cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
CARES Act: Implications for Retirement Security of American Workers

Many provisions of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act were designed to provide relief to those American workers who do not have sufficient emergency savings to weather the current storm. These include increasing defined contribution plan loan limits to the greater of $100,000 or 100 percent of the vested account balance; suspending loan payments due on or before December 31, 2020, and deferring loan payments for up to one year; allowing distributions until December 31, 2020, of the lesser of 100 percent of the vested account balance or $100,000; and allowing repayment of coronavirus-related distributions (CRDs) over a three-year period. The question, however, is as follows: What is the cost of effectively using defined contribution plans as emergency savings vehicles in this way when it comes to the future retirement security of American workers? Using the Employee Benefit Research Institute’s (EBRI’s) Retirement Security Projection Model® (RSPM), we simulate the impact on retirement balances as a multiple of pay at age 65 for scenarios where employees take full advantage of the CARES Act flexibility to access their defined contribution plan. We generally find: • There are limited reductions in projected retirement balances as a multiple of pay at age 65 in scenarios where employees pay back CRDs within the prescribed three-year timeframe or take new loans — even when workers reduce future contributions dollar for dollar in order to repay those loans. • However, we see potentially significant reductions in retirement balances as a multiple of pay at age 65 when employees take full CRDs and fail to pay them back. This is especially true for older age cohorts. • The most catstrophic scenario is one in which workers are provided CARES-Act-like access to withdrawals time and again as various crises occur. In other words, this is a scenario in which policymakers essentially turn defined contribution plans into de facto emergency savings vehicles. In this scenario, the overall median reduction in retirement balances as a multiple of pay at age 65 is 54 percent. • Still, further analysis is warranted. In our preliminary analysis of potential actual aggregate utilization of CARES Act provisions based on employer responses to a Plan Sponsor Council of America (PSCA) survey, we find that reductions were very small. Even in the scenario in which employees fail to pay back CRDs, the aggregate impact — because of low estimated actual implementation and utilization of CARES Act provisions — is estimated to be less than one-half a percent.
Focused Radiative Wireless Power Transfer in The Presence of Random Scatterers

Microwave power transfer (MPT) schemes have been proposed both in the near- and far-field (Fraunhofer) zones, but challenges reside in designing transmitting and receiving antenna arrays able to guarantee high-efficiency power transfer and cost-effective deployment in Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) systems. As a result, the design of efficient WPT systems is still an open research field, the importance of which is growing as the possibility to transfer energy by means of electromagnetic waves gathers more and more interest from the application viewpoint such as charging electronic devices in a smart home.
A Parallel Tempering Approach for Efficient Exploration of the Verification Tradespace in Engineered Systems.

Verification is a critical process in the development of engineered systems. Through verification, engineers gain confidence in the correct functionality of the system before it is deployed into operation. Traditionally, verification strategies are fixed at the beginning of the system's development and verification activities are executed as the development progresses. Such an approach appears to give inferior results as the selection of the verification activities does not leverage information gained through the system's development process. In contrast, a set-based design approach to verification, where verification activities are dynamically selected as the system's development progresses, has been shown to provide superior results. However, its application under realistic engineering scenarios remains unproven due to the large size of the verification tradespace. In this work, we propose a parallel tempering approach (PTA) to efficiently explore the verification tradespace. First, we formulate exploration of the verification tradespace as a tree search problem. Second, we design a parallel tempering (PT) algorithm by simulating several replicas of the verification process at different temperatures to obtain a near-optimal result. Third, We apply the PT algorithm to all possible verification states to dynamically identify near-optimal results. The effectiveness of the proposed PTA is evaluated on a partial model of a notional satellite optical instrument.
Stability of Prominences

In discussing models of prominences, and the way these objects form, we have repeatedly touched on the problem of their stability. In this chapter we shall discuss in more detail different equilibria for prominences, and see how stable they are against various perturbations.
MRI detection of breast cancer micrometastases with a fibronectin-targeting contrast agent

Metastasis is the primary cause of death in breast cancer patients. Early detection of high-risk breast cancer, including micrometastasis, is critical in tailoring appropriate and effective interventional therapies. Increased fibronectin expression, a hallmark of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, is associated with high-risk breast cancer and metastasis. We have previously developed a penta-peptide CREKA (Cys-Arg-Glu-Lys-Ala)-targeted gadolinium-based magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent, CREKA-Tris(Gd-DOTA)3 (Gd-DOTA (4,7,10-tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecyl gadolinium), which binds to fibrin-fibronectin complexes that are abundant in the tumour microenvironment of fast-growing breast cancer. Here we assess the capability of CREKA-Tris(Gd-DOTA)3 to detect micrometastasis with MRI in co-registration with high-resolution fluorescence cryo-imaging in female mice bearing metastatic 4T1 breast tumours. We find that CREKA-Tris(Gd-DOTA)3 provides robust contrast enhancement in the metastatic tumours and enables the detection of micrometastases of size <0.5 mm, extending the detection limit of the current clinical imaging modalities. These results demonstrate that molecular MRI with CREKA-Tris(Gd-DOTA)3 may facilitate early detection of high-risk breast cancer and micrometastasis in the clinic.
Barriers to employment for drug dependent postpartum women.

Background Employment represents the key to independence for women, and equal opportunity has been an elusive goal. For women with substance dependence, employment is strongly linked to the ability to sustain recovery. Unfortunately, for postpartum mothers with substance use disorders, gender-based barriers are magnified. A case analysis is provided to illustrate the interaction of multiple barriers to employment success in one postpartum woman's experience. Objective To elucidate the complex factors involved in return to employment for postpartum women being treated for substance use disorders. Methods A review of the current literature on employment, substance use, and the postpartum period was performed. Themes identified in the literature were applied to analyze a representative case. Results Postpartum women with substance use disorders face a variety of challenges to employment success. Lack of education and job skills are common barriers to successful employment of women in addiction recovery. These barriers may be complicated by emotional or logistical challenges, or related to external factors such as stigma and/or previous criminal history. Conclusions Assessment of employment history, marketable skills, and barriers should be an essential component of substance abuse treatment programs. Professionals working to increase employment opportunities for postpartum women with substance use disorders should be particularly aware of the multiple barriers they face and integrate employment assessment and skills training into the early stages of treatment programs.
The Role of Secondary Impacts Under NEPA

The 1969 National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) requiring environmental impact statements (EIS) for proposals that will affect the quality of the human environment is reviewed to determine if it also applies to secondary impacts. Several sections indicate that this is the case since an EIS has been required by the courts for some secondary impacts on the quality of health, aesthetics, productivity, and other aspects of life quality. Recognition of secondary impacts focuses on some of the more subtle environmental problems and broadens community input into the decision-making process. While NEPA is not intended to address non-environmental concerns, all relevant information appears to be applicable. Support for this position is found in the wording of NEPA, the legislative intent and history of the bill, and the adoption by Federal agencies of secondary-impact consideration in their guidelines. Trends in court cases indicate a recognition of the impact of population growth, increased crime, social disruption, and the influx of minorities as secondary impacts. (DCK)
6 Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis

Summary 2-DE continues to set the benchmark as the premier technique for protein separation in protoemic applications. The approach is very well sited for routine separation of moderately abundant proteins within a window of pH 3-10 and M r =10-200 kDa, allowing for cataloging and quantitative measures of protein expression. The method is mature, reproducible, and affordable.
Contiguous Organ Resection is Safe in Patients With Retroperitoneal Sarcoma: An ACS-NSQIP Analysis

Background and Objectives The practice of aggressive contiguous organ resection (COR) of retroperitoneal sarcoma (RPS) is controversial. We examined rates of 30-day morbidity and mortality following resection of RPS utilizing data from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP) database. Methods From 2005 to 2007, we identified 156 cases of primary malignant neoplasm of the retroperitoneum. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed using all pre-operative ACS-NSQIP variables for likelihood of post-operative overall morbidity or severe morbidity (composite endpoint including organ space infection, septic shock, acute renal failure requiring dialysis, reoperation, and death). Insufficient events precluded multivariate analysis of mortality as an independent outcome. Results Overall 30-day morbidity, severe morbidity, and mortality were 26% (N = 40), 11.5% (N = 18), and 1.3% (N = 2), respectively. Fifty-eight patients (37%) underwent COR, most commonly kidney. American Society for Anesthesiologists classification predicted overall morbidity (OR 3.23, 95% CI 1.33–7.84), while increasing operative time predicted severe morbidity (OR 1.38 per hour, 95% CI 1.05–1.81). COR was not associated with increased 30-day overall morbidity (OR 1.38, 95% CI 0.49–3.89) or severe morbidity (OR 0.78, 95% CI 0.05–13.18). Conclusions Rates of post-operative morbidity and mortality are acceptable following RPS resection, even in the setting of multi-visceral resection. COR should not be viewed as a contraindication to complete RPS resection. J. Surg. Oncol. 2011; 103:390–394. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Nonnegative Matrix Factorization based privacy preservation in vehicular communication

Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs) provide enjoyable driving experience through traffic information collected by moving vehicles on the road. When a vehicle discovers any events such as car accident, traffic congestion, hazardous road condition, etc., it shares such information with other vehicles through Road Side Units (RSUs). Inevitably, its location information also needs to be included in the message for specific and accurate information. However, drivers may not be comfortable sending their locations to others because there is a chance that the privacy of the driver can be compromised. Thus, they might choose not to report discovered events, which can cause highly degrading performance of the network. In this paper, we propose a Nonnegative Matrix Factorization (NMF) based privacy preservation scheme to perturb the source location data without cryptography while it can still calculate the location of the event occurred. The proposed scheme utilizes the intrinsic property of NMF to distort the data for protecting driver's location privacy. It then clusters the drivers in accordance with their locations, the relative distances and directions, as well as the timestamps. By doing so, events can be identified based on the clusters while driver's private information is preserved.
Primitive hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells in human umbilical cord blood: an alternative source of transplantable cells

All the circulating blood cell elements are produced by a set of primitive cells termed hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Each category is considered to be hierarchical in nature, with cells from the most immature to mature being produced in a catenated fashion. Conceptually, the earliest subset of cells would be the long-term marrow-repopulating stem cell (LTMRSC). This cell would be considered to have the greatest degree of self-renewal capacity and would be the cell type that one would like to make sure was in the tissue source of transplantable cells for long-term repopulation of the blood system of the recipient. It is also this cell that would be the one investigators would like to use in a gene therapy setting for long-term expression of newly integrated genetic material by gene transfer. While the LTMRSC is inferred from animal studies, particularly those studies in mice in which serial transplantation of marrow cells from mouse to mouse to repopulate the blood system is assessed, it is not clear yet whether there is a quantitative assay for this cell in the human system [1]. The LTMRSC gives rise to more mature cells within the stem cell compartment, which can be defined by more limited cell renewal capacity.
From co‐op to co‐opt: gender and class in the early Civil Rights Movement

This essay begins with a discussion of how the Homeless Citizens League based in Dungannon and comprised almost entirely of young Catholic mothers coalesced around the issue of discriminatory housing allocation in the early 1960s. Drawing on tactics pioneered by American civil rights activists, these women challenged Unionist political domination of the town's Catholics on the street. Quickly after they began to protest, the local doctor's wife joined the group and set about professionalizing the women's advocacy efforts as the group's “chairman.” Utilizing a combination of archival research, documentary evidence, and supplementary semi‐structured interviews this essay analyzes how class and gender hierarchies interacted to change the face of the nascent housing rights movement and transform it into a middle class civil rights pressure group. I argue that by manipulating the prevailing patriarchal and middle class attitudes of their political innocence, these women were able to challenge the local council...
Involvement of histone acetyltransferase (HAT) in ethanol-induced acetylation of histone H3 in hepatocytes: potential mechanism for gene expression

Ethanol treatment increases gene expression in the liver through mechanisms that are not clearly understood. Histone acetylation has been shown to induce transcriptional activation. We have investigated the characteristics and mechanisms of ethanol-induced histone H3 acetylation in rat hepatocytes. Immunocytochemical and immunoblot analysis revealed that ethanol treatment significantly increased H3 acetylation at Lys9 with negligible effects at Lys14, -18, and -23. Acute in vivo administration of alcohol in rats produced the same results as in vitro observations. Nuclear extracts from ethanol-treated hepatocytes increased acetylation in H3 peptide to a greater extent than extracts from untreated cells, suggesting that ethanol either increased the expression level or the specific activity of histone acetyltransferases (HAT). Use of different H3 peptides indicated that ethanol selectively modulated HAT(s) targeting H3-Lys9. Treatment with acetate, an ethanol metabolite, also increased acetylation of H3-Lys9 and modulated HAT(s) in the same manner as ethanol, suggesting that acetate mediates the ethanol-induced effect on HAT. Inhibitors of MEK (U0126) and JNK (SP600125), but not p38 MAPK inhibitor (SB203580), suppressed ethanol-induced H3 acetylation. However, U0126 and SP600125 did not significantly affect ethanol-induced effect on HAT, suggesting that ERK and JNK regulate histone acetylation through a separate pathway(s) that does not involve modulation of HAT. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay demonstrated that ethanol treatment increased the association of the class I alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH I) gene with acetylated H3-Lys9. These data provide first evidence that ethanol increases acetylation of H3-Lys9 through modulation of HAT(s) and that histone acetylation may underlie the mechanism for ethanol-induced ADH I gene expression.
Convenient synthesis of 1,1′-H-spiro[indoline-3,3′-piperidine]

Abstract The spirocyclic indoline ring system represents an important scaffold for the discovery of novel therapeutics. Herein, we describe the synthesis of 1,1′-H-spiro[indoline-3,3′-piperidine] using an intramolecular palladium-catalyzed α-arylation reaction.
Dispositional hostility and gender differentially relate to cognitive appraisal, engagement, and cardiovascular reactivity across cognitive and emotional laboratory tasks

We investigated the relations of hostility and gender to cardiovascular reactivity and recovery to a cognitive and an emotional laboratory task without harassment. Physiological, affect, appraisal, and task engagement data were collected during baseline, mental arithmetic, stress-recall, and recovery for 93 young adults (58% women; 57% White). For men, hostility was inversely related to heart rate and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and positively associated with root-mean-squared successive difference (RMSSD) during mental arithmetic. Hostility was inversely related to systolic blood pressure (SBP), DBP, and mean arterial pressure (MAP) during stress-recall, and RMSSD after stress-recall for men. For women, hostility was associated with greater SBP responses during stress-recall, and greater recovery of SBP, DBP and MAP. Hostility was related to lesser engagement for men during mental arithmetic, and greater engagement and threat for women during stress-recall. Hostile men may be more likely than hostile women to disengage during emotionally-relevant tasks, and show attenuated cardiovascular reactivity and recovery to both cognitive and emotional tasks in the absence of harassment.
Marr's three levels: A re-evaluation

Marr's account of the analysis of complex information-processing tasks as having three levels — the levels of computational theory, representation and algorithm, and hardware implementation — is reconsidered. I argue that the notion of “level” here runs together two distinctive sort of explanatory shifts — that of grain and that of contextual function. I then offer a revision of the account which avoids this problem, and suggest how this might play a role in the practice of theory evaluation.
Stochastic simulations of temperature programmed desorption kinetics

Abstract In principle, temperature programmed desorption (TPD) can yield a wealth of information on the rates of surface reactions. In practice, however, it is often difficult or impossible to extract such information from the experimental data. We describe an accurate stochastic modelling technique that facilitates the determination of mechanisms and rate constants from TPD measurements. The model for a particular reaction or process is cast in terms of a detailed mechanism, which can be set up in a variety of ways depending on the primary characteristics of the system under study. Starting from experimental rate constants obtained under limiting conditions, a series of simulations are used to estimate and refine unknown rate constants. Three types of examples are given to illustrate the methodology used. First, simulations of desorption of Xe from Pt(111) are used to show how a very simple system can be modelled. By comparing experimental data and calculations performed with several different mechanisms, we explore the kinetic consequences of various modes of desorption from defect sites. Next, we investigate the competitive desorption and dissociation of CO on W(110). In this case the model successfully reproduces experimental TPD and surface coverage data, allowing experimental rate constants to be optimized. Finally, we show that stochastic simulations can be used to study systems with strong repulsive lateral interactions using a model which explicitly tracks changes in the environment of a desorbing species with temperature and coverage. Previous Monte Carlo simulations of desorption from a square lattice are reproduced using this approach. It is also applied to desorption of CO from Ru(001), yielding simulated TPD spectra in excellent agreement with experiment and allowing the magnitude of repulsive interactions to be estimated. In both the square and hexagonal lattice systems TPD data are simulated with coverage-independent pre-exponential factors: all features of the spectra are attributable to variations in populations of surface species alone. The stochastic method is shown to be valuable as an integral part of an experimental study, allowing detailed models to be proposed and refined, and yielding microscopic data which are amenable to theoretical analysis.
When the funding stops: Do grantees of the Local Initiative Funding Partners Program sustain themselves?

Abstract Foundations often provide short-term seed funding to social service demonstration programs with the presumption that successful projects will be able to replace funding from other, often public, sources when their grants end. It is unclear whether this model actually works. This article explores the sustainability of foundation-funded projects—whether they can survive the loss of their initial funding and continue to operate. To do this, we focus on the Local Initiative Funding Partners Program (LIFP) of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (RWJF). After tracking the survival of 112 LIFP projects that ended their RWJF funding during the period 1986–2001, 92% survived at least 1 year, while 80% were still operating in 2002. Thirty-four percent of the projects were replicated by another organization. Project-related factors that contributed to survival include host organization support and strong project management that secures local philanthropic support, develops revenue-generating activities, builds up individual donor pools, capitalizes on technical assistance on fundraising, and disseminates stories of project success. Environmental factors include public awareness of the social problem and recognition of the project as a solution, external championship by community leaders, and the involvement of local funders.
Aktuelle Fragen beim Ionenaustausch

Die theoretischen Arbeiten der letzten Jahre haben ein leidlich klares Bild der Vorgange beim Ionenaustausch entstehen lassen. Der nachstehende Bericht beleuchtet Fragen, die gegenwartig die wissenschaftliche Forschung auf diesem Gebiet beschaftigen, so wie sie sich auf der Gordon Research Conference 1954 abgezeichnet haben. – Die thermodynamische Behandlung der Ionenaustausch-Gleichgewichte ist auf verschiedenen Wegen moglich, je nach Wahl der Bestandteile des Systems. Die Deutung der Aktivitatskoeffizienten in Austauschern macht noch Schwierigkeiten. Zweifel bestehen hinsichtlich der Bildung von Assoziaten zwischen Gegenionen und Festionen; hier widersprechen sich die Auslegungen von Gleichgewichts-Messungen einerseits und kinetischen und elektrochemischen Messungen andererseits. In der Elektrochemie der Austauscher ist die elektrophoretische Wasseruberfuhrung in den Vordergrund geruckt. Eine quantitative Theorie der Ionenaustausch-Katalyse steht noch aus. Das Material uber neue Austauschertypen last noch keine Ruckschlusse auf theoretisch interessante Zuge zu.
The Endless Crisis: How Monopoly-Finance Capital Produces Stagnation and Upheaval From the USA to China

John Bellamy Foster and Robert W. McChesney, The Endless Crisis: How Monopoly-Finance Capital Produces Stagnation and Upheaval From the USA to China (New York: Monthly Review Press, 2012) Since the...
Diffusional evolution of precipitates in elastic media using the extended finite element and the level set methods

A sharp-interface numerical formulation using an Eulerian description aimed at modeling diffusional evolution of precipitates produced by phase transformations in elastic media, is presented. The extended finite element method (XFEM) is used to solve the field equations and the level set method is used to evolve the precipitate-matrix interface. This new formulation is capable of handling microstructures with arbitrarily shaped particles and capturing their topological transitions without needing the mesh to conform with the precipitate-matrix interface. The XFEM makes it possible to model the precipitate and the matrix to be both elastically anisotropic and inhomogeneous with ease. The interface evolution velocity is evaluated using a domain integral scheme 1] that is consistent with the sharp interface. Numerical examples modeling two distinct phases of particle evolution, growth (dendritic evolution) and equilibration (Ostwald ripening) are presented. To overcome the issue of grid anisotropy in growth simulations, a random grid rotation scheme is implemented in conjunction with a bicubic spline interpolation scheme. Growing shapes are dendritic while equilibrium shapes are squarish and in this respect our simulation results are in agreement with those presented in the literature 2-4].
The genetics of neurodegenerative diseases

In the last 50 years, an enormous amount of progress has been made in dissecting the etiology of hereditary neurodegenerative diseases, including the dementias, the parkinsonisms, the ataxias and the motor-neuron diseases. In addition, these genetic findings are beginning to provide insights into the pathogeneses of the sporadic forms of the diseases. Through animal and cellular modeling studies we are beginning to gain insights into the pathogenic pathways to disease. This mechanistic understanding is now leading to therapeutic strategies based on this new understanding. As yet, however, no mechanistic therapies are in use in the clinic.
Response to Dr. Anderson

1972b Aq Kupruk: Art and Symbol. In Prehistoric Research in Afghanistan (1959-1966). Louis Dupree, Ed. Transactions of American Philosophical Society 62, 4:66-72. 1972c Paleolithic Symbolic Evidence for Early Cognition (Acheulian, Mousterian, Upper Paleolithic). Paper delivered at the 71st Annual Meeting of the American Anthropological Association, Toronto. 1973 An Olmec Mosaic: Internal Analysis Reveals Prehistoric Arithmetic, Possibly Calendric
Recent Advances in Simulation of Dendritic Polymers

Dendrimers and hyperbranched polymers represent a revolution in methodology for directed synthesis of monodisperse polymers with enormous possibility of novel architectures. They demonstrate ability to attain micelle-like structures with distinct internal and external character. Furthermore polyfunctional character of dendrimers allows varied response to environment and promise as selective sensors, carrier for drugs, encapsulation of toxic chemicals and metals. One of the key problems are the characterization of the structures. Theory and simulation can be essential to provide and predict structure and properties. Here, we present some recent advances in theory, modeling and simulation of dendritic polymers.
Meniscal Root Tears: Diagnosis and Treatment

Meniscal tears within the body of the meniscus or at the meniscocapsular junction represent a well-understood and manageable condition encountered in clinical practice. In comparison, however, meniscal root tears (MRTs) often go unnoticed and represent a unique injury pattern with unique biomechanical consequences. Though first described decades ago, improvements in magnetic resonance imaging and arthroscopy have only recently enhanced our diagnostic and treatment capabilities with regard to MRTs. This review contains an anatomic description of the roots including their significance in meniscal function as well as the consequences of their loss. In addition, how to properly identify MRTs and when it is appropriate to surgically repair them are described. Finally, we review the surgical techniques available in the existing literature and present an illustrative case.
Relationships of Age and Muscle Mass to Peak Torque in High School Wrestlers

(1995). Relationships of Age and Muscle Mass to Peak Torque in High School Wrestlers. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport: Vol. 66, No. 3, pp. 256-261.
Computer-Aided Filter Alignment and Diagnosis

The cavity resonant frequencies and coupling values of a wide range of bandpass filters, band-reject filters, and equalizers have been determined in situ by computer-adjusting analytic models to fit the scattering parameters measured on an automatic network analyzer. A higher order mode elliptic filter, a dual-mode quasi-elliptic filter, and a dual-mode band-reject filter are presented as examples. The general relationships between mechanical dimensions and circuit parameters are discussed. The circuit adjustment procedure is outlined, and equations for the sensitivity coefficients of several element types are tabulated.
Random vs regularized OPV: Limits of performance gain of organic bulk heterojunction solar cells by morphology engineering

Inexpensive solution processing of bulk heterojunction (BHJ) type organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells offers an attractive option for the low cost solar energy conversion. Solution processing creates a disordered morphology consisting of two organic semiconductors, intermixed randomly within the light-absorbing layer of the cell. In this paper, we use a detailed three-dimensional process-device comodeling framework to show that in spite of the inherent structural randomness of the morphology, the efficiency of solution-processed BHJ cells is nearly optimal – close to those of the perfectly ordered structures. In addition, we show that the morphological randomness by itself does not increase the performance variability of large-area cells. Both the results indicate that the inexpensive solution processing of BHJ cells imposes no inherent limitation on the performance/variability and the ultimate efficiency of such solution-processed films should compare favorably to the other ordered OPV cells fabricated by more expensive techniques. Finally, we explore the theoretical optimum morphology for BHJ cells and find that fill factor is the only parameter through which efficiency can be enhanced by morphology engineering. We conclude by exploring the performance gains/limits of organic solar cells with the improvement in transport parameters. Published by Elsevier B.V.
Use of hydroxyapatite bone cement to prevent cerebrospinal fluid leakage through the frontal sinus: technical report.

Objective To test the efficacy of a simple technique of frontal sinus obliteration during low frontal craniotomy using hydroxyapatite cement instead of more traditional methods, such as pericranial flaps, free muscle or adipose grafts, lumbar drainage, or fibrin glue. Methods Eight patients undergoing low frontal craniotomy for intradural surgery had the frontal sinus obliterated by careful removal of mucosa followed by filling of the sinus with hydroxyapatite bone cement. No other adjuncts for preventing cerebrospinal fluid leakage through the sinus were used. Results At an average follow-up of 9 months, there were no cerebrospinal fluid leaks, infections, instances of resorption, or cosmetic deformities. Conclusion Hydroxyapatite bone cement seems to be a simple and effective method for frontal sinus obliteration and prevention of cerebrospinal fluid leakage.
A rapid, non-parametric clustering scheme for flow cytometric data

Abstract A rapid, non-parametric program to identify clusters in multidimensional space is presented. The local event density, based on a low resolution histogram count, is stored on hashcoded, sorted, linked lists. Regions of monotonically decreasing density around a given mode are grouped into a cluster. Nearby clusters may be merged. The algorithm can locate populations of only 1%, even in diffuse data, and gives percentages and locations of populations in real flow cytometric data in good agreement with results of conventional hand analysis. This is done in less than half a minute on a 68000 based microcomputer.
Lateralized interference of repetitive finger tapping: influence of familial handedness, cognitive load and verbal production

The repetitive finger tapping of 24 right-handed subjects from dextral and sinistral families was evaluated. Subjects tapped with and without concurrent verbal tasks which included reciting a nursery rhyme, reading words (silent vs aloud) and solving anagrams (silent vs aloud). Overall, results indicated that the concurrent verbal tasks interfered more with right-hand tapping than with left-hand tapping. This pattern was more pronounced for familial dextral subjects than familial sinistral subjects. This latter finding was most evident with the complex verbal task of solving anagrams.
Enhancing treatment adherence with a specialized emergency room program for adolescent suicide attempters.

ABSTRACT Objective The evaluation of outpatient treatment adherence among 140 Latina adolescent suicide attempters and their families. Method Sequentially, 75 attempters received standard emergency room care and 65 attempters received a specialized emergency room program including (1) training workshops for emergency room staff, (2) a videotape aimed at modifying families' treatment expectations, and (3) an on-call family therapist. Results Attempters receiving the specialized program were more likely to attend one treatment session (95.4% versus 82.7%) and were somewhat more likely to attend more sessions (5.7 versus 4.7) than those receiving standard emergency room care; however, their mothers were less likely to complete treatment. In addition, participants receiving the specialized program reported reduced psychiatric symptoms, and mothers reported more positive attitudes toward treatment and perceptions of family interactions. Conclusions Adherence was significantly improved by receiving the specialized care program in the emergency room. Adherence was also associated with increased suicidal ideation, more cohesive family relations, and lower self-esteem at baseline.
Factors regulating the multiplication of animal cells in culture

Abstract The multiplication of Vero cells in vitro as measured by population doubling time and final saturation density is regulated by the serum concentration in the medium and not by the substratum area available for cell growth. Vero cells at high density deplete the medium of a serum component(s) essential for continued growth. They also display a density dependent response to the removal of serum from the growth medium. At high densities, they continue multiplying longer than at low densities. No difference is noted in these properties among the epithelial cell types: CV-1, BSC-1 and 2 ° African green monkey kidney (AGMK) cells, nor among the fibroblast cell types: 3T3 and SV101. These data are consistent with the model that the growth of most cultured cells is controlled by medium components especially serum growth factors and that no difference exists in this respect between epithelial cells and fibroblasts.
Synthesis and characterization of mono- and bis(pentafluorosulfur)diacetylene

Abstract The synthesis of novel, high density, diacetylene monomers has been achieved by the preparation of mono- and bis(pentafluorosulfur) diacetylene. The derivatives are readily prepared by the addition of pentafluorosulfur bromide (SF 5 Br) to diacetylene (C 4 H 2 ) and subsequent dehydrobromination. Details of the synthesis and properties of these compounds are discussed.
Partial ligation-induced carotid artery occlusion induces leukocyte recruitment and lipid accumulation—A shear stress model of atherosclerosis

Recent studies suggest that disturbed blood flow-induced shear stress can induce atherosclerosis (ATH) in humans and animals without a high fat diet. Therefore, we hypothesize that partial ligation of the left carotid artery can generate disturbed blood flow and shear stress and would lead to ATH in a predisposed genetic model of Apo E(-/-) mice. The partial left carotid artery model was generated by ligating three out of four branches of the left carotid artery compared with controls which experienced similar surgery conditions but no ligation. Animals were sacrificed 2 weeks post-ligation and examined for plaque formation, infiltration of leukocytes, pro-inflammatory immune response, and blood flow velocity. Our findings suggest a significant (p < 0.05) increase in plaque formation and lipid deposition in the partial ligated animals compared with controls, confirmed with hematoxylin and eosin and oil red O staining. Furthermore, there was a significant (p < 0.05) increase in the number of M1 macrophages and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-6 and TNFα, as compared with the control. Moreover, partial ligated carotid arteries demonstrated disturbed blood flow as their systolic velocity was significantly reduced. In conclusion, our data suggest that partial ligation of the left carotid artery induces disturbed flow and shear stress in the predisposed genetic model of Apo E(-/-) mice and leads to significantly developed ATH. Similarities to clinical patients who develop ATH independent of a high fat diet show that this could be a potential animal model to examine various parameters in ATH.
Distance-based training in two community health centers to address tobacco smoke exposure of children

Background The CEASE (Clinical Effort Against Secondhand Smoke Exposure) intervention was developed to help pediatricians routinely and effectively address the harms of family smoking behaviors. Based on paper versions of CEASE, we partnered with the American Academy of Pediatrics’ online education department and developed a completely distance-based training, including an online CME training, handouts and education materials for families, and phone and email support.
3-Alkylfurans as useful synthetic equivalents for substituted δ2-butenolides

Abstract Substituted δ 2 -butenolides may be prepared from furan equivalents by regiospecific metallation, sulfenylation and/or silylation, removal of the sulfur group and peracid oxidation.
Psychopathology in children of bipolar parents.

Background Few studies have examined the psychopathological profiles of child offspring of bipolar parents. Such investigations are useful as a first step to identifying potential prodromal manifestations of bipolar disorder. Methods The presence of psychopathology in 37 children with at least one parent with bipolar I disorder and 29 demographically matched children with parents free of any DSM-IV Axis I psychopathology was evaluated using the Washington University in St. Louis Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (WASH-U KSADS). Results Twenty-nine (78%) of 37 high-risk children were diagnosed with at least one DSM-IV Axis I diagnosis as compared to seven (24%) of 29 children of healthy control parents (Fisher's exact test, p < 0.0001, odds ratio = 11, 95% CI = 3.33, 33). Sixteen percent (N = 6) of high-risk offspring met DSM-IV criteria for bipolar I disorder as compared to none of the healthy control offspring (Fisher's exact test, p < 0.03). High-risk offspring also had statistically significant elevations in rates of other affective and disruptive behavior disorders as well as subsyndromal manifestations of psychopathology. Conclusions Children of bipolar parents had an elevated risk for developing bipolar and other psychiatric disorders. The study of children of bipolar parents who are at high risk for developing bipolar disorder themselves is essential to identify potential prodromal manifestations of the disorder and to eventually establish targeted early intervention strategies. Longitudinal studies to confirm the prodromal manifestations of bipolar disorder and risk factors associated with the development of specific diagnoses in children are needed.
A case for trusted sensors: Encryptors with Deep Packet Inspection capabilities

In today's classified networks, system health and availability are crucial to support the mission needs of the US Government. Inclusion of sensing appliances into these sensitive networks has been a priority for several years to achieve the situational awareness of the network. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how an encryptor at the network boundaries enhanced with Deep Packet Inspection sensing can aid in understanding the system's health. General Dynamics has investigated advantages and methods for high speed content monitoring within future enhanced sensing encryptors. We will show that these encryptors and their unique place within the architecture provide valuable insight in the present operation of the network.
Spiritual Experience and Women's Autobiography The Rhetoric of Selfhood in The Book of Margery Kempe

IN CHARACTERIZING CULTURES' religious sensibilities scholars of religion and history have at times overlooked the significance of individual accounts of religious experience. Current attention to narrative as a significant source for exploring how meaning emerges in social, historical, and psychological contexts offers a corrective to exclusive focus on a narrowly-defined set of "theological texts" as the arbiters of religious truth or belief. Autobiography, a subcategory of narrative, offers unique access both to the religious commitments of an age and to understanding how religion and experience cohere in individual lives.'
STUDIES OF LUNG VOLUME : II. TUBERCULOUS MEN.

1. The total capacity, middle capacity, and residual air have been determined in 31 adult male patients suffering from tuberculosis of the lungs. 2. The chest volumes have been determined in each case and the normal lung volumes calculated by means of the ratios worked out in a previous paper. 3. In nine patients with incipient tuberculosis, the total lung volume was found within normal limits, whereas the vital capacity was diminished as a result of an increased residual air. The increase in the residual air was due to less complete expiration, caused partly by diminished movement of the diaphragm, partly by diminished compression of the chest wall. The diminished movement of the diaphragm was, as a rule, most marked on the most affected side. Whether these decreased movements are due to a reflex or to stiffness of the lung tissue we could not determine. The middle capacity was found practically normal. 4. In twenty-two cases of moderately advanced, and advanced tuberculosis, the total lung volume was in most cases markedly decreased. The vital capacity was substantially decreased, principally as a result of the diminished total capacity. The residual air was, as a rule, normal, although in a few cases an increase in residual air also contributed to the decrease in the vital capacity. The middle capacity, on which we do not want to put too much stress, was normal in some patients and considerably diminished in others.
Intravitreal silicone oil migration into the subarachnoid space and ventricles: A case report and review of literature

Abstract We report a case of intravitreal silicone oil migration into the subarachnoid space and cerebral ventricles, as seen on CT and MRI. During several admissions over the course of 23 months, the silicone oil was seen tracking along the optic apparatus and subsequently appeared in the ventricles as free-floating droplets. The patient experienced repeated headaches, but was worked up extensively for possible intracranial hemorrhage before the correct diagnosis was recognized.
Averaging sequences, deranged mappings, and a problem of Lampert and Slater

We answer a question posed by D. E. Lampert and P. J. Slater (1998, Amer. Math. Monthly105, 556?558). Consider a sequence of real numbers qn in the interval 0, 1] defined by q0=0, q1=1, and, for n?1, qn+1 equals an average of preceding terms in the sequence. The weights used in the average are provided by a triangular array pn, k of probabilities whose row sums are 1. What is the limiting behavior of a sequence qn so defined? For the Lampert?Slater sequence the weight pn, k is the probability that a randomly chosen fixed-point free mapping of n+1] omits exactly k elements from its image. To gain some insight into this averaging process, we first analyze what happens with a simpler array of weights pn, k defined in terms of binomial coefficients. One of our theorems states that if the weights pn, k are closely concentrated and the sequence qn exhibits oscillatory behavior up to a certain computable point, then it will exhibit oscillatory behavior from then on. We carry out the computations necessary to verify that the Lampert?Slater sequence satisfies the hypotheses of the latter theorem. A result on martingales (1992, N. Alon, J. H. Spencer, and P. Erdos, “The Probabilistic Method,” Wiley, New York) is used to prove the close concentration of the weights pn, k.
A Micrometeorological Investigation of Surface Exchange of O3, SO2 and NO2: A Case Study

Data obtained in an intensive field study of the dry deposition of sulfur dioxide, ozone, and nitrogen dioxide, conducted in 1985 in central Pennsylvania, are used to illustrate the factors that must be considered to assure that high quality results are derived. In particular, the quality of the site must be such that flux measurements made above the surface are representative of surface values. For this purpose, tests involving momentum transfer and the surface energy budget are especially useful. In addition, conditions must not be changing rapidly, and the statistical uncertainty associated with flux measurement must be low. For the set of data presented here, conservative quality-assurance guidelines are used to reject potentially erroneous flux data. For ozone, most of the measured fluxes are of use in deriving surface resistances. For SO2, far fewer data points are available. For NO2, fluxes appear to lack the order of the O3 and SO2 fluxes, and do not enable surface resistances to be computed. The highest-quality SO2 and O3 data yield surface resistances in fair average agreement with model predictions for SO2, but substantially higher than predictions for O3.
Model simulation of adiabatic continuous flow stirred tank reactors

Manning, Wolf, and Keairns' model for continuous flow-stirred tank reactors has been extended to include adiabatic as well as isothermal operation. The adiabatic, steady state yield of a continuous flow-stirred tank reactor was measured experimentally using the second-order, homogeneous, exothermic reaction between sodium thiosulfate and hydrogen peroxide. Model predictions of overall tank yield agreed closely with the data, thus verifying the applicability of this model to explain the effects of operating variables such as impeller size, impeller type, agitator speed, feed location, feed concentration, and flow rates.
Numerical inversion of the V—V master equation

Abstract The information-theoretic approach to vibrational—vibrational (V—V) energy transfer is employed to invert numerically the V—V master equation for vibrational enregy exchange between CO molecules.