cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Does Dark Trading Affect the Link between Stock Prices and Fundamentals

I study the effect of dark trading on the incorporation of firm-specific fundamentals—quarterly earnings information—into stock prices. Theoretically, if dark pools attract more uninformed than informed orders, then the signal-to-noise ratio of the flow of orders submitted to exchanges will increase, improving price discovery on exchanges. Using a comprehensive sample of dark trading activity, I find that a higher level of dark trading is associated with: (1) greater pre-emption of upcoming earnings news, as evidenced by larger associations between pre-announcement abnormal returns and upcoming earnings surprises, and smaller price reactions to earnings surprises at the announcements, (2) faster price formation after earnings announcements, as evidenced by larger intraperiod timeliness metrics, and (3) improvement in long-horizon informational efficiency of stock price, as evidenced by larger future earnings response coefficients. Inferences are robust to an instrumental variable analysis that uses dark pool launches and closures as a source of plausible exogenous variation in firm-level dark trading. Overall, evidence is consistent with dark trading improving the incorporation of firm-specific fundamentals into stock prices.
3D integrated monolayer graphene–Si CMOS RF gas sensor platform

Integration of a complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) and monolayer graphene is a significant step toward realizing low-cost, low-power, heterogeneous nanoelectronic devices based on two-dimensional materials such as gas sensors capable of enabling future mobile sensor networks for the Internet of Things (IoT). But CMOS and post-CMOS process parameters such as temperature and material limits, and the low-power requirements of untethered sensors in general, pose considerable barriers to heterogeneous integration. We demonstrate the first monolithically integrated CMOS-monolayer graphene gas sensor, with a minimal number of post-CMOS processing steps, to realize a gas sensor platform that combines the superior gas sensitivity of monolayer graphene with the low power consumption and cost advantages of a silicon CMOS platform. Mature 0.18 µm CMOS technology provides the driving circuit for directly integrated graphene chemiresistive junctions in a radio frequency (RF) circuit platform. This work provides important advances in scalable and feasible RF gas sensors specifically, and toward monolithic heterogeneous graphene–CMOS integration generally. The combination of monolayer graphene with a silicon-based CMOS platform results in a monolithically integrated gas sensor. A team led by Deji Akinwande at the University of Texas at Austin developed a graphene-based gas sensing platform that leverages the remarkable gas sensitivity of graphene and the well-established advantages of silicon technology. Using a commercially available 0.18 μm CMOS radio-frequency (RF) circuit, the authors fabricated graphene chemi-resistive junctions atop the CMOS readout circuit, whereby the interaction between gas molecules and graphene can be read as an output frequency while minimizing the number of post-processing steps. The built-in RF functionalities enable a direct wireless connection with the transducer and offer reduced flicker noise, as opposed to direct-current sensors.
The role of extracorporeal membrane oxygenator therapy in the setting of Type A aortic dissection

Background and aim Patients presenting with type A aortic dissection (TAAD) present with a wide clinical spectrum ranging from hemodynamic stability to multiorgan malperfusion with cardiovascular collapse. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenator (ECMO) therapy is increasingly being utilized as salvage therapy in patients with acute cardiopulmonary failure and for post-cardiotomy shock. We sought to determine the utility of ECMO implementation post-TAAD repair. Methods The Pennsylvania Health Care Cost Containment Council (PHC4) database, maintained by an independently functioning state agency, was retrospectively reviewed from 2004 to 2014. Patients with a primary diagnosis of aortic dissection requiring ECMO support during the same hospital visit were included in the analysis. Results Thirty-nine patients were identified with diagnosis/procedure codes for TAAD repair and ECMO, of which four patients did not undergo TAAD repair. Of the remaining 35, 31 patients underwent open repair, and four patients underwent TEVAR. ECMO was instituted on the same day of TAAD surgery in 27 (69.2%) patients, and on post-operative day >1 in eight (20.5%) patients. Overall mortality in patients who were on ECMO the same day was 88.9% and 87.5% when it was done after the first post-operative day. All four patients with TAAD who underwent ECMO only died. Median time from ECMO implantation to death was 1.0 day. Conclusions Requirement for ECMO support in acute aortic dissection is associated with extremely high mortality irrespective of when the intervention is performed.
Early maltreatment is associated with greater risk of conduct problems and lack of guilt in adolescence.

Abstract Previous research indicates a link between childhood maltreatment and elevated conduct problems. Yet the literature is less clear on associations between maltreatment and callousness (e.g., lack of empathy or guilt). This is a critical gap given that callousness is a robust predictor of serious aggressive and violent behavior. We examine the association between substantiated maltreatment events in childhood and adolescence (up to age 13) and conduct problems and lack of guilt at age 14. We analyze self- and parent-report data along with official maltreatment records on 557 youth (50% female; 69% non-white) from a larger dataset (Longitudinal Studies on Childhood Abuse and Neglect; N = 1354). Results of multinomial logistic regression models indicate that youth with histories of substantiated maltreatment events are more likely to have elevated conduct problems and decreased guilt at age 14, particularly if they experienced maltreatment before the age of four years old. Youth who exhibit conduct problems and also appear to lack guilt are more likely to have a personal history of substantiated maltreatment. We discuss our results in terms of their implications for theory and practice.
Chiral kinetic approach to the chiral magnetic effect in isobaric collisions

Based on the chiral kinetic approach using quarks and antiquarks from a multiphase transport model as initial conditions, we study the chiral magnetic effect, i.e., the magnetic field induced separation of charged particles in the transverse plane, in noncentral isobaric collisions of $\mathrm{Zr}+\mathrm{Zr}$ and $\mathrm{Ru}+\mathrm{Ru}$, which have the same atomic number but different proton numbers. For the observable ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}^{\mathrm{OS}}\ensuremath{-}{\ensuremath{\gamma}}^{\mathrm{SS}}$ related to the difference between the correlations of particles of opposite charges and of same charges, we find a difference between the two collision systems if the magnetic field has a long lifetime of 0.6 $\mathrm{fm}/c$ and the observable is evaluated using the initial reaction plane. This signal of the chiral magnetic effect becomes smaller and comparable to the background contributions from elliptic flow if the event plane determined from particle emission angles is used. For the other observable given by the $R(\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}S)$ correlator related to the distribution of average charge separation in a collision, it depends less on whether the reaction or event plane is used in the analysis, making it a plausible observable for identifying the chiral magnetic effect from its difference in the two isobaric collision systems.
Translating climate change and heating system electrification impacts on building energy use to future greenhouse gas emissions and electric grid capacity requirements in California

Abstract Climate change and increased electrification of space and water heating in buildings can significantly affect future electricity demand and hourly demand profiles, which has implications for electric grid greenhouse gas emissions and capacity requirements. We use EnergyPlus to quantify building energy demand under historical and under several climate change projections of 32 kinds of building prototypes in 16 different climate zones of California and imposed these impacts on a year 2050 electric grid configuration by simulation in the Holistic Grid Resource Integration and Deployment (HIGRID) model. We find that climate change only prompted modest increases in grid resource capacity and negligible difference in greenhouse gas emissions since the additional electric load generally occurred during times with available renewable generation. Heating electrification, however, prompted a 30–40% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions but required significant grid resource capacity increases, due to the higher magnitude of load increases and lack of readily available renewable generation during the times when electrified heating loads occurred. Overall, this study translates climate change and electrification impacts to system-wide endpoint impacts on future electric grid configurations and highlights the complexities associated with translating building-level impacts to electric system-wide impacts.
Some Further Inputs

This presentation is an attempt to respond, in real time (which means unprepared) to the themes and problems of the Colloquium on Geostatistics in terms of the current state of the arts of data analysis, spectrum analysis, and classical statistics. I would like to comment on several subjects, including rootograms, least squares, spectra, means and variances, the jackknife, and 2-dimensional schematic plots.
Vitamin D: Relevance in Reproductive Biology and Pathophysiological Implications in Reproductive Dysfunction

Publisher Summary This chapter provides an overview of the current understanding of the relevance of vitamin D to reproductive physiology. It begins with a summary of observations accrued in experimental models. Following this, it focuses on data accrued in humans. The available data do implicate vitamin D as a key molecule in reproductive success across species and suggest pathophysiological mechanisms for reproductive compromise in the setting of vitamin D deficiency. This latter appreciation is especially relevant, given the pandemic of vitamin D inadequacy; aggressive repletion strategies may offer a cost-effective, safe, and easily accessible option that offers a potential for optimizing reproductive success. Many research studies have suggested that vitamin D deficiency may be causative in insulin resistance and even contributory to a spectrum of disease processes that share insulin resistance as a common denominator, namely diabetes, cardiovascular disease, various autoimmune disorders (rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, IBD, multiple sclerosis), cancers, and obesity. Vitamin D also plays a significant role in prevention of endometriosis. Apart from this, vitamin D has important roles to play in male and female fertility and pregnancy.
Applications of ENCODE data to Systematic Analyses via Data Integration.

Abstract Large-scale genomic data have been utilized to generate unprecedented biological findings and new hypotheses. To delineate functional elements in the human genome, the Encyclopedia of DNA Elements (ENCODE) project has generated an enormous amount of genomic data, yielding around 7000 data profiles in different cell and tissue types. In this article, we reviewed the systematic analyses that have integrated ENCODE data with other data sources to reveal new biological insights, ranging from human genome annotation to the identification of new candidate drugs. These analyses demonstrate the critical impact of ENCODE data on basic biology and translational research.
Sovereignty, State Failure and Human Rights: Petty Despots and Exemplary Villains

This book argues that the effectiveness of the state apparatus is one of the crucial variables determining human rights conditions, and that state weakness and failure is responsible for much of the human rights abuses we see today. Weak states are unable to control their own agents or to police abuses by private actors, resulting in less accountability and more abuse. By contrast, stronger states have greater capacities to protect human rights; even strong authoritarian states tend to have better human rights conditions than weak ones. The first two chapters of the book develop the theoretical connections between international law, sovereignty, states and rights, and the consequences of state failure for these relationships. The empirical chapters (Chapters 3-6) test the validity of these theoretical claims, employing a multi-method approach that combines quantitative and qualitative methods. Englehart uses case studies of Afghanistan, Burma/Myanmar and the Indian state of Bihar to analyze types and patterns of state failure, based on analysis of NGO reports, archival research, primary and secondary texts, and interviews and field research. Examining what happens to human rights when states fail, the book concludes with implications for scholars and activists concerned with human rights. This book will be of great use to scholars of international relations, comparative politics, human rights law and state sovereignty.
EBV-negative post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder: Clinical characteristics, response to therapy, and survival.

8578 Background: Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) is a potentially life-threatening complication of solid organ transplantation. PTLD is frequently linked with Epstein-Barr virus...
The Role of Intermediary Organizations in Sustaining Student Voice Initiatives

Background/ContextThe sustainability of change efforts continues to be an important and challenging question in educational research.Purpose/Objective/Research Question/Focus of StudyBy examining 1...
Individualized recovery of gut microbial strains post antibiotics

To further understand the impact of antibiotics on the gastrointestinal tract microbial community, the intra-individual recovery pattern of specific microbial strains was determined using metagenomic sequencing coupled with strain-tracking analyses. In a study where 18 individuals were administered a single antibiotic (cefprozil), new microbial genomic variants (herein strains) were transiently detected in 15 individuals, while in a second study that used a cocktail of three antibiotics (meropenem, gentamicin, and vancomycin), all 12 participants had either permanent or transient strain changes. The presence of distinct microbial genomic variants indicates a pattern of strain recovery that is intra-individual specific following disruption of the human gastrointestinal tract with antibiotics.
Disparities in Outcomes by Insurance Payer Groups for Patients Undergoing Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion.

STUDY DESIGN Retrospective, observational study of clinical outcomes at a single institution. OBJECTIVE To compare postoperative complication and readmission rates of payer groups in a cohort of patients undergoing anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF). SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Studies examining associations between primary payer and outcomes in spine surgery have been equivocal. METHODS Patients at Mount Sinai having undergone ACDF from 2008 to 2016 were queried and assigned to one of five insurance categories: uninsured, managed care, commercial indemnity insurance, Medicare, and Medicaid, with patients in the commercial indemnity group serving as the reference cohort. Multivariable logistic regression equations for various outcomes with the exposure of payer were created, controlling for age, sex, American Society of Anesthesiology Physical Status Classification (ASA Class), the Elixhauser Comorbidity Index, and number of segments fused. A Bonferroni correction was utilized, such that alpha = 0.0125. RESULTS Two thousand three hundred eighty seven patients underwent ACDF during the time period. Both Medicare (P < 0.0001) and Medicaid (P < 0.0001) patients had higher comorbidity burdens than commercial patients when examining ASA Class. Managed care (2.86 vs. 2.72, P = 0.0009) and Medicare patients (2.99 vs. 2.72, P < 0.0001) had more segments fused on average than commercial patients. Medicaid patients had higher rates of prolonged extubation (odds ratio [OR]: 4.99; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.13-22.0; P = 0.007), and Medicare patients had higher rates of prolonged length of stay (LOS) (OR: 2.44, 95% CI: 1.13-5.27%, P = 0.004) than the commercial patients. Medicaid patients had higher rates of 30- (OR: 4.12; 95% CI: 1.43-11.93; P = 0.0009) and 90-day (OR: 3.28; 95% CI: 1.34-8.03; P = 0.0009) Emergency Department (ED) visits than the commercial patients, and managed care patients had higher rates of 30-day readmission (OR: 3.41; 95% CI: 1.00-11.57; P = 0.0123). CONCLUSION Medicare and Medicaid patients had higher rates of prolonged LOS and postoperative ED visits, respectively, compared with commercial patients. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3.
Validation of a new method for assessing scapular anterior-posterior tilt.

BACKGROUND Electromagnetic tracking systems have enabled some investigators and clinicians to measure tri-planar scapular motion; yet, they are not practical and affordable options for all clinicians. Currently, the ability to affordably quantify scapular motion is limited to monitoring only the motion of scapular upward rotation, with use of a digital inclinometer. HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE The objective of this study was to determine the criterion-related validity of a modified digital inclinometer when used to measure the motion of scapular anterior-posterior (AP) tilt. MATERIALS & METHODS Thirteen volunteers, free from any history of shoulder injury, reported for a single testing session. Each subject underwent a brief shoulder and posture examination in order to confirm the absence of pathology. Subjects actively performed clinically relevant amounts of humeral elevation in the scapular plane while in a seated position. An electromagnetic tracking system (Ascension Technology, Burlington, VT) and a modified inclinometer (Pro 360, Baseline®, Fabrication Enterprises, White Plains, NY) were used to acquire scapular AP tilt over the same shoulder motions. Criterion-related validity was determined using Pearson Product Moment correlations. RESULTS Correlation analyses revealed significant moderate to good associations (r = 0.63 to 0.86, p < 0.01) between scapular AP tilt measures obtained with a digital inclinometer and an electromagnetic tracking system. CONCLUSIONS A modified digital inclinometer is a moderately valid device to use for the quantification of scapular AP tilt. Further study is warranted to establish reliability and to validate use of the device in patients with shoulder injury or pathology. The modified inclinometer expands the clinician's ability to quantify scapular kinematic motion during the clinical evaluation and rehabilitation process. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level 3.
Management of Portal and Mesenteric Venous Thrombosis

Portal vein thrombosis is a rare condition seen in the general population, though is more prevalent in certain populations with thrombophilia as well as in patients with cirrhosis. Because morbidity and mortality can be significant with portal vein thrombosis, diagnosis and appropriate management are crucial. In noncirrhotic patients, untreated portal vein thrombosis can result in mesenteric ischemia and complications of portal hypertension. In cirrhosis, portal vein thrombosis is often incidentally found on routine screening imaging, and the treatment outside of transplant candidates is more controversial. In this review, we will outline risk factors for portal vein thrombosis, discuss indications for treatment, and evaluate both pharmacological and endovascular treatment options, highlighting unique clinical considerations dependent on the presence or absence of cirrhosis.
The newborn Fmr1 knockout mouse: a novel model of excess ubiquinone and closed mitochondrial permeability transition pore in the developing heart.

Background Mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) closure triggers cardiomyocyte differentiation during development while pathological opening causes cell death during myocardial ischemia-reperfusion and heart failure. Ubiquinone modulates the mPTP; however, little is known about its mechanistic role in health and disease. We previously found excessive proton leak in newborn Fmr1 KO mouse forebrain caused by ubiquinone deficiency and increased open mPTP probability. Because of the physiological differences between the heart and brain during maturation, we hypothesized that developing Fmr1 KO cardiomyocyte mitochondria would demonstrate dissimilar features. Methods Newborn male Fmr1 KO mice and controls were assessed. Respiratory chain enzyme activity, ubiquinone content, proton leak, and oxygen consumption were measured in cardiomyocyte mitochondria. Cardiac function was evaluated via echocardiography. Results In contrast to controls, Fmr1 KO cardiomyocyte mitochondria demonstrated increased ubiquinone content and decreased proton leak. Leak was cyclosporine (CsA)-sensitive in controls and CsA-insensitive in Fmr1 KOs. There was no difference in absolute mitochondrial respiration or cardiac function between strains. Conclusion These findings establish the newborn Fmr1 KO mouse as a novel model of excess ubiquinone and closed mPTP in the developing heart. Such a model may help provide insight into the biology of cardiac development and pathophysiology of neonatal heart failure. Impact Ubiquinone is in excess and the mPTP is closed in the developing FXS heart. Strengthens evidence of open mPTP probability in the normally developing postnatal murine heart and provides new evidence for premature closure of the mPTP in Fmr1 mutants. Establishes a novel model of excess CoQ and a closed pore in the developing heart. Such a model will be a valuable tool used to better understand the role of ubiquinone and the mPTP in the neonatal heart in health and disease.
Causes of Failures After Antireflux Surgery and Indication, Technique and Results of Laparoscopic Redo-Antireflux Procedures

After the “boom” of laparoscopic antireflux surgery in the past 25 years, the necessity of revisional surgery (redo-surgery) has also increased. It can be anticipated from large series that the average overall necessity of redo-antireflux surgery is around 5% (5–60%) The failure after antireflux surgery can be defined as persisting, recurrent, or new onset of troublesome symptoms after the primary procedure or by results of objective testing. Reasons for failures are partial or complete loss of the antireflux barrier, a new-onset dysphagia combined with or without reflux problems due to an incorrectly placed wrap, a slipped wrap, or dysphagia due to a peptic stenosis caused by reflux recurrence or a compression of the distal esophagus by paraesophageal herniation, as well as epigastric pain, cramps, and/or nausea and vomiting by gastroparesis. Insufficient, preoperative diagnostic workup and neglecting important pathophysiologic factors that should have influenced the decision for surgery could also be a major cause of failure. A superficial approach necessary for diagnostic evaluations of the patient and a superficial process of therapeutic decision-making will lead to inappropriate selection of patients. Most frequent problems are migration of the wrap and mediastinal dislocation, a partial or complete breakdown of the wrap, a short esophagus, a slippage of the wrap, and other anatomical changes. The failure rate after redo-antireflux surgery lies between 15% and 25%. This underlines the importance to have at least the redo-surgery done in a dedicated esophageal center.
E-237 Ruptured blister-type cerebral aneurysm treated with flow diversion using a novel antiplatelet agent cangrelor

Introduction Blister type aneurysms are challenging to treat surgically and endovascularly with the ideal treatment approach debated. Recently, endovascular procedures, specifically, flow diversion, gained popularity in treating blister aneurysms; however, the need for dual antiplatelet therapy arouses concern, especially in blister aneurysms with their high risk of intraprocedural rupture that may require further intervention. Cangrelor is a novel intravenous P2Y12 platelet receptor antagonist with reversible binding and rapid onset and offset of action. These characteristics are appealing for use in endovascular procedures and may mitigate some concerns associated with other P2Y12 receptor antagonists. Case Summary This is a 42-year old female who presented with sudden onset of severe headache, nausea, and vomiting. On exam, she was drowsy with no focal neurologic deficits. Initial CT head, CT angiogram, and digital subtraction angiography (DSA) were negative for aneurysm or other vascular pathology. On post bleed day (PBD) 7, repeat DSA demonstrated severe vasospasm and a nonspecific ectatic segment along the distal intracranial internal carotid artery (ICA). On daily angiograms for intraarterial spasmolysis, the ectatic segment remained unchanged until PBD 14, when it began to enlarge and exhibited rapid growth over several days. Management We treated this patient endovascularly using a pipeline flow diversion device. Immediately prior to pipeline placement, in addition to aspirin and heparin, we also began infusing cangrelor, a novel, reversible, intravenous P2Y12 platelet receptor antagonist with rapid onset and offset of action. After the procedure, she transitioned from cangrelor to prasugrel. Our patient tolerated the procedure well, and on post-procedure day 4, she was discharged home on daily prasugrel and aspirin. To date, our patient is doing well clinically, and her pipeline appears patent with no evidence of aneurysm recurrence. Conclusion This is one of the first reports of the use of cangrelor in neuro-endovascular procedures. This is important as cangrelor has the potential for improving the safety of endovascular procedures especially in patients where treatment is associated with high risks of intraprocedural bleeding or other complications that may require further intervention, such as in treatment of blister aneurysms. Disclosures T. Wilson: None. D. Ramanathan: None. J. Dye: None.
Stage-dependent actions of antimüllerian hormone in regulating granulosa cell proliferation and follicular function in the primate ovary.

Objective To study the direct action and physiological role of antimullerian hormone (AMH) in regulating ovarian follicular development and function in vivo in primates. Design Animals were assigned to six treatment sequences in a crossover design study. Intraovarian infusion was performed during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle with agents including: control vehicle; recombinant human AMH (rhAMH); and neutralizing anti–human AMH antibody (AMHAb). Before ovariectomy after the final treatment, the animals received intravenous injections of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU). Setting National primate research center. Animal(s) Adult female rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). Intervention(s) None. Main Outcome Measure(s) Cycle length, follicle cohorts, and serum steroid levels were assessed. Ovarian histology, as well as granulosa cell (GC) proliferation and oocyte viability, were evaluated. Result(s) In vehicle-infused ovaries, a dominant follicle was observed at midcycle E2 peak. However, rhAMH-treated ovaries exhibited an increased number of small antral follicles, whereas AMHAb-treated ovaries developed multiple large antral follicles. Serum E2 levels in the follicular phase decreased after rhAMH infusion and increased after AMHAb infusion. The rhAMH infusion increased serum T levels. Whereas early-growing follicles of rhAMH-treated ovaries contained BrdU-positive GCs, antral follicles containing BrdU-positive GCs were identified in AMHAb-treated ovaries. Autophagy was observed in oocytes of early-growing and antral follicles exposed to AMHAb and rhAMH, respectively. Conclusion(s) AMH enhanced early-stage follicle growth, but prevented antral follicle development and function via its stage-dependent regulation of GC proliferation and oocyte viability. This study provides information relevant to the pathophysiology of ovarian dysfunction and the treatment of infertility.
Safe Pain Management with Opioids in Posttransplant Patients

Pain is frequently experienced by hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) patients and survivors of HCT. Effective pain management can be challenging during HCT treatment due to comorbidities and concerns of toxicity related to medications such as acetaminophen and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Oncologists frequently use highly potent opioids to manage patients’ pain and bring relief, particularly for patients who are terminally ill. However, as advances in cancer care improve and more patients are surviving their cancers, oncologists and palliative care providers have needed to rethink their approach to pain and opioid prescribing. The risks associated with long-term prescription opioids are becoming more apparent for some patients who survive HCT. Most oncologists do not feel equipped to address adverse effects related to long-term prescription opioid use, nor have most been educated in the management and treatment options when patients develop the most serious harm of prescription opioid use: severe opioid use disorder. This chapter is intended to provide a framework to offer safer opioid prescribing for pain and help transplant providers understand how to address concerns when they arise.
A Systematic Review of Culturally Responsive Approaches to Child and Adolescent Mental Health Care in Ethiopia.

In 2012/13, the prevalence of child mental illness was estimated to be between 12% and 25% in Ethiopia. The Federal Ministry of Health is currently considering the implementation of the second national mental health strategy guided by the World Health Organization’s pyramid model for an optimal mix of services. This model states self-care as the fundamental concept and practice that can be facilitated by the formal and informal sectors surrounding an individual. Despite this remarkable move towards endorsing contemporary approaches to mental health services, Ethiopia struggles with a limited number of knowledgeable and skilled mental health professionals. Furthermore, the number of child/adolescent mental health professionals are few. This systematic review aims at identifying the main challenges Ethiopia might face while implementing the pyramid model. We will suggest ways to bridge the gap between the need for child/adolescent trained mental health professionals and training mental health professionals informed with the value of integrating the concepts of the pyramid model into the system of mental health care for Ethiopians. The paper also discusses the importance of integrating the Wellness based mental health approach into mental health professionals’ training as a means of developing a culturally responsive approach to child and adolescent services. This review provides implications for further studies and mental health policy, systems and services in Ethiopia.
On the Existence of Word-representable Line Graphs of Non-word-representable Graphs

An open question in the theory of word-representable graphs for the past decade has been whether the line graph of a non-word-representable graph is always non-word-representable. By formulating an appropriate optimization problem for the decision problem of 3-semi-transitive graphs, we show that the line graph of a non-word-representable graph can be word-representable. Using IBM's CPLEX solver, we demonstrate for several known word-representable and non-word-representable graphs that the line graph of a graph is 3-semi-transitive when there is a solution to the optimization problem. This results in an example where the line graph of a non-word-representable graph is both 3-semi-transitive and semi-transitive and thus is word-representable.
Excited state dynamics in monolayer black phosphorus revisited: Accounting for many-body effects.

The dynamics of electron–hole recombination in pristine and defect-containing monolayer black phosphorus (ML-BP) has been studied computationally by several groups relying on the one-particle description of electronic excited states. Our recent developments enabled a more sophisticated and accurate treatment of excited states dynamics in systems with pronounced excitonic effects, including 2D materials such as ML-BP. In this work, I present a comprehensive characterization of optoelectronic properties and nonadiabatic dynamics of the ground state recovery in pristine and divacancy-containing ML-BP, relying on the linear-response time-dependent density functional theory description of excited states combined with several trajectory surface hopping methodologies and decoherence correction schemes. This work presents a revision and new implementation of the decoherence-induced surface hopping methodology. Several popular algorithms for nonadiabatic dynamics algorithms are assessed. The kinetics of nonradiative relaxation of lower-lying excited states in ML-BP systems is revised considering the new methodological developments. A general mechanism that explains the sensitivity of the nonradiative dynamics to the presence of divacancy defect in ML-BP is proposed. According to this mechanism, the excited states’ relaxation may be inhibited by the presence of energetically close higher-energy states if electronic decoherence is present in the system.
What if we just give everything away

A group leader decided that his lab would share the fluorescent dyes they create, for free and without authorship requirements. Nearly 12,000 aliquots later, he reveals what has happened since.
Laparoscopic Plication of Perforated Ulcer

Laparoscopic plication of perforated ulcer is performed for perforated ulcer in patients who are able to tolerate laparoscopic access. This chapter lists the indications, essential steps, common variations in technique, and complications of the procedure. A detailed template operative dictation note is included.
Technology transfer: commercializing university research

Technology transfer strategies have been increasing rapidly in the past six years, driven by economic development concerns. Those strategies include new programs to commercialize university research. The Center for Technology Development and Transfer is a new program with a strong mandate to transfer technology to existing businesses or through the creation of new businesses.
Two-feldspar geothermometry in granulite facies metamorphic rocks

A geothermometric technique based on equilibria between coexisting plagioclase and alkali feldspar was applied to quartzo-feldspathic granulites from Salvador, BA, Brazil. The conditions of metamorphism were determined to be in the range 750 ° C–800 ° C, 4–8 Kb, by comparison with experimental data on the stabilities of sapphirine, phlogopite and other minerals occurring in the associated rocks. Selected feldspar data gives temperatures near, but slightly below, this range. Several variants of the Wood and Banno model, as well as an empirical two-pyroxene geothermometer, were also tested and found to give temperatures which were apparently 50 °–100 ° high. The solubility of Al2O3 in orthopyroxene indicates temperatures which are about 200 ° to high, suggesting that Fe in the natural assemblages significantly changes relationships observed experimentally in MgO-Al2O3-SiO2 systems.
Isolation of transposon insertions.

Abstract Transposon insertions in and near a gene of interest facilitate the genetic characterization of a gene in vivo . This chapter is dedicated to describing the isolation of mini‐Tn10 insertions in any desired nonessential gene in Salmonella enterica , as well as the isolation of mini‐Tn10 insertions near particular genes. The protocols describe use of a tetracycline‐resistant Tn10 derivative, but similar approaches can be used for derivatives resistant to other antibiotics. In addition, these approaches are directly applicable to other bacteria that have generalized transducing phages.
Application of the benthic index of biotic integrity to environmental monitoring in Chesapeake Bay

The Chesapeake Bay benthic index of biotic integrity (B-IBI) was developed to assess benthic community health and environmental quality in Chesapeake Bay. The B-IBI provides Chesapeake Bay monitoring programs with a uniform tool with which to characterize bay-wide benthic community condition and assess the health of the Bay. A probability-based design permits unbiased annual estimates of areal degradation within the Chesapeake Bay and its tributaries with quantifiable precision. However, of greatest interest to managers is the identification of problem areas most in need of restoration. Here we apply the B-IBI to benthic data collected in the Bay since 1994 to assess benthic community degradation by Chesapeake Bay Program segment and water depth. We used a new B-IBI classification system that improves the reliability of the estimates of degradation. Estimates were produced for 67 Chesapeake Bay Program segments. Greatest degradation was found in areas that are known to experience hypoxia or show toxic contamination, such as the mesohaline portion of the Potomac River, the Patapsco River, and the Maryland mainstem. Logistic regression models revealed increased probability of degraded benthos with depth for the lower Potomac River, Patapsco River, Nanticoke River, lower York River, and the Maryland mainstem. Our assessment of degradation by segment and water depth provided greater resolution of relative condition than previously available, and helped define the extent of degradation in Chesapeake Bay.
Visuospatial Ability and Language Processing in Reading Disabled and Normal Children

Publisher Summary This chapter presents a study that compared the phonological and visuospatial abilities of a group of thoroughly studied, normal and reading disabled children. The subjects were 38 children from the Bowman Gray learning disability project. If a child's reading standardized score at 5th grade was between 85 and 115 (±1 SD from the mean) on the Woodcock Johnson, he or she was classified as a good reader. Those below this range were classified as poor readers. Twenty-one good readers and 17 poor readers were studied. The children in the Bowman Gray Project were followed for 5 years, and 450 variables were recorded on each. The 38 children were chosen to have normal IQ and good or poor reading. These results demonstrate that visual tasks which test children's ability to localize and orientate small targets, particularly on the left hand side, together with those which index binocular stability, were almost as useful in discriminating between good and bad readers as were the phonological tests. Likewise, they correlated as well with reading ability.
Negotiating Debt Covenants in Bankruptcy Court

In this paper we theorize how bondholders and shareholders negotiate debt covenants after a firm has already filed for bankruptcy. This event triggers unique turmoil in the transfer of control rights between shareholders and creditors, and it further opens a window of opportunity for debt-holders to seek improvement in existing debt covenants as a return for approving the reorganization plan. Therefore, when a firm files for chapter eleven, it also shifts bargaining strength from shareholders to debt-holders hence the latter can exploit this situation for their own utility maximization and negotiate improvements in debt provisions as a further insurance upon deceleration of interest debt payments. The key difference between negotiating debt covenants during the normal business cycle and at the bankruptcy court is that in the latter case creditors gain the upper hand and therefore can request to further tighten debt covenants. Our goal in this study is to find the optimum levels of improvement in debt covenants creditors can request and receive within various sets of information, and to investigate how these equilibrium solutions interact with different economic variables. We construct four Nash equilibrium bargaining games with different information asymmetry levels between two types of creditors, senior and subordinate, and shareholders of a bankrupt firm, which can be either good or bad. We examine various separating and pooling equilibria, and different sensitivities to the type of creditors and bankrupt firms, the debt-holders and the firm's discount rates, the probability of having the reorganization plan approved, the available information set, the level of risk-aversion, the economic cycle, the promised coupon rate, and the continuous bargaining costs. We contribute to the financial literature by directing our attention towards a distinctive period of corporate restructuring and the negotiations that follow. To the best of our knowledge, this unique episode is yet to be explored.
Improved hardness results for approximating the chromatic number

First, a simplified geometric proof is presented for the result of C. Lund and M. Yannakakis (1994) saying that for some /spl epsiv/>0 it is NP-hard to approximate the chromatic number of graphs with N vertices by a factor of N/sup /spl epsiv//. Then, more sophisticated techniques are employed to improve the exponent. A randomized twisting method allows us to completely pack a certain space with copies of a graph without much affecting the independence number. Together with the newest results of M. Bellare et al. (1995), on the number of amortized free bits, it is shown that for every /spl epsiv/>0 the chromatic number cannot be approximated by a factor of N/sup 1/5-/spl epsiv// unless NP=ZPP. Finally, we get polynomial lower bounds in terms of /spl chi/. Unless NP=ZPP, the performance ratio of every polynomial time algorithm approximating the chromatic number of /spl chi/-colorable graphs (i.e., the chromatic number is at most /spl chi/) is at least /spl chi//sup 1/5-o(1/) (where the o-notation is with respect to /spl chi/).
Coherent array imaging with sparse arrays

For coherent, phased-array imaging systems, sparse arrays are often used in which the aperture is not completely filled by the array. Often, the data that are not collected by the array are set to zero and an image is obtained through a straight-forward Fourier inversion. An alternative technique-based on the method of maximum-likelihood estimation from incomplete data-is discussed for handling the missing data and forming images from data acquired by a coherent imaging system with a sparse array.
A Robust Failure Diagnostics Scheme for Nonlinear Thermofluid Processes

The catastrophic failure of many physical systems is often precipitated by degradation of minor system components. A real time microprocessor based diagnostic scheme may detect system abnormalities and apply various strategies to determine whether compensatory action is required. In this paper, a robust innovations-based failure detection methodology for improved heat pump performance is presented. A sixth-order nonlinear model and an extended Kalman filter were used to reconstruct the system's state based upon limited sensor feedback. The estimated mass flow rates and pressures were statistically monitored and failures predicted based upon the repeated violation of an alarm threshold. A series of heat pump failures are experimentally induced and representative results presented and analyzed to demonstrate the potential advantages of this diagnostic approach.
Effects of once weekly dual-task training in older adults: a pilot randomized controlled trial.

Aim: To compare single-task and dual-task training on obstacle avoidance, gait speed and balance in healthy community-dwelling older adults. Methods: A total of 17 older adults (65–83 years) participated in a group circuit class, once weekly for 45 min for 4 weeks. The dual-task group carried out cognitive activities simultaneously with gait and balance exercises. The single-task training group carried out identical gait and balance activities without cognitive tasks. We assessed time to complete a 6-m obstacle course under single-task and three different dual-task conditions (spontaneous speech, alphabet recitation and coin transfer), 25-ft gait speed, Timed Up and Go, and the Activities-specific Balance Confidence Scale. Results: Both groups showed significant improvement in gait speed and Timed Up and Go. In addition, the proportion of participants who achieved gait speed >1.0 m/s increased in both groups. There were no within- or between-subjects differences in obstacle course performance under single or dual-task conditions after the intervention. Conclusion: Once weekly group circuit training focusing on balance, gait and agility, with or without simultaneous cognitive tasks, resulted in significantly improved walking speed among older adults. Group-format dual-task training once per week did not improve walking time or dual-task cost on an obstacle negotiation task. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2012; ••: ••–••.
Seasonal Variation in the Structure of a Marine Benthic Microbial Community

The patterns of seasonal variation in the structure of a marine benthic microbial community were examined using phospholipid fatty acid analysis (PLFA). Principal component analysis of PLFA profiles indicated a strong seasonal pattern dominated the variance within the data set. Three functional groups of microorganisms (phototrophic microeukaryotes, and two groups of anaerobic bacteria) were disproportionately abundant in the communities that mapped to either extreme of the first principle component. Phototrophic microeukaryotes were most abundant and exhibited the greatest relative abundance during periods of cold water. In contrast, the two functional groups of anaerobic bacteria showed the greatest relative abundance during times of warm water. Differential responses by these groups, and macrofaunal deposit feeders, to light intensity and water temperature were offered as the proximal causes of the observed patterns.
Noninvasive electrical detection of electron spin dynamics at the N atom in N@C60.

Endohedral N@C60 contains an electron spin of S = 3/2 at the central N atom, which, shielded by the C60 cage, has an extremely long spin relaxation time. The π-conjugated C60 cage, when connected to electrodes, provides a highly conductive path for electron transport and enables a noninvasive electrical detection of dynamics of the central spin. Here we use the Keldysh non-equilibrium Green's function and establish a microscopic description of how spin dynamics, including resonance and relaxation, can manifest itself in the device conductance. We predict that magnetic electrodes can enhance the detectivity by orders of magnitude compared with nonmagnetic electrodes. It is shown that this electrical detection is more sensitive to the longitudinal spin component than the transverse one. Hence the transient spin nutation is particularly useful in determining spin decoherence time T2 in such transport device structures. This theory can be used to describe recent experiments of electrically detected spin dynamics in C60 and other systems.
Cultures of Violence: Racial Violence and the Origins of Segregation in South Africa and the American South

Cultures of Violence: Racial Violence and the Origins of Segregation in South Africa and the American South Ivan Evans Manchester, Manchester University Press, 2009. 310 pp. (hbk) 978-0719079047 As...