cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Autoassembly protein arrays for analyzing antibody cross-reactivity.

We report an autoassembly protein array capable of rapidly screening for aberrant antibody−antigen binding events. Our technique combines magnetic nanoparticle technology with proximity-based, magnetically responsive nanosensors for rapid (under 15 min) and high-density screening of antibody cross-reactivity at sensitivities down to 50 fM in a homogeneous assay. This method will enable the identification of the precise cause of aberrant or cross-reactive binding events in an easy-to-use, rapid, and high-throughput manner.
Thomson scattering in the presence of a weak magnetic field

Un developpement classique de la diffusion des parametres de Stokes caracterisant un faisceau de lumiere de polarisation arbitraire par des electrons localises dans un champ magnetique est presente. La geometrie consideree est celle d'une atmosphere plane-parallele et la dependance angulaire des fonctions sources est incluse pour un champ magnetique possedant une orientation arbitraire dans l'atmosphere. Les formules pour le degre approximatif de la polarisation et sa dependance en longueur d'onde sont donnees
Non-monotonicity of temporal recognition of brief duration.

Bow-shaped curves were obtained for correct judgments of five brief durations, regardless of whether judgment was of durations themselves or of the apparent brightness of the stimulus. The mechanism of subjective time was shown not to retain the directionality inherent in objective time.
Revisiting the use of secondary task reaction time measures in telepresence research: exploring the role of immersion and attention

In this experimental study, we use secondary task reaction time (STRT) to measure Attention to a media presentation and compare STRT to traditional self-report measures of Telepresence (immersion, social reality, spatial presence, and transportation) and enjoyment. Further, we compare the STRT measure with the composite items of Telepresence---Immersion. The results indicate that STRT may be useful for measuring some sub-dimensions of Telepresence. Implications are discussed.
Variation in soft winter wheat characteristics measured by the Single Kernel Characterization System

Kernel hardness is one of the key grain attributes considered in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) marketing in the USA. The objective of this research was to characterize the effects of cultivar, environment, and cultivar x environment interaction on kernel hardness as measured by the Single Kernel Characterization System. Kernel weight and width were also studied. Eleven soft winter wheat cultivars were grown in replicated trials in 19 environments in Michigan. All three traits were significantly (P < 0.01) affected by cultivar, environment, and cultivar x environment interaction. Variation for kernel hardness was large and continuous among cultivars and environments. Huhn's nonparametric stability statistic showed that there were no differences in rank stability of the cultivars. Principal component analysis of the cultivar x environment interaction effects showed that there were no consistent patterns of behavior for similar cultivars, locations, or seasons. The only significant and large correlation was kernel weight vs. kernel width (r = 0.89). These data suggest that one environment of testing or a composite sample of multiple environments may be sufficient to accurately rank cultivars for kernel hardness. The large magnitude of the environmental effects will make prediction of hardness of a given wheat crop difficult even when the cultivar is known.
The Surface Water and Ocean Topography Mission: Observing Terrestrial Surface Water and Oceanic Submesoscale Eddies

The elevation of the ocean surface has been measured for over two decades from spaceborne altimeters. However, existing altimeter measurements are not adequate to characterize the dynamic variations of most inland water bodies, nor of ocean eddies at scales of less than about 100 km, notwithstanding that such eddies play a key role in ocean circulation and climate change. For terrestrial hydrology, in situ and spaceborne measurements of water surface elevation form the basis for estimates of water storage change in lakes, reservoirs, and wetlands, and of river discharge. However, storage in most inland water bodies, e.g., millions of Arctic lakes, is not readily measured using existing technologies. A solution to the needs of both surface water hydrology and physical oceanography communities is the measurement of water elevations along rivers, lakes, streams, and wetlands and over the ocean surface using swath altimetry. The proposed surface water and ocean topography (SWOT) mission will make such measurements. The core technology for SWOT is the Ka-band radar interferometer (KaRIN), which would achieve spatial resolution on the order of tens of meters and centimetric vertical precision when averaged over targets of interest. Average revisit times will depend upon latitude, with two to four revisits at low to mid latitudes and up to ten revisits at high latitudes per ~20-day orbit repeat period.
Birth outcome, not pregnancy process: Reply to Van Der Veen

In a recent article (Frisbie. Forbes. and Pullum 1996) we documented racial/ethnic differences in birth outcomes according to a more fine-grained classification than has typically been employed in the demographic literature. In his commentary, van der Veen focuses on the measurement of one of the dimensions of that classification, maturity of the infant. as proxied by the fetal growth ratio. The crux of the critique is easily seen in van der Veen's statement that “all of my disagreements with Frisbie et al. 's method arise from their particular use of a postnatal standard for the assessment of intrauterine growth.” Our critic misunderstands our objective: He fails to realize our interest in birth outcome, not pregnancy process, and does not perceive that our intent was to extend the research extant in both the demographic and public-health literatures in which patently postnatal (i.e., ex utero) measures are taken as outcomes interesting in their own right and/or as risk factors for infant mortality and infant and childhood morbidity. Specifically, he does recognize that we purposefully expanded our focus to include moderately compromised births to determine if they were at higher risk than the normal births with whom they are conventionally categorized. Our discussion draws on research cited in the original article, on studies cited by our critic, and on a few more recent investigations. Although we have never argued that ours is the only, or even the best, approach in all cases, we try to clarify the rationale for, and adduce additional empirical evidence of, the utility of the method we used.
Manganese and iron encrustations and other features ofPlanctomyces crassus Hortobágyi 1965, morphotype Ib of theBlastocaulis-Planctomyces group of budding and appendaged bacteria, examined by electron microscopy and X-ray micro-analysis

Water samples collected in August, 1980, from a pond in Budapest, Hungary, have permitted transmission and scanning electron microscopic observations to be made ofPlanctomyces crassus Hortobagyi 1965, which—to remain taxonomically noncommittal—we designated as morphotype Ib of theBlastocaulis-Planctomyces group of appendaged and budding bacteria. The detailed cell morphology of morphotype Ib (cellular shape, size and distribution pattern of crateriform structures, pili, spires) was similar to that of morphotype Ia,Planctomyces bekefii Gimesi 1924. The major appendage—a seemingly tubular, multifibrillar stalk—differed somewhat from the stalk of morphotype Ia, in that the morphotype Ib stalk was generally shorter than the morphotype Ia stalk, was tapered (the morphotype Ia stalk was uniformly cylindrical), and apparently lacked the organizing matrix of the morphotype Ia stalk. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy of the metallic-oxide encrustations of morphotype Ib rosettes revealed manganese and iron to be the predominant elements present. Moreover, localized differences were found in the relative amounts of the two elements deposited in different rosettes and at different loci on the same rosette.
Elastic-plastic collapse of non-uniform cylindrical shells subjected to uniform external pressure

The objective of this paper is to derive analytical solutions for the elastic buckling and plastic collapse pressures of a cylindrical shell with reduced thickness over part of its circumference. The section of reduced thickness is used to represent a corroded region in a pipe. The proposed solutions are extensions of Timoshenko's solutions for the elastic-plastic collapse of a linear elastic, perfectly plastic cylindrical shell subjected to uniform external pressure. A modified interaction formula for the fully plastic membrane forces and bending moments in the non-uniform cylinder has been proposed for plastic collapse. A parametric study shows that the elastic buckling pressure decreases smoothly with corrosion angle when the corrosion depth is less than 0.5t. When the corrosion depth is greater than 0.5t, the elastic buckling strength first decreases very rapidly with corrosion angle. Furthermore, the elastic buckling pressure decreases uniformly with corrosion depth when the corrosion angles are greater than 30°, while the elastic buckling strength decreases more rapidly at higher corrosion depths when corrosion angles are less than 30°. Another parametric study on a steel pipe shows that the initial and fully plastic yield pressures both decrease monotonically with corrosion depth for a given corrosion angle and imperfection.
An oligopeptide transport gene from Candida albicans.

A Candida albicans oligopeptide transport gene, OPT1, was cloned from a C. albicans genomic library through heterologous expression in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae di-/tripeptide transport mutant PB1X-9B. When transformed with a plasmid harbouring OPT1, S. cerevisiae PB1X-9B, which did not express tetra-/pentapeptide transport activity under the conditions used, was conferred with an oligopeptide transport phenotype, as indicated by growth on the tetrapeptide Lys-Leu-Leu-Gly, sensitivity to toxic tetra- and pentapeptides, and an increase in the initial uptake rate of the radiolabeled tetrapeptide Lys-Leu-Gly-[3H]Leu. The level of oligopeptide transport was found to be influenced in the heterologous host by the source of nitrogen used for growth. The entire 3.8 kb fragment containing the oligopeptide transport activity was sequenced and an ORF of 2349 nucleotides containing a 58 nucleotide intron was identified. The deduced protein product of 783 amino acid residues contained 12 hydrophobic regions suggestive of a membrane transport protein. Sequence comparisons revealed that similar proteins are encoded by genes from S. cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe and that OPT1 is not a member of the ABC or PTR membrane transport families.
Polypeptides from the condensation of amino acid adenylates.

The adenylates of an amino acid mixture were polymerized in aqueous solution as a model to study amino acid sequence control at an intermediate level above prebiological conditions yet in the absence of highly evolved cellular constraints. As a first step, the homogeneous polymerization was investigated in detail. A mixture of sixteen free amino acids, including C-14 label, was converted to the adenylates using a low 10∶1 molar excess of condensing agent over free amino acid. The adenylates were polymerized in alkaline buffer, or hydrolyzed in acid, and directly analyzed on Sephadex and Dowex columns. A comparison of the polymerized and hydrolyzed samples showed that condensed products were formed during the adenylate synthesis stage. The yield of distinctly polymerized material was small (<5%) and was found to trail the elution of free amino acids on Sephadex. This material may be separated into a small number of distinct bands by electrophoresis, and has an amino acid composition that does not reflect that of the starting mixture.
Palaeoanthropology: Hesitation on hominin history

Extensive studies of fossil skeletons of Australopithecus sediba provide fascinating details of the anatomy of this hominin species, but do not convincingly indicate its position on the evolutionary route to modern humans.
Ascorbic acid and reaction kinetics in situ: a new approach to vitamin requirements.

Biochemical and clinical evidence indicate that in situ kinetics is the first quantitative and achievable approach for determining optimal requirements for ascorbic acid, and for other vitamins.
Positive ion pair production by electron impact dissociative ionization of CF4

Abstract In electron impact dissociative ionization of CF4, using a time-of-flight apparatus, four cation pair coincidences have been observed between F+ ions and the fragment ions: CF+3, CF+2, CF+, and C+. Absolute cross sections and thresholds for cation pair production from the fragmentation of CF4 are reported for electron impact energies from threshold to 500 eV, with the ion pair cross sections found to contribute up to 13% to the gross ionization cross section. Also, corrections are applied to recently reported partial ionization cross section data for CF4, from which the true ion counting cross sections are computed for the first time; as well, bounds are placed on the production of neutral fluorine for electron impact energies from 20–500 eV.
Alpha Cygni as a Radial-Velocity Variable

One hundred and twentythree radial velocities for α Cyg are derived between December 1977 and October 1982. These photospheric velocities are derived from NI lines near 8700 a. Semiregular variations in radial velocities are present with periods of 7 to 20 days. The range of variation of 14.3 kms−1 observed in the present radial velocities of α Cyg is close to the sum of the amplitudes (10.44 kms−1) of all the pulsation periods from 7 to 101 days (Lucy 1976a) and is also approximately equal to micro and macro-turbulent velocities.
Fenestration of the posteroinferior cerebellar artery: case report.

OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE: Fenestrations of cerebral arteries are rare, but very important to diagnose given their high association with saccular aneurysms. We present the first reported case of a fenestration of the posteroinferior cerebellar artery (PICA). CLINICAL PRESENTATION: A 62-year-old man who presented with a subarachnoid hemorrhage underwent repeated four-vessel cerebral angiography. An isolated right PICA abnormality consistent with a dissection or fenestration was revealed. INTERVENTION: The patient underwent surgical exploration of his PICA, which confirmed a PICA fenestration without an associated saccular aneurysm. The fenestration was wrapped with cotton. CONCLUSION: Our case report illustrates the novel anatomic finding of a fenestration of the PICA. Knowledge of this entity would be helpful in the differential diagnosis of a posterior fossa subarachnoid hemorrhage.
Hepatitis B virus mutants associated with 3TC and famciclovir administration are replication defective

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) variant strains may develop during therapy for chronic infection with the nucleoside analog 2',3'-dideoxy-3'-thiacytidine (3TC). HBV mutants result from isoleucine (I) or valine (V) substitutions in the methionine (M) of the YMDD motif in the viral reverse-transcriptase catalytic domain. In addition, other mutations in the reverse-transcriptase "B domain" involving either a phenylalanine (F)-to-leucine (L) at amino acid 501 (F501L) or an L-to-M substitution at amino acid 515 (L515M) have been observed during 3TC and Famciclovir therapy as well. To determine the biologic consequences of these mutations on viral replication, variant viral genomes were constructed and transiently transfected into hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and HEK 293 human embryo kidney-derived cell lines. In transiently transfected HCC cells, the viruses bearing the YI/VDD or F501L mutations had greatly impaired replication as compared to wild-type virus, whereas the virus carrying the L515M substitution showed the least defect. Double mutants with the L515M substitution showed intermediate defect between the YI/VDD or F501L and the L515M single-mutant strains. In contrast, when transfected into HEK 293 cells, the viruses bearing the YI/VDD or L515M mutation replicated as wild-type. However, under conditions of deoxynucleotide depletion produced by hydroxyurea treatment of HEK 293 cells, all mutants but not the wild-type virus exhibited a reduced replication phenotype similar to that observed in HCC cells. In both HCC and HEK 293 cells, the mutant viruses carrying the F501L substitution showed a decreased pregenomic RNA encapsidation level, suggesting that the defect in HBV DNA synthesis occurs at the RNA packaging level. These findings show that 3TC and Famciclovir selected mutations alter the properties of the HBV reverse transcriptase, resulting in impaired viral replication within the cell.
Constraints on the strength of primordial magnetic fields from big bang nucleosynthesis reexamined.

In this paper, we reexamine in detail the effects of primordial magnetic fields on big bang nucleosynthesis (BBN) including a discussion of the magnetic field geometry and the anomalous magnetic moment. The presence of magnetic fields affects BBN by (1) increasing the weak reaction rates, (2) increasing the electron density due to changes to the electron phase space, and (3) increasing the expansion rate of the universe, due both to the magnetic field energy density and to the modified electron energy density. Of the effects considered, the increase in the expansion rate due to the magnetic field energy is the most significant for the interests of BBN. The allowed magnetic field intensity at the end of nucleosynthesis (0.01 MeV) is about 2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{9}$ G and corresponds to an upper limit on the magnetic field energy density of about 28% of the neutrino energy density (${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{B}l~0.28{\ensuremath{\rho}}_{\ensuremath{\nu}}$).
Investigating MapReduce framework extensions for efficient processing of geographically scattered datasets

In this paper, we investigate real-world scenarios in which MapReduce programming model and specifically Hadoop framework could be used for processing large-scale, geographically scattered datasets. We propose an Adaptive Reduce Task Scheduling (ARTS) algorithm and evaluate it on a distributed Hadoop cluster involving multiple datacenters as well as the on a shared Hadoop cluster. The evaluation demonstrates that the ARTS algorithm outperforms the default Reduce phase scheduling algorithm in Hadoop framework.
Characterization of an endo-α-N-acetyl galactosaminidase from Diplococcus pneumoniae

Abstract Evidence is presented for the presence in filtrates of Diplococcus pneumoniae of an endo-glycosidase capable of acting on the O-glycosidic linkage between N-acetyl galactosamine and serine or threonine residues. The glycosidase was partially purified by chromatography on Affi-Gel 202. The resulting preparation acted on glycopeptides from mouse melanoma, fetuin and pig submaxillary mucin to release a disaccharide characterized as galactosyl-N-acetyl galactosamine. The enzyme had no action on phenyl α-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminide, asialo ovine submaxillary mucin or monosialoganglioside. A similar activity was detected in a commercial preparation of Clostridium perfringens neuraminidase.
From the Special Issue Editor: Some Observations on Green Economics

(2010). From the Special Issue Editor: Some Observations on Green Economics. Engineering Management Journal: Vol. 22, No. 3, pp. 1-1.
Enzyme-Coenzyme Complexes of Pyridine Nucleotide-Linked Dehydrogenases

Enzyme-reduced coenzyme binary complexes produce previously unreported shifts in the spectrum of the free coenzyme. These shifts give rise to difference spectra which resemble a general environmental change for reduced diphosphopyridine nucleotide (DPNH) in the glutamic dehydrogenase-DPNH complex, and indicate a more specific enzyme-coenzyme interaction for yeast alcohol dehydrogenase-DPNH, isocitrate dehydrogenase-TPNH, and lactic dehydrogenase-DPNH complexes.
An incremental Knox test for the determination of the serial interval between successive cases of an infectious disease

An estimate of the interval between successive infections is essential for surveillance, control, and modeling of infectious diseases. This paper proposes a method for determining the serial interval when the location and time of onset of illness are known. The theoretical underpinning of this method is the intrinsically spatial nature of disease transmission. Successive infections tend to be closer than unrelated cases of disease and, therefore, exhibit spatial clustering. An incremental Knox type analysis of cases is introduced. Cases occurring at a range of time intervals are examined to determine the serial interval. The significance of clustering is determined using a permutation approach under the null hypothesis of space-time independence. The power of this method is evaluated using an individual level, spatially explicit epidemic simulation. The time increment Knox test is robust to multiple introductions and incomplete sampling. Finally, the increment Knox statistic is used to analyze an outbreak of dengue fever in the city of Florida, Puerto Rico during 1991. Results indicate that the likely interval between successive cases during this outbreak is at least 18–19 days.
Total Synthesis of (−)-4,8,10-Tridesmethyl Telithromycin

Novel sources of antibiotics are required to address the serious problem of antibiotic resistance. Telithromycin (2) is a third-generation macrolide antibiotic prepared from erythromycin (1) and used clinically since 2004. Herein we report the details of our efforts that ultimately led to the total synthesis of (−)-4,8,10-tridesmethyl telithromycin (3) wherein methyl groups have been replaced with hydrogens. The synthesis of desmethyl macrolides has emerged as a novel strategy for preparing bioactive antibiotics.
Soil geochemical and biogeochemical studies at the Borealis gold mine, mineral county, Nevada, U.S.A.

Abstract The Borealis Mine is a bulk-minable disseminated gold-silver deposit located in Mineral County, Nevada (lat. 118°45′W, lon. 38°23′N). In 1979, Houston International Minerals Corporation discovered this deposit containing 1.4 million metric tons of ore with average grade of 3.4 ppm gold and 16 ppm silver. The main ore hosts are Tertiary volcanic rocks of andesitic and rhyolitic composition. The area receives an anual precipitation of about 45 cm (Houghton et al., 1975), and it is mainly a woodland of pinyon pines ( Pinus monophylla ) and Utah junipers ( Juniperus osteosperma ). The ground cover is predominantly low sagebrush ( Artemisia arbuscula ). The Borealis Mine is located about 2100 m above sea level, and the topography in the vicinity is generally quite gentle. The slopes are commonly less than 15 degrees.
Performance measures framework for unmanned systems (PerMFUS): models for contextual metrics

In the development of the Performance Measures Framework for Unmanned Systems (PerMFUS), we have established a multiple-axis performance metrics model for the unmanned systems (UMS). This model characterizes the UMS performance requirements by the missions that are to be carried out, the environments in which the missions are to be performed, and the characteristics of the UMS itself. In other words, we focus on the concept of contextual metrics and emphasize that performance evaluation and performance specification is based on context.
CHAOS OF DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS ON GENERAL TIME DOMAINS

We consider dynamical systems on time domains that alternate between continuous time intervals and discrete time intervals. The dynamics on the continuous portions may represent species growth when there is population overlap and are governed by differential or partial differential equations. The dynamics across the discrete time intervals are governed by a chaotic map and may represent population growth which is seasonal. We study the long term dynamics of this combined system. We study various conditions on the continuous time dynamics and discrete time dynamics that produce chaos and alternatively nonchaos for the combined system. When the discrete system alone is chaotic we provide a condition on the continuous dynamical component such that the combined system behaves chaotically. We also provide a condition that ensures that if the discrete time system has an absolutely continuous invariant measure so will the combined system. An example based on the logistic continuous time and logistic discrete time component is worked out.
An ionospheric E-region nighttime model

Abstract A series of five rocket flights was launched from Wallops Island during a 6-hr period on the morning of 22 February 1968. Electron density profiles were measured with a Langmuir probe during ascent and glowing vapor was released for wind measurements during descent. The measured winds were combined with a theoretical E -region model to evaluate scattered solar Lyman-β radiation as a nighttime ion production source using individual ionization profiles. The E -region ionization model included standard ion chemical reactions and laboratory values for rate coefficients. Results showed that the major features of the observed nighttime electron density profiles could be duplicated with molecular ions if wind transport effects and a nighttime ion production source were included. The persistence of two ion layers below 105 km, however, suggested the origin of metallic ions on this particular night. The ionization level for the nighttime profiles was adequately supplied by the assumed Lyman-β brightness (10 Rayleighs). The theoretical dawn profile (0602 EST and 98° zenith angle) required an increase of 3 in the Lyman-β brightness to achieve agreement with the experimental profile. This increase in the scattered radiation was shown to be consistent with measurements and radiation transport calculations.
Examining the Assumption

Many believe that at the end of her life Mary was assumed bodily ‘into heaven’ where she remains exalted by her divine son. This claim, magisterially entitled The Doctrine of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary, strikes some as absurd. Even many traditional Christians are opposed to, or have doubts about this aspect of Catholic doctrine (as they do of its non–defined equivalent among the Eastern Orthodox marked by the feast of the koimesis (dormition) of the Theotokos[the one who ‘gave birth to’ God]). Typically critics regard the doctrine as being at best a sentimental piety and at worst a neo–Pagan accretion entirely lacking in support from any appropriate quarter. Others go further, however; suggesting that it is not simply without biblical or other evidential warrant but is in some way incoherent. Here I explore some of the sources of difficulties that confront any attempt to present and defend the doctrine. Ancient and mediaeval accounts often relate narratives of Mary’s final days. Significantly, however, they also reason that given Mary’s unique status the Assumption must have happened because it should have done. I consider this style of deductive theology before examining certain historical presentations, in which I argue that there may be material evidence of the tradition as far back as the end of the persecution of Diocletian around the time of the Edict of Milan. Thereafter I take up the philosophical problems, exploring various possibilities and suggesting that acknowledging Aquinas’s insistence on the impoverished nature of disembodied human souls, and their need of resurrected embodiment is consistent with Mary’s unique role that the mode of her present existence is of a different order to that of other separated subjects.
Seen but not heard: battered women's perceptions of the ED experience.

Abstract Introduction: A plethora of studies describe helping professionals' responses to and actions directed toward battered women in the emergency department. However, research that yields data regarding the clients' perceptions about their actual experiences in the ED setting is sorely needed. The aim of this study was to describe battered women's perceptions of their ED experience. Method: A qualitative design, namely a phenomenologic approach, was used for this inquiry to enable the women to express themselves in their own voices. Informants were recruited from shelters for battered women. Women who had sought help for abuse-related injuries at a hospital emergency department within the past 12 months were asked to participate. Methods used to collect data were in-depth, individual, audiotaped interviews and demographic data sheets. Data analysis was conducted using Colaizzi's (1978) procedural steps. Results: Several categories emerged as being descriptive of the women's perceptions of their ED experience. Themes identified included the women's feelings during the visit, such as fear of their partner, concern for children, and loneliness; the women's belief that the ED staff do not understand abuse; satisfaction with treatment of physical injuries but dissatisfaction with how the issue of abuse is managed; the difficulty of disclosing the abuse because of fear, embarrassment, and a lack of resources; and a request that health care professionals display compassion, provide referrals, and offer options. Discussion: The women's narratives explicate their feelings during the ED visit and sensitize nurses to their experience. The reports of dissatisfaction with the care they received in the emergency department add to the validity of findings from previous studies that have documented similar results and point to the need to examine and reshape the delivery of care to abused women in the emergency department. (J Emerg Nurs 2000;26:464-70)
Activity of phosphorylcreatine shuttle enzymes in rat cardiac, fast-, and slow-twitch skeletal muscles.

Abstract Energy producing and energy utilizing reactions in muscle are coherently linked by a phosphorylcreatine shuttle mechanism. Operational components of the shuttle were evaluated in muscles encompassing a wide metabolic and contractile spectrum. Consistent CPK/ATPase ratios suggest homogeneous function of the myofibrillar component of the shuttle. Mitochondrial CPK/ATPase ratios vary due to 4-fold differences in CPK activity with respect to oxidative phosphorylation. The phosphorylcreatine shuttle mechanism, and the mitochondrial component in particular, seems a relevant, physiological regulator of skeletal and cardiac muscle function.
Compatibility of reactor materials with high-temperature gases

Abstract The literature pertaining to the compatibility of reactor materials at high temperatures with the common atmospheric gases and hydrogen is surveyed. More detailed data are available from the literature cited.
Innovation for the Web 2.0 Era

The article discusses the Web 2.0 software and open innovation. Open innovation enables companies to share the costs of research while capitalizing on the creativity they harness. Technologies such as service-oriented architectures and service delivery platforms (SDP) enable service providers to achieve open innovation. The SDP serves as a controlled environment for services coming from the network, IT, the Web, or other applications. It provides governance and policy control, while increasing transparency and improving the management of converged services whether they are internal services or applications, from third-party developers, or created by nontraditional developers. The latest SDP evolution uses a "RESTful gateway" that automates access to Web tools to help simplify the creation of new services, thereby enabling developers to immediately become more productive. Web 2.0 offers a powerful collection of capabilities for connecting and empowering individuals, communities, and enterprises; it's about taking open innovation to the nth degree. The author concluded that achieving open innovation's enormous potential benefits requires tenacity and conviction, but in the end it must prevail.
Does supported employment work

Providing employment-related services, including supported employment through job coaches, has been a priority in federal policy since the enactment of the Developmental Disabilities Assistance and Bill of Rights Act in 1984. We take advantage of a unique panel data set of all clients served by the South Carolina Department of Disabilities and Special Needs between 1999 and 2005 to investigate whether job coaching leads to stable employment in community settings. The data contain information on individual characteristics, such as IQ and the presence of emotional and behavioral problems, that are likely to affect both employment propensity and likelihood of receiving job coaching. Our results show that unobserved individual characteristics and endogeneity strongly bias naive estimates of the effects of job coaching. However, even after correcting for these biases, an economically and statistically significant treatment effect remains. © 2010 by the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management.
Demonstration and characterization of two vitellogenic blood proteins in Periplaneta americana: an immunochemical analysis.

Abstract Studies on the sex-limited vitellogenic blood proteins, vitellogenins, of Periplaneta americana have revealed two immunochemically and electrophoretically discrete proteins which are preferentially sequestered by the oocytes. Combined, these proteins account for 88 per cent of the yolk protein complement, and both are one hundred times more concentrated in the yolk than in the blood of vitellogenic females. In addition, a third yolk protein was identified which is a major constituent of both male and female blood, but which is more concentrated in the blood than in yolk. A fourth protein in the yolk has no blood counterpart. That the blood proteins are delivered intact and unaltered to the yolk is confirmed by their observed retention of antigenic specificity, electrophoretic mobility, and their characteristic diffusion coefficients as they enter the oocyte.
Dietary protein restriction in patients with chronic renal failure

A 54-year-old woman from Texas sought a second medical opinion 6 years ago at the Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston because of concern about her family history of renal disease. In 1978, her creatinine clearance (Ccr) was reported to be 56 mI/mm and her blood pressure 170/100mm Hg. She had been told by her family physician that she had hypertension and chronic renal failure and had been given a thiazide diuretic. She has an extensive family history of nephritis involving at least 4 generations (Fig. I). Between 1978 and 1984, her physician treated her for urinary infections and hypertension. In 1981, her Ccr was 42 mI/mm. In 1983, she had a urinary infection with pyuria; her Ccr was 30 mI/mm and a hearing test was "normal." In the fall of 1984, she was referred to a nephrologist who noted hypertension and edema. Measurement of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) by 25I-iothalamate renal clearance disclosed a value of 20.7 mI/mm; propranolol and a thiazide diuretic were prescribed. She came to me for another opinion; since then she has been followed annually, and every 4 to 8 weeks by the referring nephrologist. In October 1984, I found the patient to be a well-nourished woman in no acute distress except for understandable concern about her prognosis for familial renal disease (Fig. I). She had not had a renal biopsy, but renal biopsy of others in the family had shown an interstitial nephritis; none of the family members had any hearing disorder. A review of systems revealed hypertension but no hearing impairment. She had no symptoms suggesting cardiopulmonary disease except for mild fatigue on exercising, but she did complain of intermittent constipation. Urinary symptoms included bouts of frequency and urgency occurring about two times a year that had been diagnosed as urinary tract
An examination of the complementary volume–volatility information theories

The volume–volatility relationship during the dissemination stages of information flow is examined by analyzing various theories relating volume and volatility as complementary rather than competing models. The mixture of distributions hypothesis, sequential arrival of information hypothesis, the dispersion of beliefs hypothesis, and the noise trader hypothesis all add to the understanding of how volume and volatility interact for different types of futures traders. An integrated picture of the volume–volatility relationship is provided by investigating the dynamic linear and nonlinear associations between volatility and the volume of informed (institutional) and uninformed (the general public) traders. In particular, the trading behavior explanation for the persistence of futures volatility, the effect of the timing of private information arrival, and the response of institutional traders to excess noise trading risk is examined. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 28:963–992, 2008
The Lind-Lehmer Constant for cyclic groups of order less than 892,371,480

We determine the Lind–Lehmer constant for the cyclic group \(\mathbb{Z}_{n}\) when n is not a multiple of 892,371,480=23⋅3⋅5⋅7⋅11⋅13⋅17⋅19⋅23.
Does percent reduction in seizure frequency correlate with plasma concentration of anticonvulsant drugs? Experience with four anticonvulsant drugs.

Objective To investigate the relationship between the percentage reduction in seizure frequency in patients with epilepsy and plasma concentrations after oral administration of 4 anticonvulsant drugs. Methods Patients with a minimum of 25% reduction in their seizure frequency from their baseline value were declared responders. The percentage reduction in seizure frequency was plotted against plasma concentrations with use of pharmacodynamic models (linear, log-linear, Emax, and sigmoidal Emax models). In addition to pharmacodynamic models, a logistic regression model was also fitted to the concentration-response data, with a value of 1 for responders and 0 for nonresponders. Results The concentration-effect relationship could not be adequately described either by the pharmacodynamic models or by the logistic regression analysis. Conclusions Based on the results obtained from both pharmacodynamic models and logistic regression analysis the percentage reduction in seizure frequency may not be a true surrogate marker for anticonvulsant drugs to establish a pharmacodynamic relationship with plasma concentrations. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (1998) 64, 547–552; doi:
Study of potential induced degradation mechanism in commercial PV module

This paper focuses on the study of potential induced degradation effect (PID) under 25°C, 100% RH and Na+ rich water and to indentify PID mechanism with 1000V bias applied to active layer. According to our Current-voltage measurements and electroluminescence results showed the module power loss 5% due to negative bias applied then after positive bias the power recovery and no corrosion like Ag → Ag+ + e− exists. In our case that means Na+ ion causing polarization effect.
Fungal Interactions with Leukocytes

This chapter discusses host defenses in the lungs and the role played by fungal virulence factors in allowing the organism to survive inside the host and either cause disease or remain latent.. On inhalation from the environment, fungi first encounter the barrier defenses of the lungs (cough reflexes, airway secretions, and mucociliary action of the upper airway epithelium). Alveolar macrophages, dendritic cells (DC), and recruited neutrophils and monocytes compose the phagocytic cells of the pulmonary innate immune system. Secretion of TNF-α by innate immune cells is critical for the development of protective adaptive immunity. IFN- γ production is critical for clearance of fungal infections in the lungs by activating macrophages and other phagocytes to ingest and kill fungi. Taken together, these observations demonstrate the importance of Th1-cell production of IFN-γ in pulmonary host defense against fungi. Susceptibility against pulmonary fungal infections in otherwise healthy individuals is associated with the production of Th2 cytokines such as IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10. The maturation state or phenotype of DC is perhaps the most important regulatory step in the development of T-cell immunity in the lungs. Many of these moieties can stimulate inflammatory cytokine production by lung leukocytes when administered in pure form. Although B cells are discussed last in the list of cells that interact with fungi, their role in modulating host defense against fungi cannot be understated. The majority of human fungal pathogens are opportunistic ubiquitous organisms, causing disease only under permissive conditions.
Di-ionizable p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene-1,2-crown-3 ligands in cone and 1,2-alternate conformations: synthesis and metal ion extraction

Novel di-ionizable p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene-1,2-crown-3 ligands in cone and 1,2-alternate conformations were prepared as potential metal ion extractants. Selective bridging of proximal hydroxyl groups of the calix[4]arene platform by a crown-3 polyether unit was achieved under Mitsunobu reaction conditions. In addition to the carboxylic acid group, the acidity tunable N-(X)sulfonyl oxyacetamide functions [OCH2C(O)NHSO2X] with X group variation from methyl to phenyl to p-nitrophenyl to trifluomethyl were used as the proton-ionizable groups. Conformations and regioselectivities of the new ligands were established by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Competitive solvent extractions of alkali metal cations and of alkaline earth metal cations from aqueous solutions into chloroform were performed, as were single species extractions of lead(II) and mercury(II).
The Interaction of Principal and Teacher Instructional Influence as a Measure of Leadership as an Organizational Quality.

Purpose: This article presents the design and test of a measure of school leadership as an organizational quality through the interaction of principal and teacher instructional influence. The Organ...
A boundary element formulation for design sensitivities in thermoplastic problems involving nonhomogeneous media

Abstract This paper presents a formulation for the determination of design sensitivities for optimization in thermoplastic problems involving nonhomogeneous media. The approach is based on direct differentiation (DDA) of the relevant boundary element method (BEM) formulation of the problem. It combines the advantages of BEM regarding accuracy without the difficulty of dealing with strongly singular kernels. This approach provides a new avenue towards efficient optimization of small-strain thermoplastic problems involving nonhomogeneous media.
Computer vision assisted virtual reality calibration

A computer vision assisted semi-automatic virtual reality (VR) calibration technology has been developed that can accurately match a virtual environment of graphically simulated 3D models to the video images of the real task environment. We have developed a new 20-variable weighted least-squares algorithm that updates both camera and object models simultaneously for given two camera views of two mating objects. This simultaneous update enables accurate model matching even with rough, approximate initial camera calibrations. The developed semi-automatic VR calibration supports automated intermediate updates, eliminating nearly all operator interaction except for initial coarse matching. In our quasi-static supervisory telerobotic applications, intermediate VR calibrations are performed intermittently at a few robot stopping poses only, as a cost-effective and safer approach compared to real-time visual servoing. Extensive experimental results comparing alignment errors under various viewing conditions are presented.
The Adenovirus L4 33-Kilodalton Protein Binds to Intragenic Sequences of the Major Late Promoter Required for Late Phase-Specific Stimulation of Transcription

The adenovirus late IVa2 protein is required for maximally efficient transcription from the viral major late (ML) promoter, and hence, the synthesis of the majority of viral late proteins. This protein is a sequence-specific DNA-binding protein that also promotes the assembly of progeny virus particles. Previous studies have established that a IVa2 protein dimer (DEF-B) binds specifically to an intragenic ML promoter sequence necessary for late phase-specific stimulation of ML transcription. However, activation of transcription from the ML promoter correlates with binding of at least one additional infected-cell-specific protein, termed DEF-A, to the promoter. Using an assay for the DNA-binding activity of DEF-A, we identified the unknown protein by using conventional purification methods, purification of FLAG-tagged IVa2-protein-containing complexes, and transient synthesis of viral late proteins. The results of these experiments established that the viral L4 33-kDa protein is the only component of DEF-A: the IVa2 and L4 33-kDa proteins are necessary and sufficient for formation of all previously described complexes in the intragenic control region of the ML promoter. Furthermore, the L4 33-kDa protein binds to the promoter with the specificity characteristic of DEF-A and stimulates transcription from the ML promoter in transient-expression assays.
A pharmacokinetic model of the liver

A pharmacokinetic heterogeneous model was developed for the local anesthetic and antiarrhythmic drug lidocaine. It was assumed that transport and elimination of lidocaine and its metabolites are linear with concentration. Simulations were done using VisSim software on a 486 based personal computer. It was found that the rate of uptake and rate of breakdown were 0.48 min/sup -1/ and 0.49 min/sup -1/ respectively for lidocaine. Similar simulations were done for the lidocaine metabolites MEGX and 3-OHLID. Finally, a parameter sensitivity study was done for lidocaine and its metabolites,.
Molteno implant for control of glaucoma in eyes after penetrating keratoplasty.

Abstract Seventeen patients (17 eyes) underwent implantation of a single plate Molteno implant for medically uncontrollable intraocular pressures after penetrating keratoplasty. Most of the eyes had extensive peripheral anterior synechiae, and 16 of 17 (94%) were pseudophakic or aphakic following keratoplasty. Other glaucoma procedures had been performed previously on 13 eyes: argon laser trabeculoplasty (one eye), trabeculectomy (seven eyes), transpupillary argon laser cyclophotocoagulation (three eyes), and cyclocryotherapy (three eyes). Follow-up ranged from 5 to 28 months (mean, 13 months). Three eyes underwent repeat Molteno implantation when intraocular pressure (IOP) was not satisfactorily reduced after the first procedure. Considering one eye with chronic hypotony as a failure, l2 of 17 eyes (71 %)had IOPs of less than 21 mmHg at the time of the three most recent postoperative examinations after a single Molteno implant. Repeat implants in three eyes increased the number of eyes with IOPs of less than 21 mmHg to 14 (82%). Corneal allograft rejection after Molteno implantation occurred in seven eyes; two of these were successfully reversed with corticosteroid therapy. Three of the five eyes with irreversible graft rejection were regrafted, and two of these grafts have remained clear. Including the regrafted eyes, 13 eyes had clear grafts and controlled IOPs at the most recent postoperative examination. The Molteno implant may prove useful in the management of medically uncontrollable glaucoma following penetrating keratoplasty; however, there appears to be a substantial risk of postoperative graft rejection.