cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
State Political Culture, Higher Education Spending Indicators and Undergraduate Graduation Outcomes

Issues concerning higher education today (e.g., rising costs, declining public trust, changing state economics) have created new demands for postsecondary institutions to demonstrate their productivity. We examine whether differences in states’ political cultures (i.e., underlying traditions, values, and public policy choices) are reflected in variability between state finance policy indicators and institutional variables that explain undergraduate graduation rates. To test our proposed model, we use longitudinal data on state indicators and institutional variables that explain differences in graduation rates compiled over an 11-year period. Our findings suggest that differences in political culture represent mediating factors between states’ economic contexts and higher education appropriations, which help explain variation in their graduation rates over time.
Mental Health Outcomes Associated with Prenatal Alcohol Exposure: Genetic and Environmental Factors

Overwhelming evidence on the impact of maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy has prompted increased attention to the link between prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) and a constellation of developmental disabilities, which are characterized by physical, cognitive, and behavioral impairments. Importantly, individuals with PAE are particularly vulnerable to mental health problems. This review summarizes the current literature on the underlying mechanisms of PAE vulnerability, including epigenetic, genetic, and environmental risk factors that predispose individuals with PAE to psychiatric illness. The studies cited are from animal and human research and include a developmental perspective. Research on the mental health problems suffered by individuals with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs) throughout development highlights the need for training of mental health professionals in the identification and the provision of specific treatments to address the unique features of this developmental disability.
A Challenge: Let Us Strive to Be #2

![Figure][1] The influenza pandemic of 1918 was the one and only time in the last century that cardiovascular disease was not the leading cause of mortality in the United States. Although no one knows exactly how many people died from influenza during that year, the total number of global
Factors Affecting the Accuracy of Price Forecasts

IN RECENT months three major articles have appeared relating to the accuracy of outlook work. The first of these, by James P. Cavin, described methods used by the Bureau of Agricultural Economics in preparing forecasts of general economic conditions and appraised the accuracy of such forecasts made during 1946-51.1 The other two, by John D. Baker, Jr. and Don Paarlberg, appraised the accuracy of the Bureau's general demand forecasts and its forecasts of production and prices of wheat from 1922 to 1950.2
Lingual foregut duplication cysts in the Neonate: Potential role for marsupialization as initial management

Abstract Foregut duplication cysts (FDCs) are a rare clinical entity encountered by otolaryngologists. Imaging can be suggestive of FDCs, but diagnosis is confirmed by pathological analysis. Traditional management has consisted of definitive surgical excision. We describe a case of a neonate born with a ventral tongue FDC which prevented mouth closure and precluded oral intake. Due to excessive potential for morbidity with surgical excision, the cyst was managed primarily by surgical marsupialization. We review the literature, and suggest that marsupialization may be a desirable temporizing measure for oral cavity cysts, offering an initial alternative to complete excision in the neonatal period.
Patient-Centered Outcomes of Medication Adherence Interventions: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Objective Using meta-analytic procedures to synthesize changes in patient-centered outcomes after medication adherence interventions. Methods Strategies to locate studies included online searches of 13 databases and 19 research registries, hand searches of 57 journals, and author and ancestry searches of all eligible studies. Search terms included patient compliance, medication adherence, and related terms. Searches were conducted for all studies published since 1960. Eligible published or unpublished primary studies tested medication adherence interventions and reported medication knowledge, quality of life, physical function, and symptom outcomes. Primary study attributes and outcome data were reliably coded. Overall standardized mean differences (SMDs) were analyzed using random-effects models. Dichotomous and continuous moderator analyses and funnel plots were used to explore risks of bias. Results Thorough searching located 141 eligible reports. The reports included 176 eligible comparisons between treatment and control subjects across 23,318 subjects. Synthesis across all comparisons yielded statistically significant SMDs for medication knowledge (d = 0.449), quality of life (d = 0.127), physical function (d = 0.142), and symptoms (d = 0.182). The overall SMDs for studies focusing on subsamples of patients with specific illnesses were more modest but also statistically significant. Of specific symptoms analyzed (depression, anxiety, pain, energy/vitality, cardiovascular, and respiratory), only anxiety failed to show a significant improvement after medication adherence interventions. Most SMDs were significantly heterogeneous, and risk of bias analyses suggested links between study quality and SMDs. Conclusions Modest but significant improvements in patient-centered outcomes were observed after medication adherence interventions.
Decarbonylative cross coupling of phthalimides with diorganozinc reagents—Efforts toward catalysis

Abstract The decarbonylative coupling of phthalimides with diorganozinc reagents to form o-substituted benzamides has been previously demonstrated as a viable process, but only with stoichiometric nickel(0). Investigations into a number of reaction variables, including solvent, ligand, and substrate substitution, have yielded multiple sets of conditions capable of achieving up to 10 catalyst turnovers, most successfully with the use of electron withdrawing nitrogen substituents on the phthalimide. In addition, these investigations have provided insight into the intermediates within the catalytic cycle and have revealed new approaches to the development of a general catalytic methodology.
Load partitioning in Al2O3-Al composites with three-dimensional periodic architecture

Interpenetrating composites are created by infiltration of liquid aluminum into three-dimensional (3-D) periodic Al2O3 preforms with simple tetragonal symmetry produced by direct-write assembly. Volume-averaged lattice strains in the Al2O3 phase of the composite are measured by synchrotron X-ray diffraction for various uniaxial compression stresses up to � 350 MPa. Load transfer, found by diffraction to occur from the metal phase to the ceramic phase, is in general agreement with simple rule-of-mixture models and in better agreement with more complex, 3-D finite-element models that account for metal plasticity and details of the geometry of both phases. Spatially resolved diffraction measurements show variations in load transfer at two different positions within the composite.
Small-Scale Fishers, Changing Borders: The Case of San Andrés Archipelago (Colombia) and the International Court of Justice

Small-scale fisheries are not a fixed scale in terms of governance and governability. While they may be small by their individual size, small-scale fisheries are strongly interconnected to higher levels of governance. This interconnectedness makes them vulnerable to external influences and shocks, which in turn affect their governability. This chapter calls for an analysis of scales beyond the local community in order to grasp all the complexity, diversity and dynamics of interactions at multiple levels. As an illustration, the case of small-scale fisheries in the San Andres archipelago on the Caribbean coast of Colombia will be looked at. Due to the International Court of Justice decision over boundary dispute between Colombia and Nicaragua in 2012, small-scale fishers in this area lost access to their traditional fishing ground. The chapter examines consequences of this decision using the governability assessment framework and provides lessons about small-scale fisheries governance when spatial scale is a critical issue.
Characterization of Deformation Mechanics and Microstructure Evolution During Indirect Extrusion in Small Length Scales

In situ characterization of mechanics of deformation including dynamic strain, strain-rate and rotation of material elements was performed in prototypical small length-scale forming operation- indirect extrusion (IE) of commercially pure Lead (Pb) and Aluminum (Al 1100) using Digital Image Correlation (DIC) technique. Effects of scaling and deformation rate over a range of dimensions and velocities on mechanical response of CP Pb and the resultant anomalies were studied. Additionally, previous and post-deformation characterization of microstructure in Al was accomplished by performing Orientation Imaging Microscopy (OIM) on workpiece materials with different grain sizes. Finally, In situ characterization aided by high speed imaging of indirect extrusion of Al coupled with a Visco-Plastic Self-Consistent (VPSC) model was used to predict the evolved textures in various regions of deformation zone and the results were compared to OIM observations.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Rapid Flow Surveys via Rotating Rake System and Use in Powered Wind Tunnel Models

This paper describes a rotating rake system for rapid measurement of total and static pressure distributions in powered airframe models with complex geometries. The local actuation of the rake rotation mechanism allows access to regions of the flow not easily accessible to traditional traverse systems with wall-mounted leadscrew actuators. Local indexing of the rake pivot to the model precisely positions the rake in the presence of model vibration. The total and static rakes and mechanisms are built from commercially available hardware and materials. The rotating rake system was employed to measure total and static pressures in the propulsive streamtubes of a boundary-layer ingesting powered aircraft model in the NASA Langley 14’×22’ wind tunnel. The specific quantity of interest was the total pressure flux into and out of the propulsors, needed to quantify the power-saving benefits of the boundary layer ingestion system. The paper discusses the benefits and drawbacks of the rotating rake system for the demonstrated wind tunnel experiment and for more general flow measurements.
Analysis on knowledge, behavior and infection status of AIDS among pregnant women in Shengzhou city in 2014

Objective To understand related knowledge and behaviors of AIDS and HIV, syphilis, hepatitis C infection of maternal populations in Shengzhou city, and provide scientific basis for formulating the PMTCT strategies. Methods According to the requirements of the National Implementation Scheme for AIDS Sentinel Surveillance, the questionnaire survey and serological detection were conducted in 400 pregnant women. Results The awareness rate of AIDS in pregnant women was63% totally, there was statistical significance of the awareness rate of AIDS-related knowledge among different population groups of ages, cultural degree and household register(P0.05). Two cases of syphilis antibody-positive were found, the positive rate was 0.5%. HIV, HCV were not detected. Conclusion The awareness rate of AIDS-related knowledge among pregnant women of Shengzhou city is low, and has some extent epidemic of STD, may be infected with AIDS, so education and publicity for AIDS knowledge and HIV screening should be strengthened, and effective to prevent AIDS transmission from mother to child.
Undergraduate Students’ Perceptions of the Impact of Pre-College Computing Activities on Choices of Major

A lack of diversity in the computing field has existed for several decades, and although female participation in computing remains low, outreach programs attempting to address the situation are now quite numerous. To begin to understand whether or not these past activities have had long-term impact, we conducted a systematic literature review. Upon discovering that longitudinal studies were lacking, we investigated whether undergraduate students believed that their participation in computing activities prior to college contributed to their decision to major in a computing field. From the 770 participants in the study, we discovered that approximately 20p of males and 24p of females who were required to participate in computing activities chose a computing or related major, but that males perceived that the activity had a greater affect on their decision (20p) than females (6.9p). Females who participated in an outreach activity were more likely to major in computing. Compared with females who chose to major in computing, females who did not were less likely to indicate that the majority of students participating in activities were boys and that they were a welcome part of the groups. Results also showed that female participants who do not ultimately major in computing have a much stronger negative perception of the outreach activities than male participants who also chose a non-computing major. Although many computing outreach activities are designed to diversify computing, it may be the case that, overall, boys receive these activities more favorably than girls, although requiring participation yields approximately the same net positive impact.
Engaging the Patient as Observer to Promote Hand Hygiene Compliance in Ambulatory Care

Article-at-a-Glance Background Monitoring hand hygiene guideline compliance in an ambulatory environment can be challenging. For example, direct observation by independent observers is impractical because the sink and hand sanitizer dispensers are most often located inside the examination room. At Johns Hopkins Outpatient Center, an ambulatory care facility located on the campus of The Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore, patients were engaged as an observer in monitoring hand hygiene compliance. Methods The Johns Hopkins Hospital's ambulatory quality and patient safety (AQPS) task force, after assessing common methods of monitoring hand hygiene compliance including direct observation, self-reporting, and product usage, evaluated using the patient as an observer. Results Of 50 patients interviewed, 43 (86%) indicated a willingness to monitor and report providers' compliance with hand hygiene guidelines. In collaboration with providers, a patient-as-observer hand hygiene monitoring process was developed and piloted. Qualitative feedback postimplementation did not indicate that the process would inhibit the patient-provider relationship. The cost of the program to implement and maintain averages $0.17 per patient encounter. The overall patient response rate was 21.6% (range, 12%–77%), based on completed observation cards to total appointments completed. Hand hygiene compliance as measured by the patient-as-observer process averaged 88% (range, 74%–100%). Independent observation revealed 100% concurrence between the patient's recorded observation and the independent observer. Discussion Engaging the patient to report on hand hygiene compliance was found to be efficient and acceptable to patients and providers, and the results of the observations were representative of actual provider behavior.
Workplace Support and Life Satisfaction: the Mediating Roles of Work-to-Family Conflict and Mental Health

Workplace support has been consistently identified as an important factor shaping the well-being of workers. This study adds to the existing literature by considering how three central facets of workplace support—coworker support, supervisor support, and organizational support—relate to the life satisfaction of US workers. Additionally, we examine whether work-to-family conflict and poor mental health mediate the relationships between the three aspects of workplace support and life satisfaction. The research questions are addressed using data from the 2008 National Study of the Changing Workforce (N = 2594). Our findings indicate that all three types of workplace support have direct effects on life satisfaction. Results also show that work-to-family conflict fully mediates the effect of organizational support on life satisfaction, and partially mediates the effect of supervisor support on life satisfaction. Moreover, poor mental health fully mediates the effects of both organizational and supervisor support on life satisfaction. Coworker support, however, is not mediated by either variable. Overall, we make a contribution to the literature by examining how all three forms of workplace support relate to life satisfaction, with findings emphasizing the centrality of workplace support to the life satisfaction of US workers. We also deepen the understanding of these issues by highlighting the mediating roles of poor mental health and work-to-family conflict.
F. Scott Fitzgerald's TENDER IS THE NIGHT: Nicole Diver's Secret History

In the critical history of F. Scott Fitzgerald's Tender Is the Night, Nicole Diver has tended to disappear into the wake of her more magnetic husband, Dick. Interpreters have generally classed Nico...
Strategies of successful and unsuccessful simulators coached to feign traumatic brain injury

AbstractObjective: The present study evaluated strategies used by healthy adults coached to simulate traumatic brain injury (TBI) during neuropsychological evaluation. Method: Healthy adults (n = 58) were coached to simulate TBI while completing a test battery consisting of multiple performance validity tests (PVTs), neuropsychological tests, a self-report scale of functional independence, and a debriefing survey about strategies used to feign TBI. Results: “Successful” simulators (n = 16) were classified as participants who failed 0 or 1 PVT and also scored as impaired on one or more neuropsychological index. “Unsuccessful” simulators (n = 42) failed ≥2 PVTs or passed PVTs but did not score impaired on any neuropsychological index. Compared to unsuccessful simulators, successful simulators had significantly more years of education, higher estimated IQ, and were more likely to use information provided about TBI to employ a systematic pattern of performance that targeted specific tests rather than performi...
srcType: A Tool for Efficient Static Type Resolution

An efficient, static type resolution tool is presented. The tool is implemented on top of srcML, an XML representation of source code and abstract syntax. The approach computes the type of every identifier (i.e., function names and variable names) within the provided body of code. The result is a dictionary that can be used to lookup the type of each name. Type information includes metadata such as constness, class membership, aliasing, line number, file, and namespace. The approach is highly scalable and can generate a dictionary for Linux (13 MLOC) in less than 7 minutes. The tool is open source under a GPL license and available for download at srcML.org.
Acoustic Predictors of Pediatric Dysarthria in Cerebral Palsy.

Purpose The objectives of this study were to identify acoustic characteristics of connected speech that differentiate children with dysarthria secondary to cerebral palsy (CP) from typically developing children and to identify acoustic measures that best detect dysarthria in children with CP. Method Twenty 5-year-old children with dysarthria secondary to CP were compared to 20 age- and sex-matched typically developing children on 5 acoustic measures of connected speech. A logistic regression approach was used to derive an acoustic model that best predicted dysarthria status. Results Results indicated that children with dysarthria secondary to CP differed from typically developing children on measures of multiple segmental and suprasegmental speech characteristics. An acoustic model containing articulation rate and the F2 range of diphthongs differentiated children with dysarthria from typically developing children with 87.5% accuracy. Conclusion This study serves as a first step toward developing an acous...
Decolonizing primary English language teaching

Lopez-Gopar’s work, Decolonizing Primary English Language Teaching, contributes to the growing literature on the critical examination of English language teaching to minoritized groups in schools. ...
Effects of operator splitting and low Mach-number correction in turbulent mixing transition simulations

Abstract Transition and turbulence decay with the Taylor–Green vortex have been effectively used to demonstrate emulation of high Reynolds-number ( R e ) physical dissipation through numerical convective effects of various non-oscillatory finite-volume algorithms for implicit large eddy simulation (ILES), e.g. using the Godunov-based Eulerian adaptive mesh refinement code xRAGE. The inverse-chevron shock tube experiment simulations have been also used to assess xRAGE based ILES for shock driven turbulent mixing, compared with available simulation and laboratory data. The previous assessments are extended to evaluate new directionally-unsplit high-order algorithms in xRAGE, including a correction to address the well-known issue of excessive numerical diffusion of shock-capturing (e.g., Godunov-type) schemes for low Mach numbers. The unsplit options for hydrodynamics in xRAGE are discussed in detail, followed by fundamental tests with representative shock problems. Basic issues of transition to turbulence and turbulent mixing are discussed, and results of simulations of high- R e turbulent flow and mixing in canonical test cases are reported. Compared to the directional-split cases, and for each grid resolution considered, unsplit results exhibit transition to turbulence with much higher effective R e —and significantly more so with the low Mach number correction.
Chick eyes under cycloplegia compensate for spectacle lenses despite six-hydroxy dopamine treatment.

Purpose. To test whether eye growth changes produced by spectacle lens wear are mediated by changes in ciliary muscle tonus in chicks. Methods. Because there is evidence that deprivation myopia is based on a local-retinal mechanism in the eye that probably remains functional after cycloplegia as well as after ciliary ganglion or Edinger-Westphal lesions, none of these treatments provides insight into whether accommodation tonus is also important in the control of axial eye growth. Because 6-hydroxy dopamine (6-OHDA) suppresses deprivation myopia, to isolate growth changes mediated by accommodation the authors injected 6-OHDA and paralyzed accommodation in addition (by corneal application of vecuroniumbromide). To quantify the state of cycloplegia, the abnormal pecking responses of cyclopleged chickens were studied. Results. The authors found that cycloplegia could be maintained for 3 hours daily by corneal application of vecuroniumbromide. To ensure that visual exposure was restricted to the time period of cycloplegia, chickens were transferred to a 3-hour light/21-hour dark cycle. Control experiments showed that emmetropization was still functional under the changed light cycle. Strikingly, even with suppressed local-retinal growth control mechanisms (as indicated by the lack of deprivation myopia in a 6-OHDA injected group of chickens with occluders) and paralysis of accommodation, the eyes compensated for the defocus imposed by spectacles by changing their axial growth rates to be similar to those of eyes with functional accommodation. Conclusions. The findings show that the ciliary muscle and the activity of the iris sphincter muscle are not involved in emmetropization in chicks. If accommodation mediates the growth effects with lenses, it must happen via another pathway. Based on previous results, the authors propose that either the choroidal nerves from the ciliary ganglion to the choroid are important or that another yet unknown pathway from the Edinger Westphal nucleus to the eye transmits the necessary information. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1994; 35:3516-3524. J. here is no doubt that vision plays an important role in the fine tuning of axial eye length to the focal length of the growing chicken: Shifting the focal plane by placing low-power spectacles in front of the eye results in rapid changes in axial eye growth such that the imposed refractive errors are largely compensated for within days.
NKX2.2 immunohistochemistry in the distinction of Ewing sarcoma from cytomorphologic mimics: Diagnostic utility and pitfalls

Background Ewing sarcoma (ES) is a round cell sarcoma that can be challenging to diagnose on cytologic material given its significant overlap with numerous mesenchymal, epithelial, and lymphoid cytomorphologic mimics. The objective of this study was to assess the utility of a novel marker, NKX2.2, in the diagnosis of ES in cytologic material and its ability to distinguish ES from its mimics. Methods NKX2.2 immunohistochemistry was performed on cell blocks from 107 fine-needle aspirations, and nuclear expression was scored semiquantitatively for extent and intensity. The study cohort included ES (n = 10), well differentiated neuroendocrine tumor (n = 20), melanoma (n = 11), Merkel cell carcinoma (n = 10), small cell carcinoma (n = 10), alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (n = 2), spindle cell/sclerosing rhabdomyosarcoma (n = 2), synovial sarcoma (n = 12), solitary fibrous tumor (n = 2), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (n = 10), lymphoblastic lymphoma (n = 11), adenoid cystic carcinoma (n = 6), and CIC-rearranged sarcoma (n = 1). Results NKX2.2 had high sensitivity (100%) and moderate specificity (85%) for the diagnosis of ES in cytologic material. NKX2.2 expression also was present in a subset of mesenchymal and epithelial mimics, and staining was most commonly observed in small cell carcinoma (80%) and well differentiated neuroendocrine tumor (45%). Among mesenchymal mimics, 42% exhibited NKX2.2 expression. NKX2.2 staining was absent in melanoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, and lymphoproliferative neoplasms. Conclusions NKX2.2 is a highly sensitive but only moderately specific marker for ES. Neuroendocrine neoplasms exhibit variable NKX2.2 expression and remain a significant potential diagnostic pitfall. Thus, NKX2.2 expression should be interpreted in the context of an appropriate immunohistochemical panel (and often with confirmatory molecular testing) for the accurate diagnosis of ES.
A Community Choir Intervention to Promote Well-Being Among Diverse Older Adults: Results From the Community of Voices Trial

Objectives To test effects of the Community of Voices choir intervention on the health, well-being, and health care costs of racial/ethnically diverse older adults. Method Twelve Administration-on-Aging-supported senior centers were cluster randomized into two groups: the intervention group started the choir immediately and a wait-list control group began the choir 6 months later. The choir program was designed for community-dwelling adults aged 60 years and older. The multimodal intervention comprises activities that engage participants cognitively, physically, and socially. Outcome measures assessed these three domains as well as health care utilization and costs. The intention-to-treat comparison was at 6 months. Results The sample (N = 390) had a mean age of 71.3 years (SD = 7.2); 65% were nonwhite. Six-month retention was 92%. Compared to controls, intervention group members experienced significantly greater improvements in loneliness (p = .02; standardized effect size [ES = 0.34] and interest in life (p = .008, ES = 0.39). No significant group differences were observed for cognitive or physical outcomes or for health care costs. Discussion Findings support adoption of community choirs for reducing loneliness and increasing interest in life among diverse older adults. Further efforts need to examine the mechanisms by which engagement in choirs improves aspects of well-being and reduces health disparities among older adults, including potential longer-term effects. Clinicaltrials.gov registration NCT01869179 registered January 9, 2013.
Driver Distraction Detection using MEL Cepstrum Representation of Galvanic Skin Responses and Convolutional Neural Networks

Driver distraction is one of the major causes of road accidents which can lead to severe physical injuries and deaths. Statistics indicate the need of a reliable driver distraction system, which can monitor the driver's distraction and alert the driver before there is a chance of disasters on the road continuously an ubiquitously. Therefore, early detection of driver distraction can help decrease the cost of roadway disasters. Physiological signals such as electrocardiogram (ECG) and electroencephalogram (EEG) have been extensively used for driver state monitoring at the physiological level. More recently, galvanic skin response (GSR) analysis, which is a minimally intrusive technology, has been investigated to develop monitoring systems which alerts divers early. In this paper, we propose a novel detection system that characterizes the impact of secondary tasks of calling and texting on the driver based on the spectrogram and MEL Cepstrum representation of the GSR signals and convolutional neural networks (CNN) modeling. The proposed detection system decomposes the GSR signals in 2D time-frequency representation to decode spectro-temporal patterns. We further isolate the spectral envelope and then extract Mel frequency filter bank coefficients in time and frequency. Our proposed deep CNN structure is designed to automatically learn reliable discriminative visual patterns in the $2\mathbf{D}$ spectrogram and Mel cepstrum space. Passing the layers of the CNN, the low level features transform to high level features representing the impact of the secondary tasks. The aforementioned process replaces the traditional ad hoc hand-crafted feature extraction when working with a high dimensional time-series dataset. The classification accuracy of the proposed prediction algorithm is evaluated based on a set of recorded GSR signals from 7 driver subjects during a naturalistic driving. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm achieves a high accuracy of detecting the state of inattention, 93.28%.
Automatic Switch Company: Alive and Well [History]

For more than a century, the Automatic Switch Company (ASCO), now ASCO Power Technologies (Figure 1), provided emergency and standby power equipment to a wide range of industries. Best known for its innovative and robust transfer switches, ASCO Power also developed industry-leading solutions for power control switchgear and other equipment used in mission-critical applications. This article summarizes ASCO Power?s history of innovation and its continuing influence on the industries it serves.
Estimation of part-to-powder heat losses as surface convection in laser powder bed fusion

Abstract Thermal modeling of additive manufacturing processes such as laser powder bed fusion is able to calculate a thermal history of a build. This simulated thermal history can in turn be used as an input to further simulate temperature related characteristics such as residual stress, distortion, microstructure, lack of fusion porosity, and hot spots. In order to estimate the heat loss to the powder bed during the process, convective heat transfer is widely used as thermal boundary condition in finite element modeling of laser powder fusion processes. However, this convection coefficient is usually selected based on empirical estimation or model tuning. In this work, FEA models of the part and surrounding powder are used as a reference to determine the surface convection BC's for modeling the part only. Seven types of commonly used AM materials with a wide range of thermal conductivities were studied for better testing of the conductivity dependency of the convection coefficient. The convection coefficient values, which predict similar thermal history as the powder model, are found to be a function of thermal conductivity of the deposited material and the cross-sectional thickness of the part feature. A new thickness dependent convection boundary condition is proposed and found to be capable of predicting much closer thermal history to the powder model. These newly developed boundary conditions improve the peak temperature prediction accuracy by 36% while running in 1/4th of the time as the powder model.
Open Access and Networked Science in Teaching-Learning: Bane or Blessing?:

In this era of exponential growth of technology, new opportunities seem to arise daily for doing the work of teaching-learning more efficiently and effectively. However, each new opportunity also has inherent risks and challenges that concurrently restrict such work. With technology providing the opportunity for scholars and researchers to connect across time, space, and artificial boundaries, two relatively newer phenomena have emerged: open access publishing and networked science. In this column, these phenomena are explored. Although rich with opportunities, these phenomena are fraught with potential dangers for nurse scientists and faculty. Clearly, as new possibilities unfold in nursing science and publishing, wisdom is needed to assure the integrity and rigor of the research being conducted and what is published.
Foreign and Domestic Influences in the War in Yemen

The civil war in Yemen is less a single war than a mosaic of interlinked conflicts. Although the conflict is often framed as a proxy war between Iran, Saudi Arabia, and the UAE, Yemeni actors tend to follow their own internal logic. This paper examines how international agendas intersect with Yemeni agendas and the impact this has on war and peace. It focuses on both Iranian-aligned groups, such as the Houthis, and the various groups that have entered into alliance with Saudi Arabia and the UAE, such as the Hadi government, various Salafi-inspired groups, and southern separatists.
$\mathtt{FlipIn}$ : A Game-Theoretic Cyber Insurance Framework for Incentive-Compatible Cyber Risk Management of Internet of Things

Internet of Things (IoT) is highly vulnerable to emerging Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs) that are often operated by well-resourced adversaries. Achieving perfect security for IoT networks is often cost-prohibitive if not impossible. Cyber insurance is a valuable mechanism to mitigate cyber risks for IoT systems. In this work, we propose a bi-level game-theoretic framework called FlipIn to design incentive-compatible and welfare-maximizing cyber insurance contracts. The framework captures the strategic interactions among APT attackers, IoT defenders, and cyber insurance insurers, and incorporates influence networks to assess the systemic cyber risks of interconnected IoT devices. The FlipIn framework formulates a game over networks within a principal-agent problem of moral-hazard type to design a cyber risk-aware insurance contract. We completely characterize the equilibrium solutions of the bi-level games for a network of distributed defenders and a semi-homogeneous centralized defender and show that the optimal insurance contracts cover half of the defenders’ losses. Our framework predicts the risk compensation of defenders and the Peltzman effect of insurance. We study a centralized security management scenario and its decentralized counterpart, and leverage numerical experiments to show that network connectivity plays an important role in the security of the IoT devices and the insurability of both distributed and centralized defenders.
Formation of interleaving layers in the Bay of Bengal

Abstract Observations of the upper 200 m of the strongly stratified Bay of Bengal reveal a host of interleaving layers of watermass properties. The features appear as isopycnal spice anomalies and form multiple, parallel, ∼ 10 m thin layers, that are coherent over horizontal scales of 30–80 km. They are coincident with anomalies in density stratification and in some cases, with the vertical shear of horizontal velocity, but are not aligned with isopycnals. The cross-isopycnal slopes of these prominent features are O ( 1 0 − 4 ) and are, on average, 5 to 10 times smaller than the expected slopes of passive tracer anomalies due to mesoscale stirring. We present two alternate mechanisms by which such interleaving layers can be created from existing lateral spice gradients: (i) stirring by vertically sheared submesoscale eddies, and (ii) near-inertial wave shear. A numerical simulation of a density (and spice) front, based on observations of a narrow and fast jet, develops a submesoscale vortex that produces spice layering similar to our observations. The layering suggests that even a weak vertical diffusivity would greatly enhance the horizontal mixing of spice at submesoscales, the scales of the proposed processes, through shear dispersion. The analysis of the observations draws attention to the prevalence of submesoscale dynamics and NIWs with unusually high vertical wavenumbers in the Bay of Bengal.
Quadratic Relationship Between Alexithymia and Interoceptive Accuracy, and Results From a Pilot Mindfulness Intervention.

Alexithymia, or a reduced ability to label and describe one's emotions, is a transdiagnostic construct associated with poor psychosocial outcomes. Currently, the mechanisms underlying affective deficits associated with alexithymia are unclear, hindering targeted treatment delivery. Recent research suggests deficient interoceptive awareness, or reduced awareness of one's internal bodily state, may be key in the etiology of alexithymia. It has long been demonstrated that mindfulness meditation can alter perceptions of one's own emotions and bodily cues. Therefore, it is possible that mindfulness meditation may reduce affective deficits associated with alexithymia by improving interoceptive awareness. In this study, we aimed to (1) elucidate the role of interoceptive accuracy and sensibility, two dimensions of interoceptive awareness, in alexithymia, and (2) test the efficacy of a brief mindfulness meditation for improving interoceptive accuracy, interoceptive sensibility, and emotional awareness. Seventy six young adults completed a baseline heartbeat detection task, to assess interoceptive accuracy and sensibility, and the Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20 item. They were randomly assigned to a brief mindfulness-based body scan meditation intervention or control condition. Afterwards, participants completed tasks assessing emotional awareness (i.e., affect labeling, emotional granularity) and follow-up heartbeat detection task. Relationships between alexithymia and interoceptive accuracy and sensibility were best described as quadratic (p = 0.002) and linear (p = 0.040), respectively. Participants in both conditions showed robust improvements in interoceptive accuracy from baseline to follow-up (p η p 2 = 0.15); however, there were no group (meditation or control) differences in degree of improvement. Similarly, there were no group differences in affect labeling or emotional granularity. These preliminary results suggest that heightened alexithymia may be associated with either relatively high or low interoceptive accuracy. The meditation condition did not result in improved interoceptive accuracy or sensibility above and beyond that of a control group. Improvements in interoceptive accuracy, interoceptive sensibility, and emotional awareness may require longer or more interactive intervention approaches. More research is needed to parse the potentially complex relationship between alexithymia and interoceptive awareness, and to develop targeted treatment approaches to ameliorating associated affective deficits.
Optimal sampling for accelerated testing in 14 nm FinFET ring oscillators

Abstract The accuracy of accelerated lifetime tests may vary due to the choice of test conditions, which presents a problem in interpreting results. Furthermore, testing is generally performed on test structures which are simplified compared to circuits and systems. To have an in-depth understanding on the actual usage conditions, we use 14 nm FinFET ring oscillator as the test vehicle for accelerated testing, focusing on detecting front-end time dependent dielectric breakdown. The factors impacting errors in lifetime estimation are investigated, such as sample size, testing times, and number of inverters in the ring oscillators.
High‐Efficiency Multicoil Wireless Power and Data Transfer for Biomedical Implants and Neuroprosthetics

To eliminate the transcutaneous wires between the external power source and the implanted device, and to achieve a long lifetime of the implanted device, most commercial devices use wireless power transfer (WPT) to the implanted electronics. WPT also removes the need for implantable batteries or cabling requirements, making biomedical implants more practical. The overall design goals of WPT for biomedical implants and, therefore, the goals considered in this chapter are small size of the coil implanted in the body, low loss in the receiver, and high efficiency and power delivery. The chapter describes the use of multicoil systems in efficient power delivery to the implanted receiver, dealing with the new design techniques to achieve better performance over conventional designs of multicoil system. The chapter also describes inductive data transfer and explores how a simple update to the proposed technique enhances performance parameters at the data transmission frequency which can help in better data signal delivery.
Effect of Predicted Versus Measured Thoracic Gas Volume on Body Fat Percentage in Young Adults.

The BodPod® (COSMED, Concord, CA) uses predicted (pTGV) or measured thoracic gas volume (mTGV) during estimations of percentage body fat (%BF). In young adults, there is inconsistent evidence on the variation between pTGV and mTGV, and the effect of sex as a potential covariate on this relationship is unknown. This study examined the difference between TGV assessments and its effect on %BF and potential sex differences that may impact this relationship. A retrospective analysis of BodPod® pTGV and mTGV for 95 men and 86 women ages 18–30 years was performed. Predicted TGV was lower than mTGV for men (−0.49 ± 0.7 L; p .05) or %BF (−0.03 ± 0.2%; p > .05). The two-predictor model of sex and height was able to account for 57.9% of the variance in mTGV, F(2, 178) = 122.5, p < .0001. Sex corrected for the effect of height was a significant predictor of mTGV (β = 0.483 L, p < .0001). There is bias for pTGV to underestimate mTGV in individuals with a large mTGV, which can lead to significant underestimations of %BF in young adults; this was especially evident for men in this study. Sex is an important covariate that should be considered when deciding to use pTGV. The results indicate that TGV should be measured whenever possible for both men and women ages 18–30 years.
Shirley Geok-lin Lim’s Embodied Memories: Academic Autobiography, Genre, and Mentorship

This chapter highlights Lim’s resistance to cultural definitions prescribed for her, creating a definition of immigrant woman that is multi-layered and complex. In her essays she merges academic scholarship and personal writing to dispel the notion that the two are mutually exclusive. In addition, she encourages women writers to “write out of turn” (MLA’s Profession 1999), resisting the colonizing forces that seek to define her. Throughout the memoir, Lim poses questions to the audience about the strictures of colonialism, higher education institutions, and definitions of immigrants and women. She uses the example of her life to illustrate the “tensions within her identity” to construct a self-conscious and interactive performance space, encouraging readers to experience her reflexivity about herself and about education. Lim’s narrative construction is self-consciously interactive and engages readers’ senses of civic, academic, and intellectual justice, while simultaneously interrogating traditional education and reflecting on her identity.
Navigating the Regulatory Landscape to Develop Pediatric Oncology Drugs: Expert Opinion Recommendations

Regulatory changes have been enacted in the United States (US) and European Union (EU) to encourage the development of new treatments for pediatric cancer. Here, we review some of the factors that have hampered the development of pediatric cancer treatments and provide a comparison of the US and EU regulations implemented to address this clinical need. We then provide some recommendations for each stage of the oncology drug development pathway to help researchers maximize their chance of successful drug development while complying with regulations. A key recommendation is the engagement of key stakeholders such as regulatory authorities, pediatric oncologists, academic researchers, patient advocacy groups, and a Pediatric Expert Group early in the drug development process. During drug target selection, sponsors are encouraged to consult the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), European Medicines Agency (EMA), and the FDA target list, in addition to relevant US and European consortia that have been established to characterize and prioritize oncology drug targets. Sponsors also need to carefully consider the resourcing requirements for preclinical testing, which include ensuring appropriate access to the most relevant databases, clinical samples, and preclinical models (cell lines and animal models). During clinical development, sponsors can account for the pharmacodynamic (PD)/pharmacokinetic (PK) considerations specific to a pediatric population by developing pediatric formulations, selecting suitable PD endpoints, and employing sparse PK sampling or modeling/simulation of drug exposures where appropriate. Additional clinical considerations include the specific design of the clinical trial, the potential inclusion of children in adult trials, and the value of cooperative group trials.
Hybrid-Garch: A generic class of models for volatility predictions using high frequency data

We propose a general GARCH framework that allows the predict volatility using returns sampled at a higher frequency than the prediction horizon. We call the class of models High FrequencY Data-Based PRojectIon-Driven GARCH, or HYBRID-GARCH models, as the volatility dynamics are driven by what we call HYBRID processes. The HYBRID processes can involve data sampled at any frequency.
Integrative Analysis of Competitive Dynamics and Multipoint Competition: The Case of

This technical note aims to guide discussion on three strategic moves that are designed for multipoint competition: thrust, feint, and gambit. It will examine how these moves might be applied for multipoint competition within the pet food industry. In the 1980s, pet food companies competed across many different subsegments of cat and dog food, requiring complex and creative multipoint competition strategies to win market shares. Excerpt UVA-S-0337 Aug. 25, 2021 Integrative Analysis of Competitive Dynamics and Multipoint Competition: Case of “Cat Fight in the Pet Food Industry” Introduction Multipoint competition is a strategic phenomenon that occurs when two or more firms compete across two or more markets. Strategic actions can never be viewed in a vacuum, and this is even more the case when firms engage in multipoint competition. For example, actions taken by Firm A against Firm B in Market X are highly likely to elicit a response from Firm B not only in Market X, but in other markets where the two companies compete. Thus it is essential for firms to understand not only who they are competing with, but also the markets within which they are competing with their rivals. . . .