cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Teaching evolution: Narratives with a view from three southern biology teachers in the USA

This case study explored sociocultural forces that influenced three 10th grade public high school biology teachers' instructional goals, instructional acts, and identity narratives related to the teaching of evolution. Primary data included field observations of classroom instruction and teacher interviews. Secondary data included informal conversations with students, interviews with department chairs, and interviews with a Southern minister. Data were coded and analyzed resulting in categories and themes which provided insights into the sociocultural influences that gave shape to the teaching of evolution for three teachers in this southeastern state. Findings included: (a) changes in teaching identities as the teachers sought legitimacy for teaching evolution through dependency on the textbook as the authoritative knowledge, (b) socioculturally embedded lived experiences and the perceived teaching identity of each teacher that created idiosyncratic positionings related to decisions about teaching evolution, and (c) the complicatory influence of the state standards, the graduation exit examination, and teacher autonomy on teachers' decisions related to the teaching of evolution. This study revealed practical relationships between what actual practices occur when teachers include or exclude evolution within the curriculum and the liabilities and benefits of teacher autonomy related to controversial topics such as evolutionary theory. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 46: 762–790, 2009
Commodification, culture and tourism

This article revisits the question of tourism’s role in the commodification of culture. I argue that an acceptance of a cause and effect relationship between tourism and cultural commodification requires an acceptance of a problematic notion of ‘authenticity’. This is because the belief that tourism causes cultural commodification is based on a largely unexamined reliance on Marx’s labor theory of value, source of what Barbara Herrnstein Smith has referred to as a ‘double discourse of value’, in which an intrinsic and sacred cultural sphere of value is presumed to circulate independent of an unstable and profane economic sphere of value. Given the social fact that everything, including ‘culture’, is a potential commodity, it would be useful for research to focus on how individuals and groups in host societies gain access to new forms of exchange rather than simply on the fact of commodification.
Au-Fe3O4 Dumbbell Nanoparticles as Dual-Functional Probes

Synthesis of dumbbell-shaped nanoparticles containing different functionalities has attracted much attention recently.[1] In such a dumbbell structure, one nanoparticle is linked to another, and electronic communication across the junction can drastically change the local electronic structure, leading to an additional dimension of control in catalytic, magnetic, and optical properties.[2] Moreover, the dumbbell structure offers two functional surfaces for the attachment of different kinds of molecules, making such species especially attractive as multifunctional probes for diagnostic and therapeutic applications.[3] Au-Fe3O4 nanoparticles represent one such multifunctional system. They contain both Au and Fe3O4 nanoparticles, which are known to be biocompatible and have been used extensively for optical and magnetic applications in biomedicine.[4] Compared with conventional single-component Au or Fe3O4 nanoparticles, the dumbbell-like Au-Fe3O4 systems have distinct advantages: 1) The structure contains both a magnetic (Fe3O4) and an optically active plasmonic (Au) unit and is suitable for simultaneous optical and magnetic detection. 2) The presence of Fe3O4 and Au surfaces facilitates the attachment of different chemical functionalities for target-specific imaging and delivery applications. 3) The size of either of the two nanoparticles can be controlled to optimize magnetic and optical properties, and the small particle is only capable of accommodating a few DNA strands, proteins, antibodies, or therapeutic molecules, thus facilitating kinetic studies in cell targeting and drug release. Herein, we report that dumbbell Au-Fe3O4 nanoparticles can be made biocompatible and used as magnetic and optical probes for cell imaging applications.
A Method to Improve Activation of Implanted Dopants in SiC

Implantation of dopant ions in SiC has evolved according to the assumption that the best electrical results (i.e., carrier concentrations and mobility) is achieved by using the highest possible processing temperature. This includes implantation at > 600 C followed by furnace annealing at temperatures as high as 1,750 C. Despite such aggressive and extreme processing, implantation suffers because of poor dopant activation, typically ranging between < 2%--50% with p-type dopants represented in the lower portion of this range and n-types in the upper. Additionally, high-temperature processing can led to several problems including changes in the stoichiometry and topography of the surface, as well as degradation of the electrical properties of devices. A novel approach for increasing activation of implanted dopants in SiC and lowering the activation temperature will be discussed. This approach utilizes the manipulation of the ion-induced damage to enhance activation of implanted dopants. It will be shown that nearly amorphous layers containing a small amount of residual crystallinity can be recrystallized at temperatures below 900 C with little residual damage. It will be shown that recrystallization traps a high fraction of the implanted dopant residing within the amorphous phase (prior to annealing) onto substitutional sites within the SiC lattice.
Efficacy of perindopril in the treatment of systemic hypertension

The angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, perindopril erbumine, has been approved for use in the United States only recently but has been studied extensively worldwide over the last decade. Placebo-controlled trials in a wide range of patients with hypertension, including the elderly, those with isolated systolic hypertension, and those with concomitant diseases such as hyperlipidemia, diabetes, cardiac arrhythmia, peripheral arterial occlusive disease, nephropathy with proteinuria, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, have shown that perindopril is highly effective in lowering both systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP). Studies in which BP has been monitored for 24-hour intervals show that perindopril (1) has a gradual onset of action, (2) provides smooth BP control over its once-daily dosing interval, (3) has a trough-peak ratio of about 1, and (4) maintains its antihypertensive efficacy despite missed doses. Perindopril increases arterial compliance and reverses left ventricular hypertrophy in hypertensive patients. Both of these effects are at least partly independent of its ability to lower BP. Perindopril is safe and well tolerated in patients with hypertension. Rates of adverse events and discontinuation because of such events are low.
Acquisition of an imitative response in rats

Following behavior in rats was tested in an open-field apparatus with four choice-point alternatives. Rats learned to follow leader animals when access to water was contingent on following.
MANAGEMENT TURNOVER: EXPERIENTIAL DIFFERENCES BETWEEN FORMER AND CURRENT MANAGERS

Potential experiential determinants of managerial turnover were investigated based on questionnaire responses from 140 former managers and 143 current managers within the same organization. To assess these experiences, measures were developed from four different areas of literature that consider the turnover phenomenon. Results indicate that, compared to current managers, former managers describe their managerial experiences in terms of (1) less satisfying job characteristics, (2) greater degrees of adjustment and socialization difficulties, (3) more unmet job expectations, and (4) greater degrees of job stress. Furthermore, it was discovered that all four areas of literature actually give very similar advice on reducing turnover, but each area differs in terms of intended applications and time perspective. Recommendations are provided for reducing management turnover.
Enzymatic ligation for synthesis of single-chain analogue of monellin by transglutaminase.

Monellin, a sweet protein, consists of two noncovalently associated polypeptide chains: an A chain of 44 amino acid residues and a B chain of 50 residues. Microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) was used for ligation of the monellin subunits without any protecting groups, and without activation of the Cα-carboxyl group at the C-terminus. Since a peptide fragment LLQG is a good substrate for MTGase to form an amide bond between the γ-amide group of the Gln residue and the e-amino group of Lys, a monellin B chain analogue in which LLQG was elongated at the C-terminus (B-LLQG) was synthesized by solid-phase synthesis. The monellin A chain analogue in which KGK was elongated at the N-terminus (KGK-A) was synthesized by the same method as that of the B chain analogue. The KGK-A chain and the B-LLQG chain were coupled by MTGase to give single-chain analogue of monellin. The single-chain analogue of monellin was characterized by analytical reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography, electrospray ionization, and amino acid analyses. All analyses gave satisfactory results. The single-chain analogue of monellin was more heat stable than natural monellin. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biopoly 50: 193–200, 1999
Adaptive fault recovery for networked reconfigurable systems

The device-level size and complexity of reconfigurable architectures makes fault tolerance an important concern in system design. In this paper, we introduce a fully automated fault recovery system for networked systems, which contain FPGAs (field programmable gate arrays). If a fault is detected hat cannot be addressed locally, fault information is transferred to a reconfiguration server. Following design recompilation to avoid the fault, a new FPGA configuration is returned to the remote system and computation is reinitiated. To illustrate the benefit of this approach, we have implemented a complete fault recovery system, which requires no manual intervention. An important part of the system is a timing-driven incremental router for Xilinx Virtex devices. This router is directly interfaced to Xilinx JBits and uses no CAD tools from the standard Xilinx Alliance tool flow. Our completed system has been applied to three benchmark designs and exhibits complete fault recovery in up to 12x less time than the standard incremental Xilinx PAR flow.
HYDRAULIC STUDIES ON THE ORIGIN OF BEDDING

A series of quasi-quantitative experiments on delta building were carried out in a laboratory flume for the purpose of studying the mechanics of deposition of topsets, foresets, and bottomsets. The genesis of these sets can be rationally explained through the discipline of sediment transport mechanics by taking cognizance of (a) the hydraulic phenomena of gradually varied and rapidly varied flow, (6) the concept of aggradation to a profile of equilibrium. The geometry of a delta front is controlled by the dynamics of the environment of deposition, and the frontal profile can be inter- preted as a function of the micro-mechanics of particle movement in the transition zone where the stream enters the basin of deposition.
World radiation therapy dosimetry network.

The ultimate responsibility for the standardization of radiation exposures and doses within a country lies with the country's national standardizing laboratory, provided that the country has such a laboratory. In the late 1960's, only 17 countries had primary national standards laboratories, whereas more than 100 countries did not. Therefore, the International Atomic Energy Agency undertook a program of developing a network of secondary standards dosimetry laboratories (SSDL) and was later joined in the project by the World Health Organization. By 1982, the network consisted of SSDL's in 35 countries. The United States has three secondary or regional dosimetry laboratories for instrument calibration traceable to the U.S. National Bureau of Standards. Studies of radiation responses of biological systems, including normal and tumor tissue, provide information on the accuracy of dose measurements required for assessment of these responses.
Roles of p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase, NF-κB, and Protein Kinase C in Proinflammatory Cytokine mRNA Expression by Human Peripheral Blood Leukocytes, Monocytes, and Neutrophils in Response to Anaplasma phagocytophila

Anaplasma phagocytophila, an obligately intracellular bacterium of granulocytes, causes human granulocytic ehrlichiosis. Within 2 h after addition of A. phagocytophila, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and IL-6 mRNAs are induced in human peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) or monocytes in vitro. However, neutrophils generate only IL-1β mRNA. In the present study, signaling pathways for induction of these three cytokines were examined. TNF-α and IL-6 mRNA expression by PBLs was inhibited with SB 203580 (a p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase [MAPK] inhibitor), MG-132 (a proteasome inhibitor), and SN-50 (an NF-κB inhibitor). Activation of p38 MAPK and NF-κB mRNAs in monocytes was detectable within 15 to 30 min after addition of A. phagocytophila. Expression of these two cytokine mRNAs in PBLs and monocytes was also dependent on protein kinase C (PKC), protein kinase A (PKA), and protein tyrosine kinase (PTK). IL-1β mRNA expression by neutrophils was not dependent on p38 MAPK, and p38 MAPK was not activated in neutrophils incubated with A. phagocytophila. IL-1β mRNA induction by PBLs, monocytes, and neutrophils was dependent on PKC and PKA. Neutrophil expression of IL-1β mRNA was dependent on transglutaminase, phospholipase C, and PTK, all of which are also required for internalization of A. phagocytophila. However, monocyte expression of IL-1β mRNA was less dependent on these enzymes. These results suggest that A. phagocytophila transduces different signals between its host neutrophils and monocytes for proinflammatory cytokine generation.
An efficient strategy to isolate full-length cDNAs based on an mRNA cap retention procedure (CAPture)

The ability to generate cDNA libraries is one of the most fundamental procedures in contemporary molecular biology. One of the major drawbacks of current methods is that most cDNAs present in any given library are incomplete, rendering the characterization of genes an inefficient and time-consuming task. We have developed an affinity selection procedure using a fusion protein containing the murine cap-binding protein (eukaryotic initiation factor 4E), coupled to a solid support matrix, that allows for the purification of mRNAs via the 5' cap structure. When combined with a single-strand-specific RNase digestion step, specific retention of complete cDNA-RNA duplexes following first-strand synthesis is achieved. This method can be used to generate cDNA libraries in which polyadenylated and nonpolyadenylated mRNAs are equally represented and to enrich for full-length or 5'-end clones, thus facilitating cDNA cloning and promoter mapping.
Parsimony and likelihood reconstruction of human segmental duplications

Motivation: Segmental duplications > 1 kb in length with ≥ 90% sequence identity between copies comprise nearly 5% of the human genome. They are frequently found in large, contiguous regions known as duplication blocks that can contain mosaic patterns of thousands of segmental duplications. Reconstructing the evolutionary history of these complex genomic regions is a non-trivial, but important task. Results: We introduce parsimony and likelihood techniques to analyze the evolutionary relationships between duplication blocks. Both techniques rely on a generic model of duplication in which long, contiguous substrings are copied and reinserted over large physical distances, allowing for a duplication block to be constructed by aggregating substrings of other blocks. For the likelihood method, we give an efficient dynamic programming algorithm to compute the weighted ensemble of all duplication scenarios that account for the construction of a duplication block. Using this ensemble, we derive the probabilities of various duplication scenarios. We formalize the task of reconstructing the evolutionary history of segmental duplications as an optimization problem on the space of directed acyclic graphs. We use a simulated annealing heuristic to solve the problem for a set of segmental duplications in the human genome in both parsimony and likelihood settings. Availability: Supplementary information is available at http://www.cs.brown.edu/people/braphael/supplements/. Contact: ude.nworb.sc@nhaklc; ude.nworb.sc@leahparb.
The Hispanic vote in the 2004 Presidential election: Insecurity and moral concerns

This paper examines Hispanic voting behavior in the 2004 Presidential election. Our research makes a significant contribution to the literature on Hispanic politics, as this is the first study to apply theories of issue and economic voting to a nationwide sample of Hispanic voters. We demonstrate that, similar to Anglos, issues and ideology were highly influential in the vote choice of Hispanics in the 2004 election. However, using the best available data on Hispanic voting behavior for this election, a statewide aggregation of the National Election Pool (NEP), we demonstrate that in this election Hispanic voters placed more emphasis on moral values issues and national security than on traditional domestic issues such as the economy and education. This accounted for Republican gains beyond the overall increase in Bush’s vote share from 2000 to 2004. We also show that moral values and national security had roughly equal importance in Bush’s victory.
Model-integrated parallel application synthesis

Parallel computer architectures based on such processors as the Texas Instruments TMS320C40, or the Analog Devices ADSP21060, are characterized by high performance and I/O bandwidth, flexible topology and low cost making them ideal for embedded parallel signal processing and instrumentation applications. However, the software of such systems is difficult to manage by conventional software engineering methods because of the complexity of the large-scale parallel application and the flexibility of the hardware topology. This paper discusses the adoption of a model-integrated programming environment, the Multigraph Architecture (MGA), to this domain. By using the MGA, the parallel application is automatically synthesized from high-level system models and assigned to the available network of processors.
FEASIBILITY AND SAFETY OF CONTRAST‐ENHANCED ULTRASOUND IN THE DISTAL LIMB OF SIX HORSES

Vascular alterations play important roles in many orthopedic diseases such as osteoarthritis, tendonitis, and synovitis in both human and equine athletes. Understanding these alterations could enhance diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) could be a valuable method for evaluation of blood flow and perfusion of these processes in the equine distal limb, however no reports were found describing feasibility or safety of the technique. The goal of this prospective, experimental study was to describe the feasibility and safety of distal limb CEUS in a sample of six horses. For each horse, CEUS of the distal limb was performed after intravenous injections of 5 and 10 ml, as well as intra-arterial injections of 0.5 and 1 ml contrast medium. Vital parameters were monitored and CEUS images were assessed qualitatively and quantitatively for degree of contrast enhancement. None of the horses had clinically significant changes in their vital parameters after contrast medium injection. One horse had a transient increase in respiratory rate, and several horses had mild increases of systolic blood pressure of short duration after intravenous, but not after intra-arterial injections. Intra-arterial injection was possible in all horses and resulted in significantly improved contrast enhancement both quantitatively (P = 0.027) and qualitatively (P = 0.019). Findings from this study indicated that CEUS is a feasible and safe diagnostic test for evaluation of the equine distal limb. Future studies are needed to assess the clinical utility of this test for horses with musculoskeletal diseases.
Clearance receptor and neutral endopeptidase-mediated metabolism of atrial natriuretic factor

A novel small linear C-atrial natriuretic factor receptor ligand [C-ANF-(11-15)] and phosphoramidon (PHO) were used to determine the effects of C-ANF receptor blockade alone, or in combination with inhibition of neutral endopeptidase (NEP), on the pharmacokinetics and metabolism of ANF in the rat. C-ANF-(11-15) infusion decreased apparent volume of distribution (Vss) and metabolic clearance rate (MCR) of administered 125I-ANF-(1-28) to one-third of their control values, whereas PHO alone was without effect on these parameters. In combination with C-ANF-(11-15), however, PHO further decreased MCR of 125I-ANF-(1-28) and increased plasma half time by more than threefold. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis revealed that C-ANF-(11-15) inhibited the delayed appearance of free 125I and [125I]monoiodotyrosine but had no effect on the small proportion of NEP metabolites in plasma. The combination of C-ANF-(11-15) and PHO further delayed the appearance of small metabolites, abolished the appearance of NEP metabolites, and markedly prolonged the permanence of intact 125I-ANF-(1-28) in plasma. The results demonstrate that C-ANF receptor blockade by C-ANF-(11-15) impairs clearance and metabolism of ANF, an effect which is synergistically potentiated by concomitant inhibition of NEP. C-ANF-(11-15) alone or in combination with NEP inhibitors may be a potentially useful therapeutic tool in the treatment of cardiovascular and renal diseases.
Proton hole states in Y 95 and Nb 9 5 , 9 7 , 9 9

The proton hole states of $^{95}\mathrm{Y}$ and $^{95,97,99}\mathrm{Nb}$ have been studied by the ($\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{t}, \ensuremath{\alpha}$) reaction using a polarized beam of 17 MeV tritons on targets of $^{96}\mathrm{Zr}$ and $^{96,98,100}\mathrm{Mo}$. The results yield a number of new levels as well as numerous new spin assignments based on the large analyzing powers characteristic of the ($\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{t}}, \ensuremath{\alpha}$) reaction. Examination of the systematics of the resulting level schemes indicates a tendency towards deformation with increasing neutron number, which is expected given the known deformed region above $A=100$. However, $^{97}\mathrm{Nb}$ is also clearly affected by the $N=56$ subshell closure. This subshell closure has a major effect on the level structure of $^{96}\mathrm{Zr}$ but is completely washed out in $^{98}\mathrm{Mo}$.NUCLEAR REACTIONS $^{96}\mathrm{Zr}$, $^{96,98,100}\mathrm{Mo}(\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{t}}, \ensuremath{\alpha})$, $E=17$ MeV; measured $\ensuremath{\sigma}(\ensuremath{\theta})$, ${A}_{y}(\ensuremath{\theta})$; deduced ${J}^{\ensuremath{\pi}}$ DWBA analysis.
Computation of deuterium isotope perturbation of 13C NMR chemical shifts of alkanes: a local mode zero-point level approach.

Replacement of H by D perturbs the 13 C NMR chemical shifts of an alkane molecule. This effect is largest for the carbon to which the D is attached, diminishing rapidly with intervening bonds. The effect is sensitive to stereochemistry and is large enough to be measured reliably. A simple model based on the ground (zero point) vibrational level and treating only the C-H(D) degrees of freedom (local mode approach) is presented. The change in CH bond length with H/D substitution as well as the reduction in the range of the zero-point level probability distribution for the stretch and both bend degrees of freedom are computed. The 13 C NMR chemical shifts are computed with variation in these three degrees of freedom, and the results are averaged with respect to the H and D distribution functions. The resulting differences in the zero-point averaged chemical shifts are compared with experimental values of the H/D shifts for a series of cycloalkanes, norbornane, adamantane, and protoadamantane. Agreement is generally very good. The remaining differences are discussed. The proton spectrum of cyclohexane- is revisited and updated with improved agreement with experiment.
Ultrasensitive Microarray Detection of Short RNA Sequences with Enzymatically Modified Nanoparticles and Surface Plasmon Resonance Imaging Measurements

A novel multiplexed method for short RNA detection that employs an enzymatic capture reaction onto DNA-modified silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) followed by nanoparticle-enhanced surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRI) is demonstrated. SiNPs functionalized with 5′-phosphorylated single stranded DNA (ssDNA) are used with T4 RNA ligase to capture various short 20–24 base single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) oligonucleotides from a target solution. The ssRNA-modified SiNPs are collected from the target solution, specifically adsorbed onto a cDNA microarray and then detected with SPRI. The use of DNA-modified SiNPs to capture ssRNA for profiling has several advantages as compared to a planar SPRI surface bioaffinity adsorption format: (i) the target solution is exposed to a larger total surface area for the RNA ligation reaction; (ii) the SiNPs enhance the diffusion rate of the ssRNA to the surface; (iii) the SiNPs can be collected, washed, and preconcentrated prior to detection; and (iv) the ssRNA-modified SiNPs give an...
Imported fire ants: 10-5, an alternate formulation of mirex bait.

The formulation of mirex bait was modified so the soybean oil was applied to the corncob grits at 2 times; mirex was included in only the 2nd application. The bait (called 10–5) contained only ⅓ (0.1%) as much toxicant as the standard 4× bait (0.3%). The procedure concentrated the toxicant on or near the surface of the grits, which made the mirex more available to Solenopsis invicta Buren and S. richteri Forel. In 3 field tests against natural infestations of S. invicta with 10–5, the control obtained was comparable to that obtained with the standard.
Surgical Treatment of Coronary Artery Disease

Implantation of the internal mammary or gastroepiploic artery into the myocardium, with or without endarterectomy, is believed to be the current procedure of choice when surgical treatment is indicated in angina pectoris. Experience with 41 operations for coronary artery disease (CAD) performed over a nine year period is reviewed.
Testing some truisms about poverty in Oklahoma

*Originally printed in Free Inquiry in Creative Sociology 2010 38(2). Four truisms about poverty are often heard in Oklahoma: Dependency causes poverty, education solves poverty, discrimination is no longer a problem, and a rising economic tide floats all boats. This paper uses publicly available sources -such as the U.S. Census- to test these truisms in Oklahoma. From 1999 and 2006 it was found that poverty increased in the face of decreased public assistance, that poverty increased in the face of increased education levels, that higher rates of poverty level wages were paid to minorities and women than to white men, that poverty level wages were a part of the labor market and that poverty rises and falls as the proportion of jobs that pay poverty level wages rises and falls, and that real wages fell as per capita gross domestic product rose. After a close examination of various industrial sectors and of recent cross national studies, it was concluded that a rising floor under the labor market is more effective at reducing poverty than a rising general tide of economic growth.
Analysis on chromosome aberration and micronucleus rate of peripheral blood lymphocytes among radiation workers in Cangzhou City

[Objective]To explore the effect of occupational chronic low-dose radiation on human health,provide the scientific basis for protecting the health of radiation workers in Cangzhou City.[Methods]The conventional culture method of peripheral blood lymphocytes was applied. The chromosome aberration and micronucleus rate were statistically analyzed by chi-square test. [Results] The rates of chromosome aberration and micronucleus in radiation workers were significantly higher than those in the control group( P 0. 01). The micronucleus rate increased with increasing exposure years,and a significant difference was found( P 0. 01). [Conclusion]The long-term low-dose ionizing radiation has the damage effect on health of radiation workers. Therefore,it is urgent to carry out the training of knowledge about radiation protection,improve the working environment,and supply the protective measures to workers.
Illicit Love: Interracial Sex and Marriage in the United States and Australia. Borderlands and Transcultural Studies Series. By Ann McGrath.

Illicit Love: Interracial Sex and Marriage in the United States and Australia. Borderlands and Transcultural Studies Series. By Ann McGrath. (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2015. xxxiv + 504 pp. Illustrations, maps, notes, bibliography, index. $45.00, CAN$58.50, £31.99.) In the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, settler states in America and Australia attempted to police the boundaries of love. Illicit affairs, however, exposed their inability to impose fully a colonial social order. And as Ann McGrath demonstrates in her book Illicit Love , they also shaped the very concept of nation and self in these places. McGrath’s transnational study exposes the limits of intermarriage law among diverse populations: Americans, citizens of the Cherokee Nation, and the many inhabitants of Yarrabah, Queensland, Australia. … jjbuss{at}salisbury.edu
Mobilizing Games, Disrupting Culture: Digital Gaming in South Korea

The South Korean mobile gaming market has grown rapidly in the past few years, adding to Korea’s already vibrant digital gaming ecosystem. Amidst these changes, however, some important elements of Korean digital gaming culture have persisted. Rather than replacing other digital gaming platforms, mobile games complement Korea’s rich history of PC-based online gaming. By looking to the recent past of PC-based online gaming, we can better understand the social and cultural impact that mobile games are having in contemporary Korea. This chapter explores the importance of place, time, and activity for a normative model of Korean digital gaming sociality, the implications that this has had for gamers whose behaviors mark them as non-normative, and how discourses around digital games and sociality inflect current evaluations of mobile gaming. Although mobile games afford different ways of coordinating place and time with respect to gaming, these factors remain salient not only for gaming experience, but also for evaluations of normative gaming sociality, just as they have been for PC-based gaming. Such evaluations can sometimes have serious consequences for gamers whose behaviors are identified as non-normative, including their enrollment in institutionalized disciplining strategies and techniques designed to “calibrate” them with normative gaming sociality.
Application of validated instruments to assess university-wide interprofessional service-learning experiences

Abstract Background and purpose Accreditation requirements are now mandating more interprofessional experiences for health sciences students. This mixed-methods study utilized the Team Skills Scale (TSS), the Student Perceptions of Interprofessional Clinical Education-Revised (SPICE-R) instrument, and reflection questions to assess university-wide interprofessional service-learning experiences. Method Survey data from the TSS and SPICE-R were compiled from 16 interprofessional education (IPE) service-learning activities involving 666 students from spring 2012-spring 2015. Multiple regression analysis applying generalized estimating equations (GEEs) was performed to assess for relationships between pre and post score change and IPE variables including year in curriculum, type of IPE event (one-time versus longitudinal), and prior IPE experience. Reflection data were also captured and analyzed for themes. Results Significant improvements in scores after the IPE activities were detected for both instruments used. Significant improvements were observed at all curriculum stages only with the TSS and not the SPICE-R. Scores were greater and improved more for a longitudinal IPE course versus a one-time event with the SPICE-R, but not the TSS. Both instruments showed similar patterns of improvements regardless of prior IPE experience. Reflection data aligned well with the Core Competencies for Interprofessional Collaborative Practice. Conclusion These results suggest utility for both the TSS and SPICE-R in conjunction with reflection questions, mirroring the 2015 Institute of Medicine (IOM) guidance (Institute of Medicine of the National Academies). The SPICE-R may be more appropriate for longitudinal IPE experiences while the TSS may have broader applicability. These results provide insight for institutions strategizing for IPE assessment to meet accreditation standards.
The Kinnock Reforms: Preparing for Enlargement, Changing Culture?

While the main focus of this research is the enlargement process and its impact on the Commission’s administrative culture, one cannot study enlargement without an understanding of the political and managerial environment within which it took place. Those entering from the new member states were not arriving into a static organization, since at the same time as accession the Commission was in the process of implementing a significant administrative reform. This chapter approaches the so-called Kinnock reforms from several perspectives. First, enlargement shaped the direction of reform. Although the main impetus for reform was the need to rebuild the legitimacy of the Commission after scandal, the challenge of the impending arrival of thousands of new staff is reflected in the nature of the reforms. Second, the reforms both helped and hurt the process of adjustment and sense of acceptance of the newcomers. And, third, the reforms had the specific goal of changing the management culture of the Commission. While responding to enlargement was not designed with a similar goal in mind, in order to assess whether the newcomers did, in fact, change the culture, we need to examine the changes (positive and negative) that can be attributed to the reform process.
Effect of surface tension on the adhesion between a rigid flat punch and a semi-infinite neo-Hookean half-space

Abstract We study the effect of surface stress on the retraction of a rigid flat circular punch adhering to an incompressible neo-Hookean half space using a large deformation finite element model (FEM). The effect of surface stress is determined by the dimensionless elasto-capillary number, ω = σ / ( E a ) , where σ is the isotropic solid–air interface surface stress which we shall called surface tension, E is the small strain Young’s modulus and a is the radius of punch. Adhesion of the punch to the half space is characterized by work of adhesion W a d . Within the range of retraction displacement of this work (less or equal to the punch radius), the stiffness of the system is insensitive to retraction displacement and depends only on the elasto-capillary number. In general, surface tension increases the slope of load–displacement curve or the stiffness of the system. For a given work of adhesion, the pull-off force (displacement) increases (decreases) with surface tension. Our results show that the apparent contact angle is not 90 degrees, as predicted by linear elastic theory, but varies from 20 to 180 degrees and is very sensitive to ω when it is near zero. This result can be potentially used to measure solid surface tension.
Clinically relevant investigation of flattening filter-free skin dose

As flattening filter-free (FFF) photon beams become readily available for treat-ment delivery in techniques such as SBRT, thorough investigation of skin dose from FFF photon beams is necessary under clinically relevant conditions. Using a parallel-plate PTW Markus chamber placed in a custom water-equivalent phantom, surface-dose measurements were taken at 2 × 2, 3 × 3, 4 × 4, 6 × 6, 8 × 8, 10 × 10, 20 × 20, and 30 × 30 cm2 field sizes, at 80, 90, and 100 cm source-to-surface distances (SSDs), and with fields defined by jaws and multileaf collimator (MLC) using multiple beam energies (6X, 6XFFF, 10X, and 10XFFF). The same set of measurements was repeated with the chamber at a reference depth of 10cm. Each surface measurement was normalized by its corresponding reference depth measurement for analysis. The FFF surface doses at 100 cm SSD were higher than flattened surface doses by 45% at 2 × 2 cm2 to 13% at 20 × 20 cm2 for 6MV energy. These surface dose differences varied to a greater degree as energy increased, ranging from +63% at 2 × 2 cm2 to -2% at 20 × 20 cm2 for 10 MV. At small field sizes, higher energy increased FFF surface dose relative to flattened surface dose; while at larger field sizes, relative FFF surface dose was higher for lower energies. At both energies investigated, decreasing SSD caused a decrease in the ratios of FFF-to-flattened surface dose. Variability with SSD of FFF-to-flattened surface dose differences increased with field size and ranged from 0% to 6%. The field size at which FFF and flattened beams gave the same skin dose increased with decreasing beam energy. Surface dose was higher with MLC fields compared to jaw fields under most conditions, with the difference reaching its maximum at a field size between 4 × 4 cm2 and 6 × 6 cm2 for a given energy and SSD. This study conveyed the magnitude of surface dose in a clinically meaning-ful manner by reporting results normalized to 10 cm depth dose instead of depth of dose maximum.
Basic Topology of $$\mathbf{}$$

What follows is a fascinating mathematical construction, due to Georg Cantor , which is extremely useful for extending the horizons of our intuition about the nature of subsets of the real line. Cantor’s name has already appeared in the first chapter in our discussion of uncountable sets. Indeed, Cantor’s proof that \(\mathbf{R}\) is uncountable occupies another spot on the short list of the most significant contributions toward understanding the mathematical infinite. In the words of the mathematician David Hilbert, “No one shall expel us from the paradise that Cantor has created for us.”
Premarital Cohabitation and Marital Dissolution in Postreform China

The author uses cohabitation data from the 2010 Chinese Family Panel Studies to analyze the association of premarital cohabitation with subsequent divorce of first marriage. After balancing selection factors that influence premarital cohabitation through propensity score matching, the author uses Cox proportional hazards models to examine the selection, causation, and diffusion perspectives on the relationship between premarital cohabitation and marital dissolution. The results show that premarital cohabitation is positively associated with divorce for those married in the early-reform period (1980–1994) when cohabitation was uncommon. However, this relationship disappears for those married in the late-reform period (1995–2010) when cohabitation became more prevalent. The findings suggest variation in the link between premarital cohabitation and divorce across different marriage cohorts and provide strong evidence for the diffusion perspective in postreform China. Supplemental sensitivity analyses support the robustness of the conclusion.
Recursion Theoretic Aspects of Graphs and Orders

The sort of question to be considered has the following form. Suppose we are given arecursive graph G, with vertex set V and edge set E. By “recursive” we mean (very roughly, but good enough for almost all purposes) that there is an effective algorithm which will allow us to compute in finitely many steps whether or not a givenx is in V, and also for given x,y to determine whether or not there is an edge in E joining them. For example, if G is finite, then it is recursive (but this case really is of no interest). It is usually quite safe to assume that V is just the set ω of natural numbers, or, perhaps, a recursive subset of ω. Next suppose that G is n-colorable, by which is meant that there is a function ϕ:V→ 0,1,2,…,n-l such that if x,y ∈V are adjacent, then ϕ (x) ≠ ϕ (y). Now the question: is G recursively n-colorable? I.e., is there a recursive n-coloring ϕ ofG? If not, is there some k for which there is a recursive k-coloring ofG? More generally, what conditions can be imposed on a recursive n-colorable graph which will guarantee that it is recursively k-colorable?
Synthesis and structure of palladium(II) complexes supported by bis-NHC pincer ligands for the electrochemical activation of CO2.

Abstract A series of bis-NHC pincer complexes of palladium(II) have been prepared and characterized. These pyridyl-spaced dicarbene complexes ([(PDCR)Pd(MeCN)](PF6)2) were synthesized with substituents of varying steric bulk at the wingtip positions, which include R = methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, cyclohexyl, mesityl and 2,6-diisopropylphenyl. The synthesis of this library of complexes was accomplished either by direct metallation of the prerequisite pyridyl-spaced bis-imidazolium proligands with Pd(OAc)2 or via treatment with Ag2O to afford the corresponding silver carbenes, which were then transmetallated onto palladium. Solid-state structures for each of the [(PDCR)Pd(MeCN)](PF6)2 derivatives were obtained via X-ray crystallography and allowed for the steric properties of each PDCR ligand to be evaluated by two methods. These analyses, which included calculation of the percent buried volume (%VBur) and solid angles of the PDCR ligands, served to characterize the steric environment around the palladium center in each of the complexes that was prepared. Finally, voltammetry and controlled potential electrolysis studies were performed to characterize the redox chemistry of the [(PDCR)Pd(MeCN)](PF6)2 derivatives and assess if they could electrocatalyze the reduction of CO2. The influence of the steric properties of the PDCR ligand on the electrochemistry of the resulting complexes [(PDCR)Pd(MeCN)](PF6)2 is also discussed.
Relationship Between Fish Consumption and Disease Activity in Rheumatoid Arthritis.

Objective: To assess whether more frequent fish consumption is associated with lower RA disease activity scores among participants in an RA cohort. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis using baseline data from participants in the Evaluation of Subclinical Cardiovascular Disease and Predictors of Events in RA (ESCAPE-RA) cohort study. Frequency of fish consumption was assessed by a baseline food frequency questionnaire assessing usual diet in the past year. Multivariable, total energy-adjusted linear regression models provided effect estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for frequency of fish consumption (never to <1/month, 1/month to <1/week, 1/week, and ≥2/week) on baseline DAS28-CRP. We also estimated the difference in DAS28-CRP associated with increasing fish consumption by one serving per week. Results: Among 176 participants, median DAS28-CRP was 3.5 (interquartile range 2.9-4.3). In an adjusted linear regression model, subjects consuming fish ≥2 times/week had a significantly lower DAS28-CRP compared with subjects who ate fish never to <1/month (difference -0.49 [95% CI -0.97, -0.02]). For each additional serving of fish per week, DAS28-CRP was significantly reduced by 0.18 (95% CI -0.35, -0.004). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that higher intake of fish may be associated with lower disease activity in RA patients. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Incorporation of Treatment Response, Tumor Grade and Receptor Status Improves Staging Quality in Breast Cancer Patients Treated with Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy.

Improved staging systems that better predict survival for breast cancer patients who receive neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) by accounting for clinical pathological stage plus estrogen receptor (ER) and grade (CPS+EG) and ERBB2 status (Neo-Bioscore) have been proposed. We sought to evaluate the generalizability and performance of these staging systems in a national cohort. The National Cancer Database (2006–2012) was reviewed for patients with breast cancer who received NAC and survived ≥90 days after surgery. Four systems were evaluated: clinical/pathologic American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) 7th edition, CPS+EG, and Neo-Bioscore. Unadjusted Kaplan–Meier analysis and adjusted Cox proportional hazards models quantified overall survival (OS). Systems were compared using area under the curve (AUC) and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI). Overall, 43,320 patients (5-year OS 76.0, 95% confidence interval [CI] 75.4–76.5%) were included, 12,002 of whom had evaluable Neo-Bioscore. AUC at 5 years for CPS+EG (0.720, 95% CI 0.714–0.726) and Neo-Bioscore (0.729, 95% CI 0.716–0.742) were improved relative to AJCC clinical (0.650, 95% CI 0.643–0.656) and pathologic (0.683, 95% CI 0.676–0.689) staging. Both CPS+EG (IDI 7.2, 95% CI 6.6–7.7%) and Neo-Bioscore (IDI 9.8, 95% CI 8.0–11.6%) demonstrated superior discrimination when compared with AJCC clinical staging at 5 years. Comparison of CPS+EG with Neo-Bioscore yielded an IDI of 2.6% (95% CI 0.9–4.5%), indicating that Neo-Bioscore is the best staging system. In a heterogenous national cohort of breast cancer patients treated with NAC and surgery, the incorporation of chemotherapy response, tumor grade, ER status, and ERBB2 status into the staging system substantially improved on the AJCC TNM staging system in discrimination of OS. Neo-Bioscore provided the best staging discrimination.
Social Isolation and Medicare Spending: Among Older Adults, Objective Social Isolation Increases Expenditures while Loneliness Does Not.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of objective isolation and loneliness on Medicare spending and outcomes. Method: We linked Health and Retirement Study data to Medica...
Cover Art: River's Edge: Downward, Outward, Upward

Artist's Statement for the cover art of IJPS volume 4, issue 3: River's Edge: Downward, Outward, Upward, 2015. Mixed Media: photograph, inkjet printed on presentation matte of colored pencil over photograph.
Oral acyclovir within 24 hours of onset of varicella rash reduced maximum number of lesions and time to full crusting in immunocompetent adults

Source Citation Wallace MR, Bowler WA, Murray NB, Brodine SK, Oldfield EC III. Treatment of adult varicella with oral acyclovir. A randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Ann Intern Med. 1992 Sep 1;1...
Governmentality, Technologies, & Truth Effects in Communication Design

This chapter argues that communication design knowledge and artifacts are inherently governmental. As a means of communication that combines aesthetics and function, communication design knowledge is a product and producer of a uniquely pervasive form of governance that has seldom been studied. While several researchers and philosophers have expressed interest in the relationship between power, communication design knowledge and communication design artifacts, the governance inherent in communication design has yet to be seriously investigated. Building on the author’s PhD research, this chapter extends Foucault’s theories of discursive technologies, truth effects, and governmentality to account for how communication design artifacts and practitioners participate in the discourses surrounding them. Embodied discourse is proposed as the mechanism for this participation. From this perspective, all artifacts are seen as enmeshed in discursive entanglements, continually being imbued with regulatory meaning, and in turn, regulating their viewers and users. Finally, a framework for investigating the technologies implicit in communication design is presented, along with a discussion of the regulatory qualities of communication design artifacts, and of specific processes within communication design practice.