cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Principal component analysis of binary data by iterated singular value decomposition

The maximum-likelihood estimates of a principal component analysis on the logit or probit scale are computed using majorization algorithms that iterate a sequence of weighted or unweighted singular value decompositions. The relation with similar methods in item response theory, roll call analysis, and binary choice analysis is discussed. The technique is applied to 2001 US House roll call data.
Characterization of the effects of asparaginase from escherichia coli and a glutaminase‐free asparaginase from vibrio succinogenes on specific cell‐mediated cytotoxicity

Asparaginases isolated from Escherichia coli and Erwinia carotovora are effective in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in man. During treatment with either of these enzymes, patients frequently experience pronounced toxicity, including liver and pancreatic dysfunction and immunosuppression. The capabilities of these enzymes to hydrolyze L-glutamine, an important amino acid in mammalian intermediary metabolism, have led investigators to suggest that the glutaminase activity may be responsible for the observed toxicities. Unlike other asparaginases, an enzyme isolated in our laboratory from Vibrio succinogenes, has been shown to be a potent antilymphoma agent and to be highly specific for L-asparagine. Our previous work has established that the glutaminase-free asparaginase from V. succinogenes does not suppress the in vivo humoral or cell-mediated immune responses of mice to sheep red blood cells, whereas the E. coli enzyme abolishes these responses. In this study, we describe the mechanisms by which E. coli asparaginase suppresses specific antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity. An analysis of the kinetics of appearance of the specific cell-mediated cytotoxic response of spleen cells after immunization with sheep red blood cells revealed that it paralleled the IgG plaque-forming cell response. In addition, 18-h culture supernatants from immune spleen cells conferred upon non-immune cells the ability to specifically lyse sheep red blood cells. Pretreatment of immune supernatants with protein A-Sepharose 4B absorbed out the soluble arming factor. An analysis of E. coli asparaginase-induced suppression of specific antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity revealed that a decreased synthesis of specific IgG was responsible for the observed reduction in cytotoxic reactivity. When culture supernatants from spleen cells of immunized animals not treated with asparaginase were added to spleen cells from E. coli asparaginase-treated mice, however, there was an increased cytotoxic response. This suggested that there was an increase in the number or ratio of effector cells for the specific antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxic response in spleens of enzyme-treated animals. Through the characterization of the immunosuppressive effects of two asparaginases—one having the catalytic capability to hydrolyze L-glutamine and the other lacking this catalytic activity—we now have evidence that the immunosuppressive effects of E. coli asparaginase on specific antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity cannot be the result of asparagine depletion alone. Our data demonstrate that the glutaminase-free asparaginase from V. succinogenes is not immunosuppressive and suggest that an asparaginase with high substrate specificity for L-asparagine may be a safer treatment for leukemia patients.
Morphing Aircraft Dynamical Model: Longitudinal Shape Changes

This paper develops an aerodynamic model and a dynamic model of a morphing flying wing aircraft. The dynamic model includes realistic aerodynamic forces, consisting of lift, drag, and pitching moment about the leading edge, calculated using a constant strength source doublet panel method. The panel method allows for the calculation of aerodynamic forces due to large scale shape changing eects. The dynamic model calculates state information for the morphing wing based on the aerodynamic forces from the panel method. The model allows for multiple shape changing degrees-of-freedom for the wing, including thickness, sweep, dihedral angle, and chord length. Results show the model provides a versatile and computationally ecient tool for calculating the aerodynamic forces on the morphing aircraft and using these forces to show the associated states.
Methods of transmission of hepatitis C

The route of transmission of hepatitis C virus is still controversial. Parenteral exposure via blood or blood products leads to infection in the majority of cases, and the majority of intravenous drug users become infected by repetitive exposure to contaminated injection equipment. The risk of infection from a single needlestick injury is 5-15% and may depend on the size of the innoculum. Other parenteral routes of transmission may include traditional healing practices and the use of contaminated medical equipment. Transmission is less common within a family but the prevalence of hepatitis C viral antibodies is higher in family members and sexual partners of carriers than in the general population. There are some well-documented instances of acute hepatitis C occurring after a defined sexual exposure. Vertical transmission is rare unless the mother has high levels of circulating HCV RNA as may occur in those also infected with HIV. The detection of hepatitis C in saliva and the higher than expected prevalence of infection in dentists may point to the possibility of transmission by salivary contamination. There remain large numbers of hepatitis C carriers in whom no route of infection can be identified.
TAX LIMIT REPEAL AND SCHOOL SPENDING

This is the fi rst study to evaluate the effects on school spending of repeal of constitutional property tax levy limits. While several studies report that the imposition of tax limits constrains local government and school district spending, this study fails to reject the null hypotheses that tax limit repeal in New York State induced no signifi cant immediate or gradual impact on the average spending of either all districts subject to tax limits or districts that were spending at their limits. The latter fi nding suggests that these “at limit” districts were not constrained by tax limits, either because the desired spending levels were exactly “at limit,” or because the limits were no longer binding after the districts utilized other non-property tax revenues such as state aid, especially from the supplemental Hurd aid program.
Interpretation of high resolution spectra of Mars—III. Calculations of CO abundance and rotational temperature

High-resolution spectra for the whole disk of Mars(1) have been reanalyzed to obtain a mean rotational temperature of Trot = 205±7°K (standard deviation) using four distributions for the collision-broadened line half width. A line-by-line calculation using Voigt line profiles has been performed to fit the measured equivalent widths for a range of Martian surface pressures. This fit indicates a carbon monoxide abundance of 47 >wco > 40 cm atm is in the total path for 5 wco > 27 cm atm in the total path for 5 < ps < 6 mb.
Evaluating the performance of IEEE 802.11 network using RTS/CTS mechanism

In order to effectively analyze the performance of wireless local area networks (WLANs), it is important to identify what types of network settings can cause bad performance. Low throughput, high packet loss rate, delayed round trip time (RTT) for packets, increased retransmissions, and increased collisions are the main attributes to look for when analyzing poor network performance. We use the OPNET Modeler [1] to simulate the RTS/CTS mechanism to evaluate the performance of IEEE 802.11 MAC protocol [6]. We have simulated two scenarios with and without RTS/CTS mechanism enabled on network nodes. We have concluded our findings by comparing the total WLAN retransmissions, data traffic sent/received, WLAN Delay of two scenarios. RTS/CTS mechanism is helpful to reduce the number of retransmissions if hidden node problem persists in network scenarios.
Cystic lesions of the pancreas: changes in the presentation and management of 1,424 patients at a single institution over a 15-year time period.

Background Cystic lesions of the pancreas are being identified more frequently, and a selective approach to resection is now recommended. The aim of this study was to assess the change in presentation and management of pancreatic cystic lesions evaluated at a single institution over 15 years. Study Design A prospectively maintained registry of patients evaluated between 1995 and 2010 for the ICD-9 diagnosis of pancreatic cyst was reviewed. The 539 patients managed from 1995 to 2005 were compared with the 885 patients managed from 2005 to 2010. Results A total of 1,424 patients were evaluated, including 1,141 with follow-up >6 months. Initial management (within 6 months of first assessment) was operative in 422 patients (37%) and nonoperative in 719 patients (63%). Operative mortality in patients initially submitted to resection was 0.7% (n = 3). Median radiographic follow-up in patients initially managed nonoperatively was 28 months (range 6 to 175 months). Patients followed radiographically were more likely to have cysts that were asymptomatic (72% versus 49%, p Conclusion Cystic lesions of the pancreas are being identified more frequently, yet are less likely to present with concerning features of malignancy. Carefully selected patients managed nonoperatively had a risk of malignancy that was equivalent to the risk of operative mortality in those patients who initially underwent resection.
“The evangelical prophecies over Jerusalem have been fulfilled”: Joachim of Fiore, the Jews, Fray Diego de Landa and the Maya

Since its rediscovery in the nineteenth century, Fray Diego de Landa's Relacion de las cosas de Yucatan (1566?) has been essential reading for specialists in various areas of Mesoamerican or Mayan studies. In this study, however, I focus on Landa himself rather than on Maya society at the time of European contact. Specifically, I argue that Landa's project was informed by the medieval Joachimist tradition and examine the ways this strain of millenarian thought helped to frame Fray Diego's understanding of the importance of the Maya, the way he wrote about them and the way he treated them as leader of the church in Yucatan. Landa stands out from other Franciscan missionaries of his time because of his savage inquisitorial practices. I suggest Landa's approach to converting the Maya is best understood as consistent with Spanish practices well established in the late Middle Ages during the period of intense conversion of the Jews.
Menstrual Bleeding Patterns Among Regularly Menstruating Women

Menstrual bleeding patterns are considered relevant indicators of reproductive health, though few studies have evaluated patterns among regularly menstruating premenopausal women. The authors evaluated self-reported bleeding patterns, incidence of spotting, and associations with reproductive hormones among 201 women in the BioCycle Study (2005–2007) with 2 consecutive cycles. Bleeding patterns were assessed by using daily questionnaires and pictograms. Marginal structural models were used to evaluate associations between endogenous hormone concentrations and subsequent total reported blood loss and bleeding length by weighted linear mixed-effects models and weighted parametric survival analysis models. Women bled for a median of 5 days (standard deviation: 1.5) during menstruation, with heavier bleeding during the first 3 days. Only 4.8% of women experienced midcycle bleeding. Increased levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (β = 0.20, 95% confidence interval: 0.13, 0.27) and progesterone (β = 0.06, 95% confidence interval: 0.03, 0.09) throughout the cycle were associated with heavier menstrual bleeding, and higher follicle-stimulating hormone levels were associated with longer menses. Bleeding duration and volume were reduced after anovulatory compared with ovulatory cycles (geometric mean blood loss: 29.6 vs. 47.2 mL; P = 0.07). Study findings suggest that detailed characterizations of bleeding patterns may provide more insight than previously thought as noninvasive markers for endocrine status in a given cycle.
Identification of Genes in the Ovine Endometrium Regulated by Interferon τ Independent of Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 1

Interferon τ (IFNτ), a type I IFN produced by the conceptus trophectoderm, increases many type I IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) in the ovine uterine endometrial stroma and glandular epithelium (GE) using signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1)-dependent pathways. Most ISGs are not induced or increased by IFNτ in the STAT1-negative endometrial luminal epithelium (LE). The objective was to identify genes regulated by IFNτ in a STAT1-independent manner using DNA microarray and human cell lines. The RNA from human 2fTGH and U3A (STAT1 null 2fTGH) cell lines, stimulated for 24 h with nothing or recombinant ovine IFNτ, was profiled using an Affymetrix human genome U95Av2 microarray. In 2fTGH cells, IFNτ increased the expression of 101 genes at least 2-fold, including IFN-inducible 56-kDa protein (IFI56), ISG12 or p27, and guanylate binding protein isoform I (GBP-2). In U3A cells, IFNτ increased expression of 66 genes at least 2-fold, including Wnt7a. Steady-state levels of IFI56, ISG12, GBP-2, a...
Multifeature analysis of Gd-enhanced MR images of breast lesions.

The objective of this study was to determine whether linear discriminant analysis of different independent features of MR images of breast lesions can increase the sensitivity and specificity of this technique. For MR images of 23 benign and 20 malignant breast lesions, three independent classes of features, including characteristics of Gd-DTPA-uptake curve, boundary, and texture were evaluated. The three classes included five, four and eight features each, respectively. Discriminant analysis was applied both within and across the three classes, to find the best combination of features yielding the highest classification accuracy. The highest specificity and sensitivity of the different classes considered independently were as follows: Gd-up-take curves, 83% and 70%; boundary features, 86% and 70%; and texture, 70% and 75%, respectively. A combination of one feature each from the first two classes and age yielded a specificity of 79% and sensitivity of 90%, whereas highest figures of 93% and 95%, respectively, were obtained when a total of 10 features were combined across different classes. Statistical analysis of different independent classes of features in MR images of breast lesions can improve the classification accuracy of this technique significantly.
Exchange and development: a dynamical, complex systems perspective.

Close relationships are complex systems that are frequently reorganized on the basis of prevailing communal and exchange norms.
Oral reading cue strategies of better and poorer readers

Abstract This study investigated the effect of reading ability on graphically and con‐textually constrained oral reading errors of fourth‐grade readers at differing degrees of reading difficulty. Each subject's low, moderate, and high levels of difficulty were inferred from the frequency of their oral reading errors while reading a complete story written in six equal parts corresponding to readability levels one through six. Results indicated that better and poorer readers differed from each other in their attention to graphic and semantic cues. At low and high levels of difficulty, poorer readers were more strongly cued by graphic than contextual information, while better readers were more strongly cued by contextual than graphic information. At moderate levels of difficulty, no statistical differences were observed. In addition, both readers tended to alter their cueing strategies as they experienced increased difficulty: better readers increased attention to graphic cues while maintaining their focus o...
A simple model for the Pacific cold tongue and ENSO

Abstract A conceptual model is constructed based upon the Bjerknes hypothesis of tropical atmosphere–ocean interaction. It is shown that strong feedbacks among the trade winds, equatorial zonal sea surface temperature contrast, and upper-ocean heat content occur in the tropical Pacific basin. Coupled atmosphere–ocean dynamics produce both the strong Pacific cold-tongue climate state and the El Nino–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon. The cold-tongue climate state is unstable and gives rise to the self-sustained ENSO, which can be understood as an equatorial ocean recharge oscillator. The small basin size and the influence of a wind system resulting from heating sources of its adjacent landmasses are responsible for a weak and stable Atlantic cold-tongue state that cannot support ENSO-like interannual variability. The presence of westerly wind associated with the Walker circulation ascending at the western Pacific warm pool disables the dynamical coupling processes in the equatorial Indian Ocean. As a ...
Print to Digital: A Fundamental Transition

Keele, B. J. (2015). Print to Digital: A Fundamental Transition. AALL Spectrum, 20(1), 30-33.
Cricetidae—Part 1

Cricetids are small rodents. Because it is such a diverse family of rodents, many features of the skull are quite variable. The braincase is relatively inflated and the rostrum narrow (Fig. 20.1). The zygomasseteric structure is either hystricomorphous (infraorbital foramen enlarged for passage of the masseter medialis) or myomorphous (passage of masseter medialis through the infraorbital foramen and extension of the masseter lateralis onto the rostrum forming a tilted zygomatic plate). The incisive foramina vary in size from large to small depending on the subfamily. The zygoma is usually slender. The temporalis scar is limited to the lateral margins of the parietal bones except in eumyines where a distinct sagittal crest may be formed. The auditory bullae vary in size from small to greatly inflated.
Residential Energy Efficiency and Electric Demand Response

Demand response programs, reduced air conditioner size, and improved thermal integrity all reduce the peak demand for residential air conditioning. All can also affect the comfort of residential occupants. A simulation of six hundred houses provides insight into the peak reductions available from each, and their effects on occupant comfort. Reduced air conditioner size and improved thermal integrity should always be evaluated whenever a demand response program, distributed generation, or energy storage are considered.
Profile of a paleo-orogen: High topography across the present-day Basin and Range from 40 to 23 Ma

Records of past topography connect Earth’s deep interior to the surface, reflecting the distribution of heat and mass, past crustal structure, and plate interactions. Many tectonic reconstructions of the North American Cordillera suggest the presence of an Altiplano-like plateau in the location of the modern Basin and Range, with conflicting timing and mechanisms for the onset of surface-lowering extension and orogen collapse. Here we show, through a paleotopographic profile, that from the Eocene to the Oligocene a high, broad orogen stretched across Nevada, with a distinct crest that divided a continuous westward-draining slope extending to central California from an internally drained eastern Nevada plateau. This paleo-orogen maintained demonstrably higher-than-modern elevations, reaching 3500 m in the late Oligocene. Despite the long-term high gravitational potential energy of the crust supporting this topography, surface-lowering extension did not occur until the transition to a transform margin changed the external kinematic framework of the system. Maximum surface lowering was spatially decoupled from brittle upper crustal extension, requiring a large component of mid-crustal flow.
Stability studies of human fibrinopeptide A as measured by radioimmunoassay.

ConclusionStability studies of fibrinopeptide A in plasma, an ultrafiltrate of plasma, urine and buffer were conducted using a radioimmunoassay method to measure immunoreactivity of the peptide. The peptide was found to be unstable in plasma at 25 and 37° with 50 to 65% loss of activity at 24 hr and 85% loss of activity after 7 days. Similar loss of FPA activity was also noticed in an XM 50 ultrafiltrate of plasma and in urine. Of various proteolytic inhibitors tested only EDTA in concentrations of 40 μmoles/ml was able to completely stabilize the peptide against loss of activity. Freezing of the peptide in plasma at —10° was also associated with complete stability of FPA activity for at least 7 days.This work was supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health (NHLI) (HL 10999, HL 14236, HE 05741) and the New York Heart Association. H.L.N. is a recipient of Career Development Award HE 46355 and G.D.Q. is supported by Hematology Training Grant AM 05231.
Creatine phosphokinase in detection of visceral muscle injury.

SummaryStimulation of dog urinary bladder muscle to the point of rigor and subjection of dog urinary bladder muscle to ischemia caused an increase in the effluent venous CPK activity. The technique of monitoring CPK activity employed in this study allows the detection of specific visceral muscle cellular compromise without the necessity of biopsy during ongoing physiologic experimentation. Lactate concentration in the venous blood of the vesical vein was unchanged by supramaximal stimulation or ischemia of the urinary bladder and suggests that anaerobic metabolism did not play a prominent role in energy metabolism during these experimental stresses. Bladder muscle glycogen was found to be about one-tenth the concentration found in skeletal muscle and was not depleted during the course of these experiments.
Where is the System in the Man-Machine System?:

Implications of the man-machine concept for Human Factors as a discipline are derived. Two fundamental research questions stem from this assumption: Are psychological principles describing individual and group behavior sufficient to explain operator and multiman-machine system operations; and, what is the relationship between individual responses and system outputs? Review of the Human Factors literature indicates that most studies ignore the system and fail to answer these questions. Reasons for and consequences of this failure are explored.
Physical Examination: Approach to the Pain Patient

The physical examination plays an integral role in successfully diagnosing and managing treatment. The following section gives a comprehensive review of the components to the physical examination. The section is organized by each musculoskeletal region. Each region is then divided by inspection, palpation, range of motion, and any special tests associated with that particular region.
Spread of Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae Among Illinois Healthcare Facilities: The Role of Patient Sharing

Background Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) spread regionally throughout healthcare facilities through patient transfer and cause difficult-to-treat infections. We developed a state-wide patient-sharing matrix and applied social network analyses to determine whether greater connectedness (centrality) to other healthcare facilities and greater patient sharing with long-term acute care hospitals (LTACHs) predicted higher facility CRE rates. Methods We combined CRE case information from the Illinois extensively drug-resistant organism registry with measures of centrality calculated from a state-wide hospital discharge dataset to predict facility-level CRE rates, adjusting for hospital size and geographic characteristics. Results Higher CRE rates were observed among facilities with greater patient sharing, as measured by degree centrality. Each additional hospital connection (unit of degree) conferred a 6% increase in CRE rate in rural facilities (relative risk [RR] = 1.056; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.030-1.082) and a 3% increase among Chicagoland and non-Chicago urban facilities (RR = 1.027; 95% CI, 1.002-1.052 and RR = 1.025; 95% CI, 1.002-1.048, respectively). Sharing 4 or more patients with LTACHs was associated with higher CRE rates, but this association may have been due to chance (RR = 2.08; 95% CI, .85-5.08; P = .11). Conclusions Hospitals with greater connectedness to other hospitals in a statewide patient-sharing network had higher CRE burden. Centrality had a greater effect on CRE rates in rural counties, which do not have LTACHs. Social network analysis likely identifies hospitals at higher risk of CRE exposure, enabling focused clinical and public health interventions.
Multifunctional all-dielectric nano-optical systems using collective multipole Mie resonances: toward on-chip integrated nanophotonics

We present an analysis of the optical response of a class of on-chip integrated nanophotonic systems comprising all-dielectric building-block-based multifunctional light manipulating units (LMU) integrated with quantum dot (QD) light sources. Multiple functions (such as focusing excitation light, QD emission rate enhancement, photon guidance, and lossless propagation) are simultaneously realized using the collective Mie resonances of dipole and higher-order multipole modes of the dielectric building blocks (DBBs) constituting a single structural unit, the LMU. Using an analytical formulation based on Mie theory, we demonstrate enhancement of the excitation light simultaneously with the guiding and propagation of the emitted light from a QD emitter integrated with the DBB-based LMU. The QD-DBB integrated structures can serve as basic elements for building nano-optical active circuits for optical information processing in both classical and quantum realms.
Delivery and Tracking Considerations for Cell-Based Therapies

Abstract Cell delivery and retention properties are inextricably linked to the therapeutic capabilities of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). An assortment of noninvasive, minimally invasive, and invasive delivery approaches are being explored, particularly for heart disease treatment. Cellular imaging labels may be used to track cells in the short and medium terms. Regulatory officials typically review how cells are administered and their fate. This chapter reviews common delivery and tracking approaches as it pertains to cell-based therapy.
Near-Far Resistance of Multirate CDMA Communications Systems

In this paper, the near-far resistance is derived for the multirate code division multiple access (CDMA) communications systems. Despite its superiority in other areas, it is shown that the near-far resistance performance is deteriorated in the multirate CDMA communications systems compared with that of the single-rate direct sequence CDMA.
Expression of Phosphorylated KIT in Canine Mast Cell Tumor

Canine cutaneous mast cell tumor (MCT) is the most common canine skin tumor and exhibits variable biologic behavior. Signaling through the KIT receptor tyrosine kinase promotes cellular proliferation and survival and has been shown to play a role in MCT progression. Despite investigations into numerous biomarkers and the proposal of several grading schemas, no single marker or grading system can accurately predict outcome in canine MCT. The first aim of this study was to develop an immunohistochemical assay to measure phosphorylated KIT (pKIT) to investigate its association with 2 commonly used grading systems and other established prognostic markers for canine MCT. Thirty-four archived MCTs were evaluated for expression of pKIT and Ki-67, KIT localization, mitotic count, mutations in exons 8 and 11 in c-kit, and grading by the Patnaik and 2-tier systems. Expression of pKIT was significantly (P < .05) correlated with the 2-tier grading scheme and c-kit mutation. Correlation approached significance (P = .0...
Property Law for the Anthropocene Era

The most important challenge facing American property law today is how to adapt to the Anthropocene era. In 2016, scientists officially acknowledged that we have entered this new geological period, which is characterized by the reality that human activity ― not nature ― is now the dominant force transforming the physical world. In this period of rapid and unprecedented global change, our traditional rigid and absolutist approach to property rights is increasingly obsolete. This Article is the first comprehensive analysis of how property law should respond to the Anthropocene challenge. It demonstrates the need to transition from a property law system based on stability to a more dynamic system that accommodates large-scale change. We must develop a new vision of ownership in which property rights are more flexible and less categorical than in the past, and implement this transition in a manner that does not violate the Takings Clause. The Article proposes four overarching principles to guide the evolution of our property law system in the coming decades.
Gendering Leadership in Vietnamese Media: A Role Congruity Study on News Content and Journalists’ Perception of Female and Male Leaders:

This study combines two research methods to explore how female leaders are portrayed in the news in Vietnam, and Vietnamese journalists’ perception of female and male leaders. Content analysis indi...
Toward Improving Ice Water Content and Snow-Rate Retrievals from Radars. Part II: Results from Three Wavelength Radar–Collocated In Situ Measurements and CloudSat–GPM–TRMM Radar Data

AbstractTwo methods for deriving relationships between the equivalent radar reflectivity factor Ze and the snowfall rate S at three radar wavelengths are described. The first method uses collocations of in situ aircraft (microphysical observations) and overflying aircraft (radar observations) from two field programs to develop Ze–S relationships. In the second method, measurements of Ze at the top of the melting layer (ML), from radars on the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM), Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM), and CloudSat satellites, are related to the retrieved rainfall rate R at the base of the ML, assuming that the mass flux through the ML is constant. Retrievals of R are likely to be more reliable than S because far fewer assumptions are involved in the retrieval and because supporting ground-based validation data are available. The Ze–S relationships developed here for the collocations and the mass-flux technique are compared with those derived from level 2 retrievals from the standar...
Effects of a Personal Narrative in Messages Designed to Promote Healthy Fish Consumption Among Women of Childbearing Age.

Women of childbearing age (WCBA) can attain health benefits of fish consumption while minimizing risks by following state and federal fish consumption guidelines, but many women avoid fish out of c...
Placement of Temporary Epicardial Pacer Leads

Method that avoids suturing the anterior thin atrial wall that causes bleeding upon removal of the lead. It also implements bipolar pacing.
Emerging biomarkers and targeted therapies in urothelial carcinoma

The use of immunotherapy has revolutionized the management of patients with locally advanced, unresectable, and metastatic urothelial carcinoma (UC); however, platinum-based chemotherapy remains a therapeutic cornerstone both in localized muscle-invasive and advanced UC. There is still no predictive molecular biomarker with clinical utility to help guide treatment and select patients most likely to derive benefit from a particular therapeutic modality or regimen. However, recent research has further characterized the inherent biology and immunology landscapes of UC leading to the development of potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets that could be used upon further validation. Emerging interrogation of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and other molecular profiling datasets has led to the identification of distinct molecular subtypes with diverse clinical behaviors with potential sensitivity to various therapies. It has also led to the discovery of multiple frequently altered genes and proteins that could lead to perturbation of intracellular signaling pathways and of the dynamic interactions between tumor cells, their “microenvironment”, and the host “macro-environment”. The advent of molecular profiling and deeper next-generation sequencing has the potential to change biomarker and “real time” drug sensitivity assessment, introducing and testing the premise of “precision oncology” and personalized medicine. Within this review, we summarize emerging biomarkers that may predict response to cisplatin-based chemotherapy, immunotherapy, emerging targeted therapies, and promising combination strategies. We also highlight a few examples of ‘precision medicine’ trials aiming to improve outcomes in UC. Since our review is not exhaustive we strongly recommend the readers to follow the continuously changing literature in the very interesting and dynamic field of UC.
SOME EFFECTS OF AGING AND LIPID-LOWERING DRUGS ON LIPID METABOLISM AND THE HEPATIC ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

Certain effects of aging, reproductive status and lipid–lowering drugs on lipid metabolism, liver structure and hepatic drug metabolizing enzymes in male Sprague-Dawley, Holtzman strain rats are presented. Attention is focused on the following: 1) retired breeder rats have statistically higher serum cholesterol levels and a shorter life expectancy than age-matched virgin counterparts; 2) the retired breeder rat may be a suitable animal model for testing lipid-lowering agents and the pathogenesis of certain types of hyperlipoproteinemia; 3) oxandrolone may be an unusually potent hypocholesterolemic agent capable of inducing the proliferation of hepatic smooth endoplasmic reticulum without an associated increase in drug-metabolizing enzymes; 4) specific alterations in hepatic fine structure occur as a function of age; 5) certain age-related structural changes in the liver may be reversible; and, 6) subtle changes in cell fine structure may be detected by quantitative electron microscopy.
Innovations in Global Governance: Toward a Distributed Internet Governance Ecosystem

The growth and globalization of the Internet over the past 40 years has been nothing short of remarkable. Virtually all sectors, from development to healthcare to education to politics, have been transformed. Yet developments in how the Internet is governed have not kept pace with this rapid technological innovation. Figuring out how to evolve the Internet’s governance in ways that are effective and legitimate is essential to ensure its continued potential. Flexible and innovative decision-making mechanisms are needed in order to enable disparate governance actors to address and respond effectively as changes in the network occur. This paper seeks to address the need to develop an effective and legitimate Internet governance ecosystem by proposing a distributed yet coordinated framework that can accommodate a plurality of existing and emerging decision-making approaches. It draws on the lessons of open governance, adopting innovative techniques to facilitate coordination, information sharing, and evidence generation by and across increasingly diverse and global groups of Internet actors, and calls for creating practical tools to support such an effective, legitimate and evolving Internet governance ecosystem. Although no right answer or single model for how to manage all issues of relevance to the Internet is suggested within this paper, the proposed framework intends to allow for diverse experiments in distributed governance approaches to learn what works and what does not.
Tumor mutation burden, DNA mismatch repair status and checkpoint immunotherapy markers in primary and relapsed malignant rhabdoid tumors

Abstract Introduction Malignant rhabdoid tumor (MRT) is a rare, aggressive pediatric tumor of nuclear lineage. It is mainly characterized by germline or somatic SMARCB1 (INI1) driver mutations. To characterize the potential for immunotherapy in untreated and treated MRT, current study investigated tumor mutational burden (TMB) and other biomarkers in MRT. Material and methods Normal-tumor paired whole exome sequencing (WES) and/or immunohistochemistry (IHC) of DNA mismatch repair (MMR) proteins, PD-L1, PD-1 and CD8 were performed in 16 cases, some with both primary and relapsed tumor. Results Five cases subjected to WES demonstrated germline SMARCB1 (INI1) mutations. TMB was 0.7–1.07/Mb in 4 of the 5 primary untreated tumors, and 33.81/Mb in one case with pathogenic MMR, POLD, and POLE mutations. Ten cases tested for MMR status by IHC showed retained nuclear expression of the proteins. Eight of the 16 cases (8/16, 50%) showed membranous expression of PD-L1 in 10–70% of tumor cells (tumor proportion score, TPS). Nine cases (9/16, 56.3%) showed high (>2/HPF) tumor infiltrating lymphocytes with PD-1 staining ranging 10–60%, correlating with tumor PD-L1 staining (p Conclusion MRT has a low TMB. Nonetheless, because a subset of MRT cases have a PD-L1 TPS greater than the cutoff for checkpoint therapy in other malignancies, the utility of immune checkpoint inhibitors should be studied in this patient population.
Nuclear Norm Under Tensor Kronecker Products.

Derksen proved that the spectral norm is multiplicative with respect to vertical tensor products (also known as tensor Kronecker products). We will use this result to show that the nuclear norm and other norms of interest are also multiplicative with respect to vertical tensor products.
Young-onset pancreas cancer (PC) in patients less than or equal to 50 years old at Memorial Sloan Kettering (MSK): Descriptors, genomics, and outcomes.

774Background: For individuals ≤ 50 years old, cancer incidence is increasing, particularly gastrointestinal and obesity related cancers (Sung, Lancet Public Health 2019). Limited details are known...
Intraperitonial/ Subcutaneous delivery of fit autologous Mesenchymal Stromal cells effectively cure DSS induced colitis

Background & Aim Background Bone marrow derived Mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSCs) with their excellent regenerative and immunomodulatory function, offer great potential for diverse clinical application. However, the success rate of advanced clinical trials has not been proven to be as promising as pre-clinical animal data in a wide array of disease models. Proper knowledge of the biological and pharmacological aspects of MSC based therapy is required to meet the medical demand of human clinical trials. AIM To execute a controlled, side-by-side comparison of the effects of delivery route, metabolic fitness and immune compatibility on dwell time and therapeutic efficacy of BM-MSC in mouse model of colitis. Methods, Results & Conclusion Methods/procedures Here we have compared the efficacy of 1) allogenic vs. autologous 2) metabolically active vs. inactive and 3) IP/IV/SC route of BM-MSC transplantation in a model of DSS-induced colitis mice, Finally, using in vivo optical imaging, we identified the most effective mode of BM-MSC application by tracking the bio-distribution and survival of bioluminescent BM-MSC. Main findings BM-MSC delivered by intraperitoneal or subcutaneous route is equivalently efficacious and superior than intravenous route of administration in reduction of colitis severity. Metabolically active BM-MSC supports prolonged cell survival as well as shows best biological activity. Immunocompetent colitis mice reject allogenic MHC-mismatched MSC. Conclusion Culture-rescued, metabolically active autologous BM-MSC achieves maximal potency if administered via IP or SC route into mouse model of colitis.
Modes of Interaction in Binary Blends of Hydrophobic Polyethers and Imidazolium Bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide Ionic Liquids

Lower critical solution behavior in binary blends of hydrophobic polyethers with 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([hmim][Tf2N]) exhibited a difference in lower critica...
FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF COMBINED I-SHAPED BEAMS UNDER ECCENTRIC LOAD

In this paper, when the beam was applied with eccentric force, the finite element analysis technique was used to calculate the maximum stress peak in the combined beams section. For the combined beams of the steel structure engineering while the beams are mounted and are not mounted web stiffener,and the results were that the stress peak in web stiffener of the beams section can be reduced remarkable,finally, it provided the detail items for the designing of beams.
The Origin of tRNA

Several ideas have been proposed by other researchers to explain the origin of tRNA or how modern L-form tRNA was formed, like as the minihelix theory, the double-hairpin theory and so on. It seems to me that those hypotheses have been too strongly influenced by the structure of modern tRNA and consequently the strong influence instead has made it difficult to solve the origin of tRNA. On the contrary, I got a novel hypothesis, anticodon stem-loop (AntiC-SL) hypothesis on the origin of tRNA through base sequence analysis of 5′ stem sequences of anticodon stem-loop of Pseudomonas aeruginosa tRNAs (Ikehara K, Orig Life Evol Biosph 49:61–75, 2019). The hypothesis suggests that modern tRNA originated from a small but stable hairpin-loop RNA composed of 17 nucleotides, which was produced through random process. According to the hypothesis, it can be reasonably assumed that modern tRNAs originated from one nonspecific AntiC-SL, which can carry one of [GADV]-amino acids selected randomly. Further, it can be hypothesized without any large discrepancy as that four specific [GADV]-AntiC-SL tRNAs were formed from one nonspecific AntiC-SL tRNA through four nonspecific AntiC-SL tRNAs. The evolutionary process from the one AntiC-SL tRNA to L-form modern tRNA could be also deduced without any large contradiction.
Tiffany Stern, ed. Rethinking Theatrical Documents in Shakespeare’s England. Bloomsbury, 2020. Roslyn L. Knutson, David McInnis, and Matthew Steggle, eds. Loss and the Literary Culture of Shakespeare’s Time. Palgrave Macmillan, 2020.

Elizabeth Tavares's double of review of Rethinking Theatrical Documents in Shakespeare’s England, edited by Tiffany Stern and Loss and the Literary Culture of Shakespeare’s Time, edited by Roslyn L. Knutson, David McInnis, and Matthew Steggle.
Infant Safe Sleep Practices as Portrayed on Instagram: Observational Study

Background: Parenting practices are highly influenced by perceived social norms. Social norms and American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) guidelines for infant safe sleep practices are often inconsistent. Instagram has become one of the most popular social media websites among young adults (including many expectant and new parents). We hypothesized that the majority of Instagram images of infant sleep and sleep environments are inconsistent with AAP guidelines, and that the number of “likes” for each image would not correlate with adherence of the image to these guidelines. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the extent of adherence of Instagram images of infant sleep and sleep environments to safe infant sleep guidelines. Methods: We searched Instagram using hashtags that were relevant to infant sleeping practices and environments. We then used an open-source web scraper to collect images and the number of “likes” for each image from 27 hashtags. Images were analyzed for adherence to AAP safe sleep guidelines. Results: A total of 1563 images (1134 of sleeping infant; 429 of infant sleep environment without sleeping infant) met inclusion criteria and were analyzed. Only 117 (7.49%) of the 1563 images were consistent with AAP guidelines. The most common reasons for inconsistency with AAP guidelines were presence of bedding (1173/1563, 75.05%) and nonrecommended sleep position (479/1134, 42.24%). The number of “likes” was not correlated with adherence of the image to AAP guidelines. Conclusions: Although individuals who use Instagram and post pictures of sleeping infants or infant sleep environments may not actually use these practices regularly, the consistent portrayal of images inconsistent with AAP guidelines reinforces that these practices are normative and may influence the practice of young parents.
Stimulation of Lymphocyte Guanylate Cyclase by Arachidonic Acid and HETEs

Mitogen activation of human peripheral blood lymphocytes (HPBL) occurs as a consequence of several early membrane events. One of the earliest is the Ca2+ -dependent stimulation of guanylate cyclase (Coffey et al., 1981). Experiments with the T-cell mitogens phytohemagglutinin (PHA), concanavalin A (Con A), and phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) suggested that phospholipase and lipoxygenase activation are important in the sequence of early membrane events leading to guanylate cyclase stimulation, cGMP accumulation, and DNA synthesis (Coffey and Hadden,1981, 1983a,b). Cyclooxygenase (Coffey et al., 1981) and thromboxane synthetase activities (Gordon et al., 1981) were not found to be essential for mitogenesis.
Arginase-1 Expression in Human Peripheral Blood is Associated With an Impaired Ability to Support Lymphocyte Proliferation Following Ischemic Brain Injury

Ischemic brain injury produces an immediate inflammatory response followed by systemic immune suppression. This immunosuppressed state, characterized by lymphopenia and impaired macrophage function, facilitates further tissue damage and is associated with impaired recovery. The primary factors modulating post-ischemic immune suppression have yet to be realized. Arginase-1 (ARG1) is an immunomodulatory ureohydrolase with immunosuppressive properties. Data produced by our laboratory have shown that ARG1 is strongly induced in peripheral blood following ischemic stroke in humans. Thus, we tested the hypothesis that ARG1 plays a critical role in propagating the immunosuppressed state following ischemic neurological insult. To address this hypothesis, total RNA and serum was extracted from peripheral blood samples obtained from 9 male human subjects within 24 hours of transient ischemic attack or ischemic stroke. qRT-PCR was performed to quantify peripheral blood ARG1 expression levels, and a CSFE-based prolif...
A view of the intersection of art and technology

Part of a symposium on how digital technologies affect the practices of art and art history. The writer discusses the interaction between art and the electronic media and sets out how she sees the future of teaching with multimedia. She predicts that students will be using multimedia for their projects and that teachers of art will be designing and writing multimedia presentations. She argues that how art teachers interact now with these media will shape and determine their value and role in the future.