cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Needed Research in Production/Operations Management: A Behavioral Perspective

In this article the author discusses the need for a reexamination and expansion of the research domain of scholars and practitioners in the field of production/operations management (P/OM). The author notes that while many organizational sociologist accept the idea that P/OM tools are dependent upon organizational design, the actual evidence for this is not very strong. He suggests researching the reverse of this view, noting that many organizations design themselves around a core technology that is known to work and then hire people and pursue markets based on this design.
Inducing plasticity of astrocytic receptors by manipulation of neuronal firing rates.

Close to two decades of research has established that astrocytes in situ and in vivo express numerous G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that can be stimulated by neuronally-released transmitter. However, the ability of astrocytic receptors to exhibit plasticity in response to changes in neuronal activity has received little attention. Here we describe a model system that can be used to globally scale up or down astrocytic group I metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) in acute brain slices. Included are methods on how to prepare parasagittal hippocampal slices, construct chambers suitable for long-term slice incubation, bidirectionally manipulate neuronal action potential frequency, load astrocytes and astrocyte processes with fluorescent Ca2+ indicator, and measure changes in astrocytic Gq GPCR activity by recording spontaneous and evoked astrocyte Ca2+ events using confocal microscopy. In essence, a “calcium roadmap” is provided for how to measure plasticity of astrocytic Gq GPCRs. Applications of the technique for study of astrocytes are discussed. Having an understanding of how astrocytic receptor signaling is affected by changes in neuronal activity has important implications for both normal synaptic function as well as processes underlying neurological disorders and neurodegenerative disease.
Life Events and Social Rhythms in Bipolar Spectrum Disorders: An Examination of Social Rhythm Sensitivity

Abstract Objectives To examine the presence of an underlying social rhythm sensitivity in individuals with bipolar spectrum disorders. Methods The present study examined the impact of life events on sleep loss and social rhythm disruption in 184 individuals with bipolar spectrum disorders (BSD) compared to 197 demographically similar normal controls (NC) drawn from the Longitudinal Investigation of Bipolar Spectrum Disorders (LIBS) project. Life events data were obtained at three time points, each spaced four months apart, and included information on the intensity of the event (high or low), valence (negative or positive), and levels of sleep loss and social rhythm disruption brought about the event. We hypothesized that BSD participants would exhibit higher levels of social rhythm disruption and sleep loss than normal controls as a consequence of the same life events. Results BSD participants experienced significantly more social rhythm disruption and sleep loss following all classes of life events. Limitations The cross-sectional design of this study limits the strength of the conclusions that can be drawn, primarily cause and effect relationships between social rhythms and symptoms. Conclusions Findings support the presence of an underlying social rhythm sensitivity in individuals with bipolar spectrum disorders. An additive effect of sleep loss and social rhythm disruption may contribute to subsequent mood symptomatology. Results from this study may inform early psychosocial interventions for at-risk individuals.
Comorbidity of conduct disorder and depression among adolescents: Implications for assessment and treatment

This article reviews the empirical literature on the comorbidity of depression and conduct disorder in adolescence, and hypothesized mechanisms for understanding this overlap. Cognitive behavioral models of conduct disorder and depression are briefly reviewed, and points of convergence are discussed. Components of an integrated treatment program are presented. Treatment of comorbid adolescents requires an individualized case formulation and attention to the developmental level of the adolescent.
Operative delay for peripheral malperfusion syndrome in acute type A aortic dissection: a long-term analysis.

Background We previously reported an improvement in early mortality for patients presenting with acute type A dissection with malperfusion using a strategy of initial percutaneous intervention to restore end-organ perfusion and delayed operative repair after resolution of the malperfusion syndrome. This study evaluates the late outcomes with this approach. Methods A total of 196 patients were admitted with acute type A dissection (1997–2007). Seventy patients with ischemic end-organ dysfunction underwent percutaneous fenestration or branch vessel stenting. Operative therapy was planned after resolution of the reperfusion injury. Outcomes were compared for patients with (MP) and without (UC) dissection with ischemic end-organ dysfunction. Results The mean age of the patients was 57.1 years, and 173 patients underwent operative repair (n = 126 UC group; n=47 MP group). The remaining 23 patients in the MP group died before repair from complications of malperfusion (11) or aortic rupture (12) while awaiting resolution of the malperfusion syndrome. Operative mortality was seen in 9.2% of all patients (9.5% in UC group vs 8.5% in MP group; P = 1.0). On analysis of the entire cohort (n = 196), the mean survival was higher for the uncomplicated group (95.9 months for UC group vs 53.7 months for MP group; P P = .45). Conclusion A strategy of immediate reperfusion, stabilization, and planned operative repair for acute type A dissection with malperfusion still carries a significant risk for early and late mortality. However, those patients who survive the initial malperfusion and undergo repair have a similar operative and late survival when compared with those patients presenting with uncomplicated dissection.
The clustered dense phase model for group A fluidization: I. Dense phase hydrodynamics

Abstract A new hydrodynamic model is proposed to represent the gas flow in the dense phase of fluidized Group A powders. The model views that the particles form clusters under the influence of inter-particle forces, giving rise to the formation of a heterogeneous void structure consisting of clusters of particles and interstitial cavities. The model contains two parameters, one representing the intrinsic void structure of the clusters and the other representing their size. The model predictions have been tested against reported experimental dense phase hydrodynamic data of Group A powders, both in bubble-free beds and in freely bubbling beds. The results show 2–3 particle clusters in bubble-free beds, but considerably larger clusters, containing 100 particles or so, in the dense phase of freely bubbling beds. The model also provides predictions for bubble through-flow, bubble splitting from below, dense-phase solids circulation, and interstitial gas bypassing in freely bubbling beds.
FEMINIST RESEARCH: QUESTIONS AND METHODS

Although the dictionary definition of “feminism” appears straightforward, the devil is in tlie details. Feminism encompasses diverse frameworks, ideologies, attitudes, and analyses of the political, economic, and social inequalities between women and men (Donovan, 1992; Henley, Meng, O’Brien, McCarthy, & Sockloskie, 1998; Russo, 1998; Russo & Dabul, 1994; Tong, 1998; Walby, 1990). In this pluralistic context, the need for diversity in research methods would seem as obvious as the conclusion that any method that can be used on behalf of women’s rights and interests is by definition a potential feminist tool. The issues to focus on then become: “What are the urgent feminist questions?” and “What methods do we need to answer them?” As knowledge cannot be separated from the method used to generate it, these issues are inextricably intertwined. To me, the excitement that feminism brings to psychology comes out of the questions that feminism brings to our enterprise. The works of feminist psychologists who were trained in the traditional methods of scientific psychology provide many examples of just how useful a scientific lens can be when turned on a feminist question (Madden & Russo, 1997; Russo & Dabul, 1994; Wore11 & Etaugh, 1994). There are numerous demonstrations of the usefulness of an experimental approach. For example, recent articles published in the Psychology of Women Quarterly (PWQ) have documented how empowering and legitimizing token women leaders can enhance their leadership effectiveness (Yoder, Schleicher, & McDonald, 19%) and how so-called “harmless” flirting, even when welcomed by the recipient, can
Electrophysiologic assessment of auditory pathways in high risk infants

This study evaluated auditory processing in a group of 59 infants at risk for subsequent hearing and language disorders due to low birthweight and/or perinatal asphyxia. Auditory system integrity was evaluated electrophysiologically by recording the auditory brainstem response (ABR), middle latency response (MLR) and the cortical auditory evoked potential (CAEP). 63% of the babies had normal peripheral function or slight unilateral impairment; 84% had normal brainstem auditory system function; 82% showed normal MLRs; and 81% showed normal CAEPs. Fifty-three percent of the babies were normal on all tests and only 3% were deviant on all tests. The remaining infants showed diverse patterns of peripheral, brainstem and cortical abnormalities.
A Personalized Approach to Assessing and Managing Pain in Patients With Cancer

Pain is one of the most common and distressing symptoms in patients with cancer. In this review, we discuss an evidence-based approach to personalized pain assessment and management. Recent insights into the pain expression pathway have led to a paradigm shift in pain management, allowing clinicians to deliver personalized treatments tailored to the individual's needs. Personalized pain management begins with systematic screening, followed by comprehensive pain assessment. Impeccable characterization of pain informs its etiology and the mechanism to guide treatment choices. Identification of modulators of pain expression such as psychological distress, alcoholism, substance use, and delirium allow clinicians to further tailor treatment recommendations. Documentation of a personalized pain goal provides an individualized response criterion. A multidimensional treatment plan is then formulated targeting the pain mechanism, etiologic factors, and modulators. Finally, longitudinal monitoring customized to the...
The Progesterone Receptor and Its Isoforms in Mammary Development

In contrast to most other organs, the development f normal mammary glands occurs mostly in the ostnatal state and in a discontinuous fashion. In all pecies, the glands are composed of various cell ypes and it is the epithelium, embedded in the fatty troma (commonly known as the “fat pad”), that is argeted for proliferation and differentiation. Our urrent understanding of the developmental biology f mammary glands is mostly derived from studies n experimental systems using mice and rats (1,2). t is, however, known that the overall patterns of rowth and differentiation and the generation of arious morphological structures are similar in roents and humans (3,4). Beginning with pioneering in vivo studies done in he late fifties (5), it is now well established that esrogen and progesterone are absolutely essential for ammary epithelial cell proliferation and differentiaion. Accordingly, the majority of mammary developent accompanies two discrete physiological states, hen effects of estrogen and progesterone dominate, amely, puberty and pregnancy. The epithelial growth ccurring during puberty is ductal in nature, while hat occurring during pregnancy results in lobuloaleolar structures (5). It is well established that lobun g ( m
Observation Learning in Cats

In two experiments cats acquired a stimulus-controlled approach or avoidance response by observational or conventional shaping procedures. Observer cats acquired the avoidance response (hurdle jumping in response to a buzzer stimulus) significantly faster and made fewer errors than cats that were conventionally trained. Observer cats acquired the approach response (lever pressing for food in response to a light stimulus) with significantly fewer errors than cats that were conventionally trained. In some cases, observer cats committed one or no errors while reaching criterion.
The effect of starter fertilizers on cotton production in legume residues

Abstract Field and greenhouse studies were conducted to identify starter fertilizers which would enhance cotton seedling survival, growth, and yield in legume residues. Field studies were initiated in the fall of 1982 on a Norfolk sandy loam (Typic Paleudult) in the Upper Coastal Plain of Alabama. Winter annual legumes, crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.) and hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) were established as whole plots along with a winter fallow area. Split plot treatments consisted of O, N, P, K, NP, NK, and NPK starter fertilizers. The cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) was planted with a conservation tillage planting unit with in‐row subsoilers. The starter fertilizers were applied deep (8 to 10 inches) in the subsoil track. Greenhouse studies were also conducted with soil from whole plot areas top dressed with corresponding legume tissue at a rate of .9 g tissue/500 g soil. Seedlings in the greenhouse were rated for disease and emergence, and dry weights were recorded. Cotton populations in field...
Microbond method for determination of the shear strength of a fiber/resin interface: Evaluation of experimental parameters

Abstract We have examined the influence of various experimental parameters on fiber/resin interfacial shear strengths determined for four fiber/resin systems (aramid, glass and carbon fibers with an epoxy resin) by the microbond pullout method introduced in Part I. The initial tension on the fiber before shearing begins has no effect on the shear strength; neither do the small variations in loading rate caused by fiber length variations at constant extension rate. Because the applied shearing force in any pull-out experiment decreases with distance from the point of application, measured shear strength decreases if the embedment area is increased several-fold. Shearing of a microdroplet by a debonded microdroplet results in the same shear strength value as shearing by the microvise; this supports our contention that the force exerted on the interface in the microbond experiment is predominantly a shearing force. Finally, the large numbers of individual measurements for a given system possible with the microbond technique provide distributions of shear strengths that reflect real differences in bond strength attributed to fiber surface heterogeneity.
6-Amino-4-(pyrimidin-4-yl)pyridones: Novel glycogen synthase kinase-3β inhibitors

Abstract The synthesis and structure–activity relationships for a novel series of 6-amino-4-(pyrimidin-4-yl)pyridones derived from a high throughput screening hit are discussed. Optimization of lead matter afforded compounds with good potency, selectivity and central nervous system (CNS) exposure.
Fluorescence Analysis: A New Approach

Abstract The Video Fluorometer is a new instrument for fluorescence analysis which offers significant advantages for the study of complex systems. This instrument can acquire 241 fluorescence spectra, taken at 241 different exciting wavelengths in 16.7 milliseconds. These results are displayed in a three-dimensional graphical format in real time. Coupled with a laboratory computer, this instrument should provide new algorithms for the analysis of luminescence spectra of multi-component systems.
A compact optofluidic microscope

We demonstrate a novel optical imaging device that can be directly integrated into a microfluidic network, and therefore enables on-chip imaging in a microfluidic system. This micro imaging device, termed optofluidic microscope (OFM) is free of bulk optics and is based on a nanohole array defined in a non-transmissive metallic layer that is patterned onto the floor of the microfluidic channel. The operation of the optofluidic microscope will be explained in details and its performance is examined by using a popular animal model, Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegam). lmages from a large population of nematode worms are efficiently acquired within a short time frame. The quality of the OFM images of C elegam and the morphological characteristics revealed therein are evaluated. Two groups of early-stage C elegans larvae, wild-type and dpy-24 are successfully separated even though their morphological difference at the larval stage is subtle. The experimental results support our claim that the methodology described therein can be effectively used to develop a powerful tool for fulfilling high-resolution, high-throughput imaging task in microfluidics-based systems.
Bakhtin on Teaching Style

Bakhtin claims that students must learn to write lively prose, but they will not until teachers have a grammar of style that links syntax to stylistic qualities such as “lively” and “creative.” It is, however, unlikely that such a grammar could be written, because particular rhetorical effects too often depend on context, perceived intention, and so on. Moreover, such a grammar will not be written until language describing a writer or a writer’s style can be translated into language describing a reader’s response. Even so, some stylistic effects can be linked to some syntactic structures, and parataxis is one of them. Bakhtin’s method of teaching—showing how the same content expressed in different ways can have contrasting rhetorical effects—is sound. Although he focuses on pedagogy, his own language suggests a larger aim: the replacement of bureaucratic language with the language of the people, perhaps even the liberalization of Soviet society.
Framing Capital Punishment in Japan: Avoidance, Ambivalence, and Atonement

This article examines how two of Japan’s largest newspapers frame death penalty issues. Through a content analysis of 7,153 Asahi and Nikkei articles in the 66-month period from January 1, 2007 to June 30, 2012, 11 death penalty frames are identified: inevitability, atonement by dying, atonement by living, victims’ rights and emotions, human rights, miscarriage of justice, calls for discussion, life without parole, deterrence, public support, and retribution. In addition to frames, we examined who the main voices are in each article on capital punishment. We found that avoidance and ambivalence are the two main approaches taken by Asahi and Nikkei to cover death penalty issues, and the most surprising finding is the high salience of atonement as a frame for thinking about capital punishment. In Japan, atonement is used to justify (atone by dying) and oppose (atone by living) the death penalty. Although atonement by living in prison and atonement by dying at the gallows imply radically different outcomes, the flexibility of the atonement frame may suggest new possibilities for Japan’s anti-death penalty movement.
Effect of pig-specific cytokines on mobilization of hematopoietic progenitor cells in pigs and on pig bone marrow engraftment in baboons.

Kozlowski T, Monroy R, Giovino M, Hawley RJ, Glaser R, Li Z, Meshulam DH, Spitzer TR, Cooper DKC and Sachs DH Effect of pig specific cytokines on mobilization of hematopoietic progenitor cells in pigs and on pig bone marrow engraftment in baboons. Xenotransplantation 1999; 6: 00-00. ©Munksgaard, Copenhagen. Abstract: Mixed hematopoietic chimerism has been found to be a requirement for achieving specific immunologic hyporesponsiveness. Some of the requirements for in vitro and in vivo coexistence of discordant hematopoietic systems in the pig-to-baboon (or human) model have been investigated. We have tested the efficacy of pig-specific cytokines (PSC) (IL3, SCF, GM-CSF) in the mobilization of porcine bone marrow (BM) progenitors in vivo (i) in the pig and (ii) in baboons that underwent a conditioning regimen and porcine BM transplantation. In a preliminary in vitro study, porcine BM cells were incubated in various media to assess the effect of human plasma on pig progenitors in a colony-forming unit (CFU) assay. In in vivo studies, four pigs received PSC and one control pig did not. Six baboons underwent natural antibody removal, with subsequent pig BM transplantation. Four of these six underwent nonmyeloablative (n=2) or myeloablative (n=2) conditioning and all received PSC treatment. Two baboons did not receive PSC, one of which underwent a nonmyeloablative regimen. Sequential blood samples and BM biopsies in pigs and baboons were analyzed by CFU assay for the detection of porcine cells. Baboon samples were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect porcine DNA. In the case of the in vitro tests, colony forming by porcine progenitors was not inhibited by media containing human plasma and for the in vivo tests, PSC increased the number of progenitors in pig BM; mobilization of progenitors into the peripheral blood was observed. PSC-treated baboons which experienced transient depletion of leukocytes < 1,000/ml (as an effect of the conditioning regimen) had porcine BM cells detectable by PCR for as long as day 316 after BM transplantation. In conclusion we found that: (i) under the conditions of these studies, in vitro porcine progenitor cell growth was not inhibited by human plasma containing natural antibody and complement; (ii) PSC treatment led to an increased number of progenitors in pig BM and peripheral blood; (iii) the combination of an effective conditioning regimen and treatment with PSC was capable of inducing long-term survival of pig progenitors in baboons, although only a low level of engraftment was achieved.
Long-Term Effects of Total Social Isolation Upon Behavior of Rhesus Monkeys:

8 isolate monkeys were compared in a follow-up study to 8 sophisticated controls in brief cross-sectional pairings with 12 stimulus strangers: 4 adults, 4 age-mates, and 4 juveniles. The isolates were characterized by infantile disturbance, less environmental orality, more fear, more aggression, less sex, less play, and bizarre ritualistic movements. 12-mo. isolates were fearful and nonaggressive but threatened many attacks. 6-mo. isolates were fearful and physically aggressive. The 12-mo. isolates demonstrated practically no positive social behavior. Conclusions are: (a) 6 mo. of social isolation during the first year has negative effects on social behavior up to puberty, (b) abnormal aggression appears in 3-yr.-old 6-mo. isolates, and (c) 12 mo. of isolation suppress or delay this aggression.
The Effects of Spatial Configuration on Preschoolers' Attention Strategies, Selective Attention, and Incidental Learning.

This study investigated the effects of spatial arrangement on preschool children's selective attention and incidental learning. Three- and four-year old children were shown a multi-coloured box designated as a ‘special place’ containing miniature chairs and models of animals. One category of objects were designated as relevant and one as irrelevant. Relevant items were placed in each of the apparatus' corners, in the middle of its walls, or in two corners and in the middle of two walls. Findings revealed that children shown relevant items in corners demonstrated the greatest number of correct relocations for relevant items while those shown relevant items in the middle of the walls showed the greatest number of correct relocations for irrelevant items. Findings also suggest that for both age groups, the ability to recall relevant items may have been independent of their ability to demonstrate a selective attention strategy. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dislodgeable captan residues at Florida strawberry farms

Abstract Dislodgeable leaf and soil surface residues of captan were collected from a large commercial Florida strawberry farm during the entire growing/harvesting season (November 1984 to March 1985). Captan applications maintained a level of 1 to 3 ug/cm 2 on strawberry leaves. An estimate of the leaf surface residue transfer rate to Florida strawberry harvester clothing gave 1.44 to 4.33 mg/h. Soil residues ranged from trace amounts to 25 ppm. At another strawberry farm, a single application of captan dissipated with a first-order half-life of 5.82 ± 0.35 days over a 7-week period (April to June 1985).
Flutter instability of laminated composite shear deformable flat panels exposed to a supersonic coplanar gas flow of arbitrary direction

Flutter instability of symmetrically laminated anisotropic composite flat panels exposed to a coplanar supersonic flow of arbitrary direction is analysed Due to the complexity of the problem, the solution is obtained via the Rayleigh-Ritz procedure generalized to the case of non-conservative systems. Towards the same goal, the concept of the stability parabola coupled with Sylvester's determinant technique are used to determine the flutter boundary. The structural plate model incorporates the effects of transverse shear as well as the material anisotropy and heterogeneity while the aerodynamic loads are expressed in terms of the supersonic quasi-steady 2-dimensional approximation. The numerical results underline the strong influence played by transverse shear, as well as the inadequacy of the classical Kirchhoff model when applied to a panel which does not fulfil the requirements of a thin plate and/or when its material exhibits a weak rigidity in transverse shear
1H n.m.r. relaxation in bituminous coal and semicoke

Abstract Temperature and frequency-dependent proton relaxation measurements, in conjunction with spin concentrations determined by e.s.r., have shown that for fresh and oxidized coal the relaxation mechanism involves spin-diffusion to paramagnetic centres and to rotating methyl groups on alkyl chains. 1 H relaxation in semicokes is more complex; probably both direct relaxation to paramagnetic centres as well as spin-diffusion contribute.
Thiol-dependent K:Cl transport in sheep red cells: VIII. Activation through metabolically and chemically reversible oxidation by diamide.

The sulfhydryl (SH) oxidant diamide activated in a concentration-dependent manner ouabain-resistant (OR), Cl-dependent K flux in both low potassium (LK) and high potassium (HK) sheep red cells as determined from the rate of zero-trans K efflux into media with Cl or Cl replaced by NO3 or methane sulfonate (CH3SO3). Diamide did not alter the OR Na efflux into choline Cl. The diamide effect on K efflux appeared after 80% of cellular glutathione (GSH) was oxidized to GSSG, its disulfide. The stimulation of K efflux was completely reversed during metabolic restitution of GSH, a process that depended on the length of exposure to and the concentration of diamide. The action of diamide on both the K:Cl transporter and GSH was also fully reversed by the reducing agent dithiothreitol (DTT). Diamide apparently oxidized the same SH groups alkylated by N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) (Lauf, P.K. 1983. J. Membrane Biol. 73:237-246). Like NEM, diamide activated K:Cl transport several-fold more in LK cells than in HK cells, and the effect on LK cells was partially inhibited by anti-L1, the allo-antibody known to inhibit OR K fluxes.
Particle size characterization by quadruple-detector hydrodynamic chromatography

Particle size and shape and their distribution directly influence a variety of end-use material properties related to packing, mixing, and transport of powders, solutions, and suspensions. Many of the techniques currently employed for particle size characterization have found limited applicability for broadly polydisperse and/or nonspherical particles. Here, we introduce a quadruple-detector hydrodynamic chromatography (HDC) method utilizing static multiangle light scattering (MALS), quasi-elastic light scattering (QELS), differential viscometry (VISC), and differential refractometry (DRI), and apply the technique to characterizing a series of solid and hollow polystyrene latexes with diameters in the approximate range of 40–400 nm. Using HDC/MALS/QELS/VISC/DRI, we were able to determine a multiplicity of size parameters and their polydispersity and to monitor the size of the particles across the elution profile of each sample. Using self-similarity scaling relationships between the molar mass and the various particle radii, we were also able to ascertain the shape of the latexes and the shape constancy as a function of particle size. The particle shape for each latex was confirmed by the dimensionless ratio ρ ≡ R G,z /R H,z which, in addition, provided information on the structure (compactness) of the latexes as a function of particle size. Solid and hollow polystyrene latex samples were also differentiable using these methods. Extension of this method to nonspherical, fractal objects should be possible.
Hexokinase of white adipose tissue.

Abstract Apparent Michaelis constants for glucose and fructose of white adipose tissue hexokinase have been estimated by determining the rate of hexose C-1 oxidation through the hexose monophosphate shunt with added glucose-6- P dehydrogenase and NADP + . The values obtained are: fructose, 3 mM; glucose, 0.07 mM. It is likely that a single enzyme catalyzes the phosphorylation of glucose and fructose since a summation of reaction rates is not observed in the presence of both sugars. Glucose competitively inhibits fructose phosphorylation although the presence of fructose has little or no effect on glucose phosphorylation. This observation is in keeping with the relative affinities of the enzyme for the two hexoses. The enzyme displays a specific requirement for ATP and is activated both by magnesium and manganese ions. Under the experimental conditions described, glucose phosphorylation rates of between 30 and 60 μmoles/min/g of adipose tissue nitrogen were observed.
An Analysis of Damage to U.S. Soybean Yields from 1982 Acid Deposition Levels

Experimental data were compiled for seven soybean varieties studied at four different locations in the U.S. for a period of one to three years. Three dose–response functions (linear, quadratic, and Weibull) were fitted, as appropriate, to the experimental data. Effects of acid deposition on soybean yields were estimated by combining variety-specific dose–response and production data. These calculations suggest that U.S. soybean production (2.2 billion bushels in 1982) would increase by 3.2 million bushels with a 10% reduction in 1982 hydrogen ion concentration levels in all counties where soybeans were grown, and by almost 70 million bushels with uniform improvement to pH 5.2. These estimates are based on many simplifying assumptions and are subject to several important sources of uncertainty explored in this study. The calculated changes are small in comparison with effects from other natural and anthropogenic stresses.
Effects of operator mood on performance in a simulated driving task

175 males and 175 females were administered a Mood Adjective Check List and were then tested in a simulated driving task. Correlations between mood factor scores and performance measures were compu...
Physical properties of medium-density wheat straw particleboard using different adhesives ☆

Wheat straw can be used as a fiber source for making particleboard. Straw particleboard has broad applications because of its rigidness, strength, and low cost. The objective of this research was to characterize the physical properties of medium-density wheat straw particleboard as affected by various types of adhesives, including methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI), urea formaldehyde (UF), soybean protein isolate (SPI), and soybean flour (SF), as well as chemical treatment of the straw. Wheat straw particleboard was molded using a hot press. Mechanical properties, water absorption, thickness swell, and equilibrium moisture content were measured on the resulting particleboard. Among all adhesives, particleboard made from MDI showed superior mechanical performance and water resistance. Particleboard made from bleached straw had improved mechanical performance over that made from untreated straw. Soybean-based adhesives showed similar or better mechanical strength than UF resins for particleboard made from bleached straw, which indicated that soybean-based adhesives could be used to replace UF resin for indoor construction and furniture to avoid toxic emission from UF. Although the soybean-based adhesives had poorer mechanical properties than MDI resin, it is environmental friendly and could be used in applications with less stringent requirements for mechanical strength.
Spectral analysis for automorphisms of UHF C∗-algebras

Abstract We study outer conjugacy for aperiodic automorphisms of UHF C ∗ -algebras. We show the existence of an action on the universal UHF algebra which is absorbing, via tensor product. For product actions we provide an explicit criterion for the action to be absorbing. This criterion involves the eventual uniform distribution, mod 1, of the eigenvalues of the approximating unitaries.
Structural Features of Two T-Cell-Specific Genes That Suggest a Potential Role in HTLV-I-Associated Pathology

The Rpt-1 gene product is an intranuclear protein expressed by CD4+ T-cells, which may regulate expression of the interleukin-2 receptor. Structural analysis of Rpt-1 reveals structural motifs that are shared by a group of transcriptional regulatory proteins with oncogenic potential. We suggest that altered expression of Rpt-1 may be associated with HTLV-I-dependent T-cell leukemias.
A Relational Model for Spiritually-Sensitive Hospice Care

When faced with terminal illness, it is natural for hospice patients to question the meaning of life. Hospice workers need to have the ability to assist patients in dealing with these questions in case patients need their assistance. Helping patients deal with questions about life meaning is associated with spiritual care. The following article presents a qualitative study on the provision of spiritual care by hospice workers. The results are used to inform a relational model for spiritually-sensitive hospice care that demonstrates how a variety of individual factors have the potential to influence the delivery of spiritual care.
Antiprogestin drugs: ethical issues.

PIP: Ethical issues of RU-486 in the US are the same as those of any new medical technology, but the politics of abortion can tempt us to believe that antiprogestins pose new ethical hazards. Good facts are needed to have good ethics. Risk-benefit assessments reveal medical facts and begin with clinical trials, evaluating RU-486's effectiveness and the degree and likelihood it causes harm, discomfort, and side effects. They should also consider social and psychological risks and benefits. Clinical trails in Los Angeles show that women who had previously undergone a surgical abortion method found RU-486 to be a less violent abortion method. Antiabortion proponents misconstrue this benefit to be a disadvantage, because they believe women undergoing abortion should suffer from pain and suffering. Even though an international convention ensures reproductive freedom for women, women must be informed about and have access to all family planning services in order to exercise this right. Ethics and the law require voluntary, informed consent. Yet, the US prevents workers at federally-funded family planning programs from providing clients any information on abortion, thereby violating this ethical requirement. Ethical precepts are also violated by denying women their right to privacy and by the punitive actions taken against women undergoing abortion by physicians, other health workers, and antiabortion proponents. Ru-486 allows women to undergo an abortion in private. Abortion opponents consider this privacy a disadvantage, because they lose targets for picketing, harassment, and violence. They believe that the improved access to abortion awarded by RU-486 would make abortion emotionally easier for women, leading to an increase in the number of abortions. Yet, there is no empirical evidence to support this. Again they see a benefit (decreased psychological stress) as a disadvantage. Ethical arguments show that RU-486 provides women greater health benefits, fosters their right to reproductive freedom, and improves the prospects for expanded social justice.
Nicotine abstinence produces content-specific Stroop interference

Adult, male smokers were randomly assigned to be nicotine abstinent for 12 h (n = 10) or to smoke normally for the same period of time (n = 10). Performance on a modified version of the Stroop (1935) color-naming task, where subjects named the color of ink in which each of a series of words was written, showed that abstinent smokers took significantly longer to color-name words related to cigarette smoking (e.g., Lighter) than to color-name neutral control words (e.g., Pennant). Non-abstinent smokers showed a significant difference in the opposite direction. These results suggest that nicotine abstinence decreases the ability to ignore the meaning of smoking-related information. This finding supports the hypothesis that abstinence produces a content-specific shift in attentional focus. The present pattern of results cannot be explained by a general decrease in cognitive function due to nicotine abstinence.
A profile of the typical five-year-old child

Describing the typical five-year-old is not a simple task. Each child is an individual with unique characteristics. However, there are basic assumptions that are applicable to five-year-old children in general. We have taken the liberty to assign the name Jamie to our profile of the young child based on norms and theories of child development including Piaget, Gesell, Kohlberg, Erikson, and many more. Jamie is no child in particular, neither a boy nor a girl, but every five-year-old in general.
Near-Wall Dynamics and Photoresponse of Swimming Microbiorobots

At the microscale, the ability to precisely move objects on the scale of microns is a challenge. One method is to use microbiorobots (MBRs), constructed of a neutrally-buoyant microstructure powered by a monolayer of swarmer flagellated bacteria adhered to the surface. The bacteria swim to propel the microstructure in a fluidic environment in the absence of external forces. The trajectory is a combination of translation and rotation, with the rotation generally observed to be clockwise when viewed from above. In order to create a dynamic model of the inherent motion of MBRs, we use UV light to immobilize the bacteria on different regions of an MBR and characterize the resultant motion. We show that the bacteria on the edge of the structure have different force contributions than those in the center of the microstructure where the flagella cannot interact with the surface under that MBR. This is a step towards improved accuracy in the control of MBRs when external forces are applied for manipulation.© 2012 ASME
FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH SUCCESS OF EMERGENT SECOND TRIMESTER CERCLAGE

Abstract Objective To assess the factors associated with delivery greater than or equal to 28 weeks’ gestation after placement of an emergent cerclage in women with singleton gestations. Methods All women who underwent emergent cerclage, defined as any cerclage placed between 16 and 24 weeks’ gestation in response to documented cervical change on physical examination, at Northwestern Memorial Hospital from 1980 to 2000 were identified. Univariable and multivariable analyses were used to determine the factors most associated with achieving at least 28 weeks’ gestation. Results One hundred sixteen women were eligible for analysis. Maternal age, race, and operative variables such as suture type and use of antibiotics were not associated with differences in the frequency of delivery at or after 28 weeks. Cerclage placement at or after 22 weeks’ gestation increased the likelihood of reaching 28 weeks, whereas several cervical examination findings (dilatation greater than 3 cm, cervical length less than 0.5 cm, and membranes prolapsing beyond the external cervical os) as well as need for placement in a nullipara significantly reduced the likelihood of reaching 28 weeks. In multivariable analysis, nulliparity (odds ratio 0.31, 95% confidence interval 0.1, 0.8) and membranes prolapsing beyond the external cervical os (odds ratio 0.24, 95% confidence interval 0.1, 0.4) continued to be associated with delivery before 28 weeks, whereas cerclage placement at or after 22 weeks (odds ratio 3.2, 95% confidence interval 1.2, 8.6) increased the chance of achieving at least 28 weeks’ gestation. Conclusion Nulliparity, the presence of membranes prolapsing beyond the external cervical os, and gestational age less than 22 weeks at cerclage placement are associated with decreased chance of delivery at or after 28 weeks after emergent cerclage; these factors may be used to help counsel patients considering the procedure.
Analytical and Experimental Determination of Rate- and Temperature-Dependent Length Scales Using Nanoindentation Experiments

This work addresses the temperature and rate indentation size effects (TRISE) encountered in nanoindentation experiments and the corresponding material intrinsic length scales at different strain rates. The same value for the material length scale cannot be used for different rate, temperature, and accumulated plastic-strain conditions. A variable length scale is introduced in this work and used on two different face-centered cubic (FCC) metals. Indentation experiments are performed on copper and aluminum polycrystalline samples for different strain rates. To check the validity of the assumed concept for local hardening in nanoindentation, additional experiments are conducted on single-crystal materials. The existing theories describing the indentation size effects and length scales are reviewed, and a physically based model that depends on strain rate, accumulated plastic strain, and temperature that were scaled with hardness experiments results is proposed for length scales. Furthermore, numerical simul...
Differentials in the Ability to Convert Education into Income: The Case of the European Ethnics.

This paper investigates the extent to which European immigrant groups to the United States differentially convert their educational attainment into income. Particular attention is given to variations among 1st generation immigrants and three types of second genera? tion immigrants. We find that 2nd generation male immigrants with foreign-born fathers and native-born mothers are best able to convert their education into income. Empirical analyses reported are based on data drawn from a public use sample of the 1970 U.S. Census of Population.
A study on compacton-like solutions for the modified KdV and fifth order KdV-like equations

In this work we study compacton-like solutions for the modified KdV and fifth order KdV-like equations. We present compacton-like solutions of the integrable nonlinear equations. Although the behavior of the obtained solution is reminiscent of the solitons, yet its second derivative is discontinuous at the boundaries, a feature characterizing the compactons.
Leadership training - the key to an effective program

Leadership training is an important element to the development of an effective organization. Only through the standardization of training can the quality of programs be improved. The purpose of this study was to investigate competencies involved in leadership training. There were three types of skills identified; soft, hard, and operational.
Body weight, insulin resistance, and serum adipokine levels 2 years after 2 types of bariatric surgery.

Abstract Objective Bariatric surgery reverses obesity-related comorbidities, including type 2 diabetes mellitus. Several studies have already described differences in anthropometrics and body composition in patients undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass compared with laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding, but the role of adipokines in the outcomes after the different types of surgery is not known. Differences in weight loss and reversal of insulin resistance exist between the 2 groups and correlate with changes in adipokines. Methods Fifteen severely obese women (mean body mass index [BMI]: 46.7 kg/m 2 ) underwent 2 types of laparoscopic weight loss surgery (Roux-en-Y gastric bypass=10, adjustable gastric banding=5). Weight, waist and hip circumference, body composition, plasma metabolic markers, and lipids were measured at set intervals during a 24-month period after surgery. Results At 24 months, patients who underwent Roux-en-Y were overweight (BMI 29.7 kg/m 2 ), whereas patients who underwent gastric banding remained obese (BMI 36.3 kg/m 2 ). Patients who underwent Roux-en-Y lost significantly more fat mass than patients who underwent gastric banding (mean difference 16.8 kg, P P =.003), and levels correlated with weight loss, loss of fat mass, insulin levels, and Homeostasis Model of Assessment 2. Adiponectin correlated with insulin levels and Homeostasis Model of Assessment 2 ( r =−0.653, P =.04 and r =−0.674, P =.032, respectively) in the patients who underwent Roux-en-Y at 24 months. Conclusion After 2 years, weight loss and normalization of metabolic parameters were less pronounced in patients who underwent gastric banding compared with patients who underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Our findings require confirmation in a prospective randomized trial.
Exotic Mesons and e + e − Annihilation

Recent experiments at SPEAR indicate an unexpectedly large number of ${1}^{\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{-}}$ states in the energy range 3.9-4.4 GeV. We show how the existence of exotic $c\overline{q}\overline{c}q$ mesons can account for these states as well as the rise in $R$ and the missing $\ensuremath{\psi}(3.7)$ decays. The width of these states does not require that they lie above the, as yet unobserved, $D\overline{D}$ threshold. Predictions of the model are readily testable.
Lower equilibrium payoffs in two-player repeated games with non-observable actions

We characterize, by the one-shot game terms, the set of lower equilibrium payoffs of the undiscounted repeated game with non-observable actions.
A method of solving the many-body K-matrix

If the matrix element of a central potential can be approximated by a finite series\(\mathop \sum \limits_{i = 1}^M \mathop \sum \limits_{l = 0}^\infty \mathop \sum \limits_{m = - l}^l a_l^i (k^l )b_l^i (k)Y_{lm} (k^l |P)Y_{lm}^ * (k^l |P)\) where 2P is the center-of-mass momentum, then the K-matrix can be solved in a closed form. The classes of Bose statistics and Fermi statistics are treated. For the Fermi case we have considered both the K-matrix equation without hole-hole inteiaction and with hole-hole interaction.
Meandering transition in two-dimensional excitable media.

The transition from periodic to quasiperiodic spiral-wave rotation is studied numerically by the pseudospectral method in a two-variable model of excitable kinetics. Quasiperiodic behavior originates from a supercritical Hopf bifurcation of one branch of circularly rotating spiral-wave solution. The secondary frequency is strongly determined by the presence of a second nearby branch of solution rotating about a larger hole radius. Scaling laws consistent with numerical results are proposed for the spiral-tip orbits in the critical region.
Acoustic-wave stimulation of the leaching of layer silicates

Abstract The influence of acoustic waves on the leaching kinetics of potassium from the interlayer positions in mica was studied. Acoustic waves were found to stimulate the process remarkably. The particle size of mica was shown to be a most significant parameter in enhancing the leaching rate; below a critical particle size acoustic waves do not affect the leaching process.