cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
AVTIS: All-weather Volcano Topography Imaging Sensor

AVTIS is a 94 GHz dual-mode radar/radiometric imager designed to survey volcanic lava domes. The FMCW radar provides topographic and reflectivity maps and the radiometer yields thermal images of the scene. The data generated by AVTIS are used by volcanologists to validate numerical models of lava dome growth and collapse, ultimately leading to improved hazard warning.
Increasing Collaboration Self-Efficacy to Improve Educational Programming for Students with Autism.

Collaborative teaming among specialists can enhance educational success by leveraging resources and building capacity to maximize effectiveness. Special educators’ change in perceptions of their efficacy as collaborators in the education of students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) was studied before and after completing a year-long federally funded graduate certificate program in autism. Self-perceptions of collaborative expertise were examined in eight cohorts of educators over 7 years. Analysis of the results indicated a significant increase in perceptions of efficacy level in six of the cohorts at ≤ .006. The size of the effect of the program on participants’ self-perceptions of their efficacy in working collaboratively with other school personnel was large for seven of the cohorts and medium for one. Most importantly, results from Greenhouse–Geisser analysis showed that the posttest scores on collaboration efficacy level were significantly higher than the pretest scores across all cohorts, and tha...
Reward-Related Neural Correlates of Antisocial Behavior and Callous–Unemotional Traits in Young Men

Abstract Background Individuals involved in antisocial behavior often engage in excessive reward-driven behavior even in the face of severe punishments, including incarceration. However, the neural mechanisms of reward processing in antisocial behavior have not been examined while considering the heterogeneity of antisocial behavior and specific phases of reward and loss processing. In this study, we investigated the relationship among antisocial behavior, callous–unemotional (CU) traits, and neural activity during the anticipation and receipt of rewards and losses. Methods A community sample of 144 low-income, racially diverse urban male individuals at risk for antisocial behavior completed self-report measures, a clinical interview, and a functional magnetic resonance imaging scan at 20 years of age. Neural response during the anticipation and receipt of monetary rewards and losses was linked to antisocial behavior and CU traits using a priori ventral striatum region of interest analyses and exploratory whole-brain analyses. Results Antisocial behavior, but not CU traits, was related to less ventral striatum response during reward anticipation. There were no significant relationships between neural reactivity and antisocial behavior or CU traits during reward or loss outcomes. Antisocial behavior was also related to less ventrolateral prefrontal cortex reactivity during reward and loss anticipation. Conclusions These findings support a hyporeactivity model of reward and loss anticipation in antisocial behavior. Lower striatal reactivity to cues of reward and lower prefrontal regulatory recruitment during reward and loss anticipation may contribute to maladaptive reward-related behavior found in antisocial behavior.
The Role of Surgery in the Management of Barrett's Esophagus

Barrett's esophagus represents replacement of normal distal esophageal squamous epithelium with specialized columnar epithelium containing goblet cells. Typically arising in the setting of chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease, the presence of Barrett's esophagus carries a 50- to 100-fold increased risk of developing esophageal cancer. Risk factors include male sex, smoking history, obesity, Caucasian ethnicity, age > 50 and > 5-year history of reflux symptoms. Aggressive medical or surgical antireflux therapy may ameliorate symptoms, but have not yet been proven to affect the risk of developing esophageal adenocarcinoma in randomized trials. Although dysplasia is an imperfect biomarker for the development of subsequent malignancy, random sampling of esophageal tissue for dysplasia remains the clinical standard. There have been no studies to establish that endoscopic screening/surveillance programs decrease the rates of death from cancer. Fit patients with Barrett's esophagus and high-grade dysplasia should undergo esophagectomy to prevent the risk of developing esophageal adenocarcinoma. For non–operative candidates, endoscopic ablative approaches may represent a reasonable therapeutic alternative.
Molecular Characteristics of Conjunctival Melanoma Using Whole-Exome Sequencing.

Importance Conjunctival melanoma (CM) is a highly aggressive ocular cancer for which treatment options are limited; the molecular pathogenesis is poorly understood. Objective To identify the molecular characteristics of CM using next-generation whole-exome sequencing (WES). Design, Setting, and Participants Whole-exome sequencing was performed on tumor DNA extracted from the archived specimens of 5 patients with CM who had been treated with surgical excision between 2006 and 2011. These samples were analyzed at a tertiary academic ocular oncology referral center using a customized bioinformatic pipeline. Main Outcomes and Measures Sample analyses were designed to detect driver mutations, chromosome copy number aberrations, and mutation signatures. Results The study’s 5 patients ranged in age from 51 to 77 years. Four of the 5 were female, and all were white. Mutations were detected in known oncogenes, includingBRAF,NRAS,NF1,EGFR,ALK, TERT,andAPC. None of the mutations associated with uveal melanoma were found. All samples demonstrated a C→T mutation signature typical of UV-induced DNA damage. The most common CNA was a gain in chromosome 6p. Conclusions and Relevance In these 5 patients, WES allowed identification of mutations that can be targeted with therapy and supported the role of UV light in CM pathogenesis. These findings indicate a need for larger studies to evaluate the diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic value of WES for CM.
Mystery Case: A 61-year-old woman with lower extremity paralysis and sensory loss

A 61-year-old woman presented to the hospital with acute onset of numbness and weakness in the lower extremities. Her symptoms rapidly progressed, reaching maximal intensity within hours. She developed acute urinary retention but without bulbar or upper extremity involvement. There was no constitutional symptom or preceding trauma. Prior medical conditions included hypertension, hyperlipidemia, left-sided sciatica, and low back pain. Family history was unremarkable.
Guselkumab for the treatment of moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis.

Introduction: Guselkumab is a human monoclonal antibody targeting the p19 subunit of IL-23 that has been approved for the treatment of adult patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis who ar...
Conventional and Environmentally-Sensitive Hydrogels for Medical and Industrial Uses: A Review Paper

Hydrogels are water-swollen polymer networks. They are of great interest both medically and commerically. Conventional hydrogels change little in swelling with environmental conditions while stimuli-responsive hydrogels may swell or deswell sharply with relatively small changes of temperature or pH. A general review of the principles and applications of these interesting materials is presented here.
STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF GLYCOCONJUGATES BY MASS SPECTROMETRY OF PERMETHYLATED DERIVATIVES AND BY 13C NMR SPECTROSCOPY

Abstract The carbohydrate portion of mammalian glycosphingolipids varies in the number of glycose residues, their composition, and the sequence, linkages and anomeric configuration between the sugars. This structural diversity makes possible a very large number of substances; this and also evidence for the occurrence of closely related isomers with different immunological specificities suggests an urgent need for additional fractionation procedures and methods of structural analysis. Such techniques as high performance liquid chromatography, and field desorption and chemical ionization mass spectrometry are reviewed and the results of studies using fuco-pentaose I and glucosylceramide as model compounds are presented. The 90.5 MHz, proton decoupled, natural abundance carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectra have been obtained for glucosylceramide, lactosylceramide, globotriglycosylceramide and globoside. Single lines were observed for most of the sugar, sphingosine and fatty acyl carbon components. A comparison of their resonances with those of simpler model compounds and other glycolipids allowed the determination of the sugar anomeric configuration, the intersugar linkage position and the configuration of the sugar ring structure. These studies also permitted the estimation of fatty acyl composition in terms of degree of unsaturation and chain length from chemical shift assignments and integration values of specific nuclei. Preliminary results of studies involving the uptake and conversion of 1-13C-mannose into virally transformed hamster (NIL-HSV) cell metabolites are also discussed.
Ad and projective ordinals

This is an unpolished exposition of some work in the theory of projective ordinals under the hypothesis of definable determinacy. This is understood here as the hypothesis that every set of reals in L[R] is determined. Since the projective ordinals are absolute between the real world and L[R] we carry this study entirely within L[R]. Thus we will use the full Axiom of Determinacy (AD) together with ZF + DC (DC is of course the only choice principle that is preserved under this transition to L[R]).
Diabetic ketoalkalosis: misnomer or undiagnosed variant of diabetic ketoacidosis

Usually, hyperglycaemia crisis presents with acidotic pH, but ketoalkalosis is a rare and unheard entity presenting in diabetic ketoacidosis. We describe three unique cases where the patients present with hyperglycaemia >250 mg/dL, normal or alkalotic pH, and bicarbonate >20 meq/L, which does not meet criteria for diabetic ketoacidosis. However, once these patients were supplemented with intravenous fluids, diagnosis of diabetic ketoacidosis was evident in laboratory analysis. These case series provide a learning opportunity in diagnosing and management of this rare phenomenon.
Investigation of the low lying levels in9B

The reaction10B(3He, α)9B(p)8Be(g.s.) has been studied using a 1.8 MeV3He+ beam. Coincidence spectra were measured at θα=−150‡ and θα=22.5‡, 30‡, 37.5‡, 45‡, 52.5‡, 60‡ and 67.5‡ for the indentification of the levels in9B which decay by proton emission. Possible new excited levels in9B were observed at (1.9±0.1), (2.1±0.1), (2.6±0.1) and (3.1±0.1) MeV.
Readmissions attributable to skilled nursing facility use after a colectomy: Evidence using propensity scores matching

Background Postacute care (PAC) is a major driver of the rising health care costs in the United States (US). There is limited evidence on the causal effect of skilled nursing facility (SNF) use on readmission after an inpatient colectomy. Study design We performed a retrospective analysis of data from the Pennsylvania Health Care Cost Containment Council (PHC4) on 38,635 patients who underwent an inpatient colectomy between 2011 and 2014 in a Pennsylvania hospital. Using propensity scores, we matched patients who were discharged to a SNF to those who were discharged elsewhere. We compared the probability of readmissions within 30 days for the two groups of matched patients in a regression framework. For the subset of patients who were readmitted within 30 days, we assessed whether patients discharged to SNF were readmitted earlier than those discharged to other entities. Results The use of a SNF after a colectomy significantly raises the patients’ chance of readmissions within 30 days, even after controlling for their demographic characteristics and illness severity. Based on our estimates, being discharged to a SNF raises the chance of a readmission by 7.7 percentage points. For patients who were admitted within 30 days, we find no association between discharge to a SNF and the timing of readmission. Conclusion Sending less severe patients to facilities other than a SNF following inpatient colectomy may help hospitals reduce 30-day readmission rates.
Effect of poling temperature on piezoelectric and dielectric properties of 0.7Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.3PbTiO3 single crystals under alternating current poling

In this work, the piezoelectric and dielectric properties of [001]-oriented 0.7Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.3PbTiO3 single crystals under alternating current poling (ACP) at different temperatures were studied. The piezoelectric coefficients (d33 ∼ 1930 pC/N, d31 ∼ −850 pC/N) and free dielectric permittivity (eT33/e0 ∼ 7570) reached their highest values when the poling temperature (Tpoling) was 70 °C. Compared with traditional direct current electric field poling at 20 °C, 70 °C-ACP samples showed an enhancement of 40%, 35%, and 49% for d33, d31, and eT33/e0, respectively. Meanwhile, d33 and eT33/e0 were enhanced by about 9% when Tpoling increased from 20 °C to 70 °C under ACP, while d31 remained the same value and the dielectric loss was lowered from 0.29% to 0.22%. Moreover, ACP samples with different Tpoling have similar electromechanical coupling factors (k31 ∼ 0.44, kt ∼ 0.60). A discussion of the mechanism for the ACP enhancement was based on the domain observation using piezoresponse force microscopy, and the results showed that the domain densities of ACP samples with different Tpoling were positively correlated with their piezoelectric properties. This work demonstrated the enormous potential of ACP optimization for relaxor-PT single crystal applications.
4+3 Cycloaddition reactions of halogen-substituted cyclohexenyl oxyallylic cations

Abstract 2,6-Dibromo- and 2,2-dichlorocyclohexanone react with base in the presence of various dienes to give 4+3 cycloadducts in fair to good yields. Preliminary studies of the cycloadducts suggest that they are unstable and are recalcitrant to nucleophilic addition and cross-metathesis. However, the LAH reduction products undergo a quasi-Favorskii rearrangement upon treatment with potassium hydride and one cycloadduct derivative was dehalogenated using radical chemistry.
Cómo y por qué me encontré escribiendo relatos para niños

El poeta Eduardo Chirinos presenta en este ensayo su experiencia como lector, su experiencia como escritor de literatura infantil y el proceso de creacion del libro El koala Guilherme.
Nocturnal bilevel positive airway pressure for the treatment of asthma.

Abstract Nocturnal worsening of asthma may be due to reduced lung volumes and fewer sigh breaths, which have been shown to increase airway resistance and bronchoreactivity. We hypothesized that mimicking deep inspiration using nocturnal mechanical support would improve symptoms in patients with asthma. Subjects with asthma underwent usual care and bilevel positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy for 4 weeks, separated by 4 weeks, and methacholine challenge (PC20) and subjective assessments. 13 patients with asthma alone and 8 with asthma + OSA completed the protocol. Change in bronchoreactivity (ratio of Post/Pre PC20) was not significantly different during usual care and bilevel PAP [0.86 (IQR 0.19, 1.82) vs 0.94 (IQR 0.56, 2.5), p = 0.88], nor was the change in Asthma Control Test different: 0.1 ± 2.2 vs. –0.2 ± 2.9, p = 0.79, respectively. Bilevel PAP therapy for four weeks did not improve subjective or objective measures of asthma severity in patients with asthma or those with asthma and OSA, although there was heterogeneity in response.
Minimizing Risk and Maximizing Spatial Transferability: Challenges in Constructing a Useful Model of Potential Suitability for an Invasive Insect

Forecasting the spread and potential impacts of invasive, alien species is vital to relevant management and policy decisions. Models that estimate areas of potential suitability are useful to guide early detection and eradication, inform effective budget allocations, and justify quarantine regulations. Machine-learning is a rapidly emerging technology with myriad applications, including the analysis of factors that govern species’ distributions. However, forecasts for invasive species often require extrapolation into novel spaces, which may severely erode model reliability. Using the popular machine-learning platform, MaxEnt, we integrate numerous tools and recommendations to demonstrate a method of rigorous model development that emphasizes assessment of model transferability. Our models use Lymantria dispar dispar (L.) (Lepidoptera: Erebidae), an insect brought to the United States in the late 1860s from Europe and subsequently well monitored in spread. Recent genetic analyses provide evidence that the eastern North American population originated in Germany, France, and northern Italy. We demonstrate that models built and assessed using typical methodology for invasive species (e.g., using records from the full native geographic range) showed the smallest extent of extrapolation, but the worst transferability when validated with independent data. Conversely, models based on the purported genetic source of the eastern North American populations (i.e., a subset of the native range) showed the greatest transferability, but the largest extent of extrapolation. Overall, the model that yielded high transferability to North America and low extrapolation was built following current recommendations of spatial thinning and parameter optimization with records from both the genetic source in Europe and early North American invasion.
A gut feeling about stroke reveals gut-brain axis' active role in homeostasis and dysbiosis.

Peripheral inflammatory responses accompany many neurological disorders, including stroke. The gut-brain axis opens new avenues in our understanding of stroke progression and abrogation of secondar...
Molecular binding scaffolds increase local substrate concentration enhancing the enzymatic hydrolysis of VX nerve agent.

Kinetic enhancement of organophosphate hydrolysis is a long-standing challenge in catalysis. For prophylactic treatment against organophosphate exposure, enzymatic hydrolysis needs to occur at high rates in the presence of low substrate concentrations and enzymatic activity should persist over days and weeks. Here, the conjugation of small DNA scaffolds was used to introduce substrate binding sites with micromolar affinity to VX, paraoxon, and methyl-parathion in close proximity to the enzyme phosphotriesterase (PTE). The result was a decrease in KM and increase in the rate at low substrate concentrations. An optimized system for paraoxon hydrolysis decreased KM by 11-fold, with a corresponding increase in second-order rate constant. The initial rates of VX and methyl-parathion hydrolysis were also increased by 3.1- and 6.7-fold, respectively. The designed scaffolds not only increased the local substrate concentration, but they also resulted in increased stability and PTE-DNA particle size tuning between 25 and ~150 nm. The scaffold engineering approach taken here is focused on altering the local chemical and physical microenvironment around the enzyme and is therefore compatible with active site engineering via combinatorial and computational approaches.
Singular Disks, Part I

The object of this chapter is to examine the matrix B (of equation (4.5.1)) for λ close to zero. We know that this matrix has analytic continuation in all cases and so the relation of the local behavior of B near 1 with its local behavior near λ = 0 makes sense without any restriction on a, b, c other than (1.1). We will assume conditions (9.0.1)−(9.0.3).
Chapter 9 – Troubleshooting

Any time an intervention is implemented, there should be at least some degree of immediate improvement observed. At the very least, the learner should be making attempts to learn and there should be observable changes in how much assistance the learner is requiring. If you are not noticing improvements, there are a variety of procedural adjustments to consider. This chapter discusses tips for troubleshooting when learners are having difficulty acquiring executive function skills from the lessons in this manual.
Impact of Spatio-Temporal Thermal Decoherence on Soliton Microcombs in Multimode Microresonators

The phase noise of the soliton repetition rate is experimentally characterized in silica microresonators. In conjunction with dispersive wave quieting of pump technical noise, spatio-temporal fluctuations of distinct transverse modes set a limit to performance.
Clinical Screening for COVID-19 in Asymptomatic Patients With Cancer.

This quality improvement study examines the efficacy of a repeated testing protocol for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among patients with cancer.
Multisite Study Assessing the Effect of Cognitive Test Anxiety on Academic and Standardized Test Performance

Objective. To evaluate the degree of cognitive test anxiety (CTA) present in student pharmacists at multiple pharmacy programs in the United States and to determine if there are associations between self-reported CTA and relevant academic outcomes. Methods. All 2018-2019 advanced pharmacy practice experience (APPE) students from three US Doctor of Pharmacy (PharmD) programs (N=260) were invited to participate in the study. Participants completed a validated 37-question survey that included the Cognitive Test Anxiety Scale-2 (CTAS-2) along with demographics-related questions. Responses were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), Kruskal Wallace, and multiple linear regression where appropriate. Results. One hundred twenty-four students (48%) from the three programs participated in the study, and the individual data of 119 (46%) were included in the final analysis. Twenty-two students (18.5%) were classified as having high CTA, 41 (34.5%) as having moderate CTA, and 56 (47.1%) as having low CTA. High CTA predicted a 8.9 point lower NAPLEX total scaled score after accounting for other variables and was also correlated with lower cumulative didactic GPA, performance on the Pharmacy Curriculum Outcomes Assessment (PCOA), and increased likelihood of requiring course remediation. Conclusion. High cognitive test anxiety affects 18% of pharmacy students and may significantly impact their performance on a variety of traditional student success measures, including the NAPLEX. Pharmacy educators should consider further use and adoption of test anxiety measurements to identify and assist potentially struggling students.
UNIVERSAL BILIRUBIN MANAGEMENT CHALLENGES IN A RACIALLY AND ETHNICALLY DIVERSE COHORT OF US NEWBORNS

Objective American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia guidelines recommend universal predischarge risk assessment and follow-up at 3–5 days of age (Pediatrics 2004; 114:297). They advise against using sunlight for phototherapy (heliotherapy). AAP and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention parental jaundice education concur. Post-discharge care coordination data are limited in diverse populations, and the extent of heliotherapy use is unknown. Our objective is to assess attendance at a follow-up appointment at 3–5 days of age and recommendations for the use of alternative light therapy. Methods We prospectively enrolled healthy infants >35 weeks gestation at six sites. Risk factors were assessed through family histories and medical records. Study nurses reinforced standard clinical teaching with verbal and written jaundice education, emphasising timely follow-up. Parents agreed to follow-up at 3–5 days of age. Parents were interviewed 30 days post-delivery and specifically asked if their baby received jaundice treatment other than phototherapy or exchange transfusion. Results Of 1144 infants, 902 (79%) were seen at 3–5 days. There was no documented follow-up for 241 (21%) infants. Heliotherapy treatment recommendations were reported by 237 (21%), recommended by 66 physicians (19%), 180 nurses (51%), 40 relatives (11%), seven friends (2%), and 57 others (16%). Conclusions Despite intensive parental jaundice education, 21% did not return at 3–5 days. Despite widely available management guidelines and parent education, heliotherapy was recommended in 21%. Additional strategies are needed to support hospital–community coordinated care and to promote appropriate, safe neonatal jaundice management. Funding: Supported by HRSA/MCHB U21MC04403; NIH M01RR-00070, M01RR0018; Respironics; TargetHealth.
Research on Security Protection Strategy for Intelligent power terminals

In the context of Smart Grid 2.0, intelligent power terminals are an important part of the smart grid, but their weak security protection can easily become the main target and springboard for criminals to attack the grid. Therefore, ensuring the security of intelligent power terminals is the key to protect the security of smart grids. In this context, this paper through the analysis of intelligent power terminal security threats, proposes a three-layer intelligent power terminal protection framework including "physical layer", "operating system layer" and "communication layer", and thus proposed a security protection strategy for intelligent power terminal devices, which aims to comprehensively improve the security of power system comprehensively.
Negotiating child protection mandates in Housing First for families.

Abstract Background Housing First (HF) is an evidence-based service model that combines permanent housing and supportive case management premised on harm reduction and consumer self-determination to end homelessness for high-need individuals. Originally developed for use with single adults, this model is now being employed with families. Yet there is little empirical work on how HF is implemented with this particular population. Objective The aim of this study is to examine how frontline providers adapt and apply HF to formerly homeless or at-risk, families involved in child welfare. Participants and setting Frontline providers working in family HF programs (N = 59) were recruited from two states, across 11 organizations, and 16 program sites. The theoretical sample (n = 26) includes 13 participants working in programs that encouraged direct collaboration with Child Protective Services (CPS) in the program model and 13 participants from three non-CPS-aligned sites in a second state. Methods A grounded theory approach was used to analyze semi-structured, qualitative interviews. Results Frontline providers exercised street-level bureaucratic discretion when interpreting child protection reporting mandates and they found ways to adapt the HF model to this population. In doing so, they worked to juggle both their mandates to child protection and to principles of HF to create a “child safety-modified” form of HF. Conclusions While our study shows that providers are modifying HF to address the needs of families involved in child welfare, it also raises questions as to the degree to which HF can be done with high fidelity when used with this population.
An examination of patterns of caregiver responsiveness and toddler communication in early childhood classrooms

Young children’s communication is dependent upon caregivers’ responsiveness to their behaviors; however, little is known about the responsiveness of toddler teachers to children in their classrooms...
Functional Motifs of the Androgen Receptor

Androgen receptor (AR) transcriptional activity stimulated by high affinity binding of testosterone or dihydrotestosterone involves a dynamic NH2- and carboxyl-terminal (N/C) interaction between an AR NH2-terminal FXXLF motif (23FQNLF27) and a hydrophobic interaction surface in the ligand binding domain known as activation function 2 (AF2). The AR N/C interaction slows the dissociation rate of bound androgen, stabilizes AR and competitively inhibits activity from AF2. Functional significance of the androgen-dependent AR N/C interaction is supported by naturally occurring germline mutations in AF2 that decrease AR transcriptional activity and cause the androgen insensitivity syndrome by interfering with the N/C interaction without altering equilibrium androgen binding affinity. Gain-of-function AR somatic mutations in prostate cancer can enhance the AR N/C interaction in association with increased AR transcriptional activity. Melanoma antigen gene protein-A11 (MAGE-11) is an AR coactivator that competitively inhibits the AR N/C interaction by binding the AR FXXLF motif, but increases AR signaling through mechanisms that appear to contribute to the development and growth of prostate cancer.
Foreword: You Are Entering a Gay and Lesbian Free Zone: On the Radical Dissents of Justice Scalia and Other (Post-) Queers - [Raising Questions about Lawrence, Sex Wars, and the Criminal Law]

The most renowned substantive criminal law decision of the October 2002 Term, Lawrence v. Texas, will go down in history as a critical turning point in criminal law debates over the proper scope of the penal sanction. For the first time in the history of American criminal law, the United States Supreme Court has declared that a supermajoritarian moral belief does not necessarily provide a rational basis for criminalizing conventionally deviant conduct. The Court’s ruling is the coup de grâce to legal moralism
Studies on polynucleotides. LXVII. Initiation of protein synthesis in vitro as studied by using ribopolynucleotides with repeating nucleotide sequences as messengers.

Abstract All of the 64 ribotrinucleotides were tested for the binding of fmet-tRNAF to ribosomes. The trinucleotides AUG, GUG, UUG, ACG, CUG, GCG, UGG, UCG and AGG stimulated the binding, the first three giving the maximum effect. The non-formylatable species (met-tRNAM) was recognized by the triplets AUG and GUG. Polypeptide synthesis in Escherichia coli cell-free system at 0.004 m -Mg2+ concentration proceeded only when messengers contained initiator codons; it also required the presence of fmet-tRNAF and additional stimulation was obtained by the addition of a protein fraction isolated from ribosomal washings. Poly r-UG containing repeating dinucleotide sequence directed the synthesis of fmet-(Cys-Val-)n, and the N-terminal sequence was established as fmet-Cys-Val-Poly r-AUG directed polymethionine synthesis required fmet-tRNAF in addition to met-tRNAM needed for the incorporation of internal methionine. At low Mg2+ ion concentration poly r-GUA specifically stimulated the incorporation of valine, dependent on fmet-tRNAF. Although the triplet UUG stimulated the binding of fmet-tRNAF to ribosomes, poly r-UUG failed to stimulate fmet incorporation and no fmet-tRNAF-dependent polypeptide synthesis at 0.004 m -Mg2+ concentration was observed. From these results the triplets AUG, GUG and GUA are concluded to be codons for the initiation of polypeptide chains by fmet-tRNAF.
Superheavy Elements at Berkeley: The Culmination of Seaborg's Career

Through many years and many heavy element research projects, Seaborg always brought the authors’ thoughts and discussions back to the superheavy elements (SHE). This guidance led to the construction of the Berkeley Gasfilled Separator (BGS) with its primary program being a search for superheavy elements. In April and May of 1999, the BGS was used to search for the production and decay of element 118 from the 86Kr+ 208Pb reaction according to Smolanczuk’s predictions of relatively large production rates. Three decay chains, each consisting of an implanted heavy ion, followed by a rapid (ms) succession of high-energy (> 10 MeV) alpha-particle decays were detected. These chains are consistent with the production and decay of element 118 with mass number 293. These results a) show experimental evidence for the existence of shell-stabilized SHE, b) provide experimental values for refinement of nuclear mass models in the SHE region, and, most importantly, c) present a “new” reaction pathway for the production of SHE.
Acute Ethanol Exposure Inhibits Renal Folate Transport, but Repeated Exposure Upregulates Folate Transport Proteins in Rats and Human Cells

Deficiency of folate in heavy-drinking alcoholic populations can occur partly because of an increased urinary folate excretion. Ethanol directly reduces the reabsorption of folate in the renal proximal tubule (PT) by acting on either of 2 folate transport proteins, the reduced folate carrier (RFC) and the folate receptor (FR). This study was designed to determine the effects of ethanol on the transport of folate by PT cells and to examine the effects of ethanol on RFC and the FR protein expression. Normal human PT (HPT) cells were cultured on membrane inserts to study intracellular transport of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate from the apical or basolateral direction in the presence of ethanol [11-109 mmol/L (50-500 mg/dL)]. The long-term effect of ethanol on the renal folate transport protein content was determined by western blot in treated HPT cells and in vivo in rats pair-fed control diets or ethanol-containing liquid diets. A 1-h treatment of HPT cells with ethanol (> or = 65 mmol/L) reduced the apically directed transport of folate by 20-25% without affecting the basolateral transport. A 5-d exposure of HPT cells to ethanol dose-dependently increased the content of both the FR and RFC proteins, with a greater effect on the RFC. Similarly, a 14-d exposure of rats to ethanol increased the in vivo expression of both the RFC and FR. These studies demonstrate that ethanol decreases the reabsorptive transport of folate by renal PT cells, which would increase urinary folate excretion. In contrast, subchronic exposure of PT cells, both in vivo and in vitro, to folate-depleting concentrations of ethanol leads to an upregulation of the 2 folate transport proteins. The increase in folate transporters partly counteracts the inhibitory effects of ethanol on folate transport activity, which explains the lower magnitude of ethanol's effect on transport with subchronic exposure compared with that with acute exposure.
Delayed Surgical-Occlusal Treatment of Malocclusion and Pain from Displaced Subcondylar Fractures: Report of Case

An 18-year-old girl sustained subcondylar fractures, in addition to other injuries, in an automobile accident. After six months, a diagnosis was made of temporomandibular joint syndrome due to retruded open bite. The patient was successfully treated by a surgeon and a dentist.
A study of Gyrocotyle in the San Juan Archipelago, Puget Sound, U.S.A., with observations on the host, Hydrolagus colliei (Lay and Bennett)

Simmons John E. & Laurie John S., 1972. A study of Gyrocotyle in the San Juan Archipelago, Puget Sound, U.S.A., with observations on the host, Hydrolagus colliei (Lay and Bennett). International journal for Parasitology, 2: 59–77. Over 400 specimens of the chimaeroid fish, Hydrolagus colliei, were examined for infection with Gyrocotyle spp. Only six uninfected animals were noted, and an infection incidence of 98·8 per cent recorded. Infection with Gyrocotyle parvispinosa comprised approximately 10–30 per cent of the total, dependent upon site of capture of the hosts. This species occupies a more posterior habitat in the valvular intestine than does Gyrocotyle fimbriata, and it escapes a moribund host animal somewhat more rapidly. Size of gyrocotylideans can be directly related to size of hosts from which they are derived, but there is little diffreence in this size relationship between the two species of worms, nor do the numbers of uterine egg capsules differ significantly between the two. Infections with two individuals comprised 68 per cent of those with G. fimbriata and 56 per cent of those with G. parvispinosa; single-worm infections constituted 21 per cent and 44 per cent of the infections with these two species, respectively. The incidence of single-worm infections was elevated to 42 and 83 per cent, respectively, in hosts less than 150 mm in length, and no evidence was obtained that infections are initiated with numerous worms. The possibility that ‘massive’ infections with Gyrocotyle might result from ingestion of free worms containing parenchymal postlarvae is discussed. Data on size class distributions of hosts collected at three sites, on weight-length relationships of the fish, and vomerine root lamellae counts, are presented.
β2-Adrenergic Receptor Polymorphisms and Sudden Cardiac Death: A Signal to Follow

Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is defined as an unexpected death from a cardiac cause generally within 1 hour of the onset of symptoms. The great majority of SCD cases are due to ventricular fibrillation and subsequent hemodynamic collapse. Eighty percent of SCD is attributable to ischemic heart disease, with much of the remainder caused by cardiomyopathies/heart failure and intrinsic conduction system abnormalities.1 These predisposing conditions place patients at risk for SCD, and a trigger for the fatal arrhythmias may come from an imbalance of the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems,2–5 the latter being mediated by cardiac β1- and β2-adrenergic receptors (β1AR, β2AR). Indeed, treatment with β-blockers of patients with heart failure and those who have suffered a myocardial infarction significantly reduces ventricular tachyarrhythmias and SCD. Typically, the pathophysiology of SCD is considered in terms of the underlying disease. However, there is evidence for genetic variability of the β1AR and β2AR genes that has functional consequence in transfected cells, endogenously expressing cells, and transgenic mice.6,7 Familial clustering of certain pathological arrhythmias and the unexplained variability in susceptibility among unrelated individuals to fatal arrhythmias raise the possibility of common polymorphisms such as those of the β1AR or β2AR being genetic risk factors for SCD. Article p 1842 In this issue of Circulation , Sotoodehnia et al8 examined polymorphisms of the β2AR and potential associations with SCD. The study used individuals in the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS), amounting to 4441 European Americans and 808 African Americans, with SCD occurring in 156 and 39 cases, respectively. In this population, homozygosity for Gln27 was associated with a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.56 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.17 to 2.09) for SCD compared with …
Synthesis and structural characterization of chiral thiacrowns: the crystal and molecular structure of (R,R,R)-2,6,10-trimethyl-1,5,9-trithiacyclododecane

Abstract The chiral polythioether macrocycles ( R , R , R )-2,6,10-trimethyl-1,5,9-trithiacyclododecane [( R , R , R )-Me 3 12S3] ( 8 ), and ( R , R , R , R )-2,6,10,14-tetramethyl-1,5,9,13-tetrathiacyclohexadecane, [( R , R , R , R )-Me 4 16S4] ( 9 ), have been synthesized from ( R )-2-methylthietane ( 7 ) by using the dirhenium carbonyl catalyst Re 2 (CO) 9 [( R )-2-SC(H)MeCH 2 CH 2 )] ( 10 ). The catalytic activity is low, 0.21 turnovers per hour, but is significantly above the uncatalyzed level. Compound 8 was characterized by a single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis that was able to establish the absolute configuration.
Effect of marital status on the outcome of patients undergoing elective or urgent coronary revascularization.

Background Marriage confers various health advantages in the general population. However, the added value of marriage among patients who undergo percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) beyond the standard cardiovascular risk factors is not clear. This study aimed to assess the effects of marital status on outcomes of patients undergoing elective or urgent PCI. Methods Clinical observational analysis of consecutive patients undergoing elective or urgent PCI from 1993 to 2011 was performed. Patients were stratified by marital status, comparing married to unmarried patients. Clinical outcome up to 12 months was obtained by telephone contact or office visit. A total of 11,216 patients were included in the present analysis; 55% were married and 45% unmarried. Results Significant differences in baseline characteristics were noted, including a lower prevalence of hypertension (86% vs 88%), diabetes (34% vs 38%), and smoking (19% vs 25%) among married vs unmarried patients, respectively ( P P Conclusions Married patients who undergo urgent or elective PCI have superior short- and long-term outcomes up to 1 year when compared with unmarried patients. These benefits persist after adjustment for multiple traditional cardiovascular risk factors.
Industrial application and genetic engineering of plant cell cultures

Abstract Tissue culture can be employed for the biosynthesis of economically important plant constituents. In this report, some engineering aspects for large-scale cultivation and genetic manipulation of plant cells are reviewed.
An Improved Result Relating Quadratic Forms and Chi-Square Distributions

Abstract Results from the theory of linear models establish a particular idempotency condition as being necessary and sufficient for a quadratic form in a nonsingular normal vector to follow a chi-square distribution. We give a theorem that is somewhat stronger than the standard ones, and provide a proof that is more accessible than those usually given, in that it uses only linear algebra and calculus.
Licensed to Share: How Libraries Are Handling Electronic Journal Article Requests

This questionnaire-based study examines how libraries are now handling electronic journal (e-journal) article requests in both lending and borrowing. With an increasing number of publishers and e-journal content providers permitting interlibrary loan (ILL) sharing, and with the availability of new license management tools and services, many respondents stated that they share e-journal articles. However, problems persist. Respondents cited issues such as restrictive licenses, automatic deflection of e-journal article requests, and the lack of information from libraries about what e-journal titles they are licensed to ILL.
Stretching performances in education: the impact of gay parenting and activism on identity and school change

This paper features one gay parent activist in the complex social milieu of his child’s school and his community, his actions meeting both resistance and concurrence as a larger movement operated locally and nationally to make schooling more accepting of and acceptable to gays and lesbians. The paper traces this man’s parenting processes and their effect on the schooling of many children, not only his own, and then contrasts his voice with the reluctant, often denying, and finally acquiescent voices of school people. The narrative captures the essence of cultural and identity change as well as individual and institutional processes. Turning to theory, I use postmodern dilemmas to define the episodic movements of the groups and the multipositionality of the individuals involved. Agency, social roles, and collaborative and individual activity illuminate the agenda of social groups effectively working with and through this parent to meet political goals for students.
Direct measurement of the direction of interface motion in the oxidation of metals and covalent solids—Al(111) and Si(100) oxidation with O2 at 300 K

Abstract Four point probe measurements of the surface electrical resistance at an oxide film–metal interface and at an oxide–film semiconductor interface have shown with A sensitivity that the direction of the buried interface motion during oxide film growth is opposite in the two cases in accordance with the Mott–Cabrera theory. During the formation of amorphous Al2O3 layers on Al(111) at 300 K, outward film growth occurs due to Al3+ ion transport from the metal into the growing oxide film. For the formation of amorphous SiO2 layers on Si(100) at 300 K, oxygen transport occurs inwardly into the Si lattice as the oxide film forms.
Social politics: a theory

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to articulate a theory which connects social stratification processes to the international problem of human trafficking for sex and labor purposes.Design/methodology/approach – The paper develops a social politics theory to connect concepts from social stratification to the study of human trafficking. It draws on data provided by the US Department of Health and Human Services' Rescue and Restore program for trafficked victims to illustrate how traffickers move victims trans‐nationally. It cites sources from Australia and Sweden to show how national laws and policies regarding prostitution can contribute to or discourage human trafficking for sex and labor purposes.Findings – The social politics theory is a theoretical idea based on observations of how social, political, legal, and economic changes within “Weak” and “Failing” states create an environment conducive to human trafficking for sex and labor purposes as well as other forms of injustices.Originality/value – ...
Electronic Separation of Biological Cells by Volume

A device capable of separating biological cells (suspended in a conducting medium) according to volume has been developed. Cell volume is measured in a Coulter aperture, and the cells are subsequently isolated in droplets of the medium which are charged according to the sensed volume. The charged droplets then enter an electrostatic field and are deflected into a collection vessel. Mixtures of mouse and human erythrocytes and a large volume component of mouse lymphoma cells were separated successfully. In tests with Chinese hamster ovary cells essentially all cells survived separation and grew at their normal rate.
Comparative kinetic behavior of the photoinduced EPR signal observed in whole cells and cell free preparations of Rhodospirillum rubrum

Abstract The time response of the photoinduced EPR signal observed in whole cell Rhodospirillum rubrum is compared with the signal observed in cell free preparations from the same bacterium. Although the spectral characteristics of these signals, g value, line width, and shape, appear identical, the formation and decay characteristics are quite distinct. The decay kinetics observed in whole cells are monotonic, with a half-time of approximately 30 msec, whereas those observed in subcellular particles are biphasic, with both millisecond and second decay times. The formation kinetics of the signal generated in whole cells are dependent upon the dark-light history and environment of the cells; the formation curve displays a plateau, two maxima, and a minimum before a steady state is reached. The formation kinetics of the signal obtained with cell free preparations are strictly monotonie and independent, of their dark-light history. A flash from a liquid dye laser produces in the whole cells a machine-limited (faster than 2 msec) EPR signal which decays with a half-time of approximately 11 msec.
Electromechanical /spl Delta//spl Sigma/ modulation with high-Q micromechanical accelerometers and pulse density modulated force feedback

This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of force-balanced microelectromechanical /spl Delta//spl Sigma/ modulators for inertial and force sensing applications, with the emphasis on the control of high-Q micromechanical accelerometers. High Q is desirable for reducing thermal-mechanical Brownian noise but makes the control more challenging. Linear multibit force feedback using nonlinear actuators based on pulse density modulation (PDM) is described. The characteristics of the modulators, including stability, quantization noise, dynamic range, and proof-mass position error, are studied by simulations. The effects of nonidealities such as proof-mass position offset, manufacturing variations and undesired vibration modes are investigated.
O(2)-Hopf bifurcation for a model of cellular shock instability

Abstract We study by center manifold and normal form reduction an O ( 2 ) -Hopf bifurcation arising in a simplified model of bifurcating viscous shock waves in a channel, suppressing longitudinal dependence and modeling onset of instability via competing stable/unstable diffusions. For this canonical system, a cousin of the Kuramoto–Sivashinsky model, we are able to carry out a complete bifurcation analysis.
Dynamics of herpes simplex virus capsid maturation visualized by time-lapse cryo-electron microscopy.

Dynamics of herpes simplex virus capsid maturation visualized by time-lapse cryo-electron microscopy