comorbidity number. We defined patients’ 12 months of care as the 1 month immediately preceding cancer diagnosis plus the 11 months immediately following diagnosis. Results: We identified 10,822 patients newly diagnosed with colon cancer during the study period. Of those patients, one quarter died within 11 months after diagnosis. Treatment for ...
NTEP Turf-Type Tall Fescue Study

The National Turfgrass Evaluation Program (NTEP) conducts trials throughout the United States on turfgrass adaptation. This trial was established in September 2012 as part of the NTEP program. This is the fifth year data have been collected on this trial. It contains 116 turf-type tall fescue cultivars.
3: Austria, 1899–1931: Hayek’s ‘Reaction’—Restoring the ‘World Restored’ of the 1820s

Hayek, a superstition-promoting, neo-Feudal ‘spontaneous’ order reactionary, dated the deluge to the 1820s: ‘Before that, there was never any serious revolt against the market society, because every farmer knew he had to sell his grain.’ Rothbard, his co-leader of the fourth generation Austrian School, also insisted: ‘We shall repeal the 20th century.’ This nostalgia leads Austrian economists like the fraud Sudha Shenoy to promote a fantasy version of the nineteenth century: there were ‘no major wars between 1815 and 1914. The world’s armies and navies did not know what to do.’ Mises advised Otto, the Habsburg Pretender, on ‘how monarchy might be restored in Austria’, while Otto insisted that ‘the separation of church and state in France is wrong.’
Observation Versus Inpatient Stay for Heart Failure: Is It Semantics?

More than 6 million Americans have heart failure (HF), and the prevalence continues to increase.[1][1] In 2010, there were ≈1 million hospitalizations for acute decompensated HF, with most in patients aged ≥65 years.[2][2] Accordingly, the healthcare costs associated with HF hospitalizations
Susceptibility of HER2+ breast cancer cells to poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibition independent of an inherent DNA repair defect.

621 Background: HER2 overexpression in breast cancer confers increased tumor aggressiveness. Targeted therapy against HER2 has improved outcomes, but resistance and disease progression ultimately o...
Ryū: fast float-to-string conversion

We present Ryū, a new routine to convert binary floating point numbers to their decimal representations using only fixed-size integer operations, and prove its correctness. Ryū is simpler and approximately three times faster than the previously fastest implementation.
Efficacy of vaporized hydrogen peroxide for repeated sterilization of a single‐use single‐incision laparoscopic surgery port

OBJECTIVE: To determine the ability of vaporized hydrogen peroxide (VHP) to sterilize a single‐use single‐incision laparoscopic surgery port and its associated components after repeated simulated uses. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective in vitro experimental study. SAMPLE POPULATION: Six single‐use single‐incision laparoscopic surgery ports with associated cannulas and insufflation tubing. METHODS: Ports, cannulas, and tubing were subjected to 10 cycles of simulated use, bacterial inoculation with Staphylococcus pseudintermedius and Escherichia coli, decontamination and sterilization, and testing via culture based on their treatment group designation. Bacteriological scores were compared among the negative control, positive control, and 4 treated ports and components. RESULTS: There was no difference in bacteriological scores between treated ports, cannulas, and insufflation tubing and the negative control port and components. Bacteriological scores of ports and components undergoing 6‐10 cycles were not significantly different from scores of ports and components undergoing 5 or fewer sterilization cycles. No difference was found in detection of bacteria from treated ports by biopsy of the foam versus sampling via wash. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that a single‐use single‐incision laparoscopic port and its associated components can be effectively sterilized after multiple simulated uses by using VHP. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Reuse of a single‐use single‐incision laparoscopic port is a safe and effective method of cost reduction in veterinary patients.
Adolescent postpartum care: what daughters want and what their mothers expect to provide.

Abstract A cross sectional survey design was used to measure mothers' (n=36) expected involvement in the care of their parenting adolescent daughters and grandchildren after postpartum discharge, and to measure adolescents' (n=36) expectations about their mothers' involvement in the care of themselves and their newborns. Adolescents were first-time low-risk English-speaking mothers 15-19 years of age with low-risk newborns. No difference was found between the amount of care mothers expected to give their daughters and the amount of care that daughters expected to receive from their mothers, z = -.500, p = .62. No difference was found between the amount of newborn care mothers expected to give their grandchildren and the amount of newborn care that daughters expected their mothers to provide, z = -1.000, p = .32. Involvement of mothers in the postpartum care of their daughters and grandchildren needs further study, but with precautions, nurses may consider including mothers in the maternal and newborn care of adolescents.
State Estate, Inheritance, and Gift Taxes: Uncertainty at the Federal Level Passes Down to the States

I examine the effect of federal estate tax changes on the states. In this paper, I provide an overview of state estate, inheritance and gift tax laws, present a perspective on sources of state tax revenue, and examine the effect of federal tax law changes on the states in recent years. The final section provides evidence regarding the effect of estate, inheritance, and gift tax law on state-to-state migration, family businesses, and the nonprofit sector of the economy.
Finite Memory Clocks

How does one tell time when the number of states in the clock is insufficient to count the elapsed time? For that matter, how good are humans at estimating the passage of time?
A GLR Control Chart for Monitoring the Process Variance

This paper considers the problem of monitoring the variance of a normally distributed process variable when the objective is to effectively detect both small and large increases in the variance. The performance of a generalized likelihood ratio (GLR) control chart is evaluated, where the likelihood ratio is based on a moving window of past observations. The performance of the GLR chart is compared to the performance of other options such as Shewhart charts, CUSUM charts, and combinations of two CUSUM charts. It is shown that the overall performance of the GLR chart is as good as or better than these other options. A CUSUM chart has a tuning parameter which allows for the chart to be tuned to be sensitive to a certain shift of interest. However, the GLR chart does not require users to specify the values of any tuning parameters other than the size of the window and the control limit. We recommend a specific window size, and provide a table of control limits corresponding to specified values of the in-control average number of samples to signal, so the GLR chart has the advantage that it can be easily designed for use in applications. Simulating the performance of the GLR chart is time consuming, but the GLR chart can be very well approximated with a set of CUSUM charts, and this provides a fast method for evaluating the performance of the GLR chart.
Are Memristors the Future of AI

We review the state-of-the-art of neuromorphic memristor science and technology. We cover principles of memristors and neuromorphic systems, computational models of memristors, and hardware implementations. Potential applications of memristors are also described, including supercomputing, image processing, computer vision, intelligent control, and robotics. This review is based on the chapters of the present volume, which extend the materials of the invited and plenary talks given at the series of events on memristors in 2011. We elaborate on challenges and future perspectives of this promising new research field.
Neck Ultrasound in Patients with Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma

There are limited data on the role of neck ultrasound (US) in the surveillance of patients with follicular thyroid cancer (FTC). Here, we analyze the likelihood of US to find structural disease in patients with FTC and evaluate if initial American Thyroid Association (ATA) risk stratification and the response to therapy categories [the latter based on thyroglobulin (Tg) levels] modify that likelihood. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 32 patients with FTC in our institution. We included all patients with well-differentiated FTC who underwent total thyroidectomy and radioactive iodine (RAI) treatment without neck structural disease at the time of RAI and with Tg and US at least 6 months after RAI. After a median follow-up of 4.3 years, two patients (6.3%) had structural disease by US. None of the 18 patients with initial ATA low-risk disease had structural disease by US in contrast to higher, but not significant, frequency of 18.2% (2/11) in patients with initial ATA high-risk disease (p = 0.14). Based on Tg levels, 24/32 patients had excellent response to therapy and 8/32 had biochemical incomplete/indeterminate response. None of the patients with excellent response had structural disease by US versus 2/8 (25%) patients with biochemical incomplete/indeterminate response all of whom had other sites of structural disease (p = 0.054). Our findings suggest that neck US in FTC is unlikely to find structural disease with initial low-risk ATA or excellent response to therapy but can detect structural disease in some patients with initial ATA high-risk or incomplete/indeterminate responses to therapy.
Genomic Profiling of BDE-47 Effects on Human Placental Cytotrophoblasts

Despite gradual legislative efforts to phase out flame retardants (FRs) from the marketplace, polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are still widely detected in human maternal and fetal tissues, eg, placenta, due to their continued global application in consumer goods and inherent biological persistence. Recent studies in rodents and human placental cell lines suggest that PBDEs directly cause placental toxicity. During pregnancy, trophoblasts play key roles in uterine invasion, vascular remodeling, and anchoring of the placenta-fetal unit to the mother. Thus, to study the potential consequences of PBDE exposures on human placental development, we used an in vitro model: primary villous cytotrophoblasts (CTBs). Following exposures, the endpoints that were evaluated included cytotoxicity, function (migration, invasion), the transcriptome, and the methylome. In a concentration-dependent manner, common PBDE congeners, BDE-47 and -99, significantly reduced cell viability and increased death. Upon exposures to sub-cytotoxic concentrations (≤ 5 µM), we observed BDE-47 accumulation in CTBs with limited evidence of metabolism. At a functional level, BDE-47 hindered the ability of CTBs to migrate and invade. Transcriptomic analyses of BDE-47 effects suggested concentration-dependent changes in gene expression, involving stress pathways, eg, inflammation and lipid/cholesterol metabolism as well as processes underlying trophoblast fate, eg, differentiation, migration, and vascular morphogenesis. In parallel assessments, BDE-47 induced low-level global increases in methylation of CpG islands, including a subset that were proximal to genes with roles in cell adhesion/migration. Thus, using a primary human CTB model, we showed that PBDEs induced alterations at cellular and molecular levels, which could adversely impact placental development.
Transfusion Therapy: Is There a Link with Cancer Recurrence?

To present an updated narrative review of the available clinical evidence regarding the impact of perioperative anemia and blood product administration on cancer recurrence and mortality. To address some of the current strategies to reduce blood transfusions and their safety in oncologic surgery. Both anemia and packed red blood cells (pRBCs) transfusions have been associated with an increased risk of recurrence and mortality in certain solid malignancies. Anemia directly stimulates protective mechanisms against apoptosis of cancer cells while promoting a favorable micro-environment and reducing the efficacy of anticancer therapies. When transfusion occurs, transfusion-related immunomodulation (TRIM) mediates the immunosuppression and inflammation responsible for the impairment of the host immune system to appropriately eliminate cancer cells. However, pRBCs can also promote tumor growth by non-TRIM mechanisms. Evidence of the negative impact of perioperative anemia and blood transfusions on cancer recurrence and mortality should raise concern about the appropriate timing of blood transfusions in patients with cancer undergoing surgical procedures. Blood sparing strategies such as acute normovolemic hemodilution, autologous pRBCs transfusions and intraoperative cell savage appear to be safe means to minimize allogeneic pRBCs in the context of cancer surgery, although the safety of these strategies has not been rigorously tested in randomized controlled trials.
What can I do when first-line measures are not enough for vasovagal syncope?

Second-line measures include midodrine, fludrocortisone, beta-blockers, and SSRIs, but evidence is limited.
OR26: TOLEROGENIC EFFECTS OF EVEROLIMUS AND OTHER DRUGS USED IN COMBINATION AS STUDIED USING THE “TREG-MLR”

Aim Everolimus (EVL) is an mTOR-inhibitor and a modified form of Sirolimus (SRL) which is used clinically in combination with Mycophenolate and/or Tacrolimus (TAC). The aim was to tests the effects of EVL alone or in combination with Mycophenolic acid (MPA), the in vivo active form of Mycophenolate or TAC on the generation of regulatory T cells (Tregs) using the Treg-MLR previously described. Methods Therapeutic or sub-therapeutic drug concentrations of EVL, MPA and TAC and alone or in combination were added to MLRs of healthy volunteers, assessing proliferation by 3H-TdR incorporation and newly generated CD4 + CD127 − CD25 High FOXP3 + (nTregs) and CD4 + CD127 − CD25 + FOXP3 + (tTregs) in CFSE labeled responder cells by flow cytometry. Results In comparison to medium controls, EVL dose-dependently inhibited proliferation but amplified the generation of Treg subsets in HLA 2-DR matched and mismatched MLRs ( n = 10) with similar effects seen testing MPA. However, TAC inhibited both the proliferation and generation of Tregs confirming our previous results. Combinations of EVL + MPA inhibited proliferation and amplified the generation of both nTregs and tTregs in an additive manner, when compared to medium controls or each drug tested alone ( p Conclusions In conclusion, EVL has the same regulatory mechanism of action as SRL we tested previously. Since EVL does not have the black box warning unlike SRL against its use in liver transplant patients (LT), EVL may be substituted for its tolerogenic effects in LT studies.
Training High School Student “Citizen Scientists” to Document School Water Access: A Feasibility Study

Background Youth water consumption is inadequate. Increasing adolescent water consumption could support decreased dental caries and body mass index (BMI). Most schools are required to provide free, potable water. However, there is evidence that schools' self-reported compliance data overestimate access to water in schools. We tested the feasibility of using student citizen scientists to collect high quality observational data about water sources in schools. Methods We trained 12 teams of high school students to use a validated photo-evidence protocol to photograph and submit data on water sources in elementary and secondary schools. We surveyed students and advisors to assess student learning, advisor burden, and project feasibility. Results Students submitted data for 325 water sources across 40 racially and economically diverse schools. We were able to use 99% of the student-submitted photographs to measure water source wear, cleanliness, accessibility, and flow. The majority of students (72%, N = 70) spent under 2 hours photographing each school. The majority of students and advisors felt the project was valuable and feasible. Conclusions High school students can use a photographic method to collect data for analysis, and understand access to water in schools. This is a feasible, scalable, cost-effective method to gather valid water source data.
Palivizumab and Long-term Outcomes in Cystic Fibrosis

BACKGROUND: The American Academy of Pediatrics does not recommend routine use of palivizumab prophylaxis for infants with cystic fibrosis (CF) but recommends consideration in infants with clinical evidence of chronic lung disease or nutritional compromise. However, the beneficial impact of palivizumab on longer-term outcomes is uncertain. METHODS: We used Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Patient Registry data to assess the association of receiving palivizumab during the first 2 years of life with longer-term outcomes, including lung function at 7 years old, time to first positive Pseudomonas respiratory culture, and pulmonary–related hospitalizations during the first 7 years of life. Eligible infants were born from 2008 to 2015 and diagnosed with CF during the first 6 months of life. Demographic and clinical confounders of association between palivizumab receipt and outcomes were explored. We created propensity scores to adjust for potential confounding by indication (ie, sicker infants were more likely to receive palivizumab). For each outcome, we performed regression analyses adjusted by propensity scores. RESULTS: The sample included 4267 infants; 1588 (37%) received palivizumab. Mean percent forced expiratory volume in 1 second predicted at 7 years old was similar among those who did (98.2; 95% confidence interval: 96.9–99.5) and did not (97.3; 95% confidence interval: 96.1–98.5) received palivizumab, adjusting for propensity scores. Time to first positive Pseudomonas aeruginosa culture and annual risk of hospitalization were similar among those who did and did not receive palivizumab. CONCLUSIONS: At the population level, palivizumab receipt was not associated with improved longer-term outcomes in children with CF.
Data-integrity Checks and Balances in Monitoring of a Solar PV System

This paper proposes to perform certain integrity checks and balances to omit the wrong data in the monitoring of a solar PV plant. Further, these checks and balances are segregated into three types: basic, specific, and pattern checks. The former is performed on the data collected from all the types of sensors. However, the second check is performed on the data collected from the specific instruments. These checks are specific to the site, instrument, parameter, etc. The third check verifies the shape of profiles between the data of different sections of the PV system. For the data-inclusion/deletion purpose, the parameters of PV plant are segregated into a triangle-hierarchy of highest-least priority. Some of the proposed checks are performed on the raw data collected from a grid-tied 271 kW PV plant and 6.4 kW test PV plant. The results have indeed identified some of the bad data and validated the proposed checks.
Seven O'Clock

As New Yorkers have hunkered down in their apartments to slow the spread of the virus, the nightly 7:00 cheer has become a cherished tradition.
Demonstration of Real-time Cognitive Radar using Spectrally-Notched Random FM Waveforms

With the reality of increasing radio frequency (RF) spectral congestion, radar systems capable of dynamic spectrum sharing are needed. Recent work has demonstrated a real-time cognitive capability on a software defined radio (SDR) by generating pulse-agile LFM chirps that vary their center frequency and bandwidth to avoid dynamic interference on a per-pulse basis. Separately, spectral notching of random FM waveforms was developed and experimentally evaluated as another means with which to mitigate emulated interference, though real-time operation had not yet been demonstrated. Here the operational framework of the former is combined with the waveform agility of the latter to facilitate real-time generation of notched, random FM waveforms as part of an integrated cognitive SDR architecture. This implementation supports pulse repetition frequencies up to 2.2 kHz for on-the-fly waveform synthesis, can incorporate multiple spectral notches per waveform, and can achieve notch depths of 25 dB relative to peak power (with greater depth possible given greater computational resources). Performance examples are illustrated along with implementation decisions and design trade-offs.
Lay concepts of source likeability, trustworthiness, expertise, and power: A prototype analysis

Previous research on persuasion has used researcher-generated exemplars to manipulate source characteristics such as likeability, trustworthiness, expertise, or power. This approach has been fruitful, but it relies to some degree on an overlap between researcher understanding of these variables and lay understanding of these variables. Additionally, these exemplar manipulations may have unintentionally affected multiple characteristics and may be limited to certain topics or time periods. In the current work, we sought to provide persuasion researchers with a methodological tool to increase construct and potentially external validity by conducting a prototype analysis of the four traditional source characteristics: likeability, trustworthiness, expertise, and power. This bottom-up approach provided insight into the ways in which recipients perceive sources and allowed us to examine relations between the characteristics. Moving forward, a bottom-up understanding of source characteristics will allow researchers to more effectively develop manipulations that might transcend time and topic as well as isolate their effects to the intended source characteristic.
Cavitation induced shear and circumferential stresses on blood vessel walls during photo-mediated ultrasound therapy

Photo-mediated ultrasound therapy (PUT) is a novel technique using combined laser and ultrasound to generate enhanced cavitation activity inside blood vessels. The stresses produced by oscillating bubbles during PUT are believed to be responsible for the induced bio-effects in blood vessels. However, the magnitudes of these stresses are unclear. In this study, a two-dimensional axisymmetric finite element method-based numerical model was developed to investigate the oscillating bubble-produced shear and circumferential stresses during PUT. The results showed that increased stresses on the vessel wall were produced during PUT as compared with ultrasound-alone. For a 50-nm radius bubble in a 50-μm radius blood vessel, the produced circumferential and shear stresses were in the range of 100 kPa–400 kPa and 10 Pa–100 Pa, respectively, during PUT with the ultrasound frequency of 1 MHz, ultrasound amplitude of 1400 kPa–1550 kPa, and laser fluence of 20 mJ/cm2, whereas the circumferential and shear stresses produced with ultrasound-alone were less than 2 kPa and 1 Pa, respectively, using the same ultrasound parameters. In addition, the produced stresses increased when the ultrasound pressure and laser fluence were increased but decreased when the ultrasound frequency and vessel size were increased. For bubbles with a radius larger than 100 nm, however, the stresses produced during PUT were similar to those produced during ultrasound-alone, indicating the effect of the laser was only significant for small bubbles.
Instrument Classification of Solo Sheet Music Images

This paper studies instrument classification of solo sheet music. Whereas previous work has focused on instrument recognition in audio data, we instead approach the instrument classification problem using raw sheet music images. Our approach first converts the sheet music image into a sequence of musical words based on the bootleg score representation, and then treats the problem as a text classification task. We show that it is possible to significantly improve classifier performance by training a language model on unlabeled data, initializing a classifier with the pretrained language model weights, and then finetuning the classifier on labeled data. In this work, we train AWD-LSTM, GPT-2, and RoBERTa models on solo sheet music images from IMSLP for eight different instruments. We find that GPT-2 and RoBERTa slightly outperform AWD-LSTM, and that pretraining increases classification accuracy for RoBERTa from 34.5% to 42.9%. Furthermore, we propose two data augmentation methods that increase classification accuracy for RoBERTa by an additional 15%.
EXPRESS: Phosphoproteomic Analysis of Lung tissue from Patients with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension:

Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH) is a rare disorder associated with high morbidity and mortality despite currently available treatments. We compared the phosphoproteome of lung tissue from sub...