cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Structure from linear or planar motions

We recently demonstrated a new approach to multiframe structure from motion from point features which, in the appropriate domain, provably reconstructs structure and motion correctly. The algorithm works for general motion and large perspective effects. In this paper, we describe how to adapt our approach to translational motion lying along a line or in a plane, with arbitrary rotations. An analysis of the bas-relief effect for multiple-motion sequences is also presented.
Sunlamp use and the risk of cutaneous malignant melanoma: a population-based case-control study in Connecticut, USA

Results Of all study subjects, 141 (23%) cases and 95 (19%) controls reported ever having used sunlamps. The crude odds ratio (OR) for developing malignant melanoma after ever having used sunlamps was 1.30 (95% confidence interval [CI] : 0.971.74). This was reduced to 1.13 (95% CI : 0.82-1.54) after further adjusting for cutaneous phenotype and recreational sun exposure. Those who used more than one type of sunlamp had a threefold higher risk for melanoma compared to never users. Subgroup analyses showed that sunlamp use was associated with a greater increase in risk for melanoma among those who used sunlamps at home and those who were first exposed to sunlamps prior to 1971. The first use of sunlamps before the age of 25 showed somewhat higher risk for melanoma compared to first use later in life. Conclusion The current study provides limited evidence that use of sunlamps increases the risk of melanoma. For future studies, it is crucial that type of sunlamp, year of first use and amount of exposure are all taken into account. The association between melanoma and tanning with both UV-A and UV-B lamps and tanning under sunlamps early in life merits further investigation.
Kinetic studies of the photoinduced formation of transition metal–dinitrogen complexes using time-resolved infrared and UV–vis spectroscopy

Abstract Previous kinetic studies of photoinitiated transition metal–dinitrogen bond forming reactions are reviewed, with an emphasis on room temperature reactivity, and in particular, the techniques of time-resolved infrared (TRIR) spectroscopy and UV–vis flash photolysis. Our recent results on the reactivity of the formally 16-electron, but agostically stabilized, complex, mer,trans-W(CO)3(PCy3)2 (W) (Cy = cyclohexyl) toward N2 in toluene and n-hexane solution are then discussed. Laser flash photolysis of a toluene solution of W-N2 in the presence of excess N2 resulted in the photoejection of N2. The back reaction of W with N2 was followed by monitoring the decay of the transient absorption of W at 600 nm. The second-order rate constant for the reaction of N2 with W in toluene to generate W–N2 was found to be (3.0 ± 0.2) × 105 M−1 s−1. The rate of the reverse reaction was found to be 100 ± 10 s−1, allowing an estimation of the equilibrium constant, K N 2 = ( 3.0 ± 0.5 ) × 10 3 M − 1 . Time-resolved step-scan FTIR (s2-FTIR) spectroscopy was also used to spectroscopically characterize the W intermediate and monitor its back-reaction with N2 in n-hexane solution. The rate of formation of W–N2 measured by s2-FTIR agreed well with that measured by flash photolysis. Finally, density functional theory (DFT) calculations have been performed on the model complexes, mer,trans-W(CO)3(PH3)2(L) (L = none and N2) in order to understand the observed IR and UV–vis spectra of W and W–N2 and to determine the nature of the frontier molecular orbitals of W and W–N2, allowing their lowest energy excited states to be assigned.
Warm Cloud Electricity in a Shallow Axisyminetric Cloud Model

Abstract An axisymmetric warm cloud model (Takahashi, 1975b), modified in both the calculation scheme and diffusion term, is used to investigate the development of electricity in a warm cloud. The study focuses on four electric charge separation mechanisms: 1) the ion-drop interaction under an electric field; 2) the competitional attachment of small ions to drops by the mobility difference between positive and negative small ions; 3) the polarization effect when drops collide and rebound under an electric field., and 4) the ion-drop interaction during drop condensation and evaporation. Comparison with observed data supports the conclusion that ion-drop interaction during drop condensation and evaporation is the major electric charge separation mechanism in warm clouds. The investigation stresses the importance of drizzle and raindrop formation near the cloud top for both the development of rain and electric charge separation.
A low-current linearity sweet spot in HFET'S

Planar doped HFET's exhibit a narrow bias region of low intermodulation distortion, a linearity sweet spot, at low drain current levels. The bias condition associated with this sweet spot is shown to be near the low-current inflection point of the transconductance versus gate voltage characteristic. It is also shown that the bias condition for the sweet spot can be controlled in dual-gate HFET's. This feature in the HFET characteristics can be exploited to design low-power front-end MMIC's with better intercept points for applications in wireless communications. >
Parametric fault model for RTD based threshold logic gates

One of major implementations of Linear Threshold Gate (LTG) is via resonant tunneling diodes (RTD). The functionality of this threshold logic gate greatly depends on the parameters of the RTD and parametric faults impact its functionality. A suitable fault model for Combinational Threshold Logic gates is presented. A methodology is also developed to generate test patterns that detect these parametric faults.
Teratogenesis: A Review of the Basic Principles with a Discussion of Selected Agents: Part III

Before a woman realizes she is pregnant, a large amount of development has occurred in the embryo. If she consumes a drug during her pregnancy, the possibility exists that the drug could harm the fetus. The most important variable is timing, with the fetus showing the highest degree of susceptibility during the first trimester of gestation.This article presents data on the relative time a pregnancy test becomes positive as compared to fetal development; passage of drugs across the placenta; placental and fetal drug metabolism; and the availability of teratogenic information to health professionals. Teratogenic effects of specific substances or classes of substances are discussed, including alcohol, analgesics, antibiotics, anticoagulants, anticonvulsants, antithyroid/thyroid drugs, various environmental agents, and paternal drug exposure.
QUANTUM YIELDS AND KINETICS OF THE PHOTOBLEACHING OF HEMATOPORPHYRIN, PHOTOFRIN II, TETRA(4-SULFONATOPHENYL)-PORPHINE AND UROPORPHYRIN

Porphyrins used as sensitizers for the photodynamic therapy (PDT) of tumors are progressively destroyed (photobleached) during illumination. If the porphyrin bleaches too rapidly, tumor destruction will not be complete. However, with appropriate sensitizer dosages and bleaching rates, irreversible photodynamic injury to the normal tissues surrounding the tumor, which retain less sensitizer, may be significantly decreased. This paper surveys the quantum yields and kinetics of the photobleaching of four porphyrins: hematoporphyrin (HP), Photofrin II (PF II), tetra(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphine (TSPP) and uroporphyrin I (URO). The initial quantum yields of photobleaching, as measured in pH 7.4 phosphate buffer in air, were: 4.7 x 10(-5), 5.4 x 10(-5), 9.8 x 10(-6), and 2.8 x 10(-5) for HP, PF II, TSPP and URO respectively; thus, the rates of photobleaching are rather slow. Low oxygen concentration (2 microM) significantly reduced the photobleaching yields. However, D2O increased the yields only slightly, and the singlet oxygen quencher, azide, had no effect, even at 0.1 M. Photosensitizing porphyrins in body fluids, cells and tissues may be closely associated with various photooxidizable molecules and electron acceptors and donors. Therefore, selected model compounds in these categories were examined for their effects on porphyrin photobleaching. A number inhibited and/or accelerated photobleaching, depending on the compound, the porphyrin and the reaction conditions. For example, 1.0 mM furfuryl alcohol increased the photobleaching yields of HP and URO more than 5-fold, with little effect on PF II or TSPP. In contrast, the electron acceptor, methyl viologen, increased the photobleaching yield of TSPP more than 10-fold, with little accelerating effect on the other porphyrins. These results suggest that the mechanism(s) of the photobleaching of porphyrin photosensitizers in cells and tissues during PDT may be complex.
MRI abnormalities of the hippocampus and cavum septi pellucidi in females with schizotypal personality disorder

Objective This study examined MRI hippocampal volume and cavum septi pellucidi (CSP) in female subjects with schizotypal personality disorder (SPD) and comparison subjects.
Measurements of left ventricular wall thickness and systolic thickening by M mode echocardiography: interobserver and intrapatient variability.

We examined interobserver and intrapatient variations in M mode echocardiographic measurements of diastolic and systolic interventricular septal and left ventricular posterior wall thickness and in the calculated percent systolic thickening of both walls. Diastolic measurements were made at the onset of the P wave and at the peak of the R wave of the simultaneously recorded electrocardiograms. In 20 normal subjects and six hypertensive patients, we compared measurements by two independent observers. There was a good correlation between the two observers in measurements of diastolic septal and posterior wall thickness (r > .90), whether or not the thickness was measured before the P wave or at the peak of the R wave. The systolic thickness measurements also correlated well (r > .80). However, the percent of systolic septal and posterior wall thickening as calculated by the two observers varied greatly (r > .60). In 10 normal subjects and the 6 hypertensive patients, two echocardiograms recorded on different days under similar conditions were measured by the same observer. There was a poor correlation in measurements of septal and posterior wall thickness and percent thickening. These data indicate that serial M mode echocardiographic determinations of ventricular wall thickness and percent thickening may show considerable variation because of resolution and definition problems and may be unreliable for quantifying changes in these measures produced by medical or surgical interventions.
Consequences of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Children

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) has various negative health and behavioral consequences in the pediatric population. As shown in adults, there are metabolic derangements such as obesity, insulin sensitivity, dyslipidemia, and metabolic syndrome, as well as cardiovascular derangements like hypertension, chronic inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, ventricular size/function abnormalities, and even elevated pulmonary arterial pressures, that can be seen in children with OSAS. The first two sections will discuss the metabolic and cardiovascular consequences on OSAS in children. The last section summarizes selected studies and reviews on the behavioral, neurocognitive and academic consequences of OSAS in children.
Prediction of In Vivo Clearance and Associated Variability of CYP2C19 Substrates by Genotypes in Populations Utilizing a Pharmacogenetics-Based Mechanistic Model

It is important to examine the cytochrome P450 2C19 (CYP2C19) genetic contribution to drug disposition and responses of CYP2C19 substrates during drug development. Design of such clinical trials requires projection of genotype-dependent in vivo clearance and associated variabilities of the investigational drug, which is not generally available during early stages of drug development, but is essential for CYP2C19 substrates with multiple clearance pathways. This study evaluated the utility of pharmacogenetics-based mechanistic modeling in predicting such parameters. Hepatic CYP2C19 activity and variability within genotypes were derived from in vitro S-mephenytoin metabolic activity in genotyped human liver microsomes (N = 128). These data were then used in mechanistic models to predict genotype-dependent disposition of CYP2C19 substrates (i.e., S-mephenytoin, citalopram, pantoprazole, and voriconazole) by incorporating in vivo clearance or pharmacokinetics of wild-type subjects and parameters of other clearance pathways. Relative to the wild-type, the CYP2C19 abundance (coefficient of variation percentage) in CYP2C19*17/*17, *1/*17, *1/*1, *17/null, *1/null, and null/null microsomes was estimated as 1.85 (117%), 1.79 (155%), 1.00 (138%), 0.83 (80%), 0.38 (130%), and 0 (0%), respectively. The subsequent modeling and simulations predicted, within 2-fold of the observed, the means and variabilities of urinary S/R-mephenytoin ratio (36 of 37 genetic groups), the oral clearance of citalopram (9 of 9 genetic groups) and pantoprazole (6 of 6 genetic groups), and voriconazole oral clearance (4 of 4 genetic groups). Thus, relative CYP2C19 genotype-dependent hepatic activity and variability were quantified in vitro and used in a mechanistic model to predict pharmacokinetic variability, thus allowing the design of pharmacogenetics and drug-drug interaction trials for CYP2C19 substrates.
Quantitative, noninvasive, in vivo longitudinal monitoring of gene expression in the brain by co-AAV transduction with a PET reporter gene

In vivo imaging of vector transgene expression would be particularly valuable for repetitive monitoring of therapy in the brain, where invasive tissue sampling is contraindicated. We evaluated adeno-associated virus vector expression of a dopamine-2 receptor (D2R) mutant (D2R80A) by positron emission tomography in the brains of mice and cats. D2R80A is inactivated for intracellular signaling and binds subphysiologic amounts of the radioactive [18F]-fallypride analog of dopamine. The [18F]-fallypride signal bound to D2R80A in the injection site was normalized to the signal from endogenous D2R in the striatum and showed stable levels of expression within individual animals. A separate adeno-associated virus type 1 vector with identical gene expression control elements, expressing green fluorescent protein or a therapeutic gene, was coinjected with the D2R80A vector at equal doses into specific sites. Both transgenes had similar levels of gene expression by immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, and quantitative PCR assays, demonstrating that D2R80A is a faithful surrogate measure for expression of a gene of interest. This dual vector approach allows the D2R80A gene to be used with any therapeutic gene and to be injected into a single site for monitoring while the therapeutic gene can be distributed more widely as needed in each disease.
Laparoscopic diverticulectomy: preliminary report of a new approach for the treatment of bladder diverticulum.

AbstractLaparoscopic techniques have expanded the possibilities of endo-surgically approaching urological abnormalities that would otherwise be managed via an open operation. We report on another useful application of the laparoscope, bladder diverticulectomy. A large bladder diverticulum, responsible for incomplete bladder emptying and recurrent urinary tract infections in an 87-year-old man, was successfully excised endoscopically. The technique and possible future indications are described.
The MacCulloch Field: improving reservoir characterization through time-lapse analysis

The MacCulloch oil field lies in Block 15/24b in the UK Central North Sea. The field is produced using a floating production storage and offtake facility from two sub-sea centres and has been on production since 1997. The original geophysical mapping of the field was based on 3D seismic data acquired in 1993. In April 2002, a repeat 3D survey was acquired over the field with the aim of better understanding the depletion of the field using time-lapse seismic analysis. The MacCulloch Field reservoirs are turbidites of the Upper Balmoral Sandstone Unit in the Lista Formation of the Upper Paleocene, which are connected to a large aquifer in the underlying Lower Balmoral Sandstone Unit. Connection to such a large aquifer means that pressure support over field life has been very good ( The MacCulloch Field reservoir is made up of five discrete turbidite sandstone-dominated sand bodies, which can be distinguished on the seismic data. Examination of the time-lapse response in these bodies shows that they have acted as a primary control on the depletion of the field. The individual bodies have been analysed using 3D visualization and interpretation techniques, and incorporated into the geological model with differing rock properties assigned to each. Within the reservoir simulation model, the assignment of directional permeabilities to these units and the placing of transmissibility barriers at their boundaries substantially improved the history match of the field, thereby enhancing our ability to predict future performance and identify possible infill drilling locations.
Comparison of distance and near visual acuity in patients with vision loss due to cataract

The purpose of this study was to assess whether there is a disparity in distance and near best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in cataract eyes. 102 patients with cataract (N = 121 eyes) were seen in clinic between January and November 2013 at the Wilmer Eye Institute Comprehensive Eye Service. An age-related macular degeneration (ARMD) group (N = 27 eyes) was also identified for comparison. Distance and near BCVA were measured as part of the standard ophthalmic evaluation. Snellen measurements were converted to their LogMAR equivalents for statistical analysis. Near was better than distance BCVA with mean difference of 1.38 lines (P < 0.001) in the cataract eyes. This disparity was not seen in the ARMD eyes. Near–distance BCVA disparity is a statistically significant finding seen with cataracts. This may have further implications in patients with both cataract and ARMD as the presence of disparity may suggest a cataract etiology playing a greater role in vision loss. This comparison may be useful for surgical prognostication and as a quick triage tool in conjunction with, or in place of, a potential acuity meter and dilated near-pinhole test.
The effect of miscellaneous invasive procedures on subsequent total knee arthroplasty.

Abstract Invasive orthopedic procedures were performed on 112 joints that underwent total condylar knee arthroplasty between November 1975 and February 1987. These knees were divided into six categories based on the most traumatic surgical procedure the patients had experienced. The six classifications were total knee arthroplasty, proximal tibial osteotomy, fracture fixation, patellectomy, arthroscopy, and debridement. Each group of knees was compared with the 579 primary arthroplasties performed during the same time period. The only group in which results were significantly less favorable than those of the virgin joints was the previous total arthroplasty category. All other surgical classification groups had knee scores, radiolucency frequencies, and ranges of motion comparable with those of the primary replacement surgeries. When surgical techniques are modified to insure proper soft tissue alignment, patients who have undergone previous invasive procedures on their knees can expect highly favorable results from total joint arthroplasty.
Management of Extensively Destroyed Ureter: Special Reference to Renal Autotransplantation

AbstractRenal autotransplantation has been attempted 6 times in 4 patients for the correction of extensive ureteral disease. Indications in these patients included trauma secondary to ureterolithotomy and spinal fusion, and failed supravesical diversionary procedures. Included in our report is the first case of autotransplantation associated with ureterosigmoidostomy. Renal autotransplantation is an effective method to restore or preserve renal function in patients with extensive ureteral damage or disease. However, the procedure should not be considered in poor risk patients with good contralateral renal function or in patients in whom standard reparative procedures are possible. The hazard is real of vascular spasm, poor perfusion and ultimate autograft failure in kidneys with advanced chronic pyelonephritis and/or inflammation involving the renal pedicle. Autotransplantation should be considered only as a last resort in such patients.
Slice sampling on Hamiltonian trajectories

Hamiltonian Monte Carlo and slice sampling are amongst the most widely used and studied classes of Markov Chain Monte Carlo samplers. We connect these two methods and present Hamiltonian slice sampling, which allows slice sampling to be carried out along Hamiltonian trajectories, or transformations thereof. Hamiltonian slice sampling clarifies a class of model priors that induce closed-form slice samplers. More pragmatically, inheriting properties of slice samplers, it offers advantages over Hamiltonian Monte Carlo, in that it has fewer tunable hyperparameters and does not require gradient information. We demonstrate the utility of Hamiltonian slice sampling out of the box on problems ranging from Gaussian process regression to Pitman-Yor based mixture models.
Targeting β2-Microglobulin for Induction of Tumor Apoptosis in Human Hematological Malignancies.

We discovered that monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) specific to human β 2 -microglobulin (β 2 M) induce programmed death of myeloma and other hematological tumor cells. The mAbs exhibited potent in vitro tumoricidal activity on all 14 β 2 M/HLA-ABC-bearing myeloma, lymphoma, and leukemia cell lines and primary myeloma cells isolated from eight patients. Cell death occurred rapidly, without the need for exogenous immunological effector mechanisms. Although the expression of β 2 M on normal hematopoietic cells is a potential safety concern, the mAbs seem to be selective to tumor-transformed cells and did not induce apoptosis of normal cells, including T and B lymphocytes and CD34 + bone marrow stem cells. Furthermore, the mAbs were able to selectively kill myeloma cells without damaging normal stromal cells in their cocultures. After binding to cell surface, the mAbs mediated internalization and down-modulation of surface β 2 M and HLA-ABC molecules. The mAbs induced cell death via inhibiting PI3K/Akt and ERK, activating JNK, upregulating Bad and Bax protein expression, inducing phosphorylation of Bcl-2, and decreasing phosphorylation of Bad, all of which compromised mitochondrial integrity, leading to cytochrome c release into cytosol and activation of the caspase-9-dependent cascade. Inhibitors to pan-caspases or caspase-9, but not to caspase-8, or to JNK, and knockdown of surface β 2 M and HLA-ABC expression by β 2 M-specific siRNA, but not control siRNA, abrogated apoptosis of tumor cells induced by the mAbs. Furthermore, anti-β 2 M mAbs were also active and therapeutic in vivo; After administration subcutaneous or intraperitoneal, the mAbs substantially reduced tumor burdens and retarded tumor growth in SCID mice subcutaneously implanted with human myeloma cell lines ARP-1 or MM.1S. Therefore, such mAbs offer the potential for a novel therapeutic approach to hematological malignancies and possibly to other cancers that express surface β 2 M. This study also suggests that differential expression of β 2 M/MHC class I molecules by normal and cancer cells might be a crucial point in the sensitivity and selectivity of anti-β 2 M mAb-induced apoptosis.
O36-5 Violence in our schools: student-related aggression and injury to faculty and staff in minnesota, united states

Background Student-perpetrated injury to staff in the educational services sector is a particular and growing concern. Studies have focused on teachers, but much less is known about injuries to other employee groups, particularly educational assistants. Additionally, the type of interaction with students that results in injury is not well-documented. Objectives Identify rates, consequences, and risk factors for student-related injury among faculty and staff in school districts. Methods This study utilised workers’ compensation data to identify incidence and severity of student-related injury to employees and potential risk factors in 138 school districts in Minnesota over a seven year period. School district and employee demographics, injury characteristics, and potential risk factors were extracted from the data. Employee jobs were broken down into faculty, custodial, food service, educational assistant, special education assistant, transportation, and clerical. Adjusted injury rates and multivariate analysis for identification of risk factors were conducted using negative binomial regression, rate ratios (RR), and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Additionally, text of injury claim characteristics were analysed, grouped by student interactions that resulted in injury (e.g. acting-out, lifting, restraining, etc.) and compiled in descriptive tables. Results Twenty-five percent of all injuries were student-related and fifteen percent resulted in lost work-time. Special and general education assistants experienced the greatest rates and significantly increased risk of injury compared to faculty members. (RR = 6.0, CI = 5.05–7.15; RR = 2.07 CI = 1.40–3.07). Risk also differed based on age, gender, and school district type. Text analyses revealed students acting-out resulted in the highest frequency (45.4%) of student-related injury, whereas staff playing along resulted in the highest percentage of lost-time injury (17.7%). Conclusion Student-related injury to faculty and staff occurs frequently in schools and can be severe. Education assistants bear the largest burden of injury. However, many student-related injuries were not aggressive in nature, based on information from text analyses.
Arthroscopic Repair of Isolated Subscapularis Tears: A Systematic Review of Technique-Specific Outcomes.

Purpose To systematically review the literature to identify all studies reporting outcomes of arthroscopically repaired isolated subscapularis tears, to (1) report outcomes across all repair techniques, (2) compare outcomes by arthroscopic technique, and (3) highlight the frequency and management of associated long head of biceps pathology, and the influence of these concomitant procedures on outcomes following arthroscopic subscapularis repair. Methods A systematic literature review was conducted using the MEDLINE, Embase, and Scopus databases with the following term: ("isolated repair" AND "arthroscopic subscapularis tear"). Only studies evaluating the techniques and outcomes of isolated subscapularis repair were included. Data were extracted, including patient characteristics, surgical technique, and outcomes. Descriptive analysis was provided for the available literature. Results Eight studies were included in this review. Uniformly, improvements in patient-reported outcome scores were substantial after arthroscopic subscapularis repair. Constant Total scores improved in each individual study from preoperative to postoperative (range, Δ18.8-Δ49.8 points), as did Strength (range, Δ1.3-Δ13.7 points), Pain (range, Δ7.6-Δ8.9 points), Range of Motion (range, Δ7.3-Δ13.3 points), and Activities of Daily Living (range, Δ8.7-Δ10.2 points) subscores. Significant improvements were seen in most individual studies for belly-press (Δ21.6 N or Δ1.9 out of 5) and lift-off strength (Δ24.3 N or Δ1.7-Δ1.9 out of 5), range of motion in forward flexion (29.1°-37.0°), external rotation (10.3°-16.0°), and internal rotation. Complications were relatively infrequent overall, with 5 studies reporting no complications, and the remaining 3 studies with rerupture rates between 4.8% and 11.8%. Studies that used only double-row repair reported fewer complications (0% vs 5%-10%) and better outcome scores than single-row repair, similar to those studies that uniformly performed biceps tenodesis compared with no biceps intervention. Conclusions This descriptive study highlights that arthroscopic subscapularis repair appears to be a reasonable option for the treatment of isolated tears of the subscapularis to obtain successful functional and patient-reported clinical outcomes. Its findings also pose the question of whether future prospective, comparative studies will find double-row surgical fixation and concomitant biceps tenodesis surgery to be superior to single-row fixation and leaving the biceps alone. Level of Evidence Level IV, systematic review of Level IV studies.
Older adults report more sadness and less jealousy than young adults in response to worry induction.

The present study examined age differences in descriptions of the experience of worry and worry content. Twenty-eight older and 25 younger adults participated in an experimental manipulation of worry (i.e. 5-minute worry induction). Participants identified their three main worries and completed an emotion checklist before and after the induction. After the induction, younger adults endorsed feeling fearful, impatient, and irritated, whereas older adults endorsed feeling tense or worrying. Older adults were more likely than younger adults to report feeling sad (χ2(53) = 7.52, p = .01), whereas younger adults were marginally more likely to report feeling jealous (χ2(53) = 4.34, p = .05). With regards to worry content, older adults worried more about community/world affairs (χ2 = 6.59, p = .01), whereas younger adults worried more about school (χ2 = 17.61, p Following a worry induction, older and younger adults endorsed a wide variety of negative affect beyond the typical emotions associated with worry. Greater sadness experienced by older compared with younger adults highlights the importance of considering negative affect states, particularly depression, when working with older adult worriers.
Thomas Jefferson, Nature's God, and the Theological Foundations of Natural-Rights Republicanism

While the role of theology in Jefferson's political thought and its implications for how we should understand the role of “Nature's God” in grounding natural-rights republicanism are topics of ongoing scholarly interest, scholars have missed important continuities between Jefferson's natural-law theory and that of classical, theistic natural-law. Many scholars who have considered Jefferson in this light have emphasized Jefferson's discontinuity and even subversion of that tradition. In critical dialogue with this vein of scholarship, we argue that Jefferson espouses a creational metaphysics and a natural-law theory of morality that has surprising continuities with classical natural-law. We seek to shed new light on Jefferson's theory of the moral sense and his the earth belongs to the living principle, which we contend encapsulates his theistic understanding of equality and property.
Control of Diffusions via Linear Programming

This chapter presents an approach that leverages linear programming to approximate optimal policies for controlled diffusion processes, possibly with high-dimensional state and action spaces. The approach fits a linear combination of basis functions to the dynamic programming value function; the resulting approximation guides control decisions. Linear programming is used here to compute basis function weights. This builds on the linear programming approach to approximate dynamic programming, previously developed in the context of discrete-time stochastic control.
Relative deployment rates of renewable and nuclear power: A cautionary tale of two metrics

Abstract Which can more quickly displace fossil-fueled electricity generation—nuclear power or modern renewables? Contrary to a persistent myth based on erroneous methods, global data show that renewable electricity adds output and saves carbon faster than nuclear power does or ever has. However, some literature asserts the contrary, based on a peculiar per-capita metric—perhaps useful for comparing countries but not technologies —applied to selected countries while ignoring others with the opposite outcome. Further flaws include cherrypicked and incomplete data, restrictive redefinitions, inconsistent comparisons, and omitted institutional lead times and dry-hole risks. Careful dissection of the reasons for contradictory results (even within the same paper) from absolute and per-capita metrics of growth in carbon-free electricity generation reveals the need for care in calculating and assessing claims about which technologies can and do deploy most quickly.
Muver, a computational framework for accurately calling accumulated mutations.

Identification of mutations from next-generation sequencing data typically requires a balance between sensitivity and accuracy. This is particularly true of DNA insertions and deletions (indels), that can impart significant phenotypic consequences on cells but are harder to call than substitution mutations from whole genome mutation accumulation experiments. To overcome these difficulties, we present muver, a computational framework that integrates established bioinformatics tools with novel analytical methods to generate mutation calls with the extremely low false positive rates and high sensitivity required for accurate mutation rate determination and comparison. Muver uses statistical comparison of ancestral and descendant allelic frequencies to identify variant loci and assigns genotypes with models that include per-sample assessments of sequencing errors by mutation type and repeat context. Muver identifies maximally parsimonious mutation pathways that connect these genotypes, differentiating potential allelic conversion events and delineating ambiguities in mutation location, type, and size. Benchmarking with a human gold standard father-son pair demonstrates muver’s sensitivity and low false positive rates. In DNA mismatch repair (MMR) deficient Saccharomyces cerevisiae, muver detects multi-base deletions in homopolymers longer than the replicative polymerase footprint at rates greater than predicted for sequential single-base deletions, implying a novel multi-repeat-unit slippage mechanism. Benchmarking results demonstrate the high accuracy and sensitivity achieved with muver, particularly for indels, relative to available tools. Applied to an MMR-deficient Saccharomyces cerevisiae system, muver mutation calls facilitate mechanistic insights into DNA replication fidelity.
FOURIER SERIES WITH ELEMENTARY COEFFICIENTS REPRESENTING HIGHER FUNCTIONS

This chapter presents certain equations of Fourier series with elementary coefficients representing higher functions. It presents equations that involve the Jacobian elliptic functions am( z, k), sn(z, k), cn(z, k), dn(z, k), and zn(z, k). The parameter k is omitted in these formulas. The chapter also presents the Jacobian theta functions.
Structural analysis reveals pathomechanisms associated with pseudoxanthoma elasticum-causing mutations in the ABCC6 transporter.

Mutations in ABC subfamily C member 6 (ABCC6) transporter are associated with pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE), a disease resulting in ectopic mineralization and affecting multiple tissues. A growing number of mutations have been identified in individuals with PXE. For most of these variants, no mechanistic information is available regarding their role in normal and pathophysiologies. To assess how PXE-associated mutations alter ABCC6 biosynthesis and structure, we biophysically and biochemically evaluated the N-terminal nucleotide-binding domain. A high-resolution X-ray structure of nucleotide-binding domain 1 (NBD1) of human ABCC6 was obtained at 2.3 A that provided a template on which to evaluate PXE-causing mutations. Biochemical analysis of mutations in this domain indicated that multiple PXE-causing mutations altered its structural properties. Analyses of the full-length protein revealed a strong correlation between the alterations in NBD properties and the processing and expression of ABCC6. These results suggest that a significant fraction of PXE-associated mutations located in NBD1 causes changes in its structural properties and that these mutation-induced alterations directly affect the maturation of the full-length ABCC6 protein.
Convolutional Neural Network for Short-term Solar Panel Output Prediction

The volatility of cloud movement introduced a large amount of uncertainty in short-term solar power prediction, which complicates modern power grid's operation. This work employs a specialized CNN model SUNSET, that utilizes both sky images and solar panel output history as input to predict 15-minute ahead solar panel generation. On a full year database, the model achieves 26.2% forecast skill on the sunny test set, and 16.1% forecast skill on the cloudy dataset. Both sky images and PV output history are shown to be pivotal model input, and two minutes is shown to be a suitable sampling frequency for this application.
A boost towards totipotency for stem cells.

Embryonic stem cells derived from the inner cell mass can differentiate to all embryonic lineages of any adult cell type and to a limited extent to extra-embryonic tissues. A study now allows the generation of pig and human stem cells with enhanced differentiation potential towards all embryonic and extra-embryonic fates, one step closer to the totipotent state of the fertilized egg.
Generation of magnetoelectric photocurrents using toroidal resonances: a new class of infrared plasmonic photodetectors.

The detection of photons by plasmonic subwavelength devices underpins spectroscopy, low-power wavelength division multiplexing for short-distance optical communication, imaging, and time-gated distance measurements. In this work, we demonstrate infrared light-sensing using toroidal dipole-resonant plasmonic multipixel meta-atoms. As a key factor, the toroidal dipolar mode is an extremely localized electromagnetic excitation independent of the conventional multipoles. The exquisite behavior of this mode enables significant enhancements in the localized electromagnetic field and absorption cross-section, which boost the field confinement at the metal–dielectric interfaces. The proposed novel approach offers an advanced photodetection of the incident light based on substantial confinement of electromagnetic fields in a tiny spot, giving rise to the generation of hot carriers and a large photocurrent. Using both n- and p-type silicon (Si) substrates, we exploited the free-carrier absorption advantage of p-type Si to devise a high-responsivity device. Our findings show an unprecedented performance for infrared plasmonic photodetectors with low noises, high detectivity and remarkable internal quantum efficiency (IQE). Moreover, the tailored photodetection device provides a significant linear dynamic range of 46 dB and a fast operation speed. Our narrowband infrared light sensing photodevice offers a promising approach for further research studies over the optoelectronic and plasmonic tools and paves a viable route for low-dimensional photonic systems.
Stability of Differences in Weight-Related Characteristics of Mothers Across Economic, Cultural, Social, and Environmental-Health Indicators of Socioeconomic Status

This study explored the differences in weight-related characteristics when socioeconomic status (SES) was assessed by economic, cultural, social, and environmental-health capital individually and as a composite with the goal of determining the stability of differences across types of capital and to ascertain whether single or a combination of capital indicators of SES should be used in nutrition and public health studies. Mothers (n = 557) of young children completed a survey assessing capital and weight-related characteristics. Mothers with higher economic, cultural, and social capital and composite SES had fewer sugar-sweetened beverage servings, fewer meals in front of the TV, more food security, and greater neighborhood space/supports for physical activity than comparators. Few differences occurred among environmental-health capital groups. Composite SES performed similarly to individual economic, cultural, and social capital measures. Findings suggest single SES indicators may be sufficiently stable to capture differences in weight-related characteristics. Each capital type captures a unique aspect of SES; thus, assessing an array of capital types could advance understanding of SES aspects on weight-related characteristics.
Microclimate–forage growth linkages across two strongly contrasting precipitation years in a Mediterranean catchment

Author(s): Devine, SM; O'Geen, AT; Larsen, RE; Dahlke, HE; Liu, H; Jin, Y; Dahlgren, RA | Abstract: Given the complex topography of California rangelands, contrasting microclimates affect forage growth at catchment scales. However, documentation of microclimate–forage growth associations is limited, especially in Mediterranean regions experiencing pronounced climate change impacts. To better understand microclimate–forage growth linkages, we monitored forage productivity and root-zone soil temperature and moisture (0–15 and 15–30ncm) in 16 topographic positions in a 10-ha annual grassland catchment in California's Central Coast Range. Data were collected through two strongly contrasting growing seasons, a wet year (2016–17) with 287-mm precipitation and a dry year (2017–18) with 123-mm precipitation. Plant-available soil water storage (0–30ncm) was more than half full for most of the wet year; mean peak standing forage was 2790nkgnha−1 (range: 1597–4570nkgnha−1). The dry year had restricted plant-available water and mean peak standing forage was reduced to 970nkgnha−1 (range: 462–1496nkgnha−1). In the wet year, forage growth appeared energy limited (light and temperature): warmer sites produced more forage across a 3–4°C soil temperature gradient but late season growth was associated with moister sites spanning this energy gradient. In the dry year, the warmest topographic positions produced limited forage across a 10°C soil temperature gradient until late season rainfall in March. Linear models accounting for interactions between soil moisture and temperature explained about half of rapid, springtime forage growth variance. These findings reveal dynamic but clear microclimate–forage growth linkages in complex terrain, and thus, have implications for rangeland drought monitoring and dryland ecosystems modeling under climate change.
Inhibition of BCL2 family members increases the efficacy of copper chelation in BRAFV600E-driven melanoma

The principal unmet need in BRAFV600E-positive melanoma is lack of an adequate therapeutic strategy capable of overcoming resistance to clinically approved targeted therapies against oncogenic BRAF and/or the downstream MEK1/2 kinases. We previously discovered that copper (Cu) is required for MEK1 and MEK2 activity through a direct Cu–MEK1/2 interaction. Repurposing the clinical Cu chelator tetrathiomolybdate (TTM) is supported by efficacy in BRAFV600E-driven melanoma models, due in part to inhibition of MEK1/2 kinase activity. However, the antineoplastic activity of Cu chelators is cytostatic. Here, we performed high-throughput small-molecule screens to identify bioactive compounds that synergize with TTM in BRAFV600E-driven melanoma cells. Genetic perturbation or pharmacologic inhibition of specific members of the BCL2 family of antiapoptotic proteins (BCL-W, BCL-XL, and MCL1) selectively reduced cell viability when combined with a Cu chelator and induced CASPASE-dependent cell death. Further, in BRAFV600E-positive melanoma cells evolved to be resistant to BRAF and/or MEK1/2 inhibitors, combined treatment with TTM and the clinically evaluated BCL2 inhibitor, ABT-263, restored tumor growth suppression and induced apoptosis. These findings further support Cu chelation as a therapeutic strategy to target oncogene-dependent tumor cell growth and survival by enhancing Cu chelator efficacy with chemical inducers of apoptosis, especially in the context of refractory or relapsed BRAFV600E-driven melanoma. Significance: This study unveils a novel collateral drug sensitivity elicited by combining copper chelators and BH3 mimetics for treatment of BRAFV600E mutation-positive melanoma.
The Relationship Between Shoulder Range of Motion and Arm Stress in College Pitchers: A MOTUS Baseball Study:

Objectives:Overuse injuries in overhead athletes are becoming more prevalent, with an unclear relationship between shoulder biomechanics and medial elbow symptoms and injury. The purpose of this st...
TRANSCATHETER MITRAL VALVE REPAIR WITH MITRACLIP IN PATIENTS WITH ATRIAL FUNCTIONAL MITRAL REGURGITATION: RESULTS FROM A SINGLE CENTER REGISTRY

Atrial functional mitral regurgitation (AFMR) is an incompletely understood entity with unclear guidelines for management. We investigated the baseline and procedural characteristics of patients with AFMR undergoing MitraClip. We performed a retrospective analysis on 264 patients undergoing
Psychosocial Correlates of Binge Eating

Binge eating, defined as the consumption of an objectively large amount of food accompanied by a sense of loss of control (LOC) while eating, is a transdiagnostic feature of eating disorders and often presents outside the context of full syndrome eating disorder diagnoses. Individuals with binge eating often report lower levels of psychosocial functioning than those who do not endorse binge eating. This chapter provides a comprehensive review of the existing literature on the relation between binge eating and psychosocial functioning in youth and adults, including cross-sectional, longitudinal, and momentary studies. Overall, the evidence suggests that individuals who endorse binge eating also experience higher levels of psychiatric comorbidity, lower quality of life, and increased internalizing and externalizing symptoms than the general population. Additionally, in some cases, the relation between binge eating and psychosocial impairment may be bidirectional in nature. This evidence underscores the importance of addressing psychosocial impairment in the context of binge eating treatment, as well as the need to assess binge eating symptoms among individuals with heightened psychosocial impairment in clinical settings.
Model-driven analysis of mutant fitness experiments improves genome-scale metabolic models of Zymomonas mobilis ZM4

Genome-scale metabolic models have been utilized extensively in the study and engineering of the organisms they describe. Here we present the analysis of a published dataset from pooled transposon mutant fitness experiments as an approach for improving the accuracy and gene-reaction associations of a metabolic model for Zymomonas mobilis ZM4, an industrially relevant ethanologenic organism with extremely high glycolytic flux and low biomass yield. Gene essentiality predictions made by the draft model were compared to data from individual pooled mutant experiments to identify areas of the model requiring deeper validation. Subsequent experiments showed that some of the discrepancies between the model and dataset were caused by polar effects, mis-mapped barcodes, or mutants carrying both wild-type and transposon disrupted gene copies-highlighting potential limitations inherent to data from individual mutants in these high-throughput datasets. Therefore, we analyzed correlations in fitness scores across all 492 experiments in the dataset in the context of functionally related metabolic reaction modules identified within the model via flux coupling analysis. These correlations were used to identify candidate genes for a reaction in histidine biosynthesis lacking an annotated gene and highlight metabolic modules with poorly correlated gene fitness scores. Additional genes for reactions involved in biotin, ubiquinone, and pyridoxine biosynthesis in Z. mobilis were identified and confirmed using mutant complementation experiments. These discovered genes, were incorporated into the final model, iZM4_478, which contains 747 metabolic and transport reactions (of which 612 have gene-protein-reaction associations), 478 genes, and 616 unique metabolites, making it one of the most complete models of Z. mobilis ZM4 to date. The methods of analysis that we applied here with the Z. mobilis transposon mutant dataset, could easily be utilized to improve future genome-scale metabolic reconstructions for organisms where these, or similar, high-throughput datasets are available.