cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Hierarchy Principle in Strategic Communication

The hierarchy principle suggests that when individuals fail to reach social goals and they continue to pursue them, their first tendency is to alter lower level elements of message plan hierarchies concerned with speech rate and vocal intensity rather than higher level elements related to the structure and sequencing of message content. This pattern of message plan alteration is predicated on the notion that higher level alterations are more demanding of scarce cognitive resources. This postulate was examined directly in two laboratory and two field experiments in which geographic direction givers were led to believe their directions had been misunderstood because of communication failures located at different levels in the message plan hierarchy. Consistent with the hierarchy principle and the effort postulate, direction givers required to make more abstract alterations to their directions (route changes) showed higher levels of cognitive load as indexed by speech onset latency than direction givers required to make lower level alterations (landmarks and speech rate). The effects of time constraints, preinteraction planning, and failure pervasiveness were also examined. Both laboratory and field experiments showed general support for the hierarchy principle's predictions. Implications of the hierarchy principle for the study of strategic communication are considered.
Characteristics of Men Who Perpetrate Intimate Partner Violence

Purpose: Demographics, mental illness, substance use, and prior family violence are associated with perpetration of intimate partner violence (IPV) among male patient populations as well as court-based and community samples. However, few studies have identified health services use and physical symptoms associated with IPV perpetration among men. This study assesses the prevalence of IPV perpetration in a nationally representative sample of men and examines the associations of IPV perpetration with demographics, health services use, physical symptoms, mental illness, substance abuse, and prior family violence. Methods: Data from the 2001 to 2003 National Comorbidity Survey–Replication was used to assess the prevalence of IPV perpetration among adult men. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression determined associations of IPV perpetration with demographics, health services use, physical symptoms, mental health diagnoses, substance abuse/dependence, and prior family violence. Results: The prevalence of male IPV perpetration is 19.2%. Physical symptoms from irritable bowel syndrome (odds ratio [OR] 2.61; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.17–5.84) and insomnia (OR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.04–1.71), as well as substance abuse/dependence (OR, 1.76; 95% CI, 1.09–2.85), were correlates of IPV perpetration in multivariate logistic regression analyses controlling for demographics and health services use. When prior family violence was added to the multivariate logistic regression model, only childhood family violence victimization (OR, 1.99; 95% CI, 1.21–3.28) and witnessing childhood family violence (OR, 2.02; 95% CI, 1.17–3.49) were associated with IPV perpetration. Conclusions: Nearly 1 in 5 men in the United States reported lifetime IPV perpetration toward their current intimate partner. Physical symptoms from irritable bowel syndrome and insomnia, substance use disorders, and prior family violence are associated with IPV perpetration by men. Understanding these associations may aid primary care physicians in identifying male patients who perpetrate IPV.
An in situ mechanism for self-replenishing powder transfer films: Experiments and modeling

Pellets were formed by compacting MoS2 powder. A series of tests were conducted on a tribometer that consisted of simultaneous pellet-on disk and pad-on disk sliding contacts. The purpose of the tests was to intentionally transfer MoS2 third-body particles to a disk where its lubrication characteristics could be studied. This work also showed that the MoS2 pellet actually acted as a self-repairing, self-replenishing, oil-free lubrication mechanism. In the experiment, a pellet is sheared against the disk surface while the loaded slider rides on the lubricated surface and depletes the deposited powder film. A control-volume fractional coverage modeling approach was employed to predict both (1) the friction coefficient at the pad/disk interface and (2) the wear factor for the lubricated pellet/disk sliding contact. The fractional coverage varies with time and is a useful modeling parameter for quantifying the amount of third body film covering the disk asperities. In the model, the wear rate of a pellet and pad friction coefficient can be determined as a function of the pellet load, slider pad load, disk speed, and material properties. Results from the model qualitatively and quantitatively predict the tribological behavior of the experimental sliding contacts reasonably well. 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
Quantitative structure-activity relationships for aqueous metal-siderophore complexes.

Siderophores, biogenic chelating agents that facilitate the solubilization and uptake of ferric iron, form stable complexes with a wide range of nutrient and contaminant metals and thus may profoundly affect their fate, transport, and biogeochemical cycling. To understand more comprehensively the factors that control the stability and reactivity, as well as the potential for microbial uptake, of metal−siderophore complexes, we probed the structures of complexes formed between the trihydroxamate siderophore desferrioxamine B (DFOB) and Cu(II), Ga(III), Mn(II), Ni(II), and Zn(II) in solution by using extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy. We find that all metals studied are dominantly in octahedral coordination, with significant Jahn−Teller distortion of the Cu(II)HDFOB0 complex. Additionally, log-transformed complex stability constants correlate not only with the charge-normalized interatomic distances within the complex, affirming and expanding existing predictive relationships, bu...
Virtualizing Disk Performance

Large- and small-scale storage systems frequently serve a mixture of workloads, an increasing number of which require some form of performance guarantee. Providing guaranteed disk performance - the equivalent of a "virtual disk" - is challenging because disk requests are non-preemptible and their execution times are stateful, partially non-deterministic, and can vary by orders of magnitude. Guaranteeing throughput, the standard measure of disk performance, requires worst-case I/O time assumptions orders of magnitude greater than average I/O times, with correspondingly low performance and poor control of the resource allocation. We show that disk time utilization- analogous to CPU utilization in CPU scheduling and the only fully provisionable aspect of disk performance - yields greater control, more efficient use of disk resources, and better isolation between request streams than bandwidth or I/O rate when used as the basis for disk reservation and scheduling.
Prospective patterns of resilience and maladjustment during widowhood

Using prospective longitudinal data on an older sample beginning prior to the death of a spouse, G. A. Bonanno et al. (2002) distinguished 5 unique trajectories of bereavement outcome: common grief, chronic grief, chronic depression, depression followed by improvement, and resilience. These trajectories having been identified, the aims of the current study were to examine differences in how respondents in each group reacted to and processed the loss. Specific hypotheses were tested regarding differences in coping, meaning making, context, and representations of the lost relationship. Results suggest that chronic grief stems from the upheaval surrounding the loss of a healthy spouse, whereas chronic depression results from more enduring emotional difficulties that are exacerbated by the loss. Both the resilient and the depressed-improved groups showed remarkably healthy profiles and relatively little evidence of either struggling with or denying/avoiding the loss.
Relationship Awareness: How Managers Can Improve Employee Performance

In today’s complex and ever-changing work environment, we are surrounded by and interact with many different personality types on a daily basis. The success or failure of our individual objectives relies heavily upon the results of these interactions. For example, we have all noticed that some people like to be in charge. They really enjoy making decisions. They are usually very competitive and would prefer to take immediate action. Some others tend to take a long time to make a decision; they prefer to make the “right” decision rather than several. These different personality traits show how people act and react differently in certain situations. Due to these behavioral differences, we need to interact accordingly with how they will best respond. Misunderstandings, hurt feelings, or other disruptions between co-workers can not only disrupt the work place, but also decrease productivity, thus increasing costs. As managers it is important to help people fi nd the right “place” in our organizations, places where they will be most productive and enjoy a high level of job satisfaction. With increased job satisfaction and productivity companies can maintain low employee turnover, which not only will help them achieve greater levels of economies of experience, but also reduces the cost of training and human resource issues that arise in a confl icted setting.
Lung-Protective Ventilation in Neonatology

Ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) is considered an important risk factor in the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and is primarily caused by overdistension (volutrauma) and repetitive opening and collapse (atelectrauma) of terminal lung units. Lung-protective ventilation should therefore aim to reduce tidal volumes, and recruit and stabilize atelectatic lung units (open lung ventilation strategy). This review will summarize the available evidence on lung-protective ventilation in neonatology, discussing both high-frequency ventilation (HFV) and positive pressure ventilation (PPV). It shows that HFV does not appear to have a clear benefit over PPV, although most studies failed to apply a true open lung ventilation strategy during HFV. The evidence on the optimal tidal volume, positive end-expiratory pressure and the role for lung recruitment during lung-protective PPV is extremely limited. Volume-targeted ventilation seems to be a promising mode in terms of lung protection, but more studies are needed. Due to the lack of convincing evidence, lung-protective ventilation and modes seem to be implemented in daily clinical practice at a slow pace.
Novel role of p53 in maintaining mitochondrial genetic stability through interaction with DNA Pol γ

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations and deletions are frequently observed in cancer, and contribute to altered energy metabolism, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS), and attenuated apoptotic response to anticancer agents. The mechanisms by which cells maintain mitochondrial genomic integrity and the reason why cancer cells exhibit more frequent mtDNA mutations remain unclear. Here, we report that the tumor suppressor molecule p53 has a novel role in maintaining mitochondrial genetic stability through its ability to translocate to mitochondria and interact with mtDNA polymerase γ (pol γ) in response to mtDNA damage induced by exogenous and endogenous insults including ROS. The p53 protein physically interacts with mtDNA and pol γ, and enhances the DNA replication function of pol γ. Loss of p53 results in a significant increase in mtDNA vulnerability to damage, leading to increased frequency of in vivo mtDNA mutations, which are reversed by stable transfection of wild-type p53. This study provides a mechanistic explanation for the accelerating genetic instability and increased ROS stress in cancer cells associated with loss of p53.
Necker Cube Reversal: Sensory or Psychological Satiation?:

24 students, 5 male and 19 female, were used in a repeated-measures factorial design to test two theories of Necker cube reversal. It was hypothesized that cubes with complete contours and high fig...
O(log n) dynamic packet routing

A data structure is developed that permits one to find longest matching prefixes as well as to insert and delete a prefix in O(log n) time, where n is the number of prefixes in the router table. Experimental results using a real IPv4 routing database are also presented.
Effects of Information and Decision Automation on Multi-Task Performance:

Automation purported to assist human operators may itself be an additional source of complexity and uncertainty. Because high reliability cannot always be assured, imperfect automation can add to uncertainty and thereby degrade performance. The present study examined the relative benefits and costs of information and decision automation and investigated the effects of uncertainty resulting from automation unreliability during multiple task performance. Subjects were either provided with status information (“information” automation) or a recommendation for action (“decision” automation) for the system monitoring sub-task of the Multi-Attribute Task Battery (MAT). Two levels of automation reliability were compared. The detrimental effect of unreliable automation—a decrease in the detection rate of malfunctions—was greater for automation of higher reliability, a result consistent with previous findings of automation-related complacency. This effect of automation unreliability was also greater for decision th...
Performance of Decentralized Detection in a Resource-constrained Sensor Network with Non-orthogonal Communications

The performance of decentralized detection in a resource-limited wireless sensor network is investigated. The system is assumed to be subjected to a total power constraint and all sensors are assumed to perform analog relay-amplifier local processing. Under these assumptions, we show that, we can monotonically improve the fusion performance by using non-orthogonal sensor-to-fusion center communication, as opposed to orthogonal communications. In order to quantify the performance, we employ circulant matrix theory to derive closed-form asymptotic expressions. These asymptotic results allow us to observe the effect of each parameter on the total system performance. Numerical results show that these asymptotics provide a very good approximation to the exact performance, even for a small number of sensors
Asymmetric Nodal signaling in the zebrafish diencephalon positions the pineal organ

The vertebrate brain develops from a bilaterally symmetric neural tube but later displays profound anatomical and functional asymmetries. Despite considerable progress in deciphering mechanisms of visceral organ laterality, the genetic pathways regulating brain asymmetries are unknown. In zebrafish, genes implicated in laterality of the viscera (cyclops/nodal, antivin/lefty and pitx2) are coexpressed on the left side of the embryonic dorsal diencephalon, within a region corresponding to the presumptive epiphysis or pineal organ. Asymmetric gene expression in the brain requires an intact midline and Nodal-related factors. RNA-mediated rescue of mutants defective in Nodal signaling corrects tissue patterning at gastrulation, but fails to restore left-sided gene expression in the diencephalon. Such embryos develop into viable adults with seemingly normal brain morphology. However, the pineal organ, which typically emanates at a left-to-medial site from the dorsal diencephalic roof, becomes displaced in position. Thus, a conserved signaling pathway regulating visceral laterality also underlies an anatomical asymmetry of the zebrafish forebrain.
Non-ablative fractional resurfacing in the treatment of scar contracture

Background and Objectives A 28-year-old female presented with extensive scarring after a traumatic injury to her right lower extremity. She had been hit by a vehicle one year prior to presentation and had several open fractures with extensive overlying cutaneous damage, which required multiple surgeries and skin grafts. She had limited range of motion of the affected limb secondary to scar contracture. Study Design/Materials and Methods The patient received 6 treatments with a non-ablative fractional resurfacing (NAFR) device with two wavelengths (Fraxel DUAL, Solta Medical, Hayward, CA) spaced 4–8 weeks apart. The patient received two treatments with the 1927 nm NAFR thulium laser (10 mJ, 30% density, 8 passes) and two treatments with the 1550 nm NAFR laser (40 mJ, 17–26% density, 8 passes). Before and after treatment photographs were taken, as well as range of motion measurements with respect to her right ankle. Results The patient had 50–75% improvement in the texture and discoloration. There was both subjective and objective improvement in the range of motion of her right lower extremity. The patient experienced mild erythema and edema, both of which resolved after 7–10 days. Conclusion Recent studies have shown great functional improvement in scar contractures with ablative fractional laser treatments; however, these treatments are accompanied by significant downtime along with risk of further scarring and infection. NAFR is an accessible treatment with a low side effect profile and to our knowledge has not been reported as efficacious in the treatment of scar contracture. This case report is novel in its demonstration of the utility of a dual wavelength NAFR in the treatment of scar contracture and functional impairment. Lasers Surg. Med. 48:170–173, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Static uniaxial compression of polyisoprene–montmorillonite nanocomposites monitored by 1H spin–lattice relaxation time constants

Previous work has focused on the use of microscopy to explore the mechanisms of deformation in polymer nanocomposites. That technique creates a qualitative representation that may not be statistically representative of the bulk properties. This paper illustrates the utility of solid-state NMR, which inherently measures bulk behavior, to both identify and quantify mechanisms of deformation. Specifically, in this study, increases in the interfacial area of various modifications of Cloisite clay in 1,4-cis polyisoprene nanocomposites were monitored during uniaxial compression. Interaction of the Fe+3 in the clay with the polymer decreases the polymer's 1H spin–lattice relaxation time constant (T1). In some of the nanocomposites, the increase in the interfacial area of the clay platelets was observed by a decrease in the polymer's T1 with successive amounts of strain. The observation of these changes with static 1H-NMR is limited by the dispersion of the clay. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 1806–1813, 2005
Relationships Among Shear Values, Sarcomere Lengths and Cooling Procedures in Turkeys

SUMMARY– Studies were conducted to determine the effect of different chilling procedures after slaughter on the tenderness of the breast and thigh muscles of turkeys as measured by shear press values. Measuring sarcomere lengths determined the effect of the chilling procedures on length of muscle fibrils and their correlation with shear press values. Three chilling treatments were used: (1) 16°C for three hr; (2) 16°C for 45 min, 8°C for 45 min, and 0°C for 90 min; and (3) 0°C for 3 hr. The 0°C treatment for 3 hr resulted in a significant increase in shear press values for thigh muscle in both studies. Shear values also increased for breast muscle in the same 0°C treatment group, but not significantly. Shear values for the left thigh muscle were significantly higher than for the right in Experiment I, while in Experiment II hens had significantly higher thigh shear values than toms. In Experiment I with younger birds, shear values were significantly higher in the breast muscle of toms than in hens. The surface slice of 3 slices of breast muscle had higher shear values in both experiments. Chilling treatments resulted in a progressive shortening of sarcomere lengths in breast and thigh muscles with decreasing temperature, and the sarcomere lengths were shorter for breast muscle than for thigh. No significant correlations were found between shear values of breast and thigh muscles, or between shear values and sarcomere length.
Authority Control for Scientific Data: The Case of Molecular Biology

This article analyzes the authority control practices in molecular biology using literature review and scenario analysis and makes a comparison with bibliographic authority control. The analysis indicates the absence of conceptual authority control model in molecular bioinformatics. In addition to traditional knowledge organization tools, authority control in molecular biology requires the use of reference sequences and version numbers to identify entities and keep track of entity changes. The identified authority control issues are conceptualized as quality problems caused by four sources. This study can inform librarians and educators of the need for and approaches to authority control in molecular biology.
Second Malignant Neoplasms

Second malignant neoplasms (SMNs) are a well-recognized complication among childhood cancer survivors. Childhood cancer survivors are at a three- to six-fold increased risk of developing SMNs compared with the background incidence of cancer in the general population. SMNs are classified into two distinct groups, based primarily on the unique associations with specific therapeutic exposures: chemotherapy-related myelodysplasia and acute myeloid leukemia (t-MDS/AML), and radiation-related solid SMNs. Characteristics of t-MDS/AML include a latency ~3 years from primary cancer diagnosis and association with alkylating agents (e.g. cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, mechlorethamine, melphalan, chlorambucil, nitrosoureas, busulfan, platinum compounds and procarbazine) and/or topoisomerase II inhibitors (e.g. etoposide). Solid SMNs have a well-defined association with radiation, and are characterized by a latency that typically exceeds 10 years. Eighty percent of the entire burden of SMNs is accounted for by radiation-related solid SMNs, such as breast, skin and thyroid cancer, central nervous system (CNS) tumors, and bone and soft tissue sarcomas. Considerable inter-individual variability is observed in the risk of developing SMNs for a given therapeutic exposure. Genetic predisposition and especially its interaction with therapeutic exposures can potentially exacerbate the toxic effect of treatment on normal tissues and organ systems, and can possibly explain the inter-individual variability. Understanding the etio-pathogenetic pathways that lead to the development of SMNs is critical to developing targeted prevention and intervention strategies (screening for early detection), optimizing risk-based health care of cancer survivors, thus minimizing SMNs and improving quality of life.
Intra- and Interspecific Competition among the Water Snakes Nerodia sipedon and Nerodia rhombifer

Abstract I investigated the potential role of intra- and interspecific competition for food in Midland Watersnakes (Nerodia sipedon pleuralis) and Diamond-Backed Watersnakes (Nerodia rhombifer rhombifer) during the summers of 1999 and 2000. Snakes offered prey (juvenile spotted bass, Micropterus punctulatus) at low densities (five fish/enclosure/week) had significantly lower proportional changes in mass than snakes offered prey at high densities (10 fish/enclosure/week). However, differences in mass changes of N. sipedon were not significant at constant relative densities of prey to snakes. Nerodia sipedon and N. rhombifer that were offered 10 fish per week and tested individually had significantly higher mass changes than snakes tested in intraspecific pairs. For snakes maintained in interspecific pairs and offered 10 fish per week, N. sipedon had higher mass changes than N. rhombifer, although the difference was not significant. I lab-tested the potential for exploitation as a mechanism of competition b...
A simple criterion for nonrotating reference frames

We prove a theorem that gives an easily verifiable necessary and sufficient condition for a reference frame with fixed spacelike coordinates to be nonrotating in the sense of Walker. Applications are discussed.
Analysis of Electric Fields, Space Charges, and Polarization of Thin-Film Ferroelectric Capacitors Based on Landau Theory

This paper describes a detailed physical analysis of the electric fields, space charges, and polarization of thin-film ferroelectric devices. The analysis is based on a previously developed model of the electric field dependent polarization, permittivity, and hysteresis of the thin-film polycrystalline ferroelectric, which was derived from the Landau-Devonshire theory. This paper includes the macroscopic effects related to device structure and composition, including potential barriers at contacts, domain relaxation, grain boundary surface charge, and interactions between the space charges and the non-linear polar displacement.
Infection of a burn wound by Aspergillus niger. Gross appearance simulating ecthyma gangrenosa.

Growth of Aspergillus niger on a burn wound clinically simulated the early (hemorrhagic) phase of an invasive infection by Pseudomonas aeruginosa or ecthyma gangrenosa. Wound biopsy for histologic examination and culture readily yielded a definitive diagnosis of noninvasive mycotic infection of the burn wound. Pigmentation surrounding mycotic hyphae (otherwise typical for Aspergillus spp.) strongly suggested Aspergillus niger . Cultural data confirmed the diagnosis.
CHROMOSOME TRANSLOCATIONS IN GAYOPHYTUM (ONAGRACEAE).

Gayophytum, a small genus of nine species endemic to western North and South America, has a basic chromosome number of 7 (Lewis and Szweykowski, 1964). Three of the diploid species, G. eriospermum, G. keterozygum, and G. oligospermum are morphologically very similar and indistinguishable on the basis of habit or other vegetative characteristics. The most obvious differences among the species are in the flowers and capsules. Populations of G. eriospermum (Fig. 1) contain plants with small chromosomal interchanges (rings of 4, 6, 8, etc.) as well as plants with 7 pairs of chromosomes (Fig. 2). A ring of 14 chromosomes (Fig. 3) is consistently found in all populations of G. heterozygum. It appears to be maintained by a system of lethals with about 50% pollen abortion and 50% embryo abortion, similar to complex heterozygotes in Oenothera (Lewis and Szweykowski, 1964). No chromosomal interchanges have been found in populations of G. oligospermum (Fig. 4). Based on flower size, stigma shape, breeding habit, etc., G. keterozygum appears to be morphologically intermediate between the other two species and is pos-
Effect of excess amount of aniline for TiO2 and polyaniline composite

Abstract Polyaniline and TiO 2 composite was fabricated with excess molar ratio of aniline (10 mol) against titaniumisopropoxide (Ti(OPr) 4 ) (3.3 mol) to find out the effect of an excess amount of aniline after polymerization. The composite was separated with soluble top layer (TPTOP) and insoluble bottom layer (TPBOT). FTIR spectra of TPBOT and TPTOP showed no clear difference. However, energy dispersive X-ray spectra (EDS) showed that the titanium weight ratios are 19.51 and 9.28 wt.% for TPTOP and TPBOT, respectively. Although field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) image of TPTOP film showed smooth surface without particle, FESEM image of TPBOT film exhibited particular shape with a diameter of approximately 60 nm. Strong UV–vis absorption in the range of UV–vis region was observed with the increase of the amount of TiO2PAn. The photoluminescence (PL) peaks of both TPTOP and TPBOT shifted toward lower energy with increasing to the excitation wavelength, which indicated the existence of multiple luminescence centers. The PL intensities of TPTOP were much stronger than those of TPBOT, which implied that the higher ratio of polyaniline (less TiO 2 ) led conducting process instead of a luminescence process.
Identification of presumed shallow underwater chemical explosions using land-based regional arrays

Abstract Seismic events located in the Gulf of Bothnia, the Baltic Sea, and the North Sea, recorded at the regional seismic arrays NORESS and FINESA, have characteristics of underwater blasts observed hydroacoustically. Spectral analysis of regional phases associated with the events reveals strong time-independent spectral scalloping indicating that the waveforms are made up of correlated “pulse-echo” type signals. Cepstral analysis gives consistent delay times between the pulse-echo pairs with the most common delays between 400 and 600 msec. Some cepstra also have negative peaks at quefrencies between 150 and 350 msec. The cepstral peaks are observed in all phases associated with the event, and events recorded at both arrays have the same delay times. The higher time delays are consistent with bubble-pulse delays commonly observed in underwater blasts recorded hydroacoustically. The lower-quefrency negative peaks are caused by echoes with reversed polarities relative to the primary pulse and are consistent with reflections from the top of the water column. Generally, these events have large Pn/Lg amplitude ratios similar to those observed from quarry blasts. Somewhat smaller high-frequency Pn/Lg ratios are observed for Baltic Sea events compared with the North Sea events, which may be due to differences in the water-bottom geologies of the two regions. Simple source models of underwater blasts explain many of the features of the observed cepstra and indicate that the shot depths had to be shallow (around 40 to 80 m) for shot sizes between 75 and 150 kg. This study shows that the seismic sensor network, called for by the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT), can augment the smaller network of hydroacoustic stations for the detection and identification of clandestine under-water nuclear-explosion tests in the near offshore environment.
Experimental on yaw-inducing effectiveness of metal cone array for projectile

To improve the anti-penetration capability of protective engineering against high-speed projectile,a new protective structure was discussed. A metal cone array was used as the basic yaw-inducing structure for projectile.An experiment was carried out with the half armour-piercing projectile 37 mm in diameter to analyze the process of yaw-inducing as well as the main factors that affect the yaw-inducing effectiveness.The penetration depths of yawed projectile with the normal-penetrated projectile were compared.It is indicated that the metal cone array with favorable yaw-inducing and deceleration performance has quite strong antipenetration capability.Some application advice was provided in the paper.
80 ANTIPLATELET ACTIVITY TO HIGH LOADING DOSE OF CLOPIDOGREL IS SIMILAR IN DIABETIC VERSUS NON-DIABETIC PATIENTS QUANTIFIED USING A NOVEL POINT-OF-CARE PLATELET AGGREGATION

Background Recent data suggest significant interindividual variability in inhibition of platelet aggregation (IPA) and in non-response to clopidogrel. While diabetic thrombocytopathy is well recognized, it remains unclear if increased platelet aggregability seen in diabetes mellitus (DM) impacts the magnitude of IPA achieved with clopidogrel. Our study assesses whether DM impacts the degree of IPA induced by high-dose clopidogrel loading in patients with stable coronary artery disease. The secondary analysis investigated the correlation between achieved IPA and both glycemic control (HbA1C) and systemic inflammation (hs-CRP). Methods IPA was quantified in 16 patients (7 DM, 9 non-DM) undergoing elective cardiac catheterization using a novel point-of-care assay (RUOP2Y12, Accumetrics) which measures IPA as a function of light transmittance to 4 μmol iso-TRAP and 20 μmol ADP stimulation, buffered to isolate ADP P2Y12 activity. IPA data analyzed included platelet reactivity units (PRU) and Δ % P2Y12 inhibition. All pts received ASA 325 mg daily for ≥ 7 days. A 600 mg oral loading dose of clopidogrel was administered, with IPA quantified at baseline and 4-6 hours after the clopidogrel dose. Results DM and non-DM pts were similar with respect to baseline variables except hs-CRP [2.14 vs 0.35 mg/dL, p = 0.013], fasting glucose [219.3 vs 91.7 mg/dL, p = 0.0008] and HbA1C [10.7% vs 6.2%, p = 0.02]. Baseline PRU [286 vs 285] and % P2Y12 inhibition [19.2% vs 23.3%] were similar in both groups (p = NS). Overall 18.8% of pts evidenced Conclusions The degree of IPA observed with this novel point-of-care assay within 4-6 hours of a 600 mg oral dose of clopidogrel was similar in DM and non-DM pts and comparable to published estimates obtained using light transmittance aggregometry. Among DM pts, glycemic state, glycemic control and in all pts, systemic inflammation do not appear to impact magnitude of IPA. Clopidogrel non-response was seen in approximately 20% of pts studied, without any clear predictive clinical or metabolic correlates. Additional validation of these findings is warranted in larger patient populations.
Blind Spots in Youth DIY Programming: Examining Diversity in Creators, Content, and Comments within the Scratch Online Community

Much attention has focused on the lack of diversity in access and participation in digital media available to youth. Far less attention has been paid to the diversity of youth creators and the content that is produced by youth. We examined the diversity of project creators, content, and comments in one of the largest youth programming sites called Scratch (scratch.mit.edu), with over 7 million registered members between ages 6-16, over 10 million posted projects and 16 million comments. We used keyword and webcrawler searches to reveal that only a small number of users (
Probabilistic inference in human infants.

Abstract In this chapter, we review empirical evidence in support of infants’ ability to make rudimentary probabilistic inferences. A recent surge of research in cognitive developmental psychology examines whether human learners, from infancy through adulthood, reason in ways consistent with Bayesian inference. However, when exploring this question an important first step is to identify the available inference mechanisms and computational machinery that might allow infants and young children to make inductive inferences. A number of recent studies have asked if infants may be “intuitive statisticians,” making inferences about the relationship between samples and populations in both looking-time and choice tasks. Furthermore, infants make these inferences under a variety of sampling conditions and integrate prior domain knowledge into their probability calculations. The competences demonstrated in the reviewed experiments appear to draw on an intuitive probability notion that is early emerging and does not appear to be available for conscious reflection.
Nifedipine pretreatment for prevention of autonomic hyperreflexia during anesthesia-free extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy.

Abstract Nifedipine, a calcium channel blocker, has been used to treat autonomic hyperreflexia in quadriplegics undergoing invasive urological procedures. We present a case of autonomic hyperreflexia triggered by extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy in which nifedipine was used successfully to treat the hypertensive crisis on 1 occasion and subsequently it was used prophylactically to prevent the crisis in the same patient.
Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry spine scans to determine abdominal fat in postmenopausal women

Body composition may be a better predictor of chronic disease risk than body mass index (BMI) in older populations. Objectives We sought to validate spine fat fraction (%) from dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) spine scans as a proxy for total abdominal fat. Methods Total body DXA scan abdominal fat regions of interest (ROI) that have been previously validated by magnetic resonance imaging were assessed among healthy, postmenopausal women who also had antero-posterior spine scans (n = 103). ROIs were (1) lumbar vertebrae L2-L4 and (2) L2-Iliac Crest (L2-IC), manually selected by two independent raters, and (3) trunk, auto-selected by DXA software. Intra-class correlation coefficients evaluated intra and inter-rater reliability on a random subset (N = 25). Linear regression models, validated by bootstrapping, assessed the relationship between spine fat fraction (%) and total abdominal fat (%) ROIs. Results Mean age, BMI, and total body fat were 66.1 ± 4.8 y, 25.8 ± 3.8 kg/m2 and 40.0 ± 6.6%, respectively. There were no significant differences within or between raters. Linear regression models adjusted for several participant and scan characteristics were equivalent to using only BMI and spine fat fraction. The model predicted L2-L4 (Adj. R2: 0.83) and L2-IC (Adj. R2: 0.84) abdominal fat (%) well; the adjusted R2 for trunk fat (%) was 0.78. Model validation demonstrated minimal over-fitting (Adj. R2: 0.82, 0.83, and 0.77 for L2-L4, L2-IC, and trunk fat, respectively). Conclusions The strong correlation between spine fat fraction and DXA abdominal fat measures make it suitable for further development in postmenopausal chronic disease risk prediction models. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 28:918–926, 2016. © 2016Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Reimagining Doctoral Education

The School of Education (SOE) of the University of San Francisco (USF), an urban, Jesuit institution, serves nearly 1,100 students across more than 20 programs. Its mission centers around a commitment to “serving those most in need,” bringing in students who are educators and organizers, advocates and policy-makers, and those who aspire to make an impact to fulfill the university’s motto to “Change the World from Here.”
The ‘army mutiny’ of 1924 and the assertion of civilian authority in independent Ireland

The early years of Irish independence were years of precedent-setting decisions that shaped and moulded the new state. In a country just emerging from a struggle for independence and a devastating civil war, the army was one of the most vital and central institutions; and the relationship between the military and the elected civilian government was crucial. In fact, at the end of the civil war, a strong possibility existed that, unless the government acted quickly to establish its control, the army could remain the dominant force in Irish politics for years to come. The response to the Irish army mutiny of 1924, however, upheld and affirmed the supremacy of constitutional rule in Ireland.
Mechanism of Persuasive Experience-A New Design and Evaluation Framework of Persuasive Systems

Persuasive technology has drawn increasing attention from researchers. However, only a few studies in the literature have proposed theoretical frameworks for the design and evaluation of persuasive systems. The current theories are not fully developed because they provide neither insights into users’ persuasive experience while using the persuasive systems nor the appropriate methods to effectively evaluate the persuasiveness of each design element. This paper first reviews current literature on behavior change theories and the design of persuasive systems, and then presents a new framework of persuasive systems that emphasizes the concept of persuasive experience.
Draft genome sequences of Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from wounded military personnel.

ABSTRACT Acinetobacter baumannii is a Gram-negative bacterium capable of causing hospital-acquired infections that has been grouped with Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter species as ESKAPE pathogens because of their extensive drug resistance phenotypes and increasing risk to human health. Twenty-four multidrug-resistant A. baumannii strains isolated from wounded military personnel were sequenced and annotated.
In Vitro Synergistic Anti-Tumor Activity by Targeting TRAIL-R1 and CD20 Antigen by Combining HGS-ETR1 (Agonistic Human Monoclonal Antibody to TRAIL Receptor 1) and Rituximab Monoclonal Antibody Against Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma Cells (NHL).

Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis ligand (TRAIL) or agonist antibodies targeting specific TRAIL-receptors possess significant in vitro and in vivo anti-tumor activity. HGS-ETR1 (mapatumumab) and HGS-ETR2 are two fully human recombinant, high affinity IgG1λ mAbs targeting TRAIL-R1 (Death-receptor 4, DR-4) and TRAIL-R2 (Death-receptor 5, DR-5), respectively. TRAIL-receptor agonist mAbs trigger the extrinsic (mitochondria-independent) apoptotic pathway and enhance the anti-tumor effects of chemotherapy drugs against NHL. Combining TRAIL-receptor agonist mAbs with biological agents (e.g. rituximab) capable of activating the intrinsic (mitochondria-dependent) apoptotic pathway may result in synergistic effects against NHL. Objective: To study the biological effects of rituximab when combined with either HGS-ETR1 or HGS-ETR2. Materials and methods: A panel of NHL cell lines [Raji, SUDHL-4, SU-DHL-10, Ramos, and two rituximab resistant cell lines (RRCL), 2R and 4RH] were utilized. Expression of CD20, TRAIL-R1 and TRAIL-R2 in the NHL cells used were evaluated by flow cytometry. NHL cells were exposed to HGS-ETR1 or HGS-ETR2 followed by either rituximab, istoype control antibody or media alone. DNA synthesis and cell growth arrest were quantified by [H3] Thymidine incorporation assays at 24 and 48 hrs. Induction of apoptosis was detected by multiparameter flow cytometric analysis. For antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC)/Complement mediated cytotoxicity (CMC) studies, 51Cr-labeled NHL cells were exposed to HGS-ETR1 or HGS-ETR2 (5μg/ml) +/− rituximab or isotype control antibody (10μg/ml) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (Effector: Target ratio 40:1) or human serum, respectively. 51Cr-release was measured and the percentage of lysis was calculated. Statistical analysis of results was performed using the Chi-square test. Results: In sensitive cells in vitro exposure to HGS-ETR1 resulted in significant apoptosis (30–50%) and decrease in DNA synthesis. The combination of HGS-ETR1 and rituximab resulted in significant inhibition of cell proliferation (90% reduction) when compared to either HGS-ETR1 (60% reduction) or rituximab (5% reduction) alone at 24 and 48 hrs. In sensitive cells HGS-ETR1 induced CMC and ADCC as a single agent. No significant anti-tumor activity was observed with HGS-ETR2. The biological activity of anti-TRAIL receptors mAbs did not correlate to TRAIL-R1 or TRAIL-R2 cell surface antigen expression. Conclusions: Targeting TRAIL-R1 with HGS-ETR1 induces apoptosis, cell growth arrest and in some cell lines ADCC/CMC. The combination of HGS-ETR1 with rituximab results in significant synergistic activity (i.e. anti-proliferation) and warrants further pre-clinical and clinical evaluation in B-cell lymphomas.
Correcting AUC for Measurement Error

Diagnostic biomarkers are used frequently in epidemiologic and clinical work. The ability of a diagnostic biomarker to discriminate between subjects who develop disease (cases) and subjects who do not (controls) is often measured by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). The diagnostic biomarkers are usually measured with error. Ignoring measurement error can cause biased estimation of AUC, which results in misleading interpretation of the efficacy of a diagnostic biomarker. Several methods have been proposed to correct AUC for measurement error, most of which required the normality assumption for the distributions of diagnostic biomarkers. In this article, we propose a new method to correct AUC for measurement error and derive approximate confidence limits for the corrected AUC. The proposed method does not require the normality assumption. Both real data analyses and simulation studies show good performance of the proposed measurement error correction method.
Stock market reaction to credit rating changes: new evidence*

This study shows how stock market reacts to rating change announcements where confounding effects of information spillover from related markets are absent. Contrary to existing literature, we find ...
Extending the global worm index and its links to human development and child education.

Treating intestinal worm infections leads to improved human development and childhood education, shows a study by Center for Health & Biosciences postdoctoral fellow SuJin Kang and fellows Peter Hotez and Farhan Majid inﾠPLOSﾠNeglected Tropical Diseases.
Recent Advances in Grinding

Two decades ago grinding was almost totally applied as a finishing process working at very low removal rates and correspondingly low productivity. At those times grinding was used mainly because other methods could not provide the required geometrical accuracy or could not cut hardened materials at all. In the recent years, however, the situation has changed substantially. Still used as the dominant finishing process, grinding has been developed such that increased removal rates at constant or increased accuracy became possible. Also high-efficiency grinding of difficult-to-machine materials like stainless steels, tool and high speed steels, titanium and nickel-cobalt-base alloys, is performed today at a larger scale.
An Experimental Analysis of Mathematics Instructional Components: Examining the Effects of Student-Selected Versus Empirically-Selected Interventions

Within the context of an experimental analysis, the current study examined the effects of student- and empirically-selected interventions on the mathematics computational fluency of three elementary-aged students. For all of the participants, the empirically-selected intervention resulted in higher levels of computational fluency then the student-selected intervention. These results suggest that empirically-selected interventions may enhance the mathematics computational fluency of students experiencing mathematics problems. However, individual responsiveness to empirically-selected interventions suggests the importance of conducting brief experimental analyses to determine the most efficacious intervention. The implication of these results for intervention selection and incorporating choice-making opportunities into academic interventions are discussed.
William Uricchio on the Colonization of the Data-Imaginary in the Public Service Sector

Interview with William Uricchio (MIT) by Eef Masson and Karin van Es. DOI: 10.18146/2213-7653.2018.374
Embracing Neapolitan as a Language Which Is Key to the Reconstruction of Early Romance

Despite being the second most spoken language on the Italian peninsula, Neapolitan has been overlooked in some of the more important comparative linguistic studies of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. A survey of these studies suggests the preference for: 1) national languages, in this case, Italian, 2) languages that possess comparably the largest number of speakers, especially those that have swelled exponentially for reasons of immigration, as in the cases of Spanish, Portuguese and French; or 3) insular languages such as Sardinian which, despite its relatively low number of speakers, appears to have been included because of its sequestered history and the inevitability of differently evolved forms. The reason for this study is to demonstrate that because of exclusion among the ranks of other more elite languages, certain key structures of Neapolitan have been overlooked as potential exemplars of earlier forms of Romance. This paper suggests reasons for why the exclusion of Neapolitan in previous comparative language studies has only served to obscure the relevance of other factors that are key to the reconstruction of early Romance. The paper will also provide specific examples from the Neapolitan lexicon that serve to demonstrate how this variety conserves early forms of Romance.