cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Electrophoretic patterns of blood sera in poliomyelitis and Guillain-Barré's disease (encephalomyeloradiculitis)

Summary 1. Electrophoretic study was made of the blood sera of 4 “normal” children,23 cases of poliomyelitis, 5 cases of Guillain-Barre's disease (encephalomyeloradiculitis), 1 case of pseudohypertrophic progressive muscular dystrophy, and 1 case of paralysis of unknown etiology. 2. All of the electrophoretic patterns of the sera of the “normal” childrenagreed well with those in the literature for adults. 3. All of the cases of poliomyelitis, with a single exception, showed definite abnormalities in the beta disturbance, although the time from onset of illness ranged from 6 days to 22 years. 4. In one case of poliomyelitis no abnormality in the beta disturbance was noted at the eighth day of illness but there was a definite abnormalitiy at the nineteenth day. 5. In 2 cases of poliomyelitis there was a definite decrease in the abnormalityof the beta disturbance after periods of ninety-seven days and two hundred and twenty-four days had elapsed following the first determination. 6. The electrophoretic patterns of the sera of patients with Guillain-Barre'sdisease (encephalomyeloradiculitis) did not differ appreciably from those of patients with poliomyelitis. 7. Electrophoretic patterns of the serum of the one patient with pseudohypertrophicprogressive muscular dystrophy and of the one patient with paralysis of unknown etiology were within normal limits. 8. Calculations of the proportions of the various electrophoretic components present did not reveal any consistent differences between the normal and the pathologic sera studied.
Cover Picture: How many mechanisms do regulatory T cells need? – Eur. J. Immunol. 4/2008

The cover picture has been specifically designed to introduce the first viewpoint series to be published in the European Journal of Immunology. The image combines a picture of a set of scales with a schematic picture of the Treg arsenal, depicting the different cell types influenced by Treg and underlining the crucial role that Treg play in immune regulation. The image is based on a figure in the article by Dario Vignali (pp. 908–911) in which the author discusses the effector functions of Treg and the potential mechanisms involved; this is also the theme of the related article by Cohen et al. (pp.903–907).
Class E/sup 2/ narrow-band resonant DC/DC converters

A family of seven class E/sup 2/, narrowband, high-frequency, high-efficiency, resonant DC/DC converters is introduced, and an experimental example is given. Class E zero-voltage-switching operation of both the inverter and rectifier components is maintained for loads ranging from a full load to an open circuit, significantly reducing switching losses and yielding high efficiency at high frequencies. Because of a high loaded quality factor Q, the current in a resonant circuit is sinusoidal and the output voltage is very sensitive to the operating frequency. Therefore, narrowband FM control of the output voltage is achieved as the load varies from a full load to an open circuit. The measured frequency range Delta f/f/sub min/ was only 20.9% for load resistance from 30 Omega to infinity. The circuits have high power density and fast dynamic response, produce low electromagnetic interference (EMI) and noise, and operate safely with a short circuit at the output. The relationship between pulse width-modulated (PWM) converters and resonant converters is shown. The class E/sup 2/ converters are especially suitable for applications in measurement instrumentation. >
The kinetics and morphology of polyethylene solution crystallization

An experimental study has been carried out on the crystallization kinetics and morphology of two high molecular weight polyethylene fractions in 0.1 wt% xylene solutions. Transformation data for the kinetics were taken dilatometrically over a range of temperatures, and Avrami plots for the higher molecular weight fraction (Mw = 3 × 106) show a change in slope from n = 3 at low undercoolings to n = 4 at higher undercoolings. Slopes of 4 resulted for the lower molecular weight fraction (3.8 × 105) over the entire temperature range studied. Analysis of the crystals by optical and electron microscopy and hot stage demonstrated that the growth morphology is three-dimensional and remains the same for both fractions over the temperature ranges used in the dilatometric experiments. Analysis of the transformation data in terms of both the Avrami equation and molecular nucleation and growth models demonstrated that nucleation is heterogeneous, varying between instantaneous and sporadic depending on the molecular weight and undercooling, and adequately described in the latter cases by either three dimensional or monolayer heterogeneous formation. Values for the end surface energies could be conveniently analysed in terms of the Hoffman-type regimes for chain folded crystallization and the discussion suggests that nucleation may be resulting from regions of entangled clusters of the macromolecules.
Fast neutron activation analysis at Texas A&M University

Fast neutron generators are used at Texas A & M University to provide a supply of high energy neutrons for nuclear analytical measurements. A series of neutron activation analysis procedures have been developed for determining various major, minor and trace constituents in a variety of materials. These procedures are primarily developed to compliment our reactor based NAA program, thereby expanding the list of determinable elements to include those difficult or impossible to measure using thermal neutrons. A few typical methods are discussed. The unique implementation of the methodologies at Texas A & M are explained.
Predicting Conversion to Alzheimer Disease Using Standardized Clinical Information

Objective To identify aspects of a standardized clinical assessment that can predict which individuals within the category of "questionable" Alzheimer disease (AD) have a high likelihood of converting to AD over time. Design Detailed semistructured interviews were performed at baseline and annually for 3 years. Setting University-based gerontology research program. Patients The patient population consisted of 165 individuals 65 years and older: 42 of the participants had a Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) of normal cognition (CDR rating, 0.0) and 123 had a rating of questionable AD (CDR rating, 0.5). After 3 years of follow-up, 23 of the 123 subjects with questionable AD were diagnosed with probable AD. Main Outcome Measures The interview was used to generate a summary measure based on the sum of 6 CDR categories, known as the Total Box Score. The responses to 32 selected questions from the interview also were examined. Results Likelihood of progression to AD during the follow-up period was strongly related to the Total Box Score. For example, more than 50% of individuals with a Total Box Score of 2.0 or higher at baseline developed AD during the follow-up interval, whereas about 10% of individuals with a Total Box Score of 1.0 or lower developed AD during this same period. Selected questions from the standardized clinical interview also were highly predictive of subsequent conversion to AD among the study population. Eight selected questions from the clinical interview at baseline, combined with the CDR Total Box Score, identified 88.6% of such individuals accurately (questionable group, 82/91; converter group, 19/23). Conclusions A standardized clinical assessment can be used to identify the subgroup of individuals within the category of questionable AD who have a high likelihood of converting to AD over time. Subjects who met the criteria for questionable AD had a variety of trajectories during a 3-year follow-up, suggesting that diverse factors may influence the functional changes observed in this population.
A posteriori error indicators for the p-version of the finite element method

The existence of local a posteriori error indicators for the p-version of the finite element method is demonstrated through numerical examples. It is shown that it is possible to construct reliable error indicators from the residuums and tractions which have the same rate of convergence as the strain energy. The error indicators contribution of an element can be estimated by considering only the element and its immediate neighbors. The optimal sequence of p-distributions can be closely followed by the indicators even when there are only a very few elements, the elements vary greatly in size, the polynomial orders vary, the mesh grading is poor, and the smoothness indices and relative errors vary between wide limits.
Depletion of epinephrine in rat hypothalamus by Ro 4-1284: influence of pargyline and harmaline.

Abstract Ro 4-1284, 2-ethyl-2,3,4,6,7,11b-hexahydro-3 isobutyl-9,10-dimethoxy-2H-benzo[a] quinolizin-2-ol hydrochloride, depleted epinephrine and norepinephrine in rat hypothalamus; the depletion occurred within 1 hr and persisted at 24 hr. The rapid lowering of epinephrine by Ro 4-1284 was antagonized by pargyline, a monoamine oxidase inhibitor, which alone elevated epinephrine concentration. The ability of pargyline to antagonize epinephrine depletion by Ro 4-1284 was prevented by co-treatment with harmaline, which protects against type A but not type B monoamine oxidase inhibition by pargyline. Pargyline also antagonized the Ro 4-1284-induced depletion of norepinephrine in hypothalamus and of norepinephrine and dopamine in cerebral hemispheres, and these effects ofpargyline were also prevented by co-treatment with harmaline. The results suggest that epinephrine in rat brain, like norepinephrine and dopamine, is destroyed primarily by type A monoamine oxidase.
The changes in locomotor rhythms of Microtus montanus infected with trypanosoma gambiense

Abstract Mcrotus montanus chronically infected with Trypanosoma gambiense show changes in locomotor activity rhythms. In addition, large numbers of trypanosomes have been detected in the brain of Microtus. It is suggested that the altered activity rhythms, which are presumably caused by the presence of the trypanosomes, denote true neurological disturbances. The possible value of this model system in studies on locomotor rhythms and African trypanosomiasis is discussed.
Photon-Counting Multikilohertz Microlaser Altimeters for Airborne and Spaceborne Topographic Measurements

We consider the optimum design of photon-counting microlaser altimeters operating from airborne and spaceborne platforms under both day and night conditions. Extremely compact Q-switched microlaser transmitters produce trains of low energy pulses at multi-kHz rates and can easily generate subnanosecond pulse-widths for precise ranging. To guide the design, we have modeled the solar noise background and developed simple algorithms, based on Post-Detection Poisson Filtering (PDPF), to optimally extract the weak altimeter signal from a high noise background during daytime operations. Practical technology issues, such as detector and/or receiver dead times, have also been considered in the analysis. We describe an airborne prototype, being developed under NASA's instrument Incubator Program, which is designed to operate at a 10 kHz rate from aircraft cruise altitudes up to 12 km with laser pulse energies on the order of a few microjoules. We also analyze a compact and power efficient system designed to operate from Mars orbit at an altitude of 300 km and sample the Martian surface at rates up to 4.3 kHz using a 1 watt laser transmitter and an 18 cm telescope. This yields a Power-Aperture Product of 0.24 W-square meter, corresponding to a value almost 4 times smaller than the Mars Orbiting Laser Altimeter (0. 88W-square meter), yet the sampling rate is roughly 400 times greater (4 kHz vs 10 Hz) Relative to conventional high power laser altimeters, advantages of photon-counting laser altimeters include: (1) a more efficient use of available laser photons providing up to two orders of magnitude greater surface sampling rates for a given laser power-telescope aperture product; (2) a simultaneous two order of magnitude reduction in the volume, cost and weight of the telescope system; (3) the unique ability to spatially resolve the source of the surface return in a photon counting mode through the use of pixellated or imaging detectors; and (4) improved vertical and transverse spatial resolution resulting from both (1) and (3). Furthermore, because of significantly lower laser pulse energies, the microaltimeter is inherently more eyesafe to observers on the ground and less prone to internal optical damage, which can terminate a space mission prematurely.
Possible Reproductive Factors Contributing to Outcrossing in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

Abstract Several peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) breeding lines in the Florida program were highly variable even after constitution from single plant selections after 21 generations of assumed self-pollination. To assess potential causes of this variability a 3-yr study was conducted to determine outcrossing using Krinkle as a genetic marker. There was a significant year by genotype interaction in this study. Two breeding lines with Virginia botanical types averaged almost 1.5% outcrossing, and in 1990 more than 3% of the progeny from these lines were the result of outcrossing. The breeding line Valencia 803 averaged nearly 8% outcrossing, and a second Valencia type, F623, averaged over 4%. The differences in outcrossing among these four lines did not appear to be related to floral morphology, pollen viability, or stigma receptivity, although delayed anther dehiscence may have contributed to the higher outcrossing in Valencia 803.
Interactions of Arsine with Nanoporous Carbons: Role of Heteroatoms in the Oxidation Process at Ambient Conditions

Two carbons obtained from polymers containing no ash and commercial wood based carbons, as received and modified with nitrogen, were tested as adsorbents of arsine in dynamic conditions at room temperature. The chemical and structural features of the initial and exhausted carbons were analyzed by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analyses, adsorption of nitrogen, and sorption of water. It was found that heteroatoms present on the surface of the carbons studied, namely oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur, catalyze arsine oxidation mainly to arsenic tri- and pentoxide and/or in the formation of arsenic sulfides. When the surface has a high degree of hydrophilicity and water is present in the system it blocks these active centers resulting in the negligible arsine removal capacity. On the other hand, on a relatively hydrophobic surface with active nitrogen species arsine is adsorbed and oxidized to ars...
scientific results of experiments in space

This paper presents a brief summary of the scientific results obtained to this date with artificial satellites and deep-space probes (see Tables I, II, III, and IV). Included in this report are a few results obtained with sounding rockets, insofar as they pertain to problems also being investigated with space vehicles. However, no attempt will be made to give equal or extensive coverage to all fields of space science. Also, Russian literature on these problems has not been reviewed as thoroughly as has American literature.
Integration information systems using an object-oriented approach

With ever-increasing amounts of information being stored on computers, there is a growing demand for systems that will support convenient access to information that is distributed over multiple information systems. In this paper we describe a system called KOPERNIK * , which uses an object-oriented approach to define partly integrated views of a collection of autonomous information bases. These views, as well as multi-information-base queries, are described using a language-independent meta-model
Age-Related Changes in Specific Glucocorticoid Binding by Steroid-Responsive Tissues of Rats

Scatchard analyses demonstrate that at least three types of specific glucocorticoid binding occur in rat liver, epididymal fat pad, prostate, skeletal muscle and brain cerebral hemisphere cytosols in vitro. “Low” affinity (K ∼ 10− 10–810−9) cortisol binding appears to reflect at least partial plasma contamination, while “high” affinity (K ∼ 10–9–10–10) cortisol and dexamethasone binding occur at some common cytoplasmic sites. Numbers of specific “high” affinity glucocorticoid-binding sites in muscle, brain and epididymal fat pad appear to decrease progressively per unit weight and per unit protein, from sexual maturity at 2– months to at least 25 months of age. Prostate glands also decrease in this parameter between 13 and 25 months, but along with liver increase between sexual maturity and 13 months. Age-related glucocorticoid binding differences seem to reflect quantitative and/or qualitative changes in cytosol macromolecules since removal of small organic molecules prior to assessment of binding does n...
Validation of Neoraputia (Galipeae, Rutaceae) and description of two new species from Eastern Brazil

The name Neoraputia was published without citation of the type, making it and the names of the four species transferred to it invalid. The genus name and combinations are validated here. Lectotypes are chosen for the basionyms, Aruba alba, Raputia magnifica, R. paraensis, and Raputia trifoliata. Two new species, Neoraputia micrantha and N. calliantha, from forests of eastern Bahia, Brazil, are described.
Secure sharing of location information over Ad hoc networks: an application of secure multicast

In this paper we address the problem of secure multicast of data streams over a multihop wireless ad hoc network. We propose a key management protocol that aims at solving problems that are specific to ad hoc networks such as mobility, unreliable links, and multihop communication cost. The main idea is to have group members actively participate to the multicast group security therefore reducing the communication and computation load on the source. We also extend the proposed basic secure multicast tree using multi-link capability combined with a k-out-of-N coding approac. Since the group security is distributed among the group members we propose a service right certificate to verify that a node is authorized to join the group and also corresponding revocation mechanism. We simulated our protocol within the ns-2 environment under various mobility, group size, and group dynamic scenarios. Our preliminary simulation results indicate that the communication cost and join delay of the protocol scale well when the group size and nodes mobility increase.
Job Satisfaction of Employees at a Christian University.

As part of this quantitative study, a survey questionnaire was mailed out to 835 university employees to measure levels of overall, intrinsic, and extrinsic job satisfaction. The survey included items of the Professional Satisfaction Scale, an instrument developed according to Herzberg's two-factor theory. Responses were measured on a 5-point Likert-type scale in addition to five demographic items. Data were statistically analyzed by using descriptive statistics and analysis of variance. University employees showed moderate levels of job satisfaction, and were most satisfied with their relationships with students and peers. The lowest levels of satisfaction were found with salaries as well as organizational policy and administration. This study revealed that demographic factors, such as occupation, age, and educational level significantly influenced job satisfaction.
Conducting an Analysis of Georgia’s Economic Development Tax Incentive Program:

Georgia’s principal state-level economic development tax incentive program has been a set of income tax credits known as Georgia’s BEST program. Shortly after taking office in January 1999, Governor Barnes requested a study of BEST that would serve as the basis for recommending changes to it. An extensive review and evaluation of all aspects of BEST was conducted, including the effect of job tax credits on job creation. The authors found that most eligible firms did not participate in BEST, that the job tax credit created jobs, and that there were many problems with the structure of BEST. Numerous changes were proposed that were intended to better target the tax credits and to address development objectives beyond just job creation. Many of the authors’ recommendations were taken by the governor and effected statutory changes to BEST. Based on lessons that were learned or reinforced, 10 recommendations for others involved in similar projects are presented.
Extended Storage of Quail, Chicken, and Turkey Eggs 2. Embryonic Abnormalities and the Inheritance of Twinning in Quail

Abstract INTRODUCTION EXTENDED pre-incubation storage of fertilized eggs has long been known to cause retarded growth and abnormal development of embryos (Landauer, 1967; review). Only few studies have dealt specifically with the relationship between storage age of hatching eggs and twinning. Arora and Kosin (1966) found more embryos with duplications in stored than in fresh chicken and turkey eggs, while Homma and Jinno (1968) failed to confirm this for Japanese quail. No reports, to our knowledge, consider monovular avian twins to be of other than environmental origin. This report investigates some of the most frequent morphological abnormalities encountered in stored quail, chicken, and turkey eggs. It attempts to demonstrate a genetic basis for twinning in Japanese quail. MATERIALS AND METHODS The source of data is the same as in the first report of this series (Sittmann et al., 1971). The Japanese quail used in this study included non-inbred, i.e. control, parents…
Thoracotomy as adjuvant to chemotherapy in metastatic osteogenic sarcoma

This is a review of the experience at Memorial Hospital using chemotherapy combined with surgical excision for control of pulmonary metastases in osteogenic sarcoma. Effective multiple drug chemotherapy was able to control small deposits of osteogenic sarcoma in the lung, making surgical resection of residual visible nodules worthwhile. Surgical resection was most successful for solitary nodules or where multiple nodules were shrunk or at least prevented from growing by chemotherapy. Eight percent of these patients with pulmonary metastases initially or subsequently showed bilateral lung disease. When two or more nodules were found at th oracotomy, they were never confined to one lobe. For these reasons, wedge resections or segmental resections were the most commonly indicated procedures. Results justify an aggressive surgical approach to these lesions including multiple wedge resections of all lesions found at thoracotomy, chest wall resection and multiple bilateral thoracotomies. Chemotherapy alone cannot be expected to cure metastatic osteogenic sarcoma of the lung, but combined with surgical resection of residual disease the results are encouraging.
Child Abuse: An Interactional Event, by Alfred Kadushin and Judith A. Martin with the Assistance of James McGloin. Columbia University Press, New York, 1981. $25.00 Cloth. 304 Pp.

(1982). Child Abuse: An Interactional Event, by Alfred Kadushin and Judith A. Martin with the Assistance of James McGloin. Columbia University Press, New York, 1981. $25.00 Cloth. 304 Pp. Journal of Education for Social Work: Vol. 18, No. 3, pp. 119-120.
Antigen responsiveness of an established human B-lymphoid cell line II. Loss of Candida antigen responsiveness following exposure of cells to specific anti-human immunoglobulin antisera

Abstract PGLC-33H, a human B-lymphoid cell line, has demonstrated responsiveness to a soluble crude yeast antigen (CaAg), by the direct migration inhibition assay. Complete loss of CaAg responsiveness in PGLC-33H cells is detected following cocultivation of cells with anti-human μ chain antiserum and to a lesser extent with antihuman κ chain antiserum. Exposure of cells to other anti-human heavy and light chain antisera had no effect on CaAg responsiveness of the PGLC-33H cells. Following a 20-min exposure to anti-human μ chain antiserum at 37°C, but not at 0°C, PGLC-33H cells lost CaAg responsiveness. Regeneration of CaAg responsiveness is detectable within 24 hr in cells maintained at 37°C. These results suggest that the μ heavy chain and to a lesser extent the κ light chain or structures closely associated with these molecules are the CaAg membrane receptors on PGLC-33H cells.
Effects of ethanol, heat, and lipid treatment of soybean meal on nitrogen utilization by ruminants.

Ruminant nitrogen utilization of soybean meal treated with 1) 70% ethanol at 23 or 78°C, 2) 10% coconut oil or tallow, or 3) a combination of 70% ethanol at 78°C and coconut oil or tallow was evaluated. Nitrogen solubility was lowest for soybean meal treated with ethanol at 78°C, ethanol plus coconut oil and ethanol plus tallow. In situ nitrogen disappearance was lowest for soybean meal treated with ethanol at 78°C, ethanol plus coconut oil, and ethanol plus tallow. Rates of nitrogen disappearance between 3 and 12 h were lowest for soybean meal treated with ethanol at 78°C, ethanol plus coconut oil, and ethanol plus tallow. Nitrogen retained by lambs was greater for lambs fed soybean meal treated with ethanol at 78°C than for those fed untreated soybean meal. Ruminal ammonia 4 h postfeeding was lowest for lambs fed soybean meal treated with ethanol at 78°C, ethanol plus coconut oil, and coconut oil. These data indicate that the 78°C ethanol treatment improved nitrogen utilization.
Relationship of neurocognitive deficits to diagnosis and symptoms across affective and non-affective psychoses.

Abstract Introduction Neurocognitive dysfunction is believed to be a core feature of schizophrenia and is increasingly recognized as a common symptom dimension in bipolar disorder. Despite a copious literature on neurocognition in these disorders, the relationship amongst neurocognition, symptoms, and diagnosis remains unclear. We examined neurocognitive functioning in a cross-diagnostic sample of patients with psychotic disorders. Based on previous findings, it was hypothesized that neurocognitive functioning would be impaired in all three patient groups, and that groups would be similarly impaired on all neuropsychological measures. Additionally, we predicted that negative symptoms but not positive, general, or mood symptoms, would be associated with neurocognitive functioning. Method Neurocognitive functioning and symptoms were assessed in participants with schizophrenia ( n = 25), schizoaffective disorder ( n = 29), or bipolar disorder with psychosis ( n = 31), and in healthy controls ( n = 20). Results Neurocognitive functioning was significantly impaired in all patient groups, and groups did not differ by diagnosis on most measures. A series of linear regressions revealed that negative symptoms (but no other clinical symptom) predicted poorer executive functioning across groups. Diagnosis was not a significant predictor of any neurocognitive variable. Discussion Neurocognitive deficits were pronounced in this cross-diagnostic sample of patients with psychotic disorders, and did not differ by diagnosis. Neurocognitive dysfunction may represent a symptom dimension that spans diagnostic categories, and may reflect shared pathogenic processes. As neurocognitive dysfunction is among the strongest predictors of outcome in patients, efforts to treat these deficits, which have shown promise in schizophrenia, should be extended to all patients with psychosis.
Aquaporin 5 polymorphisms and rate of lung function decline in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Rationale Aquaporin-5 (AQP5) can cause mucus overproduction and lower lung function. Genetic variants in the AQP5 gene might be associated with rate of lung function decline in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
The response of bonner spheres to neutrons from thermal energies to 17.3 MeV

Abstract Neutron responses for Bonner spheres to 17.3 MeV have been calculated with the neutron cross-section library of DLC-41/VITAMIN-C using an adjoint transport technique. The calculations were performed for both 4 mm × 4 mm O and 12.7 mm × 12.7 mm O Lil detectors and for these detectors placed inside 5.08, 7.62, 12.7, 20.32, 25.40, 30.48, 38.10 and 45.72 cm diameter moderating spheres composed of 0.95 g/cm 3 polyethylene. The effects of wrapping the bare detectors and the 5.08, 7.62 and 12.7 cm diameter spheres with 0.762 mm of cadmium were explicitly calculated and found to increase the sensitivity of these detection systems above 1.0 MeV. The newly calculated responses are compared to other frequently used Bonner spectrometer responses.
Intermediate-scale, semicontinuous solid-phase fermentation process for production of fuel ethanol from sweet sorghum.

A novel, semicontinuous solid-phase fermentation system was used to produce fuel ethanol from sweet sorghum. The process was at an intermediate scale. In the process, dried and shredded sweet sorghum was rehydrated to 70% moisture, acidified to pH 2.0 to 3.0, and either pasteurized (12 h at 70 to 80°C) or not pasteurized before spray inoculation with a broth culture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Fermented pulp exited the semicontinuous fermentor after a retention time of 72 h and contained approximately 6% (vol/vol) ethanol. Ethanol yields from dry sweet sorghum were 176 to 179 liters/103 kg (85% of theoretical). Production costs for a greatly scaled-up (×1,400) conceptual version of this system were projected by calculation to average $0.47/liter for 95% ethanol. The calculated energy balance (energy output/energy input ratio) was estimated to be 1.05 when pasteurization was included and 1.31 when pasteurization was omitted. In calculating the energy balances, the output energy of the protein feed byproduct and the input energy for growing the sweet sorghum were not considered. A design for the scaled-up plant (farm scale) is provided.
Posttransplantation Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura: A Single-Center Experience and a Contemporary Review

Objective To assess the activity of von Willebrand factor-cleaving protease (vWF-CP) in patients with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) complicating bone marrow transplantation (BMT) and peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT). Patients and Methods From March 1, 1999, to June 30, 2001, allogeneic and autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation was performed in 118 and 400 patients, respectively. We reviewed risk factors for development of posttransplantation TTP and measured vWF-CP activity during active TTP in 10 recipients. Results The incidence of TTP after allogeneic and autologous transplantation was 6.8% (8/118) and 0.25% (1/400), respectively. Among the allogeneic transplant recipients, the incidence of TTP after nonmyeloablative (NMA) PBSCT, matched unrelated donor BMT, and sibling BMT or PBSCT was 15.4% (2/13), 11.8% (2/17), and 4.5% (4/88), respectively. Of the 10 patients with TTP, 9 (90%) had received extensive prior therapy, including autologous transplantation in both NMA recipients. Acute graft-vs-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis consisted of cyclosporine and methotrexate in most affected patients. The vWF antigen level was elevated in all patients, and no patients showed evidence of vWF-CP deficiency. During active TTP, 6 patients had grade II-IV acute GVHD, 1 had extensive chronic GVHD, and 4 had cytomegalovirus viremia. Risk factor analysis for development of TTP showed that transplant type (NMA and matched unrelated donor) and source of stem cells (bone marrow vs peripheral blood stem cell) were significant. Conclusions Posttransplantation TTP was not found to be associated with severe vWF-CP deficiency. The elevated levels of vWF antigen are consistent with diffuse endothelial injury likely because of multiple interacting factors such as extensive prior therapy, GVHD, cyclosporine, and reactivation of cytomegalovirus. The disorder appears to be more frequent among patients with, or at risk for, acute GVHD, suggesting a possible role in the pathogenesis. Nonmyeloablative transplantation does not appear to confer a lesser risk, possibly for these reasons.
Probing Leucine Side Chain Dynamics in an Amphiphilic Peptide Coprecipitated with Silica using 2H Solid-State NMR

There are a number of peptides implicated in the templating of silica morphologies in biological organisms. Biomimetic precipitation studies, aimed at performing the same types of controlled silica precipitation under ambient conditions, have shown that short amphiphilic repeats of leucine and lysine are able to precipitate a variety of interesting nanostructures of silica. Specifically of interest here is LKα14: Ac-LKKLLKLLKKLLKL-C, a synthetic alpha-helical peptide, which has been shown to form a nanospherical coprecipitate with silica. Furthermore, this peptide is known to preaggregate into a tetrameric bundle in solution, with the leucine residues facing inwards to form a hydrophobic core. If this structure persists in silica, the observed morphology could be governed by interactions between the silica and hydrophilic lysine residues. Previous NMR-based structural studies, confirm that the peptide maintains the alpha helical secondary structure in silica, and suggests that the aggregation is maintained. Our goal is to use deuterium solid state nuclear magnetic resonance (2H ssNMR) to establish how the changes in this local environment alter the leucine side chain dynamics of selectively deuterium labeled LKα14. Specifically, we hope to determine if the tetrameric bundle persists, by tracking how the dynamics change going from the neat state, to buffered state, and, finally, to the silica precipitated form. Fitting dynamic models of rotameric and librational motion to the deuterium solid state NMR lineshapes allows us to probe possible mechanisms of peptide pre-aggregation and subsequent silica precipitation.
Parallel Distributed Processing at 25: further explorations in the microstructure of cognition.

This paper introduces a special issue of Cognitive Science initiated on the 25th anniversary of the publication of Parallel Distributed Processing (PDP), a two-volume work that introduced the use of neural network models as vehicles for understanding cognition. The collection surveys the core commitments of the PDP framework, the key issues the framework has addressed, and the debates the framework has spawned, and presents viewpoints on the current status of these issues. The articles focus on both historical roots and contemporary developments in learning, optimality theory, perception, memory, language, conceptual knowledge, cognitive control, and consciousness. Here we consider the approach more generally, reviewing the original motivations, the resulting framework, and the central tenets of the underlying theory. We then evaluate the impact of PDP both on the field at large and within specific subdomains of cognitive science and consider the current role of PDP models within the broader landscape of contemporary theoretical frameworks in cognitive science. Looking to the future, we consider the implications for cognitive science of the recent success of machine learning systems called “deep networks”—systems that build on key ideas presented in the PDP volumes.
A nearly interpolatory algorithm for H/sub /spl infin// identification with mixed time and frequency response data

A new algorithm is proposed for H/sub /spl infin// identification with mixed time and frequency response data. This algorithm shares similar properties to interpolatory algorithms, and is nearly interpolatory. Meanwhile, it greatly reduces the computational complexity of the interpolatory algorithm. Worst-case identification error bounds are also characterized, and derived for this nearly interpolatory algorithm. A numerical example is used to illustrate the proposed identification algorithm.
Gendering Jokes: Intergroup Bias in Reactions to Same- Versus Opposite-Gender Humor

Based on social identity theory, this study tests whether individuals demonstrate out-group rejection by rating jokes targeting the opposite gender funnier and more gender typical than jokes target...
Use of A3 Cytoplasm to Reduce Risk of Gene Flow through Sorghum Pollen

A critical impediment to field testing and deployment of transgenic sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is the threat of gene flow to weedy relatives through pollen. A technique using sorghum with A 3 cytoplasmic male sterility to control transgene flow through pollen while using nontransgenic pollinators is described and an experiment was designed to evaluate the risk of viable pollen flow using A 3 hybrids under field conditions. Seed set under pollinating bags (an indicator of fertile pollen) was evaluated at the University of Nebraska Field Laboratory at Ithaca, NE, in 2001 and 2002 on selfed F 2 progeny grown from open pollinated seed of 12 F 1 hybrids produced in A 1 and A 3 cytoplasm. The F 2 seed was produced in hybrid yield trials in 1997 and 1998 at Ithaca, NE. In each evaluation year, the experimental design was a split-split plot with seed production year the main plot factor, hybrid as the subplot factor, and cytoplasm as the sub-subplot factor. Cytoplasm effects were highly significant, with percent seed set on A 1 F 2 individuals averaging 74%, and on A 3 F 2 individuals averaging 0.04%. Upper confidence limits (P = 0.05) for percent seed set were 132% or less for the progeny from all A 3 hybrids. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis confirmed that four male fertile individuals (from a population of 1007) were detected with A 3 cytoplasm. These results support the hypothesis that gene flow through pollen can be severely restricted but not eliminated in sorghum by the use of A, cytoplasmic male sterility.
Globally Speaking: Motives for Adopting English Vocabulary Languages edited by ROSENHOUSE, JUDITH, & ROTEM KOWNER

A review of the book "Globally Speaking: Motives for Adopting English Vocabulary Languages," edited by Judith Rosenhouse and Rotem Kowner is presented.
Supply and demand: exposing the illicit trade in Cambodian antiquities through a study of Sotheby’s auction house

Looters are reducing countless ancient sites to rubble in their search for buried treasures to sell on the international market. The trafficking of these and other stolen cultural objects has developed into a criminal industry that spans the globe. For numerous reasons, the small Southeast Asian nation of Cambodia presents an opportunity to ground this illicit trade in reality. This paper supplements previous studies that have detailed the pillaging of the country’s archaeological sites, and aims to better comprehend the trafficking of its artifacts, through an investigation of their final destination: the international art market. Of course, the global market for Cambodian art is wide, but Sotheby’s Auction House provides an excellent sample. For over 20 years, its Department of Indian and Southeast Asian Art in New York City has held regular sales of Cambodian antiquities, which have been well published in print catalogues and on the web. These records indicate that Sotheby’s has placed 377 Khmer pieces on the block since 1988—when those auctions began—and 2010. An analysis of these sales presents two major findings. Seventy-one percent of the antiquities had no published provenance, or ownership history, meaning they could not be traced to previous collections, exhibitions, sales, or publications. Most of the provenances were weak, such as anonymous private collections, or even prior Sotheby’s sales. None established that any of the artifacts had entered the market legally, that is, that they initially came from archaeological excavations, colonial collections, or the Cambodian state and its institutions. While these statistics are alarming, in and of themselves, fluctuations in the sale of the unprovenanced pieces can also be linked to events that would affect the number of looted antiquities exiting Cambodia and entering the United States. This correlation suggests an illegal origin for much of the Khmer material put on the auction block by Sotheby’s.
Status of the spallation neutron source: Machine and science

The Spallation Neutron Source accelerator complex consists of a 2.5 MeV H" front-end injector system, a 186 MeV normal-conducting linear accelerator, a 1 GeV superconducting linear accelerator, an accumulator ring and associated beam transport lines. Since completion of the construction project in June 2006, attention has focused on ramping up the performance of the SNS accelerator complex to the design parameters, and on neutron scattering instrument commissioning and obtaining early science results. Recent operational history will be presented.
Low loss RF modified fishnet metamaterials with optimized negative, zero and unity refractive index behavior

Two planar multilayer negative/zero/unity index metamaterials using cascaded modified fishnet metal screens were considered. The structures were optimized by a GA to have refractive indexes equal to −1, 0, and 1 at predetermined frequencies as well as low absorption loss and an effective impedance matched to free space. The dielectric layers were constrained so that they could be fabricated from existing (commercially available) high performance materials. High figures of merit for both of the refractive indexes and impedances, as well as low transmission losses were achieved. Efforts are currently in progress to fabricate a prototype sample based on our designs and to experimentally validate the predicted n eff and Z eff .
A theoretical study of spectroscopic properties and transition moments of HBr

Abstract Relativistic configuration interaction calculations are performed for twelve electronic states of the HBr molecule. Ground-state spectroscopic properties and electronic dipole moment function are calculated and compared with theoretical and experimental data. Electric dipole moments for eleven excited states are presented and discussed. Electronic transition moments between the ground state and seven excited states are presented in the intermediate coupling scheme.
Comparison of Total Hospital-Acquired Bloodstream Infections to Central Line–Associated Bloodstream Infections and Implications for Outcome Measures in Infection Control

The validity of the central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) measure is compromised by subjectivity. We observed significant decreases in both CLABSIs and total hospital-acquired bloodstream infections (BSIs) following a CLABSI prevention intervention in adult intensive care units. Total hospital-acquired BSIs could be explored as an adjunct, objective CLABSI measure.
Statistical circuit performance variability minimization under manufacturing variations

In this paper, we present a flow to minimize the variability of a circuit performance measure due to the statistical variations in the manufacturing process. The flow starts with 0.18/spl mu/m worst case corner device model parameters and transforms them to uncorrelated random variables for the statistical design of experiments which generate response surface models (RSM) of the circuit variability in terms of the circuit designable parameters. The minimization of variance due to process fluctuations is performed on the RSM functions by changing the circuit designable parameters, such as channel widths of the devices without causing excessive mean response shifts. Finally, the mean response is re-adjusted using the designable parameters that are not used in the variability minimization.
Davids vs Goliaths in the small satellite industry: - the role of technological innovation dynamics in firm competitiveness

Abstract In this paper, a conceptual framework of the nature, structure, and dynamics of technological innovation is developed and applied to the small satellite industry. Important components of this framework include: a) the speed and acceleration of technological innovation, and b) the linear and non-linear interactions between technology producers and users (technology and market push and pull mechanisms). We conceptualize technology development and commercialization as an ongoing cooperative and competitive (co-opetitive) process involving enabling and inhibiting factors or mechanisms which govern the speed and acceleration of technological innovation. Enabling factors may include CRADAs, strategic alliances, spin-offs, intellectual property rights, SBIRs, and mentor-protege relationships. Inhibiting factors may include excessive regulation at state, national, and international levels, technological, structural or financial barriers to market entry, competitor response to market entry, and culture clashes such as engineering versus marketing culture or firm versus government versus university cultures. These enabling and inhibiting factors influence and are also influenced by technological and market pulling and pushing forces. We postulate that the size of a firm, in addition to its ability to adapt to and/or absorb technological and market discontinuities, determines the rate at which it innovates (speed of innovation), as well as the rate at which it varies its innovation speed (acceleration of innovation). It is also postulated that a firm's speed and acceleration of innovation are directly proportional to its long-term competitiveness and market success. This conceptual framework was employed to evaluate the capability of small and large firms to develop and commercialize new technologies in the small satellite industry. Three firms that are active players in the small satellite industry were examined. These firms are small relative to the large aerospace giants (such as Lockheed Martin and Boeing) but they vary in size and age. Two of the firms studied are US start-ups and one is a British university spin-off. Our findings were synthesized to derive insights that could be generalized for the benefit of technology entrepreneurs as well as policy makers in other technology-driven and alliance-rich industries
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Adult ADHD A Case Study of Multi-Method Assessment of Executive Functioning in Clinical Practice and Manualized Treatment Adaptation

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a developmental disorder that regularly persists into adulthood and is associated with a number of maladaptive functional outcomes. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is an empirically based treatment that has demonstrated effects on core ADHD symptoms and related impairments in adult samples. One manualized CBT in particular is proposed to target both core symptoms of ADHD and underlying executive functioning (EF) deficits. Targeting underlying dysfunction is important to ongoing treatment development efforts and may enhance efficacy. This manualized CBT was developed for groups. The aims of this case study were twofold. First, we adapted a manualized group-based CBT for adult ADHD for an individual format. Second, we discuss a case study to exemplify how clinicians can measure and track EF symptoms in a clinic setting using a multi-method approach. Self-report and collateral-report questionnaire data provided initial support for adaptation of Cognitive-...
Early adenovirus-mediated gene transfer effectively prevents muscular dystrophy in alpha-sarcoglycan-deficient mice.

Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2D (LGMD 2D) is the most common cause of LGMD with a sarcoglycan defect. We recently engineered a murine model for this progressive disease and we investigated the possibility of preventing the development of muscular dystrophy in these animals by adenovirus-mediated gene transfer of human α-sarcoglycan. Here we report that a single intramuscular injection of a first generation adenovirus into the skeletal muscle of neonate mice led to sustained expression of α-sarcoglycan at the sarcolemma of transduced myofibers for at least 7 months. The morphology of transduced muscles was consequently preserved. In addition, we have used contrast agent-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to investigate sarcolemmal integrity in adenovirus-injected animals and have thereby demonstrated maintenance of sarcolemmal function. In conclusion, we provide evidence that early virus-mediated gene transfer of a sarcoglycan protein constitutes a promising therapeutic strategy for LGMDs and that the benefits of this approach can easily and effectively be monitored by noninvasive methodologies such as MRI.