cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Electrical Conductivity and Nonstoichiometry in Pr0.545Ce0.455O2-x

The oxygen nonstoichiometry of Pr0.545Ce0.455O2-x was studied by solid state coulometric titration and was found to be extensive (0 ≤ y ≤ 0.28) at temperatures of 400-600 °C. The Po2 - x curves showed evidence of the existence of a number of single and two phase regions. Electrical conductivity measurements, performed under similar conditions, exhibited a p-n transition for temperature of 500 °C and below. The activated p-type conductivity was modeled in terms of the small polaron hopping mechanism. The p-n transition was correlated with the onset of phase separation.
RHIZOBIAL COMPATIaIUTY AGAINST LETHAL DOSES OF PESTICIDES IN GREEN GRAM WITH DIFFERENT METHOD OF INOCULATION

The compatibility of moong rhizobia (M-1006) against lethal doses of pesticides viz., chlorophyrlphos, monocotophos, furadan and forate in green gram (K851) was studied in terms of its nodule occupancy, noudle number, nitrogen fixation and grain yield in green gram in sandy loam soil of Hisar at different method of inoculations. Rhizobial compatibility in terms of nodule occupancy, nodule number, nitrogen fixation and grain yield of green gram was much higher in rhizobial treatment done after 24 hours of pesticidal treatments (P2) than in rhizobial treatment done simultaneously with pesticidal treatment (P1) While using P2 treatment, the compatibility of M-1006 In terms of nodule occupancy, nodule number, nitrogen fixation and grain yield in green gram was much higher against lethal doses of forate (81%, 39,2.30% and 9.1 gm/plant respectively), followed by furadan (62%,36, 20.5% and 8.9 gm/plant respectively), monocotophos (50%, 35, 1.60%, 2.9% and 8 gm/plant respectively) and chloropyrlphos (56%,30, 1.45% and 7.2 gm/plant respectively).
An adaptive paradigm for computer-aided detection of colonic polyps.

Most previous efforts in developing computer-aided detection (CADe) of colonic polyps apply similar measures or parameters to detect polyps regardless of their locations under an implicit assumption that all the polyps reside in a similar local environment, e.g. on a relatively flat colon wall. In reality, this implicit assumption is frequently invalid, because the haustral folds can have a very different local environment from that of the relatively flat colon wall. We conjecture that this assumption may be a major cause of missing the detection of polyps, especially small polyps (<10 mm linear size) located on the haustral folds. In this paper, we take the concept of adaptiveness and present an adaptive paradigm for CADe of colonic polyps. Firstly, we decompose the complicated colon structure into two simplified sub-structures, each of which has similar properties, of (1) relatively flat colon wall and (2) ridge-shaped haustral folds. Then we develop local environment descriptions to adaptively reflect each of these two simplified sub-structures. To show the impact of the adaptiveness of the local environment descriptions upon the polyp detection task, we focus on the local geometrical measures of the volume data for both the detection of initial polyp candidates (IPCs) and the reduction of false positives (FPs) in the IPC pool. The experimental outcome using the local geometrical measures is very impressive such that not only the previously-missed small polyps on the folds are detected, but also the previously miss-removed small polyps on the folds during FP reduction are retained. It is expected that this adaptive paradigm will have a great impact on detecting the small polyps, measuring their volumes and volume changes over time, and optimizing their management plan.
Defensive Chemistry of the Ground Beetle Callisthenes luxatus (Coleoptera: Carabidae)

Of the 2 genera of ground beetles commonly known as caterpillar hunters, Calosama and Callisthenes , only the former has received any attention for its defensive chemistry up to now.
172 ESTROGEN ATTENUATES THE CANNABINOID MODULATION OF GLUTAMATERGIC SYNAPTIC CURRENTS IN PRO-OPIOMELANOCORTIN NEURONS.

Cannabinoids play a major role in the regulation of homeostasis, mainly those governed by the hypothalamus such as reproduction and stress responses. The present study investigated the effects of cannabinoids on glutamatergic synaptic input onto pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) as well as estrogen9s influences on this process. Whole-cell patch clamp recordings using biocytin-filled electrodes were used to detect evoked and miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) in slices through the ARC of ovariectomized female guinea pigs. Bath application of the CB1 receptor agonist WIN 55,212-2 (1-3 μM) to vehicle-treated controls in the presence of the GABA A receptor antagonist SR 95531 (10 μM) revealed a reduction in EPSC amplitude evoked by electrical stimulation that were sensitive to the ionotropic glutamate receptor antagonists CGS 19755 (10 μM) and NBQX (3 μM). Pretreatment with the CB1 receptor antagonist AM251 (1 μM) blocked this action. The reduction in evoked EPSC amplitude correlated with a decrease in the frequency but not the amplitude of miniature EPSCs recorded in the presence of the voltage-gated Na + channel blocker tetrodotoxin (TTX; 500 nM) and SR 95531 (10 μM) that were completely abolished by CGS 19755 (10 μM) and NBQX (3 μM). This effect also was antagonized by AM251 (1 μM). Estradiol benzoate (EB) administered 24 hr prior to experimentation induced a pronounced rightward shift in the dose-response for WIN 55,212-2 to decrease mEPSC frequency. The cannabinoid-induced decrease in mEPSC frequency, and the corresponding modulatory influence of EB, was observed in ARC neurons subsequently identified as glutamate-, α-MSH-, or CART-containing cells via immunohistofluorescence. Collectively, these findings indicate that cannabinoids presynaptically inhibit glutamatergic synaptic input onto ARC neurons, including glutamatergic and POMC neurons, and that estrogen attenuates this effect by markedly reducing agonist potency. Results from this study provide great insights into the mechanisms by which cannabinoids and estrogen interact to regulate hypothalamic control of homeostasis.
Changes of the antisperm antibodies in patients received orchiopex in puberty

Objective:We investigated the prevalence of serum antisperm antibodies(AsAb)in some post-orchiopexy cryptorchid boys of pubertal age or prepubertal age,and determined whether it may be influenced by puberty.Methods:We examined serum AsAb in 84 prepubertal and 92 pubertal post-orchiopexy cryptorchid boys respectively.IgG and IgM antisperm antibodies were determined by the immunodotting method.Results:The serum AsAb positive rates in the post-orchiopexy cryptorchid boys of pubertal age were significantly higher than the ones of prepubertal age(P0.05).Conclusions:Our study indicates that the autoimmune response against sperm antigen in the post-orchiopexy cryptorchid boys may be enhanced in puberty.
The 30-year evolution of airway pressure release ventilation (APRV)

Airway pressure release ventilation (APRV) was first described in 1987 and defined as continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) with a brief release while allowing the patient to spontaneously breathe throughout the respiratory cycle. The current understanding of the optimal strategy to minimize ventilator-induced lung injury is to “open the lung and keep it open”. APRV should be ideal for this strategy with the prolonged CPAP duration recruiting the lung and the minimal release duration preventing lung collapse. However, APRV is inconsistently defined with significant variation in the settings used in experimental studies and in clinical practice. The goal of this review was to analyze the published literature and determine APRV efficacy as a lung-protective strategy. We reviewed all original articles in which the authors stated that APRV was used. The primary analysis was to correlate APRV settings with physiologic and clinical outcomes. Results showed that there was tremendous variation in settings that were all defined as APRV, particularly CPAP and release phase duration and the parameters used to guide these settings. Thus, it was impossible to assess efficacy of a single strategy since almost none of the APRV settings were identical. Therefore, we divided all APRV studies divided into two basic categories: (1) fixed-setting APRV (F-APRV) in which the release phase is set and left constant; and (2) personalized-APRV (P-APRV) in which the release phase is set based on changes in lung mechanics using the slope of the expiratory flow curve. Results showed that in no study was there a statistically significant worse outcome with APRV, regardless of the settings (F-ARPV or P-APRV). Multiple studies demonstrated that P-APRV stabilizes alveoli and reduces the incidence of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in clinically relevant animal models and in trauma patients. In conclusion, over the 30 years since the mode’s inception there have been no strict criteria in defining a mechanical breath as being APRV. P-APRV has shown great promise as a highly lung-protective ventilation strategy.
Inverting the Topology of a Transmembrane Protein by Regulating the Translocation of the First Transmembrane Helix.

Summary TM4SF20 (transmembrane 4 L6 family 20) is a polytopic membrane protein that inhibits proteolytic processing of CREB3L1 (cAMP response element-binding protein 3-like 1), a membrane-bound transcription factor that blocks cell division and activates collagen synthesis. Here we report that ceramide stimulates CREB3L1 cleavage by inverting the orientation of TM4SF20 in membranes. In the absence of ceramide, the N terminus of the first transmembrane helix of TM4SF20 is inserted into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen. This translocation requires TRAM2 (translocating chain-associated membrane protein 2), a membrane protein containing a putative ceramide-interacting domain. In the presence of ceramide, the N terminus of the first transmembrane domain of TM4SF20 is exposed to cytosol. Consequently, the membrane topology of TM4SF20 is inverted, and this form of TM4SF20 stimulates CREB3L1 cleavage. In the presence of ceramide, translocation of TM4SF20 is TRAM2-independent. We designate this mechanism-causing regulated inversion of the membrane topology as "regulated alternative translocation."
The Formation of Islam: Modes of justice

Islamic law, both as a general ideal and as a body of concrete guidelines for social behavior, functioned as a powerful “glue” in the Islamic societies of the medieval Near East. The importance of the law was a product of a number of the developments which we have been tracing – for example, the evolution of Islam in a world of multiple faith traditions and through a sometimes tense, sometimes creative dialogue with them, since law was understood to be something which attached to the individual, not from social rank or place of habitation, but through his or her membership in one religious community or another. Even more important was the emergence of the ulama as the principal locus of Muslim religious authority. The political fragmentation of the umma may actually have fostered a fixation on the shari c a as a focal point of Muslim identity, since the cosmopolitan ulama constituted the most immediate and visible reminder of the persistently compelling ideal of Muslim unity. Even so, the changed circumstances of the Middle Period saw significant developments in the social experience of Islamic law. By the beginning of the Middle Period, after several centuries of development, the Sunni madhahib were fairly well established – the four which have survived into modern times (the Shafi c i, Hanafi, Hanbali, and Maliki), as well as a number of others which petered out at various times.
Experiences adopting peer instruction

Articles about the "flipped classroom" regularly appear in high-profile venues like the Chronicle, the NY Times, and the Atlantic. The idea is that students read or watch lecture videos before class so that class time can be used to work problems, putting the instructor in the same room as the students when they realize they need help. Peer Instruction (PI) is a flipped-classroom pedagogy initially developed by Eric Mazur [1] to teach Physics. In PI, instead of a lecture, the professor presents multiple choice questions focusing on common student misconceptions. The students vote using hand-held "clickers" and discuss their answers with neighbors before a whole-class discussion. The effectiveness of PI has been documented with 20+ years of research.
Lifetime Multiple Mild Traumatic Brain Injuries Are Associated with Cognitive and Mood Symptoms in Young Healthy College Students.

Background/Objectives: Repetitive mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI; also known as concussion) has been associated with a range of long-term mood and cognitive deficits, including executive dysfunction. Previous research in athletes suggests that cognitive and mood problems are associated with a history of repetitive mTBI. However, to date no studies have examined the impact of a lifetime accumulation of repetitive mTBIs on cognition, particularly executive functioning, and mood in a sample of young adults who were not athletes. Therefore, the present study looked at potential effects of repetitive mTBIs on self-reported cognitive complaints, executive functioning and mood in young adults. Methods: Eighty-four total students responded, and twenty-six of those were excluded from analyses due to reporting only 1 mTBI. The final sample consisted of 58 healthy young adults (mean age = 22.84, STD = 4.88) who completed the Cognitive Complaint Index (CCI) the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function, adult version (BRIEF-A) and the Beck Depression Inventory, second edition (BDI-II). Twenty-nine participants denied having an mTBI history and 29 reported two or more lifetime mTBIs (range 2-7). Twenty-six participants reported a lifetime history of one mTBI and therefore were excluded from analysis given this study was focused on potential effects of repetitive injuries on cognition and mood. Results: Young otherwise healthy adults with a lifetime history of repetitive mTBI compared to those that reported no history of mTBI reported more change in cognitive functioning over the past five years, worse executive functioning and more symptoms of depression. As the number of lifetime mTBIs increased scores on the CCI, BRIEF-A, and BDI-II also increased, indicating worse functioning. Conclusion: These findings suggest that a lifetime accumulation of two or more mTBIs as compared to a history of no reported mTBIs may result in worse cognitive functioning and symptoms of depression in young adults. Key words: mild traumatic brain injury, neuropsychology, executive function, cognition Word Count: 2,400
Intermediate fabrics: virtual architectures for circuit portability and fast placement and routing

Although hardware/software partitioning of embedded applications onto FPGAs is widely known to have performance and power advantages, FPGA usage has been typically limited to hardware experts, due largely to several problems: 1) difficulty of integrating hardware design tools into well-established software tool flows, 2) increasingly lengthy FPGA design iterations due to placement and routing, and 3) a lack of portability and interoperability resulting from device/platform-specific tools and bitfiles. In this paper, we directly address the last two problems by introducing intermediate fabrics, which are virtual reconfigurable architectures specialized for different application domains, implemented on top of commercial-off-the-shelf devices. Such specialization enables near-instantaneous placement and routing by hiding the complexity of fine-grained physical devices, while also enabling circuit portability across all devices that implement the intermediate fabric. When combined with existing work on runtime synthesis from software binaries, intermediate fabrics reduce the effects of all three problems by enabling transparent usage of COTS FPGAs by software designers. In this paper, we explore intermediate fabric architectures using specialization techniques to minimize area and performance overhead of the virtual fabric while maximizing routability and speedup of placement and routing. We present results showing an average placement and routing speedup of 554x, with an average area overhead of 10% and clock overhead of 18%, which corresponds to an average frequency of 195 MHz.
Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors Induce Immuno-Dominant Suppression of Dendritic Cells.

We and others have recently demonstrated that suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor with anti-neoplastic properties, reduces experimental acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). We have now investigated the mechanisms of action of two HDAC inhibitors, SAHA and ITF 2357, on allogeneic immune responses. Bone marrow derived dendritic cells (DCs) were preincubated with the HDAC inhibitors at nanomolar concentrations for 16–18 hours and stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Pretreatment of DCs caused a significant reduction in the secretion of TNF-α, IL-12p70 and IL-6 compared to the untreated controls (P b ) received 11 Gy on day -1 and were injected with 4–5 x 10 6 wild type B6 DCs treated with SAHA or with media on days -1 and 0 and then transplanted with 2 x 10 6 T cells and 5 x 10 6 TCDBM cells from either syngeneic B6 or allogeneic bm12 donors. SAHA treatment of DCs significantly reduced expansion of allogeneic donor CD4 + T cells on day +7 after BMT compared to controls (P + cells in Class I disparate [bm1→β2M−/−] model. In vitro, SAHA treatment significantly suppressed the expression of CD40 and CD80 but did not alter MHC class II expression. Surprisingly, when mixed with normal DCs at 1:1 ratio, SAHA treated DCs dominantly suppressed allogeneic T cell responses. The regulation of T cell proliferation was not reversible by addition of IL-12, TNF-α, IL-18, anti-IL-10 or anti-TGFβ, either alone or in combination. Suppression of allogeneic responses was contact dependent in trans-well experiments. To address whether the regulation of SAHA treated DCs required contact with T cells, we devised a three cell experiment where SAHA treated DCs lacked the capacity to present antigens to T cells. DCs from B6 MHC Class II deficient (H-2 b ) were treated with SAHA and co-cultured with wild type B6 (H-2 b ) DCs along with purified allogeneic BALB/c (H-2 d ) CD4 + T cells in an MLR. Allogeneic CD4 + T cells proliferated well, demonstrating the regulation to be dependent on contact between SAHA treated DCs and T cells. To address the in vivo relevance of this suppression, we utilized a well characterized [BALB/c →B6] mouse model of acute GVHD. Recipient B6 animals received 11Gy on day -1 and were injected with of 5 million host type SAHA treated or control DCs on days −1, 0, and +2. Mice were transplanted on day 0 with 2 x 10 6 T cells and 5 x 10 6 BM from either syngeneic B6 or allogeneic BALB/c donors. Injection of SAHA treated DCs resulted in significantly better survival (60% vs. 10%, P
Toward Historicizing Gender in Polynesia: On Vilsoni Hereniko?s Woven Gods and Regional Patterns

Mageo, Jeannette Marie. (2000). Toward Historicizing Gender in Polynesia: On Vilsoni Hereniko's Woven Gods and Regional Patterns. Pacific Studies 22:93-121.
Smoothed ranks for two or multi-sample location problems

ABSTRACTSmoothed ranks are proposed for two or multi-sample location problems. The regular ranks in Wilcoxon's two sample test are replaced with smoothed ranks, and the shift parameter is estimated...
Design of a modified endoscope illuminator for spectral imaging of colorectal tissues

The gold standard for locating colonic polyps is a white light endoscope in a colonoscopy, however, polyps smaller than 5 mm can be easily missed. Modified procedures such as narrow band imaging have shown only marginal increases in detection rates. Spectral imaging is a potential solution to improve the sensitivity and specificity of colonoscopies by providing the ability to distinguish molecular fluorescence differences in tissues. The goal of this work is to implement a spectral endoscopic light source to acquire spectral image data of colorectal tissues. A beta-version endoscope light source was developed, by retrofitting a white light endoscope light source (Olympus, CLK-4) with 16 narrow band LEDs. This redesigned, beta-prototype uses high-power LEDs with a minimum output of 500 mW to provide sufficient spectral output (0.5 mW) through the endoscope. A mounting apparatus was designed to provide sufficient heat dissipation. Here, we report recent results of our tests to characterize the intensity output through the light source and endoscope to determine the flat spectral output for imaging and intensity losses through the endoscope. We also report preliminary spectral imaging data from transverse pig colon that demonstrates the ability to result in working practical spectral data. Preliminary results of this revised prototype spectral endoscope system demonstrate that there is sufficient power to allow the imaging process to continue and potentially determine spectral differences in cancerous and normal tissue from imaging ex vivo pairs. Future work will focus on building a spectral library for the colorectal region and refining the user interface the system for in vivo use.
Bayesian network meta-analysis (NMA) comparison of second-line cytotoxic chemotherapies in advanced or metastatic gastric cancer.

e15055 Background: Many gastric cancers are diagnosed with incurable disease at initial presentation and need systemic chemotherapy. All cases become resistant to the first line treatment and recen...
Molecular Simulation and Biochemical Studies Support an Elevator-type Transport Mechanism in EIIC.

Enzyme IIC (EIIC) is a membrane-embedded sugar transport protein that is part of the phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferases. Crystal structures of two members of the glucose EIIC superfamily, bcChbC in the inward-facing conformation and bcMalT in the outward-facing conformation, were previously solved. Comparing the two structures led us to the hypothesis that sugar translocation could be achieved by an elevator-type transport mechanism in which a transport domain binds to the substrate and, through rigid body motions, transports it across the membrane. To test this hypothesis and to obtain more accurate descriptions of alternate conformations of the two proteins, we first performed collective variable-based steered molecular dynamics (CVSMD) simulations starting with the two crystal structures embedded in model lipid bilayers, and steered their transport domain toward their own alternative conformation. Our simulations show that large rigid-body motions of the transport domain (55° in rotation and 8 A in translation) lead to access of the substrate binding site to the alternate side of the membrane. H-bonding interactions between the sugar and the protein are intact, although the side chains of the binding-site residues were not restrained in the simulation. Pairs of residues in bcMalT that are far apart in the crystal structure become close to each other in the simulated model. Some of these pairs can be cross-linked by a mercury ion when mutated to cysteines, providing further support for the CVSMD-generated model. In addition, bcMalT binds to maltose with similar affinities before and after the cross-linking, suggesting that the binding site is preserved after the conformational change. In combination, these results support an elevator-type transport mechanism in EIIC.
Parameter Estimation of Spark-Ignited Internal Combustion Engines

Abstract A rapidly obtained low order sampled data description of the response of engine speed to throttle opening and spark advance is described. Based upon a sampling interval of one engine revolution, the resulting five state variable dynamic model is applicable over the range of 500-2000 rpm for a 5.7 liter feedback carburated engine and automatic transmission. Physical principles are used to obtain a block diagram of the system and Landau's hyperstable identification algorithm is then used to determine the parameters of the model.
A Hydrophobic Gel for Epoxidation of Olefins with Organic Peroxides

The epoxidation of cyclooctene by tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BuOOH) over a TiO2–SiO2 xerogel made from a permethylated cyclooligosiloxane, tetraethylorthosilicate, and a Ti chloroalkoxide, was carried out in acetonitrile as the reaction solvent. The organic moieties of the hybrid gel (in this case, –CH3 groups) and the Ti content of the catalyst appear to be stable on prolonged exposure to the reaction medium. Besides very good stability, the hybrid catalyst in this study displays 100% selectivity toward cyclooctene epoxide production. Solid state 29Si magic angle spinning NMR (29Si MASNMR), diffuse reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (DRIFTS), and chemical analysis were used to monitor the stability of the hybrid material. The kinetics of olefin epoxidation was studied in a batch reactor in the 313–343 K range.
Proliferation and categories of internet directories a database of internet subject directories

This article reviews the exponential growth of Internet resources leading to the emergence of hundreds of Internet directories to organize those resources. These Internet directories have been categorized into eight groups based upon their format, contents, and characteristics. From one of these groups, "subject directories published in professional journals/ all published Internet directories are identified and listed in detail. Using Paradox-for-Windows, the author has designed and developed a comprehensive database of more than 350 of these directories. This article analyzes and interprets the data contained in the database. It further reviews the strengths and weaknesses of print Internet subject directories as
Determination of yield stress of 2D (Yukawa) dusty plasma

Elastic and plastic deformations of a two-dimensional (2D) dusty plasma crystal under shear stresses are investigated using a numerical simulation. Our simulation mimics experiments that start with a crystal that is then manipulated by a pair of laser beams separated by a gap. In a pair of rectangular regions, we apply two equal but oppositely directed forces, to induce a shear deformation in the gap between. These external forces are increased incrementally to examine the elastic behavior, plasticity, and liquid flows. In the low-force elastic limit, a measurement of the shear modulus is obtained, which agrees with a theoretical value based on a sound speed. For larger forces resulting in plastic deformation, we determine the yield stress, which is found to agree with a common theoretical model for the critical yield stress, after accounting for the dimensionality for 2D.
Direct rapid prototyping from point cloud data without surface reconstruction

ABSTRACTTo save cost and manufacturing time, prototyping technology is increasingly playing an irreplaceable role in the industry. Rapid prototyping and reverse engineering are two major technologi...
Top-(R%, K) Spatiotemporal Event Sequence Mining

Spatiotemporal event sequences (STESs) are the ordered series of event types whose evolving region-based instances frequently follow each other in time and are located closeby. Previous studies on STES mining require significance and prevalence thresholds for the discovery, which is usually unknown to domain experts. As the quality of the discovered STESs is of great importance to the domain experts who use these algorithms, we introduce a novel class of STES mining algorithms to discover the most relevant STESs without significance and prevalence thresholds. Our algorithms discover the top-K most prevalent spatiotemporal event sequences from R% most significant follow relationships. In the experiments, we conducted a case study using solar event datasets, and compared the performance of the algorithms and the relevance of the discovered sequences.
The Plays of Kalidasa: Treading the Line between Constraint and Freedom

The world of Kalidasa is defined by transgression at many levels. The possibilities of his dramatic world are vast and each level interacts with the other only because of the transgressive power of love and memory, and sometimes, even of forgetfulness. I argue that Kalidasa’s plays transcend, rather than establish, the conflicts between love and duty. I establish that the diverse and, often disjunctive, worlds seem to be in conversation in Kalidasa’s unifying dramatic realm – in this realm, while everything seems possible, everything possible can be made impossible because of the disruptive power of memory or forgetfulness.
Emergency postcoital contraception

Emergency postcoital contraception, a method used to prevent pregnancy after unprotected sexual intercourse, is a highly effective but underutilized birth control option. Two hormone regimens, ethinyl estradiol (100 microg) with levonorgestrel (0.5 mg) or high-dose levonorgestrel (0.75 mg), given within 72 hours of intercourse and repeated 12 hours later, are available for this purpose. These regimens are packaged as Food and Drug Administration labeled, dedicated products or can be adapted for use from standard oral contraceptive pills. Emergency postcoital contraception should be considered as a primary prevention health service to women of childbearing age.
Unpacking the metaphors of leadership using the Leadership Communication Grid: Knowledge, skills, and abilities

Courses: Leadership, Organizational Communication, Small Group CommunicationObjectives: After completing this activity, students will have greater awareness of a variety of metaphors of leadership ...
Update in Pediatric Asthma: Selected Issues

Asthma is a complex condition that affects 14% of the world's children and the approach to management includes both pharmacologic as well as non-pharmacologic strategies including attention to complex socioeconomic status phenomena. After an historical consideration of asthma, allergic and immunologic aspects of asthma in children and adolescents are presented. Concepts of socioeconomic aspects of asthma are considered along with environmental features and complications of asthma disparities. Also reviewed are links of asthma with mental health disorders, sleep disturbances and other comorbidities. A stepwise approach to asthma management is discussed that includes pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic strategies in the pediatric population. The role of immunotherapy and use of various immunomodulators are considered as well.
Special Issue Introduction: Desperately Seeking the Information in Information Systems Research at HICSS 2019

In this Special Issue, we present some of the important research work curated from the internationally renowned Hawaii International Conference on Systems Science (2019). We take note of the call to action by Petter, Carter, Randolph, and Lee (2018) in the editorial titled "Desperately Seeking the Information in Information Systems Research." In their editorial, the authors highlight the embrace of the technology artifact in IS research at the expense of "abandonment of that other central component in information systems research - information" (p. 10). Petter et al. argue not to "overlook the role of information" and highlight the necessity to study it in an era of analytics, algorithmic decision making, and fake news.
Deviating from the social consensus: Relations among the Dark Triad, moral normativity, and general social normativity

Abstract There are two plausible hypotheses for why those high in the Dark Triad traits (Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy) behave immorally: (1) They do not understand morality and are, consequently, unable to act morally or (2) they understand morality but simply disregard it when deciding how to act. In two studies, we tested these hypotheses by examining relations among the Dark Triad traits and a novel measure of moral normativity—a person’s understanding of what is and is not a moral way to be—and general social normativity—a person’s understanding of what is and is not a socially desirable way to be. Consistent with the first hypothesis, psychopathic individuals were less attuned to the morality of traits. Critically, their inability to understand what was socially desirable was attributable, at least in part, to an inability to understand what was moral. Those scoring high in Machiavellianism and narcissism showed no such deficits.
VIP: A SIMD vectorized analytical query engine

Query execution engines for analytics are continuously adapting to the underlying hardware in order to maximize performance. Wider SIMD registers and more complex SIMD instruction sets are emerging in mainstream CPUs and new processor designs such as the many-core Intel Xeon Phi CPUs that rely on SIMD vectorization to achieve high performance per core while packing a greater number of smaller cores per chip. In the database literature, using SIMD to optimize stand-alone operators with key–rid pairs is common, yet the state-of-the-art query engines rely on compilation of tightly coupled operators where hand-optimized individual operators become impractical. In this article, we extend a state-of-the-art analytical query engine design by combining code generation and operator pipelining with SIMD vectorization and show that the SIMD speedup is diminished when execution is dominated by random memory accesses. To better utilize the hardware features, we introduce VIP, an analytical query engine designed and built bottom up from pre-compiled column-oriented data parallel sub-operators and implemented entirely in SIMD. In our evaluation using synthetic and TPC-H queries on a many-core CPU, we show that VIP outperforms hand-optimized query-specific code without incurring the runtime compilation overhead, and highlight the efficiency of VIP at utilizing the hardware features of many-core CPUs.
Aspiration as Labour: Muslim Women at a Basic Computer-Training Centre in Hyderabad

This article tracks the historically specific articulations of gender, religion and class in Hyderabad’s computer education centres. I show how embodied forms of gender play critical roles in lower...
Wolfe, Cary. What is Posthumanism? University of Minnesota Press, 2010. Paperback: $24.95

Hannah Glasson’s review of Cary Wolfe’s What is Posthumanism? outlines the theoretical tensions in Wolfe’s formulation of posthumanism. Glasson acknowledges the potential for Wolfe’s systems theory approach to create more theoretically rigorous approaches to posthumanist ecological ethics. However, the reductive connection between animal studies and disability studies has the potential to marginalize voices of disabled humans in the aim to decenter the human. The human remains central to Wolfe’s notion of posthumanism with the effect of lessening the rhetorical force of the argument. Wolfe provokes a theoretical conversation that could make way for rethinking the anthropocentric location of critical discourse by creating space for recognition of the nonhuman. This conversation can potentially open possibilities broader than simply using posthumanism as a theoretical tool to reimagine existing human undertakings, disciplines, and knowledges.
Social Workers and Public Libraries: A Commentary on an Emerging Interprofessional Collaboration

A growing interprofessional collaboration between social work and library professionals has fueled the emergence of library social workers and the exploration of libraries as a setting for social work. This exciting partnership evolves from common historic roots, a strong alignment of values, and effectively addresses changing community needs that aligns with both professions. Social work and public libraries are both products of the Progressive Era along with the rise of charitable organizations and settlement houses. In examining the evolution of libraries in the wake of changing technology and patron populations, social workers are critical community allies to respond to diverse community needs. Social workers, human service providers, and funders also now see public libraries as community centers and civic hubs, as well as even settlement houses for the 21st Century. Libraries serve as civic hubs that are essential connectors of information, education, resources, and access that addresses human needs. This commentary’s aim in exploring library social worker practice encourages community-university partnerships between our public libraries and the academic programs of social work and library science that strengthen civic and community engagement. Social work practitioners and educators are encouraged to spend more time at their public libraries through interprofessional internships, class projects, applied research, and dual-degree curricular development that can prepare next generation practitioner to work and lead in these community centers.
An Efficient Elastic-Degenerate Text Index? Not Likely.

Elastic-degenerate text provides a novel and effective method for modeling collections of text that have local variations. Due to its applicability in pan-genomics, an index for an elastic-degenerate text which can efficiently report the occurrences of a given query pattern is desirable. This paper attempts to dash our hopes for such an index, one that is deterministic and has good worst-case query time. We do so by providing conditional lower bounds based on the Orthogonal Vectors Hypothesis (OVH) (and hence the Strong Exponential Time Hypothesis). We show that, even with arbitrary polynomial preprocessing time, an index for an elastic-degenerate text with n degenerate letters that can perform queries on a pattern of length m in time Open image in new window for constants \(\alpha \) and \(\beta \) where Open image in new window or Open image in new window would violate OVH. Additionally, we provide an elastic-degenerate text index with query time Open image in new window, which is independent of the size N (distinct from its length) of the elastic-degenerate text. Finally, we investigate the hardness of matching elastic-degenerate text to elastic-degenerate text.
Correction: Stress-localized durable icephobic surfaces

Correction for ‘Stress-localized durable icephobic surfaces’ by Peyman Irajizad et al., Mater. Horiz., 2019, 6, 758–766, DOI: 10.1039/C8MH01291A.
Biodegradable Poly(Lactic Acid) Nanocomposites for Fused Deposition Modeling 3D Printing

3D printing by fused deposition modelling (FDM) enables rapid prototyping and fabrication of parts with complex geometries. Unfortunately, most materials suitable for FDM 3D printing are non-degradable, petroleum-based polymers. The current ecological crisis caused by plastic waste has produced great interest in biodegradable materials for many applications, including 3D printing. Poly(lactic acid) (PLA), in particular, has been extensively investigated for FDM applications. However, most biodegradable polymers, including PLA, have insufficient mechanical properties for many applications. One approach to overcoming this challenge is to introduce additives that enhance the mechanical properties of PLA while maintaining FDM 3D printability. This review focuses on PLA-based nanocomposites with cellulose, metal-based nanoparticles, continuous fibers, carbon-based nanoparticles, or other additives. These additives impact both the physical properties and printability of the resulting nanocomposites. We also detail the optimal conditions for using these materials in FDM 3D printing. These approaches demonstrate the promise of developing nanocomposites that are both biodegradable and mechanically robust.
Fostering somatic movement literacy with young children

Somatic movement literacy is when one is literate in Body, making meaning from somatic experiences. It is not just developing an understanding about the body, objectively. Oriented around somatics ...
Alteration of the F1Fo ATP Synthase Causes Metabolic Remodeling in Breast Cancer Cells

Objectives The F1Fo ATP synthase is a multienzyme complex that produces mitochondrial ATP. Aberrant expression or assembly of F1Fo ATP synthase subunits leads to alterations in energy metabolism. We recently found that breast cancer cells exposed to fluid shear stress (FSS) have significantly enhanced metastatic behavior including chemoresistance and cell proliferation. Chemoresistance depends upon active transport systems, and cell division and growth require ATP. Therefore, we hypothesized that circulating breast cancer cells undergo altered energy metabolism via FSS-induced changes in F1Fo ATP synthase subunits and subsequent mitochondrial remodeling.
Deliberation, Dissent, and Distrust: Understanding distinct drivers of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in the United States.

Background Despite the availability of safe and efficacious COVID-19 vaccines, a significant proportion of the American public remains unvaccinated and does not appear immediately interested in receiving the vaccine. Methods In this study, we analyzed data from the U.S. Census Bureau's Household Pulse Survey, a biweekly cross-sectional survey of U.S. households. We estimated the prevalence of vaccine hesitancy across states and nationally and assessed the predictors of vaccine hesitancy and vaccine rejection. Additionally, we examined the underlying reasons for vaccine hesitancy, grouped into thematic categories. Results A total of 459,235 participants were surveyed from January 6 to March 29, 2021. While vaccine uptake increased from 7.7 to 47 percent, vaccine hesitancy rates remained relatively fixed: overall, 10.2 percent reported that they would probably not get a vaccine, and 8.2 percent would definitely not get a vaccine. Income, education, and state political leaning strongly predicted vaccine hesitancy. However, while both female sex and Black race were factors predicting hesitancy, among those who were hesitant, these same characteristics predicted vaccine reluctance rather than rejection. Those who expressed reluctance invoked mostly "deliberative" reasons while those who rejected the vaccine were also likely to invoke reasons of "dissent" and "distrust". Conclusion Vaccine hesitancy comprises a sizable proportion of the population and is large enough to threaten achieving herd immunity. Distinct subgroups of hesitancy have distinctive socio-demographic associations as well as cognitive and affective predilections. Segmented public health solutions are needed to target interventions and optimize vaccine uptake.
Chapter 1 The bacterial cell envelope - a historical perspective

Publisher Summary This chapter presents a historical perspective of the bacterial cell envelope. The evaluation of ideas and knowledge of the nature of universe has never ceased to fascinate and challenge physicists, astronomers and cosmologists for millennia and will without doubt continue into the for seeable future. Unraveling the complexities of biological systems has, by comparison, been a relatively recent event in human history but the “microcosmic” has proved to be equally challenging and complex but amenable to a level of direct manipulation and observation within a fairly reasonable span of time. Electron microscopy of thin sections of a variety of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria provided the early key observations pointing to a fundamental difference in the organization of the surface structures of the two groups leading to the typical membrane profiles of the Gram-negative organisms compared to the thick, amorphous walls of Gram-positive bacteria with their underlying cytoplasmic membranes. Early investigations of the differences in chemical composition correlated well with the structural studies.
Paid Personal Assistance Services: An Exploratory Study of Working-Age Consumers' Perspectives

This study examined the experiences of individuals who use paid personal assistance services (PAS). Structured interview data were collected from a convenience sample of 24 working-age individuals from diverse backgrounds recruited from Centers for Independent Living in nine states. Respondents described their general satisfaction with current paid PAS, but many reported previous experiences with poor care related to the low wages, lack of training of PAS providers, and an inadequate supply of providers. Respondents reported many unmet needs because of a shortage of hours provided by state programs and the lack of help with daily living activities, transportation, childcare, and social activities. The respondents strongly preferred consumer-directed care.
Antitermination of Early Transcription in Phage HK022: Absence of a Phage-encoded Antitermination Factor

Abstract In phage λ and its relatives most early phage genes are located downstream from transcription termination sites, and full gene expression requires suppression of termination (or antitermination). Phage HK022, a λ relative, also antiterminate early transcription, but, unlike its relatives, does so in the absence of any active phage gene product. We found no functional equivalent of the λ N antitermination protein HK022. In addition, nus mutations, which alter host proteins required for λ antitermination, have no apparent effect on HK022 early gene expression. We have shown that terminators located several thousand base-pairs from the start point of transcription are suppressed, and that in the left operon suppression requires a short, promoter-proximal segment. A 40 bp region within this segment is repeated in the right operon. The chromosomal locations of these repeated segments resemble those of the nut antitermination sites of other lambdoid phages, but the HK022 sites lack the conserved sequence elements of the nut sites. It appears that HK022 antiterminates early transcription in a novel way.
Renal cell carcinoma in children under 14 years old: long‐term survival

Objectives To assess the treatment and long-term survival of children under 14 years old operated upon for renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Patients and methods The records of five patients (aged 2, 4, 6, 9 and 13 years) who had been treated for RCC between 1982 and 1993 were reviewed. All had undergone nephrectomy with (two) or without (three) regional lymphadenectomy. After surgery four patients received chemotherapy (vincristine with actinomycin-D, three, vinblastine, one), and two with advanced-stage disease received other agents (interferon α, interleukin-2). They were followed for 5 to 15 years. Results Three patients with stage I-II RCC were well at 13, 15 and 15 years after treatment. Of the two patients with regional lymph node involvement (stage III), one was well 5 years after surgery while the other developed hepatic, lung and bone metastases, and died 2 years after presentation. Conclusion The prognosis and long-term survival of children under 14 years old with RCC is very good for those with low-stage tumours. Nephrectomy with complete tumour extirpation is the main mode of treatment. For advanced-stage tumours, the role of adjuvant chemotherapy and/or biological agents must be defined more clearly.
Sources and Consequences of Hypothetical Bias in Economic Analyses of Risk Behavior

Economic analyses are often used to address the tradeoffs people and constituencies face when selecting among alternative responses to risk exposure. These analyses have become increasingly important in recent years as policy makers seek to understand what people will accept or give up to obtain a change in their exposure to risk from, for examples, a hazardous waste site, industrial plant, or biotechnological experiment. The literature on hypothetical bias indicates that the current elicitation techniques to investigate these tradeoffs are not sufficient to ensure meaningful responses to questions about risk preferences and intended behavior. A number of factors can influence the extent of hypothetical bias for a particular risk problem, including the type of risk, who it affects, the language in which the questions are stated, property rights, and the decision framework in which the risk problem is posed.