cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Recent Research in Applied Studio Instruction: Practice Time and Strategies

In his 2002 chapter, Systematic Research in Studio Instruction in Music Richard Kennell reviewed and summarized major research efforts for the applied studio setting. Over the past decade, a renewed interest in the applied studio has become apparent in a line of investigative inquiry pursued by researchers. The purpose of this second paper, in what has now become a three-part series, is to highlight recent research in the area of practice across an international platform. Kennell (2002) reviews research from within several broad categories: the roles of student and teacher, their behaviors, their interactions, and evaluation. Research undertaken in the 21st century can still be grouped loosely into these categories, which for the purposes of this series have been clustered into three papers. The first paper (Parkes, 2009) examines characteristics of the applied setting (Burwell, 2006; Colprit, 2000; Duke, 1999/2000; Duke & Simmons, 2006; Fredrickson, 2007; Gaunt, 2008; Kurkul, 2007; Laukka, 2004; Mills & Smith, 2003), . The current paper will focus on the use of practice in the applied studio (Barry & Hallam, 2002; Byo & Cassidy, 2008; Jorgensen, 2002; Jorgensen & Lehmann, 1997; Kostka, 2002; Lehmann, Slodoba, & Woody, 2007; Madsen, 2004; Maynard, 2006; Miksza, 2006; Nielsen, 2001 and 2008). The third, and final paper, is planned to examine a third cluster of research in the use of evaluation in the applied studio (Bergee, 2003; Bergee & Cecconi-Roberts, 2002; Oberlander, 2000; Author, 2006, 2008a, 2008b) . Additionally, several authors (Bennett & Stanberg, 2006; Jorgensen, 2000; Parncutt, 2007; Sinsabaugh, 2007) have recently highlighted a more collaborative approach to the current modus operandi of the applied studio and there has been particular interest (Author, 2009a; Wexler, 2008) in the dual roles that applied teachers undertake as performers and teachers which will be explored in the third paper in this series. The current paper will examine recent research regarding the use of practice time and practice strategies in the setting of the studios of applied teachers and recommendations for future research will be discussed.
RESPONSES OF INSTITUTIONAL INVESTORS TO CORPORATE SOCIAL PERFORMANCE MEASURES.

This study represents a first attempt to empirically examine the impact of data relating to corporate social performance (CSP) on institutional ownership. Findings, though not statistically significant, are consistent with the hypothesis that institutional investors increase ownership when CSP data are positive and, minimally, do not decrease investment. Additionally, although fewer institutions invest in the on-average smaller and more highly-leveraged firms in the socially responsible group, institutions invest in about the same percent of overall equity, suggesting that they may be making some sort of risk trade-off.
Monoliths of semiconducting block copolymers by magnetic alignment.

Achieving highly ordered and aligned assemblies of organic semiconductors is a persistent challenge for improving the performance of organic electronics. This is an acute problem in macromolecular systems where slow kinetics and long-range disorder prevail, thus making the fabrication of high-performance large-area semiconducting polymer films a nontrivial venture. Here, we demonstrate that the anisotropic nature of semiconducting chromophores can be effectively leveraged to yield hierarchically ordered materials that can be readily macroscopically aligned. An n-type mesogen was synthesized based on a perylene diimide (PDI) rigid core coupled to an imidazole headgroup via an alkyl spacer. Supramolecular assembly between the imidazole and acrylic acid units on a poly(styrene-b-acrylic acid) block copolymer yielded self-assembled hexagonally ordered polystyrene cylinders within a smectic A mesophase of the PDI mesogen and poly(acrylic acid). We show that magnetic fields can be used to control the alignment ...
Effects of pelleting diets without or with distillers’ dried grains with solubles on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and gastrointestinal weights of growing–finishing barrows and gilts

Pigs (192 total) were blocked by age and stratified by initial BW (25.75 ± 2.29 kg) into pens (2 barrows and 2 gilts per pen). Within blocks, pens were randomly allotted to treatments in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement, with 2 diet forms (meal vs. pellet) and 2 distillers' dried grains with solubles (DDGS) inclusion levels (0 vs. 30%). Pigs were weighed at the beginning of the experiment and at the end of each feeding phase (d 35, 70, and 91) and daily feed allotments were recorded. Pigs were slaughtered at the end of the 91-d experiment, and full gastrointestinal (GI) tract and GI tract component weights were recorded immediately following evisceration. Carcass characteristics and meat quality were determined after a 24-h chill. Overall ADG was increased ( < 0.01) 3.2% when pigs were fed pelleted diets rather than meal diets, but there was no effect ( = 0.46) of DDGS inclusion on overall ADG. Overall ADFI of meal-fed pigs fed 30% DDGS was 4.7% greater ( < 0.01) than that of pigs fed 0% DDGS in meal form, but overall ADFI did not differ ( ≥ 0.19) between DDGS inclusion level in pellet-fed pigs (diet form × DDGS inclusion, < 0.01). When fed meal diets, pigs fed 0% DDGS had 2.7% greater ( = 0.02) overall G:F than pigs fed 30% DDGS; however, there was no difference ( = 0.42) in overall G:F between DDGS inclusion levels in pigs fed pelleted diets (diet form × DDGS inclusion, < 0.03). Pigs fed pelleted diets had 2.9% heavier HCW ( = 0.01), 10.4% greater 10th-rib back fat ( = 0.01), and 1.8 percentage units less estimated lean percentage ( = 0.04) than meal-fed pigs. Full GI tracts of pigs fed pelleted diets were 0.33 percentage units less ( = 0.03) of the ending live weight than that of meal-fed pigs due to decreased ( < 0.01) GI tract contents. Inclusion of DDGS increased ( = 0.03) full GI tract weight, large intestine weight ( < 0.01), and GI tract contents ( = 0.02). Severity of parakeratosis of the pars esophagea was greater ( < 0.01) in pellet-fed pigs than in meal-fed pigs, but the magnitude of the difference was likely not great enough to negatively affect drop credit of stomachs. In conclusion, feeding pelleted diets improved growth performance and increased carcass weight and fatness without causing the development of gastric lesions that would reduce the value of the stomach to packers. Furthermore, inclusion of DDGS in diets reduced HCW and dressing percent and increased GI tract and GI tract contents weight but had no effect on gastric lesion development or LM quality.
Structural Changes upon Dehydration of Amorphous Calcium Carbonate

Amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) is a common transient precursor to biogenic crystalline calcium carbonate, but factors controlling the amorphous to crystalline transformation remain unclear. We present a structural analysis and comparison of hydrated and partially dehydrated, synthetic ACC samples. Thermogravimetric analysis showed total H2O losses of 46% with heating to 115 °C and 75% for heating to 150 °C. The 1H NMR spectra of hydrous ACC, obtained both directly and indirectly, via 13C-detection, contain signals from four principal hydrogen environments: translationally rigid structural H2O, a restrictedly mobile H2O environment, fluidlike mobile H2O that is decoupled from rigid H and C, and hydroxyl. The retention of some restrictedly mobile H2O and lack of change in X-ray total scattering and absorption spectroscopy data for dehydrated ACC suggest that thermal dehydration does not significantly disrupt the calcium-rich ACC framework. NMR results and thermal analyses of samples dehydrated isothermal...
Characteristics of other infectious diarrhea in Guangdong Province,2013

Objective To analyze epidemic characteristics of reported other infectious diarrhea( other than cholera,dysentery,typhoid and paratyphoid) in Guangdong Province in 2013 so as to provide evidence for preventing and controlling the disease. Methods Epidemiological and pathogenic data of reported cases of other infectious diarrhea were collected from the Infectious Disease Report Information System in China Information System for Disease Prevention and Control from January 1 to December 31,2013.Outbreak data were collected from the Public Health Emergency Management of Information System. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed. Results A total of 166 274 other infectious diarrhea cases were reported in Guangdong Province in 2013 with an annual incidence rate of 156. 95 /100 000. The cases were distributed across the twenty-one cities in Guangdong. The top five cities by cases were Shenzhen( 41 111cases),Guangzhou( 18 900),Meizhou( 11 386),Jiangmen( 10 704),and Dongguan( 10 691),whose cases accounted for 55. 81% of the total cases of the province. The cases peaked in January, October, November, and December, accounting for 59. 83% of the reported cases( 99 485 /166 274). There were 98 356 males and 67 918 females and the male to female sex ratio was 1.45∶ 1. The children in the age group between 0 and 4 year-old were the main population with infectious diarrhea( 130 424 cases,78. 44% of the total cases). The cases were mainly scattered children( 130 274 cases,78. 35%). Nineteen outbreaks were reported and all caused by norovirus. There were 76 264 laboratory-confirmed cases accounted for 45. 86% of the cases reported and 59 844 confirmed cases have reported the test results,including 58 241 viral cases( 97. 32% of the total cases) and 1 525 bacterial cases( 2. 55%). The main pathogen of viral diarrhea was rotavirus( 95. 73%,55 756 /58 241). The main pathogen of bacterial diarrhea was Salmonella accounting for 81. 11% of the bacterial cases( 1 237 /1 525). Conclusion The incidence peak of other infectious diarrhea appeared in autumn and winter in Guangdong Province in 2013. The scattered children under 5 years were the high risk group of the infectious diarrhea.All the outbreaks were caused by norovirus. Rotavirus was the main pathogen of the viral diarrhea and Salmonella,the main one of the bacterial diarrhea.
A Benign Cardiac Growth but Not So Indolent

Cardiac lipomatous hypertrophy is a rare benign condition that usually involves the interatrial septum. Due to its benign nature it rarely requires intervention. Its presence outside the interatrial septum is reported infrequently. We present a case of lipomatous hypertrophy in the intraventricular septum that was complicated by a severe, symptomatic, and disabling dynamic left ventricular outflow tract obstruction. The symptoms significantly improved following the excision of the mass. In our case transthoracic echocardiogram was used to visualize the mass and measure the severity of the obstruction; Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging was used to characterize the mass and histopathology confirmed the diagnosis.
Toward a Critical Theory: Max Horkheimer

I contrasted Ernst Bloch’s concrete philosophical attempt to appropriate Marx creatively through the notions of concrete phantasy, labor, and the futurity of the present with the Critical Theory of Max Horkheimer. Since my concern was with Bloch, for purposes of exposition I did not treat the nuances in Horkheimer’s text. I now want to show that Horkheimer’s writings as well as the influence exercised through his self-declared ‘dictatorship of the director’ are more probing than they first appeared; the result is a concept of Critical Theory that is a research program with practical implications. Looking first at Horkheimer’s own explicit program will make clear that he fits clearly into the search for the Marxian legacy. However, as his project deepened philosophically, its socio-political concerns widened in the dark days of exile and war; the reflections that Horkheimer published in 1942 under the laconic title ‘Authoritarian State’ mark a turning point in his debate attempt to appropriate Marx for Critical Theory. The path toward pessimism opened; the vision of revolutionary politics dimmed before it disappeared.
Analysis of chiral chromatographic separations by molecular modeling

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the different types of modeling techniques that have been applied to the analysis of chiral discrimination in chromatography. The methods described involve an atomistic view of the molecules involved; however the modeling techniques themselves are very different from one another. One type of modeling involves the correlation of molecular descriptors with chromatographic retention times. These types of models define quantitative structure property relationships (QSPR) in the area of chromatography are referred as quantitative structure–enantioselectivity relationships (QSERR). Molecular descriptors and graph theoretical descriptors can be used effectively to derive such relationships and when done properly, one can derive mathematical models that are predictive and allow the modeler to be involved in computer-aided molecular design (CAMD). In this respect, a related type of modeling, using comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) was introduced and in a tutorial manner shown how it can be used for understanding chiral recognition and for CAMD. The future of computational chemistry, in the area of separation science is very promising, if, rigorous application of existing theories is implemented by the modeler. In that regard, the QSERR models that are derived must be validated on an external test set, separate from the training set of compounds used to derive those models.
Improving DRAM Bandwidth Utilization with MLP-Aware OS Paging

Optimal use of available memory bank-level parallelism and channel bandwidth heavily impacts the performance of an application. Research studies have focused on improving bandwidth utilization by employing scheduling policies and request re-ordering techniques at the memory controller. However, potential to extract memory performance by intelligent page allocation that maximizes opportunity for bank-level parallelism and row buffer hits is often overlooked. The actual physical page location in memory has a huge impact on bank conflicts and potential for prioritizing low-latency requests such as row buffer hits. We demonstrate that with more intelligent virtual to physical paging mechanisms it is possible to reduce bank conflicts at the memory and achieve higher bandwidth utilization. Such intelligent paging mechanisms can then form a basis for other request re-ordering techniques to further improve memory performance. In this study we only focus on virtual-to-physical paging techniques and demonstrate 38.4% improvement on DRAM bandwidth utilization with a profile-based scheme. We study a wide variety of workloads from varied benchmark suites. We present results for profile based as well as preliminary results for dynamically adaptive paging techniques. Our results demonstrate improved bandwidth utilization with DRAM aware page layouts. Dynamic paging schemes further demonstrate the potential of run-time adaptive techniques in improving bandwidth utilization of increasingly parallel multi-channel main memory systems.
Beginning Partnerships with Communities

Upon completion of Chapter 3: Beginning Partnerships with Communities, the student will be able to:
Adjuvant Melanoma Therapy — Head-Spinning Progress

Every year in the United States, approximately 87,000 patients receive the diagnosis of melanoma. Although most of these patients are cured with simple excision, those with node-positive, stage III melanoma are at increased risk for distant metastasis and death. To date, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved three adjuvant therapies for such patients, all of which are immunotherapies: high-dose interferon alfa-2b, pegylated interferon alfa, and high-dose ipilimumab (10 mg per kilogram of body weight).1-3 Concerns about the marginal efficacy of these drugs (especially the interferon-based agents) and considerable toxicity (all three drugs) have limited their use. Therefore, the . . .
Unsteady velocity measurements of model-scale supersonic exhaust jets in military-relevant configurations:

Of the utmost importance is the need to better understand the high temperature, high velocity flow fields generated by military tactical aircraft during “run up” and take-off that gives rise to ext...
READING BY THE DISCONNECTED RIGHT HEMISPHERE: AN APHASIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE

Summary I. Classical clinical neurology rarely recognizes any reading ability in the right hemisphere (RH) of right handed adults. In particular, the syndrome of alexia without agraphia highlights the failure of the RH to read when the left angular gyrus is disconnected from visual stimuli. I suggest that the disconnection account of alexia without agraphia is inadequate. Following cerebral commissurotomy (split brain), the disconnected RHs seem mute but may have some capacity for phonological encoding as shown by recognition of pictures with homonymous or rhyming names. But the extent of phonological encoding in these RHs is insufficient to translate orthography into sound during RH reading. II. Such phonological encoding can also be preserved in acquired expressive aphasia in the absence of naming. Reading in the disconnected hemispheres of two complete commissurotomy patients and in the isolated hemispheres of three hemispherectomy patients was assessed with reading subtests from common aphasia batteries. The results show a pattern of reading in the disconnected RHs that is consistent with the hypothesis that the RH supports reading in many alexic aphasics. In particular, the disconnected RHs seem to read words “ideographically”, without intermediate translation of orthography into sound. III. Reading without phonological recoding, as well as a preponderance of semantic errors in RH misreadings, both suggest that the RH is particularly likely to support reading in cases of acquired “deep dyslexia”. Clinical testing of alexia should incorporate tasks requiring pointing to multiple choice pictures rather than speech responses, in the manner used for RH testing. IV. Together with data from reading following hemispherectomy and from hemifield studies in normal subjects, the split brain results suggest that interhemispheric interaction with the LH facilitates the involvement of the normal RH in reading beyond what is apparent in the disconnected RH. Congenital failure of such interhemispheric interaction may result in certain forms of developmental dyslexia.
Sequence of Cleavages in Temporary Inhibitors: Porcine Inhibitor Form II and Bovine Isoinhibitors A and C

Since the detailed description of the results which I am going to present will appear in the Journal of Biological Chemistry [1, 2], I will limit the details to those that are absolutely necessary to understand the conclusions. Two interdependent parts will be presented, the first deals with the secretory porcine inhibitor, form II [1], the second with the secretory bovine isoinhibitors, particularly, isoinhibitors A and C [2].
Dialysis in Special Clinical Situations: Anesthesia

The number of patients with chronic renal failure who undergo surgery is not likely to decrease in the near future. In the United States, for example, there have been notable demographic trends in the end stage renal disease patient population over the past several years that will ensure a continued need for surgical interventions. Not only has the size of the population grown, but the number and complexity of complications among patients with end stage renal disease has also grown. This is in large part due to the fact that increasingly greater proportions of patients with end stage renal disease are older and have diabetes (1). As a result of these trends, the need for surgery in patients with chronic renal failure is unlikely to diminish any time soon
β-Secretase — A Target for Alzheimer’s Disease

The cerebral deposition of amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) is an early and critical feature in both familial and sporadic forms of Alzheimer’s disease. Aβ is released from the amyloid precursor protein (APP) by the sequential action of two proteases, β-secretase and γ-secretase, and these proteases are prime targets for therapeutic intervention. We have recently cloned a novel aspartic protease, BACE1, with all the known properties of the elusive β-secretase. This article summarizes the initial identifiication of BACE1 and describes the analysis of posttranslational modifications. The crystal structure of BACE1 is reviewed and the BACE1 knockout mice that we recently generated are described. The pros and cons of BACE1 inhibition as a therapeutic strategy for familial and sporadic Alzheimer’s disease are discussed.
PROPERTIES OF HIGH AND LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT PHOSPHOMANNOSE RECEPTORS FROM BOVINE LIVER AND TESTIS

ABSTRACT Two families of glycoprotein receptors that recognize mannose 6-phosphate residues carried on the oligosaccharide portion of lysosomal acid hydrolases have been isolated from bovine liver and testis. The chemical and biological properties of each receptor are described and compared.
“Winning” the Methodists the Last Major Battleground to Enlist the Religious Community’s Support for the Boycott

One of the major components of INFACT’s strategy to mobilize public opinion against Nestle was to enlist the support of the organized religious community. INFACT had strong ties with ICCR and, through it, with the National Council of Churches (NCC). By 1980, INFACT could claim “hundreds of church groups” among those who supported its boycott. Nevertheless, INFACT lacked the official support of one of the largest mainline Protestant denominations, the United Methodist Church (UMC), although it had already received formal endorsement of more than 30 annual conferences (state and regional bodies) of UMC, and two of its primary program agencies involved in Third World and poverty-related issues, General Board of Church and Society (GBC&S) and General Board of Global Ministries (GBGM). Therefore, INFACT and its supporters decided to get this endorsement at the UMC’s General Conference in 1980. Held once every four years, this general conference acts as the principal legislative body of the church. The activists had, as yet, not succeeded in one of their foremost objective — bringing Nestle to the negotiating table to deal directly with
Distributed Computing and the Multicore Revolution

Computer architecture is undergoing a sea-change: very soon, nearly all computers will be "multicore" architectures in which multiple processors reside on a single chip. It is widely recognized that the switch to multicore presents a daunting challenge in areas that range all the way from architecture to software engineering, to raw system performance.
Alternative empirical Bayes models for adjusting for batch effects in genomic studies

Combining genomic data sets from multiple studies is advantageous to increase statistical power in studies where logistical considerations restrict sample size or require the sequential generation of data. However, significant technical heterogeneity is commonly observed across multiple batches of data that are generated from different processing or reagent batches, experimenters, protocols, or profiling platforms. These so-called batch effects often confound true biological relationships in the data, reducing the power benefits of combining multiple batches, and may even lead to spurious results in some combined studies. Therefore there is significant need for effective methods and software tools that account for batch effects in high-throughput genomic studies. Here we contribute multiple methods and software tools for improved combination and analysis of data from multiple batches. In particular, we provide batch effect solutions for cases where the severity of the batch effects is not extreme, and for cases where one high-quality batch can serve as a reference, such as the training set in a biomarker study. We illustrate our approaches and software in both simulated and real data scenarios. We demonstrate the value of these new contributions compared to currently established approaches in the specified batch correction situations.
An integrated flow cytometry analysis of 286 mature B cell neoplasms identifies CD13 as a useful marker for diagnostic subtyping.

Introduction CD13 is a myeloid associated antigen, which may be expressed by a subset of B cell lymphomas; however, the significance of its expression along with other B cell associated antigens is not well characterized. Methods Two hundred and eighty-six mature B cell neoplasms with flow cytometric analysis performed at the time of diagnosis were identified. Expression of CD13, CD45, CD19, CD20, CD5, CD10, CD38, CD22, CD23, FMC7, and kappa and lambda light chains was assessed for each case and correlated with clinicopathologic features. Results CD13 expression was associated specifically with cases of lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (LPL) (16/26)- and FMC7-positive chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL) (11/30). No cases of follicular lymphoma (FL) expressed CD13 (0/48). Across all B cell neoplasms, CD13 expression positively correlated with FMC7 co-expression and kappa light chain restriction and negatively correlated with CD10 co-expression and lambda light chain restriction. No significant association of CD13 with overall or disease free survival in B cell neoplasms was seen. Conclusion CD13 expression is present more often in LPL- and FMC7-positive CLL/SLL than other mature B cell lymphoma subtypes and absent in cases of FL and may be a useful feature for diagnostic subtyping.
A phase I/II trial adding poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor veliparib to induction carboplatin-paclitaxel (Carbo-Tax) in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) Alliance A091101.

6031Background: This phase I/II study evaluates safety and efficacy of veliparib, a PARP inhibitor, with induction carbo-tax in patients (pts) with locoregionally advanced HNSCC. Since PARP is invo...
End-of-Life Preferences, Length-of-Life Conversations, and Hospice Enrollment in Palliative Care: A Direct Observation Cohort Study among People with Advanced Cancer.

Abstract Context: Prognosis communication is one hypothesized mechanism by which effective palliative care (PC) promotes preference-concordant treatment near end of life (EOL), but little is known ...
Using size-exclusion for improved extraction of trace organic compounds from landfill leachate.

Pharmaceuticals, plasticisers and other trace organic contaminants have been reported in landfill leachates, with most methods using hydrophilic–lipophilic balance cartridges for solid phase extrac...
Seven-Coordinated Pnicogens. Synthesis and Characterization of the SbF72- and BiF72- Dianions and a Theoretical Study of the AsF72- Dianion

The novel seven-coordinated BiF72- and SbF72- dianions have been prepared and characterized. The Cs2BiF7, Rb2BiF7, K2BiF7, and Na2BiF7 salts were obtained in high yield by heating BiF5 with an excess of the corresponding alkali metal fluorides to about 250 °C. Attempts failed to prepare the corresponding BiF83- salts or Li2BiF7 under similar conditions. The [N(CH3)4]2BiF7 salt was obtained by the combination of excess N(CH3)4F with BiF5 in CH3CN solution at −31 °C. The (NO2)2BiF7 salt was prepared from BiF5 and a large excess of liquid FNO at −78 °C and decomposes at room temperature to NOBiF6 and FNO. The corresponding Cs2SbF7, K2SbF7, and [N(CH3)4]2SbF7 salts were also synthesized in a similar fashion, but Na2SbF7 was not formed. The pronounced fluoride ion affinity of SbF6- was further demonstrated by the formation of some Cs2SbF7 when dry CsF and CsSbF6 were ball-milled at room temperature. The BiF72- and SbF72- anions, which are the first examples of binary pnicogen compounds with coordination number...
Thermal Characterization of SiC Modules for Variable Frequency Drives

In this paper, the advantages of SiC power modules to reduce peak junction temperature and power cycling effects are presented. A detailed power loss calculation and thermal model is developed and tested on a 480 V, 190A, 150 HP variable frequency drive (VFD) with SiC modules. A comparison between the SiC module and an equivalent rated Si module is presented to demonstrate the reduction in power cycling effects, particularly at low speed operation. Infrared (IR) imaging results and an analytical explanations of the phenomenon is provided. These results show that SiC inverters can be used for high torque and low speed applications. Also, the reduction in junction temperature swing improves reliability.
An object framework for teaching ALU component design in architecture courses

An object-based framework for teaching the design of ALU components in a computer architecture course is described. An object-oriented pseudocode description of the component's behavior is developed and then transformed into an implementation. The pseudocode represents subcomponents as objects, and relationships between subcomponents as constraint sets. A hardware implementation of the pseudocode is created by mapping objects to subcomponents and constraints to connections, and by a standard hardware implementation of the pseudocode program counter. In many applications, our framework gives to the hardware design process desirable characteristics of object-oriented software design: modularity, hierarchical design, and control over the level of abstraction. Our pseudocode notation makes explicit some of the underlying "intuition" guiding the design process. In the software realm we all teach students to create code only after completing a thorough design phase. Our approach to hardware design similarly shifts much of the process from the lab to an earlier, language-based design stage.
Estimating the Economic Burden of Acute Myocardial Infarction in the US: 12 Year National Data

ABSTRACT Background Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) carries a substantial mortality and morbidity burden. The purpose of this study is to provide annual mean cost per patient and national level estimates of direct and indirect costs (lost productivity from morbidity and premature mortality) associated with AMI. Methods Nationally representative data spanning 12 years (2003-2014) with a sample of 324,869 patients with AMI from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) were analyzed. A novel 2-part model was used to examine the excess direct cost associated with AMI, controlling for covariates. To estimate lost productivity from morbidity, an adjusted Generalized Linear Model was used for the differential in wage earnings between participants with and without AMI. Lost productivity from premature mortality was estimated based on published data. Results The total annual cost of AMI in 2016 dollars was estimated to be $84.9 billion, including $29.8 billion in excess direct medical expenditures, $14.6 billion in lost productivity from morbidity and $40.5 billion in lost productivity from premature mortality between 2003 and 2014. In the adjusted regression, the overall excess direct medical expenditure of AMI was $7,076 (95% confidence interval [CI] $6,028-$8,125) higher than those without AMI. After adjustment, annual wages for patients with AMI were $10,166 (95% CI −$12,985 to −$7,347) lower and annual missed work days were 5.9 days (95% CI 3.57-8.27) higher than those without AMI. Conclusions The study finds that the economic burden of AMI is substantial, for which effective prevention could result in significant health and productivity cost savings.
Evaluation of the Second Edition of Entering Research: A Customizable Curriculum for Apprentice-Style Undergraduate and Graduate Research Training Programs and Courses.

The Entering Research (ER) curriculum supports undergraduate and graduate research trainees participating in apprentice-style research experiences, especially those from diverse backgrounds. Result...
Statin Discontinuation and New Antipsychotic Use After an Acute Hospital Stay Vary by Hospital

Introduction Patients are at risk for medication problems after hospital admissions, particularly those with critical illness. Medication problems include continuation of acute medications and discontinuation of chronic medications after discharge. Little is known across a national integrated health care system about the extent of these two medication problems. Objective To examine the extent of statin medication discontinuation and new antipsychotic medication use after hospital discharge. Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting Veterans Affairs healthcare system. Participants Veterans with an inpatient hospitalization from January 1, 2014-December 31, 2016, survived at least 180 days post-discharge, and received at least one medication through the VA outpatient pharmacy within one year around admission were included. Hospitalizations were grouped into: 1) direct admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) and a diagnosis of sepsis, 2) direct admission to the ICU without sepsis diagnosis, and 3) no ICU stay during the hospitalization. Main outcome measures Statin medication discontinuation and new antipsychotic use at six months post-hospital discharge. Results A total of 520,187 participants were included in the statin medication and 910,629 in the antipsychotic medication cohorts. Statin discontinuation ranged from 10–15% and new antipsychotic prescription fills from 2–4% across the three hospitalization groups, with highest rates in the ICU admission and sepsis diagnosis group. Statin discontinuation and new antipsychotic use after a hospitalization varied by hospital, with worse performing hospitals having 11% higher odds of discontinuing a statin (median odds ratio at hospital-level, adjusted for patient differences, aMOR: 1.11 (95% CI: 1.09, 1.13)) and 29% higher odds of new antipsychotic use (aMOR, 1.29 (95% CI: 1.24, 1.34)). Risk-adjusted hospital rates of these two medication changes were not correlated (p = 0.49). Conclusions Systemic variation in the rates of statin medication continuation and new antipsychotic use were found.
Fluctuations, Coherence and Predictability of Long Range Shallow Water Propagation in the Straits of Florida

Abstract : Understanding long range acoustic propagation in shallow water. The coherence and predictability of long-range shallow water propagation deteriorates with higher frequency and longer range of propagation. We seek to understand the randomizing effect of fluctuations in bathymetry, sound speed and the geo-acoustic properties of the bottom. Usually, a propagating sound field is randomized after tens of kilometers of transmission but occasionally, stable and coherent signals are observed at much longer range (Monjo et al, 1997). We seek to explore these islands of coherence in a sea of chaos. Most shallow water experiments of the past focused on the fundamental problem of low frequency and short-range propagation resulting in a few acoustic modes. Mode theoretical approaches are used to interpret observations. We seek to expand the scope of observations to cover a broad band of frequencies 100 to 3200 Hz. and longer ranges of transmission with hundreds of modes. We hypothesize that wave-guide effects can produce phase-stationary summations of many modes in a way that will greatly enhance coherence under some conditions.
Methods for histological characterization of cryo-induced myocardial infarction in a rat model

Ligation of the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery has been commonly employed to induce myocardial infarction (MI) in animals; however, it is known to pose setbacks in the form of cardiac arrhythmias and unpredictable areas of necrotic damage. Cryo-infarction is an alternate method that has been adopted to create a reproducible model of a myocardial injury. In this study, Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to thoracotomy followed by cryo-induced infarction of the heart, while the control-sham group was only subjected to thoracotomy following which the heart was collected from all animals. Tissue sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and analyzed to determine cardiac muscle density, fiber length, and fiber curvature. Observations revealed reduced muscle density, cardiac fiber length, and distorted fibers in infarcted tissue sections. Gomori's Trichrome staining was performed on tissue sections to study the effects of post MI on collagen, which showed enhanced intensity of collagen staining indicating fibrosis for the experimental models as compared to the sham models, an established consequence to myocardial injury. Immunohistochemical staining of the tissue sections with DAPI and connexin-43 (Cx-43) revealed that there was reduced DAPI staining and a less pronounced expression of Cx-43 in the experimental samples as compared to the sham samples. Results implied significant cell damage resulting from the cryo-infarction, subsequently disrupting and disaggregating the functional Cx-43 junction in cardiac myocytes, which is essential for normal and healthy cardiac physiology and function. This quantitative histological study of cryo-induced MI in a rat model can aid others attempting to optimize MI models in rats via cryo-injury, to study cardiac disease progression, and to aid in the construction of engineered cardiac tissues.
The Reddening Towards Cassiopeia A's Supernova: Constraining the 56Ni Yield

We present new reddening measurements towards the young supernova remnant Cassiopeia A, using two techniques not previously applied to this object. Our observations of the near-infrared [Fe II] 1.257 micron and 1.644 micron lines show the extinction to be highly variable across the remnant, increasing towards the west and the south, consistent with previous radio and X-ray observations. While the absolute value of AV as determined by the [Fe II] lines is uncertain due to conflicting calculations and observations of their intrinsic flux ratio, parts of the remnant without previous optical measurements show comparatively higher reddening. We find AV = 6.2 +/- 0.6 from the broadband shape of the infrared synchrotron emission of a knot within 13" of the expansion center. Given this reddening, the apparent faintness of the nascent supernova, and iron mass constraints from X-ray observations, we estimate an ejected mass of 56Ni of 0.058 - 0.16 MSun. Taken with gamma-ray observations of the 44Ti decay chain, this nickel mass is broadly consistent with the solar 44Ca/56Fe ratio.
A Review of 5G Front-End Systems Package Integration

Increasing data rates, spectrum efficiency, and energy efficiency have been driving major advances in the design and hardware integration of RF communication networks. In order to meet the data rate and efficiency metrics, fifth-generation (5G) networks have emerged as a follow-on to 4G and projected to have $100\times $ higher wireless date rates and $100\times $ lower latency than those with current 4G networks. Major challenges arise in the packaging of radio frequency front-end modules because of the stringent low signal-loss requirements in the millimeter-wave frequency bands, and precision-impedance designs with smaller footprints and thickness. Heterogeneous integration in 3-D ultrathin packages with higher component densities and performance than with the existing 2-D packages is needed to realize such 5G systems. This article reviews the key building blocks of 5G systems and the underlying advances in packaging technologies to realize them.
Aberrant Brain Signal Variability and COMT Genotype in Chronic TMD Patients.

The analysis of brain signal variability is a promising approach to understand pathological brain function related to chronic pain. This study investigates whether blood-oxygen-level–dependent sign...
Assessing the Recovery Assessment Scale Across Time.

Objective: The Recovery Assessment Scale (RAS) is one of the most used recovery measures in recovery-oriented practice evaluation of people with mental health conditions. Although its psychometric ...
Regionalization of Acute Myeloid Leukemia Treatment in a Community-Based Population: Implementation and Early Results.

Introduction Regionalization of care for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has not been described for community-based settings. In 2015, we shifted AML induction from 21 local centers to 3 regional centers. Methods Using time-specific inception cohorts, we assessed whether regionalization was associated with the frequency of use of induction therapy, receipt of bone marrow transplantation, 60-day mortality (treatment toxicity), and 180-day mortality (treatment effectiveness). Information for all adult patients diagnosed with AML from 2013 to 2017 was obtained from the electronic health record. Multivariable methods were used to estimate the adjusted associations of induction, bone marrow transplantation, and death in relation to year of diagnosis before and after regionalization. Results Of 661 patients diagnosed during 2013 to 2017, 53% were ≥ 70 years, 22% were ≥ 80 years, and 10% died within the week following diagnosis. Comparing 2017 with 2013, the proportion of patients who received induction therapy increased 2.88 times (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.55-5.35), and the proportion of non-acute promyelocytic leukemia patients receiving bone marrow transplantation increased 2.00 times (95% CI = 0.89-4.50). Regionalization was associated with lower 180-day mortality (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.64; 95% CI = 0.44-0.92), whereas change in 60-day mortality was not statistically significant (HR = 0.67; 95%CI = 0.43-1.04). Conclusion In this community-based population, many patients were of advanced age yet benefitted from AML induction therapy delivered at a regionally specialized center. These early results suggest the benefit of regionalizing subspecialty leukemia care.
The Dilemma of FCPA Self-Reporting

Professor Peter Reilly examines the difficult strategic decision a company faces of whether to disclose voluntarily to the government a potential violation of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA), amidst the backdrop of the government’s heightened focus on FCPA enforcement. His excellent article demonstrates how the government enjoys wide flexibility and discretion in carrying out its enforcement activities while providing insufficient direction to companies regarding how to stay within the bounds of the complex statute. The article justifiably criticizes from a business perspective the widely held belief that self-reporting to the government a potential FCPA violation is always in a company’s best interests, and it makes a significant contribution to the literature by exploring the interconnected relationships among self-disclosure, accountability, and deterrence under the FCPA. The following responsive essay discusses new developments that change the contours of the company’s decision-making calculus of whether to self-report. It illuminates how a recent policy change adopted by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and a policy proposal under consideration within the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) may alter the self-report decision-making process in the private sector. It also provides additional insight into how other dynamic factors, such as the SEC whistleblower program, are growing in influence and may sway a company’s willingness to self-disclose a violation.
Security Threats and Cellular Network Procedures for Unmanned Aircraft Systems

This paper discusses cellular network security for unmanned aircraft systems (UASs) and provides insights into the ongoing Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) standardization efforts with respect to authentication and authorization, location information privacy, and command and control signaling. We introduce the 3GPP reference architecture for network connected UAS and the new network functions as part of the 5G core network, discuss introduce the three security contexts, potential threats, and the 3GPP procedures. The paper identifies research opportunities for UAS communications security and recommends critical security features and processes to be considered for standardization.
Disulfide Bond Formation in the Periplasm

This chapter reviews the process of disulfide bond formation in the periplasm by following the life of a protein, from the “birth” of a protein at the ribosome to its entrance into the periplasm as an unfolded infant, to the oxidation of the maturing protein. In eukaryotic cells the protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) represents the counterpart of DsbA, being responsible for the formation of disulfide bonds in the endoplasmic reticulum. DsbA can act to generate disulfide bonds in proteins as nascent polypeptide chains emerge into the periplasm. Several features of disulfide bond formation discovered in recent years illustrate complexity. First, disulfide bond formation likely occurs on nascent poly-peptide chains as they are being translocated into the periplasm in bacteria and into the endoplasmic reticulum in eukaryotic cells. Second, for efficient formation of disulfide bonds, proteins require enzyme catalysts whose prototypes are DsbA in bacterial cells and protein disulfide isomerase in eukaryotic cells. Third, the formation of the correct disulfide bonds requires enzyme catalysts such as DsbC. Bioinformatic analysis conducted in the authors' lab revealed that at least 90% of the periplasmic proteins with more than one cysteine contain disulfide bonds. For those periplasmic proteins with only a single free cysteine, their crystal structures showed these cysteines to be buried within the protein structure (AlsB, AraF, FhuD, GlpQ, and Tpx). These findings are consistent with the proposal that any protein that appears in the periplasm with more than one cysteine will be acted on by DsbA.
Nerve Growth Dynamics

The quantitative analysis of nerve growth dynamics is critical to our understanding of nerve development and regeneration, but only recently has a quantitative framework begun to emerge to help define key objectives and to direct experimental measurements towards achieving this goal. Conceptually, the framework centers on the dynamic processes commonly observed for individual growth cones of growing neurites at the phase microscopy level, namely lamellipodial and filopodial extension and retraction. Because these activities essentially define the position of the axon tip, understanding how they are regulated offers to yield direct insight into factors governing the growth trajectory of the axon. In addition, much biological interest and effort is focused on the lamellipodial and filopodial behavior of the growth cone, which should facilitate experimental quantitation. Characterization of lamellipodial and filopodial activity has not been straightforward, however, because their inherent randomness leads to a requirement for considerable data and for less common mathematical techniques, such as time-series analysis. The work reviewed above has identified key analytical tools and experimental parameters needed to develop an integrated model of growth cone dynamics. Detailed measurement and analysis will be required to carry this development process to the next step. The cellular model of growth cone motility resulting from the characterization of lamellipodial and filopodial dynamics represents an intermediate description that can be extended to encompass both molecular mechanisms of growth cone behavior and axonal growth in multicellular tissue environments. For example, on the molecular level, filopodia contain a central core of actin filaments whose polymerization and depolymerization is thought to correspond to filopodial extension and retraction, with significant regulation possible through receptor-mediated effects on actin dynamics. By rewriting the parameters of filopodia dynamics in the current model in terms of these molecular events, one can begin to investigate their effects on growth cone behavior and to examine hypotheses of molecular mechanisms. Processes underlying lamellipodial behavior can be examined in a similar manner. At the tissue level, the effects of environmental factors on model parameters can be incorporated to yield predictions of the neurite outgrowth response to a particular environment. Such predictions offer a basis for designing microenvironments with optimal characteristics for enhancing nerve regeneration or manipulating the nerve growth response. Although the quantitative framework described here has focused on growth by peripheral nerve cells, it represents concepts known to apply to neurons of the central nervous system, as well.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)