cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Short Communication: An efficient parallel algorithm for multiselection

The problem of multiselection arises frequently in databases. Here, given an unordered set S of n records and a sequence of m integers 1 =< q"1 < q"2 < ... < q"m =< n we are interested in answering queries of the type 'find the q"ith smallest elements in S', the problem is to answer all these queries as fast as possible. We propose an efficient parallel algorithm for multiselection, running in O(n/p log 2m) time using p processors with 1 =< p =< [n/log n log* n], in the EREW-PRAM model.
An improved continuum skin and proximity effect model for hexagonally packed wires

This work presents approximate but closed-form expressions for ''effective'' complex-valued magnetic permeability and electric conductivity that represent the effects of proximity and skin effect losses in wound coil with hexagonally packed wires. Previous work is extended by providing improved accuracy versus finite element results for effective permeability and by providing an expression for effective conductivity, which was previously neglected. These material properties can then be used in 2D/axisymmetric finite element models in which the coil is modeled as a coarsely meshed, homogeneous region (i.e., removing the need for modeling each turn in the coil).
A Simulation of Visual Imagery

This paper describes an operational computer simulation of visual mental imagery in humans. The structure of the simulation was motivated by results of experiments on how people represent information in, and access information from, visual images. The simulation includes a “surface representation,” which is spatial and quasi-pictorial, and an underlying “deep representation,” which contains “perceptual” information encoding appearance plus “propositional” information describing facts about an object. The simulation embodies a theory of how surface images are generated from deep representations, and how surface images are processed when one accesses information embedded in them. The simulation also offers an account of various sorts of imagery transformations.
The Murine Ah locus: In utero toxicity and teratogenesis associated with genetic differences in benzo[a]pyrene metabolism

Benzo[a]pyrene, at doses between 50 and 300 mg per kg body weight given at Day 7 or 10 of gestation, causes in utero toxicity and teratogenicity more so in genetically “responsive” C57BL/6 than in “nonresponsive” AKR inbred mice. With the use of AKR × (C57BL/6)(AKR)F1, and (C57BL/6) (AKR)F1 × AKR backcrosses, it was shown that allelic differences at the Ah locus in the fetus can be correlated with dysmorphogenesis. If the mother is nonresponsive (Ahd/Ahd), the Ahb/Ahd genotype in the fetus is associated with more stillborns and resorptions, decreased fetal weight, increased congenital anomalies, and enhanced P1,-450-mediated covalent binding of BP metabolites to fetal protein and DNA, when compared with the Ahd/Ahd genotype in the fetus from the same uterus. If the mother is responsive (Ahb/Ahd), however, none of these parameters can be distinguished between Ahb/Ahd and Ahd/Ahd individuals in the same uterus, presumably because enhanced BP metabolism in maternal tissues and placenta cancels out these differences between individual fetuses. Of particular interest in our study is the fact that the mother and the father both must be of a particular genotype before differences in teratogenesis among fetuses (due to their genotype) will be expressed. These data might provide an example in attempting to explain clinically why only one child is affected with an apparent “drug-induced syndrome” although the mother has taken the same dose of the particular drug during each of numerous pregnancies.
Development and Use of an Airborne Air Marker for Atmospheric Research

Abstract Common motor oil is injected into the exhaust manifold of an aircraft where it is vaporized, and then mixes into the cold outside air to condense into a dense oil fog. This air marking technique has been used in atmospheric research activities to visually track or maintain contact between research aircraft in flight, and to track seeded plumes and air parcels.
Rumen and milk odd- and branched-chain fatty acid proportions are minimally influenced by ruminal volatile fatty acid infusions

Abstract The objective of this study was to determine if ruminally infusing volatile fatty acid (VFA) increased concentration of their homologous odd- and branched-chain fatty acid (OBCFA) in rumen contents and milk. The influence of VFA on dry matter intake (DMI), blood metabolites, and blood insulin was also evaluated. Four mid-lactation cows were assigned to a 4×4 Latin square design with 48-h periods. Infusion treatments were acetate (AC), propionate (PR), isovalerate (IV), and anteisovalerate (AIV). Infusions began (time = 0) 5.5h before feeding at 17.4mmol of VFA/min and were terminated at 18h. Infusions rates were well above physiological levels for IV and AIV. Surprisingly, the greatest differences in rumen OBCFA were increases in rumen liquid iso C15:0 and nonbranched C17:0 for AIV. In addition, infusing AIV increased anteiso C15:0 and anteiso C17:0 in rumen solid contents. Infusing IV increased iso C15:0 in both rumen solids and milk. Propionate increased milk C15:0 and C17:0. Both gluconeogenic compounds, PR and AIV, had similar proportions of milk C15:0, which was greater than that obtained with AC and IV. Rumen and blood VFA were as expected, with increased concentrations of the VFA present in the infusate. At 23h, and consistently throughout infusions, DMI was similar for AC compared with PR and for AIV compared with IV. Both IV and AIV decreased DMI and energy balance; however, only IV increased plasma nonesterified fatty acids (121, 78, 172, and 102m M for AC, AIV, IV, and PR), increased β-hydroxybutyrate (10.8, 5.9, 51.9, 5.4mg/dL for AC, AIV, IV, and PR), and reduced plasma glucose (56.3, 59.1, 31.9, and 64.3mg/dL for AC, AIV, IV, and PR). Rumen and milk OBCFA responses were minimal following infusion of large amounts of IV and AIV, suggesting limited use of IV, and AIV for de novo OBCFA synthesis, either pre- or postabsorption. Minor increases in milk odd-chain fatty acids following large doses of ruminal PR support the presence of postabsorptive synthesis of these milk odd-chain fatty acids.
Methodological requirements for information systems development

A systems development methodology is a collection of procedures, tools, and techniques to develop computer based information systems. To develop better information systems, research studies have suggested several requirements for these methodologies. These requirements may not be equally important for practitioners. Identification of their importance for practitioners can guide researchers to solve practical issues in systems development. It will also be useful to evaluate and compare various methodologies. A study in which theoretical requirements were presented to practitioners for evaluation is presented and its findings described.
Physiologically based pharmacokinetic model of lapatinib developed in mice and scaled to humans

Lapatinib is an oral 4-anilinoquinazoline derivative that dually inhibits epidermal growth factor receptor and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). This drug is a mere decade old and has only been approved by the FDA for the treatment of breast cancer since 2007. Consequently, the intricacies of the pharmacokinetics are still being elucidated. In the work presented herein, we determined the biodistribution of orally administered lapatinib in mouse plasma, brain, heart, lung, kidney, intestine, liver, muscle and adipose tissue. Using this data, we subsequently developed a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model of lapatinib in mice that accurately predicted the tissue concentrations after doses of 30, 60 and 90 mg/kg. By taking into account interspecies differences in physiology and physiochemistry, we then extrapolated the mouse PBPK model to humans. Our model predictions closely reflected lapatinib plasma pharmacokinetics in healthy subjects. Additionally, we were also able to simulate the pharmacokinetics of this drug in the plasma of patients with solid malignancies by incorporating a decrease in liver metabolism into the model. Finally, our PBPK model also facilitated the estimation of various human tissue exposures to lapatinib, which harmonize with the organ-specific toxicities observed in clinical trials. This first-generation PBPK model of lapatinib can be further improved with a greater understanding of lapatinib absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion garnered from subsequent in vitro and in vivo studies and expanded to include other pharmacokinetic determinants, including efflux transporters, metabolite generation, combination dosing, etc., to better predict lapatinib disposition in both mouse and man.
Six year multicenter surveillance of invasive pneumococcal infections in children.

Objective.Monitor clinical and microbiologic features including antimicrobial susceptibility of invasive pneumococcal infections among children.Design.A 6-year (September, 1993, through August, 1999) prospective surveillance study of all invasive pneumococcal infections in children.Patients.Infants
Magnetorheological fluid damper dynamics: models and measurements

Many efforts to understand the response of magnetorheological (MR) fluid dampers have been undertaken in the past several years. Such components are of great interest for use in automotive suspension and safety systems, as well as in aerospace and civil applications. Physically sensible models that contain realistic descriptions of fluid flow would be of great utility in optimizing the performance of these dampers. While simple models based on the familiar Bingham plastic MR fluid constitutive relation capture many of the key features of the steady-state damper response, including the existence of a magnetic-field-dependent 'yield force' and the reduction of the damping coefficient at high velocities, such models do not describe the more complex velocity dependence and dynamic response of the force observed in real dampers. Unfortunately, experimental data on viscometric flows of MR fluids at the high shear rates encountered in MR dampers are scarce. Moreover, a number of sophisticated damper models are available, but many use mathematical constructs that are not easily understood in terms of physical phenomena. Motivated by these challenges, we have measured the response of two automotive MR shock absorbers and developed a lumped-parameter model to describe their dynamic response. Using the parameters provided by this model, we have also compared the measured damper response with that predicted by simple models of magnetic flux and fluid flow in these components.
A Mössbauer spectrometry study of the kinetics of short-range ordering in FeCo

Abstract Making use of the systematics of 57Fe hyperfine magnetic fields (HMFs) in b.c.c. Fe-Co alloys, we have performed a Mossbauer spectrometry study of the disorder→order transformation in FeCo. Features of the 57Fe HMF distribution were used to identify: (1) the numbers of 57Fe atoms near antiphase domain boundaries, and (2) the numbers of 57Fe atoms situated on Co sites. To produce an initial state of disorder, the alloys were rapidly quenched, mostly by the piston-anvil technique. Low-temperature annealings were then used to prepare different degrees of short-range order in these materials. The number of 57Fe atoms near antiphase domain boundaries decreases more quickly with ordering than the number of 57Fe atoms situated on Co sites. This is consistent with a picture in which a dense formation of small moderately ordered domains develops very quickly, and the domains grow quickly. This is followed by an increase of order within the domains.
Feasibility Of Glass Processing By Precision Machine Technology

As early as 1927, methods of rendering glass and glassy materials more susceptible to mechanical destruction have been investigated. Considerable literature has been published in the fields of diamond drilling, the scribing and identing of glass as well as other nonmetallic materials. Little significant progress has been made in either determining the conditions under which this can be accomplished or any sound description of the underlying mechanisms. This literature led us, some months ago, to attempt to apply these concepts to the possibility of applying precision machine technology and diamond turning to processing glass used in optical applications. Initial findings indicate that material can be removed from glass components without large tool wear, and that experiments relating surface character to machine parameters reveal near theoretical surfaces in the machined area. In this paper, criteria for determining what constitutes a machined "optical quality" or "easily polished" surface will be described. Also, experimental results relating machined surface character to machine parameters will be presented.
Key questions in developing biomarkers of aging.

Abstract A series of questions is presented regarding a logical strategy for developing biomarkers of aging. The questions pertain to the conceptualization process in determining how to define aging and what extraneous and possibly confounding variables must be controlled in measuring this epiphenomenon. In addition, the investigator must consider the degree of generalization that is intended to apply to a candidate biomarker of aging. Empirical questions are also to be considered. Specifically, how will reliability and validity of the candidate biomarker be quantified and assessed? What statistical methods will be applied in this process? The need for agreement on how to direct the conceptualization of this effort is also emphasized.
Metazoan phylogeny and the Cambrian radiation

Sequence analysis of small-subunit ribosomal RNA (18S rRNA) has provided important new pieces for the great puzzle of metazoan phylogeny and has generated new perspectives on the Precambrian-Cambrian fossil record of the metazoan radiation. While the puzzle is far from resolved and the early results are plagued by difficulties in data analysis, intriguing insights have appeared. Early results suggest that molluscs and lophophorates are protostomes, and that deuterostomes may be derived from protostomes. More speculatively, annelids and molluscs may be derived from arthropods or an arthropod ancestor. The molecular evidence further strengthens paleontological arguments for an explosive metazoan radiation near the Vendian-Cambrian boundary, rather than a lengthy, but hidden, period of Precambrian diversification.
Construct validity of the K-ABC with an at-risk preschool population

The purpose of the study was to explore the construct validity of the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children (K-ABC) for an at-risk preschool population. The sample consisted of 122 preschoolers from two Midwestern states. Because the K-ABC's authors conceived of an instrument that would measure processing and achievement as separate constructs, two confirmatory factor analyses were done. One analysis compared correlated and uncorrelated models for only the processing variables. The second analysis compared correlated and uncorrelated factor models for the processing and achievement subtests combined. In each case the correlated models fit the data significantly better than the uncorrelated models. We concluded that district constructs of simultaneous and sequential processing could not be verified by this test alone. However, further analyses supported the K-ABC subscales as strong measures of g.
Feeding the Elite: The Evolution of Elite Pathways from Star High Schools to Elite Universities

During the last 50 years, private ‘feeder’ schools in Japan came to dominate entry into elite colleges. Intense organizational competition shaped the organizational environment and changed the pathways available to social elites. Compared to Japan, elite private feeders in the US have failed to dominate pathways into elite colleges.
Is there evidence for neuronal loss in schizophrenia

Almost all cell counting studies of schizophrenia published between 1972 and 1991 have reported a reduction in the density of neurons in several different corticolimbic regions. More recently, however, several groups have failed to detect a change of this type in the cortex of schizophrenic patients. These discrepant findings are discussed in relation to a variety of factors, including the heterogeneity of patient samples, various ways that tissues have been processed, the use of two-dimensional versus three-dimensional cell counting techniques and differences in the brain regions that were examined in various studies. Although no single factor can explain the discrepancies, it has become clear that neuronal loss in schizophrenia, where present, is quite subtle and is probably neither necessary nor sufficient to explain the occurrence of this disorder.
Separation of VX-2 rabbit carcinoma-derived cells capable of releasing collagenase

Abstract Primary and secondary cultures of VX-2 carcinoma produced high levels of collagenase activity in both active and latent forms in serum-free media. These cultures appeared morphologically heterogeneous in phase-contrast microscopy and revealed the presence of mainly three distinct forms; epithelial-like cells (E cells), fibroblast-like cells (F cells), and large rounded-flat cells which may represent a subclass of the F cells. Cell separation techniques such as brief dispase treatment, Percoll gradient centrifugation, thimerosal treatment, and rabbit serum were used to obtain predominantly one form or the other. The E cells never formed a monolayer but rather grew as limited size clusters of intimately associated cells with large nuclei and often appeared multinucleated. These cells were difficult to maintain in culture or serially passed more than a few times. The F cells, rare in early cultures but having the highest growth potential, appeared in various morphological forms ranging from spindle- to stellate-shaped cells. The cells in their third passage were capable of producing palpable tumors, similar in light and electron microscopic studies to the original tumor from which they were derived, when injected intramuscularly into recipient rabbits and produced specific collagenase activity in active and latent forms in serum-free media. Ultrastructural studies suggested that the E cells were of epithelial origin whereas the F cells were similar to stromal fibroblasts. Cytogenetic studies demonstrated that almost all of the E cells showed both numerical and structural chromosomal changes in a modal number of 54 chromosomes. On the other hand, the major cell population of the F cells resembled normal rabbit fibroblasts; both contained a normal diploid (2 n = 44). However, few cells (4–6%) in the F-cell population were hyperdiploid with a modal chromosome number of 54. These cells may represent inadvertent contaminating E cells and account for the apparent limited turmorigenicity observed in early F-cell cultures. The data suggested that the E cells were of tumor origin whereas the majority of the F-cell population appeared to be of host origin. Furthermore, it is suggested that the E cells stimulate tumor-associated stromal cells to produce elevated levels of collagenolytic activity and contribute to collagen degradation during tumor invasion.
Manufacture of Concentrated, Lipid-based Oxygen Microbubble Emulsions by High Shear Homogenization and Serial Concentration

Gas-filled microbubbles have been developed as ultrasound contrast and drug delivery agents. Microbubbles can be produced by processing surfactants using sonication, mechanical agitation, microfluidic devices, or homogenization. Recently, lipid-based oxygen microbubbles (LOMs) have been designed to deliver oxygen intravenously during medical emergencies, reversing life-threatening hypoxemia, and preventing subsequent organ injury, cardiac arrest, and death. We present methods for scaled-up production of highly oxygenated microbubbles using a closed-loop high-shear homogenizer. The process can produce 2 L of concentrated LOMs (90% by volume) in 90 min. Resulting bubbles have a mean diameter of ~2 μm, and a rheologic profile consistent with that of blood when diluted to 60 volume %. This technique produces LOMs in high capacity and with high oxygen purity, suggesting that this technique may be useful for translational research labs.
Prevention by arginine glutamate of the carcinogenicity of acetamide in rats.

Abstract In confirmation of an earlier report, it was found that administration of 2.5% acetamide in the diet of rats for 12 months led to malignant liver tumors after 12–15 months of observation in approximately 50% of the animals at risk. Additional animals exhibited hyperplastic nodules and similar precancerous lesions. The combined feeding of an equimolar amount of arginine glutamate (5.6%) with 2.5% acetamide, led to virtually complete inhibition of the carcinogenic process. Untreated controls or rats fed 5.6% arginine glutamate showed no lesions in the liver. The findings are consistent with, but not necessarily related to, the hypothesis that acetamide is carcinogenic to the liver because of chronic intracellular liberation of ammonia. However, an effort to demonstrate the possible carcinogenic effect of chronic treatment with ammonium ions was equivocal inasmuch as the feeding of 4.8% ammonium citrate alone (equimolar with 2.5% acetamide) did not lead to lesions in the liver.
Description ofOceanospirillum kriegii sp. nov. andO. jannaschii sp. nov. and assignment of two species ofAlteromonas to this genus asO. commune comb. nov. andO. vagum comb. nov

Immunological studies of Fe-containing superoxide dismutase (FeSOD) and glutamine synthetase (GS) have established a close relationship betweenOceanospirillum linum (the type species of the genus),O. beijerinckii, Alteromonas communis, A. vaga, and two unnamed species of marine bacteria (groups H-1 and I-1). The four latter species have, consequently, been assigned to the genusOceanospirillum asO. commune comb. nov.,O. vagum comb. nov.,O. kriegii sp. nov. (group H-1; type strain 197, ATCC 27133), andO. jannaschii sp. nov. (group I-1; type strain 207, ATCC 27135). The phenotypic properties of these species are presented together with their distinguishing traits.
Single-Crystal Elastic Constants of Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia in the Range 20° to 700°C

Elastic constants of single crystals of yttria-stabilized zirconia were determined through the temperature range 20/phi/ to 700/sup 0/C. Crystals containing 8.1, 11.1, 12.1, 15.5, and 17.9 mol% Y/sub 2/O/sub 3/ were measured. The elastic constant C/sub 11/ was found to decrease and C/sub 12/ and C/sub 44/ to increase with increasing Y/sub 2/O/sub 3/ content; this appears to be due to decreasing coulombic interaction as Y/sup 3 +/ replaces Zr/sup 4 +/. Except for the 8.1 mol% Y/sub 2/O/sub 3/ crystal, the conventional elastic constants all showed normal monotonic decreases with increasing temperature. In the case of the 8.1 mol% Y/sub 2/O/sub 3/ crystal, measurements as a function of temperature were not reproducible, and it is likely that this composition at room temperature is below the composition limit of thermodynamic stability of the cubic fluorite phase.
Perturbation analysis of global error bounds for systems of linear inequalities

This paper studies the existence of a uniform global error bound when a system of linear inequalities is under local arbitrary perturbations. Specifically, given a possibly infinite system of linear inequalities satisfying the Slater’s condition and a certain compactness condition, it is shown that for sufficiently small arbitrary perturbations the perturbed system is solvable and there exists a uniform global error bound if and only if the original system is bounded or its homogeneous system has a strict solution.
Measurement of femtosecond laser damage thresholds at mid IR wavelengths

Laser solid interaction with < 100 fs pulses from 800 - 3600 nm wavelength was studied at 45 degree angle of incidence with s- and p-polarized light. Mid-IR femtosecond laser damage thresholds of Si, Ge, and ZnSe were determined. Obtained results were compared against existing Two Temperature Model for laser damage which was shown to fail at longer wavelengths. Experimental evidence suggests that electron dynamics at the interaction vacuum-solid interface contribute to lowering of laser damage threshold at longer wavelengths.
The Stability of the Normal Age Distribution.

There is a unique age distribution which, in certain circumstances,2 has the property of perpetuating itself when once set up in a population. This fact is easily established,3 as is also the analytical form of this unique fixed or normal age distribution.
Psychogenesis: A Theory of Perinatal Experience

Perinatal experience is posited as generative of psychogenesis: the psychological birth of the infant. The process involves a sentient human being rather than a nonconscious tabula rasa fetus. That birth experience is only traumatic is reductionist. The origins of positively colored affects as well as sexual feelings and even ecstasy may be intrauterine. The importance and complexity of the birth experience can better be described in terms of phases of being that parallel the physical stages of labor. These phases are immanence, obstruence, descendence, experience, ascendence, emergence, and transcendence. Each of these phases encompasses a unique state and dynamic process. Birth as such is shown to be a rich multidimensional experience that is also transformative.
The mechanism of regulation of fibroblastic cell replication†. I. Properties of the system

Sixty to eighty per cent of the cells in a culture of human diploid fibroblasts may be stimulated from the state of density dependent inhibition of replication to active DNA synthesis and division. The maximum response is effected by 50% serum within the pH range 7.2–8.0. The proportion of cells responding depends on the concentration of serum protein in the medium which may be effectively substituted by crystalling serum albumin. There is a differential sensitivity to the stimulus of cells in the densely packed centers of whorls and in the less dense areas between the whorls. The cell response is parasynchronous and the median durations of the various phases of the cell cycle are: G1I6β Œae® ? ∞ 8 hours, G2 = 6 hours and doubling time = 30 hours. The stimulatory effect of fresh medium is lost during contact with dense cultures so that it has only 50% of its initial capacity after 14 hours. It can be restored by dialysis against serum-free medium. The stimulus must be applied for at least ten hours to be effective in inducing DNA synthesis. During the latter half of ten hour induction period subsequent DNA synthesis becomes exquisitely sensitive to actinomycin D. After this time an increasing number of cells become irreversibly committed to replicate. The data are interpreted to indicate that during contact with serum proteins (including albumin) changes in the cell surface, if continued long enough, trigger a mechanism which involves the synthesis of a unique RNA species during the fifth to tenth hours. After this RNA has been synthesized the cells are then committed to DNA synthesis.
Retinal architecture in CNN

There is a remarkable and compelling similarity between the architecture of the retina and that of cellular neural nets (CNN): Both are massively parallel analog array processors where the strength and form of connections between neighboring elements determines the characteristics of the image processing operation. This close relationship allows us to transfer algorithms from one platform (retinal wetware) to the other (analogic software). The full complement of retinal algorithms, organized in separate interactive sheets of activity, for a complete retinal subroutine that operates in real time. Retinal algorithms can be modified in a variety of ways to form "what if" functions that are testable in the physiological preparation. These algorithms can also be implemented in CNN then applied to real-world problems. The author describes here some of his recent advances in implementing retinal function in CNN.
Ultrashort pulse generation using fast intersubband saturable absorbers in semiconductor modelocked lasers

A novel scheme is proposed for generating highly stable sub-70 fs pulses in semiconductor modelocked lasers at near-IR wavelengths (1.1-1.6 /spl mu/m) with pulse energies up to 10 pJ using fast intersubband saturable absorbers.
The Role of Evaluation in Eliminating Social Loafing

Comparability of performances within four-person groups was manipulated in a brainstorming task. Crossed with this manipulation of evaluation potential, participants' outputs either were individually identifiable or were pooled. Replicating previous social-loafing research (Latane, Williams, & Harkins, 1979), when outputs were identifiable, participants generated more uses than when their outputs were pooled. However, this difference emerged only when participants believed that their individual outputs could be evaluated through comparison with their co-workers' performances. When participants believed that their individual outputs were not comparable and thus could not be evaluated, there was no difference in the number of uses generated by participants whose outputs were identifiable and those whose outputs were pooled. These data suggest that to eliminate social loafing participants must feel not only that their outputs are individually identifiable as suggested by Williams, Harkins, and Latane (1981),...
High Performance Work Strategies: Empowerment Or Repression For The Working Class?

A brief overview of work organization from pre-industrial times to today is presented. The importance of lean production and just-in-time inventory (JIT) as high performance work organization techniques in manufacturing assembly operations is highlighted as important business strategies for firms competing in the global auto industry. Lean production and JIT strategies, when properly implemented, positively impact the need for manufacturing flexibility and customer demands for high quality and short delivery time. However, there is growing concern that these strategies are having an unintended and negative impact on worker well being. Recent empirical work on the lean production and JIT in auto assembly plants is presented in light of its impact on workers. In addition, an assessment is made as to whether these strategies empower or repress members of today's working class.
Toxic Remedy: A Case of a 3-Year-Old Child With Lead Colic Treated With Lead Monoxide (Greta)

This article reports the case of a 3-year-old male with an elevated blood lead level. The child had a history of consuming imported lead-contaminated candies resulting in abdominal pains for which he was given a Hispanic folk remedy, called greta, by his mother. The home remedy aggravated the child's symptoms which prompted medical consultation. Analysis of the powdered folk remedy revealed a lead concentration of 140 000 ppm. This case highlights the complexities associated with identifying unfamiliar sources of lead poisoning, and their potential relationships to cultural practices.
Experimentally Derived Dielectronic Recombination Rate Coefficients for Helium-like C V and Hydrogenic O VIII

Using published measurements of dielectronic recombination (DR) resonance strengths and energies for C V to C IV and O VIII to O VII, we have calculated the DR rate coefficient for these ions. Our derived rates are in good agreement with multiconfiguration, intermediate-coupling and multiconfiguration, fully relativistic calculations, as well as with most LS-coupling calculations. Our results are not in agreement with the recommended DR rates commonly used for modeling cosmic plasmas. We have used theoretical radiative recombination (RR) rates in conjunction with our derived DR rates to produce a total recombination rate for comparison with unified RR + DR calculations in LS coupling. Our results are not in agreement with undamped, unified calculations for C V but are in reasonable agreement with damped, unified calculations for O VIII. For C V, the Burgess general formula (GF) yields a rate that is in very poor agreement with our derived rate. The Burgess & Tworkowski modification of the GF yields a rate that is also in poor agreement. The Merts et al. modification of the GF yields a rate that is in fair agreement. For O VIII, the GF yields a rate that is in fair agreement with our derived rate. The Burgess & Tworkowski modification of the GF yields a rate that is in good agreement, and the Merts et al. modification yields a rate that is in very poor agreement. These results suggest that for ΔN = 1 DR, it is not possible to know a priori which formula will yield a rate closer to the true DR rate. We describe the technique used to obtain DR rate coefficients from laboratory measurements of DR resonance strengths and energies. For use in plasma modeling, we also present easy-to-use fitting formulae for the experimentally derived DR rates.
Common base amplifier with 7-dB gain at 176 GHz in InP mesa DHBT technology

We report common base power amplifiers designed for 140-220 GHz frequency band in InP mesa double heterojunction bipolar transistor (DHBT) technology. A single stage common base tuned amplifier exhibited 7-dB small-signal gain at 176 GHz. This amplifier demonstrated 8.77 dBm output power with 5-dB associated power gain at 172 GHz. The two-stage common base amplifier exhibited 8.1 dBm output power with 6.35 dB associated power gain at 176 GHz and demonstrated 9.13 dBm of saturated output power. This two stage common base amplifier exhibited 10.3 dBm output power with 3.48-dB associated power gain at 150.2 GHz.
Numerical estimation of interactive effects in single‐domain magnetite

Direct numerical calculation of interactive effects among Stoner-Wohlfarth particles is presented. Hysteresis behavior of both individual grains and the bulk sample are altered significantly by magnetic interaction between the individual grains, causing clustered single-domain particles to behave like multi-domain particles. Reversible interactive effects and tangential interactive fields are important and should not be neglected in future modeling.
Profit and policy implications of producing biodiesel–ethanol–diesel fuel blends to specification

Abstract A nonlinear optimization model is developed in this work to analyze biodiesel–ethanol–diesel (BED) ternary blending processes. The model establishes optimal blends to improve the system profitability given production costs, market demand, and fuel prices while meeting multiple property criteria such as kinematic viscosity, density, lower heating value, cloud point, cetane number, fuel stability and sulfur content. Pertinent fuel mixing rules for predicting the fuel properties of BED blends were extrapolated from previous works and applied as constraints to the present model. Several dynamic and/or uncertainty factors were explored in further depth to quantify their impacts on the fuel composition of BED blends including petro-diesel supply reduction, diesel production cost, diesel blends market retail price, and policy changes on bio-fuel subsidies. By examining key optimization sensitivity analysis such as shadow prices and opportunity costs, the crucial limits or constraints on fuel specifications can be identified and used to proactively identify and promote the development of potential additives. The model also suggests the government policy of simultaneously implementing bio-fuel tax credits and mandates may not have a higher contribution to promoting bio-fuel production than the case only with tax credits for the firms with the goal of profit maximization. The firms enable 5–8% increase of the optimal profit from BED blends by utilizing ethanol derived from food waste feedstocks instead of edible biomass.
Controversies in epidemiology and policy: salt reduction and prevention of heart disease.

For over 25 years, a scientific debate has raged about the import and impact of dietary salt consumption on hypertension and heart disease. Now, most major professional scientific organizations agree that 1) the American diet contains excessive amounts of salt (sodium), and 2) high levels of sodium consumption in a population lead to hypertension, heart attacks, and strokes. Yet, there has been no policy action. What is the evidence? What are the policy options? What is the role of the epidemiology community in promoting policies that advance public health?
Thermal injury of thoracic spinal cord after percutaneous cryoablation of spinal tumor--When needles are more dangerous than the knife.

A 27-year-old man with metastatic Ewing sarcoma presented with acute-onset paraplegia after percutaneous cryoablation of T10 vertebral metastasis. He had completed three cycles of systemic chemothe...
Extension of Hertzian Theory for Bodies With a Single Coating

The Hertzian theory is a convenient tool for analyzing counterformal bodies in mechanical contacts. However, it is limited to homogeneous materials. This paper reports the results from recent research that extends the Hertzian contact theory to layered materials. Numerical analyses are conducted to evaluate the accuracy of the formulas of the extended Hertzian theory, and the comparison with numerical solutions indicates that the formulas have sufficient accuracy.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
Mapping of the epstein-barr virus and C3dg binding sites to a common domain on complement receptor type 2

Complement receptor type 2 (CR2;CD21), a member of the superfamily of proteins containing short consensus repeats (SCRs), is the B cell receptor for both the gp350/220 envelope protein of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and for the C3dg protein of complement. By analysis of CR2 deletion mutants and chimeras formed with CR1 (CD35) we determined that of the 15 SCRs in CR2, the NH2-terminal two SCRs are necessary and sufficient to bind both gp350/220 and C3dg with affinities equivalent to those of the wild-type receptor. The epitope for OKB-7, a mAb that blocks binding of both EBV and C3dg and shares with these ligands B cell-activating capabilities, also requires both SCR-1 and SCR-2, whereas mAbs lacking these functions bind to other SCRs. Thus, EBV, a polyclonal activator of B cells, has selected a site that is proximate or identical to the natural ligand binding site in CR2, perhaps reflecting the relative immutability of that site as well as its signal transducing function.
Soluble relaxation factor from vascular smooth muscle: a myosin light chain phosphatase?

Abstract Extracts from bovine aortic muscularis contain a heat labile and ethanol-stable factor which enhances relaxation of chemically skinned fiber bundles from hog carotid artery. Relaxation promoting fractions obtained after several stages of purification are enriched in myosin light chain phosphatase activity and devoid of calmodulin, myosin light chain kinase, and cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity. These findings suggest that the relaxation-promoting factor may be a myosin light chain phosphatase and that the enzyme plays a significant role in modulating relaxation.
Left-sided Directional Bias of Cloacal Contacts During Tree Swallow Copulations

Most female birds have only a left ovary and associated oviduct with entry to the oviduct on the left side of the urodeum of the cloaca. We hypothesized that male cloacal contacts during copulation would occur from the left side of females because this would put sperm closer to the entrance of the oviduct. We observed that cloacal contacts from the left outnumbered those from the right by a margin of 3:1 during tree swallow, Tachycineta bicolor, copulations at nestboxes in western Michigan in 1999. The directional bias of cloacal contacts may have an adaptive function.
AdaTest: An efficient statistical test framework for test escape screening

Statistical analyses based on production test data can help identify test escapes, which are chips that pass the test program but fail later at system-level test or in field. Such analyses do not require extra physical measurements and can be referred to as statistical tests. For designing effective statistical tests, this paper investigates the use of a learning framework based on Adaptive Boosting, which has demonstrated great success in real-time face and object recognition. The framework is composed of a cascade of AdaBoost classifiers, each of which uses a small set of most relevant features that are automatically selected in the training phase, to identify a subset of test escapes. This framework therefore generates only the features that are most relevant for classification and significantly reduces the runtime and memory usage for statistical tests during test application. We also propose a new feature set to characterize the chips under test and demonstrate that including the new feature set as input to the proposed feature selection framework could reveal more test escapes.
5'-nucleotidase--an overview of the last three years.

There have been many exciting developments regarding the structure, function, and regulation of 5′-nucleotidase (5′-NT) during the three years since the 6th International Symposium on Purine and Pyrimidine Metabolism in Man. First, the gene for 5′-NT was cloned and sequenced from both rat liver and human placenta by Dr. Yukio Ikehara and colleagues1,2. The sequencing of the gene, along with other structural information3,4, has led to the confirmation that 5′-NT is indeed anchored into the plasma membrane via covalent linkage to glycosyl phosphatidylinositol (GPI). Second, 5′-NT was assigned to cluster of differentiation #73 (CD73) by the Fourth International Workshop on Human Leukocyte Differentiation Antigens5. The assignment of a CD number gives new stature to 5′-NT as a lymphocyte differentiation antigen in the eyes of the immunological community. Furthermore, the availability of uniform reagents will greatly facilitate studies of the expression and function of this interesting molecule on lymphocytes, as well as in other tissues. New insight into the function of 5′-NT comes from the observation that purified enzyme from chicken gizzard can serve as a receptor for the extracellular matrix proteins fibronectin and laminin6,7 and from the finding that anti-5′-NT antibodies cause activation of human lymphocytes8,9. I will use the terms 5′-NT and CD73 interchangably.
Education in 3G: Heterogeneity of Intergenerational Educational Mobility in the U. S.

Following Mare’s (2010) presidential address to the Population Association of America, a great deal of research has been conducted on the dynamics of intergenerational mobility and socioeconomic inequality. Due to this relatively short time span, however, comparatively little is known about the when, where, how, and why of intergenerational effects beyond parent-child ties. In this article, we examine educational attainment across three generations using the Panel Study of Income Dynamics. We find evidence that grandparental education is associated with grandchild education net of parental education, but that association is greatly reduced once spousal education is accounted for – suggesting spousal mediation as a key mechanism of the intergenerational transmission of educational advantage. We also find tentative evidence in favor of the augmentation hypothesis that grandparent and parent educational attainment interactively influence grandchild education. However, the augmentation hypothesis is not supported in spousal mediation models nor in cousin fixed effects models, suggesting that these results may be spurious. Contrary to prior work outside the U.S., we find no evidence of stronger grandparent effects when grandparents were still alive when the grandchild reached age 6. Supporting the claim that genetic transmission may partially explain these relationships, we find weak evidence that grandparent effects are stronger for biological grandparents than non-biological ones. Overall, this research suggests that grandparent’s educational attainment matters, but is mostly mediated through child’s spouse’s educational attainment. We suggest that three-generational transmission of educational advantage is a complex topic in need of further, careful study.
Quantum Action Principle

This Chapter, and the following one, are based on lectures given by the author in quantum field theory courses at the University of Oklahoma over several years, based in turn largely on lectures given by Schwinger at Harvard in the late 1960s.
Narrative Silence in America's Stories

AbstractIn the historical event of the American Revolution, as well as in certain central texts of the American literary imagination, a tension between the power of a community to define itself through language and the resistance of experiential history to such enclosure is represented through a particular form of narrative silence. This narrative form may first suggest repression and the failures of memory. But the American imagination has used narrative silence as a way of representing events that lie outside of the known and planned, in order to preserve the residual life of experience and so to bear witness to the imagina-tion's dependence on the whole of history. In this essay, I argue that this narrative form reveals a central paradox of the American cultural imagination: This imagination successfully encodes its story of community exactly insofar as it creates a place—in language and in thought—for the safely silent acknowl-edgement of the power of experiential knowledge and untold secrets. (Culture studies; literary criticism)
The EEG Photoparoxysmal Response

Types of photosensitivity, prevalence and other characteristics of the photoparoxysmal response (PPR), associated seizures, effect of video games, and drug therapy are reviewed by the director of electroencephalography at the University of Illinois, Chicago.
Force, Surface Pressure, and Flowfield Measurements on an Elliptical -Body Concept at Supersonic Speeds

The history and experimental background of the Langley Elliptical Body Concept are pres ented. Selected data from this concept used by The Technical Cooperation Program’s Key Technical Area 2 -19 working group in validation studies of Computational Fluid Dynamics methods are presented and analyzed. These data were obtained from separate experi mental studies over several years. The data types include force and moment coefficients, body surface pressure coefficient distributions, and vapor -screen flow visualization images. The selected data are all for Mach 2.50.
134. Free fatty acids (FFAs) induce sickness behavior via a Toll-like receptor (TLR)4 independent pathway

Saturated FFAs are ligands for TLR4 that induce a modest inflammatory response in vitro , but in vivo the immunobehavioral impact of FFAs is not well characterized. Here we examined the behavioral effects of palmitic acid (C16:0) in mice. Intraperitoneal administration of palmitic acid triggers a rapid sickness response that markedly reduces spontaneous locomotion and causes hypothermia lasting 5 h. Importantly, sickness symptoms induced by palmitic acid were not abolished or reduced in TLR4 knockout (KO) mice. Examination of the inflammatory cytokines blood demonstrated a decrease in peritoneal TNF-α and an increase in plasma and peritoneal IL-6. Finally, immune-associated gene expression in the brain, liver, spleen and fat 2 h after injection demonstrated changes in several cytokines, including IL-6 and members of the IL-1 family. These results indicate that TLR4-indepedent pathway is likely responsible for part of the sickness symptoms induced by FFAs.
The Effects of Increasing Ocular Surface Stimulation on Blinking and Tear Secretion.

Purpose. To investigate the effect of varying levels of ocular surface stimulation on the timing and amplitude of the blink and tear secretion.