cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Changes in the Aqueous Behavior of Parathion Under Varying Conditions of pH

Factors affecting the stability of parathion in the aquatic environment were studied, with emphasis on pH. In 24-hr toxicity tests, using the midgeChironomus riparius, parathion was significantly more toxic at pH 6 than at pHs 4 and 8. While the data from toxicity tests suggested that pH may be important in determining the environmental fate of parathion, pH was found to be insignificant in controlling levels of parathion in water and organisms of aquatic microcosms adjusted to pHs 4, 6, and 8. After 7 days, parathion accounted for 29.7, 28.7, and 36.6% of total radioactivity in the water of microcosms held at pHs 4, 6, and 8, respectively. In abiotic water, however, no parathion breakdown was observed in 40 days at any of the three pH levels. These data demonstrate the importance of biotic factors, particularly microorganisms, in degrading parathion. Microorganisms which metabolize parathion in the microcosms were not adversely affected by changes in pH.
The head-scatter factor for small field sizes

The head-scatter factors H were examined for four different linear accelerators and were found to be similar at field sizes larger than 3 x 3 cm2. Sharply reduced values for small collimator openings were observed for all the accelerators. It is concluded that the head-scatter (or collimator-scatter) factor has two major components. Scatter of photons in various structures in the beam path, especially the flattening filter, causes a slow (about 10%) increase with increased collimator opening. Insertion of a built-in wedge may double this number. When the collimators are closed, they ultimately block photons from the periphery of the source. This may cause a considerable reduction of the primary photon fluence and typically affects fields smaller than 3 x 3 cm2. The effect can be used to estimate the source size, with results that correlate with the design of the bending magnet.
Transcriptional Coactivators Are Not Required for Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Immediate-Early Gene Expression In Vitro

Virion protein 16 (VP16) of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a potent transcriptional activator of viral immediate-early (IE) genes. The VP16 activation domain can recruit various transcriptional coactivators to target gene promoters. However, the role of transcriptional coactivators in HSV-1 IE gene expression during lytic infection had not been fully defined. We showed previously that transcriptional coactivators such as the p300 and CBP histone acetyltransferases and the BRM and Brg-1 chromatin remodeling complexes are recruited to viral IE gene promoters in a manner dependent mostly on the presence of the activation domain of VP16. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that these transcriptional coactivators are required for viral IE gene expression during infection of cultured cells. The disrupted expression of the histone acetyltransferases p300, CBP, PCAF, and GCN5 or the BRM and Brg-1 chromatin remodeling complexes did not diminish IE gene expression. Furthermore, IE gene expression was not impaired in cell lines that lack functional p300, or BRM and Brg-1. We also tested whether these coactivators are required for the VP16-dependent induction of IE gene expression from transcriptionally inactive viral genomes associated with high levels of histones in cultured cells. We found that the disruption of coactivators also did not affect IE gene expression in this context. Thus, we conclude that the transcriptional coactivators that can be recruited by VP16 do not contribute significantly to IE gene expression during lytic infection or the induction of IE gene expression from nucleosomal templates in vitro.
The Impact of the Argus Experiment on Hydromagnetic-Wave Research

The Argus series of high-altitude nuclear explosions has provided us with the means of studying hydromagnetic-wave effects under known and controllable conditions. These explosions have enabled us to compare, for the first time, quantitative experimental data with theoretical considerations. Analysis of the world-wide hydromagnetic-wave effects led to the discovery of an interesting duct-like mechanism for the propagation of hydromagnetic waves at altitudes between 2000 and 3000 km. This mechanism is essential for the efficient propagation of hydromagnetic waves over global distances.
Altered mental status from acyclovir.

Abstract Background: Acyclovir is widely used in the treatment of herpes virus infections, particularly herpes simplex virus and varicella-zoster virus. Acyclovir, when given promptly upon the start of a herpes zoster eruption, speeds healing and diminishes acute pain. Objectives: Because acyclovir is a commonly used medication, it is crucial for health providers to be aware of appropriate dosing as well as possible side effects. We present this case to increase awareness of the potential for inappropriate dosing of acyclovir and the presentations of patients with toxic effects. Case Report: We report the case of a 65-year-old man with a past medical history significant for chronic kidney disease who presented to the Emergency Department with progressive confusion and ataxia over 2 days. Thorough questioning in the patient's native language revealed that he had recently started a medication for a “rash.” Neither he nor his family knew the name of the new medication; further investigation revealed it to be acyclovir. Although other diagnoses were considered in the differential diagnosis for this patient with altered mental status, he was treated for presumed acyclovir toxicity and given prompt dialysis, upon which his symptoms resolved. Conclusion: It is important for physicians to remember that even common medications such as acyclovir can have serious side effects and complications. In this case, renal dosing was not used in a patient on hemodialysis. Acyclovir must be renally dosed and carefully monitored through drug level measurement in patients with limited kidney function to prevent serious side effects, such as the neurological sequelae demonstrated in this case report. Emergency physicians should be aware of the potential for inappropriate dosing of this medication and the presentations of patients with toxic effects.
Real-Time Cavity QED with Single Atoms

The combination of cold atoms and large coherent coupling enables investigations in a new regime in cavity QED with single-atom trajectories monitored in real time with high signal-to-noise ratio. The underlying ``vacuum-Rabi'' splitting is clearly reflected in the frequency dependence of atomic transit signals recorded atom by atom, with evidence for mechanical light forces for intracavity photon number $l1$. The nonlinear optical response of one atom in a cavity is observed to be in accord with the one-atom quantum theory but at variance with semiclassical predictions.
A global model of thermospheric dynamics—II. Wind, density, and temperature fields generated by EUV heating

Abstract This paper discusses the extension of the numerical model of the Earth's upper atmosphere described by Creekmore et al. (1975) to treat global wind, density and temperature fields generated by absorption of solar extreme ultraviolet (EUV) radiation. The equations of mass, momentum and energy conservation are solved in a spherical shell between the altitudes of 120 and 500 km. Comparisons of the calculated wind, density and temperature fields with those resulting from previous theoretical and observational studies are made. The phases of the density and temperature fields agree quite well with those given by empirical models. However, further comparisons indicate the necessity of a heat source at high latitudes, even during geomagnetically quiet times.
On the nature of solubilized water clusters in aerosol OT/alkane solutions. A study of the formation of hydrated electrons and 1,8-anilinonaphthalene sulphonate fluorescence

Abstract The pulse radiolysis of dioctyl sulphosuccinate (aerosol-OT) H 2 O/heptane solutions leads to formation of hydrated electrons in the aqueous core of the inverted aerosol-OT micelles. The hydrated electrons are produced via direct interaction of the radiation with the aqueous regions and scavenging of electrons formed initially in the hydrocarbon phase by the water bubbles. The scavenging efficiency decreases with decreasing radius of the water cluster. Hydrated electrons are not formed below a critical size of the solubilized water particles. The quantum yield and wavelength of the maximum of the aniline-naphthalene sulphonate (ANS) fluorescence are strongly dependent on the water content of aerosol-OT inverted micelles. The fluorescence behavior indicates an increase of polarity with increasing cluster radius. The polarity of very large water clusters ( r ≈ 73 A) is still lower than that of bulk water. Water which is bound to Na + counterions cannot effectively participate in the solvation of the dipolar ANS excited states.
The diminishing presence of plastic surgeons in hand surgery: a critical analysis.

Background:A growing trend of diminished presence of plastic surgery within the field of hand surgery has been observed in the membership of the American Society for Surgery of the Hand, applications for Certificate of Added Qualifications in Surgery of the Hand, and applications for hand surgery fe
3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl-Coenzyme A Reductase Kinase and Sucrose–Phosphate Synthase Kinase Activities in Cauliflower Florets: Ca2+Dependence and Substrate Specificities

Abstract Plant 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase(HMGR; EC 1.1.1.34) and sucrose–phosphate synthase (SPS; EC 2.4.1.14) and synthetic peptides designed from the known phosphorylation sites of plant HMGR (SAMS*: KSHMKYNR S TKDVK), rat acetyl-CoA carboxylase (SAMS: HMRSAM S GLHLVKRR), spinach SPS (SP2: GRRJRRIS S VEJJDKK), and spinach NADH:nitrate reductase (NR6: GPTLKRTA S TPFJNTTSK) were used to characterize kinase activities from cauliflower ( Brassica oleracea L.) inflorescences. The three major peaks of protein kinase activity resolved by anion-exchange FPLC are homologs of those observed previously in spinach leaves and thus are designated PK I , PK IV , and PK III , listed in order of elution. PK IV was the most active in terms of phosphorylation and inactivation of recombinant Nicotiana HMGR and was also strictly Ca 2+ dependent. The novel aspects are that PK III has not been detected in previous cauliflower studies, that SAMS* is a more specific peptide substrate to identify potential HMGR kinases, and that the major HMGR kinase in cauliflower is Ca 2+ dependent. Of the three major kinases that phosphorylated the SP2 peptide only PK I (partially Ca 2+ sensitive) and PK III (Ca 2+ insensitive) inactivated native spinach leaf SPS. Cauliflower extracts contained endogenous SPS that was inactivated by endogenous kinase(s) in an ATP-dependent manner and this may be one of the substrate target proteins for PK I and/or PK III . The substrate specificity of the three kinase peaks was studied using synthetic peptide variants of the SP2 sequence. All three kinases had a strong preference for peptides with a basic residue at P-6 (as in SP2 and SAMS*; SAMS has a free amino terminus at this position) or a Pro at P-7 (as in NR6). This requirement for certain residues at P-6 or P-7 was not recognized in earlier studies but appears to be a general requirement. In plant HMGR, a conserved His residue at P-6 is involved directly in catalysis and this may explain why substrates reduced HMGR phosphorylation in vitro.
Micro-patterning of streptavidin–biotin-ampicillin/heparin on poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) surfaces: simultaneous antimicrobial and anticoagulant activity

Formation of heterogeneous and controllable surface patterns on polymeric materials containing antimicrobial and anticoagulant components represent an attractive way of maintaining synthetic materials “clean” from adverse bio-activities. The primary surface “contaminants” are microbial films as well as blood coagulation, both affecting not only performance of internal or external devices, but often exhibiting detrimental effects on patients. In an effort to simultaneously inhibit formation of microbial films and surface blood coagulation multifunctional assemblies containing streptavidin (STR)–biotin bioconjugates were developed on poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) surfaces. Using STR conjugated to a biotin-functionalized PTFE surface, spatially controlled micro-patterning was produced by grafting biotinylated polyethylene glycol (B-PEG) to COOH modified PTFE (MA-PTFE), followed by inkjet micro-printing of biotinylated ampicillin (B-AM) and biotinylated heparin (B-HP) molecules. These surfaces exhibit simultaneous antimicrobial and anticoagulant attributes manifested by “zone of inhibition” and anticoagulant measurements. Quantitative spectroscopic analysis revealed that the required surface density of COOH groups on PTFE is 2.94 × 10−7 g cm−2, and B-PEG and STR densities of 9.2 × 10−8 g cm−2 and 3.5 × 10−8 g cm−2, respectively, are sufficient to achieve simultaneous antimicrobial and anticoagulant responses. These studies also showed that the force required to remove STR–biotin conjugates attached to PTFE surfaces measured by atomic force microscopy is approximately 1090 pN, thus providing desirable surface mechanical stability.
Xanthene Food Dye, as a Modulator of Alzheimer's Disease Amyloid-beta Peptide Aggregation and the Associated Impaired Neuronal Cell Function

Background Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia. AD is a degenerative brain disorder that causes problems with memory, thinking and behavior. It has been suggested that aggregation of amyloid-beta peptide (Aβ) is closely linked to the development of AD pathology. In the search for safe, effective modulators, we evaluated the modulating capabilities of erythrosine B (ER), a Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved red food dye, on Aβ aggregation and Aβ-associated impaired neuronal cell function. Methodology/Principal Findings In order to evaluate the modulating ability of ER on Aβ aggregation, we employed transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thioflavin T (ThT) fluorescence assay, and immunoassays using Aβ-specific antibodies. TEM images and ThT fluorescence of Aβ samples indicate that protofibrils are predominantly generated and persist for at least 3 days. The average length of the ER-induced protofibrils is inversely proportional to the concentration of ER above the stoichiometric concentration of Aβ monomers. Immunoassay results using Aβ-specific antibodies suggest that ER binds to the N-terminus of Aβ and inhibits amyloid fibril formation. In order to evaluate Aβ-associated toxicity we determined the reducing activity of SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells treated with Aβ aggregates formed in the absence or in the presence of ER. As the concentration of ER increased above the stoichiometric concentration of Aβ, cellular reducing activity increased and Aβ-associated reducing activity loss was negligible at 500 µM ER. Conclusions/Significance Our findings show that ER is a novel modulator of Aβ aggregation and reduces Aβ-associated impaired cell function. Our findings also suggest that xanthene dye can be a new type of small molecule modulator of Aβ aggregation. With demonstrated safety profiles and blood-brain permeability, ER represents a particularly attractive aggregation modulator for amyloidogenic proteins associated with neurodegenerative diseases.
Inter-annual variability of NDVI in response to long-term warming and fertilization in wet sedge and tussock tundra

This study explores the relationship between the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and aboveground plant biomass for tussock tundra vegetation and compares it to a previously established NDVI-biomass relationship for wet sedge tundra vegetation. In addition, we explore inter-annual variation in NDVI in both these contrasting vegetation communities. All measurements were taken across long-term experimental treatments in wet sedge and tussock tundra communities at the Toolik Lake Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) site, in northern Alaska. Over 15 years (for wet sedge tundra) and 14 years (for tussock tundra), N and P were applied in factorial experiments (N, P and N+P), air temperature was increased using greenhouses with and without N+P fertilizer, and light intensity was reduced by 50% using shade cloth. during the peak growing seasons of 2001, 2002, and 2003, NDVI measurements were made in both the wet sedge and tussock tundra experimental treatment plots, creating a 3-year time series of inter-annual variation in NDVI. We found that: (1) across all tussock experimental tundra treatments, NDVI is correlated with aboveground plant biomass (r2 = 0.59); (2) NDVI-biomass relationships for tussock and wet sedge tundra communities are community specific, and; (3) NDVI values for tussock tundra communities are typically, but not always, greater than for wet sedge tundra communities across all experimental treatments. We suggest that differences between the response of wet sedge and tussock tundra communities in the same experimental treatments result from the contrasting degree of heterogeneity in species and functional types that characterize each of these Arctic tundra vegetation communities.
Gene Expression Profiling of the Local Cecal Response of Genetic Chicken Lines That Differ in Their Susceptibility to Campylobacter jejuni Colonization

Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) is one of the most common causes of human bacterial enteritis worldwide primarily due to contaminated poultry products. Previously, we found a significant difference in C. jejuni colonization in the ceca between two genetically distinct broiler lines (Line A (resistant) has less colony than line B (susceptible) on day 7 post inoculation). We hypothesize that different mechanisms between these two genetic lines may affect their ability to resist C. jejuni colonization in chickens. The molecular mechanisms of the local host response to C. jejuni colonization in chickens have not been well understood. In the present study, to profile the cecal gene expression in the response to C. jejuni colonization and to compare differences between two lines at the molecular level, RNA of ceca from two genetic lines of chickens (A and B) were applied to a chicken whole genome microarray for a pair-comparison between inoculated (I) and non-inoculated (N) chickens within each line and between lines. Our results demonstrated that metabolism process and insulin receptor signaling pathways are key contributors to the different response to C. jejuni colonization between lines A and B. With C. jejuni inoculation, lymphocyte activation and lymphoid organ development functions are important for line A host defenses, while cell differentiation, communication and signaling pathways are important for line B. Interestingly, circadian rhythm appears play a critical role in host response of the more resistant A line to C. jejuni colonization. A dramatic differential host response was observed between these two lines of chickens. The more susceptible line B chickens responded to C. jejuni inoculation with a dramatic up-regulation in lipid, glucose, and amino acid metabolism, which is undoubtedly for use in the response to the colonization with little or no change in immune host defenses. However, in more resistant line A birds the host defense responses were characterized by an up-regulation lymphocyte activation, probably by regulatory T cells and an increased expression of the NLR recognition receptor NALP1. To our knowledge, this is the first time each of these responses has been observed in the avian response to an intestinal bacterial pathogen.
Role of microtubules in the cytoplasmic compartmentation of neurons

We have examined the role of microtubules (MTs) in the development and maintenance of the cytoplasmic compartmentation of ribosomes in cultured embryonic chick sensory neurons. Control neurons show a sharp cytoplasmic demarcation between the ribosome-rich/MT-deficient 'translational' cytoplasm of the perikaryon and the ribosome-deficient/MT-rich 'expressional' cytoplasm of the axon-like neurites. Neurites treated with 1.0 microgram/ml nocodazole for 15-20 min show in addition to the depolymerization of MTs a clear loss of the cytoplasmic demarcation between the soma and neurite. We found a decreasing density of ribosomes with increasing distance from the soma in the nocodazole treated neurites. Ribosomes, as confirmed by their diameter and sensitivity to ribonuclease treatment, populated the first 100 microns of neurites at roughly the same density as found in the soma (150-300 ribosomes per microns2 in 50 mm longitudinal thin sections). The second 100 microns contained a lower density of ribosomes than the first, 20-60 per microns2, but still higher than controls. Distances past 200 microns were devoid of unambiguous ribosomes. Neurites amputated between 50 and 150 microns from the soma then treated with nocodazole contained a dense population of ribosomes in the proximal segment still attached to the soma, but few or none in the distal segment. We interpret these findings as evidence that ribosomes are able to move from the soma down the neurite after MT disassembly.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A KNOWLEDGE-BASED LUNG NODULE DETECTION SYSTEM FOR HELICAL CT IMAGES

In this paper, we describe a knowledge-based system for segmenting and labeling lung nodule on helical CT images. The system was developed under a blackboard environment that incorporates a lung knowledge model, image processing model, inference engine and a blackboard. Lung model, which contains both analogical and propositional knowledge about lung in the form of semantic networks, was used to guide the interpretation process. The system works in a hierarchical structure, from large structures to the final nodule candidates by focusing on the interested region step by step. The symbolic variables, introduced to accomplish high-level inference, were defined by fuzzy confidence functions in the lung model. Composite fuzzy functions were applied to evaluate the plausibility of the mapping between the image and lung model objects. Anatomical lung segments knowledge was embedded in the system to direct 3D validation of suspicious objects. Structures were identified and abnormal objects were reported. The exp...
Analysis of ∅29 and ∅15 genomes by bacterial restriction endonucleases, EcoR1 and HpaI

Abstract The DNA's of the two small Bacillus subtilis phages, ∅29 and ∅15, were analyzed by use of two restriction endonucleases, EcoR1 and HpaI. Five and six EcoR1 generated fragments were obtained from ∅29 and ∅15 genomes, respectively. Eight HpaI generated fragments were obtained from each phage genome, although the sizes of the fragments were considerably different. The molecular weights of each fragment were estimated from the distribution of 32P-radioactivity in the bands and from the relative electrophoretic mobilities. The five fragments of ∅29 DNA by EcoR1 were isolated in pure form and their sedimentation rates were determined by sucrose gradient centrifugation. The four EcoR1 restriction sites in ∅29 DNA have been mapped by analysis of incomplete digestion products. The ends of the DNA molecules were identified by analysis of EcoR1 digestion fragments of nonprotease-treated ∅29 DNA using agarose gel electrophoresis. From similar experiments, the order of the six fragments of ∅15 DNA produced by EcoR1 digestion is also proposed.
Implementation and performance measurement and analysis of OLSR protocol

This paper provides a measurement-based performance evaluation of the Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR) protocol. Two versions of OLSR, OLSR-ETX and OLSR-ETT, are implemented and evaluated on a mesh network that we built from off-the-shelf commercial components. OLSR-ETX uses the Expected Transmission Count (ETX) metric whereas, OLSR-ETT uses the Expected Transmission Time (ETT) metric as a means of assessing link quality. The paper describes our implementation process of the ETT metric using the plug-in feature of OLSRd, and our calculation method of link bandwidth using the packet-pair technique. A series of measurements are conducted in our testbed to analyze and compare the performance of ETX and ETT metrics. Our measurements show that OLSR-ETT outperforms OLSR-ETX significantly in terms of packet loss, end-to-end delay, and stability, yielding a much more robust, reliable, and efficient routing.
Abstract 2061: Vitamin D-regulates microRNAs in primary cultures of normal prostatic epithelial cells

Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC Recent discoveries in cancer find that endogenous non-coding RNAs, microRNAs (miRNA), bind to the 3’ untranslated region of target mRNAs and function to translationally repress or decrease mRNA stability. Additionally, a number of studies show that aberrant miRNA expression is linked to various cancers, such as prostate cancer. Cancer-related changes in miRNA levels may result in either repression of tumor suppressor genes and/or activation of oncogenes. MiRNAs pose a potential role as targets in the treatment of cancers. In prostate cancer research, studies suggest a role of vitamin D as a chemopreventive agent. Vitamin D inhibits the growth and differentiation of malignant prostate cells and tumors. Studies show that a reduction in serum levels of vitamin D metabolites is linked to PC occurrence. Research from our laboratory shows that vitamin D treatment alters mRNA stability. This suggests a potential role for miRNAs in the vitamin D prevention of prostate cancer. We hypothesize that vitamin D's prevention of prostate cancer involves up-regulating tumor suppressive miRNAs and down-regulating oncogenic miRNAs. Using normal human prostatic epithelial cells as a model, we investigated the miRNA expression profile changes in cells that were treated with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D for time points ranging from 30 min to 24 hours. Our results demonstrated that approximately 50% of the miRNAs are expressed in the normal epithelial cells. A smaller percentage of miRNAs, approximately 10%, were changed by vitamin D treatment. We found that vitamin D down-regulated a small number of miRNAs (<0.5 fold) commonly up-regulated in cancer (miR-181d, miR-378) and up-regulated miRNAs that are down-regulated in cancer (miR-29a, miR-16). Of the miRNAs altered by vitamin D, we observed an interesting down-regulation of the let-7 family of tumor suppressor miRNAs. Six of the seven let-7 family members present on the array (let-7 a-g) were down-regulated across the time points with four of the let-7 miRNAs downregulated as early as 30 minutes. This is a somewhat discrepant finding since let-7 is known as a tumor suppressor miRNA that is decreased in many cancers and we know that vitamin D is a cancer preventive agent. Further studies will determine the role of vitamin D on let-7 in the prostatic epithelial cells and the implications in cancer. Ongoing research will also determine the mechanism of vitamin D regulation of miRNAs to help further understand the chemopreventive role of vitamin D in prostate cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2061.
Reaktionen mit intermolekularem Energieaustausch

Die Rekombination von Atomen und deren Umkehrung, die Dissoziation zweiatomiger Molekule, erfordert die Anwesenheit eines inerten „dritten Korpers”, um Energie zu entfernen bzw. zu liefern. Man kann zwei Klassen von Reaktionsmechanismen unterscheiden: 1. einen „Zusammenstos”-(„Kollisions”-) Mechanismus, in dem die zur Verfugung stehende Energie fur eine vollige Trennung der beiden Atome und des dritten Korpers voneinander ausreicht, und 2. einen „Komplexmechanismus”, bei dem etwas weniger Energie zur Verfugung steht, so das bei der Trennung der beiden Atome der dritte Korper in loser Bindung an eines der beiden verbleiben mus. Es werden Ausdrucke fur die Geschwindigkeit dieser Mechanismen abgeleitet. Sie werden verglichen und die Bedingungen, unter denen der eine oder andere vorherrschen wird, betrachtet. Ferner werden die Gultigkeitsgrenzen der Gleichungen festgestellt. Die Theorie des Verfassers wird mit anderen vorgeschlagenen Theorien verglichen und auf die Rekombinationen von Brom-, Jod- und Wasserstoffatomen in Gegenwart verschiedener dritter Korper angewendet. Die beobachteten negativen Temperaturkoeffizienten dieser Reaktionen konnen als Folge erhohter Dissoziation des Komplexes mit zunehmender Temperatur auftreten, doch kann auch der Kollisionsmechanismus aus verschiedenen Grunden einen negativen Temperaturkoeffizienten ergeben. Nach einem kurzlich gemachten Vorschlag sollte der Temperaturkoeffizient in Beziehung zu der Zahl von Gesamtkomplexen (Atompaar + dritter Korper) stehen, die ohne Rucksicht auf die Energieverteilung unter den verschiedenen Freiheitsgraden des Gesamtkomplexes mindestens so viel Energie besitzen, als fur den Zerfall des zweiatomigen Molekuls notig ist. Dieser Vorschlag wird zuruckgewiesen. Der Zerfall von F2O tritt nach einem aktivierenden Zusammenstos auf, bevor noch der nachste Zusammenstos stattfindet, so das er sehr der Dissoziation eines zweiatomigen Molekuls ahnelt. Der Einflus der inneren Freiheitsgrade auf die Zahl der aktivierenden Zusammenstose wurde schon vonKoblitz undSchumacher betrachtet. In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden die Auswirkungen der Quantisierung, der Anharmonizitat der Schwingungen und der Rotation beiucksichtigt und die „mittlere Lebensdauer” berechnet. Der Zerfall von F2O2 wurde ebenfalls kurz betrachtet und auch uber den Zerfall des Ozons wird eine kurze Bemerkung gemacht.
The contributions of larval growth and pupal duration to protandry in the black swallowtail butterfly, Papilio polyxenes.

Shorter male larval and pupal durations were sufficient to produce the protandrous emergence pattern of the black swallowtail butterfly. In 9 broods observed under natural conditions, the first male was seen 7.1±6.5 days before the first female, although the peak of captures relative to the first capture was similar in both sexes. The field data supported only weakly the predictions of the Wiklund-Fagerstrom model for protandry. Some prereproductive period was necessary for males, and they were limited in how frequently they could mate. A third of the females mated more than once.
All-optical neural-net-like image processing with photosensitive nonlinear nematic film.

We demonstrate that some neural-net image-processing operations can be realized in an all-optical manner by use of the natural diffraction property of light in conjunction with the photosensitivity and optical nonlinearities of a transparent thin film. An example of image edge enhancement is illustrated with photosensitive supranonlinear nematic liquid-crystal films.
Clinical correlations of serum proinsulin-like material in islet cell tumours.

To examine the possibility that the concentration of circulating proinsulin-like material (PLM) might be helpful in evaluating the therapeutic response of patients with islet cell tumours, serum levels of PLM in three patients with islet cell tumours were correlated with hypoglycaemic symptoms and plasma glucose concentrations before and after treatment. In two patients ranges of fasting PLM concentration were 0.21–0.29 and 0.91–0.93 ng/ml, respectively, before treatment. After surgical excision of their islet cell adenomas, PLM concentrations decreased to 0.06–0.09 and 0.03–0.05 ng/ml. Insulin concentrations were low preoperatively in both patients and were unchanged postoperatively. The resulting relief from hypoglycaemia was paralleled by a reduction of PLM, with no significant change in insulin. In a third patient, treatment with streptozotocin resulted in marked symptomatic improvement, a 65% reduction in PLM concentration, but no significant change in insulin levels. Relapse was associated with increasing frequency of hypoglycaemic symptoms and increasing PLM concentrations. These findings suggest that changes in the levels of serum PLM may prove to be a sensitive indicator of the response of islet cell tumours to therapy.
Effects Of The H 2 O Molecular Interactions On The Absorption Line Shape

Potential explanations of the anomalous continuous absorption coefficient in water vapors (ACA) are examined theoretically. We show how the single line shape is determined by the time dependence of the dipole-dipole autocorrelation function(DDA) whose short time behavior dominates the frequency dependence in the far wing region. Based on general theoretical argument, it is shown that the DDA must be a Gaussian function for short times and an expotential function for long times. Empirical formula are obtained to fit the experimental data of CO2, whose absorbtion coefficient diminishes much faster than the Lorentz line shape. Since it is difficult to understand how CO2 or H2O can be different in the far wing region, we have to conclude that the ACA cannot be explained by modified local Lorentzian lines of H2O in the far wing region. We point out that both H2O and HCl which have permanent dipole moments have ACA. The possibility of the dipole-dipole interaction that may be important for ACA is examined.© (1981) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Structure-Function Relationships for Full-Length Recombinant Parathyroid Hormone-Related Peptide and Its Amino-Terminal Fragments: Effects on Cytosolic Calcium Ion Mobilization and Adenylate Cyclase Activation in Rat Osteoblast-Like Cells

PTH-related peptide (PTHrP) may be a major cause of the humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy. The circulating form of PTHrP is unknown, but mRNA analysis of tumor tissue suggests that multiple forms of PTHrP may exist. Therefore, we examined the ability of the full 141-amino acid protein as well as 2 amino-terminal fragments, PTHrP-(l-34) and PTHrP-(l-74), to increase cytosolic calcium ion concentrations ([Ca2+]i; assessed by aequorin luminescence) and stimulate cAMP accumulation in osteoblast-like rat osteosarcoma cells (ROS 17/2.8). PTH and all PTH-related peptides examined increased [Ca2+]; and cAMP in a concentration-dependent manner. The [Ca2+]i response to PTHrP-(1-34) closely resembled that to rat PTH-Q-34); both peptides produced biphasic responses. However, the responses to the longer PTHrP fragments generally were not biphasic. There were no significant differences among the three PTHrP forms in increasing [Ca2+]i or stimulating cAMP accumulation, although PTHrP-(1-74) was consistently weaker tha...
BRAF and NRAS mutations in melanoma and melanocytic nevi.

In this report, we investigated BRAF/NRAS mutations in samples from a case–control study of melanoma and a series of benign melanocytic nevi. We evaluated potential associations between BRAF mutations and histopathologic and pigmentary characteristics of melanoma. Mutations in BRAF and NRAS were det
Redox tuning of metalloporphyrin reactivity

Abstract A detailed description of the most important factors that influence half wave potentials of synthetic iron porphyrins in non-aqueous media is given. Quantitative relationships are reported between El/2 and porphyrin ring basicity, counterion on the Fe(III), complex solvent composition, and axial ligand coordination. Specific axial ligands discussed include substituted pyridines, nitric oxide, and o bonded alkyl or ary'l groups. It is shown that El/2 for the Fe(III)/Fe(II) reaction of TPPFe complexes can be “tuned” between −1,10 v and +0.90 V vs. SCE, while that for oxidation of Fe(III) can be “tuned” between 0.44 V and 1.18 V vs, SCE for the same [TPPFe]+ complex. Larger changes are also possible by addition of electron donating or electron withdrawing substituents to the porphyrin ring. Finally, combinations of the factors discussed in this paper can be utilized to plan the synthesis of novel Fe(III) or Fe(II) porphyrins that exhibit desired electrochemical (and chemical) reactivity.
Structures and stabilities of diacetylene-expanded polyhedranes by quantum mechanics and molecular mechanics.

The structures, heats of formation, and strain energies of diacetylene (buta-1,3-diynediyl) expanded molecules have been computed with ab initio and molecular mechanics calculations. Expanded cubane, prismane, tetrahedrane, and expanded monocyclics and bicyclics were optimized at the HF/6-31G(d) and B3LYP/6-31G(d) levels. The heats of formation of these systems were obtained from isodesmic equations at the HF/6-31G(d) level. Heats of formation were also calculated from Benson group equivalents. The strain energies of these expanded molecules were estimated by several independent methods. An adapted MM3* molecular mechanics force field, specifically parametrized to treat conjugated acetylene units, was employed for one measure of strain energy and as an additional method for structural analysis. Expanded dodecahedrane and icosahedrane were calculated by this method. Expanded molecules were considered structurally in the context of their potential material applications.
Masculinity Beliefs Predict Psychosocial Functioning in African American Prostate Cancer Survivors

Research examining psychosocial functioning in African American prostate cancer survivors has been limited, in spite of documented higher mortality from prostate cancer and worse long-term physical and emotional outcomes from prostate cancer treatment reported by this group of survivors. In addition, the role of masculinity in psychosocial adjustment among prostate cancer survivors is not well understood. In this study, 59 African American prostate cancer survivors completed a questionnaire assessing masculinity beliefs related to self-reliance, emotional control, and dominance, as well as measures of psychosocial functioning (i.e., symptom distress, negative mood, and functional and social well-being). Results of regression analyses indicated that masculinity beliefs predicted negative mood, functional well-being, and social well-being, controlling for age, income, and medical comorbidities. The findings reported here, although preliminary, suggest that masculinity beliefs could be important therapeutic targets for improving the efficacy of cognitive-behavioral interventions for men adjusting to prostate cancer survivorship.
Synthetic metabolic pipelines

Controlling the spatial organization of sequential metabolic enzymes may provide a general strategy for increasing the production of valuable compounds.
Radiological reasoning: imaging characterization of bilateral adnexal masses.

ObjectiveA 46-year-old woman presented with bilateral adnexal masses on pelvic sonography, a complex cystic mass on the right, and a homogeneously hypoechoic, solid-appearing mass on the left. Pelvic MRI showed a T1 hypointense, T2 hyperintense, nonenhancing mass in the right ovary and a homogeneously T1 hyperintense lesion with mixed T2 signal in the left ovary. Fat-saturated T1-weighted sequences showed the left ovarian lesion to be an endometrioma containing a high concentration of hemoglobin breakdown products and revealed other endometriotic implants in the right ovary, broad ligament, and cul-de-sac. Follow-up pelvic sonography 9 weeks later showed resolution of the right complex cystic ovarian mass, indicating that it was a physiologic hemorrhagic cyst.ConclusionImaging features of benign and malignant ovarian masses overlap. If imaging is inconclusive in characterizing an adnexal mass as benign, the mass will be resected rather than followed up because of the concern for a rapidly growing ovarian ...
Myocardial edema: comparison of effects on filling volume and stiffness of the left ventricle in rats and pigs.

Background. This study compared the adverse effects of crystalloid-induced myocardial edema on left ventricular (LV) compliance in small and large hearts. Methods. Plegisol (289 mOsm/L) was perfused into the coronary arteries of pigs (n = 8) and 1:1 dilute Plegisol (145 mOsm/L) into the coronary arteries of rats (n = 6). Pressure-volume relations, heart weight, and water content were then determined. The pressure-volume relations were compared using an LV volume at a pressure of 10 mm Hg. Results. Edema in rats was associated with significant ( p p β (0.050 ± 0.004 versus 0.072 ± 0.008), heart weight (207 ± 8 g versus 274 ± 9 g), and water content (79.8% ± 0.6% versus 85.3% ± 0.6%) and a significant decrease in the LV volume at 10 mm Hg (88.4 ± 5.8 mL versus 60.4 ± 6.8 mL). Conclusions. Myocardial edema is associated with an increase in water content and LV stiffness and a decrease in the LV volume at 10 mm Hg in both species. In rats, however, the water content is smaller in the control state and a more hypotonic perfusate is needed to induce a given degree of edema.
Correlating Aluminum Burning Times

Characteristics of aluminum combustion are summarized in an overview of the subject, focusing on the burning time of individual particles. Combustion data from over ten different sources with almost 400 datum points have been cataloged and correlated. Available models have also been used to evaluate combustion trends with key environmental parameters. The fundamental concepts that control aluminum combustion are discussed, starting from a discussion of the D n law. The exponent in the D n law is shown to be lower than two, with nominal values of ≈1.5 to 1.8 being typical. The effect of the ambient medium on the burning time is considered, oxygen as an oxidizer being twice as effective as water and about five times more effective than carbon dioxide. The effect of pressure and initial temperature is minor.
Heat conduction in ionic polycrystalline “nanocomposites”

Alumina, which is a typical ionic crystal, has thermal conduction primarily controlled by phonons. With the introduction of 10 vol% of Cr3C 2 phase, the thermal conductivity of the composite decreased with decreasing size of the Cr3C2 particles and reached a value well below the theoretical prediction at 0.5 #m Cr3C 2. No apparent impurity phase and microcracking were observed at the interface of the composite. Discovery of the entrapment of fine Cr3C2 grains by AlzO 3 grains was suggested to be a significant defect for phonon transportation, regardless of the minor electron contribution of the Cr3C2 phase. Taking advantage of this finding, a novel composite material with superior mechanical properties and lower thermal conductivity for preventing energy dissipation in energy-conversion systems, particularly for engine components, is proposed. Thermal conduction is a basic thermo-physical property primarily tracable to the contribution of phonons and electrons in most solid materials. For dielectric materials such as A1203 phonon is the only contribution to thermal conduction. In view of the thermo-physical characteristics of a composite material, Hasselman and Johnson [11 proposed a relation considering an interfacial resistance factor in relation to Rayleigh-Maxwell theory, which led to a somewhat more realistic approach in predicting the thermal conduction behaviour of brittle composite materials. However, microcracks, mostly resulting from the mismatch in coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE) between the components, or thermal expansion anisotropy of individual components, usually makes these properties unpredictable. Recently, Fu et al. [2] developed a composite material with superior mechanical properties and good oxidation resistance [3], containing A1203 and volume fractions of Cr3C 2. With the incorporation of 10 vol % fine Cr3C2 particle, they found that some of the Cr3C2 particles were entrapped in the A1203 grains, resembling the "nanocomposite" claimed by Niihara [4]. This letter describes the thermal conduction properties of the composite containing 10 vol % Cr3C 2 with various particle sizes. A powder mixture containing fine A1203 powder (purity > 99.5%, mean particle size 0.4 ktm, Alcoa, A16-SG) and 10 vol % Cr3C2 powder (purity > 99.0%, mean particle size 0.5/~m, 1.5 #m and 7.5 #m, H. C. Stark, grade A) was prepared by ball-milling for 24 h with deionized water as a medium solution. After drying, the mixed powder was sintered by means of hot-pressing at 1400 °C for 1 h in Ar atmosphere under an uniaxial pressure of 30 MPa. Thermal diffusivity and thermal conductiv-
Microchronology and demographic evidence relating to the size of pre-columbian north american Indian populations.

Recent estimates for the size of the aggregate North American Indian population in A.D. 1492 vary from about 18 million to less than 2 million. The unusually favorable archaeological characteristics of Mohawk Iroquois sites in eastern New York have allowed a detailed demographic reconstruction of one case for the period A.D. 1400 to 1776. The case indicates that exogenous epidemics did not reach the region until the 17th century and supports arguments favoring the lower populations estimates for North America as a whole.
The effect of tetracycline on the development of the skeletal system of the chick embryo.

Abstract Introduction of tetracycline into the yolk sac of the 8-day chick embryo results in a rapid and widespread distribution of the drug throughout the embryo. After 24 hours, the tetracycline fluorophore is localized exclusively in the skeletal system. Injection of 0.1–0.5 mg of the drug does not seriously impair growth of the embryo or mineralization of the bones. Increased amounts (2.5–5 mg), however, result in a marked reduction in the size of the embryo. The bones of these embryos are reduced in size, they appear bowed, mineralization is reduced, and an abnormal calcification of the cartilage of the matrix occurs. The tetracycline fluorophore is incorporated into the mineralized component of the bone exclusively. The inhibition of mineralization following injection of tetracycline is probably due to the reduction in the number of free cations which subsequently results in the formation of a bone deficient in minerals.
Reporting Findings in the Cone Beam Computed Tomography Volume

The use of cone beam CT (CBCT) is common among dentists and dental specialists in North America and the world. The regions of interest captured by these machines vary in size and applications are numerous. If using the image data from this modality, clinicians are obligated to examine the entire volume and to understand and recognize all the anatomy in the head and neck region that can be portrayed and any abnormalities detected in otherwise normal surroundings. This article attempts to identify common entities found in the anatomic regions captured in a CBCT volume and those common abnormalities that must be referred.
PhotoRouter: destination-centric mobile media messaging

The number of people using cameraphones is growing by tens of millions every month. Yet the majority of cameraphone users have difficulty transferring photos off their phone and sharing them with others. PhotoRouter is a software application for cameraphones that makes the photo sharing process destination-centric by allowing users to focus on who the photo should go to, not how it needs to get there. Attempting to produce an application which meets user needs better than current, technology-centric cameraphone photo sharing applications, we designed PhotoRouter. In this paper we describe PhotoRouter's user interface innovations that we will show in our technical demonstration.