cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
On the Edge: Exploring the End of the Analytic Hour

The final moments of the analytic hour are a repetitive reenactment whose symbolic meaning can be both a challenge and an opportunity. Each member of the analytic dyad is vulnerable to the revival of deprivation and loss that is introduced by the end of the hour, and each will handle the experience in a unique way. When this cocreated moment occurs in the absence of awareness, there can be avoidance and enactment. When it occurs in the context of shared understanding, the analytic pair is free to intensify, play with, and confront the limitations and inevitabilities of life that are revived again and again when we approach and reach the end. Integrating theoretical perspectives on mourning, attachment, and self-states, along with clinical vignettes, the paper will show how existential questions are present in many of our analytic encounters. As we help our clients negotiate this moment, we too may acknowledge aspects of ourselves that can intensify our awareness, and facilitate our therapeutic effectivene...
Active probing for information in control systems with quantized state measurements: a minimum entropy approach

In this paper the effect of state quantization in scaler discrete-time linear control systems is studied by analyzing the system as a partially observed stochastic system. The problem of optimal state information gathering and filtering is investigated using information theoretic measures and formulating the state estimation problem as an entropy optimization problem. The active probing effect of the feedback control is thoroughly studied. Optimal feedback controls which minimize various types of entropy costs are determined, and it is shown that this problem is equivalent to an optimal control problem for a controlled Markov chain.
Epitaxial superconducting Tl0.5Pb0.5Sr1.6Ba0.4Ca2Cu3O9 films on LaAlO3 by thermal spray and post-spray annealing

A simple, low-cost and easily scalable method - thermal spray followed by post-spray annealing - has been successfully demonstrated for fabricating high-Jc epitaxial superconducting films of Tl0.5Pb0.5Sr1.6Ba0.4Ca2Cu3O9 [(Tl, Pb)-1223]. The process was performed by spraying a stoichiometric solution containing Tl, Pb, Sr, Ba, Ca and Cu nitrates onto LaAlO3 substrates heated to 300-400 °C. Subsequently, the amorphous films were placed inside a silver containment along with two semicircular unfired pellets, and were reacted and crystallized by a thermal anneal at 870 °C in air. X-ray diffraction showed that the films consist mainly of c-axis aligned (Tl, Pb)-1223 phase with a small amount of (Tl, Pb)-1212 phase. X-ray -scans revealed very good epitaxial growth. Four-probe transport measurements on a 4 mm wide and 1.2 µm thick film showed a superconducting transition temperature of 106-109 K, with a zero-field critical current of 51 A at 77 K, which corresponds to a critical current density of 1.1 × 106 A cm-2.
Random fluctuations of convex domains and lattice points

In this paper, we examine a random version of the lattice point problem. Let 7H denote the class of all homogeneous functions in C2 (Rn) of degree one, positive away from the origin. Let qX be a random element of X-, defined on probability space (Q, .F, P), and define F.,, W() = J e-i(x,0)dx {x: b(P(WX)<11 for w E Q. We prove that, if E (I F.1)) < C[(] 2 , where [(] = 1 + 1, then E(N?)(t) = Vtn + O(tn-2+ n+) where V = E(I{x: (D(.,x) < 1}1), the expected volume. That is, on average, N(Dt)= Vn+(t-2+ 2 Nb (t) = Vtn+O(tn 2+ n+1 ). We give explicit examples in which the Gaussian curvature of {x: (D(w, x) < 1} is small with high probability, and the estimate N~1 (t) = Vtn + O(tn 2? n+1) holds nevertheless.
Enhanced coupling of neonatal muscarinic receptors in rat brain to phosphoinositide turnover.

The relationship between the density of the muscarinic receptor in developing rat cerebral cortex and its coupling to phosphoinositide turnover is examined. Tissue slices from rats of various ages were incubated with myo-[2-3H]inositol, and the effect of carbamoylcholine on the release of total inositol phosphates was determined. Binding of [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate was determined in the same tissue. Although muscarinic receptor density in day-18 embryonic cortex was only 5% of that in the adult, the maximal response of stimulated phosphoinositide turnover to carbamoylcholine (1-10 mM) was at the adult level (i.e., three-fold increase). Comparison of the dependence of the turnover on carbamoylcholine concentration revealed that in neonates, the dose-response curve was shifted to the left, giving a half-maximal effect at concentrations approximately tenfold lower than that in the adult. In addition, the partial muscarinic agonists oxotremorine-2 and bethanechol were both more efficacious in young rats than in adults. The differences could not be accounted for either by alterations in agonist affinity for the receptor or by the presence of "spare" muscarinic receptors. These results indicate that muscarinic receptors in fetal and newborn rat cerebral cortex are more efficiently coupled to stimulation of phosphoinositide turnover than in the adult.
Social Behavior in Cooperative Groups: Students at Risk for ADHD and Their Peers

ABSTRACT Cooperative learning has broad support as an instructional strategy to improve achievement. If the social behavior of students at risk for ADHD could be documented, cooperative groups could also provide a context for intervention. To this purpose, we observed 22 same-gender triads, with or without a member at risk for ADHD during problem-solving performance. Findings were that at-risk students exhibited more negative verbal, off-task, and less cooperative behavior. Unexpected findings were that their groups were also more successful. Educational implications when planning group experiences were described in terms of (a) the identification of behavior to anticipate from students at risk, (b) how students’ behavior can alter the behavior of their general education peers, and (c) the importance of interventions for all group members, especially boys.
Collaborative applications experience with the Bauhaus coordination language

Though extremely promising in the abstract, collaborative computing systems have not yet lived up to their full potential. Besides problems pointed out by other researchers, we blame a lack of integration that pervades the field. The collaborative computing landscape consists largely of a collection of specific groupware tools, each designed and built for a specific purpose. For the most part, applications remain isolated from, and incompatible with, each other and with a user's normal work environment. The infrastructures and toolkits that do exist for building groupware systems represent a promising approach, but tend to focus on one kind of system (e.g. synchronous or asynchronous) to the exclusion of others. To ameliorate such problems, we propose taking a coordination language-based approach to groupware construction. Our new coordination language, Bauhaus, has been used to successfully construct a variety of different kinds of groupware systems. We briefly describe the Bauhaus language and our Bauhaus system prototype. We then discuss three collaborative systems that we have built using Bauhaus: a multi-user discussion system, a meeting scheduler and a multi-user dungeon (MUD).
Survival of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria in chicken meat during freeze-dehydration, rehydration, and storage.

Total and anaerobic counts were ascertained on boneless, cooked, cubed, frozen chicken meat. We determined survival of aerobes and anaerobes in the natural flora after the meat was freeze-dehydrated and rehydrated at room temperature for 30 min and at 50, 85, and 100 C for 10 min. Total and anaerobic counts of bacteria in the rehydrated meat were established during storage of samples at 4, 22, and 37 C—until a spoilage odor was detected. Samples were also inoculated with Clostridium sporogenes and were dried and rehydrated at 100 C and stored at 37 C. Approximately 21% of the aerobes and 37% of the anaerobes survived drying and rehydration at room temperature. Many genera of aerobes, anaerobes, and facultative anaerobes survived drying and rehydration at 50 C; only sporeformers survived rehydration at 85 or 100 C. Low-temperature (4 C) storage of rehydrated meat produced ample shelf life (over 20 days), whereas storage at the higher temperature resulted in a shelf life of less than 30 hr. Approximately 81% of the C. sporogenes cells survived rehydration at 100 C and grew to over 107 cells within 40 hr. Our study presents additional data for adequate microbiological control in processing of freeze-dehydrated meat. Also, it points out the natural selection for sporeformers at high temperature of rehydration, stressing the need for consumer education in product handling for safety purposes.
Effect of Different Acids on Solid-State Stability of an Ester Prodrug of a IIb/IIIa Glycoprotein Receptor Antagonist

DMP 754 is an ester prodrug of a fibrinogen glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor antagonist. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the addition of acids to blends containing DMP 754 and anhydrous lactose could improve the stability at 40°C/75% relative humidity. DMP 754 drug substance was stable at this accelerated condition. Blending of DMP 754 with anhydrous lactose accelerated the hydrolysis of both the ester and the amidine groups. The pH of a saturated solution of lactose is approximately 6, whereas the pH of maximum solution stability for the drug substance is approximately 4. Acids were incorporated into the blend so that the microenvironment would be more acidic and afford improved drug stability. Addition of acids decreased the rate of hydrolysis of the amidine group and this effect was more pronounced with stronger acids. However, the more acidic ingredients led to more rapid hydrolysis of the ester group.
Schizophrenia Genetics: Where Next?

The purpose of this invited review is to summarize the state of genetic research into the etiology of schizophrenia (SCZ) and to consider options for progress. The fundamental uncertainty in SCZ genetics has always been the nature of the beast, the underlying genetic architecture. If this were known, studies using the appropriate technologies and sample sizes could be designed with an excellent chance of producing high-confidence results. Until recently, few pertinent data were available, and the field necessarily relied on speculation. However, for the first time in the complex and frustrating history of inquiry into the genetics of SCZ, we now have empirical data about the genetic basis of SCZ that implicate specific loci and that can be used to plan the next steps forward.
Creating Social Security Incentives For Older Workers To Remain In The Workforce

This paper presents an innovative proposal for modifying the Social Security benefit structure. The purpose of the modification is to provide an incentive for people to remain in the work force for more years as well as help provide revenues needed to fund Social Security entitlement costs and, at the same time, increase employment, and help balance the federal budget.
Cholesterol and phytosterols differentially regulate the expression of caveolin 1 and a downstream prostate cell growth-suppressor gene.

Abstract Background: The purpose of our study was to show the distinction between the apoptotic and anti-proliferative signaling of phytosterols and cholesterol-enrichment in prostate cancer cell lines, mediated by the differential transcription of caveolin-1, and N - myc downstream - regulated gene 1 ( NDRG1 ), a pro-apoptotic androgen-regulated tumor suppressor. Methods: PC-3 and DU145 cells were treated with sterols (cholesterol and phytosterols) for 72h, followed by trypan blue dye-exclusion measurement of necrosis and cell growth measured with a Coulter counter. Sterol induction of cell growth-suppressor gene expression was evaluated by mRNA transcription using RT-PCR, while cell cycle analysis was performed by FACS analysis. Altered expression of Ndrg1 protein was confirmed by Western blot analysis. Apoptosis was evaluated by real time RT-PCR amplification of P53 , Bcl - 2 gene and its related pro- and anti-apoptotic family members. Results: Physiological doses (16μM) of cholesterol and phytosterols were not cytotoxic in these cells. Cholesterol-enrichment promoted cell growth ( P P caveolin - 1 ( cav - 1 ) and NDRG1 genes in both prostate cancer cell lines. Phytosterols had the opposite effect by inducing overexpression of cav - 1 , a known mediator of androgen-dependent signals that presumably control cell growth or apoptosis. Conclusions: Cholesterol and phytosterol treatment differentially regulated the growth of prostate cancer cells and the expression of p53 and cav - 1 , a gene that regulates androgen-regulated signals. These sterols also differentially regulated cell cycle arrest, downstream pro-apoptotic androgen-regulated tumor suppressor, NDRG1 suggesting that cav - 1 may mediate pro-apoptotic NDRG1 signals. Elucidation of the mechanism for sterol modulation of growth and apoptosis signaling may reveal potential targets for cancer prevention and/or chemotherapeutic intervention. Sterol regulation of NDRG1 transcription suggests its potential as biomarker for prediction of neoplasms that would be responsive to chemoprevention by phytosterols.
Glow Stick or Urine Sample

The random urine sample shown in Fig. 1 was collected from a 43-year-old woman with systemic lupus erythematosus. A routine urinalysis (Aution Max AX-4280; Iris Diagnostics) revealed no remarkable findings and, specifically, was negative for protein. The corresponding urine protein concentration, however, was 448 mg/dL (reference interval, ≤12 mg/dL) as measured with a turbidimetric assay (Cobas c701; Roche Diagnostics). Protein concentrations in urine samples previously collected from this patient were undetectable. …
Optimized in situ DNA synthesis on patterned glass

This paper describes studies of patterned arrays on glass surfaces and their use as spatially separated reactors for in situ synthesis of DNA using an inkjet synthesizer. Photolithographic methods were employed to fabricate arrays composed of homogenous circular features containing a hydroxyl-terminated silane coupled to the surface of the glass via a siloxane bond. Features are embedded within a background matrix composed of a fluorosilane attached to the glass. Due to the differential wettability of the two silanes, whereby the hydroxyl-terminated silane and fluorosilane are hydrophilic and hydrophobic respectively because of their head groups, the patterned circular features are able to constrain liquid within a defined site. The silanization result was analyzed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to optimize silanization time and solvent. Synthesis was then performed using a custom-built inkjet system using phosphoramidite chemistry. Base-by-base analysis using fluorescent labeling showed consistent coupling efficiency on synthesis of a 50-mer homopolymer.
Direct Democracy and the Puritan Theory of Membership

This essay explores the political implications of seventeenth century American Congregationalism. The essay describes the Puritan theory of church membership and relates it to contemporary liberal and democratic notions of citizenship. While the relationship of American Puritanism with liberalism has been previously examined, few commentators have discussed the Puritan connection with direct democracy. Following Wolin and others, I sharply distinguish between the political theories of democracy and liberalism, and discover that the Puritans were "proto-democrats" in their advocacy of small, highly autonomous participatory communities. The Puritan theory of covenanted church membership reveals the nature of citizenship in a direct democracy. "Universal membership" is more characteristic of the large nation than it is of the small democratic community because the latter places more power and responsibility in the hands of the citizenry, and because a democracy is identified with its citizens rather than wit...
Linear theory, dimensional theory, and the face-inversion effect

We contrast two theories within whose context problems are conceptualized, and data interpreted. By traditional linear theory, a dependent variable is the sum of main-effect and interaction terms. By dimensional theory, independent variables yield values on internal dimensions which in turn determine performance. We frame our arguments within an investigation of the face-inversion effect—the greater processing disadvantage of inverting faces compared to non-faces. We report data from three simulations and three experiments wherein faces or non-faces are studied upright or inverted in a recognition procedure. The simulations demonstrate that (1) critical conclusions depend on which theory is used to interpret data and (2) dimensional theory is the more flexible and consistent in identifying underlying psychological structures, because dimensional theory subsumes linear theory as a special case. The experiments demonstrate that by dimensional theory, there is no face-inversion effect for unfamiliar faces, but a clear face-inversion effect for celebrity faces.
Engineering reliability into hybrid systems via rich design models: recent results and current directions

Software reliability techniques are aimed at reducing or eliminating failures in software systems. Reliability in software systems has traditionally been measured during or after system implementation. However, software engineering methodology lays stress on doing the "correct things" early on in the software development lifecycle in order to curb development and maintenance costs. In this paper, we argue that reliability of a software system should be assessed throughout the system's life span, starting with the software architecture level. Our research goal is to estimate the reliability of software systems in early design stages, which we believe involves the ability to reason about numerous uncertainties that exist in this stage, including uncertainty due to lack of execution artifacts. Our proposed approach is to develop techniques that will couple software architectural models with a suite of stochastic reliability estimation models and allow us to reason about these uncertainties. In this paper, we present our recent results using our technique for reliability estimation of software components at the level of software architecture. Another important part of this paper is the discussion of our ongoing research efforts and open research problems in this area.
Green peach aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae) action thresholds for controlling the spread of potato leafroll virus in Idaho

Arbitrary green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer), action thresholds (0, 5, 10, 20, and 40 aphids per 100 leaves) were tested in 3 yr of field experimentation to determine if they could be maintained and if they would significantly impact aphid densities and limit the incidence of potato leafroll virus (PLRV). In 1997 and 1998, significant linear relationships between thresholds and final percentage of PLRV (expressed as the percentage of tubers infected with PLRV) were observed: there was a trend toward lower PLRV incidence with decreasing action threshold in 1999. There were significant relationships between thresholds and mean number of apterous aphids in 1998 and 1999, indicating that reduction of PLRV resulted from reduced within-field spread by apterae. In almost all cases, aphid densities exceeded threshold levels from one week to the next, clearly showing that the thresholds could not be maintained. Over all experiments, four to nine seasonal applications of methamidophos were warranted by the magnitude of the threshold. Imidacloprid applied at planting to the zero aphid threshold reduced the number of methamidophos applications from nine in the insecticide-at-detection treatment to five. A revised within-field green peach aphid management plan is recommended that includes systemic insecticide applied at planting, aphid sampling every 3-4 d, and foliar insecticide application following aphid detection.
The Rise of Organic Chemistry in Russia: Kazan’ and St. Petersburg

During the early part of the nineteenth century, two major locations were largely responsible for the progress of organic chemistry in Russia: St. Petersburg, which had been a center of higher learning since the founding of the Academy of Sciences in 1725, and Kazan’ (Fig. 3.1), a city on the Volga River. The emergence of organic chemistry in St. Petersburg is not particularly surprising, given the resources available in the capital and the existence of the Academy of Sciences there, but the same cannot be said for Kazan’, a city some 600 miles east of Moscow on the Volga River. Kazan’ is now the capital of Tatarstan, in the Russian Federation, but at the turn of the nineteenth century, it was simply an eastern outpost of European Russia. In fact, when Kazan’ was awarded a university in 1804 as a result of the 1803 decree of Tsar Aleksandr I—the same decree that established universities in the Baltic-Russian city of Dorpat (now Tartu, in Estonia), St. Petersburg, and the Ukrainian-Russian city of Khar’kov (now Kharkiv), and that also expanded Moscow University—the response of the local population was tepid, at best.
Chapter 4 Electron Microprobe Analysis of Cell Sodium in Epithelia

Publisher Summary Originally designed for nonbiological materials (Castaing, 195 l), during recent years electron microprobe analysis has become widely used for biological specimens. Compared to other techniques for chemical analysis of intracellular ion concentrations, this method excels by allowing the simultaneous analysis of a large number of elements and by affording a very high spatial resolving power. Application of the technique to biological soft tissues is, however, not without problems. For the analysis of readily diffusible ions such as Na + and K + , perhaps the most important consideration is whether the specimen preparation preserves their original distribution. Conventional preparation techniques used for electron microscopy are certainly not appropriate. It is now generally accepted that the only method that satisfactorily maintains the original distribution of ions is fast-freezing, followed by cryosectioning and analysis in the frozen-hydrated state or, after additional freeze-drying, analysis in the frozen-dried state. The studies in the chapter are performed on thin, freeze-dried cryosections in a scanning transmission electron microscope using an energy dispersive X-ray detection system.
Urban Development In Southeast Asia: Regional Cities And Local Government

Theory and methodology Chiang Mai, Thailand Iloilo City, Philippines Penang, Malaysia local autonomy, urban government and development in Southeast Asian regional cities.
Drug Kinetics and Continuous Arteriovenous Hemofiltration

Since Kramer’s initial description of the procedure he called continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration (CAVH) (1), its role in the management of acute renal failure has been considerably expanded (2–4). Because most patients undergoing CAVH are critically ill, optimal management of concurrent medications is a necessity. Only recently has drug handling during CAVH been studied in any detail (4–8). It is the purpose of this chapter to review the factors related to drug handling during CAVH, to establish uniform terminology and methodology for drug data collection, to summarize the available data concerning specific drugs, and to recommend an approach to drug administration in patients undergoing CAVH.
The Effectiveness of Foreign Aid to Women's Equality Organisations in the MENA

In this paper, we address the question of whether official development assistance promotes gender equality in the Middle East and North Africa region by examining the effects of aid to Women’s Equality Organizations and Institutions on women’s political empowerment, measured by the proportion of seats held by women in national parliaments. We use panel data (covering the period 2002-10) from 13 Middle East and North African countries and control for several relevant variables, including secondary school enrolments, adult fertility rates, autocracy, and official development assistance targeting family planning and reproductive health. The econometric results suggest that official development assistance …/
Reply to the ‘Comment on “The promise of microfluidic artificial lungs”’ by G. Wagner, A. Kaesler, U. Steinseifer, T. Schmitz-Rode and J. Arens, Lab Chip, 2016, 16, DOI: 10.1039/C5LC01508A

This response explores and discusses the critiques of Wagner et al. in their “Comment on ‘The promise of microfluidic artificial lungs’ by Joseph A. Potkay, Lab Chip, 2014, 14, 4122–4138”.
THE DIHYDROPHENOPHOSPHAZINE RING SYSTEM. 2. THE REACTION OF PHOSPHORUS TRIHALIDES WITH HALO-SUBSTITUTED AND STERICALLY HINDERED DIARYLAMINES

Abstract The reaction of phosphorus trichloride with three p-chloro-substituted diarylamines gave the expected ring-substituted derivatives of the secondary phosphine oxide 1 and the spirophosphonium chloride 2. 4,4′-Dibromodiphenylamine was converted in part to a tribromo derivative, but 2,2′,4,4′-tetrabromodiphenylamine did not react at all with phosphorus trichloride or tribromide. N-Phenyl-o-toluidine and phosphorus trichloride gave a moderate yield of the expected phosphine oxide but no spirophosphonium chloride. Di-o-tolyamine gave only a very small yield of phosphine oxide. All of the phosphine oxides obtained in this study were oxidized to the corresponding phosphinic acids.
Pre- and Post-Thyroidectomy Voice Assessment

After thyroid surgery, a change in voice from baseline is considered to be the most common complication. The presence or absence of recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) dysfunction does not solely predict functional voice outcome after thyroidectomy, as other mechanisms can affect vocal fold function. Nonetheless, when reading the pertinent literature, it becomes obvious that the true incidence of temporary and permanent vocal fold paralysis (VFP) after thyroid surgery is still unknown. The majority of previous studies that have examined the incidence of VFP have lacked adequate assessment of postoperative vocal fold function. The reason for this variance in practice is due to the lack of consensus from the surgical professional societies and the difference in the professional background and training of today’s thyroid surgeons. Such statistics about the true risk of RLN injury with subsequent temporary or permanent VFP rates are important in obtaining informed patient consent before proceeding with thyroidectomy. Pre- and postoperative assessment of vocal fold function for patients undergoing thyroid surgery may help to detect an existing preoperative RLN palsy or an early iatrogenic RLN injury. Knowing this information may help to develop an appropriate surgical plan preoperatively and intervene supportively in a patient who may have vocal fold motion impairment postoperatively. Herein, we discuss the technical considerations for voice assessment during thyroid surgery and the rationale for routine pre- and postoperative laryngeal assessment of the larynx.
Neuropathologic Associations of Learning and Memory in Primary Progressive Aphasia

Importance The dementia syndrome of primary progressive aphasia (PPA) can be caused by 1 of several neuropathologic entities, including forms of frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) or Alzheimer disease (AD). Although episodic memory is initially spared in this syndrome, the subtle learning and memory features of PPA and their neuropathologic associations have not been characterized. Objective To detect subtle memory differences on the basis of autopsy-confirmed neuropathologic diagnoses in PPA. Design, Setting, and Participants Retrospective analysis was conducted at the Northwestern Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer’s Disease Center in August 2015 using clinical and postmortem autopsy data that had been collected between August 1983 and June 2012. Thirteen patients who had the primary clinical diagnosis of PPA and an autopsy-confirmed diagnosis of either AD (PPA-AD) or a tau variant of FTLD (PPA-FTLD) and 6 patients who had the clinical diagnosis of amnestic dementia and autopsy-confirmed AD (AMN-AD) were included. Main Outcomes and Measures Scores on the effortless learning, delayed retrieval, and retention conditions of the Three Words Three Shapes test, a specialized measure of verbal and nonverbal episodic memory. Results The PPA-FTLD (n = 6), PPA-AD (n = 7), and AMN-AD (n = 6) groups did not differ by demographic composition (all P > .05). The sample mean (SD) age was 64.1 (10.3) years at symptom onset and 67.9 (9.9) years at Three Words Three Shapes test administration. The PPA-FTLD group had normal (ie, near-ceiling) scores on all verbal and nonverbal test conditions. Both the PPA-AD and AMN-AD groups had deficits in verbal effortless learning (mean [SD] number of errors, 9.9 [4.6] and 14.2 [2.0], respectively) and verbal delayed retrieval (mean [SD] number of errors, 6.1 [5.9] and 12.0 [4.4], respectively). The AMN-AD group had additional deficits in nonverbal effortless learning (mean [SD] number of errors, 10.3 [4.0]) and verbal retention (mean [SD] number of errors, 8.33 [5.2]), which were not observed in the PPA-FTLD or PPA-AD groups (all P Conclusions and Relevance This study identified neuropathologic associations of learning and memory in autopsy-confirmed cases of PPA. Among patients with clinical PPA syndrome, AD neuropathology appeared to interfere with effortless learning and delayed retrieval of verbal information, whereas FTLD-tau pathology did not. The results provide directions for future research on the interactions between limbic and language networks.
The Rain Is Askew: Two Idealized Models Relating Vertical Velocity and Precipitation Distributions in a Warming World

AbstractAs the planet warms, climate models predict that rain will become heavier but less frequent and that the circulation will weaken. Here, two heuristic models relating moisture, vertical velocity, and rainfall distributions are developed—one in which the distribution of vertical velocity is prescribed and another in which it is predicted. These models are used to explore the response to warming and moistening as well as changes in circulation, atmospheric energy budget, and stability. Some key assumptions of the models include that relative humidity is fixed within and between climate states and that stability is constant within each climate state. The first model shows that an increase in skewness of the vertical velocity distribution is crucial for capturing salient characteristics of the changing distribution of rain, including the muted rate of mean precipitation increase relative to extremes and the decrease in the total number or area of rain events. The second model suggests that this increas...
Ultrasonic Wave Propagation in Anisotropic Fluid-Saturated Porous Media

On a mesoscale the pore structure in natural rocks is strongly inhomogeneous. With an increase of the scale size one may find that the pore structure has preferred orientation (texture) which leads to anisotropy of permeability and tortuosity. In this paper the Biot theory was applied to an orthotropic fluid saturated porous medium. Such a medium supports four different wave types: fast quasilongitudinal, two quasishear and slow quasilongitudinal waves. The properties of the orthotropic frame are described by the nine independent elastic constants of the dry frame. Pore structure characteristics such as tortuosity, permeability and shape factor become direction-dependent and in the coordinate system collinear with the acoustical axes each of these parameters is represented by a second-rank tensor with the only non-zero elements on the diagonal. Our results show that the velocities of quasilongitudinal and two quasishear waves depend mostly on the properties of the frame and are not sensitive to the permeability and tortuosity directly (the frame stiffnesses, permeability and tortuosity are indirectly related due to dependence on pore structure; however they can formally be considered as independent parameters). Thus by measuring these velocities one can determine the frame elastic constants. The slow wave velocity, on the contrary, depends mostly on the pore geometry. Its angular dependence in a water- or air-saturated solid allows us to recover the components of the permeability and tortuosity tensors. This approach opens new possibilities for determination of such characteristics of porous materials as preferred pore orientation and tortuosity which have been previously inaccessible experimentally and thus to retrieve information about the pore structure.
Harnessing solid-state packing for selective detection of chloride in a macrocyclic anionophore

We report the synthesis of an inherently fluorescent macrocyclic receptor for chloride. The use of a disulphide tether provides for an excellent yield in the macrocyclization step. This compound binds chloride in the solution and solid state, and while unstable over time in aqueous solution, shows a selective response toward chloride over other anions in the solid state due to intermolecular interactions between fluorophore backbones. Surprisingly, the optoelectronic response to anions differs in solution and the films, with a distinct colorimetric response observed only in the film.
A Rare Complication of Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole: Drug Induced Aseptic Meningitis

Drug induced aseptic meningitis is a rare but challenging diagnosis, most commonly reported with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and antibiotics. Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole is a sulfonamide that is widely used in clinical practice for the treatment and prophylaxis of various infections. Drug induced aseptic meningitis, when seen with trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, occurs predominantly in patients with some degree of immune compromise and is less commonly seen in immune competent individuals. The patient often exhibits the classic symptoms of meningitis. Early diagnosis is important, since the cessation of the antibiotic leads to rapid clinical improvement. Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole induced aseptic meningitis has been underreported to FDA/MED-WATCH program. Here we report two cases of trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole: an immune competent individual and immune compromised individual, both of which presented with signs of meningitis and a negative infectious workup. Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole is an uncommon and mysterious adverse reaction to a commonly used antibiotic. It should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients presenting with acute signs and symptoms of meningitis especially after infectious causes have been ruled out.
Habitat Selection by Forster's Terns (Sterna forsteri) at Multiple Spatial Scales in an Urbanized Estuary: the Importance of Salt Ponds

Abstract. The highly urbanized San Francisco Bay Estuary, California, USA, is currently undergoing large-scale habitat restoration, and several thousand hectares of former salt evaporation ponds are being converted to tidal marsh. To identify potential effects of this habitat restoration on breeding waterbirds, habitat selection of radiotagged Forster's Terns (Sterna forsteri) was examined at multiple spatial scales during the pre-breeding and breeding seasons of 2005 and 2006. At each spatial scale, habitat selection ratios were calculated by season, year, and sex. Forster's Terns selected salt pond habitats at most spatial scales and demonstrated the importance of salt ponds for foraging and roosting. Salinity influenced the types of salt pond habitats that were selected. Specifically, Forster's Terns strongly selected lower salinity salt ponds (0.5–30 g/L) and generally avoided higher salinity salt ponds (≥ 31 g/L). Forster's Terns typically used tidal marsh and managed marsh habitats in proportion to ...
Antioxidant Flavonoids for Arthritis Treatment: Human and Animal Models

Hundreds of chemical substances, including flavonoids, are derived from indigenous plants. The antioxidative properties of these polyhydroxy flavonoids provide long-term relief from arthritis both in animals and humans. The mechanisms of action of these flavonoids are partially due to the molecular positions of the hydroxyl group that inhibits COX1, COX-2, and lipoxygenase and induces the antioxidative enzymes, unlike traditional NSAIDs. The long-term antiarthritic activities of apigenin and its related flavonoids from Clerodendron inerme were discussed with special reference to the radiological studies of arthritic rat joints. A clinical trial of the flavonoids from Tripterygium wilfordii is also discussed.
Data Prefetching for Large Tiered Storage Systems

In multi-tier storage systems with large amounts of data, most of the data is stored on inexpensive slower tiers such as cloud or tape to achieve cost savings. This also implies that retrieving the data from the slower storage tiers incurs high latency. Therefore, it would be beneficial to proactively prefetch data from slower tiers to faster tiers by predicting future data accesses. State-of-the-art access prediction methods typically record access history of individual files, data objects, or data segments. However, in systems with large amounts of infrequently accessed (or cold) data, file-level access history is often unavailable for much of the data due to the low frequency of access. In this paper, we extract information from file metadata to predict file accesses in a storage system. The proposed method relies on the hypothesis that users and applications access data stored in the system in a given context and that the context and, therefore, the set of files that are likely to be accessed can be identified by detecting access patterns in file metadata. As an application, we consider the LOFAR radio telescope's long term archive, where the access patterns are learned based on a rich set of metadata, and these patterns are then used to make predictions as to likely future accesses by the astronomers.
Case 14 Blue or Rigid: Pick your Toxin

Methemoglobinemia is a congenital or acquired hemoglobinopathy caused by abnormal oxidation of hemoglobin. Typically, methemoglobinemia is treated with methylene blue. However, methylene blue is potentially serotonergic, and an FDA warning exists about the possibility of inducing serotonin syndrome. This chapter discusses methemoglobinemia, treatment options for this condition, and adverse reactions associated with methylene blue administration.
Methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus infections among patients colonized with methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus

Abstract Objectives We have noticed that patients colonized with methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) rarely get methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) infections. The purpose of this study was to compare the odds of a Staphylococcus aureus (SA) infection being an MRSA infection in MSSA carriers, MRSA carriers and non-carriers of SA. Methods Hospitalizations of adult patients at the Cleveland Clinic Health System from 2008 to 2015 were screened to identify those where the patient was tested for SA colonization. The first such hospitalization was identified. Among these 90 891 patients, those who had an SA infection during the hospitalization were included. SA carrier status (MRSA, MSSA, or non-carrier), was defined based on the first nasal SA test result. The association of carrier status and MRSA infection was examined. Results The mean (±standard deviation (SD)) age of the 1999 included patients was 61 (17) years, and 1160 (58%) were male. Thirty percent, 26%, and 44%, were MRSA carriers, MSSA carriers and non-carriers, respectively. Of the 601 SA infections in MRSA carriers (reference group), 552 (92%) were MRSA infections compared with 42 (8%) of 516 in MSSA carriers (odds ratio (OR) 0.008, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.005–0.012, p Conclusion Among patients with SA infection, the odds of the infection being an MRSA infection are 125-times lower in an MSSA carrier than in an MRSA carrier.
In vitro culture of a primary plasmacytoma that has retained its dependence on pristane conditioned microenvironment for growth.

In BALB/cAn mice, intraperitoneal implantation of plastics (Merwin and Redmon 1963), paraffin oils or the pure alkane pristane (2,6,10,14 tetrermethylpentadecane), induces the formation of plasmacytomas (PCT) that arise in the peritoneal inflammatory tissues evoked by these agents (Potter and MacCardle 1964). The paraffin oils and pristane are known to induce the formation of a chronic oil granulomatous (OG) tissue on peritoneal surfaces (Potter and MacCardle 1964, Anderson et al 1985). This tissue contains predominantly macrophages and neutrophiles that have ingested or surrounded oil droplets and become fixed to peritoneal surfaces (Anderson et al 1985). The OG tissue is vascularized by angiogenesis from mesenteric blood vessels and covered by mesothelium. In addition, the OG tissue contains a rich supportive stroma of fibroblasts and reticular fibroblasts.
EVALUATION OF ERRORS RESULTING FROM PARTICLE SHAPE ASSUMPTIONS APPLIED IN COAL COMBUSTION MODELING

Publisher Summary This chapter presents an evaluation of errors resulting from particle shape assumptions applied in coal combustion modeling. An electrodynamic balance (EDB) system has been developed with high-speed instrumentation to rapidly heat individual coal or carbon particles while measuring and recording changes in particle size and temperature. This system has been applied to study the early stages of heating and devolatilization of coals at heating rates on the order of 10 K/s. The chapter presents a study in which experiments were performed on individual particles of an aerodynamically size-classified Pittsburgh seam bituminous coal designated as PSOC-1451D. A number of approaches were applied to characterize coal particle shape and mass. Mean mass measurements were made by weighing and counting several thousand particles. A volume mean diameter for the size cut studied was determined using a Coulter counter. Drag-to-mass ratios for individual particles were determined by applying a dynamic force balance model to match measured particle oscillations in the EDB. The mass of individual particles was inferred from drag/mass measurements using projected cross-sectional areas taken in the image planes parallel and perpendicular to particle motion.
Grassmann graphs, degenerate DAHA, and non-symmetric dual q-Hahn polynomials

Abstract We discuss the Grassmann graph J q ( N , D ) with N ≥ 2 D , having as vertices the D-dimensional subspaces of an N-dimensional vector space over the finite field F q . This graph is distance-regular with diameter D; to avoid trivialities we assume D ≥ 3 . Fix a pair of a Delsarte clique C of J q ( N , D ) and a vertex x in C. We construct a 2D-dimensional irreducible module W for the Terwilliger algebra T of J q ( N , D ) associated with the pair x, C. We show that W is an irreducible module for the confluent Cherednik algebra H V and describe how the T-action on W is related to the H V -action on W. Using the H V -module W, we define non-symmetric dual q-Hahn polynomials and prove their recurrence and orthogonality relations from a combinatorial viewpoint.
Other Comprehensive Income

Other comprehensive income contains all changes that are not permitted to be included in profit or loss. It is particularly valuable for understanding ongoing changes in the fair value of a company’s assets.
High-resolution manometric guidance during laparoscopic Heller myotomy: Impact on quality of life and symptom severity for children with achalasia.

Abstract Background High-resolution esophageal manometry (HREM) during laparoscopic Heller myotomy (LHM) with fundoplication for achalasia allows tailoring of myotomy length and wrap tightness. The purpose of this study is to quantify long-term postoperative symptom severity and quality of life using validated questionnaires. Methods Children ≤ 18 years with achalasia who previously underwent LHM with intraoperative HREM from 2010 to 2017 were prospectively surveyed. Eckardt Symptom Score (ESS), Achalasia Severity Questionnaire (ASQ), Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL), and Pediatric GERD Symptom and Quality of Life (PGSQ) questionnaires were administered. Scores for historical controls were obtained from prior survey instrument validation studies as comparison. Results Of 30 eligible patients, 12 (40%) completed the surveys. Mean age at time of surgery was 13 ± 3 years. Assessment was performed at least 10 months after surgery with mean time elapsed of 3.6 ± 2 years. Average premyotomy lower esophageal sphincter (LES) pressure, postmyotomy LES pressure, and postfundoplication LES pressure were 30 ± 10 mmHg, 14 ± 6 mmHg, and 18 ± 9, respectively. ESS (2.3/12), ASQ (39/100 ± 16), PGSQ (symptom: 0.6/4 ± 0.4, school: 0.4/4 ± 0.4), and overall PedsQL (82/100 ± 15) were similar to those of healthy historical controls. Conclusion Children with achalasia undergoing LHM with intraoperative HREM had sustained long-term symptom improvement and quality of life scores comparable to healthy patients. Study and level of evidence Retrospective, II.
UNIT 19.5 Animal Models of Mycobacteria Infection

This unit describes the infection of mice and guinea pigs with mycobacteria via various routes, as well as necropsy methods for the determination of mycobacterial loads within target organs. Additionally, methods for cultivating mycobacteria and preparing stocks are described. The protocols outlined are primarily used for M. tuberculosis, but can also be used for the study of other non-tuberculosis mycobacterial species. Curr. Protoc. Immunol. 94:19.5.1-19.5.50. © 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Keywords: mycobacteria; tuberculosis; mouse; guinea pig; inhalation exposure system; necropsy; animal models