cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Modeling and simulation of construction operations

Abstract This paper starts with a brief introduction to simulation, and a historical review of its applications. The introduction is followed by a review of simulation applications in construction. The technology of object-oriented modeling and programming and its application to construction applications is discussed along with enhancements to simulation modeling and analysis such as animation and visual programming.
EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE AND PHOTOPERIOD ON GROWTH AND DORMANCY OF BETULA PAPYRIFERA

The effects of day/night temperatures and photoperiod on the growth and dormancy of paper birch (Betula papyrifera) were studied in seedlings from different geographic origins. The response of Alaskan plants to temperature and photoperiod was distinctly different from other seed sources. Alaskan plants required very long days to prevent cessation of growth while plants from southern seed sources grew on photoperiods as short as 14 hr. Low night temperature (14 C) antagonized the promotive action of long photoperiods in Alaskan plants but had little effect in other seed sources. High day temperatures offset the inhibitory effect of the cool night to a lesser degree in Alaskan plants than in plants from other locations. Dormancy induced by short photoperiods was antagonized (relieved ?) to a lesser degree by high night temperatures in Alaskan birch than in other seed sources. Betula papyrifera var. humilis from Alaska may be an incipient species since its morphological traits are accompanied by adaptive physiological responses to its environment. These responses are as distinct as its morphological character-
Composition and origin of the inorganic fraction of southern New Jersey coastal mud deposits

The decreasing areal extent of Cape May Peninsula lagoons in historical times and surfaceward-increasing concentrations of anthropogenically released heavy metals in lagoonal sediment suggest that the Atlantic coastal marshes of southern New Jersey are rapidly accumulating fine-grained sediment. Potential sources of sediment to this area include Pleistocene mud deposits on the continental shelf, fine sediment moving from north to south with the longshore drift, and Delaware Bay mud escaping the estuary on ebb tides. To determine the origin of the modern coastal muds of south New Jersey, sediment from each source was compared with suspended sediment entering Cape May Peninsula tidal inlets on flood tides. Although suspended sediment was considerably finer grained than material from other locations, the mud fraction of all sediment samples possessed a primary mode of ∼0.5 µm and a secondary mode of ∼8 µm. All samples exhibited great variation in mineralogy with grain size but possessed similar relative abundances of minerals within fractionated size classes. In general, feldspar dominated the silt fraction, with increasing quantities of illite, chlorite, and montmorillonite found in progressively finer sizes. On the basis of mineralogy, bottom sediment from northeast Delaware Bay, the Atlantic inner continental shelf, and mud from New Jersey beaches cannot be differentiated and ultimately may be derived from the same material—the eroding, Pleistocene-age Cape May Formation. The mineralogy of suspended sediment exiting Delaware Bay on ebb tides and entering Cape May Peninsula inlets on flood tides is identical, and it differs from bottom sediment by possessing slightly more feldspar and biotite and less chlorite. A consideration of the water circulation around Cape May Peninsula and evaluation of all available Landsat imagery of the area suggest that resuspension of northeast Delaware Bay bottom sediment, augmented by contributions from the Delaware River, provides most of the fine-grained sediment to the Atlantic coastal marshes of Cape May Peninsula.
The ozone variations during the solar eclipse of 20 May 1966

During the annular (87.6%) solar eclipse of May 20, 1966, more than 60 measurements of total ozone were taken with the Dobson ozonespectrophotometer at the University of Sofia, Bulgaria. An analysis of data obtained shows an ozone increase of 25–30 m atm-cm (?? > 2??) at the maximum phase of the eclipse. However, according to the photochemical theory, only ?1 m atm-cm increase should occur during an eclipse such as this. The difference between the theoretical and observed increase of the total ozone may be partly due to the limb-darkening effect. The importance of this effect increases progressively to the maximum phase of the eclipse. When dark-limb correction is applied to observational data, the ozone increase is reduced to 14 m atm-cm (about 4 per cent of the total ozone amount). This increase is as yet unexplained. DOI: 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1968.tb00382.x
The relationship between communication apprehension and satisfaction with information among lodging revenue managers.

This study assessed the relationship between communication apprehension (CA) in various work situations a revenue manager would face and job satisfaction and organization commitment. The confirmatory factor analysis shows that the second-order four-factor of CA was found to fit the data best. The structural model was tested with 241 lodging revenue managers, using the structural equation modeling technique. The results indicate a negative relationship between CA and specific satisfaction variables. Revenue managers with a high satisfaction of information also demonstrated greater organizational commitment.
A numerical study on the use of sulfur hexafluoride as a test gas for wind tunnels

A numerical study is presented which investigates effects of using sulfur hexafluoride, S F6, as a substitute for air. Inviscid results for airfoils indicate that for transonic cases the shock location calculated for S F6 is vastly different from that in air and moves progressively forward on the airfoil as the freestream pressure is increased and real gas effects become more pronounced. Application of a simple Mach number scaling procedure results in good correlation between S F6 abnd air even for pressures at which nonideal gas effects are significant. Computations for subsonic turbulent flows over a NACA 0012 airfoil show that the maximum angle of attack at which steady lift can be obtained is different between air and S F6. In addition, for S F6, this angle of attack depends greatly on the freestream conditions. Close agreement with air can be achieved by altering the freestream Mach number according to the inviscid scaling procedure.
Detection of particle sources with directional detector arrays

We consider the problem of detecting far-field particle sources, such as nuclear, radioactive, optical, or cosmic. This problem arises in applications such as security, surveillance, visual systems, and astronomy. We propose a mean-difference test (MDT) with cubic and spherical detector arrays, assuming Poisson distributed measurement models. Through performance analysis, such as computing the probability of detection (P/sub d/) for a given probability of false alarm (P/sub fa/), we show that the MDT has a number of advantages over the generalized likelihood-ratio test (GLRT): computational efficiency, higher probability of detection, asymptotic constant false-alarm rate (CFAR). and applicability to low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). For each array, we also present an estimator to find the source direction. We conduct Monte-Carlo numerical examples that confirm our analysis.
Byzantine Fault Tolerant Coordination for Web Services Business Activities

In this paper, we present a comprehensive study on the threats towards the coordination services for Web services business activities and explore the most optimal solution to mitigate such threats. A careful analysis of the state model of the coordination services reveals that it is sufficient to use a lightweight Byzantine fault tolerance algorithm that avoids performing expensive total ordering of all request messages. The algorithm and the associated mechanisms have been incorporated into an open-source framework implementing the standard Web services business activity specification and an extension protocol that enables the separation of the coordination tasks from the business logic. The performance evaluation results obtained using the working prototype confirm the optimality of our solution.
OPTIMUM COOKING TIMES FOR FLAVOR DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF FLAVOR QUALITY OF BEEF COOKED BY MICROWAVES AND CONVENTIONAL METHODS

Beef longissimus dorsi roasts weighing 200g, and cooked by microwaves or conventional methods for various times were evaluated for flavor and overall acceptability by an untrained panel. Analysis of the data by surface response methodology was utilized to ascertain optimum cooking times for flavor development. The optimum cooking time for conventionally roasted (electric oven at 177°C) meat was predicted to be 88 min as compared to 2.80 min for samples cooked by microwaves (2450 MHz). Samples cooked by conventional roasting generally received higher scores for acceptability and flavor than those cooked by microwaves. Flavor dilution profiles for aqueous extracts of the samples revealed that the conventionally cooked samples were rated slightly stronger in flavor, more pleasant and more meaty than samples cooked by microwaves.
Anxiety and error-related brain activity

Error-related negativity (ERN/Ne) is a component of the event-related brain potential (ERP) associated with monitoring action and detecting errors. It is a sharp negative deflection that generally occurs from 50 to 150 ms following response execution and has been associated with anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) activity. An enhanced ERN has been observed in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)--reflecting abnormal ACC activity hypothesized as part of the pathophysiology of OCD. We recently reported that the ERN is also enhanced in a group of college students with OC characteristics. The present study extended these findings by measuring the ERN in college undergraduates who scored high on either the Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ) or a combined version of the Snake (SNAQ) and Spider (SPQ) Questionnaires. Results indicate that, like OC subjects, subjects who score high on a measure of general anxiety and worry have enhanced error-related brain activity relative to both phobic and non-anxious control subjects. The enhanced ERN was found to generalize beyond OCD within the anxiety spectrum disorders but also shows some specificity within these disorders.
Petrology and chemistry of MIL 03346 and its significance in understanding the petrogenesis of nakhlites on Mars

Antarctic meteorite Miller Range (MIL) 03346 is a nakhlite composed of 79% clinopyroxene, ~1% olivine, and 20% vitrophyric intercumulus material. We have performed a petrological and geochemical study of MIL 03346, demonstrating a petrogenetic history similar to previously discovered nakhlites. Quantitative textural study of MIL 03346 indicates long (>1 x 101 yr) residence times for the cumulus augite, whereas the skeletal Fe-Ti oxide, fayalite, and sulfide in the vitrophyric intercumulus matrix suggest rapid cooling, probably as a lava flow. From the relatively high forsterite contents of olivine (up to Fo43) compared with other nakhlites and compositions of augite cores (Wo38-42En35-40Fs22-28) and their hedenbergite rims, we suggest that MIL 03346 is part of the same or a similar Martian cumulate-rich lava flow as other nakhlites. However, MIL 03346 has experienced less equilibration and faster cooling than other nakhlites discovered to date. Calculated trace element concentrations based upon modal abundances of MIL 03346 and its constituent minerals are identical to whole rock trace element abundances. Parental melts for augite have REE patterns that are approximately parallel with whole rock and intercumulus melt using experimentally defined partition coefficients. This parallelism reflects closed-system crystallization for MIL 03346, where the only significant petrogenetic process between formation of augite and eruption and emplacement of the nakhlite flow has been fractional crystallization. A model for the petrogenesis of MIL 03346 and the nakhlites (Nakhla, Governador Valadares, Lafayette, Yamato-000593, Northwest Africa (NWA) 817, NWA 998) would include: 1) partial melting and ascent of melt generated from a long-term LREE depleted mantle source, 2) crystallization of cumulus augite (±olivine, ±magnetite) in a shallow-level Martian magma chamber, 3) eruption of the crystal-laden nakhlite magma onto the surface of Mars, 4) cooling, crystal settling, overgrowth, and partial equilibration to different extents within the flow, 5) secondary alteration through hydrothermal processes, possibly immediately succeeding or during emplacement of the flow. This model might apply to single - or multiple - flow models for the nakhlites. Ultimately, MIL 03346 and the other nakhlites preserve a record of magmatic processes in volcanic rocks on Mars with analogous petrogenetic histories to pyroxene-rich terrestrial lava flows and to komatiites.
Restricting access of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–seropositive patients to infertility services: a legal analysis of the rights of reproductive endocrinologists and of HIV-seropositive patients

Objective To discuss the legal rights of reproductive endocrinologists and HIV-seropositive patients seeking infertility services. Design Westlaw and LexisNexis commercial legal search engines were used to perform a legal review of statutes and cases pertaining to HIV-seropositive patients seeking health care services. Conclusion(s) Human immunodeficiency virus antidiscrimination laws apply to healthcare providers whether they practice in private clinics or a university setting. Patients infected with HIV cannot be denied access to health services solely on the basis of their HIV status. If proof exists that HIV-seropositive patients will medically benefit by a referral to another provider with more expertise, it is legally permissible to refer these patients to another provider who has more expertise in providing infertility services to HIV-seropositive patients. However, the burden will be on the reproductive endocrinologist to demonstrate that he or she lacks the capability to care for HIV-seropositive patients and that the referral was for the medical benefit of the patient and of the patient's potential offspring.
Diversely polarized Root-MUSIC for azimuth-elevation angle-of-arrival estimation

This paper proposes a new computationally efficient direction finding (DF) algorithm that (1) exploits the impinging signals' polarization diversity plus their angular diversity, (2) necessitates only the rooting of two polynomials and no costly iterative searches, and (3) estimates elevation angles plus azimuth angles. This paper successfully adopts the Root-MUSIC algorithm to diversely polarized L-shaped arrays. In one two-signal scenario, this new diversely polarized algorithm increases estimation accuracy by almost an order of magnitude and lowers the resolution threshold by 25 dB SNR relative to the unpolarized case.
Technology trends of the new Internet economy

The new internet economy will be driven by services. The major value proposition is in moving from personal productivity to collective productivity and from vendor-centric to customer-centric business. A lack of skilled IT professionals will necessitate a simpler and more automated Internet infrastructure. The evolution from infrastructure provider to ASP (Application Service Provider) and FSP (Full Service Provider) requires a standardized service model platform architecture that is scalable and reliable.
Using television to alleviate boredom and stress: Selective exposure as a function of induced excitational states

Bored versus stressed subjects were provided with opportunities to watch television. Bored subjects more frequently selected exciting than relaxing programs, while stressed subjects selected similar quantities of each program type.
The Impact of Futures Trading on the Spot Market for Treasury Bonds

Critics of futures markets contend that futures trading destabilizes spot prices and raises price levels of the underlying treasury bonds, while the proponents claim that futures trading improves the information content and stability of spot prices. To investigate these conflicting viewpoints, this paper examines the price behavior of treasury bonds at three critical time points: a) as they enter, retain, and exit the cheapest-to-deliver status; b) as they approach the futures delivery date; and, c) as they cease to be deliverable. An empirical analysis based on a rich data set of daily bond prices over thirty-four delivery quarters reveals little support for the critics’ view of futures trading.
Effects of the fish anesthetic, clove oil (eugenol), on coral health and growth.

Ecological research within coral reefs often requires the use of anesthetics to immobilize organisms. It is therefore important to consider the effect of these chemicals on the surrounding flora and fauna, particularly to the corals themselves. We quantified the effects of clove oil, a commonly used fish anesthetic, on the growth and occurrence of bleaching in three species of corals: Acropora striata, Pocillopora verrucosa, and Porites australiensis. We compared coral responses to five treatments: a gradient of four clove oil concentrations (0-28%) in seawater, and one concentration of clove oil (14%) in ethanol. Each week, we assessed the presence of bleaching, and then applied the treatment. We measured growth over the duration of the 6-week experiment using the buoyant weight technique. Growth and bleaching showed a dose response to clove oil exposure, and the use of ethanol as a solvent had an additional deleterious effect, as also suggested by observed changes in concentrations of eugenol following field application. Overall, growth was reduced by 37.6% at the highest concentration (28% clove oil in seawater) relative to the control (0% clove oil). The reduction in growth was nearly as great (35.3% of the control) at half the concentration of clove oil (14%) when dissolved in ethanol. These results suggest the repeated use of clove oil (even without a solvent) can deleteriously affect corals.
Effects of culture media and inhibitors on biology of porcine early embryonic development in vitro

Abstract In vitro -production of porcine embryos is crucial for biomedical and agricultural research, however, current culture systems for porcine embryos are sub-optimal, and the developmental potential of in vitro -produced embryos is not well studied. The objectives of this study were to evaluate whether PZM-3 or NCSU-23 better support porcine embryo development and the effects of α-amanitin and cycloheximide on porcine embryonic development. Briefly, porcine presumptive zygotes were produced after in vitro maturation/fertilization (IVM/IVF) and cultured either in NCSU-23 or PZM-3 culture media. Transcript levels of BAX and BCL2L1 genes from blastocysts were detected by using Real-time PCR. The effects of α-amanitin and cycloheximide were evaluated for the role of inhibiting transcription and translation during early porcine embryogenesis. Results showed that both cleavage and blastocyst rates decreased significantly in NCSU-23 group compared as PZM-3 group. However, BAX and BCL2L1 transcript levels were similar in blastocysts cultured in both PZM-3 and NCSU-23 media. When porcine embryos cultured in PZM-3, cleavage rates were significantly decreased in the present of cycloheximide and both α-amanitin and cycloheximide treatments completely inhibited the blastocyst formation. Results showed that PZM-3 medium better supported porcine early embryonic development than NCSU-23 medium, and the inhibition of embryonic genome activation does not completely stop embryo cleavage but prevents development to the blastocyst stage.
Zones of influence in a two-dimensional, unsteady, hypersonic boundary layer

An asymptotic structure is developed for a linear, high-frequency, unsteady disturbance superimposed upon a steady, possibly separated, nonlinear flow. The unsteady viscous sublayer is found to split into a two-region structure. The leading-order flowfield is driven primarily by the upper region, which coincides with the region of non-parallel flow in the original steady viscous sublayer. It is found that introducing a viscous-inviscid interaction into the unsteady problem drastically alters the domain of dependence of the unsteady flow throughout the entire viscous sublayer. The determination of the correct domain of dependence is found to involve a subtle interplay between the convective terms, the pressure-displacement interaction and the non-parallel base flow. Preliminary extensions to fully nonlinear unsteady interactive boundary layers are noted.
Blood Clearance and Acute Pulmonary Toxicity of Methylmethacrylate in Dogs after Simulated Arthroplasty and Intravenous Injection

Clearance of 14C-labeled methylmethacrylate monomer from the blood was determined in beagles during simulated hip arthroplasty and after intravenous injection of the monomer. Pulmonary function after intravenous administration of the monomer was also studied. Blood clearance was rapid, and the lungs apparently functioned as a major clearing organ. Decreased pulmonary function (decreased Po2, elevated Pco2, and metabolic acidosis) only occurred when the dosage of monomer was more than thirty-five times the amount liberated in humans during total hip replacement.
Posterior Surgical Approaches to the Shoulder

The posterior approach to the shoulder is an uncommon surgical procedure, as it is reserved only for posterior shoulder instability or posterior fractures of the scapula; conditions representing a very low percentage incidence among shoulder injuries – arthroscopy is most often used for posterior shoulder instability. However, the knowledge of the anatomical structures of said posterior region can allow access without risking damage to the posterior anatomic structures of the scapular region or to the glenohumeral joint.
Constraints and modularity (keynote)

A constraint is a declarative description of a relation that we want to have hold, for example, that a set of icons be equally spaced and positioned at the bottom of a window, or that a resistor in an electrical circuit simulation obey Ohm’s Law. A constraint can support modularity in programs by providing a succinct way to express some property, in a way that lets it be combined flexibly with other constraints. Historically there have been two principal views of constraints in programing languages: as equations to be solved, or as relations to be maintained in the face of change. In this talk I’ll concentrate on the second view and how such constraints can be used in building interactive systems. There is a long history of work in this area. A key early system was Ivan Sutherland’s Sketchpad from 1963 [5]; a less notable but still early system was my own ThingLab from 1979 [1]. In this talk I’ll describe a little of that history, including a demo of a revived version of ThingLab, using the original code from 1979 running in a web browser using an interpreter written in Javascript. I’ll then describe some recent work on constraints for interactive systems, including Babelsberg and Wallingford. Babelsberg [3, 4] is a family of object constraint languages that allows constraints to be integrated with an existing object-oriented language. In particular, Babelsberg enables the programmer to write constraints that include object-oriented constructs such as message sends and that respect object encapsulation, as well as explicit constraints on object identity. Finally, Wallingford [2] is a new constraint reactive programming language implemented in the Rosette solver-aided programming language [6, 7]. Wallingford adopts many of the approaches in Babelsberg to integrating constraints and object-oriented programming, and adds reactive constraints that enable the system to respond to events by declaring constraints that become active when an event occurs, or while a condition holds.
Reflective Journals: A Review of the Literature

The use of reflective journals has been identified as an effective tool to promote reflection in preservice teachers. This review of literature provides the reader with an understanding of the vari...
A Large Sporophore of Hericium Erinaceus

(1972). A Large Sporophore of Hericium Erinaceus. Mycologia: Vol. 64, No. 5, pp. 1187-1189.
How to Build the Trust of Your Referring Physicians

Patients with typical gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) symptoms who respond well to medical therapy typically are not referred for antireflux surgery. The surgeon is far more likely to see referrals for patients with atypical GERD symptoms that have not responded to treatment with proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). Although the PPIs are far from perfect in eliminating GERD symptoms, failure to respond to PPIs is a red flag that should alert the astute clinician that GERD might not be the cause of symptoms. Excellent surgical outcomes will go a long way in building the trust of the referring physician, and the best way to achieve those excellent outcomes is to ensure that the “refractory GERD symptoms” prompting the surgical referral are indeed due to GERD. This can be accomplished by a careful preoperative work-up, which is outlined in this chapter. In preoperative discussions with the patient, the surgeon will build trust in the referring physician by being open in presenting the risks and benefits of alternative treatment options, by realistically appraising the operation’s anticipated benefits and by clearly presenting the potential complications of fundoplication. In these discussions, the surgeon should not exaggerate the risk of GERD complications like esophageal adenocarcinoma, nor make unsubstantiated claims that fundoplication is superior to medical therapy in preventing these complications. Such tactics are often construed, appropriately or not, as attempts to frighten a patient into an operation, tactics that are not likely to instill trust in the referring physician.
Effect monitoring and analysis of medical institutions disinfection in 2007-2011 in Hunchun City

Objective To understand the medical organizations disinfection work quality in Hunchun City, strengthen health disinfection monitoring management, in order to provide scientific basis for preventing iatrogenic infection and improving the quality of medical treatment management level. Methods Effect of medical institutions disinfection in 2007-2011 in Hunchun City was monitored with sampling in field, according to the health ministry Disinfection Technical Specifications and Hospital Disinfection Hygiene Standards. Results A total of 147 medical institutions were monitored, 2 593 copies were the tested sample, 2 037 copies were eligible, total percent of passing was 78.6%. Disinfection detection passing rate in 2007-2011 in the city each year were 87.8%, 77.9%, 71.8%, 65.8%, 82.7%, with significantly difference (P 0.01). Clinic disinfection percent of pass phase compared with theory guilds hospital and township health center, individual clinics and the village health was statistically different (P 0.05). The testing project monitoring results showed that: the sterile instrument soak liquid qualified rate was the highest of 94.4%; hospital sewage percent of pass was the lowest of 44.6%. Conclusion It should continue to emphasize and strengthen the supervision dynamics to prevent iatrogenic infection, further improve the township health center, individual clinics and the village health clinic disinfection quality, and to strengthen the disinfection of the hospital sewage treatment.
Identifying student resources in reasoning about entropy and the approach to thermal equilibrium

Conceptions and resources used by thermal physics students long after finishing the course.
Discrepancies in cardiovascular disease risk calculation affect aspirin use recommendations in patients with diabetes.

Objectives Aspirin is recommended for cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention in patients who are at high risk for CVD. The objective of this study was to compare agreement between two American Diabetes Association-endorsed CVD risk calculators in identifying candidates for aspirin therapy. Methods Adult patients with diabetes mellitus (n = 238) were studied for 1 year in a family medicine clinic. Risk scores were calculated based on the United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study Risk Engine and the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Coronary Heart Disease Risk Calculator. Analyses included χ(2), κ scores, and logistic regressions. Results The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Coronary Heart Disease Risk Calculator identified 50.4% of patients as high risk versus 23.5% by the United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study Risk Engine. κ score for agreement identifying high-risk status was 0.3642. Among patients at high risk, African Americans (odds ratio [OR] 0.45, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.24-0.86) and those with uncontrolled diabetes (OR 0.30, 95% CI 0.16-0.56) had lower odds of disagreement, whereas nonsmokers had higher odds (OR 2.98, 95% CI 1.57-5.69). Among patients at low risk, women (OR 3.83, 95% CI 1.64-8.91), African Americans (OR 5.96, 95% CI 3.07-11.59), and those with high high-density lipoprotein (OR 2.82, 95% CI 1.48-5.37) showed greater odds of disagreement. Conclusions Improved risk assessment methods are needed to identify patients with diabetes mellitus who benefit from aspirin for the primary prevention of CVD. Prospective trials are needed to provide additional evidence for aspirin use in this population.
Is routine use of adjuvant chemotherapy for rectal cancer with complete pathological response justified

Abstract Background Patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) receiving neoadjuvant chemoradiation (nCRT) can have a complete pathologic response (pCR), and are given postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT). Methods A prospectively maintained outcomes database was queried for patients who had pCR to nCRT for LARC from 2000 to 2012. Local recurrence and survival were analyzed according to whether patients received ACT. Results We identified 139 patients and excluded 9 due to lack of follow-up. Mean age was 58.9 ± 11.8 years. 83 patients (63.8%) did not receive ACT (Group A) and 47 (36.2%) did (Group B). Mean follow-up was 5.7 ± 3 and 5.6 ± 3.5 years for Groups A and B respectively (p = 0.51). Groups were comparable in age, gender, tumor differentiation, and clinical staging. There were no differences in oncological outcomes. Conclusion Avoiding routine use of ACT in patients with a pCR may be considered. Further justification of this approach warrants prospective randomized studies.
Capturing the Transformation and Dynamic Nature of an Elementary Teacher Candidate's Identity Development as a Teacher of Science

This study examines the transformation and dynamic nature of one teacher candidate’s (Susan) identity as a learner and teacher of science throughout an innovative science methods course. The goal of this paper is to use theoretically derived themes grounded in cultural-historical activity theory (CHAT) and situated learning theory to determine the ways in which Susan’s identity as a learner and teacher of science was influenced by her experiences in the course, and to describe how she made meaning of her transformative process. The following are the three theoretical themes: (1) learning contributes to identity development, (2) identity development is a dialogical process that occurs between individuals, not within individuals, and (3) social practice leads to transformations and transformations lead to the creation of new social practices. Within each theme, specific experiences in the science methods course are identified that influenced Susan’s identity development as a teacher of science. Knowing how context and experiences influence identity development can inform design decisions concerning teacher education programs, courses, and experiences for candidates.
The effect of working condition on math teacher effectiveness: value-added scores and student satisfaction in teaching

The purpose of this study is to better understand how math teachers’ effectiveness as measured by value-added scores and student satisfaction with teaching is influenced by school’s working conditions. The data for the study were derived from 2009 to 2010 Teacher Working Condition Survey and Student Perception Survey in Measures of Effective Teaching Project. Using the structural equation modeling and other related methods, several models of teacher effectiveness were estimated. The findings indicate that among the examined working condition factors, support for instruction and for student conduct management have significant effects on teachers’ value-added scores in mathematics. Moreover, the student satisfaction with teaching seems to have a mediating effect on value-added scores. The findings of the study significantly contribute to a better understanding of the effects of working environment on math teachers’ effectiveness and how improvement in working conditions can enhance math teachers’ performance.
Cell surfaces in the control of growth and morphogenesis.

My students and I have been concerned, over the years, with the role of cell surfaces in multicellular assembly phenomena. It pleases me greatly that two of them (Dr. Gary Gorbsky and Dr. William A. Thomas) are among the contrib utors to this volume. This chapter concentrates on two areas in which cell surface phenomena play a central controlling role—the control of cell proliferation and the control of multicellular assembly.
Very Large-Scale Finite Element Wave Simulations, Inverse Modeling, and “Hardware Coded” Algorithms

Our need to understand complex wave phenomena in fields ranging from geophysics to optics encourages the use of large-scale direct and inverse numerical simulations. Due to the extended size of most models, and their fine structure, these simulations often require very large grids with millions to tens of millions of nodes. They are only feasible on machines with resources comparable to that of the Cray 2 at a minimum. Explicit, time-domain finite element or finite difference wave propagation algorithms are well-suited to direct problems. Inverse problems are only just beginning to be attacked using these discrete algorithms in conjunction with least squares optimization techniques. The principal impediment to large-scale direct and inverse simulations is available computers. Resources on even the largest machines are simply inadequate for direct solutions in 3-D or realistic 2-D inverse modeling.
Elastic Λ-proton scattering from 400 – 1300 MeV/c☆

Abstract Λ-proton elastic scattering from momenta of 400 to 1300 MeV/ c has been studied using Λ's produced in hydrogen and deuterium bubble chambers exposed to a K − beam of momentum ∼ 1 GeV/ c . 78 elastic Λp scatters have been observed. The absolute cross section is estimated. The angular distribution for elastic scattering is consistent with isotropy throughout this region.
Use of the GnRH agonist stimulation test in the diagnosis of ovarian remnant syndrome. A report of three cases

Ovarian remnant syndrome is an uncommon problem that may follow bilateral oophorectomy. These patients may present with chronic pelvic pain or pelvic masses and may require surgery to confirm or exclude the diagnosis. In this report we describe the successful use of the gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist (GnRH-a) stimulation test to identify the presence of functioning ovarian tissue in three women with ovarian remnant syndrome who presented for evaluation of persistent chronic pelvic pain. In these cases the endogenous gonadotropin flare was able to stimulate the production of significant quantities of estradiol to confirm the diagnosis. The GnRH-a stimulation test may be a useful adjunct in the evaluation of women at risk for ovarian remnant syndrome prior to proceeding with surgery.
Evaluation of Extratropical Cyclone Precipitation in the North Atlantic Basin: An analysis of ERA-Interim, WRF, and two CMIP5 models.

AbstractThe representation of extratropical cyclone (ETC) precipitation in general circulation models (GCMs) and the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model is analyzed. This work considers the link between ETC precipitation and dynamical strength and tests if parameterized convection affects this link for ETCs in the North Atlantic basin. Lagrangian cyclone tracks of ETCs in ERA-Interim (ERAI), GISS and GFDL CMIP5 models, and WRF with two horizontal resolutions are utilized in a compositing analysis. The 20-km-resolution WRF Model generates stronger ETCs based on surface wind speed and cyclone precipitation. The GCMs and ERAI generate similar composite means and distributions for cyclone precipitation rates, but GCMs generate weaker cyclone surface winds than ERAI. The amount of cyclone precipitation generated by the convection scheme differs significantly across the datasets, with the GISS model generating the most, followed by ERAI and then the GFDL model. The models and reanalysis generate relati...
Functional optical coherence tomography for live dynamic analysis of mouse embryonic cardiogenesis

Blood flow, heart contraction, and tissue stiffness are important regulators of cardiac morphogenesis and function during embryonic development. Defining how these factors are integrated is critically important to advance prevention, diagnostics, and treatment of congenital heart defects. Mammalian embryonic development is taking place deep within the female body, which makes cardiodynamic imaging and analysis during early developmental stages in humans inaccessible. With thousands of mutant lines available and well-established genetic manipulation tools, mouse is a great model to understand how biomechanical factors are integrated with molecular pathways to regulate cardiac function and development. Dynamic imaging and quantitative analysis of the biomechanics of live mouse embryos have become increasingly important, which demands continuous advancements in imaging techniques and live assessment approaches. This has been one of the major drives to keep pushing the frontier of embryonic imaging for better resolution, higher speed, deeper penetration, and more diverse and effective contrasts. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has played a significant role in addressing such demands, and its features in non-labeling imaging, 3D capability, a large working distance, and various functional derivatives allow OCT to cover a number of specific applications in embryonic imaging. Recently, our group has made several technical improvements in using OCT to probe the biomechanical aspects of live developing mouse embryos at early stages. These include the direct volumetric structural and functional imaging of the cardiodynamics, four-dimensional quantitative Doppler imaging and analysis of the cardiac blood flow, and fourdimensional blood flow separation from the cardiac wall tissue in the beating embryonic heart. Here, we present a short review of these studies together with brief descriptions of the previous work that demonstrate OCT as a valuable and useful imaging tool for the research in developmental cardiology.
EARLY CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE IN A YOUNG MALE WITH HEPATIC CIRRHOSIS

Early coronary artery disease (CAD) can be caused by various metabolic abnormalities which could present diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. A 22-year-old male presented with jaundice. Upon review of system, he complained of chest pain on exertion. He had a maternal uncle who developed early CAD
What Can I Do? Applying Classroom Knowledge to Service Work, or Doing Practice Sociology

Faculty members are frequently asked by students and parents, “what can I do with a Sociology degree?” This paper suggests ways to address the question and take action to insure that majors have the knowledge and skills to be successful in the job search and the work world. In addition, the paper indicates ways that combining service learning and applied sociology serves goals of students, faculty, universities, and communities. Approaches to teaching applied (practice) sociology in departments and to integrating service learning and course content show the “natural synergy” between the two types of learning. Finally, the article discusses practical issues related to service learning in applied settings: getting the support of faculty and administrators; convincing students of the benefits of service learning; revising curricula; and setting up the service learning experiences. The conclusion is that combining service learning and applied sociology courses has positive results for all involved.
Frequency Distribution of Voids in Randomly Packed Monogranular Layers

Abstract An optical scanning and recording technique is applied to randomly packed monolayers of equal spheres to obtain the frequency distributions of voids in their fabrics. The monogranular layers are randomly packed by rotation and finite shear motion of grains in encapsulated circular cylindrical cells. The resulting frequency distributions exhibit a biased Maxwellian trend favored towards the population of denser “Voronoi Cells.”
A Measurement and Analysis of Buildup Region Dose for Open Field Photon Beams (Cobalt-60 through 24 MV)

The central axis depth dose in the build-up region (surface to dmax) of single open field photon beams (cobalt-60 through 24 MV) has been measured utilizing parallel plate and extrapolation chamber methodology. These data were used to derive, for a prescription dose of 100 cGy, values of surface dose, the maximum value of dose along the central axis (Dmax) and the depth (nearest the surface) at which 90% of the prescription dose occurs (d90). For both single and parallel opposed pair (POP) open field configurations, data are presented at field sizes of 5 x 5, 15 x 15 and 25 x 25 cm2 for prescription depths of 10, 15 and 20 cm (midplane for POP). For the treatment machines, field sizes, and prescription depths studied, it is possible to conclude that: for single field irradiation, surface dose values (as a percentage of the prescription dose) can be either low (< 10%) or comparable to the prescription dose itself; for POP open fields, surface dose values are relatively independent of photon energy and midplane depth, and range between 30% and 70% of prescription dose, being principally dependent on field size; the depth of the initial 90 cGy point for a prescription dose of 100 cGy, d90, was larger for POP fields. For either single or POP open field treatments, d90 was always less than 22 mm, while for 6 MV or less, values of d90 were less than 4 mm; Dmax values can be very large (e.g., above 300 cGy) for certain treatment situations and are reduced significantly for POP treatments; for open field POP treatments, the percent reduction in Dmax with each increment in beam energy above 10 MV is reduced over that seen at 10 MV or less and, possibly, this further reduction may be clinically insignificant; for open field POP treatments, changes in surface dose, d90 and Dmax with beam energy above 10 MV do not suggest, with regard to these specific build-up curve parameters, any obvious advantage for treatment with beam energies greater than 10 MV for the specific machines and situations studied.
H− Charge Exchange Injection Systems

The techniques and components required for injection of protons into cyclic accelerators by means of H− charge exchange processes are reviewed, with emphasis on the experience at Fermilab. The advantages of the technique are described. The design and performance of the system of injection of H− ions into the Fermilab Booster are detailed.
Structural Relaxation and Growth of SiO 2 Films on Si

Recent works have noted that the structural relaxation of thermally grown SiO2 films and of pressure compacted silica glass both consist of an initial rapid change to a level which depends on temperature followed by a slow approach to equilibrium. In this work we discuss structural changes of thermally grown SiO2 using concepts and models previously developed for quenched glasses. These naturally exhibit the observed features when applied to thermal oxides. They are based on a time-dependent rate coefficient which leads to a Kohlrausch stretched exponential form exp. This is generalized to include a dependence on thermal and annealing history through structural variations of n and τ*. The physical interpretation of these models is described, numerical simulations of relaxation of a thermally grown oxide are presented, and the relations between different relaxation times and activation energies are discussed.
Association study of long-term kidney transplant rejection using whole-exome sequencing

Long-term renal allograft rejection is the most common outcome in kidney transplantation. Continuing the crusade to extend allograft function after the first year post-transplantation, we attempted to associate genetic factors that might contribute to long-term allograft outcomes by sequencing the exomes of patients diagnosed with chronic allograft nephropathy/interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy. A variety of association analyses were employed, but these analyses failed to identify statistically significant associations. The study was underpowered to detect the association of rare genomic variants with small effect sizes. However, it confirmed previous reports of the absence of large effects from common variants. We have made both the study data and analysis workflow available for public use, and we hope that these resources will help to power future meta-analyses that may detect smaller effects.
Vascular and lymphatic complications after thoracic duct cannulation.

Abstract Objective The objective of this study was to determine the incidence of vascular and lymphatic complications after attempted transabdominal thoracic duct cannulation. Methods There were 58 patients who underwent attempted thoracic duct cannulation. Patients presented with chyle leak in the chest (n = 40), abdomen (n = 9), neck (n = 8), and pelvis (n = 1). Vertebral body level and geographic access, needle gauge, additional access for treatment, technical success, intervention performed, immediate and delayed complications, and follow-up duration were recorded. Imaging and electronic medical records were reviewed at follow-up for complications and treatment success. Results Access into the lymphatic system was obtained at L1 (n = 21), T12 (n = 17), L2 (n = 14), L3 (n = 3), T11 (n = 1), L4 (n = 1), and L5 (n = 1). Lymphatic access was achieved in the center (n = 28), on the right (n = 16), or on the left (n = 14) of the vertebral body; 21-, 22-, and 25-gauge needles were used in 45 patients, 12 patients, and 1 patient, respectively. Arm venous and percutaneous supraclavicular access was successful in 15 patients and eight patients, respectively. Cannulation of the thoracic duct was achieved in 52 (89.7%) patients. Embolization, disruption, and stenting were performed in 41 (70.7%), 12 (20.7%), and 2 (3.4%) patients; 3 (5.2%) patients had normal thoracic ducts after successful cannulation. Immediate complications consisted of shearing of the access wire in two (3.4%) patients. Retrospective analysis of initial follow-up imaging in 49 (84.5%) patients revealed the following late complications: inferior vena cava and right renal vein thrombosis and one perinephric lymphatic collection. Conclusions Of 58 patients who had attempted thoracic duct cannulation, successful access was achieved in 90% of patients. Early and delayed complications occurred in 3.4% and 4% of patients, respectively. Thoracic duct cannulation represents a highly successful technique that aids in the treatment of chyle leaks in medically complex patients.