cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Status of the southern African Anapalina and Antholyza (Iridaceae) genera, based solely on characters for bird pollination, and a new species of Tritoniopsis

Anapalina N.E. Br. (1932), erected for several species of long-tubed, red-flowered species previously assigned to Antholyza L., is closely allied to Tritoniopsis L. Bol. (Lewis 1959a; Goldblatt 1971). Distinctive leaves with more than one main vein (unless very narrow), short coriaceous bracts, the inner longer than the outer, and inflated capsules and large seeds with a loosely to elaborately folded seed coat are synapomorphies uniting the two genera. In addition some species of both genera have unusual pseudopetiolate leaves. Shared, unusually high chromosome numbers, 2 n = 32 and 30, support the contention that Anapalina and Tritoniopsis constitute a single monophyletic lineage. The flower of Anapalina with its long dimorphic tube, exserted stamens and more or less hooded upper tepal conforms to the classic model for ornithophily and the genus represents no more than a series of species of Tritoniopsis adapted primarily for bird pollination. Segregation of genera based solely on this criterion has little merit and such treatment is inconsistent with the circumscription of other genera of subfamily Ixioideae. The suite of characters associated with ornithophily appears to have evolved several times in Ixioideae and until recently some natural species assemblages were accorded generic rank on the basis of the adaptations to ornithophily of their flower, while others were placed in genera with other types of floral adaptation. This paper is the second of a series dealing with genera of Ixioideae defined exclusively by characters associated with ornithophily. Original chromosome counts for the genus and a new species, Tritoniopsis williamsiana, are included here. Like Anapalina , the genus Antholyza [as currently circumscribed sensu Brown (1932) and thus excluding the lectotype species] is based on floral adaptations associated with ornithophily. Except for its flowers, it is indistinguishable from Babiana Ker-Gawl., in which it was first included by Ker (1804), and then later by Baker (1896). I recommend inclusion of Antholyza sensu Brown in Babiana, noting their shared plicate leaves, general pubescence or puberulence, and base numbers of x = 7. New combinations are provided for the species of Anapalina now included in Tritoniopsis while the nomenclature of the species until now included in Antholyza is outlined.
Visual analytics for supply network management

We propose a visual analytic system to augment and enhance decision-making processes of supply chain managers. Several design requirements drive the development of our integrated architecture and lead to three primary capabilities of our system prototype. First, a visual analytic system must integrate various relevant views and perspectives that highlight different structural aspects of a supply network. Second, the system must deliver required information on-demand and update the visual representation via user-initiated interactions. Third, the system must provide both descriptive and predictive analytic functions for managers to gain contingency intelligence. Based on these capabilities we implement an interactive web-based visual analytic system. Our system enables managers to interactively apply visual encodings based on different node and edge attributes to facilitate mental map matching between abstract attributes and visual elements. Grounded in cognitive fit theory, we demonstrate that an interactive visual system that dynamically adjusts visual representations to the decision environment can significantly enhance decision-making processes in a supply network setting. We conduct multi-stage evaluation sessions with prototypical users that collectively confirm the value of our system. Our results indicate a positive reaction to our system. We conclude with implications and future research opportunities. Supply network scale, scope, and complexity strain managers' cognitive capacity.Visual analytics augments and amplifies managers' supply network intelligence.We propose a visual analytic framework for supply network management.System incorporates multiple interactive visualizations and predictive analytics.Multi-phase evaluations reveal significant utility and usefulness of our system.
INDUCED HYPOTENSION DURING HEAD AND NECK SURGERY

SUMMARY The relative value of induced hypotension as defined by the risk to benefit ratio is as controversial today as it was nearly half a century ago. The idea of the „bloodless field“?“ is an important consideration in reconstructive middle ear surgery and ophthalmologic surgery and is still considered by many to allow surgery that otherwise could not be accomplished. As surgical techniques improve, and as other techniques of blood conservation such as cell saving, isovolemic hemodilution, and autologous blood donation become more widely practiced, the advantages of induced hypotension become somewhat diminished. However, much has been learned about the risks of hypotensive anesthesia, and although one can only guess, the relative risks of the procedure by reported cases seem to be less today than two decades ago. A balance of systemically decreasing mean arterial pressure, regionally managing venous resistance and capacitance, and locally controlling precapillary resistance seems the most logical means of improving the surgical field while minimizing the risks of focusing on anyone of these factors. Although most of our research efforts are designed to find the most effective, least toxic drug for the job, there is clearly no single drug that accomplishes all that we would like. The combined considerations of surgical and anesthetic management demand an individualized approach. When improved or adequate visibility of the surgical field is the desired end point, a modest reduction in blood pressure may be sufficient to improve operating conditions. It occasionally seems that no matter how low the blood pressure is decreased, the surgical conditions are less than optimal. For surgical procedures in which induced hypotension is deemed appropriate, controlled reduction of the blood pressure may be effectively achieved with many different pharmacologic agents either primarily or in combination with other anesthetics. Most concerns about the risks and/or toxicity of specific hypotensive medications can be avoided by limiting the reduction of systemic blood pressure and increasing the utilization of locally administered vasoconstrictors whenever possible. Deliberate hypotension may be well tolerated by most patients to levels of mean cerebral arterial pressure as low as 35 to 40 mm Hg. However, some patients may experience significant end-organ hypoperfusion at a MAP in the range of 50 to 55 mm Hg. Induced hypotension continues to be a justifiable and useful technique in selected cases; however, the inherent risks must not be underestimated.
Chemisorption and Reactivity of NO on (10\(\bar{1}\)0) Ru

A combination of modern surface measurement techniques such as LEED, AES and Thermal Desorption Spectroscopy were used to study the chemisorptive behavior of NO on the (1010)Ru surface. The experimental evidence strongly favors an adsorption model in which NO adsorbs and rapidly dissociates into separate nitrogen and oxygen adsorbed phases, each exhibiting ordered structures: the C(2x4) and (2x1) structures at one-half and full saturation coverage, respectively. At temperatures as low as 200°C, the nitrogen phase begins to desorb, and continuous exposure to NO in this temperature range results in an increasing oxygen coverage until the surface is saturated with oxygen and no further NO dissociation can take place. There is evidence that once the surface is saturated with the dissociated NO phase further NO adsorption occurs in a molecular state.
Application of CXCR4 Inhibitors in Leukemia

Hematopoietic and cancer cells express the CXCR4 receptor, which in conjunction with its SDF-1/CXCL12 ligand mediates leukemia cell trafficking and homing to the marrow microenvironment. This interaction brings CXCR4-bearing cells within close proximity to marrow stromal cells, thus providing a niche for leukemic cell growth and contributing to drug resistance. Historically, CXCR4 antagonists were developed for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), but were also found to induce leukocytosis upon administration. This led to their use in hematopoietic stem cell mobilization. However, since CXCR4 plays a key role in homing and retention of normal and leukemic stem cells as well as other cancer cells to their microenvironments, the use of CXCR4 antagonists may provide for a novel therapeutic approach to interrupt these protective interactions and thus sensitize AML blasts to chemotherapy in vivo. Preclinical and/or clinical studies have shown that these novel drugs mobilize both normal hematopoietic progenitors and AML blasts into the peripheral circulation and that they are synergistic with G-CSF. In this chapter we will discuss CXCR4 inhibitors and their effects on mobilizing normal and leukemic cells when given alone or with G-CSF in preclinical models and in the clinic.
Associations Between Having An Informal Caregiver, Social Support, And Self-Care Among Low-Income Adults With Poorly Controlled Diabetes

Objective: To determine whether the presence of an informal caregiver and the patient’s level of social support are associated with better diabetes self-care among adults with poorly controlled diabetes. Methods: Cross-sectional study using baseline data from 253 adults of age 30–70 with poorly controlled diabetes. Participants who reported receiving assistance with their diabetes from a friend or family member in the past month were classified as having a caregiver. We used multivariate linear and logistic regression models to evaluate the associations between having a caregiver and level of social support with five self-reported diabetes self-care behaviors: diet, foot checks, blood glucose monitoring, medications, and physical activity. Results: Compared to participants with no informal caregiver, those with an informal caregiver were significantly more likely to report moderate or high medication adherence (OR¼1.93, 95% CI: 1.07–3.49, p¼0.028). When we included social support in the model, having a caregiver was no longer significantly associated with medication adherence (OR¼1.50, 95% CI: 0.80–2.82), but social support score was (OR¼1.22, 95% CI: 1.03–1.45, p¼0.023). Discussion: Among low-income adults with poorly controlled diabetes, having both an informal caregiver and high social support for diabetes may have a beneficial effect on medication adherence, a key self-care target to improve diabetes control.
Moving Target Defense: A Symbiotic Framework for AI & Security

Modern day technology has found its way into every aspect of our lives-- be it the server storing our social information, the hand-held smartphones, the home security systems or a remotely monitored pacemaker. Unfortunately, this also increases the opportunity for agents with malicious intent to violate the privacy, availability or integrity of these applications. In fact, with the advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and faster hardware, the process of finding and exploiting vulnerabilities is no longer as time-consuming as before. Moving Target Defense (MTD) is emerging as an effective technique in addressing these security concerns. This technique, as used by the cyber security community, however, does not incorporate the dynamics of a multi-agent system between an attacker and defender, resulting in sub-optimal behavior. My study of such systems in a multi-agent context helps to enhance the security of MTD systems and proposes a list of challenges for the AI community. Furthermore, borrowing the example of MTD systems from the cyber security community, we can address some security concerns of the present day AI algorithms. In this abstract, I describe my research work that uses AI for enhancing security of a multi-agent MTD system and highlight research avenues in using MTD for enhancing security of present AI algorithms.
Building a custom client-side research tool for online web-based experiments

This chapter describes a general software-based approach to conducting online Web research through the development of a custom research tool. Specifically, the tool is an Internet Explorer-like Web browser that can be designed to deliver experimental treatments and to collect experimental data with great precision and flexibility. The purpose of the manuscript is to introduce this approach to Web-based research, and to discuss the most salient issues, techniques, and problems that are involved in the development and use of such a research instrument.Programming custom event handlers, for a preexisting software object called the WebBrowser Control, constitutes a major part of the research approach. Event handling techniques having to do with downloading and navigation, with browser interface emulation, and with window and session control are presented. Other relevant issues such as cache management, keyboard handling, and accessing HTML page elements through the Document Object Model are also presented.
Household food waste collection: Building service networks through neighborhood expansion.

Abstract In this paper we develop a residential food waste collection analysis and modeling framework that captures transportation costs faced by service providers in their initial stages of service provision. With this framework and model, we gain insights into network transportation costs and investigate possible service expansion scenarios faced by these organizations. We solve a vehicle routing problem (VRP) formulated for the residential neighborhood context using a heuristic approach developed. The scenarios considered follow a narrative where service providers start with an initial neighborhood or community and expands to incorporate other communities and their households. The results indicate that increasing household participation, decreases the travel time and cost per household, up to a critical threshold, beyond which we see marginal time and cost improvements. Additionally, the results indicate different outcomes in expansion scenarios depending on the household density of incorporated neighborhoods. As household participation and density increases, the travel time per household in the network decreases. However, at approximately 10–20 households per km2, the decrease in travel time per household is marginal, suggesting a lowerbound household density threshold. Finally, we show in food waste collection, networks share common scaling effects with respect to travel time and costs, regardless of the number of nodes and links.
Integrative Physiology of Pneumonia.

Pneumonia is a type of acute lower respiratory infection that is common and severe. The outcome of lower respiratory infection is determined by the degrees to which immunity is protective and infla...
An Alternating-Constraints Algorithm for Volume-Preserving Non-rigid Registration of Contrast-Enhanced MR Breast Images

We propose and evaluate in this work a novel optimization strategy for intensity-based non-rigid image registration of contrast-enhanced images with a volume-preservation constraint. Since patient motion correction and volume preservation are to some extent mutually exclusive goals, one is usually faced with a trade-off between volume preservation of contrast-enhancing structures and artifact reduction. We address this problem by repeatedly applying registration passes with alternating incompressibility constraint weights. The novel optimization method alternates between under-constrained registration (allowing the elimination of motion artifacts in the subtraction images) and over-constrained registration (enforcing volume preservation of contrast-enhancing structures). We apply our method to pre- and post-contrast MR breast images from 17 patients. We evaluate our method and compare it to unconstrained and fixed constraint non-rigid registration by blinded visual assessment of maximum intensity projections of subtraction images. The alternating-constraints algorithm was judged to reduce artifacts better then the fixed-constraint algorithm in 11 out of 17 patients and equally well in the remaining 6. The results of this study show the capability of our method to achieve volume preservation and at the same time reduce artifacts very similar to what can be achieved by unconstrained non-rigid registration.
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY OF QUASICRYSTALLINE MATERIALS

Overall, the thermal conduction in quasicrystalline materials appears to behave in a manner much as one would expect a glass to behave. At low temperatures, a T 2 temperature dependence which is sometimes associated with some amorphous materials is evident in quasicrystals. As temperature increases, a phonon saturation plateau is observed; as temperatures increase above 150 K, the electronic contribution of the thermal conductivity begins to become important. Quasicrystals are fascinating materials displaying electronic properties most closely related to crystalline materials and thermal properties most closely associated with amorphous materials.
Post-Treatment Processes of Cake Filtration

Post-treatment of cake filtration is applied in order to remove filtrate and/or solute residues present within filter cakes at the end of cake filtration. For de-watering dilute liquid-particle suspensions, the process known as expression actually consists of two types of operations: cake filtration followed by consolidation. The transition from cake filtration to consolidation is discussed and a criterion of transition is developed. For further filtrate removal, deliquoring by air suction or blow may be required. Empirical procedures for designing such an operation are introduced and illustrated with examples.
Broth Microdilution Antibacterial Assay of Peptides

Native peptides exhibit various biological activities from which the antimicrobial property is one of the most frequently studied. A convenient way of telling whether peptides influence the life cycle of bacteria is the broth microdilution assay. In this measure, growing bacteria are incubated with peptides and growth inhibition is detected with colorimetric methods. Highly charged and protease-sensitive peptides need special considerations in assay design and readout interpretation to reveal the true antimicrobial efficacy and potential utility as human or veterinary therapeutics. The broth microdilution assay is suitable for first assessment of antimicrobial resistance induction.
Things are not always equal

In this paper we discuss the use of subsumption as device to model linguistic generalizations. Constraint-based linguistic frameworks make ample use of equality relations but, although equality is nothing but two-way subsumption, subsumption itself has not been used much, except as a meta-grammatical device in the HPSG type hierarchy. Here we investigate two cases where subsumption is a useful device to model syntactic phenomena.
Spectral Ripples in Round-Window Cochlear Microphonics: Evidence for Multiple Generation Mechanisms.

The cochlear microphonic (CM) results from the vector sum of outer hair cell transduction currents excited by a stimulus. The classical theory of CM generation—that the response measured at the round window is dominated by cellular sources located within the tail region of the basilar membrane (BM) excitation pattern—predicts that CM amplitude and phase vary little with stimulus frequency. Contrary to expectations, CM amplitude and phase-gradient delay measured in response to low-level tones in chinchillas demonstrate a striking, quasiperiodic pattern of spectral ripples, even at frequencies > 5 kHz, where interference with neurophonic potentials is unlikely. The spectral ripples were reduced in the presence of a moderate-level saturating tone at a nearby frequency. When converted to the time domain, only the delayed CM energy was diminished in the presence of the saturator. We hypothesize that the ripples represent an interference pattern produced by CM components with different phase gradients: an early-latency component originating within the tail region of the BM excitation and two delayed components that depend on active cochlear processing near the peak region of the traveling wave. Using time windowing, we show that the early, middle, and late components have delays corresponding to estimated middle-ear transmission, cochlear forward delays, and cochlear round-trip delays, respectively. By extending the classical model of CM generation to include mechanical and electrical irregularities, we propose that middle components are generated through a mechanism of “coherent summation” analogous to the production of reflection-source otoacoustic emissions (OAEs), while the late components arise through a process of internal cochlear reflection related to the generation of stimulus-frequency OAEs. Although early-latency components from the passive tail region typically dominate the round-window CM, at low stimulus levels, substantial contributions from components shaped by active cochlear processing provide a new avenue for improving CM measurements as assays of cochlear health.
PIEs: Public Incompressible Encodings for Decentralized Storage

We present a new primitive supporting file replication in distributed storage networks (DSNs) called a Public Incompressible Encoding (PIE). PIEs operate in the challenging public DSN setting where files must be encoded and decoded with public randomness-i.e., without encryption-and retention of redundant data must be publicly verifiable. They prevent undetectable data compression, allowing DSNs to use monetary rewards or penalties in incentivizing economically rational servers to properly replicate data. Their definition also precludes critical, demonstrated attacks involving parallelism via ASICs and other custom hardware. Our PIE construction is the first to achieve experimentally validated near-optimal performance-within a factor of 4 of optimal by one metric. It also allows decoding orders of magnitude faster than encoding, unlike other comparable constructions. We achieve this high security and performance using a graph construction called a Dagwood Sandwich Graph (DSaG), built from a novel interleaving of depth-robust graphs and superconcentrators. PIEs' performance makes them appealing for DSNs, such as the proposed Filecoin system and Ethereum data sharding. Conversely, their near-optimality establishes concerning bounds on the practical financial and energy costs of DSNs allowing arbitrary data.
A Differential Resonant Edge Detection Sensor

The detection of metal edges is a common problem in manufacturing of metal products including strips and tapes, as well as in alignment of metal sheets for assembly of products. The detection may be as simple as detecting the position of the edge—either qualitatively, that is, the very existence of a metal edge or may be highly quantitative, whereby the exact position of the edge is sought for the purpose of alignment or assembly. Metal strips may be very thin or relatively thick, may be ferromagnetic or nonmagnetic and in some applications, such as during production, may be at high temperatures. The present work proposes a self-compensating, highly sensitive resonant sensor suitable for the industrial environment. The method relies on two split coils one for each edge, detecting the position of one edge of the strip. To compensate for a variety of effects such as jitter, drift, and frequency locking, the two coils are switched at a fixed rate onto a single resonator. The difference in resonant frequency of the two coils is calculated and is used to locate the edges and to generate correction signals for the purpose of positioning the metal strip. The results presented here are based on tests made on a scale prototype sensor.
Buttressed and breached: The exurban fortress, cannabis activism, and the drug war's shifting political geography

As the post-1980s revanchist drug war transformed US cities, another spatial formation was materializing: exurbia. The final roost of suburban white flight, exurbia also formed via the spatial–raci...
Timing of Complications following Hand Surgery

Introduction Our purposes were to (1) characterize the timeline of eight postoperative complications following hand surgery, (2) assess complication timing for the procedures that account for the majority of adverse events, and (3) determine any differences in complication timing between outpatient and inpatient procedures. Materials and Methods Patients undergoing hand, wrist, and forearm procedures from 2005 to 2016 were identified in the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database. Timing of eight adverse events was characterized. Cox proportional hazards modeling was used to compare adverse event timing between inpatient and outpatient procedures. Results A total of 59,040 patients were included. The median postoperative day of diagnosis for each adverse event was as follows: myocardial infarction 1, pulmonary embolism 2, acute kidney injury 3, pneumonia 8, deep vein thrombosis 9, sepsis 13, urinary tract infection 15, and surgical site infection 16. Amputations, fasciotomies, and distal radius open reduction internal fixation accounted for the majority of adverse events. Complication timing was significantly earlier in inpatients compared with outpatients for myocardial infarction. Conclusion This study characterizes postoperative adverse event timing following hand surgery. Surgeons should have the lowest threshold for testing for each complication during the time period of greatest risk. Level of Evidence This is a therapeutic, Level III study.
Guest Editorial Special Issue on Vehicular Clouds

Cloud Computing, a catchy metaphor for utility computing, implemented through the provisioning of various types of hosted services over the Internet, has seen phenomenal growth and quasi-universal adoption in the past two decades. The underlying business model of cloud computing is the familiar “pay-as-you-go” model of metered services, where a user pays for whatever he/she uses and no more, and where additional demand for service can be met in real time. This powerful idea was suggested, at least in part, by the pervasive low-cost high-speed Internet, a good handle on virtualization, and advances in parallel and distributed computing. Three aspects are novel in conventional cloud computing: First, it gives users the illusion of infinite computing resources available to them on demand. Second, it eliminates the up-front financial commitment by cloud users, allowing them to increase hardware/software resources as needed. Third, it gives users the ability to pay for resources on a short-term basis and release them when they are no longer needed.
The Incidence and Surgical Approaches of Pancreatic Injuries Following Blunt and Penetrating Abdominal Trauma in Al-DiwaniyahTeaching Hospital

The pancreas is a long J-shaped, soft, lobulated retroperitoneal organ. Pancreatic injury is relatively uncommon, occurring in 0.2–2 % of all trauma patients and 3–12 % of patients with abdominal injury. All traumatic pancreatic injuries are associated with significant morbidity with an overall rate of morbidity nearing 40%, higher grade pancreatic injuries are associated with higher rates of morbidity and mortality . To evaluate of surgical management of blunt and penetrating pancreatic trauma. During the period from January 2015 to September 2018, thirty patients with blunt and penetrating abdominal trauma were managed in emergency surgical department in Al-Diwaniya Teaching Hospital and assigned in prospective a case control study. Patients with proved associated pancreatic injury (regardless of the degree) at the time of laparotomy were included in the study . The mean age of patients was 34.4 year (17- 57 years) among them there was 25 male (83.3 %) and 5 females (16. 7% The overall mortality rate is 20% (6 patients). The predominant mechanism of injury was penetrating 24 patients (80%) from gunshots and 6 patients with blunt abdominal trauma resulted from road traffic accidents). Pancreatic injury is infrequent in abdominal trauma. Its frequency is little different between blunt and penetrating abdominal trauma.
A Construction of Blow up Solutions for Co-rotational Wave Maps

The existence of co-rotational finite time blow up solutions to the wave map problem from \({\mathbb{R}^{2+1} \to N}\) , where N is a surface of revolution with metric dρ2 + g(ρ)2dθ2, g an entire function, is proven. These are of the form \({u(t,r)=Q(\lambda(t)t)+\mathcal{R}(t,r)}\) , where Q is a time independent solution of the co-rotational wave map equation −utt + urr + r−1ur = r−2g(u)g′(u), λ(t) = t−1-ν, ν > 1/2 is arbitrary, and \({\mathcal{R}}\) is a term whose local energy goes to zero as t → 0.
Strangeness-changing Rates and Hyperonic Bulk Viscosity in Neutron Star Mergers

In this paper we present a computation of the rates of strangeness-changing processes and the resultant bulk viscosity in matter at the densities and temperatures typical of neutron star mergers. To deal with the high temperature in this environment we go beyond the Fermi surface approximation in our rate calculations and numerically evaluate the full phase space integral. We include processes where quarks move between baryons via meson exchange: these have generally been omitted in previous analyses but provide the dominant contribution to the rates of strangeness-changing processes and the bulk viscosity. The calculation of these rates is an essential step towards any calculation of dissipation mechanisms in hyperonic matter in mergers. As one application, we calculate the dissipation times for density oscillations at the frequencies seen in merger simulations. We find that hyperon bulk viscosity for temperatures in the MeV regime can probably be neglected in this context, but becomes highly relevant for keV-range temperatures.
Validity of the modified sphygmomanometer test for the assessment of tip pinch strength in Parkinson's disease.

Abstract Background The tip pinch is one of the most delicate and precise movement of the hand, and it is used to manipulate small objects, commonly observed in the activities of daily living of any individuals. Individuals with Parkinson Disease (PD) with impaired manual dexterity, manipulative skills, and hand weakness have an important barrier for activities of daily life. However, the dynamometer usually used for measuring the tip pinch have a high cost, so, validate a sphygmomanometer can make this assessment more accessible. Objective To investigate the validity of the modified sphygmomanometer test in the evaluation of tip pinch strength when compared to the gold standard. Methods 50 individuals with idiopathic PD took part in the study. The muscle strength of tip pinch on the dominant and non-dominant side was measured by the modified sphygmomanometer test and the gold standard, the dynamometer. Concurrent validity was analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient. Results 50 individuals diagnosed with idiopathic PD, mean age of 67 ± 8.0 years, 68% male, mean time of diagnosis in months of 84 ± 66 and Hoehn and Yahr mean of 2.5 ± 0.6. There was a significant correlation of moderate magnitude between the modified sphygmomanometer test and the dynamometer in dominant side (r = 0.44; p Conclusion The modified sphygmomanometer test showed adequate validity for assessing the muscle strength of the tip pinch in individuals with PD.
Anders dan ik

Om aan alle patienten goede en toegankelijke zorg te kunnen leveren hebben artsen culturele sensitiviteit nodig. Culturele sensitiviteit betekent dat je situaties niet alleen vanuit het eigen kader van normen en waarden bekijkt, maar ook vanuit dat van de ander. Het ontwikkelen van culturele sensitiviteit is een continu leerproces, waarbij de ontmoeting met anderen een centrale rol speelt. Reflectie en intervisie helpen om je bewust te worden van je eigen culturele programmering: het geheel van opvattingen, normen en waarden dat je hebt aangeleerd, voor waar aanneemt en vanwaaruit jij de wereld om je heen benadert. Het besef dat ieder mens meerdere deelidentiteiten heeft, kan helpen om automatisch gegenereerde negatieve vooroordelen opzij te zetten en vanuit belangstelling vragen te stellen. Daarnaast kan tijd vrijmaken voor de culturele beleving van ziekte en het gezondheidszorgsysteem bijdragen aan een beter begrip van de patient en het leveren van zorg op maat.
Associations between emergency department crowding and perceptions of interpersonal care in patients presenting with suspected acute coronary syndrome.

BACKGROUND Emergency department (ED) crowding is associated with numerous healthcare issues, but little is known about its effect on psychosocial aspects of patient-provider interactions or interpersonal care. We examined whether ED crowding was associated with perceptions of interpersonal care in patients evaluated for acute coronary syndrome (ACS). METHODS Patients presenting to a quaternary academic medical centre ED in New York City for evaluation of suspected ACS were enrolled between November 2013 and December 2016. ED crowding was measured using the ED Work Index (EDWIN), which incorporates patient volume, triage category, physician staffing and bed availability. Patients completed the 18-item Interpersonal Processes of Care (IPC) survey, which assesses communication, patient-centred decision-making and interpersonal style. Regression analyses examined associations between EDWIN and IPC scores, adjusting for demographics, comorbidities and depression. RESULTS Among 933 included patients, 11% experienced ED overcrowding (EDWIN score >2) at admission, 11% experienced ED overcrowding throughout the ED stay and 30% reported suboptimal interpersonal care (defined as per-item IPC score <5). Higher admission EDWIN score was associated with modestly lower IPC score in both unadjusted (β=-1.70, 95% CI -3.15 to -0.24, p=0.02) and adjusted models (β = -1.77, 95% CI -3.31 to -0.24, p=0.02). EDWIN score averaged over the entire ED stay was not significantly associated with IPC score (unadjusted β=-1.30, 95% CI -3.19 to 0.59, p=0.18; adjusted β=-1.24, 95% CI -3.21 to 0.74, p=0.22). CONCLUSION Increased crowding at the time of ED admission was associated with poorer perceptions of interpersonal care among patients with suspected ACS.
Screening Legal Claims Based on Third-Party Litigation Finance Agreements and Other Signals of Quality

The advent of third-party litigation finance introduces a new gatekeeper to the legal process. Before deciding to lend money to a plaintiff, a litigation finance company will conduct at least some review and make an assessment of the quality of the case. Since litigation finance loans are generally non-recourse, a litigation finance company is likely to refuse to loan money to plaintiffs with the weakest cases. Such voluntary claim screening may improve social welfare by reducing the incidence of frivolous claims. But the volume of frivolous claims may still be higher than it would be in a world without third-party litigation finance. In particular, third-party litigation finance companies, which lend money to litigants to enable them to pursue cases, might sometimes finance claims that would have a very low probability of prevailing at trial on the assumption that such claims may encourage nuisance settlements. This danger may be greater than when a plaintiff self-finances, because the provision of outside financing may help make credible a threat to proceed to trial in the absence of a settlement. This possibility makes the social welfare consequences of alternative litigation finance an empirical question. Surely, many financed claims will be meritorious, in the probabilistic sense that if the plaintiffs were to receive financing, they would be more likely than not to win at trial. It is uncertain, however, whether the beneficial economic effects of enabling such claims outweigh the negative effects of facilitating claims that courts are highly likely to reject. The answer may vary based on the type of claim or the type of litigation finance arrangement.
Theme and Variation in Tyrosine Recombinases: Structure of a Flp-DNA Complex

The recently determined structure of a Flp-DNA complex confirms that its catalytic domain closely resembles that of other family members, although the active site itself is assembled differently. The reaction mechanism as drawn is the distillation of years of work by many laboratories. In addition to the structure of the Flp-DNA complex, which is the focus of this chapter, crystal structures of four members of this family have been determined: the core domains of the λ (30) and HP1 (23) phage integrases, intact Escherichia coli XerD (52), and intact bacteriophage P1 Cre. The active site of Flp has been known for some time to differ from that of its relatives in one very important aspect: in contrast to other tyrosine recombinases, including the λ and HP1 phage integrases, Cre (20), and XerC and D (5, 7), the active sites within Flp complexes are composed of amino acid residues from two different monomers. The chapter briefly describes the structure of a Flp-Holliday junction complex and its biochemical implications, and explores its similarities to and differences from other tyrosine recombinases and the type IB topoisomerases.
Chemical Carcinogenesis: A Brief History of Its Concepts with a Focus on Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

As discussed in Chapter 5, the first reported example of a carcinogenic exposure that led to human cancer is ascribed to Sir John Percival Pott. Pott was born in 1714 and became a respected surgeon who practiced at St. Bartholomew’s Hospital, London, Great Britain. In his practice, Dr. Pott observed “sores” on the scrotums of chimney sweeps in London. While other surgeons presumed that these were the results of venereal disease, Dr. Pott realized that they were some kind of skin cancer. He surmised that the cause of the cancers was “a lodgement of soot in the ruggae of the scrotum.” In 1775 he reported these findings in “Chirugical Observations Relative to the Cataract, the Polypus of the Nose, the Cancer of the Scrotum, the Different Kinds of Ruptures, and the Mortification of Toes and Feet.” This publication was the first in epidemiology that related external exposures of coal tar/soot to a human cancer (Pott 1775). Originally termed Pott’s cancer, it is more commonly referred to as chimney-sweep’s cancer. One hundred and forty years later, the first experimental evidence that coal tar was carcinogenic came from two Japanese pathologists, Katsusaburo Yamagiwa and CHAPter 6
Obama's Fatherhood Initiative: New Fathers or Neopatriarchy?

President Obama has made a point of marking Father’s Day with discussions of policies related to fathers and families. These programs are an update and continuation of programs initiated in the Clinton Administration and greatly expanded in the Bush Administration through the Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF) program that was the result of welfare “reform” in the 1990s. Feminists and poverty advocates were deeply critical of the “Responsible Fatherhood” program of the Bush Administration, seeing it as ineffective, gendered, poorly targeted, and paternalistic. Criticism of the Obama proposals has been much more muted, and some feminist groups and poverty advocates have endorsed them. This paper analyzes both the symbolic and substantive aspects of this initiative as it has been continued and developed by the Obama Administration.
Rational expectations and monetary models of exchange rate determination: An empirical examination

Abstract One asset model of exchange rate determination that has received substantial attention in the literature is the monetary model. As with other asset models, expectations of future exchange rates play a key role. Usually these expectations are assumed to be formed rationally. However, to date there has been no attempt to empirically estimate a complete monetary model with rational expectations. In this paper, such a model is estimated and the restrictions implicity imposed by the rational expectation hypothesis tested. The results suggest that both the parameter constraints associated with the monetary model and those implied by the REH are consistent with recent exchange rate behavior.
Does the form of compensation matter

Abstract The role of fee contracts in the agency relation between investment bankers and client firms in tender offers is investigated using a sample of offers between 1978 and 1986. Different fees have different payoff functions which can be used by firms to create incentives and by bankers to signal differences in abilities. The effectiveness of fee contracts in resolving agency problems in tested, with mixed results. The evidence suggests that fee contracts are used as a tool by both firms and bankers and that contracts influence tender offer outcomes but that contracting is only a partial solution to the agency problem.
Conceptualizing Vote Buying as a Process: An Empirical Study in Thai Provinces

Vote buying is often conceptualized incorrectly—whether stated or inferred, and usually without being operationalized—as having a simple dichotomous outcome: It is either practiced and it corrupts the electoral process, or it does not. Conceptualizing vote buying in this manner is not only misleading, but it also fails to expose the complex nature of vote buying and its impact on voter turnout. Instead, I conceptualize vote buying as a process that involves specific steps by answering the following questions: How does the vote-buying process unfold, and does vote buying result in votes for the vote buyer? I use interview data from Thai provinces to understand the experiences and perceptions of ordinary Thais at each step of the vote-buying process. The results highlight the importance of viewing vote buying as a process, in addition to understanding the relationship between vote buying and voter turnout.
Development of Empirical Correlations between Wilshire US REIT Index and Dow Jones Industrial Average Index and Different Interest Rate Swaps

REITs (Real Estate Investment Trusts) have gained significant popularity among the financial investors in therecent years. The investors do not have access to any model that correlates Wilshire US REIT Index with DowJones Industrial Average and different interest rate swaps. The researcher has developed empirical correlationsbetween Wilshire US REIT Index and Dow Jones Average and swap rates of different durations. The nullhypothesis that no correlation exists between natural logarithms of Wilshire US REIT Index and naturallogarithms of Dow Jones Industrial Average Index has been tested. The researcher has also tested the nullhypotheses that no correlation exists between natural logarithms of Wilshire US REIT Index and interest rateswaps of different durations. The period used in this study is from March 10, 2005, to March 10, 2015. Thefindings from this study indicate that the null hypothesis that no correlation exists between natural logarithm ofUS REIT Index and Dow Jones Industrial Average Index can be rejected. Further, the null hypotheses that nocorrelation exists between natural logarithms of US REIT Index and 1-year, 2-year, 3-year and 30-year interestrate swaps can also be rejected.
The right to be read: Newspapers vs. advertisers

Abstract Prospective advertisers occasionally cannot obtain space for their messages in newspapers. In a recent case, for example, the Amalgamated Clothing Workers challenged the four Chicago daily newspapers. These “refusal to deal” cases involve three major points. First, the First Amendment protects the disseminator of messages but does not assure that messages will ever be distributed. Second, the newspaper industry is essentially one of local monopolies with a few scattered local oligopolies; future rivalry is unlikely. And, third, the courts generally have been sympathetic to the publisher who refuses an advertisement, but the broadcast media are under greater legal obligation to present both sides of controversial issues.
Soviet Perspectives on American Social Psychology

This issue of Soviet Psychology provides a partial introduction to the publications of the Division of Philosophical and Social Psychological Problems of the Institute of Psychology of the USSR Academy of Sciences. The Institute of Psychology was founded in 1971. The social psychology group has approximately a dozen full-time members and represents the largest concentration of social psychological efforts in the USSR. (It should be noted that the USSR Academy of Sciences, unlike the U.S. National Academy of Sciences, in addition to designating an honorific association of distinguished scientists, encompasses permanent research institutes with full-time staffs, such as the Institute of Psychology. As of 1979, B. F. Lomov, Director of the Institute of Psychology, was the only person on its staff to be a member ["Corresponding Member"] of the USSR Academy of Sciences in the honorific sense.)
Thermal Analysis of Solid-Solid Interactions in Binary Mixtures of Alkylcyclohexanes Using DSC

Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to construct phase diagrams of binary mixtures of alkylcyclohexanes and to characterize metastable phases formed in the binary mixtures. The experimentally measured liquidus curves were compared to the liquidus curves calculated using ideal solution theory. The measured phase diagrams of pentadecylcyclohexane/nonadecylcyclohexane and octadecylcyclohexane/nonadecylcyclohexane binary mixtures are consistent with theoretical phase diagrams constructed based on the assumption that these mixtures form eutectic systems. It was also observed that a metastable phase formed in some binary mixtures of pentadecylcyclohexane/nonadecylcyclohexane under fast cooling conditions. It is hypothesized that this metastable phase recrystallizes into the eutectic phase upon heating.
Religious Accommodations for County Clerks

Rowan County Clerk Kim Davis engendered considerable controversy after she instituted a “no marriage licenses” policy to avoid facilitating the marriages of same-sex couples in conflict with her religious beliefs. Federal District Court Judge David L. Bunning has been overseeing this dispute, which has included intermittent appeals to the Sixth Circuit, and even the United States Supreme Court. What is the basis and strength of her religious freedom claim? Is the only solution to the conflict between her sincerely held religious beliefs and the right of same-sex couples to marry for Davis to resign from her position as county clerk? The likely answer is yes.Davis has used religious freedom arguments to be exempted from issuing same-sex marriage licenses and certificates. She has argued she should not be held in contempt for disobeying a federal court’s order to issue marriage licenses and certificates because her refusal is based on sincerely held religious beliefs. She has also filed a third-party complaint in federal court against Kentucky Governor Steve Beshear and Commissioner Wayne Onkst seeking primarily an exemption under state law from issuing marriage licenses and certificates in conflict with her religious beliefs.Part I of this article places Davis’ legal claims in historical context. Part II discusses the strength of her religious freedom argument. Part III concludes by suggesting how these kinds of claims should be considered in the future. While Davis may have a cognizable claim that her religious freedom is “substantially burdened” by issuing marriage licenses and marriage certificates, it may not be possible for a court to fashion an accommodation under state religious freedom law without unconstitutionally demeaning the marriages of gay men and lesbians.
Measurements and analysis of process variability in 90nm CMOS

Process variability in deeply scaled CMOS has both random and systematic components, with a varying degree of spatial correlation. A test chip has been built to study the effects of circuit layout on variability of delay and power dissipation in 90nm CMOS. The delay is characterized through the spread of ring oscillator frequencies and the transistor leakage is measured by using an on-chip ADC