cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Preventing ischemic brain injury after sudden cardiac arrest using NO inhalation

Sudden cardiac arrest is a leading cause of death worldwide [1]. Despite advances in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) methods, including the introduction of the automatic electrical defibrillator (AED) and therapeutic hypothermia [2, 3], only about 10 % of adult out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) victims survive to hospital discharge [4], and the majority of survivors have moderate to severe cognitive deficits 3 months after resuscitation [5]. Resuscitation from cardiac arrest is the ultimate whole body ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury affecting multiple organ systems including brain and heart [6]. No pharmacological agent is available to improve outcome from post-cardiac arrest syndrome.
Exploring Graph-Based Network Traffic Monitoring

Monitoring network traffic and classifying applications are essential functions for network administrators. These tasks are becoming increasingly challenging since (a) many applications obfuscate their traffic using nonstandard ports, and (b) new applications constantly appear. This suggests the need for a behavioral-based approach, where the detector looks for fundamental behaviors of the application that are both intrinsic to the application and distinct from normal traffic. Identifying intrinsic behaviors makes it difficult for application writers to disguise such behaviors without defeating the very purpose of the application. In this paper, we propose a graph-based representation of network traffic which captures the network-wide interactions of applications. In these graphs, nodes are individual IP address and edges between nodes represent particular communications. For example, an edge might represent the exchange of a single packet, or the exchange of at least ten packets of any type. We call such graphs "Traffic Dispersion Graphs" or TDGs [3]. As a proof of concept we show that our proposed graph-based classifier out-perfoms BLINC [4] in detecting P2P traffic on backbone links. Our results are very promising, showing that TDGs can provide the basis for the next generation of network monitoring tools.
Photothermal spectroscopy and its analytical application

Photothermal spectroscopy relies on the detection of thermal or acoustic waves generated by the absorption of optical radiation and subsequent radiationless deexcitation. With this technique the absorbed energy is detected directly. Hence, weakly absorbing, opaque and scattering samples can be readily addressed with this spectroscopy. Various photothermal and photoacoustic detection schemes and the underlying physical principles are discussed. The potential and the limitations of this technique are highlighted with typical analytical applications.
The cum shot: trans men and visual economies of ejaculation

In this article I explore how transgender and cisgender participants in internet-mediated visual and print-based sexual cinematic discourse frame the construction of orgasms among trans masculine and other male-identified, female-assigned at birth, subjects. Specifically, I focus on the visual and linguistic platforms of amateur videos featuring trans men's genitals posted on XTube, a website that hosts user-submitted films as well as space for user commentary. Importantly, the ‘visual’ text of the film content articulates in productive and perhaps unexpected ways with the ‘figurative’ dialogue of language used to frame the video as well as that deployed by posted responses to the film. Situating trans men's genitals as both discursively and phenomenologically managed alongside ‘the privileging of the visual over the figurative’ I focus on employing frameworks of audience reception, how trans men and their sexual interlocutors, as either consumers of film or physical participants, both reproduce and desta...
Dental considerations in the treatment of patients with oculoauriculovertebral dysplasia (Goldenhar's syndrome)

The medical and dental problems of patients with oculoauriculovertebral dysplasia (Goldenhar's syndrome) are presented. The particular dental problems of diminished or absent parotid gland secretion and hemifacial microsomia are detailed. A case is presented to demonstrate problems common to the management of these patients as well as appropriate treatment recommendations. A suggestion for an experimental, nonsurgical approach to treatment of the hemifacial microsomia is also discussed.
Time in Residence Affects Escape and Agonistic Behavior in Adult Male American Lobsters

Acquisition and retention of a shelter by a lob- ster are two of the variables that play a role in lobster agonistic interactions. Since shelter procurement and reten- tion are important for lobster survival, behaviors related to this activity frequently outrank other daily behaviors (e.g., searching for food). Here, we examine the effects of time in residence on the parameters of the escape response of the American lobster, Homarus americanus. Adult male intermolt lobsters (Stage C,) were placed in an experimental tank for three different time periods (one hour, 24 hours, and 48 hours). The probability of eliciting an escape response was inversely related to the time spent in the tank. Eighty percent of the animals in residence for 1 h tailflipped in response to a threat, whereas only 14% of the animals in residence for 48 h tailflipped. There were also significant changes in some of the pa- rameters of the escape response among animals in residence for 24 h compared to those in residence for 1 h. The number of tailflips and the distance traveled were reduced, although frequency, velocity, acceleration, force, and work factors were not significantly different. Furthermore, with increased time in residence, lobsters switched from an avoidance or escape-prone behavior to an aggressive-prone behavior. Most of the animals in residence for 48 h approached and attacked a threat-stimulus rather than fleeing from it. On an empirically defined "index of aggressiveness," in which various behaviors were numeri-
Sonographic Observations in a Patient with Typhlitis

The sonographic findings in a patient with typhlitis are presented. Sonography showed a solid mass with a "target" sign in the right lower quadrant, continuous with the ascending colon. In addition to suggesting the diagnosis, sonography was helpful in the follow-up examination of the patient because it was able to assess the gradual decrease in the thickness of the bowel wall and ultimate resolution of the inflammatory process.
Robust M- and L-Estimators of Scale Parameter

We consider first the class of M-estimators of scale that are location-scale equivariant and Fisher consistent at the error distribution of the shrinking contamination neighborhood and derive an expression for the maximal asymptotic mean-squared-error, for a suitably regular score function, followed by a lower bound on it. We next show that the minimax asymptotic mean-squzred-error is attained at an M-estimator of scale with the truncated MLE score function which, when specialized to the Standard Normal error distribution has the form of Huber's Proposal 2. The latter minimax property is also shown to hold for α-trimmed variance as an L-estimator of scale.
Antibodies produced by immunization of goats with 40S ribosomal subunits from Novikoff hepatoma ascites cells.

SummaryGoats immunized with 60S ribosomal subunits of Novikoff hepatoma ascites cells produced agglutinins for Novikoff hepatoma ascites cells and precipitins for 60S ribosomal subunits. These antibodies also agglutinated Walker 256 carcinosarcoma ascites cells but did not agglutinate spleen white cells. Goats immunized with 60S ribosomal subunits of normal liver did not produce agglutinins for either Novikoff hepatoma or Walker tumor cells but did produce precipitins for 60S ribosomal subunits. The precipitins did not show significant differences in their effects on tumor or liver 60S ribosomal subunits. However, on a molar basis, there was a greater precipitation of the 60S ribosomal subunits than the 40S ribosomal subunits. The antiserum to Novikoff hepatoma 60S ribosomal subunits markedly inhibited the growth of Novikoff hepatoma ascites cells.
Modular Polyethylene Inserts for Total Knee Arthroplasty: Can Surgeons Detect 1-mm Thickness Increments?

Abstract Background Some manufacturers have introduced polyethylene (PE) inserts in 1-mm increment thickness options to allow for finer adjustments in total knee arthroplasty kinematics. Methods Two surgeons with extensive experience performed 88 total knee arthroplasties using implants with 1-mm PE inserts. After trial components were inserted and the optimal PE thickness was selected, the insert was removed and a trial insert size was randomly chosen from opaque envelopes (1-mm smaller, same size, and 1-mm larger). The knee was re-examined and the surgeon determined which size PE had been placed. Results Surgeons reliably determined insert thicknesses in 62.5% (55 of 88; P = .050) of trials. Surgeons were not able to accurately detect 1-mm incremental changes of trial PE implants on a consistent basis. Conclusion The potential clinical usefulness of this concept should be further evaluated.
Polish and Czechoslovak policy toward German unification

(1993). Polish and Czechoslovak policy toward German unification. Journal of Area Studies: Vol. 1, Perspectives on German Unification, pp. 66-78.
An Archival Bestiary

Well, yes, this is a bit abstract. But this whimsical presentation analyzes the origins, relationships, and evolution of archival terms and expressions.
O Samba de Caruru da Bahia: tradição pouco conhecida

O samba de roda e manifestacao afro-brasileira musical, coreografica e poetica do Reconcavo, uma regiao maritima na Bahia. Desde 2005, quando a UNESCO reconheceu esta tradicao como uma Obra Prima do Patrimonio Imaterial da Humanidade, ela tem sido cada vez melhor compreendida. Porem, ha muitas faces da tradicao que continuam a ser mal entendidas e pouco estudadas. O proposito deste ensaio e explorar uma destas faces: o samba de caruru. Em muitas casas no Reconcavo Baiano santos catolicos sao comemorados anualmente atraves de banquetes e festas. Nos chamados "rezas" ou "Carurus", pessoas convidam parentes, amigos e vizinhos para cantar benditos e ladainhas, sambar e comer iguarias baianas, como o conhecido prato baiano, o caruru de quiabo. Portanto, o samba feito nestes eventos se chama de samba de caruru. No presente ensaio, traco brevemente a pratica do samba de caruru desde o inicio do seculo XIX ate o inicio do seculo XXI. Com a pretensao de chamar a atencao a esta tradicao, retrato a pratica do samba de caruru no presente etnografico (em detalhes tanto etnograficos quanto musicologicos) antes de embarcar na jornada pela documentacao escrita para com a tradicao. Eu argumento que uma compreensao maior sobre o samba de caruru nao so aumenta a nossa apreensao do samba de roda, mas tambem nos ajuda a entender as complexidades da religiosidade baiana.
Getting a Workout: Mortgage Modification, Class, and Shifting Financial Institutions

The foreclosure crisis of the Great Recession (2007-2009) has presented American homeowners with a diverse array of options for dealing with a mortgage they can no longer afford. In this article I explore how homeowners navigate this ever-changing financial landscape. I combine in-depth interviews with homeowners at risk of foreclosure in San Jose with an institutional ethnography of a foreclosure prevention help center. I find that most homeowners pursue one of two strategies for dealing with their mortgage troubles. The first strategy, employed largely by working class homeowners, relied on reaching out to their peers with similar financial difficulties. This proved to be both an efficient strategy and a particularly good source of insider information. The second strategy, pursued primarily by middle class homeowners who were ashamed of their financial circumstances, relied on impersonal and anonymous sources of information. This strategy was not only less efficient and less informative; it also frequently resulted in missed opportunities. Importantly, class variation in strategies of action was largely the result of differential access to other troubled homeowners.
Tuition Fees, Student Loans, and Other Manifestations of Cost Sharing: Variations and Misconceptions

Higher education finance in any single country, and vastly more so in international comparative perspective, is an enormously complex topic. The reliance in any country on tuition fees to bear part of the rising costs of public higher education is influenced in part by the particular histories, cultures, and dominant political and ideological currents of the country and the moment. But higher education—regardless of ideology or political system and regardless of the presumed mix of public and private benefits—is everywhere expensive. Virtually all countries are struggling with these surging costs, the volatile politics of tuition fees, the competing needs for scarce governmental revenues, and the complexity of student loans, along with the need to reconcile the economic and social imperative for quality higher education with the political and moral needs to increase higher educational participation.
The Protestant Reading Ethic and Variation in Its Effects

Max Weber's thesis that a “Protestant ethic” in a subset of Protestant sects created a “spirit of capitalism” is often interpreted as an explanation for the increase in economic growth in the Protestant parts of the West before and during the industrial revolution. One alternative pathway through which Protestantism might have contributed to high economic performance is that it was Protestantism's promotion of literacy that led to higher economic growth and not behavioral changes due to a Protestant ethic as suggested by Weber. To evaluate the “Protestant reading ethic” thesis, this study examines historical events for the period from 1500 up to the 1800s in nine countries. The study also explores available cross-national quantitative data on economic development and literacy for the same period. The qualitative and quantitative evidence supports the overall thesis that Protestantism promoted literacy and rises in literacy likely contributed to the economic development. The evidence also suggests that the impact of Protestantism on literacy varied depending on what actions were taken by Protestant states and Protestant national churches to promote literacy.
Combined Effects of Light and Carbon Dioxide on Egg Production of Indian Meal Moths

Egg production and hatchability were reduced greatly when females of Plodia interpunctella (Hubner), reared under alternating 12-hour-light and 12-hour-dark cycles, Were mated to males reared under continuous light and Then were treated with CO2 Carbon dioxide gas or continuous-light treatment singly were no so effective in reducing egg production and viability as when they were used in combination. Oviposition was delayed by exposure of females to CO2. Control females oviposited and died sooner than treated females. The results demonstrated the additive effect of 2 adverse factors, CO2 and light, on egg production of P. interpunctella .
The Red Baron.

A 33-year-old naval pilot was admitted to Yale–New Haven Hospital in early 1992 because he had been coughing up blood and passing bloody urine for two days. He gave a history of Goodpasture's syndrome manifested by hemoptysis and hematuria, which had initially been diagnosed and treated in March 1990 at the naval base where he was stationed. The diagnosis was established serologically and by renal biopsy, and he was treated with plasmapheresis, cyclophosphamide, and steroids, resulting in remission of the condition until July 1991. He had a relapse at that time and was successfully treated with the same regimen. The . . .
Investigation on nutrition knowledge, attitude and behavior among primary and secondary school students in Huairou District of Beijing in 2013

[Objective]To understand the nutritional status of primary and secondary school students in Huairou District of Beijing,provide the basis for implementing the nutrition health education in schools. [Methods]609 students were collected from eight schools in Huairou District by stratified cluster random sampling method,to conduct a questionnaire survey for nutrition status.[Results]52.7% of students showed a higher level of nutrition knowledge,and the correct answer rate of nutrition knowledge questions was over 60%,while 47.3% of students showed a lower level of nutrition knowledge,with the correct answer rate under60%. There were no significant differences in level of nutrition knowledge among different sex,grade groups. At present,81.0%of students obtained the nutrition knowledge from parents or family member. The students who were willing to obtain the nutrition knowledge from internet and television/ broadcasting accounted for 71.3% and 73.6% respectively. 77.0% of students had the behavior of eating snacks,and the rate of eating snacks in senior middle school students was higher than that in primary school students and junior middle school students. 56.2% of students ate breakfast every day,and main dining location of three meals was home. The students who ate meat,eggs,dairy products,bean products every day accounted for 13.0%,21.3%,33.3% and12.0%,respectively. The students who ate vegetables and fruits every day accounted for 12.6% and 34.8% respectively. The students who never eat vegetables and fruits accounted for 3.9% and 12.8% respectively. [Conclusion]The level of nutrition knowledge among students in Huairou District is low. The bad eating habit of eating snacks has been observed among students.The diet structure of students is improper,which is mainly presented as the lack of animal foods,dairy products,vegetables and fruits. The ways to obtain nutrition knowledge are deficient,so it is necessary to strengthen the nutrition education among students.
Analysis on Lightning Performance for Catenary of High-Speed Railway Based on Electro-geometric Model

Lightning strike on catenary is one of important factors hazardous on safe and reliable operation of high-speed railway. In China the number of trip-out caused by lightning strike on catenary accounts for more than 30% of total trip-out numbers due to faults. Both direct lightning strike and induced lightning strike can lead to trip-out of catenary,and F-line of the catenary is most easily to be lightning-stricken. Based on electro-geometrical model the triggered lightning range around the catenary is analyzed and along with the increase of the height of the catenary conductor to the ground the triggered lightning range around the catenary increases approximately linearly. When the average height of the viaduct is 15 m,the triggered lightning range around the high-speed railway catenary is about two-fold of the triggered lightning range around the common-speed railway catenary. The computing formula for trip-out rate due to direct lightning strike and that due to induced lightning strike for high-speed railway catenary are derived,and the comparison of computation result of typical high-speed railway catenary with that of actually operated high-speed railway shows that the computation error is about 8.8%,so the proposed calculation method is relatively accurate,and it is also shown that the overall lightning performance of the high-speed railway catenary in China is relatively weak.
Antral volume and propulsion-retropulsion in response to upper intestinal nutrients in a canine model.

We measured antral volumes and propulsion-retropulsion for individual peristaltic cycles using the dynamic spatial reconstructor in three female mongrel dogs. Our aim was to quantify the effect of intestinal perfusion of equicaloric, isotonic, and isomolar nutrients (maltose, 32.5 mg/100 ml; casein hydrolysate, 32.5 mg/100 ml; and oleic acid 15.5 mg/100 ml) at a rate of 10 ml/min in the upper small intestine on total antral volume and the propulsion-retropulsion function of the "antral pump." Isotonic saline was used as a control solution. Isotonic gastrografin (600 ml) was instilled intragastrically as a meal. A 6-channel perfused manometric assembly was used to record antral phasic pressure activity. Antral volume was significantly lower (P < 0.05) in response to fat perfusion compared with other nutrients or isotonic saline. The propulsion-retropulsion ratio was also significantly reduced (P < 0.05) in response to fat perfusion in the upper small intestine. Our study, therefore, indicates that the frac...
Dynamically combining syntax and semantics in natural language processing

A controversy has existed over the interaction of syntax and semantics in natural language understanding systems. According to theories of integrated parsing, syntactic and semantic processing should take place simultaneously, with the parsing process driven by a single rule base which contains both syntactic and semantic knowledge. This is in sharp contrast to traditional linguistic approaches to language analysis, in which syntactic and semantic processing are performed separately from one another, driven by completely separate sets of syntactic and semantic rules. This paper presents an approach to natural language understanding which is a compromise between these two views. It is an integrated approach, in the sense that syntactic and semantic processing take place at the same time. However, unlike previous integrated systems, the approach described here uses largely separate bodies of syntactic and semantic knowledge, which are combined only at the time of processing.
Evaluation of a Cross Cultural Curriculum: Changing Knowledge, Attitudes and Skills in Pediatric Residents

Objectives The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of six online modules, the Cross Cultural Case Stories, designed to teach healthcare professionals and trainees to provide culturally competent care to children with chronic respiratory conditions and their families. Modules increase provider awareness of the types of factors that may vary between cultures. This study assessed learner change in the three domains of knowledge, attitudes and self-reported skills. Improving on earlier studies, this evaluation included a control group for comparison. Methods Subjects comprised 66 first and second year pediatric residents at the University of Florida. Each module includes Objectives, Key Word definitions, Case Story, Lecture, Interactive Exercises and References. Intervention subjects completed an assessment tool before and after training. Control subjects completed the spaced assessments without completing the modules in-between. Results Within the intervention group there was a significant effect associated with the intervention. On average, participants within this group improved 1.67 points on the knowledge assessment (p < .01), 13.64 points on the attitudes self-assessment (p = .01) and 6.86 points on the skills assessment (p ≤ 0.01). When comparing between the intervention and control group significant differences were found in the post knowledge, post skills and post attitudes assessment, with the intervention group exceeding scores from the control group. Conclusions The Cross Cultural Cases provide an accessible, comprehensive and effective means for teaching healthcare and public health professionals and trainees. These cases can potentially provide training for students and practicing professionals from multiple medical and public health related disciplines.
Virilization and abdominal mass in a newborn female: A case report

Abstract We describe virilization in a newborn female secondary to bilateral congenital juvenile granulosa cell tumor (JGCT). The patient presented with abdominal mass and ambiguous genitalia at birth, and bilateral ovarian masses were discovered on further imaging. The patient underwent bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy in staged procedures, as it became apparent that we could not spare the ovaries. Diagnosis of JGCT was confirmed by surgical pathology. She required no adjuvant therapy and has no signs of recurrence at two-year follow-up.
'If I was a different ethnicity, would she treat me the same?': Latino parents' experiences obtaining autism services.

AbstractThis article reports on an ethnographic study with 12 Latino families of children on the autism spectrum related to obtaining autism services in Los Angeles County. Using critical discourse analysis of interviews, observations, and records, we consider the experiences of the Latino families in relation to: a discursively constructed ‘autism parent’ subject position that mandates ‘fighting’ service systems to ‘win’ autism services for children, originating from White middle-class parents’ socioeconomic resources and social capital; a neoliberal social services climate that assumes scarcity of available resources and prioritizes austerity in their authorization; and a media and institutional ‘cultural deficit’ discourse that attributes disparities in autism services for Latino children to their parents’ presumed culturally-based ‘passivity.’ We argue that parental discourse about fighting, or not fighting, for autism services is engendered by a tension between a parental logic of care, and the logic...
A School-Based Dental Program Evaluation: Comparison to the Massachusetts Statewide Survey.

BACKGROUND School-based dental programs target high-risk communities and reduce barriers to obtaining dental services by delivering care to students in their schools. We describe the evaluation of a school-based dental program operating in Chelsea, a city north of Boston, with a low-income and largely minority population, by comparing participants' oral health to a Massachusetts oral health assessment. METHODS Standardized dental screenings were conducted for students in kindergarten, third, and sixth grades. Outcomes were compared in bivariate analysis, stratified by grade and income levels. RESULTS A greater percentage of Chelsea students had untreated decay and severe treatment need than students statewide. Yet, fewer Chelsea third graders had severe treatment need, and more had dental sealants. There was no significant difference in the percentage of Chelsea students having severe treatment need or dental sealants by income level. CONCLUSIONS Students participating in our program do not have lower decay levels than students statewide. However, they do have lower levels of severe treatment need, likely due to treatment referrals. Our results confirm that school-based prevention programs can lead to increased prevalence of dental sealants among high-risk populations. Results provide support for the establishment of full-service school-based programs in similar communities.
Dist-Hedge: A partial information setting based distributed non-stochastic sequence prediction algorithm

This paper focuses on the problem of distributed sequence prediction in a network of sparsely interconnected forecasting agents, where agents collaborate to achieve provably reasonable predictive performance. An expert assisted online learning algorithm Dist-Hedge of the consensus+innovations form is proposed, in which the agents aggregate experts' predictions by simultaneously processing the latest network losses (innovations) and the cumulative losses obtained from neighboring agents (consensus). This paper characterizes the sublinear regret of the agents' prediction performance with respect to the best forecasting expert in terms of network connectivity.
Benchmarking Analysis of Space-Grade Central Processing Units and Field-Programmable Gate Arrays

Onboard computing demands for space missions are continually increasing due to the need for real-time sensor and autonomous processing combined with limited communication bandwidth to ground statio...
Bilateral Bicondylar Osteochondritis Dissecans in a Child with Spastic Diplegia and Crouch Gait: A Case Report.

Case The cause of osteochondritis dissecans is unknown. Various hypotheses suggest mechanical, ischemic, and hereditary causes. We describe a 13-year-old girl with spastic diplegia, a form of cerebral palsy, who had an associated crouch gait and presented with bilateral osteochondral defects of the medial and lateral femoral condyles. Conclusion This case highlights the potential role of repetitive microtrauma, likely due to the poor biomechanical forces in a crouch gait, and provides support for a mechanical cause of osteochondritis dissecans.
Nanofluid enhancement of mineral oil and thermal properties instrument design.

There are two purposes of this research, to design and build a heat transfer cell that could accurately calculate heat transport coefficients of various fluids and to determine if the increased heat transfer capabilities of nanofluids can be applied to cooling transformers by using the heat transfer cell to measure the enhancement. The design and construction of a heat transfer cell that could accurately calculate heat transport coefficients of various fluids was successful. A heat transfer cell was built and tested on several fluids to confirm the accuracy of the design and the experiments. Three fluids were successfully tested overall for their thermal conductivity values, and one fluid was tested for its convection coefficients in the heat transfer cells. Values for the thermal conductivity and the convection coefficients were obtained during this experiment that agreed with commonly accepted values for the testing fluids. The average value for the thermal conductivities for mineral oil of the first design in the ¼” diameter cell is 0.15 w/m2c, and agrees well with the commonly accepted values of mineral oils. The value commonly accepted value of thermal conductivity for mineral oil is 0.14 w/m2c at 25°C, the first heat transfer cell yielded a thermal conductivity value of approximately 0.16 w/m2c at roughly 25C. The heat transfer cell was also used to calculated convection coefficients of mineral oil, and values were obtained within the limits for natural convection according to Incropera, contributing more to the validity of the results from this heat transfer cell. A second heat transfer cell was designed to determine the thermal conductivities of more thermally sensitive fluids, offering a wider range of materials that can be tested. The second design places the thermocouples directly at their assumed position of the wire and the wall temperatures for calculation purposes, yielding more accurate results and can therefore more accurately calculate the thermal conductivities of various fluids. The second design calculated a thermal conductivity of water to be 0.59 w/m2c, while the commonly accepted value is 0.58 w/m2c, which is well within a tolerable range of error to accept this value as accurate at the experimental conditions. This heat transfer cell also calculated the thermal conductivity value for AMSOIL synthetic motor oil to be 0.12 w/m2c and 0.10 w/m2c for mineral oil, both of these values are within the expected ranges of thermal conductivity for oils. The second goal of applying the heat transfer enhancement properties of a nanofluid to a transformer cooling application proved to be futile for Copper Oxide(40nm) and Carbon coated Copper nanoparticles(25nm) in mineral oil. All of the attempted nanofluids fell out of suspension within a timeframe of a day, and in a transformer cell where natural convection is the only means of flow available that contributes to keeping the nanoparticles suspended, there is not enough flow to keep the nanoparticles from falling out of suspension. That is why unless…
The Cognitive Auditory System: The Role of Learning in Shaping the Biology of the Auditory System

The auditory system comprises a vast network of interconnected peripheral, subcortical, and cortical centers. These circuits are bidirectional and extend beyond classically defined auditory pathway. Limbic and association areas have direct input to both auditory cortex and lower areas, and there is clear evidence that cognitive processes such as attention, memory, emotion, and motivation impact the auditory processing of sound. This chapter reviews some of the anatomical and physiological underpinnings of these cognitive processes. Finally, it presents data demonstrating a means of physiologically accessing the cognitive auditory system in humans via the auditory brain stem response to complex stimuli (cABR) and proffers its application in the assessment of and research into human auditory-based communications.
Matching for Graphs of Bounded Degree

We show that there exists a matching with $\frac{4m}{5k+3}$ edges in a graph of degree kand medges.
SEEDE: simultaneous execution and editing in a development environment

We introduce a tool within the Code Bubbles development environment that allows for continuous execution as the programmer edits. The tool, SEEDE, shows both the intermediate and final results of execution in terms of variables, control and data flow, output, and graphics. These results are updated as the user edits. The tool can be used to help the user write new code or to find and fix bugs. The tool is explicitly designed to let the user quickly explore the execution of a method along with all the code it invokes, possibly while writing or modifying the code. The user can start continuous execution either at a breakpoint or for a test case. This paper describes the tool, its implementation, and its user interface. It presents an initial user study of the tool demonstrating its potential utility.
Professional development through a formative assessment rubric in a K-5 bilingual program

This case study uses an action research approach to the implementation of a systematic bilingual writing assessment that K-5 teachers administered over a two-year period in an inner-city public school with a two-way bilingual English-Spanish program. The study reflects the importance of developing an awareness of academic discourse over time, as teachers participated in a writing assessment project that included the administration of writing prompts and corresponding analysis of student writing through use of grade level rubrics, three times each year. The instrument was developed by the first author, a participant-observer who in the role of writing coordinator also led professional development workshops, and provided mentorship to teacher participants. The second researcher is an outside expert on bilingual writing who participated in the retrospective interview stage of the study. This paper will focus on insights from semi-structured interviews with teachers that reveal their current views on aspects of the writing assessment project. The questions prompted teachers to review the rubrics and associated assessment materials to garner insights about their participation in the assessment project. Thematic analysis of the interviews indicates that teachers enhanced their awareness of discourse structure and the writing process, as they incorporated the rubrics for several pedagogical purposes: more targeted whole group instruction, strategic and flexible grouping of students, and more deliberate selection of topics to support writers during individual conferences. Furthermore, teachers appreciated the ability to systematically track writing growth across the academic year, an option that had formerly been used solely for documentation of reading development in this setting. The influence of standards in providing goals for instructional outcomes is also discussed. Changes in the form of assessment are unlikely to enhance equity unless we change the ways in which assessments are used: from sorting mechanisms to diagnostic supports; from external monitors of performance to locally generated tools for inquiring deeply into teaching and learning, (Darling- Hammond, 1994: 7)
A Seamless Transition Scheme of Position Sensorless Control in Industrial Permanent Magnet Motor (PMM) Drives with Output Filter and Transformer for Electric Submersible Pumps

This paper proposes a position sensorless control scheme for induction and permanent magnetic Low Voltage (LV) motor drives with an output filter and transformer for an Electric Submersible Pump (ESP). The sensorless strategy covers the full speed range for ESP drives. An open velocity loop, current regulated sensorless controller is utilized to drive induction and permanent magnet motors during starting and at low speeds. A field oriented controller (FOC) that utilizes an estimated rotor position based upon motor back electromotive force (EMF) is utilized to drive the motor at higher speeds. A seamless transition between controllers for the two operational modes, i.e. low speed control and high speed control, is proposed in this paper. With velocity mode control over the full speed range and mode control hysteresis, a smooth transition between open loop and EMF-based observer control can be achieved. The sensorless control scheme presented in this paper has been implemented in a commercial drive for an Electric Submersible Pump (deep well) application.
Spatiotemporal Variation in the Continental US Streamflow in Association with Large-Scale Climate Signals Across Multiple Spectral Bands

The study attempts to investigate the significant spatiotemporal variations in the continental United States’ streamflow as a response to large-scale climate signals across multiple spectral bands (SBs). Using non-parametric (long-term) trend and (abrupt) shift detection tests, coupled with discrete wavelet transform, 237 unimpaired streamflow stations were analyzed over a study period of 62 years (1951 to 2012), looking at the water year and seasonal data, along with three discrete SBs of two, four, and eight years. Wavelet coherence analysis, derived from continuous wavelet transform, determined the association between the regional streamflow patterns and three large-scale climate signals, i.e., El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO), Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), and Atlantic Multi-decadal Oscillation (AMO), across continuous SBs ranging from two to 16 years. The results indicated significant positive (negative) trends and shifts in the northeastern and north-central (northwestern) regions with an increase in the number of stations as the SBs increased. The spatiotemporal association between regional streamflow and the climate signals varied significantly (from no correlation, Rn2~ 0, to perfect correlation, Rn2~ 1.0) even amongst adjacent regions. Among the climate signals, ENSO showed the highest association (Rn2~ 1.0), having a consistent phase relationship with the regional streamflow patterns, especially in the higher SBs. PDO (with the least influence among the three signals) and AMO showed stronger associations, mostly in the lower SBs. These results may help explain the teleconnections between the climate signals and the US streamflow variations across multiple SBs, which may lead to improved regional flow regulations.
Iron-catalyzed Doyle-Kirmse reaction of allyl sulfides with (trimethylsilyl)diazomethane

Iron salts efficiently catalyze the Doyle−Kirmse reaction of allyl sulfides with (trimethylsilyl)diazomethane and ethyl diazoacetate in dichloroethane at 83 °C. Competitive dimerization is less of a problem with (trimethylsilyl)diazomethane than with ethyl diazoacetate. Good results are obtained using only 1.5 equiv of (trimethylsilyl)diazomethane, even without slow addition. Phosphine ligands affect the kinetics, but not the diastereoselectivity. Dppe and BINAP lead to higher yields than dppp, but no enantioselection was detected with R-(+)-BINAP.
Rouch\'e's Theorem and the Geometry of Rational Functions

In this note, we use Rouche's theorem and the pleasant properties of the arithmetic of the logarithmic derivative to establish several new results regarding the geometry of the zeros, poles, and critical points of a rational function. Included is an improvement on a result by Alexander and Walsh regarding the distance from a given zero or pole of a rational function to the nearest critical point.
Determining the Catalyst Properties That Lead to High Activity and Selectivity for Catalytic Hydrodeoxygenation with Ruthenium Pincer Complexes

Ten ruthenium pincer complexes were evaluated as catalysts for the hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) reaction on a lignin monomer surrogate, vanillyl alcohol. Four of these complexes are reported herein with the synthesis and full characterization data for all and single-crystal X-ray diffraction data for three complexes bearing OH/O–, NMe2, and Me substituents on the pincer. A systematic study of these CNC pincer complexes revealed that the π-donor substituent on the pyridine ring plays a key role in enhancing the yield of the desired deoxygenated product. While OMe, OH, and NMe2 are all effective as π-donor substituents on the central pyridine ring in the pincer, the highest conversion to products and the best selectivity was observed with OH substituents and added sodium carbonate as a base. Base serves to deprotonate the OH group and form 1O- as observed spectroscopically. Furthermore, efforts to use other catalysts have revealed that free or labile sites are needed on the ruthenium center and an electronicall...
Grassroots interventions for alcohol use disorders in the Mexican immigrant community: A narrative literature review.

This narrative literature review addresses grassroots interventions for alcohol use disorders as practiced in Mexican immigrant communities. These organic efforts are 24-hour AA groups, or anexos, ...
Parameter identification of thermal model of vanadium redox batteries by metaheuristic algorithms

Abstract Typically, the battery stack temperature assumes constant in electrochemical or equivalent circuit models of the battery. However, experiments on a Vanadium Redox Flow Battery (VRFB) unit show that the temperature varies significantly during charge and discharge processes and considerably affects the value of the State of Charge (SoC) and other battery internal parameters. Therefore, monitoring and modeling the battery temperature is essential. An electrochemical based thermal model of VRFBs is adapted to the experimental data of a nine-cell VRFB unit in this study to find the optimal values of the coefficients and parameters of the VRFB's electrochemical and thermal models. The electrochemical model of VRFB and its thermal model include many unknown parameters and coefficients that need to be estimated. The objective of the current study is to determine the optimal value of all of these unknown parameters. According to the literature, the empirical methods are not sufficient to accurately determine the model's coefficients and parameters. An Optimization framework is defined to identify these coefficients by minimizing the mean square error between the measured experimental data of VRFB and the electrochemical model-based terminal voltage and electrolyte temperature. Moreover, a VRFB cell's electrochemical and thermal models are highly nonlinear; thus, excellent optimization techniques are needed to find these coefficients and parameters. A few metaheuristic optimizers are tested on the proposed optimization framework, where three of these algorithms have shown consistent and able to converge to reliable solutions. These algorithms are Genetic Algorithm (GA), Particle Swarm Optimizer (PSO), and Ant Lion Optimizer (ALO). The low RMS errors of the estimations by the metaheuristic-based algorithms compared to the measured data, show the accuracy of the proposed parameter identification approaches of VRFB's electrochemical and thermal model.
F*ck the police: resistance, agency, and power in Black male racial–sexual pleasure

With media attention highlighting the murders of unarmed Black men at the hands of police, questions have risen regarding pornographic films that eroticize White ‘police' abuse of Black ‘suspects'....
Bilateral renal descensus and intravesicular ureteroneocystostomy for treatment of bilateral ureteral ligation and transection that occurred during ovariohysterectomy in two cats.

CASE DESCRIPTION 6-month-old and 7-month-old spayed female domestic shorthair cats were referred because of complications associated with inadvertent bilateral ureteral ligation and transection during ovariohysterectomy. CLINICAL FINDINGS Both cats had a 1- to 2-day history of lethargy, inappetence, and vomiting. Initial exam findings included lethargy, signs of abdominal pain, anuria, and dehydration. Clinicopathologic testing revealed azotemia and hyperkalemia. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed peritoneal effusion and bilateral pyelectasia in both cats and retroperitoneal effusion in one. Fluid analysis in both cats supported a diagnosis of uroabdomen. TREATMENT AND OUTCOME Exploratory celiotomy was performed in both cats, and bilateral ureteral ligation and transection was confirmed. Bilateral renal descensus and ureteroneocystostomy with an intravesicular mucosal apposition technique was successfully performed in both cats. Clinicopathologic evaluation performed 1 day after surgery in one cat and 5 days after surgery in the other revealed complete resolution of azotemia. Ultrasonographic examination of the urogenital tract performed approximately 4 months after surgery in the first cat and 1 month after surgery in the second cat revealed complete resolution of renal pelvic dilation bilaterally. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Bilateral intravesicular ureteroneocystostomy in conjunction with bilateral renal descensus was used successfully to treat bilateral ureteral transection that occurred in 2 cats during routine ovariohysterectomy. Limited treatment options currently exist for this serious complication, and euthanasia is often considered. This technique, which relies on the use of the natural surrounding tissues for successful treatment, can offer a potential treatment option to correct this uncommon but devastating complication.
Ethical Issues Concerning the Use of Videoconferencing to Supervise International Social Work Field Practicum Students

Increasing numbers of social work training programs are offering international field practicum placements. However, because it is difficult to provide appropriate, high quality supervision that is needed over large distances, many educators and researchers are calling for the greater use of Internet based videoconferencing to deliver remote supervision. This article examines current ethical guidelines affecting the use of videoconferencing in the supervision of students nationally and internationally. The authors suggest protocols to address ethical and professional practice issues that are likely to arise as a result of using videoconferencing to conduct supervision across international borders.
Cognate Memory CD4+ T Cells Generated with Dendritic Cell Priming Influence the Expansion, Trafficking, and Differentiation of Secondary CD8+ T Cells and Enhance Tumor Control

CD4(+) T cells are known to provide support for the activation and expansion of primary CD8(+) T cells, their subsequent differentiation, and ultimately their survival as memory cells. However, the importance of cognate memory CD4(+) T cells in the expansion of memory CD8(+) T cells after re-exposure to Ag has been not been examined in detail. Using bone marrow-derived dendritic cells pulsed with cognate or noncognate MHC class I- and class II-restricted peptides, we examined whether the presence of memory CD4(+) T cells with the same Ag specificity as memory CD8(+) T cells influenced the quantity and quality of the secondary CD8(+) T cell response. After recombinant vaccinia virus-mediated challenge, we demonstrate that, although cognate memory CD4(+) T cells are not required for activation of secondary CD8(+) T cells, their presence enhances the expansion of cognate memory CD8(+) T cells. Cognate CD4(+) T cell help results in an approximate 2-fold increase in the frequency of secondary CD8(+) T cells in secondary lymphoid tissues, and can be accounted for by enhanced proliferation in the secondary CD8(+) T cell population. In addition, cognate memory CD4(+) T cells further selectively enhance secondary CD8(+) T cell infiltration of tumor-associated peripheral tissue, and this is accompanied by increased differentiation into effector phenotype within the secondary CD8(+) T cell population. The consequence of these improvements to the magnitude and phenotype of the secondary CD8(+) T cell response is substantial increase in control of tumor outgrowth.