cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Transcranial focal electrical stimulation via tripolar concentric ring electrodes does not modify the short- and long-term memory formation in rats evaluated in the novel object recognition test.

Noninvasive transcranial focal electrical stimulation (TFS) via tripolar concentric ring electrodes (TCREs) has been under development as an alternative/complementary therapy for seizure control. Transcranial focal electrical stimulation has shown efficacy in attenuating penicillin-, pilocarpine-, and pentylenetetrazole-induced acute seizures in rat models. This study evaluated the effects of TFS via TCREs on the memory formation of healthy rats as a safety test of TFS. Short- and long-term memory formation was tested after the application of TFS using the novel object recognition (NOR) test. The following independent groups were used: naive, control (without TFS), and TFS (treated). The naive, control, and stimulated groups spent more time investigating the new object than the familiar one during the test phase. Transcranial focal electrical stimulation via TCREs given once does not modify the short- and long-term memory formation in rats in the NOR test. Results provide an important step towards a better understanding for the safe usage of TFS via TCREs.
Noise reduction with a multiscale edge representation and perceptual criteria

The wavelet multiscale edge representation of signals developed by S.G. Mallat and S. Zhong (1991) provides a new tool for signal and image processing. A tree structure was built from wavelet-transform (WT) maxima, and metrics for analyzing the WT maxima tree were developed. These metrics fall into two classes corresponding to two perceptual criteria (scaling and spatial stabilities) for discriminating features from background noise. Identified noisy branches are trimmed off the WT maxima tree. This technique of noise reduction preserves edges well while suppressing noise. The results of processing simulated and medical images with this technique are presented. >
Rat brain GABA and glutamate content in m-fluorotyrosine convulsions.

Abstract The relationship between m-fluorotyrosine convulsions and brain γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate levels was examined in rats. Glutamate and GABA contents in the cerebellum or cerebral cortex were unaffected. Decreases in GABA occurred in the thalamus before convulsion as well as during its course. Hippocampal GABA was elevated throughout the experiment. The GABA content in the nucleus decreased and increased respectively during early and late convulsions. Reductions occurred in hippocampal glutamate during convulsive and postconvulsive periods. Glutamate content in the caudate nucleus was reduced during late convulsive and postconvulsive periods. The data suggest that subcortical alterations in the GABA system are important etiologic factors in m-fluorotyrosine seizures.
The effect of O6-methylguanine DNA adducts on the adenosine nucleotide switch functions of hMSH2-hMSH6 and hMSH2-hMSH3.

The human homologs of prokaryotic mismatch repair have been shown to mediate the toxicity of certain DNA damaging agents; cells deficient in the mismatch repair pathway exhibit resistance to the killing effects of several of these agents. Although previous studies have suggested that the humanMutS homologs, hMSH2-hMSH6, bind to DNA containing a variety of DNA adducts, as well as mispaired nucleotides, a number of studies have suggested that DNA binding does not correlate with repair activity. In contrast, the ability to process adenosine nucleotides by MutS homologs appears to be fundamentally linked to repair activity. In this study, oligonucleotides containing a single well defined O6-methylguanine adduct were used to examine the extent of lesion-provoked DNA binding, single-step ADP → ATP exchange, and steady-state ATPase activity by hMSH2-hMSH3 and hMSH2-hMSH6 heterodimers. Interestingly, O6-methylguanine lesions when paired with either a C or T were found to stimulate ADP → ATP exchange, as well as the ATPase activity of purified hMSH2-hMSH6, whereas there was no significant stimulation of hMSH2-hMSH3. These results suggest that O6-methylguanine uniquely activates the molecular switch functions of hMSH2-hMSH6.
Increasing Amounts of Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) Progressively Reduces Milk Fat Synthesis Immediately Postpartum

Mixed conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers decrease milk fat synthesis during established lactation, but their ability to cause milk fat depression (MFD) immediately postpartum remains unclear. Multiparous Holstein cows (n = 19) were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 doses of rumen-protected (RP) CLA supplements (0, 200, 400, and 600 g/d); each dose provided equal amounts of fatty acids by replacing and balancing treatments with an RP supplement of palm fatty acid distallate. Doses provided a total of 468 g fatty acids/d and 0, 62, 125, or 187 g of mixed CLA isomers/d, respectively. The CLA supplement contained a variety of CLA isomers: 5.4% trans-8, cis-10; 6.3% cis-9, trans-11; 7.9% trans-10, cis-12; and 8.2% cis-11, trans-13 CLA. Each group received treatments from approximately -10 to 21 d relative to calving. To improve palatability and ensure complete consumption, doses were mixed with equal amounts of steam-flaked corn and dried molasses; one-half the supplement was fed at 0600 h, and the remaining supplement was fed at 1800 h. Milk yield and individual feed intake were recorded daily, and milk samples were obtained from each cow every 2nd day (at both milkings) starting on d 1 postpartum. There were no differences in dry matter intake (17.1 kg/d), milk yield (34.2 kg/d), protein content (3.74%), lactose content (4.61%), or yield of milk protein or lactose. The CLA supplementation decreased overall milk fat content in a dose-responsive manner (4.57, 3.97, 3.32, and 3.10, respectively), and milk fat yield displayed the same progressive decline. The dose-dependent decrease in milk fat content was evident during wk 1 and became highly significant during wk 2 and 3. The milk fat yield response pattern was similar, and by d 21, the highest RP-CLA supplement decreased milk fat content and yield by 49 and 56%, respectively. These data clearly indicate RP-CLA can markedly (40 to 50%) induce MFD immediately postpartum without negatively affecting other production parameters.
Large-scale Learning with SVM and Convolutional for Generic Object Categorization

The detection and recognition of generic object categories with invariance to viewpoint, illumination, and clutter requires the combination of a feature extractor and a classifier. We show that architectures such as convolutional networks are good at learning invariant features, but not always optimal for classification, while Support Vector Machines are good at producing decision surfaces from wellbehaved feature vectors, but cannot learn complicated invariances. We present a hybrid system where a convolutional network is trained to detect and recognize generic objects, and a Gaussian-kernel SVM is trained from the features learned by the convolutional network. Results are given on a large generic object recognition task with six categories (human figures, four-legged animals, airplanes, trucks, cars, and "none of the above"), with multiple instances of each object category under various poses, illuminations, and backgrounds. On the test set, which contains different object instances than the training set, an SVM alone yields a 43.3% error rate, a convolutional net alone yields 7.2% and an SVM on top of features produced by the convolutional net yields 5.9%.
Competitive Advantage in Global Production Networks: Air Freight Services and the Electronics Industry in Southeast Asia

Drawing upon Porter's diamond theory of competitive advantage and recent work on global production networks (GPNs), this article examines the causes and consequences of spatially uneven air freight services. Air freight flows have grown rapidly because airborne trade enables firms to reconcile time-based competition and spatially dispersed production. The importance of air freight services in this regard is particularly relevant to electronics manufacturers. Case studies of freight forwarders-the traditional intermediaries between the firms that send and receive goods by air and the airlines that actually move air freight from city to city-in Singapore, Malaysia, and the Philippines are used to demonstrate the manner in which firms and places attain a competitive advantage in the performance of these services and how geographic variation in air freight services, in turn, affects the operations and performance of electronics firms. Finally, the article discusses the importance of these services in mediating the ability of firms and places to move to new positions along the value chains of which they are a part as their former roles become untenable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Translocation of Amyloid Precursor Protein C-terminal Fragment(s) to the Nucleus Precedes Neuronal Death due to Thiamine Deficiency-induced Mild Impairment of Oxidative Metabolism

Thiamine deficiency (TD) is a model of neurodegeneration induced by mild impairment of oxidative metabolism. TD produces time-dependent glial activation, inflammation, oxidative stress, altered metabolism of amyloid precursor protein (APP), exacerbation of plaque formation from APP, and finally, selective neuron death in specific brain regions. The sub-medial thalamic nucleus (SmTN) is the most sensitive region to TD. Alteration in APP metabolism and nuclear translocation of carboxy-terminal fragments (CTF) of APP has been implicated in neuron death in other models of neurodegeneration. These experiments tested whether TD causes translocation of CTF into the nucleus of neurons in the SmTN that are destined to die after 9 days of TD by examining overlapping immunoreactivity (IR) of antibody APP 369 with either Alz90, 6E10 or 4G8 epitopes in the nuclei of the neurons in the SmTN. TD caused the accumulation of the CTF of APP in nuclei of SmTN neurons within 3 days of TD. These changes did not occur in the cortex which is spared in TD. Western blot analysis of nuclear fractions revealed a significant (61%; P < 0.026) increase in CTF 12 levels in TD SmTN (2.08 ± 0.56) compared to control SmTN (1.29 ± 0.41). Although TD increased CTF 15 levels in TD SmTN (1.95 ± 0.73) compared to control SmTN (0.62 ± 0.52) by 214%; P < 0.665 and decreased the full-length holo-APP levels in TD SmTN (0.32 ± 0.30) compared to control SmTN (0.47 ± 0.18) by 34%; P < 0.753, the differences were statistically insignificant. TD did not alter CTF 15 or CTF 12 levels in cortex. These findings demonstrate that changes in APP metabolism occur in early stages of TD, and they may play an important role in TD-induced selective neuronal loss.
Aunts and Mothers: Adaptive Implications of Allomaternal Behavior of Nonhuman Primates

Explanations of the function of behavior directed toward young primates by conspecifc females other than the mother have emphasized variow outcomes beneficial to “aunts, I‘ mothers, infants, or some combination thereof. There is little evidence, however, that allomothering benefits mothers or infants to any signifcant degree; allomothering is selfish behavior with highly variable consequences roughly predzctable on the basis of genealogical ties between participants. Selective consequences of infant kidnapping and aunting-to-death are examined, and a hypothesis is suggested concerning the adaptive significance for mothering of allomothering. [adoption, infant-stealing, behavioral selection]
Confined chemiluminescence detection of nanomolar levels of H2O2 in a paper–plastic disposable microfluidic device using a smartphone

We report the design and characterization of a disposable light shielded paper–plastic microfluidic device that can detect nanomolar levels of H2O2 using a smartphone camera and a light sealed accessory. Chemiluminescence reaction of H2O2 with bis(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)oxalate in the presence of rubrene and imidazole is confined to a paper reaction site where the individual reagents are delivered via plastic microfluidic channels. The net photon emission from the chemiluminescence reactions, detected by using a smartphone, is correlated with H2O2 concentrations. With a total reagent volume of 25 μL, the sensor system was able to detect H2O2 concentrations as low as 250 nM. The smartphone based chemiluminescence sensing system has great potential as a point of care diagnostic tool for monitoring nanomolar levels of H2O2 in biological samples.
Scope as a Leading Indicator for Managing Software Development

Historically there has been a significant problem with scope on software projects. This study looks to computational intelligence to facilitate the monitoring of scope to provide useful information to project managers. Software projects are difficult to manage with an alarming number of projects ending as highly expensive failures. A recent study of complex projects sponsored by the Project Management Institute found that "soft issues" such as "gut feelings" might provide early warning signs on problem projects. That study suggested that additional measures beyond cost and time must be found to identify project problems. Adding scope as an additional constraint to ascertain project status can be done through the use of Computational Intelligence (CI) tools. Scope for information technology projects has properties of imprecision and vagueness, therefore fuzzy logic would be an appropriate CI tool for monitoring scope. Other papers have illustrated how Zadeh's fuzzy data collector could be used to gather scope status as a practical application of the "computing with words" paradigm. A major benefit of monitoring scope is that scope status can be a leading indicator for managing software projects. Traditional project management measures time and cost which are lagging indicators, representing resources that are unrecoverable once spent. If the status of the scope constraint is collected and correctly analyzed before the expenditure of other fixed resources, there is the potential for scope to be a predictor, or leading indicator. One analysis technique would be to adjust the status for tasks on the critical path using linguistic hedges. By adding scope as a leading indicator, a faster recognition and response to problems in software development should increase project success.
The Geography of Opportunity: Race and Housing Choice in Metropolitan America and The Social Medicine Reader: Health Policy, Markets, and Medicine

The Geography of Opportunity: Race and Housing Choice in Metropolitan America. Edited by Xavier de Souza Briggs. Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution, 2005. 353p. $29.95.The Social Medicine Reader: Health Policy, Markets, and Medicine. 2d ed. Edited by Jonathan Oberlander, Larry R. Churchill, Susan E. Estroff, Gail E. Henderson, Nancy M. P. King, and Ronald P. Strauss. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2005. 288p. $22.95.These two books, each in its own way, provide much-needed resources for thinking about how public policies should change to address the latest developments associated with the enduring problem of unequal access to basic resources in U.S. society, including housing and health care. In recent years, unequal access to affordable and decent housing and uneven access to affordable and decent health care both have taken on new features posing new challenges for participants in the public policymaking process. The Geography of Opportunity, edited by Xavier de Souza Briggs, brings together a set of richly detailed essays that look at the housing disparity problem from the increasingly popular perspective of regionalism; and The Social Medicine Reader, edited by Jonathan Oberlander and colleagues, offers an equally informative group of essays that range more widely to address a variety of issues concerning the changed landscape of health care in the United States today. Both books are likely to prove to be critical resources for energizing renewed efforts to make policy less exclusionary in each area.
JPSS-1 VIIRS DNB nonlinearity and its impact on SDR calibration

During JPSS-1 VIIRS testing at Raytheon El Segundo, a larger than expected radiometric response nonlinearity was discovered in Day-Nigh Band (DNB). In addition, the DNB nonlinearity is aggregation mode dependent, where the most severe non-linear behavior are the aggregation modes used at high scan angles (<~50 degree). The DNB aggregation strategy was subsequently modified to remove modes with the most significant non-linearity. We characterized the DNB radiometric response using pre-launch tests with the modified aggregation strategy. The test data show the DNB non-linearity varies at each gain stages, detectors and aggregation modes. The non-linearity is most significant in the Low Gain Stage (LGS) and could vary from sample-to-sample. The non-linearity is also more significant in EV than in calibration view samples. The HGS nonlinearity is difficult to quantify due to the higher uncertainty in determining source radiance. Since the radiometric response non-linearity is most significant at low dn ranges, it presents challenge in DNB cross-stage calibration, an critical path to calibration DNB’s High Gain Stage (HGS) for nighttime imagery. Based on the radiometric characterization, we estimated the DNB on-orbit calibration accuracy and compared the expected DNB calibration accuracy using operational calibration approaches. The analysis showed the non-linearity will result in cross-stage gain ratio bias, and have the most significant impact on HGS. The HGS calibration accuracy can be improved when either SD data or only the more linearly behaved EV pixels are used in cross-stage calibration. Due to constrain in test data, we were not able to achieve a satisfactory accuracy and uniformity for the JPSS-1 DNB nighttime imagery quality. The JPSS-1 DNB nonlinearity is a challenging calibration issue which will likely require special attention after JPSS-1 launch.
Laser-magnetic-resonance detection of magnesium atoms in the metastable 3 P 0,1,2 states

Transitions between fine-structure levels of the metastable (3s3p3P) state of magnesium have been observed by means of the highly sensitive technique of far-infrared laser-magnetic-resonance spectroscopy. The g factors for the 3P1 and 3P2 levels are 1.50111(16) and 1.50102(16), respectively, and the 3P1–3P2 energy separation is 1 220 575.1(33) MHz. The observed g factors show good agreement with the predicted values. This stands in marked contrast to similar results for atomic silicon (3P) and aluminum (2P), for which the theoretical and experimental g factors differ substantially. The value of the 3P1–3P2 energy separation is improved by nearly 2 orders of magnitude over the optical value and is of sufficient accuracy to permit possible extraterrestrial identification.
Counseling Psychology and Strength-Based Counseling A Promise Yet to Fully Materialize

The author provides a reaction to the proposed strength-based counseling model for at-risk youth. The Major Contribution initiates a dialogue about how to define strengths and how to operationalize a strength-based model of counseling. Discussing how this model adapts to adolescents by capitalizing on this developmental stage’s uniqueness would strengthen the model. In addition, research needs to test the model’s efficacy.
Damn the Consequences: Projective Evidence and the Heterogeneity of Scientific Confirmation

I contrast our own evidence for the hypothesis of organic fossil origins with that available in previous centuries, suggesting that the most powerful contemporary evidence consists in a form of projective support whose distinctive features are not well captured by familiar hypothetico-deductive, abductive, or even more recent and more technically sophisticated (e.g., Bayesian) accounts of scientific confirmation. I suggest that such accounts either misrepresent or ignore something important about the heterogeneous ways in which scientific hypotheses can be supported by evidence, and I go on to suggest that the search for any single such account may be misguided in any case.
Effect of Deoxycholic Acid Ingestion on Bile Acid Metabolism and Biliary Lipid Secretion in Normal Subjects

The effect of deoxycholate ingestion, 750 mg per day, on bile acid kinetics, biliary bile acid composition, and biliary lipid secretion was studied in 7 healthy volunteers. Bile acid kinetics were measured by isotope dilution, and hourly outputs of bile acid, cholesterol, and phospholipid were quantitated by a duodenal perfusion technique during a 24-hr period which included three liquid meals and an overnight fast. Biliary bile acid composition was assessed by coupled gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. After deoxycholic acid ingestion, biliary bile acids became composed of predominantly deoxycholyl conjugates, and deoxycholic acid pools increased 4-fold. Both chenodeoxycholic and cholic acid pools decreased, and daily synthesis of each of the primary bile acids was inhibited by 50%. Total bile acid pools did not change in any consistent manner. Daily bile acid secretion increased slightly during deoxycholic acid ingestion, and recycling frequency varied reciprocally with the total bile acid pool both before and during deoxycholic acid treatment. Deoxycholic acid ingestion caused no change in either the daily secretion of cholesterol or lecithin, or the cholesterol saturation of fasting-state bile, which remained unsaturated throughout the study. SGOT levels increased to 4 times the upper limits of normal in 2 of 7 subjects, but these levels promptly returned to normal when deoxycholate feeding was stopped. Serum cholesterol levels decreased in every subject (average 15%) during deoxycholic acid administration. No evidence for a direct role of deoxycholate in the pathogenesis of cholesterol cholelithiasis was obtained in these studies.
Extending the spreadsheet interface to handle approximate quantities and relationships

Conventional spreadsheet programs offer a very convenient user interface for many quantitative tasks, but they are restricted to handling precisely-specified quantities and calculations. ASP is a generalized spreadsheet that extends the basic spreadsheet paradigm to encompass quantities which are not known exactly, and functions which are not known well enough to permit calculation. ASP works by propagating assertions about quantities and functions through the network of relationships that the spreadsheet defines.
Reading the "Outsider Within": Counter-Narratives of Human Rights in Black Women's Fiction

In Pedagogies of Crossing (2005), M. Jacqui Alexander asserts that human rights are not rights at all; in fact, human rights does little to mitigate the violence perpetuated by late capitalism and the legacies of imperialism and colonialism. Alexander’s point of contention brings to bear the fact that the passing of human rights by the United Nations, among other groups, institutes a “dominant knowledge framework” that does nothing to mitigate the violence perpetuated by unequal power structures (2005; 124). My paper focuses on the function of literary counter-narratives as a useful pedagogical strategy for teaching about human rights in the undergraduate classroom. I frame my analysis within the theoretical debates in critical pedagogy and turn to what Stephen Slemon defines as the “primal scene of colonialist management”—the literary studies classroom—in order to examine the ways in which contemporary black women’s writing problematizes the rhetoric of ‘women’s rights as human rights.’ Despite the common belief that white middle-class readers are consuming ‘exotic’ literature when reading immigrant fiction, as noted by scholars Kanishka Chowdhury (1992) and Inderpal Grewal (2005), I maintain that counter-narratives are useful for intervening in the reproduction of a “patriotic education” (Sheth 2013) that undergirds rights-based discourse, in general, and human rights, in particular, as desirable global policies that mitigate the violence of social injustices. Through primary texts Michelle Cliff’s Abeng (1984), Jamaica Kincaid’s Lucy (1990), and Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s Americanah (2013), I argue that these texts perform a counter-“cultural technology” in teaching about human rights in literary studies through the lens of “race radicalism” (Melamed 2011), that is cultural production that interrupts the totalizing effects of neocolonial and imperial discourses so often produced in dominant Western literature. Cliff, Kincaid, and Adichie strategically produce oppositional “outsider” narratives that trouble the hegemonic narrative of ‘women’s rights as human rights,’ which implicitly positions women of color in a subordinate position (Mohanty 1986; Spivak 1986). As black feminist Patricia Hill Collins notes, the “‘outsider within’ status has provided a special standpoint on self, family, and society for Afro-American women.” This standpoint is especially productive for “producing distinctive analyses of race, class, and gender.” I extend Hill Collins’ concept to also include the category of ‘nation.’ Simply put, I argue that the counter-narratives produced by these writers make privy the position of the cultural outsider to American students who have “taken-for-granted assumptions” of human rights discourses as cultural insiders in the U.S. With insight drawn from critical pedagogy, I construct a counter-curriculum that intervenes in a reproduction of global human rights policies constructed through neoliberal ideologies.
(Re) Creating Social Distances: Enacting Shame and Respect as Young Sunnite Men and Women in Contemporary Dakar

This paper will explore ways young adherents of Dakar’s Sunni reform movement devise social distance between genders to cultivate piety, distinguish themselves from other youth, and criticize their parents’ world views. Arguing that in the days of the Prophet, Muslim men and women practiced such separation, Sunnite youth enact “honte” (shame) and “respect” of the opposite sex by not shaking hands or looking directly at one another, lowering their voices, using Arabic greetings, not being alone without a chaperone, refusing to “date,” and instead marrying early. They argue that these physical rituals of separation must be consistently practiced before one begins to truly “feel” shame and respect of the other gender. Similarly, Sunnite women work on being “soumise” (submissive) to male “freres” (brothers) in the movement , by for example, apologizing when speaking too loudly at Sunnite gatherings, or requesting freres’ advice on personal matters. These youths’ enactments of shame, respect and submission are not only efforts to cultivate piety, but they are critiques of their parents’ more secular culture of gender relations, and of a predatory, sexualized and money-oriented “dating scene” in Dakar’s current era of heightened economic uncertainty and diminishing forms of traditional social organization.
NILM Applications for the Energy-Efficient Home

We present a forecast for systems-focused applications of non-intrusive load monitoring (NILM), which meet the needs of homeowners, the technology sector, the service sector, and/or utilities. We discuss both near- and long-term applications.
DNA Elements Mediating Retinoid and Thyroid Hormone Regulation of Alcohol Dehydrogenase Gene Expression

Vertebrate alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) plays a role in many alcohol/aldehyde interconversions including the oxidation of retinol to retinaldehyde, the rate-limiting step in the synthesis of retinoic acid. Recent molecular genetic studies on human ADH genes has lent support to a physiological role for ADH in retinoic acid synthesis. A region in the promoter for the human ADH3 gene was previously shown to function as a retinoic acid response element (RARE), prompting an hypothesis for a positive feedback mechanism for controlling retinoic acid synthesis. The ADH3 RARE contains three direct AGGTCA repeats which constitute the critical nucleotides of RAREs present in other genes. We compared the ADH3 RARE to RAREs present in other genes and determined that a region containing two AGGTCA motifs separated by 5 bp was sufficient for regulating gene expression in tissue culture cells. Our experiments also indicate that ADH3 gene expression is repressed by thyroid hormone receptor in the presence of thyroid hormone. The region of the ADH3 promoter containing the RARE was found to harbor a negative thyroid hormone response element. Regulation of ADH gene expression by retinoid and thyroid hormones suggests that ADH plays an important role in retinoic acid synthesis.
Abstract WMP17: Early DWI Reversal Following Endovascular Reperfusion Is Typically Transient

Background and Purpose: There are conflicting reports regarding the incidence and prognostic significance of DWI reversal following reperfusion therapy. The aim of this study was to assess the frequency and extent of early DWI reversal following endovascular therapy and to determine if early reversal is sustained or transient. Methods: This is a substudy of the DEFUSE 2. MRI with DWI and PWI was performed before (DWI 1) and within 12 hours after (DWI 2) endovascular stroke treatment and again at 5 days. Acute DWI lesions were outlined and quantified using mipav software (http://mipav.cit.nih.gov/). Ischemic lesion volumes were outlined on the Day 5 FLAIR then corrected for edema using a validated technique to determine the final infarct volume. Early DWI reversal was defined as (DWI 1 - DWI 2) >3 ml and permanent DWI reversal was defined (DWI 1 - final infarct volume) > 1 ml. Reperfusion was defined as a >50% reduction in PWI volume (Tmax >6 sec) on the MRI performed after endovascular therapy. The prognostic significance of early reversal was assessed in a regression model. Results: 104 patients had a technically adequate DWI and PWI prior to endovascular therapy (performed 4.4 [3.0-6.0] hours after symptom onset). Of these, 77 had an acute DWI lesion >3 ml and a follow-up MRI (156 min [72-342] after completion of endovascular therapy) and a 5 day MRI. Seventeen percent (13/77) of the patients had early DWI reversal representing a median (IQR) of 42.4% (25.0-57.6) of the initial DWI lesion (median volume 10.9 ml [IQR 7.3-18.2]). The incidence of early DWI reversal was 21% (11/52) following reperfusion vs. 8% (2/25) in patients who did not reperfuse (p=0.20). Of the 13 patients with early DWI reversal, permanent DWI reversal occurred in only 2 (volume of permanent DWI reversal 6.9 ml and 4.7 ml). Early DWI reversal was not an independent predictor of clinical outcome. Conclusion: Early DWI reversal occurs in about 15-20% of patients following endovascular therapy and can involve a substantial percentage of the initial DWI volume. However, early DWI reversal is usually transient and does not appear to signify tissue salvage.
Tendon Differentiation on Decellularized Extracellular Matrix Under Cyclic Loading

Tendon bioreactors combine cells, scaffold, and mechanical stimulation to drive tissue neogenesis ex vivo. Faithful recapitulation of the native tendon microenvironment is essential for stimulating graft maturation or modeling tendon biology. As the mediator between cells and mechanical stimulation, the properties of a scaffold constitute perhaps the most essential elements in a bioreactor system. One method of achieving native scaffold properties is to process tendon allograft in a manner that removes cells without modifying structure and function: "decellularization." This chapter describes (1) production of tendon scaffolds derived from native extracellular matrix, (2) preparation of cell-laden scaffolds prior to bioreactor culture, and (3) tissue processing post-harvest for gene expression analysis. These methods may be applied for a variety of applications including graft production, cell priming prior to transplantation and basic investigations of tendon cell biology.
Experimental determination and analysis of gold nanorod settlement by differential centrifugal sedimentation

Direct measurement of the sedimentation coefficients of gold nanorods with a controlled shape factor was performed using differential centrifugal sedimentation (DCS). The results serve as a testing ground for various existing models describing non-spherical nanoparticles moving in a centrifugal field based on sphericity and force analysis, and point to further refinement.
Study on related technologies for preventative hygienic evaluation of public places for rail transit

Objective To explore related technologies for preventative hygienic evaluation of public places for rail transit.Methods Practical work of preventative hygienic evaluation was summarized and analyzed;References and mature pre-evaluation standards were referred to;Health regulations and standards were studied.Results Types of evaluation were hygienic pre-evaluation of design and hygienic evaluation of project completion;Basis of evaluation included laws and regulations,standards and norms,fundamental basis and other basis;Methods of evaluation were hygiene survey,engineering health analysis,analogy,checklist analysis,inspection and testing method,and risk assessment method;Procedures of evaluation were as follows: completion of project establishment in preparation phase,completion of unit analysis and evaluation in implementation phase,evaluation of the induction unit,drawing of conclusions and completion of report drafting in completion phase;Contents of evaluation included location of station,hygiene of station building,micro-climate and quality of environmental health in public areas,air conditioning and ventilation facilities,noise elimination and shockproof facilities,environmental EMF protection facilities,water supply and drainage facilities,lighting and illumination facilities and quality of health,secondary health facilities,vehicle health,health management and emergency rescue measures.Conclusion In this study,types,basis,methods,procedures and contents of evaluation can meet the technical requirements of preventative hygienic evaluation of public places for rail transit basically.
EFFECT OF EMERGENCY INOCULATION WITH FOUR KINDS OF VACCINE ON SOLDIERS TO AFRICA FOR PEACE-KEEPING

Objective To observe the safety,serological efficacy and immunization effect of four kinds of vaccine on soldiers to Africa for peace-keeping,so as to provide the basis for directing vaccination in an emergency.Methods ELISA was used to detect serum IgG antibodies of 4 kinds of vaccine: hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome(HFRS) vaccine,group A+C meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine,typhoid Vi polysaccharide vaccine,Japanese encephalitis vaccine(live).Results The positive rate of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome vaccine,group A+C meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine,typhoid Vi polysaccharide vaccine,and Japanese encephalitis vaccine(live) on the 30 th day after inoculation(36.56%,94.62%,53.76%,and 59.14% respectively) were higher than those before vaccination(10.75%,52.68%,7.52%,and 22.58%),(P0.01).The antibody positive rate remained at high level within 300 days.Conclusion The serum antibody positive rate of 4 kinds of vaccine in peace-keeping soldiers was significantly increased after inoculation in a short time.
Answering Definition Questions via Temporally-Anchored Text Snippets.

A lightweight extraction method derives text snippets associated to dates from the Web. The snippets are organized dynamically into answers to definition questions. Experiments on standard test question sets show that temporally-anchored text snippets allow for efficiently answering definition questions at accuracy levels comparable to the best systems, without any need for complex lexical resources, or specialized processing modules dedicated to finding definitions.
The Role of Learning in Social Development: Illustrations from Neglected Children.

Children who experience early caregiving neglect are very likely to have problems developing and maintaining relationships and regulating their social behavior. One of the earliest manifestations of this problem is reflected in indiscriminate behavior, a phenomenon where young children do not show normative wariness of strangers or use familiar adults as sources of security. To better understand the developmental mechanisms underlying the emergence of these problems, this study examined whether institutionally reared children, who experienced early social neglect, had difficulty associating motivational significance to visual stimuli. Pairing stimuli with motivational significance is presumably one of the associative learning processes involved in establishing discriminate or selective relationships with others. We found that early experiences of neglectful caregiving were associated with difficulties in acquiring such associations, and that delays in this developmental skill were related to children's social difficulties. These data suggest a way in which early social learning experiences may impact the development of processes underlying emotional development.
The arrhythmia that converted spontaneously in the ER.

(1987). The Arrhythmia That Converted Spontaneously in the ER. Hospital Practice: Vol. 22, No. 7, pp. 241-252.
Mild increases in serum FSH in late follicular phase increases the risk of the luteinized unruptured follicle: case report.

Purpose To find a case that will support the concept that mild elevation of serum follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) levels in late follicular phase may interfere with the release of the oocyte from the follicle. Materials and methods Oocyte release was determined in a woman in a complete natural cycle vs cycles where a boost of very low dose FSH was given, human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) 10,000 units or leuprolide acetate 1 mg every 12 hours x two doses was given in FSH stimulated cycles. Results Oocyte release occurred in all natural cycles vs none of the mildly stimulated cycles. Conclusions Mild changes in the FSH level in the late luteal phase may affect the production of certain FSH dependent factors needed to release the oocyte.
Hypernatremia-induced vasopressin secretion is not altered in TRPV1-/- rats.

Changes in osmolality or extracellular NaCl concentrations are detected by specialized neurons in the hypothalamus to increase vasopressin (VP) and stimulate thirst. Recent in vitro evidence sugges...
Sepiapterin Reductase Deficiency: Mimic of Cerebral Palsy

Researchers at University of California at San Diego, and 22 other US national and international centers studied the clinical, biochemical, and molecular findings in a cohort of 38 patients with sepiapterin reductase deficiency (SRD).
ASSESSING THE PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES OF THE ENTREPRENEURIAL ORIENTATION SCALE: A MULTI-COUNTRY ANALYSIS

This study utilized data from 1,067 firms In six countries to clarify the psychometric properties of the entrepreneurial orientation (EO) measure. The first research question addressed dimensionali...
Postmastectomy Radiation in Breast Cancer Patients With Pathologically Positive Lymph Nodes After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy: Usage Rates and Survival Trends.

Background To analyze postmastectomy radiation therapy (PMRT) utilization and its association with overall survival (OS) in breast cancer patients with pathologically positive lymph nodes after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC).
Associations between tobacco and tuberculosis

The association between smoking and tuberculosis (TB) has been investigated since 1918. Both passive and active exposure to tobacco smoke have been shown to be associated with tuberculous infection and with the transition from being infected to developing TB disease. The association between smoking and developing TB disease (without separating the risk of transition from being exposed to being infected and that from being infected to developing TB disease) has been reported substantially. Smoking affects the clinical manifestations of TB. It has been shown that ever smokers are more likely to have cough, dyspnoea, chest radiograph appearances of upper zone involvement, cavity and miliary appearance, and positive sputum culture, but are less likely to have isolated extra-pulmonary involvement than non-smokers. Smoking has been found to be associated with both relapse of TB and TB mortality. There appears to be enough evidence to conclude that smoking is causally associated with TB disease. Patients with TB need and should receive counselling and assistance in stopping smoking.
What’s ‘evangelical’ got to do with it? Disentangling the impact of evangelical Protestantism on environmental outcomes

ABSTRACTEmpirical research on the relationship between evangelical Protestants and the environment has generated a range of divergent findings. Measurements of evangelical Protestants vary greatly, as do the dependent environmental outcomes they are used to predict. Serious questions remain concerning when and how ‘evangelicals’ diverge from others in their environmental views and behaviors. Here, two foundational questions concerning the relationship between evangelical Protestants and the environment are explored. First, do religious effects differ based on how evangelicals are defined and measured? Second, does the relationship vary with the outcome variable used? Utilizing 14 dependent variables from two nationally representative data sets, among the measures of evangelical Protestantism, biblical literalism is the most important predictor of environmental outcomes. Negative religious effects are more pronounced when questions concern future environmental outcomes, but not current environmental concer...
Rapid Electrical Heating of Aluminum-Boron Nano-Laminates

Rapid or explosive heating of electrically conductive films has several applications, and the use of reactive laminates to increase output energy is an intriguing concept. Past studies have shown electrically heated aluminum/nickel (Al/Ni) nano-laminate films to augment this energy by an amount approximately equivalent to the expected heat of mixing between the two elements, which for most intermetallics is a significant fraction of the total heat of reaction (86% for Al/Ni). In this study, we investigate the use of sputtered aluminum/boron (Al/B) laminates to determine whether a similar increase, as measured by the velocity of an ejected flyer layer, occurs. However, observed velocities in any samples containing boron were 38% to 45% lower than samples without boron, despite much higher heats of reaction reported in the literature for Al/B. We attributed this reduction to the vaporization temperature of boron being much higher than that of Al, and because Al electrical resistivity at elevated temperatures was still much lower than boron, boron heating was less efficient as vaporized Al expanded and drove the ejected flyer. These results and analysis give insight into other reactive material combinations in which one of the constituents is an electrical insulator.
A Simplification of the MV Matching Algorithm and its Proof

For all practical purposes, the Micali-Vazirani [MV80] general graph maximum matching algorithm is still the most ecient known algorithm for the problem. The purpose of this paper is to provide a complete proof of correctness of the algorithm in the simplest possible terms; graph-theoretic machinery developed for this purpose also helps simplify the algorithm.
Poland in the American sociological imagination

What place does Poland occupy in the American sociological imagination? Building on a more general theory of American sociological internationalism, I offer a historical sketch of Poland's presence in American sociology. I suggest that its enduring presence, albeit with shifting thematic emphasis, can be explained by attending to the ways in which global transformations, path effects, and international networks shape knowledge production. I conclude with some reflections on how the analysis of the cultural politics of globalization and community, especially around military alliances and war, might contribute to the broadening of American sociology's engagement with Poland.
Events Surrounding the Birth of the Kobayashi Metric

I first met Sho in 1962 in one of the AMS Summer Institutes in Santa Barbara. I had just finished my first year as a graduate student at MIT and he told me he was on his way to Berkeley. We ended up being colleagues for 47 years when I myself got to Berkeley in 1965. Although as colleagues we could not help but run into each other often, I think it was in the ten or so years from 1980 to 1990 that I had extended contact with him every week, when he drove me home after each differential geometry seminar late in the day on Friday.We had to walk a bit before we could get to his car and that gave us even more of a chance to chat and gossip. I am afraid the intellectual quality of the conversations was not particularly high, but the entertainment value was off the charts. It was most enjoyable. However, the one thing that has stuck in my mind about Sho all these years is probably the fortuitous confluence of events surrounding the discovery of the Kobayashi metric in 1966.
Teaching Law in Public Administration: The Use of Case Analysis

Judicial decisionmaking is relevant to almost every aspect of public administration education. This relevance requires that an effort be made to include judicial analysis in curricula. However, thi...
Cultivated Human Vaginal Microbiome Communities Impact Zika and Herpes Simplex Virus Replication in ex vivo Vaginal Mucosal Cultures.

The human vaginal microbiome (VMB) is a complex bacterial community that interacts closely with vaginal epithelial cells (VEC) impacting the mucosal phenotype and its responses to pathogenic insults. The VMB and VEC relationship includes nutrient exchange and regulation of signaling molecules that controls numerous host functions and defends against invading pathogens. To better understand infection and replication of sexually transmitted viral pathogens in the human vaginal mucosa we used our ex vivo VEC multilayer culture system. We tested the hypothesis that selected VMB communities could be identified that alter the replication of sexually transmitted viruses consistent with reported clinical associations. Sterile VEC multilayer cultures or those colonized with VMB dominated by specific Lactobacillus spp, or VMB lacking lactobacilli, were infected with Zika virus, (ZIKV) a single stranded RNA virus, or Herpes Simplex Virus type 2 (HSV-2), a double stranded DNA virus. The virus was added to the apical surface of the cultured VEC multilayer to model transmission during vaginal intercourse. Viral replication was measured 48h later by qPCR. The results indicated that VEC cultures colonized by VMB containing Staphylococcus spp, previously reported as inflammatory, significantly reduced the quantity of viral genomes produced by ZIKV. HSV-2 titers were decreased by nearly every VMB tested relative to the sterile control, although Lactobacillus spp-dominated VMBs caused the greatest reduction in HSV-2 titer consistent with clinical observations. To explore the mechanism for reduced ZIKV titers, we investigated inflammation created by ZIKV infection, VMB colonization or pre-exposure to selected TLR agonists. Finally, expression levels of human beta defensins 1-3 were quantified in cultures infected by ZIKV and those colonized by VMBs that impacted ZIKV titers. The data presented expands the utility of this ex vivo model system providing controlled and reproducible methods to study the VMB impact on STIs and indicated a correlation between viral replication and specific bacterial species within the VMB.
Teaching Bits: Statistics Education Articles from 2010

(2010). Teaching Bits: Statistics Education Articles from 2010. Journal of Statistics Education: Vol. 18, No. 3, pp. null.
When is a black hole not a black hole

When it's an astrophysical black hole, of course. These massive, mysterious objects encapsulate the majesty of the cosmos for Chanda Prescod-Weinstein