cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fibroblast growth factor inhibits MRF4 activity independently of the phosphorylation status of a conserved threonine residue within the DNA-binding domain.

Abstract MRF4 is a member of the muscle-specific basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor family that also includes MyoD, myogenin, and Myf-5. Each of these proteins, when overexpressed in fibroblasts, converts the cells to differentiated muscle fibers that express several skeletal muscle genes, such as those for alpha-actin, muscle creatine kinase, and troponin I. Despite the fact that MRF4 functions as a positive transcriptional regulator, the MRF4 protein is subject to negative regulation by a variety of agents, most notably by exposure of cells to purified growth factors, such as basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). In an effort to establish whether bFGF inhibits MRF4 activity through specific posttranslational modifications, we examined whether MRF4 exists in vivo as a phosphoprotein and whether the phosphorylation status of the protein regulates its activity. Our results indicate that MRF4 is phosphorylated predominantly on serine residues, with weak phosphorylation occurring on threonine residues. Both cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) and protein kinase C (PKC) phosphorylate MRF4 in vitro as well as in vivo, and the overexpression of each kinase inhibits MRF4 activity and thus blocks terminal differentiation. PKC-directed phosphorylation of a conserved threonine residue (T-99) situated within the DNA-binding domain inhibits MRF4 from binding in vitro to specific DNA targets. However, although T-99 itself is essential for myogenic activity, our studies demonstrate that the phosphorylation status of T-99 does not play a major role in regulating MRF4 activity in vivo, since PKA, PKC, and bFGF inhibit the activity of MRF4 proteins in which the identified PKA and PKC sites have been mutated. We suggest that the negative regulation of MRF4 imposed by bFGF does not involve a direct modification of the protein at the identified PKA and PKC sites but instead may involve the modification of specific coregulators that interact with this muscle regulatory factor.
Common femoral artery anastomotic pseudoaneurysm: endovascular treatment with hemobahn stent-grafts.

JVIR 2000; 11:1179–1183 STENT-GRAFTS are gaining widespread acceptance in the endovascular treatment of aneurysms, pseudoaneurysms, and arteriovenous fistulas because of the less invasive nature of their use compared to standard surgical procedures (1). Fully supported stent-grafts are used in the treatment of thoracic aortic aneurysms (1), abdominal aortic aneurysms (2), iliac artery aneurysms (3–6), superficial femoral artery (SFA) and popliteal artery pseudoaneurysms (7–10), and subclavian artery aneurysms and fistulas (11). Vascular lesions near mobile skeletal joints (ie, hip joint), although potentially treatable with fully supported stents or stent-grafts, are still managed with surgery (12) because of the perceived risk of stent failure or vascular injury caused by motion. To our knowledge, there have been no reports of a fully supported stent-graft placement across the hip joint for the treatment of aneurysmal lesions in humans. We describe our experience of endovascular management of a patient presenting with a common femoral artery (CFA) anastomotic pseudoaneurysm, treated with placement of fully supported stentgrafts. This patient also had a common iliac artery anastomotic pseudoaneurysm that was likewise treated with placement of fully supported stent-grafts.
Reconstituting the Study of American Political Thought in a Regime-Change Perspective

The story of American political thought has been told in many different ways. Three genres stand out. The first is written within the larger framework of intellectual history and takes the form of anthology and narrative summary. Among its most prominent features are an eclecticism of sources (from Roger Williams to Walt Whitman to Erich Fromm) and a heavy emphasis on the period from the first New England settlements through the victory of Jeffersonian democracy. A second form is constitutionalist. Charting the major struggles over legal and institutional relationships through time, this perspective gives prominence to landmark court decisions and articulations of major constitutional issues by party and political leaders. As articulated in the late nineteenth century, it examines the major forms of constitutionalist thinking that lie behind these constitutional and institutional struggles. The third genre, I label populist-progressive. Here, the story of American political thought is Earlier versions of this paper were presented at the Southwestern Political Science Association annual meeting, March 23–26, 1988, Houston, Texas, and at the American Politics Group meeting in Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford University, January 4–6, 1988.
Corrected Horvath-Kawazoe Equations for ´ Pore-Size Distribution

The Horvath-Kawazoe (HK) model is a widely used method for determining pore-size distribution in a microporous material from a single adsorption isotherm. The original model, however, suffers from conceptual flaws. The total interaction energy of the adsorbate is underestimated since the adsorbate-adsorbate interaction is incorrecty calculated. New corrected HK models proposed here for three pore geometries (slit, cylindrical, and spherical) can overcome these defects. Two other improvements have also been made in the new models. These assume that a filled micropore is composed of layers of adsorbate molecules which interact only with the molecular layers in the immediate vicinity. A better estimate of adsorbate-adsorbate-adsorbent interaction is obtained by utilizing actual distances between interacting molecules. The average interaction energy is calculated by a population-weighted average of the energy potential of the layers rather than by integration. This average potential approaches a nonzero value at large pore size, unlike that in the original model. Pore-size distributions predicted by the corrected HK models agreed significantly better with crystallographic data compared to the original model for both microporous and mesoporous sorbents.
The composition, structure and stability of a group II chaperonin are temperature regulated in a hyperthermophilic archaeon.

Summary The hyperthermoacidophilic archaeon Sulfolobus shibatae contains group II chaperonins, known as rosettasomes, which are two nine-membered rings composed of three different 60 kDa subunits (TF55 alpha, beta and gamma). We sequenced the gene for the gamma subunit and studied the temperature-dependent changes in alpha, beta and gamma expression, their association into rosettasomes and their phylogenetic relationships. Alpha and beta gene expression was increased by heat shock (30 min, 86°C) and decreased by cold shock (30 min, 60°C). Gamma expression was undetectable at heat shock temperatures and low at normal temperatures (75–79°C), but induced by cold shock. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis indicated that in vitro alpha and beta subunits form homo-oligomeric rosettasomes, and mixtures of alpha, beta and gamma form hetero-oligomeric rosettasomes. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that beta homo-oligomeric rosettasomes and all hetero-oligomeric rosettasomes associate into filaments. In vivo rosettasomes were hetero-oligomeric with an average subunit ratio of 1α:1β:0.1γ in cultures grown at 75°C, a ratio of 1α:3β:1γ in cultures grown at 60°C and a ratio of 2α:3β:0γ after 86°C heat shock. Using differential scanning calorimetry, we determined denaturation temperatures (Tm) for alpha, beta and gamma subunits of 95.7°C, 96.7°C and 80.5°C, respectively, and observed that rosettasomes containing gamma were relatively less stable than those with alpha and/or beta only. We propose that, in vivo, the rosettasome structure is determined by the relative abundance of subunits and not by a fixed geometry. Furthermore, phylogenetic analyses indicate that archaeal chaperonin subunits underwent multiple duplication events within species (paralogy). The independent evolution of these paralogues raises the possibility that chaperonins have functionally diversified between species.
Designation as “Unfit for Open Repair” Is Associated With Poor Outcomes After Endovascular Aortic Aneurysm Repair

Background—Endovascular aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR) is often offered to patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) considered preoperatively to be unfit for open AAA repair (oAAA). This study describes the short- and long-term outcomes of patients undergoing EVAR with AAAs <6.5 cm who are considered unfit for oAAA. Methods and Results—We analyzed elective EVARs for AAAs <6.5 cm diameter in the Vascular Study Group of New England (2003–2011). Patients were designated as fit or unfit for oAAA by the treating surgeon. End points included in-hospital major adverse events and long-term mortality. We identified patient characteristics associated with being unfit for open repair and predictors of survival using multivariable analyses. Of 1653 EVARs, 309 (18.7%) patients were deemed unfit for oAAA. These patients were more likely to have advanced age, cardiac disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and larger aneurysms at the time of repair (54 versus 56 mm, P=0.001). Patients unfit for oAAA had hi...
Intergenerational effects of prenatal ethanol on glucose tolerance and insulin response

Consequences of prenatal exposure to ethanol (E) include morphological, physiological, and cognitive deficits and are collectively classified as fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. Adult prenatal E e...
Commentary: The long and short of why taller people are healthier and live longer

Research on life course epidemiology and the fetal and childhood origins of chronic disease has grown steadily during the past two decades. It has long been observed that height, a stable marker of early childhood conditions, has a strong negative association with all-cause mortality but heterogeneous association with cause-specific mortality. In their meta-analysis, the Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration 1 provides one of the most systematic and comprehensive pieces of evidence of these associations to date, overall and for a large number of causes. These robust findings confirm what has been previously reported in single studies and systematic reviews (e.g. the negative association between height and coronary heart disease) and add clarity where results were previously discrepant (e.g. pancreatic cancer) or lacking (e.g. bladder cancer). The range of sensitivity analyses provided gives further confidence in the reported associations. A particularly noteworthy finding is that of similar associations for men and women, whereas previous studies found effect modification by gender. 2 Although income was not measured, and residual bias due to this and other omitted or poorly measured covariates are a concern, these findings are consistent with what we know: the association between height and morbidity/mortality is robust to adjustment, including adjustment for socioeconomic position. 3 The same has been found for the association between height and intergenerational outcomes, 4 although the association between height and non-health components of well-being may be largely explained by income and education. 5 In contrast, there is evidence that the association between traditional measures of socio-economic position and health outcomes is overestimated when height is not included in analytic models. 6
APPLICATION OF INTER–SIMPLE SEQUENCE REPEATS TO INSECT CELL LINES: IDENTIFICATION AT THE CLONAL AND TISSUE-SPECIFIC LEVEL*

Inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) primers designed to anneal to microsatellites were used to obtain deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) fingerprint profiles to distinguish among 16 established insect cell lines derived from an assortment of lepidopteran, dipteran, and coleopteran species. Three different levels of cell line comparison were made: (1) between parents and their clones, (2) among cell lines derived from different tissues from the same species, and (3) among cell lines derived from different insect species. Of the 16 repeat oligonucleotide primers used in this study, nine primers generated several unique markers to distinguish between parental cell lines and their clones. Four of the 16 primers also generated DNA profiles with a number of unique bands, enabling the distinction among cell lines derived from specific tissues from the same species. In addition, ISSR-generated DNA profiles provided the greatest number of unique markers to distinguish easily among insect cell lines derived from different species.
Wound healing goes green

Tissue engineering holds the potential to transform medicine through the creation of healthy tissues and organs that can replace or repair damaged body parts. However, a major challenge in the generation of large, complex tissues is maintenance of a sufficient supply of oxygen, which is required to
Dual Coordinate Descent Algorithms for Efficient Large Margin Structured Prediction

Due to the nature of complex NLP problems, structured prediction algorithms have been important modeling tools for a wide range of tasks. While there exists evidence showing that linear Structural Support Vector Machine (SSVM) algorithm performs better than structured Perceptron, the SSVM algorithm is still less frequently chosen in the NLP community because of its relatively slow training speed. In this paper, we propose a fast and easy-to-implement dual coordinate descent algorithm for SSVMs. Unlike algorithms such as Perceptron and stochastic gradient descent, our method keeps track of dual variables and updates the weight vector more aggressively. As a result, this training process is as efficient as existing online learning methods, and yet derives consistently better models, as evaluated on four benchmark NLP datasets for part-of-speech tagging, named-entity recognition and dependency parsing.
Mechanism of catalysis by eukaryotic DNA topoisomerase I.

The elucidation of the chemistry of the topo I reaction has provided the first example of how a phosphodiester bond in DNA can be temporarily broken and the energy for reclosure stored in a covalent linkage between the end of the broken strand and the enzyme (Champoux, 1977a, 1981). This type of reaction offers several advantages to the cell. First, unnecessary exposure of DNA ends to nucleolytic attack is prevented. Second, breakage and reclosure of DNA strands can occur without an expenditure of ATP energy. Third, the combined breakage and rejoining reactions can be both spatially and temporally coordinated with other cellular activities by regulating the activity of a single protein molecule. This general mechanism has not only been extended to type II topoisomerases (see Chapters 3 and 5), but also to the specialized single-stranded phage replication proteins (e.g., phi X174 gene A protein) (Ikeda et al., 1976; Eisenberg et al., 1977) and to site-specific recombinases such as the bacteriophage lambda integrase (Craig and Nash, 1983), the delta gamma and Tn3 resolvases (Reed, 1981; Reed and Grindley, 1981; Krasnow and Cozzarelli, 1983; Hatfull and Grindley, 1986), and the yeast 2-microns circle FLP recombinase (Andrews et al., 1985; Gronostajski and Sadowski, 1985). Since the site-specific recombinases attach the broken strand to a different terminus rather than simply restoring the original phosphodiester bond as conventional topoisomerases do, they have been referred to as DNA strand transferases. It is conceivable that a similar mechanism applies to the rearrangement of immunoglobulin genes (Schatz et al., 1990) and to other specific genomic rearrangements that might occur during development (Matsuoka et al., 1991).
Gender, race, BMI, and social support in relation to the health-related quality of life of cancer survivors: a report from the American Cancer Society’s Study of Cancer Survivors II (SCS-II)

We examined the main and interactive effects of race, BMI, and social support on physical and mental health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among male and female cancer survivors using the stress and coping theory to inform findings. HRQoL issues among 1768 cancer survivors were examined using the American Cancer Society’s cross-sectional Study of Cancer Survivors II. Two-step multiple linear regressions were conducted to assess the physical and mental HRQoL of male and female cancer survivors, respectively. The average age of participants was 67.36 (SD = 11.51); the majority were female (53.3 %; n = 941) and non-Hispanic White (85.9 %; n = 1517). The average BMI measurement for participants was 28.33 (SD = 5.90), with 41.3 % (n = 729) overweight and 30.3 % (n = 535) obese. Higher BMI was significantly associated with lower physical HRQoL across gender, while social support had significant main effects on physical and mental HRQoL across gender. Race moderated the relationship between social support and physical HRQoL among female cancer survivors and between BMI and mental HRQoL for both genders. The results of this study contribute a unique gender- and racial-specific perspective to cancer survivorship research. While the buffering hypothesis of the stress and coping theory was not supported, the main effects of BMI and social support on HRQoL were different across gender and race.
On the regularity of solutions to the Beltrami equation in the plane

AbstractWe obtain interior estimates on regularity of solutions to the inhomogeneous Beltrami equation in the plane, namely when h and the coefficients and are Dini continuous; the coefficients satisfy an ellipticity condition .
Sprint: The Residential Long-Distance Market

This case describes the evolution of the consumer-long-distance market from 1980 through 1995. It affords students an opportunity to evaluate the effectiveness of the various customer-acquisition and -retention strategies used by AT&T, MCI, and Sprint.
Reconceiving the Family: Partners, Care givers, and the Constitutional Substance of Parenthood

The American Law Institute's Principles of the Law of Family Dissolution proposes to redefine legal parenthood. Among other innovations, the Principles would recognize some persons as "parents" on the basis of long-term care-giving, even without biological or adoptive ties to the child, and would allow for the possibility that a child might at once have multiple parents based on biology, adoption, and care-giving. This essay, written as a chapter in a book evaluating the ALI Principles, considers possible constitutional objections to state redefinitions of parenthood. It contends that the Constitution imposes meaningful limitations on the states' freedom to constrict the boundaries of parenthood in a way that would exclude traditional parent figures. Yet, at the same time, it contends that the Constitution is more tolerant than many suppose of initiatives to extend parent status to non-traditional care givers. The article concludes that the ALI's proposals - which would extend parenthood to additional claimants without withdrawing parent status from more traditional figures - should therefore be deemed constitutional.
Color Variation and Molt in Mormoops megalophylla

Collections of Mormoops megalophylla senicula (Rehn), made at Frio Cave, 9 mi. S Concan, Uvalde Co., Texas, have provided a basis for the following review of color variation and molt in this form. Comparative specimens from within the range of Mormoops m. megalophylla Peters are considered of passing interest. It is not the intent of this paper to contest or confirm the taxonomic status of these forms, although indications are that this group deserves further taxonomic consideration. Therefore, the term senicula is used for convenience only, and the color descriptions must be considered primarily those derived from specimens collected at a single locality. Moreover, evidence suggests that ammonia fumes in Frio Cave bleach the pelage of two other species, so color values assigned here may not be applicable elsewhere. The author has presented evidence in a previous paper (Jour. Mamm., 38: 461–466, 1957) that adult Tadarida brasiliensis mexicana (Saussure) and Myotis velifer incautus (J. A. Allen) undergo a single molt each year, at which time an apparently faded coat is replaced by a darker, fresh coat. The same may be true of Mormoops , but in the absence of year-round collections, this cannot be substantiated. Therefore, for convenience …
Development of a Novel Ice Sensing and Active De-icing Method for Wind Turbines

The best wind resources in terms of high wind speeds are often located in cold wet regions where atmospheric icing is likely on the blades of wind turbines. Icing can cause several problems for the operation of wind turbines in cold climates such as (1) reducing the energy production by lowering the aerodynamic eciency of the rotor, (2) reducing the life expectancy of the turbine by increasing the fatigue on the structure, and (3) representing a risk for people and properties around the turbine. Current de-icing systems for wind turbines largely originate from the aircraft industry, and only a very few tests have been performed so far to optimize their design for wind turbines. Thus, much work remains to be done to develop more satisfactory methods for preventing ice and de-icing for wind turbines. We aim to develop new techniques of rapid and accurate ice detection and de-icing to reduce both the operating cost and energy consumption of anti-icing and de-icing. In this paper, we begin with a tutorial and literature survey on de-icing of wind turbines. We then discuss the advantages and disadvantages of dierent methods of active de-icing systems on wind turbines, calculate heat ux requirements of de-icing systems (blade thermodynamics) and relate our results to wind turbine energy protability. Finally we will demonstrate an accurate and direct on-the-blade ice detection technique utilizing optical frequency-domain reectometry(OFDR ) to yield (a) ice thickness measurement within micron accuracy as well as (b)an identication of the type of ice present.
Robust Finite Difference Time Domain Modeling Interface

Three dimensional finite difference time domain modeling (FDTD) has been used for many years in engineering and Earth science applications. The earlier versions were fraught with problems and limitations, including an inability to be used for modeling a broad range of frequencies, difficulty modeling large physical property contrasts between grid cells, and no ability to vary the grid size within the model. The OSU code developed in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering (ESL) utilizes an established finite difference time domain (FDTD) approach, with perfectly matched outer boundaries. Therefore, we call our code the PML FDTD algorithm, or simply the PFDTD code. The code has evolved over the years to solve most of the pitfalls of earlier FDTD codes utilizing other types of absorbing boundaries. Our code has been tested over a frequency range from 500 kHz to 2 GHz, and a wide range of conductivities and permittivities. It is ideal for accurate forward modeling of complex subsurface geologic targets. This paper addresses one of the fundamental problems of implementing complex three dimensional modeling schemes, namely the problem of easily assigning physical properties to different parts of the model for input and displaying the three dimensional output of the model. Ideally, we would like to utilize the same graphical interface for: 1) model input, 2) model output, and the display of field data. A graphical interface engine has been developed to overcome the fundamental problem encountered in 3D modeling and display; generating a usable model and displaying the output with ease. The interface utilizes IDL graphical software. The graphical interface enables the user to easily build or edit a model. The modeling interface generates values that can be directly input to the PFDTD modeling routine, and the IDL code is set up so that it can transfer input parameters to the PFDTD code directly. The IDL-based GUI can also be used in a multi-run mode, whereby sequential runs can be submitted to the PFDTD code, with each run modified with a different spatial distribution of electrical properties or a different input frequency.
Accumulation of smooth cisterns, multivesicular bodies and "zebra" bodies in neurons. A case of peculiar storage condition.

The ultrastructural and biochemical study of cerebral and liver biopsies from a two-year-old boy with 20 month history of psychomotor retardation, hypotonia and hyporeflexia is presented. Although the case cannot be considered, at the present time, as a separate entity in view of the failure of the biochemical studies of identifying the stored material, the ultrastructural features, which include clustered agranular cisterns of endoplasmic reticulum and numerous multivesicular bodies and “zebra” bodies in neurons, indicate a storage disorder morphologically different from those reported to date. In the present case, morphological and cytochemical findings suggest that the agranular endoplasmic reticulum may give trise to multivesicular bodies which, in turn, may become dense bodies and “zebra” bodies.
Comparison of the efficacy of immunosuppressive regimens on orthotopic heart allografts.

The immunologic problems in heart transplantation are a challenge that must be overcome to prolong survival of transplant recipients. We have conducted a study on the effects on survival of several immunologic regimens in dogs. These included various combinations of azathioprine, prednisolone, dipyridamole, cyclophosphamide, antilymphocyte serum (ALS), and thymectomy. The dogs were divided into a control group and eight treatment groups. The best survival record was attained by the animals that were treated with a combination of azathioprine and prednisolone, with or without dipyridamole.
Research report: A detailed examination of treatment procedures of whites and blacks in hospitals

Abstract A study based on a sample of 152, 625 patients discharged during January through June, 1968, from small, medium, and large Professional Activity Study hospitals in four PAS defined regions of the United States was done. This Study attempted to investigate possible differences in treatment of Whites and Blacks in hospitals by using fifteen hospital procedures (variables) as comparative arguments of treatment. Two-by-two tables and chi-square test of significance at the 0·05 level were used for the statistical analysis. Hospitals were compared by the following sizes: 1–99 beds, 100–399 beds, 400+ beds. Hospitals were also compared by the following PAS defined regions: East, Midwest, South, and West. Many significant differences in medical treatment were determined. Appropriate tables, descriptive writing and conclusions were made.
α1-Adrenergic regulation of Cl− and Ca2+ movements in rat parotid acinar cells

In rat parotid acinar cells, maximal α1-adrenergic receptor stimulation (10−5 M epinephrine +10−5 M propranolol) leads to a rapid (<10 s), 4–5-fold elevation in cytosolic Ca2+ (∼ 800 nM at peak) which decreases to ∼ 50% of peak Ca2+ by 3–4 min. Similarly, cells preloaded with36Cl− show a rapid (<10 s) 35–50% loss of36Cl− which returns to ∼80% of resting values in 3–4 min. Both responses are dependent on epinephrine, with half-maximal effects achieved at 2×10−7 M and 2×10−6 M agonist for Cl− and Ca2+, respectively. In the presence of low extracellular Ca2+ (i.e. with EGTA), the initial rapid changes in cellular Ca2+ and Cl− are unaltered. However, cellular Ca2+ and Cl− levels return to basal values sooner than when extracellular Ca2+ is present (within ∼2 and 3 min, respectively). Maximal epinephrine-induced Ca2+ and Cl− responses are unaffected by the α2-adrenergic antagonist, yohimbine, are completely blocked by the α1-adrenergic antagonist, SZL-49, and are similar to ion fluxes induced by maximal muscarinic-cholinergic receptor stimulation (10−5 M carbachol). The data suggest that a close association exists between mobilization of intracellular Ca2+ and Cl− content in rat parotid acinar cells after α1-adrenocetor stimulation.
Total recognition discriminability in Huntington’s and Alzheimer’s disease

Both the original and second editions of the California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT) provide an index of total recognition discriminability (TRD) but respectively utilize nonparametric and parametric formulas to compute the index. However, the degree to which population differences in TRD may vary across applications of these nonparametric and parametric formulas has not been explored. We evaluated individuals with Huntington's disease (HD), individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD), healthy middle-aged adults, and healthy older adults who were administered the CVLT-II. Yes/no recognition memory indices were generated, including raw nonparametric TRD scores (as used in CVLT-I) and raw and standardized parametric TRD scores (as used in CVLT-II), as well as false positive (FP) rates. Overall, the patient groups had significantly lower TRD scores than their comparison groups. The application of nonparametric and parametric formulas resulted in comparable effect sizes for all group comparisons on raw TRD scores. Relative to the HD group, the AD group showed comparable standardized parametric TRD scores (despite lower raw nonparametric and parametric TRD scores), whereas the previous CVLT literature has shown that standardized TRD scores are lower in AD than in HD. Possible explanations for the similarity in standardized parametric TRD scores in the HD and AD groups in the present study are discussed, with an emphasis on the importance of evaluating TRD scores in the context of other indices such as FP rates in an effort to fully capture recognition memory function using the CVLT-II.
Clinical Outcome Prediction Using Single-Cell Data

Single-cell technologies like flow cytometry (FCM) provide valuable biological data for knowledge discovery in complex cellular systems like tissues and organs. FCM data contains multi-dimensional information about the cellular heterogeneity of intricate cellular systems. It is possible to correlate single-cell markers with phenotypic properties of those systems. Cell population identification and clinical outcome prediction from single-cell measurements are challenging problems in the field of single cell analysis. In this paper, we propose a hybrid learning approach to predict clinical outcome using samples’ single-cell FCM data. The proposed method is efficient in both i) identification of cellular clusters in each sample’s FCM data and ii) predict clinical outcome (healthy versus unhealthy) for each subject. Our method is robust and the experimental results indicate promising performance.
RTOG 9804: A prospective randomized trial for "good risk" ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), comparing radiation (RT) to observation (OBS)

1004 Background: Whole breast RT following conservation surgery (BCS) for low risk DCIS has remained controversial despite several large trials comparing RT to OBS, all showing significant benefit in local control with RT. RTOG 9804 compares RT to OBS for mammographically detected disease, of low or intermediate nuclear grade, <2.5 cm size, and surgical margins ≥ 3 mm. Tamoxifen (TAM) use for 5 years was allowed but not required. Methods: The primary endpoint was ipsilateral breast local failure (LF). LF and contralateral breast failures (CBF) were estimated by the cumulative incidence method and treatment arms compared by log-rank test. Disease-free (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method and treatment arms compared by log-rank test. Patients were stratified by age, margin width, grade, TAM use, and primary size. With 1790 patients, 80% power and using a 2-sided log rank test at 0.05, the study was designed to detect a reduction in 5-year local recurrence from 6% to 3.5%...
418. Effective Treatment of Oligometastatic Melanoma Using Combination VSV Viroimmunotherapy and Stereotactic Radiotherapy

Oligometastatic (OM) disease represents an intermediate stage of progression between fully systemic metastasized disease and localized tumor burden. Clinical data is emerging that patients with OM are potentially curable, in part because of advances in the precision of radiation therapy treatment, and in part because of advances in the efficacy of immunotherapy on low burden systemic disease. We developed a model of OM melanoma by challenging mice both locally (subcutaneous injection) and systemically (intravenous injection) with B16 melanoma cells, resulting in both local tumor burden and a small number of prominent, systemically distributed lung metastases. We used this model to investigate whether systemic viroimmunotherapy, using Vesicular Stomatitis Virus (VSV) expressing tumor associated antigens to treat low level metastatic tumor burden, could be combined with clinically relevant stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) to treat advanced local disease. In this respect, mice treated with only one treatment modality (systemic VSV-TAA, or local SBRT) needed to be sacrificed reproducibly due to progression of the untreated disease (local tumor or systemic metastatic disease, respectively). In contrast, mice treated with a combination of VSV-TAA and SBRT entered long-term remission resulting in apparent cure of tumor in up to 100% of mice depending upon the experiment. Increased lymphocyte, and CD45+ leukocyte infiltration was observed in tumors following both SBRT and VSV therapy 6-10 days following therapy. Experiments to delineate the role of immune cell subsets in the successful therapy are underway. In a significant proportion of mice, systemic VSV-TAA therapy was able to control local tumor, provided it was small at the start of therapy. SBRT was rarely able to have an impact upon the treatment of metastatic disease suggesting that, in this model, radiotherapy was not the dominant immunotherapy. However, treating mice with VSV-TAA was able to stimulate a detectable anti-tumor T-cell IFN-γ memory response. We plan to further investigate the immunogenicity of VSV-TAA treatment in the context of SBRT as part of a prime-boost immunotherapy strategy for OM disease. Therefore, we have developed a successful therapeutic regime to treat oligometastic disease that combines both radiotherapy to treat local disease, and systemic viroimmunotherapy to treat low-level metastatic disease and further studies to potentiate the anti-tumor effector response in vivo are in progress.
“Am I Doing This Right?”: A Qualitative Exploration of How College Men Make Meaning of Gendered Expectations

Existing scholarship illustrates a rather consistent picture of how cisgender collegiate men understand what it means to be a man in college. Less is known, however, about how these college men make sense of such expectations. This qualitative study examined the ways in which meaning-making capacities influenced how participants made meaning and interacted with gendered expectations. Our results indicate a clear understanding of how participants define the external expectations of gender in college. How participants were influenced by these expectations was largely dependent on meaning-making capacities. We offer three developmental phases that capture how participants made sense of gendered expectations: passive constructions, reactionary constructions, and movement toward proactive constructions.
Alternant Bond Distances in Octaethylporphyrin π-Cation Radicals

The possible appearance and nature of alternant bond distance patterns in the inner 16-membered ring of several octaethylporphyrin π-cation radicals has been investigated. This study was made possible by recognizing an unexpected solvent system, namely dichloromethane/chloroform, even though the π-cation species have extremely limited solubility in chloroform. A total of six [M(OEP•)]+ derivatives were studied by single-crystal X-ray structure determinations. Two new zinc derivatives display, quantitatively, the same alternant pattern observed previously. A new nickel complex shows a smaller but now probably significant alternant pattern. However, a copper derivative, independently analyzed twice, shows no evidence for an alternant pattern. The importance of ring–ring interactions on the energy of the top two orbitals is shown by two distinct magnesium derivatives. The derivative with strongly overlapped rings displays an alternant bond distance pattern, whereas the other, with a modestly overlapped ring pair, does not. This suggests the importance of strong ring–ring interactions in leading to a pseudo-Jahn-Teller state; this hypothesis is also supported by other prior results.
‘There’s stuff that comes with being an unexpected guest’: experiences of trans* academics with microaggressions

AbstractHistorically, minority stress theory focused on the experiences of ‘sexual minorities;’ this study extends minority stress theory to understand the unique stressors that trans* individuals face in academic workplaces. Using interview data from 10 trans* college and university faculty, I fill a noted gap in the literature and examined the unique stressors that these faculty faced within the academy. In this study, microaggressions, a kind of minoritized stress, included: (mis)recognition, including misgendering and mispronouning, being an impossible person, and tokenization. Additionally, trans* faculty reported strategies to resist these stressors. These findings suggest that trans* academics navigate hostile academic work environments and experience minoritized stress deriving from their minoritized gender identities. Implications for research indicate that addressing the personal and professional consequences of minoritized stressors is an important step in understanding how microaggressions aff...
Monica Lewinsky and Shame: 1998 Newspaper Framing of “That Woman”

This study examines mainstream newspaper coverage of Monica Lewinsky in 1998, the year her relationship with President Bill Clinton came to public light. It highlights how a private citizen became ...
Humanization of Decision Support for Managing U.S. Grain (Soybean and Corn) Production

Abstract Agriculturally related discussions are included on: 1. Status of decision support systems (DSS), 2. Humanization of information transfer, 3. Methods for evaluating critical success factors (CSF), 4. Ranked CSF areas, 5. Projected DSS process related to best management practices (BMPs), 6. Environmental stewardship and sustainability.
0378 Occupational pm2.5 exposures and pulmonary function decline: an application of the parametric g-formula in a us aluminium industry cohort

Workers in the aluminium industry are widely exposed to particulate matter (PM) during several stages in the manufacturing process at exposure concentrations several orders of magnitude higher than environmental standards. In this study we investigate the relationship between occupational exposures to fine particulate matter (with an aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 µm PM 2.5 ) in a cohort of aluminium workers, while adjusting for the time varying confounding by underlying health status, characteristic of the healthy worker survivor effect. To address this time-varying confounding, we applied the parametric g-formula to longitudinal pulmonary function data from 5271 actively employed aluminium workers in the United States followed between 1996 and 2013. We adjusted for time-varying health status using a composite risk score based on health insurance claims. We simulated values for forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV 1 ) between ages 18 and 63, under hypothetical interventions on exposures to PM 2.5 ; we then compared the trajectory of FEV1 decline with age under each intervention to the observed natural course (that was actually observed). Under a hypothetical intervention limit for annual average daily exposures to PM2.5 of 175 μg/m 3 (corresponding to the 25 th percentile of observed exposures), the average FEV 1 at age 63 was 37.1 mL higher (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.8, 72.4) than that actually observed, corresponding to 1.2% of the average predicted FEV 1 . Our results suggest that occupational PM 2.5 exposure in the aluminium industry accelerates FEV 1 decline. Regulatory measures may mitigate loss of pulmonary function over time in the industry.
Machinery that guides immunity

The peptide-loading complex is key to the initiation of an immune response that raises killer T cells in vertebrates. Its structure has now been determined, and might provide information that improves immune protection. The peptide-loading complex is key to the initiation of an immune response that raises killer T cells in vertebrates. Its structure has now been determined, and might provide information that improves immune protection.
Strike Debt’s Rolling Jubilee: The Promise and the Performativity of Financial Contracts

With their Rolling Jubilee campaign of debt forgiveness, the group Strike Debt restored the behavior of finance capitalists to reveal vulnerabilities in the financial system’s continuous exchange o...
Personal Behavior Change Projects: Implementation and Evaluation

(1977). Personal Behavior Change Projects: Implementation and Evaluation. Health Education: Vol. 8, No. 5, pp. 22-23.
Ethical Practices, Institutional Oversight, and Enforcement: United States Perspectives

Research ethics committees (RECs) are committees that review proposals to conduct research involving human subjects to assure that it will be performed in compliance with relevant legal and ethical standards. In the United States, where these committees are called institutional review boards (IRBs), their review and approval is required by law for all research that is either supported with federal funds or subject to regulation by the Food and Drug Administration. Most institutions voluntarily extend the requirement for IRB review to all research involving human subjects. IRB membership must include no fewer than 5 persons, both men and women, at least one nonscientist and at least one individual who has no connection with the institution apart from such membership. Historically, IRBs were located in the institution in which the research was carried out. In recent years there has been an increasing number of ‘noninstitutional’ review boards (also called ‘central’ review boards); whether review by such boards is sufficient to accomplish the purposes of IRB review is controversial. Resolution of this and other controversies about the quality of IRB performance is very difficult owing to a lack of widely accepted standards for the evaluation of IRB performance.
Límites e interfaces de Chachapoyas en la región Rodríguez De Mendoza

Chachapoyas was one of the largest prehispanic cultures located in the eastern montane forest. The location on the interface of Andean and Amazonian environments gave middle-man status in trading important exotic goods withneighbors. The nature of the interface with the Chachapoyanos eastern neighbors speaks to important aspects of Chachapoya identity in the past. If Chachapoyas was an extension of highland cultural hegemony, then the eastern Chachapoyas interface may have been an important location for boundary maintenance between «Andean» and «Amazonian» peoples. Conversely, the Chachapoya may have been a bridge society that facilitated interaction by presenting a mutually intelligible venue for exchange. The LIP sites in the Mendoza region share many characteristics with typical Chachapoya sites: settlement pattern; pottery styles; and mortuary style, but Mendoza sites lack elaboration of household architecture, such as cornices, friezes, tenon heads, or platform bases, and these sites do not have the same density of stone constructions as documented at most “Classic” Chachapoya sites. This article reviews survey of Mendoza area habitation sites, mortuary sites, and pathways of movement as part of a network of local, regional, and interregional connections to consider what Mendoza sites can tell us about the construction of what was «Chachapoyas.»
A Sparse Tableau Formulation for Node-Breaker Representations in Security-Constrained Optimal Power Flow

Realistic representations of contingencies in AC optimal power flow (ACOPF) often challenge traditional bus-branch network models. Derived from nodal analysis, such approaches represent network constraints in terms of the familiar bus admittance matrix, $Y_{\text{bus}}$ . A fixed $Y_{\text{bus}}$ is unable to represent common circuit breaker actions such as bus splitting. Work-arounds for $Y_{\text{bus}}$ -based analysis typically rely on topology processing, switching between different $Y_{\text{bus}}$ matrices depending on breaker settings. In this paper, we propose a very general node-breaker approach, employing multi-port element models and using a sparse tableau formulation (STF) for network constraints. Instead of treating breaker action as altering network topology, and hence changing the structure of Kirchhoff's voltage law (KVL) and Kirchhoff's current law (KCL) equations, this approach represents a breaker's position as impacting only constraints associated with a single component, thereby maintaining fixed structure in the KVL and KCL constraints. While larger numbers of variables are required, STF proves sparser than $Y_{\text{bus}}$ formulations. Numerical case studies herein demonstrate that STF provides computational efficiency comparable to a $Y_{\text{bus}}$ -based ACOPF at the scale of several hundred buses, and lower computational cost in an example of over one thousand buses.
Quantifying the costs and profitability of care for diabetic foot ulcers treated in a multidisciplinary setting.

Abstract Objective Increasing Wound, Ischemia, and foot Infection (WIfI) stage has previously been shown to be associated with prolonged wound healing time, higher number of surgical procedures, and increased cost of care in patients with diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) treated in a multidisciplinary setting. However, the profitability of this care model is unknown. We aimed to quantify the hospital costs and net margins associated with multidisciplinary DFU care. Methods All patients presenting to our multidisciplinary diabetic limb preservation service (January 2012-June 2016) were enrolled in a prospective database. Inpatient and outpatient costs and net margin (U.S. dollars) were calculated for each wound episode (initial visit until complete wound healing) overall and per day of care according to WIfI classification. Results A total of 319 wound episodes in 248 patients were captured. Patients required an average of 2.6 ± 0.2 inpatient admissions and 0.9 ± 0.1 outpatient procedures to achieve complete healing. Limb salvage at 1 year was 95.0% ± 2.4%. The overall mean cost of care per wound episode was $24,226 ± $2176, including $41,420 ± $3318 for inpatient admissions and $11,265 ± $1038 for outpatient procedures. The mean net margin was $2412 ± $375 per wound episode, including $5128 ± $622 for inpatient admissions and a net loss ($−3730 ± $596) for outpatient procedures. Mean time to wound healing was 136.3 ± 7.9 days, ranging from 106.5 ± 13.1 days for WIfI stage 1 wounds to 229.5 ± 20.0 days for WIfI stage 4 wounds (P Conclusions The costs associated with multidisciplinary DFU care are substantial, especially with advanced-stage wounds. Whereas hospitals can operate at a profit overall, the net margins associated with outpatient procedures performed in a hospital-based facility are prohibitive, and the overall net margins are relatively low, given the labor required to achieve good outcomes. Thus, reimbursement for the multidisciplinary care of DFUs should be re-examined.