cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Physical Urticaria/Angioedema as an Experimental Model of Acute and Chronic Inflammation in Human Skin

Reactions occurring after the activation of mast cells in the skin and mucous membranes by physical stimuli are known as physical urticaria/angioedema. The eliciting stimuli include trauma, pressure, vibration, light, cold, heat, and water. The IgE-dependent nature of certain forms of physical urticaria/angioedema has been demonstrated by passive transfer of the reaction with serum to normal individuals (Prausnitz-Kustner reaction). Urticaria appears as pruritic, circumscribed, elevated, usually erythematous areas of cutaneous edema that involve the superficical portions of the dermis. Angioedema occurs when the edema extends deeper into the dermis and subcutaneous and submucosal tissues. Experimental elicitation of the clinical symptoms in patients with cold-induced urticaria/angioedema and with cholinergic urticaria provides an in vivo model of mast cell activation in humans. This model allows observations of the evolution of clinical manifestations, histologic analysis of tissue alterations, measurement of mediators released into the circulation, and assessment of motility of circulating peripheral leukocytes. A patient with physical urticaria and circulating immune complexes provides an experimental model for the production of chronic cutaneous inflammation with evolution into necrotizing vasculitis.
Study on Relationship of Abnormal Heat Treatment, Microstructure and Properties of P91 Steel

Improper heat treatment may result in unsatisfactory microstructure and mechanical properties for P91 steel. In this work, the effect of abnormal heat treatment on microstructure and properties of P91 steel were studied. Results showed that with the normalization temperature increased from 860°C to 1000°C, the microstructures of P91 steel are ferrite, mixture of ferrite and martensite, and tempered martensite correspondingly. Cooling rate after austenization has important influence on microstructure and properties. The tempered microstructure has a gradual transition from coarse inhomogeneous ferrite to finer martensite when the cooling rate increased from 1 to 3°C/min. The reduced temperature normalization has no significant effect on hardness even as low as 860°C under aircooling condition, whereas the hareness is inadequate when the cooling rate is too slow. Incomplete austenization and transformation in dual phase zone may account for the phenomenon.
Rate of reaction with nitric oxide determines the hypertensive effect of cell-free hemoglobin

Administration of extracellular hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers often induces mild increases in blood pressure. In order to test whether nitric oxide (NO) scavenging is responsible for the hypertensive effect, we constructed and tested a set of recombinant hemoglobins that vary in rates of reaction with NO. The results suggest that the rapid reactions of oxy- and deoxyhemoglobin with nitric oxide are the fundamental cause of the hypertension. The magnitude of the blood-pressure effect correlates directly with the in vitro rate of NO oxidation. Hemoglobins with decreased NO-scavenging activity may be more suitable for certain therapeutic applications than those that cause depletion of nitric oxide.
‘HOME IS NOT SO VERY FAR AWAY’: CALIFORNIAN ENGINEERS IN SOUTH AFRICA, 1868–1915

This article describes the fate of Californian engineering and technology in South Africa during the years around the Jameson Raid. In theory, progress promised many things: commercial development, scientific and social enlightenment, free markets and rule of law. But in South Africa, these tools of progress came together in ways that differed from Californian engineers’ own frontier experience. While mining flourished agriculture remained undeveloped. And both, far from producing the society imagined by Californians, furthered imperial goals.
LIFETIME OF THE 2$sup 1$S STATE OF He.

A traveling Auger detector is used to measure the attenuation of a cooled thermal beam of He $2^{1}S$ atoms in a vacuum of 1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}8}$ Torr. Its velocity is determined by a time-of-flight technique. The lifetime obtained is (38 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 8)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$ sec.
Development and Validation of a UPLC Method for Rapid and Simultaneous Analysis of Proton Pump Inhibitors

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are used extensively for the relief of gastroesophageal reflux, peptic ulcers, and other hypersecretory conditions. Some of the commonly used PPIs—omeprazole, esomeprazole, lansoprazole, pantoprazole, and rabeprazole—were used in this study with the aim of developing a rapid ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) method for detecting each and allowing separation and quantification of a mixture of PPIs. An analysis of samples was performed on a UPLC system equipped with a quaternary solvent delivery system, a refrigerated sample manager, a column heater, a photo diode array detector scanning from 210 to 400 nm, and a C18 analytical column (50 mm × 3.0 mm, 1.7-μm particle size). The chromatographic analysis of the PPI samples and standards was performed using gradient elution with acetonitrile and water. The calibration curve range varied for each of the PPIs ranging from a lower limit of 0.75–1.78 μg/mL to a maximum concentration of 200 μg/mL with a regression coefficient (r 2) of ≥0.98. The accuracy and precision were calculated, and the %RSD was determined to be ≤0.21% (intraday) and ≤5% (interday). The LOD was 0.23–0.59 μg/mL and the LOQ was 0.71–1.78 μg/mL for each of the drugs analyzed. The method was capable of detecting and quantifying each drug in a mixture with good resolution and a total run time of less than 5 min. Herein, we report an efficient and rapid analytical method for the simultaneous detection of multiple PPIs in a mixture.
Mode locking in a fiber laser with a long-period fiber grating

We consider modelocking in an optical fiber laser cavity using a passive long period fiber grating. The grating as a passive modelocking element arises from the the nonlinear mode-coupling which occurs between co-propagating core and cladding modes. The underlying concept is as follows: a resonant and linear mode-coupling interaction transfers energy periodically between the core and cladding modes. Nonlinearity, however, can be used to detune the resonant interaction by shifting the propagation constant of each mode via self-phase and cross-phase modulation. Thus the low intensity parts of a pulse which propagate through the grating can be coupled out to the cladding and attenuated while high intensity portions are detuned and transmitted through the grating with minimal loss. This intensity discrimination when acting in combination with chromatic dispersion, self-phase modulation, and a bandwidth limited gain, can lead to stable modelocking operation in a optical fiber laser cavity. Stable pulses are generated for a wide variety of nonlinear coupling strengths between core and cladding modes. Further, dispersive radiation can be completely attenuated while generating the stable pulse trains. Self-starting in the cavity along with stability of the pulse trains under perturbation are considered. In conclusion, the long period fiber grating provides a simple, compact passive component for a modelocked laser source which is robust and efficient.
Nematode infections: is it wise to withhold medical treatment during pregnancy? I. Biliary complications.

Summary Appropriate medical treatment should be provided in ascariasis because this benign infection could causeunusual and dangerous complications in pregnancy and may increase maternal-fetal morbidity and mortality
Interactive analysis environment of unified accelerator libraries

Unified Accelerator Libraries (UAL, http://www.ual.bnl.gov) software is an open accelerator simulation environment addressing a broad spectrum of accelerator tasks ranging from efficient online-oriented modeling to full-scale realistic beam dynamics studies. The paper introduces a new package integrating UAL simulation algorithms with the QT-based Graphical User Interface and the ROOT data analysis and visualization framework (http://root.cern.ch). The primary user application is implemented as an interactive and configurable Accelerator Physics Player. Its interface to visualization components is based on the QT layer (http://root.bnl.gov) supported by the STAR experiment.
Northern Gulf of Mexico continental slope

The hummocky continental slope in the northwestern Gulf of Mexico is the result of active salt tectonism and accompanying faulting. Fluid and gassy hydrocarbons rise through the sediment column and along faults causing the formation of gas hydrates, gassy sediments, mud volcanoes and mounds, chemosynthetic communities and authigenic carbonates, reefs, and hardgrounds. Salt activity coupled with processes associated with relative sea level fluctuations create a feedback relationship resulting in the above-mentioned phenomena as well as others such as seafloor erosion at great water depths.
The compressed geomagnetic field as a function of dipole tilt

Abstract The currents on the precisely calculated magnetosphere surface previously reported have been integrated with the same accuracy as used in the surface calculation to give the magnetic field at 688 points within the magnetosphere for each of eight surfaces for the tilt of the Earth's dipole in steps of 5° between 0° and 35°. The magnetic fields have then been used to fit the coefficients of a 35 term spherical harmonic expansion of the scalar magnetic potential representing the field by the method of least squares fit. The coefficients for each of the eight surfaces were then represented as a power series in dipole tilt angle, λ so that the complete field can be given very conveniently for any λ. For λ = 0, the first two coefficients g10 and g21 are the dominant terms and the azimuthally dependent term g21 is 30 per cent less than that calculated by Mead and Midgley from older less accurate surface and field calculations.
Review of ladar: a historic, yet emerging, sensor technology with rich phenomenology

Ladar is becoming more prominent due to the maturation of its component technologies, especially lasers. There are many forms of ladar. There is simple two-dimensional (2-D) ladar, similar to a passive electro-optic sensor, but with controlled illumination and the ability to see at night even at short wavelengths. There is three-dimensional (3-D) ladar, with angle/angle/range information. 3-D images are very powerful because shape is an invariant. 3-D images can be easily rotated to various perspectives. You can add gray scale or color, just like passive, or 2-D ladar, imaging. You can add precise velocity measurement, including vibrations. Ladar generates orders of magnitude higher frequency change then microwave radar for velocity measurement, because frequency change is proportional to one over the wavelength. Orders of magnitude higher frequency change means you can measure a given velocity orders of magnitude quicker, in many cases making an accurate measurement possible. Polarization can be used. With an active sensor you control both the illumination and the reception, so you can pattern the illumination. Also, because ladar can use narrow band illumination it is easier to easier to coherently combine sub-aperture images to obtain the higher resolution of an array.
Magnetoresistance of Iron Whiskers

Transverse magnetoresistance measurements on iron whiskers with axes along $〈100〉$, $〈110〉$, and $〈111〉$ have been made in fields up to 50 kOe. Measurements have been made on whiskers with diameters ranging from 40 to 400 \ensuremath{\mu}. Sharp minima observed in the rotation diagrams measured at 50 kOe for all three orientations are consistent with the existence of open orbits along $〈100〉$ and $〈110〉$ directions. The field dependence curves show a region of negative magnetoresistance at low fields and at high fields the resistance varies as ${B}^{m}$, where $1lml2$. The extent of the negative magnetoresistance region depends both on the field orientation and the diameter of the whisker and appears to be correlated with the domain structure. A size effect has also been observed on the field dependence of resistance at high fields and on the residual resistance ratio $\frac{{\ensuremath{\rho}}_{\mathrm{RT}}}{{{\ensuremath{\rho}}_{4.2}}^{\ensuremath{\circ}}}$. Values of $\frac{{\ensuremath{\rho}}_{\mathrm{RT}}}{{{\ensuremath{\rho}}_{4.2}}^{\ensuremath{\circ}}}$ range from 200 to 2000 for the whiskers which have been measured.
Inhalation injury severity scoring system: a quantitative method

Inhalation injury, a major contributor to burn-related mortality, has been difficult to quantify. A scoring system paralleling current adult respiratory distress syndrome systems has the potential to distinguish survivors from nonsurvivors. The utility of the PaO2/FiO2 (P/F) ratio in predicting injury severity was first examined. In a review of 120 patients with inhalation injury, those with P/F ratios greater than or equal to 300 after resuscitation were more likely to survive than those with ratios less than 300. The P/F ratio had no value when obtained before resuscitation. Next, a scoring system was developed to assist in comparing the severity of injury in ventilator-dependent patients with burns. Measurements were recorded prospectively in four categories: chest x-ray evaluation, P/F ratio, peak inspiratory pressure, and bronchoscopy. When comparing survivors (20) versus nonsurvivors (6), significant differences were found early (day 0, day 1, and week 1) for P/F ratio and overall severity score. Differences were seen later (week 1 and week 2) for chest x-ray evaluation and peak inspiratory pressure values. Because of low numbers the value of bronchoscopy could not be evaluated. The role of an inhalation injury severity scoring system for predicting survival should be examined in larger prospective trials. Language: en
Periodic co-continuous acoustic metamaterials with overlapping locally resonant and Bragg band gaps

This Letter reports a group of triply periodic co-continuous acoustic metamaterials exhibiting simultaneous wave filtering capability and enhanced mechanical properties. We numerically demonstrate the existence of complete band gaps in these acoustic metamaterials, which is attributed to the coupling effects of local resonances and Bragg scattering. Intrinsically, the coupling effects are governed by the topological arrangements of the co-continuous structures and mechanical properties of constituent phases. We further show that the frequency tunability of the complete band gaps can be achieved by tailoring the geometrical arrangements and volume fraction distribution of the co-continuous acoustic metamaterials. This work provides a clue to the design of mechanically robust acoustic metamaterials to absorb acoustic and elastic waves under harsh environments.
Gifts to a science academic librarian

ABSTRACT Gifts, by their altruistic nature, perfectly fit into the environment of universities and academic libraries. As a university's community and general public continue to donate materials, libraries accept donations willingly, both in-kind and monetary. Eight steps of gift processing are listed in the paper. Positive and negative aspects of gift acceptance are discussed. Gifts bring value for academic libraries. Gifts can be considered additional routes to contribute to library collections without direct purchases, options to add money to the library budget, and the cement of social relationships. But, unfortunately, large donations are time-consuming, labor-intensive and costly to process. Great amounts of staff time and processing space are two main negative aspects that cause concern and put the value of gift acceptance under consideration by librarians. Some strategies in handling gifts are recommended. To be effective, academic science librarians need to approach gifts as an investment. Librar...
The ambiguity of interstitial bone thickness: a new approach to the mechanism of trabecular thinning.

The assumption that a change in interstitial bone thickness reflects a converse change in resorption depth was recently found to be incorrect. Accordingly, we re-examined previously published data concerning trabecular thickness and wall thickness in 15 patients with nonosteomalacic osteopenia following intestinal bypass surgery for obesity. The average number of remodeling cycles completed since the operation was calculated according to two assumptions: First, that the measured activation frequency had been present since the operation; second, that activation frequency had increased in the first two years after operation because of secondary hyperparathyroidism. In comparison with mean wall thickness in 40 normal subjects (38.6 μm), resorption depth calculated in accordance with the first assumption was significantly increased (54.1 μm; p < 0.001), but calculated in accordance with the second assumption was unchanged (42.1 μm; NS). Reasons are given for believing that the second assumption is more likely to be correct than the first. Mean trabecular thickness and mean wall thickness were significantly correlated (r = 0.68; p < 0.005). We conclude: 1) Mean resorption depth cannot be inferred from interstitial bone thickness, but can be calculated if the number of remodeling cycles corresponding to the observed structural changes is known. 2) Even though interstitial bone thickness is reduced, trabecular thinning following intestinal bypass surgery is mainly due to decreased wall thickness, as the result of defects in the recruitment and/or function of osteoblasts. The same probably applies to cancellous osteopenia in various other gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary disorders. 3) The study of intestinal bone disease may shed light on the pathogenesis of other, more common, forms of osteoporosis.
GENERALIZED LIOUVILLE PROPERTIES OF MANIFOLDS

We show Theorem 1 by giving an explicit bound on the dimension ofthis space depending only on the dimension of the manifold and the rateof growth.Theorem 1 was conjectured by Yau (see [Y3], [Y4], [Y5], and [L1]).Around 1974 Yau, [Y1], generalized the classical Liouville theorem of com-plex analysis to open manifolds with nonnegative Ricci curvature. Specif-ically, he proved that a positive harmonic function on such a manifoldmust be constant. Yau’s Liouville theorem was considerably generalizedby Cheng-Yau (see [CgY]) by means of a gradient estimate which impliesthe Harnack inequality. As a consequence of this gradient estimate (see[Cg]), on such a manifold nonconstant harmonic functions must grow atleast linearly.The case
Project interact: A study of patterns of interaction in abusive, neglectful and control families

Abstract Child Abuse refers to non-accidental physical and psychological injury to a child under the age of 18 as a result of acts of omission or commission perpetrated by a parent or caretaker. Conceptual problems abound in part because we are clearly dealing with behavior which falls along a continuum of caregiver-child relationships. At one end of the continuum we have seemingly innocuous verbal punishment — disparagement, criticism, threat and ridicule. Or, we have fairly typical forms of physical punishment such as a slap on the hand or a swat on the bottom. Then there are forms of physical punishment that exceed current community standards — hitting the child with a closed fist or with an object such as a razor strap, belt, cord, or paddle, slamming the child against the wall, kicking him, burning the child with a cigarette, scalding the child with hot water, torturing or even killing the child. It is not always clear where a particular case should be placed on this conceptual continuum. What is more devastating to the development of a child, a single occasion where a parent loses control and slams a child across the room, in the process knocking out a tooth and breaking a child's arm, or the persistent day-by-day, month-by-month, year-by-year use of ridicule, criticism and sarcasm toward that child? Nor is it always clear whether acts of omission which are harmful to the child (i.e., neglect) are functionally equivalent to acts of commission that harm the child. This problem of definition and the establishment of a uniform response class is but one of many problems plaguing the systematic study of child abuse. Other problems such as the tendency to dramatize the bizarre and extreme use of physical violence or aggression at the expense of more subtle forms of verbal punishment, the tendency to equate child abuse either with psychopathology, on the one hand, or with poverty, on the other, and the tendency to rely upon impressionistic accounts of behavior also have retarded the accumulation of sound knowledge about the causes, consequences, treatment and prevention of abusive behavior.
Molecular dynamics simulation study of the ejection of polymer molecules and generation of molecular balloons in matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation

Coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations are performed to investigate the origins of the surface features observed in films deposited by the Matrix-Assisted Pulsed Laser Evaporation (MAPLE) technique. The simulations of MAPLE are performed for polymer concentrations up to 6 wt.% and a broad range of laser fluences. The polymer molecules are found to be ejected only in the ablation regime and are always incorporated into polymer-matrix clusters/droplets generated in the process of the explosive disintegration of the overheated matrix. The entanglement of the polymer molecules facilitates the formation of intricate elongated viscous droplets that can be related to the complex morphologies observed in polymer films deposited by MAPLE. The effect of dynamic molecular redistribution in the ejected matrix-polymer droplets, leading to the generation of transient molecular balloons in which polymer-rich surface layers enclose the volatile matrix material, has been identified as the mechanism responsible for the formation of characteristic wrinkled polymer structures observed experimentally in films deposited by MAPLE.
A Theory of Content and Other Essays

This collection of new and previously published essays reflects the major research and thought of one of today's preeminent philosophers of mind. The first seven essays are philosophical pieces that focus on mental representation and the foundations of intentionality; these are followed by four psychological essays on cognitive architecture. In his eloquent introduction Fodor shows how the two areas are thematically united and epistemologically related, highlighting his concern in finding alternatives to holistic accounts of mental content. Fodor's philosophical essays develop an informational view of semantics that offers the possibility of atomism about meaning; his psychological essays present a modular view of cognitive architecture that offers the possibility of atomism about perception. These ideas, he points out, are joined in epistemology in way that the books last essay begins to explore. Taken together, the essays represent Fodor's lively attempt to knock the underpinnings from the currently popular relativism to show that the arguments for semantic and psychological holism are insubstantial and that important alternatives exist to be explored. Jerry A. Fodor is Professor of Philosophy at Rutgers University and at the City University of New York Graduate Center. A Bradford Book
Polymorphism of endogenous murine leukemia viruses revealed by isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide gels.

Abstract An analysis of structural proteins from a group of endogenous murine type-C viruses has been made by the application of isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide gels. The gp70 and p12 components focused at rather acidic pIs, while the p10 protein was found at a strongly basic pI (9.6). Significant isoelectric heterogeneity was observed in the major virion core protein p30, for which isoelectric points were found to vary from a pI of 5.8 for the B-tropic isolate from the BALB c mouse strain, WN1802B, to a pI of 6.8 for the Gross leukemia virus.
Preserving privacy in web services

Web services are increasingly being adopted as a viable means to access Web-based applications. This has been enabled by the tremendous standardization effort to describe, advertise, discover, and invoke Web services. Digital government (DG) is a major application domain for Web services. It aims at improving government-citizen interactions using information and communication technologies. Government agencies collect, store, process, and share information about millions of citizens who have different preferences regarding their privacy. This naturally raises a number of legal and technical issues that must be addressed to preserve citizens' privacy through the control of the information flow amongst different entities (users, Web services, DBMSs). Solutions addressing this issue are still in their infancy. They consist, essentially, of enforcing privacy by law or by self-regulation. In this paper, we propose a new technical approach for preserving privacy in government Web services. Our design is based on digital privacy credentials, data filters and mobile privacy preserving agents. This work aims at establishing the feasibility and provable reliability of technology-based privacy preserving solutions for Web service infrastructures.
CORR Insights®: Staphylococcus aureus colonization among arthroplasty patients previously treated by decolonization protocol: a pilot study.

This CORR Insights®is a commentary on the article “Staphylococcus aureus Colonization among Arthroplasty Patients Previously Treated by Decolonization Protocol: A Pilot Study” by Economedes and colleagues available at: DOI:10.1007/s11999-013-2856-3. The author certifies that he, or a member of his immediate family, has no funding or commercial associations (eg, consultancies, stock ownership, equity interest, patent/licensing arrangements, etc) that might pose a conflict of interest in connection with the submitted article. All ICMJE Conflict of Interest Forms for authors and Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research® editors and board members are on file with the publication and can be viewed on request. The opinions expressed are those of the writers, and do not reflect the opinion or policy of CORR® or the Association of Bone and Joint Surgeons®. This CORR Insights® comment refers to the article available at DOI: 10.1007/s11999-013-2856-3.
Regulatory mechanisms of apoptosis in regularly dividing cells

Correspondence: Ribal S Darwish Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Maryland Medical Center, 22 S Greene St, Baltimore, Maryland 21201-1595, USA Tel +1 (410) 328-6120 Fax +1 (410) 328-0544 Email rdarwish@anes.umm.edu Abstract: The balance between cell survival and death is essential for normal development and homeostasis of organisms. Apoptosis is a distinct type of cell death with ultrastructural features that are consistent with an active, inherently controlled process. Abnormalities and dysregulation of apoptosis contribute to the pathophysiology of multiple disease processes. Apoptosis is strictly regulated by several positive and negative feedback mechanisms that regulate cell death and determine the final outcome after cell exposure to apoptotic stimuli. Mitochondria and caspases are central components of the regulatory mechanisms of apoptosis. Recently, noncaspase pathways of apoptosis have been explored through the studies of apoptosis-inducing factor and endonuclease G. Multiple difficulties in the apoptosis research relate to apoptosis detection and imaging. This article reviews current understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of apoptosis.
Data center TCO benefits of reduced system airflow

New blade chassis designs, with banks of aggregate fans and system-level thermal architectures which precisely manage airflow, have enabled a new level of energy savings for enterprise customers that extends beyond the system and offers an opportunity for new system thermal design principles. By reducing system airflow rate to an absolute minimum, system fan power is minimized. More significantly, lowering airflow rates reduces data center cooling infrastructure power requirements. This work outlines the opportunities enabled by extending this concept to all IT equipment design and coupling the concept with data centers control mechanisms, tying server inlet temperatures to air conditioning flow rates and set point temperatures, for breakthrough infrastructure cost structures.
Modeling and prediction of peptide drift times in ion mobility spectrometry using sequence-based and structure-based approaches

The mobile behavior of 1481 peptides in ion mobility spectrometry (IMS), which are generated by protease digestion of the Drosophila melanogaster proteome, is modeled and predicted based on two different types of characterization methods, i.e. sequence-based approach and structure-based approach. In this procedure, the sequence-based approach considers both the amino acid composition of a peptide and the local environment profile of each amino acid in the peptide; the structure-based approach is performed with the CODESSA protocol, which regards a peptide as a common organic compound and generates more than 200 statistically significant variables to characterize the whole structure profile of a peptide molecule. Subsequently, the nonlinear support vector machine (SVM) and Gaussian process (GP) as well as linear partial least squares (PLS) regression is employed to correlate the structural parameters of the characterizations with the IMS drift times of these peptides. The obtained quantitative structure-spectrum relationship (QSSR) models are evaluated rigorously and investigated systematically via both one-deep and two-deep cross-validations as well as the rigorous Monte Carlo cross-validation (MCCV). We also give a comprehensive comparison on the resulting statistics arising from the different combinations of variable types with modeling methods and find that the sequence-based approach can give the QSSR models with better fitting ability and predictive power but worse interpretability than the structure-based approach. In addition, though the QSSR modeling using sequence-based approach is not needed for the preparation of the minimization structures of peptides before the modeling, it would be considerably efficient as compared to that using structure-based approach.
Patterns of Drug Use and Criminal Activities Among Latino Arrestees in California: Treatment and Policy Implications

This study examined the patterns of drug use and criminal activities among Latino arrestees. The findings indicate that while the prevalence of drug use at time of arrest, and in the prior 12 months were significantly lower for Latinos compared to Whites and Blacks, drug use still is of concern for this ethnic group. Almost 50% of Latinos reported drug use in the last year, and more importantly, they were more likely to report using dangerous drugs such as cocaine, heroin, and PCP than any other ethnic group. These findings are even more alarming considering that, for the most part, Latino drug users were treatment-naive, and that less than half perceived a need for drug treatment. Regarding criminal activities, Latinos were less likely to have a history of prior arrests and to have been arrested in the year prior to the interview than any other ethnic group. Interestingly, those immigrants who have resided in the U.S. for less than 1 year were significantly more likely to have been charged with drug-related crimes. U.S. born Latinos were more likely to have been arrested for property crimes, while Central American immigrants were more likely than any other Latino group to have been arrested for violent and domestic violence crimes. Treatment and policy implications of these findings are discussed.
Teacher Learning, Instructional Considerations and Principal Communication: Lessons from a Longitudinal Study of Collaborative Data Use by Teachers.

Drawing from a three-year qualitative multi-case study that examined three urban elementary schools as these schools instituted grade-level data-based collaboration as a school-wide literacy reform strategy, this article investigates how knowledge of student learning and instructional considerations evolved over time across this collection of grade-level teams from data-based collaboration. For grade-level teams in this study, the generation of student learning knowledge from data-based collaboration was not an automatic outcome, but one that developed over time. The activation and use of student learning knowledge for instructional considerations also developed over time but varied by type of instructional consideration. Principal communication associated with data-based collaboration, a facet of their role as reform sensegivers, is also explored as a factor of influence related to the generation of student learning knowledge and activation and use of knowledge for instructional considerations from data-...
Redefining Conflict Resolution Styles for Latino Couples: Examining the Role of Gender and Culture

Research on conflict resolution is essential for working with couples in therapy, however, much of the literature informing this work is Eurocentric and culturally insensitive. The primary aim of the authors in this exploratory study was to present redefined, culturally informed subscales adapted for Latino couples. Conflict resolution styles were examined with 191 Latino couples residing in the United States. Five new conflict resolution styles were created from Gottman's Marital Conflict Scale and family therapy literature. Multiple analysis of variance were used for the analyses. Latina/o critical race theory informed this discussion specific to gender and culture, as well as clinical and research implications.
Frequent Tables for Fast K-Anonymization

K-anonymization is an important approach to protect data privacy in data publishing. When there are multiple constraints, K-anonymizing a table to satisfy all the constraints is much more complex. We propose a K-anonymization approach, FTB-Classfly, which is based on frequent tables. In stead of generalizing all values in an attribute, FTB-Classfly only generalizes partial tuples that do not satisfy the constraints. By using frequent tables, FTB-Classfly provides higher efficiency than existing approaches. Experimental results show that the proposed FTB-Classfly approach can generate a published table more efficiently than other approaches.
Endoscopic resection of minor papilla adenomas (with video)

Background Although there are several large series on endoscopic resection of the major duodenal papilla, only commentary on individual cases has been presented on endoscopic minor papilla resection. Objective To evaluate the technical success and safety of endoscopy for resection of minor papilla adenomas. Design Observational study. Setting Academic tertiary-referral center. Patients Consecutive patients referred for endoscopic resection of minor papilla adenomas over a 12-month period. Interventions All patients underwent an EUS before an ERCP to exclude ductal involvement by the tumor and for evaluation of pancreatic-ductal anatomy. The minor papilla was removed by snare electrocautery in all patients. A pancreatic stent was placed in the dorsal duct in patients with pancreas divisum as a prophylaxis for post-ERCP pancreatitis. Complications were assessed per consensus criteria. Main Outcome Measurements To evaluate the technical success and safety of endoscopy for resection of minor papilla adenomas. Observations Three patients underwent endoscopic resection of minor papilla adenomas over a 12-month period. The first patient had minor papilla adenoma, the second had coexisting pancreas divisum anatomy, and the third had adenomatous involvement of both the major and minor papillas. Minor papilla resection was technically successful in all 3 patients, with dual major and minor papilla resection in 1 patient who had adenomatous changes at both sites. Although 2 patients experienced no complications, the patient with pancreas divisum developed mild post-ERCP pancreatitis. At a 12-month follow-up, there was no evidence of tumor recurrence in any of the 3 patients. Limitation Small number of patients. Conclusions In experienced hands, endoscopic resection of the minor papilla is technically feasible, safe, and is associated with favorable clinical outcomes.
Independent vector analysis incorporating active and inactive states

Independent vector analysis (IVA) is a method for separating convolutedly mixed signals that avoids the well-known permutation problem in frequency domain blind source separation (BSS). In this paper, we exploit the nonstationarity of signals, a common feature, for BSS. One common type of nonstationarity, especially in speech, is that the signal can have silence periods intermittently, hence varying the set of active sources with time. To deal with such situations, we propose a novel state-based IVA algorithm. Moreover, we consider additive noise in our model. Computer simulations are conducted to compare the proposed method with the standard IVA and the results compare favorably.
Bentley's Collation of Codex Bezae

Not mentioned by Scrivener (Bezae Codex Cantabrigiensis, p. xii), and hitherto unnoticed, is the collation of Codex Bezae with the text of Stephanus made by Richard Bentley († 1742) and numbered Adv. e. 2. 1 in the collection of his books preserved at Trinity College, Cambridge.
Can R*s Predict Invasion in Semi-arid Grasslands?

We estimated R*s and tested the applicability of R* theory on nonindigenous plant invasions in semi-arid rangeland. R* is the concentration of a resource that a species requires to survive in a habitat. R* theory predicts that a species with a lower R* for the most limiting resource will competitively displace a species with a higher R* under equilibrium conditions. In a greenhouse, annual sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), bluebunch wheatgrass (Agropyron spicatum Pursh), and spotted knapweed (Centaurea maculosa Lam.) were grown in monoculture and 2- and 3-species mixtures for three growth periods in an attempt to reduce soil NO3-N concentrations below each species’ R*. At the end of each growth period, aboveground biomass by species and soil plant available nitrogen were sampled. Decreasing biomass coupled with decreasing soil plant available nitrogen was used to quantify R*s for the three species. R*s for annual sunflower, bluebunch wheatgrass, and spotted knapweed were estimated to be 0.6±0.16 ppm NO3−, less than 0.05 ppm NO3−, and 0.6±0.13 ppm NO3−, respectively. Estimated R*s did not predict the outcome of competition among species. To successfully predict plant community dynamics on semi-arid rangeland with and without the presence of a nonindigenous invasive species, a more comprehensive model that includes mechanisms in addition to competition may have to be considered. We speculate that R* theory may prove most useful for predicting the outcome of competition within functional groups.
Equity and efficiency preferences of health policy makers in China—a stated preference analysis

Background Macroeconomic growth in China enables significant progress in health care and public health. It faces difficult choices regarding access, quality and affordability, while dealing with the increasing burden of chronic diseases. Policymakers are pressured to make complex decisions while implementing health strategies. This study shows how this process could be structured and reports the specific equity and efficiency preferences among Chinese policymakers. Methods In total, 78 regional, provincial and national level policymakers with considerable experience participated in a discrete choice experiment, weighting the relative importance of six policy attributes describing equity and efficiency. Results from a conditional logistic model are presented for the six criteria, measuring the associated weights. Observed and unobserved heterogeneities were incorporated and tested in the model. Findings are used to give an example of ranking health interventions in relation to the present disease burden in China. Results In general, respondents showed strong preference for efficiency criteria i.e. total beneficiaries and cost-effectiveness as the most important attributes in decision making over equity criteria. Hence, priority interventions would be those conditions that are most prevalent in the country and cost least per health gain. Conclusion Although efficiency criteria override equity ones, major health threats in China would be targeted. Multicriteria decision analysis makes explicit important trade-offs between efficiency and equity, leading to explicit, transparent and rational policy making.
The Changing Political Environment for Tobacco—Implications for Southern Tobacco Farmers, Rural Economies, Taxpayers, and Consumers

The farm level economic implications of the political turmoil surrounding tobacco are examined. Tobacco ranks first in crop receipts in the Southeastern United States. Free market advocates typically want to eliminate the tobacco program because of its cartellike nature, Health advocates want to maintain the program because it limits tobacco production. Cigarette manufacturers tolerate the program because of the political support they receive from program stakeholders. The effects of cigarette price increases with and without a program are examined. Whether or not the program is maintained in the face of declining tobacco demand has significant implications for Southern agriculture.
Relatedness among people diagnosed with dementia: Social cognition and the possibility of friendship:

In this study, we examined the social relatedness of people in the moderate stage of dementia as defined by their performance on standard tests and clinical examination. The individuals herein were...
Spinal cord compression–do we miss it?

Four children with spinal cord compression due to malignant tumours are presented. The severity of the condition was not initially recognized by parents, or the nature of the likely cause by the initial physicians. Lower limb asymmetrical weakness, clear-cut sensory levels, and marked pain indicate need for urgent imaging and exclusion of a space occupying lesion. In 1997 diagnosis of Guillain-Barre syndrome should not be made without careful prior spinal imaging.
An examination of the curvilinear relationship between leader–member exchange and intent to turnover

Based on the theoretical identification of three different motivational forces for voluntary turnover—affective, calculative, and alternative—we hypothesize that the relationship between supervisor–subordinate relationship quality (i.e., leader–member exchange) and turnover intentions is best represented as curvilinear as opposed to linear. We test this hypothesis in two organizational samples consisting of 402 employees from a water management district and 183 employees from a distribution services organization. We found support for the hypothesis in both samples. We offer directions for future research. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparing reliability and validity of pediatric instruments for measuring health and well‐being of children with spastic cerebral palsy

This study sought to examine the reliability and validity of three generic instruments for measuring the health of children with cerebral palsy (CP) and to compare them with a disease-specific measure, the Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM). The Pediatric Evaluation and Disability Inventory (PEDI), the Pediatric Outcomes Data Collection Instrument (PODCI), and the Child Health Questionnaire (CHQ) were completed by the primary caregivers of 115 young children with spastic CP. The GMFM was administered to the children. The mean age of the sample was 5 years 8 months (range 3:1 to 10:4) and consisted of more males (58%) than females. The PEDI scales demonstrated higher internal consistency than the PODCI and CHQ scales. In comparison with the GMFM, the PODCI transfer and mobility scale (relative validity, 62%) and the PEDI mobility scale (relative validity, 53%) detected the most significant health differences between children with hemiplegia, diplegia, and quadriplegia. The PEDI social function scale detected the largest differences in cognitive function between children with an IQ of less than 70 compared with those with an IQ of 70 or greater. The reliability and validity of these different instruments varied significantly in this patient population.
A Comprehensive Scheme for Multimedia Environmental Assessment of Emerging Energy Technologiest

Abstract The emergence of technologies being developed to meet world energy needs imposes new requirements on existing environmental analytical capabilities. These emerging technologies present unknown challenges to the environment and it is important to develop analytical schemes capable of comprehensively characterizing potential environmental problems. We have designed and implemented a three-phase, multi-media, environmental assessment scheme which characterizes the chemical and biological impact of process streams. Level 1 is a screening phase which emphasizes completeness of detection of elements, classes of organic materials, and acute biological responses. Level 2 seeks to identify specific substances identified in Level 1 as potential environmental problems and confirm the biological response. Level 3 is a quantitative study of the effect of process variables on the emission rate of specific substances indicated in Level 2. Level 1 is a standardized procedure utilizing broad capability detection ...
Helminths of Bluegills, Lepomis macrochirus, from a Northern Indiana Pond

Fifty bluegills, Lepomis macrochirus, were collected in June and July 1997 from a small eutrophic pond in northern Indiana and examined for parasites. Two species of larval helminth were recovered, Posthodiplostomum minimum and Proteocephalus sp., as well as 2 species of adult enteric nematodes, Spinitectus carolini and Camallanus oxycephalus. Posthodiplostomum minimum exhibited the highest prevalence, mean intensity, and mean abundance. Proteocephalus sp. exhibited the lowest prevalence, mean intensity, and mean abundance. The two nematode species had high prevalences and similar mean intensities and mean abundances. The intensities of Po. minimum and S. carolini increased with total host length. There was no significant difference in prevalence, mean intensity, or mean abundance between sexes for any parasite species. This is the first report of these helminth species in bluegills from Indiana.
Functional and Selective Bacterial Interfaces Using Cross-Scaffold Gold Binding Peptides

We investigated the functional and selective activity of three phage-derived gold-binding peptides on the Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacterial cell surface display scaffold (eCPX) for the first time. Gold-binding peptides, p3-Au12 (LKAHLPPSRLPS), p8#9 (VSGSSPDS), and Midas-2 (TGTSVLIATPYV), were compared side-by-side through experiment and simulation. All exhibited strong binding to an evaporated gold film, with approximately a 4-log difference in binding between each peptide and the control sample. The increased affinity for gold was also confirmed by direct visualization of samples using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Peptide dynamics in solution were performed to analyze innate structure, and all three were found to have a high degree of flexibility. Preferential binding to gold over silicon for all three peptides was demonstrated, with up to four orders of magnitude selectivity exhibited by p3-Au12. The selectivity was also clearly evident through SEM analysis of the boundary between the gold film and silicon substrate. Functional activity of bound E. coli cells was further demonstrated by stimulating filamentation and all three peptides were characterized as prolific relative to control samples. This work shows great promise towards functional and active bacterial–hybrid gold surfaces and the potential to enable the next generation living material interfaces.