cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Listening and clarity of syntactic structure

Abstract Listeners repeated fully grammatical sentences, exemplifying 12 linguistic constructions, heard through noise. In half the sentences the basic grammatical relations or constituent structure were more clearly displayed than in the matching versions. Although the differences in structure between the two versions were minimal (often just the presence or absence of a function word), the "clear" sentences were correctly repeated on the average 19% more often than the "distorted" sentences were. The results suggest that minor structural cues are important in listening to speech, at least under adverse conditions.
Kinetics of nitrous oxide mass transfer from porewater into root aerenchyma of wetland plants

The creation and/or restoration of wetlands is an important strategy for controlling the release of reactive nitrogen (N) via denitrification, but there can be tradeoffs between enhanced denitrification and the production of nitrous oxide (N2 O), a potent greenhouse gas. A knowledge gap in current understanding of belowground wetland N dynamics is the role of gas transfer through the root aerenchyma system of wetland plants as a shortcut emission pathway for N2 O in denitrifying wetland soils. This investigation evaluates the significance of mass transfer into gas-filled root aerenchyma for the N2 O budget in wetland mesocosms planted with Sagittaria latifolia Willd. and Schoenoplectus acutus (Muhl. ex Bigelow) A. Love & D. Love. Dissolved gas tracer push-pull tests with N2 O and the nonreactive gas tracers helium, sulfur hexafluoride, and ethane were used to estimate first-order rate constants for gas transfer into roots and microbial N2 O reduction and thereby disentangle the effects of root-mediated gas transport from microbial metabolism on N2 O balances in saturated soils. Root-mediated gas transport was estimated to account for up to 37% of overall N2 O removal from the wetland soils. Rates of microbial N2 O reduction varied widely based on the organic matter content of the soil media and served as a key control on the fraction of N2 O that transferred into roots. This research identifies transport through root aerenchyma as a potential shortcut pathway for N2 O emission from wetland soils and sediments and indicates that this process should be considered in both measurements and mechanistic modeling of belowground wetland N dynamics.
Housing Condition Differentially Impacts Escalation of Alcohol Intake, Relapse-Like Drinking, Anxiety-Like Behavior, and Stress History Effects by Sex.

BACKGROUND Stress triggers alcohol use and relapse to drinking, with different effects by sex. Women are more susceptible to stress-related alcohol misuse, and most stressors in rodents produce sexually divergent effects. Female rodents are particularly sensitive to the stress produced by solitary housing, yet the impact of housing conditions on the establishment, escalation, and post-abstinence potentiation of intermittent access alcohol drinking in male and female rats, and the interaction of these factors with stress history are not well described. METHODS Male (n = 62) and female (n = 64) Wistar rats were housed individually or in pairs separated by a perforated divider. Rats were exposed to light-cued footshock stress (stress history), or cues alone (control), once daily for 3 days, followed by 8 weeks' drinking under intermittent access to a 2-bottle choice (IA2BC), with 20% alcohol (v/v in water) available in addition to water for 24 hours on alternate days. After a 2-week forced abstinence, anxiety-like behavior was assessed via defensive withdrawal testing; then, IA2BC alcohol access was renewed for 2 weeks to model relapse-like behavior. RESULTS Pair-housed female rats did not increase their alcohol intake across the 8-week drinking period, unlike all other groups, and stress history did not significantly change alcohol consumption. After abstinence, anxiety-like behavior was greatest in pair-housed stress history males, whereas alcohol intake was significantly elevated only in female rats, particularly those in solitary housing. CONCLUSIONS Together, these findings suggest that paired housing differentially contributes to behavior in male and female rats, blunting alcohol intake in females, and unmasking stress history effects on anxiety-like behavior in males.
Parental Rejection After Coming Out: Detachment, Shame, and the Reparative Power of Romantic Love

Identity development is a fragile process for any youth, but this fragility may be entangled with greater complexity for young men who have sex with men (YMSM), particularly if confronted by rejection from those “closest to home”: their parents. While parental rejection to coming out may contribute to a range of maladaptive effects, the present work aims to distill the underlying mechanisms of such effects, specifically by exploring the intersection of self-disclosure and emotional intimacy. Drawing from a sample of YMSM age 18 to 24 ( N = 364), we found that the link between YMSM’s emotional detachment from their fathers in response to their coming out and the experience of shame surrounding their sexuality was indirectly and serially mediated by YMSM’s positive associations with emotional bonding needs and intimacy with their romantic partner. Findings provide initial support for the reparative potential of romantic bonding and intimacy to heal identity-based shame from parental rejection and detachment, which would otherwise be a source of self-devaluation of YMSM’s identity.
Characterization of a 200-nF unipolar, high current, low inductance capacitor switch assembly.

Capacitor switch assemblies (CSAs) are a viable alternative to the standard Linear Transformer Driver (LTD) brick—the prime power “building block” in LTD-based high current drivers. In a CSA, the geometrical advantages combined with the switch’s placement within a CSA produce a significantly lower inductance structure compared to the LTD brick. Lower inductances enable higher peak currents and faster rise times when all other parameters are held constant, thus making low inductance a crucial feature in high current systems. In this article, the experimental characterization of a 200-nF, 38-nH CSA is presented. When charged to 56 (57 kV), this CSA generates a 76 (64-kA) current peak into 0.28 (0.46-Ω) resistive loads. Comparing the experimental data’s waveforms with those of an analytic circuit model, close agreement with underdamped RLC circuit theory is obtained. Based on this CSA’s performance, the experimental data are extrapolated to model the performance of a bipolar 100-nF (±90 kV) CSA and a unipolar 200-nF (90 kV) CSA and compared with a standard 40-nF, bipolar (±100 kV) LTD brick. Furthermore, circuit simulations are performed for a 2.2-m diameter LTD cavity with 20 dual polarity (±100 kV) standard bricks and 23 dual polarity (±90 kV) CSAs. An increase by a factor of 2 in the power output is obtained for the CSA–LTD cavity over the brick LTD cavity while maintaining the same cross-sectional area. This has a large potential impact on the pulsed power generator design, both for smaller university-scale machines and proposed next-generation [60 Mega Amp (MA)] accelerators.
Admission Control for mMTC Traffic in 5G Networks

Massive Machine-Type Communications (mMTC) are one of the service types supported by 5G. These are characterized by the need to serve a large number of devices that have only sporadic traffic and which have low-energy consumption. While the non-intensive nature of the traffic does not pose much strain on efficient network planning, the requirement to serve a large number of devices certainly does. With the network resources being limited and the competition between users in the cell, an important question that arises is that of admission control, so that the admitted users can be successfully served by the network. To this end, in this paper, we provide the analysis that leads to an admission control policy. We do this for two types of users in terms of their traffic intensities and channel conditions: 1) homogeneous users, and 2) heterogeneous users. We validate our results on a trace. Results show that the number of admitted users depends on the traffic pattern but not on the channel conditions. An increase in traffic intensity by 15 times can decrease the number of admitted users by 15$ times.
Image Resampling and Compositing

Image resampling, image compositing, and image mosaicking are discussed. Among the discussed resampling methods are nearest-neighbor, bilinear interpolation, cubic convolution, cubic spline, and compactly supported methods. After describing the principle behind each method, the computational complexities of the methods are determined and compared. Also included in this chapter are topics of image compositing and mosaicking. A new intensity blending method to produce seamless image composites from images with intensity differences is introduced.
Muslim World Outreach: The United States Intervenes in Religious Identity

The war of ideas against fundamentalist Islam has brought the United States to a new investment in religion. Language: en
Divergent movement of adjacent whiskers.

The current view of whisker movement is that ∼25 whiskers on each side of the face move in synchrony. To determine whether whiskers are constrained to move together, we trained rats to use two whis...
On the convergence of boosting procedures

A boosting algorithm seeks to minimize empirically a loss function in a greedy fashion. The resulted estimator takes an additive function form and is built iteratively by applying a base estimator (or learner) to updated samples depending on the previous iterations. This paper studies convergence of boosting when it is carried out over the linear span of a family of basis functions. For general loss functions, we prove the convergence of boosting's greedy optimization to the infinimum of the loss function over the linear span. As a side product, these results reveal the importance of restricting the greedy search step sizes, as known in practice through the works of Friedman and others.
Regulation of mammalian target of rapamycin and mitogen activated protein kinase pathways by BCR-ABL.

A large body of evidence has established that BCR–ABL regulates engagement and activation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling cascades. mTOR-mediated signals, as well as signals transduced by ERK, JNK, and p38 MAPK, are important components of the aberrant signaling induced by BCR–ABL. Such deregulation of mTOR or MAPK pathways contributes to BCR–ABL leukemogenesis, and their targeting with selective inhibitors provides an approach to enhance antileukemic responses and/or overcome leukemic cell resistance in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph+) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). This review explores recent advances in our understanding of mTOR and MAPK signaling in BCR–ABL-expressing leukemias and discusses the potential therapeutic targeting of these pathways in CML and Ph+ ALL.
Statistical analysis of thermal shock data

Hazard plotting and maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) are used to determine Weibull parameters for single cycle thermal shock tests performed on WC-Co specimens. Data for each sample fall into three classes: tests below a threshold prequench temperature for which failure never occurs; tests above some higher prequench temperature for which failure is universal; and tests at intermediate prequench temperatures for which both failures and nonfailures are interspersed. Hazard plots in the region of the third class show a good Weibull fit. For some samples, the shape of the hazard plots indicates competing risks. MLE of the Weibull parameters for each sample is performed and the estimates are compared. Failure models which might account for the shape of the hazard plots are proposed.
Tolerance and safety of orally administered antimicrobial agents: An important factor in the selection of drug therapy

Abstract Efficacy and safety are two key factors in the selection of orally administered antimicrobial agents. This paper reviews the safety profile of oral cephalosporins, macrolides, and fluoroquinolones. Oral cephalosporins and the macrolides are among the safest classes of antimicrobial agents. The most common adverse events associated with oral cephalosporins are hypersensitivity reactions, which occur in 0.7% to 10% of patients. Approximately 5% to 10% of patients with hypersensitivity reactions to penicillin have cross-reactions (usually rash) with oral cephalosporin therapy. There do not appear to be major differences in toxicity among individual oral cephalosporins. The most common adverse event associated with the macrolides is gastrointestinal distress, particularly erythromycin at dosages >4 gm/day. Erythromycin should not be administered intramuscularly because it causes severe local pain. Drug interactions are among the most serious adverse events associated with macrolide therapy. These drugs may inhibit other drugs such as theophylline and carbamazepine, which are metabolized through the liver cytochrome P 450 pathway. If administered concomitantly, serum concentrations of these agents should be monitored closely. Erythromycin inhibits cyclosporin metabolism. Fluoroquinolones also have an excellent safety profile. The most common adverse events are gastrointestinal disturbances, which occur in 2% to 8% of patients. Approximately 1% to 4% of patients experience central nervous system complications. Fluoroquinolones have been shown to cause cartilage erosion in young animals and are not approved for pediatric use in the United States. Some drug interactions may also occur with fluoroquinolone use. In summary, the oral cephalosporins, macrolides, and fluoroquinolones are remarkably safe and effective antimicrobial agents.
Ionization of N2O4 in contact with water: mechanism, time scales and atmospheric implications.

Ionization of N2O4 in and on thin water films on surfaces is believed to be a key step in the hydrolysis of NO2 which generates HONO, a significant precursor to the OH free radical in the lower atmosphere. Molecular dynamics simulations using “on the fly” high-level MP2 potentials are carried out for ONONO2·(H2O)n clusters, n ≤ 8, used to mimic the surface reaction, in order to investigate the ionization process and determine its time-scale and mechanism around room temperature. The results are (i) the isolated molecule does not convert to the NO+NO3− ion pair, even for long times; (ii) for ONONO2·(H2O)n with n = 1 and 2, ionization takes place in several picoseconds; (iii) for n ≥ 3, ionization is essentially immediate, implying that the neutral species does not have sufficient lifetime to be considered a significant intermediate in the reaction; and (iv) even at ice temperatures, T ≤ 250 K, ionization for n ≥ 3 is immediate. The implications for hydrolysis of oxides of nitrogen on surfaces in the atmosp...
COW: Conferencing on the Web

SUMMARY This article describes a Web-based social work practice course which provides instruction in text, sound, images, and video and allows students and faculty to communicate with each other asynchronistically.
Relationship Between Clinical Outcome Measures and Parent Proxy Reports of Health-related Quality of Life in Ambulatory Children with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

In Duchenne muscular dystrophy, data directly linking changes in clinical outcome measures to patient-perceived well-being are lacking. This study evaluated the relationship between clinical outcome measures used in clinical trials of ambulatory Duchenne muscular dystrophy (Vignos functional grade, quantitative knee extension strength, timed functional performance measures, and gait velocity) and 2 health-related quality of life measures--the Pediatric Outcomes Data Collection Instrument and Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory-in 52 ambulatory Duchenne muscular dystrophy subjects and 36 controls. Those with the disease showed significant decrements in parent proxy-reported health-related quality of life measures versus controls across all domains. The Pediatric Outcomes Data Collection Instrument transfers/basic mobility and sports/ physical function and the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory physical functioning domains had significant associations with age (and hence disease progression) and traditional clinical outcome measures employed in clinical trials of ambulatory boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Selected domains of the Pediatric Outcomes Data Collection Instrument and generic Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory are potential patient-reported outcome measures for clinical trials in ambulatory individuals with the disease.
Loculated Pneumoperitoneum Simulating Gas in the Bowel Wall

The radiographic appearance of intramural bowel gas can be simulated by extraserosal gas bubbles loculated within adhesions.
Dauberval's Le Siège de Cythère, 1791: A commentary and translation

Jean Georges Noverre's innovative theories of ballet en action, dramatic ballet forms that employed pantomime gesture alternated with ballet dance steps, are well known to dance historians from his Lettres sur la danse et les ballets. Nevertheless, it remains difficult to envision from his written descriptions what actual productions would have looked like on the stage. Considering the scarcity of sources that provide information about actual stage practices during that time, the discovery of a copy of Jean Bercher Dauberval's libretto for the dramatic ballet Le Siege de Cythere, to which its leading danseuse added detailed descriptions of the dances as well as information about rehearsal preparations, is of great significance. Dauberval was one of Noverre's favorite pupils, one of the few for whose choreographic genius Noverre unreservedly expressed admiration, and the discovery of this unique source makes it possible to gain insights into the working methods of this master choreographer. Dauberval's ballet La Fille mal gardee is one of two eighteenth-century ballets en action found-in one form or another-in current repertoire, and information concerning staging practices for an original production of any one of his ballets could conceivably be put to practical use.1 Reconstructors of late seventeenthand early eighteenth-century ballroom and theatrical dances are fortunate to be able to choose from
Gonadotropin specificity of in vitro testosterone secretion by fish testes.

Highly purified gonadotropin preparations from representatives of all four tetrapod classes and several fish were used to examine the specificity of in vitro testosterone production by minced testes from four species of teleost fish, representing three families and two orders. No consistent phylogenetic patterns emerged in either hormonal (FSHLH) or phylogenetic specificity in the steroidogenic response of the teleost testis. Testes of Gillichthys mirabilis (Family Gobiidae) were highly specific for all species of LH (FSHs were inactive) and they also showed a certain degree of species specificity; mammalian and amphibian LHs were much more potent than reptilian and avian LHs. In contrast, testes of Cichlasoma citrinellum and Sarotherodon mossambicus (Family Cichlidae) lacked gonadotropin specificity (most preparations of FSH and LH were about equipotent), and in C. citrinellum all species of tetrapod hormones were active within approximately the same dose range. Gonadotropins from the sturgeon (Chondrostei) were the most potent in both G. mirabilis and C. citrinellum. In Salmo gairdneri (Family Salmonidae) there was specificity for amphibian (bullforg) LH, but not for mammalian (ovine) LH. Steroid secretion by the fish testes was temperature dependent, but relative potencies of ovine LH, bullfrog LH, and sturgeon gonadotropin were not altered by incubation temperatures between 10 and 30° in G. mirabilis. As a group, the teleosts examined here differ from mammals, birds, and reptiles in their hormonal specificity (or consistent lack there of) for testicular androgen secretion; they most closely resemble the Amphibia in their high degree of interspecific variability in response to FSH and LH. The lack of predictability in this aspect of specificity as well as in species specificity in the potencies of individual types of hormones of different origins precludes generalizations about the evolutionary pattern of gonadotropin-testis interactions.
Real-time ultrasound elastography

Ultrasound elastography can provide tissue stiffness information that is complementary to the anatomy and blood flow information offered by conventional ultrasound machines, but it is computationally challenging due to many time-consuming modules and a large amount of data. To facilitate real-time implementations of ultrasound elastography, we have developed new methods that can significantly reduce the computational burden of common processing components in ultrasound elastography, such as the crosscorrelation analysis and spatial filtering applied to displacement and strain estimates. Using the new correlation-based search algorithm, the computational requirement of correlation-based search does not increase with the correlation window size. For typical parameters used in ultrasound elastography, the computation in correlation-based search can be reduced by a factor of more than 30. Median filtering is often performed to suppress the spike-like noise that results from correlation-based search. For fast median filtering, we have developed a method that efficiently finds a new median value utilizing the sort result of the previous pixel. With careful mapping of the new algorithms on digital signal processors, our work has led to development of a clinical ultrasound machine supporting real-time elastography. Our methods can help real-time implementations of various applications including ultrasound elastography, which could lead to increased use of ultrasound elastography in the clinic.
Quantum mechanics of inflation

We derive the Harrison-Zeldovich spectrum by perturbatively solving the Wheeller-DeWitt equations for an inflating universe coupled to a scalar field in 2 + 1 and 3 + 1 dimensions.
Evaluation of optical imaging and spectroscopy approaches for cardiac tissue depth assessment

NIR light scattering from ex vivo porcine cardiac tissue was investigated to understand how imaging or point measurement approaches may assist development of methods for tissue depth assessment. Our results indicate an increase of average image intensity as thickness increases up to approximately 2 mm. In a dual fiber spectroscopy configuration, sensitivity up to approximately 3 mm with an increase to 6 mm when spectral ratio between selected wavelengths was obtained. Preliminary Monte Carlo results provided reasonable fit to the experimental data.
Comorbid anxiety as a suicide risk factor among depressed veterans.

Background Depressive disorders greatly increase suicide risk, however little is known about the contribution of comorbid anxiety disorders or anxiety symptoms to the risk of suicide death among depressed patients. We examined whether depressed veterans with comorbid anxiety had higher risks of suicide death.
Lysosomal Enzymes of Cultured White Blood Cells in Cystic Fibrosis

SummaryWhite blood cells, mainly lymphocytes, in culture from patients with cystic fibrosis, showed a diminution of the activity of beta-glucuronidase. The mean activity of this enzyme in cystic fibrosis was 30% lower than in the controls at 5 days of culture and 35% lower than the controls at 7 days. Acid phosphatase activity in cystic fibrosis cultures was not significantly different from control cultures, while beta-acetylglucosaminase activity was significantly decreased in cystic fibrosis cultures of 7 days compared to control cultures.
Cellular and molecular determinants targeting the Caenorhabditis elegans PHR protein RPM-1 to perisynaptic regions.

C. elegans RPM-1 is a member of a conserved protein family, the PHR proteins, which includes human Pam, mouse Phr1, zebrafish Esrom, and Drosophila Highwire. PHR proteins play important roles in the development of the nervous system. In particular, mutations in rpm-1 cause a disruption of synaptic architecture, affecting the distribution of synaptic vesicles and the number of presynaptic densities. Using antibodies against RPM-1, we determined the localization of the endogenous RPM-1 protein in wild type and in several mutants that affect synaptic development. Our analyses show that in mature neurons, RPM-1 resides in a distinct region that is close to, but does not overlap with, the synaptic exo- and endo- cytosis domains. The localization of RPM-1 occurs independently of several proteins that function in the transport or assembly of synapse components, and its abundance is partially dependent on its binding partner the F-box protein FSN-1. RPM-1 has been shown to target the MAPKKK DLK-1 for degradation. We show that activated DLK-1 may be preferentially targeted for degradation. Furthermore, using transgene analysis we identified a critical role of the conserved PHR domain of RPM-1 in its subcellular localization.
Immune aspects of the breast tumor microenvironment.

SUMMARY The immune response in the tumor microenvironment is complex, consisting of cells from both the adaptive and innate immune systems. The phenotype and function of these cells are dictated by cytokines present in the microenvironment, as well as by the interactions of these cells with the tumor cells and each other. Technological advances have allowed investigators to better identify the specific immune cells present and immune-related gene signatures overexpressed in the tumor microenvironment. Increased knowledge of tumor immunology has allowed us to better understand how these cells and the developing tumor interact. Together, these advances have prompted the conduct of numerous studies investigating the prognostic and predictive significance of immune infiltrates.
Effect of myogenic stem cells on the integrity and histomorphology of repaired transected external anal sphincter

The objective was to evaluate the effect of myogenic stem cells on histological properties and the volume of striated muscle of the external anal sphincter after transection and repair. Histological analysis was performed on the external anal sphincters of 40 young female rats euthanized at 7 or 90 days after transection and repair and randomization to injection of either phosphate buffered solution (PBS) or myogenic stem cells (SC) at the transection site. Sphincter complexes, previously evaluated for neurophysiological function, were processed for histology and analyzed for possible disruption, amount of inflammation, and volume of striated muscle. The relationship between the muscular disruption and contractile force of sphincters was evaluated. Disruption was seen in 100 % of sphincters 7 days after repair for both SC and control animals. Eighty-nine percent of controls and 78 % of SC-administered animals had intact sphincters at 90 days. Significant inflammatory infiltrate was seen in repaired anal sphincters for both the PBS and the SC groups at 7 days, and persisted at 90 days, with no difference between treatment groups. Striated muscle volume increased from 7 to 90 days for both control and SC-administered animals. Although there was no difference in volume between treatments, there was substantial temporal improvement in contractile force generation of the sphincters receiving SC compared with those receiving PBS. In this animal model, administration of myogenic stem cells to transected/repaired anal sphincters did not alter the amount of inflammation nor the volume of striated muscle, suggesting that stem cells might improve contractile function through other cellular processes.
Microsatellite Repeat Variation Within the y1 Gene of Maize and Teosinte

We have sequenced a (CCA)n microsatellite-containing region of the y1 gene from 11 different lines of maize and 6 teosinte species, subspecies, or varieties. The (CCA)n microsatellite was found to vary in repeat number from 3 to 11. In addition, a pentanucleotide repeat adjacent to the trinucleotide microsatellite exhibits sequence and repeat number variation. Therefore, the (CCA)n microsatellite, as well as the sequence directly adjacent to it, exhibit variability in both maize and teosinte and could potentially serve as molecular markers in mapping or breeding studies.
Synthesis of CoCrFeO4 nanoparticles using microemulsion methods and size-dependent studies of their magnetic properties

Normal and reverse micelle microemulsion methods were used to synthesis single-phase CoCrFeO4 nanoparticles with a controlled size range of 6−16 nm and a size distribution of 14%. The size-dependent magnetic properties were characterized and found to agree well with Stoner−Wohlfarth theory. The results from nanoparticles prepared by the normal micelle and reverse micelle microemulsion methods were consistent with each other. The CoCrFeO4 nanoparticles did not display the types of anomalous magnetic properties reported for their bulk-phase material. Using CoCrFeO4 nanoparticles as precursors for the formation of a bulk sample resulted in a material that displayed an unusual susceptibility behavior but not the anomalous temperature-dependent hysteresis trend usually observed in conventional CoCrFeO4 bulk materials.
Estimates for Sums of Eigenvalues for Domains in Homogeneous Spaces

Abstract Let&0Hgr;⊆Mbe a bounded open subset of a homogeneous Riemannian manifold, and letσk=λ1+…+λkbe the sum of the firstkeigenvalues of the Dirichlet Laplacian on&0Hgr;, and similarlyσk=λ1+…+λkfor the Neumann Laplacian. We give bounds forσkandσkgeneralizing results of Li–Yau and Kroger in the caseM= R n. We prove a “generic theorem” which in the case of compactMsaysσk⩾p(&0Hgr;) Σ(k/p(&0Hgr;))⩾σkwherep(&0Hgr;)=|&0Hgr;|/|M| is the relative volume of&0Hgr;andΣ(x) is the eigenvalue sum function forM(interpolated linearly for non integer values). For noncompactMthe statement isσk⩾|&0Hgr;| Σ(k/|&0Hgr;|) whereΣis a renormalized eigenvalue sum function forM(defined using the spectral resolution ofΔonM). There are also estimates in the other direction of the same form with error terms. The same generic theorems hold for Laplacian onp-forms, and for subelliptic Laplacians on subRiemannian manifolds. To give life to such generic theorems it is necessary to compute theΣfunction for a variety of examples. For Euclideann-space,Σ(x)=(n/(n+2)) Cnx1+2/nwhereCnis the Weyl constant, so our generic result includes the known results. We discuss the computation ofΣfor spheres, hyperbolic spaces, noncompact symmetric spaces, and the Heisenberg groups.
Pulmonary edema following generalized tonic clonic seizures is directly associated with seizure duration.

Purpose Postictal pulmonary edema (PPE) is almost invariably present in human and animal cases of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) coming to autopsy. PPE may be a contributing factor in SUDEP. The incidence of postictal PPE is unknown. We retrospectively investigated PPE following generalized tonic clonic seizures (GTCS) in the epilepsy monitoring unit.
Lessons learned from a medication error.

It was a busy weekend in a large community hospital. A label for liposomal amphotericin B printed out with the batch of labels for other i.v. admixtures that needed to be prepared. The technician went to the shelf where both amphotericin B and liposomal amphotericin B were stored side by side. The
Major histocompatibility (B) complex control of the growth pattern of v-src DNA-induced primary tumors

Observations that the major histocompatibility (B) complex is a determinant of the growth pattern of Rous sarcoma virus (RSV)-induced tumors raised the question as to whether control is exerted at the level of a v-src-determined, i.e., transformation-specific, function. To investigate this point, the tumor size scores and tumor profile indices of v-src-induced tumors were compared in two lines of chickens congenic for B complex genotypes. The finding that the growth patterns of tumors, induced by v-src DNA inoculation at 6 weeks posthatch, differ in these two lines establishes that the B complex exerts control over tumor growth at the level of a v-src-determined function. The potential importance of this control, in terms of the naturally occurring case of an avian sarcoma virus infection, is suggested by the observation that the patterns of tumor growth in a given congenic line are similar whether the tumors are induced by v-src DNA or by RSV.
Estimation of plant available manganese in acidic subsoil horizons

Abstract General agreement does not exist as to the most appropriate method to estimate plant available Mn in soils. In the current investigation soil and soil solution Mn were measured in limed and unlimed treatments of 11 acidic subsoil horizons and related to plant Mn concentrations, Mn uptake and growth of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L. cv. Mt. Barker) and switchgrass (Panicum virgatum cv. Cave‐in‐Rock). Manganese measurements were taken at planting and harvest and included: Mn extracted by 1M NH4OAc (pH 7), 0.01M CaCl2, 0.05M CaCl2, 0.033M H3PO4, 0.005M DTPA, 0.2% hydroquinone in 1M NH4OAc (pH 7), 0.01M NH2 OH.HCl 4 2 in 0.01M HNO3, total soil solution Mn and concentrations and 2+ activities of Mn2+ calculated from the GEOCHEM program. Measured and calculated values of soil solution Mn generally gave the best correlations with subterranean clover and switchgrass Mn concentrations and Mn uptake. Root Mn concentrations were highly correlated with soil solution Mn measurements taken at h...
Cultural similarity and service leadership: a look at the cruise industry

Cultural diversity continues to be a pressing issue in managing service quality, particularly in the cruise industry. As a result of recent growth, many cruise lines recruit from as many as 100 different nations. The result is a truly multicultural environment in which supervisors and subordinates may maintain very different national and ethnic cultures. This study sampled 313 high customer contact cruise line managers and assessed whether similarity in national culture between service leaders and subordinates impacted perceived leadership style, goal clarity and organizational satisfaction. It was determined that employees who reported to managers from the same country reported higher levels of consideration behaviors on the part of their manager and higher overall organizational satisfaction. Based on these findings, recommendations are made for managing within the diverse service environment.
Exploiting MMS Vulnerabilities to Stealthily Exhaust Mobile Phone's Battery

As cellular data services and applications are being widely deployed, they become attractive targets for attackers, who could exploit unique vulnerabilities in cellular networks, mobile devices, and the interaction between cellular data networks and the Internet. In this paper, we demonstrate such an attack, which surreptitiously drains mobile devices' battery power up to 22 times faster and therefore could render these devices useless before the end of business hours. This attack targets a unique resource bottleneck in mobile devices (the battery power) by exploiting an insecure cellular data service (MMS) and the insecure interaction between cellular data networks and the Internet (PDP context retention and the paging channel). The attack proceeds in two stages. In the first stage, the attacker compiles a hit list of mobile devices ? including their cellular numbers, IP addresses, and model information ? by exploiting MMS notification messages. In the second stage, the attacker drains mobile devices' battery power by sending periodical UDP packets and exploiting PDP context retention and the paging channel. This attack is unique not only because it exploits vulnerable cellular services to target mobile devices but also because the victim mobile users are unaware when their batteries are being drained. Furthermore, we identify two key vulnerable components in cellular networks and propose mitigation strategies for protecting cellular devices from such attacks from the Internet.
SU‐GG‐T‐463: Validity of Inhomogeneity Correction in Small Felds Used in CyberKnife

Purpose: With simultaneous imaging and tracking target during treatment, CyberKnife has created a niche for the treatment of lungcancer.Dosimetry in small field is challenging that becomes extremely uncertain with low‐Z inhomogeneities. This study is undertaken to dosimetrically evaluate the accuracy of CyberKnife treatment planning for lung treatment. Method and Materials: A lung phantom made out of cork (ρ=0.25 g/cm3) sheet and solid water was used. Gold fiducial markers were placed on the cork slab at different depths for tracking. Three set of scans (depending on the depth of measurements) were acquired that was used for planning using Multiplan version 2.0.5 of the CyberKnife. For each cone, treatment plans were generated with a single beam (QA mode) to deliver 200 cGy to 100% isodose line to the micro‐detector that was chosen as the target. Under image guidance calculated MUs were delivered and the detector readings were converted to dose. Results: The differences between measured and calculated dose at shallower depths and small cones were significantly large (−120%). The differences reduced as the cone size increased. At deeper depths the measured and calculated dose agreed relatively better. However the disagreement was still large (20%). For all depths, the disagreements between measured and calculated dose plateau for cones >2 cm. Such large differences indicate that advance Monte Carlo based algorithm for inhomogeneity correction should be incorporated in treatment planning.Conclusion: It is concluded that Multiplan does not provide accurate dose calculation with inhomogeneities. The range of errors are from −120% to +20% in small fields. Additional investigation is needed to validate these finding with different detectors with known perturbations such as film, and diodes. This study provides a window in the problem of the dosimetry in small fields and has significant clinical implication for the treatment of lungcancer with CyberKnife.
An O(nm) algorithm for a special case of the multimedian location problem on a tree

Abstract The multimedian location problem on a connected network G is concerned with locating m new facilities on the network. The network G has one existing facility (customer) at each of the n nodes of G. The objective is to locate the new facilities so as to minimize total cost, which is the sum of a) weighted distances between pairs of new and existing facilities and b) weighted distances between certain pairs of new facilities. We show that this problem can be solved in O(nm) when G is a tree and the set of pairs of new facilities which interact has special structure.
Case Studies in Material Rhetoric: Joseph Priestley and Gilbert Austin

This essay offers “material rhetoric” as a new addition to the usual list of categories used to describe rhetoric in the eighteenth century (neoclassical, belletristic, elocutionary, epistemological/psychological) by examining the material elements of treatises written by Joseph Priestley and Gilbert Austin. Those material elements—namely heat, passion, and impression—are tracked through Priestley and Austin9s scientific writings, thereby positioning their particular strains of material rhetoric as legacies of philosophical chemistry.
Falling through the cracks: A review of psychological distress and psychosocial service needs in older Black and Hispanic patients with cancer

Abstract The U.S. population is growing older and becoming more ethnically diverse. Cancer is a disease of the elderly: 61% of cancer diagnoses and 70% of cancer deaths occur in patients above the age of 65. By 2050 there is an expected 99% increase in incidence of cancer in the ethnically diverse population; older ethnically diverse cancer patients will carry 28% of all cancer diagnoses. Among older patients with cancer, 41% experience emotional distress throughout the course of their illness; certain ethnic minority subpopulations may be at greater risk for high levels of distress. Older ethnically diverse cancer patients are significantly underrepresented in the psychosocial oncology literature. In an effort to highlight this gap in the psychosocial oncology literature, we conducted a systematic review of the literature on psychological distress in the geriatric oncology population, ethnic minority oncology populations namely, Blacks and Hispanics. The psychosocial barriers, protective factors and service needs in these populations are reviewed, and the relationship between needs and distress are discussed. It is apparent there is a lack of research aimed at older Black and Hispanic cancer patients; the prevalence and nature of psychological distress and psychosocial needs in this population are unknown. Future research is needed in this understudied area to document the basic information regarding the prevalence and nature of psychological distress in this population.
A profile of communication faculty needs in business schools and colleges

This article reports the results of a survey of business school administrators about communication course practices and preferences. We divided respondents into three categories for data analyses: top 100, other accredited, and nonaccredited schools. We found that most business schools offer undergraduate business communication courses, and management departments are the primary source for communication courses in business schools. Most business schools also require courses from communication and English departments. A high percentage of top 100 schools require graduate communication courses, and a correspondingly high percentage hire graduate communication faculty. On the other hand, nonaccredited schools more often offer undergraduate communication courses and hire undergraduate faculty. Business schools prefer to hire communication faculty with expertise in areas such as management, organizational communication, interpersonal and small group communication, and business education. They also expect them ...
Optical Constants of Metal-Ammonia Solutions

An ellipsometric technique has been used to determine the optical constants of sodium-, lithium-, and calcium-ammonia solutions between 0.6 and 2.3 eV in the temperature range of 213 to 233 K. The sodium-ammonia data span the range of the metal-nonmetal transition. The alkali metal solutions of concentration $x\ensuremath{\ge}8$ mole percent metal (MPM) are clearly free-electronlike, whereas, the solutions of concentration \ensuremath{\le} 4 MPM strongly indicate the presence of the solvated electron. In the intermediate concentration range ($4lxl8$ MPM), the solutions are undergoing the metal-nonmetal transition; and the species governing the optical properties cannot be unambiguously determined, but probably involve both bound and free electrons. The temperature dependence of the optical constants of concentrated ($x\ensuremath{\ge}6$ MPM) alkali metal-ammonia solutions was found to be negligibly small, while that of less concentrated solutions was consistent with that observed in the dilute alkali metal solutions. Concentrated solutions of calcium in ammonia (g6 MPM) deviated considerably from the Drude model but still appeared to be free-electronlike, as evidenced by the lack of structure in the absorption. They differed somewhat from the alkali metal solutions of similar electron concentration.
Cimetidine decreases aspirin‐induced gastric mucosal damage in humans

Aspirin induces gastric mucosal damage in animals and humans. The purpose of this study was to examine whether cimetidine protects the human gastric mucosa from acute aspirin-induced damage. Eight healthy subjects were studied on 4 separate days. Cimetidine, 400 mg, or placebo was given orally 1 hour before initial endoscopy. The stomach was isolated and atropine given to suppress basal acid secretion. Each study consisted of four 15 min periods during which an acidic test solution was instilled into the stomach. During the second period only, either aspirin (1300 mg, 36 mmol) or control for aspirin (36 mmol HCl) was added to the test solution. Ion fluxes and gastric mucosal potential difference were measured, and endoscopy performed following each test. After placebo, aspirin significantly altered hydrogen ion flux and potential difference versus basal and control. Cimetidine decreased the damaging effect of aspirin. Endoscopic scores increased after aspirin plus placebo, whereas they remained unchanged after aspirin plus cimetidine. Therefore, cimetidine decreased aspirin-induced gastric mucosal damage in humans. As gastric acidity was identical during all studies, the effect of cimetidine was independent of gastric acid secretion.
Psychology of the Scientist: LXXIX. Visibility of Psychological Research and the Fickleness of Audiences: A Case Study

An analysis of citations shows that the “visibility” of a productive experimental psychologist (Isidore Gormezano of the University of Iowa) differed substantially across four different “audiences.” These audiences were literature-users whose citations to his work were identified in the following sources: classical-conditioning chapters in psychology-of-learning textbooks; instrumental/operant-conditioning chapters in the same; publications scanned by the Social Science Citation Index; and those scanned by the Science Citation Index. Aspects of this audience-specific visibility are described and then are discussed in regard to the presumptive unitariness of scholarly reputation.
Circadian variation in the levels of red pigment-dispersing hormone and 5-hydroxytryptamine in the eyestalks of the fiddler crab, Uca pugilator

1. Circadian variations in the levels of red pigment-dispersing hormone (RPDH) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in the eyestalks of the fiddler crab, Uca pugilator, were found. 2. 5-HT in whole eyestalks peaked at midnight and was at a minimum at 1800 hr. 3. RPDH both in whole eyestalks and in sinus glands alone taken the eyestalks attained maximum level at 0600 hr and was at a minimum at 1800 hr. The minimum RPDH level in the optic ganglion alone from the eyestalks was also at 1800 hr but the peak RPDH level in the optic ganglia occured at midnight. 4. The possible role of 5-HT in controlling release of RPDH is discussed.
Embolization techniques for high-flow arteriovenous malformations with a dominant outflow vein.

Objective The aim of this study was to assess the management and outcomes of arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) with a dominant outflow vein (DOV) treated with retrograde venous embolization. Methods A retrospective review was performed from November 2010 to May 2014 on all patients with a high-flow AVM and associated DOV who underwent transvenous embolization of the DOV. Indications, techniques, complications, and outcomes were reviewed. Results Fourteen patients (five male; 36%) underwent transvenous embolization of high-flow AVMs with a DOV. Median age was 41.6 years (15.7-65.8 years). The AVM was located on an extremity in eight patients (57%) and in the pelvis in six patients (43%). The indication for the procedure was pain in 11 patients (79%), swelling in 3 patients (21%), a nonhealing wound in 1 patient (7%), and impotence in 1 patient (7%). The median number of prior procedures to treat the AVM was 2.5 (0-13). Transvenous embolization with coils was performed in 13 patients (93%). The Amplatzer vascular plug and Amplatzer septal occluder (St. Jude Medical, St. Paul, Minn) were used in four patients (29%). Concurrent percutaneous puncture embolization of the AVM nidus was used in seven patients (50%) and transcatheter arterial embolization in eight patients (57%). Technical angiographic success was seen in all patients. Five patients (36%) experienced a complete response to treatment, whereas eight (57%) experienced a partial response. Seven patients (50%) required further procedures for residual symptoms. Conclusions AVMs with a DOV can be successfully treated by a transvenous approach. Percutaneous puncture embolization of the nidus or draining vein and transcatheter arterial embolization may assist in reducing flow.