cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Panic probes and the identification of panic: a historical and cross-cultural perspective.

This article reviews the historical development of the category of panic disorder in the United States, particularly the shifting perspectives on both what causes panic and how the presence of panic should be determined. The notion that panic attacks of a panic-disorder type must be "out of the blue" and "unexpected," except in the case of triggering by a particular place (i.e., agoraphobia), is critiqued. The authors illustrate that a meaningful epidemiological determination of panic rates in other cultural groups must be preceded by a detailed ethnography that ascertains the catastrophic cognitions, core symptoms, and typical cues of panic attacks in that particular context.
Lawn mower injuries presenting to the emergency department: 2005 to 2015

Abstract Objective The objective of this study was to describe recent trends in the epidemiology of lawn mower injuries presenting to the Emergency Department in the United States using nationally representative data for all ages. Methods Data for this retrospective analysis were obtained from the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission's National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS), for the years 2005–2015. We queried the system using all product codes under “lawn mowers” in the NEISS Coding Manual. We examined body part injured, types of injuries, gender and age distribution, and disposition. Results There were an estimated 934,394 lawn mower injuries treated in U.S. ED's from 2005 to 2015, with an average of 84,944 injuries annually. The most commonly injured body parts were the hand/finger (22.3%), followed by the lower extremity (16.2%). The most common type of injury was laceration (23.1%), followed by sprain/strain (18.8%). The mean age of individuals injured was 46.5 years, and men were more than three times as likely to be injured as women. Patients presenting to the ED were far more likely to be discharged home after treatment (90.5%) than to be admitted (8.5%). Conclusion Lawn mowers continue to account for a large number of injuries every year in the United States. The incidence of lawn mower injuries showed no decrease during the period of 2005–2015. Preventative measures should take into account the epidemiology of these injuries.
25 Years of Nonlinearity in Oceanography from the Lagrangian Perspective

The Lagrangian view of geophysical fluid dynamics relies heavily on nonlinear methods familiar to most geoscientists. These include identification of hyperbolic and elliptic regions in flow fields along with finite time and scale Lyapunov exponents and particle dispersion statistics. Here we identify elliptic and hyperbolic regions to study the life cycle of a large anticyclonic eddy in the Gulf of Mexico. Hyperbolic regions develop simultaneously down to 200m when the Loop Current sheds the ring. The ring’s migration across the Gulf is monitored by tracking the movement of its elliptic point. Its abrupt disappearance is the result of interaction with a nearby hyperbolic region, which exists to 150m. Some broader implications of this approach are discussed in the last section.
Detection of mucopolysaccharidosis III-A (Sanfilippo Syndrome-A) in dried blood spots (DBS) by tandem mass spectrometry.

Abstract Background With ongoing efforts to develop improved treatments for Sanfilippo Syndrome Type A (MPS-IIIA), a disease caused by the inability to degrade heparan sulfate in lysosomes, we sought to develop an enzymatic activity assay for the relevant enzyme, sulfamidase, that uses dried blood spots (DBS). Methods We designed and synthesized a new sulfamidase substrate that can be used to measure sulfamidase activity in DBS using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Results Sulfamidase activity was readily detected in DBS using the new substrate and LC-MS/MS. Sulfamidase activity showed acceptable linearity proportional to the amount of enzyme and reaction time. Sulfamidase activity in 238 random newborns was well elevated compared to the range of activities measured in DBS from 8 patients previously confirmed to have MPS-IIIA. Conclusions This is the first report of an assay capable of detecting sulfamidase in DBS. The new assay could be useful in diagnosis and potentially for newborn screening of MPS-IIIA.
The role of institutional arrangements for more efficient water resources use and allocation

Water resources management requires an interdisciplinary approach to meet the challenges posed by ever increasing water demand and pollution. This paper discusses in which way appropriate institutional arrangements are complementary to technical interventions that aim to increase more efficient water use and allocation. Specific emphasis is given to water property rights as one of the determining factors in regard to the institutional framework. Issues such as the range of flexibility in designing property rights to water, the implications for pricing, enforcement and sanctioning mechanisms as well as for water trading and information needs are highlighted.
OPTIMAL ASSET ALLOCATION WITH STOCHASTIC INTEREST RATES IN REGIME-SWITCHING MODELS

This paper focuses on optimal asset allocation with stochastic interest rates in regime-switching models. A class of stochastic optimal control problems with Markovian regime-switching is formulate...
Trajectories of Relative Performance with 2 Measures of Global Cognitive Function

Author(s): Espeland, Mark A; Chen, Jiu-Chiuan; Weitlauf, Julie; Hayden, Kathleen M; Rapp, Stephen R; Resnick, Susan M; Garcia, Lorena; Cannell, Brad; Baker, Laura D; Sachs, Bonnie C; Tindle, Hilary A; Wallace, Robert; Casanova, Ramon; Women's Health Initiative Memory Study Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study Group | Abstract: ObjectivesTo examine whether trajectories of global cognitive function over time in studies that change assessment protocols may be modeled based on an individual's performance relative to others in the study cohort.DesignExtended follow-up of a cohort originally enrolled in a clinical trial of postmenopausal hormone therapy.SettingThe Women's Health Initiative Memory Study switched from an in-person interview with the Modified Mini-Mental State Examination to a telephone-based interview with the modified Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status to assess global cognitive function over long-term follow-up.ParticipantsWomen aged 75 to 92 (N=2,561).MeasurementsAnnual cognitive assessments from participants, ranked according to age-, race- and ethnicity-adjusted performance levels, were used to identify distinct trajectories. Participants assigned to the resulting trajectories were compared for selected risk factor profiles.ResultsOur approach grouped participants into five trajectories according to relative cognitive performance over time. These groups differed significantly according to 3 known risk factors for cognitive decline-education level, apolipoprotein E-ϵ4 genotype, and type 2 diabetes mellitus-and a biomarker based on brain structure that has been linked to cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease. Participants with consistently low relative levels of cognitive function over time and those whose relative performance over time declined to these levels tended to have poorer risk factor profiles.ConclusionLongitudinal measures of an individual's relative performance on different assessment protocols for global cognitive function can be used to identify trajectories of change over time that appear to have internal validity with respect to known risk factors.
Performance Tuning to Close Ninja Gap for Accelerator Physics Emulation System (APES) on Intel$$^{\textregistered }$$ Xeon Phi$$^{\mathrm{TM}}$$ Processors

Radio frequency field and particle interaction is of critical importance in modern synchrotrons. Accelerator Physics Emulation System (APES) is a C++ code written with the purpose of simulating the particle dynamics in ring-shaped accelerators. During the tracking process, the particles interact with each other indirectly through the EM field excited by the charged particles in the RF cavity. This a hot spot in the algorithm that takes up roughly 90% of the execution time. We show how a set of well-known code restructuring and algorithmic changes coupled with advancements in modern compiler technology can bring down the Ninja gap to provide more than 7x performance improvements. These changes typically require low programming effort, as compared to the very high effort in producing Ninja code.
On the formation of hörnesite in a Fatimid manuscript folio

A folio fragment attributed to the Fatimid period in Egypt was found to bear tufts of white crystals associated with the orange-brown and yellow paints. Raman spectroscopy identified a mixture of arsenic sulfide-based pigments in the orange-brown and yellow areas, along with vermilion in the outlines of the figures. X-ray microdiffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry identified the white crystals as hornesite [Mg3(AsO4)2·8H2O]. Synthesis of this compound at ambient temperature and elevated relative humidity over a period of 3 years, on paper painted with arsenic sulfide pigments and treated with magnesium carbonate, suggests the possibility that a magnesium-based deacidification treatment may have contributed to the formation of this phase on the folio fragment. This work highlights the potential damage that may be sustained by arsenic sulfide-based media through exposure to deacidifying suspensions such as the ones often used in the past to treat works of art on paper and historic documents.
Supersymmetry and LHC Missing Energy Signals

Current analyses of the LHC data put stringent bounds on strongly interacting supersymmetric particles, restricting the masses of squarks and gluinos to be above the TeV scale. However, the supersymmetric electroweak sector is poorly constrained. In this article we explore the consistency of possible LHC missing energy signals with the broader phenomenological structure of the electroweak sector in low energy supersymmetry models. As an example, we focus on the newly developed recursive jigsaw reconstruction analysis by ATLAS, which reports interesting event excesses in channels containing dilepton and trilepton final states plus missing energy. We show that it is not difficult to obtain compatibility of these LHC data with the observed dark matter relic density, the bounds from dark matter direct detection experiments, and the measured anomalous magnetic moment of the muon. We provide analytical expressions which can be used to understand the range of gaugino masses, the value of the Higgsino mass parameter, the heavy Higgs spectrum, the ratio of the Higgs vacuum expectation values $\mathrm{tan}\ensuremath{\beta}$, and the slepton spectrum obtained in our numerical analysis of these observables.
The Intensive Cognitive-Communication Rehabilitation Program for Young Adults With Acquired Brain Injury.

Purpose This study investigated the effects of an intensive cognitive-communication rehabilitation (ICCR) program for young individuals with chronic acquired brain injury. Method ICCR included clas...
Re-introduction of the Book, Media, and Resource Review Section

The editorial staff of the Journal of Gerontological Social Work is pleased to announce the re-introduction of the Book, Media, and Resource Review section of the journal. This section will provide...
Norm Inequalities Relating the Hilbert Transform to the Hardy-Littlewood Maximal Function

R. Coifman and C. Fefferman have shown for 1 < p < ∞ that the weighted Lp norm of the Hilbert transform is bounded by the weighted Lp norm of the Hardy-Littlewood maximal function if the weight function satisfies the condition A∞. It is shown in the first part of this paper that A∞ is not a necessary condition by deriving a large class of weight functions not in A∞ for which the norm inequality holds. The rest of the paper consists of the derivation of a necessary condition for the norm inequality; this condition closely resembles the A∞ condition.
Stigma in the Comments Section: Feminist and Anti-Feminist Discussions Online

Abstract Using rhetorical scholarship on stigma, I discuss in this article how feminism can be understood as a stigmatized identification and therefore how claiming to be a feminist can result in difficulties between feminist and anti-feminist communicants online. I analyzed the comments posted to a series of three articles that reported on Emma Watson’s feminist speech to the United Nations given on September 20th, 2014, and found that there continues to be a widespread definitional and in practice misunderstanding of what feminism is despite the opportunities feminists have had to reach broader and more inviting audiences. Ultimately I conclude that the argument against feminism is still fundamentally the same, but that those who stand in opposition to the goals of feminism seem to be changing rhetorical tactics while feminists are relegated to reacting to the new strategies or perhaps acclimating to the digital landscape.
Chapter Five – QUEUEING THEORY

Publisher Summary One of the most fruitful areas of applied probability theory for computer science applications is that of queueing theory or the study of waiting line phenomena. Similar to queues in daily lives, queues are also common in computer systems. Thus, there are queues of people waiting to use a computer terminal, queues of inquiry messages waiting for processing by the central computer system, queues of channel requests, and queues of input/output (I/O) requests. This chapter provides an overview of queueing theory and presents the elements of a queueing system pictorially. It highlights the fundamental ideas of queueing theory and discusses some of the basic queueing systems that are especially useful in computer science. It illustrates the use of these systems with a number of examples. For some computer systems, such as an on-line inquiry system, different parts of the system may be viewed as the essential queueing system, depending on where bottlenecks are felt to occur. Thus, if input and output message transmission times are negligible compared to the processing time at the central computer system, then the model of an on-line computer system may consist of the central computer system as the single server with the incoming inquiries playing the role of customers.
In Defense of Rhetoric

Persuasiveness should not be confused with correctness. This is the insight behind the objection that Logic has to Rhetoric. The number of people you persuade to vote your way or to buy your product has little or nothing to do with the merits of the reasons you are offering for doing so. You can persuade people to buy your product or support your position by intimidating them, or by appealing to their desire to please you or their fear of offending you. You can persuade them without necessarily convincing them that it really is the right position. Even if you do convince them, your argument for doing so may not be very good. This point becomes even more obvious when they are called upon to explain or defend their vote or purchase. They may have all sorts of problems responding to critical questions, and they may find that the reasoning that convinced them no longer works when they have to rely on it to convince someone else. The effectiveness of the rhetoric you used should not be confused with its logical correctness. Logic is not concerned with psychology, whereas that is just what seems the preoccupation of Rhetoric.
Role of secreted extracellular nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (eNAMPT) in prostate cancer progression: Novel biomarker and therapeutic target

Abstract Background There remains a serious need to prevent the progression of invasive prostate cancer (PCa). We previously showed that secreted extracellular nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (eNAMPT) is a multifunctional innate immunity regulator via TLR4 ligation which has been implicated in PCa progression. Here we investigate the role of eNAMPT as a diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target in the progression of PCa. Methods Tumor NAMPT expression and plasma eNAMPT level were evaluated in human subjects with various PCa tumor stages and high risk subjects followed-up clinically for PCa. The genetic regulation of NAMPT expression in PCa cells and the role of eNAMPT in PCa invasion were investigated utilizing in vitro and in vivo models. Findings Marked NAMPT expression was detected in human extraprostatic-invasive PCa tissues compared to minimal expression of organ-confined PCa. Plasma eNAMPT levels were significantly elevated in PCa subjects compared to male controls, and significantly greater in subjects with extraprostatic-invasive PCa compared to subjects with organ-confined PCa. Plasma eNAMPT levels showed significant predictive value for diagnosing PCa. NAMPT expression and eNAMPT secretion were highly upregulated in human PCa cells in response to hypoxia-inducible factors and EGF. In vitro cell culture and in vivo preclinical mouse model studies confirmed eNAMPT-mediated enhancement of PCa invasiveness into muscle tissues and dramatic attenuation of PCa invasion by weekly treatment with an eNAMPT-neutralizing polyclonal antibody. Interpretation This study suggests that eNAMPT is a potential biomarker for PCa, especially invasive PCa. Neutralization of eNAMPT may be an effective therapeutic approach to prevent PCa invasion and progression.
Pronated Grip View With Wrist Deviation: A Pilot Study on the Effect on Ulnocarpal Relationships.

Background We hypothesize that different positions of the wrist in the coronal plane makes the carpus susceptible to ulnar impaction. Methods We prospectively enrolled 10 adult volunteers and obtained fluoroscopic images of each wrist in 12 different positions using a standardized protocol. Distances from the ulna to the lunate (UL) and ulna to the triquetrum (UT) were digitally measured as was the portion of the lunate surface area that was uncovered (LUR) with wrist deviation. Results A wrist position of Pronation, Neutral Deviation, and Grip (P-ND-G) significantly shortened the ulnocarpal distance when compared to a position of Neutral Rotation, Neutral Deviation, and No Grip (NR-ND-NG). Radial deviation during pronation and gripping (Pronated, Radial Deviation, Gripping [P-RD-G]) resulted in the lowest mean UL distance (1.2 mm). UT distance was minimized by a position of ulnar deviation during a pronated grip (Pronated, Ulnar Deviation, Gripping [P-UD-G]) (3.1 mm). The lunate becomes more uncovered with radial deviation. Conclusion Radial deviation minimizes the UL distance while ulnar deviation minimizes the UT distance during a wrist position of pronation and gripping. Further, there is more proximal lunate surface area uncoverage during all positions of radial deviation compared to ulnar deviation.
Mediators of relations of obesity treatment-associated changes in mood and weight: extending cross-sectional research

Significant cross-sectional associations between mood and weight have been made in women; however, data on associated longitudinal effects and their psychological and behavioral mechanisms are required to inform obesity treatments that mostly have limited success beyond the very short term. Women participating in behavioral obesity treatments were assessed on psychological and behavioral measures, and weight change over 12 months. A treatment focused on physical activity and self-regulation (n = 67) had significantly better improvements than a treatment centered around weight-loss education (n = 64) on measures of mood (overall mood, depression, anxiety), self-regulation, emotional eating, eating behaviors, physical activity, and weight in women with obesity. Incorporating a lagged variable design, 12-month weight loss was significantly predicted (separately) by changes in overall negative mood, depression, and anxiety. When changes in measures of self-regulation, emotional eating, and eating behaviors were sequentially entered as mediators, mood change-weight change relationships were rendered non-significant. Significant mediation paths were: mood change→self-regulation change→weight change, and mood change→self-regulation change→eating behavior change→weight change. They were unaffected by the treatment group. Findings contributed to both theory and obesity intervention architectures via a design sensitive to the dynamic psychological and behavioral changes occurring within weight-loss processes.
Hate Crimes: Crimes of Motive, Character, or Group Terror?

The primary objection of traditional criminal law theory to hate crimes is use of the actor's motive in defining the offense or the penalty enhancement. Motive, it is said, ought not be, and generally is not held to be, relevant to criminal liability. Hate crimes violate this rule by taking account of the actor's motive - his or her anti-race, anti-religion, anti-sexual preference, or other anti-group motive. I will argue that motive ought to be and commonly is, notwithstanding the claims to the contrary, an element in determining liability or grade of offense. What is objectionable, and what generally has been prohibited, is use of an actor's character or general set of values as an element of liability or grading; but motive is not character. By keeping the law's focus only upon the character attributes relevant to the conduct constituting the offense, motive in fact serves a useful role in reducing the temptation of liability inquiries to stray towards punishing general character. While reliance upon motive may be consistent with traditional criminal law theory, it does not follow that motive is necessarily the best criterion for defining the harms and evils that hate crimes seek to punish. Using an actor's bigoted motivation as a defining characteristic creates special difficulties in implementation and application, as well as dangers of infringing constitutionally protected speech or expressive conduct. One might conclude that, while traditional notions of criminal law theory would permit its use, hate motivation is best avoided as an offense or grading element, in favor of more objective factors present in such offenses. A promising alternative is the criminalization of conduct that is intended to cause (or risk) intimidation or terror of an identifiable group. That alternative avoids the possibility of First Amendment problems and is consistent with mainstream criminal law theory by punishing an actor according to the extent of the harm caused, risked, or intended.
Identifying Differences in Risk Factors for Depression and Anxiety in Pediatric Chronic Disease: A Matched Cross-Sectional Study of Youth with Lupus/Mixed Connective Tissue Disease and Their Peers with Diabetes.

Objective To investigate differences in risk factors for depression and anxiety, such as central nervous system involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)/mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD), by comparing youth with SLE/MCTD to peers with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D). Study design We conducted a cross-sectional study of 50 outpatient pairs, ages 8 years and above, matching subjects with SLE/MCTD and T1D by sex and age group. We screened for depression, suicidal ideation, and anxiety using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and the Screen for Childhood Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders, respectively. We collected parent-reported mental health treatment data. We compared prevalence and treatment rates between subjects with SLE/MCTD and T1D, and identified disease-specific risk factors using logistic regression. Results Depression symptoms were present in 23%, suicidal ideation in 15%, and anxiety in 27% of participants. Compared with subjects with T1D, subjects with SLE/MCTD had lower adjusted rates of depression and suicidal ideation, yet poorer rates of mental health treatment (24% vs 53%). Non-White race/ethnicity and longer disease duration were independent risk factors for depression and suicidal ideation. Depression was associated with poor disease control in both groups, and anxiety with insulin pump use in subjects with T1D. Conclusion Depression and anxiety are high and undertreated in youth with SLE/MCTD and T1D. Focusing on risk factors such as race/ethnicity and disease duration may improve their mental health care. Further study of central nervous system and other disease-related factors may identify targets for intervention.
Pathobiology of Blast Injury

Injury due to explosive detonation has previously been isolated to industrial accidents and soldiers and civilians in areas of armed military action. Substantial data regarding blast-related patterns of injury has come from military reports and research, and there have been significant advances in protective vehicle and body armor, ‘far forward’ provision of medical care, and evacuation procedures. Despite this, explosive munitions and improvised explosive devices still comprise the majority of combat morbidity and mortality [1]–[4]. There is also increased targeting of civilians in a global political environment where incendiary devices are a principle instrument of modern terrorism [5]–[7]. Events in preceding decades indicate a critical need for both civilian and military emergency and intensive care providers to understand the pathophysiology and management of blast-related injuries.
Antagonistic Effect of Monovalent Cations in Maintenance of Cellular Integrity of a Marine Bacterium

The susceptibility of a marine bacterium, designated isolate c-A1, to lysis in distilled water and in salt solutions has been found to be a function of Na(+) concentration. Optical densities of cells pre-exposed to 0.05 m MgCl(2) were maintained in 1.0 m KCl, whereas those of cells pre-exposed to 1.0 m NaCl were not maintained at any KCl concentration tested. Cells transferred from MgCl(2) to low concentrations of NaCl underwent more extensive lysis than did those transferred to distilled water. The degree of disruption of cells transferred to distilled water from mixtures of 0.05 m MgCl(2) and NaCl (0 to 1.0 m) was dependent on the concentration of NaCl; similar results were obtained with LiCl, but not with KCl. In electron micrographs of thin sections, c-A1 cell envelopes consisted of two double-track layers which fractured and peeled apart on lysis after pre-exposure to NaCl-MgCl(2) mixtures. Envelope eruptions or "hernias" occurred only in lysed cells pre-exposed to NaCl alone. No evidence for a functional lytic enzyme was found. Comparative studies on a terrestrial pseudomonad with a multilayered envelope indicated that preexposure to NaCl did not enhance the susceptibility of this cell to lysis in distilled water. The lytic susceptibility of the marine bacterium is considered to be the consequence of competition between specific monovalent cations and Mg(++) for electrostatic interactions with components of the cell envelope of this organism.
Lung‐Derived Growth Factors: Ontogenic Shift in Parahormone Secretion in the Perinatal Rat Lung

Primary cultures of perinatal rat fibroblasts were found to produce at least three mitogenic activities which exhibited specificity for distinct cell types. One activity, lung growth factor(LGF), was a potent mitogen for chick embryonal fibroblasts, which also stimulated fetal rat lung fibroblasts to undergo DNA synthesis, provided that these cells were first exposed to a “competence” factor such as fibroblast growth factor or platelet-derived growth factor. Although LGF was active in the somatomedin-C (SmC) radioimmunoassay and resembled buffalo rat liver multiplication-stimulating activity (brlMSA) in molecular size, it appears to consist of a component that is neither SmC nor brlMSA. The second activity produced by perinatal rat lung cultures, pneumocyte-stimulating activity (PSA), stimulated mitosis in type II pneumocytes of postnatal rats, and was found to have physical attributes that are distinct from those of the other known pneumocyte-influencing factors. The third activity is a non-dialyzable substance which complements the mitogenic action of LGF on fetal lung fibroblasts, and appears to be a “competence” activity. An examination of the production of LGF and PSA by rat lung fibroblasts taken at various intervals of development revealed that fetal lung fibroblasts produce maximal levels of LGF but low levels of PSA, whereas, in neonatal lung fibroblasts, the situation is reversed. This ontogenic shift in the type of parahormone produced by the developing perinatal rat lung may be an important regulatory event in postnatal lung morphogenesis in this species.
3D Angiographic Atlas of Neurovascular Anatomy and Pathology

The 3D Angiographic Atlas of Neurovascular Anatomy and Pathology is the first atlas to present neurovascular information and images based on catheter 3D rotational angiographic studies. The images in this book are the culmination of work done by Neil M. Borden over several years using one of the first 3D neurovascular angiographic suites in the United States. With the aid of this revolutionary technology, Dr Borden has performed numerous diagnostic neurovascular angiographic studies as well as endovascular neurosurgical procedures. The spectacular 3D images he obtained are extensively labeled and juxtaposed with conventional 2D angiograms for orientation and comparison. Anatomical color drawings and concise descriptions of the major intracranial vascular territories further enhance understanding of the complex cerebral vasculature.
Exploring the Interaction between Lithium ion and Defective Graphene Surface using Dispersion corrected DFT Studies

To analyze the lithium ion interaction with realistic graphene surfaces, we carried out dispersion corrected DFT-D3 studies on graphene with common point defects and chemisorbed oxygen containing functional groups along with defect free graphene surface. Our study reveals that, the interaction between lithium ion (Li+) and graphene is mainly through the delocalized π electron of pure graphene layer. However, the oxygen containing functional groups pose high adsorption energy for lithium ion due to the Li-O ionic bond formation. Similarly, the point defect groups interact with lithium ion through possible carbon dangling bonds and/or cation-π type interactions. Overall these defect sites render a preferential site for lithium ions compared with pure graphene layer. Based on these findings, the role of graphene surface defects in lithium battery performance were discussed.
Automatic generation of computer graphics languages

This paper describes a system currently under development at Northwestern University which allows a user of a computer graphics system to generate specialized graphics programming languages which are particularly suited to a user's own needs and expertise. Termed a Language Generation System (LGS), it differs from the more traditional compiler-compiler and extensible language systems in the ease and speed of language specification and generation and also in the actual method of language specification employed.We will discuss here the motivation behind the development of LGS, some representative examples of user generated languages, and several principal areas of interest in the design and implementation of language generation systems. The paper concludes with a summary of the major topics presented and the current status of LGS.
Atrial fibrillation after esophagectomy: an indicator of postoperative morbidity

Purpose The relevance of new-onset atrial fibrillation (AF) after esophagectomy remains poorly defined. This study’s primary goal is to better define the incidence, clinical patterns, and outcomes associated with the development of AF after esophagectomy.
Context-rich semantic framework for effective data-to-decisions in coalition networks

In a coalition context, data fusion involves combining of soft (e.g., field reports, intelligence reports) and hard (e.g., acoustic, imagery) sensory data such that the resulting output is better than what it would have been if the data are taken individually. However, due to the lack of explicit semantics attached with such data, it is difficult to automatically disseminate and put the right contextual data in the hands of the decision makers. In order to understand the data, explicit meaning needs to be added by means of categorizing and/or classifying the data in relationship to each other from base reference sources. In this paper, we present a semantic framework that provides automated mechanisms to expose real-time raw data effectively by presenting appropriate information needed for a given situation so that an informed decision could be made effectively. The system utilizes controlled natural language capabilities provided by the ITA (International Technology Alliance) Controlled English (CE) toolkit to provide a human-friendly semantic representation of messages so that the messages can be directly processed in human/machine hybrid environments. The Real-time Semantic Enrichment (RTSE) service adds relevant contextual information to raw data streams from domain knowledge bases using declarative rules. The rules define how the added semantics and context information are derived and stored in a semantic knowledge base. The software framework exposes contextual information from a variety of hard and soft data sources in a fast, reliable manner so that an informed decision can be made using semantic queries in intelligent software systems.
Under-constrained execution: making automatic code destruction easy and scalable

Software testing is well-recognized as a crucial part of the modern software development process. However, manual testing is labor intensive and often fails to produce impressive coverage results. Random testing is easily applied but gets poor coverage on complex code. Recent work has attacked these problems using symbolic execution to automatically generate high-coverage test inputs [3, 6, 4, 8, 5, 2]. At a high-level these tools use variations on the following idea. Instead of running code on manually or randomly constructed input, they run it on symbolic input initially allowed to be “anything.” They substitute program variables with symbolic values and replaces concrete program operations with ones that manipulate symbolic values. When program execution branches based on a symbolic value the system (conceptually) follows both branches at once, maintaining a set of constraints called the path condition which must hold on execution of that path. When a path terminates or hits a bug, a test case can be generated by solving the current path condition to find concrete values. Assuming deterministic code, feeding this concrete input to an uninstrumented version of the checked code will cause it to follow the same path and hit the same bug. However, these tools (and all dynamic tools) assume you can run the code you want to check in the first place. In the easiest case, testing just runs an entire application. This requires no special work: just compile the program and execute it. However, the exponential number of code paths in a
Standard linkage and association methods identify the mechanism of four susceptibility genes for a simulated complex disease

The simulated dataset of the Genetic Analysis Workshop 14 provided affection status and the presence or absence of 12 traits. It was determined that all affected individuals must have traits E, F and H (EFH phenotype) and they must also have either trait B (B subtype) or traits C, D, and G (CDG subtype). A genome screen was performed, and linkage peaks were identified on chromosomes 1, 3, 5, and 9 using microsatellite markers. Dense panels of single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers were ordered for each of the four linkage peaks. In each case, association analyses identified a single SNP that accounted for the linkage evidence. The SNP on chromosome 1 appeared to primarily influence the B subtype, while the SNPs on chromosomes 5 and 9 primarily influenced the CDG subtype. The chromosome 3 SNP had the strongest effect and influenced both subtypes, as well as the requisite EFH phenotype. Recognizing the two subtypes prior to linkage analysis was key to identifying these loci using only a single replicate. This highlights the need in real life situations for careful examination of the phenotypic data prior to genetic analysis.
Molecular dynamics simulation of polymer nanoparticle collisions: orbital angular momentum effects

Abstract The collisional dynamics of polymer nanoparticles is investigated using molecular dynamics, with a particular focus on angular momentum effects. Unlike zero impact parameter collisions discussed elsewhere, which are greatly weighted toward sticking collisions, the outcome of collisions with non-zero angular momentum show much greater variability, showing both reactive (where polymer chains are exchanged between particles) and purely scattering trajectories. In the case of inelastic scattering trajectories, the profile for translation to vibration energy transfer is calculated.
Effects of Glucose and Fructose Loading on Glycogenesis in Chicks Infected with Avian Tuberculosis

Abstract The chick was used as a rapid metabolic model to determine the fate of ingested fructose vs. glucose in noninfected chicks and in those subjected to the stress of avian tuberculosis. The chicks were crop-loaded with either a 72% fructose or glucose solution 21 and 28 days post TB inoculation and killed 2 and 4 hr after loading. In noninfected chicks, both sugars were rapidly converted to glycogen, and there was an interaction with time and the amount of glycogen formed from each sugar. Infection depressed glycogen formation from both fructose and glucose. While the total amount of glycogen formed from glucose could be directly correlated to increased liver size in the TB chicks loaded with glucose, in the chicks loaded with fructose less glycogen was formed even though liver size was increased as a result of the TB infection. The depression in glycogen formation was not related to the severity of the infection since the TB involvement was not the same in the two experiments conducted; but in both cases chicks loaded with fructose showed a greater reduction in the capacity of the liver to synthesize glycogen.
Altered Antibody Isotype in Cystic Fibrosis. Possible Role in Opsonic Deficiency

ABSTRACT. Patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) whose respiratory tracts are colonized with Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) may develop a specific opsonic deficiency for alveolar macrophage phagocytosis of PA. We examined the possible role of altered antibody (Ab) isotype in this phenomenom by measuring serum levels and distribution of IgG and IgG subclass Ab (IgGl, IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4) to the major opsonic immunodeterminant, serotype-specific lipopolysaccharide (LPS), by means of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays employing monoclonal secondary antibodies, and comparing these results to the serum opsonic capacity in an in vitro murine alveolar macrophage phagocytic assay. Twenty-one patients with CF who were colonized with PA had approximately a 30-fold elevation of PA LPS IgG Ab levels and higher IgG subclass 1-4 Ab compared to 10 uncolonized patients with CF and 11 healthy controls (p 500 ng/ml) concentrations. Serum opsonic capacity appeared to include a noncomplement cofactor for optimal activity. Levels of PA LPS IgG4 but not IgGl-3 subclass Ab correlated inversely with opsonic capacity. We conclude that high levels of PA LPS IgG4 Ab may be inhibitory to normal pulmonary clearance of PA in colonized patients with CF, and that high levels of functional antibodies may also contribute to this specific acquired deficiency. The role of deficient IgG2 Ab responses to PA LPS and possibly other polysaccharide antigens in CF requires further study.
On nonlinear functional perturbation problems for ordinary differential equations

Abstract The linear homogeneous system of differential equations is a good basic model for perturbation problems because many useful properties of the solutions of linear equations are readily established. In this article, conditions are imposed upon a linear system of differential equations which imply that the linear system is either conditionally uniformly stable, conditionally asymptotically stable, or conditionally uniformly asymptotically stable. Then, a class of perturbation, terms is found which asymptotically preserves the solutions of the linear system that satisfy a prescribed growth condition. The class of perturbation terms is sufficiently general to include functions which possess retarded, advanced, or a combination of retarded and advanced arguments.
Selecting the normal population with the best regression value - a Bayesian approach

Abstract For the intra-class regression (multiple slopes) model, much attention has been given to the estimation and hypothesis testing problems concerning the parameters. However, few papers in the literature address the practical question of selecting the population with the largest regression value. The existing classical ranking and selection procedure employs a rule which always selects the population associated with the largest sample regression value computed by the least-squares method. Whereas the rule is reasonable if all variances of the sample estimates are equal, it may not be desirable when some of the variances are different because the rule ignores the unequal variances associated with the estimates. We propose a Bayesian approach to the selection problem by calculating, for a given value of the covariate, the posterior probabilities of each population mean being the largest. In the two examples considered in the paper, it is observed that there are occasions when the two largest sample regression values are close together and the larger one is associated with a larger variance, the population with the smaller sample regression value can be selected as the best population by our Bayesian procedure. Although calculation of the posterior probabilities may involve high dimensional numerical integration, the required computation can be handled efficiently by some Monte Carlo integration methods as described in the paper.
Identification of lateral flutter derivatives of bridge decks

Abstract Wind tunnel modeling remains of central importance in the understanding of the response of long-span bridges to wind loading. Current theories for prediction of the response of long-span bridges to wind depend strongly on the use of classical pseudo-static force coefficients and their derivatives with respect to wind-structure relative inclination, and the so-called flutter derivatives. Many of these flutter derivatives have not been determined experimentally so far. A 3-DOF suspension system has recently been developed. The flutter derivatives associated with sway are determined for a streamlined (Tsurumi) and a bluff (Deer Isle) deck sections. Experimental results are compared to a pseudostatic approximation and their significance in the estimation of flutter speed is discussed.
To be or not to be a VSD

Abstract This study confirmed the fact that a large majority of isolated VSDs (74%) detected in utero will spontaneously close. Spontaneous closure rates were higher in utero than those detected in infants or children. Isolated VSDs detected in utero did not contribute to fetal morbidity and mortality. There is no correlation between the size of the defect and the probability of closure of the defect. Because of the high spontaneous closure rate of VSDs in utero and the lack of increased morbidity, parental anxiety can be allayed or minimized. For these reasons, close follow-up in utero is not necessary, and reevaluation can be done at birth.
Effect of the direction of storm movement on planar flow

Using kinematic wave equations, analytical solutions are derived for flow owing to storms moving up and down a plane. By comparing the flow owing to a moving storm with that to an equivalent stationary storm, the influence of storm direction is investigated. The direction of storm movement exercises a significant influence on the peak flow and time to peak flow, as well as the shape of the overland flow hydrograph. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On reliability of graphs with node failures

We consider the reliability of graphs for which nodes fail independently of each other with a constant probability 1 - p. The reliability of a graph is defined to be the probability that the induced subgraph of surviving nodes is connected. A graph is said to be uniformly best when, for all choices of p, it is most reliable in the class of graphs with the same number of nodes and same number of edges. In this paper, we first extend the existing known set of uniformly best graphs. Next, we show that most classes of sparse graphs do not contain a uniformly best graph. Finally, we introduce the important notions of locally best and asymptotically best graphs and illustrate these concepts with a detailed study of graphs having the same number of nodes and edges. 0 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Tissue culture‐based Selection of high rosmarinic acid producing clones of Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) Using Pseudomonas Strain F.

Abstract Natural phenolic antioxidants from genetically heterogeneous plants are becoming important for prevention of lipid oxidation in food. To produce uniform and enhanced levels of antioxidants we have developed elite clonal lines of rosemary using plant tissue culture techniques. A cytokinin (benzyladenine)‐induced adventitious shoot multiplication was developed for rosemary. Optimum shoot multiplication occurred in Murashige and Skoog medium containing 1 mg/1 benzyladenine and 2 mM proline. About 3–10 adventitious shoots were induced from each expiant originating from a single heterozygous seed in 45–60 days and was designated as a single clonal line. Individual shoots of each clonal line were then transferred to hormone free medium to regenerate whole plants. Using this approach several clonal lines with each originating from a single heterozygous seed were isolated from a heterogeneous seed lot. It is well established that microbial elicitors can stimulate plant secondary metabolites. Based on thi...
‘Principles that transcend drugs or money or anything like that’: the monstrosity of morality in No Country for Old Men

This paper analyzes the film No Country for Old Men (Joel Coen and Ethan Coen, 2007) through the lens of Freudian and Lacanian psychoanalysis. Rather than deploy psychoanalytic theory to explore the vicissitudes of spectatorship of the film (say: identification), this paper appropriates the concepts of Freud and Lacan (specifically: the Freudian myth of the primal horde murder of the father and the Lacanian theory of the phallus) to illuminate the aporetic structure of the film. I begin with the distinction between nature and culture – or landscape and law – depicted in the opening sequence of the film. I first argue that Llewelyn's original crime – to steal the suitcase full of cash at the site of the heroin deal gone awry – figures him as the outlaw brother of the primal horde who refuses the pact among the brothers that promises to repress the ferocity of their desires in order to make peace for the survivors of the murder of the primal father. This original crime destabilizes the function of the phall...