cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Links Between School and Home: Associations Between Adolescent School Day Experiences and Maternal Perceptions of Family Relations

Research has historically under-emphasized adolescent contributions to family functioning. In this study, we examined how adolescents’ day-to-day challenges in school — such as having problems with peers or teachers — may filter into family life, across family-level, mother–adolescent, and interparental relations. This study used daily diary data collected from 130 mother–adolescent dyads from two-caregiver households over a three-week period. Multilevel modeling was used to disentangle within- and between-family effects of adolescents’ school day challenges (adolescent reports) for family functioning on the same day (mother reports). Adolescent gender was tested as a moderator of these effects. Findings indicated that adolescents’ school day challenges were linked to family functioning. Between-family analyses indicated that adolescents with more school day challenges had poorer family functioning in each of the three domains. Additionally, several within-family associations were statistically significant. On days when adolescents experienced more challenges at school than usual, mothers reported increased conflict with their adolescents, diminished parenting practices, and less positive interactions with their partners. In addition, adolescent gender moderated an effect. On days when boys experienced more challenges at school than usual, mothers reported decreased family cohesion; these results did not hold for girls. Overall, the results highlight the value of considering how adolescents’ experiences out of the home may impact family life. Links between adolescent daily experiences and family relations provide important insights into family processes for family researchers and practitioners.
When “model minorities” become “yellow peril”—Othering and the racialization of Asian Americans in the COVID-19 pandemic

Abstract Using the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic as a case study, this paper engages with debates on the assimilation of Asian Americans into the US mainstream While a burgeoning scholarship holds that Asians are ?entering into the dominant group? or becoming ?White,? the prevalent practices of othering Asians and surging anti-Asian discrimination since the pandemic outbreak present a challenge to the assimilation thesis This paper explains how anger against China quickly expands to Asian American population more broadly Our explanation focuses on different forms of othering practices, deep-seated stereotypes of Asians, and the role of politicians and media in activating or exacerbating anti-Asian hatred Through this scrutiny, this paper augments the theses that Asian Americans are still treated as ?forever foreigners? and race is still a prominent factor in the assimilation of Asians in the United States This paper also sheds light on the limitations of current measures of assimilation More broadly, the paper questions the notion of color-blindness or post-racial America
The Modified-Half-Normal distribution: Properties and an efficient sampling scheme

We introduce a new family of probability distributions that we call the Modified-Half-Normal distributions. It is supported on the positive part of the real line with its probability density propor...
Una lectura lingüística, visual y cultural del paisaje de ocho ciudades de Colombia

espanolEsta investigacion analiza la visibilidad en el PCCU (paisaje comercial colombiano urbano) del espanol y lenguas indigenas en conjunto con lenguas extranjeras tanto en el terreno fisico como en el virtual de ocho ciudades de Colombia, un pais multilingue. Igualmente, se examinaron los contenidos linguisticos y semioticos. Los datos de esta investigacion provienen de 205 fotos de avisos comerciales. Los analisis revelaron una ausencia notoria de lenguas indigenas en el PCCU y por el contrario mostraron la supremacia del espanol junto con una creciente presencia del ingles al igual que otras lenguas extranjeras tales como: el chino, el japones, el italiano, el frances, el arabe y el aleman. Estas lenguas se usan principalmente como un instrumento de mercantilizacion y de tipo simbolico. En torno a los contenidos del PCCU, el analisis revelo patrones similares como: incorporacion de elementos identitarios locales y transnacionales (textos e imagenes), mezcla de codigos en ausencia y presencia del espanol, transliteraciones, humor e imitacion o clonacion comercial. EnglishThis research analyses the visibility in the PCCU (Colombian commercial urban landscape) of the Spanish language, indigenous languages, and foreign languages in the virtual and physical landscape of eight cities in Colombia, a multilingual country. The linguistic and semiotic content of the cities was also examined. The data were derived from 205 photos of commercial advertisements. Analysis reveals a total absence of indigenous languages in the PCCU and the dominance of Spanish, together with a growing presence of English and other foreign languages such as Chinese, Japanese, Italian, French, Arabic, and German. These languages were used mainly as a commodity and with a symbolic purpose. Regarding the content of the PCCU, the data indicated similar patterns such as incorporation of local and transnational elements (text and images), code mixing, transliterations, humor, and imitation or commercial cloning.
An early relook identifies high-risk trajectories in ambulatory advanced heart failure.

Introduction Patients with ambulatory advanced heart failure (HF) are increasingly considered for durable mechanical circulatory support (MCS) and heart transplantation and their effective triage requires careful assessment of the clinical trajectory. Methods REVIVAL, a prospective, observational study, enrolled 400 ambulatory advanced HF patients from 21 MCS/transplant centers in 2015-2016. Study design included a clinical re-assessment of Interagency Registry for Mechanically Assisted Circulatory Support (INTERMACS) profile within 120 days after enrollment. The prognostic impact of a worsening INTERMACS Profile assigned by the treating physician was assessed at 1 year after the Early Relook. Results Early Relook was done in 325 of 400 patients (81%), of whom 24% had a worsened INTERMACS Profile, associated with longer HF history and worse baseline INTERMACS profile, but no difference in baseline LVEF (median 0.20), 6-minute walk, quality of life, or other baseline parameters. Early worsening predicted higher rate of the combined primary endpoint of death, urgent MCS, or urgent transplant by 1 year after Early Relook, (28% vs 15%), with hazard ratio 2.2 (95% CI 1.2- 3.8; p = .006) even after adjusting for baseline INTERMACS Profile and Seattle HF Model score. Deterioration to urgent MCS occurred in 14% vs 5% (p = .006) during the year after Early Relook. Conclusions Early Relook identifies worsening of INTERMACS Profile in a significant population of ambulatory advanced HF, who had worse outcomes over the subsequent year. Early reassessment of ambulatory advanced HF patients should be performed to better define the trajectory of illness and inform triage to advanced therapies.
Early functions of the genome of herpesvirus. 3. Inhibition of the transcription of the viral genome in cells treated with cycloheximide early during the infective process.

Abstract Inhibition of protein synthesis during early stages of infection of rabbit kidney cells with pseudorabies virus results in an irreversible block in the synthesis of infectious virus. At late stages of infection some viral DNA and viral proteins are synthesized but they accumulate in relatively small amounts in the cells. Soon after the resumption of protein synthesis in cells treated with cycloheximide from the time of infection, the accumulation of immediate—early RNA stops, indicating that an immediate—early viral function controls the transcription (or the accumulation of transcripts) of the viral genome. After a considerable delay, viral RNA synthesis resumes; the rate of its synthesis is, however, only a fraction of that observed in untreated, infected cells. The delay in transcription of the viral genome and the small amount of viral products synthesized by cells treated with cycloheximide during early stages of infection are probably responsible for the inhibition of formation of infectious virus in these cells.
Using Google Scholar Citations to Support the Impact of Scholarly Work.

A thletic training faculty seeking tenure and promotion, or simply undergoing an annual merit review, may need an understanding of the impact of their scholarly work. To that end, citation counts are frequently used as a measure of impact that a journal article has had in a given discipline.1 As compared to the simple quantity of publications, the number of times a work is cited is often used as an accepted measure of quality of one’s contributions.2
Outbreak of Amikacin-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae in an Intensive Care Nursery

An outbreak of amikacin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (KES) occurred in the Intensive Care Nursery (ICN) of the Louisville General Hospital from January 1978 through March 1978. Epidemic disease and an increased colonization rate in newborn infants due to amikacin-resistant microorganisms has not been documented previously. Three of the 11 neonates died. The organisms isolated were resistant to amikacin and two experimental aminoglycosides, sissomicin and netilmicin. The outbreak was contained following institution of several control measures, including pharyngeal inoculation of an experimental strain of alpha streptococcus in four infants.
Chapter 12. Capillary Electrophoresis/Mass Spectrometry Applied to Environmental Analysis

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on environmental applications of capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry (CE–MS) and illustrates some of the principles involved in capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) and micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC). The principle of CE involves a very simple experiment, which is the application of a high voltage difference between two buffer reservoirs connected by a fused silica capillary. Electrophoresis accounts for the movement of ions of the appropriate charge toward the cathode or anode in narrow bands. The capillary format of CE ensures little waste production. This format in turn lends itself to parallel processing of samples through bundled capillaries. The fast separation capability and adaptability of CE make it interesting for both laboratory- and field-based methods of analysis. An important consideration for CE–MS separations is the contribution to zone broadening due to the mismatch of mobilities between background electrolyte and analyte ion.
Higher Regulators, Algebraic K-Theory, and Zeta Functions of Elliptic Curves

Introduction Tamagawa numbers Tamagawa numbers. Continued Continuous cohomology A theorem of Borel and its reformulation The regulator map. I The dilogarithm function The regulator map. II The regulator map and elliptic curves. I The regulator map and elliptic curves. II Elements in $K_2(E)$ of an elliptic curve $E$ A regulator formula Bibliography Index
Why a Story at All? A Use for Fiction in Determining How to Live

Every year that I have taught, at least one student resists the structures andcustoms of my classroom. Responding means radically reorganizing the ways inwhich learning is done and, in doing so, how I see the world. In my first year teachingfirst and second grade in a New York City public school, Flora’s struggles withwriting baffled me. Flora had no problem with the typical barriers: she could spell,handwriting came easily, sitting still and focusing posed no challenges, and shespoke with agility. Yet, Flora would not write.The citywide curriculum was based almost exclusively on memoir. I wouldmodel elements of a story drawn from my life and the children were supposed tofollow my format but fill in their own quotidian details. Where I might write abouteating cheerios for breakfast, they could write about eating peanut butter and jellyfor lunch. As a reader and writer, I found the curriculum dull and forced. Thechildren’s stories were mostly lackluster. Though I loosened up the curriculum sothey were no longer largely imitating my examples, I lacked the clarity andconfidence to rebel against the genre.But Flora would not write memoir. Though she spoke extensively about herhome life in informal contexts, she refused to put any of these experiences ontopaper. It was only when, inspired by my own childhood fictional writing, I had hercut out magazine pictures and “make up” a story that Flora started writing countlesspages. When I extended this option to the rest of the class, writing became anenergized and inspired period.Not only did working with Flora change my teaching but it also brought me backto graduate school with questions about what fiction does for the individual andabout the interplay between fiction and truth. Yet, when I started studying narrativetheory, Flora was far from my mind. In fact, it was only as I got to the end of my firstdraft of this particular essay that Flora popped back into my field of vision. With herentrance I discovered that this essay is just as much about and for a little girl who tookfiction and ran with it as it is a frame for looking at the roles of fiction and philosophy.As such, though drawing primarily on texts, I hope that having planted Flora in thereader’s mind, she will remain there — a constant reminder of the implications oftheories on daily living.F
Finite unions of interpolation sequences

A unified and relatively simple proof is given for some well-known results involving finite unions of uniformly separated sequences.
Jones matrix and S-parameter analysis using an equivalent circuit model for intrinsically dual circularly polarized microstrip antennas

An equivalent circuit model is developed for intrinsically dual circularly polarized microstrip patch antennas. The circuit model can be tuned to represent a wide variety of antenna configurations and agrees well with full wave simulations of example antennas. Based on the model, we analyze cross polarization performance in terms of the Jones matrix and S-parameters and provide insight into the tradeoff between cross polarization performance and S-parameters.
Fiber optic Bragg grating laser sensors

Fiber lasers formed with rare earth doped fiber and fiber grating reflectors are being developed as tunable single frequency devices for a number of communications applications. These devices can also be used as sensors, and can be multiplexed using the inherent wavelength encoded nature of their output. Fiber Bragg grating based laser sensors can be implemented in configurations suitable for monitoring weak dynamic or quasi-static strains, and are thus useful for a range of sensing applications. This paper will review some work in this area.
A technique for locally increasing surface heat spreading and through-thickness thermal conductivity of graphite/epoxy laminates

The polymer matrix composite through-thickness thermal conductivity is particularly important in applications such as composite spaceborne electronics enclosures where the heat dissipation is primarily dependent on thermal conduction to a heat sink. The spreading of heat at the composite surface and subsequent localized conduction in the through-thickness direction down to high thermal conductivity fiber may be the key to designing a lightweight, thermally efficient enclosure. A finite element model was constructed of a composite with heat applied to a central area. The laminate consisted of a hybrid of high thermal conductivity pitch fiber/epoxy on the outside surfaces interlaminated with low thermal conductivity carbon fabric/epoxy. Three configurations were modeled: (A) a heat source in the middle, (B) Cu plating under the central heat source and (C) Cu plating under the heat source with a centrally located hole that was also Cu plated. The model with Cu on the surface under the heat source had a maximum surface temperature 35 % lower than the model with no Cu to spread the heat. The model with a central Cu plated hole had a maximum surface temperature 58% lower than that with no Cu plating on the surface. Therefore, the surface Cu plating with Cu plated hole spreads the heat and increases the through-thickness thermal conductivity. Samples were prepared using the aforementioned hybrid pitch fiber/epoxy interlaminated with carbon fabric/epoxy laminates sandwiched between.015 mm thick Cu foil. In the fabricated samples, all Cu (except that in the immediate vicinity of the heat source) would be removed by etching. A drill size of 2.29 mm diameter and feed rate of 152 cm/min were selected to minimize pitch fiber damage and matrix smearing, which results in increased thermal resistivity. Some of the drilled holes were etched with sulfuric acid and Cu plated and some were just cleaned and Cu plated. SEM photomicrographs of the holes and of the hole edges showed no appreciable increase in Cu adherence of the etched over the unetched samples. The unetched samples appeared to have as intimate contact with the Cu as the etched samples. The etched samples had areas with thicker epoxy layers insulating the pitch fibers from the Cu. The co-cured surface Cu foil with and without a Cu plated hole to spread the heat and increase through-thickness thermal conductivity, respectively, are currently being incorporated into heat transfer test samples.
Postoperative outcomes of patients initially overcorrected for intermittent exotropia

Background Esotropic overcorrection on postoperative day 1 after surgery for intermittent exotropia is generally thought to increase the likelihood of long-term satisfactory alignment; however, it is unclear why some patients who are initially overcorrected demonstrate recurrent intermittent exotropia whereas others maintain esotropic to orthotropic alignment. Methods The records of all patients who underwent primary surgical correction of intermittent exotropia were reviewed; those with any degree of esotropia on postoperative day 1 were included. The status at the last visit was categorized as orthotropic to Δ exotropia or having recurrent exotropia >8 Δ , monofixational esotropia Δ , or esotropia >10 Δ . Results A total of 63 patients met the inclusion criteria. The mean postoperative day 1 alignment was 6 Δ ± 3 Δ esotropia at distance and 5 Δ ± 3 Δ esotropia at near. At the last visit, 31 (49%) were orthotropic to Δ exotropia, 26 (41%) had recurrence of exotropia >8 Δ , and 6 (10%) had monofixational esotropia Δ . There was no significant difference between outcome groups in onset age, age at surgery, stereopsis, deviation (preoperatively or on postoperative day 1), or follow-up length. Risk factor analysis revealed no association between exotropia type, surgical approach, or postoperative day 1 alignment and risk of recurrent intermittent exotropia or monofixational esotropia, although there was a trend toward recurrent intermittent exotropia in those least overcorrected. Conclusions Recommended overcorrection on postoperative day 1 for intermittent exotropia can result in esotropia, intermittent exotropia, or orthotropia. The results of overcorrection for exotropia are variable and unpredictable. We were unable to determine associations with the recurrence of exotropia or secondary esotropia.
An acetylcholine receptor-based biosensor for the detection of cholinergic agents

Abstract A practical, acetylcholine receptor-based prototype biosensor is reported. The biosensor utilizes a polymeric film containing the receptor and appropriate stabilizers to coat an interdigitated electrode transducer. Upon binding of specific cholinergic ligands to the immobilized receptor, changes occur in the electrical field of the electrodes proportional to the amount of cholinergic agent present. The biosensor can detect micro- to nano-gram quantities of cholinergic ligands per ml within 1–5 s. The biosensor can be recycled with acetylcholine and is stable for at least 72 h during use and over 6 months in storage at normal temperatures. The cholinergic biosensor represents the first instance of a biosensor based on a physiologically active receptor for the detection of a class of chemical compounds.
EQUIDISTANCE SETTINGS AT PHOTOPIC RETINAL-ILLUMINANCE LEVELS AS A FUNCTION OF TARGET VELOCITY IN A FRONTAL PLANE.

Equidistance settings for a black vertical rod oscillating in a given frontal plane have been obtained at three photopic levels of binocular retinal illuminance. The magnitude of the constant (localization) errors and that of the variable errors (average deviations) of the equidistance settings have been studied as functions of target velocity. For the two observers used, the magnitude of both the constant errors and the variable errors progressively increased as target velocity was increased. The effects were noted for settings obtained at each of the three retinal-illuminance levels. The direction of the localization errors, however, was opposite for the two observers. The effect of retinal-illuminance level on the depth settings was less systematic, due probably to the high photopic levels used. The data obtained on the constant errors suggest that, regardless of the direction of the localization error, the comparison rod was adjusted progressively closer to the actual plane of target oscillation as the level of retinal illuminance was increased. The variability of the settings for a given target velocity remained relatively constant at each of the three retinal-illuminance levels. The present results are discussed in relation to comparable data obtained in earlier experiments on stereoscopic acuity and on the Pulfrich stereophenomenon.
A Role for Metaphase Spindle Elongation Forces in Correction of Merotelic Kinetochore Attachments

Summary During mitosis, equal segregation of chromosomes depends on proper kinetochore-microtubule attachments. Merotelic kinetochore orientation, in which a single kinetochore binds microtubules from both spindle poles [1], is a major cause of chromosome instability [2], which is commonly observed in solid tumors [3, 4]. Using the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe , we show that a proper force balance between kinesin motors on interpolar spindle microtubules is critical for correcting merotelic attachments. Inhibition of the plus-end-directed spindle elongation motors kinesin-5 (Cut7) and kinesin-6 (Klp9) reduces spindle length, tension at kinetochores, and the frequency of merotelic attachments. In contrast, merotely is increased by deletion of the minus-end-directed kinesin-14 (Klp2) or overexpression of Klp9. Also, Cdk1 regulates spindle elongation forces to promote merotelic correction by phosphorylating and inhibiting Klp9. The role of spindle elongation motors in merotelic correction is conserved, because partial inhibition of the human kinesin-5 homolog Eg5 using the drug monastrol reduces spindle length and lagging chromosome frequency in both normal (RPE-1) and tumor (CaCo-2) cells. These findings reveal unexpected links between spindle forces and correction of merotelic attachments and show that pharmacological manipulation of spindle elongation forces might be used to reduce chromosome instability in cancer cells.
Imperfect mobility and local government behaviour in an overlapping-generations model

Abstract This paper reconsiders the implications of land-value-maximizing local governments in an overlapping-generations model with imperfect mobility. Specifically, residents develop an ‘attachment to place’ or ‘location-specific capital’ once they reside in a town for a single time period. The analysis shows that attempts by governments to capture the resulting rents from less-mobile individuals create inefficient migration, leave all workers worse off in an ex ante sense, and place relatively high burdens on those workers who have high migration costs. Public good levels are also inefficiently chosen.
Chitin synthase of Apodachlya sp.

Abstract Chitin synthase activity was demonstrated in preparations of Apodachlya sp. which incorporated radioactivity from UDP-N-acetyl- d -[U-14C]glucosamine into insoluble product. The labeled product yielded d -[14C]glucosamine after acid hydrolysis and N-acetyl- d -[14C]glucosamine upon treatment with chitinase. The enzyme was inhibited by polyoxin D and, in crude homogenates, activated by trypsin. Activity was primarily localized in the mixed membrane fraction (74, 000g pellet) of Apodachlya sp. homogenates and was partially solubilized from this particulate preparation by digitonin treatment but not by zwitterionic detergents. Notably, digitonin treatment caused a fivefold increase in total activity, distributed between sedimentable (74, 000g) and nonsedimentable fractions. Trypsin activation was not observed with 74, 000g sedimentable activity (either before or after digitonin treatment) or digitonin-solubilized activity. Enzyme properties were similar in particulate and soluble preparations. Optimum enzyme activity occurred between pH 7.5 and 8.5, at approximately 42 to 46°C. Magnesium or manganese was required for enzyme activity, while cobalt, calcium, and iron did not markedly affect activity, and copper and zinc were strong inhibitors. N-Acetyl- d -glucosamine slightly increased enzyme activity.
Double exposure to reduce overall line-width variation of 80-nm DRAM gate

As design rule shrinks down continuously, various technology have been developed to extend the resolution limits of lithography. One of those is Double Exposure Technology(DET). This paper is about not only resolution improvement but also Critical Dimension(CD) variation reduction with DET. As the design rule shrinks below 100nm, the core/peripheral area where we used to think we had sufficient margin is becoming the bottle neck for device fabrication. In this paper, in order to compare optimized single exposure (cell focus) and DET (cell, core/peripheral focus) for critical dimension uniformity(CDU) on cell and core/peripheral area, CDU was measured from wafer by use of simulation and measurement. Gate layer of DRAM device was used for the experiment. Exposure condition for the single exposure was set to crosspole and for DET, dipole and conventional respectively. Optical proximity correction(OPC) was done with in-house simulation tool on stiching area of the double exposure experiment. Same exposure tool and same process condition were used for each experiment and only the exposure condition was changed to compare local CDU, intra-field CDU, wafer CDU to find out how much CD variation can be reduced.
Two Examples of Operational Tornado Warnings Using Doppler Radar Data

Abstract The National Weather Service Forecast Office in Denver, Colorado; has access to a variety of new observational datasets via an advanced, interactive workstation. This paper describes the impact of one of these datasets—Doppler radar—on the real-time operational capabilities in the forecast office. In particular, the forecasts during two tornadic events are emphasized. One case involved a supercell thunderstorm with a well-defined mesocyclone. The other case was one of multiple tornadoes which were not associated with a supercell. The forecasters were able to achieve significant lead times on their tornado warnings by applying appropriate conceptual models of tornadogenesis to the Doppler radar capabilities which were new to the operational environment.
Genetics of Chemotactic Behavior in Bacteria

John S. ParkinsonDepartment of BiologyUniversity of UtahSalt Lake City, Utah 84112Many kinds of bacteria exhibit a simple behaviorcalled chemotaxis in which the organism movestoward or away from various chemicals. As a gener-al rule, chemotactic bacteria are attracted to nu-trient compounds and repelled by potentially harm-ful ones. Recently, much attention has centered onthe chemotactic systems of Escherichia coli and itsclose relative Salmonella typhimurium because oftheir suitability for genetic and biochemical studies.Genetic analysis, in particular, is proving to be avaluable tool in understanding the molecular detailsof chemoreception and sensory transduction inthese bacteria. This review of chemotaxis will con-centrate on genetic studies of the E. coli-S. typhi-murium system. More extensive reviews by Adler(1975), Berg (1975), and Koshland (1975) shouldbe consulted for information about other ap-proaches to the problem. A complete list of refer-ences can be found in those reviews; only the onesmost pertinent to genetic studies will be cited here.Swimming BehaviorE. coli and Salmonella swim by means of 5-8 flagel-la distributed over the cell surface which form abundle at the rear of the cell and act in concertto propel the organism through its liquid environ-ment. Instabilities of the flagellar bundle cause theorganism to wobble or tumble momentarily andbring about changes in swimming direction. In theabsence of chemical stimuli, tumbling takes placeat random intervals and results in nearly randomreorientations of swimming direction. The normalswimming pattern thus approximates a randomwalk in three dimensions.Chemotaxis is mediated through biases imposedon the random walk behavior to achieve net migra-tions in chemical gradients. Using an automatedtracking microscope to follow the movements of in-dividual bacteria in attractant gradients, Berg andBrown (1972) found that the mean run length ofbacteria moving up-gradient was greater than ofbacteria swimming down-gradient. The differencein run lengths accounted for net movement towardthe attractant. Since the mean run length down-gradient was identical to that in the absence of agradient, run lengths are evidently biased by sup-pressing tumbles. Studies of a different sort withrepellents also suggest that net migration dependson tumble suppression that occurs whenever theorganism moves away from a repellent (Tsang,
Expression of growth differentiation factor-5 and bone morphogenic protein-7 in intraocular osseous metaplasia.

Background/aims: Intraocular bone is seen in a wide spectrum of ocular disorders. The pathogenetic mechanisms of bone formation in the eye are unclear. Growth differentiation factor-5 (GDF-5), bone morphogenic protein-7 (BMP-7), and transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF β1) are multifunctional cytokines that have important roles in bone formation. Immunohistochemistry was used to localise GDF-5, BMP-7, and TGF β1 in the human eye to determine their role in intraocular bone formation. Methods: Paraffin embedded sections from human eyes included fetal eyes (n = 5), normal adult eyes (n = 4), eyes with osseous metaplasia (n = 8), and eyes with focal fibrous metaplasia of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) without osseous metaplasia (n = 2). Immunohistochemistry was performed using indirect immunofluorescence with antibodies to GDF-5, BMP-7, and TGF β1. The staining intensity was evaluated semiquantitatively in the RPE, retina, ciliary epithelium, and cornea; and analysed statistically. Results: When compared with normal adult eyes, which showed no RPE immunoreactivity, the RPE metaplasia surrounding areas of osseous metaplasia showed mild GDF-5 and moderate BMP-7 (p = 0.004) intracytoplasmic immunoreactivity. In contrast, trace GDF-5 and mild BMP-7 staining was seen in zones of RPE fibrous metaplasia in areas not associated with osseous metaplasia. Mild intracytoplasmic TGF β1 expression was seen in the RPE metaplasia surrounding the bone when compared with adult eyes. Both fetal and adult eyes showed trace to mild GDF-5 and BMP-7 labelling of the non-pigmented ciliary epithelium which was increased in the eyes with osseous metaplasia. In eyes with osseous metaplasia, a significant decrease in GDF-5 and BMP-7 labelling was noted in fetal keratocytes (p = 0.0159 for both antibodies) when compared to adult eyes. Also, a significant decrease in BMP-7 labelling was seen in keratocytes in eyes with osseous metaplasia (p = 0.0162). Conclusions: The increase in GDF-5, BMP-7, and TGF β1 immunoreactivity in zones of RPE metaplasia in eyes with osseous metaplasia suggests that these proteins have an important role in intraocular ectopic bone formation.
The Distribution of C14 in the Root and Shoot Apices of Young Corn Plants

Concentration of P32 in the meristematic regions of plants has been reported by a number of investigators (3, 5, 6). Rabideau and Burr (5) have given evidence for a gradient in concentration of C13-labeled compounds in the stem tips of bean plants. Belkengren (2) showed rapid movement of carbon-13-labeled materials to bean root tips after exposure of the leaves to C1302 and light. Gustafsson et al. (4) demonstrated accumulation of P32 in the meristematic regions of barley roots. These findings and other considerations have emphasized the desirability of having more information concerning the movement of carbon from leaf-fed carbon dioxide into the meristematic regions of both shoots and roots. In relation to many questions pertaining to growth and development it would be desirable to have information not only with respect to the concentration of carbon in meristematic regions but also with respect to the incorporation of labeled carbon into specific compounds and the distribution of these compounds in the growing regions. The present study was designed to yield information on the concentration of C14 in meristematic regions, the nature of the C14-labeled fractions, and the distribution of these fractions in root and shoot apices of young corn plants. Seedlings of an inbred line of corn, University of Texas number 859, were grown in sand in a greenhouse until they were three to five inches tall (8 to 10 days). They were then transferred to a black lucite disk which served as a plant holder (fig. 1). This holder was perforated with 15 holes in which two-inch lengths of glass tubing were cemented to serve as plant supports. The plants were held in these glass tube supports with a cotton plug in the lower part of the tube. The holder was placed over a desiccator bottom so that the roots of the seedlings dipped into a Shive nutrient solution. This solution was aerated continuously and black cloth was tied around the desiccator as a light screen. The plants were grown in this container for five days. At the end of the fifth day the plants were sealed in the glass tube holders by pouring melted beeswax on top of each cotton plug. When poured at 50? C, this wax caused no detectable damage to the plants. A bell jar of 10 liters volume was placed over the leaves of the plants and sealed to the lucite plant holder with grease. It was held tightly against the lucite disk with several steel springs.
Detection of a fusiform coronary artery aneurysm using CT angiography.

Coronary artery aneurysm is a rare form of ectasia characterized by a 50% or greater increase in coronary arterial diameter as compared to adjacent normal arterial segments [1]. One study observed aneurysms in as many as 4.9% of patients undergoing coronary angiography, most frequently with involvement of the right coronary artery, followed by the left anterior descending and circumflex coronary arteries [1]. Some investigators have noted an association with coronary artery stenosis and speculate that aneurysms may be pathologic manifestations of coronary atherosclerosis [1]. We report the rare case of a relatively healthy 43-year-old woman with aneurysm of the left main coronary artery and present the computed tomographic (CT) findings using 64-slice CT.
Mechanical stimulation enhances endothelin-1 hyperalgesia.

Abstract When comparing a cumulative dose–response curve for endothelin-1 (ET-1)-induced mechanical hyperalgesia to the effect of individual doses (1 ng, 10 ng, 100 ng, and 1 μg) administered in separate groups of rats, a marked difference was observed in the peak magnitude of hyperalgesia. Hyperalgesia was measured as decrease in the threshold for mechanically-induced withdrawal of the hind paw. The cumulative dosing protocol produced markedly greater maximum hyperalgesia. To determine whether this was due to the cumulative dosing protocol or to the repeated exposure to the mechanical test stimulus, we evaluated the impact of repeated testing on ET-1-induced mechanical hyperalgesia. While ET-1-induced mechanical hyperalgesia was dose- and time-dependent, repeated testing of nociceptive threshold, at 5 min intervals, following a single dose of ET-1, produced further decrease in nociceptive threshold. This mechanical stimulation-induced enhancement of ET-1 hyperalgesia lasted only 3–4 h, while the hyperalgesia lasted in excess of 5 days. The stimulation-enhanced hyperalgesia also occurred after a second injection of ET-1, administered 24 h after the initial dose. That this phenomenon is unique to ET-1 is suggested by the observation that while five additional, direct-acting hyperalgesic agents—prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ), nerve growth factor (NGF), glia-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα)—induced robust mechanical hyperalgesia, none produced mechanical stimulation-enhanced hyperalgesia.
Clinical manifestations of noncoronary atherosclerotic vascular disease after moderate dose irradiation.

BACKGROUND Accelerated atherosclerosis and carotid stenosis are well-established risks occurring after high radiation doses that are used to treat cancers of the head and neck. Noncoronary vascular disease has been observed and may relate to more moderate dose irradiation. METHODS A search of patients treated for Hodgkin disease, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, or seminoma was performed to identify cases with noncoronary vascular complications after irradiation. These three groups were chosen because of the use of intermediate dose radiation and prevalence of long-term survivors. Individual patient records were reviewed to document the type and presentation of the stenosis and the clinical factors that may have contributed to this risk. RESULTS Twenty-one patients were identified who developed disease in noncoronary arteries after treatment. The median time from irradiation to diagnosis of vascular stenosis was 15 years. Antecedent risk factors for vascular disease were prevalent. Five patients had disease identified by auscultation of bruits before an adverse clinical event occurred. Five patients died from complications related to their vascular disease, which included three deaths after stroke and two after small bowel infarction. CONCLUSION Twelve cases arose at an atypically young age for atherosclerotic vascular disease and featured unusual clinical presentations. Nine cases identified occurred at an advanced aged and at a shorter median interval, making a causal relation to irradiation uncertain. Incorporating careful auscultation for bruits in followup evaluation of irradiated patients may identify individuals who are at risk for adverse vascular events. The potential for early vasculopathy in individuals exposed to intermediate dose irradiation suggests a need to manage dyslipidemia and reduce vascular risk factors throughout the posttreatment period. Cancer 2006. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
The Social Response Process in Commercial Banks: An Empirical Investigation

Two large commercial banks were studied in depth to document the “social response process”. By tracing and comparing the development of commercial lending programs for minorities in both banks, a response process similar to that found in decentralized, divisionalized manufacturing companies was identified.
Emissivity of High-Temperature Fiber Composites

Effective emissivities of high-temperature fiber composites are calculated for several external edge surface structures—randomly overlapping, parallel cylinders of radius a protruding out a distance δ from the composite matrix, with central axes either perpendicular to or into the direction of the composite external edge. First-order multiple scattering reciprocal bounds provide effective emissivity values, usually within an error of 10% or less; e.g., for carbon−carbon composites with a fiber−matrix emissivity of es = 0.8 and a fiber fraction of 30 vol %, the maximum error bound is 4%−5%. The fundamental behavior of the effective emissivity, as a function of protrusion depth, is examined, and significant deep-bed, blackbody radiative effects are observed, even at modest model protrusions. A maximum value for the fiber composite effective emissivity at an optimum porosity is found for any given ratio of protrusion length to fiber radius (δ/a) and fiber−matrix emissivity (es); e.g., for a perpendicular pro...
Regulation of Hepatic Apolipoprotein B-lipoprotein Assembly and Secretion by the Availability of Fatty Acids I. DIFFERENTIAL RESPONSE TO THE DELIVERY OF FATTY ACIDS VIA ALBUMIN OR REMNANT-LIKE EMULSION PARTICLES

Abstract The in vivo effects of increased delivery of fatty acids (FA) to the liver are poorly defined. Therefore, we compared the effects of infusing either 6 mm oleic acid (OA) bound to albumin, 0.5-20% Intralipid, or saline for 3 or 6 h into male C57BL/6J mice. Infusions were followed by studies of triglyceride (TG) and apoB secretion. Although plasma FA levels increased similarly after either 20% Intralipid or 6 mm OA, TG secretion increased only after infusion of 4-20% Intralipid; TG secretion was unchanged by 6 mm OA. By contrast, 6-h infusions of either 6 mm OA or 4-20% Intralipid increased apoB secretion. 6 mm OA and 20% Intralipid each increased secretion of apoB from primary hepatocytes ex vivo. Importantly, 0.5-2% Intralipid, which delivered more FA to the liver than 6 mm OA, did not stimulate apoB secretion. Hepatic apoB mRNA levels were unaffected by either 6 mm OA or 20% Intralipid, but microsomal triglyceride transfer protein mRNA was significantly lower after 6-h infusions with 6 mm OA versus either saline or 20% Intralipid. Lower microsomal triglyceride transfer protein mRNA levels were associated with reduced hepatic TG mass after 6-h infusions of 6 mm OA. We conclude that 1) increased FA delivery to the liver in vivo increases secretion of apoB-lipoproteins via post-transcriptional mechanisms, 2) OA-induced apoB-lipoprotein secretion occurred at least in part via mechanisms other than by providing substrate for TG synthesis, and 3) the route of delivery of FA is important for its effects on apoB secretion.
Impact of Facility Type on Assisted Living Facilities' Response to Residents' Mental Health Needs

Assisted living facilities (ALFs) are the most rapidly growing type of residential care for the elderly in the United States. However, little is known about facilities' responses to residents' ment...
Discriminant responses of the catalytic unit and glucose 6-phosphate transporter components of the hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase system in Ehrlich ascites-tumor-bearing mice.

Abstract The effect of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells, in vivo, on the hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) system was examined. The V max for glucose 6-phosphate hydrolysis by G6Pase was reduced by 40% and a greater than 15-fold decrease in mRNA encoding the catalytic unit of the G6Pase system was observed 8 days after injection with tumor cells. Blood glucose concentration was decreased from 169 ± 17 to 105 ± 9 mg/dl in tumor-bearing mice. There was no change in the G6P transporter (G6PT) mRNA level. However, there was a significant decrease in G6P accumulation into hepatic microsomal vesicles derived from tumor-bearing mice. Decreased G6P accumulation was also associated with a decrease in G6Pase hydrolytic activity in the presence of vanadate, a potent catalytic-unit inhibitor. In addition, G6P accumulation was nearly abolished in microsomes treated with N -bromoacetylethanolamine phosphate, an irreversible inhibitor of the G6PT. These results demonstrate that the catalytic unit and G6PT components of the G6Pase system can be discriminantly regulated, and that microsomal glucose 6-phosphate uptake is dependent on catalytic unit activity as well as G6PT action.
Matter parity, intermediate scale breaking, and sin2 theta W in Calabi-Yau superstring models.

Consequences of matter-parity invariance on intermediate scale breaking in three-generation Calabi-Yau superstring models are discussed. It is shown that values of ${\mathrm{sin}}^{2}$${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\theta}}}_{\mathrm{W}}$ in conformity with the current experimental limits can arise in the Calabi-Yau models when the extra families and mirror families gain superheavy masses through nonrenormalizable interactions. A small number of exotic leptons with electroweak-scale masses remain and may be accessible at accelerator energies.
Affective Assessment and Dialectical Oppositionality in the Cognitive Processing of Social Descriptors

A theory of affection based upon dialectical cognitive processing is put to test. Twenty subjects (equated for sex) are assigned to each of three experimental conditions (N = 60). Experimental task is paired-associates learning of social descriptors like active, realistic, and quiet. In the same condition, subjects learn descriptors that they have seen before in this study and affectively assessed (i.e., liked or disliked a descriptor's meaning). In the opposite condition, subjects learn antonyms learned have not been seen before in this study.) A control group learns the same descriptors as the opposite group without benefit of seeing or affectively assessing their opposites. In the line with predictions (p = .005): (1) subjects in the same condition learn liked descriptors more readily than disliked descriptors; (2) subjects in the opposite condition learn antonyms of disliked descriptors more readily than autonyms of liked descriptors; (3) control subjects fail to demonstrate the dialectical patterning...
A model for determining weights of traits in simultaneous multitrait selection

Abstract Simultaneous multitrait selection in plant breeding requires knowledge of the relative values, or tradeoffs, of the various traits being considered. An optimization model is developed which will allow quantification of the relative weights present in a breeder's subjective ranking of genotypes, the ranking being based on the apparent relative value of the genotypes. The model is completely general in nature. It allows specification of nonlinear solution functions as well as a linear solution function. It is not specific to any single plant species, nor is it specific to any number or type of traits. While the model is completely general, for purposes of illustration the development of the model is restricted to the linear case. The use of the model in an applied breeding experiment is illustrated using data provided by an experienced maize breeder. The data represent selected and ranked families of genotypes, where the selection and ranking criteria are the relative family performances of three traits considered of economic importance. Relative weights for the three traits are obtained from the initial ranking, and the technique is then used iteratively to demonstrate its usefulness as an interactive procedure.
Estimation of marcus λ for p‐phenylenediamines from the optical spectrum of a dimeric derivative

The radical cation of N,N′-bis-(4-dimethylaminophenyl)pyridazine (3˙+) has a near-IR band with a transition energy of 29·7 ± 0·5 kcal mol−1 (1 kcal = 4·184 kJ) in acetonitrile. This band is assigned to a Hush-type charge-transfer band, and the transition energy to the Marcus λ value for electron transfer. Such a large λ is inconsistent with previous estimates of λ for intermolecular electron transfer between mono-p-phenylenediamines and their radical cations. It agrees well with estimates of λ based on AM1 semi-empirical MO calculations, which gives the enthalpy contribution to λin at about 21 kcal mol−1 for 3·+. It is suggested that the traditional method of estimating λin by summing bond displacements weighted by force constants produces values which are significantly too low for systems such as phenylenediamines, where pyramidalization changes are important. The results suggest that λ for tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine self-electron transfer (10/·+) has been significantly underestimated, and that this prototype organic electron transfer reaction is not as strongly diabatic as was previously concluded.