cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The role of L-arginine in ameliorating reperfusion injury after myocardial ischemia in the cat.

BACKGROUND Myocardial ischemia followed by reperfusion results in endothelial dysfunction characterized by a reduced release of endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF). Because EDRF has been characterized as nitric oxide, we examined the ability of L-arginine, the substrate for nitric oxide synthesis, to protect in a feline model of myocardial ischemia plus reperfusion. METHODS AND RESULTS The effects of L-arginine were investigated in a 6-hour model of myocardial ischemia and reperfusion in pentobarbital-anesthetized cats. A bolus administration (30 mg/kg) of L-arginine, or its enantiomer D-arginine, was given followed by a continuous infusion of 10 mg/kg/min for 1 hour starting 10 minutes before reperfusion. Myocardial ischemia plus reperfusion in cats receiving D-arginine resulted in severe myocardial injury and endothelial dysfunction characterized by marked myocardial necrosis, high cardiac myeloperoxidase activity in ischemic cardiac tissue, and loss of acetylcholine- and A-23187-induced endothelium-dependent relaxation in coronary artery rings. In contrast, myocardial ischemia plus reperfusion cats treated with L-arginine exhibited a reduced area of cardiac necrosis (16 +/- 2% versus 41 +/- 5% of area at risk, p less than 0.01), lower myeloperoxidase activity in the ischemic region (0.3 +/- 0.08 versus 0.8 +/- 0.10 units/100 mg tissue, p less than 0.05), and significant preservation of acetylcholine- (p less than 0.01) and A-23187- (p less than 0.01) induced endothelial-dependent relaxation. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate the ability of L-arginine to reduce necrotic injury in a cat model of myocardial ischemia plus reperfusion, and this reduction in infarct size is associated with the preservation of endothelial function and attenuation of neutrophil accumulation in ischemic cardiac tissue.
3-Carbamoylquinoxalin-1-ium chloride.

The title compound, C9H8N3O+·Cl−, was isolated from a liquid culture of streptomyces sp. In the cation, the ring system makes a dihedral angle of 0.2 (2)° with the amide group. The protonation creating the cation occurs at ome of the N atoms in the quinoxaline ring system. In the crystal, the ions are linked through N—H⋯O and N—H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds, forming a two-dimensional network parallel to (10\overline{3}).
VARIATION AND THE COST OF QUALITY

A complete definition of the cost of quality extends beyond the identification of prevention, appraisal, and failure costs; but includes the cost of variation and complexity in products and processes. Product-related quality costs emanate from excessive..
Infections in transplant patients and the role of the microbiology laboratory

Abstract The infectious disease clinician and microbiologist have critical roles in assisting the transplant surgeon with decisions regarding safety and appropriate timing of transplantation from an infectious disease standpoint. Following transplantation, the emphasis shifts to rapidly determine the microbiology of specimens obtained from the transplant recipient, and looking for the routine and unusual organisms that may cause classic or unusual presentations of disease. As the number and range of organs being transplanted increase, new infectious disease problems will arise and careful evaluation of specimens, with particular attention to unusual opportunistic pathogens, will continue to allow the infectious disease physician to prescribe effective therapy as promptly as possible.
Aging and loading rate effects on the mechanical behavior of equine bone

Whether due to a sporting accident, high-speed impact, fall, or other catastrophic event, the majority of clinical bone fractures occur under dynamic loading conditions. However, although extensive research has been performed on the quasi-static fracture and mechanical behavior of bone to date, few high-quality studies on the fracture behavior of bone at high strain rates have been performed. Therefore, many questions remain regarding the material behavior, including not only the loading-rate-dependent response of bone, but also how this response varies with age. In this study, tests were performed on equine femoral bone taken post-mortem from donors 6 months to 28 years of age. Quasi-static and dynamic tests were performed to determine the fracture toughness and compressive mechanical behavior as a function of age at varying loading rates. Fracture paths were then analyzed using scanning confocal and scanning-electron microscopy techniques to assess the role of various microstructural features on toughening mechanisms.
Stochastic quantization in phase space

Abstract Hamiltonian stochastic equations are proposed for the quantization of field theories. Comparisons are made with the Langevin equation. Possible advantages for numerical simulations are discussed based on the observation that the hamiltonian approach interpolates between the Langevin and molecular dynamics approaches
Effects of progestins and relaxin on glycodelin gene expression in human endometrial cells.

Abstract Objective: Glycodelin is an endometrial protein proposed to play an important role in embryonic implantation. We examined the effects of progestins and relaxin on glycodelin transcription, synthesis, and secretion. Study Design: Northern blotting, metabolic labeling, and fluorography were used to assess glycodelin messenger ribonucleic acid and protein synthesis in endometrial tissue and cells. Luciferase reporter constructs transfected into endometrial adenocarcinoma cells (Ishikawa cells) were used to determine whether progestins or relaxin could activate the glycodelin gene promoter. Results: Progestins but not relaxin stimulated glycodelin secretion in primary epithelial cell cultures. A 452–base pair fragment of the glycodelin gene promoter was activated 4.3 ± 0.7 times normal by 10-nmol/L promegestone; however, addition of relaxin to the same construct repressed progestin-stimulate promoter activation by >30%. Conclusion: Glycodelin transcription, synthesis, and secretion by endometrial epithelial cells were stimulated by progestins. However, relaxin failed to stimulate production of this immunomodulatory protein and, in fact, repressed progestin-stimulated activation of the glycodelin gene promoter. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 2000;182:841-9.)
The effects of chronic cocaine pretreatment on kindled seizures and behavioral stereotypies.

Male Sprague-Dawley rats were implanted with electrodes in the left basolateral amygdala and caudates. After recovery, rats received daily injections of 40 mg/kg cocaine or saline i.p. for 14 days. Daily electrostimulation (400 μA) of the left amygdala, i.e., kindling, was carried out until rats exhibited poststimulation clonic seizures on two consecutive days. Rats treated with cocaine prior to kindling reached criterion significantly faster than the controls. This difference, however, was wholly attributable to the faster kindling observed in subjects (Ss) in which cocaine-induced convulsions had been noted during the daily treatment. Augmentation of behavioral stereotypies was greater and propagation of afterdischarges to the caudate occurred significantly earlier in rats that had received cocaine prior to the initiation of kindling regardless of whether or not convulsions had occurred. These data in conjunction with those of other investigators suggest that chronic cocaine administration may deplete dopamine and thus diminish inhibitory neural function allowing earlier propagation of afterdischarges and augmenting drug-induced stereotypies.
Transferring methadone-stabilized pregnant patients to buprenorphine using an immediate release morphine transition: an open-label exploratory study.

A transition from methadone to buprenorphine without intervening withdrawal symptoms is critical for advancing the treatment of opioid-dependent patients. Four pregnant inpatients were transferred from methadone (65–85 mg) to five days of immediate release morphine (IRM) and then to buprenorphine (12–28 mg). Withdrawal scores decreased during the five days of IRM and subsequently increased over the first three days on buprenorphine. The transitional use of IRM appears safe for both mother and fetus. Withdrawal symptoms appeared during buprenorphine induction; however, these data suggest that the intensity of withdrawal symptoms may be lessened by the dose and frequency of buprenorphine administration. (Am J Addict 2006;15:61-70)
An enhanced Whipple Bumper system - Impact resistance of composite materials

For long-duration space flights where human occupation is expected, micrometeroid and debris shields are necessary to prevent puncture of the pressure vessels. Current 'Whipple Bumper' designs range from single thin sheets of aluminum to complicated structures of many energy absorbing layers. This paper details the results of an experimental program tao determine the increased protection afforded by intermediate bumpers made of composite material structures. Various configurations of honeycomb support structures sandwiched between layers of materials such as Kevlar, Spectra, aluminum, and others are inserted between the bumper and pressure shell. The areal densities of each new material structure are maintained constant so that the results compare directly with single-sheet aluminum intermediate bumpers.
The bioavailability of lysine and phosphorus in distillers dried grains with solubles

Five experiments were conducted to determine Lys and P bioavailabilities of distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS), which was derived from corn fermentation in a modern nonbeverage ethanol plant. In experiment 1, we used the precision-fed cecectomized rooster assay and estimated the true digestibility of Lys in DDGS to be 75%. In experiments 2, 3, 4, and 5 the relative bioavailabilities of Lys and P were assessed using slope-ratio chick growth experiments. In experiments 2 and 3, Lys-deficient basal diets containing 0.40 or 0.60% digestible Lys respectively, were formulated. A linear growth response (P < 0.05) was observed from the addition of 0.10 and 0.20% L-Lys from L-Lys x HCl and 10 and 20% DDGS to the basal diets. Body weight gain was regressed on Lys intake from L-Lys x HCl and DDGS, and the ratio of the slopes indicated the relative bioavailable Lys in DDGS. The values as a percentage of total Lys (0.83) in DDGS yielded availability estimates of 80% for experiment 2 and 100% for experiment 3. In experiments 4 and 5, a P-deficient basal diet containing 0.12% nonphytate P was formulated. A linear growth and tibia bone ash (%) response (P < 0.05) were observed from the addition of 0.05 and 0.10% P from K2HPO4 and 2 levels of DDGS (5 and 10% for experiment 4 and 7 and 14% for experiment 5). Tibia bone ash (%) was regressed on P intake from K2HPO4 and DDGS, and the ratio of slopes indicated the relative bioavailability of P in DDGS. The values as a percentage of total P (0.74%) in DDGS yielded availability estimates of 68% for experiment 4 and 54% for experiment 5.
Craniometric Variation Among Modern Human Populations

Previous studies of genetic markers and mitochondrial DNA have found that the amount of variation among major geographic groupings of Homo sapiens is relatively low, accounting for roughly 10% of total variation. This conclusion has had implications for the study of human variation and consideration of alternative models for the origin of modern humans. By contrast, it has often been assumed that the level of among-group variation for morphological traits is much higher. This study examines the level of among-group variation based on Craniometric data from a large sample of modern humans originally collected by W. W. Howells. A multivariate method based on quantitative genetics theory was used to provide an estimate of FST — a measure of among-group variation that can be compared with results from studies of genetic markers. Data for 57 Craniometric variables on 1,734 crania were analyzed. These data represent six core areas: Europe, Sub-Saharan Africa, Australasia, Polynesia, the Americas, and the Far East. An additional set of analyses was performed using a three-region subset (Europe, Sub-Saharan Africa, and the Far East) to provide comparability with several genetic studies. The minimum FST (assuming complete heritability) for the three-region analysis is 0.065, and the minimum FST for the six-region analysis is 0.085. Both of these are less than the average FST from genetic studies (average estimates of 0.10–0.11). The smaller value of the minimum FST estimates is expected since it provides an estimate of FST expected under complete heritability. Using an estimate of average craniometric heritability from the literature provides an estimate of FST of 0.112 for the three-region analysis and 0.144 for the six-region analysis. These results show that genetic and craniometric data are in agreement, qualitatively and quantitatively, and that there is limited variation in modern humans among major geographic regions. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Desiderata: Objectives for a System of Government Contract Law

This brief paper - presented at a symposium presented for a developing nation engaged in drafting of a government procurement law - offers a diverse menu of aspirations frequently mentioned in the context of public purchasing. This paper introduces nine goals frequently identified for government procurement systems: (1) competition; (2) integrity; (3) transparency; (4) efficiency; (5) customer satisfaction; (6) best value; (7) wealth distribution; (8) risk avoidance; and (9) uniformity. The exercise of identifying aspirations is important, particularly because it is difficult for legislators or policymakers to articulate what they hope to achieve through a buying regime. While no system can achieve all of these goals, determining which goals are most important is a daunting, ever-evolving challenge.
An initial linkage map of the West Nile Virus vector Culex tarsalis

We have constructed the first genetic linkage map for the North American arboviral vector Culex tarsalis. 120 F(2) offspring from a cross between two colonies were genotyped using 25 microsatellites and six inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. We resolved four linkage groups which likely correspond to two full-length chromosomes and two arms of the final chromosome. The longest linkage group contains the sex locus and corresponds to chromosome 3. Recombination rates around the sex locus were dramatically higher in females compared to males. The majority of microsatellite loci share sequence identity with regions of the Culex quinquefasciatus genome, whose assembly should aid in anchoring linkage groups to physical chromosomes. This map will aid in identification of loci involved with variable phenotypes in C. tarsalis including WNV susceptibility.
Species diversity reduces parasite infection through cross-generational effects on host abundance

With growing interest in the effects of biodiversity on disease, there is a critical need for studies that empirically identify the mechanisms underlying the diversity-disease relationship. Here, we combined wetland surveys of host community structure with mechanistic experiments involving a multi-host parasite to evaluate competing explanations for the dilution effect. Sampling of 320 wetlands in California indicated that snail host communities were strongly nested, with competent hosts for the trematode Ribeiroia ondatrae predominating in low-richness assemblages and unsuitable hosts increasingly present in more diverse communities. Moreover, competent host density was negatively associated with increases in snail species richness. These patterns in host community assembly support a key prerequisite underlying the dilution effect. Results of multigenerational mesocosm experiments designed to mimic field-observed community assemblages allowed us to evaluate the relative importance of host density and diversity in influencing parasite infection success. Increases in snail species richness (from one to four species) had sharply negative effects on the density of infected hosts (;90% reduction). However, this effect was indirect; competition associated with non-host species led to a 95% reduction in host density (susceptible host regulation), owing primarily to a reduction in host reproduction. Among susceptible hosts, there were no differences in infection prevalence as a function of community structure, indicating a lack of support for a direct effect of diversity on infection (encounter reduction). In monospecific conditions, higher initial host densities increased infection among adult hosts; however, compensatory reproduction in the low-density treatments equalized the final number of infected hosts by the next generation, underscoring the relevance of multigenerational studies in understanding the dilution effect. These findings highlight the role of interspecific competition in mediating the relationship between species richness and parasite infection and emphasize the importance of field-informe de xperimental research in understanding mechanisms underlying the diversity-disease relationship.
Reducing the Gender Achievement Gap in College Science: A Classroom Study of Values Affirmation

In many science, technology, engineering, and mathematics disciplines, women are outperformed by men in test scores, jeopardizing their success in science-oriented courses and careers. The current study tested the effectiveness of a psychological intervention, called values affirmation, in reducing the gender achievement gap in a college-level introductory physics class. In this randomized double-blind study, 399 students either wrote about their most important values or not, twice at the beginning of the 15-week course. Values affirmation reduced the male-female performance and learning difference substantially and elevated women's modal grades from the C to B range. Benefits were strongest for women who tended to endorse the stereotype that men do better than women in physics. A brief psychological intervention may be a promising way to address the gender gap in science performance and learning.
Split Incentives in Residential Energy Consumption

We explore two split incentive issues between owners and occupants of residential dwellings: heating or cooling incentives are suboptimal when the occupant does not pay for energy use, and insulation incentives are suboptimal when the occupant cannot perfectly observe the owner's insulation choice. We empirically quantify the effect of these two market failures and how they affect behavior in California. We find that those who pay are 16 percent more likely to change the heating setting at night and owner-occupied dwellings are 20 percent more likely to be insulated in the attic or ceiling. However, in contrast to common conception, we find that only small overall energy savings may be possible from policy interventions aimed at correcting the split incentive issues.
Physician, patient, and contextual factors affecting treatment decisions in older adults with cancer and models of decision making: a literature review.

Purpose/Objectives To review physician, patient, and contextual factors that affect treatment decision-making in older adults diagnosed with cancer and relate these factors to theoretical models of decision-making.
The "New Urban History" Where Is It Now?

Hypothesizing a trend from structural to more cultural approaches to the urban past in American and European historical writing, the author discovered to the contrary that social historians have consistently seen the subjects of urban his' wry as a place, a population, and the social-cultural relations between and among individuals, families, institutions, and place. Urban historians in the 1990s, however, have moved towards subjects not easily treated with a purely structural approach. [Culture, urban ethnography, urban history, anthropological theory, urban migration]
Maximum-likelihood detection in the presence of interference

We study maximum-likelihood (ML) sequence estimation in interference through a direct derivation of the likelihood function, and using the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm. It is seen that, irrespective of the interference statistics, the likelihood function is composed of two parts: the first, which has the same form as for a purely additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel, operates only on the signal component in the null-space of the interference; the second part depends on the statistics of the interference and operates on the signal part which is in the space of interference.
Concerns and Innovations

Greetings from The Journal of Politics Editorial Office! For the past two years, I have maintained a low profile within the Journal. After all, page space is a scarce commodity, and most people are more interested in what the authors have to say than they are in an editor’s remarks. But at this point—about halfway through my editorial term—there is some information that I would like to share with JOP readers. It involves matters of concern to authors, as well as some changes that I am making to the Journal’s content and operating procedures.
Damage to the prefrontal cortex increases utilitarian moral judgements

The psychological and neurobiological processes underlying moral judgement have been the focus of many recent empirical studies. Of central interest is whether emotions play a causal role in moral judgement, and, in parallel, how emotion-related areas of the brain contribute to moral judgement. Here we show that six patients with focal bilateral damage to the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPC), a brain region necessary for the normal generation of emotions and, in particular, social emotions, produce an abnormally 'utilitarian' pattern of judgements on moral dilemmas that pit compelling considerations of aggregate welfare against highly emotionally aversive behaviours (for example, having to sacrifice one person's life to save a number of other lives). In contrast, the VMPC patients' judgements were normal in other classes of moral dilemmas. These findings indicate that, for a selective set of moral dilemmas, the VMPC is critical for normal judgements of right and wrong. The findings support a necessary role for emotion in the generation of those judgements.
Fungal endophytes in woody roots of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) and ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa)

Summary The fungal community inhabiting large woody roots of healthy conifers has not been well documented. To provide more information about such communities, a survey was conducted using increment cores from the woody roots of symptomless Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) and ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) growing in dry forests on the eastern slope of the Cascade Mountains in Washington state, USA. Fungal isolates were cultured on standard media, and then were identified using a combination of molecular and morphological methods. Fungal genera and species identified in this study will provide baseline data for future surveys of fungal endophytes. Examination of internal transcribed spacer (ITS1 and ITS2) and 5.8S rDNA sequences and morphology of cultured fungi identified 27 fungal genera. Two groups predominated: Byssochlamys nivea Westling (20.4% of isolations) and Umbelopsis species (10.4% of isolations). This is the first report of B. nivea within large woody roots of conifers. Both taxa have been previously identified as potential biological control agents. Although some trends were noted, this study found no significant evidence of host species or plant association effects on total recovery of fungal endophytes or recovery of specific fungal taxa.
MHD Instabilities in Non-Equilibrium Z-Pinch Driven by a Multi-Megaampere Current

Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) instabilities play a critical role in a number of pulsed power experiments in which multi-megaampere currents melt solid conductor surfaces and turn them into hot plasmas in a matter of microseconds or less. Complex motions that these plasmas exhibit lead to the development and growth of violent MHD instabilities that have the potential of disrupting the currents flowing through the conducting material or of introducing conductor material into locations where such material is not desired. The accelerated boundary of a non-equilibrium Z-pinch driven by a multi-megaampere current exhibits both curvature-driven m=0 (sausage) and Rayleigh-Taylor instabilities. The interplay between these instabilities and the effect it may have on the dynamics of the z-pinch is studied through a number of 2-D magnetohydrodynamic simulations performed with the state-of-the-art MHD code MHRDR. In result of the numerical simulations we have found that even though the magneto RT instability may have been developed during the discharge, the dominant instability for the current non-equilibrium Z pinch is m=0 instability. We have estimated that for the most of the discharge it grows exponentially with a constant growth rate, suggesting that the predictions of the ideal MHD theory can be applied to study the instability development of non-ideal, non-equilibrium Z pinches without any significant error.
Programming in a robotics context in the kindergarten classroom: The impact on sequencing skills.

this paper examines the impact of programming of robots on sequencing ability in early childhood and the relationship be tween sequencing skills, class size, and teachers’ comfort lev el and experience with technology. fifty-eight children par ticipated in the study; 54 children were included in data anal ysis. this study was conducted in two different school envi ronments, where class size and teachers’ experiences with the technology use varied – one teacher had used the technology in the prior year; the other teacher had not. school environ ments were further subdivided into control and experimental groups. Children in the experimental group were exposed to the t angibleK program for a period of 20 hours, taught by their classroom teacher. Children participated in computer programming activities using a developmentally appropri ate tangible programming language, specifically designed to program a robot’s behavior. all 54 participants’ sequencing skills were assessed before and after the intervention using a picture story sequencing task and analyzed using a repeated measures, 2x2x2 design ANOVA. A significant interaction was found between group assignment and test results. no significant interactions were found for school assignment. results are discussed taking into account class size, teacher experience, and teacher comfort level with technology.
Bayesian inference of protein–protein interactions from biological literature

Motivation: Protein–protein interaction (PPI) extraction from published biological articles has attracted much attention because of the importance of protein interactions in biological processes. Despite significant progress, mining PPIs from literatures still rely heavily on time-and resource-consuming manual annotations. Results: In this study, we developed a novel methodology based on Bayesian networks (BNs) for extracting PPI triplets (a PPI triplet consists of two protein names and the corresponding interaction word) from unstructured text. The method achieved an overall accuracy of 87% on a cross-validation test using manually annotated dataset. We also showed, through extracting PPI triplets from a large number of PubMed abstracts, that our method was able to complement human annotations to extract large number of new PPIs from literature. Availability: Programs/scripts we developed/used in the study are available at http://stat.fsu.edu/~jinfeng/datasets/Bio-SI-programs-Bayesian-chowdhary-zhang-liu.zip Contact: jliu@stat.harvard.edu Supplementary information:Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
The beach, the bikini, and the best buy: Replies to Dunn and Weidman, and to Schmitt, Brakus, and Zarantonello

Abstract We reply to commentaries on Gilovich, Kumar & Jampol (2015--in this issue) by Dunn & Weidman (2015-in this issue) and Schmitt, Brakus and Zarantonello (2015-in this issue) . We argue that the distinction between material and experiential purchases is meaningful and important, that experiences can be bought, and that our comparisons of the two have not been confounded by factors such as significance, importance, purchase price, or subjective appeal. We further discuss the potential limitations of populations from which we have sampled, and differences in consumer satisfaction across different time frames. We conclude by embracing the fact that our program of research has generated many open questions and by welcoming further empirical attempts to understand the psychological processes and hedonic consequences that attend these two types of purchases.
Next-day memory impairment with triazolam use

The prevalence, rate, and degree of memory impairment for next-day activities during a short, intermittent course of bedtime doses of triazolam, temazepam, and placebo were assessed in a double-blind parallel-group study. 5 of the 6 subjects in the triazolam group reported at least one episode of next-day memory impairment/amnesia, with a total of 12 episodes being reported for the 30 subject-drug nights (a rate of 40%). In the temazepam group there were no such episodes of memory impairment. Immediate and delayed recall were also tested and related to whether active drug or placebo had been taken the night before. Impairment of delayed recall was significantly and several times greater than that in the temazepam or placebo groups. Next-day memory impairment/amnesia after a bedtime dose of triazolam tended to increase with continued or intermittent drug use. Cognitive impairments associated with triazolam probably represent a spectrum of organic brain dysfunction, with memory impairment/amnesia and confusion being the commonest, and milder manifestations and hallucinations and delusions the more severe and less common, features.
The trouble with carrots: Transaction costs, conflict expectations, and economic inducements

(1999). The trouble with carrots: Transaction costs, conflict expectations, and economic inducements. Security Studies: Vol. 9, Power and the Purse: Economic Statecraft, Interdependence, and National Security, pp. 188-218.
DoD electronic commerce/electronic data interchange (EC/EDI) systems modeling and simulation

To facilitate and modernize procurement procedures, the Department of Defense (DoD) has taken new initiatives to develop an advanced system architecture for electronic commerce (EC) using electronic data interchange (EDI). Modeling and simulation techniques will support key decisions for the evolving EC/EDI system. Computing and communications processes to handle EC/EDI transactions are implemented using ANSI X12 and X.435 protocols and will be constantly improved. Scientific traffic characterizations and forecasting must be conducted prior to EC/EDI infrastructure designs. Modern parallel-processing technologies will aid in handling different types of transactions among purchasing officers, vendors, and various intermediary databases, computer processors, and communications networks. DoD is planning to modernize and expand the existing information system infrastructure for handling increasing EC/EDI traffic and services.
Despair by Association? The Mental Health of Mothers with Children by Recently Incarcerated Fathers:

A burgeoning literature considers the consequences of mass imprisonment for the well-being of adult men and—albeit to a lesser degree—their children. Yet virtually no quantitative research consider...
Control of Turbulent Combustion Flow Inside a Gas Turbine Combustion Chamber Using Plasma Actuators

In this paper, effects of a standard plasma actuator on non-premixed turbulent reacting flows in a unique gas turbine combustion chamber have been studied numerically. The computational simulation is conducted by employing the Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) approach. Chemical reaction kinetics has been modeled using the eddy dissipation concept (EDC) model. The numerical simulation has been carried out by Finite Element Methods. High voltage potential between two copper electrodes separated by a dielectric material has been applied which leads to the generation of plasma and an electric field, which creates a body force. It was found that by orienting the plasma force in the desired direction, combustion rate can be accelerated or controlled. The numerical results have been presented through velocity, temperature, and species concentration profiles under different combustion conditions.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Evaluation of Partial Least Squares Parameter Recovery.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of Partial Least Squares under less-than-ideal conditions selected to imitate real-world data. A simulation study with a 3×3×2×2 design was conducted. The design and data features of interest were sample size (50, 300, 1000), number of items per latent variable (3, 5, 7), degree of model misspecification (correctly specified, misspecified), and nature of the relationships between items and latent variables in the measurement models (reflective, formative). Bias of model parameter estimates, and bias and accuracy of standard error estimates were examined to evaluate the performance of PLS for each experimental condition.
Molybdenum and Tungsten Alkylidene and Metallacyclobutane Complexes That Contain a Dianionic Biphenolate Pincer Ligand

Molybdenum imido alkylidene and tungsten oxo alkylidene complexes that contain a tridentate “pincer” [ONO]2– ligand have been prepared and treated with ethylene to give unsubstituted metallacyclobutane complexes that have a 16e count. Both Mo and W metallacyclobutane complexes exchange C2D4 into the metallacyclobutane ring at 22 °C at a rate that is first order in metal and zero order in C2D4. These metallacycles lose ethylene at least 104–105 times slower than reported 14e unsubstituted Mo and W metallacyclobutane complexes that have been explored in the literature that have a TBP geometry with the metallacyclobutane ring bound in the equatorial positions. Our studies suggest that breaking up the metallacyclobutane ring in these 16e d0 Mo or W complexes is slow because a 14e TBP metallacyclobutane complex cannot be accessed readily.
Investigating a holobiont: Microbiota perturbations and transkingdom networks

The scientific community has recently come to appreciate that, rather than existing as independent organisms, multicellular hosts and their microbiota comprise a complex evolving superorganism or m...
Flashlamp-Pumped Dye and Excimer Laser Planarization of Thin Metal Films

The fundamental differences between excimer (≈ 30 ns pulse duration) and flashlamp-pumped dye (≈ 500 ns pulse duration) laser planarization are examined for 1.5-2 µm thick gold films over SiO 2 layers. Test structures containing bar patterns (square waves) of 5000 A peak-to-trough amplitude with spatial periods ranging from 10 µm to 100 µm were prepared and laser-irradiated. A linear model is presented which describes the time-evolution of the film's surface topography when melted with a dye laser pulse. Excimer laser planarization is found to be susceptible to evaporative recoil effects which may cause undesired pattern amplification.
Plasmon-Enhanced Photoconductivity in Amorphous Silicon Thin Films by Use of Thermally Stable Silica-Coated Gold Nanorods

Enhancement of solar photovoltaics by integrating cells with metal nanoparticles is of potential interest to reduce the usage of semiconductor material. Appropriately shaped metal particles to optimize spectral response have inadequate thermal stability to withstand standard semiconductor processing. We synthesize silica-capped gold nanorods that maintain nonspherical shapes to over 600 °C and show that they can increase photoconductivity in thin films of amorphous silicon by much more than a factor of 2 across the entire visible spectrum. We also report mechanistic studies of this phenomenon that show that much of this effect is primarily due to strong near-field light concentration rather than scattering as has often been assumed.
Separation of serum alkaline phosphatases by micro starch gel electrophoresis.

A micro starch method for the electrophoresis of serum alkaline phosphatases has been developed. Satisfactory results can be obtained within 5 hr. and the procedure requires minimal technical ability. Sera from 20 normal individuals, 15 adults and 5 children, and 22 patients with elevated total alkaline phosphatases have been analyzed by this method. Five zones of alkaline phosphatase have been noted, and the patterns produced can be related to three different groups of diseases, i.e., bone diseases, hepatocellular diseases, and elevated phosphatase due to biliary obstruction or hepatic metastases.
Clinal genetic variation at enzyme loci in bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) from the western United States.

Five polymorphic enzyme loci of about 50 sampled were discovered in blood extracts of bald eagles from Alaska, Washington, Oregon, and Arizona, representing the first biochemical genetic variation described for the species. All five loci exhibited trends of north-to-south clinical geographic variation in gene frequencies. Gene frequencies at three loci culminated in fixation in the Arizona population, which consists of 12 known breeding pairs. The Arizona birds were maximally heterozygous at the other two loci, suggesting the possibility of maintenance of some clines by natural selection. No significant discontinuities in gene frequencies were observed which correlated with earlier descriptions of two subspecies (northern and southern races) of bald eagles.
Light-weight access control oriented toward Android

Computer user could login Android with root privilege after connection between computer and Android was built through USB interface.This privilege leakage exposed user's privacy date on cell phone to the potential attacker and trojan program.Aiming at this vulnerability,this paper proposed a light-weight method for controlling access on Android.This me-thod embedded an access control module in the kernel of Android to control computer's access on Android according the access policies defined beforehand.Simulating experiment shows that this method can protect effectively user's privacy on cell phone with little performance cost.
Biomechanics of the foot and ankle.

Movements of the functional joints of the normal foot and ankle are described, and the involvement of ligament, tendon, and muscle in weight bearing is considered. The role of the sesamoid bones is discussed, the longitudinal arch and plantar fascia are described, and static stance and the dynamics of walking and running are detailed.
Form. Function. Fate

"This missing science of heredity … is, in simple truth, ten times more important to humanity than all the chemistry and physics, all the technical and industrial science that ever has been or ever will be discovered," wrote H. G. Wells in 1903. Having dedicated more than 500 pages to the topic in his new book, The Gene, Siddhartha Mukherjee would seem to agree. The book examines human genetics, from its philosophical roots in the work of Aristotle, through Gregor Mendel's garden and Thomas Hunt Morgan's work on fruitflies, and including active work in genome editing.
Use of Ground-Penetrating Radar to Determine Depth to Compacted Layer in Soils Under Pasture

New Jersey, like many states in the northeastern USA, has a high demand for grazing land for horses. Grazing lands are often intensively used because of the limited possibilities for crop rotation. A ground-penetrating radar (GPR) study was conducted in an area under different management with soils formed in old alluvium and fluviomarine sediments (Ultisols). In the grazing field, no significant signs of compaction were detected with GPR. In the feeding fields, compaction was significant within 24 cm soil from the soil surface. The GPR data were used to generate a contour map representing the depth to the compacted layer. It is concluded that soil compaction can be adequately mapped using GPR.
Eros e Isis, tal pai, tal filha

Resumo Os Sartons, pai e filha sao apresentados, analisados e cotejados neste artigo. George, o pai, era um erudito e historiador da ciencia. A filha era uma artista e poetisa bem conhecida. As origens culturais, as relacoes familiares, as atitudes em relacao a ciencia, ao amor e a sexualidade sao discutidas neste artigo, que assume uma postura muito critica da biografia autorizada de May. O autor sustenta que para entender May, e importante conhecer George, que gerou as “filhas gemeas”, May e Isis, um dos principais periodicos internacionais de historia da ciencia. Abstract The Sartons, father and daughter are presented, analyzed and paralleled in this paper. George, the father, was a scholar and historian of science. The daughter was well known as a poet and woman of letters. Cultural background, family relations, attitudes in life regarding science, love and sexuality, are discussed in this paper, which departs from the treatment in May's authorized biography. The author contends that to understand May, it is important to know George, who fathered the “twins daughters”, May and Isis, one of the major international journal in history of science.
Does Diverting Loop Ileostomy Improve Outcomes Following Open Ileo-Colic Anastomoses? A Nationwide Analysis.

Anastomotic leak is one of the most feared complications of gastrointestinal surgery. Surgeons routinely perform a diverting loop ileostomy (DLI) to protect high-risk colo-rectal anastomoses. The NSQIP database was queried from 2012 to 2013 for patients undergoing open ileo-colic resection with and without a DLI. The primary outcome was the development of any anastomotic leak—including those managed operatively and non-operatively. Secondary outcomes included overall complication rate, return to the OR, readmission, and 30-day mortality. Four thousand one hundred fifty-nine patients underwent open ileo-colic resection during the study period. One hundred eighty-six (4.5 %) underwent a DLI. Factors associated with the addition of a DLI included emergency surgery, pre-operative sepsis, and IBD. There were 197 anastomotic leaks (4.7 %) with 100 patients requiring reoperation (2.4 %). DLI was associated with a decrease in anastomotic leaks requiring reoperation (DLI vs no DLI: 0 (0 %) vs 100 (2.5 %); p = 0.02) and with increased readmission (OR 1.93; 95 % CI 1.30–2.85; p = 0.001). DLI is rarely used for open ileo-colic resection. There were no serious leaks requiring reoperation in the DLI group. A DLI was associated with an almost two-fold increase in the odds of readmission. Surgeons must weigh the reduction in serious leak rate with postoperative morbidity when considering a DLI for open ileo-colic resection.
Prescription Medications that Affect Sexual Function

Multiple drugs are frequently assumed to induce sexual dysfunction as an unwanted side effect. In this chapter we review the known mechanisms of sexual function and how the drugs hypothesized to cause sexual dysfunction are thought to interrupt these pathways. The management of drug-induced sexual dysfunction for physicians can be challenging; here we discuss several management strategies for the treatment of drug-induced sexual dysfunction.
The Meaning of African American College Women's Experiences Attending a Predominantly White Institution: A Phenomenological Study

Because both race and gender are important to the development of African American women, student affairs professionals need to understand the unique experiences of African American women within the context of the college environment. In this phenomenological study, we examined African American women’s lived experiences as college students at a predominantly White institution with a purpose of exploring what meaning African American women ascribe to those experiences. Findings describe the experiences of these women, including themes of multiple worlds, belonging, expectations, awareness of their surroundings, and coping. We suggest implications for college administrators, student affairs professionals, and faculty, as well as offer ideas for future research.
Integrated pricing and lot-sizing decisions in a serial supply chain

Abstract In this article, we consider a serial supply chain controlled by a decision-maker who is responsible for deciding the amount of raw material to order from the selected suppliers, the amount of product to transfer between consecutive stages in order to avoid any inventory shortages, and the final product's selling price so that the profit per time unit is maximized. Coordinating all these decisions simultaneously is a topic that has been neglected in literature. This integrated process is modeled as a mixed-integer nonlinear programming model. In addition, the model requires the order quantity received from each selected supplier to be an integer multiple of the order quantity delivered to the following stage, which means that a different multiplicative factor can be assigned to each supplier. This coordination mechanism shows an improvement in the objective function compared to existing models that assign the same multiplicative factor to each selected supplier. Moreover, we develop a heuristic algorithm that generates near optimal solutions in a timely manner. Two numerical examples are presented to illustrate the proposed model and the heuristic algorithm.
Disconnect to Connect: Emotional Responses to Loss of Technology During Hurricane Sandy

Abstract A fair amount has been written about the use of social media (e.g., Twitter, Facebook, and YouTube) before, during, and after Hurricane Sandy by government agencies, corporations, nonprofit organizations, volunteer groups, and individuals to provide ongoing communication to response partners and to share much needed information to the community affected. However, little has been written about the loss of media technology and its impact on emotions and intra- and interpersonal communication on those affected but not directly devastated by the storm. This practitioner’s phenomenological study examined the loss and change of media communication during and after Hurricane Sandy through the “lived experiences” of 49 east coast community college students. The findings suggest that limited or loss of media technology had impact on family, community, inter-, and intrapersonal communication dynamics which manifested in competing feelings of mindfulness and powerlessness.
Improved design and characterization of PLGA/PLA-coated Chitosan based micro-implants for controlled release of hydrophilic drugs.

Abstract Repetitive intravitreal injections of Methotrexate (MTX), a hydrophilic chemotherapeutic drug, are currently used to treat selected vitreoretinal (VR) diseases, such as intraocular lymphoma. To avoid complications associated with the rapid release of MTX from the injections, a Polylactic acid (PLA) and Chitosan (CS)-based MTX micro-implant prototype was fabricated in an earlier study, which showed a sustained therapeutic release rate of 0.2–2.0 µg/day of MTX for a period ∼1 month in vitro and in vivo. In the current study, different combinations of Poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA)/PLA coatings were used for lipophilic surface modification of the CS-MTX micro-implant, such as PLGA 5050, PLGA 6535 and PLGA 7525 (PLA: PGA – 50:50, 65:35, 75:25, respectively; M.W: 54,400 – 103,000) and different PLA, such as PLA 100 and PLA 250 (MW: 102,000 and 257,000, respectively). This improved the duration of total MTX release from the coated CS-MTX micro-implants to ∼3–5 months. With an increase in PLA content in PLGA and molecular weight of PLA, a) the initial burst of MTX and the mean release rate of MTX can be reduced; and b) the swelling and biodegradation of the micro-implants can be delayed. The controlled drug release mechanism is caused by a combination of diffusion process and hydrolysis of the polymer coating, which can be modulated by a) PLA content in PLGA and b) molecular weight of PLA, as inferred from Korsmeyer Peppas model, Zero order, First order and Higuchi model fits. This improved micro-implant formulation has the potential to serve as a platform for controlled release of hydrophilic drugs to treat selected VR diseases.