cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
3D Face Recognition Using 3D Alignment for PCA

This paper presents a 3D approach for recognizing faces based on Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The approach addresses the issue of proper 3D face alignment required by PCA for maximum data compression and good generalization performance for new untrained faces. This issue has traditionally been addressed by 2D data normalization, a step that eliminates 3D object size information important for the recognition process. We achieve correspondence of facial points by registering a 3D face to a scaled generic 3D reference face and subsequently perform a surface normal search algorithm. 3D scaling of the generic reference face is performed to enable better alignment of facial points while preserving important 3D size information in the input face. The benefits of this approach for 3D face recognition and dimensionality reduction have been demonstrated on components of the Face Recognition Grand Challenge (FRGC) database versions 1 and 2.
Assessment of the aerosolization potential for fungal spores in moldy homes.

Numerous health eﬀects in homes, schools, and oﬃceshave been attributed to the fungal growth resultingfrom water damage or improper humidity in buildings(Dales et al., 1991a; Lacey and Crook, 1998; Wickmanet al., 1992). The exposure to mold and dampness hasbeen associated with respiratory symptoms (Daleset al., 1991b) and may particularly increase the riskof adverse respiratory health eﬀects (Peat et al., 1998;Verhoeﬀ and Burge, 1997).The fraction of buildings with mold-contaminationin the United States and Canada is about 36%,according to Spengler et al. (1993). Brunekreef et al.(1989) have reported that 20–40% of homes in Nor-thern Europe and North America have mold problems.In the Netherlands and Finland, the mold and damp-ness in buildings were reported as 15 and 24%,respectively (Pirhonen et al., 1996; Verhoeﬀ et al.,1990). The age of a building is an important factoraﬀecting the fungal spore concentration in indoor air(Pasanen et al., 1992; Rand, 1999). Modern buildingsare constructed with various types of materials thatprovide ecological niches with varying nutritional andtemperature conditions. A variety of interactionsbetween microorganisms may occur under these con-ditions. While practically all building materials canserve as a substrate for fungal growth when excessmoisture is present, the growth and aerosolization ratesmay diﬀer for diﬀerent materials. The fungal growthmainly depends on the nutrient availability, alkalinity,porosity, and the water activity of the material. WaterAbstract The airborne fungal concentration measured with air samplers duringspeciﬁc time intervals may not adequately represent the indoor air quality be-cause of the sporadic nature of spore release from sources. The conventionalsource evaluation (e.g. swab and tape sampling) characterizes the mold sourcebut does not relate to the fraction of spores that can be aerosolized from acontaminated material. As an alternative to these methods, we have recentlydeveloped and laboratory-tested a novel Fungal Spore Source Strength Tester(FSSST). It allows assessing the potential of aerosolization of fungal spores fromcontaminated surfaces under the most favorable release conditions. In this study,the FSSST was used to characterize the release of spores from four buildingmaterials in mold-problem homes. The spores of diﬀerent species were eﬃcientlyaerosolized by the FSSST, exhibiting a total spore release rate rangingapproximately from 10
Evolutionary and acclimation-induced variation in the heat-shock responses of congeneric marine snails (genus Tegula) from different thermal habitats: implications for limits of thermotolerance and biogeography

Heat stress sufficient to cause cellular damage triggers the heat-shock response, the enhanced expression of a group of molecular chaperones called heat-shock proteins (hsps). We compared the heat-shock responses of four species of marine snails of the genus Tegula that occupy thermal niches differing in absolute temperature and range of temperature. We examined the effects of short-term heat stress and thermal acclimation on the synthesis of hsps of size classes 90, 77, 70 and 38 kDa by measuring incorporation of (35)S-labeled methionine and cysteine into newly synthesized proteins in gill tissue. Temperatures at which enhanced synthesis of hsps first occurred (T(on)), temperatures of maximal induction of hsp synthesis (T(peak)) and temperatures at which hsp synthesis was heat-inactivated (T(off)) were lowest in two low-intertidal to subtidal species from the temperate zone, T. brunnea and T. montereyi, intermediate in a mid- to low-intertidal species of the temperate zone, T. funebralis, and highest in a subtropical intertidal species from the Gulf of California, T. rugosa. Synthesis of hsps and other classes of protein by T. brunnea and T. montereyi was heat-inactivated at temperatures commonly encountered by T. funebralis during low tides on warm days. In turn, protein synthesis by T. funebralis was blocked at the upper temperatures of the habitat of T. rugosa. Acclimation of snails to 13 degrees C, 18 degrees C and 23 degrees C shifted T(on) and T(peak) for certain hsps, but did not affect T(off). The heat-shock responses of field-acclimatized snails were generally reduced in comparison with those of laboratory-acclimated snails. Overall, despite the occurrence of acclimatory plasticity in their heat-shock responses, genetically fixed differences in T(on), T(peak) and T(off) appear to exist that reflect the separate evolutionary histories of these species and may play important roles in setting their thermal tolerance limits and, thereby, their biogeographic distribution patterns.
Acoustic transient analysis using wavelet decomposition

The authors demonstrate the use of wavelet decomposition in extracting relevant information from passive acoustic signals. These decompositions were used in generating features for classifiers which were applied against the standard data set of transients obtained from NUSC. Complete separation of four classes, i.e., three transients and a quiet ocean background, was obtained using two classification approaches: one based on a quadratic Bayesian classifier and the other based on a multilayer perceptron. The authors describe the wavelet-based features and the classifier design and provide class scatter diagrams. >
Strategy for computer‐generated theoretical and quantum chemical prediction of toxicity and toxicology (and pharmacology in general)

Theoretical and quantum chemical prediction of toxicity and toxicology is even more challenging than prediction of pharmacology, which is usually a one-stage event at a target site. For toxicity and toxicology, the concept of the “toxic triggering event” was developed which then leads to the cascade of subsequent physiological events. The strategy for computer-generated predictions in this area includes as the major components chemical automated substructure and “toxicophore” identification by powerful chemical substructure searching techniques developed in Europe, geometry optimizations (desirably by ab-initio intramolecular atom class-atom class pair-pair and three-body potentials), quantum chemical calculations (desirably ab-initio, incorporating optimal strategies for such computations on large molecules) on both the toxicant and its metabolites (the structures of which were generated by computer-assisted tracing of metabolic pathways), generation of the three-dimensional electrostatic molecular potential contour maps around the toxicants and their metabolites and matching of these by reverse image holography for new compounds whose toxicity has not yet been tested experimentally against those with a known toxic mechanism, matching of intermolecular interaction maps of untested compounds with known toxicants combined with matching observed physiologic signs and symptoms with “toxic triggering events” and specific pathologies, and using the concepts of systems analysis and control theory and catastrophe theory to track both the dynamic balance of endogenous biomolecules and interactions with these biomolecules. The necessary program modules are described, and the necessary data bases (both theoretical and physiological) are identified along with the form in which they may be used most expeditiously.
An Adaptive Sequential Linear Programming Algorithm for Optimal Design Problems With Probabilistic Constraints

Optimal design problems with probabilistic constraints, often referred to as reliability-based design optimization problems, have been the subject of extensive recent studies. Solution methods to date have focused more on improving efficiency rather than accuracy and the global convergence behavior of the solution. A new strategy utilizing an adaptive sequential linear programming (SLP) algorithm is proposed as a promising approach to balance accuracy, efficiency, and convergence. The strategy transforms the nonlinear probabilistic constraints into equivalent deterministic ones using both first order and second order approximations, and applies a filter-based SLP algorithm to reach the optimum. Simple numerical examples show promise for increased accuracy without sacrificing efficiency.
Impulse Response Analysis of Ocean Acoustic Propagation

An intuitive picture of ocean sound channel propagation from point sources is developed in terms of impulse response. The entire wavefront is described for fixed times that are appropriate for propagation to ≈ 1000 km. The wavefront characteristic that allows determination of the source depth is shown to be the distance between the two distinct wavefronts that result from the upgoing and down-going rays at the source. The effect of internal waves in terms of wavefront corrugations is described.
National Growth Trends

The 1980’s will face a paradox of urban growth and decline in many areas throughout the United States. Recent U.S. Bureau of Census estimates and other observations reveal that since the 1970 census, dramatic shifts in population distribution patterns are taking place, reflecting a reversal of past urbanization trends towards fewer and larger metropolitan regions. While older central cities continue to face declining population and economic bases, expanding urban growth to nonmetropolitan areas and smaller cities unprepared to accommodate rapid growth pose numerous challenges to provide the necessary facilities with increasingly limited resources.
Contractile function of single muscle fibers after hindlimb unweighting in aged rats.

Thompson, L. V., and J. A. Shoeman. Contractile function of single muscle fibers after hindlimb unweighting in aged rats. J. Appl. Physiol. 84(1): 229–235, 1998.—This investigation determined how m...
Theories of Distance Education: Why They Matter.

This chapter presents an overview of theories of distance education and discusses their implications for future policy making and practice in institutions of higher education.
Die Kontrolle von Gas-Chromatographen als ein Teil der Laborautomation mit einem hierarchischen Rechnersystem

Die Automation der Gas-Chromatographie wird als ein Teil innerhalb eines integrierten Labordaten-Verarbeitungssystems behandelt. Das Grundkonzept ist eine Hierarchie von Rechnersystemen mit einer oder mehreren Installationsphasen, beginnend mit Satelliten-Rechnern im Labor fur on-line-Datenerfassung, Datenreduktion und die Kontrolle von Analysengeraten. Fur diese Echtzeit-Verarbeitung mit verschiedenen gleichzeitig laufenden Aufgaben ist ein modulares Programm-System, zusammengesetzt aus austauschbaren Komponenten, erforderlich. Fur die simultane Kontrolle von mehreren Chromatographen im Echtzeitbetrieb steht ein Programm fur Gas-Chromatographie (CMP-Chromatograph Monitoring Program) zur Verfugung. Programm-Funktionen: Einlesen des Detektor-Signals, Analyse des Chromatogramms mit Hilfe definierter Verfahren, z.B. einer Kurvenanpassung nach der Methode der kleinsten Fehlerquadrate und Protokollierung der Ergebnisse. Die Abtastrate kann fur jeden Chromatographen individuell eingestellt und wahrend der Analyse verandert werden. Umfassende digitale Filterungsmethoden verringern die Storspannungsprobleme. Steuerfunktionen werden unter Programmkontrolle ausgefuhrt. Peakdaten konnen auf Magnetplatte gespeichert werden fur Wiederholungslaufe mit unterschiedlichen Berechnungsmethoden fur dieselben Daten. Analytische Methoden konnen im Echtzeitbetrieb definiert und auf den neuesten Stand gebracht werden, ohne den Routineablauf zu unterbrechen. Off-line-Arbeiten werden wahrend der Kontrolle der Chromatographen ausgefuhrt.
Gender Identification and Young Voters Predicting Candidate Evaluations and Message Effectiveness

The 2012 election was marked by discussions of women’s issues from abortion to equal pay, and both presidential candidates employed strategies designed to win female voters. Since women vote in lar...
Individual Differences in the “Myside Bias” in Reasoning and Written Argumentation:

Three studies examined the “myside bias” in reasoning, evaluating written arguments, and writing argumentative essays. Previous research suggests that some people possess a fact-based argumentation schema and some people have a balanced argumentation schema. I developed reliable Likert scale instruments (1-7 rating) for these constructs and conducted an evaluation of instrument validity and reliability. A myside bias in argumentative essays was predicted by the fact-based and balanced argumentation schema instruments using these individual-difference measures. Strength of opinion predicted the myside bias in generating reasons but not in writing argumentative essays. There was a weak but significant correlation between the myside bias in generating reasons and writing argumentative essays. In evaluating written arguments, the fact-based schema instrument predicted agreement and quality ratings for claims supported by factual but not nonfactual reasons. Ratings of the quality of rebutted arguments were pre...
Aerodynamic Sensitivity Analysis for a Proposed Aircraft Design Change

Non-deterministic analysis techniques are used to investigate drag reduction potential of a design enhancement to a xed-wing aircraft, and explore the sensitivity of global aerodynamic coe cients to multiple aerodynamic freestream and geometric variables. Simulation results generated by the Air Vehicles Unstructured Solver (AVUS) computational uid dynamics package are used to develop a steady-state aerodynamic database for a generic transport aircraft and the same aircraft modi ed with aft body nlets to reduce drag. A simpli ed screening method approach suggests that the change in drag coe cient produced by the design change is sensitive to nlet orientation and freestream angle of attack, while freestream Mach number plays a less critical role. Grid-resolved numerical results demonstrate that the change in drag coe cient is maximized at negative angles of attack when all of the aft body nlets are oriented at a constant value of twenty degrees relative to the aft fuselage outer mold line. However, operating in this regime also produces negative lift on the modi ed aircraft. Preliminary results are presented that suggest that drag reduction potential associated with aft body nlets plateaus with increasing nlet orientation angle. A maximum drag reduction bene t of 44% for the design enhancement is observed at negative angles of attack. Drag reduction potential is drastically reduced to 6% when positive lift coe cient operational requirements are imposed. A conservative cost model is described and used to quantify nancial gains from the proposed design change that enhances aircraft fuel consumption e ciency.
On the composition and structure of nanoprecipitates in irradiated pressure vessel steels

Nanoscale Cu rich precipitates (CRPs) are widely believed to be the dominant hardening feature resulting in severe embrittlement in irradiated reactor pressure vessel (RPV) steels. However, this view has recently been challenged by interpretations of atom probe field ion microscopy (APFIM) measurements that describe the dominant nanofeatures as dilute solute atmospheres (DSAs). The practical impact of these differing views is very significant. This work compares and contrasts the CRP versus DSA descriptions to a wide variety of pertinent data. Mechanical property trends as well as small angle neutron scattering (SANS) and field emission scanning transmission electron microscopy (FEGSTEM) measurements support the presence of CRPs. CRPs are also consistent with the fundamental thermodynamic and kinetic laws. However, standard theory cannot provide the atomic level resolution needed to fully understand the nanofeatures. Therefore, a new Lattice Monte Carlo (LMC) atomistic method is used to simulate the complex chemical structures of the CRPs. The LMC method unifies the SANS/FEGSTEM and APFIM data within a well founded physical framework.
Probing Mesoscopic Strain Evolution during Creep Deformation: An In-Situ Neutron Diffraction Study

The development of lattice strain was studied using in-situ time-of-flight neutron diffraction during constant-load tensile creep deformation of an austenitic 316FR stainless steel at 180, 240, and 300MPa at 873K (a power-law creep regime) with time resolution of 900 seconds. The macroscopic (global) and mesoscopic (lattice) strains were measured simultaneously during creep using an extensometer and neutron diffraction, respectively. The hkl -specific lattice strains were measured to gain insights into the plastic anisotropy at various stages of creep deformation (i.e., primary, secondary, and tertiary regimes). Furthermore, the creep-induced lattice strain behavior was compared to the result obtained from a quasistatic tension test at 873K. The lattice strain evolution in the axial direction (direction parallel to the tensile loading axis) during the primary and secondary creep (dislocation creep) is quite similar to the quasistatic case (slip). However, in the tertiary creep regime, the creep-induced lattice strain accumulation is smaller than the quasistatic case at a given total strain, except the (111) reflection.
Erosion Study in Turbomachinery Affected by Coal Ash Particles

Turbomachinery operating with coal particles or using pulverized coal as fuel are exposed to erosion. The problem of predicting erosion in rotating machinery is very complex. The present paper describes the test facility which is designed in such a way that the aerodynamic effects are an integral part of the erosion test parameters. Some results from the alloys studied (aluminum, stainless steel, and titanium) in this investigation are reported.Copyright © 1978 by ASME
Factors affecting selectivity and activity of oxidation catalysts

Robert K. Grasselli Chemistry Department, Case Western Reserve University Cleveland, Ohio 44106, U.S.A. Received May 15, 1987 Selective catalytic oxidation of olefins has been successfully practiced on a commercial scale for almost thirty years {1). Processes which have been commercialized are the oxydehydrogenation of n-butenes to butadiene (a two electron oxidation), the oxidation of propylene to acrolein (a four electron oxidation) and its subsequent oxidation to acrylic acid (a two electron oxidation), and the ammoxidation of propylene to acrylonitrile (a six electron oxidation) (2). More recently the fourteen electron oxidation of n-butane to maleic anhydride has been achieved catalytically and will be commercialized in the near future (3). Fundamental studies pertaining to these processes have shed a considerable light on the mechanistic intricacies of catalysts effective in selective oxidation (4).
Performance of Entrepreneurial Firm Acquisitions: The role of Entrepreneur’s Involved Leadership

This study investigates the factors influencing the performance of merged or acquired entrepreneur-owned privately held company. Using synergy, product exchange and financial improvement as the dep...
A novel graphical UI design for futures trading

This paper presents a novel graphical user interface for futures trading. It combines real time market chart and order submission and manipulation into one chart frame, providing an extra edge on trading compared to traditional grid-based trading interface. A general graphical user interface class is designed and implemented using C++ and Qwt plot and can be used for trading any futures products of any exchanges. A trading application program is developed based on this class for trading futures products in Chinese Futures Exchanges and Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME). It tends out wider adaptability of this class. The design ideas and implementation details are provided in this paper. It reveals a new era of trading interface, graphical trading interface. This is the trend of new trading software design in the coming years.
The Ear of Mammals: From Monotremes to Humans

Mammals hear across a greater range of auditory frequencies than other vertebrates, which was made possible through major modifications of sound transmission and processing pathways within the middle and inner ears. The first step in the evolution of the ear of mammals is a combination of the prootic and opisthotic bones to form a single petrosal bone that fully encapsulates the organs of the inner ear. Elongation of the cochlea occurred simultaneously with the development of the petrosal. The curvature of the cochlea itself is variable among Mesozoic mammals, and extreme coiling of the cochlea is coincident with acquisition of major morphogenetic genes within the mammalian genome. A cribriform plate that is penetrated by multiple branches of the cochlear nerve in all extant mammals, internal cochlear structures such as the auditory nerve ganglion canal, and primary and secondary bony laminae for supporting the basilar membrane further broadened the bandwidth of audible frequencies in placental and marsupial mammals. Although often considered to be a major diagnostic feature of mammals, the definitive mammalian middle ear, which consists of a complete separation of middle ear elements from the mandible, appears to have evolved multiple times over the course of mammal evolution. As new important fossils are discovered, described, and included in phylogenetic analyses, the accuracy in ascertaining when and how many times the major features of the mammalian ear were acquired will increase.
Meeting other moms: Lesbian adoptive mothers' relationships with other parents at school and beyond

Little research has examined the friendships of lesbian parents, especially within the context of children's schools. This study of 40 lesbian adoptive parents (20 couples) focused on their relationships with other parents in the school community and how sexual orientation, race, and class dynamics impacted these relationships. Half of the participants described friendships with parents at the school, sometimes in spite of demographic differences, whereas others felt disconnected due to these differences. Outside of school, most participants reported friendships with other lesbian/gay parents. Parents who felt less connected to other parents at school tended to describe more lesbian/gay parent connections. Findings highlight the impact of life stage and context in shaping friendship patterns among lesbian parents.
Set-Theoretic Comparative Methods: Raising Some Question - and Asking Where We Go from Here

Analysts who developed the set-theoretic comparative method (STCM) have formulated valuable goals for researchers who work in the qualitative and multi-method tradition. This method includes above all Charles Ragin’s Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA), along with further systematization of the set-theoretic framework by other authors. These colleagues are outstanding scholars and intellectual leaders in the field of methodology, and their advocacy of these goals is a major contribution. However, the analytic tools employed by STCM have in many ways become an obstacle to achieving these goals. For example, the system of fuzzy-set scoring appears to be problematic, poorly matched to a standard understanding of conceptual structure, and perhaps unnecessary in its present form. Computer simulations suggest that findings suffer from serious problems of stability and validity; and the cumulative weight of simulation results raises major concerns about STCM’s algorithms. Questions also arise about the cumbersome formulation of findings in what is often a remarkably large number of causal paths. Relatedly, some scholars question STCM’s rejection of the parsimonious findings, in the form of “net effects,” routinely reported in other methodological traditions. Regarding applications, readily available software has encouraged publication of dozens of articles that appear to abandon key foundations of the method and rely far too heavily on these algorithms. Finally, STCM appears inattentive to the major, recent rethinking of standards and procedures for causal inference from observational data.
Ideological Asymmetries and the Essence of Political Psychology

Individuals are not merely passive vessels of whatever beliefs and opinions they have been exposed to; rather, they are attracted to belief systems that resonate with their own psychological needs and interests, including epistemic, existential, and relational needs to attain certainty, security, and social belongingness. Jost, Glaser, Kruglanski, and Sulloway (2003) demonstrated that needs to manage uncertainty and threat were associated with core values of political conservatism, namely respect for tradition and acceptance of inequality. Since 2003 there have been far more studies on the psychology of left-right ideology than in the preceding half century, and their empirical yield helps to address lingering questions and criticisms. We have identified 181 studies of epistemic motivation (involving 130,000 individual participants) and nearly 100 studies of existential motivation (involving 360,000 participants). These databases, which are much larger and more heterogeneous than those used in previous meta-analyses, confirm that significant ideological asymmetries exist with respect to dogmatism, cognitive/perceptual rigidity, personal needs for order/structure/closure, integrative complexity, tolerance of ambiguity/uncertainty, need for cognition, cognitive reflection, self-deception, and subjective perceptions of threat. Exposure to objectively threatening circumstances—such as terrorist attacks, governmental warnings, and shifts in racial demography—contribute to modest “conservative shifts” in public opinion. There are also ideological asymmetries in relational motivation, including the desire to share reality, perceptions of within-group consensus, collective self-efficacy, homogeneity of social networks, and the tendency to trust the government more when one's own political party is in power. Although some object to the very notion that there are meaningful psychological differences between leftists and rightists, the identification of “elective affinities” between cognitive-motivational processes and contents of specific belief systems is essential to the study of political psychology. Political psychologists may contribute to the development of a good society not by downplaying ideological differences or advocating “Swiss-style neutrality” when it comes to human values, but by investigating such phenomena critically, even—or perhaps especially—when there is pressure in society to view them uncritically.
Performance measurements of complex signal and image processing algorithms over multiple signal processor systems

The evolution of commercial signal processors has enabled migrating these devices toward the sensor of a detection system while eliminating specialized hardware to perform similar operations. As the technology of the signal processor has evolved, systems have been formulated with multiple instances of the signal processor to achieve a linear improvement in throughput performance. Two forces that enable this linear improvement are primarily the ability of an algorithm to be mathematically separated into the several components and secondarily the interconnection structure established between the signal processors. A classic problem achieving this linear improvement is implementing the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) across several signal processor systems. Other signal-processing and image-processing algorithms that exhibit similar linear improvement of performance over the number of processors also exist. A critical evaluation of generic signal- and image-processing algorithms on multiple signal-processor architectures has been performed, using the singular metric that illustrates true performance—execution time. In this evaluation, several strategies were assessed to reveal strengths and weaknesses sensitive to the target architecture in maximizing performance gain. This paper describes the methodology of this study and presents the results of the types of algorithms that meet this linear improvement with respect to number of signal processors.
Predictors of natural mentoring relationships among former foster youth.

Abstract Based on a panel survey of 683 foster youth, the current study examined the respective relationships between the characteristics of former foster youth and various attributes of natural mentoring relationships, including the (1) likelihood that youth have a natural mentor, (2) relationship role (e.g., family member, non-family acquaintance) of mentors vis-a-vis youth, (3) frequency of contact between youth and natural mentors, and (4) emotional closeness of the youth-mentor relationship. Study results suggest that a combination of factors, including youths' social-emotional competencies and participation in social institutions (e.g., religious or service organizations) play very different roles in the development and maintenance of positive natural mentoring relationships. Collectively, the findings suggest several potentially important implications for foster youth and natural mentoring policy, practice, and research.
Cooperative parameter identification of advection-diffusion processes using a mobile sensor network

Online parameter identification of advection-diffusion processes is performed using a mobile sensor network. A constrained cooperative Kalman filter is developed to provide estimates of the field values and gradients along the trajectories of the mobile sensor network so that the temporal variations of the field values can be estimated. Utilizing the state estimates from the constrained cooperative Kalman filter, a recursive least square (RLS) algorithm is designed to estimate the unknown parameters of the advection-diffusion process. We provide bias analysis of the RLS in the paper. In addition to validating the proposed algorithm in simulated advection-diffusion fields, we build a controllable CO 2 advection-diffusion field in a lab and design a sensor grid that collects the field concentration over time to allow the validation of the proposed algorithm in the CO 2 field. Experimental results demonstrate robustness of the algorithm under realistic uncertainties and disturbances.
Dynamic integration of heterogeneous transportation modes under disruptive events

An integrated urban transportation system usually consists of multiple transport modes that have complementary characteristics of capacities, speeds, and costs, facilitating smooth passenger transfers according to planned schedules. However, such an integration is not designed to operate under disruptive events, e.g., a signal failure at a subway station or a breakdown of a bus, which have rippling effects on passenger demand and significantly increase delays. To address these disruptive events, current solutions mainly rely on a substitute service to transport passengers from and to affected areas using ad-hoc schedules and static routes, e.g., sending shuttles to closed subway stations. These solutions are highly inefficient and do not utilize real-time data to estimate dynamic passenger demand. To fully utilize heterogeneous transportation systems under disruptive events, we design a service called eRoute based on a hierarchical receding horizon control framework to automatically reroute, reschedule, and reallocate multi-mode transportation systems based on real-time and predicted demand and supply. Focusing on an integration of subway and bus, we implement and evaluate eRoute with large datasets including (i) a bus system with 13,000 buses, (ii) a subway system with 127 subway stations, (iii) an automatic fare collection system with a total of 16,840 readers and 8 million card users from a metropolitan city. The data-driven evaluation results show that our solution improves the ratio of served passengers (RSP) by up to 11.5 times and reduces the average traveling time by up to 82.1% compared with existing solutions.
Folliculitis Decalvans and Dissecting Cellulitis

Folliculitis decalvans (FD) is an inflammatory scalp disorder. This neutrophilic, scarring alopecia is felt to be caused by an abnormal immune response to Staphylococcus aureus. It affects African American males most commonly. Tufted folliculitis is a classic clinical finding. The disorder is chronic and difficult to treat; however, various oral antibiotics, corticosteroids, and laser treatments have been used to ameliorate the condition.
Status and Hierarchy in Nonhuman Primate Societies

In recent years, two authors (Gartlan, 1968; Rowell, 1974) have examined and found wanting the application of concepts of social dominance to the behavior of, primarily, nonhuman primates. These criticisms, I believe, fulfill the purpose of ridding us of an outmoded unitary concept, but they also suffer from a degree of unclarity and excessive zeal, brushing aside many well-established, puzzling, and interesting findings. While preparing a reply to these criticisms, I found two ideas to be of underlying importance. One of these is that discussions of social dominance must guard against muddling of conceptual levels. The other is that certain time-honored approaches to the study of dominance attempt to dispense with variability when that variability is itself likely to be our clue to any further understanding. These and other, minor, novelties I hope will make this paper more than just a reply to a critique.
Fusing movement, sound, and video in Falling Up , an interactive dance/theatre production

Falling Up is an evening-length performance incorporating dance and theatre with movement-controlled audio/video playback and processing. The solo show is a collaboration between Cindy Cummings (performance) and Todd Winkler (sound, video), first performed at the Dublin Fringe Festival, 2001. Each thematic section of the work shows a different type of interactive relationship between movement, video and sound. This demonstration explains the various technical configurations and aesthetic thinking behind aspects of the work.
Electronic Speckle Pattern Interferometry in Characterizing Rock Fracture

The fracture of rock and concrete is characterized by the formation and propagation of the fracture process zone. It has been suggested that this process zone is initially formed by micro-cracks which subsequently coalesce into a discrete macrocrack. Quantitative study of discrete crack propagation has become an important issue in rock mechanics. Examples of application of this research area include: rock blasting, oil drilling, and more recently, in storage of nuclear wastes in underground rock salt deposits. Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics (LEFM) has been applied by several researchers to understand crack propagation in rocks, but the success of the LEFM approach has been limited due to the presence of a FPZ at the crack tip, and nonlinear behavior of the material is known to be a consequence of this zone. This nonlinear behavior has significant effect on the propagation of the fracture and consequent mechanical behavior. There is a lack of detailed information regarding the crack propagation as well the FPZ, including shape, size, traction zone and crack width. In order to better understand the fracture mechanics of rock, following issues need to be addressed, i.e. detection and quantification of the FPZ through experiment, interpretation of experimental data to obtain valid material models and use of such models in the analysis of a great many engineering problems that involve geotechnical structures.
Synthesis, Structure, and Magnetic Properties of a Novel Mixed-Valent Strontium Rhodium Oxide

Sr6Rh5O15, a new n = 1 member of the A3n+1A‘Bn+3O9+6n family of hexagonal perovskites, has been synthesized. In the structure, RhO6 octahedra form face-sharing linear tetramers, which are linked by RhO6 trigonal prisms to form infinite [RhO3]∞ chains. Magnetic measurements show that each tetramer contains only one unpaired electron due to rhodium−rhodium interactions. At low temperatures, the systems order antiferromagnetically with an anomolously large drop in susceptibility.
Low Nonrelapse Mortality after HLA-Matched Related 2-Step Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Using Cyclophosphamide for Graft-versus-Host Disease Prophylaxis and the Potential Impact of Non- Cyclophosphamide-Exposed T Cells on Outcomes.

ABSTRACT The use of cyclophosphamide (CY) for bidirectional tolerization of recipient and donor T cells is associated with reduced rates of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and nonrelapse mortality (NRM) after HLA-matched hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). However, recurrent disease remains the primary barrier to long-term survival. We extended our 2-step approach to HLA-matched related HSCT using a radiation-based myeloablative conditioning regimen combined with a high dose of T cells in an attempt to reduce relapse rates while maintaining the beneficial effects of CY tolerization. After conditioning, patients received their grafts in 2 components: (1) a fixed dose of 2 × 108/kg T cells, followed 2 days later by CY, and (2) a CD34-selected graft containing a small residual amount of non-CY-exposed T cells, at a median dose of 2.98 × 103/kg. Forty-six patients with hematologic malignancies were treated. Despite the myeloablative conditioning regimen and use of high T cell doses, the cumulative incidences of grade II-IV acute GVHD, chronic GVHD, and NRM at 1 year and 5 years were very low, at 13%, 9%, and 4.3%, respectively. This contributed to a high overall survival of 89.1% at 1 year and 65.8% at 5 years. Relapse was the primary cause of mortality, with a cumulative incidence of 23.9% at 1 year and 45.7% at 5 years. In a post hoc analysis, relapse rates were significantly lower in patients receiving greater than versus those receiving less than the group median of non-CY-exposed residual T cells in the CD34 product (19.3% versus 58.1%; P = .009), without a concomitant increase in NRM. In its current form, this 2-step regimen was highly tolerable, but strategies to reduce relapse, potentially the addition of T cells not exposed to CY, are needed.
Health-Related Quality of Life in Former National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I Collegiate Athletes Compared With Noncollegiate Athletes: A 5-Year Follow-Up.

CONTEXT The effect of athletic participation on lifelong health among elite athletes has received increasing attention, as sport-related injuries can have a substantial influence on long-term health. OBJECTIVE To determine the current health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of former National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I athletes compared with noncollegiate athletes 5 years after an initial assessment. DESIGN Cohort study. SETTING Online survey. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS From the former Division I athletes, 193 responses were received (response rate = 83.2%; 128 men, 65 women; age = 58.47 ± 6.17 years), and from the noncollegiate athletes, 169 surveys were returned (response rate = 75.1%; 80 men, 89 women; age = 58.44 ± 7.28 years). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) The independent variables were time (baseline, 5 years later) and group (former Division I athlete, noncollegiate athlete). Participants completed 7 Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System scales: sleep disturbance, anxiety, depression, fatigue, pain interference, physical function, and satisfaction with participation in social roles. RESULTS Sleep disturbance, depression, fatigue, pain, and physical function were significant for time × group interactions (P values < .05), with the largest differences seen in pain and physical function between groups at time point 2 (22.19 and 13.99 points, respectively). Former Division I athletes had worse scores for depression, fatigue, pain, and physical function at follow-up (P values < .05), with the largest differences seen on the depression, fatigue, and physical function scales (8.33, 6.23, and 6.61 points, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Because of the competitive nature of sport, the long-term risks of diminished HRQoL need to become a priority for health care providers and athletes during their athletic careers. Additionally, physical activity transition programs need to be explored to help senior student-athletes transition from highly structured and competitive collegiate athletics to lifestyle physical activity, as it appears that individuals in the noncollegiate athlete cohort engaged in more physical activity, weighed less, and had increased HRQoL.
Link between Mild Traumatic Brain Injury, Poor Sleep, and Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Visible Perivascular Spaces in Veterans

Impaired clearance of perivascular waste in the brain may play a critical role in morbidity after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). We aimed to determine the effect of mTBI on the burden of magne...
Thermal conductivity measurement at the micrometer scales

Abstract To measure the thermal conductivity of microscale specimens, the methodology and capability of a novel thermal conductivity measurement technique, applicable to micro- and nanoscale scale measurement, is discussed. The methodology integrates a device consisting of two identical microheaters with thin-filmed platinum heating elements and integrated resistance temperature devices (RTDs) on trenched, thermally isolated silicon substrates. The platinum RTDs used for temperature measurement were calibrated by monitoring the melting points of three metallic microspheres placed on the device as its power was increased. We validated our measurement technique by measuring thermal conductivities of several micrometer-sized metallic wire standards with known values. A multiphysical analysis based on a 3D finite element method (FEM) has been conducted to simulate both the electric and thermal behaviors of the microheaters. These FEM simulations describing the heating and heat flow in the device facilitated optimizing the device geometrical configuration to minimize heat loss and thus to realize high measurement fidelity. The temperature profiles near the microheaters obtained during measurement confirmed the device design objective of localizing heat only to microheaters to achieve the desired high measurement fidelity.
Trends in Health Information Technology Use Among the US Population With and Without Cardiovascular Risk Factors, 2012-2018: Evidence From the National Health Interview Survey.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has required clinicians to pivot to offering services via telehealth; however, it is unclear which patients (users of care) are equipped to use digital health. This is especially pertinent for adults managing chronic diseases, such as obesity, hypertension, and diabetes, which require regular follow-up, medication management, and self-monitoring. Objective: The aim of this study is to measure the trends and assess factors affecting health information technology (HIT) use among members of the US population with and without cardiovascular risk factors. Methods: We used serial cross-sectional data from the National Health Interview Survey for the years 2012-2018 to assess trends in HIT use among adults, stratified by age and cardiovascular risk factor status. We developed multivariate logistic regression models adjusted for age, sex, race, insurance status, marital status, geographic region, and perceived health status to assess the likelihood of HIT use among patients with and without cardiovascular disease risk factors. Results: A total of 14,304 (44.6%) and 14,644 (58.7%) participants reported using HIT in 2012 and 2018, respectively. When comparing the rates of HIT use for the years 2012 and 2018, among participants without cardiovascular risk factors, the HIT use proportion increased from 51.1% to 65.8%; among those with one risk factor, it increased from 43.9% to 59%; and among those with more than one risk factor, it increased from 41.3% to 54.7%. Increasing trends in HIT use were highest among adults aged >65 years (annual percentage change [APC] 8.3%), who had more than one cardiovascular risk factor (APC 5%) and among those who did not graduate from high school (APC 8.8%). Likelihood of HIT use was significantly higher in individuals who were younger, female, and non-Hispanic White; had higher education and income; were married; and reported very good or excellent health status. In 2018, college graduates were 7.18 (95% CI 5.86-8.79), 6.25 (95% CI 5.02-7.78), or 7.80 (95% CI 5.87-10.36) times more likely to use HIT compared to adults without high school education among people with multiple cardiovascular risk factors, one cardiovascular risk factor, or no cardiovascular risk factors, respectively. Conclusions: Over 2012-2018, HIT use increased nationally, with greater use noted among younger and higher educated US adults. Targeted strategies are needed to engage wider age, racial, education, and socioeconomic groups by lowering barriers to HIT access and use.
Inflammatory and environmental contributions to social information processing.

It appears that social information processing is negatively affected by inflammation, but extant research is primarily experimental and comes from laboratory-based manipulations of inflammatory sta...
Dancing with the Shadow of the Object: Tango as a Means of Embodied Symbolization– Commentary of Dawn Farber’s “Psychoanalysis and Tango: Complex Arts of Grief Therapy”

In my discussion of Dawn Farber’s evocative essay on Tango and Psychoanalysis (this issue) I focus on the body and its affective repertoire as well as its sensorial physicality as our first means o...
COVID-19 mRNA Vaccination in Lactation: Assessment of Adverse Events and Vaccine Related Antibodies in Mother-Infant Dyads.

Background: Data regarding adverse events observed in the lactating mother-infant dyad and their immune response to COVID-19 mRNA vaccination during lactation are needed to inform vaccination guidelines. Methods: From a prospective cohort of 50 lactating individuals who received mRNA-based vaccines for COVID-19 (mRNA-1273 and BNT162b2), blood and milk samples were collected prior to first vaccination dose, immediately prior to 2nd dose, and 4-10 weeks after 2nd dose. Symptoms in mother and infant were assessed by detailed questionnaires. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels in blood and milk were measured by Pylon 3D automated immunoassay and ELISA. In addition, vaccine-related PEGylated proteins in milk were measured by ELISA. Blood samples were collected from a subset of infants whose mothers received the vaccine during lactation (4-15 weeks after mothers’ 2nd dose). Results: No severe maternal or infant adverse events were reported in this cohort. Two mothers and two infants were diagnosed with COVID-19 during the study period. PEGylated proteins, were not found at significant levels in milk after vaccination. After vaccination, levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgM significantly increased in maternal plasma and there was significant transfer of anti-SARS-CoV-2-Receptor Binding Domain (anti-RBD) IgA and IgG antibodies to milk. Milk IgA levels after the 2nd dose were negatively associated with infant age. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies were not detected in the plasma of infants whose mothers were vaccinated during lactation. Conclusions: COVID-19 mRNA vaccines generate robust immune responses in plasma and milk of lactating individuals without severe adverse events reported.