cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
100 INSULIN REGULATES GENE TRANSCRIPTION BY O-GLYCOSYLATION AND PHOSPHORYLATION OF Sp1

Insulin (INS) stimulates steady state levels of Sp1 transcription factor, which leads to increased calmodulin (CaM) gene expression. We have investigated the mechanism(s) involved and find that INS stimulates O-glycosylation (O-GlcNAc) of Sp1 as an obligatory precursor event. O-GlcNAcation-, followed by phosphorylation (PO4) of Sp1, regulates both its intracellular mobility and activity. To elucidate the mechanistic basis of these post-translational changes of Sp1 in response to insulin, we assessed temporal dynamics of accumulation of total, O-GlcNAc-modified and phosphorylated-Sp1 in H-411E liver cells exposed to 10,000 μU/mL of insulin. Extracts from untreated and timed insulin treated cells were analyzed by Western blotting (Wb) using specific antibodies. The steady state levels of total and modified Sp1 were also investigated by confocal microscopy of H411E cells probed with Sp1-, O-GlcNAc-, and phosphoserine-specific antibodies that were detected with secondary antibodies labeled with various fluorochromes. The results from both Wb and confocal microscopy demonstrate that: INS stimulates (1) Sp1; (2) O-glycosylation of Sp1 early (30 min), which declines by 4 hours; and (3) phosphorylation of Sp1 in a steady increase through 4 hours. STZ, which inhibits O-GlcNAcase, and leaves Sp1 O-glycosylated, not only lead to intensified nuclear staining for O-GlcNAc-Sp1 but inhibited the insulin-driven expected nuclear staining for phosphorylated Sp1. Thus, reciprocal changes in O-GlcNAcation and phosphorylation of Sp1 in response to insulin appear to fine-tune calmodulin gene expression.
The Use of Topical 5-Fluorouracil in the Treatment of Genital Condylomas

Topical 5-FU is indicated for therapy-resistant condylomas and for extensive untreated vulvar condylomas. It may be the treatment of choice for vaginal condylomas. Applications of 5-FU once weekly to the vagina and twice weekly to the vulva for 10 weeks appear to be as effective as continued regimens but are better tolerated. Perhaps the greatest value of 5-FU lies in the periodic application for prevention of recurrences of condylomas removed by surgical methods.
A 28-GHz 4-channel dual-vector receiver phased array in SiGe BiCMOS technology

This paper presents a 28-GHz four-channel phased-array receiver in 120-nm SiGe BiCMOS technology for 5G cellular application. The phased-array receiver employs scalar-only weighting functions within each front-end and then global quadrature power combining to realize beamforming. Differential LNAs and dual-vector variable-gain amplifiers are used to realize each front-end with compact area. Each front-end achieves 5.1 to 7 dB noise figure, −16.8 to −13.8 dBm input compression point, −10.5 to −8.9 dBm input third-order intercept point across 4-bit phase settings and a 3-dB bandwidth of 26.5 to 33.9GHz, while consuming 136 mW per element. RMS gain and phase errors are < 0.6 dB and < 5.4° at 28–32 GHz respectively, and all four elements reveal well-matched responses.
Circulating Current Suppressing Control’s Impact on Arm Inductance Selection for Modular Multilevel Converter

Arm inductor in a modular multilevel converter (MMC) is used to limit the circulating current and dc short circuit fault current. The circulating current in MMC is dominated by second-order harmonic, which can be largely reduced with circulating current suppressing control. By analyzing the mechanism of the circulating current suppressing control, it is found that the circulating current at switching frequency becomes the main harmonic when suppression control is implemented. Unlike the second-order harmonic that circulates only within the three phases, switching frequency harmonic also flows through the dc side and may further cause high-frequency dc voltage harmonic. This paper develops the theoretical relationship between the arm inductance and switching frequency circulating current, which can be used to guide the arm inductance selection. The experimental results with a downscaled MMC prototype verify the existence of the switching frequency circulating current and its relationship with arm inductance.
Classical Spin Liquid Instability Driven By Off-Diagonal Exchange in Strong Spin-Orbit Magnets.

© 2017 American Physical Society. We show that the off-diagonal exchange anisotropy drives Mott insulators with strong spin-orbit coupling to a classical spin liquid regime, characterized by an infinite number of ground states and Ising variables living on closed or open strings. Depending on the sign of the anisotropy, quantum fluctuations either fail to lift the degeneracy down to very low temperatures, or select noncoplanar magnetic states with unconventional spin correlations. The results apply to all 2D and 3D tricoordinated materials with bond-directional anisotropy and provide a consistent interpretation of the suppression of the x-ray magnetic circular dichroism signal reported recently for β-Li2IrO3 under pressure.
CAN PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT FOSTER SOCIAL EQUITY? STAKEHOLDER POWER, PROTECTIVE INSTITUTIONS, AND MINORITY REPRESENTATION

Performance management has been criticized for harming or, at best, ignoring social equity outcomes. While there is evidence suggesting that performance management fosters an emphasis on efficiency and effectiveness at the expense of other public values, we are still in search of a theory linking performance management to social equity. The article takes a first step towards the development of such a theory and proposes the importance of contingency factors. It argues that managerial performance information use will benefit disadvantaged groups in the presence of powerful stakeholders, protective institutions, and minority representation in government. Using data on school districts in Texas, the article finds support for the first two contingency factors but not the third one. Performance information use by superintendents increases test scores of disadvantaged students if these students make up a sizeable, powerful group, and if superintendents put emphasis on complying with the No Child Left Behind Act.
Streamlined Synthesis and Assembly of a Hybrid Sensing Architecture with Solid Binding Proteins and Click Chemistry

Combining bioorthogonal chemistry with the use of proteins engineered with adhesive and morphogenetic solid-binding peptides is a promising route for synthesizing hybrid materials with the economy and efficiency of living systems. Using optical sensing of chloramphenicol as a proof of concept, we show here that a GFP variant engineered with zinc sulfide and silica-binding peptides on opposite sides of its β-barrel supports the fabrication of protein-capped ZnS:Mn nanocrystals that exhibit the combined emission signatures of organic and inorganic fluorophores. Conjugation of a chloramphenicol-specific DNA aptamer to the protein shell through strain-promoted azide–alkyne cycloaddition and spontaneous concentration of the resulting nanostructures onto SiO2 particles mediated by the silica-binding sequence enables visual detection of environmentally and clinically relevant concentrations of chloramphenicol through analyte-mediated inner filtering of sub-330 nm excitation light.
Teaching Bits: Statistics Education Articles from 2009

We located 27 articles that have been published in the first half of 2009 that pertained to statistics education. In this column, we highlight a few of these articles that represent a variety of di...
A NEW PERSPECTIVE ON THE EVOLUTION OF DOUBLE-ENTRY BOOKKEEPING

Inquiry into the origin of double entry accounting has typically focused on form as the causal factor. In the present article the arguments supporting this view are reviewed and challenged by devel...
Characteristics of Effective Instructional Programs for English Language Learners

The purpose of this article is to examine extant literature and design a theoretical model that will offer optimal learning conditions for English Language Learners. Through the use of qualitative extant studies, this article will supply the reader with characteristics of bilingual programs, bilingualism misconceptions, overrepresentation of minority and English Language Learners in special education, and teaching practices that have been proven to assist English Language Learner students to achieve academically. This researcher analyzed the extant literature using an advocacy worldview. After analyzing the extant literature, the researcher found common themes and formulated a theoretical model that may yield to English Language Learner success in schools.
Comment on Carlvik's Paper on Dancoff Correction in Lattices

(1968). Comment on Carlvik's Paper on Dancoff Correction in Lattices. Nuclear Science and Engineering: Vol. 31, No. 1, pp. 173-173.
Algorithm of The Bi_Month

(1987). Algorithm of The Bi_Month. The College Mathematics Journal: Vol. 18, No. 2, pp. 153-156.
A rADAR defense against RNAi

Adenosine deaminases that act on RNA (ADARs) convert adenosines (A) to inosines (I) in stretches of dsRNA. The biological purpose of these editing events for the vast majority of ADAR substrates is largely unknown. In this issue of Genes & Development, Reich and colleagues (pp. 271-282) demonstrate that in Caenorhabditis elegans, A-to-I editing in double-stranded regions of protein-coding transcripts protects these RNAs from targeting by the RNAi pathway. Disruption of this safeguard through loss of ADAR activity coupled with enhanced RNAi results in developmental abnormalities and profound changes in gene expression that suggest aberrant induction of an antiviral response. Thus, editing of cellular dsRNA by ADAR helps prevent host RNA silencing and inadvertent antiviral activity.
Measuring quantum efficiency and background absorption of an Ytterbium-doped ZBLAN fiber

Laser-induced temperature modulation spectrum (LITMoS) test is performed for an Ytterbium-doped ZBLAN fiber. The quantum efficiency and the background absorption are extracted from the cooling efficiency curve of the LITMoS test.
Goldmann-Favre Syndrome

Goldmann-Favre syndrome, also known as recessive hyaloideoretinal dystrophy, is one of the inherited vitreoretinal degenerative disorders. Inherited by the autosomal recessive modes, it is the only vitreoretinal degeneration inherited in such a fashion; the other forms of vitreoretinal degeneration are autosomal dominant and in one case X-linked. Although the condition is not seen frequently, it shares many aspects with X-linked retinoschisis (another vitreoretinal degeneration). The sexes are affected equally. Goldmann-Favre syndrome patients complain of night blindness (usually during the first decade of life) and typically have significant myopia and progressive constriction of their visual fields. As with X-linked retinoschisis, there is both macular and peripheral schisis with pigmentary alterations (bone corpuscle type) and chorioretinal atrophy. The cystoid-appearing macula can take on a beaten-copper appearance. The vitreous undergoes liquefaction with the presence of fibrous strands of varying thickness. Preretinal membranes can also be seen.
Respiratory Gas Flow

This chapter is focused on the flow of gas into and out of the mammalian lung. We study the airway tree shown in Fig. 5.2:2. In the airway, the mixing of gases is given particular attention. In alveoli, the exchange of O2 and CO2 between alveolar gas and red blood cells is discussed. The effectiveness of this exchange depends on the matching of ventilation and circulation.
Humate-Based Biostimulants Do Not Consistently Increase Growth of Container-Grown Turkish Hazelnut

Abstract Humate-based products have been aggressively marketed to nursery producers as biostimulants which increase plant growth. Reports of their effect on container-grown trees in organic substrate are few. We tested four distinct types of biostimulants on top and root growth of Turkish hazelnut (Corylus colurna L.), grown in containers with pine-bark substrate. Treatments included: 1) an untreated control; 2) humate, applied as a dry topdress; 3) humate, formulated as a wettable powder and applied as a substrate drench; 4) humate, applied as a pre-plant root soak; 5) humate, to which various purported root growth-promoting additives had been added, also applied as a root soak. All treatments were tested within low, medium, and high fertilizer application regimes. No treatment increased top growth compared to untreated trees, and the root-soak treatments had the lowest top growth. At high and low fertilizer application rates, root length was similar for all treatments except for root-soak treatments, wh...
Precarious mobility and spectacle dwelling on a ferry commute

Precarious mobilities caused by insufficient capacity or unplanned stoppages of public transportation services can result in line-ups that are as much a part of commuters’ daily routines as travel ...
Surgical Treatment of Ectopic Pregnancy

Ectopic pregnancy accounts for 2% of all pregnancies, and approximately 4% of all pregnancy-related deaths. Surgery in necessary if the patient is unstable, ongoing hemorrhage is suspected, or there is a contraindication to methotrexate therapy. Laparoscopic surgery is the preferred surgical modality. Laparoscopic salpingostomy likely increases the risk of recurrent ectopic pregnancy and persistent trophoblastic disease, but preserves the fallopian tube which might improve future fertility. If a salpingostomy is performed, the serum human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) needs to be serially measured until it is undetectable due to the risk of persistent trophoblastic disease.
“Education against the Grain”: Examining the Evolution of Media Archival Training at UCLA

AbstractThis essay broadly analyzes the history and current state of media archival education through a case study of two graduate degrees previously and currently offered at UCLA: the interdepartm...
DevOps for Spacecraft Flight Software

The NASA Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART)mission, led by the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (JHU/APL), will be the first ever space mission to demonstrate asteroid deflection by a kinetic impactor. The DART flight software team recognizes that meeting this challenge, especially within cost and schedule constraints, requires enhancing software practices with a strong Development and Operations (DevOps)methodology. DevOps fuses software development and operations to form a tight feedback loop during software construction and release deployment. The team has established and implemented a DevOps architecture that has already benefited the DART mission, including successful integration testing with NASA's Evolutionary Xenon Thruster-Commercial (NEXT-C)electric propulsion system. This DevOps architecture consists of several key components: a Software-In-The-Loop (SWIL)environment that acts as a spacecraft on a laptop, enabling a scalable automated test program, a Continuous Integration (CI)regiment that provides rapid feedback during the daily development workflow, and a Continuous Delivery (CD)practice that enables single click deployment of the latest flight software to DART's Hardware-In-The-Loop (HWIL)testbeds. DART is on target to achieve the goal of a successful, nightly, simulated asteroid impact. This paper will introduce the DART mission, discuss DevOps and the philosophy as it applies to spacecraft flight software development, illustrate DART's DevOps architecture and walk the audience through each major component, and finally, present a resulting case study: the successful NEXT-C test campaign.
Solar Irradiance of the Earth’s Atmosphere

The sun is the primary driver of terrestrial atmospheric phenomena and energy source for the earth. It emits radiation over a large energy band and ejects highly energetic plasma fluxes of charged particles into space. The sun is an active star that (i) goes through a 12-year maximum–minimum emission cycle, (ii) has huge, non-periodic eruptions in solar flares and coronal mass ejections, and (iii) has nearly equipartition of energy between particle and radiation fluxes. Variations in these emissions interact with all atmospheric layers down to the earth surface. The precise nature of these interactions can be examined through microscopic physics at atomic and molecular levels for illustration of physical and chemical processes, and their impact on macroscopic problems such as global climate change, and more localized manifestations such as the atmospheric brown cloud (ABC) prominent in Asia. I will describe some of these calculations for atomic and molecular species such as carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur and their compounds. While the visible and near-infrared solar radiation penetrates through, more ­energetic components in the ultraviolet (UV) and the x-ray are absorbed by the upper layers of the atmosphere and thus provide protecting shields for life on earth. The atmosphere has been maintaining a fine energy balance of solar radiation entering the earth by radiating the same amount into space. Certain atmospheric gases trap radiation energy and reflect back near earth’ surface to heat it up in an energy cycle. This phenomenon is known as the Greenhouse effect and has maintained the average earth surface temperature at 14°C. However, for over a 100 years the balance is being perturbed due to changes in atmospheric compositions of greenhouse gases. More energy is being trapped than released, leading to global warming and climate change. Depletion of atmospheric ozone molecules has created holes for harmful radiation to reach earth’s surface. The basic scientific data in current atmospheric models lack accurate parameters for fundamental atomic and molecular processes, and hence provide predictions which have large uncertainties. We aim to explore the sensitivity of numerical simulations to accurately predict the response of the earth’s atmosphere to changes in elemental and molecular composition. To wit, what is the effect of including new high-accuracy photoionization and radiative transition rates in C, N, O, H2O, etc. in climate models? How do temporal-spatial and temperature-density dependencies of fundamental physical and chemical parameters and rates affect the absorption of solar radiation by the ABC? Such studies should lead to an improved understanding of global warming and climate change processes, and help in the future steps.
Cozy mystery construction kit: prototyping toward an AI-assisted collaborative storytelling mystery game

This paper presents a case study in the experience-first prototyping of a generative game. Our goal in this process was to create a PCG-based mystery story construction game ncentered on a social simulation of characters and their motivations, and driven by a set of core themes and experiences we wanted players to encounter. In pursuit of this goal, we created a series of prototypes to test how a variety of generative and AI-based techniques---including character generation, character action suggestion based on game state, story sifting, and social simulation---may be used in support of collaborative storytelling. In this paper we catalogue these prototypes and what we have learned by creating them, detailing design elements we found to be successful in supporting player creativity and that may be useful to the developers of similar games and experiences going forward.
Refining screening questionnaires for prediction of sleep apnea severity in children

Screening instruments are poor predictors of the severity of pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). We hypothesized that their performance could be improved by identifying and eliminating redundant features. Baseline scores from three screening questionnaires for pediatric OSA were obtained from the Childhood Adenotonsillectomy Trial (CHAT). The questionnaires included the (i) modified Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS), (ii) the sleep-related breathing disorders subscale of the pediatric sleep questionnaire (PSQ), and the (iii) obstructive sleep apnea-18 (OSA-18) scale. Key features from each questionnaire were identified using variable selection methods. These selected features (SF) were then assessed for their ability to predict the severity of OSA, measured by the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) and oxygen desaturation index (ODI). In addition, prediction performance of SF was also calculated for AHI > 5 and > 10 and ODI > 5 and > 10, respectively. Four hundred fifty-three children aged 5–10 years were included. The majority of the pairwise correlations among the items within the 3 screening questionnaires were statistically significant. The prediction of AHI and ODI by overall questionnaire scores was poor. Four-item SF, comprising apneic pauses, growth problems, mouth breathing, and obesity predicted AHI and ODI significantly better than each of the individual questionnaires. Furthermore, SF also predicted AHI > 5 and > 10, as well as ODI > 5 and > 10 significantly better than the original questionnaires. Elimination of redundant items in screening questionnaires improves their prediction performance for OSA severity in children with high pre-test probability for the condition.
Effects of Crushed Ticagrelor Versus Eptifibatide Bolus Plus Clopidogrel in Troponin‐Negative Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Background After a loading dose of ticagrelor, the rate of high on‐treatment platelet reactivity remains elevated, which increases periprocedural myocardial infarction and injury. This indicates th...
A simple model for calculating relative biological effectiveness of X-rays and gamma radiation in cell survival.

Objectives:The relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of X-rays and γ radiation increases substantially with decreasing beam energy. This trend affects the efficacy of medical applications of this...
Voting for Violence: Explaining Support for Paramilitary Parties at the Polls

Recent research focuses on the incentives behind political parties’ decisions to perpetrate or provoke extra-state violence in democracies, but few studies examine why citizens choose to support these elites rather than their non-violent counterparts when they go to the polls. Using new sub-national data for 78 electoral districts during Northern Ireland’s Troubles, I show that support for paramilitary parties stems primarily from the presence or deepening of a security crisis and not economic grievances, the intensity of inter-communal electoral competition, or the relative local balance of power between paramilitaries and the state. A security crisis occurs when citizens believe that the state is no longer willing or able to ensure their physical safety from undue harm. A security crisis, I argue, not only generates anger and disillusionment with the state, but also influences citizens’ willingness to access the institutions of the state. As a result, an ongoing security crisis depletes the state’s capacity to maintain basic law and order and deliver key services independent of its resources to provide. An ongoing security crisis also further contributes to economic and social malaise. In each of these ways, the presence or deepening of a security crisis creates the demand for the alternative provision of state goods and alters the incentives to supporting a political party that challenges the legitimacy of the state through its use of force.
Casinos and Captive Labour Markets: The Case of Casino Windsor

Economically depressed communities across North America have opened casinos based on the promise of creating “good jobs.” Some scholars find that workers benefit from casinos via employment and wage growth, while others find that casinos exploit host communities, including their workers. Yet, little research addresses whom casinos employ and how workers experience the quality of employment. Existing research is based on geographic areas that house multiple casinos where workers have the mobility to move between different casino operators. Across North America, however, casinos are being adopted in economically depressed areas and in limited-licence states with large distances between casinos. Using the case study of Casino Windsor – located in Canada’s economically struggling automotive capital, Windsor, Ontario – this article speaks to whether casinos offer “good jobs” when a single casino exists in an economically struggling area. Based on 48 interviews with Windsor stakeholders and casino workers, media coverage, and descriptive statistics, these findings provide an alternative story of the employment implications of casino development when casino workers are immobile. The immobility of Casino Windsor workers results from a high unemployment rate, the absence of other employment offering comparable remuneration, and an international border. This scenario allows management to rule through disciplinary actions while still reaping the benefits of worker “loyalty” and effort. With states/provinces justifying casino developments to economically devitalized host communities by promising the creation of “good jobs,” researchers and policymakers must consider whether such developments will create and potentially exploit a captive labour supply, leading to the development of not-so-good casino jobs.
Nearby Supernova Rates from the Lick Observatory Supernova Search. I. The Methods and Database

This is the first paper of a series in which we present new measurements of the observed rates of supernovae (SNe) in the local Universe, determined from the Lick Observatory Supernova Search (LOSS). We have obtained 2.3 million observations of 14,882 sample galaxies over an interval of 11 years (March 1998 through Dec. 2008). We considered 1036 SNe detected in our sample and used an optimal subsample of 726 SNe (274 SNe~Ia, 116 SNe~Ibc, 324 SNe~II) to determine our SN rates. This is the largest and most homogeneous set of nearby SNe ever assembled for this purpose, and ours is the first local SN rate analysis based on CCD imaging and modern image-subtraction techniques. In this paper, we lay the foundation of the study. We derive the recipe for the control-time calculation for SNe with a known luminosity function, and provide details on the construction of the galaxy and SN samples used in the calculations. Compared with a complete volume-limited galaxy sample, our sample has a deficit of low-luminosity galaxies but still provides enough statistics for a reliable rate calculation. There is a strong Malmquist bias, so the average size (luminosity or mass) of the galaxies increases monotonically with distance, and this trend is used to showcase a correlation between SN rates and galaxy sizes. Very few core-collapse SNe are found in early-type galaxies, providing strong constraints on the amount of recent star formation within these galaxies. The small average observation interval ($\sim 9$ days) of our survey ensures that our control-time calculations can tolerate a reasonable amount of uncertainty in the luminosity functions of SNe. We perform Monte Carlo simulations to determine the limiting magnitude of each image and the SN detection efficiency as a function of galaxy Hubble type ... (abridged)
A Solution to After-Hours Fatigue and Surgical Backlog

After-hours surgery represents a novel solution that can effectively combat surgical fatigue of care teams in addition to addressing the high volume of surgical backlog associated with the repercussions of the COVID-19 pandemic. This commentary seeks to rationalize how successful employment of a dedicated after-hours surgical team and protocol has tremendous potential for increased efficiency while maintaining good surgical outcomes in patients.
Regarding the question of presence in online education: A performative pedagogical perspective

In response to the interruption of all levels of education following COVID-19, we start by underlining the difference between emergency remote teaching and online learning. Next, we inquire into th...
Heterosexism and the self: A systematic review informing LGBQ-affirmative research and psychotherapy

Heterosexism negatively impacts the mental health of sexual minorities, although the degree to which people are impacted and the nature of how they respond to minority stressors varies. In this sys...
Metabolite Alterations in Adults With Schizophrenia, First Degree Relatives, and Healthy Controls: A Multi-Region 7T MRS Study.

Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) studies in schizophrenia have shown altered GABAergic, glutamatergic, and bioenergetic pathways, but if these abnormalities are brain region or illness-stage specific is largely unknown. MRS at 7T MR enables reliable quantification of multiple metabolites, including GABA, glutamate (Glu) and glutamine (Gln), from multiple brain regions within the time constraints of a clinical examination. In this study, GABA, Glu, Gln, the ratio Gln/Glu, and lactate (Lac) were quantified using 7T MRS in five brain regions in adults with schizophrenia (N = 40), first-degree relatives (N = 11), and healthy controls (N = 38). Metabolites were analyzed for differences between groups, as well as between subjects with schizophrenia with either short ( 5 years, N = 21) illness duration. For analyses between the three groups, there were significant glutamatergic and GABAergic differences observed in the anterior cingulate, centrum semiovale, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. There were also significant relationships between anterior cingulate cortex, centrum semiovale, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and cognitive measures. There were also significant glutamatergic, GABAergic, and lactate differences between subjects with long and short illness duration in the anterior cingulate, centrum semiovale, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and hippocampus. Finally, negative symptom severity ratings were significantly correlated with both anterior cingulate and centrum semiovale metabolite levels. In summary, 7T MRS shows multi-region differences in GABAergic and glutamatergic metabolites between subjects with schizophrenia, first-degree relatives and healthy controls, suggesting relatively diffuse involvement that evolves with illness duration. Unmedicated first-degree relatives share some of the same metabolic characteristics as patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia, suggesting that these differences may reflect a genetic vulnerability and are not solely due to the effects of antipsychotic interventions.
Teaching Designing for Additive Manufacturing: Formulating Educational Interventions That Encourage Design Creativity

As additive manufacturing (AM) processes become more ubiquitous in engineering, design, and manufacturing, the need for a workforce skilled in designing for additive manufacturing (DfAM) has grown....
Survival Outcomes of Patients With Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma Secondary to Viral vs. Non-Viral Etiologies Treated with Definitive Radiotherapy.

Purpose/Objective(s) Radiation therapy (RT) is a critical modality for the treatment of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Little is known about how the etiology of HCC impacts overall and progression free survival (OS and PFS) in patients treated with definitive RT. We hypothesize that patients treated with definitive RT for HCC secondary to hepatitis B and hepatitis C viruses (viral group) would have favorable OS and PFS when compared to patients with HCC secondary to other etiologies (non-viral group). Materials/Methods Medical records were retrospectively reviewed at a single institution for patients diagnosed with unresectable HCC and treated with definitive RT between 1/2011 and 12/2020. Patients treated with prior surgery or radiofrequency ablation were excluded. Progress notes were reviewed to determine date of last follow-up, progression, and death. Notes were also assessed to determine the etiology of HCC, age at diagnosis, Child-Pugh classification (CPC), AJCC 8th edition T stage, RT strategy, and planning target volume (PTV). Descriptive statistics were quantified for baseline characteristics. Survival curves were estimated via Kaplan-Meier method; statistical difference was determined using the log-rank test. Multivariate (MVA) Cox proportional hazards analysis was conducted to estimate hazard ratios (HR) when controlling for confounding factors. Results Forty-six patients were included in the analysis. 30 (65%) patients were in the viral group, while 16 (35%) patients were in the non-viral group. Median ages at diagnosis for the viral and non-viral groups were 64 (interquartile range (IQR): 60 to 69) and 71 years (IQR: 66.5 to 76.5), respectively (P = 0.014). Treatment with hypofractionated RT (P = 0.559), proton therapy (P = 0.686), performance status (P = 0.222), CPC (P = 0.270), T stage (P = 0.639), and PTV (P = 0.472) were not different between groups. There was a trend toward improved Median OS for the viral group compared to the non-viral group: 17.9 months (95% confidence interval (CI): 9.7 to not-reached (NR)) vs. 8.8 months (95% CI: 6.1 to NR) (P = 0.072). Similarly, PFS was not different between viral and non-viral groups: 9.3 (95% CI: 7.4 to 19.0) vs. 8.0 (95% CI: 4.0 to 10.3), P = 0.314. However, after controlling for confounding factors with MVA Cox proportional hazards models, the viral group had superior OS (HR = 4.20, 95% CI: 1.47 to 12.02, P = 0.008); the viral group also had superior PFS (HR = 2.48, 95% CI: 1.06 to 5.81, P = 0.037). Conclusion Our retrospective review of patients with unresectable HCC treated with definitive RT provides evidence that viral etiologies of HCC may fare better in OS and PFS when compared to non-viral etiologies. The etiology of HCC development for virally vs non-virally mediated tumors may have implications for treatment and response in the setting of radiation therapy.
A Compliance Monitoring System for Open SDR Platforms

Next-generation wireless experimentation benefits from new large-scale open-access software defined radio (SDR) platforms. Each SDR's transmissions must be measured and monitored to guarantee spectrum compliance. The measured spectrum is, however, corrupted by external co-channel signals. This demo presents the Bidirectional Incident/Transmit Signal Separator (BITSS), a system which estimates the linear system model, the SDR's transmit signal, and the signals from other sources incident to the antenna, all on the fly and without a signal prior or system information. We implement and run BITSS on POWDER and evaluate its performance. The demo shows that BITSS enables separation over a range of signal parameters with high accuracy and alerts users and the operator whenever a spectrum violation occurs.
Her-2 neu negative lipid rich breast carcinoma in an immunocompromised patient

Abstract Lipid-rich breast carcinoma (LRBC) is rare cancer considered to be a variant of invasive ductal breast carcinoma. It is characterized by an aggressive behavior and poor prognosis and requires prompt recognition and close follow-up. The tumor derives its name from the intracytoplasmic neutral lipid that gives it a vacuolated appearance and is included in the current WHO classification. We report here a case of Her-2 neu negative lipid-rich carcinoma of the breast occurring in a HIV positive woman.
ORIGINS: REFLECTIONS ON THE HISTORY OF THE SMA AND ITS OFFICIAL PUBLICATION

"I have discovered enough material to write a book. . ." From 1967 in Washington, DC, through 1968 in Seattle, 1969 in New Orleans, and 1970 in San Diego, those with a special interest in an area called "medical anthropology" moved from being a collectivity of interested persons to a Group for Medical Anthropology (GMA), and then to a Society for Medical Anthropology (SMA). And from 1968 to 1983 the Medical Anthropology Newsletter (M.A.N.), which kept us in communication with each other between annual meetings, became the Medical Anthropology Quarterly (MA Q, which, in turn, will soon become an international journal. Since this is an article about the history and origins of the Society for Medical Anthropology, all of these acronyms have some part in this account. When Margaret Lock (President of the SMA) invited me to write this article, I was pleased, although I experienced moments of panic when I realized that large chunks of the documented record had been placed in the Medical Anthropology Archive in the basement of the AAA office building in Washington, DC. Other pieces of the record were lost forever when one of my more efficient secretaries cleared my burgeoning files of all pre-1970 correspondence that appeared to be discontinuous-precisely the period that is most significant, historically, for an article on origins. Fortunately, I have discovered enough material to write a book rather than an article, and my problem has been to reduce this statement to its
Fundamental Variables, APT, and Bond Fund Performance

In this paper, we develop relative pricing (APT) models that are successful in explaining expected returns in the bond market. We utilize indexes as well as unanticipated changes in economic variables as factors driving security returns. An innovation in this paper is the measurement of the economic factors as changes in forecasts. The return indexes are the most important variables in explaining the time series of returns. However, the addition of the economic variables leads to a large improvement in the explanation of expected returns. Furthermore, when we examine the percentage of expected returns explained by each of the variables, the economic variables are much more significant than all indexes with the exception of an aggregate index. We utilize our relative pricing models to examine the performance of bond funds. Bond funds underperform the returns predicted by the relative pricing models by the amount of expenses, on average.
Energetic adaptations persist after bariatric surgery in severely obese adolescents

Objective Energetic adaptations induced by bariatric surgery have not been studied in adolescents or for extended periods postsurgery. Energetic, metabolic, and neuroendocrine responses to Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery were investigated in extremely obese adolescents. Methods At baseline and at 1.5, 6, and 12 months post-baseline, 24-h room calorimetry, body composition, and fasting blood biochemistries were measured in 11 obese adolescents relative to five matched controls. Results In the RYGB group, mean weight loss was 44 ± 19 kg at 12 months. Total energy expenditure (TEE), activity EE, basal metabolic rate (BMR), sleep EE, and walking EE significantly declined by 1.5 months (P = 0.001) and remained suppressed at 6 and 12 months. Adjusted for age, sex, fat-free mass, and fat mass, EE was still lower than baseline (P = 0.001). Decreases in serum insulin, leptin, and triiodothyronine (T3), gut hormones, and urinary norepinephrine (NE) paralleled the decline in EE. Adjusted changes in TEE, BMR, and/or sleep EE were associated with decreases in insulin, homeostatic model assessment, leptin, thyroid stimulating hormone, total T3, peptide YY3-36, glucagon-like peptide-2, and urinary NE and epinephrine (P = 0.001-0.05). Conclusions Energetic adaptations in response to RYGB-induced weight loss are associated with changes in insulin, adipokines, thyroid hormones, gut hormones, and sympathetic nervous system activity and persists 12 months postsurgery.
Hypersonic boundary-layer transition in the presence of wind-tunnel noise.

Description of additional results indicating that a unique relationship exists between rms sound pressure level and transition Reynolds number, provided all other parameters are held nearly invariant. The results illustrate the different levels of the transition Reynolds numbers obtained in six facilities with nearly invariant laminar boundary layers on the different models (at the same local unit Reynolds number) and indicate that some facility characteristic has a strong influence on the transition Reynolds numbers.
Physical activity text messaging interventions in adults: a systematic review.

Background Physical inactivity is a leading health risk factor for mortality worldwide. Researchers are examining innovative techniques including the use of mobile technology to promote physical activity. One such technology, text messaging, is emerging internationally as a method to communicate with and motivate individuals to engage in healthy behaviors, including physical activity. Aim Review the existing scientific literature on adult physical activity text messaging interventions. Methods This systematic review examined research papers that addressed physical activity text messaging intervention studies in adults. Using multiple databases, the search strategy included published English language studies through October 1, 2011. An author-developed data collection tool was used independently by two reviewers to extract and examine the selected study variables. Results The initial search resulted in the identification of 200 publications. Eleven publications representing 10 studies were included in the final review. Studies were conducted in seven countries with over half the studies being randomized controlled trials. Participants of the studies were predominantly young to middle aged women. Physical activity data were mainly obtained by self-report although three studies used pedometers or accelerometers. Interventions ranged from only sending out text messages to combining text messages with educational materials, staff support, and/or Internet technology. Minimal information was given regarding development or number of text messages used. The median effect size for the studies was 0.50. Conclusions To date, using text messaging as a method to promote physical activity has only been studied by a small group of researchers. Current physical activity text messaging literature is characterized by small sample sizes, heterogeneous but positive effect sizes, and a lack of specificity as to the development of the text messages used in these studies. Further research in this area is imperative to facilitate the expansion of mobile technology to promote physical activity.
Discontinuities in MRFs

Smoothness is a generic assumption underlying a wide range of physical phenomena. It characterizes the coherence and homogeneity of matter within a scope of space (or an interval of time). It is one of the most common assumptions in computer vision models, in particular, those formulated in terms of Markov random fields (MRFs) (Geman and Geman 1984; Elliott et al. 1984; Marroquin 1985) and regularization (Poggio et al. 1985). Its applications are seen widely in image restoration, surface reconstruction, optical flow and motion, shape from X, texture, edge detection, region segmentation, visual integration and so on.
Point contact tunneling spectroscopy apparatus for large scale mapping of surface superconducting properties

We describe the design and testing of a point contact tunneling spectroscopy device that can measure material surface superconducting properties (i.e., the superconducting gap Δ and the critical temperature T(C)) and density of states over large surface areas with size up to mm(2). The tip lateral (X,Y) motion, mounted on a (X,Y,Z) piezo-stage, was calibrated on a patterned substrate consisting of Nb lines sputtered on a gold film using both normal (Al) and superconducting (PbSn) tips at 1.5 K. The tip vertical (Z) motion control enables some adjustment of the tip-sample junction resistance that can be measured over 7 orders of magnitudes from a quasi-ohmic regime (few hundred Ω) to the tunnel regime (from tens of kΩ up to few GΩ). The low noise electronic and LabVIEW program interface are also presented. The point contact regime and the large-scale motion capabilities are of particular interest for mapping and testing the superconducting properties of macroscopic scale superconductor-based devices.
Is governance for everybody

The term governance has come to be used commonly in both academic discourse and in ordinary discussions about how the public sector, and other institutions, manage themselves and their relationship...
Alzheimer's disease patients' cognitive status and course years prior to symptom recognition.

ABSTRACT This is a prospective examination of the cognitive performance and cognitive course of persons in an asymptomatic “preclinical” phase who eventually developed Alzheimer's disease (AD). We compared performances on the Mayo Cognitive Factor Scales (MCFS) of 20 persons in a neurologically normal cohort who subsequently developed AD to the performances of 60 persons who remained free of dementia symptoms. For the AD patients, exams occurred prior to the appearance of dementia symptoms (an average of 4.2 and 1.5 years prior to symptom onset). Results reveal strong group differences on learning and retention, with eventual AD patients scoring lower than controls years prior to reporting symptoms of the disease. There was no significant interaction effect (group × testing session) for memory retention, suggesting that memory decline in this preclinical period may be too slow to be a useful indicator of future AD. A significant interaction (but no group effect) was seen for verbal comprehension.
Effects of randomness in gapped antiferromagnetic quantum spin chains

The effects of bond randomness are studied for spin chains with excitation gaps in the pure case. Systems with enforced topological structure like the spin‐1/2 chain with enforced dimerization and spin‐1 chain in the Haldane gapped phase appear very stable against randomness. On the other hand, systems with spontaneously generated topological order like the spin‐1/2 chain with spontaneous dimerization are found to be unstable even for weak randomness despite the gap.
Modeling of Multi-Image/Video Flow on a Multiprocessor Surveillance System

DIAS is a distributed, multiprocessor picture information system architecture. It consists of four main cooperating parts Input-Preprocessing; Planning-Control; Image Processing/Analysis/Understanding; Backend. The performance of the DIAS system is mainly based on the performance of the Image Processing/Analysis/Understanding IA section, which is a multiprocessor array structure. Thus, the functional modeling of the IA section can provide a satisfactory picture of the overall DIAS system function. The analytical model is used to evaluate what parameters are involved in the Image Analysis array structure. Experimental results demonstrate its performance in strenuous conditions and its ability to guarantee real-time constraints.
Partial Least-Squares Calibration Diagnostics Applied To The FT-IR Analysis Of Borophosphosilicate Glass (BPSG) Thin Films*

Full-spectrum multivariate calibration methods are capable of providing a multitude of diagnostic capabilities for evaluating the quality of the calibration, identifying problem calibration samples, and flagging unknown samples whose analysis by these methods might be unreliable. These diagnostics are demonstrated for the analysis of BPSG thin films on silicon using infrared spectroscopy and partial least-squares methods.
Adjustment costs in mean-variance efficiency analysis

The mean variance efficiency model frequently used in modern financial economics is examined here under the constraint of adjustment costs. Adjustment costs reflect various attitudes of adjustment by the investors such as short-run adjustment to long-run goals and risk sensitivity not captured by variance alone. These adjustment costs are incorporated here in a dynamic control model to explain various puzzling behaviours in stock markets.