cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Structure and Conformation of Nitroxyl Spin-Label Compounds in Frozen Solutions by Electron Nuclear Double Resonance Spectroscopy

The structure and conformation of carboxylic acid, formyl, and propenoic acid derivatives of the nitroxyl spin-label 2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-1-oxypyrroline have been determined by electron nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) spectroscopy. From ENDOR spectra of the spin-label compounds in frozen solutions, we have assigned the resonance absorption features for each class of protons. The ENDOR spectra were analyzed on the basis of their dependence onH 0. The maximum and minimum ENDOR shifts for each proton were shown to correspond to axially symmetric principal hyperfine coupling (hfc) components, from which the dipolar contributions were estimated to calculate electron-proton separations. Conformational analysis on the basis of torsion angle search calculations constrained by the ENDOR determined electron-proton distances revealed that in all three spin-label compounds the side chains are in a planar conformation with respect to the oxypyrrolinyl ring. In the carboxylic acid and formyl derivatives the C=O group is in as-trans conformation with respect to the vinyl group of the spin-label, while in the spin-labeled propenoic acid the conformation is found to be all planartrans-s-cis.
A comparison of the Guilford and Eysenck factors of personality

Abstract The correlations of factor scores from the Guilford-Zimmerman Temperament Survey (GZTS) with factor scores on the Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPI) and the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ) were compared to predictions made by Guilford and Eysenck regarding the structure of personality. Factor structure of the GZTS was consistent with Guilford's proposed model. Eysenck's Neuroticism was strongly associated with Guilford's Emotional Stability (E) and E plus Objectivity (O) factors. Eysenck's Psychoticism had no counterpart on the GZTS, although it was associated with Restraint (R). EPI-Extraversion was related to both Guilford's Social Activity (SA) and Introversion-Extraversion (IE) second-order factors, while EPQ-Extraversion was related only to SA. Findings are discussed in terms of Eysenck's evolving definition of Extraversion and the emerging importance of the Impulsivity primary factor.
Talking to Students: Embedded Voice Commenting as a Tool for Critiquing Student Writing

For some time, writing teachers have used audio feedback to assess students' work. But previous methods using audiocassettes are now dated or impractical for online or distance classrooms. Voice commentary can still be used to evaluate students' writing, however, using Microsoft Word's commenting feature for embedding voice comments. This article explains why this method of commentary is used; discusses students' reactions to the method, tracked over a 2-year period; and provides detailed instructions for using the software.
Line narrowing in photoemission by coincidence spectroscopy.

We present photoemission spectra from the $3p$ level of Cu(100) obtained in coincidence with the ${M}_{3}\mathrm{VV}$ Auger line. The $3p$ level is narrowed from its 2.2-eV core-lifetime-broadened width to 1.0 eV, representing the intrinsic width of the $^{1}G$ Auger final state. The core line changes its energy within the 2.2-eV envelope as the Auger coincidence energy is changed, conserving the sum of Auger-electron and photoelectron kinetic energies.
Radial filtration in highly concentrated suspensions undergoing constant-force squeeze flow and its effect on the normal stress distribution

Liquid-phase migration and jamming of the suspended particles appear to be the cause of the previously reported drastic changes in the normal stress distribution in concentrated suspensions subjected to squeeze flow as the initial volume fraction is raised above a critical value. Liquid-phase migration was found to depend on the initial volume fraction of solids, the viscosity of the suspending fluid, and the size of the particles. Under some conditions, liquid-phase migration did not take place to any significant degree; however, under other conditions, the volume fraction of solids increased throughout the sample, but especially in the central region, as liquid was expelled from the test region in preference to the solids. Criteria for the occurrence of liquid-phase migration in suspensions undergoing squeeze flow are discussed in terms of dimensionless groups.
More on crystalline zirconium phosphates

Abstract Heating α-zirconium phosphate (α-ZrP) for long periods of time leads to the formation of two new phases ζ-ZrP and η-ZrP. The former phase is similar in structure to the phase obtained from solid-solid ion exchange reactions at low metal ion loadings. Refluxing α-ZrP in 15·7 M H 3 PO 4 results in the formation of δ-ZrP which is converted to e-ZrP on longer refluxing. Neither of these phases is a good ion exchanger. Several additional zirconium phosphate phases prepared in a variety of ways are also reported.
Cathodoluminescent textures and the origin of quartz silt in Oligocene mudrocks, South Texas

ABSTRACT In subsurface mudrocks of the Oligocene Frio Formation in South Texas, a substantial proportion of silt-size quartz (10-62 µm) manifests cathodoluminescence (CL) that varies greatly in intensity within each particle, giving rise to textures that differ greatly from grain to grain. In contrast, most quartz grains of sand size (>= 62 µm) have CL that is relatively homogeneous within individual grains. A substantial percentage of the quartz within silt grains is very weakly luminescent. No depth trend in the occurrence of luminescent textures in detrital quartz is observed, suggesting that the component of dark, possibly low-temperature silt-size quartz is not related to chemical processes in the present burial setting. Paleogene rhyolites of West Texas are a partial model for the source rocks that supplied sediment to the Frio Formation. Phenocrystic quartz in these volcanics has uniform CL similar to that observed in the Frio sand fraction, whereas complex CL structure seen in the associated groundmass bears many similarities to the CL textures observed in Frio silts. This observation further supports the idea that CL structure of detrital quartz in the Frio is most likely an inherited feature. If the quartz with dark CL is of low-temperature origin, it would help to elucidate the relatively 18O-enriched isotopic values reported for mudrock quartz in the Frio.
Degradation of brightness by resonant particle effects

A resonance between the periodic focusing force and the envelope oscillations or the particle orbits can lead to beam halo formation and a dramatic decrease in brightness. A theoretical model has been developed for this parametric transport instability. The authors also investigated the instability on the Experimental Test Accelerator II (ETA-II). The instability can be excited by altering the excitation of just one solenoid. >
Ulcerative syphilis in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: a case of precocious tertiary syphilis in a patient infected with human immunodeficiency virus.

I. Delescluse J, Cauwenbergh G, Degreef H. Itraconazole, a new orally active antifungal in the treatment of pityriasis versicolor. Br J Dermatol 1986;114:701-3. 2. Estrada RA. Itraconazole in pityriasis versicolor. Rev Infect Dis 1987;9(suppl 1):128-30. 3. Panconesi E, Difonzo E. Treatment of dermatophytoses and pityriasis versicolor with itraconazole. Rev Infect Dis 1987;9(suppl 1): 109-13. 4. Cauwenbergh G, deDonker P, Stoops K, et al. Itraconazole in the treatment of human mycoses: review of three years of clinical experience. Rev Infect Dis I987;9(suppl I):14652. 5. Nuijten ST, Schuller JL. Itraconazole in the treatment of tinea corporis: a pilot study. Rev Infect Dec 1987;9(suppl 1):119-20. 6. Hay RJ, Clayton YM. Treatment of chronic dermatophytosis and chronic oral candidosis with itraconazole. Rev Infect Dis 1987;9(suppl 1):114-8. 7. Hanifi n JM, Tofte SJ. Itraconazole therapy for recalcitrant dermatophyte infections. J AM ACAD DERMATOL 1988; 18: 1077 -80. 8. Pont A, William P, Azhar S, et al. Ketoconazole blocks testosteronesynthesis. Arch Intern Med 1982;142:2137-40. 9. Pont A, Williams P, Loose D, et al. Ketoconazole blocks adrenal steroid synthesis. Ann Intern Med 1982;97:370-2. 10. Pont A, Graybill J, Craven P. High-dose ketoconazole therapy and adrenal and testicular function in humans. Arch Intern Med 1984;144:2150-3. 11. Itraconazole basic medical information brochure. Piscataway, N.J.: Janssen Pharmaceutica. 5th ed. 1986. 12. Beilesen AM. Bair loss during itraconazole treatment [Letter]. Br Med J 1986;293:823. 13. Wishart JM. The influence of food on the pharmacokinetics of itraconazole in patients with superficial fungal infection. JAM ACAD DERMATOL 1987;17:220-3. 14. Phillips P, Fetchick R, Weisman I, et at Tolerance to and efficacy of itraeonazole in treatment of systemic mycoses: preliminary results. Rev Infect Dis 1987;9(suppll):87-93. IS. Smith KJ, WarnockDW, Kennedy CT, et al. AzoIc res istancein Candida albicans. J Med Vet MycoI1986;24:13344.
The threat of pandemic influenza: why today is not 1918.

The specter of the 1918-1919 influenza pandemic, which killed an estimated 40-100 million people worldwide, hangs over analyses of and responses to the current pandemic of swine-origin novel influenza A (H1N1). There are four major differences between today and 1918 that reduce the likelihood that the current pandemic—or the next one—will be as deadly as the one in 1918. Today we have advance warning of the threat of a highly lethal influenza pandemic, we have a global human health surveillance and response system, we have new medical countermeasures, and there is no global conflict like World War I to act as an incubator and vector for a highly lethal influenza virus and an impediment to medical and public health responses to the pandemic.
Chemistry of Vibronic Coupling. 3. How One Might Maximize Off-Diagonal Dynamic Vibronic Coupling Constants for Intervalence Charge-Transfer (IVCT) States in an ABA ¥ System (A, B ) Alkali Metal, H, Halogen)?

We investigate computationally the vibronic coupling constant in a large group of simple uncharged ABA• systems (A, B = H, Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, F, Cl, Br, I), which may be formally mixed-valence or i...
Phase rotation methods in filtering correlation coefficients for ultrasound speckle tracking

In speckle-tracking-based myocardial strain imaging, large interframe/volume peak-systolic strains cause peak hopping artifacts separating the highest correlation coefficient peak from the true peak. A correlation coefficient filter was previously designed to minimize peak hopping artifacts. For large strains, however, the correlation coefficient filter must follow the strain distribution to remove peak hopping effectively. This processing usually means interpolation and high computational load. To reduce the computational burden, a narrow band approximation using phase rotation is developed in this paper to facilitate correlation coefficient filtering. Correlation coefficients are first phase rotated to increase coherence, then filtered. Rotated phase angles are determined by the local strain and spatial position. This form of correlation coefficient filtering enhances true correlation coefficient peaks in large strain applications if decorrelation due to deformation does not completely destroy the coherence among neighboring correlation coefficients. The assumed strain used in the filter can also deviate from the true strain and still be effective. Further improvement in displacement estimation can be expected by combining correlation coefficient filtering with a new Viterbi-based displacement estimator.
Fighting collusion by regulating communication between firms

Fighting collusion Regulation of communication between firms This paper is an attempt to create a coherent approach to the design of competition policy enforcement against collusion based on theoretical considerations, evidence from economic experiments, and case studies. I argue that collusion should primarily be fought indirectly by targeting types of communication between firms that are particularly likely to facilitate collusion. In particular, I identify types of communication which have high potential anti‐competitive effects but where it is unlikely that prohibiting communication will lead to efficiency losses. This analysis leads to some simple rules concerning communication between firms, which could also guide the development of competition rules for B2B electronic market places. — Kai-Uwe Kuhn
Island Scaling Effects on Photoluminescence of Strained SiGe/Si (100)

The fabrication of electronic devices on semiconductor islands is becoming increasingly common because of silicon-on-insulator technology and/or because of strain engineering in compliant substrate approaches. While photoluminescence can be an accurate probe of Ge content and strain, in islands it can be affected by the presence of the island edges. Here we present data and a model showing that for high quality SiGe, edge effects are critical for sizes under ~20 µm. These effects can be mitigated by regrowing epitaxial silicon to passivate the recombination states on the island edges.
Diagnostic Assessment of Diabetic Gastroparesis

Gastroparesis is characterized by a constellation of upper gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms in association with delayed gastric emptying (GE) in the absence of mechanical outlet obstruction from the stomach. Cardinal symptoms are nausea, vomiting, early satiety or postprandial fullness, bloating, and abdominal or epigastric pain (1). Gastric retention may be asymptomatic in some, possibly due to afferent dysfunction in the setting of vagal denervation (2,3), and delayed GE may be associated with recurrent hypoglycemia in patients without upper GI symptoms (4,5). In these individuals, the term “delayed GE” is preferred to gastroparesis (1), although others have used terms such as “gastric hypoglycemia” (6). Thus, clinical manifestations of impaired GE may include anorexia, weight loss, malnutrition, phytobezoar formation, poorer quality-of-life, or impaired glycemic control due to erratic delivery of nutrients to the small bowel for absorption, and these may occur independent of factors such as age, gender, alcohol consumption, tobacco use, and diabetes type (7–9). Upper GI symptoms in diabetic patients may result from accelerated GE, often in association with vagal neuropathy and impaired proximal gastric accommodation (10). In addition, upper GI symptoms in diabetic patients were not significantly different in those with delayed compared with rapid GE, except possibly for postprandial distress ( P = 0.076 on univariate analysis) (11). Hence, it is essential to measure GE in patients with upper GI symptoms if the right treatment is to be selected, such as choice of a prokinetic agent in those with delayed GE. Similarly, one cannot assume that patients with known vagal neuropathy and upper GI symptoms have gastroparesis, because the measured GE may be normal, fast, or slow in such patients. The magnitude of GE delay may also influence diagnosis; there is overlap in the clinical diagnosis of functional dyspepsia and gastroparesis in patients …
Transcriptional Profiling Analysis of the Global Regulator NorG, a GntR-Like Protein of Staphylococcus aureus

The GntR-like protein NorG has been shown to affect Staphylococcus aureus genes involved in resistance to quinolones and β-lactams, such as those encoding the NorB and AbcA transporters. To identify the target genes regulated by NorG, we carried out transcriptional-profiling assays using S. aureus RN6390 and its isogenic norG::cat mutant. Our data showed that NorG positively affected the transcription of global regulators mgrA, arlS, and sarZ. The three putative drug efflux pump genes most positively affected by NorG were the NorB efflux pump (5.1-fold), the MmpL-like protein SACOL2566 (5.2-fold), and the BcrA-like drug transporter SACOL2525 (5.7-fold) genes. The S. aureus predicted MmpL protein showed 53% homology with the MmpL lipid transporter of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and the putative SACOL2525 protein showed 87% homology with the bacitracin drug transporter BcrA of Staphylococcus hominis. Two pump genes most negatively affected by NorG were the NorC (4-fold) and AbcA (6-fold) genes. Other categories of genes, such as those participating in amino acid, inorganic ion, or nucleotide transporters and metabolism, were also affected by NorG. Real-time reverse transcription (RT)-PCR assays for mgrA, arlS, sarZ, norB, norC, abcA, mmpL, and bcrA-like were carried out to verify microarray data and showed the same level of up- or downregulation by NorG. The norG mutant showed a 2-fold increase in resistance to norfloxacin and rhodamine, both substrates of the NorC transporter, which is consistent with the resistance phenotype conferred by overexpression of norC on a plasmid. These data indicate that NorG has broad regulatory function in S. aureus.
The effects of nucleotides on MutS-DNA binding kinetics clarify the role of MutS ATPase activity in mismatch repair.

MutS protein initiates mismatch repair with recognition of a non-Watson– Crick base-pair or base insertion/deletion site in DNA, and its interactions with DNA are modulated by ATPase activity. Here, we present a kinetic analysis of these interactions, including the effects of ATP binding and hydrolysis, reported directly from the mismatch site by 2-aminopurine fluorescence. When free of nucleotides, the Thermus aquaticus MutS dimer binds a mismatch rapidly (kON=3×10 6 M −1 s −1 ) and forms a stable complex with a half-life of 10 s (kOFF=0.07 s −1 ). When one or both nucleotide-binding
Ultrananocrystalline Diamond-Biomolecular Composites: Towards BioMEMS

The surface functionalization of ultrananocrystalline (UNCD) thin films has been investigated to develop biocomposite materials for use as BioMicroElectroMechanical Systems (BioMEMS). Specifically, hydrophobic, hydrogen-terminated UNCD films have been synthesized using a microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition technique then surface functionalized using a two-step modification procedure. This procedure produces a mixed submonolayer comprised of chloro- and hydroxyl- terminated alkyl chains chemisorbed to the UNCD surface. This surface modification procedure serves to provide functional groups that will allow for the subsequent attachment of a wide variety of biological macromolecules (e.g., proteins, biomembranes) and the ability to tune the hydrophilic nature of the diamond. The resultant materials have been characterized using surface-sensitive spectroscopies (NEXAFS and XPS).
Discovering relationships among dispersed repeats using spatial association rule mining

Address: 1Institute for Digital Biology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA, 2Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA, 3Mississippi Genome Exploration Laboratory, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA and 4Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
IMDD and FSK performance of an efficient fiber optical parametric amplifier and wavelength converter

Here we report the operation of a fiber optical parametric amplifier (OPA) with sufficient gain to overcome fiber loss, exhibiting net signal gain G, and conversion efficiency G/sub 1/ of the order of 5 dB. We present performance results for amplification and wavelength conversion of IMDD and FSK signals.
Hiding in a virtual world: Using unconventionally installed operating systems

Necessity is the mother of invention, and necessity has produced many software and hardware tools in the realm of computer networking and security to overcome problems encountered in the private and public sector. Unconventionally installed operating systems including virtual machines, operating systems installed on removable media and external storage drives are some recent inventions. These tools have been very useful to network administrators, but they can also be used in ways not intended by their creators in an attempt to mask the activities of a user. This paper will attempt to evaluate the possibility of using these unconventionally installed operating systems in an attempt to hide one's activities from conventional digital forensic tools. This evaluation will be conducted by repeating a series of tests inside a virtual environment, then overwriting the virtual environment flat file and having the host computer imaged and examined by forensic tools.
Combining the Analysis of Spatial Layout and Text to Support Design Exploration

The design exploration (DE) approach allows a large number of probable end users to communicate with software developers by creating mockups of user interfaces and augmenting the partial designs (e.g. windows and widgets) produced with textual descriptions and explanations. Software developers collect and analyze these annotated partial designs to gain an understanding of the user, their activity, and the domain of concern. This paper presents the DE analyzer and its techniques for automatically analyzing the collection of annotated partial designs. The DE Analyzer uses a combination of textual and spatial layout analysis algorithms to assist software developers' navigation and exploration of the information collected using the DE Builder.
Learning and convergence analysis of neural-type structured networks

A class of feedforward neural networks, structured networks, has recently been introduced as a method for solving matrix algebra problems in an inherently parallel formulation. A convergence analysis for the training of structured networks is presented. Since the learning techniques used in structured networks are also employed in the training of neural networks, the issue of convergence is discussed not only from a numerical algebra perspective but also as a means of deriving insight into connectionist learning. Bounds on the learning rate are developed under which exponential convergence of the weights to their correct values is proved for a class of matrix algebra problems that includes linear equation solving, matrix inversion, and Lyapunov equation solving. For a special class of problems, the orthogonalized back-propagation algorithm, an optimal recursive update law for minimizing a least-squares cost functional, is introduced. It guarantees exact convergence in one epoch. Several learning issues are investigated. >
In vivo bioelectric potentials in the dentoalveolar complex

I nvestigations into the bioelectric properties of dentin, enamel, cementurn, and, whole teeth have been reported by Braden and associates,2 Shamos and Lavine,7 Mumford and Newton6 and Liboff and Shamos.s Stress-generated electric potentials in the tooth-alveolar bone complex, as in integral mechanical unit, has been reported by Cochran, Pawluk, and Bassett? and by Zengo, Pawluk, and Bassett.” In 1965 a hypothesis was proposed linking the mechanically induced bioelectric responses observed in long bone to the behavior of tissues during orthodontic tooth movement and fuction.’ Recently, investigations into the nature of the electromechanical relationship of the dentoalveolar complex, using simulated orthodontic forces, have indicated a relationship between the observed polarity with described cellular responses occurring during tooth movement9 The latter study, which was performed in vitro, employed isolated teeth and their supporting structures. Areas which have been described as being characterized by osteoblastic activity were routinely electronegative and, conversely, areas of positivity (or electrical neutrality) mere observed in regions characterized by osteoclasia. These findings provided a mechanical-bioelectric link which was consistent with the views of Epker and Frost” that changes in the surface curvature of bone, caused by loading, correlate with specific cellular responses. Since the isolated samples in our previous studies were deformed in the absence of gingiva and nonviable periodontal attachments and in various states of drying, it was deemed essential to determine whether similar electromechanical events occurred in the living animal. The present study was undertaken to determine the nature of the electromechanical relationship between the tooth and
Mating context and menstrual phase affect women's preferences for male voice pitch

Abstract Fundamental frequency ( F 0 ) is the vocal acoustic parameter closest to what we perceive as pitch. Men speak at a lower F 0 than do women, even controlling for body size. Although the developmental and anatomical reasons for this sex difference are known, the evolutionary reasons are not. By examining fertility-related variation in women's preferences for men's voices, the present study tests the hypothesis that female choice for good genes influenced the evolution of male voice pitch (VP). Unlike previous correlational studies that did not consider the effects of menstrual phase and mating context on women's preferences for male VP, the present study includes these variables and utilizes experimental pitch (P) manipulations. Results indicate that low VP is preferred mainly in short-term mating contexts rather than in long-term, committed ones, and this mating context effect is greatest when women are in the fertile phase of their ovulatory cycles. Moreover, lower male F 0 correlated with higher self-reported mating success. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that an association between low male VP and heritable fitness led to the evolution of the observed patterns in women's P preferences and men's mating success and that these patterns influenced the evolution of low VP in men. However, alternative explanations are considered.
Conditions on the Kohn–Sham kinetic energy and associated density

Effective, explicitly density-dependent (i.e., orbital-free) approximations to the Kohn–Sham kinetic energy functional Ts remain elusive. In the course of developing such functionals in collaboration with Frank Harris, various issues have arisen that have gone unaddressed. We consider four of them here: positivity of the KS kinetic energy density, supposed requirements on its functional dependence, the use of cutoffs to insure positivity, and the role of the Coulomb virial theorem in the asymptotic analysis of Ts. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2009
Predator-Prey Interaction Between an American Robin, Turdus migratorius , and a Five-lined Skink, Eumeces fasciatus

I observed a predator-prey interaction between a juvenile American Robin ( Turdus migratorius L.) and a juvenile Five-lined Skink ( Eumeces fasciatus L.). Although Robins are considered omnivorous, there are no previous reports of a robin eating lizards although they have been recorded as occasionally taking snakes. I discuss the age of the individuals involved as it relates to prey capture and escape.
Parsing Parallel Grammatical Representations

Traditional accounts of quantifier scope employ qualitative constraints or rules to account for scoping preferences. This paper outlines a feature-based parsing algorithm for a grammar with multiple simultaneous levels of representation, one of which corresponds to a partial ordering among quantifiers according to scope. The optimal such ordering (as well as the ranking of other orderings) is determined in this grammar not by absolute constraints, but by stochastic heuristics based on the degree of alignment among the representational levels. A Prolog implementation is described and its accuracy is compared with that of other accounts.
The Adjective Generation Technique: An Alternative to Adjective Check Lists

A recently developed Adjective Generation Technique for evaluating favorability of self-description was introduced as an alternative to standardized adjective check lists. Preliminary estimates of test-retest reliability (r = .74) and construct validity (r = .53) for the technique were reported. The comparative utility of the procedure over that of the Gough Adjective Check List was discussed.
Simulating Permian–Triassic oceanic anoxia distribution: Implications for species extinction and recovery

The biggest mass extinction in the Phanerozoic, at the end of the Permian, has been associ- ated with oceanic changes, but the exact dynamics are still debated. Intensifi ed stratifi cation, widespread anoxia, chemocline excursions, and large-scale ocean overturn events have all been invoked as contributors to the extinction. In this study the effects of possible changes in environmental conditions, such as an increase in nutrient input or dust fl uxes into the ocean or an intensifi cation of the biological pump, on Permian-Triassic ocean chemistry are inves- tigated. Series of sensitivity experiments were performed with a fully coupled climate-carbon cycle model. None of the forcings alone generates extensive low-oxygen conditions in the deep sea. These are only simulated by an intense eutrophication in combination with an enhanced biological pump, but still confi ned to the central Panthalassic, Tethys, and the eastern Boreal Oceans. Our fi ndings support the conclusions from a recent geochemical study of a Japanese deep Panthalassa section, that around the Permian-Triassic boundary, the oxygen minimum zone expanded considerably, while the deep Panthalassa remained ventilated. The warming- induced increase in low-oxygen conditions within the water column aggravated adverse exist- ing conditions and likely contributed to the extinction peak. Upwelling of toxic water was probably regionally confi ned and hence not the main cause for the end-Permian marine and terrestrial mass extinction. Widespread deep-sea anoxia, generated by a strong increase in weathering and the related enhanced nutrient input into the oceans, is probably closely linked to the delayed recovery of species in the Early Triassic.
Metabolism of glycine-2-C14 in man. V. Further considerations of pulmonary excretion of C14O2.

ConclusionThe fourth component of pulmonary excretion after the intravenous injection of glycine-2 C14 has been determined and found to have an average half time of 71.5 days. Recalculation of the half time and associated C14 excretion shows that decreasing component I has an average half time of 0.12 day and that 20.8% of the C14 is excreted with this rate process. For the others the half times and percentages are 0.97 day, 14.2%; 6.1 days, 25.6%, and 71.5 days, 25.7%.
Mountain Pine Beetle Offspring Characteristics Associated with Females Producing First and Second Broods, Male Presence, and Egg Gallery Length

Three groups of mountain pine beetles, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins, were placed in fresh lodgepole pine, Pinus contorta Douglas var. latifolia Engelmann, billets and allowed to construct egg galleries. Group I consisted of reemerged females that had previously made egg galleries in the field; group II consisted of new females allowed to mate, then males were removed; and group III consisted of new females with males present throughout gallery construction. Offspring from these rearings were compared by gallery section for brood production, rate of emergence, size, and sex ratio. Reemerged females were as successful in establishing galleries as new females but produced significantly fewer beetles than new females with males present. Offspring of new females emerged at a faster rate than those of reemerged females. Offspring from reemerged females were larger than those of group II females, but not those from group III females. Sex ratios were not significantly different among offspring of the three groups.
Brain endothelial cell-targeted gene therapy of neurovascular disorders

Neurovascular disorders are difficult to treat due to the blood–brain barrier (BBB), which prevents delivery of most drugs from the blood into the brain. Gene therapy can potentially overcome this barrier, but classical vectors are neither efficient nor specific enough to provide long‐lasting treatment or avoid off‐target effects. In this issue of EMBO Molecular Medicine , Korbelin et al (2016) describe an engineered adeno‐associated virus (AAV) with exceptional tropism for the brain that restores a normal phenotype in a mouse model of incontinentia pigmenti (IP), a severe human genetic disorder of brain vasculature.
Dynamic Beam Shaping

Computer control of independent collimator jaw positions and dose is combined with multiple-field summation techniques to design optimized radiation field profiles. Clinically relevant examples are shown for dynamic wedges and compensated mantle fields. Calculation, measurement, and verification techniques are discussed.
Effect of Seizure Clustering on Epilepsy Outcome

A prospective, long-term population-based study was performed to determine whether seizure clustering (3 or more afebrile seizures during a 24 hour period) is associated with drug resistance and increased mortality in childhood-onset epilepsy, in a study at University of Turku, Finland, and the Epilepsy Research Group, Berlin, Germany.
Direct-Conversion Receivers

Old RF single-medium transceivers are mostly narrow-banded, and filtering at RF and IF helped to realize discrete RF systems. However, in modern integrated digital wireless systems, the lack of RF and IF filters heavily taxes on the performance of RF transceivers. In particular, channels with broadband spread spectrum and strong nearby blockers demand analog RF processing be extremely linear, and channel filtering highly selective. Direct frequency conversion to and from DC (Zero-IF) or low frequency (Low-IF) is the mathematical frequency translation using complex local (LO) carrier. On the transmitter (TX) side, key design factors are carrier leak, injection locking, out-of-band emission, spectral regrowth, and power amplifier (PA) efficiency. The carrier is suppressed using four-quadrant mixers, and the injection locking is avoided by dual conversion. The out-of-band emission is reduced below the spectral mask using RF filters or harmonic mixers, and the spectral regrowth issue doesn’t exist with low IM3. The PA efficiency is also traded for linearity. On the receiver (RX) side, there are self-mixing, blocker, offset, harmonic mixing, and image issues. The self-mixing with the local carrier is avoided using low-IF or dual-conversion architectures, and the blocker is rejected by digital channel filters with wide dynamic range front-ends. The offset in the zero-IF receiver is eliminated using the feedback that is active only during the data packet period. The low-IF receiver exhibits no offset problem. All issues related to the harmonic mixing and image problems in direct down-conversion receivers are discussed exhaustively using a generic complex frequency translation concept.
Physiological and comfort assessment of the gravity loading countermeasure skinsuit during exercise

The microgravity environment causes physiological deconditioning in astronauts due primarily to the absence of skeletal loading. The Gravity Loading Countermeasure Skinsuit (GLCS) is a proposed countermeasure for the musculoskeletal system. The suit provides the wearer with a static load regime replicating Earth's gravity by increasing the vertical load from the shoulders to the feet. A first prototype of the GLCS was developed, and a pilot study conducted during a parabolic flight campaign resulted in reasonable suit comfort and negligible impact of mobility during basic, low-metabolic movement. However, in order for the GLCS to serve as a countermeasure in future missions, it must also be unobtrusive and comfortable during active periods of intra-vehicular activity such as exercise. Hence, the purpose of this pilot study was to gain a better understanding of the physiological and comfort responses to wearing the GLCS during simulated exercise in microgravity, using a cyclometer in the supine position (6 degrees head down tilt) with the downstroke of the cycle perpendicular to direction of gravitational acceleration. Two subjects followed an exercise cyclometer protocol with and without the skinsuit. Heart rate and respiration chest pressure rate were measured in order to assess any physiological differences while exercising in the GLCS. In addition, force plates were mounted on the pedals to record the force in the Gz axis and validate previously measured loads imposed on the feet by the suit. Qualitative feedback regarding comfort and mobility was also collected after the trials. Preliminary results from the physiological measurements showed that the suit resulted in no significant difference from the unsuited condition in any of the parameters. Comfort results showed that subjects would be able to wear the suit for up to 16 hours with only minor discomfort. These preliminary results indicate that the GLCS may be wearable during exercise, thereby reinforcing the initial design philosophy of that suit that it could be worn for extended periods inside the spacecraft. Further, the combination of static skeletal loading provided by the suit with the aerobic exercise of cycling may serve as a combined future countermeasure to spaceflight deconditioning.
Caribbean Critique: Antillean Critical Theory from Toussaint to Glissant

Caribbean Critique seeks to define and analyze the distinctive contribution of francophone Caribbean thinkers to perimetric Critical Theory. The book argues that their singular project has been to forge a brand of critique that, while borrowing from North Atlantic predecessors such as Rousseau, Hegel, Marx, and Sartre, was from the start indelibly marked by the Middle Passage, slavery, and colonialism. Chapters and sections address figures such as Toussaint Louverture, Baron de Vastey, Victor Schoelcher, Aime Cesaire, Rene Menil, Frantz Fanon, Maryse Conde, and Edouard Glissant, while an extensive theoretical introduction defines the essential parameters of 'Caribbean Critique.'
Determination of thermal inactivation kinetics of microorganisms with a continuous microflow apparatus.

Use of a continuous microflow submerged microcoil (CSMC) apparatus was compared with the capillary tube (CT) method for measuring the thermal inactivation kinetics of Pseudomonas fluorescens at 61°C for 3 to 29 s. Inocula were continuously pumped through a microbore (≤0.0762 cm inside diameter) thin-walled stainless steel capillary tube submerged in a heated oil bath. The heating time was set by changing the flow rate, tube dimensions, or both. With the use of microthermo-couples, the time for the inocula to reach within 1°C of the set temperature was 0.05). Inactivation of Bacillus cereal spores (105°C) and native microflora found in raw milk (72°C) over heating times of 3 to 42 s were determined by CSMC. CSMC can measure thermal inactivation kinetics of microorganisms efficiently and simply at high temperatures and in short times. Survivors can be enumerated in 1-ml volumes of heat-treated samples, making it useful for determining inactivation kinetics of low numbers of microorganisms, such as those found in high-quality raw milk. Inactivation kinetics were generally more accurately described by the Weibull function (R 2 ≥ 0.97) than the linear kinetic model.
Presidential Cabinets: The Politics of Selection from Washington to Reagan

This article reports the results of an investigation into the political opportunities and constraints which confront a President when deciding who will serve in his cabinet. The primary focus is on the reasons offered for presidential selections of individuals to serve. This has been accomplished with a newly collected set of data on the initial appointments of first-term Presidents, from Washington to Reagan. Representation theory has proven useful as a general framework for analysis. In addition, realignment theory helps to explain historical variation in the impact of representational criteria. Results reflect the importance of representation in cabinet selection, with Presidents striving to foster the impression that the cabinet is a well-rounded, balanced and representative institution. Over the period studied, shifting electoral cleavages have had significant impact on the criteria of recruitment to the cabinet.
A Review of “Sides, John and Lynn Vavreck. The Gamble: Choice and Chance in the 2012 Presidential Election”

The modern era of presidential campaign research began with Holbrook's Do Campaigns Matter? (1996) and my study of The American Campaign (2000, 2008, and Campbell 1996). These studies and those tha...
Hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma with blastoid morphology in a patient with Crohn disease.

![Figure][1] A 33-year-old man with Crohn disease had been treated with azathioprine for 10 years and azathioprine/adalimumab for 9 months when he began experiencing fevers, fatigue, splenomegaly, and weight loss (20 lb in 6 months). Besides anemia and thrombocytopenia, his peripheral blood
Implementation of Infinite Height Levee in CaFunwave Using an Immersed Boundary Method

Numerical simulations of storm-surge-wave actions on coastal highways and levees are very important research topics for coastal Louisiana. In a large scale region hydrodynamic model, highways and levees are often complicated in geometry and much smaller in size compared to the grid size. The immersed boundary method (IBM) allows for those complicated geometries to be modeled in a less expensive way. It can allow very small geometries to be modeled in a large scale simulation, without requiring them to be explicitly on the grid. It can also allow for complicated geometries not collocated on the grid points. CaFunwave is a project that uses the Cactus Framework for modeling a solitary coastal wave impinging on a coastline, and is the wave solver in this research. The IBM allows for a levee with different geometries to be implemented on a simple Cartesian grid in the CaFunwave package. The IBM has not been used previously for this type of application. Implementing an infinite height levee using the IBM in the Cactus CaFunwave code involves introducing IB forcing terms into the standard 2-D depth averaged shallow water equation set. These forcing terms cause the 2-D solitary wave to experience a virtual force at the grid points surrounding the immersed boundary levee. In this paper the levee was implemented and tested using two different immersed boundary methods. The first method was a feedback-force method, which proved to be more effective at modeling the levee than the second method, the direct-forcing method. In this study, the results of the two methods, as well as the shape effects on the flow, are presented and discussed.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
SAMPLE INTRODUCTION STUDIES USING A THREE-ELECTRODE DIRECT CURRENT PLASMA

Abstract Direct current plasmas (DCPs) are briefly reviewed from a historical perspective and problems associated with the introduction of sample into DCPs are discussed. The construction of a simple drop generator for introducing small (20–50 microliter) volumes to the sample introduction system of a commercially available three-electrode DCP is described. It should be noted that the spectrometric system used to observe the three-electrode DCP is most important - results obtained using a conventional half-meter Ebert (Jarrell-Ash) are compared with results obtained using a high resolution echelle (SpectraMetrics) spectrometer. Although the Ebert is useful for the rapid scanning of spectra over wide wavelength ranges, the echelle spectrometer is much more useful with the DCP. This is not only because of the high resolving power of an echelle spectrometer but also because of the size compatibility of the DCP and the entrance slit of the echelle spectrometer. Finally, particular problems associated with the introduction of organic solvents into the DCP can be at least partially overcome provided certain steps are taken. This involves some modification of the sample introduction system of the three- electrode DCP. The conventional tubing is replaced by silicone rubber tubing and the sample delivery tip geometry is modified.
A Voice for Freedom: The Life and Achievements of William Wells Brown

The issue of slavery was a widely debated topic during the antebellum period, which created a division in American society. The partition was quite prominent between those who wanted to continue the "peculiar institution" and the abolitionists who wanted to see an end to slavery. The abolitionist movement grew rapidly in the United States. Many outstanding white Americans and African-Americans, several of whom were former slaves, joined the movement. William Wells Brown was an African-American abolitionist who rose from the chains of slavery to significant status within the abolitionist movement and ultimately in American society. Brown enjoyed a wide-ranging career in the abolitionist movement, more so than many other notable African-American abolitionists. Brown's popular literary works, and the awareness he brought to the capabilities of African-Americans, earned him a well-known spot in history.
Approach to CT Dose Optimization: Role of Registries and Benchmarking

Past two decades have seen remarkable improvements in both hardware and software technologies related to computed tomography (CT) (Tabari et al. 2017). Starting from the addition of multiple detector rows to the single-detector-row helical CT scanners in the late 1990s to the ensuing embellishment with powerful X-ray tubes and efficient detectors, CT has come a long way. These technological advances helped multidetector row CT scanners cement an indispensable role in patient care but also led to concerns over associated radiation doses.
Static Output Feedback Controllers for Continuous-Time Systems with Input-Output Nonlinearities

Abstract In this paper we develop a static output feedback controller synthesis framework for continuous-time multivariable linear time-invariant systems subject to input-output time-varying nonlinearities. The proposed framework directly accounts for robust stability and robust performance over the class of input-output nonlinearities. Specifically, using absolute stability theory we develop a controller synthesis framework for constructing feedback controllers with a guaranteed domain of attraction for systems with input nonlinearities. The proposed design approach provides a systematic procedure for loop shaping and hence can account for classical design objectives within a modern multivariable control-system design framework
Effect of Interfacial Alloying versus "volume Scaling" on Auger Recombination in Compositionally Graded Semiconductor Quantum Dots

Auger recombination is a nonradiative three-particle process wherein the electron–hole recombination energy dissipates as a kinetic energy of a third carrier. Auger decay is enhanced in quantum-dot (QD) forms of semiconductor materials compared to their bulk counterparts. Because this process is detrimental to many prospective applications of the QDs, the development of effective approaches for suppressing Auger recombination has been an important goal in the QD field. One such approach involves “smoothing” of the confinement potential, which suppresses the intraband transition involved in the dissipation of the electron–hole recombination energy. The present study evaluates the effect of increasing “smoothness” of the confinement potential on Auger decay employing a series of CdSe/CdS-based QDs wherein the core and the shell are separated by an intermediate layer of a CdSexS1–x alloy comprised of 1–5 sublayers with a radially tuned composition. As inferred from single-dot measurements, use of the five-st...
Mechanical Damage to the Processed Fruits and Vegetables

The reduction in the grade classification of processed fruits and vegetables is of grave concern to the food industry. Far too often this is caused by mechanical damage during handling procedures associated with processing and distribution.