cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Three-Year Reincarceration Outcomes for Amity In-Prison Therapeutic Community and Aftercare in California

The study assessed 36-month recidivism outcomes for a prison therapeutic community (TC) program with aftercare using an intent-to-treat design with random assignment. Outcomes for 478 felons at 36 ...
The information policy of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development

Abstract The Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) publishes data and analyses on economic and social activity in developed and developing nations. The kinds of data made available are determined by the mission and operations of the organization. This article describes the structure of the OECD in relation to the flow of information. It discusses policies that restrict access to information as well as those that actively promote the use of OECD publications and services.
A simplified nonlinear model for solar collectors

Abstract An explicit nonlinear model is presented which predicts the performance of a solar collector and includes the effects of radiative losses. This model was obtained from the empirical correlation of simulation data from a total of 3969 separate computer simulations which included 50 different collector designs and a wide range of operating conditions. The detailed computer model, which was used to generate the simulation data, included effects such as radiative losses, axial conduction, edge losses and temperature dependent fluid properties. Results are presented which show that the proposed nonlinear model agrees with the detailed computer simulation much better than does the linear Hottel-Whillier-Bliss model.
Linking Microbial Community Structure to Function in Representative Simulated Systems

Pathogenic bacteria are generally studied as a single strain under ideal growing conditions, although these conditions are not the norm in the environments in which pathogens typically proliferate. In this investigation, a representative microbial community along with Escherichia coli O157:H7, a model pathogen, was studied in three environments in which such a pathogen could be found: a human colon, a septic tank, and groundwater. Each of these systems was built in the lab in order to retain the physical/chemical and microbial complexity of the environments while maintaining control of the feed into the models. The microbial community in the colon was found to have a high percentage of bacteriodetes and firmicutes, while the septic tank and groundwater systems were composed mostly of proteobacteria. The introduction of E. coli O157:H7 into the simulated systems elicited a shift in the structures and phenotypic cell characteristics of the microbial communities. The fate and transport of the microbial community with E. coli O157:H7 were found to be significantly different from those of E. coli O157:H7 studied as a single isolate, suggesting that the behavior of the organism in the environment was different from that previously conceived. The findings in this study clearly suggest that to gain insight into the fate of pathogens, cells should be grown and analyzed under conditions simulating those of the environment in which the pathogens are present.
Chemical reaction kinetics in relation to glass transition temperatures in frozen food polymer solutions

The hydrolysis of disodium-p-nitrophenyl phosphate (catalyzed by alkaline phosphatase) in frozen sugar and maltodextrin solutions was studied, with emphasis on how the rate of hydrolysis could be related to the glass transition temperature (T′g). Reaction rates decreased with storage temperature and approached zero at temperatures below - 15°C. Arrhenius plots of the data were non-linear, and the slopes of the best-fitting lines differed from one solution to another. The data also did not fit the equation of Williams et al (J Am Chem Soc 77 (1955) 3701–3706) that describes diffusional processes as a function of the temperature difference (T-T′g). However, when placed into similarly composed groups, log(rate) was linearly correlated with the temperature difference (T- T’g).
Theory in Progress: Dyadic Power Theory: Constructing a Communication-Based Theory of Relational Power

Power is an integral part of any relationship, especially close familial relationships, because it determines how the partners relate to each other and how decisions are made. Rollins and Bahr's (1976) theory of power in marital relationships, referred to here as Dyadic Power Theory, is expanded to consider communication behavior, and to include other family dyads in addition to marriage. The theory, which emphasizes the dyadic nature of power, draws on past perspectives of power including those posited by social exchange theory, the chilling effect, sex roles, and normative resource theory. It is proposed that perceptions of legitimate authority to make decisions and access to a variety of resources increase individuals' perceptions of their own power compared to their partner. Perceptions of power, in turn, increase the likelihood of using dominant communication behavior in an attempt to control the interaction. Greater control attempts lead to greater influence over decisions. It is also predicted that...
G-Protein Modulation of α1A (P/Q)-Type Calcium Channel Expressed in GH3 Cells

Abstract GH(3) cell lines stably expressing α1A channel were established and the modulation of this channel by G-protein through membrane-delimited pathways were studied. Wild type GH(3) cells were found to express ω-conotoxin MVIIC (MVIIC) sensitive Ca2+ current but this component was different from the α1A channel because of its susceptibility to G-protein modulation, suggesting MVIIC also blocks channels other than P/Q type. α1A channel expressed in GH3 cells showed slowing of activation and reduction of current amplitude by the application of carbachol. Both of these effects were pertussis toxin (PTX) sensitive and voltage dependent. α1A channels were also found to be modulated through a PTX insensitive pathway, the modulations observed were similar to those in the PTX sensitive pathway. The results further suggest that these two effects are governed by a different mechanism in both PTX sensitive and insensitive pathways.
“Todo el año es carnaval”: tradiciones populares y contracultura en la Transición

Resumen : El momento de generalizada experimentacion vital de los anos 70 y primeros 80 en el estado espanol tiende habitualmente a pensarse en terminos de “modernizacion” o “transicion a la democracia”, pero es tambien el momento en el que ciertos restos simbolicos de culturas rurales y tradicionales profundamente transformadas por la masiva emigracion campo-ciudad son rescatados por artistas de vanguardia y jovenes contraculturales. Propongo una contribucion al estudio de esta linea de reivindicacion de un poso cultural tradicional revisitado desde la vanguardia y la contracultura juvenil en la Transicion a traves de tres calas en instancias culturales diversas. Palabras Clave : Transicion, carnaval, tradicion popular, contracultura. Abstract: The generalized experimentalism of the Spanish 70’s and 80’s is often thought in terms of ‘modernization’ and ‘Transition to Democracy’. But it is also the moment when some symbolic rests of rural and traditional cultures and deeply changed by the massive migration to cities were rescued by some avant-garde artists and young underground practices. The article proposes a contribution to that way of study, analyzing how the traditional culture was revisited by avant-garde and young counter-culture. Key Words : Spanish Transition to Democracy, Carnival, Popular Tradition, Counter-Culture.
Early childhood abuse and late-life suicidal ideation.

Objectives: In younger populations childhood sexual and physical abuse have been found to be associated with suicidal ideation. Such associations have not been examined among older adults. Setting: Data from the National Comorbidity Study-Replication (NCS-R). Participants: Older adults (60+, N = 1610) from the NCS-R sample. Measurements: Suicidal ideation occurring after the age of 60 was assessed. Early-life factors were assessed including childhood physical and sexual abuse and parent's internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Participants’ internalizing and externalizing symptoms were also assessed. Results: Logistic regression analysis showed that male gender, mother's internalizing symptoms and childhood physical and sexual abuse were associated with suicidal ideation. The association between child abuse and suicidal ideation was mediated by participants’ externalizing symptoms. Conclusions: Health care workers should screen for suicidal ideation among older adults. In particular, older males with e...
Model for Mitosis

Chromosome motion during mitosis can be explained by combining the facts available about the equilibrium between the mitotic spindle and its subunits with the postulate that the recently described cross-bridges between spindle microtubules are capable of sliding adjacent tubules over one another.
Cluster Headache Associated With Parainfluenza Virus, Preceded and Succeeded by Migraine

A serologically proven case of parainfluenza viral infection was associated with the onset and disappearance of cluster headache. The patient had long-standing migraine that ceased during the cluster headache period and recurred when the latter stopped. Possibly, the virus was neurally transmitted to the trigeminal-autonomic system, creating an inflammatory response that transiently precipitated cluster headache and obliterated migraine.
Effect of Electroporation on Intracellular Ice Formation in Rye Leaf Protoplasts

Abstract Cryomicroscopy was used to study the statistical behavior of intracellular ice formation (IIF) in protoplasts isolated from rye leaves ( Secale cereale L cv. Aroostook) and subjected to prior electrical treatment ("electroporation"). Protoplasts were suspended in isotonic (530 mOsm) or hypotonic (265 mOsm) saline and exposed to exponentially decaying electric fields of 50 to 500 V/cm and capacitances of 1 × 850, 2 × 850, or 3 × 850 μF. Treatment conditions were selected by determining apparent cell lysis, viability, and increased permeability to fluorescent dyes. For each condition, protoplasts were subjected to linear cooling at 5, 10, 20, or 40°C/min, or to cooling at 40°C/min followed by an isothermal hold at -6, -9, -12, or -15°C. In linear cooling, field strengths above 150 V/cm and capacitances above 1 × 850 μF resulted in a 1 to 9°C shift to higher median IIF temperatures. Maximum IIF incidence was unaffected. Under the weakest condition (100 V/cm, 1 × 850 μF), median IIF temperatures during linear cooling were shifted 3 to 7°C below those of the control. In isothermal periods, mean IIF times of electroporated protoplasts were 50 to 300% smaller than the control, implying faster IIF kinetics in electroporated protoplasts. In hypotonic saline the effects of electroporation were suppressed. Based on a comparison of stochastic model parameters, electropotation affected IIF during linear cooling and isothermal periods similarly.
Deep-sea food web analysis using cross-reacting antisera

The high incidence of unrecognizable prey in the stomachs of deep-sea predators prompted the application of serological methods for identification of trophic connections. Antisera to whole-organism extracts of estuarine taxa cross-reacted with antigenic protein extracts of mid-water and deep-sea taxa along phylogenetically correct lines, indicating their potential as tools for gut contents immunoassay. Stomach, intestine, and rectum contents of grenadiers (Coryphaenoides armatus) trapped at 2500 m in the North Atlantic were analyzed visually and with 32 antisera representing taxa from 10 common deep-sea phyla. While visual analysis only revealed the presence of fluids, parasites, crustacean exoskeletons, and gastropod opercula, the immunoassay indicated the presence of antigenic proteins from holothurian, anemone, gastropod, decapod, and foraminiferan prey in the same samples. This qualitative serological identification of prey at non-specific taxonomic levels provides evidence that benthic predation may be important within deep-sea communities. The immunoassay technique, although not a panacea for elucidating food web dynamics in remote environments, may be useful when other methods fail to identify trophic pathways.
Focus Issue: Signaling Lipids

Membranes are dynamic and specific contributors to cell signaling. Cellular membranes play a key structural role in creating sites for the formation of signaling complexes. Changes in membrane phospholipids can regulate the activity of transmembrane and peripheral membrane proteins. Modification of membrane lipids can result in formation of dynamic signaling molecules. Science's STKE highlights new insights into the roles that lipids and membranes play in cell signaling.
Gene arrays are not just for measuring gene expression.

Recent advances in the application of high-density oligonucleotide arrays offer new opportunities for gene discovery through genotyping several hundred thousand loci in a single assay. This is accomplished by hybridizing labeled total genomic DNA to a GeneChip rather than using mRNA, which measures gene transcript abundance. The single feature polymorphisms (SFPs) detected by this technique are the consequence of allelic variants ranging from single nucleotide polymorphisms to large deletions that differentially hybridize to the oligonucleotide array features. In yeast, this approach has proven useful in linkage mapping, the dissection of quantitative trait loci, and in assessing species population structure. Recently, the utility of this technology has been shown in the Arabidopsis genome.
Dual quark-gluon theory with dynamical color

Abstract A modification of a previously proposed dual resonance theory of quarks and gluons is presented. It consists of incorporating new oscillator modes carrying color indices. The specific properties of these operators and the way they are included into the theory are completely determined by various consistency requirements. This modification of the theory has two important consequences. First, quark statistics are properly taken into account. Second, the critical dimension of space-time is reduced to d = 10−2 N , where N is the number of colors. Thus, the physically preferred choices N = 3 and d = 4 are compatible.
Calcium handling by renal tubules during oxygen deprivation injury to the kidney prior to reoxygenation.

Efforts to more precisely define the mechanism(s) of ischemic injury to renal epithelial tissue, both during O2 deprivation and reflow, have led to the expanding use of freshly isolated renal tubules. This tissue is prepared in a manner that eliminates the impact of changes in vascular resistance and influences of hormones, as well as temporal changes in pH and in regional pO2, and has permitted investigators to focus on the definitive cellular responses to O2 deprivation itself. When such studies are evaluated it becomes clear that in vitro anoxia, for up to 60 minutes, is not associated with any increase in total tissue Ca2+ as measured by atomic absorption techniques, whereas severe hypoxia is attended by a time-dependent increase in total tissue Ca2+. In both severe hypoxia and anoxia, however, the Ca2+ uptake rate is increased, but during hypoxia the less severe acidosis, as well as the continued, albeit modest, mitochondrial energization, appears to facilitate mitochondrial (and thus total tissue) Ca2+ accumulation. In vivo and in vitro, the administration of calcium channel blockers (CCB) attenuates renal oxygen-deprivation-induced injury and one, often overlooked, effect of verapamil, a prototypical CCB, is to reduce K+ loss from treated tissue via inhibition of Ca2+-mediated K+ efflux pathways. This may be the cause of the higher levels of K+ reported for several tisisues, including kidney tubules, during CCB treatment. In addition, reduced rates of Ca2+ uptake effected by CCB may modify cytosolic free Ca2+ levels such that activation of phospholipases is impaired. Although this interrelationship has not yet been documented, the reduced level of membrane injury, assessed by lower LDH release in CCB-treated tubules, is consistent with such a protective effect. Finally, cellular adenosine triphosphate levels and tissue K+ levels recover toward normal more quickly during reoxygenation of verapamil-treated O2-deprived tubules. These observations, taken together, strongly suggest that direct cellular protection to renal tubules does attend verapamil administration during O2 deprivation, and the mechanism may involve the prevention of several pathophysiologic events that normally accompany increased Ca2+ uptake rate, rather than simply the prevention of tissue Ca2+ overload, an event that occurs only in hypoxia, not anoxia.
Policing Mars or Venus? Comparing European and US approaches to police assistance

Abstract This article examines European and US approaches to police assistance in Afghanistan through the lens of strategic culture analysis. It is widely assumed that the Europeans are engaged in establishing a democratic, civilian police force in Afghanistan, while the US aim to transform the Afghan National Police (ANP) into a militarized auxiliary force of the Afghan army. Drawing on Kagan's famous dichotomy of Mars and Venus, the article first outlines the concept of strategic culture analysis with regard to US and European foreign policy strategies. It then describes the historical experiences of Western powers with police assistance in the so-called Third World in order to explore historical patterns of police assistance that have shaped specific strategic cultures of police assistance. Against this background European and US approaches to police assistance are contrasted with the practices of reforming the ANP on the ground. The article concludes that, contrary to the ‘Mars-Venus divide’, the US a...
EVIDENCE-BASED MEDICINE AND COST-EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS

Health care consumes a large and growing share of the gross domestic product in the United States and other developed nations, and as changes occur in the way health care is provided and financed, clinicians have come under increased scrutiny to control costs and curtail indiscriminate resource use. In the past, physicians and other providers were generally only concerned about individual patients and usually faced decisions which were only limited to this perspective; however, clinicians have been forced to become increasingly concerned with issues that affect groups of patients and must often grapple with decisions that, directly and indirectly, concern resource allocation and economic impact. In the inpatient setting, for example, a physician may sit on committees that determine a hospital's antibiotic formulary or may be required to make recommendations concerning the choice of a thrombolytic agent for the treatment of an acute myocardial infarction. On a broader scale, a physician may serve as the medical director of a managed care organization or as an advisor to a regulatory agency and be responsible for decisions that affect thousands or more patients. Finally, economic analyses are increasingly published in the medical literature; recent estimations have stated that over 100 cost-effectiveness analyses are published each year in the medical literature, a figure that has steadily grown over the past decade. 10 Clearly, these issues of fair allocation and reasoned distribution require familiarity with the basic techniques of economic analysis and related quantitative methods. Clinical decisions often require an evidence-based approach to ensure that decisions are reached on the basis of sound scientific evidence and reasoning to avoid the pitfalls of anecdotal recall and unsubstantiated empiricism. Economic decisions and decisions regarding program selection and health care planning need to follow a similar standardized rigor according to an accepted methodologic norm. Just as the reliance upon insufficient, unsubstantiated evidence in concert with unproven clinical opinion often leads to substandard diagnostic and therapeutic choices, the use of haphazard and random criteria also leads to inefficient and inequitable allocation and expenditure of resources, with suboptimal and submaximal clinical yield.
Revisiting multi-tier wage structures: Equity, employment mobility, and tier effects

This study considers the competing conclusions reached by Martin and Peterson (1987) and Cappelli and Sherer (1990) regarding two-tier wage systems and examines how worker perceptions of their own employment mobility affect attitudes about two-tier systems. Findings from a hybrid multi-tier wage system in the retail food industry containing both permanent and merging or temporary tiers indicates that workers on the permanently lower B tier possessed more negative attitudes than their A-tier counterparts, with some evidence that the effects of permanent and temporary plans differ. Employment mobility moderates these attitudes, for low mobility workers report more positive attitudes than do high mobility workers.
Development of a sample preparation method for the analysis of current-use pesticides in sediment using gas chromatography.

Pyrethroid insecticides have been implicated as the cause of sediment toxicity to Hyalella azteca in both agricultural and urban areas of California; however, for a subset of these toxic sediments (~30%), the cause of toxicity remains unidentified. This article describes the analytical method development for seven additional pesticides that are being examined to determine if they might play a role in the unexplained toxicity. A pressurized liquid extraction method was optimized to simultaneously extract diazinon, methyl parathion, oxyfluorfen, dicofol, fenpropathrin, pyraclostrobin, and indoxacarb from sediment, and the extracts were cleaned using a two-step solid-phase extraction procedure. The final extract was analyzed for the target pesticides by gas chromatography/nitrogen–phosphorus detector (GC/NPD), and gas chromatography/electron capture detector (GC/ECD), after sulfur was removed by shaking with copper and cold crystallization. Three sediments were used as reference matrices to assess method accuracy and precision. Method detection limits were 0.23–1.8 ng/g dry sediment using seven replicates of sediment spiked at 1.0 ng/g dry sediment. Recoveries ranged from 61.6 to 118% with relative standard deviations of 2.1–17% when spiked at 5.0 and 50 ng/g dry sediment. The three reference sediments, spiked with 50 ng/g dry weight of the pesticide mixture, were aged for 0.25, 1, 4, 7, and 14 days. Recoveries of the pesticides in the sediments generally decreased with increased aging time, but the magnitude of the decline was pesticide and sediment dependent. The developed method was applied to field-collected sediments from the Central Valley of California.
Talk—a high-level source language debugging technique with real-time data extraction: 26

TALK, meaning Take A LooK, is a debugging technique which aids substantially in debugging complex real-time programming systems by interrupting the users program at desired points to extract previously specified data. The extracted data is later edited, listing the associated data with its high-level source language identification.
Tissue distribution of [67Ga]citrate and 111InC13 in mouse with adenocarcinoma

Abstract A comparative study has been made on the relative tumor uptake and tissue distribution of [ 67 Ga]citrate and 111 InCl 3 in C3H/HEN mice bearing C3HBA mammary adenocarcinoma. After i.p. injection of either tracer into tumor-bearing mice, the total organ activity and specific activity of blood, tumor and various organs have been determined at 24, 48, 72 and 96 h. The blood level of either tracer at 24 h and thereafter becomes low (4–6%). The specific activities of both 67 Ga and 111 In in the liver, spleen, muscle and tumor do not change with time, while those in blood, lungs and intestine decrease with time. The renal specific activities are the highest for both 67 Ga and 111 In. The tumor uptake values for both 67 Ga and 111 In appear to be similar. While the tumor-to-organ specific activity ratios are always less than unity for the liver, spleen and kidney, the tumor-to-blood and tumor-to-muscle specific activity ratios are always higher than unity for both radionuclides.
Ion induced optical emission for surface and depth profile analysis

Low-energy ion bombardment of solid surfaces results in the emission of infrared, visible, and ultraviolet radiation produced by inelastic ion-solid collision processes. The emitted optical radiation provides important insight into low-energy particle-solid interactions and provides the basis for an analysis technique which can be used for surface and depth profile analysis with high sensitivity. The different kinds of collision induced optical radiation emitted as a result of low-energy particle-solid collisions are reviewed. Line radiation arising from excited states of sputtered atoms or molecules is shown to provide the basis for surface and depth profile analysis. The spectral characteristics of this type of radiation are discussed and applications of the ion induced optical emission technique are presented. These applications include measurements of ion implant profiles, detection sensitivities for submonolayer quantities of impurities on elemental surfaces, and the detection of elemental impurities on complex organic substrates.
Study of the undergraduate business policy course at AACSB‐accredited universities

This paper reports the results of a study directed toward determining: (1) the current pervasiveness of the requirement of a business policy course by AACSB-accredited undergraduate programmes, (2) the general characteristics of the courses, (3) the organization of the courses, and (4) anticipated future changes in the courses. A questionnaire was mailed to all 208 AACSB-accredited schools and returns were obtained from 203 of them. The paper presents the results derived from these responses and draws conclusions with regard to the study's objectives.
Effects of growth on expenditures and revenue of selected cities on the Dallas-Fort Worth metropolitan region

Abstract This paper identifies the effect of growth on the expenditures and revenue of cities in the Dallas-Fort Worth region. This paper first refers to prior research that examined changes in population and employment in cities in the region. These changes resulted from an increase in basic employment in certain activity centers within the region. The analysis in this paper demonstrates that, in most cases, city expenditure do not increase in proportion to city revenue, and often an increase in expenditures exceeds growth in revenue.
Identification of the initially NBD-labeled essential tyrosine residue in bovine heart MF1-ATPase.

Abstract Bovine heart MF1-ATPase was labeled with limiting amounts of [14C]NBD-C1([14C]4-chloro-7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole) and the resulting radioactive label on the essential Tyr was stabilized by reduction with zinc in the presence of multidentate ligand EDTA and redox mediator 4,4′-dipyridyl. Subsequent treatment of the labeled protein with cyanogen bromide and separation of the reaction mixture by ion-exchange chromatography yielded essentially only one radioactive polypeptide. Further cleavage of this polypeptide with TPCK-trypsin, lactonization of the terminal homoserine residue and reaction with derivatized polystyrene resin gave a shorter peptide attached to the solid support which contained all the radioactivity. Edman degradation showed that the amino acid sequence of this peptide was Glu·Gly·Asn·Asp·Leu·Tyr·His·Glu·Met, which corresponds to residues 192–200 in the beta subunit of bovine heart MF1-ATPase as determined by Runswick and Walker (1983). Since this specifically labeled Tyr-197 is separated by only one amino acid residue from the essential Glu-199 which was labeled specifically with dicyclohexylcarbodiimide by Yoshida et al. (1982) it seems most likely that both Tyr-197 and Glu-199 play direct roles in the catalytic hydrolysis and synthesis of ATP.
The Racialized Picket Line: White Workers and Racism in the Southern California Supermarket Strike

In a time when union membership is increasingly becoming more racially and ethnically diverse, it is important to understand how race impacts the strategies of contemporary labor struggles. This study explores the racial consciousness of white union members participating in the UFCW grocery workers’ strike in Southern California. Using data gathered through in-depth interviews and participant observation, I document the gender-specific racialization of ‘scabs’ and customers as expressed by white union members through a series of in-depth interviews and participant observation. This study uncovers the myriad ways white supremacy and white racial solidarity are created and maintained in a multiracial labor struggle.
Influence of Various Consolidation Techniques on the Green Microstructure and Sintering Behavior of Alumina Powders

Submicrometer alumina powders, of both standard and narrow particle-size distributions, were consolidated by dry-pressing and colloidal-forming techniques. The resulting green compacts were characterized in terms of pore-size distribution, green density, shrinkage behavior, and sintered density. The interrelationships between powder characteristics, green compact microstructure, and sintering behavior are discussed. There are distinct differences between the characteristics of compacts that were directly consolidated from powder suspensions and those that were dry pressed. Dense microstructures can be achieved at low temperatures using narrow-sized, well-dispersed powders with colloidal-forming techniques.
Medium-Dependent Variation in Bactericidal Activity of Antibiotics Against Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus

Abstract Staphylococcus aureus resistant to bactericidal activity of antibiotics caused sepsis in three patients. Bacteriological and clinical responses were not achieved until serum and tissue fluid levels of administered antibiotics exceeded the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the infecting organism. Fifteen clinical isolates of S. aureus were tested in brain heart infusion broth and Mueller-Hinton broth for the MBC of gentamicin, vancomycin, clindamycin, oxacillin, cefazolin, and cephalothin. Results showed significant eightfold or greater broth-dependent differences in the MBC of at least one antibiotic against 87% (13/15) of strains tested. The MBC was unpredictable and varied with the strain, antibiotic, and medium used. No controlled studies are available to indicate the clinical significance of the MBC demonstrated in different media. The necessity for treating serious infection with bactericidal drugs has not yet been established; however, in septicemia such as that caused by bacterial endocarditis, bacteriostatic antibiotics have generally failed to eradicate the infection, whereas bactericidal agents have often been curative. Therefore, in patients unresponsive to usual antistaphylococcal therapy, we suggest that MBC testing be performed in at least two media and that treatment be instituted with antibiotics demonstrating the lowest MBC in all media used.
The effects of the Let's Get Rational board game on rational thinking, depression, and self-acceptance in adolescents

The present study investigated the effects of the Let's Get Rational board game on rational thinking, depression, and self-acceptance in high school students. A sample of 80 subjects (40 male, 40 female) was selected for participation in this study. Four experimental groups of 10 students played the board game Let's Get Rational for one 52 minute class period once a week for seven weeks. Three dependent measures were used. These included a measure of rational thinking (Child and Adolescent Scale of Irrationality), a measure of depression (Beck Depression Inventory), and a measure of self-acceptance (Adjective Generation Technique). Cell means were calculated for the following independent variables: 1) treatment vs. no treatment, 2) gender—male vs. female, and 3) grade level—9th, 10th, 11th, and 12th. Results indicated that the subjects in the experimental group agreed with fewer irrational beliefs than subjects who received no treatment. Ninth grade experimental subjects reported less irrational thinking than did 9th-grade control group subjects. Finally, 10th-grade experimental subjects were significantly less depressed than 10th-grade control subjects.
An indirect method for increasing the rate of social interaction in an autistic child

The treatment of a 9-year-old autistic boy who manifested a low rate of social interaction with his parents and older sister is described. Previous attempts to persuade the parents to devote more time to interacting with the child had failed. The parents then were instructed to give the child training in hand writing. A dramatic improvement in the S's ability to reproduce the alphabet was observed. More importantly, a great increase in the rate of interaction between the child and the members of his family was documented. The percent of 10-second intervals in which the S spoke to his family or they spoke to him jumped from 19% during baseline to 89% during the intervention phase. Post-intervention rates of interaction continued to be higher than during baseline.
Late expulsion of a Dacron patch after carotid endarterectomy

Patch angioplasty using synthetic materials such as Dacron and polytetrafluoroethylene has become the standard of care after carotid endarterectomy. This method has been shown to reduce recurrent stenosis and stroke as compared to primary closure. Complications, including infection and pseudoaneurysm, are very rare. Another complication that has been described in two case reports to date is the late rejection of a polytetrafluoroethylene patch. We present the first reported case of a late Dacron patch expulsion 4 years after carotid endarterectomy. The patient was managed conservatively after a selective carotid arteriogram demonstrated no evidence of stenosis or pseudoaneurysm formation.
PREDICTING CORPORATE PERFORMANCE FROM ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE

This article investigates the relationships of culture strength and two substantive cultural values with corporate performance. Culture strength is measured by the consistency of responses to survey items across people and the two cultural values are measured by items on the survey that relate to either adaptability or stability. The data, from management surveys of 11 US insurance companies in 1981, were correlated with asset and premium growth rates from 1982 to 1987. Results indicate that both a strong culture regardless of content and a substantive value placed on adaptability are associated with better performance for two to three subsequent years on both criterion measures. The results support the findings of Denison (1990) that strength of culture is predictive of short-term performance. The present results, however, suggest a more complex contingency model than that proposed by Denison.
Happiness, the Self and Human Flourishing

The psychological condition of happiness is normally considered a paradigm subjective good, and is closely associated with subjectivist accounts of well-being. This article argues that the value of happiness is best accounted for by a non-subjectivist approach to welfare: a eudaimonistic account that grounds well-being in the fulfillment of our natures, specifically in self-fulfillment. And self-fulfillment consists partly in authentic happiness. A major reason for this is that happiness, conceived in terms of emotional state, bears a special relationship to the self. These arguments also point to a more sentimentalist approach to well-being than one finds in most contemporary accounts, particularly among Aristotelian forms of eudaimonism.
Downstream Sequences Influence the Choice between a Naturally Occurring Noncanonical and Closely Positioned Upstream Canonical Heptameric Fusion Motif during Bovine Coronavirus Subgenomic mRNA Synthesis

Mechanisms leading to subgenomic mRNA (sgmRNA) synthesis in coronaviruses are poorly understood but are known to involve a heptameric signaling motif, originally called the intergenic sequence. The intergenic sequence is the presumed crossover region (fusion site) for RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) during discontinuous transcription, a process leading to sgmRNAs that are both 5′ and 3′ coterminal. In the bovine coronavirus, the major fusion site for synthesis of mRNA 5 (GGUAGAC) does not conform to the canonical motif (UC[U,C]AAAC) at three positions (underlined), yet it lies just 14 nucleotides downstream from such a sequence (UCCAAAC). The infrequently used canonical sequence, by computer prediction, is buried within the stem of a stable hairpin (−17.2 kcal/mol). Here we document the existence of this stem by enzyme probing and examine its influence and that of neighboring sequences on the unusual choice of fusion sites by analyzing transcripts made in vivo from mutated defective interfering RNA constructs. We learned that (i) mutations that were predicted to unfold the stem-loop in various ways did not switch RdRp crossover to the upstream canonical site, (ii) a totally nonconforming downstream motif resulted in no measurable transcription from either site, (iii) the canonical upstream site does not function ectopically to lend competence to the downstream noncanonical site, and (iv) altering flanking sequences downstream of the downstream noncanonical motif in ways that diminish sequence similarity with the virus genome 5′ end caused a dramatic switch to the upstream canonical site. These results show that sequence elements downstream of the noncanonical site can dramatically influence the choice of fusion sites for synthesis of mRNA 5 and are interpreted as being most consistent with a mechanism of similarity-assisted RdRp strand switching during minus-strand synthesis.
Dicyclohexano‐18‐crown‐6

(cis-syn-cis) [15128-65-1] C20H36O6 (MW 372.50) InChI = 1S/C20H36O6/c1-2-6-18-17(5-1)23-13-9-21-11-15-25-19-7-3-4-8-20(19)26-16-12-22-10-14-24-18/h17-20H,1-16H2/t17-,18+,19+,20- InChIKey = BBGKDYHZQOSNMU-JVSBHGNQSA-N (cis-anti-cis) [56468-35-0] InChI = 1S/C20H36O6/c1-2-6-18-17(5-1)23-13-9-21-11-15-25-19-7-3-4-8-20(19)26-16-12-22-10-14-24-18/h17-20H,1-16H2/t17-,18+,19-,20+ InChIKey = BBGKDYHZQOSNMU-FGYAAKKASA-N (complexation agent; promoter of halide reactions, carbon, oxygen, and sulfur anion reactions, eliminations, oxidations, and reductions) Physical Data: mp 38–54 °C (mixture of isomers); cis-syn-cis isomer mp 61–62 °C; cis-anti-cis isomer (two forms) mp 69–70 °C and 83–84 °C. 1H NMR: (mixture of isomers, C6D6) 3.3–4.0 ppm (20H multiplet) and 0.9–2.2 ppm (16H multiplet). Form Supplied in: all isomers are colorless crystals. Preparative Methods: a mixture of diastereomers is prepared in 58–69% yield by the hydrogenation of Dibenzo-18-crown-6 in n-butanol over 5% ruthenium on alumina at 1000 psi.1 This mixture has been separated into the cis-syn-cis and cis-anti-cis isomers.2 Direct synthesis of the trans-syn-trans (mp 120–121 °C) and trans-anti-trans (mp 77–80 °C) isomers from trans-1,2-cyclohexanediol has been reported.3, 4 Handling, Storage, and Precautions: toxic orally; eye and skin irritant, with possible permanent injury; absorbed by skin. Use in a fume hood.
Calibrating combined model of trip distribution, modal split, and traffic assignment

A method for calibrating a combined model of travel choices for the Chicago, Illinois, region is described and illustrated. This model and its simultaneous calibration method seek to ensure that travel choices are represented consistently, thereby offering an operational method for implementing and solving the four-step travel forecasting procedure with feedback.
Differential Mycobacterium bovis BCG Vaccine-Derived Efficacy in C3Heb/FeJ and C3H/HeOuJ Mice Exposed to a Clinical Strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

The global epidemic caused by the bacterial pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis continues unabated. Moreover, the only available vaccine against tuberculosis, Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG), demonstrates variable efficacy. To respond to this global threat, new animal models that mimic the pathological disease process in humans are required for vaccine testing. One new model, susceptible C3Heb/FeJ mice, is similar to human tuberculosis in that these animals are capable of forming necrotic tubercle granulomas, in contrast to resistant C3H/HeOuJ mice. In this study, we evaluated the impact of prior BCG vaccination of C3Heb/FeJ and C3H/HeOuJ mice on exposure to a low-dose aerosol of Mycobacterium tuberculosis W-Beijing strain SA161. Both BCG-vaccinated murine strains demonstrated reduced bacterial loads 25 days after infection compared to controls, indicating vaccine efficacy. However, during chronic infection, vaccine efficacy waned in C3H/HeOuJ but not in C3Heb/FeJ mice. Protection in vaccinated C3Heb/FeJ mice was associated with reduced numbers of CD11b(+) Gr1(+) cells, increased numbers of effector and memory T cells, and an absence of necrotic granulomas. BCG vaccine efficacy waned in C3H/HeOuJ mice, as indicated by reduced expression of gamma interferon (IFN-γ) and increased expressions of interleukin-17 (IL-17), IL-10, and Foxp3 by T cells compared to C3Heb/FeJ mice. This is the first murine vaccine model system described to date that can be utilized to dissect differential vaccine-derived immune efficacy.
Method for a Constant Loop Bandwidth in LC-VCO PLL Frequency Synthesizers

An LC-VCO based phase-locked loop (PLL) frequency synthesizer which incorporates loop bandwidth tracking is described. In order to minimize loop bandwidth variations resulting from changes in the LC-VCO gain, the proposed PLL employs an averaging varactor based split-tuned LC-VCO and a servo loop which sets the charge-pump current to be inversely proportional to the square of the oscillation frequency. The combination of these techniques maintains a constant loop bandwidth over a wide range of operating frequencies. Fabricated in a 0.13 mum CMOS technology, the prototype chip measures less than plusmn4% variation in KVCOmiddotICP / N (equivalent to the variation in PLL loop bandwidth) for an operating frequency range of 3.1 to 3.9 GHz.
Board member competency: a Q methodology approach.

The purpose of this study was to use developed competencies to examine their importance to current public parks and recreation board members. This was done using Q methodology to determine profiles of public parks and recreation board members and the perceived value they assigned to specific competencies. A principle components analysis was used to factor analyze an 11 x 11 Q sort matrix. The results indicated there are three types of board members including participatory, community representative, and conceptual nonpolitical. These three types had similarities and differences that demonstrated a better understanding of what competencies are important for board members to function efficiently and effectively.
Simultaneous Transmit And Receive with a small planar array

A small three element linear planar array designed to have high isolation between elements for Simultaneous Transmit And Receive (STAR) is demonstrated. This high isolation is achieved through use of tunable resonators that control the near fields of the array without detrimentally affecting the radiated fields. These resonators, which are placed between the patch antenna elements of the array, provide a narrow-band tunable phase shift of the mutual coupling between adjacent elements. By transmitting on the outer two elements and controlling the phase of the coupling from these elements to the middle element, the sum of mutual coupling terms can be reduced by up to 51 dB.
A novel method for the determination of color matching functions

An instrument was developed for the psychophysical measurement of color matching functions. The instrumental design centers around the use of lasers as the primary light sources. The three (RGB) laser beams are independently controlled with acousto-optic modulators and projected into a diffuser for color mixing. The instrument was designed to allow for free viewing of the matching fields and versatility in the implementation of the matching fields and surround. To simplify data collection, a model was developed that allows the computation of the full spectral tristimulus functions based on just five visual matches. This model expresses color matching functions as linear transforms of the cone action spectra multiplied by variable transmittances of the lens and macula. The model was tested using the 2° color matching data of Stiles and Burch, and preliminary data were collected and modeled using the new instrument.
An implicit three‐dimensional fully non‐hydrostatic model for free‐surface flows

An implicit method is developed for solving the complete three-dimensional (3D) Navier–Stokes equations. The algorithm is based upon a staggered finite difference Crank-Nicholson scheme on a Cartesian grid. A new top-layer pressure treatment and a partial cell bottom treatment are introduced so that the 3D model is fully non-hydrostatic and is free of any hydrostatic assumption. A domain decomposition method is used to segregate the resulting 3D matrix system into a series of two-dimensional vertical plane problems, for each of which a block tri-diagonal system can be directly solved for the unknown horizontal velocity. Numerical tests including linear standing waves, nonlinear sloshing motions, and progressive wave interactions with uneven bottoms are performed. It is found that the model is capable to simulate accurately a range of free-surface flow problems using a very small number of vertical layers (e.g. two–four layers). The developed model is second-order accuracy in time and space and is unconditionally stable; and it can be effectively used to model 3D surface wave motions. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Observations on labeling of neuronal cell bodies, axons, and terminals after injection of horseradish peroxidase into rat brain

We observed with light microscopy the evolution of neuronal labeling phenomena in rats with two hours to eight days survival following injection of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) into the neostriatum. We compared the results of neostriatal injection with those injection of the overlying neocortex. The following conclusions were reached. The zone of diffuse background HRP around the injection site began to shrink after 18 hours. The extent of the early zone of diffusion was marked from 18 hours to two days by a universal granular labeling of neurons. This granular cell labeling appears to be the result of earlier diffuse cell labeling rather than retrograde axonal transport. Retrograde labeling of cells takes place from terminals and from damaged axons. Anterograde labeling of what appear to be terminals and fine preterminal axons takes place only from cells in the injection area, and not from either intact or damaged axons of passage. Usually the axons engaged in such retrograde or anterograde transport are not visibly labeled. Labeling of cells and terminals is generally optimal at 12 to 24 hours, but corticostriatal cells in layer V of the neocortex are seen best at 24 to 36 hours. The area from which retrograde labeling of cells takes place is larger than that from which anterograde labeling of terminals occurs. Massive intra-axonal movement of HRP away from the injection site occurs within a few hours in axons of passage as well as those originating there. This axonal labeling fades in most axons by 24 hours, but certain axons remain darkly labeled. The latter are probably damaged, since labeled axons which appear to be degenerating are later (3–5 days) seen in the same place, and Fink-Heimer staining of adjacent sections also shows degenerating axons in these regions. The early massive labeling of axons can lead to short-lived labeling of complete axonal arborizations within the range of this intra-axonal movement of HRP. But it seems to have no relation to the longer-lived labeling of distant cells and terminals, which presumably results from active axonal transport. This suggests that HRP entering axons of passage is not captured by the axonal transport mechanisms.