cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The effects of hydrogen peroxide on brain and brain tumors

BACKGROUND Hydrogen peroxide (HP) is routinely used during neurosurgical procedures to augment hemostasis after intracranial tissue resection. Elsewhere in the body, HP is used to kill resection margin tumor cells; in vitro studies support these clinical uses. The effects of HP on brain and brain tumors have not been evaluated. In this study, the in vitro and in vivo effects of HP on both rat and human brain parenchyma and brain tumors were examined. METHODS Antitumor activity of varied concentrations of HP (0-30%) on cultured primary and metastatic brain tumors (n = 13) was compared with the effects of various concentrations of ethanol (0-50%). Studies were performed in rats to characterize HP-induced tissue changes that occurred when HP-soaked pledgets were placed on the arachnoid surface and along resection margins (n = 5). Additionally, the effect of HP on human brain along tumor resection cavities was investigated (n = 10). RESULTS While HP demonstrated concentration-dependent tumoricidal effects in vitro, similar to results achieved with ethanol, HP caused significant injury to arachnoid and stroma with neuronal and glial injury to a depth of 1 mm in rats. Three percent HP-soaked pledgets placed in resection cavities of excised brain tumors induced similar injury in human brain. CONCLUSION HP irreversibly damages mesothelial and neural tissue. Although HP appears to have tumoricidal effects in vitro, it should be used with caution in humans because of risks of collateral injury to surrounding normal brain. HP may prove most beneficial for discrete lesions, such as pituitary tumors and metastases.
Intraplate earthquakes, regional stress and fault mechanics in the Central and Eastern U.S. and Southeastern Canada

Abstract Utilizing 75 high quality individual earthquake focal plane mechanisms and 10 formal stress inversions we investigate the consistency of regional stress orientations in the central and eastern United States and southeastern Canada, the variation of relative stress magnitudes across the region and the compatibility of slip on optimally-oriented nodal planes with frictional faulting theory. To map faulting styles and relative stress magnitudes across the region of study, we utilize the high quality focal plane mechanisms to calculate the AΦ parameter (following Angelier, 1979; Simpson, 1997) that ranges from 0 (uniform horizontal extension with SV > > SHmax = Shmin) to 1.5 (strike–slip faulting with SHmax > SV > Shmin) to 3 (uniform horizontal compression with SHmax = Shmin > SV). We find that horizontal stresses become increasingly more compressive with respect to the vertical stress from the south-central United States (characterized predominantly by strike–slip focal mechanisms) toward the northeastern U.S. and southeastern Canada (predominantly thrust mechanisms). In a manner similar to the study by M.L. Zoback (1992a), which used a much smaller data set, we utilize the Mohr–Coulomb criterion to calculate the difference in orientation between the theoretically-optimal orientation of a fault plane (for various coefficients of friction, μ) and the focal mechanism nodal planes assuming that pore pressure in the brittle crust is hydrostatic. For the 75 focal plane mechanisms utilized in our study, the preferred (better fitting) nodal planes deviate on average only 7° in strike and dip from the theoretically-optimal planes for μ = 0.6. As such minor differences could represent small variations in the stress field (or uncertainties in the focal plane mechanisms), we conclude that nearly all earthquakes in the study region slip in a manner compatible with shear failure on pre-existing faults in the local stress field.
Whey Wine from Concentrates of Reconstituted Acid Whey Powder

Abstract A process for making table whey wine is based on fermenting with lactose-fermenting yeast, high-lactose (18 to 25%) whey concentrates, or permeates from reconstituted cottage cheese acid-whey powder. Deproteinization of the whey concentrates which gave a clear fermentation substrate that was rich in lactose was attained through ultrafiltration at about 40 C. Salts were reduced by electrodialysis to levels permitting optimum fermentation of sugar to alcohol. Active fermentation occurred at 25 to 30 C during 5 to 7 days. The table whey wine had 10% (vol/ vol), or more, alcohol that was derived wholly from lactose. After the finishing step, the fresh wine was clear, pale yellow, and had a pleasing tart taste and bouquet free from whey flavor. Its body was full.
Relation of red blood cell glutathione peroxidase to neonatal jaundice

One hundred and ninety-four newborn infants free of blood group incompatibilities, red blood cell glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, and obvious sepsis were studied for a relatoinship between erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase activity and bilirubin level. Infants classified as glutathione peroxidase “deficient” did not become more jaundiced as a group than those infants classified as “sufficient.” When infants with the highest bilirubin levels were contrasted with those with the lowest bilirubin values, however, it was found that the mean red blood cell glutathione peroxidase activity was lower in the jaundiced neonates. In this study a spectrophotometric technique for glutathione peroxidase assay was utilized which proved simple and rapid. This technique also demonstrated that infants have significantly lower values of red blood cell glutathione peroxidase activity than normal adults; adults had less enzyme activity than subjects with reticulocytosis.
Synchronous pressure assist-counterpulsation

Abstract Experimental evidence indicates that counterpulsation should be an effective approach to the treatment of cardiogenic shock. Left ventricular work is reduced, diastolic pressure is increased and coronary flow is augmented. There is also evidence that the increased diastolic pressure may accelerate and magnify the development of collateral circulation in the myocardium thus providing an extended benefit to the heart. External pressure assist provides the effects of counterpulsation in a manner which is atraumatic and well adapted to the clinical environment. This modality also provides control over blood volume distribution and venous return which should increase the versatility of the procedure.
Synthesis and electrochromic properties ofmesoporous tungsten oxide

The electrochromic properties of mesoporous tungsten oxide are described and compared to standard sol–gel films of WO3. The block copolymer template used in the synthesis was removed by solvent extraction and calcination methods, leading to mesoporous tungsten oxides which range from amorphous to crystalline depending on the removal treatment. The pores are not ordered but do exhibit a fairly regular diameter with an average size of 4 to 5 nm. The mesoporous tungsten oxides exhibit a well behaved electrochromic response and their electrochemical and optical reversibilities are better than those of the analogous sol–gel film. In addition, the mesoporous films exhibit higher rates for coloration and bleaching. The high surface area of these materials is responsible for this behavior and also leads to multiple peaks in the voltammetric scans.
Follow-up of coil occlusion of patent ductus arteriosus

Abstract Objective. We sought to determine the prevalence and fate of residual ductal shunting following coil occlusion of patent ductus arteriosus. Background. Although transcatheter coil occlusion of patent ductus arteriosus has gained popularity, few follow-up data have been reported. Methods. A review of 75 patients who underwent coil occlusion was performed. Residual shunting was investigated by Doppler echocardiography in follow-up. Angiograms were reviewed to obtain minimal ductal diameter and ductal angiographic type. Results. Residual shunts were found in 31 patients (41%) on the day of the procedure, and of these, spontaneous closure was noted in 17 (55%) at 2 weeks to 20 months of follow-up. Of the 75 patients studied, 5 (7%) required a second coil procedure, and 10 (13%) remained with persistent residual shunts at most recent follow-up. Actuarial analysis estimated a 6 ± 5% prevalence of residual shunts 20 months after a single coil procedure and 3 ± 3% after all coil procedures. Minimal ductal diameter was associated with immediate complete ductal occlusion by a single coil. These patients had significantly smaller (p = 0.003) minimal ductal diameters (1.2 ± 0.7 mm) than those who required two coils during their initial procedure to achieve immediate occlusion (1.9 ± 0.7 mm), those who required a second coil procedure (2.0 ± 0.9 mm), those who had spontaneous closure of residual shunts (1.9 ± 0.7 mm) and those with persistent residual shunts (2.0 ± 0.9 mm). No association was identified between ductal angiographic type and outcome of coil occlusion. No late adverse clinical events of coil occlusion or evidence of recanalization was found. Conclusions. Small residual shunts are common after coil embolization of patent ductus arteriosus, but most close spontaneously. Actuarial analysis estimates complete closure in 94% at 20 months, and reintervention was required in only 7% of patients.
A class of closeness criteria

A generalized class of closeness criteria for the pairwise comparison of esti¬mators is defined. This class contains an infinite number of members including Pitman's measure of closeness and at least one transitive criterion. Several specific members of the class are examined, and their relationships to Rao concentration and stochastic domination are shown. Graphical and analyti¬cal characterizations are shown for these members of the class. Examples are given which illustrate the behavior of some of these criteria.
The role of the crystalline lens epithelium in postpseudophakos membrane formation.

Summary Pupillary membranes were experimentally produced in rabbits and correlated with biopsy specimens from human eyes which had undergone extra capsular cataract extraction. These fibrous membranes were derived from proliferation of lens epithelial cells. Wider anterior capsulectomies or barrier devices attached to intraocular lenses may reduce opacification of intact posterior capsules.
Acutely elevated vasopressin increases circulating concentrations of cortisol and aldosterone in fasting northern elephant seal (Mirounga angustirostris) pups

The physiological actions of vasopressin (VP) in marine mammals are not well defined. To help elucidate its hormonal and renal effects in this group of mammals, northern elephant seal (Mirounga angustirostris) pups (N=7; 99+/-4 kg) were first infused with 0.9% saline (control; 220 ml), followed 24 h later with VP (as a 20 ng kg(-1) bolus, then 2 ng kg(-1) min(-1) for approximately 35 min in 225+/-16 ml saline). During both control and VP periods, blood samples were collected prior to infusion, and 15, 30, 60, 120 min and 24 h after infusion to examine the hormonal responses of the pups to VP. Renal responses were quantified from 24 h urine samples obtained prior to infusion (control) and 24 h post-infusion. Compared to the control period, infusion of VP increased plasma concentrations of cortisol over a 120 min period and aldosterone over 30 min, while plasma renin activity (PRA) was decreased for a 120 min period. The plasma urea:creatinine ratio was elevated following infusion of VP. Urine output and osmotic clearance were increased by 69+/-18% (mean +/- S.E.M.) and 36+/-10%, respectively, but free water clearance and glomerular filtration rate were not significantly altered 24 h post-infusion of VP. Solute (osmolality, Na(+), K(+) and Cl(-)) excretion and fractional excretion of electrolytes were also increased when compared to control values. The increase in cortisol concentration suggests that VP may possess corticotropin releasing hormone-like activity in elephant seals. If osmotic diuresis and natriuresis are typical consequences of elevated [VP] in fasting pups, then not increasing VP normally during the fast may serve as a protective mechanism to avoid the potential loss of Na(+) induced by elevated [VP]. Therefore, under natural fasting conditions, pups may be highly sensitive to small changes in [VP], resulting in the maintenance of water and electrolyte balance.
Second order incomplete expiring Cauchy problems

We extend results of Balakrishnan and Dorroh, on 2nd-order incomplete Cauchy problems, from differentiable to stronglycontinuous semigroups of operators. We show that the Cauchy problem $$\begin{gathered} u''(t) = A(u(t)), t \geqslant 0, u(0) = x, \hfill \\ \mathop {lim}\limits_{t \to \infty } \left\| {u^{(k)} (t)} \right\| = 0, k = 0, 1, 2, \hfill \\ \end{gathered} $$ (*) where A is a linear operator with nonempty resolvent on a Banach space, is well-posed if and only if A has a squares root that generates a Co semigroup, {T(t)} t>0, that converges to zero, as t goes to infinity, in the strong operator topology.
Health Care Needs of Persons with HIV/AIDS in Various Settings

This study describes the psychosocial and physiological health care needs of persons with HIV/AIDS in hospital, outpatient, home care, and long-term care settings. A cross-sectional descriptive design with 386 patients selected from the four settings was used to test between-setting differences on Healthcare Needs Scales. Univariate analyses of variance of scale and subscale scores and Kruskal-Wallis analyses of variance by ranks on item scores were computed. There was neither a relationship between psychosocial and physiological health care needs nor a distinctive pattern of needs across settings by HIV classification. The patients' needs varied between settings on health behaviors/social support, health management, and elimination/physical/sensory functions but were quite similar in psychosocial/financial support and neurological/digestive functions. These results question assumptions about the relationships among stage of HIV infection, level and type of health care need, and type of setting and suggest that health system resources and nursing care focus on both the psychosocial and physiological needs of persons with HIV/AIDS using individualized protocols.
Total Synthesis of (+)-Frondosin A. Application of the Ru-Catalyzed [5+2] Cycloaddition

The first total synthesis of (+)-frondosin A was accomplished in 19 longest linear and 21 total steps from commercially available materials. The key features of the synthesis include a Ru-catalyzed [5+2] cycloaddition, a Claisen rearrangement, and a ring expansion to construct the core of the frondosin A in a diastereoselective and regioselective fashion. This is the first application of a Ru-catalyzed [5+2] cycloaddition in the total synthesis of a natural product. Through this synthesis, the absolute configuration of (+)-frondosin A was established.
Effect of hyperon channels in low-energyK − d scattering

Within the framework of a Faddeev formalism and an implicit hyperon channel approximation, we have calculatedK−d elastic, total, and reaction cross sections for incident kaon laboratory momenta up to 120 Mev/c. We have used as input two different (slightly modified) multichannelM matrix fits to low-energy¯KN scattering, each of which contains explicitly theπ Y channels, as well as a single channel representation of the¯KN interaction in which the hyperon channels appear only through their contributions to the imaginary parts of the¯KN scattering lengths. TheK−d cross sections obtained with the single channel¯KN input differ by only some 10% from those for which we used the multichannel¯KN input. TheK−d cross sections calculated using¯KN input parameters from each of the two separateM matrix fits differ across the entire momentum range investigated by 25–35%.
The Spread of Pandemic H1N1 2009 by Age and Region and the Comparison among Monitoring Tools

This report describes the pattern of the spread of the pandemic H1N1 2009 and compares 3 monitoring tools until the 57th week or January 31, 2010. The 1st week was from December 28th, 2008 to January 3rd, 2009. A total of 740,835 patients were reported to be infected with pandemic H1N1 2009 and 225 patients were reported to have died of pandemic H1N1 2009. The number of patients aged from 7 to 12 was the largest (183,363 patients in total) but the virus spread and then was suppressed most quickly among the children between 13 and 18. The region-determinant incidence of patients showed diverse patterns according to regions. The peak of the ILI per thousand was at the 45th week, the number of antiviral prescriptions reached its peak at the 44th week, and the peak based on reported patients was the 46th week. As of February 3 2010, the outbreak passed through the peak and has gradually subsided. Now it is time for the government and the academic world to review this outbreak, efficacy of vaccination, and further preparation and response for the next pandemic.
Heritability of individual fitness in female macaques

Heritability of fitness is an important parameter for evolutionary studies, but it is controversial and difficult to estimate this quantitative genetic statistic. I compare two single-generation proxies of individual fitness estimated from demographic information (lifetime reproductive success, LRS; and individual finite rate of increase, individual λ) and lifespan for the female members of a free-ranging population of rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). All three variables have moderate heritabilities (λ = 0.36, LRS = 0.38, lifespan = 0.43) that are consistently depressed when non-reproductive individuals are censored from the analysis. This reduction suggests a large portion of the genetic variation in the fitness proxies is due to survival to reproductive age and commencement of reproduction in this population. This may be related to relatively benign, homogeneous environmental conditions. Any time gaps in modeling an animal’s life cycle can introduce similar inaccuracies in heritability of fitness proxies, although the direction of error is likely to vary with environmental conditions. Genetic correlations between the three variables were all indistinguishable from +1 implying no independent genetic variation. The similarity of heritability estimates for λ and LRS and strong genetic correlations are attributed to the dominance of adult lifespan in determining fitness for female macaques which are slow-reproducing by mammalian standards. While the heritabilities of both proxies were similar in this study, they should both be estimated when possible because they may provide different information, particularly in taxa with larger broods.
Association of driver air bags with driver fatality: a matched cohort study.

Abstract Objective: To estimate the association of driver air bag presence with driver fatality in road traffic crashes. Design: Matched pair cohort study. Setting: All passenger vehicle crashes in the United States during 1990-2000 inclusive. Subjects: 51 031 driver-passenger pairs in the same vehicle. Main outcome measures: Relative risk of death within 30 days of a crash. Results: Drivers with an air bag were less likely to die than drivers without an air bag (adjusted relative risk 0.92 (95% confidence interval 0.88 to 0.96)). This estimate was nearly the same whether drivers wore a seat belt (adjusted relative risk 0.93) or not (0.91). Air bags were associated with more protection for women (0.88 (0.82 to 0.93)), than for men (0.94 (0.90 to 0.99)). Drivers wearing a seat belt were less likely to die than unbelted drivers (0.35 (0.33 to 0.36)). Belted drivers with an air bag were less likely to die than unbelted drivers without an air bag (0.32 (0.30 to 0.34)). Conclusions: If the associations are causal the average risk of driver death was reduced 8% (95% confidence interval 4% to 12%) by an air bag. Benefit was similar for belted and unbelted drivers and was slightly greater for women. However, seat belts offered much more protection than air bags. What is already known on this topic Studies have estimated that driver air bags reduce the risk of death in a road vehicle crash by 10-14% These studies disagree as to whether benefit is greater for drivers wearing a seat belt or for unbelted drivers What this study adds Having an air bag was associated with an 8% reduction in the risk of death, whether the driver was belted or not The reduction in risk was greater for women (12%) than for men (6%) Seat belts provided much greater protection, with seat belt use reducing the risk of death by 65% (or by 68% in combination with an air bag)
IEEE-HKN: The Electrical and Computer Engineering Honor Society

IEEE now has a student honor society. The long standing HKN or Eta Kappa Nu Association (more about the name later) has moved under the umbrella of IEEE as IEEE-HKN. IEEE and HKN developed independently over the last century, although they have shared many common members and concerns. With HKN as an organizational unit within IEEE, even closer cooperation is expected between the organizations, and HKN will enhance student opportunities within IEEE. This article provides an overview of HKN development and points to ways IEEE student activities may benefit.
Juxtaposition of the genes encoding Mycoplasma pneumoniae cytadherence-accessory proteins HMW1 and HMW3.

Abstract The loss and reacquisition of high-Mr (HMW) proteins, HMW1, 2, 3,4 and 5, by Mycoplasma pneumoniae correlates with cytadherence phase variation. We are cloning and characterizing the genes encoding HMW 1–5 to understand the mechanism regulating their coordinate expression. HMW1 was purified by polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. Amino acid (aa) sequence data were obtained from enzymatically generated peptide fragments from HMW1. A degenerate 17-mer probe synthesized based upon the aa sequence of one peptide clearly identified a single 4.75-kb BamHI fragment of M. pneumoniae DNA under stringent hybridization conditions. This fragment was cloned into pUC19 to generate pKV16. Restriction mapping of the 4.75-kb BamHI fragment in pKV16 revealed a possible overlap with the 9.4-kb EcoRI fragment containing the gene encoding protein HMW3. Southern blotting and reciprocal hybridization studies confirmed this overlap, establishing the juxtaposition of the genes encoding HMW1 and HMW3. Finally, physical mapping analysis by probing restriction fragments of M. pneumoniae DNA resolved by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis with the cloned genes encoding HMW1 and HMW3 revealed definitively that the hmw locus maps to a 106.8-kb ApaI fragment, rather than a 117.5-kb ApaI fragment, as had been reported previously for hmw3 [Krause and Mawn J. Bacteriol. 172 (1990) 4790–4797].
Screening for Behavioral and Emotional Risk Versus Traditional School Identification Methods

Systematic screening is one strategy to enhance the early identification of behavioral and emotional problems among youth. Although conceptually sound, it is unclear if screening is more or less effective than current school identification practices in identifying youth with behavioral and emotional concerns. This study compares screening for behavioral and emotional risk with current identification practices in schools to determine differences among referral methods, across a sample of elementary aged students (N = 867). Results indicated that of the 160 students identified as at-risk by the screening measure, only 61 were previously identified through current school identification methods, highlighting the potential benefit of screening to enhance early identification. Results demonstrated internalizing and externalizing behaviors were significantly correlated with at-risk status by identification method. Furthermore, students identified as demonstrating behavioral and emotional concerns by both the screener and receiving school-based services had significantly lower academic achievement. Implications and future research needs are discussed.
Lactic acid production by pellet-form Rhizopus oryzae in a submerged system

Rhizopus oryzae NRRL 395 produces optically pureL(+)-lactic acid that is highly preferred for the production of environmentally benign polymers. With xylose as the carbon source for cultivation, it can be self-immobilized as pellets with a size of about 1mm. Repeated usage of the same pellets by transferring them into fresh media every time when the glucose was exhausted over a period of 22 d yielded 1742 or 2001 g/L lactic acid total (based on 100-mL working volume) depending on the media used. Lactic acid is known to be a strong inhibitor for both growth and production, and it can be removed continuously by the adsorption on the PVP resin. With the fermenter-adsorber system, the fermentation can be performed as effectively as the ones with added neutralizing agents, such as calcium carbonate and sodium hydroxide. One problem of the fermenter-adsorber system is that lower production was obtained than in shake flasks; hence, proper reactor design is necessary to improve the process.
Effect of network structure from different processing conditions on the mechanical property of semi-crystalline polymers

Semi-crystalline structures were prepared from different processing condition. Biaxial oriented melt were crystallized at 375 K and atmospheric pressure for 10 nanoseconds (ns), to generate a lamellar semi-crystalline structure. Similar structures were also prepared from deformation of a cubic amorphous initial structure isothermally at 375 K. For comparison, two different thermostats, the constant stress (NPT) and constant volume (NVT) conditions were applied to the system during 10 ns of crystallization. The semi-crystalline samples shared common morphological features such as in the crystallinity, crystal orientation, lamellae thickness and density distribution, etc. However, during the subsequent uniaxial tensile deformation test of the samples to strain of 0.5, different stress-strain behaviors were demonstrated. By combining the observations of morphologies during deformation tests and analysis of the stress-strain curves, conclusions were made that the effectiveness of the network had a strong influence on the mechanical property and strain hardening behavior. The oriented network from the constant stress crystallization, owing to the taut chains, gave rise to optimal mechanical response with substantial strain-hardening.
MULTI-WIRE PROPORTIONAL CHAMBERS WITH UNIFORM GAIN

Abstract A method is described for constructing and operating multi-wire proportional chambers having systematic gain variations of less than ±2% rms over their entire active area.
Effect of age and enrichment on certain brain dimensions in Brattleboro rats deficient in vasopressin.

Abstract As a sequel to our first report in the series of studies on the brains of Brattleboro rats, measurements in caudal diencephalon, subcortical telencephalon, hippocampus, and pyriform cortex were made in three groups each of male heterozygous and homozygous Brattleboro rats. One group raised in standard conditions was killed at 60 days of age, another raised in standard conditions was killed at 90 days of age, and a third group raised in standard conditions for 60 days was killed at 90 days of age after 30 days of enrichment. Comparing 60- and 90-day-old standard condition animals, the heterozygous rats showed a significant increase in height of the caudal diencephalon. Comparing 90-day-old enriched animals with the 90-day-old standard group, significant increases occurred in 8 of 12 comparisons. In comparing the two types of Brattleboro rats, heterozygous rats had significantly greater brain dimensions than homozygous rats in width of the diencephalon in the 60-day-old standard group, and in witth of the telencephalon in both the 90-day-old standard and enriched groups. Differences in brain measures between heterozygous and homozygous Brattleboro rats tended to increase with age. Enrichment appeared to prevent this age-related increase in the difference between brain dimensions in the two types of Brattleboro rat. The same pattern was reflected in body weight differences, and it may be due to a greater anabolic response to enrichment in homozygous rats than in heterozygous rats. We suggest that brain abnormalities associated with congenital absence of vasopressin increase with age, and may be ameliorated by repetitive arousal as occurs in enrichment.
Predictors of high-risk behavior in unmarried American women: Adolescent environment as risk factor

Abstract Background: Heterosexual intercourse with two or more partners in a short time period represents a highrisk behavior for acquisition and transmission of sexually transmitted pathogens (STDs). Identification of factors that may predict high-risk sexual behavior can help to focus primary prevention strategies on women at risk for future acquisition of infection. Methods: We analyzed survey data obtained in 1988 from a nationally representative sample of 8,450 American women of reproductive age in order to identify such factors. Results: Of all sexually experienced unmarried women, 6.6% reported having had two or more sexual partners in the preceding three months. Earlier age at first sexual intercourse was associated with multiple recent partners, and with lower reports of abstinence. Birth region in the West, lack of attendance at religious services as an adolescent, and having a mother who had her first child before she was 25 years of age were factors associated with multiple recent partners. Among unmarried white women having a mother who worked full time and not living with both parents during adolescence were associated with multiple recent partners; among unmarried black women, the inverse was true ( p for racial difference Conclusions: Early environment and race influence later sexual behavior. These factors should be considered in targeting and planning education for STD prevention.
Vanadate inhibition of phytochrome effects on leaflet movement in Albizzia julibrissin

Abstract A previous report revealed that the transport inhibitor sodium vanadate interferes with the rhythmic closure of Albizzia julibrissin leaflets during an extended dark period. Vanadate (0.5–1.0 mM) also prevents phytochrome conversion from affecting the movements, acting selectively on leaflets whose phytochrome is in the P fr form. Leaflet closure following transfer from white light to darkness is inhibited to a similar extent by vanadate or by brief far-red pre-irradiation, while leaflet opening during an extended dark period is promoted by vanadate or by brief far-red irradiation, although the kinetics of movement under the latter two conditions differ from each other. Sodium monophosphate, by contrast, promotes the closure of leaflets transferred directly from white light to darkness, but it does not affect the closure of far-red pre-irradiated leaflets, or the rhythmic opening of either far-red irradiated or non-irradiated leaflets. It is not known whether vanadate inhibits a primary action of P fr or a later reaction in the chain of events that link leaflet movement to phytochrome conversion.
Hemispheric differences of color responses in human ventral visual cortex

INTRODUCTION. Human ventral occipito-temporal cortex (VOT) has been shown to contain several visual field maps involved in the color and shape processing pathways (Brewer et al., 2005; Arcaro and Kastner, 2007). Patient lesion studies indicate that there may be hemispheric differences in the pathways subserving color vision and word form recognition. Here we compare the organization of the color responses between hemispheres in human ventral visual cortex.
Development of No Flow Underfills for Lead-Free Flip Chip Applications

Flip chip packaging is one of the fastest growing segments in electronics packaging technology. The semiconductor packaging industry is continuing to migrate towards Pb-free electronics assembly. Therefore, the development of compatible materials for Pb-free flip chip packaging is critical to this transition [1]. Flip chip devices are commonly underfilled to compensate for the mismatch in the Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (CTE) between the die and the chip carrier. The No Flow Underfill (NFU) process is a type that can increase the throughput of the flip chip assembly process and reduce manufacturing costs. Significant research has been performed to develop NFUs for eutectic applications. However, further research is required for the development of NFUs that are compatible with the Pb-free solders and the high temperature reflow process associated with these solders. In this paper, the challenges associated with the development of 'filled' underfill formulations for assembly with the 95.5Sn/3.8Ag/0.7Cu bumped flip chip devices are discussed. The effects of process variables that affect voiding in the underfill layer have been presented. The impact on voiding due to stencil printing of the underfill has been discussed. The impact on assembly reliability due to the underfill material properties has also been reported.Copyright © 2006 by General Motors Corporation
Adolescent recall of childhood fears and coping strategies.

Ninth grade students (N = 2728) wrote essay responses to the questions: “Most of us, as children, were afraid of something—the dark, dogs, being alone. What caused you the greatest fright when you were young? Show, by example, how you reacted to fear. What has helped you to overcome or conquer fear?” Reported fears and coping strategies were recorded by subjects' sex and fears were categorized as singular, primary, or secondary. Fear and coping strategy categories were recorded once only for any subject. Fear of the dark was most frequently mentioned, with People, Spooks, Being Alone, and Animals being other frequently mentioned fears. Sex differences were found for singular or primary fears, with boys significantly more fearful of Animals and Heights and girls significantly more afraid of Being Alone, Death/Injury, Insects, and Fathers. About half of all subjects reported coping strategies, with nearly 55% reporting the strategy of Reason/Age. Boys reported significantly more In vivo Densensitization/Flo...
Abstract 1075: Bone morphogenetic protein type I receptor antagonists decrease growth and induce cell death of lung cancer cell lines

Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are growth-promoting morphogens during embryonic development. BMP-2 is aberrantly expressed in 98% of non-small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLC) independent of cell type. The role the BMP signaling cascade in cancer and its effects on cell growth and survival is poorly understood. We show that in unstimulated lung cancer cell lines, that BMP signaling is basally active. Lung cancer cell lines express the BMP type I receptors alk2, alk3, and alk6. Inhibition of a single BMP type I receptor was not sufficient to decrease signaling. Inhibition of all BMP type I receptors with siRNA effectively decreased BMP signaling. BMP type I receptor antagonists, Dorsomorphin, DMH1, DMH2, and LDN decreased BMP signaling in lung cancer cell lines. BMP receptor antagonists and silencing of all BMP type I receptors with siRNA induced cell death, inhibited cell growth, and caused a significant decrease in the expression of inhibitor of differentiation (Id1, Id2, and Id3) family members, which are known to regulate cell growth and survival in many types of cancers. BMP receptor antagonists also decreased clonogenic cell growth of lung cancer cell lines. The selective antagonist, DMH2 caused the greatest reduction in the activity of the BMP type I receptors and also caused the greatest reduction in cell growth. These studies show that basally active BMP signaling in lung cancer cells regulates the expression of Id family members and promotes cell growth and survival. BMP type I receptors antagonists represents a potential means to pharmacologically treat carcinomas with an activated BMP signaling cascade. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1075. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1075
Equivariant algorithms for selective transmission

We consider the problem of selective transmission-the dual of the blind source separation task-in which a set of independent source signals are adaptively premixed prior to a non-dispersive physical mixing process so that each source can be independently monitored in the far field. We derive a stochastic gradient algorithm for iteratively-estimating the premixing matrix in the selective transmission problem, and through a simple modification, we obtain a second algorithm whose performance is equivariant with respect to the channel's mixing characteristics. We also describe an approximate version of the equivariant algorithm and other implementation issues. Simulations indicate the useful behavior of the premixing algorithms for selective transmission.
Polynomial GCD and Factorization via Approximate Gröbner Bases

We discuss computation of approximate Grobner bases at finite precision. We show how this can be used to deduce exact results for polynomial greatest common divisors and factorization. In particular we indicate an algorithm for factoring multivariate polynomials over the closure algebraic of the rationals.
Dissent in numbers: making strong anonymity scale

Current anonymous communication systems make a trade-off between weak anonymity among many nodes, via onion routing, and strong anonymity among few nodes, via DC-nets. We develop novel techniques in Dissent, a practical group anonymity system, to increase by over two orders of magnitude the scalability of strong, traffic analysis resistant approaches. Dissent derives its scalability from a client/server architecture, in which many unreliable clients depend on a smaller and more robust, but administratively decentralized, set of servers. Clients trust only that at least one server in the set is honest, but need not know or choose which server to trust. Unlike the quadratic costs of prior peer-to-peer DC-nets schemes, Dissent's client/server design makes communication and processing costs linear in the number of clients, and hence in anonymity set size. Further, Dissent's servers can unilaterally ensure progress, even if clients respond slowly or disconnect at arbitrary times, ensuring robustness against client churn, tail latencies, and DoS attacks. On DeterLab, Dissent scales to 5,000 online participants with latencies as low as 600 milliseconds for 600-client groups. An anonymous Web browsing application also shows that Dissent's performance suffices for interactive communication within smaller local-area groups.
Scientific data stewardship of international satellite cloud climatology project B1 global geostationary observations

The International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) B1 data was recently rescued by NOAA's National Climatic Data Center (NCDC). ISCCP B1 data are geostationary imagery from satellites worldwide which are subsampled to 10 km and 3 hourly resolution. These data were unusable given the disarray of format documentation and lack of software for reading the data files. After developing access software, assessing data quality, and removing infrared window calibration biases, the data have been used for research in studying tropical cyclones and is available for other topics, such as rainfall and cloud cover. This resulted not only in valuable scientific data for weather and climate research but also in important lessons learned for future archiving of scientific data records. The effort also exemplifies principles of scientific data stewardship.
On improving channel routability

The interaction between placement and routing in circuit layout has received considerable attention in the literature. We present a survey of algorithms for improving the routability of a channel by laterally shifting the modules on shores.
Interaction of helicons with longitudinal plasma waves in solids

Abstract A study is made of the interaction of helicons propagating at an angle with respect to an applied magnetic field with longitudinal plasma oscillations. It is shown that the interaction between these two forms of collective motion is large when the cyclotron frequency of the carriers exceeds the plasma frequency. This limits the possibility of observing this phenomenon to semiconductors.
Vasospasm after cranial base tumor resection: pathogenesis, diagnosis, and therapy

Abstract OBJECTIVE Cerebral vasospasm is well known to occur after various cerebral neurosurgical events that cause subarachnoid hemorrhage. However, cerebral vasospasm can occur after cranial base tumor resection. We present a series of nine patients with angiographically evident vasospasm that was clinically symptomatic in eight of them. METHODS A total of 470 consecutive patients with cranial base tumors were operated in our institution between April 1993 and December 1996. Nine had evidence of cerebral vasospasm postoperatively (1.9% of the total population), of whom eight were asymptomatic. There were seven males and two females with an age range of 33 to 65 years (average 48.5 years). There were seven meningiomas, one chordoma, and one trigeminal schwannoma. RESULTS Vasospasm manifested clinically 1 to 30 days postoperatively in eight patients. Most patients were symptomatic within 7 days. In the ninth case, surgery was delayed when asymptomatic vasospasm was noted on an angiogram before second stage surgery. Symptoms included altered mental status in four patients, hemiparesis in three patients (one patient had both hemiparesis and altered mental status), and monoparesis in two patients. Factors that were found to correlate with a higher incidence of vasospasm were tumor size, total operative time, vessel encasement, vessel narrowing, and preoperative embolization. All eight patients with symptomatic vasospasm were treated with hypertensive, hypervolemic, hemodilutional (HHH) therapy. Five patients also underwent intraluminal angioplasty, in conjunction with papaverine in one case. One patient received intra-arterial papaverine alone. Angiographic results were good in all patients. Significant clinical improvement was seen in six of the eight symptomatic cases. CONCLUSION Delayed neurological deterioration in a patient who has undergone cranial base tumor surgery not explained by an intracranial mass lesion should be promptly investigated with angiography. If vasospasm is diagnosed, it should be treated aggressively with hypertensive, hypervolemic, hemodilutional therapy and early angioplasty.
Promising therapies in multiple myeloma

Progress in medical research has enhanced our understanding of tumor biology, delineated genetic and molecular mechanisms of tumor growth and survival, and defined the impact of the microenvironment in cancer pathogenesis. As a consequence of these advances, cancers deemed rapidly fatal only a few
Amenities Drive Urban Growth

Studies of the city traditionally posit a division between a city’s economy and its culture, with culture subordinate in explanatory power to work. However, post–industrial and globalizing trends are dramatically elevating the importance of culture. Cultural activities are increasingly crucial to urban economic vitality. Models to explain the growth of cities from the era of industrial manufacturing are outmoded. Citizens in the postindustrial city increasingly make quality of life demands, treating their own urban location as if tourists, emphasizing aesthetic concerns. These practices impact considerations about the proper nature of amenities that post–industrial cities can sustain.
X-GTRBAC admin: a decentralized administration model for enterprise wide access control

Access control in enterprises is a key research area in the realm of Computer Security because of the unique needs of the target enterprise. As the enterprise typically has large user and resource pools, administering the access control based on any framework could in itself be a daunting task. This work presents X-GTRBAC Admin, an administration model that aims at enabling policy administration within a large enterprise. In particular, it simplifies the process of user-to-role and permission-to-role assignments, and thus allows decentralization of the policy administration tasks. Secondly, it also allows for specifying the domain of authority of the system administrators, and hence provides mechanism to distribute the administrative authority over multiple domains within the enterprise. The paper also illustrates the applicability of the administrative concepts presented in our framework for enterprise-wide access control.
The bone–fat interface: basic and clinical implications of marrow adiposity

Obesity and osteoporosis are two of the most common chronic disorders of the 21st century. Both are accompanied by significant morbidity. The only place in the mammalian organism where bone and fat lie adjacent to each other is in the bone marrow. Marrow adipose tissue is a dynamic depot that probably exists as both constitutive and regulated compartments. Adipocytes secrete cytokines and adipokines that either stimulate or inhibit adjacent osteoblasts. The relationship of marrow adipose tissue to other fat depots is complex and might play very distinct parts in modulation of metabolic homoeostasis, haemopoiesis, and osteogenesis. Understanding of the relationship between bone and fat cells that arise from the same progenitor within the bone marrow niche provides insight into the pathophysiology of age-related osteoporosis, diabetes, and obesity.
Large Coil Task instrumentation and diagnostics-a review

The goal of the Large Coil Task (LCT) was to develop large toroidal superconducting magnets for fusion reactors. Each of the six coils built for this task was heavily instrumented with some 200 to 400 sensors and diagnostic voltage taps to test its performance and characteristics. In addition, more than a thousand sensors were installed in the facility and test-stand components to ensure safe and controlled operation. A review is presented of the various types of thermometers, pressure transducers, flowmeters, strain gages, displacement transducers, acoustic emission sensors, field probes, and other diagnostic instrumentation used in the LCT. The usefulness of the sensors, the difficulties with some of them, and the reliability of different groups of sensors in this task are described. >
Critique of structural analysis in modeling cognition: A case study of Jackendoff's theory

Abstract Modeling cognition by structural analysis of representation leads to systematic difficulties which are not resolvable. We analyse the merits and limits of a representation‐based methodology to modeling cognition by treating Jackendoff's Consciousness and the Computational Mind as a good case study. We note the effects this choice of methodology has on the view of consciousness he proposes, as well as a more detailed consideration of the computational mind. The fundamental difficulty we identify is the conflict between the desire for modular processors which map directly onto representations and the need for dynamically interacting control. Our analysis of this approach to modeling cognition is primarily directed at separating merits from problems and inconsistencies by a critique internal to this approach; we also step outside the framework to note the issues it ignores.
Surprising Coordination Geometry Differences in Ce(IV)- and Pu(IV)-Maltol Complexes

As part of a study to characterize the detailed coordination behavior of Pu(IV), single crystal X-ray diffraction structures have been determined for Pu(IV) and Ce(IV) complexes with the naturally-occurring ligand maltol (3-hydroxy-2-methyl-pyran-4-one) and its derivative bromomaltol (5-bromo-3-hydroxy-2-methyl-pyran-4-one). Although Ce(IV) is generally accepted as a structural analog for Pu(IV), and the maltol complexes of these two metals are isostructural, the corresponding bromomaltol complexes are strikingly different with respect to ligand orientation about the metal ion: All complexes exhibit trigonal dodecahedral coordination geometry but the Ce(IV)-bromomaltol complex displays an uncommon ligand arrangement not mirrored in the Pu(IV) complex, although the two metal species are generally accepted to be structural analogs.