cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The recurrence risk of the syndrome of hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets (HELLP) in subsequent gestations.

Abstract Objective: Although it is an important clinical issue, accurate prediction of recurrence risk for the syndrome of hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets (HELLP) has been problematic because of limited patient experience. This study was undertaken to determine the likelihood that this form of severe preeclarnpsia-eclampsia or any other hypertensive disorder would occur in a subsequent pregnancy. Study Design: An extensive retrospective analysis of medical records and patient follow-up regarding subsequent pregnancy outcome were undertaken for the 481 patients with HELLP syndrome managed at this tertiary medical center between Jan. 1, 1980, and Oct. 30, 1991. The Mississippi three-class system was used to define severity of disease on the basis of the lowest observed perinatal platelet count (class 1 ≤ 50,000/μl, class 2>50,000/μl to ≤ 100,000//μl, and class 3>100,000//μl to ≤ 150,000/μl). Results: Subsequent gestations ( n = 195) occurred in 122 of 481 patients. Evaluable data were available for analysis in 161 of 195 possible pregnancies. Seventy-eight (48%) pregnancies were complicated by some type of hypertensive disorder, 44 (27%) of which had class 1, 2, or 3 HELLP syndrome. Non-HELLP preeclampsia-eclampsia was detected in 25 subsequent gestations (15%). Thus the total frequency of preeclampsia was 69 in 161 (43%). If the data for class 3 HELLP are completely excluded from the analysis, 81 subsequent evaluable and viable gestations were identified, 19 pregnancies with preeclampsia-eclampsia (23%) and 15 patients with HELLP syndrome (19%), for a total recurrence rate of 42%. Subsequent HELLP gestations were frequently delivered abdominally (64%) on average 2 weeks later than the index pregnancy (32.6 ± 5.0 weeks versus 34.7 ± 5.3 weeks). Delivery at Conclusion: The risk of recurrence of the HELLP syndrome in our population is 19% to 27%. When data from all pregnancies with all farms of preeclarnpsia are considered, the risk of recurrence for any type of preeclampsia-eclampsia is 42% to 43%. A previous preterm delivery is a very high risk factor for recurrence of prematurity with preeclampsia-eclampsia.
Resonance Raman and fluorescence spectra of chlorine dioxide in argon, krypton, xenon, and nitrogen matrices at 16 K

Abstract Laser excitation studies of matrix-isolated ClO 2 at 16 K using the 4579, 4765, 4880, and 5145 A argon ion lines and argon, krypton, xenon, and nitrogen matrices were conducted. Quenching of fluorescence by the matrix was evidenced by the observation of displaced bands in the Ar, Kr, and N 2 work and increased background in the Xe studies. An intense progression in ν 1 of ClO 2 with regularly decreasing intensities out to 6 ν 1 observed in solid Ar with 4579 A excitation was attributed to the resonance Raman effect. Shorter resonance Raman progressions were observed in Xe and N 2 matrices.
Extranodal lymphomas of the head and neck. A 20-year experience.

Background: Extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) of the head and neck is a relatively uncommon disease. Over the last 3 decades, a variety of systems, including the Rappaport, Luke-Collins, and Working Formulation classifications, have been used to classify extranodal NHLs of the head and neck. Most studies have included a relatively small number of patients, used different modalities of therapy, and did not include all head and neck sites. These limitations make comparisons between different studies and drawing any conclusions difficult. Objectives: To describe in a uniform fashion a relatively large number of patients with extranodal NHL of the head and neck treated at the same institution, using only the most current classification system and to describe the clinical features, behavior, and outcome of this relatively uncommon, but potentially curable disease. Design: A retrospective study of 98 patients with extranodal NHL of the head and neck. All patients were reclassified according to the Working Formulation system (regardless of the time of diagnosis) in order to uniformly define the clinical course of this disease in the head and neck. Setting: A tertiary care referral center. Results and Conclusions: The sinonasal tract was the most commonly involved site (25%). If the nasopharynx (16%), tonsil (12%), and base of tongue (8%) are grouped together, this combined site (Waldeyer ring) becomes the most common site of disease (36%). Patients with tonsillar lymphoma had a 20% incidence of associated gastrointestinal involvement. Approximately 50% of the patients had associated nodal disease, and only 20% had systemic or B symptoms. Three fourths of the patients had stage I or II disease, and approximately two thirds had intermediategrade lymphoma. Radiation therapy was the primary modality of therapy for localized disease (stages I and II), especially for low-grade lymphomas. Combination chemotherapy with or without radiation was used for more advanced disease and for intermediate- and high-grade lymphomas. Surgery was limited to establishing the diagnosis. Two thirds of the patients had a remission after initial therapy. Two thirds of these patients had no further relapse. Three fourths of the patients with relapse after initial remission died of their disease. The overall and disease-free survival rates for all patients were 60% and 50%, respectively. Outcome of therapy was related to stage and histologic grade. Patients with lymphomas of high histopathologic grade and recurrent and disseminated disease had the poorest prognosis. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1997;123:1318-1323
Heritability and physiological correlates of migratory tendency in the grasshopper Melanoplus sanguinipes

. Durations of tethered flights by the North American migratory grasshopper Melanoplus sanguinipes Fabricius are bimodally distributed: most individuals either will not fly, or else will fly for many hours. This observation suggests a simple measure (the ‘one-hour rule’) for distinguishing migrants from non-migrants. This measure is repeatable (repeatability = 0.6–0.7). Using laboratory-reared offspring of grasshoppers from an Arizona population of mixed migratory tendency, a breeding experiment was conducted to determine the heritability of migratory tendency and possible correlated responses to selection on migratory behaviour. When migratory tendency is considered as a threshold trait, the heritability of liability is in the range 0.5–0.6. Most families in the breeding experiment had at least some migrants among their offspring; selection on migratory incidence had a correlated effect on the durations of flights by these individuals. The magnitude of thoracic lipid reserves showed a modest correlated response to selection on migratory behaviour. Thoracic and abdominal lipid reserves in identified migrants are reduced by flight, indicating that lipid is mobilized and consumed during flight in this species.
Duplication of 20p12.3 associated with familial Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome

Wolff–Parkinson–White (WPW) syndrome is caused by preexcitation of the ventricular myocardium via an accessory pathway which increases the risk for paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. The condition is often sporadic and of unknown etiology in the majority of cases. Autosomal dominant inheritance and association with congenital heart defects or ventricular hypertrophy were described. Microdeletions of 20p12.3 have been associated with WPW syndrome with either cognitive dysfunction or Alagille syndrome. Here, we describe the association of 20p12.3 duplication with WPW syndrome in a patient who presented with non-immune hydrops. Her paternal uncle carries the duplication and has attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and electrocardiographic findings consistent with WPW. The 769 kb duplication was detected by the Affymetrix Whole Genome-Human SNP Array 6.0 and encompasses two genes and the first two exons of a third gene. We discuss the potential role of the genes in the duplicated region in the pathogenesis of WPW and possible neurobehavioral abnormalities. Our data provide additional support for a significant role of 20p12.3 chromosomal rearrangements in the etiology of WPW syndrome. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Physiological color changes in reptiles.

SYNOPSIS. The physiological regulation of color changes in reptiles as studied in the lizard, Anolis carolinensis , is discussed. In Anolis , the ability to adapt to a background is dependent upon the level of circulating MSH, therelease of which is dependent on information received through the eyes. Blinded (or intact) lizards are brown under conditions of strong illumination and green under conditions of lower light intensities, and, again, these color changes are regulated by MSH. According to Kleinholz, color changes in the blinded lizard are regulated by dermal photoreceptors. High or low temperatures directly affect the color of Anolis skins and alter the rate at which skins respond to hormones. Aggregationof melanin granules within Anolis melanophores in response to sympathomimetic stimulation is regulated through alpha adrenergic receptors whereas dispersion of melanin granules in response to such stimulation is controlled through beta adrenergicreceptors possessed by the melanophores. Most Anolis melanophores possess both alpha and beta adrenergic receptors, but some melanophores possess only beta adrenergic receptors. In the normal physiology of the lizard, under conditions of stress, stimulation of alpha adrenergic receptors by catecholamines leads to an “excitement—pallor“followed by an “excitement—darkening“ resulting from stimulation of beta adrenergic receptors which causes dispersion of melanin granules within localized populations of melanophores. Thus, in Anolis , dispersion of melanin granules within melanophores is regulated by both MSH and by catecholamines. Evidence is presented that the intracellular level of cyclic 3', 5'-AMP within melanophores may be responsible for the regulation of movement of melanin granules.
Electrochemistry of ionic polymer-metal composite

Platinum has been used as an effective electrode material for Ionic Polymer-Metal Composites (IPMCs) actuators. Realizing that platinum is a strong catalyst for many electrochemical reactions, the platinum surface allows many components to be adsorbed. Therefore, under imposed electrical potentials, platinum electrodes used for IPMCs introduce complex electrochemical phenomena on the platinum/electrolyte interface. This study points out that the electrochemistry of platinum is important in understanding the fundamental actuation mechanism of IPMCs. Electrochemical analyses, including voltammetry, AC impedance, and capacitance measurements, on IPMC samples were carried out in aqueous solutions. The experiments revealed the complex electrochemical behavior of IPMCs, including inductive behavior in higher frequencies than had originally been expected. The Mott-Schottky experiment was also performed to investigate the charge transfer and the possible adsorption mechanism associated with IPMCs. Seemingly, the equivalent circuit of IPMC follows a RLC circuit.
Farewell from the Editors

By decision of the incoming editor of Kidney International, the “Nephrology Forum” will be discontinued as of January 2006. Therefore, this December 2005 installment represents the feature's swan song, marking the end of an extraordinary run of 28 years. During this span, the Forum took on a wide range of topics, ranging from acid-base to xenotransplantation. Its principal discussants, drawn from over 35 countries around the world, represented the pinnacle of international nephrology and taught generations of nephrologists.
Early fatigue fractures in the IS-1 connector leg of a small-diameter ICD lead: Value of returned product analysis for improving device safety

Background Conductor fractures may affect the performance of implantable cardioverter-defibrillator leads. During routine surveillance of returned product analyses (RPAs) in the Food and Drug Administration's Manufacturers and User Facility Device Experience database, we found a number of conductor fractures in small diameter implantable cardioverter-defibrillator leads manufactured by St Jude Medical, Inc (SJM, Sylmar, CA). Objectives To determine the location and cause of these fractures and to catalog their clinical signs and consequences. Methods We searched the FDA's Manufacturers and User Facility Device Experience database on April 11, 2013. SJM provided information and data it collected independently. Results Our search found 59 leads with fractures in the IS-1 leg. Most fractures were in leads implanted in 2008–2009; no fractures were found in leads implanted after 2010. Outer coil conductor fractures accounted for the majority (51 of 59, 86%). Oversensing and noise were common signs, and 81% of the patients received inappropriate shocks. SJM's RPAs found that the fractures were due to inadequate strain relief and redesigned the IS-1 leg by shortening the crimp bore. Younger age and subpectoral implants appeared to be associated with these fractures. SJM stated the incidence is low (0.040%) and has not seen further fractures of this type in leads with the modified crimp. Conclusions SJM's small diameter leads that were manufactured before 2011 are prone to early outer coil fatigue fractures in the IS-1 leg. The failure mechanism appears to have been mitigated by a design change. RPA is important for improving device safety.
Programmatic Cost Risk Analysis for Highway Megaprojects

Highway megaprojects (construction projects over $100 million) are fraught with uncertainty. These projects have historically experienced increases in project costs from the time that a project is first proposed or programmed until the time that they are completed. Persistent cost underestimation reflects poorly on the industry in general but more specifically on engineers. Traditional methods take a deterministic, conservative approach to project cost estimating and then add a contingency factor that varies depending on the stage of project definition, experience, and other factors. This approach falls short, and no industry standard stochastic estimating practice is currently available. This paper presents a methodology developed by the Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT) for its Cost Estimating Validation Process. Nine case studies, with a mean cumulative value of over $22 billion, are presented and analyzed. Programmatic risks are summarized as economic, environmental, third party, right-of-way, program management, geotechnical, design process, construction, and other minor risks. WSDOT is successfully using the range cost output from this procedure to convey project costs to management and the public.
Sign language, pantomime, and gestural processing in aphasic persons: A review

Many aphasic individuals who fail to reacquire spoken language skills may retain the ability to acquire aspects of a manual communication system. This conclusion is reached after reviewing the results of studies of pantomime recognition and production, spontaneous gestural production, and manual language training in a wide range of aphasic subjects. Overall, the aphasic subjects appeared to be less impaired in their visuomotor processing than in their auditory-vocal processing. The results, however, are not definitive enough to resolve the long-standing debate as to whether or not a central symbolic deficit is present in aphasia.
Biochemical quantitation and histochemical localization of carboxylesterase in the nasal passages of the fischer-344 rat and B6C3F1 mouse

Inhalation exposure of rats and mice to glycol ether acetates and acrylate esters causes degeneration of the olfactory epithelium but not of the respiratory epithelium. Since these compounds are metabolized via carboxylesterase to acids that are toxic to the olfactory epithelium, the activity and cellular distribution of carboxylesterase in the nasal passages of rats and mice were studied. Olfactory mucosal carboxylesterase in both rats and mice was found to have a Vmax value for the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl butyrate approximately 3 to 6 times larger than that for respiratory mucosa. Similarly, the second-order rate constant for binding and catalysis, VK, was approximately four times greater in olfactory mucosa than in respiratory mucosa of both rats and mice. These data demonstrate that the olfactory mucosa of rats and mice hydrolyze carboxylesters more efficiently than the respiratory mucosae. Enzyme histochemistry was employed to identify the individual cells within the respiratory and olfactory mucosae which contain carboxylesterase activity. All cell types of the respiratory epithelium had some carboxylesterase activity, with varying intensities between individual cell populations. Ciliated and cuboidal epithelial cells were most active in this region. In the olfactory mucosa, however. Bowman's glands stained most intensely, sustentacular cells demonstrated moderate activity, and no activity was detectable in olfactory sensory cells. Together, these data quantitate carboxylesterase activity in nasal mucosal homogenates and localize the enzyme in individual cell types. The data suggest that olfactory mucosa may metabolize carboxylesters to acids more readily than respiratory mucosa. However, such metabolism does not occur in the target cell population, the olfactory sensory neurons, raising the possibility of intercellular migration of toxic acid metabolites.
Steady-state dendritic growth of NH4Br from solution

The growth of ${\mathrm{NH}}_{4}$Br dendrites from supersaturated aqueous solution is investigated to test recent theories of dendritic growth. A key prediction of these theories is that the tip radius \ensuremath{\rho} and steady-state growth speed v depend strongly on the surface tension anisotropy \ensuremath{\varepsilon}. We measure the capillary length d${\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}}_{0}$ and the crystalline anisotropy of ${\mathrm{NH}}_{4}$Br, along with the radius and speed of steady-state dendritic tips, in order to make a quantitative test of the theory. The stability constant ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}^{\mathrm{*}}$ (defined to be 2d${\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}}_{0}$D/v${\ensuremath{\rho}}^{2}$, where D is the diffusion constant) is found to be 0.081\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.02 for this material, in approximate agreement with the theoretical prediction of 0.065\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.02. The initial side-branch wavelength is found to be slightly larger than predicted. These measurements are consistent with the hypothesis that ``microscopic solvability'' determines the steady state of a dendrite.
Physics design for the ata tapered wiggler 10.6 μ FEL amplifier experiment

We are presently designing and constructing a high-gain, tapered wiggler 10.6 μ FEL amplifier to operate with the 50 MeV ATA e-beam. The initial experiments will be done with a constant period (λw = 8 cm), 5 m-long linear wiggler. For an input laser power of 800 MW and electron beam brightness of 2.105 A/(rad-cm)2, we hope to achieve a trapped particle fraction ˜0.5 and an energy extraction efficiency of ˜2% with a ˜10% taper in the wiggler magnetic field. This taper corresponds to decelerating the trapped particle approximately two full ponderomotive well (i.e. bucket) heights. In this talk, we will discuss the physics motivations behind our tapered wiggler design and initial experimental diagnostics.
Distortion as a Function of the Number of Factors Rotated under Varying Levels of Common Variance and Error

This study examined the effects of under and overrotation on common factor loading stability under three levels of common variance and three levels of error. Four representative factor matrices were selected. In each case, the factor matrix was adjusted to account for 30%, 45%, and 60% of common variance. Each of the adjusted matrices was postmultiplied by its transpose and the intercorrelation matrix obtained was factor analyzed to obtain the criterion matrix.Using Fisher's z transformations, randomly-generated error based on 100, 200, and 500 subjects was added to the similarly transformed intercorrelation matrix. Each error-laden matrix of z's was then transformed back to r 's and factor analyzed. Ten replications were completed for each experimental condition. Several rotations were tried below, equal to, and above the correct number of factors for each problem matrix chosen. Root-mean-square (RMS) mean values were obtained between the first few factors of each criterion matrix and the corresponding f...
Teaching, Scholarship and Sharing: Perspectives on Community

Accounting educators face ongoing needs for professional development. However, given constraints in available resource support and time demands, faculty members may perceive such efforts in terms of an ‘either/or’ proposition. An alternative view, presented here, conveys the power and potential of a ‘both/and’ approach built upon a model of shared strengths in the pursuit of professional development. Specifically examined is a university-wide faculty development initiative in the USA. A demonstrable theme is that each of us has the potential to add value to our own professional pursuits and to those of colleagues throughout our careers.
Raf and Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Regulate Stellate Cell Collagen Gene Expression

Hepatic stellate cells become activated into myofibroblast-like cells during the early stages of hepatic injury associated with fibrogenesis. The subsequent dysregulation of hepatic stellate cell collagen gene expression is a central pathogenetic step during the development of cirrhosis. The cytoplasmic Raf and mitogen-activated protein (MAPK) kinases were found to differentially regulate αI(I) collagen gene expression in activated stellate cells. This suggests an unappreciated branch point exists between Raf and MAPK. A MAPK-stimulatory signal was mapped to the most proximal NF-1 and Sp-1 binding domains of the 5′-untranslated region of the collagen gene. A Raf-inhibitory signal was mapped to a further upstream binding domain involving a novel 60-kDa DNA-binding protein (p60). The cell-specific expression and induction of p60 in stellate cells during the early stages of hepatic fibrogenesis in vivo suggest a central role for this pathway during liver injury and stellate cell activation.
Epidermal Growth Factor Expression in Esophageal Adenocarcinoma: A Clinically Relevant Target?

There has been recent widespread enthusiasm in epidermal growth factor (EGFR) as a molecularly active target in esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). However, there is limited data on the extent of EGFR expression in EAC. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluated EGFR, pErk1/2, and total Erk1/2 expression in malignant and benign specimens. Baseline expression of EGFR in the human normal squamous, Barrett’s, and EAC cell lines were determined as well as after bile acid treatment and curcumin pretreatment. In addition, EGFR expression was also evaluated in 60 matched normal and malignant EAC resected specimens. The in vitro studies in the Het-1a, BarT, and OE19 cell lines failed to show any measurable expression of EGFR via Western blot technique. The marker serving as the positive control for the study, MnSOD, showed expression in each cell line for all three treatment regimens at approximately 24 kDa EGFR, showing moderate staining in the malignant tumor specimens and low staining in the benign tissue specimens. pErk1/2 showed low staining in the malignant tumor specimens and no staining in the benign tissue specimens. Total Erk1/2 showed high staining in both the malignant tumor specimens and benign tissue specimens. The differences in the mean staining scores for the malignant versus benign tissue specimens for pErk1/2 and total Erk1/2 are not statistically significant (p = 0.0726 and p = 0.7054, respectively). Thus, in conclusion, EGFR expression has been confirmed to be limited to non-existent in EAC and thus its use as a clinically active target is limited at best. Prior to the use of these expensive anti-EGFR therapies, confirmation of overexpression should be verified.
Determining the accuracy of batching during pneumatic blowing of refractory semidry bodies

During the filling of molds with semidry refractory bodies from one batch with compressed air, we get quite accurate filling.
A similarity solution for the Direct Interaction Approximation and its relationship to renormalization‐group analyses of turbulence

The application of Kraichnan’s Direct Interaction Approximation [J. Fluid Mech. 5, 497 (1959)] to the inertial range of Navier–Stokes turbulence is examined. A similarity form valid in the inertial range is presented, along with several approximations permitting explicit solutions. The relationship of the present results to some recent renormalization‐group calculations is discussed. It is shown that these renormalization‐group calculations misrepresent the Direct Interaction Approximation’s nonlinear interaction and that the addition of an artificial stirring force is unnecessary.
Effect of Triiodothyronine on Deoxyribonucleic Acid- Dependent Ribonucleic Acid Polymerase Function in Rat Liver Nuclei*

Liver nuclei from the hypothyroid (H) rat demonstrate diminished synthesis of RNA by polymerases I and II and decreased content of mRNA in comparison to nuclei from normal (N) animals. The administration of 25 μg T3/100 g BW to H rats increased polymerases I and II per liver, per mg DNA, and per mg protein of solubilized polymerase. Direct addition of T3 to H rat polymerase preparations did not alter polymerase function. Direct addition of nuclear T3-binding protein-T3 complex to nuclei or solubilized polymerase also failed to increase polymerase function. Approximately one fifth of the total rat liver nuclear polymerase was solubilized by 0.15 M ammonium sulfate and was classified as loosely bound. The proportion of firmly and loosely bound polymerase was not different in N and H liver nuclei or in H and TVtreated hypothyroid (T) rat liver nuclei. Extraction of proteins soluble in 0.35 M KC1 from nuclei removed 40–60% of the polymerase, but the residual polymerasechromatin complex retained greater activi...
The influence of spinach thylakoid lumen volume and membrane proximity on the rotational motion of the spin label Tempamine

Phosphorylating electron-transport reactions, using either Photosystem I or Photosystem II, were found to be competent in driving the light-induced increase in rotational hindrance of the spin label Tempamine. The uncoupler gramicidin prevented the change induced by either photosystem while the electron-transport inhibitor 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (DCMU) only prevented the light-induced change associated with Photosystem II. The internal lumen microviscosity is termed ‘η’ and was found to be inversely proportional to the lumen volume. Substances which should compete for Tempamine-binding sites on the thylakoid membrane were found to be largely ineffectual in changing η. These results further support the hypothesis that the magnitude of η is directly related to the proximity of Tempamine to a membrane surface.
Connected component labeling with linear octree

Abstract The representation and manipulation of 3D objects are important for applications such as computer graphics, pattern recognition, robotics and medical imaging. As a consequence, a considerable amount of research is being carried out in data structures for 3D representation. Among these structures, the linear octree is a hierarchical pointerless representation, which stores object elements as a list of codes. Several algorithms have been proposed for linear octrees, including computation of topological properties and connected components labeling. In this paper, we are concerned with this last operation. However, the techniques we use are not limited to this case. We first introduce a new search technique, which does not make use of neighbor finding techniques that require the location of a nearest common ancestor. Instead, we use a table of pointers in the list. The computational cost of our algorithm has an order of O(N), where N is the number of elements in the list. The memory requirements of the pointer's table is of order O(n), for an 8n volume. In the second part of the paper, we come to the connected component labeling. Instead of the usual label using n digits, we use a hierarchical labeling, which creates a tree within each component. Its advantages are threefold. Firstly, we do not use an equivalence table. Secondly, in this particular case, our neighbor finding technique requires only O(1) pointers instead of O(n). But its main feature is a memory requirement of order O(N) for the labels, instead of Θ(n × N).
Laser Scattering Induced Holograms in Lithium Niobate

A 3.0-mm thick poled single crystal of lithium niobate doped with 0.1 mole% iron was exposed to a single beam and then to two intersecting beams of an argon ion laser operating at 515-nm wavelength. Laser scattering induced holograms were thus written and analyzed. The presence of diffraction cones was observed and is shown to result from the internally recorded interference pattern resulting from the interference of the original incident laser beam with light scattered from material inhomogeneities. This phenomenon is analyzed using Ewald sphere construction techniques which reveal the geometrical relationships existing for the diffraction cones.
Sklare Distinguished Scholar the holocaust after fifty years

Every year, since 1994, the Association for the Social Scientific Study of Jewry (ASSJ), with the gracious support of his family, has named as the Sklare Distinguished Scholar someone who has made a significant contribution to the social scientific study of Jewry. In recognition of the award, the Scholar has delivered an address to the annual meeting of ASSJ to which noted members of the Association have responded. The address and the comments have been published inContemporary Jewry. Illness, however, prevented this year’s Scholar, Celia Heller, from presenting her address. In lieu of the address, this year we present remarks made on the occasion of naming Professor Heller the Sklare Distinguished Scholar by William B. Helmreich, who was to discuss Professor Heller’s talk, but who instead commented on his own works dealing, as Professor Heller was to, with the Holocaust.
PARATHYROID INHIBITION OF BONE COLLAGEN SYNTHESIS.

The effect of a single large dose of parathyroid extract (PTE) in vivo on the synthesis of collagen by surviving bone fragments incubated in vitro has been examined at intervals ranging from 6 to 18 hr after injection. At all times studied the incorporation of radioactive proline label into both collagen proline and hydroxyproline was depressed. No selective depression of hydroxyproline formation in the final collagen was present. No accumulation of collagen precursors and no decrease in the specific activity of precursor hydroxyproline were demonstrable in crude cell fractions. The results are compatible with a feedback inhibition occurring at a late stage in the pathway of collagen biosynthesis. (Endocrinology 74: 180, 1964)
Reliability of blood pressure, heart rate, and Doppler-derived hemodynamic measurements during exercise.

Doppler echocardiography of aortic blood flow, heart rate, and blood pressure represent noninvasive methods for evaluatioin of the hemodynamic effects of pharmacologic agents or other stimuli during rest and exercise. In this study the reliability of continuous-wave Doppler echocardiography for detecting the effects of various intervention on left ventricular systolic functioin during exercise was assessed. The reliability of Doppler measurements was compared with that found for measurements of simultaneously obtained heart rate and blood pressure. Exercisse treadmill testing was performed at 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 hours in 18 healthy male subjects. All measurements were performed at rest and during the last half of each exercise stage. Reliability of peak modal velocity, peak aortic blood flow acceleration, heart rate, and blood pressure was measured by the inraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) at each stage. ICC reliability of greater than 0.75 is considered excellent, 0.4 to 0.75 fair to good, and less than 0.4 poor. The reliability of all Doppler-derived parameters, heart rate, and blood pressure improved with increasing stage of exercise. peak modal velocity, peak acceleration, heart rate, and manually obtained systolic blood pressure had ICCs of 0.75 or greater by stage 3. The reliability of Doppler-derived aortic blood flow parameters was good or excellent at rest and advanced stages of exercisse. Continuous-wave Doppler echocardiography is a reliable method for performing studies to assess the effects of interventions on cardiovascuular function during exercise.
Hyperspectral imaging technique for detection of poultry fecal residues on food processing equipments

Emerging concerns about safety and security in current mass production of food products necessitate rapid and reliable inspection for contaminant-free products. Diluted fecal residues on poultry processing plant equipment surface, not easily discernable from water by human eye, are contamination sources for poultry carcasses. Development of sensitive detection methods for fecal residues is essential to ensure safe production of poultry carcasses. Hyperspectral imaging techniques have shown good potential for detecting of the presence of fecal and other biological substances on food and processing equipment surfaces. In this study, use of high spatial resolution hyperspectral reflectance and fluorescence imaging (with UV-A excitation) is presented as a tool for selecting a few multispectral bands to detect diluted fecal and ingesta residues on materials used for manufacturing processing equipment. Reflectance and fluorescence imaging methods were compared for potential detection of a range of diluted fecal residues on the surfaces of processing plant equipment. Results showed that low concentrations of poultry feces and ingesta, diluted up to 1:100 by weight with double distilled water, could be detected using hyperspectral fluorescence images with an accuracy of 97.2%. Spectral bands determined in this study could be used for developing a real-time multispectral inspection device for detection of harmful organic residues on processing plant equipment.
Magnetic Topology of Impulsive and Gradual Solar Energetic Particle Events

We examine the magnetic topology at the Sun that leads to the two classes of impulsive and gradual solar energetic particle (SEP) events so as to address new observations that seem to blur this classification, for example, that coronal mass ejections (CMEs) can accompany events of both classes. In our model, the unusual element abundances in impulsive SEP events result from resonant stochastic acceleration in magnetic reconnection regions that incorporate open magnetic field lines, allowing both accelerated ions and ejected plasma to escape. In the large gradual events that produce classic CMEs, reconnection occurs on closed field lines beneath the CME where the accelerated particles are trapped so they plunge into the solar atmosphere to produce a flare; they cannot escape. The SEPs seen at 1 AU in these large gradual events are accelerated by the shock wave driven outward by the CME. The shock-accelerated particles are derived from the local plasma and from reaccelerated suprathermal ions from previous impulsive or gradual SEP events.
Understanding the Effects of Self and Teammate OCB Congruence and Incongruence

The purpose of this study is to draw on the social exchange framework to examine whether the similarity or difference between a focal employee’s OCB and his/her teammates’ overall OCB (termed as OCB congruence and incongruence) may be related to the employee’s attitudes and behaviors. Survey data were obtained from a sample of 188 employees embedded in 26 teams. We also obtained the performance ratings of these employees from their direct supervisor. We found that neither OCB congruence nor OCB incongruence was related to individuals’ trust in teammates and their performance. However, individuals’ affective commitment toward their team moderated the relationship between OCB congruence and incongruence and their trust in teammates and performance. This study demonstrates that in order to understand the relationship between a focal employee’s OCB levels and his/her performance, it is important to simultaneously take into account the OCB levels of the teammates of this employee and his/her affective commitment toward the team. OCB congruence and incongruence had no effects on employees’ performance and their trust in teammates if they were highly committed to their team. Our study is the first to use multi-level polynomial regression analysis to test the notion that teammate OCB may have implications for the relationship between an employee’s OCB and his/her performance and teammate trust.
Invisible Black Politics: An Analysis of Black Congressional Leadership from the Inside

For most of American history, black Americans were excluded from the political process. Even after the passage of the Fifteenth Amendment, for decades, especially in the South, blacks were prevented from voting through various institutional tactics (e.g., poll taxes and literacy tests), violence, and intimidation. As a result, most political institutions through the mid-twentieth century had few or no black faces. With the passage of the 1965 Voting Rights Act, the Fifteenth Amendment was codified, and blacks began to vote and participate in the political process in unprecedented ways.
Up in Smoke: The Human Ecology and Political Economy of Coal Consumption

Structural human ecology, ecological modernization theory, and international political economy perspectives are engaged to assess the extent to which coal consumption is influenced by various demographic factors, socioeconomic characteristics, and international relationships. Results of panel analyses for a sample of 66 countries from 1990 to 2005 indicate that both total population size and economic development increase levels of coal consumption. Additional findings suggest that export-oriented manufacturing increases coal consumption in developing nations but not in developed nations. The authors conclude by reflecting on the theoretical implications of the study and the policy relevance of the results for dealing with the human causes and consequences of climate change.
Persistent Genital Arousal Disorder (PGAD): Case Report of Long-Term Symptomatic Management with Electroconvulsive Therapy

Introduction. This is the second case report of a woman with bipolar disorder type I who noted the onset of persistent genital arousal disorder (PGAD) symptoms after abrupt cessation of paroxetine. With the worsening of PGAD symptoms, she developed severe depression and suicidal thoughts, resulting in her undergoing electro- convulsive therapy (ECT) as management. Aim. To describe a case of PGAD and develop hypotheses to explain the beneficial actions of ECT on PGAD based on 4 years of ECT administration. Methods. Patient self-report after obtaining consent, as well as literature review. Results. After the fourth ECT, the patient's PGAD symptoms abated serendipitously. She was placed on ECT on demand for the treatment of her PGAD. With each ECT treatment, PGAD symptoms immediately disappeared, relapsing slowly over time until the next ECT was administered. The patient has, thus far, received a total of 30 treatments of ECT. Side effects continue to be minimal and include brief short-term memory loss, headache, and muscle aches. Conclusion. ECT is known to induce cerebral excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitter changes after acute and chronic administration. Sexual arousal is stimulated by the action of hypothalamic and limbic dopamine, noradrena- line, melanocortin, and oxytocin, and inhibited by serotonin, cerebral opioids, and endocannabinoids. Based on the patient's bipolar disorder, the mechanism of action of ECT and the observation of ECT effectiveness on her PGAD, we hypothesize the following: (i) bipolar disorder led to central hyperactive dopamine release, an important component in the pathophysiology of her PGAD; (ii) central serotonin deficiency after selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) withdrawal resulted in a lack of inhibition of sexual excitement; (iii) ECT resulted in lowering of the hyperstimulated central dopamine release; and (iv) ECT led to an increase in sexual inhibition by stimulating serotonin activity. Further research in the central control of sexual arousal is needed. Korda JB, Pfaus JG, Kellner CH, and Goldstein I. Persistent Genital Arousal Disorder (PGAD): Case report of long-term symptomatic management with electroconvulsive therapy. J Sex Med 2009;6:2901-2909.
Mortality among triazine herbicide manufacturing workers.

Atrazine produces mammary gland cancer in one strain of rats and has been classified as an endocrine modulator. Epidemiologic studies have reported associations between agricultural use of atrazine and several forms of cancer. This study evaluated mortality patterns among workers at a plant that made atrazine and other triazine herbicides. The study covered the time period 1970-1997 and included 2213 people employed for at least 6 mo in operations related to the manufacture or formulation of atrazine and other triazine herbicides at a plant in Louisiana (LA). Vital status was determined for all but six subjects. Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) compared employees' mortality rates with those of the LA industrial corridor general population. Subjects had a total of 32,473 person-years of observation and a median of 15.8 yr since hire. There were 84 observed/118 expected deaths from all causes combined (SMR = 72, CI = 57-89) and 22/21 total cancer deaths (SMR = 106, CI...
Visual aspects of neurologic protein misfolding disorders.

Purpose of reviewThis article reviews topics of interest to the ophthalmologist relating to the most common neurologic protein misfolding disorders.Recent findingsMany neurodegenerative diseases are pathologically associated with misfolded proteins. These diseases cause a profound impact of disabili
Dependence of Tc on the number of CuO2 planes per cluster in interplaner-boson-exchange models of high-Tc superconductivity

Abstract The critical temperature Tc(n) of systems, such as the Tl and Bi compounds, containing n CuO2 planes per cluster is discussed theoretically within semi-phenomenological models which are based upon the exchange of (unspecified) high-energy bosons (ω ⪢ ωphonon) between different CuO2 Planes. Applied to representative data for the Tl compounds, the models predict rapid saturation of Tc(n) at relatively low n, with the possibility of a diminution beyond n = 3. Within the theoretical framework these qualitative features appear to be quite general for this class of materials.
Immune-related conditions and subsequent risk of brain cancer in a cohort of 4.5 million male US veterans.

Immune-related conditions and subsequent risk of brain cancer in a cohort of 4.5 million male US veterans
Got Sisp?: Strategic Information Systems Planning in U.S. State Governments

Data from the Government Performance Project Year 2000 survey of Information Technology in state governments were analyzed to determine the status of strategic information systems and technology planning (SISP) in states. Qualitative and quantitative analyses indicate that information technology planning in most states may be more a middle-up than a top-down process. In most states, information technology planning is carried out at the agency rather than the state level, giving planning an operational (nonstrategic) rather than a policy focus. A possible explanation for this operational planning bias is the traditional structural separation in government between strategic policy decision making and technical and operational concerns. There is some support for this explanation in that states receiving top grades for information technology have overcome the separation by forming and empowering independent committees to link state government-wide decision making with information technology concerns.
Expression of the neural form of nitric oxide synthase by CA1 hippocampal neurons and other central nervous system neurons.

Abstract Nitric oxide can act as a neurotransmitter and a retrograde modulator of synaptic transmission, but uncontrolled nitric oxide synthase activity has been associated with neural degeneration. Although earlier studies using immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, and NADPH-diaphorase staining had suggested that nitric oxide synthase is not expressed in the CA1 neurons of the hippocampus, we have recently demonstrated that NADPH-diaphorase activity can be detected in CA1 neurons of the hippocampus. To confirm that this diaphorase activity reflects nitric oxide synthase, we have developed a more sensitive in situ hybridization procedure, and an RNase protection assay to detect message for constitutive nitric oxide synthase, the form constitutively expressed in many neurons. Message for constitutive nitric oxide synthase is expressed in the hippocampus, and it is localized to neural cell layers CA1, CA3, the dentate gyrus and some displaced neurons, but not to CA2. Expression of constitutive nitric oxide synthase message in the CA1 region was lost when pyramidal neurons died due to transient forebrain ischemia, supporting the conclusion that CA1 pyramidal cells express constitutive nitric oxide synthase. Although constitutive nitric oxide synthase message is strongly expressed in CA3 and the dentate gyrus, there is little diaphorase activity in these cells, suggesting that there may be post-transcriptional controls that limit constitutive nitric oxide synthase expression in some cells. Message for constitutive nitric oxide synthase is also present in a number of other regions, including the amygdala, several hypothalamic nuclei, the cerebellum, the olfactory bulb, two distinct regions of the perirhinal cortex, the subthalamic nuclei, a neuronal layer in the retrosplenial granular cortex, the lateral geniculate nucleus, the presubiculum, the inferior colliculus, the superior colliculus, the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus, and scattered individual neurons in the cortex, hippocampus and brainstem. These studies support a role for nitric oxide in multiple regions of the central nervous system. In particular, nitric oxide synthase, the enzyme responsible for the synthesis of nitric oxide, is expressed in the CA1 region of the hippocampus, where there is evidence that nitric oxide may play a major role in long-term potentiation. CA1 hippocampal neurons are an example of a population of neurons that express constitutive nitric oxide synthase but are very sensitive to excitotoxicity and ischemic insults.
Pion Production in Proton-Proton Collisions.

The cut-off form of the Yukawa theory is applied to the reaction $p+p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}+d$. Using the Low-Wick formulation of field theory, an expression is obtained for the appropriate matrix element in terms of the wave functions of a physical deuteron and diproton. Approximations are made for these wave functions and the matrix element is evaluated. The resulting cross section agrees semiquantitatively with that part of the observed cross section due to pions emitted in a $p$-state.