cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis Among Foreign-Born Patients, New York City, 1995 to 1996

In New York City both the proportion of total tuberculosis cases that are extrapulmonary and the proportion of total tuberculosis cases that are foreign-born have increased since 1992. We examined the association of region of birth and site of extrapulmonary tuberculosis among 3982 persons confirmed to have tuberculosis in 1995 or 1996, while controlling for age, gender, culture result, reporting facility, and HIV status. Patients born in the Middle East (odds ratio; 3.9, p = .0001), India (odds ratio = 2.5, p = .0007), other Asian countries (excluding China, Japan and countries of the former Soviet Union) (odds ratio = 2.7, p = .0001), sub-Saharan Africa (odds ratio = 2.6, p = .0001), and the Caribbean (odds ratio = 2.0, p = .0001) were more likely to have extrapulmonary disease than patients born in the United States. The proportion of total cases with extrapulmonary involvement is likely to increase in areas where the foreign-born comprise a growing proportion of all cases of tuberculosis. Although reasons for regional differences in tuberculosis disease site are not known, these findings should alert health care providers to maintain a high index of suspicion for extrapulmonary tuberculosis among some foreign-born groups.
Across Culture and Health Systems: America

Recognition of families with high penetrance of young-onset colorectal cancer has existed for over a century [1, 2, 3]. However, concerted efforts to define these high-penetrance diseases occurred much later [4, 5]. Once the molecular basis of hereditary colorectal cancer syndromes was elucidated, the clinical and research efforts toward identification, clinical care, and management of individuals at hereditary risk for colorectal cancer experienced an exponential growth within the last two decades.
An interactive parser generator for context-free grammars

This paper describes a parser generator that accepts arbitrary context-free grammars. It generates a parser using the Earley algorithm [1]. It enables the user to develop, edit, and test a grammar in an interactive graphical environment. This GUI visualizes both the operation of the Earley algorithm as well as the generated parse trees. The generated parsers are saved as fully-functional Java source files, ready to be incorporated into an application. These Java programs can be reloaded into the GUI for further editing of the grammar. Employing this parser generator in a sophomore-level software development course enables students to become proficient in writing a parser with two days of lecture and one assignment.
Travel insecurity in North America: the Mexico-US border.

Using the Mexico-US border, this article argues for an expanded definition of �tourist� to include those who travel to produce, and not only to consume tourist attractions. Millions of people have crossed the Mexico-US border to contribute to productivity, and much of it their productivity supports the tourist industry in the United States. With this expanded definition, the article goes on to examine what this means for both kinds of tourists�leisure tourists and work tourists. It also describes the dialectic between the two and how that dialectic relates to the world capitalist system. Mike Davis (2005) called it The Great Wall of Capital. Teddy Cruz wrote of �an imaginary line along the U.S.-Mexico border and extending it directly across a map of the world, what emerges is a political equator� (2008: 111). Wendy Brown (2010) noted that walled states coincide with a global waning of state sovereignty in which states use fences and walls instead of recognized and legitimated authority to control their borders. At the same time, travel in general and international travel in particular feed what arguably has become the largest revenue producing global industry: tourism and hospitality.
Axillary lymph node status in breast cancer staging: What patient and tumor factors affect the accuracy of ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration?

1126 Background: The purpose of the study is to evaluate the accuracy of ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (FNA) of axillary lymph nodes(ALNs) in patients with breast cancer and to determine factors that influence accuracy of ultrasound-guided FNA. Methods: Retrospective review of patients with breast cancer who had FNA of ALNs as well as sentinel lymph node excision or complete axillary dissection. Patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy were excluded. 55 axillary FNAs in 54 patients were included in the final analysis. Pathology reports were reviewed for size of the primary tumor, FNA results, number of positive ALNs, and greatest tumor size in ALNs. FNA was performed if a suspicious lymph node was identified. Surgical sentinel lymph node biopsy or full axillary dissection were the reference standard. Micrometastases (< 0.2 mm) and isolated tumor cells in the lymph node were included in the negative group. Atypical and nondiagnostic FNA results were considered negative cytologic results. S...
Abstract 288: Genomic profiling of metastatic gastric adenocarcinoma

Objectives: Metastatic gastric adenocarcinoma (mGAC) is highly resistant to therapy and is incurable. Particularly, peritoneal carcinomatosis leads to severe morbidities and short survival. The genome wide approaches have been conducted in primary GAC and have uncovered useful information. However, detailed understanding of mGAC is limited. Thus, we aimed to characterize the genomic landscape of mGAC. Methods: Thirty-four malignant ascites specimens were prospectively collected from at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (Houston, USA) from February 2016. 25 specimens had whole exome sequencing and 30 specimens had RNA sequencing. Results: The top highly mutated genes in mGAC were TP53, ATM, SYNE2, TTN, CDH11, FAT4/3, KMT2C, FGF23, NCOR1, RP1, CYP2A, and ADAMTS8/9. Compared with mutations in primary GAC (TCGA and TMUCIH), mutations in mGAC shared only 13.7% with TCGA and 10.9% with TMUCIH data. The commonly shared mutations in all three sets were TP53, ATM, FAT4, CDH1, SYNE1, PLEC, PRKDC, and ZFHX3, while unique mutations in mGAC were TTN, SYNE2, ZNF503, PUS7L, PPP2R5C, NBPF12, MROH1, IFNL1, and COL18A1. Furthermore, RNA- sequencing revealed two frequent fusions; 36.7% of samples with C15orf57-CBX3 (t(15;7)) fusion and 10% with SLC35A1-TSHZ2 (t(6;20)). We explored gene signatures in C15orf57-CBX3 fusion subgroup and C15orf57-CBX3 non-fusion subgroup. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed that C15orf57-CBX3 fusion group had enrichment of immune-response related genes, while non-fusion subgroup had enrichment of genes related to the segregation of chromatid, DNA replication, and histone exchange. The clustering analysis of RNA expression using the top 2000 genes with most median absolute deviation identified two subgroups that correlated either with C15orf57-CBX3 fusion or mutations. Conclusions: We have identified a novel genomic landscape of mGAC, such as unique mutation and fusions. Further studies are needed to gain insights into the mechanism of progression and resistance phenotype of mGAC. Citation Format: Kazuto Harada, Shumei Song, Yan Xu, Brain D. Bagewell, Melissa P. Pizzi, Jiankang Jin, Ying Wang, Ailing W. Scott, Lang Ma, Fatemeh G. Amlashi, Makoto Kobayashi, Jody V. Vykoukal, Cristina Ivan, Jeannelyn S. Estrella, Sinchita R. Chowdhuri, George A. Calin, Samir Hanash, Ju-Seog Lee, Bin Liu, Jaffer A. Ajani. Genomic profiling of metastatic gastric adenocarcinoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 288.
America’s most wanted criminals: comparing cybercriminals and traditional criminals

Reports of cybercrime have escalated over the past decade. While these crimes have increased, our understanding about the dynamics surrounding cyber offenders has not kept pace. Few studies have co...
Gene Therapy for Neuroanesthesia

Ischemic central nervous system (CNS) events during neurosurgery are potentially devastating events for patients. Currently, anesthetic management or neuroresuscitation after such injury is limited to the acute management of physiologic variables to ensure oxygenation, ventilation, and perfusion while also maintaining cerebral autoregulation. The term neuroprotection is often used interchangeably with neuroresuscitation, but is perhaps more aptly used to mean treatment prior to an ischemic CNS insult. Pathways and potential mechanisms for resuscitation after, and protection before a CNS ischemic event, have considerable overlap. However, in the near future, true neuroprotection may include delivery of prophylactic drugs, gene delivery, or other cellular manipulations prior to injury. This chapter focuses on advances in the field of gene therapy for neuroanesthesia. Potential targets for such neuroprotective therapy as well as the benefits and risks of gene delivery by viral and nonviral vectors are discussed.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Electronic Structure Analysis of (Et(4)N)(4)KAuAs(4)Te(8) and Electron Counting for the Zintl Anion Containing a Square-Planar AuTe(4) Unit.

The structure of (Et4N)4KAuAs4Te8 consists of two different cations and an AuAs4Te85- anion. The AuAs4Te85- anion can be considered in terms of two As2Te44- anions coordinating to a Au3+ cation to form a square-planar AuTe4 unit. However, molecular orbital calculations show that the Au cations of the square-planar AuTe4 units in (Et4N)4KAuAs4Te8 and other compounds are best described to be monovalent Au+. Electron-counting problems for the square-planar AuTe4 unit and its isostructural analogue TeTe4 unit are discussed.
Athletic Identity Transformation: A Qualitative Drawing Analysis of Implicit Constructions of Athletes, Girls, and the Self:

This study utilizes a drawing analysis to elicit identity constructions of two groups of youth in a large metropolitan area located in the Southwestern United States. These two groups were girls, a...
Abstract 119: Multi-Omics Investigation of Cardiomyocyte-to-Fibroblast Crosstalk in Human iPSC Models

Introduction: Cardiac cells communicate with each other in part through secreted proteins known as cardiokines. The total repertoire of proteins secreted by cardiac cells is unknown. We aim to appl...
Microfluidic Switches with Integrated Actuation for Mm-Wave Beam-Steering Arrays

Selectively metallized plates (SMPs) repositionable within microfluidic channels offer to realize reconfigurable RF devices with compact size, low-loss and high-power handling. Slow actuation speed and external micropumps currently constitute their major drawback. To address these issues, this paper for the first time introduces the concept of piezoelectric disk actuated microfluidically reconfigurable devices and applies it to mm-wave beam-steering applications. Specifically, SPST and SP4T switch designs operating at 30 GHz are summarized and experimentally verified. Subsequently, a compact 4-element 30 GHz antenna array design integrated with the SP4T switch is presented. The stand-alone SP4T switch is characterized to operate with <0.9 dB insertion loss and <18 dB isolation across 18 GHz of bandwidth. The 4-element antenna array incorporating this SP4T switch is expected to perform with 10.2 dBi realized gain at 30 GHz.
Lipid Emulsion Therapies and Type 1 Hypersensitivity Reactions: Risk Assessment and Management

Over the past decades, awareness and attention given to food allergies has extended further into the realm of pharmacotherapy. Despite the presence of similar ingredients, different intravenous lipid emulsion (ILE)-based medication products have a wide variety of warnings and contraindications for patients with food allergies. Only limited literature is available to guide clinicians in making appropriate medication therapy adjustments to reduce the risk of hypersensitivity reactions in atopic patient populations. Therefore, the authors sought to develop a comprehensive review of potential risk factors or approaches for management of patients with atopic history and need for ILE therapy. Through thorough review of available literature published worldwide, a description of potential contraindications, risk factors, and evaluation methods is presented. Although the current state of knowledge remains relatively poor, this review aims to provide clinicians a better understanding of which risk factors related to the development of hypersensitivity reactions are relevant to lipid emulsion products and how to best manage patients who may be at risk for severe reaction based on their history. Evaluating personal atopic history is essential to the development of an appropriate risk classification system and approaching an individual's therapeutic options. By applying this assessment to local populations, providers should be able to develop an institutional guideline for screening and minimizing risk of substantial hypersensitivity reactions. Finally, a brief review of methods for managing type 1 hypersensitivity reactions is provided in the event that a breakthrough reaction does occur.
White Whale: The Aquarium and Reptile House at the Turin Zoo and the Architecture of Enzo Venturelli (1955–1965)

In Enzo Venturelli’s architectural oeuvre, the relationship between his overlooked built work and his better known drawn and written production is problematic and currently under-studied. Venturelli’s design of the acquario-rettilario (aquarium and reptile house) (1958–60) for the Turin Zoo appeared midway through his career, part of the architectural milieu of the mid-1950s in which the zoo itself was conceived. This article analyses the building’s history and design within the context of Venturelli’s writings, projects, exhibitions and contacts with artists and architects between the late 1950s and early 1960s. The acquario-rettilario constitutes a significant case for reconsidering Venturelli as both a radical architectural theoretician and a practising building designer.
Neuron-specific deletion of VEGF or its receptor Flk-1 impairs recognition memory

Abstract Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF, also known as VEGF-A) is a pleiotropic factor which is expressed by neurons, astrocytes and perivascular macrophages, as well as endothelial cells, in the brain. Recently, VEGF signaling has been implicated in learning and memory, and several clinical and preclinical studies demonstrate that VEGF inhibitors induce cognitive impairment. However, the role of endogenous neuronal VEGF signaling in recognition memory remains unclear. Recently, we have developed mice with forebrain excitatory neuron-specific deletion of VEGF or its receptor, fetal liver kinase 1 (Flk-1) by crossing Camk2a-Cre mice with Vegfaflox/flox and Flk-1flox/flox mice, respectively. Using these conditional knockout mice, the present study addressed the influence of forebrain excitatory neuron-specific deletion of VEGF or Flk-1 on recognition memory in the novel object recognition test. The results show that both short-term (2 h) and long-term (24 h) recognition memory are impaired by neuron-specific deletion of either Flk-1 or VEGF. These findings indicate the physiological importance of endogenous neuronal VEGF-Flk-1 signaling in recognition memory. In addition, the current results also suggest that the impairment of neuronal VEGF-Flk-1 signaling can be a cause of anti-VEGF chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment.
Optimal Evolution of Tree-Age Distribution for a Tree Farm

We characterize here the evolution of tree age distribution under optimal forest management. The object is to maximize the discounted sum of the yield in each period, this being an increasing, concave function of the timber harvested. For a family of simple models, it is found that tree age distributions always evolve into either a ‘Faustmann uniform distribution’ or ‘Faustmann cycles’ where all trees are cut at the Faustmann age.
LPDDR4 SIPI Co-Simulation and Measurement Correlation for IOT Computer Vision Application

Simulation-measurement correlation presents unique challenges that require co-simulation between SI and PI to capture all sources of noise. A new hybrid methodology using peak distortion analysis and realistic worst case SSN was devised to enable full channel simulation including both SI and PI effects. The method was verified against lab measurements on two different designs.
Combining crystal structure prediction and simulated spectroscopy in pursuit of the unknown nitrogen phase ζ crystal structure

The structure of nitrogen phase $\ensuremath{\zeta}$ remains unknown decades after it was first observed spectroscopically, despite numerous experimental and theoretical investigations. The present computational study performs crystal structure prediction using ab initio random structure searching and density functional theory to identify candidate structures. These candidates are then analyzed for consistency with experiment in terms of their simulated x-ray diffraction patterns and Raman spectra. While none of the structures generated here is a clear match for the phase-$\ensuremath{\zeta}$ experimental data, several of the candidates do exhibit features in common with the experiments and could provide an interesting starting point for future studies. The techniques here also rule out several candidate $\ensuremath{\zeta}$ nitrogen structures that have been identified previously. Finally, one of the structures might be considered a candidate for phase $\ensuremath{\kappa}$, whose structure is also unknown.
Elastic properties of hidden order in URu 2 Si 2 are reproduced by a staggered nematic

We develop a phenomenological mean-field theory describing the hidden-order phase in $\mathrm{U}{\mathrm{Ru}}_{2}{\mathrm{Si}}_{2}$ as a nematic of the ${B}_{1g}$ representation staggered along the $c$ axis. Several experimental features are reproduced by this theory: the topology of the temperature-pressure phase diagram, the response of the elastic modulus $({C}_{11}\ensuremath{-}{C}_{12})/2$ above the transition at ambient pressure, and orthorhombic symmetry breaking in the high-pressure antiferromagnetic phase. In this scenario, hidden order is characterized by broken rotational symmetry that is modulated along the $c$ axis, the primary order of the high-pressure phase is an unmodulated nematic, and the triple point joining those two phases with the high-temperature paramagnetic phase is a Lifshitz point.
A meta-analysis comparing transaxillary and transaortic transcatheter aortic valve replacement.

The alternative access route of choice for transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) remains to be elucidated due to lack of evidences. We performed a meta‐analysis comparing the outcomes of two common alternative access routes, transaxillary (TAx) and transaortic (TAo) approaches. The PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane library from inception to December 2018 were searched to identify the articles reporting data on both TAx-TAVR and TAo-TAVR. Patients’ baseline characteristics, procedural outcomes, and clinical outcomes were extracted from the articles and pooled for analysis. Four studies, a total of 750 (374 TAo and 376 TAx) patients were included in the study. The two groups were similar in patients’ baseline characteristics, although the TAx group comprised few female patients. The two groups differ in outcomes including 30-day mortality, rates of pacemaker implant and acute kidney injury, and length of hospital stay. There were no differences between the two groups with regard to device success, paravalvular leak, stroke, vascular complications, and 1-year mortality. Compared with the TAo approach, the TAx approach is associated with favorable short-term mortality, lower incidence of acute kidney injury, and shorter length of hospital stay, but increased pacemaker requirement. TAx could be considered over TAo as the preferred alternative access for TAVR.
New Native Trap-Jaw Ant, Strumigenys Smith1, from the Neotropical Excisa Species Group Discovered in a Disjunct Region and Climate on the Colorado Plateau

In the United States are 37 endemic Strumigenys ant species belonging to a single temperate and recently radiated Nearctic clade formerly classified as Pyramica (non-trap jaw Strumigenys Smith1). We report the discovery of a new unrelated and morphologically distinct endemic Nearctic Strumigenys we described as Strumigenys superstes sp. nov. known only from a single queen collected in a pitfall trap at high altitude in northern Arizona. In comparing Strumigenys superstes sp. nov. morphology with queens of other closely related species, we showed Strumigenys superstes sp. nov. is the only temperate member of the otherwise tropical (Panamanian) clade of short-mandibled trap jaw species formerly belonging to the genus Glamyromyrmex (now forming the Strumigenys excisa species-group).
Accurate transmission of IGF-I into AKT signaling activity in individual cells

Abstract Cells sense and respond to their environment by activating distinct intracellular signaling pathways, however signal transmission in individual cells is not well understood. To assess the accuracy of signal transmission in individual cells, we developed an optimized genetically encoded sensor for IGF-I signaling. We stably expressed this sensor in HeLa cells and used live-cell imaging to monitor dynamic responses to IGF-I in individual cells. Across the population, signaling responses overlapped between different IGF-I doses, suggesting limited transmission accuracy. However, analysis of individual cell traces revealed relatively constant responses over time. An information theoretic approach to calculate the channel capacity using variance of the single cell time course data--rather than population data--predicted that cells were capable of discriminating multiple growth factor doses. We validated these predictions by tracking individual cell responses to multiple IGF-I doses and found that cells can accurately distinguish at least four different IGF-I concentrations, and also that the input-output relation varies across the population of individual cells. Furthermore, by monitoring responses to the PI3K inhibitor alpelisib we found a similar discriminatory ability to pathway inhibition. Our studies indicate that heterogeneous responses to IGF-I arise from cells encoding the growth factor input into different signaling outputs and that individual cells can accurately sense and respond to a range of stimuli of varying strengths. These observations reveal the importance of viewing each cell as having its own communication channel and underscore the importance of understanding responses at the single cell level.
Dilemmas in Managing Acute Myocardial Infarction during Covid-19 Pandemic

A 38-year-old man presented to emergency department with dizziness, dyspnea and diarrhea for 5 days. Serum lab data revealed lymphopenia and computed tomography imaging of the chest exhibited multiple ground-glass patches in bilateral lung fields. COVID-19 was suspected and further examination was done. But patient's dyspnea progressed while waiting for the result of COVID-19 examination and respiratory failure with cardiac arrest occurred eventually, acute myocardial infarction was diagnosed then. This article is aimed to discuss the dilemmas in managing acute myocardial infarction during COVID-19 pandemic.
Parametric Downconverter for Mixer-First Receiver Front Ends

In this article, we present a parametric downconverter that may be used in a mixer-first receiver front end. In such a receiver, the first mixer should offer a satisfactory low-noise figure (NF), high conversion gain (CG) to suppress the noise contribution of the next stages, and high linearity to avoid receiver saturation in the presence of interferences. Parametric mixers are known to offer parametric CG for frequency upconversion with no fundamental noise penalty due to its parametric amplification nature. This work is the first experimental demonstration of a parametric downconverter that achieves positive gain and low NF. The proof-of-concept mixer with a center input frequency of 1.9 GHz and an output frequency of 1.45GHz is designed and implemented on PCB. The mixer achieves a measured peak CG of 10 dB and a 1-dB compression point of +7 dBm. Furthermore, the fabricated mixer achieves a minimum NF of 2.8 dB over its bandwidth.
Mobile Visual Search with Word-HOG Descriptors

Visual text information is a descriptive part of many images that can be used to perform mobile visual search (MVS) with particularly small queries. In this paper, we propose a system that uses word patch descriptors for retrieving images containing visual text. A random sampling method is used to find duplicate word patches in the database and reduce the database size. The system achieves comparable retrieval performance to state-of-the-art image feature-based systems for images of book covers, and performs better than state-of-the-art text-based retrieval systems for images of book pages. Using visual text to provide distinctive features, our system achieves more than 10-to-1 query size reduction for images of book covers and more than 16-to-1 query size reduction for images of book pages.
Chromatography of human hemoglobin. Factors influencing chromatography and differentiation of similar hemoglobins.

A procedure for the chromatographic separation of human hemoglobins on Amberlite IRC-50 is reviewed. Important factors which influence the chromatographic behavior of hemoglobins with this procedure include temperature, pH and ionic concentration of developers, state of equilibrium of the resin, amount of hemoglobin, and oxidation state of the heme in the hemoglobin applied. A procedure for the comparison of hemoglobins with similar or identical chromatographic behaviors using 14C-labeled hemoglobins is presented. Differences in the chromatographic behavior of hemoglobins S and D and of the ferrihemoglobin cyanide and oxyhemoglobin forms of hemoglobin F were demonstrated by this radioactive tracer technique.
Self-locking and self-pulsing of an avalanche upconversion cavity

Summary form only given. The nonlinear response of optical cavities containing avalanche upconversion crystals has not been studied previously. Here we report characteristics of a laser cavity containing Tm/sup 3+/:LiYF/sub 4/, excited at an avalanche resonance. Self-pulsing and an interesting self-locking phenomenon are reported.
The integrated co-occurring treatment (ICT) model : A promising practice for youth with mental health and substance abuse disorders

Abstract While integrated treatment programs have been developed and researched nationally for adults with co-occurring disorders of substance abuse and mental illness, little movement has been made on developing and field testing integrated programs that address the needs of youth with co-occurring disorders. This article will present one treatment model that has been developed and piloted in Ohio. The Integrated Co-Occurring Treatment (ICT) model focuses on youth with co-occurring disorders of mental health and substance abuse who have also been involved with the juvenile justice system. To date, the use of the ICT model has resulted in positive outcomes for both the youth and their
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) for malignant brain tumors--where do we stand?

Summary Introduction What is the current status of photodynamic therapy (PDT) with regard to treating malignant brain tumors? Despite several decades of effort, PDT has yet to achieve standard of care. Purpose The questions we wish to answer are: where are we clinically with PDT, why is it not standard of care, and what is being done in clinical trials to get us there. Method Rather than a meta-analysis or comprehensive review, our review focuses on who the major research groups are, what their approaches to the problem are, and how their results compare to standard of care. Secondary questions include what the effective depth of light penetration is, and how deep can we expect to kill tumor cells. Current results A measurable degree of necrosis is seen to a depth of about 5 mm. Cavitary PDT with hematoporphyrin derivative (HpD) results are encouraging, but need an adequate Phase III trial. Talaporfin with cavitary light application appears promising, although only a small case series has been reported. Foscan for fluorescence guided resection (FGR) plus intraoperative cavitary PDT results were improved over controls, but are poor compared to other groups. 5-Aminolevulinic acid-FGR plus postop cavitary HpD PDT show improvement over controls, but the comparison to standard of care is still poor. Conclusion Continued research in PDT will determine whether the advances shown will mitigate morbidity and mortality, but certainly the potential for this modality to revolutionize the treatment of brain tumors remains. The various uses for PDT in clinical practice should be pursued.
EXPERIENCES WITH CHILDHOOD TRAUMA AMONG FIRST-TIME ADOLESCENT AND YOUNG ADULT MOTHERS: RISK FACTOR FOR SUBSEQUENT PREGNANCY WITHIN TWELVE MONTHS

The current study had two objectives: (1) to document the rates of rapid subsequent pregnancy among first-time adolescent and young adult mothers and (2) to assess how experiences with childhood trauma may be associated with rapid subsequent pregnancy. First-time adolescent and young adult mothers (N=118) were interviewed during the prenatal period and when their baby was 6 and 12 months of age via home visits. Overall, 18% of the first-time adolescent and young adult mothers experienced a subsequent pregnancy within 12 months. Mothers who had a rapid subsequent pregnancy were more likely to have experienced childhood trauma than mothers who did not have a rapid subsequent pregnancy. These findings suggest the prenatal period offers a critical opportunity for health care providers to identify individual mental health needs of pregnant women and initiate appropriate supports.
A Review of Neutron Transport Approximations

Numerical methods for solving the integrodifferential, integral, and surface-integral forms of the neutron transport equation are reviewed. The solution methods are shown to evolve from only a few ...
Association of Lymphoid Malignancies and Philadelphia-Chromosome Negative Myeloproliferative Neoplasms: Clinical Characteristics, Therapy and Outcome

The co-occurrence of myeloproliferative and lymphoproliferative neoplasms (MPN/LPN) has been reported, mostly in case reports. The aim of this study was to assess the characteristics and clinical course of the coexistent diseases. Among 9866 patients who presented to our institution from 1960 to 2014, 34 (0.3%) were diagnosed with MPN/LPN. LPN was diagnosed first in 16 patients, second in 15, and at the same time in 3. The time to secondary malignancy was longer when LPN was diagnosed first (119 vs 98 months). Myelofibrosis (41%), polycythemia vera (24%), and essential thrombocythemia (18%) were the most common MPNs, and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (50%) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (32%) were the most common LPNs. Seventy-three percent of patients treated for MPN and 72% of those treated for LPN achieved a complete response. After a median follow-up from MPN diagnosis of 84 months, 16 patients are alive and 18 died (4 related to MPN and 2 LPN). Coexistent MPN/LPN is a rare event that does not appear to predict worse outcomes. Treatment choice is generally oriented towards controlling the prevalent disease; the other malignancy may influence treatment strategies in selected cases.
Nonacquiescence in Immigration Decisions of the U.S. Courts of Appeals

Perhaps at no other time is the conflict between administrative agencies and courts placed in starker terms than in instances of nonacquiescence. In general, nonacquiescence refers to an agency's refusal to follow a U.S. court of appeals precedent in subsequent factually similar cases arising within ("intracircuit") or outside ("intercircuit") the circuit which produced the adverse ruling. A nonacquiescence policy reflects a tension between an agency's mandate to achieve uniformity and expediency in its administrative adjudications and the court's obligation to safeguard equally the rights of litigants and nonlitigants. These basic issues have been the subject of considerable academic1 and legislative2 attention. To date, however, there has been no examination in academic circles of the policy and practice of nonacquiescence by the Immigration and Naturalization Service ("INS" or the "Service"). Such an explication is warranted for three reasons. First, as suggested above, scarce resource allocation and fundamental fairness are competing interests in nonacquiescence. Such concerns intensify where administrative agencies face heavy adjudicative burdens; the sheer number of actual and potential litigants ensures that nonacquiescence will impact many lives.3 During fiscal year 1990, some 87 immigration judges adjudicated 105,768 of the 112,314 deportation cases received, 13,795 of the 14,633 exclusion cases
Kinetics of mast cell, basophil, and oral food challenge responses in omalizumab-treated adults with peanut allergy

Background Monoclonal antibodies directed at IgE demonstrate clinical efficacy in subjects with peanut allergy, but previous studies have not addressed the kinetics of the clinical response or the role of mast cells and basophils in the food-induced allergic response. Objective We sought to determine the kinetics of the clinical response to omalizumab and whether clinical improvement is associated with either mast cell or basophil suppression. Methods Subjects with peanut allergy were treated with omalizumab for 6 months and assessed for clinical and cellular responses. At baseline, subjects had a double-blind, placebo-controlled oral food challenge (OFC), skin prick test titration (SPTT), and basophil histamine release (BHR) to peanut. BHR was repeated at week 2 and then weekly until it decreased to less than 20% of baseline values. The OFCs and SPTTs were repeated after the BHR reduction (or at week 8 if BHR did not decrease) and again at 6 months. Results Fourteen subjects enrolled in the study. At the second food challenge, there was a significant increase in the threshold dose of peanut inducing allergic symptoms (80 to 6500 mg, P Conclusions The clinical response to omalizumab occurs early in treatment when the basophil, but not the mast cell, is suppressed, supporting a role for the basophil in acute food reactions.
Aging, gender and widowhood: Perspectives from rural West Bengal

This paper explores widowhood in rural West Bengal from the perspective of age. Although widowhood in India has grabbed the attention of scholars and social reformers for a good century now,1the focus of this attention has been (usually without explicitly acknowledg ing it) on women widowed at a relatively young age. Debates over widow remarriage, the perceived dangers of a widow's sexuality, a young widow's anomalous childlessness etc., all—it turns out—have to do largely with the social and economic concerns surround ing young widows. For the many women widowed in late life, the social expectations and dilemmas faced are significantly different. Scrutinising such differences not only helps us understand widowhood in India better, but sheds valuable light on local constructions of gender, sexuality and age.
Diuraphis noxia (Homoptera: Aphididae) Population Dynamics and Impact of Natural Enemies in the Montpellier Region of Southern France

In a 2-yr field survey in the Montpellier region of southern France, mean density of Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko) (Homoptera: Aphididae) varied greatly within and among fields and sample dates. Peak densities in the spring were from 70 ± 17 to 532 ± 143 aphids per square meter, which is 40–100 times lower than reported in the United States. Spatial variation in D. noxia density was strong at the scale of tillers and 1-m2 quadrats. Predator density and parasitism varied greatly among fields and sample dates. At the scales of fields and 1-m2 quadrats, predator density correlated positively with D. noxia density. When D. noxia population growth rate over each sample interval in each field was regressed stepwise on plant maturity, rainfall, temperature, and the densities of D. noxia , parasitoids, and predators, the only variable included in the regression model was predator density. D. noxia population growth rate declined with predator density, suggesting that predators limited D. noxia abundance.
Primer Preactivation of Peptidoglycan Polymerases

Peptidoglycan glycosyltransferases are highly conserved bacterial enzymes that catalyze glycan strand polymerization to build the cell wall. Because the cell wall is essential for bacterial cell survival, these glycosyltransferases are potential antibiotic targets, but a detailed understanding of their mechanisms is lacking. Here we show that a synthetic peptidoglycan fragment that mimics the elongating polymer chain activates peptidoglycan glycosyltransferases by bypassing the rate-limiting initiation step.
Predicting is difficult, especially about the future: human resources in the new millennium

Abstract The author suggests that there are two possible futures for human resources management in the new millennium. The first is that human resources will become much more important to organizations. In this future human resources plays a critical role in both daily and long-term decision making. This future is occurring now in some organizations. The second possible future is that human resources as we have known it will disappear, being replaced by outsourcing and technology. This future also has already occurred in some organizations. The assumption that human resources will be any different in the future than it is today (or has been in the past) is based on some significant trends in the US. Suggestions for addressing issues of the future are offered and the author describes his hope for what human resources will look like in the new millennium.
An abnormal digital rectal examination is an independent predictor of Gleason≥7 prostate cancer in men undergoing initial prostate biopsy : a prospective study of 790 men

OBJECTIVE To evaluate our experience with a referral population of 790 patients undergoing initial prostate biopsy in the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) era, to assess the role of a digital rectal examination (DRE) in predicting the outcome of prostate needle biopsy (PNB) and to evaluate if DRE findings were associated with cancer grade. PATIENTS AND METHODS We analysed 790 consecutive men who had an initial PNB from September 1999 to July 2005 by one urologist (C.P.). All data were collected in a prospective database. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine the relationship between an abnormal DRE and the presence of cancer and cancer grade on PNB. RESULTS An abnormal DRE was an independent predictor for prostate cancer on multivariate analysis (odds ratio 2.18, 95% confidence interval 1.53–3.10, P < 0.001). In all patients biopsied, an abnormal DRE was associated with a Gleason sum of ≥ 7 on multivariate analysis (odds ratio 3.39, 2.07–5.53, P = 0.001). CONCLUSION A DRE is a useful and important tool to use when assessing patients for a PNB. An abnormal DRE independently predicted high-grade disease in these men. These results might have important implications in the prediction of men with other than indolent prostate cancer.
Miniature swept source for point of care Optical Frequency Domain Imaging

Point of care (POC) medical technologies require portable, small, robust instrumentation for practical implementation. In their current embodiment, optical frequency domain imaging (OFDI) systems employ large form-factor wavelength-swept lasers, making them impractical in the POC environment. Here, we describe a first step toward a POC OFDI system by demonstrating a miniaturized swept-wavelength source. The laser is based on a tunable optical filter using a reflection grating and a miniature resonant scanning mirror. The laser achieves 75 nm of bandwidth centered at 1340 nm, a 0.24 nm instantaneous line width, a 15.3 kHz repetition rate with 12 mW peak output power, and a 30.4 kHz A-line rate when utilizing forward and backward sweeps. The entire laser system is approximately the size of a deck of cards and can operate on battery power for at least one hour.
Study of thymidylate synthetase-function by laser Raman spectroscopy

Abstract The Laser-Raman spectra of thymidylate synthetase have been obtained with 488 nm excitation from an argon ion laser. Raman bands observed in the range 600–800 cm −1 have been assigned to functional groups of constituent amino acids. The band positions and intensities in the Amide I (1600–1700 cm −1 ) and Amide III (1200–1300 cm −1 ) regions, suggest that the enzyme is a mixture of α-helical and unordered conformations. Low levels of β-structure cannot be excluded. The spectra of the ternary complex formed by reacting thymidylate synthetase with (+)- l -methylenetetrahydrofolate and fluorodeoxyuridylate reveals a new band at 1618 cm −1 assigned to the CN stretching vibration. This band may be due to formation of dihydrofolate or an iminium ion. The overall secondary structure of thymidylate synthetase does not change on formation of the ternary complex. However, the spectrum of the complex indicates local changes in groups such as ionized carboxyl (1400 cm −1 ), tryptophan (1003 cm −1 ) and CH 3 , CH 2 deformation modes (1440–1470 cm −1 ).
DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING IN PEDIATRIC AIDS

The manifestations of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) in children are mainly secondary to opportunistic infection, lymphoproliferative diseases, and AIDS-related neoplasms. This article reviews the pathologic findings of various disorders afflicting children with AIDS and emphasizes the imaging of these disorders. Although many of the radiologic findings are not specific for a particular infection or neoplasm, the differential diagnostic possibilities for an abnormality can be narrowed down significantly with proper clinical correlation and knowledge of the imaging findings and pathologies specific to children with AIDS.
Retinal Waves Drive Calcium Transients in Undifferentiated Retinal Cells. Focus on “Spontaneous Waves in the Ventricular Zone of Developing Mammalian Retina”

There is growing evidence that even before synapses form, spontaneous calcium transients can influence many aspects of neurodevelopment ([Spitzer 2002][1]). These early spontaneous calcium transients can be patterned both temporally as periodic oscillations and spatially as propagating waves or as
An approach to understanding habitat dynamics of flatfishes: Advantages of biotelemetry

The northeast United States continental shelf waters, and other coastal areas throughout the world, experience great annual temperature ranges. In response, coastal fishes, including flatfishes, make extensive migrations that are roughly delineated by the seasonal progression of tolerable isotherms. In addition to changing adult distribution, migrations affect the placement of progeny relative to highly dynamic oceanographic features with a potential for strong consequence to their recruitment success. Annual and interannual migration patterns are poorly understood for even some of the most ecologically and economically important species. In part, this is due to a lack of understanding of the variation in individual movement, whether migrants respond as a single population or as multiple contingents. The ability to monitor individual residency and movement is desirable for understanding coastal population structure. As a result of the above, our long-term goals are to determine (1) the patterns of timing, extent, and rates of migration, and (2) how these patterns are influenced by natural and anthropogenic variables. Acoustic telemetry technology is now available to track individual fish, both passively and actively, and thus effectively address these goals.
Regulation and Gating of mAno1 by Voltage and Calcium

Ca-activated chloride channels play important roles in epithelial secretion, regulation of vascular tone, control of membrane excitability, olfactory transduction, and photoreception. Recently, Ano1 (TMEM16a) has been identified as a Ca2+-activated chloride channel. Activation of Ano1 exhibits both Ca2+- and voltage- dependence. However, the structures and mechanisms responsible for Ca2+- and voltage-dependent activation remain unknown. mAno1 exhibits a strong outward rectification at +100 mV). In the presence of Ca2+, the G-V relations were well fit with the Boltzmann equation. V1/2 was 73 mV at 10 μM intracellular free Ca2+. Increasing Ca2+ shifted the G-V relation to the left. We mutated the putative Ca2+ binding site by deleting the last glutamate of the cluster plus the 3 trailing amino acids (del448EAVK451), substituting the first four glutamates with alanines (444EEEE/AAAA447), and substituting of each negatively charged amino acid with alanine. These mutations altered both voltage-dependent and Ca2+-dependent gating of the channel in complex ways that are consistent with this region being an integral component of Ca2+ dependent gating of the channel.
Root diseases, weeds, and nematodes with poultry litter and conservation tillage in a sweet corn–snap bean double crop

Abstract The effect of continuous applications of poultry litter on root diseases, nematodes, and weeds with different tillage practices in vegetable production in Georgia was investigated. Litter treatments (noncomposted and composted broiler or breeder litter) applied 3–5 weeks before planting were compared with no litter. In sweet corn and snap bean there were differences among years, and tillage and litter treatments had a variable effect on yield, post-emergence damping-off and plant stand. Crown and brace root rot in corn induced by Rhizoctonia solani AG 2-2 increased after 3 years conservation tillage, but there were no differences among litter treatments. Population densities of R. solani AG-4 were increased by conservation tillage before planting snap bean the first year but not in later years, while litter treatments had no effect. After 3 years, populations of Pythium spp., Fusarium solani, and Fusarium spp. did not differ among treatments, but noncomposted broiler litter increased populations of saprophytic fungi in soil compared with no litter. Population densities of stylet-bearing nematodes were low and usually not different among treatments. After 3 years of sweet corn populations of Meloidogyne incognita increased with conventional tillage compared with conservation tillage, populations of Paratrichodorus christiei were reduced by litter treatments and populations of Helicotylenchus dihystera were reduced by noncomposted broiler litter compared with no litter. Weed infestation increased in both tillage systems with time, but in snap bean there was a greater infestation in conservation tillage than in conventional tillage. Litter treatments had little effect on weed infestation.
Sympathetic nerve activity after discrete hypothalamic injections of L-glutamate.

In these experiments l -glutamate, an amino acid which stimulates neuronal discharge, was microinjected into several hypothalamic nuclei and the resultant changes in electrical firing rate of sympathetic nerves innervating interscapular brown adipose tissue (IBAT) were measured. Three patterns of response were seen. A single large stimulatory response was seen when l -glutamate was microinjected into the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH). Microinjection of l -glutamate into the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) produced a predominantly stimulatory response which was of smaller magnitude than the VMN. However in three animals l -glutamate in the PVN decreased firing rate and in one animal a biphasic response was observed. The second pattern was a decrease in sympathetic activity to IBAT which was the predominant pattern following injection of l -glutamate into the dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH). However, a biphasic pattern was also observed. Injection of l -glutamate into the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) produced 3 patterns of response; an increas, a decrease; or a biphasic response in nearly equal numbers of animals. The predominant response to l -glutamate in the preoptic area (POA) was biphasic. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that the VMH is the predominant stimulatory site for activation of the sympathetic nervous system to IBAT in the rat. The DMH and LHA appear to be the predominant inhibitory areas.