cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Does cosmic weather affect infant mortality rate

In this article, the author proposes to consider a link between infant mortality rate (IMR) and galactic cosmic radiation (CR) density. The periodical increase in solar activity increases the effect of the magnetic field of the sun, and therefore weakens galactic cosmic rays hitting the Earth's surface. As a result, embryos in their early stages of development may be less exposed to high-energy ionizing cosmic rays when the solar activity peaks. In the study discussed here, cosmic ray density data were correlated with the U.S. infant mortality rate in the following year. Statistical analysis shows that in the past 30 years, Pearson correlation between the change in galactic CR flux and IMR decrease in the following year was -0.36 (p < .05).
Power of two: Assessing the impact of a second measurement of the weak-charge form factor of Pb 208

Background: Besides its intrinsic value as a fundamental nuclear-structure observable, the weak-charge density of $^{208}\mathrm{Pb}$---a quantity that is closely related to its neutron distribution---is of fundamental importance in constraining the equation of state of neutron-rich matter.Purpose: To assess the impact that a second electroweak measurement of the weak-charge form factor of $^{208}\mathrm{Pb}$ may have on the determination of its overall weak-charge density.Methods: Using the two putative experimental values of the form factor, together with a simple implementation of Bayes' theorem, we calibrate a theoretically sound---yet surprisingly little known---symmetrized Fermi function, that is characterized by a density and form factor that are both known exactly in closed form.Results: Using the charge form factor of $^{208}\mathrm{Pb}$ as a proxy for its weak-charge form factor, we demonstrate that using only two experimental points to calibrate the symmetrized Fermi function is sufficient to accurately reproduce the experimental charge form factor over a significant range of momentum transfers.Conclusions: It is demonstrated that a second measurement of the weak-charge form factor of $^{208}\mathrm{Pb}$ supplemented by a robust theoretical input in the form of the symmetrized Fermi function would place significant constraints on the neutron distribution of $^{208}\mathrm{Pb}$. In turn, such constraints will become vital in the interpretation of hadronic experiments that will probe the neutron-rich skin of exotic nuclei at future radioactive beam facilities.
Ethical Issues in Chronic Kidney Disease

Patients with stage 3 to 5 CKD have increased rates of cardiovascular mortality and cognitive impairment and are more likely to die than progress to ESRD. Because of their distinctly worse prognosis compared to age-matched patients in the general population, treatment of these patients raises ethical issues which require special consideration. These include matters pertaining to informed consent, shared decision-making, advance care planning with the completion of advance directives and Physician Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment (POLST) forms as appropriate, the “biomedicalization” of aging, conflicts of interest in clinical practice guideline development for patients with CKD, and the ethical imperative for particularly careful management of patients with CKD. Shared decision-making is the model for advance care planning and emphasizes an individualized patient-centered approach focusing on the patient’s goals of care versus a disease-oriented approach to treatment of CKD patients. Informed consent is especially important for older stage 5 CKD patients with multiple co-morbidities since they may not benefit from dialysis. The “biomedicalization” of aging as it relates to the use of dialysis in older Americans is a key concern. Palliative care is appropriate for CKD patients with a poor prognosis and for whom the nephrologist would not be surprised if the patient died in the next year. Palliative care should be instituted early in their course so that they experience an optimal quality of life.
Casting Cultural Monsters: Representations of Serial Killers in U.S. and U.K. News Media

Serial murder is deeply embedded in Western cultures, and serial killers are the subject of widespread coverage in news and entertainment media. Scholars suggest that mass media portrayals of these...
Survey and evidence based review of probiotics used in very low birth weight preterm infants within the United States

Data from multiple clinical trials, mostly conducted outside the US, indicate that probiotic prophylaxis is an effective intervention for prevention of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in preterm infants. Probiotics are routinely used in many countries. However, in the US, probiotic use in preterm infants is limited (6.7% of very low birth weight (VLBW) infants in the US were exposed to probiotics in 2014, Vermont Oxford Network (VON)). Probiotic products are often considered in ‘generic’ terms, but considerable variation exists between commercially available probiotics in terms of their quantity and quality. The study objectives were to identify the probiotic products used in VLBW infants within the US, and to determine whether their use was supported by reliable evidence. A phone survey of all neonatal intensive care units (NICU) participating in VON within the US was conducted between May and September 2015 to identify NICUs that are using probiotics in VLBW infants. Data was collected regarding specific probiotic brands, timing, dose and duration of probiotic use. An evidence based literature search, limited to randomized controlled trials in VLBW infants, was conducted to determine whether the use of identified probiotics were supported by reliable evidence. There was a 70.3% (500/711) response rate to the phone survey. During the survey period, 14.0% of NICUs were using probiotics in VLBW infants (70/500). Probiotics were routinely given to all VLBW infants in 8.8% (44/500) NICUs, while it was given in selected VLBW infants in 5.2% (26/500) of NICUs. The common indications for selective use of probiotics were feeding intolerance and antibiotic use. Sixteen commercial probiotics products were identified through the phone survey. Probiotic products most commonly used were Culturelle (27.1%), Biogaia (14.3%), Gerber Soothe (14.3%) and Florababy (8.6%). The literature search identified evidence that evaluated 4/16 probiotic products identified (Culturelle, Align, Biogaia and ABC Dophilus). Only ABC Dophilus was reported to have a protective effect against NEC, but is used sparingly in US NICUs (2.9%). The probiotics use in VLBW infants within the US is increasing, but is still limited. There was no evidence for safety or efficacy of 90% of the probiotics currently used in US NICUs, and therefore, caution is warranted.
Nanofabricated Neural Probes for Dense 3-D Recordings of Brain Activity

Computations in brain circuits involve the coordinated activation of large populations of neurons distributed across brain areas. However, monitoring neuronal activity in the brain of intact animals with high temporal and spatial resolution has remained a technological challenge. Here we address this challenge by developing dense, three-dimensional (3-D) electrode arrays for electrophysiology. The 3-D arrays constitute the front-end of a modular and configurable system architecture that enables monitoring neuronal activity with unprecedented scale and resolution.
Basics of Object-Oriented Programming

In the last chapter, we saw that the fundamental program structure in an object-oriented program is the object.We also outlined the concept of a class, which is similar to ADTs in that it can be used to create objects of types that are not directly supported by language. In this chapter, we describe in detail how to construct a class. We will use the programming language Java (as we will do throughout the book). We will introduce the Unified Modelling Language (UML), which is a notation for describing the design of objectoriented systems. We also discuss interfaces, a concept that helps us specify program requirements and demonstrate its uses.
Modelling recruitment in a spatial context: A review of current approaches, simulation evaluation of options, and suggestions for best practices

Abstract Many, if not most, stocks of fish and invertebrates subject to commercial, recreational or subsistence harvesting exhibit some degree of spatial heterogeneity. This can be due to a lack of complete movement within a single biological population or due to the assessed region consisting of multiple sub-stocks. In principle, assessments for stocks for which the assumption of homogeneity is violated should be based on population dynamics models that are spatially-explicit. There are, however, relatively few stocks for which multi-stock/multi-area assessments are conducted. However, the number of assessments in which space is explicitly represented in the population dynamics model has been increasing in recent years and such models are available for fish stocks such as New Zealand hoki and canary rockfish off the US west coast, as well as invertebrates such as the rock lobsters off southern Australia and New Zealand. A challenge within such spatially-explicit assessments pertains to how recruitment and movement are modelled. This paper reviews assessments for fish and invertebrate stocks that are based on spatially-explicit models, identifying the challenges associated with modelling recruitment caused by increased model and parameter estimation complexity, and the available solutions. A set of illustrative simulations are undertaken to evaluate the consequences of different assumptions regarding spatial recruitment and movement, and hence develop some recommendations for best practice guidelines.
Effect of Repeated Ingestion on Temporal Perception of Bitterness in Beer

The effect of repeated beer ingestion on perception of bitterness was investigated via a computerized time-intensity method. In a first experiment, five successive time-intensity measurements of bi...
Abnormal Recovery from Acute Stress in Huntingtons Disease Mice

Deposited here are Excel files containing the data that compose several figures used in the referenced paper.
Strategic planning for implementation of Commission on Cancer standard 3.3 in a tertiary academic center.

58Background: The Commission on Cancer (CoC) enacted a new accreditation standard (3.3) in 2012 to ensure cancer survivors treated with curative intent receive a Treatment Summary and Survivorship ...
On the Existence of Resonant States

These remarks ought to contribute to a simple but consistent form expressing quantummechanical. resonant states. They consider a well known feature, which in this context will be referred to as the “paradox of resonance”. It has been used in many ways in order to show the inadequacy of quantumdynamical forms. The procedure developed here exploits some properties of the semigroups appropriate for the decay.
Brief History of a One-Dimensional Ground State Wave Function

We present a brief discussion of a class of one-dimensional ground state wavefunctions. First, we review older results, then summarize very recent results of Haldane and Shastry, follow with a reappreciation of a paper of Gaudin, and finish with new results of our own.
Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) Risk: Should We Target College Women?

Recent changes by the American Heart Association identify screening guidelines for CVD risk factors for those in their early twenties. Research on CVD has focused on adult populations 40 and over. If risk is identified at an earlier age, then preventative behaviors can be established to prevent the onset and prevalence of CVD. This study was conducted to identify college students’ awareness of early screening for and knowledge of CVD risk factors. Specifically, this study examined differences between men, women, and risk perception. Participants were 403 college students (male = 137; female = 266) between the ages of 18 and 25 that completed a questionnaire measuring knowledge and awareness of CVD risk. Results showed that college students had limited knowledge of CVD risk, specifically signs and symptoms. A majority of the participants identified awareness of early screening guidelines. Women rated cancer as the leading cause of death more frequently than men did. Further results indicated men continue to be more knowledgeable and aware of CVD risk. Practitioners and health educators need to use existing literature and new CVD guidelines in the United States to develop prevention programs and strategies. Prevention strategies and education should be specifically targeted toward young women and adults.
The adolescent varicocele. A histopathologic study of 13 testicular biopsies.

Testicular varicocele, the most common cause of male infertility, frequently presents in early adolescence. To determine whether testicular damage occurs early in the natural history of varicocele, testicular biopsy specimens from 13 patients, 13 to 18 years of age (mean age, 1S.S years), were studied. The biopsies were compared with testicular tissue from six normal control subjects 15 to 28 years of age (mean age, 23.2 years). Nine of the patients with varicoceles (69.2%) demonstrated some degree of tubular sclerosis. Ultrastructural study demonstrated that the tubular sclerosis was due to collagen deposition by fibromyocytes in the peritubular sheath. Premature germ cell sloughing was present in greater than 50% of tubules examined in all but one biopsy. Six patients (46%) demonstrated small vessel sclerosis. Quantitation of the germinal epithelium revealed that the mean germ cell/Sertoli cell ratio and the percentage of germ cells present as late stage forms (secondary spermatocytes, spermatids and spermatozoa) were significantly reduced in the varicocele group. The testes of two patients exhibited severe hypospermatogenesis approaching germ cell aplasia. None of these changes were seen in the control group. The authors conclude that pathologic changes in the testes of patients with varicoceles are found at or soon after puberty. The histopathologic features include peritubular sclerosis, small vessel sclerosis, premature germ cell sloughing, and variable degrees of hypospermatogenesis.
HDL-cholesterol: is it really good? Differences between apoA-I and HDL.

Abstract Since the very first report showing the regression of established atherosclerotic lesions by means of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) plasma fraction, much information has been generated about the protective role of HDL-C in atherosclerosis. Nonetheless, this positive point of view about HDL has been nearly surpassed since modern informations concerning torcetrapib have appeared. Disappointment was palpable when its pivotal morbidity-and-mortality clinical trial, ILLUMINATE, was abruptly stopped due to excess mortality amongst the group randomized to receive torcetrapib. In this work we will try to put things in perspective. Lowering low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels with statins is a proven strategy for reducing the cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Despite the impressive benefits of statins, there remain a significant proportion of treated patients in which cardiovascular events are not prevented. Low HDL-C levels are an important independent risk factor for CVD. There is a need to develop suitable therapies to reduce this residual risk through HDL-C related mechanisms. Therefore, we will first review HDL-C pathways and we will subsequently state the new pharmacological approaches to HDL-C metabolism.
Characterizing External Resistive, Inductive and Capacitive Loads for Micro-Switches

Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) switches offer much lower power consumption, much better isolation, and lower insertion loss compared to conventional field-effect transistors and PIN diodes however, the MEMS switch reliability is a major obstacle for large-volume commercial applications [1]. To enhance reliability, circuit designers need simple and accurate behavioral models of embedded switches in CAD tools to enable system-level simulations [2]. Where Macro-switch researchers assess electric contact performance based on the type of load that is being switched, in MEMS literature, micro-switch performance and reliability is characterized by testing the devices under “hot-switched” or “cold-switched” load conditions; simple models are developed from the “hot” and “cold” characterizations. By applying macro-switch performance characterization techniques, i.e. examining reliability based on the type of load that is being switched, clear characterizations of “hot” switching and “cold” switching external resistive, capacitive, and inductive loads are produced. External resistive loads were found to act as current limiters and should be suitable under certain criteria for reducing current density through the contact area and thus limiting device failure to mechanical failure modes. Alternatively, external capacitive loads increased current density under “hot” switching conditions at the moment the micro-switch closes; which increases the risk for material transfer and device failure. Under DC conditions, the inductive loads had little effect in either “hot” or “cold” switching environments.
Nitrous Oxide Promoted Pauson–Khand Cycloadditions

A Pauson–Khand cycloaddition of alkynes, alkenes, and carbon monoxide promoted by cobalt carbonyl and nitrous oxide to furnish cyclopentenones is described. Preliminary mechanistic experiments suggest that nitrous oxide functions in a manner similar to that of the N-oxide promoters typically employed in Pauson–Khand reactions. Only dinitrogen and carbon dioxide are produced as a consequence of the activation mechanism, thus avoiding high-molecular-weight reagents and the buildup of basic byproducts. The chemistry is done using equimolar amounts of alkyne, alkene, and dicobalt octacarbonyl and is performed directly from the acetylenic component without the need to presynthesize a cobalt-alkyne complex. Terminal acetylenes were suitable substrates, as was solid calcium carbide, and the corresponding adducts were isolated in good yields. Furthermore, two sequential [4 + 3] and [2 + 2+1] cycloadditions were performed, generating functionalized cyclopentenones in only two steps from readily available starting ...
Vaccination in Organ Transplant Patients

Vaccines are an essential component of protection against infection after solid organ transplantation for both children and adults. Unfortunately, many transplant recipients are undervaccinated. In general, vaccination before transplantation results in better immunologic response, and the period before transplant is a special opportunity to provide protection for this vulnerable population. Live vaccines, such as MMR, varicella/zoster, nasal influenza, yellow fever, oral polio, and others are generally contraindicated after transplant. While the immunologic response induced by vaccination may be less robust in this population, due to exogenous immunosuppression, organ disease, and other comorbidities, this protection may be sufficient to protect or attenuate disease. Various individual vaccines are discussed in detail in this review.
Self-Help and Development Planning in the Yemen Arab Republic

Virtually all contemporary development strategies stress the importance of participation by working people in both policy formation and the benefits of economic growth. Development requires capital formation for investment in the social and economic infrastructures. Norman T. Uphoff and Milton J. Esman's comparison of eighteen Asian local development organization systems offers the conclusion that horizontal and vertical linkages between and among institutions are the key to the strength of local organizations. In addition, local organizations should be evaluated in terms of their relevance to certain critical development functions: planning and goal-setting, administration and interest articulation, resource mobilization, and especially, the provision and integration of services. Uphoff and Esman have identified a number of structural characteristics associated with the more viable developmental organizations capable of promoting relatively equitable access to services. Local development activities in the Yemen Arab Republic have made a major contribution to the extension of rudimentary services to towns, villages and hamlets.
Adjudicating Beyond the Scope of Ordinary Business: Why the Inaccessibility Test in Zubulake Unduly Stifles Cost-Shifting During Electronic Discovery

Introduction 258 I. Bearing the Burden of Costs in Electronic Discovery 260 A. General Rules Regulating Electronic Discovery 261 B. Electronic Discovery is Distinct from Traditional Discovery 266 C. Background of Cost-Shifting Jurisprudence 271 1. The difference between inaccessible and accessible data 275 2. Uncertainty when data is not in usable form 277 3. Sampling inaccessible data predicts the costs of production 278 D. The Tipping Factor: Cost-Shifting During Electronic Discovery 280 1. Granting cost-shifting for unduly burdensome requests 281 2. Denying cost-shifting in favor of broad discovery .......282 II. Comparative Analysis of the Undue Burden Test Versus the Inaccessibility Requirement 284 A. The Undue Burden Test 285 B. The Inaccessibility Test 287
An Overview of Audiological Test Results in Patients with Commissurotomy

Many studies, spanning over two decades, have been published on sensory aspects of commissurotomized patients. The majority of studies have centered on tactile and visual perception (Gazzaniga and Freedman, 1973; Gazzaniga et al., 1975). Comparatively little data are available on audition in the split- brain subject. Although a few studies have shown some impressive trends in terms of auditory processing deficits in these patients (Sparks and Geschwind, 1968; Milner et al., 1968; Springer and Gazzaniga, 1975; Risse et al., 1978), further documentation of auditory function is needed. In addition, more psychoacoustic test parameters need to be administered to better understand the effects of commissurotomy on not only central, but also peripheral auditory function.
Robust mission planning of UAV networks for environmental sensing

In this paper, we first investigate the quality of aerial air pollution measurements and characterize the main error sources of drone-mounted gas sensors. To that end, we build ASTRO+, an aerial-ground pollution monitoring platform, and use it to collect a comprehensive dataset of both aerial and reference air pollution measurements. We show that the dynamic airflow caused by drones affects temperature and humidity levels of the ambient air, which then affect the measurement quality of gas sensors. Then, in the second part of this paper, we leverage the effects of weather conditions on pollution measurements' quality in order to design a UAV mission planning algorithm that adapts the trajectory of the drones while taking into account the quality of aerial measurements. We evaluate our mission planning approach based on a VOC pollution dataset and show a high performance improvement that is due to the fine characterization of the measurement errors.
Workplace Bullying in Academia: A Case Study

Higher education has become highly commercialized, a form of academic capitalism with increasing number of private universities, short-term contracts for faculty, more teaching loads, and rising importance of administration with limited academic freedom. Academic environments have become places rampant with power, domination, and bullying. This chapter provides empirical evidence on the prevalence of workplace bullying within a college, where employees are pressurized and intimidated by their supervisors to accomplish organizational goals and objectives. All employees despite suffering from stress and humiliation unanimously agreed that bullying was an effective managerial control mechanism which had the support of the top administrators of their college.
Intersectional health disparities: the relationships between sex, race/ethnicity, and sexual orientation and depressive symptoms

This study uses Intersectionality-informed methods to quantitatively examine experiences of discrimination and depressive symptoms among historically marginalised populations. Using mediation model...
Hybrid Polymers for Gradient Refractive Index Lens

Herein we describe a modeling work on gradient refractive index (GRIN) lenses which could be fabricated from utilizing a mixture of a photocurable (Hydroxyethyl) methacrylate and epoxy prepolymer resins. Simulations based on the polymer properties show measurable and tunable optical properties such as spherical aberrations.
Planar Multibody Dynamics: Formulation, Programming and Applications

Planar Multibody Dynamics: Formulation, Programming, and Applications presents analytical concepts, computational issues, and programming techniques for analyzing mechanical systems. Using clear and accessible language, this book demonstrates how simple methodologies can be applied to complex systems. It provides complete computer programs for analysis as well as Web access for updates. Detailed discussions address numerical and computational issues. The author uses MATLAB throughout the text, from the fundamental aspects to more advanced features. The combination of analytical principles and application examples makes this book a unique resource for students and practicing engineers.
What Do Judges and Justices Maximize? (The Same Thing Everybody Else Does)

This article presents a positive economic theory of the behavior of appellate judges and Justices. The essay argues that the effort to insulate judges from significant economic incentives, through devices such as life tenure and stringent conflict of interest rules, has not rendered judicial behavior immune to economic analysis. Drawing on analogies to the managers of non-profit enterprises, to those who vote in political elections, and to theatrical spectators, the essay models the judicial utility function in terms that allows judges to be seen as ordinary people responding rationally to ordinary incentives. This model provides a theoretical alternative to the common view of judges as Prometheans or saints, and it suggests new ways of looking at such practical issues as the design of the judicial compensation system.
Chapter 14 Erythrocyte sugar transport

Publisher Summary The net sugar transport by human erythrocytes is the sum of two sequential processes—sugar translocation and reversible intracellular sugar binding. Sugar binding may occur either at endofacial GLUT1 sites or at a complex in very close association with the glucose transporter. Therefore, steady-state sugar transport measurements that report both translocation and binding steps cannot be used directly for modeling the translocation process in isolation. This process also illustrates the potential for control of net sugar transport by reversible recruitment of sugar binding complexes to the transporter—a process that occur in thymocytes, CHO cells and in macrophages. The interpretation of steady state sugar transport data must be carried out cautiously. It remains formally possible that the transport process can be modeled successfully by one or more of the hypothetical transport mechanisms. Exchange transport data, transport inhibition data, and ligand binding results suggest that the transport system does not function as a simple carrier but rather, can bind export and import ligands simultaneously.
OXIDATION RATES OF MAJOR FATTY ACIDS IN FASTING NEONATAL PIGS

Thirty-two pigs were used to compare the oxidation rates of uniformly labeled (U-14C) palmitic (16:0), stearic (18:0), oleic (18:1) and linoleic (18:2) acids in fasting neonatal pigs. The pigs were allowed to nurse the sow for 24 to 48 h following birth. Subsequently, they were removed, an indwelling catheter was surgically placed in the external iliac vein and the pigs were fasted for 12 h to attain a postabsorptive state. The 14C fatty acids were administered as a single infusion (10 microCi) via the catheter, and recovery of the label as expired 14CO2 was determined at 45-min intervals for a 6-h period. Blood samples were taken following the infusion (15, 60, 120, 240, 360 min) to monitor activity maintained within the free fatty acid (FFA) fraction of the plasma pool. The oxidation rate of each fatty acid was corrected for the difference in dose dilution using a uniform factor based on plasma concentration of 18:1. The cumulative 6-h 14CO2 recovery rates (percentage of dose) were 19.1, 6.6, 30.1 and 13.1% for 16:0, 18:0, 18:1 and 18:2, respectively. Oleic acid was oxidized at a more (P less than .05) rapid rate than the other fatty acids. Palmitic acid and 18:2 were oxidized more rapidly than 18:0, although the difference between 18:0 and 18:2 was not significant. Plasma FFA pools differed with respect to the proportion of infused activity remaining at various times after administration. At 60 and 120 min postinfusion, the greatest (P less than .05) proportion of activity was maintained in the 18:1 pool (11.9 and 6.6%, respectively, vs 7.7 and 4.3% for 16:0, 6.9 and 3.9% for 18:2 and 3.6 and 2.2% for 18:0). Palmitic acid and 18:2 had a greater (P less than .05) level of activity in the plasma FFA pool at 60 min than did 18:0. This same pattern was observed through 2 h, but by 240 min postinfusion, the proportion of activity remaining in each of the plasma pools was similar. Rate of oxidation appeared to corrrespond with plasma concentration and proportion of activity remaining in the plasma FFA pool.
Financial Education: Lessons Not Learned & Lessons Learned

This paper, prepared for a conference jointly sponsored by the Federal Reserve Bank of Boston and the CFA Institute's Research Foundation, first explains why financial literacy education has failed in its central aim to improve consumers' financial decisions through improving their financial knowledge and skills. It then sets forth five alternative pathways to consumer financial well-being suggested by analyses of programs that combine financial education with other interventions: improvement in math skills, financial advice, commitment devices and automaticity to overcome bounded willpower and bounded rationality, up-front penalties that deter consumers from purchasing particularly harmful financial products, and increased household assets/decreased household expenses. The paper concludes by suggesting how public policy might nurture each of these alternative pathways.
Komiks: Comic Art in Russia

Reviewed Medium: book Authors: Jose Alaniz Year: 2010 Pages: 288 Publisher: University Press of Mississippi ISBN: 978-1-60473-366-2 (hard cover). Prices: $38.00 USD(hard cover).
Parathyroids and Gastric Secretion

Summary The short-term injection of 13 normal subjects with parathyroid hormone in a total dose of 1000 units in 24 hours produced a significant increase in gastric secretory volume and total pepsin over control levels. The existence of this effect depends upon the assumption of a "first day effect" in explaining a portion of the data. The withdrawal of long-term parathyroid stimulation from 4 out of 5 hyperparathyroid patients by removal of parathyroid adenomas did not change gastric secretion. The 1 patient of the 5 who had a duodenal ulcer showed a postoperative decrease in gastric secretion. This finding raises the question of a varying response between individuals to hyperparathyroidism and keeps open the possibility of a secretory mechanism in the production of peptic ulcer in this disease; in general, however, gastric secretion is not changed by removal of a parathyroid adenoma. In 1 hypoparathyroid patient, gastric secretion was depressed at low levels of serum calcium; free acid was entirely absent when serum calcium was below 7.0 mg. per 100 ml. Free acid and pepsin activity were increased when the serum calcium was restored to normal levels. The findings in a series of 5 subjects made hypercalcemic with intravenous calcium gluconate suggest that hypercalcemia augments the production of pepsin, gastric secretory volume, and free acid, possibly by increasing the blood supply to the mucosa. In summary, notwithstanding the stimulatory effects of acute hypercalcemia and parathyroid hormone, the unaltered secretion in our patients with hyperparathyroidism leads us to believe that the ulcerogenic factor in this disease is not hypersecretion.
Empirical Implications of Analyst Forecast Dispersion to the Information Dynamics of Valuation Models: A Two Stage Approach

Ohlson (1995) models firm value as a function of abnormal earnings, net book value and other unspecified information. Ohlson (2001) proposes consensus analyst forecasts as a proxy for the previously unspecified other information in his model, which we test using a two stage approach. The first stage identifies information in analyst forecasts that is reflected in current earnings and net book value, and the second stage regresses the first-stage residuals as the proxy for other new information. Our initial results using price-levels regressions concur with Dechow et al.'s (1999) findings that short-run consensus analyst forecasts are effective proxies for other information, and that the proposed model is no more descriptive than capitalizing short-run forecasts in perpetuity. We find that with high forecast dispersion, however, the effectiveness of analyst forecasts as well as the association between earnings and market values are diminished. Overall, we find that the descriptive ability of both the Ohlson model and the capitalized forecast model is dampened with high forecast dispersion, but the dampening is more severe for the capitalized forecast model, suggesting that the descriptive ability of Ohlson's valuation framework is strongest, relative to capitalized analyst forecasts, when uncertainty and information asymmetry are most severe. In contrast to our (and Dechow et al.'s) price-levels regression results, we find with returns regressions that Ohlson's model is consistently and significantly more descriptive than a model that simply capitalizes changes in analyst forecasts.
Reaching older adults with nutrition education: Lessons learned during the partners in wellness pilot project

Abstract Older Americans are at increased risk for malnutrition. Yet, health promotion efforts often fail to reach them. Studies suggest that existing channels (e.g., organized sites/systems such as churches, clubs, or schools) might be used to reach a hard-to-reach audience with information. Partners in Wellness: A Pilot Program Using a Holistic Approach to Improve the Nutritional Status of Older Adults at Congregate Nutrition Sitesused congregate nutrition sites as channels to deliver nutrition education programming to decrease the risk of malnutrition among food-stamp eligible or food-stamp recipient older adults. This paper identifies issues, both facilitating factors and barriers, in designing and conducting effective educational programming for older adults.
MOF-like supramolecular network of Mn 3 single-molecule magnets formed by extensive π–π stacking

Abstract [Mn3O(dhb)3(mpko)3](ClO4) (4) has been obtained from the carboxylate substitution reaction of triangular [Mn3O(O2CMe)3(mpko)3](ClO4) (mpkoH = methyl(2-pyridyl)ketone oxime) with 3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (dhbH). Complex 4 possesses an equilateral triangle [Mn3O]7+ core with the dhb− and mpko− ligands on opposite sides of the Mn3 plane. All dhb− and mpko− groups are involved in π–π stacking interactions with those on neighboring Mn3 molecules to give a 3-D supramolecular network resembling a metal–organic framework (MOF), with periodic voids resulting from a repeating unit comprising an [Mn3]8 rhombohedron. Variable-temperature, solid-state magnetic susceptibility studies in the 5.0–300 K temperature range reveal the predominance of antiferromagnetic inter-Mn3 exchange couplings. Alternating current magnetic susceptibility studies on 4 show that the single-molecule magnet (SMM) behavior characteristic of [Mn3O(O2CR)3(mpko)3]+ complexes has been lost. This work demonstrates that constructing MOF-like networks from SMMs by weak interactions is feasible but that even these can introduce significant inter-SMM exchange interactions that weaken or destroy the SMM properties.
Thallium(I) 1‐Propanethiolate

[58587-01-2] C3H7STl (MW 279.55) InChI = 1S/C3H8S.Tl/c1-2-3-4;/h4H,2-3H2,1H3;/q;+1/p-1 InChIKey = YFBIYLHHHJUAMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M (nucleophile; reagent for preparation of thiol esters) Solubility: sol in organic solvents. Form Supplied in: can be readily prepared in situ. Drying: can be dried under vacuum. Preparative Methods: can be readily prepared starting from 1-propanethiol and thallium(I) ethoxide.1 Handling, Storage, and Precautions: the compound should be stored in a dark bottle under argon. All thallium compounds are extremely toxic to inhalation, skin contact, and ingestion. Toxicity is cumulative. Extreme caution should be used when handling these materials. Use in a fume hood.
Nursing Care of the Human with Cognitive Loss

I have always believed that what we call something determines our attitude toward it. Perhaps a rose by any other name would smell as sweet, but when we refer to something as rose-like we add the softness of velvety petals and dewy fragrance of early morning and an illusion of beauty. For this reason I have deplored our use of the word patient in referring to the human being who must adapt to a new life with diminished cognitive resources. I believe that by emphasizing his humanity we stress the positive aspects in him, and think in terms of assets rather than liabilities. When we speak of dementia we are forgetting the person and emphasizing the pathology. When I hear someone refer to the Alzheimer’s patient I cringe, for I realize that for the speaker, the humanity no longer exists, only the disease. This is the reason for the title being distorted. It is my own concept of how as nurses we should view the problem we face.
How High Should They Jump? An Empirical Method for Setting Municipal Financial Ratio Performance Benchmarks

Heightened concerns regarding the financial sustainability of local councils have resulted in an increasing reliance by municipal regulators on financial ratio performance benchmarking. However, these benchmarks are often assigned without explicit justification and despite a paucity of empirical evidence. Furthermore, regulators typically allocate a single performance benchmark across an entire local government system despite the fact that individual councils may face entirely different operating environments. Failure to take account of the environmental challenges facing councils can result in inappropriate or unattainable performance benchmarks that may give rise to unintended consequences, such as the well-documented threshold effects. To address this problem, we develop an empirical method for allocating performance benchmarks with respect to the current level of performance and environmental constraints facing individual local authorities. We demonstrate this technique in a case study using data drawn from New South Wales local authority operating ratios.
Shaping Youth Discourse About Technology: Technological Colonization, Manifest Destiny, and the Frontier Myth in Facebook's Public Pedagogy

As youths spend more time engaged in social media and informal learning experiences online, they interact with the public pedagogy of technological spaces. The public pedagogy of technological spaces, specifically Facebook, functions to create a habitus for the way youths act and respond in digital discourses and digital culture. This article contends that Facebook's public pedagogy seeks to shape how young people view technology, and we examine the rhetorical strategies Facebook uses to both normalize and celebrate its vision of current cultural changes. We illustrate how through its discourse, specifically through a construction of a modern-day version of the frontier myth, Facebook seeks to craft users with particular dispositions who behave in particular ways online, and how it disciplines dissent on its site.
The role of HER3, the unpretentious member of the HER family, in cancer biology and cancer therapeutics.

Many types of human cancer are characterized by deregulation of the human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER) family of tyrosine kinase receptors. In some cancers, genomic events causing overactivity of individual HER family members are etiologically linked with the pathogenesis of these cancers, and constitute the driving signaling function underlying their tumorigenic behavior. HER3 stands out among this family as the only member lacking catalytic kinase function. Cancers with driving HER3 amplifications or mutations have not been found, and studies of its expression in tumors have been only weakly provocative. However, substantial evidence, predominantly from experimental models, now suggest that its non-catalytic functions are critically important in many cancers driven by its’ HER family partners. Furthermore, new insights into the mechanism of activation in the HER family has provided clear evidence of functionality in the HER3 kinase domain. The convergence of structural, mechanistic, and experimental evidence highlighting HER3 functions that may be critical in tumorigenesis have now led to renewed efforts towards identification of cancers or subtypes of cancers wherein HER3 function may be important in tumor progression or drug resistance. It appears now that its failure to earn the traditional definition of an oncogene has allowed the tumor promoting functions of HER3 to elude the effects of cancer therapeutics. But experimental science has now unmasked the unpretentious role of HER3 in cancer biology, and the next generation of cancer therapies will undoubtedly perform much better because of it.
Transient Effects in Fluorescence Quenching Measured by 2-GHz Frequency-Domain Fluorometry.

We used harmonic-content frequency-domain fluorometry to investigate the quenching of indole fluorescence by iodide and acrylamide in aqueous solution. The time-resolved intensity decays were recovered from the frequency response of the fluorescence emission, measured over a frequency range from 10 to 2000 MHz. In the absence of collisional quenching the decay of indole in water is predominately a single exponential. The intensity decays became increasingly nonexponential when quenched by either iodide or acrylamide. We attribute the complex decays to transient effects, as predicted originally by Smoluchowski. At quencher concentrations below 0.1 M the decays are of the form exp(-t/τ - 2bt1/2), which is known to be an approximate model. At quencher concentrations above 0.1 M this decay law does not account for the data. The data are in better agreement with the radiation model, and the diffusion coefficients and interaction radii are more reasonable. However, in aqueous solution above 0.5 M acrylamide there appear to be deviations from the radiation model. The deviations are less apparent at high iodide concentrations. For comparison with future theoretical developments, the intensity decay laws are reported up to 0.5 M iodide or 0.7 M acrylamide. Evidently, the resolution and sensitivity of the frequency-domain method are adequate to recover the complex subnanosecond decays found at high concentrations of quenchers.
Recombinant human brain-derived neurotrophic factor (rHuBDNF). Disulfide structure and characterization of BDNF expressed in CHO cells

Three disulfide linkages of recombinant human brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were determined by peptide sequence analysis and characterized by mass spectrometry. The three disulfide bonds for BDNF expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells include Cys-13-Cys-80, Cys-58-Cys-109 and Cys-68-Cys-111, and the disulfide structure was homologous to that of nerve growth factor.
Approximating the number of unique values of an attribute without sorting

Abstract Counts of unique values are frequently needed information in database systems. Especially, they are essential in query optimization and physical database design. Traditionally, exact counts were obtained by sorting, which is an expensive operation. In this paper we present three algorithms for counting unique values by probabilistic methods. These algorithms require only one pass over the data, and produce approximations to the true count with certain standard deviations. For deviations acceptable in practical environments (~10%), the algorithms require only modest amounts of memory space and computation time. We have implemented all three algorithms in System R. We also present the results of the experiments on accuracy and performance of these algorithms.
Congenital anomalies associated with maternal exposure to oxydemeton-methyl

Thirty-five workers became ill after they entered a cauliflower field contaminated with residues of three different insecticides, the organophosphates oxydemeton-methyl (Metasystox-R) and mevinphos (Phosdrin), and a carbamate, methomyl (Lannate). One crew member was pregnant with a 4-week-old fetus. At birth, the 3200-g female infant had multiple cardiac defects, bilateral optic nerve colobomas, microphthalmia of the left eye, cerebral and cerebellar atrophy, and facial anomalies. The cardiac defects included ventricular and atrial septal defects, stenosis of the pulmonary artery, and a patent ductus arteriosus. The child died at 14 days of age. There was no family history of birth defects, nor any maternal risk factor present, except that doxylamine (Bendectin) had been prescribed at 9 weeks fetal age. It is unlikely that doxylamine was responsible for the observed anomalies. Of the three chemicals involved, reproductive effects in test organisms have been observed only with oxydemeton-methyl. This case represents the first report of human malformations associated with prenatal exposure to this chemical. Further studies may be warranted to determine if a causal relationship exists.
Challenges in Blood Flow Simulation: Numerical Methods and Image Processing Tools

We report on recent results in modeling ocular blood flow (some parts were presented at ARVO 2013 [1]). For this simulations we used discrete exterior calculus based numerical methods. These methods aim to preserve the main features of the original analytical equations and are very suitable for curved surfaces. We will discuss the model and present the numerical methods. We will also give an overview of existing/available segmentation methods to extract the vascular tree from given retina images and our plans how to use them as a front end to our model.© 2013 ASME
Subcellular myocardial ionic shifts and mitochondrial alterations in the course of isoproterenol-induced cardiopathy of the rat ☆

Abstract Ion concentrations (Ca, Mg, K, Na) of whole tissue homogenate and subcellular fractions (debris, mitochondria, supernatant fluid) were measured in hearts of control and experimental rats killed at different times ( 1 2 , 1, 3, 11, 24 and 48 h) after the subcutaneous injection of a large single dose (40 mg/kg) of isoproterenol. Myocardial mitochondrial preparations were electronmicroscopically examined and compared. The ion content and distribution followed a pattern of early (1 h) and delayed (3 to 24 h) changes. In the early phase, a mitochondrial Mg decrease was accompanied by a Ca increase, with return to normal of both after 1 h. During the delayed phase, mitochondrial Ca rose steadily, with peak at 24 h and return to control levels at 48 h. Except for a Na increase at 11 h, other mitochondrial ions remained unchanged. Most mitochondria of the experimental hearts were of orthodox configurations as compared to the condensed control organelles. It is speculated that the increased mitochondrial calcium concentration and resulting orthodox transformation may impair the ability of the cardiac cells to produce needed high-energy phosphate compounds.