cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Clinical Analysis of 6 Neonates with Disease of MMA

Objective:To improve the pediatrician’s knowledge of methylmalonic acidemia(MMA).Method:6 cases of neonate with disease of MMA by the way of retrospective analysis were studied.Result:The main clinical feature of 6 neonates with MMA was feeded hardly,reacting badly, jaundice repeatedly,limbs trembling,plate-reduction,anemia,hyperammonemia and so on.The urine of 6 patients was detected by GC/MS.Higher methylmalonic acid level was found in the 6 patients.The booster dosage of vitaminB12 was administered as soon as diagnosis was made on 4 patients. The intake of protein was limited.The clinical symptom of 2 patients was improved obviously prior to discharge.Period of follow-up 2 patients were good in nutrition,physical constitution and development,but low muscular tension and hypoevolutism were found in 2 patients.2 patients were died before the diagnosis was made.Conclusion:The clinical feature of MMA is not obvious.When curative effect of symptomatic treatment is bad,the urine and the blood of the patients should be detected by GC/MS so as to identify the diagnosis and treat in time.
Unsteady Equilibrium on Urban Traffic Network with Location Choice

The unsteady equilibrium state of traffic network has been studied in this paper to improve the current theory of urban traffic flow equilibrium.By adding virtual nodes and virtual links to actual network,that is,the way of building super-network,decision-makings,such as traveling or not and where to go and which path to choose,were put in an abstract network.Then through using variational inequality in a single network,the unsteady equilibrium issue of traffic network can be transformed to the general traffic assignment problem that is easy to be solved.Through deep analysis of the final simplified problem, two conclusions were drawn.The results show that only by considering traveler's decision on whether to go on a trip and where to go will the result of traffic assignment be closer to the real life,and that the unsteady equilibrium state of traffic network does exist,in that the higher the cost standard of traveling or not is,the bigger the actual traffic flow on the network will be.
A New Leafmining Moth (Cameraria cotinivora, Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) of the American Smoketree (Cotinus obovatus)

Abstract. Fieldwork in the Ozark Mountains of the central United States by GRG over the last decade involving the American smoketree, Cotinus obovatus Raf. (Anacardiaceae), has resulted in the discovery of a previously unknown moth species belonging to the genus Cameraria (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae). The larva of this species mines the leaf mesophyll of this tree, creating serpentine mines most visible from the upper (adaxial) surface of the leaf. The most closely related species to Cameraria cotinivora, n. sp. is Cameraria guttifinitella (Clemens), a common leafminer of poison ivy, Toxicodendron radicans (L.) Kuntze (Anacardiaceae). Illustrations of both species are provided as well as a COI analysis of their genetic relationship.
An Evolutionary Optimization Control System for Remote Sensing Image Processing

Remote sensing image analysis has been a topic of ongoing research for many years and has led to paradigm shifts in the areas of resource management and global biophysical monitoring. Due to distortions caused by variations in signal/image capture and environmental changes, there is not a definite model for image processing tasks in remote sensing and such tasks are traditionally approached on a case-by-case basis. Intelligent control, however, can streamline some of the case-by-case scenarios and allow for faster, more accurate image processing to aid in more accurate remote sensing image analysis. This chapter will provide an evolutionary control system via two Darwinian particle swarm optimizations—one a novel application of DPSO—coupled with remote sensing image processing to help in the analysis of image data.
Bridging the multi phase-field and molecular dynamics models for the solidification of nano-crystals

Abstract We present a computational analysis of the multi-grain solidification behavior of a crystal-melt nickel (Ni) system at a moderate undercooling degree via both a molecular dynamics (MD) and a phase field model (PFM). The required simulation parameters for the PFM analysis are extracted from the MD analysis employing embedded atom (EAM) potentials thus leveraging the dual approach. The good agreement of the solidification dynamics as predicted by both the PFM and MD approaches at the nano- temporal and spatial length scales, indicates the feasibility of bridging the MD and PFM simulations in the statistical mean sense. This is achieved by parameterizing the PFM by materials properties obtained from MD and by characterizing the contribution of individual physical quantities through the PFM approach. Throughout this approach, we can more closely relate MD and PFM analysis, which can potentially enable better predictions of the themodynamic and kinetic processes of solidification, melting, and phase transformation processes with the PFM approach when is based on MD simulations.
Hyalinizing spindle cell tumor with giant rosettes - A soft tissue tumor with mesenchymal and neuroendocrine features: An immunohistochemical, ultrastructural, and cytogenetic analysis

c Context.—Hyalinizing spindle cell tumor with giant rosettes is a recently described biphasic neoplasm of soft tissues that shares mesenchymal and neuroendocrine features. Its morphologic structure is distinctive, with the presence of hyalinized paucicellular foci that are termed rosettes. The cells around the latter display positive immunoreactivity for neuroendocrine markers. The small number of cases described to date indicates that they tend to be localized in the extremities. Objective.—To describe the clinicopathologic features of 2 unusual cases of hyalinizing spindle cell tumor with giant rosettes. Methods and Results.—One tumor was located in the prestyloid parapharyngeal space and the second in the left thigh. Both tumors were well circumscribed and surrounded by a thin capsulelike fibrous band without infiltrating projections. The rosettes were embedded in a spindle cell proliferation. Immunohistochemical stains showed positive results for S100 protein, synaptophysin, CD57, protein gene product 9.5, and neuron-specific enolase exclusively in the cells palisading the rosettes. These markers were negative in the spindle cell portions of the tumor. The latter were immunoreactive for factor XIIIa, vimentin, HAM56, collagen IV, and CD68. Vimentin was the only marker shared by the rosette-forming cells and the spindle cells. Ultrastructurally, the rosette-forming cells contained neurosecretory granules. This study describes the first cytogenetic analysis in this type of tumor revealing 2 cell lines, both containing a balanced translocation between chromosomes 7 and 16. Follow-up of the patients at 16 and 8 months did not disclose evidence of recurrence. Conclusions.—These 2 new cases increase the awareness of hyalinizing spindle cell tumor with giant rosettes and demonstrate that it is a spindle cell neoplasm of unique cytogenetic rearrangements composed of dendritic, histiocytic, and fibroblastic cells admixed with cells that have neuroendocrine differentiation. (Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2000;124:1179‐1184)
Initial Results of a New Composite-Weighted Algorithm for Dual-Polarized X-Band Rainfall Estimation

AbstractData analyses for the mobile Iowa X-band polarimetric (XPOL) radar from a long-duration rain event that occurred during the NASA Iowa Flood Studies (IFloodS) field campaign are presented. A network of six 2D video disdrometers (2DVDs) is used to derive four rain-rate estimators for the XPOL-5 radar. The rain accumulation validations with a collocated network of twin and triple tipping-bucket rain gauges have highlighted the need for combined algorithms because no single estimator was found to be sufficient for all cases considered. A combined version of weighted and composite algorithms is introduced, including a new R(Ah, Zdr) rainfall estimator for X band, where Ah is the specific attenuation for horizontal polarization and Zdr is the differential reflectivity. Based on measurement and algorithm errors, the weights are derived to be as piecewise constant functions over reflectivity values. The weights are later turned into continuous functions using smoothing splines. A methodology to derive the...
Selective vulnerabilities and biomarkers in neurocognitive aging

As the world's population continues to age, an understanding of the aging brain becomes increasingly crucial. This review focuses on several recent ideas and findings in the study of neurocognitive aging, specifically focusing on episodic memory, and discusses how they can be considered and used to guide us moving forward. Topics include dysfunction in neural circuits, the roles of neurogenesis and inhibitory signaling, vulnerability in the entorhinal cortex, individual differences, and comorbidities. These avenues of study provide a brief overview of promising themes in the field and together provide a snapshot of what we believe will be important emerging topics in selective vulnerabilities in the aging brain.
Adapting Meaning-Centered Psychotherapy in Advanced Cancer for the Chinese Immigrant Population

The Chinese immigrant community faces multiple barriers to quality cancer care and cancer survivorship. Meaning-centered psychotherapy (MCP) is an empirically-based treatment shown to significantly reduce psychological distress while increasing spiritual well-being and a sense of meaning and purpose in life in advanced cancer patients. However, it has not yet been adapted for racial and ethnic minority populations for whom the concept of "meaning" may likely differ from that of westernized White populations. In this study, we conducted a community needs assessment to inform the cultural adaptation of MCP for Chinese patients with advanced cancer, in accordance with Bernal et al. ecological validity model and the cultural adaptation process model of Domenech-Rodriquez and Weiling. We conducted interviews until saturation with 11 key Chinese-serving community leaders and health professionals with a range of areas of expertise (i.e. oncology, psychology, palliative care, cancer support services), to examine community needs, priorities, and preferences within the context of the MCP intervention. Sessions were audio recorded and transcribed. The research team analyzed the transcripts using Atlas.ti. Six frequently occurring themes were identified. Interviewees described the role of the family, traditional Chinese values, cancer stigma, and social norms (e.g. saving face) in adapting MCP. Researchers and clinicians should consider the role of the family in treatment, as well as specific social and cultural values and beliefs in adapting and delivering MCP for Chinese patients with advanced cancer.
Observing Framework Expansion of Ordered Mesoporous Hard Carbon Anodes with Ionic Liquid Electrolytes via in Situ Small-Angle Neutron Scattering

The reversible capacity of materials for energy storage, such as battery electrodes, is deeply connected with their microstructure. Here, we address the fundamental mechanism by which hard mesoporous carbons, which exhibit high capacities versus Li, achieve stable cycling during the initial “break-in” cycles with ionic liquid electrolytes. Using in situ small-angle neutron scattering we show that hard carbon anodes that exhibit reversible Li+ cycling typically expand in volume up to 15% during the first discharge cycle, with only relatively minor expansion and contraction in subsequent cycles after a suitable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) has formed. While a largely irreversible framework expansion is observed in the first cycle for the 1-methyl-1-propypyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (MPPY.TFSI) electrolyte, reversible expansion is observed in the electrolyte lithium bis(trifluoro-methanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI)/1-ethyl-3-methyl-imidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulf-onyl)imide (EMIM.TF...
Measuring an Academic Library’s Performance and Service: A Case Study in Georgia Southern University Library

This paper shares the Georgia Southern University Library’s experience of LibQUAL in user-centered and service-oriented academic learning environment. On the basis of reviewing the library literature on LibQUAL, this study presents the process of data analysis and data visualization for academic library assessments. Using the 2016 LibQUAL Survey at the Georgia Southern University Library as a sample, this study illustrates basic methods of analyzing and interpreting the LibQUAL Survey Raw Data and User Response Raw Data saved in Excel files. Also mentioned in this study are other common statistical tools and a set of general procedures, including data analysis, data validation, data migration, data mining, and data visualization, for academic library assessments to identify patron needs and satisfactory factors.
Characterization of commercial off-the shelf regenerable sorbent to scrub carbon dioxide in a portable life support system

Abstract A resin bead Mitsubishi DIAION™ CR20 was identified and characterized as a first commercial off-the shelf regenerable carbon dioxide (CO2) sorbent candidate for space life support system applications at room temperature. The CO2 adsorption rates and capacities of CR20 at varying CO2 partial pressures were obtained. The data were used to numerically simulate CO2 adsorption by a swingbed, a pair of two sorbent beds that alternately adsorb and desorb CO2 in a space suit portable life support system (PLSS). The result demonstrated that a reasonable volume of CR20 would be able to continuously adsorb CO2 with bed-swing interval of 4 min at 300-W metabolic rate, and that commercial off-the shelf CR20 would have similar performance of CO2 adsorption to the proprietary swingbed sorbent SA9T for PLSS applications.
The Influence of Cultural Adaptation on Hispanic-Americans and Japanese-Americans

The purpose of this paper is to determine the impact of cultureon the values of Japanese-Americans and Hispanic-Americans. TheJapanese-American sample and Hispanic-American sample are firstlooked at individually to determine which values are more alignedwith the modern culture (American), and which values are morealigned with the traditional culture (Japanese or Hispanic). These two samples are then compared with each other to determinewhich nationality adapts more easily to the new culturalenvironment. Based on these analyses, a predictionregarding the susceptibility of certain values to culturaladaptation is attempted. Finally, the limitations of the presentstudy and the directions for future research are discussed andexplored.
Comparison of Responsiveness and Minimal Clinically Important Difference of the Capabilities of Upper Extremity Test (CUE-T) and the Graded Redefined Assessment of Strength, Sensibility and Prehension (GRASSP)

Background: The Capabilities of Upper Extremity Test (CUE-T) and the Graded Redefined Assessment of Strength, Sensibility and Prehension (GRASSP) were both developed to detect change in upper extremity (UE) function in persons with tetraplegia. Objective: To compare the responsiveness and minimal clinically important difference (MCID) of the CUE-T and the quantitative prehension (QtP) scale of the GRASSP. Methods: Subjects included 69 persons with tetraplegia: 60 with acute and 9 with chronic injuries. Subjects were assessed twice 3 months apart using the CUE-T, QtP-GRASSP, and upper extremity motor scores (UEMS). Subjects rated their impression of change in overall and right/left UE function from -7 to +7. The standardized response mean (SRM) was determined for acute subjects. MCID was estimated using a small subjective change (2-3 points) and change in UEMS. Results: Subjects were 41.9 ± 18.1 years old, neurological levels C1-C7; 25 were motor complete. For acute subjects, the SRMs for total/side CUE-T scores were 1.07/0.96, and for the QtP-GRASSP they were 0.88/0.78. MCIDs based on subjective change for total/side CUE-T scores were 11.7/6.1 points and for QtP-GRASSP were 6.4/3.0 points. Based on change in UEMS, MCIDs for total/side were 11.9/6.3 points for CUE-T and 6.0/3.3 points for QtP-GRASSP. Some subjects had changes in the CUE-T due to its arm items that were not seen with the QtP-GRASSP. Conclusion: Both the CUE-T and QtP-GRASSP are responsive to change in persons with acute cervical spinal cord injury with large SRMs. The CUE-T detects some changes in UE function not seen with the QtP-GRASSP.
Olfactory Receptor Genes: Human Loss During Evolution

Olfactory receptor (OR) genes constitute the basis of the sense of smell and are encoded by the largest mammalian gene family, which consists of more than 1000 genes. While the OR gene repertoires of mouse, rat, dog, chimpanzee, and human are roughly the same size, the number of intact, putatively functional OR genes is much higher in rodents and dogs compared to the chimpanzee, and, among mammals surveyed to date, is lowest in humans. Humans continue to lose OR genes by accumulating null mutations, a subset of which are still segregating in human populations today.
Calpain II in human lens.

The purposes of the current study were to: determine if human lenses contain calpain II (EC.34.22.17) activity, measure the effect of aging and anatomical location on lens calpain II activity, and determine if human lenses contain the endogenous calpain inhibitor calpastatin. Both enzymatic and immunologic assays indicated that human lenses contained calpain II activity. Calpain II activity was highest in the cortex of lenses from young donors, and lowest in the nucleus of aged lenses, where it was sometimes nondetectable. In some cases, calpain II activity persisted in the nucleus of lenses from donors greater than 70 years of age. Human lenses also contained endogenous calpain inhibitor (calpastatin) in excess over calpain enzymatic activity. Calpastatin activity did not decrease during aging. Although human lenses contained approximately 3% of the calpain activity found in rat lenses, calpain II may still be a major endopeptidase in human lenses. Demonstration of calpain II in human lenses suggested that calpain II could be involved in both lens maturation and cataract formation. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 30:269-275,1989 Calpains are nonlysosomal proteases containing a cysteine residue in the active site, having neutral pH optima, and an absolute dependence on calcium for catalytic activity. 1 Two types of calpain exist in most tissues, one requiring fimolar calcium for activation (calpain I), and one requiring mmolar calcium for activation (calpain II). 2 The precise biological function of these ubiquitous proteases in different tissues is not clear. However, they cause limited proteolysis resulting in activation of protein kinase C in platelets and neutrophils, degradation of membrane cytoskeletal proteins in erythrocytes, processing of neurofilament and microtubule proteins and neuropeptides in brain, and metabolic turnover of myonbrils in muscle. 3
The Phylogeny of Osteopontin—Analysis of the Protein Sequence

Osteopontin (OPN) is important for tissue remodeling, cellular immune responses, and calcium homeostasis in milk and urine. In pathophysiology, the biomolecule contributes to the progression of multiple cancers. Phylogenetic analysis of 202 osteopontin protein sequences identifies a core block of integrin-binding sites in the center of the protein, which is well conserved. Remarkably, the length of this block varies among species, resulting in differing distances between motifs within. The amino acid sequence SSEE is a candidate phosphorylation site. Two copies of it reside in the far N-terminus and are variably affected by alternative splicing in humans. Between those motifs, birds and reptiles have a histidine-rich domain, which is absent from other species. Just downstream from the thrombin cleavage site, the common motif (Q/I)(Y/S/V)(P/H/Y)D(A/V)(T/S)EED(L/E)(-/S)T has been hitherto unrecognized. While well preserved, it is yet without assigned function. The far C-terminus, although very different between Reptilia/Aves on the one hand and Mammals on the other, is highly conserved within each group of species, suggesting important functional roles that remain to be mapped. Taxonomic variations in the osteopontin sequence include a lack of about 20 amino acids in the downstream portion, a small unique sequence stretch C-terminally, a lack of six amino acids just upstream of the RGD motifs, and variable length insertions far C-terminally.
Cytoskeletal cryptography: structure and mechanism of an eraser.

The ‘tubulin code’, a set of post-translational modifications to the microtubule cytoskeleton that include removal of the C-terminal Tyr of α-tubulin, regulates the biological function of the polymer. Three studies now report structures of VASH1–SVBP and VASH2–SVBP heterodimers and provide insights into how these proteases recognize and cleave the terminal Tyr of α-tubulin.
Polyomavirus (BK) cytopathic effect in urine cytology is not associated with high risk of developing high-grade urothelial carcinoma.

Introduction Polyomavirus cytopathic effect (BK-CPE) is classified as “negative for high-grade urothelial carcinoma” (NHGUC) in the Paris System for Reporting Urinary Cytology. However, polyomaviruses have been historically associated with tumor development and have been recently reported as an independent risk factor for renourinary carcinoma in transplant patients. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between polyomavirus infection in the urinary tract and the subsequent risk of developing high-grade urothelial carcinoma (HGUC) in the general population. Materials and methods: A retrospective case-control study was conducted to assess BK-CPE in all urinary cytology examinations performed from 2009 to 2011 for cases with an interpretation of NHGUC, NHGUC with BK, atypical urothelial cells (AUCs), or AUCs with BK. The endpoint of the present study was a diagnosis of HGUC on either bladder biopsy or urine cytology for those patients with subsequent follow-up data. Results A total of 252 cases with a urinary cytology interpretation of NHGUC, 234 with NHGUC + BK, 255 with AUCs, and 64 with AUCs + BK were identified. The surgical and cytological follow-up data showed that the overall risk of the development of HGUC for those with NHGUC, NHGUC + BK, AUCs, and AUCs + BK was 6.0%, 6.8%, 23.5%, and 12.5%, respectively. No statistically significant differences were found between the patients with NHGUC and those with NHGUC + BK. A statistically significant difference was found for patients with AUCs compared with patients with NHGUC + BK and those with AUCs + BK (P Conclusions The presence of BK-CPE in urine cytology samples does not increase the overall risk of the development of HGUC. Our results support the recommendation from the Paris System for Reporting Urinary Cytology to place urine samples with BK-CPE in the NHGUC category.
Machine Learning for a Music Glove Instrument.

A music glove instrument equipped with force sensitive, flex and IMU sensors is trained on an electric piano to learn note sequences based on a time series of sensor inputs. Once trained, the glove is used on any surface to generate the sequence of notes most closely related to the hand motion. The data is collected manually by a performer wearing the glove and playing on an electric keyboard. The feature space is designed to account for the key hand motion, such as the thumb-under movement. Logistic regression along with bayesian belief networks are used learn the transition probabilities from one note to another. This work demonstrates a data-driven approach for digital musical instruments in general.
Chapter 49 – Slowing Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease

Early identification of CKD provides an opportunity to implement therapies to improve kidney function and slow progression. To understand the epidemiology of progression, normal and CKD-related rates of decline in kidney function must be defined. Competing risks exist when occurrence of death and development of ESRD are considered. Common pathophysiologic mechanisms underlie the progression of most kidney diseases, including glomerular capillary hypertension, renal fibrosis, podocyte loss, proteinuria and activation of systems such as the RAAS and intrarenal activation of developmental and injury pathways. These pathophysiologic factors present potential targets for therapy. Controlling blood pressure may be critical in achieving clinically important outcomes. Therapy directed at inhibiting the RAAS remains the mainstay of treatment. Single agent inhibition of this system is as efficacious as dual blockade with fewer adverse effects. Other therapies include correction of metabolic acidosis, dietary protein restriction, and new models for delivering care to patients with CKD. Emerging therapies targeting endothelin, uric acid, kidney fibrosis, oxidant stress, and kidney augmentation hold promise for the future.
Increased seed carbohydrate reserves associated with domestication influence the optimal seminal root number of Zea mays

Abstract Background and Aims Domesticated maize (Zea mays ssp. mays) generally forms between two and six seminal roots, while its wild ancestor, Mexican annual teosinte (Zea mays ssp. parviglumis), typically lacks seminal roots. Maize also produces larger seeds than teosinte, and it generally has higher growth rates as a seedling. Maize was originally domesticated in the tropical soils of southern Mexico, but it was later brought to the Mexican highlands before spreading to other parts of the continent, where it experienced different soil resource constraints. The aims of this study were to understand the impact of increased seminal root number on seedling nitrogen acquisition and to model how differences in maize and teosinte phenotypes might have contributed to increased seminal root number in domesticated maize. Methods Seedling root architectural models of a teosinte accession and a maize landrace were constructed by parameterizing the functional-structural plant model OpenSimRoot using plants grown in mesocosms. Seedling growth was simulated in a low-phosphorus environment, multiple low-nitrogen environments, and at variable planting densities. Models were also constructed to combine individual components of the maize and teosinte phenotypes. Key Results Seminal roots contributed about 35% of the nitrogen and phosphorus acquired by maize landrace seedlings in the first 25 days after planting. Increased seminal root number improved plant N acquisition under low-N environments with varying precipitation patterns, fertilization rates, soil textures, and planting densities. Models suggested that the optimal number of seminal roots for nutrient acquisition in teosinte is constrained by its limited seed carbohydrate reserves. Conclusions Seminal roots can improve the acquisition of both nitrogen and phosphorus in maize seedlings, and the increase in seed size associated with maize domestication may have facilitated increased seminal root number.
How big is big enough? Surprising responses of a semiarid grassland to increasing deluge size

Climate change has intensified the hydrologic cycle globally, increasing the magnitude and frequency of large precipitation events, or deluges. Dryland ecosystems are expected to be particularly responsive to increases in deluge size, as their ecological processes are largely dependent on distinct soil moisture pulses. To better understand how increasing deluge size will affect ecosystem function, we conducted a field experiment in a native semiarid shortgrass steppe (Colorado, USA). We quantified ecological responses to a range of deluge sizes, from moderate to extreme, with the goal of identifying response patterns and thresholds beyond which ecological processes would not increase further (saturate). Using a replicated regression approach, we imposed single deluges that ranged in size from 20 to 120 mm (82.3rd to >99.9th percentile of historical event size) on undisturbed grassland plots. We quantified pre- and postdeluge responses in soil moisture, soil respiration, and canopy greenness, as well as leaf water potential, growth, and flowering of the dominant grass species (Bouteloua gracilis). We also measured end of season above- and belowground net primary production (ANPP, BNPP). As expected, this water-limited ecosystem responded strongly to the applied deluges, but surprisingly, most variables increased linearly with deluge size. We found little evidence for response thresholds within the range of deluge sizes imposed, at least during this dry year. Instead, response patterns reflected the linear increase in the duration of elevated soil moisture (2-22 days) with increasing event size. Flowering of B. gracilis and soil respiration responded particularly strongly to deluge size (14- and 4-fold increases, respectively), as did ANPP and BNPP (~60% increase for both). Overall, our results suggest that this semiarid grassland will respond positively and linearly to predicted increases in deluge size, and that event sizes may need to exceed historical magnitudes, or occur during wet years, before responses saturate.
Preliminary feasibility of a physical therapy protocol following surgical stabilization of rib fractures

Background: Surgical stabilization of rib fractures (SSRFs) is increasing in popularity. During the operation, disruption of the chest wall musculature occurs, which may affect chest wall and glenohumeral–scapular movement. Although postoperative physical therapy (PT) is widely recommended, specific, validated, protocols for SSRF patients do not exist. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and safety of a PT protocol specifically designed for SSRF patients. Methods: This was a pilot study of all SSRF patients admitted to a single level-I trauma center between December 2017 and February 2019. Included patients received a PT evaluation within 72 h of operation. This evaluation included implementation of specific PT interventions and a written home exercise program. Objective measures included: patient reported pain scores, shoulder strength, chest expansion, spirometry, and the disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand (DASH) survey. These measures were obtained at initial inpatient evaluation, 1–week and 1–month post discharge in an outpatient visit, and at 3 months through telephone DASH survey. Results: Nineteen patients were analyzed. Patients were primarily male (74%), suffering from blunt trauma, with a median 8 (interquartile range [IQR]: 7–10) rib fractures and Injury Severity Score (ISS) of 17 (12–23). The median (IQR) time from SSRF to PT evaluation was 1 (1–2) day. Median chest expansion doubled from PT evaluation to 1–month follow–up (1.9 cm PT evaluation; 2.5 cm 1 week; 4.5 cm 1–month, P = 0.014). The median age-predicted spirometry improved from 29% preoperatively, to 38% at PT evaluation and to 86% at 1-month postdischarge (P ≤ 0.05 for the trend). Shoulder strength improved from PT evaluation to 1–month follow–up. The median DASH scoring improved at all follow–up intervals, with no clinically significant functional impairments at 3 months (86 on PT evaluation; 56 at 1–week, 21 at 1–month; 8 at 3–month phone interview). Conclusion: A specific, novel, PT protocol for patients after SSRF appears to be feasible and safe. Our results demonstrate a significant decrease in patient-perceived disability, improved shoulder strength, chest expansion, and spirometry compared to immediate postoperative levels. Although we cannot determine the effect of the protocol on recovery, our results provide the preliminary data on which to base a larger, randomized trial to determine if a beneficial effect of the protocol is present.
Dis"Like": How Race and Education May Influence the Perceived Costs of Internet Use in the U.S.

The social diversification hypothesis (SDH) examines the benefits of internet communication for disadvantaged individuals. In a novel application, we use it to explore the perceived costs of internet use, particularly Facebook across two different analyses. First, in-depth interviews with 45 socio-economically and racially diverse participants from a midwestern college town revealed that People of Color and those without 4-year degree were more suspicious of Facebook and more likely to have been the victim of an online scam. In contrast, Whites and those with four-year degrees were often overwhelmed by, but resigned to using, Facebook, expressing instead frustration with the perceived socio-emotional limitations of communicating online. Qualitative findings were then triangulated with a 2018 Pew survey of 2,002 U.S. adults: disadvantaged groups perceive greater social and personal costs of being online while advantaged groups are more dependent on the Internet. Findings suggest that the costs of internet use vary by access to social capital. In addition to a novel theoretical application of the SDH, we discuss the need for demographic-specific digital literacy design and corporate policy changes that can help mitigate these costs.
A Trio of Ubiquitin Ligases Sequentially Drive Ubiquitylation and Autophagic Degradation of Dysfunctional Yeast Proteasomes

As central effectors of ubiquitin (Ub)-mediated proteolysis, proteasomes are regulated at multiple levels, including degradation of unwanted or dysfunctional particles via autophagy (termed proteaphagy). In yeast, inactive proteasomes are exported from the nucleus, sequestered into cytoplasmic aggresomes via the Hsp42 chaperone, extensively ubiquitylated, and then tethered to the expanding phagophore by the autophagy receptor Cue5. Here, we demonstrate the need for ubiquitylation driven by the trio of Ub ligases (E3s) San1, Rsp5 and Hul5, which, together with their corresponding E2s, work sequentially to promote nuclear export and Cue5 recognition. Whereas San1 functions prior to nuclear export, Rsp5 and Hul5 likely decorate aggresome-localized proteasomes in concert. Ultimately, topologically complex Ub chain(s) containing both K48 and K63 Ub-Ub linkages are assembled, mainly on the regulatory particle, to generate autophagy-competent substrates. As San1, Rsp5, Hul5, Hsp42, and Cue5 also participate in general proteostasis, proteaphagy likely engages an essential mechanism for eliminating inactive/misfolded proteins. HIGHLIGHTSO_LIUbiquitylation is essential for the autophagic turnover of dysfunctional proteasomes. C_LIO_LIThe San1, Rsp5 and Hul5 E3s act sequentially to drive proteaphagy. C_LIO_LIThe E2s Ubc1, Ubc4 and Ubc5 are collectively required. C_LIO_LIBoth K48- and K63-mediated Ub-Ub linkages are assembled for efficient proteaphagy. C_LI
Dynamic changes in immune gene co-expression networks predict development of type 1 diabetes.

Significant progress has been made in elucidating genetic risk factors influencing Type 1 diabetes (T1D); however, features other than genetic variants that initiate and/or accelerate islet autoimmunity that lead to the development of clinical T1D remain largely unknown. We hypothesized that genetic and environmental risk factors can both contribute to T1D through dynamic alterations of molecular interactions in physiologic networks. To test this hypothesis, we utilized longitudinal blood transcriptomic profiles in The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study to generate gene co-expression networks. In network modules that contain immune response genes associated with T1D, we observed highly dynamic differences in module connectivity in the 600 days (~ 2 years) preceding clinical diagnosis of T1D. Our results suggest that gene co-expression is highly plastic and that connectivity differences in T1D-associated immune system genes influence the timing and development of clinical disease.
Web-based motion detection system for health care

Health care systems are increasingly equipped with wearable body sensors and smart-phones, offering intelligent monitoring and control. The Web of Things (WoT) integrates data from resource-constrained sensors into web applications and allows the realization of smart web-based healthcare systems. In this paper, a fully functional web-based motion detection system for health care is designed and implemented based on predefined requirements. We explored Contiki and its supported low-power wireless standards for 6LoWPAN-based Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) to address issues such as device registration and real-time bidirectional communication. We also designed a motion detection algorithm for this system. Further, a technical evaluation is presented to show the benefits of this kind of web-based healthcare systems in terms of performance and user experience. These methods and statistics are valuable for companies that are developing similar healthcare systems with these new and promising technologies.
A Comparison of Japanese, Korean and American Managerial Decision Styles:: An Exploratory Study

Cultural difference leads to unmatched diversities of managerial decision styles among American, Japanese and Korean groupings when these three groups are studied by means of the Decision Style Inventory.
Examination of Gene Fusion Status in Archival Samples of Alveolar Rhabdomyosarcoma Entered on the Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study-III Trial: A Report from the Children's Oncology Group

Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (ARMS) is a soft tissue cancer in which chromosomal translocations generate PAX3-FKHR and PAX7-FKHR gene fusions. To improve the approach for fusion detection in archival samples, we developed a real-time reverse transcrip-tase-polymerase chain reaction assay for these fusion transcripts. By incorporating consensus primers and gene-specific probes, both presence and subtype of the fusion were determined in one assay. We applied this approach to a convenience sample of 78 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded ARMS tumors from the Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study (IRS)-III clinical trial and obtained satisfactory results in 59 (76%) cases. The distribution of fusion types was 35 (59%) PAX3-FKHR, 11 (19%) PAX7-FKHR, and 13 fusionnegative (22%). In a subsequent clinical analysis, we found that IRS-III ARMS cases analyzed for fusion status had a significantly improved outcome compared to IRS-III ARMS cases that were not available for fusion analysis. The basis of this outcome could not be explained by known prognostic clinical factors, and multivariate analysis confirmed that our convenience sample was not representative of the whole IRS-III cohort. In conclusion, although these robust assays provide new opportunities for correlative studies of archival material, our first application illustrates an important limitation of using a convenience sample for molecular-clinical correlative studies.
Narratives of African-American Students: Bringing Diverse Voices into Classrooms

Diverse learners may experience barriers to school success and/or be inappropriately placed in special educationprograms due to the traditional reliance on the deficit-based interpretation of their culture-based language use anddiscourse styles. This study focuses on early adolescents’ narrative discourse, one of the critical linguistic factorslinked to school success. Specifically, it compares personal and fictional narratives of African-American andCaucasian students from two narrative perspectives, one consistent with the prevalent classroom narrativeexpectations (Episodic Analysis) and the other congruent with culturally based narrative styles (High Point Analysis).By broadening the scope of narrative analysis beyond the conventional school-based approach, this study aims atproviding a more culturally appropriate portrayal of narrative skills of African-American students and interpret it incongruence with culturally-based narrative styles. The participants were 82 students of varying levels of academicachievement and socio-economic backgrounds. Narrative performance is analyzed in terms of length, structuralorganization, and overall coherence, followed by examples of specific narrative patterns. The results indicate thatwhen narratives are analyzed using High Point Analysis, African-American and Caucasian students demonstratecomparable performance in terms of the narrative length, structural organization and coherence. In contrast, theresults of narrative analysis using Episodic Analysis that focuses on episodic organization promoted within theconventional school narrative expectations indicate several differences across the groups. The results may supporteducators in their attempts to encourage and facilitate diverse narrative voices in their classrooms, as well asmaximize intellectual and socio-emotional benefits of narrative exchanges for African-American students.
Course of Brugia malayi Infection in C57BL/6J NOS2 +/+ and −/− Mice

Previous results from our laboratory using pharmacological approaches suggested a role for nitric oxide (NO) in the host defense against the human filarial parasite, Brugia malayi. We sought to determine whether a complementary genetic approach, using mice homozygous for a targeted mutation in the gene encoding inducible nitric oxide-synthase (NOS2), would confirm our observation. We hypothesized that such mice would exhibit some deficit in their ability to clear B. malayi. Our data show that the course of infection in NOS2-/- mice is the same as in wild-type mice. Thus, peritoneal cellular responses to infection are similar in NOS2-/- and wild-type mice, with the exception that T cells form a higher percentage of total peritoneal cells in the former. We find virtually no serum IgE in NOS2-/- mice, suggesting a less robust Th2 response. In contrast, NOS2-/- mice demonstrate an early rise in IgG2a titers compared to B6 +/+ mice. Our data suggest that NO is not an obligate requirement for the elimination of B. malayi from the peritoneal cavities of mice.
Pressure gradient calculation for air–water heterogeneous mixture flow in a small square horizontal channel based on the in situ parameters and flow pattern coefficient

Abstract The present understanding of even fully developed turbulent flow of a single-phase component in closed channels is not completely satisfactory. In the two-phase or multiphase flow of heterogeneous mixtures like gas–liquids many more independent parameters are involved, thereby making this process more complicated and less amenable to understanding, mathematical modeling and simulating or calculation of such parameter as the length pressure gradient. This paper presents an approach to incorporate flow pattern phenomena into a two-phase flow calculation model by (1) developing a mathematical model for pressure losses in two-phase flow based on in situ parameters, (2) developing and defining a flow pattern coefficient, which incorporates the flow pattern phenomena; and (3) present the developed mathematical model with the incorporation of flow patterns, which demonstrates a significant increase of accuracy of calculations for air–water two-phase mixture flow in a horizontal small square channel.
Mathematically guided approaches to distinguish models of periodic patterning

How periodic patterns are generated is an open question. A number of mechanisms have been proposed – most famously, Turing's reaction-diffusion model. However, many theoretical and experimental studies focus on the Turing mechanism while ignoring other possible mechanisms. Here, we use a general model of periodic patterning to show that different types of mechanism (molecular, cellular, mechanical) can generate qualitatively similar final patterns. Observation of final patterns is therefore not sufficient to favour one mechanism over others. However, we propose that a mathematical approach can help to guide the design of experiments that can distinguish between different mechanisms, and illustrate the potential value of this approach with specific biological examples.
Conformally covariant pseudo-differential operators

Abstract We construct an intrinsically defined conformally covariant pseudo-differential operator of arbitrary real-number order acting on scalar functions. In even dimensions the operator is only well-defined modulo operators of a certain lower order. Our work extends the Graham, Jenne, Mason, and Sparling construction of conformally covariant differential operators.
The Effects of Prior Knowledge and Schema Activation Strategies on the Inferential Reading Comprehension of Children with and without Learning Disabilities.

The present study compared the reading comprehension abilities of students with learning disabilities (LD) and those of both their age peers and their reading-level peers. Reading passages included familiar and unfamiliar topics, so as to assess the use of prior knowledge under varying conditions. All passages tested inferential reading ability, since the answers to test questions could be inferred from content, but were not explicitly stated. Subject activation and experimenter activation of prior knowledge were also compared. All groups benefited from experimenter activation of prior knowledge, but these benefits were most noteworthy for subjects with LD, and when passage topics were unfamiliar. The subjects with LD performed very similarly to their reading-level peers, as opposed to their age peers. Thus, the findings shed some light on the nature of learning disabilities. Implications for instruction are explored.
Nonseminomatous testicular tumor. Comparison of treatment.

Abstract The survival rate of patients with nonseminomatous germinal testicular tumor, havingnegative or positive retroperitoneal nodes at the time of primary diagnosis and treatment (Stages A and B), depends more on the surgical procedure used than the histologic type of tumor or number of positive nodes. Bilateral lymphadenectomy alone appeared to affect the survival rate more favorably, without the addition of radiotherapy (especially in tumors with primary Stage A) as shown by the comparison of survival rate and recurrence of tumor. However, recurrence did appear following node dissection in a significant number of patients with positive or negative nodes on dissection and affected the survival rates. Dissemination of testicular tumors is chiefly via the lymph nodes and lungs, Since this series was nonrandomized, a final conclusion on the role and type of radiotherapy and other adjuvant measures in the management of nonseminomatous testicular tumor cannot be presently concluded. Our results suggest surgical treatment alone may prove more favorable.
A new method to measure intestinal secretion using fluorescein isothiocyanate-inulin in small bowel of rats

Abstract Background Small intestine ischemia can be seen in various conditions such as intestinal transplantation. To further understand the pathologic disruption in ischemia–reperfusion injury, we have developed a method to measure fluid changes in the intestinal lumen of rats. Methods Two 10-cm rat intestine segments were procured, connected to the terminal apertures of a perfusion device, and continuously infused with 3 mL of HEPES solution (control solution) containing 50 μM of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-inulin. The perfusion device consists of concentric chambers that contain the perfused bowel segments, which are maintained at 37°C via H2O bath. The individual chamber has four apertures as follows: two fill and/or drain the surrounding HEPES solution on the blood side of the tissue. The others provide flow of HEPES solution containing FITC-inulin through the lumens. The experimental intestine was infused with the same solution with 100 μM of Forskolin. A pump continuously circulated solutions at 6 mL/min. Samples were collected at 15-min intervals until 150 min and were measured by the nanoflourospectrometer. Results A mean of 6-μM decrease in the FITC-inulin concentration in the Forskolin-treated experimental intestine was observed in comparison with that in the control intestine. The FITC-inulin count dilution in the experimental intestine is a result of an increase of fluid secretion produced by the effect of Forskolin, with P values Conclusions We demonstrate that it is possible to measure luminal fluid changes over time using our new modified perfusion system along with FITC-inulin to allow real-time determinations of fluid and/or electrolyte movement along the small intestine.