cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Hardware Efficient Support Vector Machine Architecture for FPGA

In real-time video mining applications it is desirable to extract information about human subjects, such as gender, ethnicity, and age, from grayscale frontal face images. Many algorithms have been developed in the machine learning, statistical data mining, and pattern classification communities that perform such tasks with remarkable accuracy. Many of these algorithms, however, when implemented in software, suffer poor frame rates due to the amount and complexity of the computation involved. This paper presents an FPGA friendly implementation of a Gaussian Radial Basis SVM well suited to classification of grayscale images. We identify a novel optimization of the SVM formulation that dramatically reduces the computational inefficiency of the algorithm. The implementation achieves 88.6% detection accuracy in gender classification which is to the same degree of accuracy of software implementations using the same classification mechanism.
Crisis and Bankruptcy: The Mediating Role of State Law, 1920–1932

The onset of the Great Depression did not spark a surge in personal bankruptcy. For debtors in default, state garnishment law played a significant role in the decision to file for bankruptcy. Only states that made it easy to garnish a debtor's wages experienced significant increases in bankruptcy as a consequence of the Depression.
Hsp70 mutant proteins modulate additional apoptotic pathways and improve cell survival

Although wild-type Hsp70 (Hsp70WT) inhibits procaspase-3 processing by preventing apoptosome formation, Hsp70WT does not block active caspase-3. Because all caspase-3 inhibitors bear canonical DXXD caspase-3 recognition motifs, we determined whether mutated Hsp70s with caspase-binding motifs act as direct caspase-3 inhibitors. Based on Hsp70 molecular modeling, the DNQP, DEVQ, and EEVD regions localized on the surface of Hsp70WT were chosen, allowing us to design mutants while trying to avoid disrupting the global fold of the molecule and losing the possibility of protein-protein interactions. We replaced DNQP with DQMD, and DEVQ and EEVD with DEVD residues that should be optimal substrates for caspase-3. The resultant Hsp70 mutants directly interacted with active caspase-3 and blocked its proteolytic activity while retaining the ability to reverse protein denaturation and disrupt the interaction between Apaf-1 and procaspase-9. The Hsp70C-terminal mutants interacted with Apaf-1 and active caspase-3 significantly longer than Hsp70WT. The Hsp70 DXXD mutants protected neuron and teratocarcinoma (NT) cells against cell death much better than Hsp70WT whether given before or after serum withdrawal. Hsp70 mutants represent a possible approach to antiapoptotic biotherapeutics. Similar rational designs could be used to engineer inhibitors of additional caspase family members.
Shock Tube Diagnostics Utilizing Laser Raman Scattering

The application of the spontaneous laser Raman technique in the experimental analysis of temperature and specie concentration in an ionizing gas, using a high power Q-switched ruby laser, has been investigated. This technique is used as the diagnostic tool for the determination of flowfield conditions behind the reflected shock produced in a shock tube. Specie concentration and temperature of molecular nitrogen and singly ionized molecular nitrogen is obtained at hypersonic velocities. Comparison of the experimental data with theoretically derived results exhibits acceptable agreement for moderate temperatures behind the reflected shock. However, the significant data deviation from the mean also indicated that the experiment was operated near the limits of applicability for the spontaneous Raman technique. Other possible diagnostic techniques for use in this region are discussed.
Automated prediction of CASP-5 structures using the Robetta server.

Robetta is a fully automated protein structure prediction server that uses the Rosetta fragment-insertion method. It combines template-based and de novo structure prediction methods in an attempt to produce high quality models that cover every residue of a submitted sequence. The first step in the procedure is the automatic detection of the locations of domains and selection of the appropriate modeling protocol for each domain. For domains matched to a homolog with an experimentally characterized structure by PSI-BLAST or Pcons2, Robetta uses a new alignment method, called K*Sync, to align the query sequence onto the parent structure. It then models the variable regions by allowing them to explore conformational space with fragments in fashion similar to the de novo protocol, but in the context of the template. When no structural homolog is available, domains are modeled with the Rosetta de novo protocol, which allows the full length of the domain to explore conformational space via fragment-insertion, producing a large decoy ensemble from which the final models are selected. The Robetta server produced quite reasonable predictions for targets in the recent CASP-5 and CAFASP-3 experiments, some of which were at the level of the best human predictions.
System IDentification Programs for AirCraft (SIDPAC)

A collection of computer programs for aircraft system identification is described and demonstrated. The programs, collectively called System IDentification Programs for AirCraft, or SIDPAC, were developed in MATLAB as m-file functions. SIDPAC has been used successfully at NASA Langley Research Center with data from many different flight test programs and wind tunnel experiments. SIDPAC includes routines for experiment design, data conditioning, data compatibility analysis, model structure determination, equation-error and output-error parameter estimation in both the time and frequency domains, real-time and recursive parameter estimation, low order equivalent system identification, estimated parameter error calculation, linear and nonlinear simulation, plotting, and 3-D visualization. An overview of SIDPAC capabilities is provided, along with a demonstration of the use of SIDPAC with real flight test data from the NASA Glenn Twin Otter aircraft. The SIDPAC software is available without charge to U.S. citizens by request to the author, contingent on the requestor completing a NASA software usage agreement.
The End of Globalization: Why Global Strategy Is a Myth & How to Profit from the Realities of Regional Markets

The article reviews the book “The End of Globalization: Why Global Strategy Is a Myth and How to Profit from the Realities of Regional Markets,” by Alan Rugman.
Vitamin D side chain triazole analogs via cycloaddition `click' chemistry

Abstract Cycloaddition of a vitamin D side chain terminal acetylene with phenyl azide and separately with a vitamin D side chain terminal azide produced the corresponding 1,2,3-triazole monomeric and dimeric analogs of 1α-hydroxyvitamin D 3 in good yields.
Observations on the calculation of thyroid weight, using empirical formulae.

THE importance of knowledge of the weight of the thyroid gland in the estimation of the amount of radioactive iodine to be given for therapy of hyperthyroidism has resulted in attempts to develop objective methods for weight evaluation. In this hospital the tr∧roid gland has been outlined according to previously reported methods (1, 2, 3), using a motor-driven directional scintillation counter. From the resultant outline, variously named gammagram or scintogram, the weight of the thyroid has been calculated. This method of calculation has been reported (1) to be accurate within 10 per cent. The weight calculation is made according to the empirical equation: K is a constant supposedly relating the height of a lobe to its' third dimensional projection, taking into account the density of thyroid tissue. It is assumed: a) the height is proportional to the size of the gland; b) the surface area (in the anterior projection) is proportional to the size of the gland; or c) their product is proportional to the siz...
Using Technology To Facilitate Evaluation.

The use of technology can help streamline and improve teaching evaluation as long as we ensure that basic principles of good practice are upheld.
Components of Good Advising: Differences in Faculty and Student Perceptions

An advising survey identified differences between faculty and student perceptions of “good” advising. According to the survey, students rely more on printed information and friends than on academic...
Effect of Mixing on Hydrocarbon and Carbon Monoxide Emissions Prediction for Isooctane HCCI Engine Combustion Using a Multi-zone Detailed Kinetics Solver

This research investigates how the handling of mixing and heat transfer in a multi-zone kinetic solver affects the prediction of carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon emissions for simulations of HCCI engine combustion. A detailed kinetics multi-zone model is now more closely coordinated with the KIVA3V computational fluid dynamics code for simulation of the compression and expansion processes. The fluid mechanics is solved with high spatial and temporal resolution (40,000 cells). The chemistry is simulated with high temporal resolution, but low spatial resolution (20 computational zones). This paper presents comparison of simulation results using this enhanced multi-zone model to experimental data from an isooctane HCCI engine. The chemical kinetics part of the simulation is handled using the multi-zone segregated solver method developed previously, but now KIVA3V is used to handle the fluid dynamics (convection, mass diffusion and heat transfer) for the entire compression and expansion processes. The results show that carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon emissions may be greatly influenced by the mixing and heat transfer during expansion. The prediction of HC and CO is significantly improved by inclusion of these effects in the simulation.
Intertemporal Behavior and Household Structure

In this paper, the traditional household Euler equations are estimated for singles and separately for couples. Using the CEX and the PSID, I reject the Euler equations of couples, but I cannot reject the Euler equations of singles. To rationalize this result, I develop an intertemporal model with two features. First, household members are represented using individual preferences. Second, household members cannot commit to future allocations of resources. It is shown that an excess sensitivity test should generally reject the household Euler equations of couples, but not of singles. A test is then derived to evaluate the explanation given in this paper against alternative hypotheses using a proportionality condition which is specific to the intertemporal model introduced here. I cannot reject the rationalization provided in this paper.
Shapelet analysis of pupil dilation for modeling visuo-cognitive behavior in screening mammography

Our objective is to improve understanding of visuo-cognitive behavior in screening mammography under clinically equivalent experimental conditions. To this end, we examined pupillometric data, acquired using a head-mounted eye-tracking device, from 10 image readers (three breast-imaging radiologists and seven Radiology residents), and their corresponding diagnostic decisions for 100 screening mammograms. The corpus of mammograms comprised cases of varied pathology and breast parenchymal density. We investigated the relationship between pupillometric fluctuations, experienced by an image reader during mammographic screening, indicative of changes in mental workload, the pathological characteristics of a mammographic case, and the image readers’ diagnostic decision and overall task performance. To answer these questions, we extract features from pupillometric data, and additionally applied time series shapelet analysis to extract discriminative patterns in changes in pupil dilation. Our results show that pupillometric measures are adequate predictors of mammographic case pathology, and image readers’ diagnostic decision and performance with an average accuracy of 80%.
Fuzzy Logic System Approach for Quantifying Risk Associated with the Installation of Trenchless Technologies

Any trenchless installation project is associated with some level of risk. Conventional risk assessment approach quantifies risk as a product of likelihood and severity of risk, and does not consider the interrelation among different risk input variables. However, in real life installation projects the input factors are interconnected, somewhat overlapped, and exist with fuzziness or vagueness. Fuzzy logic system surpasses this shortcoming and delivers the output through a process of fuzzification, fuzzy inference, fuzzy rules, and defuzzification. In this study, site condition, geological condition, installing geometry (IG), project contract, and trenchless method are addressed as input variables that cause significant risk in the installation of trenchless technologies. It is assumed that input variables are trapezoidal and output variables are triangular fuzzy membership functions. Furthermore, input members are classified as poor, average, and good; whereas, output members are classified as low, medium, and high risk. The fuzzy rules governing the input-output relationship are if-and-then as well as if-or-then. The resulting risk score is observed on a scale of 0 to 7. It is found that the risk score/ranking decreases while the input variables gradually proceed from poor to good. Thus, this paper proposes a novel approach towards the analysis and assessment of risk associated with the installation of trenchless technologies using a fuzzy logic system model.
Large-scale liquid scintillation detectors for solar neutrinos

Large-scale liquid scintillation detectors are capable of providing spectral yields of the low energy solar neutrinos. These detectors require > 100 tons of liquid scintillator with high optical and radiopurity. In this paper requirements for low-energy neutrino detection by liquid scintillation are specified and the procedures to achieve low backgrounds in large-scale liquid scintillation detectors for solar neutrinos are reviewed. The designs, operations and achievements of Borexino, KamLAND and SNO+ in measuring the low-energy solar neutrino fluxes are reviewed.
AUTOMATED RELIABILITY MODEL CONSTRUCTION

A computer-based system for performing automated system reliability analyses of fault tolerant systems using a Markov modelling approach has been described previously[l]. That system features a flexible user-interface, allowing the description of system components and their interconnectivity, component level failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA), multiple performance levels, and other information through a graphical user-interface. From these inputs the system constructs a fault-occurrence Markov model, automatically carrying out system level FMEA and applying state aggregation and model truncation rules to arrive at a bounded prediction of system reliability. In this paper an expanded version of the automated reliability analysis tool is described. Expanded features include the capability for hierarchical system description, the ability to handle coverage at the component and system level, the ability to model simple repairs, and the ability to handle components with spares. Also, the user-interface has been enhanced to further facilitate the entering of the system description and the inspection of the computerconstructed Markov model. In order to illustrate some of the features of the reliability analysis tool, a system description for a dual redundant fault-tolerant engine controller and the Markov model that is automatically generated from that description are presented.
Conductance of Epitaxial Graphene Nanoribbons: Influence of Size Effects and Substrate Morphology

We present an experimental investigation of the impact of size effects on conductance in nanoribbons fabricated from epitaxial graphene. The material resistivity is seen to increase significantly (up to 13× for 50 nm wide ribbons) upon conversion from bulk graphene to nanoribbons. As the ribbon width is scaled below 100 nm, the resistivity is seen to be increasingly affected by substrate morphology. Size effects set in earlier for low-quality samples, and the resistivity shows a weaker dependence on width; this is attributed to increased boundary scattering weakening the width dependence of resistivity. The opposite behavior is witnessed for high-quality samples. On moderate-quality samples, 20 nm graphene nanoribbons show a 6× degradation of mobility compared to as-grown values.
Acidosis Associated with the Administration of Para-amino-benzene-sulfonamide (Prontylin)

SummaryTwo cases of clinical acidosis due to the administration of Prontylin (Para-amino-benzene-sulfonamide) in large doses are reported. Fifteen consecutive cases treated with this drug showed a consistent though variable drop in the CO2 combining power of their blood plasma.
Transition-state analysis of 2-O-acetyl-ADP-ribose hydrolysis by human macrodomain 1.

Macrodomains, including the human macrodomain 1 (MacroD1), are erasers of the post-translational modification of monoadenosinediphospho-ribosylation and hydrolytically deacetylate the sirtuin product O-acetyl-ADP-ribose (OAADPr). OAADPr has been reported to play a role in cell signaling based on oocyte microinjection studies, and macrodomains affect an array of cell processes including transcription and response to DNA damage. Here, we investigate human MacroD1 by transition-state (TS) analysis based on kinetic isotope effects (KIEs) from isotopically labeled OAADPr substrates. Competitive radiolabeled-isotope effects and mass spectrometry were used to obtain KIE data to yield intrinsic KIE values. Intrinsic KIEs were matched to a quantum chemical structure of the TS that includes the active site residues Asp184 and Asn174 and a structural water molecule. Transition-state analysis supports a concerted mechanism with an early TS involving simultaneous nucleophilic water attack and leaving group bond cleava...
SIGNIFICANT ROLE FOR HISTORICAL EFFECTS IN THE EVOLUTION OF REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION: EVIDENCE FROM PATTERNS OF INTROGRESSION BETWEEN THE CYPRINID FISHES, LUXILUS CORNUTUS AND LUXILUS CHRYSOCEPHALUS

Samples of Luxilus cornutus, Luxilus chrysocephalus, and their hybrids were collected along hypothesized routes of dispersal from Pleistocene refugia to examine the significance of geographic variation in patterns of intro- gression between these species. Patterns of allozyme and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variation were generally consistent with those from previous studies. Tests of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium revealed significant deficiencies of heterozygotes in all samples, indicating some form of reproductive isolation. Mitochondrial DNAs of each species were not equally represented in F1 hybrids; however, this bias was eliminated when the two largest samples were excluded from the analysis. Backcross hybrids exhibited biased mtDNA introgression, as samples from Lake Erie (eastern) and Lake Michigan (western) drainages showed significant excesses of mtDNAs from L. chrysocephalus and L. cornutus, respectively, relative to frequencies of diagnostic allozyme markers. The extent and direction of allozyme and mtDNA introgression was quantified by calculating isolation index values from morphologically "pure" individuals of each species from each locality. Analysis of variance of these measures identified limited introgression of allozyme variants with no geographic pattern, but significant differences in direction of mtDNA introgression between drainages (i.e., postglacial dispersal route). Association between patterns of mtDNA introgression and dispersal route across the latitudinal width of the contact zone is best explained by genetic divergence during past isolation of ancestral pop- ulations from these drainages. These results identify a significant role for historical effects in the evolution of repro- ductive isolation and the process of speciation.
Exfoliative cytopathologic studies in organ transplantation. I. The cytologic diagnosis of cytomegalic inclusion disease in the urine of renal allograft recipients.

This is the first report of the cytologic diagnosis of cytomegalic inclusion disease in the urine of renal transplant recipients. During 1 year, 215 urine specimens from 22 renal allograft patients were studied cytologically. Urine specimens from four of the 22 patients contained cells which are diagnostic of cytomegalic inclusion disease. Intranuclear inclusions were identified in the lungs of the single patient who has come to autopsy. The remaining three patients are alive, with functioning renal grafts in place.
Synchronous cecal and sigmoid volvulus. Report of a case

Volvulus is a rare cause of intestinal obstruction in the U.S. Sigmoid colon volvulus is the most frequent, followed by cecal volvulus. The simultaneous occurrence of cecal and sigmoid colon volvulus is extremely unusual. We are reporting what to our knowledge is the third case.
The Use of Long-Path FT-IR Spectroscopy in Kinetic Studies of Reactive Molecules of Atmospheric Interest

Long-path, FT-IR spectroscopy has been employed in the kinetic study of chemical changes induced both thermally and photochemically in a variety of simulated atmospheric mixtures. Recent studies of the mechanisms of the formation and decay reactions and the kinetic properties of several interesting reactive species are described to illustrate the great utility of the IR-FTS systems for such studies. Specifically results are presented from our recent studies of peroxynitric acid (H00N02), hypochlorous acid (H0Cl), and dimethylnitrosamine ((CH3)2NNO). The limitations of the FT-IRS systems as well as their usefulness in these kinetic studies are discussed.
The correlation between population structure of striped field mouse(Apodemus agrarius) and hantavirus carrying

Hantavirus(HV) is the major pathogen of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome(HFRS),and striped field mouse(Apodemus agrarius)is the main virus reservoir of HV.Because of the high rate of HFRS in Xi′an in the past years,the age and sex of 110 mice captured from HFRS-endemic area from July to September in 2010 were identified.RNA of HV was extracted and analyzed.The results showed that there was no significant difference in between male and female mouse of HV carrying,but evidently difference in different age grades.There was significant correlation between the proportion of HV carrying by mice and ages grades.
Surveillance on Epidemic status of notifiable communicable diseases in Sichuan Province in 2006-2010

Objective To investigate the incidence and death patterns of notifiable communicable diseases in Sichuan Province during 2006- 2010,and to analyze the epidemic situation of communicable diseases. Methods Descriptive epidemiological analysis was conducted on the surveillance data of notifiable communicable diseases in Sichuan Province from 2006 to 2010. The Cox- Stuart test was conducted on some focused diseases to examine the incidence trends of historical data. Results Totally 35 types of notifiable communicable diseases were reported in Sichuan Province during 2006- 2010. The overall incidence of Class A and Class B communicable diseases gradually fell from 301. 40 /100,000 in 2006 to 225. 42 /100,000 in 2010,while the incidence of Class C communicable diseases gradually went up to 143. 51 /100,000 in 2010 from 90. 76 /100,000 in 2006. The cases and deaths of blood borne and sexual transmitted diseases accounted for the largest proportions in Class A and Class B communicable diseases( 44. 26% and 47. 86%),followed by respiratory diseases( 39. 81% and 24. 81%). The top 4 diseases with high case numbers in Class A and Class B communicable diseases were pulmonary tuberculosis,hepatitis B,syphilis and dysentery. And the top 3 diseases in Class C communicable diseases were other infectious diarrheal diseases,mumps and hand- foot- mouth disease. The reported incidence of syphilis and AIDS showed an increasing tendency,and the results of Cox- Stuart test indicated that there were statistically significant differences regarding the reported incidence during 1995- 2010( P 0. 05). Conclusions It is necessary to strengthen the surveillance and improve the responses to Class C communicable diseases and emerging communicable diseases so as to prevent the spread of the diseases. The incidence of hepatitis B is high in age groups over 15 years; and hence, hepatitis B vaccination should be expanded to these age groups so as to increase the inoculation rate. Syphilis and AIDS are blood borne and sexual transmitted diseases which urgently need to be controlled. The high incidence rates of congenital syphilis and recessive syphilis are respectively found in infants less than 1 year of age and in the elderly aged 85 years and over. Pulmonary tuberculosis epidemic is being controlled.
Research of Calibaration Method for Electric Energy Meter Based on IEC61850

According to IEC61850,the new input characteristic of electric energy meter shows that it is necessary to design newcalibration solution.The article first analyzes the error characteristic of the energy meter,and then,in the view of intact traceability link,introduces a new calibration solution based on standard meter.The accuracy of standard meter is calibrated by standard equipment with higher grade of accuracy.In the end,calibration data is given.
Epidemic characteristics of infectious diarrhea in Shenhe district of Shenyang city from 2005-2010

[Objective]To master the epidemic characteristics of infectious diarrhea in Shenhe district of Shenyang city,and provide evidence for developing control plan and evaluation of implementation results.[Methods]The descriptive epidemiology was adopted to analyze the data of infectious diarrhea in this district.[Results]The average annual incidence rate of infectious diarrhea was 14.33/100 000;38.95% cases appeared in July-August,with obvious peak incidence in summer;the average annual incidence rate of male was 16.39/100 000,that of female was 12.29/100 000,with significant difference(P0.01),the ratio of male to female was 1.32∶1;48.37% of total cases were scattered children,43.66% were children aged 0-2 years.[Conclusion]The epidemic of infectious diarrhea shows obvious occupational peak,with high incidence in Infants and young children in this district.It is necessary to strengthen health education,to enhance food safety and water sanitation supervision,to do well in sanitation improvement,to strengthen disease reporting and monitoring and early warning analysis,to understand the epidemic trend,to do well in emergency treatment,and to effectively prevent spread of the infectious diarrhea.
Evidence that acetaldehyde irreversibly impairs glycoprotein metabolism in liver slices

When liver slices were incubated for 1 hr in a medium containing either acetaldehyde or ethanol and then switched to a fresh medium free from acetaldehyde but containing the appropriate radioactive precursors and reincubated for 3 additional hr, a decreased incorporation of both [14C]glucosamine and [14C]leucine into hepatocellular and secretory proteins was observed. Further studies were carried out comparing the inhibitory effects of ethanol and acetaldehyde on drug metabolism. Higher concentrations of ethanol were necessary to impair aniline hydroxylation when compared to its effect on glycoprotein metabolism. Acetaldehyde did not affect aniline metabolism, suggesting some specificity for its effect on intracellular metabolic functions. Our results show that the acetaldehyde-induced inhibition of glycoprotein synthesis is irreversible under these short term experimental conditions and is not dependent on the physical presence of acetaldehyde in the incubation medium.
DETERMINATION OF PRESSURE-DEPENDENT PHASE DIAGRAMS

Publisher Summary High pressure is an important physical variable affecting properties of materials almost as significantly as high temperature. High pressure is being used more and more to synthesize new materials, to study the behavior of existing materials, and to tune material physical properties. This chapter describes the currently used high-pressure techniques in the field of high-pressure science. Although there are relatively few studies involving the simultaneous use of pressure and temperature, the importance of such a combination requires that the progress made recently in such experimentation is also considered. The chapter focuses on techniques that are useful from low to ultra high pressures and which permit the in situ characterization of materials. The chapter describes the diamond-anvil cell (DAC) and the large-volume press (LVP). The sample volume in DAC is small but it is a handy tool for rapid exploration of pressure–temperature space and the identification of new high-pressure phases, through in situ studies of their structure and properties. It can also be used to determine rapidly whether a high-pressure phase remains stable on release of pressure. LVP is not as handy as DAC, but it has a very reliable performance and can be easily automated.
Category II ab Cyclizations

The main Il ab synthetic pathway is illustrated in Scheme 6.1 and corresponds to C-acylation of an o -aminobenzyl carbanion equivalent. Acylation is normally followed by in situ cyclization and aromatization. One type of o -aminobenzyl anion synthon is a mixed Cu/Zn reagent, which can be prepared from o -toluidines by bis-trimethylsilylation on nitrogen, benzylic bromination and reaction with Zn and CuCN. Reaction of these reagents with acyl halides gives 2-substituted indoles. Another version of the o -aminobenzyl anion synthon is obtained by dilithiation of N-t-Boc-protected o -alkylanilines. These intermediates are C-acylated by DMF or N-methoxy-N-methyl carboxamides, leading to either 3- or 2, 3-disubstituted indoles. A solution of N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-6-methoxy-2-methylaniline (11.9 g, 50 mmol) was cooled to -40 O C and s-BuLi (96 ml of 1.3 M in cyclohexane, 125 mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred at -45 O C to -55 O C for 30 min and then allowed to warm slowly to -15 O C over 60 min. The yellow solution was recooled to -45 O C and DMF (5.8 ml, 75 mmol) was added. After 5 min the reaction mixture was diluted with water (250ml) and the product was extracted with EtOAc (2 x 150 ml). The extract was washed with water (200 ml) and then concentrated in vacuo.
The Caribbean Basin Initiative: A Review and Analysis of its Questionable Performance to Date

The Caribbean Basin Economic Recovery Act went into effect in 1983. Commonly known as the Caribbean Basin Initiative (CBI), this trade program was promulgated and optimistically promoted by the Reagan administration as a means to accelerate Caribbean economic development. The CBI suspends U.S. import tariffs for select products from select Caribbean countries until 1995. Authorities report questionable or disappointing CBI performance to date. The context in which this performance has occurred is reviewed and hypotheses are set forth in an attempt to contribute to the understanding of this particular international trade program and U.S. international marketing in general.
Management of Sepsis in Patients with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension in the Intensive Care Unit

Pulmonary arterial hypertension is a lethal condition, and the management of sepsis in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension is challenging. As the disease progresses, the right ventricle is susceptible to failure due to a high pulmonary vascular resistance. The limited ability of the right ventricle to increase cardiac output in septic shock makes it difficult to deliver oxygen to the organ and tissues. Intravascular volume replacement and vasoactive drugs should only be considered after a thorough assessment. Priorities of care include improving cardiac output and oxygen delivery by optimizing preload, reducing afterload, and improving contractility.
Control Affine Systems

In this chapter we utilize extremum seeking (ES) to stabilize a large class of systems affine in control, including time-varying nonlinear systems. We work out the details of stability proofs and provide several numerical examples of applying ES for stabilization.
Reevaluation of thermal maturity and stages of petroleum formation of the Mississippian Barnett Shale, Fort Worth Basin, Texas

New data including measured reflectance (%Ro), programmed open-system pyrolysis data, and kerogen elemental analyses obtained on the Mississippian Barnett Shale in the Fort Worth Basin, Texas, indicate that secondary-gas generation starts at 1.5% Ro and not at the previously prescribed 1.1% Ro. Oil-cracking kinetic parameters derived from pyrolysis experiments in the presence and absence of water indicate that secondary-gas generation will not occur at a thermal maturity as low as 1.1% Ro and requires a minimum thermal maturity of 1.5% Ro. This difference is especially important in using the Barnett Shale as an analog for evaluating other possible shale-gas plays. The new reflectance measurements have a good relationship with hydrogen indices (HIs) and compare well with other published data sets. However, the relationship does not compare well with the previously published data used to prescribe 1.1% Ro as the start of secondary-gas generation in the Barnett Shale. This discrepancy is attributed to differences in measured %Ro values and not attributed to differences in the HI values. Lack of publicly available information on the previously reported %Ro values makes it difficult to ascertain the reason for their lower values. These lower %Ro values also have impact on the previously prescribed relationship for estimating %Ro from the temperature at maximum yield by programmed open-system pyrolysis (Tmax). As a result, the new data do not agree with a previously described relationship, and the considerable scatter makes the new relationship unreliable. However, the relationship between the HI and %Ro has less scatter, which indicates that HI offers a better proxy in calculating %Ro than Tmax for the Barnett Shale. Comparison of various programmed open-system pyrolysis methods (i.e., Rock-Eval II, Rock-Eval 6, Source Rock Analyzer, and Hawk) indicates that variations in HI are within ±10% of one another. An HI of at least 44 mg/g total organic carbon is prescribed as a more certain limit for the start of secondary-gas generation and prospective in situ gas-shale accumulations.
Passive assay of plutonium metal plates using a fast-neutron multiplicity counter

Abstract We developed a fast-neutron multiplicity counter based on organic scintillators (EJ-309 liquid and stilbene). The system detects correlated photon and neutron multiplets emitted by fission reactions, within a gate time of tens of nanoseconds. The system was used at Idaho National Laboratory to assay a variety of plutonium metal plates. A coincidence counting strategy was used to quantify the 240Pu effective mass of the samples. Coincident neutrons, detected within a 40-ns coincidence window, show a monotonic trend, increasing with the 240Pu-effective mass (in this work, we tested the 0.005–0.5 kg range). After calibration, the system estimated the 240Pu effective mass of an unknown sample (240Pueff >50 g) with an uncertainty lower than 1% in a 4-min assay time.
Mucosal Protective Agent: Sucralfate in the Treatment of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease in Children

Sucralfate is a mucosal protective coating agent that binds selectively to damaged or inflamed tissue to form a protective barrier. Sucralfate is a basic aluminum salt of sucrose octasulfate. At an acid pH, it forms large complexes with proteins (primary albumin and fibrogen) that adhere to the damaged tissue to prevent back diffusion of gastric acid, pepsin, and bile salts. Sucralfate also inhibits the direct binding of pepsin to ulcer protein and absorbs bile acids.
Electrically modulated nonlinear terahertz metamaterials

We present an electrically modulated nonlinear metamaterial at terahertz frequencies. The device consists of a planar array of split-ring resonators (SRRs) fabricated on n-type GaAs. Increasing the incident THz field strength induces carriers in the GaAs substrate, shorting the SRR capacitive gap and modulating the MM resonance. The application of a 15V bias to the MM reduces the net field modulation by ∼60%.
Soka education as a theory of leadership: Implications for the preparation, practice, and for the re-structuration of the modern principalship

This research poses two interrelated questions. How important is it for the formation of democratic ideas about educational leadership that the group or individual promoting those ideas is operatin...
Fungal endocarditis: Need for guidelines in evaluating therapy: Experience with two patients previously reported

Successful treatment of fungal endocarditis is being described with increasing frequency. Two patients, previously reported as free of disease by two different groups of investigators, subsequently died in our institutions with evidence of continued disease. Both patients had been receiving antifungal chemotherapy at the time their case histories were reported. The lack of clinical signs and symptoms in fungal endocarditis, the suppression of manifestations of infection by chemotherapy, and the uncertain reliability of laboratory aids led us to suggest guidelines in reporting results of therapeutic regimens. These include avoidance of terms implying cure in patients who are concurrently maintained on chemotherapy, indication of attempts to evaluate fungemia, and minimum follow-up of 1 to 2 years' duration. The potential utility of serologic studies is illustrated by the course of one of these patients.
Habit Reversal Treatment Manual for Tic Disorders

As you can see, habit reversal is a relatively uncomplicated procedure. However, like all clinical work it requires a good deal of flexibility in its implementation. Though success can never be guaranteed, research suggests that by following the procedures outlined in this protocol, the client should experience a significant reduction in symptoms that are maintained at rather lengthy follow-up periods.
Ultraviolet Light Efficacy for Decontamination of Safety Glasses

Reusable plastic safety glasses are commonly used in workplace environments to provide eye protection to users. When multiple individuals use a pair of safety glasses, there is the potential for tr...
Abstract IA21: NCI's Patient-Derived Models Repository: Generating models from racial and ethnic minorities

The National Cancer Institute (NCI) has developed a Patient-Derived Models Repository (PDMR) comprising quality-controlled, early-passage, clinically annotated patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) to serve as a resource for public-private partnerships and for academic drug discovery efforts. The first 100 models were released in May 2017, are clinically annotated with pathologic and molecular information available in a publicly accessible database, and are available to the extramural community for research use (pdmr.cancer.gov). The PDMR was established by NCI at the Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research (FNLCR) in direct response to discussions with academia and industry; the oncology community9s highest-priority need was identified as better preclinical models that more faithfully reflect the patient9s tumor and are associated with the patient9s treatment history. NCI has focused on collecting specimens from patients with cancers that are under-represented in many other PDX collections such as head and neck, pancreatic, bladder and gynecologic cancers, melanomas, and sarcomas. Recently, NCI has also increased its focus on generation of PDXs from racial and ethnic minorities through new funding opportunities. The initial goal is to have 20-25% of the models in the PDMR from racial and ethnic minorities in diagnoses that are most pertinent to cancer health disparities. The overall goal of NCI is to create a long-term home for at least 1,000 models such that sufficient biologic, clinical, and population diversity is represented to allow researchers to ask questions such as: what is the impact of tumor heterogeneity on target qualification or clinical response; do PDXs more faithfully represent the human tumor for pharmacodynamic assay and predictive marker development; or can an adequately powered preclinical PDX clinical trial lead to better evaluation of therapies for future clinical use? Grant Support : This project has been funded in part with federal funds from the National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, under Contract No. HHSN261200800001E. The content of this publication does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Department of Health and Human Services, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. government. Citation Format: Yvonne A. Evrard. NCI9s Patient-Derived Models Repository: Generating models from racial and ethnic minorities [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Tenth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2017 Sep 25-28; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2018;27(7 Suppl):Abstract nr IA21.
Clinical and Electrodiagnostic Features Of Nontraumatic Sciatic Neuropathy.

Introduction In this study we sought to characterize etiologies and features of sciatic neuropathy unrelated to penetrating nerve trauma. Methods This investigation was a retrospective review of 109 patients with electrodiagnostically confirmed sciatic neuropathies. Results Hip replacement surgery represented the most common (34.9%) etiology, whereas inflammatory sciatic neuropathy was seen in 7.3%. Electrodiagnostic testing revealed an axonal neuropathy in 95.4% and a demyelinating neuropathy in 4.6%. Predominant involvement of the peroneal division was seen in 39.4% and was tibial in 5.5%. Nine of 31 (29.0%) patients who had MRI or neuromuscular ultrasound study showed abnormalities within the sciatic nerve. At the final visit, 46.4% of patients required assistance for ambulation. Young age, lack of severe initial weakness, and presence of tibial compound muscle action potential or sural sensory nerve action potential were predictors of favorable outcome. Discussion Sciatic neuropathies are usually axonal on electrodiagnostic testing, affect preferentially the peroneal division, and are commonly associated with incomplete recovery. Muscle Nerve 59:309-314, 2019.
The Effect of Tangible Interaction on Spatial Design Tasks

Tangible user interfaces (TUIs) enable physical affordances that encourage the spatial manipulation of multiple physical objects to interact with digital information. We claim that the affordances of tangible interaction can affect design cognition on spatial tasks. While many researchers have claimed that TUIs improve spatial cognition, there is a lack of agreement about what improve means and a lack of empirical evidence to support the general claim. While most cognitive studies of TUIs focus on a comparison of tangible and traditional GUI keyboard and mouse interaction, we focus on comparing the use of TUIs on spatial versus nonspatial design tasks to validate the claim that tangible interaction specifically affects spatial design tasks. The results show that TUIs encourage users to perform more epistemic actions, leads to unexpected discoveries, and off-loads spatial reasoning to the physical objects. We conclude that the positive impact of tangible interaction is more dominant in spatial design tasks than nonspatial design tasks.
Vegetative and Reproductive Responses of Mature Cabernet Sauvignon Grapevines Converted from Spur Pruning to Cane Pruning at Five-Foot In-Row Vine Spacing

Summary Goals: Once established, vineyards are generally constrained by vine and row spacing and trellis configuration, which restricts how these variables can be modified. Regardless, such post-planting modifications may be desirable. This project chronicles vine performance following the conversion of seven-yr-old, cordon-trained, spur-pruned vines (“spur-pruned”) to head training and cane pruning (“cane-pruned”) with vines spaced 5 ft (1.5 m) apart in the row. While there are both pros and cons with either system, head training and cane pruning has an operational advantage in that less labor is expended on shoot-thinning because of retention of far fewer basal buds with cane-pruned vines. At issue, though, is a perception or reality that relatively wide in-row vine spacing (e.g., ≥4 or 5 ft) leads to uneven shoot development and nonuniform fruit ripening on long canes. We hypothesized that nonuniformity of shoot growth and development would lead to increased variability of fruit maturity at harvest with the conversion from spur pruning to cane pruning, with mature vines planted 5 ft (1.5 m) apart in the row. Key Findings: In comparison to spur pruning, the cane-pruned vines exhibited: (i) delayed budbreak and bloom; (ii) fewer, but more fruitful shoots; (iii) lower cane-pruning weights; and (iv) similar canopy architecture, primary fruit chemistry at harvest, and uniformity of pruned cane weights. Impact and Significance: Although we hypothesized that a 5 ft (1.5 m) in-row vine spacing might lead to nonuniform shoot development and fruit ripening on bilateral canes, this proved not to be the case. Although there was variation in components of yield for cane-pruned vines compared to spur-pruned vines, fruit maturity indexed as soluble solids concentration was similar between the two systems in the four seasons after conversion. While spur pruning has some advantage from the standpoint of reduced or eliminated time to tie canes following dormant pruning, the disadvantage, at least with Cabernet Sauvignon, as used here, is the propensity of cordon training to produce abundant basal shoots, which add excess crop and canopy density or additional labor to remove those shoots. A closer in-row spacing might be advised for cane pruning in new vineyards; however, it is possible to effectively convert spur-pruned vines back to cane pruning even for mature vines spaced 5 ft (1.5 m) apart in the row should that conversion be desired for labor savings, anticipated fruit quality improvements, or other reasons.
A Study of Trend and Growth of Employment in Informal Sector and Construction Industry

The construction sector has the largest number of unorganised labourers in India next only to agricultural sector. They are the backbone of our nation. Both men and women are integral part of the society. The present paper deals with the economic contribution of construction workers in Thoothukudi District. The study has the following objectives: 1. To study the socio-economic outline of the construction workers. 2. To find out trend and growth of employment in informal sector and construction industry 3. To understand the satisfaction of construction work among the sample respondents based on sex. Both primary and secondary data have used for the present study. The primary data obtained 80 respondents from male and 40 respondents from female, totally 120 construction workers were selected for the study. Secondary data collected from various Government reports, Office of the Labour and Employment in Thoothukudi district, research reports, journals, libraries, magazines, books, newspapers internet and various institutions. The data to be collected from primary and secondary sources is to be analysing with the help of some statistical tools like average, percentages, standard deviation, Compound Growth Rate, etc. It found that the trend coefficient was found to be statistically significant for employment in informal sector and construction industry. It indicates, on an average, it had increased by 2.7 percent for rural and urban areas, 24.3 percent for informal sector and 37.2 percent for construction industry per annum. The growth rates are found to be 13.14 percent, 13.79 percent, and 7.31 percent employment in rural and urban areas, informal sector and construction industry. The value of R2 indicates that the variations in employment in rural and urban areas (0.823), informal sector (0.691) and construction industry (0.834) explain variations independent variables to the extent of 82 percent, 69 percent and 83 percent respectively.