cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Parents' Views of Existing and Needed Supports and Resources for Families of Children With Autism

evidence-based nursing care in the provision of family-centered care to children and their families. Methods: The process of evidence-based practice (EBP) includes clarifying the question, collecting best evidence, making critical appraisal of the evidence, integrating the evidence with providers' clinical expertise and patient and family preferences, and evaluating the plan of care. The presentation will demonstrate clarifying the question, finding the evidence, rating the evidence, implementing and testing the evidence for your practice setting. Findings: Several examples from clinical practice in several children's hospitals will be included: family-centered care in an infant and toddler unit, family presence during failed resuscitation, ventilator bundles to prevent pneumonia and create evidence-based policies and procedures, and the development of an obesity prevention practice guideline for pediatric nurse practitioners. Discussion: EBP is a systematic approach to problem solving using the best evidence currently available for clinical decision making. Nurses who practice in a variety of clinical settings will benefit from learning the principles of EBP and the process for searching for the best evidence to guide their practice.
Location Privacy and Attacker Knowledge: Who Are We Fighting against?

Location privacy research has received wide attention in the past few years owing to the growing popularity of location-based applications, and the skepticism thereof on the collection of location information. A large section of this research is directed towards mechanisms based on location obfuscation. The primary motivation for this engagement comes from the relatively well researched area of database privacy. Researchers in this sibling domain have indicated multiple times that any notion of privacy is incomplete without explicit statements on the capabilities of an attacker. The question we ask in the context of location privacy is whether the attacker we are fighting against exists or not. In this paper, we provide a classification of attacker knowledge, and explore what implication does a certain form of knowledge has on location privacy. We argue that the use of cloaking regions can adversely impact the preservation of privacy in the presence of approximate location knowledge, and demonstrate how perturbation based mechanisms can instead be useful.
Investigation of Ground and Maintenance Crew Noise Exposure for the Royal Canadian Air Force CH-147F Helicopter

Rotary aircraft maintenance personnel, similar to helicopter aircrew, are exposed to high noise levels while working in and around aircraft. The noise environment may include tonal rotor noise, high frequency engine, transmission and hydraulic systems noise as well as broadband noise. Prolonged exposure may lead to hearing loss if the designated hearing protection is inadequate or improperly fitted. A thorough interior and exterior noise exposure measurement campaign was conducted on the Royal Canadian Air Force’s CH-147F helicopter. A number of representative operational states for maintenance and tarmac conditions were investigated and referenced to the Canadian Aviation Occupational Health and Safety Regulations. The results were analyzed to determine the acoustic performance of ground maintenance crew hearing protection equipment.
Latent Semantic Analysis Models on Wikipedia and TASA

This paper introduces a collection of freely available Latent Semantic Analysis models built on the entire English Wikipedia and the TASA corpus. The models differ not only on their source, Wikipedia versus TASA, but also on the linguistic items they focus on: all words, content-words, nouns-verbs, and main concepts. Generating such models from large datasets (e.g. Wikipedia), that can provide a large coverage for the actual vocabulary in use, is computationally challenging, which is the reason why large LSA models are rarely available. Our experiments show that for the task of word-to-word similarity, the scores assigned by these models are strongly correlated with human judgment, outperforming many other frequently used measures, and comparable to the state of the art.
The Sun Also Rises: The Political Economy of Sunset Provisions in the Tax Code

This Article provides an overview and critical analysis of sunset provisions in the tax code, and through examination of the political pressures that led to their striking transformation, also reveals disturbing points of vulnerability in the legislative process. It concludes that, contrary to one of the primary justifications for the enactment of sunset provisions - that these provisions reduce the influence exerted on lawmakers by interest groups - sunsets may instead further politicize the legislative process and, due to their mechanics, increase the likelihood of inefficient social outcomes. The history of sunset provisions in tax legislation also illuminates the complex, multidirectional, and often dramatic interaction between the budgetary process and other political ends. Additionally, it suggests that, when budgetary and tax legislative processes intersect, budgetary concerns supplant debate over and achievement of traditional tax policy goals. First, this Article explores how sunset provisions in recent tax legislation serve to avoid checks on legislative behavior in the budget process and, post-enactment, further affect the budget process in myriad ways. Next, it demonstrates that the continual termination of certain tax benefits and burdens creates opportunities for politicians to extract votes and campaign contributions from those parties who are affected by the threatened provision. And, because lobbying on behalf of legislation requires significant resources, sunset provisions reward well-connected and well-resourced players, an advantage which increases across time, in the competition for the extension of sunsetted legislation. Accordingly, the availability of sunset provisions may shape tax legislation to benefit only those groups that have the concentration of interests sufficient to motivate such long-term rent extraction. Finally, through analysis of the "kill the code" proposals advocating the sunset of the entire tax code and of the fallout from the use of sunsets in recent tax acts, this Article revisits the democratic rationales for sunsets. Concluding that the inherent attributes of these provisions do not impart legislative flexibility or ensure efficient, restrained lawmaking - and that they instead lend themselves to all the aforementioned pathologies - this Article casts doubt upon the legitimacy of sunset provisions as legislative tools.
ID: 86: SAFETY OF 50,000-100,000 UNITS OF VITAMIN D3 PER WEEK IN VITAMIN D DEFICIENT, HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIC PATIENTS, WITH STATIN INTOLERANCE

Background In ∼85–90% of statin intolerant patients, vitamin D deficiency (serum 25 (OH) D Specific Aim In 274 statin intolerant patients, all with low entry serum vitamin D ( Results In the 385 patients with 3 month follow-up, taking mean 61,000 and median 50,000 IU of vitamin D3/week, median serum vitamin D rose from 20 to 42 ng/ml (p 100 ng/ml) but not toxic-high (>150 ng/ml) in 4 patients (1.0%) (101, 102, 106, 138 ng/ml). Median serum calcium was unchanged from entry (9.6 mg/dl) to 9.6 at 3 months. On vitamin D supplementation, the trend of change in serum calcium from normal-to-high or from high-to-normal did not significantly differ (McNemar S=1.0, p=0.32), and there was no significant trend in change of the calculated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) from entry to follow-up (McNemar S=2.6, p=0.11). In the 161 patients with 3 and 6 month follow-up, taking mean 67,000 and median 50,000 IU of vitamin D3/week, median entry serum vitamin D rose from 21 to 42 to 44 ng/ml (p 100 but 0.05). On vitamin D supplementation, the change in serum calcium from normal-to-high or high-to-normal was no significant trend (McNemar S=0.7, p=0.41), and no trend in change of eGFR (McNemar S=1.3, p=0.26). In the 58 patients with 3, 6, and 9 month follow-up on mean and median 71,000 and 100,000 IU of D3/week, median entry vitamin D rose from 20 to 37, 41, and 44 ng/ml (p In the 22 patients with follow-up at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months on mean and median 70,000 and 75,000 IU of D3/week, median serum vitamin D rose from 20 to 37, to 41, to 44, and to 43 ng/ml (p When serum D rose above 100 ng/ml in the few cases, as above, it fell into the normal range within 2 weeks by reducing the vitamin D dose by 50%. Conclusions When 50,000–100,000 units of vitamin D/week are given to reverse statin intolerance in statin intolerant patients with low entry vitamin D ( 150 ng/ml, and levels rarely >100 ng/ml, and without changes in serum calcium or eGFR.
Investigation on the antibiotic resistance of Escherichia coli isolates from healthy volunteers

Objective To investigate the antibiotic resistance of Escherichia coli isolates from healthy crowd. Methods 150 E. coli isolates were collected form faeces samples of healthy volunteers in Shenzhen City, Guangdong, China. E. coli was isolated and identified according to the Microbiology in Preventive Medicine and Inspection Technique. The antimicrobial susceptibility of the 150 E. coli isolates to the 15 antibiotics was determined by the Kirby-Bauer method based on the Performance Standards for Anti-microbial Susceptibility Testing recommended by NCCLS. Results The isolates were resistant to tetracycline (63.33%), nalidixan (49.33%), sulfamethoxazole (40.67%), ampicillin (38.67%) and trimethoprim+sulfamethoxazole (35.33%). But it was lower resistant to amikacin(0), aztreonam(0.67%) and cephalosporins(0～6.67%). Of all the isolates, 121 strains(80.67%) were resistant to 1 or more antibiotics, 87 strains(58.00%) were to over 2 kinds of antibiotics, 36 strains(24%) were to over 5 kinds of antibiotics, 2 strains were to 9 kinds of antibiotics. Conclusion The isolates of E. coli from healthy volunteers in Shenzhen are resistant to various antibiotics. We should strictly control the use of antibiotics and continue to do a good job of monitoring drug, so as to timely grasp of bacteria resistant to antibiotics changes.
The Case System in Modern China and Its Characteristics

There exists a great difference between the textual style together with the categorization of case reports and its application in modem China and those in modern America and Britain.
220 EXPOSURE TO HYPEROXIA CAUSES OXIDATIVE STRESS AND INCREASES APOPTOTIC-LIKE CELL DEATH IN THE MURINE DEVELOPING BRAIN.

Background Exposure to hyperoxia has been associated with significant perinatal morbidity such as retinopathy of prematurity and bronchopulmonary dysplasia but the effect of hyperoxia on the developing brain is less known. Studies have shown that hyperoxia results in apoptosis in the immature murine brain in several animal models. However, little is known about the effect of hyperoxia on neural progenitor/stem cells in the developing brain. Objectives To determine the effects of exposure to high (FiO 2 of 1.0) versus room air oxygen concentrations (FiO 2 of 0.21) on the neural progenitor/stem cells in newborn mice. Design/Methods Five-day-old transgenic mouse pups that express green fluorescent protein (GFP) under control of the nestin gene were randomized into 2 groups. Animals were subjected to either normoxic conditions (FiO 2 of 0.21) (n = 4) or hyperoxic conditions (FiO 2 of 1.0) (n = 4) for 90 min. Twenty-four hours after the experiment, pups were euthanized and their brains harvested, fixed, and cryosectioned. Apoptotic-like changes were assessed by terminal transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL).Oxidative stress was assessed by immunohistochemical methods using a monoclonal antibody against 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE), a lipid peroxidation product. Positive cells were counted in 20 different fields in 4 different slices per animal, including cortical region and ventricular zone. Results Neural cells showed weak and patchy HNE immunoreactivity in cortex and ventricular/subventricular zone (VZ) in control pups exposed to.normoxic conditions. Pups exposed to hyperoxic conditions showed marked increase in the intensity of immunoreactivity as well as the number of HNE+ cells, both in cortical (mean 6 SD: 568 6 164 vs 55.3 6 24; p = .0001) and VZ regions (311 6 103 vs 78 6 49; p = .01) On preliminary visual analysis the number of TUNEL+ cells appears to be higher after exposure to hyperoxia, with a five-fold increase compared to the normoxic pups. Furthermore, the number of nestin+ cells undergoing apoptotic-like changes also appears to be greater in the hyperoxia-exposed pups compared to the control group pups. Conclusions These preliminary results suggest that exposure to high oxygen concentration causes an increase in oxidative stress markers. High oxygen concentration exposure also appears to increase apoptosis in nestin+ cells, indicating the possible injurious effects of hyperoxia on neural progenitor/stem cells. We are continuing to investigate the behavior of neural stem cells exposed to hyperoxia in the developing brain.
An Exploration on the Evaluation Patterns of the Prescriptions in Out-patient Clinic and an Analysis of Irrational Prescriptions

Objective:In order to implement the "Prescription Management" and to improve the quality of prescriptions,a new policy to inspect the prescription was put into application in our hospital.Methods:Thirty percent of prescriptions were daily and randomly selected and inspected with this new method.Results:This new evaluation model improved the quality of the prescriptions.Unqualified and irrational prescription declined monthly from 4.11%(January,2009) to 3.18(April,2009).Although the quality of prescription improved,the rational use of drugs needed further concern.Conclusions:Clinical doctors and pharmacists should carry out the "Prescription Management" and get it improved so as to enhance their own professional skill and reduce irrational drug use.
Dictionary of Microscopy

The Dictionary of Microscopy is a comprehensive compilation of concise definitions of the most important terms used today in various areas of microscopy, including light microscopy, electron microscopy, scanning probe microscopy, and X-ray microscopy. Julian P. Heath prepared this dictionary in response to the huge advances in the development of microscopes and the broadening of their applications in the life and materials sciences during the past decades, which was paralleled by an expansion of the vocabulary of technical words. The dictionary contains over 2,500 definitions of specific terms used in modern microscopy.
Emerging Growth Economies in Sub-Saharan Africa:

The turning point for the recent growth in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) began in the mid-1990s. It, however, has not been uniform across the region. There are countries that have experienced sustained ...
Gradient flow source localization in noisy and reverberant environments

Gradient flow is a technique for localization of an acoustic source using miniature microphone arrays by relating temporal and spatial gradients of the impinging source signal. The performance of the gradient flow in noisy and reverberant environment is examined and quantified through simulations that incorporate additive measurement noise, directional interference signal and room acoustic model. The algorithm demonstrates robust performance for additive signal-to-noise ratio down to 5 dB and at the signal-to-interference ratio of 10 dB. In the echoic room, localization performance starts to deteriorate under moderate reverberation conditions. The experimental results from a miniature microphone array recordings in a conference-room environment verify the presented simulations.
Whitehead Memorial Lecture: Interface effects in the electrical response of non-metallic conducting solids and liquids

Two of the recent J. B. Whitehead Memorial Lecturers, J. G. Trump and Bernhard Gross, have discussed Whitehead the man, and Gross has touched on Whitehead's work on the anomalous properties of dielectrics, emphasizing and reiterating Whitehead's feeling about the great divergence between the points of view of experimentalists and theorists in the field.
AB0798 Can Anti-Osteoporotic Therapy Reduce Adjacent Fracture in Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Proven Acute Osteoporotic Vertebral Fractures?

Background Adjacent fracture of the cemented vertebrae may result from unfilled space left during the procedure or from crushed fragile trabeculae underneath the cement during follow-up, suggesting impaired bone marrow integrity of the injured vertebrae. Anti-osteoporotic therapy is reported to increase spinal, total hip, and femoral neck bone mineral density 1 . If treating osteoporosis does have a positive impact on adjacent fracture among patients who have undergone vertebroplasty, there will be several important potential implications for managing skeletal health specifically and for the health care of the elderly in general. Objectives This study aimed to determine if anti-osteoporotic therapy can decrease the risk of adjacent fracture in patients with acute vertebral fracture after vertebroplasty. Methods This retrospective study reviewed of cases of osteoporosis patients with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-proven acute vertebral fractures between 2001 and 2007. Osteoporotic patients were investigated as determined by pre-operative MRI with subsequent adjacent fracture of the cemented vertebrae and for the possibility of anti-osteoporotic therapy decreasing the progression of collapse after a minimum of 6 months follow-up. All associated co-morbidities were recorded, as well as the use of anti-osteoporotic drugs (i.e., alendronate, raloxifen, calcitonin, and teriparatide). Cox regression analysis was also performed. Results The 192 patients with acute vertebral fractures who underwent vertebroplasty and anti-osteoporotic therapy had a mean age of 74.40±6.41. The basic characteristics of patients with and without adjacent fracture differed in age, body mass index, rheumatoid arthritis, and use of glucocorticoids and anti-osteoporotic drugs (Table 1). Using the Kaplan-Meier curve, anti-osteoporotic therapy after vertebroplasty had a significant effect on adjacent fracture ( p =0.037, by log rank text). After adjusting for potential confounders, patients with anti-osteoporotic therapy still had a lower adjacent fracture rate than patients without anti-osteoporotic therapy ( p =0.006; HR: 2.137, 95% CI: 1.1238–3.690). The adjacent fracture rate also increased in old age ( p =0.019; HR: 1.049; 95% CI:1.008–1.039) and among smokers ( p =0.026; HR: 3.891; 95% CI: 1.175–12.890). Conclusions In this study, adjacent fracture of cemented vertebrae is inevitable after vertebroplasty but can be mitigated by anti-osteoporotic therapy to increase bone mass. References Center JR, et al. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011;96(4):1006–14. Disclosure of Interest None declared
Comprehensive analysis of glucose and xylose metabolism in Escherichia coli under aerobic and anaerobic conditions by 13C metabolic flux analysis

Glucose and xylose are the two most abundant sugars derived from the breakdown of lignocellulosic biomass. While aerobic glucose metabolism is relatively well understood in E. coli, until now there have been only a handful of studies focused on anaerobic glucose metabolism and no 13C-flux studies on xylose metabolism. In the absence of experimentally validated flux maps, constraint-based approaches such as MOMA and RELATCH cannot be used to guide new metabolic engineering designs. In this work, we have addressed this critical gap in current understanding by performing comprehensive characterizations of glucose and xylose metabolism under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, using recent state-of-the-art techniques in 13C metabolic flux analysis (13C-MFA). Specifically, we quantified precise metabolic fluxes for each condition by performing parallel labeling experiments and analyzing the data through integrated 13C-MFA using the optimal tracers [1,2-13C]glucose, [1,6-13C]glucose, [1,2-13C]xylose and [5-13C]xylose. We also quantified changes in biomass composition and confirmed turnover of macromolecules by applying [U-13C]glucose and [U-13C]xylose tracers. We demonstrated that under anaerobic growth conditions there is significant turnover of lipids and that a significant portion of CO2 originates from biomass turnover. Using knockout strains, we also demonstrated that β-oxidation is critical for anaerobic growth on xylose. Quantitative analysis of co-factor balances (NADH/FADH2, NADPH, and ATP) for different growth conditions provided new insights regarding the interplay of energy and redox metabolism and the impact on E. coli cell physiology.
Abstract P200: Transcriptional Regulation of tcap Conveys an Inhibitory Mechanotransductive Response to Modulate Cardiomyocyte Size

To sense and to respond to mechanical stimuli is a fundamental process of cardiomyocytes during both heart development and diseases. However, how mechanical stimuli control cardiomyocyte size remains elusive. Here, we report a novel inhibitory mechanotransductive response suggested by loss-of-functions studies of α-Actinin2 (Actn2), a predominant sarcomeric Z-disc protein. During zebrafish cardiogenesis, depletion of Actn2 results in a defective Z-disc, while other sarcomeric substructures remain normal. As a consequence, ventricle chamber size is severely reduced. Interestingly, this chamber size reduction can be rescued by the cessation of heart contraction, suggesting the involvement of an inhibitory mechanotransductive reponse. At the molecular level, both tcapa and tcapb, two zebrafish tcap homologues that are transcriptionally responsive to stretch, are transcriptionally activated in actn2 knockdown embryos while activation of these gene results in smaller cardiomyocytes. Depletion of either gene rescues the reduced cardiomyocyte size in actn2 knockdown embryos. Consistent to embryonic studies, tcaps are transcriptionally activated during pathogenesis of anemia-induced cardiomyopathy, while over expression of tcapa via transgenics exerts a cardioprotective effect. Together, we conclude that transcriptional regulation of tcaps conveys a novel inhibitory mechanotransductive response that modulates cardiomyocyte size during both zebrafish cardiogenesis and adult cardiac remodeling.
ENVIRONMENTAL ADAPTATION: THE ARCHITECTURE OF RUMAH KAPITAN AND MUSI RIVERSIDE

Palembang’s Chinese community began inhabiting Kampung Kapitan 7 Ulu following the issuance of a mandate by Sultan Abdurrahman, granting the Chinese the privilege to inhabit the dry lands by the Musi River. Following the migration to the dry lands, the Chinese community implemented different forms of adaptation to the natural and socio-cultural environment to survive on the Musi Riverside, including in the form of residential architectures. This research is a case study, aiming to explore, examine and discuss the process of environmental adaptation and the different aspects that affect the residential architectures on the Musi Riverside. Analysis is done on the architecture of Rumah Kapitan, studying from the morphological and typological point of view, consisting of its positioning and orientation against the Musi River, spatial order, architectural form, and tectonics system, all of which are the manifestation of adaptation to the natural and socio-cultural environment of the Musi Riverside. Keywords: adaptation; Musi riverside environment; Rumah Kapitan.
Balance of World-Systems and Neoempire

This chapter continues to illustrate the intersect of great and weak power grand strategies by submitting a new concept to the field of international relations: neoempire. Neoempire indicates the development of a new political unit that seeks to unite weak states under the banner of a great power. Led by a network of elites across involved states, neoempire signifies a shift from focus on states to consider new systemically creative actors that organize states into coherent economic and political blocs. These units organize production and trade into competing world-systems. World-systems theory provides an interesting lens to analyze state activity into this interesting new grouping.
Analytic model of 3D beam dynamics in a wakefield device

Abstract In this paper we suggest an analytic model, and derive simple formulas, for the beam dynamics in a wakefield structure of arbitrary cross-section. The results could be applied to estimate an upper limit of the projected beam size in devices such as the dechirper and the wakefield streaking device. The suggested formalism is also applicable to the case when slices of the beam are distributed along an arbitrary line in 3D.
Diffeomorphic Learning

We introduce in this paper a learning paradigm in which the training data is transformed by a diffeomorphic transformation before prediction. The learning algorithm minimizes a cost function evaluating the prediction error on the training set penalized by the distance between the diffeomorphism and the identity. The approach borrows ideas from shape analysis where diffeomorphisms are estimated for shape and image alignment, and brings them in a previously unexplored setting, estimating, in particular diffeomorphisms in much larger dimensions. After introducing the concept and describing a learning algorithm, we present diverse applications, mostly with synthetic examples, demonstrating the potential of the approach, as well as some insight on how it can be improved.
Dietary strategies to improve periparturient success of Holstein cows

80 INTRODUCTION 81 MATERIALS AND METHODS 82 Colostrum Sampling and Analysis 85 Water Analysis 85 Calculations 86 Statistical Analysis 86 RESULTS 87 DISCUSSION 88 CONCLUSION 93 CHAPTER 4: IMPLICATIONS 120 APPENDIX 124 LITERATURE CITED 141
Providing Medical Care to Diverse Populations

It is not yet evident how strong of an influence diversity holds on clinical decision-making or quality of care. What remains unclear is the manner in which disparate patient characteristics function. The associated cognitive procedures are complex. Affordable care, access to care, and compliance with recommended treatment are examples of factors that influence health outcomes, but fail to provide a definitive explanation for variations that deviate from the norm. Explanations for these differences are lacking. The capacity for race and ethnicity to influence treatment and resource allocations, for example, is a decision process open to interpretation. This is problematic because the ability to evaluate a clinical decision requires understanding the many interrelated elements that contribute to judgment. In the end, there exists the need to evaluate clinical choices and to understand the extent to which patient attributes have the power to influence those determinations. This chapter will tackle the challenge of what it means to provide culturally sensitive healthcare to arguably the most diverse population on the planet. Although the information provided is focused on the healthcare environment, the concepts discussed are relevant to educators, diversity trainers, and professionals from other social sciences.
Controlled charge and discharge of a 40-L monolithic adsorbed natural gas tank

The University of Missouri constructed a prototype adsorbed natural gas tank for low-pressure storage of methane on natural gas vehicles. The tank contains monolithic nanoporous carbon with storage capacities up to 0.11 kg methane/L carbon and 0.19 kg methane/kg carbon at 35 bar and 25 °C which is 4.5 times larger than a tank without any adsorption would store at 35 bar. In this paper, we report the performance characteristics of the tank under different charge and discharge protocols. The tank was found to be able to be reach 80% of its full capacity in 3 min with total filling times being better or comparable to electric vehicles. The ability to use different filling procedures to counteract the storage loss due to the 65+ °C temperature rise is also explored. Pressure control during discharges, using a proposed fuel extraction system, is also explored which resulted in doubling a car’s highway drivetime and discharge efficiencies of 90%. The temperature and storage evolution is also analyzed to give new insights on the dynamics of monolithic carbon systems which have not been extensively studied in the literature. The results support that adsorbed natural gas systems combined with an effective compressor, possibly also with switching from a cold tank module to a warm module, can become a viable alternative to compressed or liquefied natural gas.
Serotonin syndrome after electroconvulsive therapy for refractory depression

Serotonin syndrome is a toxicological entity with potential morbidity and mortality if unrecognized and untreated. Toxicity can occur after dose or increase or initiation of additional serotonergic...
Global Supply-Chain Networks and Corporate Social Responsibility

This paper examines the role of supply-chain relationships for the transmission of corporate Environmental and Social (E&S) policies, and the resulting impact on real E&S outcomes and firm performance. I show that E&S policies propagate from customers to suppliers, especially when customers have higher bargaining power and suppliers are in countries with lower ESG standards. This transmission mechanism matters: suppliers subsequently reduce their toxic emissions, litigation and reputation risk decreases, and financial performance improves. I use staggered E&S regulation changes around the world to establish causality. Global supply-chains act as a transmission mechanism for regulatory requirements and standards across borders.
Evolutionary Toxicogenomics of the Striped Killifish ( Fundulus majalis) in the New Bedford Harbor (Massachusetts, USA)

In this paper, we used a Genotyping-by-Sequencing (GBS) approach to find and genotype more than 4000 genome-wide SNPs (Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms) from striped killifish exposed to a variety of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and other aromatic pollutants in New Bedford Harbor (NBH, Massachusetts, USA). The aims of this study were to identify the genetic consequences of exposure to aquatic pollutants and detect genes that may be under selection. Low genetic diversity (HE and π) was found in the site exposed to the highest pollution level, but the pattern of genetic diversity did not match the pollution levels. Extensive connectivity was detected among sampling sites, which suggests that balanced gene flow may explain the lack of genetic variation in response to pollution levels. Tests for selection identified 539 candidate outliers, but many of the candidate outliers were not shared among tests. Differences among test results likely reflect different test assumptions and the complex pollutant mixture. Potentially, selectively important loci are associated with 151 SNPs, and enrichment analysis suggests a likely involvement of these genes with pollutants that occur in NBH. This result suggests that selective processes at genes targeted by pollutants may be occurring, even at a small geographical scale, and may allow the local striped killifish to resist the high pollution levels.
A Test of the Family Stress Model Using a Remarriage Sample

ABSTRACTThe family stress model delineates the connections between economic hardship, economic pressure, marital interactions, marital quality, and, finally, marital instability. This study evaluat...
Women and Development: From Homemakers to Nation Builders

The twenty-first century is the century of the women. No longer restricted to gendered defined roles, women now are in the workplace in large numbers, own and operate their own businesses, occupy most of the seats in universities and, increasing, have become major contributors to science and technology along with their customary careers in functioning as caregivers and education of others. The changes in the socioeconomic and political status of women are occurring very rapidly and are embracing women in all regions and cultures of the world. These changes have opened doors to women and girls that many never previously knew even existed and, in doing so, are ending centuries of discrimination and neglect of their capacities for leadership in all fields of human development. No longer are societies denying themselves the talents and skills that women and girls bring to their families and communities but also to national and international development.
Coarctation of the Aorta

Coarctation of the aorta can be recognized in most instances by simple findings of physical examination. The anomaly is one which carries a variable prognosis. The condition may be tolerated through a long life with little incapacitation or may be accompanied by early and serious complications in the form of cardiac failure, aortic rupture, or intracranial hemorrhage. In a high percentage of patients it is possible to remove the aortic block and establish a pathway of satisfactory size. A series of cases shows that there is an excellent chance of relieving hypertension by such surgery. Mortality rates for these operations have not been unduly high. Certain complicated types of cases carry too high a risk and should not be accepted for surgery.
The increasing menace of dengue in Guangzhou, 2001-2016: the most important epicenter in mainland China.

Dengue is the most prevalent mosquito-borne disease in the world, with China affected seriously in recent years. 65.8% of dengue cases identified in mainland China since 2005 were reported from the city of Guangzhou. In this study, we described the incidence rate and distribution of dengue cases using data collected form National Notifiable Infectious Disease Reporting Information System data in Guangzhou for 2001 to 2016. All dengue cases were investigated using standardized questionnaire. A total of 42,469 dengue cases were reported, with an average annual incidence rate of 20.99 per 100,000 resident population. Over this time period, the incidence rate of indigenous cases increased. Dengue affected areas also expanded sharply geographically from 58.1% of communities affected during 2001–2005 to 96.4% of communities affected in 2011–2016. Overall 95.30% of the overseas imported cases were reported during March and December, while 99.79% of indigenous cases were reported during July and November. All four dengue virus serotypes were identified both in imported cases and indigenous cases. The Aedes albopictus mosquito was the only vector for dengue transmission in the area. Guangzhou has become the dengue epicenter in mainland China. Control strategies for dengue should be adjusted to the epidemiological characteristics above and intensive study need to be conducted to explore the factors that driving the rapid increase of dengue.
Chapter 13 – Technology Mapping

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses technology-mapping algorithms for field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). It emphasizes state-of-the-art algorithms that have been, or most likely will be, reduced to practice. It discusses mapping algorithms for different objectives, such as area, timing, and power, as well as mapping algorithms that take advantage of heterogeneous resources in modern FPGA devices. Technology mapping is an essential step in an FPGA design flow. It is the process of converting a network of technology independent logic gates into a network comprising logic cells on the target FPGA device. Technology mapping has a significant impact on the quality of the final FPGA implementation. FPGA technology mapping has been and continues to be a subject of active research. A general trend is to integrate technology mapping with other steps in the FPGA design flow to improve the quality of final implementations. As semiconductor technologies advance, new FPGA architecture features are being introduced to improve area utilization, performance, and power consumption. For example, architectures have been introduced or proposed that use large lookup tables (LUTs) (much larger than traditional 4-/5-LUTs) or multiple supply voltages. New mapping techniques are being developed to take advantage of these architecture features.
Effect of Neuraxial Analgesic Procedures on Intraoperative Hemodynamics During Routine Clinical Care of Gynecological and General Surgeries: A Case–Control Query of Electronic Data

Background The purpose of this study was to determine whether neuraxial analgesic procedures affect intraoperative hemodynamics and/or postoperative outcomes. Previous studies have examined effects in small samples of patients in highly controlled research environments. This study examined "real-world" data from a large sample of subjects receiving routine clinical cares. Methods A matched case-control analysis of electronic medical records from a large, academic hospital was performed. Patients who underwent neuraxial procedures preoperatively for postoperative analgesia for abdominal surgery (n=1570) were compared with control patients matched according to age, sex, ASA class and type of surgical procedure. Intraoperative hemodynamic measures, fluids and pressor utilization were quantified. Postoperative outcomes were determined based on the changes in laboratory values, the ordering of imaging studies and admission to an intensive care unit during the seven days following surgery as well as 30-day mortality. Results Medical records of 1082 patients who received an epidural catheter placement and 488 patients who received a lumbar intrathecal morphine injection were compared with an equal number of matched control patients. Preoperative placement of an epidural catheter for the management of postoperative pain was demonstrated to be associated with significant reductions in mean arterial pressure intraoperatively and poorer postoperative outcomes (more intensive care unit [ICU] admissions, more myocardial injuries) when compared with controls. A similar analysis of preoperatively administered intrathecal morphine injections was not associated with intraoperative alterations in blood pressure and had improved outcomes (less ICU admissions) in comparison with controls. Conclusion In a "real﻿-world" sample, intrathecal morphine administration proved to be highly beneficial as a neuraxial analgesic procedure as it was not associated with intraoperative hypotension and was associated with improved clinical outcomes, in contrast to opposite findings associated with epidural catheter placement. There should be a careful consideration of elective neuraxial method utilized for postoperative pain control, with the present study raising significant concerns related to the use of epidural analgesia and its potential effect on clinical outcomes.
Ultrasonic elastography to assess biomechanical properties of the optic nerve head and peripapillary sclera of the eye.

Abstract Purpose To quantitatively investigate both optic nerve head (ONH) and peripapillary sclera (PPS) biomechanical properties of porcine eyes through an ultrasonic elastography imaging system in response to both increasing and decreasing intraocular pressure (IOP). Methods The Young’s modulus of the ONH and PPS were assessed using our high resolution ultrasonic imaging system which utilized a mechanical shaker to induce shear waves and an off-axis aligned 40 MHz needle transducer to track micron-level displacement along the direction of wave propagation. In this study, imaging on a total of 8 ex vivo porcine eyes preloaded with IOPs from 6 mmHg to 30 mmHg was performed. To have a better understanding of the effect of varying IOP on biomechanics, both increasing and decreasing IOPs were investigated. Results The increase of the Young’s modulus of ONH (92.4 ± 13.9 kPa at 6 mmHg to 224.7 ± 71.1 kPa at 30 mmHg) and PPS (176.8 ± 14.3 kPa at 6 mmHg to 573.5 ± 64.4 kPa at 30 mmHg) following IOP elevation could be observed in the reconstructed Young’s modulus of the shear wave elasticity (SWE) imaging while the B-mode structural images remained almost unchanged. In addition, for the same IOP level, both ONH and PPS have a tendency to be stiffer with decreasing IOP as compared to increasing IOP. Conclusions Our results demonstrate the feasibility of using our ultrasonic elastography system to investigate the stiffness mapping of posterior eye with high resolution in both increasing and decreasing IOPs, making this technique potentially useful for glaucoma.
Memory-efficient approximate three-dimensional beamforming

Localization of acoustic sources using a sensor array is typically performed by estimating direction-of-arrival (DOA) via beamforming of the signals recorded by all elements. Software-based conventional beamforming (CBF) forces a trade-off between memory usage and direction resolution, since time delays associated with a set of directions over which the beamformer is steered must be pre-computed and stored, limiting the number of look directions to available platform memory. This paper describes a DOA localization method that is memory-efficient for three-dimensional (3D) beamforming applications. Its key lies in reducing 3D look directions [described by azimuth/inclination angles ( ϕ , θ ) when considering the array as a whole] to a single variable (a conical angle, ζ) by treating the array as a collection of sensor pairs. This insight reduces the set of look directions from two dimensions to one, enabling computational and memory efficiency improvements and thus allowing direction resolution to be increased. This method is described and compared to CBF, with comparisons provided for accuracy, computational speedup, and memory usage. As this method involves the incoherent summation of sensor pair outputs, gain is limited, restricting its use to localization of strong sources—e.g., for real-time acoustic localization on embedded systems, where computation and/or memory are limited.
Mitigation of infectious disease outbreaks: Considerations for the marine and offshore industries

Similar to land-based facilities, marine and offshore assets can be exposed to outbreaks of infectious diseases. This is exemplified by the recent COVID-19 outbreak which has had a significant impact on both personnel health and normal operations of the assets. The occurrence and transmission of infectious diseases on marine and offshore assets can, however, be mitigated by appropriate physical arrangements on board and having operational procedures in place. This paper addresses the former. The effectiveness of operational measures can be significantly increased if infectious diseases are considered at the asset’s design stage. ABS has identified a lack of available technical guidance regarding physical arrangements that can help make marine and offshore assets safer for crews and reduce the spread of infectious diseases, such as COVD-19. This paper presents the best practices and recommendations for physical arrangements drawn mainly from the recognized standards for land-based medical facilities and applied to marine and offshore assets. The recommendations focus on specific spaces inside the accommodation block, their number, location, layout, ventilation, and interior surfaces. Isolation cabins with their associated anterooms are proposed as the most reliable way of isolating suspected or confirmed cases of an infectious disease from the rest of the personnel on board. Negative pressure, independent exhaust system, and easy to clean surfaces that are accessible and resistant to deterioration from frequent cleaning and disinfection are effective measures in containing the transmission of infectious diseases that are spread through the air or direct and indirect contact. The paper also emphasizes the need to promote segregation of the visitors from crew and passengers by providing designated spaces for the visitors and gives recommendations on the communication equipment needed for receiving medical advice from land-based medical specialists. If properly implemented and if augmented with robust operational measures, physical arrangement measures have the potential to significantly improve the safety of the crew, passengers, and visitors, as well as minimize the negative consequences of disruptions to normal asset operations. © TOS 2021.All right reserved.
Estimating Gains in HIV Testing by Expanding HIV Screening at Routine Checkups

Objectives. To estimate gains in the prevalence of individuals who had ever been tested for HIV overall and by subpopulations from increases in the percentage of persons who had a routine checkup a...
Surfacing Disability Through a Critical Race Theoretical Paradigm

This article explores some of the productive potential in bringing analysis and awareness of disability as a racialized construct, social location, and experience into Critical Race Studies.
Emerging Therapies for the Treatment of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome

The treatment of complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is challenging due to the complexity of the underlying pathophysiology. The focus of treatment emphasizes functionality and requires an interdisciplinary approach. Patients who do not respond timely to interdisciplinary treatment may require advanced interventional pain therapy including neuromodulation, which involves electrical stimulation of the nervous system. Here, we discuss both advancements in technology and emerging concepts in the future of CRPS therapies with a focus on stimulation of the spinal dorsal columns, dorsal root ganglia, peripheral nerves, and brain.
Biochemically distinct cohesin complexes mediate positioned loops between CTCF sites and dynamic loops within chromatin domains

The ring-like cohesin complex mediates sister chromatid cohesion by encircling pairs of sister chromatids. Cohesin also extrudes loops along chromatids. Whether the two activities involve similar mechanisms of DNA engagement is not known. We implemented an experimental approach based on isolated nuclei carrying engineered cleavable RAD21 proteins to precisely control cohesin ring integrity so that its role in chromatin looping could be studied under defined experimental conditions. This approach allowed us to identify cohesin complexes with distinct biochemical, and possibly structural properties, that mediate different sets of chromatin loops. When RAD21 is cleaved and the cohesin ring is opened, cohesin complexes at CTCF sites are released from DNA and loops at these elements are lost. In contrast, cohesin-dependent loops within chromatin domains and that are not anchored at CTCF sites are more resistant to RAD21 cleavage. The results show that the cohesin complex mediates loops in different ways depending on genomic context and suggests that it undergoes structural changes as it dynamically extrudes and encounters CTCF sites.
Late Pre-term Infants with Severe Bronchiolitis and Risk of Asthma by Age 5 Years

In a prospective, multicenter cohort of infants hospitalized with bronchiolitis, we found infants born late pre-term (ie, gestational age of 34-36.9 weeks) had 35% higher odds of having asthma by age 5 years compared with infants born at full-term.
Observations of atmospheric thermal radiation at Windsor, Ontario, Canada

Observations of atmospheric thermal radiation (longwave incoming radiationL ↓) were made from September 28, 1972 to October 22, 1972 and from November 12, 1973 to December 1, 1973 at the University of Windsor's weather station. Together with data on surface screen height air temperature, vapor pressure, cloud cover and type,L ↓ observations were analyzed in order to determine the nature of deviations from empirical formulae.