cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hematuria after renal allograft biopsy: Treatment with aminocaproic acid

Aminocaproic acid (EACA) was used in 2 patients with cadaveric renal allografts because gross hematuria developed after percutaneous renal biopsies. Marked improvement was noted within twelve hours with no recurrence after discontinuation of EACA. EACA was effective in moderate renal failure.
Pivotal role of P450–P450 interactions in CYP3A4 allostery: the case of α-naphthoflavone

We investigated the relationship between oligomerization of CYP3A4 (cytochrome P450 3A4) and its response to ANF (α-naphthoflavone), a prototypical heterotropic activator. The addition of ANF resulted in over a 2-fold increase in the rate of CYP3A4-dependent debenzylation of 7-BFC [7-benzyloxy-4-(trifluoromethyl)coumarin] in HLM (human liver microsomes), but failed to produce activation in BD Supersomes™ or Baculosomes® containing recombinant CYP3A4 and NADPH-CPR (cytochrome P450 reductase). However, incorporation of purified CYP3A4 into Supersomes™ containing only recombinant CPR reproduced the behaviour observed with HLM. The activation in this system was dependent on the surface density of the enzyme. Although no activation was detectable at an L/P (lipid/P450) ratio ≥750, it reached 225% at an L/P ratio of 140. To explore the relationship between this effect and CYP3A4 oligomerization, we probed P450–P450 interactions with a new technique that employs LRET (luminescence resonance energy transfer). The amplitude of LRET in mixed oligomers of the haem protein labelled with donor and acceptor fluorophores exhibited a sigmoidal dependence on the surface density of CYP3A4 in Supersomes™. The addition of ANF eliminated this sigmoidal character and increased the degree of oligomerization at low enzyme concentrations. Therefore the mechanisms of CYP3A4 allostery with ANF involve effector-dependent modulation of P450–P450 interactions.
Socioeconomic Status and Carotid Atherosclerosis

Background There is a consistent body of evidence that socioeconomic status (SES) is importantly associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. However, little information currently exists on the relationship between SES and early manifestations of atherosclerotic vascular disease. Methods and Results We investigated the association between education, income, and occupation and intima-media thickness (IMT) in a population-based sample of eastern Finnish men. Data from the Kuopio Ischemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study were used to estimate mean IMT across levels of SES in 1140 men. The association between SES and IMT was examined in relation to atherosclerotic risk factors and was also stratified by degree of atherosclerotic progression and prevalent cardiovascular disease. There were significant, inverse, graded differences between levels of SES and IMT. For education, the age-adjusted mean IMTs for those with primary schooling or less, some high school, and completed high school or more were 0...
Polymer Dosage Considerations in Polyelectrolyte Precipitation of Protein

The properties of aggregates formed by the precipitation of egg white proteins by carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) were examined. Both the final level and the number of incremental additions of the polyelectrolyte were varied. The protein and lysozyme recoveries, particle zeta potential, and protein composition of the precipitate were found to vary with only the final CMC level. Particle size and size distributions were dependent on both the polymer dosage and manner of addition. Overdosed systems, or systems in which the CMC dosage exceeded that required for optimal total protein removal, produced the smallest particles, with size increasing as the number of incremental polymer additions increased. Optimally dosed systems produced the largest particles.
Toxicity of betazole hydrochloride for the pertussis-sensitized mouse.

SummaryThe LD50 of betazole for the pertussis-sensitized mouse is about 80 X that for histamine. Death following challenge is probably the result of a toxic effect other than a histamine-like shock. Betazole is considered to possess a negligible histamine-like action.
Condylar Degeneration and Diseases—Local and Systemic Etiologies

The temporomandibular joint condyle is susceptible to developing a variety of problems, ranging from simple osteoarthrosis to severe condylar resorption. This article will focus on issues related to the etiology of these conditions. Condylar resorption (also known as condylysis) is an event rarely seen in normal orthodontic practice, but when it occurs, it is a very unhappy occurrence and often puzzling and inexplicable. This phenomenon represents an aggressive and fast-moving form of degenerative joint disease. As will be discussed in this article, many cases of temporomandibular joint degenerative joint disease arise from specific local or systemic etiologies, but others (especially condylysis) have been described as "idiopathic." It is the authors' opinion that the term "idiopathic" might be too easily used as an explanation. When something happens, there is usually a reason, but often it is not known what that reason is. Hence, the term "idiopathic" is used as a quick and easy explanation for the occurrence rather than investigating deeper to find the real cause of the problem. Certainly, the cause cannot be found in every case, but there are more areas to investigate than many are aware of, and some of those will be presented here.
Phenomenal Conservatism and Self‐Defeat

I shall focus narrowly on part of Huemer's case for the epistemological heart of ethical intuitionism: the claim that we can be justified in believing moral statements on the basis of intuition. He presents this case in chapter 5 of Ethical Intuitionism (2005) and supplements it in a more recent paper (2007) which I will also use. The main pillar supporting Huemer's position is Phenomenal Conservatism:
Pegylated liposomal doxorubicin, vincristine, and reduced-dose dexamethasone as first-line therapy for multiple myeloma.

In patients with multiple myeloma (MM) who may ultimately receive active therapy, the combination of VAD (vincristine, doxorubicin, and dexamethasone) has been shown to be effective. However, the use of VAD is complicated by inherent risks that result from the use of central venous catheters, steroid toxicity, and by doxorubicin-associated adverse events such as cardiotoxicity and alopecia. To address these issues, a phase II trial investigating the combination of vincristine, pegylated liposomal doxorubicin, and reduced-schedule oral dexamethasone in the first-line treatment of patients with MM has been conducted. Patients with symptomatic, newly diagnosed MM were treated with intravenous (i.v.) pegylated liposomal doxorubicin 40 mg/m2 and vincristine 2 mg on day 1, along with dexamethasone 40 mg/day given either i.v. or orally for 4 days, every 4 weeks for a minimum of 6 cycles. Responses were reported in 29 patients (88%), and an additional 3 patients achieved stable disease. The median time to maximal response was 5.8 months (range, 0.7-13.6 months), and median overall survival time is estimated to be 60 months. This treatment regimen was well tolerated, and the most common grade 3/4 adverse events included hand-foot syndrome (21%), neutropenia (30%), anemia (21%), and mucositis (12%). Based on these results, the vincristine/liposomal doxorubicin/dexamethasone regimen appears to be effective and well tolerated in the first-line treatment of MM.
Drinking rates of stressed one-month-old striped bass : Effects of calcium and low concentrations of sodium chloride

Abstract Drinking rates for striped bass Morone saxatilis were measured in freshwater and in water with a physiologically hypotonic concentration of NaCl (5 g/L). Fish were 27 d old (posthatching) and had recently completed larval development. Drinking rates were determined without allowing fish to adjust to test conditions because problems with survival of young striped bass often occur when they are stressed. In water with 5 g NaCl/L and 3.7 mg Ca2+/L, a combination of ions lethal to stressed striped bass at this stage of development, mean drinking rate (±SE) was 4.7 ± 0.3 μL· g–1 · h–1. This drinking rate was significantly higher than the mean drinking rate (1.8 ± 0.2 μL · g–1 · h–1) in water with 5 g NaCl/L and 100 mg Ca2+/L. Drinking rate in ion-poor water (5.8 mg Na+/L and 3.7 mg Ca2+/L) was only 0.38 ± 0.05 μL · g–1 · h–1. Drinking rates measured for 1 h or 3 h did not differ significantly, indicating that changes in drinking rates occurred quickly. High drinking rates may contribute to the death o...
Preparing for an era of untreatable gonorrhea.

Purpose of reviewThe proportion of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates with reduced susceptibility to extended-spectrum cephalosporins (ESCs) has increased rapidly since 2006. Clinicians, researchers, and public health officials need to be prepared for the possibility of an era of untreatable gonorrhea.
Bisector Analysis of Stokes Profiles: Effects Due to Gradients in the Physical Parameters

The asymmetry of Stokes V profiles of the spectral lines λ6301.5 and λ6302.5 was utilized to systematically study a sunspot observed close to the disk center. The Stokes spectra were taken with the National Solar Observatory (NSO)/High Altitude Observatory Advanced Stokes Polarimeter (ASP). The NSO low-order adaptive optics system was used to record a data set of consistently high resolution. We find the following results from this analysis: (1) a strong correlation between the center-of-gravity (COG) velocity derived from the intensity profiles with the V-profile asymmetry; (2) the amplitude asymmetry is much more sensitive to changes in the COG velocity than the area asymmetry; and (3) plotting area versus amplitude asymmetry for the entire active region results in a bimodal distribution. Different areas within the active region, such as penumbra, umbra, light bridge, and small-scale fields outside the sunspot, are clearly separated in this plot. The light bridges and the small-scale magnetic fields surrounding the observed sunspot show larger amplitude asymmetry compared to the area asymmetry, whereas the penumbra shows larger area asymmetry. In comparison, the Stokes V spectra measured in the umbra show little area and amplitude asymmetry. In this paper, we use bisector analysis of the V intensity profile as a new tool to determine the gradients in the physical parameters in a more direct way. The gradients derived from the bisector method provide further and more direct evidence for the physical picture derived from the study of the asymmetries. For light bridges we find that the data is consistent with a picture of small convective cells confined to lower layers of the atmosphere. Asymmetries in the penumbra are caused by steep vertical gradients in the Evershed velocities in combination with the gradient in the line-of-sight inclination angle, confirming the earlier observations. For small-scale fields, the picture is consistent with the canopy effect. We also compare the average velocity and the magnetic field strength derived from this bisector analysis with the velocity and magnetic field strength derived from the ASP inversion and find excellent agreement between these independent methods. Apart from these asymmetries, we also observe extremely asymmetric V profiles, such as one-lobed profiles and multiple reversals, mostly at the edges of the limb-side penumbra. In these regions, we also find differences in the V profiles of λ6301.5 and λ6302.5 that suggest steep gradients in the physical parameters. The asymmetries derived from a single scan match well with the ones derived from the time-averaged properties obtained by averaging 14 such scans separated by 7.5 minutes. This suggests that, in a statistical sense, the Stokes V asymmetries do not vary with time and describe a global/general property of magnetic features found in regions such as light bridge, umbra, penumbra, and small-scale fields.
The metabolic syndrome or the insulin resistance syndrome? Different names, different concepts, and different goals

The goal of this article is to differentiate the insulin resistance syndrome from the metabolic syndrome. In the case of the insulin resistance syndrome, the abnormalities and clinical syndromes that are increased in prevalence in insulin-resistant individuals have been summarized, with a brief discussion of the causal relationship between insulin resistance, compensatory hyperinsulinemia, and associated consequences. Discussion of the metabolic syndrome has focused on the five criteria chosen by the adult treatment panel III to diagnose the syndrome, evaluating them in terms of their relationship to insulin resistance and their role as cardiovascular disease risk factors.
Strategies for Success: Improving the Academic Performance of Low-Income Adult and First-Generation Students in Online General Education Courses

(2006). Strategies for Success: Improving the Academic Performance of Low-Income Adult and First-Generation Students in Online General Education Courses. The Journal of Continuing Higher Education: Vol. 54, No. 3, pp. 22-35.
Autosuturing device in intestinal urinary conduits

The autosuturing device has been used to close the base of 41 urinary intestinal conduits: 12 colonic, 25 ileal, and 4 jejunal. The techniques are described. There were no urine or bowel leaks, although in one postoperative gastrointestinal bleeding occurred in association with a partial small-bowel obstruction probably related to the stapled enteroanastomosis. Use of the instruments reduced peritoneal contamination and facilitated conduit manipulation. Operating time was reduced. Four patients have passed stones composed of struvite and apatite with staples embedded within. The autosuturing device should be considered an alternative rather than a substitute for conventional proximal conduit closure and bowel anastomoses.
From HIV to Tuberculosis and Back Again: A Tale of Activism in 2 Pandemics

Tuberculosis (TB) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections are the deadliest chronic infections globally. Although each is deadly alone, they are deadlier together, with TB causing one-quarter of AIDS-related deaths and HIV infecting at least 15% of patients with TB worldwide. Historically, the 2 diseases were treated through specific, vertical programs. Strong activism and massive scientific investment have boosted the global response to AIDS, whereas TB has suffered from weak advocacy and anemic research funding. However, since 2004, there has been increasing collaboration and convergence between programs to control the 2 diseases, driven by the recognition that program cooperation leads to synergistic gains in strengthening responses to the 2 diseases and to health systems in general. Progress to date is incomplete, however, and countries must rededicate themselves to scaling up prevention and treatment programs for TB and HIV infection toward universal access, while pursuing accelerated research efforts to develop effective vaccines, better treatments, and cures for both diseases.
Electrostatically stabilized metal oxide particle dispersions in carbon dioxide.

We report electrostatic stabilization of micrometer-sized TiO2 particles at long range (several micrometers) in liquid and supercritical CO2 despite the ultralow dielectric constant, as low as 1.5. The counterions were solubilized in dry reverse micelles, formed with a low-molecular weight cationic perfluoropolyether trimethylammonium acetate surfactant, to prevent ion pairing with the particle surface. Dynamic light scattering and settling velocities indicate a particle diameter of 620−740 nm. The electrophoretic mobility of −2.3 × 10-8 m2/V s indicated a particle charge on the order of −1.7 × 10-17 C, or 105 elementary negative charges per particle. The balance of particle compression by an electric field versus electrostatic repulsion generated an amorphous arrangement of particles with 5−9 μm spacing, indicating Debye lengths greater than 1 μm. Scattering patterns also indicate that chains of particles may be achieved in CO2 by dielectrophoresis with alternating fields. The electrostatic stabilization...
Analyzing Liquefaction-Induced Lateral Spreads Using Strength Ratios

The writers backanalyzed 39 well-documented liquefaction-induced lateral spreads in terms of a mobilized strength ratio, su (mob)∕ σ vo ′ using the Newmark sliding block method. Based on the inverse analyses results, we found that the backcalculated strength ratios mobilized during lateral spreads can be directly correlated to normalized cone penetration test tip resistance and standard penetration test blow count. Remarkably, Newmark analysis-based strength ratios mobilized during these lateral spreads essentially coincide with liquefied strength ratios backcalculated from liquefaction flow failures. The mobilized strength ratios appear to be independent of the magnitude of lateral displacement (at least for displacements greater than 15 cm ) and the strength of shaking (in terms of peak ground acceleration). Furthermore, the mobilized strength ratios backcalculated from these cases appear to be consistent for a given depositional environment and do not appear to be severely impacted by potential water l...
Cyclin D1, a novel molecular marker of minimal residual disease, in metastatic neuroblastoma.

Accurate monitoring of minimal residual disease (MRD) is critical for the management of metastatic neuroblastoma (NB). We evaluated cyclin D1 (CCND1), a cell-cycle control gene, as a novel MRD marker of NB. Using quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, we studied CCND1 expression in 133 solid tumors of different histological types, including 39 NB tumors, and examined its potential clinical utility as an early response marker in the bone marrows before and after treatment of 118 stage 4 patients enrolled after induction chemotherapy in an immunotherapy protocol. Based on 40 normal marrow and peripheral blood samples, a CCND1 transcript value greater than the mean + 2 SD was defined as positive. Sensitivity of this assay was one NB cell in 106 normal mononuclear cells. CCND1 transcript levels were high in NB, breast cancer, and Ewing family tumors. Among the NB patients evaluated, early (2.5 months from protocol entry) marrow response was strongly associated with both progression-free (P = 0.0001) and overall survival (P = 0.0006). CCND1 response remained predictive of survival among a subset of 66 patients who had no histological evidence of marrow disease before immunotherapy. We conclude that CCND1 has potential clinical utility as a novel molecular marker of MRD in the bone marrow of patients with metastatic NB.
Corneal geometry: An alternative explanation of the effect of 6-diazo-5-oxo-l-norleucine on the development of chick cornea☆

Abstract In their recent paper in Developmental Biology , Coulombre and Coulombre (1975) conclude that the injection of DON (6-diazo-5-oxo- l -norleucine) into the chorioallantoic veins of 5-day-old chick embryos results in a reversal of the direction of rotation between pairs of layers of collagen fibrils. It is shown here that their analysis of the parity of this helicoidal arrangement of fibers depends upon their interpretation of the details of this structure, that a simpler model exists, and that both models account for the action of DON as having a quantitatively small effect on the angle between successive layers of collagen fibers.
The Spectra of Xenon in the Extreme Ultraviolet

Increased dispersion and resolving power have made possible a revision and extension of the work of previous investigators on the spectra of xenon in the extreme ultraviolet. Lists of classified lines are given for Xe I, Xe II and Xe III in the range from $\ensuremath{\lambda}2000$ to $\ensuremath{\lambda}600$. No new lines were found for Xe I but the accuracy of the measurements is considerably improved. Revised identifications are suggested for Xe II in the light of new knowledge of the limits of that spectrum, the low states of Xe III. 128 lines of Xe III have been identified in collaboration with C. J. Humphreys, who will publish elsewhere with his analysis of the longer wave-length portion of the spectrum the consolidated term table for this spectrum.
Evaluation of stereotactic core needle biopsy (SCNB) of the breast at a single institution.

Stereotactic core needle biopsy (SCNB) has become a popular method for diagnosis of occult breast abnormalities. There are few large series of SCNB from a single institution. Data on patients undergoing SCNB for mammographic abnormalities were collected prospectively over 43 months at a university hospital. Mammographic findings were categorized as benign, probably benign, indeterminate, suspicious or malignant. For lesions with SCNB pathology that were non-diagnostic, showed atypical hyperplasia or malignancy (in situ or invasive), or were discordant with the pre-biopsy mammogram findings, surgical excision was recommended. Subsequent surgical pathology was reviewed. All remaining lesions were followed mammographically after SCNB. SCNB was performed on 692 lesions in 607 patients. There were 79 malignancies, for a positive SCNB rate of 11.4%. The 349 SCNB performed for benign, probably benign and indeterminate lesions on mammography had a positive SCNB rate of only 4%. Surgery was recommended for 127 (18.3%) lesions, while 565 (81.6%) were followed mammographically after SCNB. A compliance rate of 61% for at least one follow-up mammogram was obtained, with a median follow-up of 17.2 months and with no cancers found. The sensitivity for malignancy with SCNB was 93%. SCNB provides a minimally invasive method to assess mammographic abnormalities. Abnormalities considered radiographically to be other than malignant or suspicious yielded few cancers. In this series a low positive SCNB rate resulted in no false negatives on mammographic follow-up. The optimal positive biopsy rate for SCNB is debatable.
Driving IT Architecture Innovation: The Roles of Competing Organizational Cultures and Collaborating Upper Echelons

The spotlight on business innovation in growth-oriented organizations has never been hotter. Information systems (IS) innovation, in particular, has become the main focus for many businesses and their CIOs because of its potential for business agility and competitiveness. However, creating a culture that can effectively exploit the innovative forces of an organization is challenging, and no shared guidelines exist. The purpose here is to examine empirically how the competing forces of organizational cultures in tandem with senior executives constructively influence the innovative efforts of organizations. Central to this investigation is the adoption of an IS architecture (SOA) whose implementation may entail radical transformation of traditional business patterns. Data were collected from U.S. top IS executives, and the results suggest that the adopters of SOA (45%) are organizations whose executives embrace certain collaborative behavior, which, in people and progress-oriented cultures, seems to be a catalyst for change and adoption of transformational IS architecture.
A new index to use in conjunction with the h‐index to account for an author's relative contribution to publications with high impact

The h-index was devised to represent a scholar's contributions to his field with respect to the number of publications and citations. It does not, however, take into consideration the scholar's position in the authorship list. I recommend a new supplementary index to score academics, representing the relative contribution to the papers with impact, be reported alongside the h-index. I call this index the AP-index, and it is simply defined as the average position in which an academic appears in authorship lists, on articles that factor in to that academic's h-index.
Effects of Expiratory Flow Resistance on Inspiratory Work of Breathing

To minimize work of breathing, airway pressure should not fluctuate during spontaneous breathing with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). However, flow resistance in the inspiratory limb of the breathing circuit and an inadequate continuous gas flow rate result in airway pressure fluctuation and increased work of breathing. Flow resistance of the expiratory pressure/exhalation valve also directly affects the level of airway pressure during spontaneous inhalation with CPAP (the greater the resistance of the valve, the greater the decrease in airway pressure and work of breathing). We compared this effect with three types of expiratory pressure valves: a threshold resistor with low resistance to flow, an inflatable balloon (mushroom) valve with moderate resistance to flow, and a variable-orifice flow resistor with a high resistance to flow. Work increased up to threefold with the balloon valve and more than tenfold with the flow resistor compared with the threshold resistor. To apply CPAP, expiratory pressure valves with low resistance to flow should be used to minimize fluctuations in airway pressure and, thus, in the work of spontaneous breathing.
Damage and Failure Mechanisms of Continuous Glass Fiber Reinforced Polyphenylene Sulfide

The damage that accompanies flexural deformation of a unidirectional glass fiber composite of polyphenylene sulfide was examined by AE and SEM. These complementary techniques were used to identify damage mechanisms at the microscale and correlate them with the macroscopic stress state in four-point bending. The flexural stress-strain curve was nominally linear to about 1.0 percent strain, but the onset of damage detectable by AE occurred at 0.3 percent strain. Two peaks in the AE amplitude distribution were observed at 35 dB and 60 dB. Low-amplitude events were detected along the entire length of the specimen, and correlation with direct observations of damage made by deforming the composite on the SEM stage suggested that these events arose from matrix cracking and fiber debonding concentrated at flaws on the composite. High amplitude events occurred primarily in the region of highest flexural stress between the inner loading points. They were attributed to fracture of glass fibers on the tension side and surface damage on the compressive side.
Tables of electron screening and higher-order vacuum polarization potentials in mesic atoms

The electron screening potential, applicable to the screening correction calculation in exotic atoms, is tabulated. The potential is calculated for atomic numbers Z = 35–90 (with steps Δ Z = 5) and for radial distances from zero to the radius of the electron K -orbit. An empirical, three-parameter formula for the screening potential is suggested and its coefficients calculated. The radial dependence of the e + e − vacuum polarization potentials of the order α 2 ( Zα ) and α(Zα) 3 is calculated and tabulated for radii 0.1–1.0 ħ/m e c .
Physical device illumination color correction

ABSTRACT The problem of calibrating a hard copy color device for a number of viewing illuminants is discussed. Fourmethods are introduced and implemented using a UP Paintiet XL300 printer. In each case it is assumed thatthe printer is calibrated for one particular illuminant, via a look-up-table or simil&i approach. The methodsfor calibrating with respect to a number of ifiuminants involve performing simple transformations on the inputtristimulus values. 1 INTRODUCTION In color image reproduction, the quality of the reproduction is determined by a side-by-side comparison of theoriginal image and the reproduction under a specified viewing illuminant. Color printers and color copiers areusually calibrated, via a look-up-table, for a single viewing ifiuminant which will be referred to as the calibrationiliuminant. The CIE XYZ tristimulus values (or an equivalent colorimetric representation) of the original imageunder the calibration illuminant are provided to the printer. If the tristimulus values are within the color gamutof the printer for the calibration illuminant, then the original image and the reproduction should colorimetricallymatch when viewed under the calibration iliuminant.In practice, a customer may desire to make a reproduction that matches under an illuminant which is not thecalibration illuminant. The user will have CIE XYZ tristimulus values of the original image under the viewing
Noisy image superresolution by artificial neural networks

Noisy incoherent objects, which are too close to be remotely separated by optically imaging beyond the Rayleigh diffraction limit, might be resolved by employing the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) smart pixel post processing and its mathematical framework, Independent Component Analysis (ICA). It is shown that ICA ANN approach to superresolution based on information maximization principle could be seen as a part of the general approach called space-bandwidth (SW) product adaptation method. Our success is perhaps due to the Blind Source Separation (BSS) Smart-Pixel Detectors (SPD) behind the imaging lens (inverse adaptation), while the Rayleigh diffraction limit remains valid for a single instance of the deterministic imaging systems' realization. The blindness is due to the unknown objects, and the unpredictable propagation effect on the net imaging point spread function. Such a software/firmware enhancement of imaging system may have a profound implication to the designs of the new (third) generation imaging systems as well as other non-optical imaging systems.
Electricity from biomass in the United States: Status and future direction

Abstract The biomass power industry in the United States has grown from less than 200 MW in 1979 to more than 6000 MW in 1990, primarily as a result of the Public Utilities Regulatory Policies Act of 1978. The United States Department of Energy (USDOE) is projecting installed capacity will grow to about 22 GW by the year 2010, with environmental considerations (carbon dioxide neutrality, low sulfur dioxide emissions, and low nitrogen oxides emissions) being the primary driving force. The primary conversion technologies being developed in the United States are gasification-combined cycle systems, pyrolysis oil-combined cycle systems, and advanced direct combustion systems. The USDOE program has the objective of reducing the risks associated with commercializing new technologies and feedstocks for power production. The program is divided into two areas: research and development and systems analysis. The major research and developmental program is in the area of hot-gas cleanup, while the systems analysis area is concentrating on gasifier scale-up and site-specific commercial feasibility studies.
Alteration of the disruptive effect of fenfluramine on food consumption in the rat by repeated post-session administration of d-amphetamine

The purpose of this study was to determine whether repeated treatment (15 days) with d-amphetamine (AMP) or fenfluramine (FEN), administered after a daily 3 h feeding session (e. g. post-session), would result in tolerance or crosstolerance to the decrement in food consumption induced by treatment with either drug before feeding (e. g. pre-session). Groups of male rats were treated IP with 0.5 ml saline, 1.0, 2.0, or 4.0 mg/kg AMP, or 2.5, 5.0, or 10.0 mg/kg FEN prior to a 3 h feeding session. For the next 15 sessions, the respective groups were treated post-session with saline (0.5 ml), AMP (4.0 mg/kg), or FEN (10 mg/kg). Following the 15 day postsession phase, each group again received this pre-session treatment. The initial pre-session treatment with all dosages of these two drugs produced a significant decrease in food consumption. Tolerance to the food intake suppressant effect of FEN, but not AMP, resulted from repeated post-session treatment with the same agent. Repeated post-session treatment with AMP resulted in a significant decrement in the suppressant activity of FEN on food intake, whereas the corresponding post-session treatments with FEN did not alter the pre-session effects of AMP, except for an enhancement seen with higher AMP doses.
Single kidney transplantation from young pediatric donors in the United States

Kidney transplantation (KTX) from small pediatric donors is performed as single or en bloc. Criteria to determine when to split pediatric donor kidneys and transplant as singles are not well established. Data reported to the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipient for donors or=60). Single KTX from donors >or= 35 kg conferred a similar risk of graft survival as ideal SCDs. Of donors 10-34 kg, risks of en bloc KTX were similar to ideal and risks of single KTX to non-ideal SCDs; single and en bloc KTXs had 7.9 and 5.2 graft losses per 100 follow-up years, respectively. Single KTX from donors >35 kg are similar to ideal SCDs. Single KTX from donors 10-35 kg are similar to non-ideal SCDs. From a resource perspective, pediatric donors 10-35 kg used as singles offer more cumulative graft years than when used en bloc.
Normal ovarian surface epithelial label-retaining cells exhibit stem/progenitor cell characteristics

Ovulation induces cyclic rupture and regenerative repair of the ovarian coelomic epithelium. This process of repeated disruption and repair accompanied by complex remodeling typifies a somatic stem/progenitor cell-mediated process. Using BrdU incorporation and doxycycline inducible histone2B-green fluorescent protein pulse–chase techniques, we identify a label-retaining cell population in the coelomic epithelium of the adult mouse ovary as candidate somatic stem/progenitor cells. The identified population exhibits quiescence with asymmetric label retention, functional response to estrous cycling in vivo by proliferation, enhanced growth characteristics by in vitro colony formation, and cytoprotective mechanisms by enrichment for the side population. Together, these characteristics identify the label-retaining cell population as a candidate for the putative somatic stem/progenitor cells of the coelomic epithelium of the mouse ovary.
Evolution of charge emission for amorphous silicon FETs exposed to radiation

Abstract Large area flat panel radiation imagers are currently based on hydrogenated amorphous silicon (α-Si:H) devices. For extended use in medical applications and most industrial applications the properties of the panels can be altered by the high dose the panels experience. One characteristic of these panels is a dark offset due to emission of charge from deep trap states (detrapping currents) of the α-Si:H FETs. We report on a method of isolating the contribution of channel and contact (source/drain) silicon in a standard inverted gate FET to the total charge emission current and directly measure the time evolution of both. Additionally, we investigate changes in the charge emission coming from FETs on the imager panel as a function of radiation dose up to 15 Mrad (150 kGy) absorbed in the α-Si:H of the FETs.
Nucleotide sequence of the yeast cell division cycle start genes CDC28, CDC36, CDC37, and CDC39, and a structural analysis of the predicted products

The nucleotide sequences of the yeast cell division cycle start genes CDC36, CDC37, and CDC39 are presented. An open reading frame corresponding in size and mapped position to the mRNA for each gene was revealed. These sequences, as well as that of the CDC28 gene, were analyzed for the presence of consensus sequences postulated to be transcriptional or translational signals, or to be involved in mRNA processing. In addition, the predicted protein products of the four genes were subjected to a number of structural and statistical analyses including codon usage bias analysis, secondary structure analysis and hydropathicity analysis.
A Transport Model of Asphalt Binder Oxidation in Pavements

ABSTRACT Field evidence is mounting that asphalt binder oxidization in pavements produces a binder that is more susceptible to thermal and fatigue cracking. While the fundamentals of this oxidation process are fairly well known, predicting quantitatively the rate of oxidation, and as a function of depth in the pavement, is not straightforward. A thermal and oxygen transport model, coupled with binder reaction kinetics, provides the basis for such calculations. A one-dimensional thermal transport model, coupled with site-specific model parameters and recent improvements in the availability of required input climate data, enables calculation of pavement temperatures throughout the year, which then is used in an asphalt binder oxidation and transport model to calculate binder properties in the pavement over time. Calculated binder property changes with depth and time are compared to measurements of binder oxidation in the field.
A Sensitive, High Frequency, Electromagnetic Field Probe Using A Semiconductor Laser In A Small Loop Antenna

Using a loop antenna in series with a semiconductor laser, am optically coupled electromagnetic field probe has demonstrates sensitivities better than 3 iiV/(m.Hz1/2). The probes outside dimensiOns are equal to 5.7 X 5.7 X 1.3 cm j. It can be used to measure fields with frequencies as high as 2 GHz. The dynamic range is estimated to exceed 6 orders of magnitude for incident microwave powers.
Core warming of a burn patient during excision to prevent hypothermia.

Staged excision and grafting remains the mainstay of the surgical treatment of large burn injuries since Jackson and colleagues demonstrated a decreased mortality with excisions of 20% or less in 1960 [1]. The major factors limiting these excisions are blood loss and hypothermia. Despite these known limitations, little progress had been made in combating the hypothermia that comes with a large excision. The current re-warming strategies include: increasing ambient room temperature, infusing warm intravenous fluids, and using hot air technologies such as the Bair Hugger, but no single solution or combination of solutions has proven adequate [2]. Recently at our institution, a new intravascular warming catheter was used to perform a large burn excision with excellent results.
Brefeldin A causes a microtubule-mediated fusion of the trans-Golgi network and early endosomes.

Abstract Brefeldin A (BFA) is a fungal metabolite that causes a redistribution of the stacked cisternae of the Golgi complex into the endoplasmic reticulum by inhibiting anterograde transport. We report that BFA also causes membrane tubules derived from the trans-Golgi network (TGN) to fuse with early endosomes. In the presence of BFA, a mannose-6-phosphate receptor (M6PR)-enriched tubular network rapidly forms from the TGN, not from the prelysosomal compartment, and can be labeled with endocytic tracers after only 5 min of uptake at either 20°C or 37°C, indicating that it is also functionally an early endosome. Formation of the TGN-early endosome network is microtubule dependent and may involve modification of membrane processes affected by microtubule-associated motor activity. Concomitant with the formation of the fused TGN-early endosome network, there is a >5-fold increase in cell surface M6PRs. The data suggest that BFA has revealed a membrane transport cycle between the TGN and early endosomes, perhaps used for the secretion or delivery of molecules to the cell surface.
The Science of Sports: Combining Quantitative Analysis and Sports Applications in an Undergraduate Course

I present the development of a one-semester undergraduate course devoted to operations research O.R. and statistical methodologies in sports, specifically targeted for first-year collegiate students. In particular, this class explores decision analysis and linear regression using sports as the sole basis of application. Term projects and oral presentations permit student groups the opportunity to investigate specific quantitative applications in this field. Essentially, I endeavor to couple a student's inherent interest in sports with training in basic analytical approaches.
The interaction domains of the plant Myc-like bHLH transcription factors can regulate the transactivation strength.

The N-terminal region of the plant Myc-like basic helix–loop–helix transcription factors (bHLH TFs) contains two domains. Approximately, 190 amino acids at the N-terminus comprise an interaction domain, a.k.a. Myb-interacting-region (MIR) for its primary function of interacting with Myb-like TFs. Following, the interaction domain is an activation (or acidic) domain responsible for transactivation. We have previously discovered that a lysine to methionine substitution (K157M) in the interaction domain of Myc-RP of Perilla frutescens leads to a 50-fold increase in transactivation activity. The result suggests that mutations in the interaction domain affect transactivation. The highly conserved nature of this lysine residue in many Myc-like bHLH TFs prompted us to explore the functional importance of this residue within the TF family and the influence of the interaction domain on the activation domain in transactivation. We found that the replacement of the equivalent lysine with methionine significantly affects the transactivation activities of two other Myc-RP homologues, Delila from snapdragon and Lc from maize. In addition to methionine, substitution with several other amino acids at this position has positive effects on transcriptional activity. A neighboring conserved alanine residue (A159 in Myc-RP, A161 in Delila and A172 in Lc) also affects transactivation. Substitution of this alanine residue to an aspartic acid abolished transactivation of both Myc-RP and Delila and severely reduced transactivation of Lc. Ectopic expression of a Myc-RP K157M mutant in transgenic tobacco resulted in increased anthocyanin accumulation compared to plants expressing the wild-type gene. Our study reveals the potential cooperation between functional domains of the bHLH TFs.
Tenderness of Broilers as Affected by Processing Plants and Seasons of the Year

Abstract Broilers were obtained from four processing plants one month of each of the four seasons. Carcasses were separated into split breasts and thighs, and cooked in a steam autoclave, which reached a maximum temperature of 101° C. (214° F.), at atmospheric pressure. Parts were cooked for 20 minutes, removed and wrapped in aluminum foil and placed in a refrigerator. After cooling the parts were prepared for Allo-Kramer shear press determinations. The iliotibialis muscle and two slices, per half, from the pectoralis major muscle were removed. Each sample was weighed to the nearest 0.1 g. prior to being placed in the shear press with the outer most surface up. There were variations in tenderness among the four plants tested. Sex influenced shear values of the second 3 mm. slice of the breast and also shear values of the thigh. Males were more tender in these measurements. Sex did not affect shear values of the first 3 mm. slice of the breast. The lowest shear values for both slices of the breast and for the thigh were obtained from carcasses produced in the fall season.
The Response to Market Power: Non-Profit Hospitals versus For-Profit Hospitals

In the debate over whether non-profit and for-profit hospitals behave differently in the presence of market concentration and greater individual market power, most scholars have concentrated on the traditional price analysis approach. But this has produced conflicting results. This study attempts to avoid the limitations of price as an indicator of how these hospitals respond to greater market power by examining changes in admissions given the capacity decision. The results indicate that for-profit and public hospitals respond similarly to increased market power. On the other hand, private non-profit hospitals appear to act differently. This presents important implications for antitrust policies and for the management of non-profit hospitals.
A theoretical examination of closed-loop properties and tuning methods of single-loop PI controllers

Abstract The dependence of the dominant closed-loop poles on the controller parameters is quantitatively elucidated by a Taylor expansion about the critical (ultimate) gain. The leading expansion coefficients are estimated from the critical (ultimate) gain and frequency and one or two closed-loop measurements of the decay ratio and frequency of system response to set-point/load changes or natural disturbances. An explicit model for the process transfer function is not required. By relating controller performance criteria to the leading poles, optimal gain settings to achieve these criteria can then be determined. In the present work, three tuning methods of increasing accuracy (the modified Ziegler-Nichols rule and Methods A and B) are constructed to satisfy a performance criterion ( D.R. = 0.25) and a stability consideration. Method A is presented in a convenient chart and is especially easy to use on line. Stability robustness as measured by the Doyle-Stein index and the estimated closed-loop frequency at the proposed setting are also presented in the same chart.
Chromatographic separation of unsaturated fatty acids as their 2,4-dinitrobenzenesulfenyl chloride derivatives

Oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids were found to react with 2,4-dinitrobenzenesulfenyl chloride to form addition products of constant composition. Saturated acids did not react. The derivatives of mixed acids were separable into well defined bands on MgSO4 columns and recoverable as individual compounds in the eluate, with yields above 95% in each case. This technique provided the basis for a new method of analysis, which we have called the “isolation” method. Results obtained in the analysis of 100-mg. samples of common vegetable oils compared favorably with those obtained by the spectral absorption method except that isolation values for saturated acids were lower.
Beliefs About Sleep and Perceived Sleep Quality are Associated With Quality of Life Among Perimenopausal Women

Sleep disturbance is a common complaint among perimenopausal women and is hypothesized to contribute to compromises in their quality of life (QoL). We investigated the degree to which sleep disturbance and QoL were related and whether dysfunctional beliefs and attitudes about sleep were significantly associated with QoL ratings among a community sample of 168 perimenopausal women (88% return rate). Questionnaires included measures of subjective sleep quality, beliefs and attitudes about sleep, and QoL. Subjective sleep quality accounted for a significant amount of variance in both the physical and mental health aspects of QoL. Dysfunctional beliefs and attitudes about sleep significantly accounted for the physical components of QoL but not mental components. The interplay among sleep quality, dysfunctional beliefs and attitudes about sleep, and QoL is discussed, as well as potential clinical implications and ideas for future investigations specific to perimenopausal women.
Ecophysiological responses of black walnut (Juglans nigra) to plantation thinning along a vertical canopy gradient

Abstract Ecophysiology of black walnut ( Juglans nigra L.) along a vertical canopy gradient was studied in a mixed species plantation for the first (2007) and second (2008) growing seasons after thinning to understand response mechanisms to increased resource availability. Parameters were affected by the thinning treatment in 2008 only. Thinned trees showed increased light-saturated maximum photosynthesis ( A max ) from 2007 to 2008 compared to non-thinned trees. This response was likely due to increased light levels near thinned trees (vs. changes in water or nutrient status), because thinning did not affect midday leaf water potential ( Ψ md ), average daily soil water content (SWC), or leaf nitrogen content per unit area ( N a ). Plantation thinning did not increase relative diameter growth during the experimental period. This may be due to low thinning intensity and mortality prior to thinning that reduced competition from first-tier neighbors. Certain leaf traits such as leaf mass per unit area (LMA) and N a increased from the bottom to the upper canopy position, but did not influence thinning responses. Distribution patterns of photosynthetic parameters through the vertical canopy gradient were less defined than leaf structural traits such as LMA and N a . Findings reflect black walnut's large variability in response to thinning.