cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
11 BINGE DRINKING AS AN UNUSUAL CAUSE OF CENTRAL PONTINE MYLELINOLYSIS.

Introduction Central pontine myelinolysis (CPM) is a symmetric acquired demyelination of the basis pontis. Although hyponatremia and its acute correction have been postulated as causative factors, the etiology remains obscure. We describe an unusual case of alcoholic female who suffered CPM after an episode of binge drinking. Case Presentation A 34-year-old white female with a history of alcoholism had an alcoholic binge for a 2-week period 1 month ago. Initially, the patient had severe nausea and vomiting, limiting her food and water intake; and once she began to recover she began experiencing incoordination and truncal ataxia, which worsened progressively over a 3-week period. Later she developed slurring of speech and dysphagia, which made her ultimately seek medical attention. Patient denied any sensory loss, memory deficits, fever, chills, pain, or weight loss. Laboratory investigations reported Na 142 mmol/L, K 2.3 mmol/L, HCO3 33 mmol/L, total protein 5.1 g/dL, albumin 3.0 g/dL, normal LFTS; negative serum/urine drug screen and heavy metal screen. Lumbar puncture findings were nonspecific. CT scan of the head was unremarkable. MRI of the head demonstrated symmetric high intensity in the central portion of the pontine base, which was further confirmed with the magnetic resonance spectroscopy to be consistent with CPM. Patient was treated supportively with motor function rehabilitation. She had a favorable prognosis and her neurologic symptoms regressed completely in 6 months. Discussion This case highlights an interesting cause of CPM related to binge drinking without any acute iatrogenic correction of hyponatremia. Various pathophysiologic mechanisms can be proposed, including direct toxicity of alcohol on pons; the possibility of an undocumented rapid rise in the serum sodium (as her symptoms occurred during the late stages of binge drinking when the intake of food and water increased and ethanol intake decreased), potentially causing an osmotic injury to the endothelium, resulting in the release of myelinotoxic factors or production of vasogenic edema in the central pons. This case demonstrates that central pontine myelinosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a patient with a history of binge drinking presenting with acute neurologic symptoms. It also illustrates that although, in general, the prognosis is unfavorable, some patients may recover favorably.
Development and evaluation of a novel monitor for online measurement of iron, manganese, and chromium in ambient particulate matter (PM).

Abstract A prototype atmospheric aerosol monitor was developed for online measurement of three toxicologically relevant redox-active metals (Fe, Mn, and Cr) in ambient fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ). The monitor has the unique ability to quantify these metals in specific chemical oxidation states in addition to both their total and water-soluble fractions in the ambient PM 2.5 . This information is critical for advancing our understanding of mechanisms of PM-induced toxicity as well as chemical processing of aerosol in the atmosphere. The metal monitor utilizes a high flow rate aerosol-into-liquid collector to collect ambient PM 2.5 directly as concentrated aqueous slurry samples. The concentrations of target metals in the collected slurries are subsequently measured in a aerosol-into-liquid collector, micro volume flow cell (MVFC) using spectrophotometry to quantify the light absorption of colored complexes resulting from the reaction between the target metals and added analytical reagents. Our experimental evaluation indicated that, overall, this novel monitor can achieve accurate and reliable measurements over long sampling periods (i.e. at least several weeks). The online measurements for all three target elements were in good agreement (i.e., with slopes of the linear regression lines ranging between 0.90 and 1.07, and R 2 values between 0.76 and 0.95) with time-integrated filter samples collected in parallel and analyzed by magnetic sector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (SF-ICPMS). Moreover, this metal monitor can provide semi-continuous measurements (i.e., every 2 h) for at least 5 consecutive days without obvious shortcomings in its field operation. The online monitor measured total concentrations of Fe that ranged between 4.8 and 65.6 ng/m 3 , for Mn from below detection limit to 10.0 ng/m 3 , and for Cr from below detection limit to 6.6 ng/m 3 , respectively. Our results indicate that the developed metal monitor is a promising technology for online measurement and chemical speciation of important redox-active metals in ambient PM 2.5 .
Mating Intelligence Unleashed: The Role of the Mind in Sex, Dating, and Love

1. Introduction: Cupid's Cognitive Arrow 2. "I'm Too Sexy for this Canvas": Why Creativity is Sexy 3. Wanted! Neurotic Mess: The Role of Personality in Mating 4. What's your Cue?: Attractiveness and Mate Choice in the Real World 5. Game Plans: The Highly Contextual Nature of Human Mating Strategies 6. "She Totally Wants Me": In the World of Mating, Biased Perceptions are Everywhere 7. "I Really am a Tall Doctor - And of Course I Love You!": Mind-Reading, Emotional Intelligence, and Deception 8. Do Nice Guys Finish Last?: The Multiple Routes to Mating Success 9. Mating Intelligence Saves the World 10. The Mating Intelligence Scale
The Burden of Obesity, Elevated Blood Pressure, and Diabetes in Uninsured and Underinsured Adolescents

Abstract Background: Obesity, elevated blood pressure (BP), and diabetes mellitus are rising among the general U.S. adolescent population, but prevalence estimates are not available for uninsured or Medicaid populations. Methods: This retrospective epidemiological study extracted 155,139 electronic medical records collected between 1998 and 2012 on patients aged 10–19 years, from a clinical population predominantly uninsured or insured by Medicaid. Age, sex, race, height, weight, BP, and insurance type were captured at first clinic visit. Classifications included obesity (≥95th body mass index percentile), elevated BP (≥90th percentile), and diabetes mellitus (ICD-9-250.xx). Results: Among the 26,696 patients with complete data at first clinic visit, 24.4% were classified as obese and 39.5% had elevated BP. In logistic regression analyses, odds of obesity were significantly higher among uninsured versus commercially insured patients (odds ratio [OR]: 1.1 [95% confidence interval: 1.0–1.2]) and girls (OR: ...
A Review of “Partition: A Play on Ramanujan”

This is a review of the play “Partition” written by Ira Hauptman, dealing with life of the genius Ramanujan, how he came to England to work with G.H. Hardy and how the two collaborated to produce a most remarkable formula for the partition function.
Genre Pedagogy: A Framework to Prepare History Teachers to Teach Language.

This qualitative research study examined how two novice secondary teachers drew on preservice preparation to teach language demands of their content area to bilingual learners in urban high schools in a city in the northeastern United States. Data sources included videotaped class observations, lesson plans and teaching materials, and semistructured interviews to elicit participants' perspectives on how they taught language. Findings suggest that participants integrated significant components of language teaching into content instruction, such as explicit vocabulary instruction and group activities organized around structured interactions with classmates and texts, but did not consistently teach language. The implication is that novice teachers need more guidance to identify and teach linguistic features of content tasks and texts. Accordingly, this article proposes a genre-based framework to teach language illustrated with classroom scenarios that demonstrate how linguistic analysis and cognitive scaffolds can be incorporated into brief targeted activities that support both language and conceptual development. Although recommendations are based on history genres, implications of this analysis may be relevant to a broad group of researchers, teacher educators, and teachers focused on promoting disciplinary literacy in secondary content classes for bilingual learners.
Energetics of feeding, social behavior, and life history in non-human primates

Energy is a variable of key importance to a wide range of research in primate behavioral ecology, life history, and conservation. However, obtaining detailed data on variation in energetic condition, and its biological consequences, has been a considerable challenge. In the past 20years, tremendous strides have been made towards non-invasive methods for monitoring the physiology of animals in their natural environment. These methods provide detailed, individualized data about energetic condition, as well as energy allocations to growth, reproduction, and somatic health. In doing so, they add much-needed resolution by which to move beyond correlative studies to research programs that can discriminate causes from effects and disaggregate multiple correlated features of the social and physical environment. In this review, I describe the conceptual and methodological approaches for studying primate energetics. I then discuss the core questions about primate feeding ecology, social behavior, and life history that can benefit from physiological studies, highlighting the ways in which recent research has done so. Among these are studies that test, and often refute, common assumptions about how feeding ecology shapes primate biology, and those that reveal proximate associations between energetics and reproductive strategies.
Seasonal Variation in Canopy Aerodynamics and the Sensitivity of Transpiration Estimates to Wind Velocity in Broadleaved Deciduous Species

AbstractCharacterization of seasonal dynamics in wind speed attenuation within a plant canopy α is necessary for modeling leaf boundary layer conductance , canopy–atmosphere coupling Ω, and transpiration at multiple scales. The goals of this study were to characterize seasonal variation in α in four tree species with canopy wind profiles and a canopy-structure model, to quantify the impact of α on estimates of and Ω, and to determine the influence of variable wind speed on transpiration estimates from a biophysical model [Multi-Array Evaporation Stand Tree Radiation Assemblage (MAESTRA)]. Among species, α varied significantly with above-canopy wind speed and seasonal canopy development. At the mean above-canopy wind speed (1.5 m s−1), α could be predicted using a linear model with leaf area index as the input variable (coefficient of determination R2 = 0.78). However, the canopy-structure model yielded improved predictions (R2 = 0.92) by including canopy height and leaf width. By midseason, increasing can...
Incorporation of heparin-binding proteins into preformed dextran sulfate-chitosan nanoparticles

Incorporation of proteins into dextran sulfate (DS)-chitosan (CS) nanoparticles (DSCS NPs) is commonly performed using entrapment procedures, in which protein molecules are mixed with DS and CS until particle formation occurs. As DS is an analog of heparin, the authors examined whether proteins could be directly incorporated into preformed DSCS NPs through a heparin binding domain-mediated interaction. The authors formulated negatively-charged DSCS NPs, and quantified the amount of charged DS in the outer shell of the particles. The authors then mixed the DSCS NPs with heparin-binding proteins (SDF-1α, VEGF, FGF-2, BMP-2, or lysozyme) to achieve incorporation. Data show that for DSCS NPs containing 100 nmol charged glucose sulfate units in DS, up to ~1.5 nmol of monomeric or ~0.75 nmol of dimeric heparin-binding proteins were incorporated without significantly altering the size or zeta potential of the particles. Incorporation efficiencies of these proteins were 95%-100%. In contrast, serum albumin or serum globulin showed minimal incorporation (8% and 4%, respectively) in 50% physiological saline, despite their large adsorption in water (80% and 92%, respectively). The NP-incorporated SDF-1α and VEGF exhibited full activity and sustained thermal stability. An in vivo aerosolization study showed that NP-incorporated SDF-1α persisted in rat lungs for 72 h (~34% remaining), while free SDF-1α was no longer detectable after 16 h. As many growth factors and cytokines contain heparin-binding sites/domains, incorporation into preformed DSCS NPs could facilitate in vivo applications of these proteins.
De novo 2p16.1 microdeletion with metastatic esophageal adenocarcinoma

Microdeletions involving chromosome 2p15-16.1 are a rare genetic abnormality and have been reported in 18 separate patients, mainly children, since 2007. This microdeletion syndrome is characterised by a heterogeneous expression of intellectual impairment, dysmorphic facies, musculoskeletal abnormalities and potential neurodevelopmental anomalies. We report the first case of natural progression in an adult patient who died at a young age of metastatic esophageal adenocarcinoma. Important learning points include the variable phenotypic expression of this microdeletion syndrome and the fact that clinicians must be thorough in investigating objective discrepancies in patients who cannot endorse classical symptoms.
Phase II study of bevacizumab and vorinostat for recurrent glioblastoma.

2034 Background: Prognosis for recurrent glioblastoma (GBM) remains dismal with a 9-15% 6-month progression-free survival (PFS). However, the addition of bevacizumab (BEV), a humanized monoclonal I...
The History of Fashion Journalism

By Kate Nelson BestLondon: Bloomsbury Academic, 2017, 287 pp.The term “fashion journalism” covers a great deal of rich material: magazines dedicated to fashion, fashion columns in newspapers, women...
SafeNVM: A Non-Volatile Memory Store with Thread-Level Page Protection

For many big data applications, non-volatile memory (NVM) can be utilized to store and process the data at faster rate due to its high-performance, scalable technology, DRAM-like interface and low energy requirement. NVMs such as phase change memory and memristor allow the applications to store persistent data directly in memory, and avoid data serialization and deserialization. However, NVM, like volatile memory, is susceptible to data corruption from software bugs. In this work, we present a paradigm shift from current process-based page-protection to a thread-based solution specifically designed for NVM. We have developed SafeNVM, a reliable NVM store to support application-specific data formats. SafeNVM will enable the NVM to provide strong data protection while delivering high performance access. We propose a simple hardware change in TLB and page table entry and exploit bound checking inherent to swizzled pointers. We show that SafeNVM is reliable against a collection of stray writes and the cost to achieve such protection is small.
mTOR Inhibition Restores Amino Acid Balance in Cells Dependent on Catabolism of Extracellular Protein

Summary Scavenging of extracellular protein via macropinocytosis is an alternative to monomeric amino acid uptake. In pancreatic cancer, macropinocytosis is driven by oncogenic Ras signaling and contributes substantially to amino acid supply. While Ras signaling promotes scavenging, mTOR signaling suppresses it. Here, we present an integrated experimental-computational method that enables quantitative comparison of protein scavenging rates across cell lines and conditions. Using it, we find that, independently of mTORC1, amino acid scarcity induces protein scavenging and that under such conditions the impact of mTOR signaling on protein scavenging rate is minimal. Nevertheless, mTOR inhibition promotes growth of cells reliant on eating extracellular protein. This growth enhancement depends on mTORC1's canonical function in controlling translation rate: mTOR inhibition slows translation, thereby matching protein synthesis to the limited amino acid supply. Thus, paradoxically, in amino acid-poor conditions the pro-anabolic effects of mTORC1 are functionally opposed to growth.
NRC Perspectives on Primary Water Stress Corrosion Cracking of High-Chromium, Nickel-Based Alloys

High-chromium, nickel-based alloys, including alloy 690 base material and alloys 52 and 152 weld filler metals, are used in the primary system of new pressurized water reactors (PWRs), as well as for replacement and mitigation of components in existing reactors. These materials are thought to be highly resistant to primary water stress corrosion cracking (PWSCC), which is observed in plant service for components fabricated from the low-chromium alloys 600, 82, and 182. For over 10 years, the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission has sponsored a laboratory testing program to measure the PWSCC growth rates of alloys 690, 52, and 152 in environmental conditions representative of PWRs, with the intent to support technical bases for the determination of appropriate in-service inspection requirements. In many tests, the low crack growth rates are confirmed. For certain cases, however, such as in highly cold worked alloy 690 and at dilution zones between high-chromium weld metals and low-chromium base metals, PWSCC growth rates are reported to be similar to those observed in alloys 600, 82, and 182. Challenges arise in the use of these data for predictive models given the relatively few numbers of tests performed for some material conditions and uncertainties about the correlation between conditions of test materials and those found in the field. This paper will present perspectives on factors that may be considered for the application of these data to the analysis of plant components.
Results between two electrostimulation modalities in AECOPD patients

Introduction: An exacerbation of COPD is a worsening of respiratory symptoms and it is the main reason for hospitalization in this patients. Immobilization during the hospital period, systemic inflammation and corticoids in the treatment, leads progressive loss of muscle strength. Objective: The main objective of this study is to compare the effectiveness of two electrostimulation modalities during hospitalization due to AECOPD in severe COPD. Methods: In this clinical trial, patients were randomized into two intervention groups. One group received superimposed electrostimulation and the other group received functional electrostimulation. All included patients received diary electrotherapy during 30 minutes. Lower limb strength, was measured before and after treatment. Results:30 patients participated in our study. Patients in both groups were similar, and there were no significative differences between them at baseline. Table 1. Diferences between exercise capacity and streght in both groups at discharge. Data expressed as mean ± standard deviation. 5STS: five times sit to stand test. p Conclusion:Patients in the superimposed electrostimulation group shows differences in strength when compared with patients in the functional electrostimulation group after treatment.
Detection and Analysis of Spikes in a Random Sequence

Motivated by the more frequent natural and anthropogenic hazards, we revisit the problem of assessing whether an apparent temporal clustering in a sequence of randomly occurring events is a genuine surprise and should call for an examination. We study the problem in both discrete and continuous time formulation. In the discrete formulation, the problem reduces to deriving the probability that p independent people all have birthdays within d days of each other. We provide an analytical expression for a warning limit such that if a subset of p people among n are observed to have birthdays within d days of each other and d is smaller than our warning limit, then it should be treated as a surprising cluster. In the continuous time framework, three different sets of results are given. First, we provide an asymptotic analysis of the problem by embedding it into an extreme value problem for high order spacings of iid samples from the U[0, 1] density. Second, a novel analytical nonasymptotic bound is derived by using certain tools of empirical process theory. Finally, the required probability is approximated by using various bounds and asymptotic results on the supremum of the scanning process of a one dimensional stationary Poisson process. We apply the theories to climate change related datasets, datasets on temperatures, and mass shooting records in the United States. These real data applications of our theoretical methods lead to supporting evidence for climate change and recent spikes in gun violence.
Advances in forensic techniques for petroleum hydrocarbons: The Exxon Valdez experience

Exxon Valdez oil spill (EVOS) in Prince William Sound (PWS), Alaska, is the most extensively studied spill in history. In the years immediately following the spill and continuing today, PWS and the adjacent Gulf of Alaska (GOA) has proven to be natural laboratories for the development and testing of new chemical forensic techniques for oil spill impact studies. Methods were developed for the quantification of both total mass loss and the chemical changes that occur in various fractions of shoreline oils as they weather. They confirmed that the inert asphaltenes and resin fractions make up an increasing fraction of the bulk oil as it weathers. Furthermore, they showed that all of the PAHs, including the 3- and 4-ring PAHs, are removed as weathering progresses, a feature of EVC not previously recognized. Multiple hydrocarbon inputs at oil spill sites are well documented, and an objective forensic approach should consider the possibility of other hydrocarbon sources; both anthropogenic and natural may exist. The application of advanced fingerprinting and geochemical forensic methods to chemistry data for intertidal and subtidal sediment samples identified and quantitatively resolved a number of hydrocarbon sources that contribute to the PWS marine environment: petrogenic hydrocarbons, pyrogenic hydrocarbons, and biogenic hydrocarbons.
Too Much of a Good Thing? The Effects of Complex Configurations of Status on Experts' Participation and Influence within Groups

The contribution of unique knowledge of experts within groups is essential for organizational productivity. Our study examined the combined status effects of expert and reward power on expert members' participation, influence and performance within decision-making groups. Previous research on status differences has led to conflicting findings: additional status sometimes has positive effects on the contribution of expert information (Stewart & Stasser, 1995) while other studies have found negative effects (Janis, 1982). In our study, we find that groups with public experts without additional rewarding status extract more expert information and perform better than groups with private experts or groups with rewarding experts. Our results also indicate that the emphasis on expert information mediates the relationship between the status configuration of the group (public vs. private experts and rewarding vs. non-rewarding experts) and group performance. Additionally, we find that expert influence is not always beneficial to group performance. Namely, too much or too little amounts of influence lead to sub-optimal performances. We discuss the implications of our findings for managing experts within groups.
Gray’s Foundations of Language

In the interpretation of his data, neglect of the structural method cuts the linguist off from the organization of all non-historical facts. The author sees only the historical interpretation: “It becomes necessary to be thoroughly versed in the history of each language before one can render a scientific judgement upon any of the phenomena which it presents” (2); the “method of procedure [of linguistics] is essentially the same as in investigation of any problem of history” (4). To get the real meaning of words, therefore, we must know not only how they are used, but also their history: “If the student of literature... is ignorant of the historical development of words and their arrangements,... he sunders himself from that which will give him a keener appreciation of literature” (142). And of the syntax of a language at various periods: “The later period is seldom fully intelligible without knowledge of the earlier” (226). Such appeals to history are beside the point, since the meaning of forms and of their arrangements is necessarily given by a complete description of how they are used, i. e. of what they mean to the people who use them.
Acid catalyzed aldol condensations of ketones with glyoxylic acid: A simple single-step synthesis of 4-oxo-2,5-heptdienedioic acids

The acid catalyzed condensations of ketones with glyoxylic acid at 80 °C, under neat conditions gives 4-oxo-2,5-heptdienedioic acids in 56–88% yield. The solid state photochemical dimerization of 4...
Comparison of light-induced degradation and regeneration in P-type monocrystalline full aluminum back surface field and passivated emitter rear cells

Abstract This paper reports on a systematic and quantitative assessment of light induced degradation (LID) and regeneration in full Al-BSF and passivated emitter rear contact cells (PERC) along with the fundamental understanding of the difference between the two. After LID, PERC cells showed a much greater loss in cell efficiency than full Al-BSF cells (∼0.9% vs ∼0.6%) because the degradation in bulk lifetime also erodes the benefit of superior BSRV in PERC cells. Three main regeneration conditions involving the combination of heat and light (75 °C/1 Sun/48 h, 130 °C/2 Suns/1.5 h and 200 °C/3 Suns/30 s) were implemented to eliminate LID loss due to BO defects. Low temperature/long time (75 °C/48 h) and high temperature/short time (200 °C/30s) regeneration process was unable to reach 100% stabilization. The intermediate temperature/time (130 °C/1.5 h) generation achieved nearly full recovery and stabilization (over 99%) for both full Al-BSF and PERC cells. We discussed the effect of temperature, time and suns in regeneration mechanism for two cells.
A content analysis of HPV related posts on instagram

Human papillomavirus, or HPV, is the most common sexually transmitted disease in the United States. Despite the potential deleterious effects of HPV, vaccine uptake remains suboptimal. One potentia...
Expert Commentary: Endoluminal Treatment for Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common disease affecting millions of patients throughout the world. Primary treatment has always relied on lifestyle adaptations with specific recommendations for losing weight, eliminating smoking, alcohol, and dietary changes. Other treatment options include acid control using proton pump inhibitors and histamine blockers. While many of these therapies are effective in reducing acid, most patient surveys demonstrate poor symptom control and significant deviations from high quality of life secondary to the symptoms of GERD.
Group Cohesion and Climate in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Individuals with a First-Time DUI

ABSTRACTFew studies have examined group cohesion and climate in the substance use disorder treatment literature. We examined whether group cohesion and climate are associated with increased self-ef...
Modeling and Planning Under Uncertainty Using Deep Neural Networks

Artificial neural networks (ANNs) have been frequently used in industrial applications to model complex systems. However, using traditional ANNs for long-term planning tasks remains a challenge as they lack the capability to model uncertainty. Process noise and approximation errors cause ANN long-term estimations to deviate from the real behavior of the system. Unlike traditional ANNs, stochastic models provide a natural way to model uncertainty, providing estimations over a range of several possible outcomes. This paper introduces a stochastic modeling and planning approach using deep Bayesian neural networks (DBNNs). We use DBNNs to learn a stochastic model of the system dynamics. Planning is addressed as an open-loop trajectory optimization problem. We present two approaches for learning the dynamics: using single-step predictions and using multistep predictions. The advantages of the proposed methodology are as follows. First, accurate long-term estimations of the system state-trajectory probability distribution without the need for expert knowledge of the dynamics. Second, improved generalization and faster convergence rates in the trajectory optimization task when using multistep predictions to train the model. Third, viable for real-world applications since all expensive optimizations are executed offline while using a reasonable number of data samples. Testing is performed using challenging underactuated benchmark problems: the Cartpole and the Acrobot. The presented methodology successfully learns the swing-up maneuver using a relatively small number of iterations, with less than 125 sampled trajectories, and without any expert knowledge of the dynamics.
Impact of high-dose vitamin d supplementation on short physical performance battery and bioelectrical impedance analysis in older patients with prostate cancer on ADT.

e23106Background: Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is standard treatment for prostate cancer but may cause changes in body composition that lead to decreased physical function. Low vitamin D stat...
Acetate formation during recombinant protein production in Escherichia coli K-12 with an elevated NAD(H) pool

Acetate formation is a disadvantage in the use of Escherichia coli for recombinant protein production, and many studies have focused on optimizing fermentation processes or altering metabolism to eliminate acetate accumulation. In this study, E. coli MEC697 (MG1655 nadR nudC mazG) maintained a larger pool of NAD(H) compared to the wild-type control, and also accumulated lower concentrations of acetate when grown in batch culture on glucose. In steady-state cultures, the elevated total NAD(H) found in MEC697 delayed the threshold dilution rate for acetate formation to a growth rate of 0.27 h-1. Batch and fed-batch processes using MEC697 were examined for the production of β-galactosidase as a model recombinant protein. Fed-batch culture of MEC697/pTrc99A-lacZ compared to MG1655/pTrc99A-lacZ at a growth rate of 0.22 h-1 showed only a modest increase of protein formation. However, 1 L batch growth of MEC697/pTrc99A-lacZ resulted in 50% lower acetate formation compared to MG1655/pTrc99A-lacZ and a two-fold increase in recombinant protein production.
Applications of the Fundamental Theorems of Projective and Affine Geometry in Physics

The closely related fundamental theorems of projective and affine geometry are keys to understanding some important but seemingly unrelated topics in mathematical physics. Specifically, they can be used in proofs of Wigner’s theorem on ray correspondences in quantum mechanics and also to establish the scale extended Poincare group as the basic causality preserving symmetry group of special relativity. We describe these two theorems and show their roles in establishing the just mentioned results.
Convergent non complete interpolatory quadrature rules

We find a family of convergent schemes of nodes for non-complete interpolatory quadrature rules.
COVID-19 Perspective from a Hemodialysis Patient

This is an Early Access article. Please select the PDF button, above, to view it. This Patient Perspective article is the introductory summary of a patient interview that can be listened to here, https://www.asn-online.org/media/podcast/K360/2020_05_07_K3602020000284.mp3
Manifestations of pulmonary aspergillosis in pediatrics.

Purpose of review Aspergillus spp. cause a clinical spectrum of disease with severity of disease dependent on degree of immune compromise, nature and intensity of inflammatory host response, and/or underlying lung disease. Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis encompasses a spectrum of diseases including aspergilloma, Aspergillus nodules, chronic cavitary pulmonary aspergillosis, chronic fibrosing pulmonary aspergillosis, and subacute invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) paradoxically is an immune hypersensitivity manifestation in the lungs that almost always occurs in the setting of underlying asthma or cystic fibrosis. These chronic Aspergillus conditions are now becoming more prevalent than invasive Aspergillus, thus it is important to be aware of the current literature of these conditions. Recent findings High-level research assessing the clinical significance and treatment options of these chronic diseases are lacking. Recent literature suggests colonization is antecedent for local airway infection (Aspergillus bronchitis), chronic or allergic bronchopulmonary disease, or invasive and potentially disseminated disease. There have been few advances in assessment of treatment of ABPA. Summary Research assessing the clinical significance and treatment options is currently needed.
Types of spatter and their features and formation mechanisms in laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing process

Abstract Spatter causes defect formation, powder redistribution and contamination in laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) additive manufacturing process. It is critical to distinguish different types of spatter and understand their features and formation mechanisms. This work reveals the features and formation mechanisms of five unique types of spatter during the LPBF process by in-situ high-speed, high-energy x-ray imaging. Spatters observed during LPBF testing are quantified by their speed, size, and direction. Distinct quantifiable characteristics for each type of spatter are identified. Effects of the laser power, scan speed, and ambient pressure on spatter formation and features are unraveled. A spatter formation map for AlSi10Mg alloy is constructed.
Alzheimer’s Disease [Internet]

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia. No effective pharmaceutical agents exist to halt or slow down the disease progression. There is a tremendous imperative to gain a better understanding of the pathogenesis of AD and to develop effective treatments. This book brings together an international team of experts to provide a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of AD. The most current information on several critical aspects of AD are presented, providing the readers with a broad picture of the underlying neuropathology, genetics, proteomics, risk factors, novel biomarkers, and potential interventions. Chapters 1–5 discuss the underlying AD pathogenesis using genomic and proteomic approaches, linking diverse pathways that can lead to complex metabolic dysfunction. Chapter 6 reviews the potential role of trace metals in AD, while Chapter 7 examines the diversity of Aβ species involved in AD pathology. Chapter 8 discusses the contributions of white matter degeneration in AD. Chapter 9 examines the potential intriguing role of the brain-gut-microbiota axis in mediating AD. Chapters 10 and 11 discuss potential biomarkers for AD, such as deficits in ocular exploration and early language impairments, respectively. Chapters 12–15 examine possible novel preventative and/or therapeutic methodologies such as exercise, optimizing depression therapy, and diverse psychosocial interventions. The book will be of value to clinicians and health professionals caring for patients with AD, and will provide a comprehensive and thought-provoking introduction to young investigators interested in translational aspects of the AD and related dementias.
Barkhausen Imaging: A magneto-optical approach to mapping the pinning landscape in soft ferromagnetic films

Abstract We demonstrate a magneto-optical microscopy technique to create two-dimensional images of the pinning behavior of a vortex state as it is translated through a soft ferromagnetic film. The resulting information yields a map of how defects and inhomogeneities in the material serve to trap high-energy-density magnetization configurations such as vortex cores or domain walls. We raster scan a vortex core within a thin permalloy disk using in-plane magnetic fields, and monitor the vortex displacement using the magneto-optical Kerr effect. The differential nature of the measurement yields spatial resolution ≈ 5 nm, much less than the diffraction limit, and minimum resolvable pinning energy ≈ 0.4 eV. The technique produces two images, one displaying the pinning-induced vortex displacement relative to the expected free motion, and the other displaying hysteretic vortex displacement between the trace and re-trace. We demonstrate the technique on two samples, extract quantitative statistics about the pinning landscape, and compare to simulated results with a pinning landscape derived from the measured surface topography of the samples.
Influence of Solidification Rate on Pore Structure of Lotus-type Porous Metals

Lotus-type porous Cu,Mg and Ni were fabricated by a mould casting technique in hydrogen gas atmosphere.The effect of solidification rate on the structure of the lotus type porous metals was comparatively investigated by theoretical calculation and experiments.The results show that the increase of bubble radius results in an increase of bubble rising velocity for Cu,Mg and Ni.A suitable ordered porous structure can be obtained only when the maximum solidification rate is in the range of bubble rising velocity.
“As Soon as They Hear ‘Undocumented,’ They Stop Advising”: Theorizing a (Sub)conscious Evasion of Responsibility from Institutional Agents to Undocumented Students

While nearly 100,000 undocumented students in the United States graduate from high schools every year, a precarious national policy landscape exists that limits their higher education options. In a...
Inefficient Attentional Control Explains Verbal-Memory Deficits Among Military Veterans With Posttraumatic Reexperiencing Symptoms:

Among individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), verbal learning and memory are areas of weakness compared with other cognitive domains (e.g., visuospatial memory). In this study, previ...
Training of a crater detection algorithm for Mars crater imagery

Automatic feature identification from orbital imagery would be of wide use in planetary science. For example, the ability to count craters on homogeneous surfaces would enable relative dating of geological processes. The scaling of crater densities and impact rates with crater size is another important issue which could be addressed by automated crater counting. Geological feature cataloging can practically be achieved by hand-labeled imagery only for restricted numbers of features. To handle massive new data sets and higher resolutions such as those arising from Mars Global Surveyor, automated feature identification will be required. Many pattern recognition algorithms could be applied to this problem, but a systematic validation process will be required to select the best method for each scientific application and to determine its reliability for scientific use. We demonstrate such a validation process applied to a particular trainable feature identification algorithm when used to detect craters in synthetic imagery and in Mars Global Surveyor imagery. The feature identification algorithm is the continuously scalable template matching algorithm of Burl et al. (2001). The validation process involves separate experiments for subpopulations selected from a labeled crater corpus. The subpopulations are defined by crater density. For the selected subpopulations, the validation process includes training the algorithm on some craters and testing its identification accuracy on others. These results can be summarized in terms of statistical efficiency measures. Efficiency results depend on the subpopulation tested. We illustrate algorithm performance on data from Martian regions of high scientific interest.
Design of Can-based Variable Rate Fertilizer Control System

A novel control system for variable rate fertilizer application based on CAN bus is the integrated application of GPS, RS, GIS and automatic control important fields in research of agriculture science. Precision Agriculture Huang, W., Meng, Z., Chen, L. and Zhao, C., 2008, in IFIP International Federation for Information Processing, Volume 259; Computer and Computing Technologies in Agriculture, Vol. 2; Daoliang Li; (Boston: Springer), pp. 1317–1320. effectiveness (Wang 1995). As an important part of precision agriculture technology, much attention has been paid to the variable rate technology. Variable rate application has the potential to improve fertilizer utilization efficiency, increase economic returns and reduce environmental impacts. Today, developed countries have used variable rate technology widely, but it is still in the starting stage in China. The rapid development of precision agriculture has increased the need for a standardized electronics communications protocol also (Marvin L. Stone et al., 2004). In this paper, we present a novel system based on CAN bus and provide evaluation experiments for the variable rate fertilizer application. The system structure consisting of the electro-hydraulic proportional valve control system, ground speed sampling ECU and light-bar guidance ECU is presented in this paper. The design of variable rate controller based on DSP and the closed loop control circuit based on proportional valve is discussed in details. Experimental results indicate that the control system can be used for variable rate fertilizer application based on CAN bus. Moreover, the system is open, easy to expand and communicate with other CAN bus based components. It also provides basis for other variable rate applications using CAN bus in precision agriculture. 2. MATIERIALS AND METHOD
DNA Splicing Systems

DNA splicing in the test tube may generate DNA molecules other than well-formed ones having two blunt ends. We introduce an example splicing system that generates all possible molecular types. We use differential equations to model the system, and Mathematica to simulate its dynamics. We find that most simulation results match our predictions, and acknowledge that a more comprehensive program is needed for further investigations. This is the first model and simulation of which we are aware that specifically treats the fact that several molecular types in addition to well-formed molecules may be present in a splicing system, even at equilibrium.
Borders & The Environment

Despite regular acknowledgment of the interconnectedness of global ecosystems, government policies at the national level focuses on environmental problems within their borders. As a result, the level of public and private resources expended on environmental protection in rich and poor countries is dramatically different on both a per capita and an absolute basis. While this outcome is readily explained by the politics of environmental issues, in which voters reward governments for domestic expenditures but are skeptical of expenditures outside the jurisdiction, these differences mean that the total amount of environmental quality purchased across nations is lower than it could be. It means that some nations are purchasing small, expensive increments in environmental quality while large, low-cost increments in other jurisdictions are not purchased. By applying the principles of marginal analysis from economics, this article demonstrates that this produces both less total environmental quality and treats residents of rich and poor countries different in a morally unacceptable way. The authors propose that governments provide more transparent cost and benefit information to allow public discussion of such differential treatment and to encourage environmental gains from wherever most efficiently achievable.
Schema-guided synthesis of imperative programs by constraint solving

We present a method for schema-guided synthesis of imperative programs computing polynomial functions and their inverses. The schemas of our approach contain parameters representing both fragments of code and fragments of invariants, and they generate programs annotated with loop invariants establishing partial correctness. Schema application entails simultaneously instantiating the code parameters to polynomials and the invariant parameters to systems of polynomial equalities. By bounding the degrees of these polynomials and their number, our method reduces schema instantiation to non-linear constraint solving, based on the theory of polynomial ideals. Although non-linear constraint solving is NP-hard, a solution can be generated automatically when the resulting system contains few constraints. A specialization of our method yields linear constraints by further restricting the form of the invariants. This restriction improves the efficiency of constraint solving, but may fail to synthesize programs derivable by the general method.
The infrared spectra of HCN isotopes in argon matrices: An examination of the assumptions of matrix isolation spectroscopy

Abstract The infrared spectra of HCN isotopes in argon matrices are interpreted. Discrepancies of ~2 cm −1 between the isotope shifts in the matrix and gaseous spectra have been observed, and the origin of the discrepancies is examined in detail. The analysis shows that the discrepancies cannot be attributed to experimental error, changes in the anharmonic character, or a change in the geometry of HCN in the matrix; but are caused by the limitation of the linear XYZ vibrational model as a description of the motions of the matrix isolated HCN molecule.
On—Axis Formulas for Ultrasonic Transducer Beams in Anisotropic Media

The requirements of nondestructively inspecting cast steels, weldments, composites, and other inherently anisotropic materials have necessitated research aimed at better understanding ultrasonic wave propagation in these materials. Theoretical modeling can play an important role in the study of the unique effects, such as beam skew and excess beam divergence, which anisotropic materials have on ultrasonic transducer beams. The predictions of valid models can be used to help interpret nondestructive measurements and to help guide the choice of nondestructive inspection procedures by identifying configurations with the most promise of success. Much recent work has been devoted to this subject (for example Refs. [1–5]).
APN telephone follow up to low-income first time mothers.

Aims and objectives. To examine the effects of a low cost advanced practice nurse telephone intervention for 2 months postbirth in low-income first time mothers with healthy full term infants. Background. Currently women with non-complicated, healthy full term newborn deliveries receive little to no routine postpartum support. This is problematic if mothers are first time mothers, poor, have problems accessing health care, have language barriers and sparse social support. Design. A two group randomised clinical trial. This study was conducted in an inner city South Florida county hospital. Methods. A control group (n = 69) received routine hospital discharge care. An intervention group (n = 70) received routine hospital discharge care plus APN follow up telephone calls for week 8 postdischarge. Comparison of outcomes included maternal health (stress, social support, physical health), infant health (routine medical visits, immunisations, weight gain), morbidity (urgent care visits, emergency room visits, re-hospitalisations), and health care charges (urgent care visits, emergency room visits, re-hospitalisations). Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and two-sample t-tests. Results. Intervention group mothers had significantly lower perceived stress, significantly greater perceived maternal health and social support; infants had healthier weight gain, fewer emergency room visits; significantly lower total health care charges ($14,333 vs. $70,834) compared to controls. Conclusion. Study results indicate that APN follow up telephone calls to low-income first time mothers with healthy full term infants is an effective, safe, low cost, easy to apply intervention that improved mothers’ and infants’ health outcomes and reduced healthcare charges. Relevance to clinical practice. APNs are uniquely positioned to conduct follow up interventions aimed at providing continuity of care including APN telephone follow up. This is imperative for vulnerable populations especially during times of major budget cuts that affect health care services.