cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Open to all? Nationwide evaluation of high-priority web accessibility considerations among higher education websites

This study seeks to evaluate the basic Priority 1 web accessibility of all college and university websites in the US (n = 3141). Utilizing web scraping and automated content analysis, the study establishes that even in the case of high-priority, simple-to-address accessibility requirements, colleges and universities generally fail to make their sites accessible. Results should be used to determine reasonable and simple steps for moving toward accessible design in institutional websites, which is necessary to ensure that institutional resources can be open and useable by all.
Abuse liability of intravenous buprenorphine vs. buprenorphine/naloxone: Importance of absolute naloxone amount.

Abstract Background This study sought to determine the relative importance of a range of Bup/Nx doses compared to Bup alone in producing subjective and reinforcing effects. Methods Heroin-using volunteers (n = 13) were transitioned onto daily oral hydromorphone (40 mg). Laboratory sessions assessed the reinforcing and subjective effects of intravenous (IV) doses of Bup (1.51, 2.16, 6.15, and 8.64 mg) and Bup/Nx (1.51/0.44, 2.16/0.61, 6.15/1.71, and 8.64/2.44 mg). Placebo (Pbo), heroin (25 mg) and Nx (0.3 mg) were tested as neutral, positive, and negative controls, respectively. Results IV Bup alone was self-administered substantially less than IV heroin, though the two largest doses of Bup produced positive subjective effects, drug “Liking” (0–100 mm), which were comparable to heroin (mean difference: Heroin vs Bup 6.15 mg: −3.4 mm, Heroin vs Bup 8.64 mg: −11.3 mm). All indicators of abuse potential seen with IV Bup alone were substantially decreased with the addition of Nx. All Bup/Nx combinations produced ratings of aversive effects, “Bad”, which were comparable to, or greater than IV, Nx. On three of the four measures of aversive effects, the largest difference is seen with the 8.64 vs 8.64/2.44 condition. Conclusions This study further demonstrates the ability of the Bup/Nx combination to deter IV use. Although none of the Bup/Nx combinations showed indications of abuse potential, formulations with larger absolute Nx, may be less abusable as they precipitate a greater degree of withdrawal.
Star struck: Effects of high performers on peer proactive performance

The promise of synergy so often eludes teams–partially due to the fact that each team member can opt to proactively contribute or socially loaf within the team. While they cannot change member pers...
Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species

The diversity of nocturnal velvet ants at Joshua Tree National Park (JTNP) is investigated along with seasonal activity. The diversity of velvet ants found at JTNP is compared to the diversity of velvet ants found at the Algodones Sand Dunes, Philip L. Boyd Deep Canyon Desert Research Center, Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge and the Nevada Test Site. Diagnoses and a key are provided for the velvet ants of JTNP. Forty-one species in six genera, based on 10,202 specimens collected from a transect of 14 sampling sites transitioning from the Mojave to the Sonoran deserts, are found to inhabit areas in and around the park. Odontophotopsis dalyi, O. odontoloxia and Photomorphus schoenwerthi are described as new species . Odontophotopsis ( Odontophotopsis ) ambigua Mickel (1983) is a junior synonym of O. delodonta Viereck (1904), new synonym. The females of too few of the species are known, so only the males are treated. A key to all of the species and illustrations for those species not previously illustrated are provided for the males.
Teaching mixed methods research: using a socio-ecological framework as a pedagogical approach for addressing the complexity of the field*

Mixed methods research is growing in acceptance and complexity, which translates into significant pedagogical challenges for teaching about mixed methods research. To address this challenge and to ...
Using Opponent Modeling to Adapt Team Play in American Football

An issue with learning effective policies in multiagent adversarial games is that the size of the search space can be prohibitively large when the actions of both teammates and opponents are considered simultaneously. Opponent modeling, predicting an opponent’s actions in advance of execution, is one approach for selecting actions in adversarial settings, but it is often performed in an ad hoc way. This chapter introduces several methods for using opponent modeling, in the form of predictions about the players’ physical movements, to learn team policies. To explore the problem of decision making in multiagent adversarial scenarios, we use our approach for both offline play generation and real-time team response in the Rush 2008 American Football Simulator. Simultaneously predicting movement trajectories, future reward, and play strategies of multiple players in real time is a daunting task, but we illustrate how it is possible to divide and conquer this problem with an assortment of data-driven models.
Failure Probability Estimation of Long Pipeline

It is well known that, for the majority of pressurized pipelines, both the load and the resistance parameters show evident uncertainty, and a probabilistic approach should be applied to assess their behaviors. Concerning reliability estimation of passive components such as pressure vessel and pipeline, there are two kinds of approaches – direct estimation using statistics of historical failure event data, and indirect estimation using probabilistic analysis of the failure phenomena of consideration. The direct estimation method can be validated relatively easily. However, it suffers statistical uncertainty due to scarce data. Indirect estimation method relies on the statistics of material property and those of environment load which are more readily available. As to systems composed of passive components, statistical dependence among component failures is a complex issue that cannot be ignored in reliability estimation.
Clinical Examination of the Patient with Posterior Hip Pain

Advancements in the understanding of hip joint anatomy and biomechanics have contributed to the improvement of diagnosis and treatment decisions for distal causes of deep gluteal syndrome (DGS). Ischiofemoral impingement, hamstring syndrome, and pudendal nerve entrapment are sources of posterior hip pain that can simulate symptoms of DGS. To evaluate the etiology of posterior hip pain, it is necessary to understand and assess the interaction between the osseous, capsulolabral, musculotendinous, neurovascular, and kinematic levels. The combination of a comprehensive history and physical examination with imaging and ancillary testing is critical to diagnose posterior hip pain. Six key physical examination tests are described to differentiate distal versus proximal sources of extrapelvic posterior hip pain. Differential diagnosis of DGS, IFI, hamstring syndrome, and pudendal nerve entrapment is dependent upon the understanding of the entire anatomy, biomechanics, and clinical presentation of posterior hip pain.
Intersectionality Is Not a Choice: Reflections of a Queer Scholar of Color on Teaching, Writing, and Belonging in LGBTQ Studies and Academia.

Drawing on my experience as a queer, genderqueer, Puerto Rican counselor educator, this article considers how LGBTQAI+ studies and academia can expand to better include people with multiple margina...
A Comparison of Patient-Reported Health-Related Quality of Life During Proton Versus Photon Chemoradiation Therapy for Esophageal Cancer.

Abstract Purpose The purpose of this study was to compare Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Esophagus (FACT-E) questionnaire changes during proton (PRT) or photon (XRT) chemoradiation therapy (CRT) for esophageal cancer (EC). Methods and Materials We reviewed patients enrolled in a prospective registry who received preoperative or definitive CRT for EC. Patients completed the FACT-E before CRT and during the last week of CRT. Analysis of variance testing was used to assess associations between patient and treatment characteristics and FACT-E score changes. Results One hundred twenty-five patients completed a baseline and posttreatment FACT-E; 63 received XRT and 62 received PRT. The mean age was 65 years; the PRT group was older (68 vs 64 years, P = .0063). The following characteristics were similar between cohorts: 83% male, 78% adenocarcinoma, and 89% stage II-III. The radiation therapy prescription dose was higher in the PRT group (≥50 Gy in 94% vs 67%, P Conclusions For patients receiving CRT for EC, PRT was associated with less decline in FACT-E scores compared with XRT.
How has DSM-5 Affected Autism Diagnosis? A 5-Year Follow-Up Systematic Literature Review and Meta-analysis

We conducted a 5-year follow-up systematic review and meta-analysis to determine change in frequency of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) diagnosis since diagnostic and statistical manual 5 (DSM-5) publication and explore the impact of Social Communication Disorder (SCD). For 33 included studies, use of DSM-5 criteria suggests decreases in diagnosis for ASD [20.8% (16.0–26.7), p < 0.001], DSM-IV-TR Autistic Disorder [10.1% (6.2–16.0), p < 0.001], and Asperger’s [23.3% (12.9–38.5), p = 0.001]; pervasive developmental disorder-not otherwise specified decrease was not significant [46.1% (34.6–58.0), p = 0.52]. Less than one-third [28.8% (13.9–50.5), p = 0.06] of individuals diagnosed with DSM-IV-TR but not DSM-5 ASD would qualify for SCD. Findings suggest smaller decreases in ASD diagnoses compared to earlier reviews. Future research is needed as concerns remain for impaired individuals without a diagnosis.
Crown Lengthening and Prosthodontic Considerations

When practicing dentistry to an optimal level, the clinician is often faced with a dilemma of insufficient clinical crown or dimension to the periodontal attachment apparatus. The surgical intervention of “crown lengthening” positions the new dentogingival junction at a more apical level on the root surface so that a newly reformed junctional epithelium and connective tissue attachment can be accommodated. Reasons may vary from functional requirements, esthetic demands, or a combination of both. The clinicians thought process must hold in account what he/she must address clinically in conjunction with the patients thoughts and concerns. Is the tooth salvageable, is the biologic cost worth the price sacrificing the tissues, or what would the damage be to the supporting periodontium? We have purported to review this discussion with insight into the biological structures, techniques, and methodologies of surgical interventions and cognitive rationale for either functional or esthetic crown lengthening procedures. We review the procedures which have been developed, tested, and taught over the past many decades so that the clinician can predictably restore the dentition when it has been damaged by caries, trauma, or needs to be altered for esthetic concerns.
Subcutaneous mass concerning for sarcoma: a peculiar presentation of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) can present in a number of different ways, including as a primary cutaneous lesion or at various other extranodal sites. However, it is rare for a DLBCL to present as a clinically subcutaneous mass without visible skin changes or nodal involvement. A 36-year-old man presented with a 4×4×1 cm subcutaneous mass to his shoulder with normal overlying skin which had been enlarging over 6 months. Physical exam and imaging together made a strong case for sarcoma, and the patient underwent a radical resection. The final pathological diagnosis returned as a diffuse B-cell lymphoma (germinal centre type). The patient subsequently healed and tolerated chemotherapy well. DLBCL can masquerade as a soft tissue mass at initial presentation. If the diagnosis is not clear, a biopsy should be pursued.
The Government's Speech and the Constitution

When we discuss constitutional law, we usually focus on the constitutional rules that apply to what the government does. Far less clear are the constitutional rules that apply to what the government says. When does the speech of this unusually powerful speaker violate our constitutional rights and liberties? More specifically, when does the government's expression threaten liberty or equality? And under what circumstances does the Constitution prohibit our government from lying to us? In The Government's Speech and the Constitution, Professor Helen Norton investigates the variety and abundance of the government's speech, from early proclamations and simple pamphlets, to the electronic media of radio and television, and ultimately to today's digital age. This enables us to understand how the government's speech has changed the world for better and for worse, and why the government's speech deserves our attention, and at times our concern.
Low ALK FISH positive metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients have shorter progression-free survival after treatment with ALK inhibitors

Abstract ALK FISH assay guides clinical decision to initiate therapy with ALK inhibitors in patients with stage IV non-small cells lung cancer (NSCLC). In this single institution retrospective study, we investigated the association between the strength of ALK positivity and progression-free survival (PFS) We screened 4,829 patients tested for ALK rearrangement by FISH from 01/06/2012 to 06/30/2018 and included 66 stage IV NSCLC ALK positive patients, who were ALK inhibitor naive, received an ALK inhibitor, and been followed at least 10 months to the study. The median PFS for cases high positive cases [≥=50% positive nuclei; n = 49] and low positive cases [16–49% positive nuclei; n = 17] is 16 months and 4 months respectively, and the hazard ratio is 2.89 [95 CI 1.34–6.2] (p = 0.0068). When cases are stratified according to cut-off ≥=30% positive nuclei, the median PFS for cases above (n = 55) and below the cut-off (n = 11) is 12 and 3 months, respectively and the hazard ratio is 9.60 [95 CI 2.63–35.04] (p
The role of lymph node dissection in pT2-3 renal cell carcinoma: Analysis of the National Cancer Database.

756Background: We sought to assess the impact of LND in non metastatic pT2-3 patients utilizing a large population-based dataset. Methods: The National Cancer Database was queried for patients with...
Sex Differences in Insulin Sensitivity are Related to Muscle Tissue Acylcarnitine But Not Subcellular Lipid Distribution.

OBJECTIVE Sex differences in insulin sensitivity are present throughout the life-span, with men having a higher prevalence of insulin resistance and diabetes compared with women. Differences in lean mass, fat mass, and fat distribution-particularly ectopic fat-have all been postulated to contribute to the sexual dimorphism in diabetes risk. Emerging data suggest ectopic lipid composition and subcellular localization are most relevant; however, it is not known whether they explain sex differences in obesity-induced insulin resistance. METHODS To address this gap, this study evaluated insulin sensitivity and subcellular localization of intramuscular triacylglycerol, diacylglycerol, and sphingolipids as well as muscle acylcarnitines and serum lipidomics in people with obesity. RESULTS Insulin sensitivity was significantly lower in men (P < 0.05); however, no sex differences were found in localization of intramuscular triacylglycerol, diacylglycerol, or sphingolipids in skeletal muscle. In contrast, men had higher total muscle acylcarnitine (P < 0.05) and long-chain muscle acylcarnitine (P < 0.05), which were related to lower insulin sensitivity (r = -0.42, P < 0.05). Men also displayed higher serum ceramide (P = 0.05) and lysophosphatidylcholine (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS These data reveal novel sex-specific associations between lipid species involved in the coupling of mitochondrial fatty acid transport, β-oxidation, and tricarboxylic acid cycle flux that may provide therapeutic targets to improve insulin sensitivity.
Reals and Positive Partition Relations

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses several remarks and informations about the partition relation. The chapter presents preservation theorem for uncountable cardinals κ. “Standard poset for adding a number of independent reals” means any of the standard posets for adding side-by-side a number of, for example—Cohen, random, Sacks, and Silver reals. The chapter presents a theorem for a certain class of reals, typical members of which are Sacks and Silver reals. The chapter presents the construction of long l-homogeneous sets.
Equilibrium in incomplete markets: II: Generic existence in stochastic economies

Abstract This paper demonstrates the generic existence of equilibria with incomplete markets in a stochastic economy. Uncertainty is represented by an event tree. Securities that are claims to bundles of commodities and units of account at future dates, contingent on states of the world, are sold at each date and state. There is an insufficient number of securities to complete markets, even with the spanning advantages of repeated trade through time. Preferences are ‘smooth’. We include partial results for linear restrictions on trading strategies, and show that security prices may be assigned to be the conditional expected sum of the future spot market values of dividends.
Construction of physical and genetic maps of Chlamydia trachomatis serovar L2 by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis.

Abstract We constructed the physical map of Chlamydia trachomatis serovar L2 by using three restriction endonucleases, NotI (GC[GGCCGC), SgrAI (C(A/G)[CCGG(T/G)G), and Sse8387I (CCTGCA[GG), and we analyzed the fragments by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. A total of 25 restriction endonuclease sites and 13 genes and/or operons were located on the map. The genome size was determined to be 1,045 kb. Neither highly transcribed chlamydia genes nor developmental cycle-specific genes were clustered on the genome.
Near-term solution for efficient merging of aircraft on uncoordinated terminal RNAV routes

In this paper, we extend spacing of performance based arrivals on converging routes (SPACR) to include a potential use of required time of arrival (RTA) and present an operational concept using it in conjunction with lateral offsets and converging runway display aid (CRDA). We present analytic results related to ground computation of RTA and matching that with the airborne computation. Results of human-in-the-loop experiments related to using SPACR to manage the final merge using only CRDA are reported.
Finite time domain studies of plasmonic nano-structures across wide frequency ranges

We present analytic models describing the optical properties of the noble metals at frequencies from .5–7eV. With a single finite difference time domain calculation, these models enable a complete spectral description of plasmonic nano-structure properties.
LEARNING AND THE STABILITY OF CYCLES

We investigate the extent to which agents can learn to coordinate on stationary perfect-foresight cycles in a general-equilibrium environment. Depending on the value of a preference parameter, the limiting backward (direction of time reversed) perfect-foresight dynamics are characterized by steady-state, periodic, or chaotic trajectories for real money balances. We relax the perfect-foresight assumption and examine how a population of artificial, heterogeneous adaptive agents might learn in such an environment. These artificial agents optimize given their forecasts of future prices, and they use forecast rules that are consistent with steady-state or periodic trajectories for prices. The agents' forecast rules are updated by a genetic algorithm. We find that the population of artificial adaptive agents is able eventually to coordinate on steady state and low-order cycles, but not on the higher-order periodic equilibria that exist under the perfect-foresight assumption.
Radiation Dose Reduction in Pediatric Body CT Using Iterative Reconstruction and a Novel Image-Based Denoising Method

OBJECTIVE. The objective of this study was to evaluate the radiation dose reduction potential of a novel image-based denoising technique in pediatric abdominopelvic and chest CT examinations and compare it with a commercial iterative reconstruction method. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Data were retrospectively collected from 50 (25 abdominopelvic and 25 chest) clinically indicated pediatric CT examinations. For each examination, a validated noise-insertion tool was used to simulate half-dose data, which were reconstructed using filtered back-projection (FBP) and sinogram-affirmed iterative reconstruction (SAFIRE) methods. A newly developed denoising technique, adaptive nonlocal means (aNLM), was also applied. For each of the 50 patients, three pediatric radiologists evaluated four datasets: full dose plus FBP, half dose plus FBP, half dose plus SAFIRE, and half dose plus aNLM. For each examination, the order of preference for the four datasets was ranked. The organ-specific diagnosis and diagnostic confidence f...
A robust adaptive controller using fuzzy logic approach

This paper deals with the synthesis of a robust adaptive controller considering the nonlinearities of SISO system. Processes such as blast furnace, cement kiln, digesters etc. are nonlinear and their order of mathematical model is not known. These processes are nonlinear to the extent that they can be controlled only by expert human operator. A fuzzy interface is introduced in this paper to model such a process into piecewise linear system online. This model is identified and is used by an adaptive pole placement controller to make the system robust. Simulation results are shown for verification. >
Using spatiotemporal species distribution models to identify temporally evolving hotspots of species co-occurrence.

Identifying spatiotemporal hotspots is important for understanding basic ecological processes, but is particularly important for species at risk. A number of terrestrial and aquatic species are indirectly affected by anthropogenic impacts, simply because they tend to be associated with species that are targeted for removals. Using newly developed statistical models that allow for the inclusion of time-varying spatial effects, we examine how the co-occurrence of a targeted and nontargeted species can be modeled as a function of environmental covariates (temperature, depth) and interannual variability. The nontarget species in our case study (eulachon) is listed under the U.S. Endangered Species Act, and is encountered by fisheries off the U.S. West Coast that target pink shrimp. Results from our spatiotemporal model indicated that eulachon bycatch risk decreases with depth and has a convex relationship with sea surface temperature. Additionally, we found that over the 2007–2012 period, there was support for an increase in eulachon density from both a fishery data set (+40%) and a fishery-independent data set (+55%). Eulachon bycatch has increased in recent years, but the agreement between these two data sets implies that increases in bycatch are not due to an increase in incidental targeting of eulachon by fishing vessels, but because of an increasing population size of eulachon. Based on our results, the application of spatiotemporal models to species that are of conservation concern appears promising in identifying the spatial distribution of environmental and anthropogenic risks to the population.
Technique of phase-velocity change determination using continuous waves in a solid medium

Abstract Experiments involving phase-velocity change determination by means of continuous waves in a solid medium with boundaries can be designed and operated to avoid difficulties due to component non-stationarity or to presence of several wave modes. Site, gauge, and transmitter geometry have great effect on the radiation and propagation of body and surface waves and may be chosen to avoid unwanted modes within the gauge length. Technique for determination of velocities of the wave modes within the gauge length, which implies the ability to identify those wave modes which are present, is described.
An attempt to Date Text 3 of Enuma Anu Enlil, Tablets 50-51 'Tentative date December 2, - 1878"

astrological interpretations. A special section of Enuma Anu Enlil that deals with lunar and solar eclipses is a most fruitful source for the determination of ancient chronology, assuming that the eclipses described are based on actual observations. In 1921 Morris Jastrow [1] translated the well-preserved Tablet 21. Ever since, a number of investigators, including Langdon & Fotheringham 1928 [2], Weidner 1954 [3], Schaumberger 1956 [4], and Reiner. & Pingree 1981 [5] have worked on these tablets. In 1982 Peter J. Huber [6] refined the eclipse calculations using modern digital computers. He has calculated a lunar eclipse of 2093 for the patricide eclipse; it refers to the assassination of Shulgi, the king of Ur, by one of his sons. In this paper it will be shown that the omen in Text 3 of tablets 50-51 of Enuma Anu Enlil uses the Mul-Apin principles of naked-eye astronomy. The principles of the simultaneously rising and setting constellations, and occasionally the heliacal rising of planet Jupiter compared to the setting of some constellations are used (28a, 28b). Text 3 seems to describe an event in which a lunar eclipse is taking place when Mars enters the constellation of Scorpius. The statement in text 3 points out that the planet Saturn is quite likely to be in the constellation of Corvus. The planet Jupiter is near the bright star Capella, (Mul-Gam), the planet Mercury is in Sagittarius, the planet Mars stands in Scorpius, and the Moon has the same longitude as Orion. Based on the interpretation of data in Text 3 for planets Saturn, Jupiter, Mars, Mercury and Moon, a search is made between -2500 and -501. This resulted in a unique solution of the Lunar Eclipse Dec. 2, 1878. Accepting the date of the lunar eclipse, we may conclude that:
An Evaluation of the Schiotz Sklar Corneal Tonometer used on the Sclera

SUMMARY This study on 132 randomly selected human eyes has shown that no significant differences would occur if intra-ocular tension measurements are taken on a sitting patient in the head-back position as compared to similar measurements taken on the same patient in the reclined position. Therefore the test can be optometrically applied as described without introducing any appreciable variable. Secondly, it has been shown in this study on 240 randomly selected eyes that the use of the Schiotz Corneal Tonometer, when applied properly to the sclera, will yield similar information to that obtained when it is applied to the anaesthetised cornea, and it is therefore recommended that such instrumentation be utilised by optometric practitioners after they have acquired the necessary manipulatory skills and orientation required for the proper clinical application of this procedure. The study has also included a measurement of 41 known glaucomatous eyes, as indicated in Figure 1, and it is noted that in every case, a positive glaucomatous reading where present, has been yielded in both methods of instrumentation. It is further noted that the increment of differences measured on the cornea as compared LO the sclera on this glaucomatous population did not differ from the measured increment of differences yielded on the total sample population. Further research on a larger glaucomatous population is desired and future efforts should be directed in this area. A number of new areas of investigation now seems fruitful. Realising that any corneal applied instrumentation still may produce some subjective undesirable responses on the part of an unanaesthetised patient, it would be interesting to compare the measurements yielded by the MacKay-Marg Electronic Tonometer applied to the unanaesthetised cornea compared to the measurements obtained if the same instrument probe were applied to one or more suitably selected scleral positions. In conjunction with this study, it would also be desirable to concurrently measure on the same eyes the Schiotz scleral tension as well as the Wolfe scleral tension. With these four measurements, it would be possible to have a circular comparison of the presently available optometric methods (if evaluating intra-ocular tension. This would produce a comparison of MacKay-Marg Electronic Tonometer measurements corneally as compared to scleral. Schiotz sclerdl findings could then be compared to MacKay-Marg scleral and corneal findings and Wolfe scleral findings could be compared to Schiotz scleral findings. Such comparison would yield levels of correlation between these forms of instrumentation and would help establish the existence of the most reliable method of optometrically evaluating intra-ocular tension.
SNA's design for networking

Systems Network Architecture (SNA) provides users with services needed in a networking environment: sharing of communication lines, directory services, connection establishment, improved reliability, management services, and an appropriate interface and set of facilities for distributed programming. It provides these services within the scope of a layered architecture that has evolved to the rich, set-functions and products that it supports. The major concepts of SNA are reviewed. The three major functions that a network provides-transporting data, enabling distributed programming, and application-level services-are discussed. >
Quantitative EEG Abnormalities in a Sample of Dyslexic Persons

Abstract Definitions of terms such as dyslexia and specific reading disability commonly recognize a basis in central nervous system dysfunction. Past research has related this dysfunction to both structural and neural timing abnormalities. The present study used QEEG findings to provide further evidence for neural timing/coherence abnormalities in reading disabled persons. Eight children and two adults were diagnosed with specific reading disability based on standard psychoeducational assessment. QEEGis were obtained from each using Lexicor Neurosearch 24 equipment, and analyzed using the Thatcher Life Span Reference Data Base. Standard print-outs depicting coherence, phase, amplitude asymmetry, and relative power abnormalities of each subject were inspected, and tallies made of the most frequently occurring significant deviations from the norms. The following abnormalities were found in 70% or more of the subjects: (1). abnormal coherence between one or more combination of sites P3, T5, T3, O1; (2) an eq...
A gastrointestinal function bioassay evaluation of the mycotoxin, T-2 trichothecene

Abstract The Fusarium -produced mycotoxin T-2 trichothecene toxin was administered to two groups of young CD-1 mice to test the effects on three parameters of intestinal motility. The criteria selected included composite motility (cm 2 /min), peak amplitude (mm) and contraction frequency (recorded peaks/min). T-2 treated mice showed an increase in composite motility in response to low dosage (0·085 mg/kg), and at the higher dosage (0·250 mg/kg) a decreased motility. In the lowest treatment group there was a mean decrease of 39·54% in contraction amplitude while contraction frequency increased by 24·84%. The motility measurements were obtained by perfusing 2 cm sections of small intestine, including the entire duodenum excised from mice pre-treated with mycotoxin. Contractions were recorded with a physiograph and the composite motility measurements were taken using a computer program to determine the area of the data curves. T-2 toxin caused an alteration in the amplitude and frequency of motility measurements, but no overall concentration-related changes were noted. T-2 toxin causes measurable responses in the duodenum which may be one of the sites-of-action for this mycotoxin.
Temperature transients of a fusion–fission ITER pebble bed reactor in loss of coolant accident

Abstract In this preliminary scoping study, post-accident temperature transients of several fusion–fission designs utilizing ITER-FEAT-like parameters and fission pebble bed fuel technology are examined using a 1-D cylindrical matlab heat transfer code along with conventional fission decay heat approximations. Scenarios studied include systems with no additional passive safety features to systems with melting reflectors designed to increase emissivity after reaching a specified temperature. Results show that for a total fission power of ∼1400–2800 MW, two of the realistic variants investigated are passively safe. The crucial time, defined as the time when either any structural part of the fusion–fission tokamak reaches melting point, or when the pebble fuel reaches 1873 K, ranges from 5.7 to 76 h for the unsafe configurations. Additionally, it is illustrated that, fundamentally, the LOCA characteristics of pure fission pebble beds and fusion–fission pebble beds are different. Namely, the former depends on the pebble fuel's large thermal capacity, along with external radiation and natural convective cooling, while the latter depends significantly more on the tokamak's sizeable total internal heat capacity. This difference originates from the fusion–fission reactor's conflicting goal of having to minimize heat transfer to the magnets during normal operation. These results are discussed in the context of overall fusion–fission reactor design and safety.
Pelvic marrow in adults

The appearance of hematopoietic marrow in magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is variable and differences between normal and pathologic marrow may be subtle. To aid in the evaluation of this problem, we reviewed 82 consecutive pelvic MR examinations in men with no evidence of osseous metastases. Images were evaluated with regard to the overall fraction of residual hematopoietic marrow present and the characteristics of this marrow. The patient population in our study was older (mean age 66 years) than the patient populations in previous papers documenting normal marrow patterns. The overall amount of hematopoietic marrow present was less in this older patient population, with 80% of patients having less then 40% residual hematopoietic marrow. A consistent pattern of morphologic change was noted as hematopoietic marrow converted to fatty marrow with increasing age. Initially, hematopoietic marrow tended to appear diffuse, heterogeneous, and with poorly defined margins on MR imaging. As conversion to fatty marrow continued, hematopoietic marrow became more focal and sharply defined, usually in the form of islands of residual hematopoietic marrow. Periarticular hematopoietic marrow predominated in the sacroiliac region (72% of patients) with little residual hematopoietic marrow noted in the symphysis pubis (5%) and hip joints (30%). Hematopoietic marrow persisted longer in juxtacortical locations (87%), was always symmetric (100%), remained less intense than fat on T2-weighted images (100%), and usually had a central focus of fat (98%). These morphologic criteria may be of value in establishing the MR appearance and patterns of marrow in the pelvis, and in the recognition and confident diagnosis of foci of hematopoietic marrow.
Homogeneous line broadening of optical transitions of ions and molecules in glasses

We review the work which has been carried out in the last decade on the linewidths of optical transitions in glasses. The techniques of fluorescence line narrowing, spectral hole burning and photon echoes have been used to obtain homogeneous linewidths (Γh) in the presence of strong inhomogeneous broadening in glasses. After a brief survey of experimental techniques, we review measurements made on rare-earth and transition-metal-doped glasses as well as organic molecules in glasses and polymers. In inorganic systems high-temperature (> 20 K) data show an approximately quadratic temperature dependence, while below this linear and T1.3 power laws have been found. For organic systems at low temperatures an almost universal T1.3 dependence of Γh is observed. Numerous theories have been proposed to explain these results and these are summarized. There is no real microscopic understanding of the origin of optical line broadening over a broad temperature range though several models containing important concepts have been proposed. More complete experimental data on few well-characterized systems are still needed as are theories to relate Γh to other glass properties.
Expression of the FMR1 gene.

Fragile X syndrome is a trinucleotide repeat disorder in which a (CGG)n element located within the 5′ untranslated region of the Fragile X Mental Retardation 1 (FMR1) gene expands to more t
Non-linear kernel-based precomputed light transport

We propose a real-time method for rendering static objects with complex materials under distant all-frequency lighting. Existing precomputed light transport approaches [Sloan et al. 2002; Ng et al. 2003] can render objects with complex material properties (e.g., anisotropy, translucency) and complex global illumination effects (e.g., inter-reflections, soft shadows, subsurface scattering). However, they are either restricted to low-frequency illumination or they assume a fixed viewer.
Forage Growth and Performance of Grazing Dairy Cows Fed Concentrates with or Without Sodium Bicarbonate

Abstract Groups of 12 and 13 Holstein cows grazed rotarionally on mixtures of grasses and red clover. Cows were 28 to 150 days into lactation at start of the experiment. They were fed concentrate at 1 kg/3 kg of 4% fat-corrected milk with or without 1.9% sodium bicarbonate in a switchover trial of two 8-wk periods. Forage growth and composition, amounts available for grazing, and average intake were measured by subsamples clipped prior to and after each grazing and by use of cages placed in the field. Milk yields averaged 29.9 kg daily by cows on each treatment. Milk fat percentage decreased moderately when cows first went to pasture but were not different during the trial at 3.24 and 3.27% on control and buffer treatments. Milk protein percentages, proportions of ruminal volatile fatty acids, and body weight gains did not differ with treatment. Available forage exceeded 17 kg dry matter per cow daily. It was of good quality, as indicated by crude protein contents of 19 and 22%, acid detergent fiber less than 35%, and 67 to 70% in vitro digestibility. Average intake of forage dry matter, measured by the sward cutting technique, was 12.6 kg per cow daily over the 16 wk.
New Imaging Techniques for Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis

No imaging modality has yet been proven to reliably differentiate simple hepatic steatosis from steatohepatitis. This review focuses on the predominant non-nuclear imaging modalities available to clinicians at the present time. The key feature of the techniques outlined in this review that demonstrate the most interesting results have one thing in common: imaging is not performed in a passive manner but is undertaken as a method to investigate functional differences between simple hepatic steatosis and steatohepatitis based upon the current working model for pathogenesis and progression. The purpose of this article is to review the strengths and weakness of current clinical and experimental imaging modalities for noninvasive detection of NAFLD, with an emphasis on NASH.
Antarctic stratospheric chemistry of chlorine nitrate, hydrogen chloride, and ice: release of active chlorine

The reaction rate between atmospheric hydrogen chloride (HCl) and chlorine nitrate (ClONO2) is greatly enhanced in the presence of ice particles; HCl dissolves readily into ice, and the collisional reaction probability for ClONO2 on the surface of ice with HCl in the mole fraction range from about 0.003 to 0.010 is in the range from about 0.05 to 0.1 for temperatures near 200 K. Chlorine is released into the gas phase on a time scale of at most a few milliseconds, whereas nitric acid (HNO3), the other product, remains in the condensed phase. This reaction could play an important role in explaining the observed depletion of ozone over Antarctica; it releases photolytically active chlorine from its most abundant reservoir species, and it promotes the formation of HNO3 and thus removes nitrogen dioxide from the gas phase. Hence it establishes the necessary conditions for the efficient catalytic destruction of ozone by halogenated free radicals.
Primary malignant pulmonary hemangiopericytoma

A primary malignant pulmonary hemangiopericytoma was diagnosed in a 45-year-old woman who complained of 10 months of cough and exertional dyspnea. One year after resection of the mass, a metastatic lesion was removed from the contralateral lung. The literature on this unusual pulmonary lesion is reviewed.
Emergency liver transplantation in fulminant hepatitis.

Seven patients with hepatitis delta virus (HDV) cirrhosis underwent liver transplantation. In every case the HDV infection was florid but accompanied by an inactive hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. The patients were given anti-HB surface antigen (HBsAg) serum globulins and HBV vaccine. Two patients cleared the HBsAg and the HDV, and are alive and well 14 and 15 months, respectively, after transplantation. HDV infection recurred in the other five patients: hepatitis developed in three, another died, and the fifth was re-transplanted for causes unrelated to viral hepatitis (reinfection was shown by the presence of HD antigen in the graft). Liver transplantation is feasible in patients with HDV disease but involves a high risk of HDV reinfection that cannot be predicted by the virological pattern of the native HBV infection or prevented by conventional HBV prophylaxis. Orthotopic liver transplantation was done in 17 patients with fulminant hepatitis. The cause of the liver disease was infection with hepatitis B virus, or co-infection with hepatitis B virus and hepatitis D virus, or infection with hepatitis A virus in 6 patients; drug hepatotoxicity in 5; and indeterminate in 6. Grafts from incompatible blood groups, steatotic grafts, or reduced-size grafts were used in 5, 4, and 4 patients, respectively. Of the 17 patients, 5 died: 2 of early liver failure due to the poor quality of the graft, 1 presumably of accidentally transmitted acute infection with the human immunodeficiency virus, and 2 of decerebration occurring during or immediately after surgery. The 12 other patients were alive 2 to 15 months after transplantation.
Non-coherent Cu grain boundaries driven by continuous vacancy loading

We use atomistic modeling to study the response of three non-coherent grain boundaries (GBs) in Cu to continuous loading with vacancies. Our simulations yield insights into the structure and properties of these boundaries both near and far from thermal equilibrium. We find that GB energies vary periodically as a function of the number of vacancies introduced. Each GB has a characteristic minimum energy state that recurs during continuous vacancy loading, but in general cannot be reached without removing atoms from the boundary. There is no clear correlation of GB energies with GB specific excess volumes or stresses during vacancy loading. However, GB stresses increase monotonically with specific excess volumes. Continuous vacancy loading gives rise to GB migration and shearing, despite the absence of applied loads. Successive vacancies introduced into some of the boundaries accumulate at the cores of what appear to be generalized vacancy dislocation loops. We discuss the implications of these findings for our understanding of grain boundary sink efficiencies under light ion irradiation.
Onboard Storage Alternatives for Hydrogen Vehicles

Three viable technologies for storing hydrogen fuel on cars are currently available: compressed gas, metal hydride adsorption, and cryogenic liquid. However, each of these has significant disadvantages: volume, weight, boiling losses, or energy to compress or liquefy the hydrogen. Two alternative approaches are analyzed in this paper: pressure vessels with cryogenic capability and a combination of a metal hydride and liquid hydrogen storage. These alternatives are compared to baseline compressed hydrogen and liquid hydrogen (LH2) storage in terms of volume, vehicle range, dormancy, energy required for fuel processing, and cost. The results indicate that the alternative methods can result in a reduced volume, if packaging is a constraint; or in an extended range, if this is a desirable feature. Cryogenic pressure vessels, with one-fifth the insulation of LH2 systems, have comparable or better dormancy than LH2 systems. Energy requirements and cost appear favorable for the alternative systems.
Evaluation of bivalent live attenuated influenza A vaccines in children 2 months to 3 years of age: safety, immunogenicity and dose-response

Abstract 1126 children, 2 months to 3 years old, received a single intranasal dose of 10 4 , 10 6 , or 10 7 TICD 50 of cold adapted (ca) A/Kawasaki/9/86 (H1N1) and A/Beijing/352/89 (H3N2) or placebo, in a double blind, placebo-controlled, safety and immunogenicity trial. No reactogenicity attributable to vaccine was demonstrated. A single bivalent 10 6 or 10 7 dose produced high rates of seroconversion to H1N1 (77%) and H3N2 (92%) in seronegative children > 6 months old; serologic responses were lower to H1N1 ( P P = 0.01) in younger infants. A single 10 6 dose of bivalent ca influenza A vaccine can be immunogenic in children, but response is age dependent.
Inverse boundary value problems for a class of semilinear elliptic equations

We show that in two dimensions the scalar coefficient a(x,p) of the semilinear elliptic equation @Du+u(x,@?u)=0 is uniquely determined by the Dirichlet to Neumann map of the equation on a bounded domain with smooth boundary.
The Never-Ending Drug War: Obstacles to Drug War Policy Termination

Why does the war on drugs continue after 40 years? This article combines theories of policy termination and prospect theory to explain the drug war's persistence. After reviewing the case for termination, the article turns to policy termination theory. As previous case studies have demonstrated, rationality and economic reasoning alone fail to persuade politicians to end existing policies. In the case of the drug war, specific characteristics of the drug policy and the current political environment, as well as typical institutional and bureaucratic constraints, create substantial obstacles to end the drug war. Perceptions of the risks and benefits of drug war termination also create difficulties. The article concludes that a number of factors need to shift before drug war policy termination can take place.