cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Preparing for climate change: Forestry and assisted migration

Although plants have moved across the landscape in response to changing climate for millennia, projections of contemporary climate change suggest that forest tree species and populations will need to migrate faster than their natural ability. Therefore, climate change adaptation strategies, such as assisted migration, have gained attention since 2007. Effective implementation of assisted migration can only occur if target transfer guidelines are developed because our current seed transfer guidelines, established to guide the movement of plant materials, lack inherent spatial and temporal dynamics associated with climate change. This limitation restrains reforestation practitioners from making decisions about assisted migration. Lack of operating procedures, uncertainties about future climate conditions, risks associated with moving plants outside their current ranges, and existing policies have hampered formal actions in forest management and conservation. We review the current thinking on assisted migration of forest tree species and provide information that could facilitate implementation.
Spectroscopic measurements of light impurity peaking after pellet injection on TEXT

Light impurity density profiles following hydrogen gas puff and hydrogen pellet fuelling have been obtained via charge exchange recombination spectroscopy on TEXT. After hydrogen pellet fuelling, C+6 and O+8 profiles are more strongly peaked on axis than the electron density profile. In contrast, light impurity profiles measured during sawtoothing high density gas puff fuelled discharges peak to a lesser degree relative to the electrons, with lower central densities than in the pellet case. The shapes of the peaked pellet impurity profiles are well described by neoclassical theory. The measured transport coefficients are larger than neoclassical values. The inferred inward convective velocity is consistent with values measured by impurity injection during sawtoothing discharges, but the diffusion coefficient is an order of magnitude lower than that obtained with impurity injection.
Commodities and Globalization: Anthropological Perspectives

Commodities and Globalization: Anthropological Perspectives. Angelique Haugerud, M. Priscilla Stone, and Peter D. Little, eds. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield Publishers, 2000. 249 pp., tables, figures, index.
Infrared hollow glass waveguides fabricated by chemical vapor deposition

Hollow glass waveguides have been fabricated for the delivery of infrared radiation by chemical vapor deposition methods. A molybdenum film is first deposited inside 700-μm silica tubing by the hydrogen reduction of molybdenum chloride. Then a zinc sulfide or aluminum oxide film is deposited onto the molybdenum layer. These dielectric films enhance the reflectivity, and we observe a reduction in loss for the thin-film combination compared with the molybdenum film alone. The chemical vapor deposition techniques may be extended to the fabrication of hollow guides with multiple dielectric layers that have much lower losses than current single-layer designs.
THE ASSOCIATION OF LEFT VENTRICULAR EJECTION FRACTION WITH 1-YEAR MORTALITY AFTER MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION: FINDINGS FROM THE ACTION REGISTRY-GWTG MEDICARE LINKED DATABASE

Although measurement of left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) after acute myocardial infarction (MI) is a performance measure, little is known about the relationship between EF and post-discharge mortality among MI patients in contemporary clinical practice. Data on 82,558 patients ≥ 65 years
A flexible synthesis of carbanucleosides and 5′-nor-1′-homo carbanucleosides from a common precursor

Abstract Enzymatic resolution of (±)-1-acetoxy-4-(nitromethyl)-2-cyclopentene ( 4 ) provides entry into a facile 10-step route to carbanucleosides and a practical 7-step procedure to 5′-nor-1′-homo carbanucleosides. These routes are illustrated for adenine derivatives but they are adaptable to any heterocyclic base.
Optical characterization of Bi 2 Se 3 in a magnetic field: Infrared evidence for magnetoelectric coupling in a topological insulator material

We present an infrared magneto-optical study of the highly thermoelectric narrow-gap semiconductor ${\text{Bi}}_{2}{\text{Se}}_{3}$. Far-infrared and midinfrared (IR) reflectance and transmission measurements have been performed in magnetic fields oriented both parallel and perpendicular to the trigonal $c$ axis of this layered material and supplemented with UV-visible ellipsometry to obtain the optical conductivity ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{1}(\ensuremath{\omega})$. With lowering of temperature we observe narrowing of the Drude conductivity due to reduced quasiparticle scattering, as well as an increase in the absorption edge due to direct electronic transitions. Magnetic fields $H\ensuremath{\parallel}c$ dramatically renormalize and asymmetrically broaden the strongest far-IR optical phonon, indicating interaction of the phonon with the continuum free-carrier spectrum and significant magnetoelectric coupling. For the perpendicular field orientation, electronic absorption is enhanced, and the plasma edge is slightly shifted to higher energies. In both cases the direct transition energy is softened in magnetic field.
Background-free cars studies of carbon monoxide in a flame

Abstract Background-free coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectra (CARS) of carbon monoxide have been obtained in a rich methane-air flat flame. Use of this background rejection method, requiring only two laser frequencies, results in an increase in signal-to-noise of over 200 in the |x (3) | 2 spectrum in comparison with normal CARS. In addition, this technique provides a means for determining the symmetry of observed Raman transitions. The principles of background-free CARS are derived, and the capabilities are demonstrated with experimental data.
Relationships between descriptive client characteristics and absenteeism from a mental health center.

This study was an archival study attempting to determine whether certain descriptive client characteristics are related to high levels of client absenteeism or client attrition. Subjects were 354 former outpatient clients from a community mental health center. Descriptive characteristics such as age income, and treatment latency were taken from information routinely collected for all clients. Correlations revealed no significant relationships between the descriptive client characteristics and either absenteeism or attrition.
Properties of the abnormal human plasma lipoprotein (LP-X) characteristic of cholestasis after chemical modification with succinic anhydride.

Abstract The abnormal human low-density lipoprotein class characteristic of biliary obstruction (LP-X) was reacted with [ 14 C]succinic anhydride to an extent of 70–80 moles of succinyl groups incorporated per 10 5 g of LP-X protein. The modified lipoprotein retained the typical morphology and ultracentrifugal flotation and sedimentation properties of LP-X but failed to react with antiserum to the native lipoprotein. On agar and agarose gel electrophoresis the succinylated lipoprotein had an increased mobility toward the anode relative to LP-X, as a result of the increased negative charge on the protein component. Partial delipidation of succinylated LP-X and ultracentrifugal fractionation of the protein into a fraction containing phospholipids plus at least three relatively small proteins (Apo-X) and an essentially lipid-free protein, chemically similar and immunologically identical with albumin, permitted us to evaluate the extent of reaction of these two protein classes with succinic anhydride in intact LP-X. On the average, the Apo-X fraction had 72 moles of succinyl groups incorporated per 10 5 g of protein, whereas the albumin fraction incorporated 55 moles per 10 5 g of protein. Extensive reaction of susceptible amino acid residues (mostly lysines) with succinic anhydride, without disruption of the lipoprotein structure, indicates that these protein groups are accessible to the reagent and are not involved in critical protein-lipid interactions. Elimination of immunoreactivity upon succinylation of LP-X implies that, at least for the Apo-X component, lysine residues participate in the interaction with LP-X antibodies. Also, the present results strongly support the view that albumin is not merely adsorbed to LP-X, and suggest, furthermore, that protein-protein interactions are not directly responsible for the characteristic stacking of LP-X discs as seen in the electron microscope.
Laminar heating in interior corners at Mach 19

Laminar heating in hypersonic vehicles interior corners, analyzing helium tunnel heat transfer data for various intersecting wedge corners
INTERNATIONAL COMPARISONS OF WEALTH INEQUALITY

This study presents reasonably comparable estimates of the size distribution of household or personal wealth for eight OECD countries—Australia, Canada, France, Germany, Japan, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the United States. In the mid-1980s, the U.S. ranked as the most unequal and Japan the least, while the other six countries had roughly comparable levels of wealth inequality. Moreover, while wealth inequality rose sharply in the U.S. during the 1980s, it increased modestly in Sweden and showed little change or a slight decline in Canada, France, and the U.K. A comparison of time trends for the U.K. and the U.S. suggests that the relatively high wealth inequality in the U.S. in the 1980s represents a marked turnaround from the 1950s, when the U.S. was considerably more equal in terms of wealth ownership than the U.K. Comparative results for the two countries hold for both conventional (marketable) wealth and for augmented wealth, which includes a valuation of public and private pension wealth.
Finite-size-scaling analysis of domain growth in the kinetic Ising model with conserved and nonconserved order parameters

Standard finite-size-scaling techniques are introduced to obtain domain growth exponents during a first-order phase transition. A scaling ansatz for the nonequilibrium structure factor in a finite lattice is presented. It explicitly includes a time rescaling exponent x, related to the domain growth exponent n (n=1/x). We first analyze domain growth in the kinetic Ising model with a nonconserved order parameter. The method correctly gives the expected exponent n=1/2. We have also studied the kinetic Ising model with a conserved order parameter at a critical value of the order parameter. The scaling behavior of the peak of the structure factor is consistent with n\ensuremath{\approxeq}0.27. The analysis of higher wave numbers is more consistent, however, with n\ensuremath{\approxeq}0.33.
Metropolitan Ethernet Network: A move from LAN to MAN

Ethernet has been the indisputable technology of choice for the local area networks (LANs) for more than 30years. Its popularity is due to its versatility, plug-n-play feature, and low cost. It has transformed from a CSMA/CD technology providing low throughput to a full-duplex link increasing the throughput 1000-folds. Despite these improvements, Ethernet is still restricted to local area networks, and is not ready to become a carrier-grade technology for wider areas. However, there are efforts to assist the transformation of Ethernet from the mainstream LAN technology to the possible adoption for metropolitan area networks (MENs). This paper will introduce the movement from basic Ethernet to the carrier grade Ethernet for MENs. The paper describes the underlying technology, offered services, the state-of-the-art, and the comparison between various technologies. In the context of the move from LAN to MAN, various problems and their corresponding solutions are discussed, along with the future of Metro Ethernet Network.
A nonrandom chromosomal abnormality, del 3p(14–23), in human small cell lung cancer (SCLC)

Abstract In order to determine whether or not there are specific chromosomal changes in small cell lung cancer (SCLC), karyotypic analyses of 16 continuous SCLC tissue culture lines, three fresh tumor specimens (bone marrow), one direct preparation of bone marrow involved with SCLC, and two lymphoblastoid lines derived from SCLC patients were studied. Cell lines were derived from primary tumor, or metastases to bone marrow, subcutaneous nodules, or pleural fluid; all 16 lines had biochemical and histologic proporties characteristic of SCLC. Of the 15 males and 3 females, 6 patients had no prior treatment. All of the 16 cell lines, the 3 fresh specimens, and the direct bone marrow preparation had a common deletion of the short arm of chromosome #3. Use of the shortest region of overlap analysis showed the common deletion was of the short arm in the regions p(14–23). This specific chromosomal abnormality, del 3p, was not found in five non-SCLC cell lines studied and is of major potential biological and diagnostic importance.
The ABCs of Educating the Patient with Chronic Bronchial Asthma How We Do It

Total rehabilitation of the chronic asthmatic child needs 1) a philosophy, 2) an objective, and 3) a method. The philosophy is to help the child lead as normal a life as possible. The objective is to accomplish this in his home, in his play and in his school. The method to accomplish this must include education and understanding of the disease by the patient and his family.
A neuromorphic architecture from single transistor neurons with organic bistable devices for weights

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has made tremendous progress since it was first postulated in the 1950s. However, AI systems are primarily emulated on serial machine hardware that result in high power consumption, especially when compared to their biological counterparts. Recent interest in neuromorphic architectures aims to more directly emulate biological information processing to achieve substantially lower power consumption for appropriate information processing tasks. We propose a novel way of realizing a neuromorphic architecture, termed Synthetic Neural Network (SNN), that is modeled after conventional artificial neural networks and incorporates organic bistable devices as circuit elements that resemble the basic operation of a binary synapse. Via computer simulation we demonstrate how a single synthetic neuron, created with only a single transistor, a single-bistable-device-per-input, and two resistors, exhibits a behavior of an artificial neuron and approximates the sigmoidal activation function. We also show that, by increasing the number of bistable devices per input, a single neuron can be trained to behave like a Boolean logic AND or OR gate. To validate the efficacy of our design, we show two simulations where SNN is used as a pattern classifier of complicated, non-linear relationships based on real-world problems. In the first example, our SNN is shown to perform the trained task of directional propulsion due to water hammer effect with an average error of about 7.2%. The second task, a robotic wall following, resulted in SNN error of approximately 9.6%. Our simulations and analysis are based on the performance of organic electronic elements created in our laboratory.
Sex differences in intelligence.

This chapter attempts to broadly outline the current understanding of the etiology of intelligence and intelligence-related processes. First, it describes the major concepts that have primarily guided studies of the etiological bases of intellectual abilities and disabilities. Then, the chapter discusses the state of the field's understanding of cases of intellectual abilities and disabilities. A point of view on the Chinese initiative as presented in the CNN electronic publication is described. The chapter describes the major concepts that have been and are used to explore the connection between the genes and intelligence. The evidence pertaining to observations that the genome is a major source of the variations in individuals' intellectual abilities and disabilities is discussed. Studies of various indicators of information processing speed have been prominent in the field of intelligence due to the observation that these indicators reliably correlate with various aspects of intelligence, especially, with the g factor.
Undoing paper curl distortion using applicable surfaces

The work presented is concerned with the reconstruction of the original undistorted image of a curled document or book when captured face-up by a camera with the support of sparse depth measurements. A novel method based on physically modeling paper deformation with an applicable surface is proposed and a relaxation algorithm is described that allows us to fit it to noisy data and then flatten it in order to produce the final undistorted image. The promising results obtained confirm that the use of applicable surfaces is the right way to address this problem.
Rheolytic thrombectomy, angioplasty, and selective stenting for subacute isolated popliteal artery occlusions.

Objective We have observed that some patients with isolated popliteal artery occlusions (PAOs) harbor varying degrees of organized clot, as suggested by the rapidity with which these occlusions are traversed with the Glidewire. We hypothesized that debulking such PAOs by using rheolytic thrombectomy without adjunctive thrombolysis before percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and selective stenting (PTA/S) is safe and enables single-session treatment with minimal risk of embolization. Methods Between February 2004 and January 2007, 16 male patients (mean age, 68.9 ± 11.1 years; range, 54-84 years) presenting with disabling claudication (n = 1), rest pain (n = 5), and tissue loss (n = 10; mean duration, 11 ± 8 weeks; range, 4-26 weeks) were prospectively followed up after rheolytic thrombectomy and angioplasty and selective stenting of their PAO. Results The mean occlusion length was 11.6 ± 4.5 cm. After rheolytic thrombectomy, the occlusions were converted to long stenoses (mean length of 7.6 ± 3.6 cm). Self-expanding stents were used in 10 of 16 (mean length of 8.3 ± 4.4 cm). Additional recanalizations of occlusions of the iliac artery and proximal superficial femoral artery were performed before popliteal artery recanalizations in two patients. Ankle-brachial indexes increased from 0.27 ± 0.22 to 0.94 ± 0.13. No case of distal embolization was observed. Adjuvant thrombolysis was used in only one case to improve runoff. Inline flow to the foot was achieved in 15 of 16 cases. Three occlusions occurred at 3, 6, and 20 months after surgery (mean follow-up, 15.7 ± 10.0 months), and two patients underwent successful thrombolysis. The third patient refused further intervention and remains a claudicant. One-year primary and secondary patency rates were 84% and 92%, respectively. Two limb losses occurred at 7 and 9 months as a result of recurrent foot infection in patients with diabetes, both with patent popliteal arteries (1-year limb salvage rate, 83%). Conclusions We advocate debulking isolated subacute PAOs with rheolytic thrombectomy when they are easily crossed, because this enables recanalization of these lesions in a single setting, thus obviating the additional need for thrombolysis in most cases, with seemingly minimal risk of distal embolization. This simple approach is effective and widely available.
Analysis of osteopontin in mouse growth plate cartilage by application of laser capture microdissection and RT-PCR.

Gene expression of osteopontin (OPN) has been investigated in mice by application of laser capture microdissection (LCM) and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis. LCM permits individual cells to be isolated ("captured") from tissue sections for molecular analyses. In this study, chondrocytes were captured from growth plate zones in frozen sections of tibiae from 1-11-day-old postnatal mice. RNA was extracted from cells, DNAse-treated, and reverse-transcribed. cDNA was amplified by PCR and OPN mRNA was revealed on agarose gels. Whole cartilage and brain (a positive control) from the same animals also were examined. Reactions containing no RT were negative controls, and 18S rRNA standardized expressed message from captured cells. RT-PCR analysis of laser-captured whole cartilage showed a general qualitative loss of OPN mRNA as animal age increased. Youngest mice gave equivalent OPN expression over all laser-microdissected cartilage zones. For 7-11 day-old mice, OPN expression wa...
Reply to Kühne et al.: Still good evidence that people search for meaning when they approach a new decade in chronological age.

Kuhne et al. (1) challenge the results from a paper that we recently published in PNAS (2) on several grounds. We believe none of these challenges is compelling.
A novel high-throughput screening assay for sickle cell disease drug discovery.

>> Although the pathophysiology and molecular basis of sickle cell disease (SCD) were described more than half a century ago, an effective and safe therapy is not yet available. This may be explained by the lack of a suitable high-throughput technique that allows rapid screening of thousands of compounds for their antisickling effect. The authors have thus developed a novel high-throughput screening (HTS) assay based on detecting the ability of red blood cells (RBC) to traverse a column of tightly packed Sephacryl chromatography beads. When deoxygenated, sickle RBC are rigid and remain on the top of the column. However, when deoxygenated and treated with an effective antisickling agent, erythrocytes move through the Sephacryl media and produce a red dot on the bottom of the assay tubes. This approach has been adapted to wells in a 384-well microplate. Results can be obtained by optical scanning: The size of the red dot is proportional to the antisickling effect of the test molecule. The new assay is simple, inexpensive, reproducible, requires no special reagents, and should be readily adaptable to robotic HTS systems. It has the potential to identify novel drug candidates, allowing the development of new therapeutic options for individuals affected with SCD. (Journal of Biomolecular Screening. 2009:330-336)
Phonon Contribution to Thermal Boundary Conductance at Metal Interfaces Using Embedded Atom Method Simulations

The phonon contribution to the thermal boundary conductance (TBC) at metal–metal interfaces is difficult to study experimentally, and it is typically considered negligible. In this study, molecular dynamics simulations (MDS), employing an embedded atom method (EAM) potential, are performed to study the phonon contribution to thermal transport across an Al–Cu interface. The embedded atom method provides a realistic model of atomic behavior in metals, while suppressing the effect on conduction electrons. In this way, measurements on the phonon system may be observed that would otherwise be dominated by the electron contribution in experimental methods. The relative phonon contribution to the TBC is calculated by comparing EAM results to previous experimental results which include both electron and phonon contributions. It is seen from the data that the relative phonon contribution increases with decreasing temperature, possibly accounting for more than half the overall TBC at temperatures below 100 K. These results suggest that neglect of interfacial phonon transport may not be a valid assumption at low temperatures, and may have implications in the future development of TBC models for metal interfaces.
Analysis and simulation of the SLD WIC PADS hybrid preamplifier circuitry

Computer simulation techniques are used to analyze critical performance parameters of the SLD PADS preamplifier hybrid, including its interactions with the detector system. Simulation results are presented and verified with measured performance. The use of the computer simulation of the detector/preamplifier combination is shown to be a reasonably accurate predictor of preamplifier performance, but more importantly, it allows one to demonstrate, analyze, and quantify selected aspects of the hybrid's behavior in the system. In particular, the analysis confirms wide tolerances on system timing and demonstrates that self-calibration can compensate for the effects of large variation in detector capacitance. The selection of 6 mu s for fixed time sampling is shown to be entirely reasonable for this system. >
Oyler School Against the Odds

A new Marketplace documentary captures Cincinnati’s move toward holistic schools like the Oyler Community Learning Center.
The treatment of data types in EL1

In constructing a general purpose programming language, a key issue is providing a sufficient set of data types and associated operations in a manner that permits both natural problem-oriented notation and efficient implementation. The EL1 language contains a number of features specifically designed to simultaneously satisfy both requirements. The resulting treatment of data types includes provision for programmer-defined data types and generaic routines, programmer control over type conversion, and very flexible data type behavior, in a context that allows efficient compiled code and compact data representation.
Cardiac mitochondrial proteomic expression in inbred rat strains divergent in survival time after hemorrhage

We have previously identified inbred rat strains differing in survival time to a severe controlled hemorrhage (StaH). In efforts to identify cellular mechanisms and ultimately genes that are import...
Primary Cutaneous Natural Killer Cell Blastic Lymphoma

An 81 yo male presented with several asymptomatic firm 1–5 cm red purple plaques on the trunk and lower extremities associated with a mild pancytopenia. Histological examination revealed a diffuse, monotonous dermal infiltrate of atypical medium sized cells with fine chromatin and scanty cytoplasm. Immunoperoxidase staining demonstrated positivity for CD 45, CD43, CD4, Bcl-2, and TdT; but was negative for cytokeratin, melan-A, CD30 and hematopoietic lineage specific markers. A subsequent bone marrow aspirate demonstrated a dense population of cells that were morphologically consistent with blasts. Immunophenotyping by flow cytometry revealed lesional cells that expressed CD56, CD4, CD7, CD5, HLA-DR and TdT. However, lineage specific markers for B-cells (CD19, CD20, cCD79a, and CD10), T-cells (sCD3 and cCD3), and myeloid cells (CD13, CD33, CD117, cCD13, CD14, CD41, CD61, myeloperoxidase, and alpha napthyl butyrate esterase) were not expressed. Molecular studies by PCR exhibited no evidence of T-cell receptor or heavy chain gene rearrangements. Collectively, these findings are consistent with a primary cutaneous blastic natural killer cell lymphoma. Blastic natural killer cell lymphomas are characterized by a high incidence of cutaneous involvement and an aggressive clinical course. Our patient responded dramatically to one cycle of CHOP chemotherapy with resolution of his cutaneous tumors.
Testing a preoperative pain management intervention for elders

The investigators examined whether elders who have been taught pain management communication skills and pain management information obtain greater postoperative pain relief than elders not taught this information. Thirty-one elders were randomly assigned preoperatively to a control or communication group in this posttest-only experiment with repeated measures. Communication group participants were taught pain management, pain communication skills, and the use of two pain-intensity scales. Control group participants were taught to use the two pain-intensity scales. Pain was measured with the McGill Pain Questionnaire Short Form. The communication group elders reported less postoperative pain over the course of their hospital stay. Pain management knowledge alone may have enabled the elders to obtain greater pain relief. Nurses may want to incorporate similar pain management information and pain communication skills when teaching elders how to obtain greater postoperative pain relief.
Influence of the seasonal snow cover on the ground thermal regime: An overview

[1] The presence of seasonal snow cover during the cold season of the annual air temperature cycle has significant influence on the ground thermal regime in cold regions. Snow has high albedo and emissivity that cool the snow surface, high absorptivity that tends to warm the snow surface, low thermal conductivity so that a snow layer acts as an insulator, and high latent heat due to snowmelt that is a heat sink. The overall impact of snow cover on the ground thermal regime depends on the timing, duration, accumulation, and melting processes of seasonal snow cover; density, structure, and thickness of seasonal snow cover; and interactions of snow cover with micrometeorological conditions, local microrelief, vegetation, and the geographical locations. Over different timescales either the cooling or warming impact of seasonal snow cover may dominate. In the continuous permafrost regions, impact of seasonal snow cover can result in an increase of the mean annual ground and permafrost surface temperature by several degrees, whereas in discontinuous and sporadic permafrost regions the absence of seasonal snow cover may be a key factor for permafrost development. In seasonally frozen ground regions, snow cover can substantially reduce the seasonal freezing depth. However, the influence of seasonal snow cover on seasonally frozen ground has received relatively little attention, and further study is needed. Ground surface temperatures, reconstructed from deep borehole temperature gradients, have increased by up to 4°C in the past centuries and have been widely used as evidence of paleoclimate change. However, changes in air temperature alone cannot account for the changes in ground temperatures. Changes in seasonal snow conditions might have significantly contributed to the ground surface temperature increase. The influence of seasonal snow cover on soil temperature, soil freezing and thawing processes, and permafrost has considerable impact on carbon exchange between the atmosphere and the ground and on the hydrological cycle in cold regions/cold seasons.
A Longitudinal Study of Psychiatric Outcome: Developmental Variables vs. Psychiatric Symptoms

Using multiple regression techniques, this study investigated the prognostic significance of childhood school behavior, home environment, adult premorbid social competence, and psychiatric symptoms at first admission in 141 psychiatric patients. The analyses focused on known psychiatric outcome, deliberately disregarding diagnoses. The presence of hallucination s at initial hospitalization was the surest indicator of poor prognosis. Withdrawal in men and perplexity or confusion in women were about equally dependable predictors. Length of hospitalization was easily foretold for both sexes by level of social competence attained before breakdown. Childhood developmental variables implicating individual personality traits and family disruption were at least as discriminating as adult psychiatric symptoms in predicting long-term outcome: ten of the significant predictors concerned childhood school behavior or the home environment, as compared with five psychiatric symptoms. Prediction equations based on the multiple regression analyses accurately classified the outcome of more than half of the patients. These results underline the importance of taking a robust longitudinal perspective in prognostic formulations, rather than a narrowly time-limited diagnostic perspective.
cross-currents in the theory of state formation

Development and Decline: The Evolution of Sociopolitical Organization. HENRI J. M. CLAESSEN, PIETER VAN DE VELDE, and M. ESTELLIE SMITH
The effect of legacy interference on MUOS uplink performance

This paper presents the results of simulations used to determine the impact of legacy interference on MUOS uplink performance. The impact on the required Eb/No, capacity, and resistance to external interference is quantified in terms of the degradation in performance from the case of no legacy interference. We compute the degradation for two different satellite loading scenarios and two different front end attenuator settings. We show that the degradation at high levels of legacy interference can be significantly reduced by increasing the front end attenuation at the cost of a small degradation in performance at low interference levels.
EFFECTIVE VALENCE SPACES AND COLLECTIVITY IN NEUTRON DEFICIENT Dy-Pt NUCLEI

The energies of states in even-even nuclei from Dy to W are shown to be linear in the P-factor and can be described using the same slope prescription for all these nuclei. Deviations are found for Os and Pt isotopes with N 104 give evidence for a more complex structural evolution beyond midneutron shell.
Are There Two Forms of Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor

The purified nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (AChR) is currently being intensively studied to elucidate the molecular events involved in transduction and amplification of ACh binding into a rise in ion permeability. For these purposes AChR from the richest source, the electric organs from Torpedo or Electrophorus, have been used. Progress in this area has been described in several recent reviews. Although mammalian muscle is quantitatively a much less suitable source for AChR, it has provided important information on the dynamics of the receptor molecule (localization, synthesis and degradation) and information on the autoimmune aspects of Myasthenia Gravis (V. Lennon, this volume).
Combined VIth and VIIth nerve palsy: Consider idiopathic intracranial hypertension!

Abstract Background Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a rare condition in children. VIth nerve palsy is the most common cranial nerve deficit related to that condition. Other cranial nerve dysfunctions have also been described but remain rare in paediatric daily practice. Case presentation We here report the case of a 13-year-old girl who presented with VIth and contralateral VIIth nerve palsy due to IIH. Conclusion Although rarely encountered, paediatricians should be familiar with the possible association of VIth and contralateral VIIth nerve palsy in children suffering from IIH. Moreover, other cranial nerve deficits may also be affected.
Heat Treatment and Performance of Vitrified Grinding Wheels

The heat treatment of vitrified grinding wheels is presented in this article. The article describes the minerals formed during the heat treatment of vitrified grinding wheels and presents two case studies where the effects of interfacial compounds and the dissolution of quartz are documented in terms of the wear of grinding wheels. The article should prove useful to industrial engineers who are responsible for selecting firing conditions and the raw materials used for high performance vitrified grinding wheels.
Evolution of Sirtuins From Archaea to Vertebrates

Most eukaryotic sirtuins (sir2-like proteins) can be grouped into four classes. In deuterostomes such as vertebrates, the urochordate sea squirt Ciona, and the echinoderm sea urchin Strongylocentrotus, there are seven sirtuins. Class I includes SIRT1, SIRT2, and SIRT3. SIRT4 is in class II and SIRT5 is in class III. Class IV includes SIRT6 and SIRT7. Fish have two SIRT5 orthologs while most other vertebrates have only one version of each of the seven sirtuins. Arthropods lack SIRT3, and some arthropods (e.g., Drosophila) lack SIRT5, but other arthropods have SIRT1, SIRT2, SIRT4, SIRT5, SIRT6, and SIRT7. Most prokaryotic sirtuins can be grouped into three categories: the same class II and class III categories as seen in eukaryotes, and a class U, which could be the precursor of the eukaryotic class I and class IV sirtuins. A model is proposed in which the first eukaryote (which resulted from the engulfment of an α-proteobacterium by an archaean) received a class III sirtuin from the archaean parent, while the class II sirtuin and a class U sirtuin came from the α-proteobacterium parent. While most eukaryotic class III sirtuins appear to be derived from an archaeal class III sirtuin, the Kinetoplastida (Leishmania and Trypanosoma) have a class III sirtuin gene that appears to be of γ-proteobacterial origin, possibly an example of lateral gene transfer. The seven mammalian sirtuins are aligned and contrasted with sirtuins from diverse eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms.
The Accessibility and Applicability of Knowledge: Predicting Context Effects in National Surveys

Using data from the National Health Interview Survey on Disability from 1994 and 1995, this research demonstrates that the size of accessibility effects (increased likelihood of using information activated by initial questions in responding to subsequent questions) can be modeled as a function of the applicability of the initial to the subsequent questions. When respondents reported a disability and were asked about the main condition causing the disability, they were more likely to report conditions they had been asked about earlier in the interview than alternative conditions. This accessibility effect was inversely related to the effect on reports of "other" or unclassifiable conditions. The more reports of primed conditions, the fewer reports of unclassifiable conditions. A log-linear model of the accessibility bias fit the data for all disabilities. For reports of specific conditions, a measure of the applicability of context accounted for 74.4 percent of the variance of the accessibility bias; for unclassifiable or "other" conditions, it accounted for 61 percent. When limited to "well-defined" disabilities, applicability accounted for 91.9 percent of the variance (a multiple correlation of.96). Finally, models of the context effects derived from the 1994 data were tested against the actual effects for the 1995 data. The correlation between predicted and actual effects was.80 across disabilities. The theoretical and the practical implications of the findings are discussed.
Abstract 2267: Inhibition of extracellular sulfatase 2 as a possible mechanism to partially explain the anticancer activity of the nitrone OKN007

Sulfatase 2 (Sulf2) is an extracellular enzyme that has endosulfatase activity and catalyzes the removal of 6-O-sulfate groups on glucosamine from subregions of the glycosaminoglycans heparin sulfate. The action of Sulf2 has been shown to alter the binding of protein ligands to heparin which is involved in the binding of growth factors such as VEGF, FGF-2 and TGF to cellular receptors. Studies in experimental models have shown that fully active Sulf2 is important in the development of breast cancer and pancreatic cancer. Several tumors have been shown to be enriched in Sulf2 in comparison to the normal tissues where its level is either absent or present at very low levels. Sulf2 acts as a potentiator for the Wnt signaling and this is considered important in cancer stem cell growth. We have shown that PBN (alpha-phenyl-tert-butylnitrone) has anti-cancer activity in three experimental models, A) the choline deficiency induced liver cancer model, B) the APCmin model of colon cancer and C) the rat C6 glioma model. We have also shown that 2,4-disulfonyl-alpha-phenyl-tert-butylnitrone (OKN007) has potent anti-cancer activity in the rat C6 glioma model. We considered based on the presence of phenyl sulfonyl groups that the nitrone 2,4-disulfonyl-alpha-phenyl-tert-butylnitrone (OKN007) may act as a competitive inhibitor of Sulf2. We have found that Sulf2 is secreted into the media of Sulf2 transfected Hek-293 cells as well as several cancer cells, including from the highest to lower levels; MCF-7 breast cancer cells, Hek-293 cells, C6 glioma cells and BxPc-3 pancreatic cancer cells. Utilizing the concentrated media of these cells we have shown that Sulf2 has aryl sulfatase activity against the sulfate ester of 4-methylumbelliferone. We have shown that phenyl sulfonyl compounds suppress Sulf2 activity in an apparent competitive action. For instance, we found that the polysulfonated compound suramin potently suppressed the Sulf2 aryl sulfatase activity and that 2,4-disulfonylphenyl-tert-butylnitrone inhibited Sulf2 activity but less so than suramin. Utilizing concentrated extracellular media of several human cancer cell lines we have shown that Sulf2 activity is decreased by incubation with H2O2. Our results suggest that the anti-cancer activity of OKN007 may in part be explained by its inhibitory action against Sulf1. Research to test this concept is now underway. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2267.
T cell receptor Vβ repertoire of the antigen specific CD8 T lymphocyte subset of HIV infected children

OBJECTIVE Analysis of the T cell receptor V beta repertoire during HIV infection reveals expansions in multiple V beta families of CD8 T cells, but their antigenic specificity is ill-defined. We sought to determine the TCR V beta repertoire of HIV specific CD8 T lymphocytes in infected children. DESIGN/METHODS We performed flow cytometry to examine TCR V beta families as identified by specific monoclonal antibodies and binding of HIV peptide loaded tetrameric MHC complexes in peripheral blood samples from a group of HIV infected children. RESULTS Simultaneous assessment of 12 selected expanded V beta families amongst nine HIV infected patients for tetramer binding revealed only one child in whom the expanded V beta population bound HIV Gag or Pol tetramers. In four HIV infected children, percentage tetramer binding cells was determined in 21 TCR V beta families. The tetramer binding cells of three children exhibited a widely distributed TCR V beta repertoire while in the fourth patient they were preferentially localized within two TCR V beta families. Repeat analysis revealed that the TCR V beta repertoire of tetramer binding cells was stable. CONCLUSIONS These data provide evidence that the HIV-specific CD8 T cell response in children is usually distributed widely among many different TCR V beta families. The heterogeneity of the TCR V beta repertoire usage by the antigen specific CD8 T cells may reflect the dynamic interaction between host and pathogen during the course of HIV infection and may be influenced by the rate of viral mutation, CD4 T cell helper activity, or other factors.
Interactive Data Mining Framework Based on Chinese Medicine Therapeutic Evaluation

The paper designs and implements interactive data mining framework based on therapeutic evaluation of childrens’ pneumonia.Combining data mining,mathematical statistic with logic analysis framework,the discovery the associations between zheng with symptoms by retrospective analysis and forward looking study.The paper not only breaks through the limitation of traditional therapeutic evaluation method,but also optimizes therapeutic criteria by building the objective,interactive,metrizable therapeutic evaluation system.
The Discussion on the "Narrowing Fluctuation" of Business Cycle: Based on the Perspective of Market Growth

Based on the worldwide tendency of the "narrowing fluctuation" of business cycle in developed countries,and the "high level convergence" of China's business cycle,the paper gives a new interpretation on the concept of "market growth",and draws the conclusion that the "narrowing fluctuation" of business cycle is a dynamic trend in all countries.Compared with planned economy,market economy shows better performance in dealing with agency costs,which is one of the most important reason that result in the trend.The proposition is further tested and supported by using quarterly data from 31 OECD countries from the first quarter of 1991 to the fourth quarter of 2007.Finally,policy suggestions are proposed based on the conclusions.
A method for allocation of hearing handicap

A three-stage method is proposed for allocation of hearing handicap. First, for a given injury or noise exposure period, the percentage of loss allocable for each ear is calculated as a simple ratio of hearing change (after age correction) to final hearing level. Second, final hearing handicap is divided between the two ears using a formula derived from the 1979 AAO-HNS/AMA standard. The percentage of hearing handicap allocable to a given period for each ear is simply the product of that ear's scores from the first two steps.
Hybrid Energy Systems

biomass Any organic material that is used as a fuel. deferrable load An electrical load that must be supplied a certain amount of energy over a specified time period in an isolated electrical network, but that has some flexibility as to exactly when. diesel generator A device for producing electricity through the use of a diesel engine. dump load A device used to dissipate power in order to maintain stability in an isolated hybrid energy system. fuel cell A device for continuously producing electricity through a reaction between hydrogen and oxygen. hybrid energy system A combination of two or more energy conversion devices (e.g., electricity generators or storage devices), or two or more fuels for the same device, that, when integrated, overcome limitations that may be inherent in either. load (1) An energy consuming device; (2) the cumulative power requirement due to a number of devices connected to an electrical network. maximum power point tracker A DC-DC converter whose function is to maximize the power produced by a variable voltage DC generator, such as PV panels or a wind turbine, connected to a fixed voltage bus. optional load An electrical load which can be supplied by excess power in an isolated electrical network but need not be supplied if no excess power is available. penetration The instantaneous power from the renewable generator divided by the total electrical load being served in an isolated electrical network. photovoltaic panel (PV) A semiconductor-based device that converts sunlight to electricity. renewable energy source An energy source that is derived ultimately from the sun, moon, or earth’s internal heat. supervisory control A central control system whose function is to ensure proper operation of all the devices within a hybrid energy system. weak grid An electrical network whose operational characteristics can be affected by the presence of a generator or load connected to it. wind turbine A device that converts the power in the wind to electrical or mechanical power.
Perceptions of Medicinal Plant Use Amongst the Hispanic Population in the St. Louis Metropolitan Area

Introduction: Medicinal plant use in the United States has increased as reported by the National Center of Complementary and Integrative Health and U.S. Census Bureau.However, little is known about how many minority groups in the United States use medicinal plants.There is a rise in the Hispanic population; a community with a steep tradition of medicinal plant use, in the U.S., so understanding the perceptions of medicinal plant use is useful to healthcare providers. Methods: A survey was designed to gauge a better understanding of the perceptions of medicinal plant use amongst Latino patients with varying education levels who reside in the St. Louis Metropolitan Area. Survey questions highlighted the perceptions of medicinal plants use, patient communication regarding medicinal plant use with healthcare providers (pharmacists and doctors), and the impact the education level has on medicinal plant use. Results: Surveys were distributed to six different investigational sites around the St. Louis Metropolitan Area from August 2015 to December 2015. Survey respondents identified 45 different plants/herbs that they currently use or had used at some point in their life. Those with higher levels of education had varying opinions on medicinal plant use with their current practices. Conclusion: The participants’ high interest in the use of medicinal plants exemplifies the need for enhanced communication between patients and healthcare professionals about medicinal plant use. However, it was hard to determine whether the participants’ level of education had any direct relationship to this use. Conflict of Interest None Type: Original Research
Physics: A cosmos in the lab

Andreas Albrecht ponders a study of the physicists who grapple with the origins of the Universe.