cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Shear waves generated with magnetomotive force on an embedded sphere

The characterization of the material properties of tissue and tissue mimicking materials has been is an important area of study to develop methods for elasticity imaging. Many methods utilize acoustic radiation force to produce shear waves and to extract elastic or viscoelastic properties of the medium by measuring the propagation of the shear waves. However, the push beam geometry used to generate the shear waves can induce motion that may cause bias for conventional processing methods. Towards the aim of characterizing a medium with a simpler excitation distribution, we propose the use of magnetomotive force on an embedded metallic sphere to generate shear waves. The shear wave motion can be compared with an analytic Green's function for a spherical source. A gelatin phantom with an embedded steel sphere of 2 mm in diameter was placed above an electromagnet with diameter of 101.6 mm. A direct current (DC) voltage was applied for 20 ms to drag the sphere and the motion after the cessation of the excitation pulse was measured. A linear array transducer configured to perform compound plane wave imaging at a frame rate of 3.8 kHz was utilized to measure the shear wave motion. A Green's function simulation was used to compare with the motion induced in the experimental setting. The Green's function and the experimental results are in good agreement. Magnetomotive-generated shear waves could provide a unique tool to characterize material properties without the complications of an acoustic radiation force push beam.
Being an 'Other' Other Than Myself: "Take It To the Bridge"

This article derives from a conference panel entitled "Fieldwork: Bridging Anthropology and the History of Religions." Ruminating on just what exactly, or even generally, I would try to add to the panel, I began to think about its tide. What is it, after all, to bridge? And how did my experience as an historian of religions doing ethno graphic research involve a bridge or the act of bridging? The American Heritage Dictionary defines "bridge" first as "a structure spanning and providing a passage over a gap or barrier, such as a river or roadway" (1993: 174). This suggests a path between two fixed places. I imagine that when he entitled this panel, the organizer had in mind an expio radon of how we have found a way between the two academic fields of anthropology and the history of religions. But, with a midrashic turn of mind, I reflected on two other possible interpretations of the title.
On selecting an extreme value distribution

In a recent paper Hernandez and Johnson (1984) have given a procedure based on Bayesian statistical inference for selecting an extreme-value distribution to “best” fit available data. In this note we give an alternative derivation of part of their results. This derivation — based onstructural inference (Fraser 1968) — provides theoretical support for these results that would not be present on the basis of their derivation using Bayesian techniques.
Thermodynamic analysis of chemical vapour deposition from methoxysilanes

Thermodynamic equilibrium calculations for the systems n-methoxysilane, SiH4−n (OCH3)n, n = 1–4, were performed using the STANJAN computer code. The required enthalpy and entropy data for the methoxysilanes were estimated using the MOPAC computer program for semi-empirical molecular orbital calculations. The calculated solid-phase compositions were not sensitive to ± 10% changes in the n-methoxysilane enthalpy and entropy values. For n = 2, 3 or 4, the equilibrium solids were comprised of SiO2 and C. The purest SiO2 was predicted for 2-MEOS at atmospheric pressure, low temperature, and an excess of hydrogen. For all n-methoxysilanes, the solid carbon content increased rapidly at moderate temperatures but did not continue to increase at the highest temperatures.
A study of various limits in radiation heat-transfer problems

Abstract A study is presented on the two classes of limiting analyses in radiation heat-transfer problems: the analyses of the opaque limit and the transparent limit on the one hand and those of the radiation predominant limit and the conduction predominant limit on the other hand. In the first case treatment valid uniformly regardless whether radiation predominant or conduction predominant is not available. In the second case, however, a uniformly valid treatment regardless of the value of opacity is achieved. Accordingly, it offers a more logical way than the first case to the solution of combined radiation and conduction problems. The scheme comprises the solution of a non-linear differential equation in the radiation predominant case and a non-linear integral equation in the conduction predominant case.
Purification and Characterization of Adrenocortical Adenosine 3′,5′-Monoposphate-Dependent Protein Kinases*

In this manuscript we describe in detail the purification and biochemical and immunological characterization of cAMP-dependent protein kinases in bovine adrenal cortex, rat adrenal gland, and isolated fasciculata cells of the rat. DEAE-cellulose chromatography of bovine adrenal cortex extract yielded two major (type I and type II) cAMP-dependent protein kinase peaks and one minor cAMP-binding peak. The minor peak (peak A) eluted at 30–80 mm NaCl and corresponded to the typical type I tetrameric structure of the holoenzyme. Peak B, eluting at 80–130 mm NaCl, comprised 10–15% of the total cAMP-binding activity and was identified as dimeric type I cAMP-binding regulatory subunit of the enzyme. Peak C (major peak) eluting at high salt (130–220 mm NaCl), was different from the typical type II holoenzyme; its mol wt was relatively low (123,000), and its cAMP-binding subunit was type I rather than type II. The native enzyme contained dimeric cAMP-binding regulatory subunit and suggested the presence of only a si...
Levothyroxine abuse and bulimia nervosa.

Bulimia nervosa is a fairly common disorder primarily affecting adolescent and young adult women. The illness is characterized by recurrent eating binges with compensatory behaviors in an attempt to prevent weight gain. The classic compensatory behavior is self-induced vomiting, but the use of diet pills, diuretics and laxatives, extreme fasting, and compulsive exercise have been described. We report a case of hyperthyroidism induced by self-administration of excessive levothyroxine in a woman with bulimia nervosa.
When patients portray their conduct as normal and healthy: an interactional challenge for thorough substance use history taking.

Abstract Researchers and medical practitioners have argued that routine substance use histories are performed less frequently and less thoroughly than they should be. Previous research has identified a range of structural, attitudinal, and socio-cultural barriers that help to explain this pattern. Using conversation analytic (CA) methods, this paper complements previous work by exploring a potential interactional barrier to thorough substance use history taking in the USA. In response to routine substance use queries (e.g. “Do you drink alcohol?”), patients often do more than just providing information. They also convey normative stances toward their conduct, essentially making a case for how it should be understood by the physician. One stance that patients may take is that their conduct is normal and healthy. This paper describes three interactional practices that patients used to enact such a stance: 1) employing marked lexical, intonational, or interactional features when indicating no use of a substance; 2) volunteering normalizing details about the type, quantity, frequency, or circumstances of substance use; 3) providing minimizing characterizations of substance use. The paper explores some reasons why physicians treated these as appropriate and sufficient responses and did not seek additional details even when the information provided was quite superficial. Two social functions of patients' “normal/healthy” stances are discussed: 1) redirecting the physician's history taking to other topics and 2) presenting oneself as a health-conscious patient. “Normal/healthy” stances can represent an expression of patient agency, but can also present a dilemma for physicians, who must balance a concern for thoroughness with a concern for rapport. Recommendations for navigating this dilemma are discussed.
Regional Anesthesia for Foot and Ankle Surgery

We present our experience with the use of regional anesthesia in 1295 of 1862 (69.5%) surgical procedures of the foot and ankle between 1986 and 1989. Regional anesthesia was used for surgical procedures of the forefoot, midfoot, hindfoot, and ankle in the setting of elective surgery and trauma. From the viewpoint of the surgeon, regional anesthesia was completely successful in 95% of the procedures performed. Sample patient surveys confirmed that 87% of patients were satisfied with the use of regional anesthesia for their operative procedure. There were four (0.3%) minor complications, one being lidocaine toxicity. With increasing experience, the expanded indications and uses of regional anesthesia for foot and ankle surgery are proving to be simple, safe, reliable, and well tolerated by the patient.
The conditions for plate tectonics on super-Earths: Inferences from convection models with damage

Abstract Numerical simulations of mantle convection with a damage-grainsize feedback are used to develop scaling laws for predicting conditions at which super-Earths would have plate tectonics. In particular, the numerical simulations are used to determine how large a viscosity ratio between pristine lithosphere and mantle ( μ l / μ m ) can be offset by damage to allow mobile (plate-like) convection. Regime diagrams of μ l / μ m versus the damage number ( D ) show that the transition from stagnant lid to mobile convection occurs for higher μ l / μ m as D increases; a similar trend occurs for increasing Rayleigh number. We hypothesize a new criterion for the onset of plate tectonics on terrestrial planets: that damage must reduce the viscosity of shear zones in the lithosphere to a critical value equivalent to the underlying mantle viscosity; a scaling law based on this hypothesis reproduces the numerical results. For the Earth, damage is efficient in the lithosphere and provides a viable mechanism for the operation of plate tectonics. We scale our theory to super-Earths and map out the transition between plate-like and stagnant-lid convection with a “planetary plate-tectonic phase” diagram in planet size-surface temperature space. Both size and surface conditions are found to be important, with plate tectonics being favored for larger, cooler planets. This gives a natural explanation for Earth, Venus, and Mars, and implies that plate tectonics on exoplanets should correlate with size, incident solar radiation, and atmospheric composition.
Universally composable and forward-secure RFID authentication and authenticated key exchange

Recently, a universally composable framework for RFID authentication protocols providing availability, anonymity, and authenticity was proposed. In this paper we extend that framework to address forward-security issues in the presence of key compromise.We also introduce new, provably secure, and highly practical protocols for anonymous authentication and key-exchange by RFID devices. The new protocols are lightweight, requiring only a pseudo-random bit generator. The new protocols satisfy forward-secure anonymity, authenticity, and availability requirements in the Universal Composability model.
SECOND NEOPLASMS IN PATIENTS WITH CARCINOMAS OF THE VOCAL CORD: INCIDENCE AND IMPLICATIONS FOR SURVIVAL

Abstract A retrospective analysis was performed for 218 patients who were managed for carcinomas of the glottic larynx from 1975 to 1988. With a median follow-up of 51 months (range: 24 to 120 months), 41 patients developed a second malignant neoplasm. Six patients had synchronous and 35 had metachronous second malignant neoplasms. The median interval between the diagnosis of glottic carcinoma and a second malignant neoplasm was 31 months. This median interval increased to 43 months when only the metachronous tumors were analyzed. The average annual risk of developing a second malignant neoplasm in a 10-year period was 3.14% Seventy-one percent of them occurred in the upper aerodigestive tract or lungs. When analyzed according to the initial stage of the glottic carcinoma, 23 of 145 (16%) patients with TI or T2 glottic carcinomas developed a second malignant neoplasm, whereas 18 of 73 (25%) patients with T3 or T4 lesions did so. For the T1T2 group, the average annual risk was 2.5%, as compared to 4.8% for the T3T4 group ( p = 0.023). The development of a second malignant neoplasm adversely affected survival. The 10-year actuarial survival for those patients who did not develop a second malignant neoplasm was 45%, as compared to 19% for those who did develop a second malignant neoplasm ( p = 0.008). Although second malignant neoplasms occurred in only 19% of the total patient population, their impact on the survival rate of the overall population was equal to that of glottic carcinomas. The median survival after the diagnosis of a SMN was 6 months. The high incidence of second malignant neoplasms in patients with glottic carcinomas warrants careful follow-up and clinical investigation of the use of chemopreventive agents.
Kinetics of Starch Gelatinization During Extrusion Cooking

Ordinary corn (30% amylose) and waxy corn (1% amylose) were extruded at 17.8, 20, 30, 40 and 42.2% product moisture contents (d.b.) and extruder barrel temperatures of 116°, 120°, 140°, 160° and 164°C. Screw speeds of 93.5, 100, 130, 160 and 166.5 rpm were used to generate different residence times. The extruded products were evaluated for extent of starch gelatinization. Results indicate that the degree of gelatinization decreased with increasing moisture content but increased with increasing temperature. Starch gelatinization exhibited pseudo-zero-order reaction kinetics with higher rate constants for waxy corn than for high amylose corn. The rate constants decreased with decreasing temperature.
The Impact of Migration on Children's Psychological and Academic Functioning in the Republic of Moldova

After the fall of communism, many Eastern Europeans sought work abroad, leaving their children with relatives. Eastern European migrants represent a target group with unstudied immigration patterns. The goal of this study was to examine how parental migration and economic pressure impact children outcomes in the Republic of Moldova. I examined a model of the impact of parental migration on children (13–15 years old), using a survey with 388 children who have migrant and non-migrant parents. The conceptual model of migration, economic pressure, family relations and child outcomes integrated within the family stress perspective allows these pathways to be incorporated within a broader Moldovan context. I conducted quantitative data analysis using structural equation modelling. The results indicated that higher economic pressure was associated with children's lower psychological functioning, academic achievement and satisfaction with life. Parenting behaviours, especially parental support and monitoring, mediated the impact of satisfaction with migration and economic pressure on children's outcomes. I underline the importance of using a family perspective in the migration policymaking process, and provide specific recommendations for migration policies and programmes.
Role of activated growth factors in lumbar spinal fusions.

Background The concentration of platelets into an activated growth factor (AGF) gel may stimulate graft consolidation into a fusion mass. Preoperative hemodilution and intraoperative clot activation may also reduce the overall blood loss. Consequently, the need for postoperative transfusions may also be reduced. Objective The objective of this work was to report our experience with AGF platelet gels in transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) procedures. Methods A consecutive series of patients between 1996 and 1999 undergoing one- and two-level TLIFs with AGF were compared with a consecutive series of TLIF patients who did not receive AGF. Sixty-two control subjects who did not receive AGF and 22 patients who received an AGF platelet gel were compared after 41 and 34 months of follow-up, respectively. Results On average, the AGF group required 18 minutes of additional preincision anesthesia (P = 0.0001). No statistical differences in the operative times, estimated blood loss, postoperative drainage, percentage of patients requiring a transfusion, or length of hospitalization were appreciated between the two groups. The 19% decrease in the arthrodesis rate of the AGF group, as compared with the control group, did not reach statistical significance. Platelet counts from the AGF platelet concentrates demonstrated an average 3.5-fold increase compared with preoperative serum levels. Conclusions The theoretical benefits of AGF platelet gel technology were not clinically appreciated. The cost of implementing this technology may therefore outweigh its theoretical benefits.
A rapid polymerase chain reaction method for early screening of transgenic plants

A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) approach using an air thermal cycler was developed to identify transgenic plants. The PCR amplification consisted of a pre-cycle denaturation (2 min at 94 °C), followed by 30 cycles of denaturation (10 sec at 94 °C), annealing (10 sec at 55 °C), and extension (1 min at 72 °C), and a post-cycle extension (7 min at 72 °C). The reaction could be completed in approximately 55 minutes. Denaturation and annealing times were found to be critical in obtaining repeatable amplification. This procedure was used to detect the neomycin phosphotransferase (NPT II) and β-glucuronidase (GUS) genes from genomic DNA of transformed petunia (Petunia hybrida cv. Mitchell) plants and shining willow (Salix lucida Muhl.) calli. Both AmpliTaq and Pfu DNA polymerases were capable of amplifying the target genes, but had significant differences in sensitivity.
The physical characteristics of young males with varicocele.

OBJECTIVE To determine if there is an association with habitus in young males with varicocele, as adolescent boys with varicoceles appear to be mostly taller and leaner than age-matched controls. PATIENTS AND METHODS Retrospectively reviewing our records we obtained the height and weight of 43 consecutive males (mean age 14.3 years, range 11–19) under long-term follow-up for varicocele. The body mass index (BMI), heights and weights were compared with values from the respective growth charts for boys aged 2–20 years (Center for Disease Control and Prevention), and the statistical significance of differences determined using the chi-square test. RESULTS The height and weight distributions of patients with varicocele indicated a significant deviation from normal in the 25–95th percentiles for stature and in the 25–75th for weight (P < 0.05). Deviations in BMI were insignificantly different from normal at each percentile. CONCLUSION These results indicate that patients with varicocele are significantly taller and heavier than age-matched controls. Future studies to address the key areas identified in this study will help to further assess the distribution of the incidence of varicocele in closely defined subsets of adolescent growth and development, which may provide some insight into the cause of varicoceles.
Firearm suicide among older women in the U.S.

Contrary to the common view that older women (65+) in the United States use suicide methods that have relatively low potential for death, firearms have become the most common suicide method in this group. The present study examines the association between demographic and geographic factors and the use of firearms vs other suicide methods. Data were derived from the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) Mortality Detail Files (1989-1991). Results from a logistic regression analysis indicate that among white women 65 and over who died by suicide in 1989-1991, the risk of using firearms varied significantly across demographic and geographic subcategories of the population. The following characteristics among women were significantly more likely to be associated with the use of firearms as a suicide method: ages 65-74, married, of lower educational attainment, in nonmetropolitan areas, and in the South. Research is needed to assess the effects of limiting firearms on the growing proportion of firearm-related suicides among older women.
Should Post-Processing Be Performed by the Radiologist?

Post-processing of volumetric data sets lands in a fuzzy boundary between the technologist and the radiologist. Is this the role of the technologist as part of image preparation? Or is it the beginning of the diagnostic process by the radiologist? Technology advances in real-time server side rendering platforms is challenging the traditional role of expensive dedicated advanced visualizations workstations with dedicated personnel. Will this also challenge the role of a dedicated 3D post-processing technologist?
After Transfer: The Engagement of Community College Students at a Four-Year Collegiate Institution

This study investigated how educational experiences between community college transfer students and native students differed at a four-year institution. The study sample included groups of native students and community college transfer students, who were further divided by timing of matriculation to the study institution. Benchmarks from National Survey of Student Engagement (NSSE) were used to assess the levels of students' collegiate experiences. After controlling for various explanatory variables, timing of matriculation to the senior institution showed significant differences in student engagement. Moreover, enrollment status, such as full- and part-time presented the largest effects on the levels of students' educational involvement regardless of student type.
Romidepsin: a new therapy for cutaneous T-cell lymphoma and a potential therapy for solid tumors

Romidepsin is a histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDI), approved by the US FDA for the treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL). Although various mechanisms have been proposed for the activity of HDIs, including induction of genes controlling cell cycle, acetylation of cytoplasmic proteins and direct induction of apoptosis, the mechanism underlying activity of romidepsin and other HDIs in CTCL is not known. Romidepsin induces long-lasting responses. The side-effect profile is similar to that of other HDIs, causing fatigue, nausea and thrombocytopenia. Management of the CTCL population requires vigilence to prevent infection with skin contaminants, and monitoring of potassium and magnesium, electrolytes found to be low in a large proportion of patients. Electrocardiographic (ECG) changes are common but are not associated with myocardial damage. When molecular end points were evaluated in 61 patients enrolled on a Phase II trial with romidepsin, response was associated with persistence of acetylated histo...
Novel eukaryotic expression vectors which permit single-stranded replication in Escherichia coli and in vitro translational analysis of cloned genes.

Abstract The ability to express cloned genes transiently is an important technique in the study of eukaryotic gene expression. Numerous useful expression vectors have been constructed for this purpose although many of them share several common drawbacks. In this paper I describe the construction and characterization of novel expression vectors pSVKII and pSVKHI which have 13 and 8 unique restriction sites, respectively, suitable for cloning genes. These vectors have phage M13 on, which permits them to produce and package ss DNA molecules in Escherichia coli host, thus facilitating the sequencing and site directed mutagenesis of a cloned gene. Expression vector pSVKIII has a T7 phage promoter located between the SV40 promoter and the multiple cloning sites, which permits efficient transcription and in vitro translation of the cloned gene prior to in vivo studies.
Kinetics of the cope rearrangement of 1,1-dideuteriohexa-1,5-diene☆☆☆

Abstract The degenerate Cope rearrangement of 1,1-dideuteriohexa-1,5-diene to 3,3-dideuteriohexa-1,5-diene was studied kinetically at four temp. 207·1, 217·8, 237·1 and 258·2°. The rate constant is given by the expression log k1 = 10 ·36 − 34·3/θ where θ = 4·575 T × 10−3: ΔH‡ = 33·5 ± 0·5 kcal/mole and ΔS‡ = − 13·8 ± 1 e.u. The kinetics of the formation of propylene and phenylbut-1-ene from hexa-1,5-diene and toluene at five temperatures over the range 387·1–437·1° are given by log k1 = 12·03 − 51·0/θ.
Spectral clustering with limited independence

This paper considers the well-studied problem of clustering a set of objects under a probabilistic model of data in which each object is represented as a vector over the set of features, and there are only k different types of objects. In general, earlier results (mixture models and "planted" problems on graphs) often assumed that all coordinates of all objects are independent random variables. They then appeal to the theory of random matrices in order to infer spectral properties of the feature x object matrix. However, in most practical applications, assuming full independence is not realistic.Instead, we only assume that the objects are independent, but the coordinates of each object may not be. We first generalize the required results for random matrices to this case of limited independence using some new techniques developed in Functional Analysis. Surprisingly, we are able to prove results that are quite similar to the fully independent case modulo an extra logarithmic factor. Using these bounds, we develop clustering algorithms for the more general mixture models. Our clustering algorithms have a substantially different and perhaps simpler "clean-up" phase than known algorithms. We show that our model subsumes not only the planted partition random graph models, but also another set of models under which there is a body of clustering algorithms, namely the Gaussian and log-concave mixture models.
Analysis of ground reflection of jet noise obtained with various microphone arrays over an asphalt surface

Ground reflection effects on the propagation of jet noise over an asphalt surface are discussed for data obtained using a 33.02-cm diameter nozzle with microphones at several heights and distances from the nozzle axis. Ground reflection effects are analyzed using the concept of a reflected signal transfer function which represents the influence of both the reflecting surface and the atmosphere on the propagation of the reflected signal in a mathematical model. The mathematical model used as a basis for the computer program was successful in significantly reducing the ground reflection effects. The range of values of the single complex number used to define the reflected signal transfer function was larger than expected when determined only by the asphalt surface. This may indicate that the atmosphere is affecting the propagation of the reflected signal more than the asphalt surface. The selective placement of the reinforcements and cancellations in the design of an experiment to minimize ground reflection effects is also discussed.
Diffusely scattered second harmonic generation from a silver film due to surface plasmons

Abstract We have measured the surface normal scattering of optical second harmonic generation (SHG) from a silver film due to excitation of surface plasmons. Previous researchers reported a narrow angular (∼0.5°) p-polarized SHG distribution. Instead we observe a broad (∼90°) unpolarized distribution both for smooth and roughened silver films.
Effects of kynurenic acid as a glutamate receptor antagonist in the guinea pig.

Glutamate excitotoxicity is implicated in both the genesis of neural injury and noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL). Acoustic overstimulation may result in excessive synaptic glutamate, resulting in excessive binding to post-synaptic receptors and the initiation of a destructive cascade of cellular events, thus leading to neuronal degeneration and NIHL. The purpose of this study was to determine whether this apparent excitotoxicity can be attenuated by kynurenic acid (KYNA), a broad-spectrum glutamate receptor antagonist, and protect against noise-induced temporary threshold shifts (TTS). Guinea pigs were randomly assigned to three separate groups. Baseline compound action potentials (CAP) thresholds and cochlear microphonics (CM) were recorded. Group I was treated with physiologic saline as a vehicle control applied to the round window membrane that was followed by 110 dB SPL wide-band noise for 90 min. Group II received 5 mM KYNA followed by noise exposure, and group III received 5 mM KYNA alone without noise exposure. Post-drug and noise levels of CAP thresholds and CM were then obtained. Noise exposure in the control group caused a significant temporary threshold shift (TTS) of 30–40 dB across the frequencies tested (from 3 kHz to18 kHz). Animals that received 5 mM KYNA prior to noise exposure (group II) showed statistically significant protection against noise-induced damage and demonstrated a minimal TTS ranging between 5 and 10 dB at the same frequencies. Animals in group III receiving KYNA without noise exposure showed no change in thresholds. Additionally, cochlear microphonics showed no considerable difference in threshold shifts when controls were compared to KYNA-treated animals. These results show that antagonizing glutamate receptors can attenuate noise-induced TTS, suggesting that glutamate excitotoxicity may play a role in acoustic trauma.
Oxygen diffusion effects in thermally aged elastomers

Abstract We have obtained detailed, time-dependent modulus profiles on 2·2-mm thick samples of Neoprene and styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) that were subjected to aging at temperatures of 80–150°C in air. The materials undergo strongly heterogeneous oxidation throughout this temperature range, with degradation much higher near surface regions than in the sample interior. The samples exhibit a latent onset of heterogeneous effects, particularly at the lower temperatures. As aging proceeds, the modulus in the exterior regions rises rapidly, whereas modulus changes in the interior region may slow down or stop. Numerous experiments with Neoprene formulations employing hindered phenol stabilizers of very different molecular weights demonstrate that heterogeneous oxidation is not the result of selective depletion of antioxidant from the surface regions of the sample. The primary cause of the incipient heterogeneous oxidation effects is a dramatic decrease in oxygen permeability coefficient as aging proceeds.
Functional Cerebral Space and Athletic Achievement

Reflective gaze preference was assessed for 37 undergraduates who were subsequently assigned to a right-looking, left-looking, or mixed group. Existing records for each of these subjects indicated that subjects who had more clearcut reflective gaze preferences had superior records of past athletic achievement than did subjects without reflective gaze preference. These results are consistent with the model of functional cerebral space which predicts superior performance on simultaneous tasks for more cerebrally lateralized individuals.
Observability of permutations, and stream ciphers

We study the observability of a permutation on a finite set by a complex-valued function. The analysis is done in terms of the spectral theory of the unitary operator on functions defined by the permutation. Any function f can be written uniquely as a sum of eigenfunctions of this operator; we call these eigenfunctions the eigencomponents of f. It is shown that a function observes the permutation if and only if its eigencomponents separate points and if and only if the function has no nontrivial symmetry that preserves the dynamics. Some more technical conditions are discussed. An application to the security of stream ciphers is discussed.
Gulf Stream Fluctuations and Meanders over the Onslow Bay Upper Continental Slope

Abstract Gulf Stream fluctuations observed over the 200 and 400 m isobaths off Onslow Bay, North Carolina have a prominent weekly time scale. The principal fluctuations observed during the 4-month winter experiment are consistent with Webster's (1961a) description of downstream propagating, skewed, lateral meanders of the Gulf Stream over the upper continental slope. The subtidal velocity fluctuations were highly coherent over the vertical extent (∼120 m) and over the horizontal extent (64 km) of our array. The implied downstream propagation speed was ∼30 km day−1 for the weekly period meanders. Concurrent satellite images of a sea surface temperature (SST) meander pattern indicate that subsurface temperature, salinity, velocity and relative-vorticity maxima occurred as meander crests (shoreward SST-front excursions) passed over the experiment site. The meandering currents were not coherent with nearby wind stress or coastal sea level fluctuations. Eddy-flux estimates indicate energy conversion from the f...
Micro- and ultramicrodetermination of the formyl and isonitrile groups in the presence of other acyl groups

Abstract Gravimetric and colorimetric micromethods for determination of formyl and isonitrile groups are reported. The gravimetric method is based on a quantitative cleavage of the formyl group and decomposition of formed formic acid to carbon monoxide by means of 60% sulfuric acid. Carbon monoxide is oxidized and the formed carbon dioxide is determined gravimetrically. The colorimetric ultramicromethod is based on the basic hydrolysis of the formyl group. After acidifying the hydrolysate, the quantitatively formed formic acid is distilled under special conditions. The acid is then reduced to formaldehyde. Its quantity is determined spectrophotometrically with chromotropic acid.
Intracranial Hemorrhage Sparing Meningioma in an Anticoagulated Patient

Background and purpose The risk of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in patients receiving antithrombotic therapy is well known. However, there is sparse literature regarding the risk of intracerebral hemorrhage in patients receiving warfarin, who have an intracranial meningioma. Methods and results We report a case of a 66-year-old man who developed multifocal ICHs in the context of supratherapeutic anticoagulation. There was sparing of the intracranial meningioma despite the development and growth of multiple intraparenchymal hemorrhages that resulted in death. We also review the literature evaluating the risk of ICH in anticoagulated patients with an intracranial meningioma. Conclusions The findings of this case lend further support to the gradually developing notion of relative safety of anticoagulation in patients with meningioma. They also underscore the importance of close monitoring of the INR.
Lightweight Bounding Volumes for Ray Tracing

This paper presents a memory-efficient auxiliary data structure for ray tracing called a lightweight bounding volume hierarchy, or LBVH. The new data structure reduces memory requirements in three ways: using implicit indexing, limited precision numbers, and a high branching factor. We show that LBVHs can be nearly as effective as standard bounding volumes in terms of speed while using significantly less memory. C++ source code for a ray tracer that implements LBVHs is provided online.
Habitat aridity and intraspecific differences in the urine concentrating ability of insectivorous bats.

Abstract 1. 1. The mean maximum urine concentrating abilities of geographically separated populations of Antrozous pallidus, Myotis lucifugus, and Tadarida brasiliensis were determined from renal structure. 2. 2. Differences in the ability to conserve urinary water were found among populations of a species, and were directly related to the habitat aridity as measured by the potential evapotranspiration to precipitation ratio. 3. 3. Annual precipitation in the habitat was highly correlated to the bat's ability to concentrate urine. Seasonal variations in habitat temperature had no effect on urine concentrating ability.
Coronal Heating by Collision and Cancellation of Magnetic Elements

A model is proposed for the coronal response to the interaction between randomly moving photospheric magnetic flux elements. In this model the collision between two elements of opposing signs results in reconnection and the appearance of an X-ray bright point. A section of quiet Sun on which elements are distributed and moving randomly will contain a number of X-ray bright points. The model combines a distribution of element sizes, random velocities of the elements, and a model for pair-wise collisions. This results in quantitative predictions for surface density of X-ray bright points, the distribution of their luminosities, and their contribution to the total heat flux in the quiet Sun. The predictions depend principally on the densities of flux elements of each sign + and -, the average element size , and the random velocity v0. The predicted heat flux, FXBP = 0.1 + -v0, is in rough agreement with published observational studies of X-ray bright points but well below the flux required to supply heat to the quiet Sun corona. Other predictions of the model are similarly consistent with published studies.
Probabilistic Entanglement of Excitation Stored in Remote Atomic Ensembles

Conditioned upon a photoelectric event, entanglement is created between two atomic ensembles separated by 2.8 m. The joint atomic state is transferred to two light modes and entanglement verified by quantum state tomography.
The thermal stability of lattice mismatched InGaAs grown on patterned GaAs

Patterning and etching substrates into mesas separated by trenches before the growth of mismatched (by about 1% or less) epitaxial layers considerably reduces the interface misfit dislocation density when the layer thickness exceeds the critical thickness. Such films are in a metastable state, since misfit dislocations allow the epitaxial layers to relax to an in-plane lattice parameter closer to its strain-free value. Thermal annealing (from 600 to 850° C) has been used to study the stability of these structures to explore the properties of the misfit dislocations and their formation. The misfit dislocation density was determined by counting the dark line defects at the InGaAs/GaAs interface, imaged by scanning cathodoluminescence. InGaAs epitaxial layers grown on patterned GaAs substrates by organometallic chemical vapor deposition possess a very small as-grown misfit dislocation density, and even after severe annealing for up to 300 sec at 800° C the defect density is less than 1500 cm−1 for a In0.04Ga0.96As, 300 nm thick layer (about 25% of the dislocation density found in unpatterned material that has not been annealed). The misfit dislocation nucleation properties of the material are found to depend on the trench depth; samples made with deeper (greater than 0.5 μm) trenches are more stable. Molecular beam epitaxially grown layers are much less stable than the above material; misfit dislocations nucleate in much greater numbers than in comparable organo-metallic chemical vapor deposited material at all of the temperatures studied.
Outcomes in obese and overweight acute myeloid leukemia patients receiving chemotherapy dosed according to actual body weight

Cytotoxic chemotherapy dosages are traditionally calculated according to body surface area (BSA). No guidelines exist for chemotherapy dosing of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients at extremes of weight. We investigated the efficacy and safety of chemotherapy dosed according to BSA based on actual body weight (ABW) among under/normal weight, overweight, and obese AML patients. AML patients (excluding acute promyelocytic leukemia) treated with anthracycline and cytarabine-based remission induction chemotherapy from 2002 to 2009 at Cleveland Clinic were divided into three body mass index (BMI) groups: under/normal weight (BMI ≤24.9), overweight (BMI 25.0–29.9), and obese (BMI ≥30.0). Among 247 AML patients, 81 (33%) were under/normal weight, 81 (33%) were overweight, and 85 (34%) were obese. Complete remission (CR) rates were similar among these groups (69.1, 79.0, and 76.5%, respectively; P = 0.321), as was median survival (10.7, 16.7, and 14.2 months, respectively, P = 0.352) and 30-day mortality (3.7, 2.5, 7.1%, respectively, P = 0.331). There was no difference among groups in days to neutrophil or platelet recovery, hospitalization days for induction chemotherapy, and bacteremia. After adjustment for confounders (age, sex, BMI, white blood cells, cytogenetic risk, etiology, and bacteremia), overall survival was significantly shorter for normal weight compared to overweight (P = 0.006) and obese (0.038) patients. Response rates and adverse events were not significantly different among AML patients of all weight classes when induction chemotherapy was dosed according to ABW. Induction chemotherapy in these patients can be safely dosed using ABW. Am. J. Hematol. 88:906–909, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
You May Never Understand: Prospects for Feminist Futures in International Relations

The innovative and exciting research in the field of feminist International Relations (IR) scholarship and feminist International Law is discussed. The challenges and difficulties that lie ahead for both disciplines as well as the potential for feminists in IR are highlighted.
Mutations in deadly seven/notch1a Reveal Developmental Plasticity in the Escape Response Circuit

The relatively simple neural circuit driving the escape response in zebrafish offers an excellent opportunity to study properties of neural circuit formation. The hindbrain Mauthner cell is an essential component of this circuit. Mutations in the zebrafish deadly seven/notch1a (des) gene result in supernumerary Mauthner cells. We addressed whether and how these extra cells are incorporated into the escape-response circuit. Calcium imaging revealed that all Mauthner cells in desb420 mutants were active during an elicited escape response. However, the kinematic performance of the escape response in mutant larvae was very similar to wild-type fish. Analysis of the relationship between Mauthner axon collaterals and spinal neurons revealed that there was a decrease in the number of axon collaterals per Mauthner axon in mutant larvae compared with wild-type larvae, indicative of a decrease in the number of synapses formed with target spinal neurons. Moreover, we show that Mauthner axons projecting on the same side of the nervous system have primarily nonoverlapping collaterals. These data support the hypothesis that excess Mauthner cells are incorporated into the escape-response circuit, but they divide their target territory to maintain a normal response, thus demonstrating plasticity in the formation of the escape-response circuit. Such plasticity may be key to the evolution of the startle responses in mammals, which use larger populations of neurons in circuits similar to those in the fish escape response.
Experimental determinations of several thermal properties of a mixture containing 51 mole percent Propane in Methane

Results of calorimetric determinations are reported for a mixture containing approximately 51 mole % propane in methane. Measurements were made with both isobaric and throttling flow calorimden in the liquid, critical, gaseous, and two-phase regions in the temperature range from -250" to +300"F. at pressures of between 100 and 2,000 Ib./sq. in. abs. Tables of experimental values of heat capacity, Joule-Thomson coefficient, and isothermal throttling coefficient are presented, and the values of C, and -+ are summarized on parametric plots. Experimental values of enthalpy differences within the two-phase region determined under both isobaric and isothermal conditions are also reported together with the experimentally determined phase boundary data. A skeleton enthalpy table is presented which is based almost entirely on experimental data obtained in this investigation. Comparisons are made with other published calorimetric data and with calculations based on PVT data. This article summarizes additional results in the continuing effort to obtain accurate experimental data on the thermal properties of light hydrocarbons, fixed gases, and their mixtures. It is anticipated that such data will serve to improve engineering design calculation not only by presenting accurate data but also by providing a firm basis for testing and extending methods of predicting the enthalpy of such materials. All available literature data on methane, propane, and their mixtures have been summarized in previous publications (17, 19 21, 25, 26, 36). No additional calorimetric data have been noted since the last of the above reports (36) was presented. THERMODYNAMIC RELATIONS
Powerlessness, Empowerment, and Health: Implications for Health Promotion Programs

Abstract Purpose and Scope. This article reviews the health and social science research relevant to both the role of powerlessness as a risk factor for disease, and the role of empowerment as a health-enhancing strategy. The research literature surveyed includes studies that address these key concepts from the fields of social epidemiology, occupational health, stress research, social psychology, community psychology, social support and networks, community competence and community organizing. Definitions are provided to operationalize these sometimes loosely-applied terms. Important Findings. Powerlessness, or lack of control over destiny, emerges as a broad-based risk factor for disease. Empowerment, though more difficult to evaluate, can also be demonstrated as an important promoter of health. Major Conclusions. Given the importance and currency of these concepts of powerlessness and empowerment, a model of empowerment education is proposed for health-promotion practitioners. Measurement of empowerment ...
Emotion regulation in preschoolers: the roles of behavioral inhibition, maternal affective behavior, and maternal depression

Background: This study examined preschoolers’ emotion regulation (ER) strategies and the association with temperament, maternal interactive style, and maternal history of childhood-onset depression (COD). Methods: Participants were 62 children and their mothers, 37 of whom had mothers with COD. Children’s ER was assessed using a disappointment paradigm; temperament assessment also was laboratory-based. Results: Maternal COD was inversely related to offspring’s active ER and positive mood. Among children of COD mothers, behavioral inhibition was associated with passive regulation and sadness, and maternal positivity toward these children was associated with child active ER and positive mood. Conclusion: Behavioral inhibition may place children of COD mothers at risk for developing maladaptive ways of regulating negative emotion, whereas mothers’ positivity may serve as a protective factor for them. Keywords: Emotion regulation, behavioral inhibition, parent–child interaction, maternal depression. Abbreviations: COD: childhood-onset depression; ER: emotion regulation.
Exciton transport and electron mobility of organized aggregates of cationic dye thiocyanates

Films of cationic dye thiocyanates adsorbed on copper based substrates form organized structures by a process of templated self-assembly. The growth process is initiated by strong S-bonding of thiocyanate ions to Cu sites, followed by repetitive and alternate bonding of dye cations and thiocyanate anions by electrostatic and dipolar forces. Rhodamine B thiocyanate and several other cationic dye thiocyanates solid films deposited this way exhibit J-aggregation behavior with large red-shifts in the absorption spectrum. Photoelectrochemical experiments with Rhodamine B thiocyanate deposited CuSCN cathodes indicated exciton diffusion lengths of order of 100 nm and space charge saturation current measurements suggested nearly three orders of magnitude enhancement of the electron mobility in the J-aggregated film. The photovoltaic properties of heterojunctions sandwiching J-aggregated dye films between n- and p-type semiconductor surfaces are investigated for potential application as solar cells and photon detectors.