cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
From Curiosity to Care: Heterosexual Student Interest in Sexual Diversity Courses

In this study, we examined the impact of a course, the Psychology of Homosexuality, on heterosexual students' attitudes toward and knowledge about sexual minorities (i.e., lesbians, gay men, bisexual men and women, and transgendered persons). We investigated who enrolled in a class about sexual diversity and what they most wanted to learn. Enrolled students reported increased exposure to issues of homosexuality since entering college, and many had sexual minority friends. At preclass, students were most interested in knowing why people are homosexual, whereas at postclass they were interested in supporting someone coming out. Students left the class with significantly decreased homophobia. We discuss the most effective teaching strategies and additional recommendations for discussing sexual diversity in the classroom.
A Note on Non‐Parametric Tests for the Change‐Point Problem

Two general classes of non-parametric tests for the change-point problem are introduced. In-variance principles lead to accessible asymptotic distribution theory.
On the Exhaustion and Elimination of Trapping Sets: Algorithms & The Suppressing Effect

This paper studies a systematic treatment of trapping sets in finite-length LDPC codes and its related theoretic properties. It is proven that the complexity of deciding the minimal trapping distance is NP-complete. Furthermore, exhausting minimal trapping sets can be achieved by using any good stopping set exhaustion algorithm as a building block. The suppressing effect of cyclic lifting for trapping sets is also studied in this work, which characterizes the probability that a base code trapping sets survives after applying the cyclic lifting technique. The corresponding quantitative knowledge about the origin of small trapping sets in the cyclically lifted codes helps provide definite guidelines for the base code optimization to lower the error-floor over non-erasure channels. Extensive numerical experiments are provided to demonstrate the various techniques discussed in this work.
An expert system for control and cell classification

The objective of this work was to develop and test rule-based expert-system techniques to control an interactive cytophotometry system. The application for this system was the detection and measurement of individual cells stained specifically for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in patients with AIDS. A microscopic photometry system was used to acquire digitized images of labeled cells. The expert system consisted of a set of program modules that took the digitized video image through several data transduction phases to the final state of identification and measurement. Human experts interactively developed rules to identify cells, determine the cell type, and determine the staining density and patterns of individual cells. >
Cooperative intelligent agents for mission support

This paper investigates the use of an agent-based framework for knowledge sharing and interoperability between autonomous subsystems for mission software. The two main goals of this work are the integration of applications into a common framework, and mission independent generalization of applications. The rationale for having multiple interacting agents is that a society of agents would provide added value by cooperation. One of the main benefits is enabling the applications to share information and knowledge and coordinate the decision-making process at run time, in an autonomous manner in the domain of space operations and control. Previous autonomy developments have resulted in efficient and robust inference engines, oriented mostly towards planning and scheduling activities, with little concern for a more general framework of an integrated mission operation system. We attempt to incorporate previous expertise in a more general way, by extending it to a set of heterogeneous applications. The applications will adhere to the common shared background will be generic, mission independent, and re-usable. The system architecture has been based on interacting agents. The applications are considered as knowledge based agents sharing their knowledge. Agents communicate their intentions, goals and they also commit to achieve tasks on behalf of other agents. An agent is more than anything an entity that has goals to fulfil and resources to manage. These goals can be induced by its needs or derived from contracts that the agent commits to achieve. The agents are assigned with goals and they cooperate to achieve these goals. Goals can be specified beyond the level of an isolated agent. Experiments have been realized using a given agent infrastructure, with a representative scenario, requiring the cooperation of different agents; initial results are presented.
Pleuropulmonary Involvement in Pseudomyxoma Peritonei Morphologic Assessment and Literature Review

Intrathoracic spread in patients with pseudomyxoma peritonei (PP) is rare. We reviewed 101 patients uniformly treated at our institution for PP of appendiceal origin. In that study, we suggested mucinous carcinoma peritonei (MCP) as the pathologic terminology for all cases of PP. Four patients had pathologically documented pleuropulmonary involvement. We subsequently examined another patient with pleural invasion. Of 5 patients, 3 had low-grade histologic features in the peritoneum; these showed variably proliferative, bland-appearing neoplastic cells arising from low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasms. In 2 cases, 1 or more pulmonary parenchymal metastases of low histologic grade developed. The lack of pleural involvement argued against transdiaphragmatic tumor extension. The third patient with low-grade MCP had direct extension through the left diaphragm involving the left pleural and pericardial spaces without pulmonary parenchymal involvement. In the 2 patients with high-grade MCP, right-sided pleural effusions developed. Neither patient had documented injury to the diaphragm. Pleural cytologic examination revealed high-grade adenocarcinoma cells singly, in small clusters, and in large spheres. The smear backgrounds contained wispy mucin. None of the 5 patients developed thoracic lymph nodal metastases. Although rare, mucinous neoplasms from PP may involve the thorax.
Management of hepatic encephalopathy in the hospital.

Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) develops in up to 50% of patients with cirrhosis and is a feature of decompensated cirrhosis. With the goal of reviewing the evidence for treatment and prevention of overt hepatic encephalopathy, pubmed was searched using search terms hepatic encephalopathy AND treatment, limited to human studies from January 1, 2003, through December 1, 2013, and supplemented by key references. The inpatient incidence of HEisapproximately 23,000annually, andmanagement of these patients iscommon for internists and subspecialists. Treatment of the hospitalized patient with HE has changed in recent years. Treatment entails 2 phases: induction and maintenance of remission. Most cases of significant HE are precipitated by infection, gastrointestinal bleeding, medications, or other culprits. All patients should be evaluated for secondary triggers of HE, and treatment should be initiated with a nonabsorbable disaccharide (ie, lactulose) in most patients. Rifaximin (off label) can be added in patients not responding to lactulose. Neomycin is a less preferred alternative to rifaximin owing to its adverse effect profile. Other therapies, including zinc, L-ornithineeL-aspartate, and branched-chain amino acids, can be considered for patients not responding to disaccharides and nonabsorbable antibiotics. Large portosystemic shunts may be embolized in patients with medically refractory recurrent or severe HE with otherwise well-compensated cirrhosis. Molecular Adsorbent Recirculating System is now available for patients with severe HE who do not respond to medical therapy. It is critically important that patients hospitalized with significant HE continue maintenance therapy at the time of dismissal to prevent further episodes. Patients with a first-time episode of HE can be administered lactulose, and careful instructions should be provided to patients and caregivers about dose titrationto achieve3bowel movements daily. Patientswith recurrent HEepisodesdespitelactuloseusebenefit from the addition of rifaximin, which decreases the frequency of recurrent HE episodes and related hospitalizations. Last, patients and their families should be counseled about the risk of motor vehicle accidents, which require mandatory reporting to the Department of Motor Vehicles in some states. a 2014 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research n Mayo Clin Proc. 2014;89(2):241-253
Physics of instability of thin film Si and (Si,Ge) alloy solar cells

The physics of instability of thin film Si solar cells is strongly dependent upon the nature of the Si, whether it is amorphous or nano(also called micro)crystalline. The amorphous phase is much more unstable than the nanocrystalline phase. The instability of the amorphous Si , which is really an alloy of Si and H, and H, is primarily due to the poor microstructure of the material. The amorphous material is not homogeneous, but is rather composed of an inhomogeneous mixture of randomly distributed Si-H bonds, and localized voids which are full of Si-H double bonds, or H atoms in close proximity to each other. The instability depends critically upon the presence of these voids and clustered H. In contrast, nanocrystalline Si, which also has H at the grain boundaries, is much more stable. However, some structural forms of nanocrystalline Si are unstable because of the penetration of impurities such as oxygen into the structure, or poorly bonded Si-H bonds at large-grain grain boundaries. The techniques for making both amorphous and nanocrystalline Si based solar cell materials more stable are discussed in this paper. In general, the alloys such as amorphous (Si,Ge) are more unstable because their structure is more complicated and more inhomogeneous than that of Si.
Remote belief: preserving volition for loosely coupled processes

Knowledge has proven to be a useful and fundamental formalism for reasoning about distributed systems. The application of this formalism, however entails a loss of volition on the part of processes about which something is known. This loss of volition is often not appropriate in loosely coupled distributed systems. In this paper we generalize the formal characterization of knowledge into one of belief. Belief has the advantage of allowing processes to maintain volition. We examine some of the similarities and surprising differences between knowledge and belief. We also present some examples of distributed applications that are more conveniently characterized with belief rather than knowledge.
Mesh clustering by approximating centroidal Voronoi tessellation

An elegant and efficient mesh clustering algorithm is presented. The faces of a polygonal mesh are divided into different clusters for mesh coarsening purpose by approximating the Centroidal Voronoi Tessellation of the mesh. The mesh coarsening process after clustering can be done in an isotropic or anisotropic fashion. The presented algorithm improves previous techniques in local geometric operations and parallel updates. The new algorithm is very simple but is guaranteed to converge, and generates better approximating meshes with the same computation cost. Moreover, the new algorithm is suitable for the variational shape approximation problem with L2, 1 distortion error metric and the convergence is guaranteed. Examples demonstrating efficiency of the new algorithm are also included in the paper.
Personal Behavior and Professional Ethics Implications for Special Educators

The need for enforceable professional standards for special educators is discussed within the context of recent criminal convictions of four prominent special educators. Their misconduct is related to possible contributing factors that are inherent in our present system: the lack of clear professional standards and emphasis on centralized controls. Another factor is our society's tendency to use publicity in lieu of research evidence. Examples of each factor are provided within the broad context of professional education. Some corrections are proposed.
Phase unwrapping for large SAR interferograms: statistical segmentation and generalized network models

Two-dimensional (2-D) phase unwrapping is a key step in the analysis of interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) data. While challenging even in the best of circumstances, this problem poses unique difficulties when the dimensions of the interferometric input data exceed the limits of one's computational capabilities. In order to deal with such cases, we propose a technique for applying the statistical-cost, network-flow phase-unwrapping algorithm (SNAPHU) of Chen and Zebker (2001) to large datasets. Specifically, we introduce a methodology whereby a large interferogram is partitioned into a set of several smaller tiles that are unwrapped individually and then divided further into independent, irregularly shaped reliable regions. These regions are subsequently assembled into a full unwrapped solution, with the phase offsets between regions computed in a secondary optimization problem whose objective is to maximize the a posteriori probability of the final solution. As this secondary problem assumes the same statistical models as employed in the initial tile-unwrapping stage, the technique results in a solution that approximates the solution that would have been obtained had the full-size interferogram been unwrapped as a single piece. The secondary problem is framed in terms of network-flow ideas, allowing the use of an existing nonlinear solver. Applying the algorithm to a large topographic interferogram acquired over central Alaska, we find that the technique is less prone to unwrapping artifacts than more simple tiling approaches.
Salient Contour Extraction by Temporal Binding in a Cortically-based Network

It has been suggested that long-range intrinsic connections in striate cortex may play a role in contour extraction (Gilbert et al., 1996). A number of recent physiological and psychophysical studies have examined the possible role of long range connections in the modulation of contrast detection thresholds (Polat and Sagi, 1993, 1994; Kapadia et al., 1995; Kovacs and Julesz, 1994) and various pre-attentive detection tasks (Kovacs and Julesz, 1993; Field et al., 1993). We have developed a network architecture based on the anatomical connectivity of striate cortex, as well as the temporal dynamics of neuronal processing, that is able to reproduce the observed experimental results. The network has been tested on real images and has applications in terms of identifying salient contours in automatic image processing systems.
Avulsion of the Left Internal Mammary Artery After Minimally Invasive Coronary Bypass

Minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass grafting is a relatively new procedure. An unusual complication occurred in a patient after a period of heavy lifting, namely, avulsion of the left internal mammary artery graft. He presented with a clinical picture of myocardial infarction and shock. Diagnostic work-up and surgical management are described.
Lower Cretaceous of Okhotsk-Chukotka volcanic belt

Regional stratigraphic sections (sedimentary-volcanogenic) are designed for the inner and the outer parts of the Okhotsk-Chukotka volcanic belt and for the Aynakhkurgenian Depression, with the appropriate correlations. -- AGI Staff.
The Complexity and Challenges of Genetic Counseling and Testing for Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an umbrella term referring to two chronic idiopathic intestinal diseases: ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). Both UC and CD are characterized by immune activation that leads to symptoms, but the location, severity and behavior of the inflammation varies among individuals and in characteristic ways between UC and CD. A majority of patients with IBD are diagnosed in young adulthood, but the response to therapy is variable and difficult to predict, with some patients demonstrating a prompt and effective remission while others have continuous symptoms that do not respond to existing medical options. Surgery remains a frequent and necessary occurrence among patients with IBD, but in UC it is considered curative, while in CD only temporizing. Clinical observations, epidemiological studies, and molecular genetics have provided strong evidence that both genetic and environmental factors are important determinants for disease susceptibility. In recent years, a number of genes have been identified that associate with CD and UC, although the clinical utility of these discoveries in patients or in susceptible family members has not been determined. Nonetheless, it is hoped that these fundamental advances in our understanding of IBD will lead to better therapies for patients and prevention strategies for those who are susceptible. Effective incorporation of clinical genetic testing for IBD into practice will require appropriate education and counseling.
The Relationship of Perceived Parental Instrumentality and Expressiveness to Future Time Perspective of Tenth‐Grade Adolescents

This study examined the relationship of perceived parental instrumentality and perceived parental expressiveness to future time perspective in tenth-grade adolescents. Of the originally selected 270 students from an urban high school, 141 from twoparent families comprised the final sample. They responded to the modified Cornell Parent Behavior Description Questionnaire(s), the Heimberg Future Time Perspective Inventory, and the Child Personal Inventory Sheet. The data obtained on the modified Cornell Parent Behavior Description Questionnaire(s) were factor analyzed to determine the maternal and paternal scales of instrumentality and expressiveness. Using the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient, three of the four hypotheses tested were supported (p < 0.05). Each hypothesis was further analyzed according to the sex of the adolescent and a different pattern of findings emerged. In this article, conclusions are drawn with direct reference to theory and implications for nursing are addressed.
Ethics in Health Care: Implications for Education and Practice

Facing an ethical dilemma in the health care setting can unfortunately be all too familiar. The ways in which a practitioner approaches ethical problem resolution are derived from many sources—including professional codes of ethics, personal values and morals, and employer influences. Pressures resulting from a business-oriented approach to health care delivery are common and can seriously affect patient safety and employee satisfaction. Essential ingredients for a principled approach, especially in the face of forces working against ethical behavior, are discussed, and implications for appropriate elements in ethics education addressed. This framework for thinking about ethical behavior recognizes and reviews the relationship between ethics and quality of health care.
Liposuction-induced panniculitis treated with potassium iodide

A 36-year-old woman with liposuction-induced panniculitis was successfully treated with potassium iodide. She presented with painful, multiple, erythematous, subcutaneous, nodules on the thighs and shins which developed at the sites of cannula insertion after receiving lipectomy. Histologic examinations revealed granulomatous infiltration with a few foreign-body giant cells, fibrosis and inflammatory infiltrates mainly composed of lymphocytes and histiocytes in the septa of the subcutis. On polarizing microscopy, performed to rule out a foreign-body reaction, there were no foreign materials and no positivity on PAS staining. Since she developed unacceptable steroid toxicity, potassium iodide (800 mg/day) was given with good effect and tolerance. We conclude that potassium iodide can be used safely and effectively in the treatment of liposuction-induced panniculitis.
Diagnostik der pränatalen Nierenfunktion

In der vorliegenden Ubersicht wird zur Einschatzung der pranatalen Nierenfunktion mittels fetaler Urinanalytik auf Elektrolyte, Osmolalitat, Proteine, Aminosauren, Harnstoff, Kreatinin und Glukose Stellung genommen. Die Beurteilung der Untersuchungsergebnisse setzt die Kenntnis der Normwerte gesunder Feten in Abhangigkeit von der Schwangerschaftsdauer voraus und mus maternale und fetale Faktoren berucksichtigen. In der Literatur liegen jedoch bisher keine einheitlichen, von der Schwangerschaftsdauer abhangigen Normwerte vor. Bei Feten mit ultrasonographisch festgestellter Oligohydramnie und Harntransportstorung wurde die Diagnostik der Zusammensetzung des fetalen Urins zur Beurteilung der Prognose der postnatalen Nierenfunktion herangezogen. Den bisher verwandten Methoden fehlt jedoch die notwendige Sensitivitat und Spezifitat, um fur den Einzelfall eine gute von einer schlechten Prognose der Nierenleistung mit ausreichender Sicherheit abzugrenzen.
Silence as Weapons: Transformative Praxis among Native American Students in the Urban Southwest.

This article explores the benefits of verbal conflicts—contested storied spaces—in a Native American literature classroom composed of a multi-tribal and multicultural urban student body. Students in this course engage in whole-class verbal discussions focusing on contemporary and historical issues concerning Native American tribes and communities. Often these conversations focus on issues of oppression, colonization, and the unjust treatment of people of color. This article discusses the ways silence has been interpreted as a deficiency within standard schooling, then moves toward a view of silence as engaging, rich in identity construction, and filled with agency. Specifically, students who appeared to be silent during verbal exchanges in whole-class discussions were very much engaged and critical of the conversation, challenging dominant perceptions of silence as detrimental to education and learning. The conversations, herein, occurred within an ethnic studies course in a state that has banned the teac...
Chemical studies on the ground substance of human epiphyseal-plate cartilage.

Six samples of human epiphyseal cartilage obtained from skeletally normal children, from one day to thirteen years old, were studied. The collagen and mucopolysaccharide content was rather constant in epiphyseal-plate cartilage of older children, but in the cartilage from the new born infant the amount of galactosamine was significantly increased. Light protein polysaccharides were extracted from three of the samples. In each case, both chondroitin sulphate and keratosulphate were present in the light protein-polysaccharide complex. The ratio of these substances seemed to be age-dependent. The amino acid composition was very similar to that of other light protein-polysaccharide preparations described in the literature. By electrophoresis, the light protein-polysaccharide fraction did not behave as an homogenous compound. Prior to any enzymatic digestion or alkaline degradation, the light protein-polysaccharide complex in each case could be resolved in two well defined bands by electrophoresis. The heavy protein-polysaccharides complex had a very low amino sugar content, which increased slightly in the samples obtained from older children.
A Carcinogen-Screening Test Based on Electrons

The 60,000 chemicals that are commonly used commercially 1 and the continual generation of new chemicals at the approximate rate of three/hour 2 underscore the need to develop efficacious means of screening chemicals for potentially biohazardous effects. In addition to this exogenous component of potential human exposure to primarily synthetic chemicals, exposures to “natural carcinogens”3 and a lifestyle component4 also contribute to our burden of environmental exposures to carcinogens. These multiple routes of exposure to a myriad of chemicals underscore the need to identify chemical carcinogens.
The motion induced between a rotating plate and a radially stretching or shrinking plate

The flow induced between parallel plates separated by a distance h executing different types of in-plane motion is investigated. The upper plate radially stretches at strain rate a and the lower plate rotates at angular velocity Ω about a common axis. A similarity solution form reduces the Navier-Stokes equations to a coupled pair of ordinary differential equations in two parameters: R = |a| h2/ν and σ = Ω/|a|, where ν is the kinematic viscosity of the fluid. Solutions are obtained for both stretching and shrinking upper plates and numerical results for pressure gradient and wall shear stress parameters are found and compared with low-R series solutions and large-R asymptotic behaviors. Sample radial and azimuthal velocity profiles reveal regions of zero radial and azimuthal wall shear stress which are studied in detail. This work represents the first study of the flow induced between parallel plates for which each plate executes a different type of in-plane motion.
Natural Abundance 17O DNP Two-Dimensional and Surface-Enhanced NMR Spectroscopy

Due to its extremely low natural abundance and quadrupolar nature, the 17O nuclide is very rarely used for spectroscopic investigation of solids by NMR without isotope enrichment. Additionally, the applicability of dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP), which leads to sensitivity enhancements of 2 orders of magnitude, to 17O is wrought with challenges due to the lack of spin diffusion and low polarization transfer efficiency from 1H. Here, we demonstrate new DNP-based measurements that extend 17O solid-state NMR beyond its current capabilities. The use of the PRESTO technique instead of conventional 1H–17O cross-polarization greatly improves the sensitivity and enables the facile measurement of undistorted line shapes and two-dimensional 1H–17O HETCOR NMR spectra as well as accurate internuclear distance measurements at natural abundance. This was applied for distinguishing hydrogen-bonded and lone 17O sites on the surface of silica gel; the one-dimensional spectrum of which could not be used to extract such...
Microflora Associated with the Confused Flour Beetle, Tribolium Confusum

Larger numbers of bacteria and lesser numbers of storage fungi were isolated from larvae and adults of Tribolium confusum Duv., and the bacteria were more numerous in the insects than in the food from which the insects were taken. These bacteria, when added to autoclaved whole wheat flour, promoted growth and reproduction of T. confusum, but spores of the fungi had little beneficial effect on the insect. Addition of these bacteria to a vitamin-free diet allowed normal development of larvae. In free-choice and olfactometer tests, more adult beetles were attracted to autoclaved flour containing spores of storage fungi, and to autoclaved flour containing bacteria isolated from the insect, than to autoclaved flour alone. The continued presence or increase of T. confusum adults in flour or wheat was always accompanied by a decrease in storage fungi and an increase in bacteria. More adult beetles survived in moldy wheat than inm old-free wheat, at relative humidities of 60% and 75%. Volatile quinones secreted by the adult beetles were relatively toxic to the storage fungi and to some bacteria even when the beetles were not in contact with them. When T. confusum and Sitophilus oryza (L.) were reared together in wheat at a moisture content of 16%–17%, populations of bacteria and storage fungi increased greatly, but with fewer molds than when S. oryza was reared alone.
Nonlinear Brillouin Imaging/Sensing via Time-Resolved Optical (BISTRO) Measurements

We proposed and experimentally demonstrated a novel concept of nonlinear Brillouin imaging and sensing for flow cytometry and imaging applications. The developed system affords robust, maintenance-free and high-speed viscoelastic measurements.
Structural Complexity in a Lizard Communication System: The Sceloporus graciosus "Push-Up" Display

shown to be discrete signals, whereas the number of legs extended and the pattern of head-bobs serve as graded signals. The three structural components are related to each other such that more head-bobs are combined with more legs being extended and a greater likelihood that display body postures are used. Males use more head-bobs, extend more legs, and use display body postures more often than do females; and sexual dimorphism is greater during the mating season than after mating has ended. Finally, the push-up display is "open" or "generative" such that new forms of the signal system will be encountered with an increasing number of displays observed. Overall, the push-up display system is shown to contain most of the types of complexity observed in the communicative displays of birds and mammals.
CS-23DEFINING THE NETWORKS AND INTERSECTION OF EGFR AMPLIFICATION AND NFKBIA DELETION IN HUMAN GLIOMA

Nuclear factor KappaB (NF-κB) is a critical transcriptional regulator in glioblastoma (GBM) and is normally inhibited by IKBα, the product of NFKBIA. The relative mutual exclusivity of EGFR amplification and NFKBIA deletion suggested a redundancy of fundamental signaling pathways mediated by EGFR and NF-κB. Our bioinformatics analysis of TCGA GBM data showed that only 11.2% cases with EGFR amplification had hemizygous deletion for NFKBIA gene and only 0.2% had homozygous deletion, whereas non-amplified tumors had 18.5% hemizygous deletion and 0.4% homozygous deletion. Using TCGA GBM data, we identified common genes that were upregulated or downregulated in a similar fashion in both EGFR amplified and NFKBIA deleted GBM samples. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) of common genes implicated TNF, p53, NF-κB and c-MYC as shared signaling pathways, suggesting they could be final common pathways downstream of EGFR amplification and NFKBIA deletion and explain relative exclusivity. Therefore, we examined the relationship of EGFR status on NFKBIA expression and the impact of aberrant NFKBIA expression on glioma viability. We found that stable over-expression of wt-EGFR in U87MG cells is associated with reduced NFKBIA compared to cells expressing basal levels of EGFR. When we transiently silenced NFKBIA in these cells, we noted increased level of PARP mediated apoptosis, suggesting that complete loss of NFKBIA in EGFR amplified cells is less compatible with viability. Additionally, overexpression of NFKBIA led induction of apoptosis in stably transformed human astrocytes as determined by FACS analysis of AnnexinV. Therefore our results demonstrate a complex interplay of EGFR and NFKBIA expression, which ultimately dictates downstream NF-κB signaling. These findings are consistent with our insilico analysis of TCGA GBMs, which demonstrate relative exclusivity of NFKBIA loss and EGFR amplification, yet aberrant NF-κB signaling across all GBM subclasses, independent of EGFR status. Our ultimate goal is to therapeutically manipulate NFKBIA downstream signaling networks.
Social Equity Survey & Analysis

Social Equity (SE) in Public Administration (PA) has a nearly 50 year history and recently has become an accepted pillar of PA. While there are no shortage of texts and articles on the merits and debated contents of SE theory, there is a gap in the literature for consideration of its entire history and an examination of early motivations and resistance to its founder’s – H. George Frederickson – efforts to react to the growing social influences in U.S. culture and the shortcomings of PA theory.This paper reviews SE from its early formation by Frederickson though the matriculation of a protege of Frederickson’s, Susan T. Gooden, to the role of ASPA president. By examining the course of the effort to establish SE as a pillar of PA, SE is considered as a policy development and standard public policy matrices and theories are invoked to understand better the effectiveness of the actors and agents who have pushed for SE to be on the PA ‘agenda’ for so long.Finally, beyond an examination of SE as a policy process, the latest developments in SE are considered and other areas of possible research are suggested to further the goals of actual social equity (not just the theory) within the U.S. and international PA practitioners. An additional aspect of this survey and analysis is a concept map collecting all aspects of SE in a single overview to facilitate learning and awareness by novices to the theory of SE.
Variation in Judgments of Criminal Sanctions: An Application of “Schema Theory”

Abstract “Schema theory” guides this study that was designed to explain judgments of criminal sanctions. We apply the perspective to predict a global level agreement in judgments, reflecting a shared legal ideology of justice and fairness. We use the perspective also to explain differences in how respondents use social knowledge structures to form judgments, based on their familiarity and experiences with the criminal justice process. We isolate crime wrongfulness and crime harmfulness, two dimensions of a crime seriousness sub-schema, to uncover variation in the judgment making process across distinct respondent samples. We find that those adjudicated by criminal courts are less concerned than others with crime wrongfulness when forming judgments of criminal sanctions; and younger respondents emphasize the harm resulting from property crime in their judgments of appropriate punishments. We conclude that schema theory is an integral tool for understanding the social actor's judgments of complex social obj...
Applying Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for ADHD to Emerging Adults

Abstract During emerging adulthood, people with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)—a disorder of self-regulation—face immense developmental challenges due to increasing demands for autonomy and self-reliance in the context of decreasing institutional and social supports. These challenges may also complicate the delivery of cognitive-behavioral treatments that have demonstrated efficacy in adults with ADHD. As such, this article highlights the implications of emerging adulthood for people with ADHD, describes common challenges in conducting skills-based treatment with these clients, and provides specific recommendations for the CBT therapist based on outcome studies, clinical literature, and clinical experience with this population.
Extinction Risk Assessment of Pinaceae Plants in National Key Protected Wild Plants List

According to IUCN Red List and Categories and Criteria and user guide,the endangerment states of Pinaceae plant species included in the first batch of National Key Protected Wild Plants List were assessed.The results implied that 24 species of the total 25 Pinaceae plants were endangered plant species,the species numbers of CR,EN and VU were 20,3 and 1 respectively.Degradation of habitat is the main reason which leads to endangerment of wild Pinaceae plants.
Hip Hop's Li’l Sistas Speak: Negotiating Hip Hop Identities and Politics in the New South. Love, B. L. New York, NY: Peter Lang, 2012. 137 pp. $141.95; $40.95.

In response to the 2012 murder of Trayvon Martin, a 17-year-old African American fatally shot by George Zimmerman, three women decided to re(build) existing Black liberation movements. Alicia Garza...
Trade-Offs and Risks in Results-Based Approaches

The growth in results-based approaches (RBA) to development financing is motivated by the underlying assumption that these approaches will incentivize implementing agencies to more closely align their actions and exert more focused effort on achieving the objectives of the program that have been agreed upon by the recipient and donor. At the same time RBAs strengthen accountability of both recipient and donor, by generating objective evidence that the agreed upon results have been achieved. But it should not necessarily be taken for granted that they are a more efficient approach to development just because payments are tied to results. If donor and government objectives are misaligned, RBA can help focus government actions towards a clear target that they may not otherwise focus on, but this comes with a shift in the risk burden towards the government agency, which is likely to come with an implicit risk premium.
Early transcatheter valve prosthesis degeneration and future ramifications.

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has become the treatment of choice for patients with severe, symptomatic aortic stenosis with prohibitive risk for valve replacement surgery (SAVR) and is now considered a favourable alternative to surgical management for patients considered to be high risk (1). Recently published results of the PARTNER 2 trial have demonstrated that TAVR is an acceptable treatment option for patients with intermediate surgical risk and may hold an advantage over surgery if feasible via transfemoral approach (2). As we continue to explore the possibility of TAVR for lower risk patients who are typically younger and good candidates for surgical therapy, the durability of the prosthesis becomes an important consideration. Bioprosthetic valve failure after surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) is well described and well investigated. Structural valve deterioration is the most common noted cause with incidence of <1%, 10–30%, and 20–50% at 1, 10 and 15 years respectively (3,4). A recent report highlighting concerns regarding the long-term durability of the early SAPIEN prosthesis has certainly compelled the structural heart community to take a step back and better evaluate the future of TAVR for patients at low surgical risk (5). Currently, clinical trials are recruiting patients in the United States to examine the efficacy of TAVR in low risk patients, both studying the Medtronic CoreValve Evolut R System (NCT02701283) and the Edwards S3 system (PARTNER 3 trial, NCT02675114).
Eukaryotic Mechanisms of Selenocysteine Incorporation and Its Reconstitution In Vitro

Selenocysteine (Sec) incorporation requires the highly choreographed interplay between a multitude of factors and the elongating eukaryotic ribosome. This chapter focuses on the mechanism by which the known factors deliver Sec-tRNA[Ser]Sec to the ribosomal A-site for both the single Sec incorporation events required for most selenoproteins as well as multiple Sec incorporation events required for the synthesis of Selenoprotein P. The role that in vitro translation systems has played in the determination of these mechanisms is highlighted.
Architecture of the Olfactory Bulb

The olfactory bulb receives primary afferent input from the sensory neurons lining the lumen of the nasal cavity. Within the synaptic circuitry of the olfactory bulb two primary populations of projection neurons, mitral and tufted cells, and several populations of interneurons, including granule and peri/juxtaglomerular cells, process the arriving odor information. The molecular specificity of the olfactory system, established with the expression of only one odor receptor by the sensory neurons, is preserved in the olfactory bulb by the convergence of sensory axons expressing the same odor receptor into specific glomeruli. In turn, because the projection neurons arborize their apical dendrite in only one glomerulus, the specificity of odor processing continues as the information is processed further in the local synaptic circuits found in the olfactory bulb. The morphology and organization of the cells in the olfactory bulb, including the specificity and spatial distribution of their synaptic connections, are explored in this chapter.
Methods of Speciation in Tropical Reef Fish

Speciation in tropical reef fish occurs through a variety of methods. It occurs allopatrically when larvae are isolated and populations are geographically distinct from one another. Allopatric speciation also occurs in the marine environment due to physical changes in the environment over large time scales. Sympatric speciation also occurs in the marine environment and is divided into several unique methods that include the following models: stepping stones, adaptive radiations, color morphologies, and the presence of cryptic species. In the following sections explore the causes of speciation in tropical reef fish and addresses the following questions: What are the driving forces behind reef fish speciation and how did genetic divergence occur initially? And, how is it possible that the diversity of reef fish is so high when the competitive exclusion principle states that only one specie may exist in a given ecological niche? Introduction: Allopatric speciation occurs when a single large population is divided into smaller subpopulations by physical barriers. If genetic exchange between these populations ceases then genetic divergence may occur leading to reproductive isolation and eventually speciation. If these barriers are crossed or broken down the now distinct species will not be able to interbreed and selection may actually occur to increase reproductive isolation even more (Palumbi, 1994). Founder events are another manner in which reproductive isolation leading to speciation may occur by allopatry. Founder events occur when a few individuals are moved to a new habitat, become isolated from the source population and speciate due to the lack of gene flow between populations. Because there are so few individuals first arriving, the gene pool 2 Rollins Undergraduate Research Journal, Vol. 2 [2010], Iss. 1, Art. 8 http://scholarship.rollins.edu/rurj/vol2/iss1/8
Temperature characterizations on graphene-based gas sensors

This work studies the influence of temperature on graphene-based gas sensors via the structure of graphene field effect transistors (GFETs) for possible engineering design guidelines in sensor calibration and compensation. Temperature is an essential parameter affecting the sensor performances and needs to be fully characterized. The key discoveries from this study include: (1) fully characterized source-drain resistance of GFETs in the range of R.T. to 100°C under various gate voltages; (2) the effects of both temperature and humidity on GFETs, and (3) the fact that even at moderately elevated temperature of above ∼60°C, the influence of humidity is significantly reduced. These results can be applied to develop desirable engineering configurations for the proper measurement schemes of GFET gas sensors operating under ambient environments.
Software defined radios as cognitive relays for satellite ground stations incurring terrestrial interference

Satellite to ground links are extremely vulnerable to any type of terrestrial interference due to the relatively weak satellite signal at the ground stations. This can cause connection failures or degradation in performance at the ground station, which could in some cases be significant or even catastrophic. The great flexibility of software defined radio (SDR) systems facilitates the implementation of cognitive relays as a complementary entity that can help reduce the effects of interference. In this paper, we describe a cognitive SDR testbed that has been developed based on the Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP) and the GNU radio software platform. One of our testbed's aims is to evaluate error performance improvements of satellite signal relays in the presence of interference. We report on performance evaluation in terms of bit error ratio (BER) as a function of carrier-to-noise ratio (CNR) and in the presence of interference, for our detect and relay algorithms in an example frequency band, using an emulated desired (satellite-relay-ground station) signal. Our testbed contains four separate segments: satellite (emulated), relay, interferer, and ground receiver. At each segment, we transmit and/or receive signals via SDRs or standard communication laboratory equipment. We consider two relaying protocols in our work, amplify-and-forward (AF), and decode-and-forward (DF). Initial experiments were indoors, although outdoor testing with small unmanned aircraft systems is planned for future work. Our experiments explore the effects of different relaying techniques, and provide some quantitative results on performance improvements via our software defined radio approach.
Twice weekly pulse and daily continuous-dose erlotinib as initial treatment for patients with epidermal growth factor receptor-mutant lung cancers and brain metastases.

BACKGROUND In a phase 1 study of pulse/continuous-dose erlotinib, no patient had disease progression in the central nervous system (CNS). This expansion cohort of the phase 1 study tested the same regimen in a cohort of individuals with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)–mutant lung cancers with untreated brain metastases. METHODS Patients had not received EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors or radiation for brain metastases. All received 1200 mg of erlotinib on days 1 and 2 and 50 mg on days 3 to 7 weekly. The primary endpoints were the overall and CNS response rates (according to version 1.1 of the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors). RESULTS Between May 2015 and August 2016, 19 patients were enrolled. Forty-two percent of the patients had target brain lesions, and the median size of the target brain lesions was 13 mm. Overall, 14 patients (74%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 51%-89%) had partial responses. The response rate in brain metastases was 75%. The overall median progression-free survival was 10 months (95% CI, 7 months to not reached). Only 3 patients (16%) had CNS progression. To date, 4 patients required CNS radiation at some time during their course. The adverse events (any grade) seen in 10% or more of the patients were rash, diarrhea, nausea, an increase in alanine aminotransferase, and fatigue. CONCLUSIONS Pulse/continuous-dose erlotinib produced a 74% overall response rate and a 75% response rate in brain metastases in patients with EGFR-mutant lung cancers and untreated brain metastases. CNS control persisted even after progression elsewhere. Although this regimen did not improve progression-free survival or delay the emergence of EGFR T790M, it prevented progression in the brain and could be useful in situations in which CNS control is critical. Cancer 2017. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Consequences of Depsipeptide Substitution on the ClpP Activation Activity of Antibacterial Acyldepsipeptides

The acyldepsipeptide (ADEP) antibiotics operate through a clinically unexploited mechanism of action and thus have attracted attention from several antibacterial development groups. The ADEP scaffold is synthetically tractable, and deep-seated modifications have produced extremely potent antibacterial leads against Gram-positive pathogens. Although newly identified ADEP analogs demonstrate remarkable antibacterial activity against bacterial isolates and in mouse models of bacterial infections, stability issues pertaining to the depsipeptide core remain. To date, no study has been reported on the natural ADEP scaffold that evaluates the sole importance of the macrocyclic linkage on target engagement, molecular conformation, and bioactivity. To address this gap in ADEP structure–activity relationships, we synthesized three ADEP analogs that only differ in the linkage motif (i.e., ester, amide, and N-methyl amide) and provide a side-by-side comparison of conformational behavior and biological activity. We de...