cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fine-grained gesture recognition using WiFi

Gesture recognition has drawn increasingly attention in human-computer interaction (HCI) and can support a variety of emerging applications such as smart home and mobile gaming. Traditional approaches usually involve wearable sensors and specialized hardware installations. This paper presents fine-grained finger gesture recognition by using a single commodity WiFi device without requiring user to wear any sensor. Our low-cost system, WiFinger, takes advantages of the detailed channel state information (CSI) available from commodity WiFi devices and the prevalence of WiFi infrastructure. It senses and identifies subtle movements of finger gestures by examining the unique patterns exhibited in the detailed CSI. We devise environmental noise removal mechanism to mitigate the effect of signal dynamic due to the environment changes. We also design algorithm to capture the intrinsic gesture behavior to deal with individual diversity and gesture inconsistency. Our experimental evaluation in a home environment demonstrates that our system can achieve over 93% recognition accuracy and is robust to both environment changes and individual diversity.
Is Learning in Developmental Math Associated with Community College Outcomes

Objective: Remedial mathematics courses are widely considered a barrier to student success in community college, and there has been a significant amount of work recently to reform them. Yet, there is little research that explicitly examines whether increasing learning in remedial classes improves grades or completion rates. This study examines the relationship between procedural and conceptual learning in developmental math and measures of progress toward a degree, such as grades. Method: A mathematical skills assessment was given to all intermediate algebra students at a large, urban community college, and to students in the following college-level class at the beginning of the next term. Assessment scores were compared with student characteristics, grades in intermediate algebra, grades in college-level math, and whether the student earned a credential. Results: After controlling for grades in previous classes, procedural algebra skills were not associated with higher grades in college-level math. Conce...
Abstract A04: Identification of novel pancreatic cancer-specific biomarkers with organoid models

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is almost uniformly lethal and surgical intervention is the only cure. Unfortunately, the majority of patients are ineligible for resection because of the advanced stage of disease by the time of diagnosis. This is due in part to that lack of diagnostic tools, especially for families with elevated risk. Although considered an intractable and aggressive malignancy, progression from the initiating events to overt cancer requires approximately 12 years, and advancement to metastatic disease takes another 5 – 7 years. This latency indicates that there is a window for early detection and intervention. The PDA biomarker, CA19-9, is measured in the blood to follow tumor burden longitudinally, but is neither sensitive nor specific enough to be used for diagnosis. In particular, the use of CA19-9 in PDA diagnosis is problematic given the elevation of CA19-9 in benign conditions, such as pancreatitis, that have a higher incidence than PDA. To improve the diagnostic performance of CA19-9, we identified tissue- and cancer-specific protein carriers of the CA19-9 carbohydrate modification using murine and human organoid model systems of pancreatic cancer disease progression. To induce CA19-9 expression in murine organoids, two human gylcosyl transferases that were deficient in mice were ectopically expressed. CA19-9 protein carriers specific to malignancy were identified relative to normal, proliferating ductal cells. Some CA19-9 carriers that were shared between normal and malignant pancreatic ductal organoids were also detected in the sera of patients with benign pancreatic disease, highlighting their inability to distinguish malignancy from pancreatitis. Importantly, several of the tumor-specific novel CA19-9 carriers identified in organoids also discriminated between benign and malignant disease in human patient sera, and are nominated for clinical validation. Overall, organoid model systems allow identification of biomarkers that discriminate between normal proliferation and malignant conditions of multiple gastrointestinal tissues, providing a robust platform for biomarker discovery. Citation Format: Dannielle Engle, Herve Tiriac, Rivera Keith, Michael Ludwig, Chang-il Hwang, Kenneth Yu, Darryl Pappin, David Tuveson.{Authors}. Identification of novel pancreatic cancer-specific biomarkers with organoid models. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Pancreatic Cancer: Advances in Science and Clinical Care; 2016 May 12-15; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(24 Suppl):Abstract nr A04.
Rationally designed PPARδ-specific agonists and their therapeutic potential for metabolic syndrome

The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) family of nuclear receptors regulates a wide variety of lipid-related genes, including those responsible for adipose differentiation, cholesterol metabolism, and lipid metabolism and transport. There are three different PPAR nuclear receptors, with different localizations and specializations. PPARα is primarily expressed in the liver, heart, kidney, and muscle, and is involved in lipid metabolism, whereas PPARγ is expressed in adipose tissues and is a target for treating type II diabetes because of its role in insulin sensitization (1, 2). The third receptor, PPARδ, is ubiquitously expressed, and activation in animal models improves lipid homeostasis and insulin sensitivity (3). These regulatory roles make the PPAR nuclear receptors attractive targets for treating dyslipidemia and type II diabetes. Fibrates and thiazolidinediones (TZDs) are used to treat these conditions by selectively activating PPARα and PPARγ, respectively. However, there are health issues caused by long-term use of these drugs, and thus a safe compound that specifically targets PPARδ could potentially aid in treatment of both hyperlipidemia and type II diabetes (2, 4). In PNAS, Wu et al. develop a highly selective set of compounds that target PPARδ and discover a mechanism of ligand specificity, which may be unique to the PPAR nuclear receptor family and could aid in further development of highly specific PPAR ligands (5). The PPAR family of nuclear receptors is implicated in metabolic syndrome, which affects 35% of the United States population and is a major risk factor for developing cardiac … [↵][1]1Email: rec2009{at}med.cornell.edu. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
Enteral Nutrition: From Formulations to Delivery

In hospitalized and chronically ill patients, malnutrition is associated with impaired immune function, increased infections, increased lengths of hospital stay, and a reduction in overall body function (Isabel and Correia 2003). Malnutrition is present in up to 40% of intensive care unit (ICU) patients and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality (Giner et al. 1996). With these facts, nutritional intervention often plays an important role in the overall therapy of at-risk patient populations.
Service recovery strategies using social media sites

This study investigates a service organisation's service recovery strategies using social media sites. Based on 347 mini-cases from the Twitter accounts of a sample of major airlines, we conducted qualitative analysis using grounded theory approach. We analysed the relationships between the three elements of service recovery including customers' motivations to complain, service failure types and agent responses. This study offers service providers practical implications to design their recovery strategies. Identification of customers' motivations to complain supports the role of social media sites as a complementary service recovery channel and more importantly, as the final defence of an organisation's service recovery system. The investigation on the relationship between customers' motivations to complain and service failure types indicates that customers utilise social media sites no differently when different failure types occur. However, different failure types do trigger different sets of agent responses. Further, social media agents respond differently according to customers' motivations to complain.
Financial Toxicity: Management as an Adverse Effect of Cancer Treatment .

Along with many physical and emotional adverse effects associated with cancer therapy, attention has been directed to defining and identifying interventions to manage financial strain that can occur because of high medical payments and reduced income from employment interruption. Nurses can support patients and families by encouraging open communication during shared treatment decision making and throughout the cancer experience. .
Functional Considerations in Aminoglycoside Nephrotoxicity

Aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity is a relatively common clinical problem. Well-controlled studies have documented up to a 26% incidence of serum creatinine elevations during therapy despite monitoring by frequent aminoglycoside blood level determinations (Smith et al., 1980). Because of the complex clinical settings in which these antibiotics are prescribed, efforts to study the pathophysiology of nephrotoxicity have involved use of animal models (Kosek et al., 1974; Luft et al., 1975; Houghton et al., 1976; Cronin et al., 1980). In this chapter, an attempt will be made to correlate findings in one such model, the rat, with certain variables which may influence aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity. It has become apparent that studies concerning biochemical and subcellular mechanisms of aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity must take into account the considerable regenerative and functional recovery which occurs during continuous treatment with aminoglycosides. It is not clear at present whether similar caution needs to be exercised in interpreting studies involving other nephrotoxins which cause experimental or clinical acute renal failure. Finally, the consequences of acute nephrotoxic insults on long-term renal functional integrity should be carefully evaluated despite return to normal of such insensitive parameters as serum creatinine after the toxin is withdrawn.
Use of an Integrated Research-Practice Partnership to Improve Outcomes of a Community-Based Strength-Training Program for Older Adults: Reach and Effect of Lifelong Improvements through Fitness Together (LIFT)

Only 17% of older adults meet the recommendations for two days of full body strength training that is associated with improved functional fitness; reduced risk of falls; and reduced morbidity and mortality rates. Community-based interventions are recommended as they provide supportive infrastructure to reach older adults and impact strength training behaviors. Scalability and sustainability of these interventions is directly linked with setting-level buy-in. Adapting an intervention through an integrated research-practice partnership may improve individual and setting-level outcomes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the initial reach and effect of a locally adapted, health educator-led strength-training intervention; Lifelong Improvements through Fitness Together (LIFT). LIFT was compared to an evidence-based exercise program, Stay Strong; Stay Healthy (SSSH). Intervention dose and mode were the same for LIFT and SSSH, but LIFT included behavioral change strategies. Older adult functional fitness was assessed before and after the 8-week strength training intervention. Health educators who delivered LIFT and SSSH were able to reach 80 and 33 participants, respectively. Participants in LIFT were able to significantly improve in all functional fitness measures whereas SSSH participants were only able to significantly improve in 5 of the 7 functional fitness measures. In conclusion, this study provides preliminary evidence that the locally adapted program reached more individuals and had improvements in functional fitness.
Resampling-Based Multiple Testing

(1995). Resampling-Based Multiple Testing. Journal of Quality Technology: Vol. 27, No. 3, pp. 272-273.
Invasive pneumococcal infections in pediatric liver-small bowel-pancreas transplant recipients.

Children undergoing LSBPTx are at increased risk of IPI due to splenectomy. We aimed to describe the clinical features and outcomes of IPI in pediatric LSBPTx recipients. Between 2008 and 2016, 122 LSBPTx children at our center were retrospectively reviewed. Nine patients had 12 episodes of IPI; the median age at first infection was 3.5 years (range: 1.5-7.1 years). The median time from transplant to first infection was 3 years (range: 0.8-5.8 years). Clinical presentation included as follows: pneumonia (n = 1), bacteremia/sepsis (n = 7), pneumonia with sepsis (n = 1), meningitis with sepsis (n = 2), pneumonia and meningitis with sepsis (n = 1). The overall risk for IPI was 7.4% or 0.9% per year. The mortality rate was 22%. Seven (78%) children had received at least one dose of PCV13, four (44%) patients had received 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine prior to IPI. All patients were on oral penicillin prophylaxis. In conclusion, despite partial or complete pneumococcal immunization and reported antimicrobial prophylaxis, IPI in LSBPTx children can have a fatal outcome. Routine monitoring of pneumococcal serotype antibodies to determine the timing for revaccination might be warranted to ensure protective immunity in these transplant recipients.
A Dynamic Model of Self-Employment and Socioeconomic Mobility Among Return Migrants: The Case of Urban Mexico

Return migrants engage in high rates of self-employment, which scholars commonly attribute to the accumulation of financial and human capital while working abroad. Central to this scholarship is the assumption that self-employment is positive and leads to upward economic mobility among return migrants. This scholarship is limited, however, because it relies on large surveys and cross-sectional census data that treat self-employment as a single uni-dimensional status measured at one point in time. To improve conceptualization and measurement of self- employment, we engage three bodies of research that have thus far had little cross-fertilization: the literature on work and self-employment in Latin America, the scholarship on return migration and self-employment, and developments in economic theories of international migration. Drawing on results from the first longitudinal analysis of the labor market trajectories of Mexican return migrants in a large urban area in central Mexico, we identify three types of self-employment - survivalist, temporary, and prosperous. To explain these divergent self-employment pathways, we draw on biographical narratives and identify two sets of mechanisms - human capital formation and life-course stage. Overall, our investigation of self-employment types suggests a complex relationship between international migration experiences and the labor market mobility of return migrants which cannot be understood without taking into consideration migrants' social and economic circumstances before, during, and after migration. Consequently, our study yields insights into economic theories of international migration and provides direction for future research on return migration and labor market reintegration.
Impact of Extent of Surgery on Tumor Recurrence and Survival for Papillary Thyroid Cancer Patients.

The extent of surgery for low-risk papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) has been the subject of debate among experts for decades. In this paper, we aimed to systematically review whether thyroid lobectomy versus total thyroidectomy for PTC patients with tumors measuring 1.0–4.0 cm impacts tumor recurrence and survival. A systematic review of the literature from January 1990 to February 2018 yielded 13 relevant studies, including eight national cancer registry database studies, one multi-institutional thyroid cancer-specific database, three large-scale institutional series, and one meta-analysis. Data from these studies demonstrate that total thyroidectomy for the treatment of PTC measuring 1.0–4.0 cm does not confer a clinically significant improvement in disease-specific survival compared with thyroid lobectomy. Four of six studies also reported that total thyroidectomy is associated with a small but statistically significant improvement in disease-free survival, although it is argued whether this difference is clinically significant. While the quality of the data limit the strength of our conclusions, and while tumor characteristics, patient risk factors, and preferences should be considered, most data support that lobectomy and total thyroidectomy yield comparable oncologic outcomes for PTC measuring 1.0–4.0 cm.
The arithmetic-algebraic mean inequality via symmetric means.

We give two proofs of the arithmetic-algebraic mean inequality by giving a characterization of symmetric means.
Database support for exploring scientific workflow provenance graphs

Provenance graphs generated from real-world scientific workflows often contain large numbers of nodes and edges denoting various types of provenance information. A standard approach used by workflow systems is to visually present provenance information by displaying an entire (static) provenance graph. This approach makes it difficult for users to find relevant information and to explore and analyze data and process dependencies. We address these issues through a set of abstractions that allow users to construct specialized views of provenance graphs. Our model provides operations that allow users to expand, collapse, filter, group, and summarize all or portions of provenance graphs to construct tailored provenance views. A unique feature of the model is that it can be implemented using standard relational database technology, which has a number of advantages in terms of supporting existing provenance frameworks and efficiency and scalability of the model. We present and formalize the operations within the model as a set of relational queries expressed against an underlying provenance schema. We also present a detailed experimental evaluation that demonstrates the feasibility and efficiency of our approach against provenance graphs generated from a number of scientific workflows.
Why Intervals? Because If We Allow Other Sets, Tractable Problems Become Intractable

We show that if we add at least one non-interval set to the family of all intervals, then some reasonable interval computation problems that were previously computationally feasible become intractable. This result provides one more motivation for using the interval family: because if we increase this family, we lose computability.
Reconsidering common ground: examining Clark's contribution theory in the OR

The constructs of "common ground" and "grounding" are frequently invoked in the CSCW literature as a mechanism by which participants engaged in joint activity coordinate their respective understandings of matters at hand. These constructs arise from a model of conversation developed by Herbert Clark and sometimes referred to as "contribution theory." We describe here the basic features of this theory and attempt to apply it in analyzing a fragment of enacted interaction. The interaction was recorded during an abdominal surgery performed with the aid of an endoscopic camera. We encountered difficulties, however, in applying contribution theory as an analytic framework within this concrete setting. We found further that the notion of common ground represents a confusing metaphor rather than a useful explanatory mechanism. We conclude with a suggestion that researchers in the future seek ways of constructing descriptions of joint activity that do not rely on the troublesome notions of grounding and common ground.
Child Obesity and Health

The childhood obesity epidemic has become a serious global public health problem. Children are different from adults and need special attention and effort in helping them to maintain healthy lifestyle and optimal body weight. Childhood and adolescence are two critical periods for developing lifelong healthy habits. This article discusses childhood obesity–related issues in five sections: (1) classification of childhood obesity; (2) worldwide childhood obesity epidemic; (3) risk factors (predictors) of childhood obesity; (4) health consequences of childhood obesity; and (5) prevention of childhood obesity.
Cardiovascular disease risk unmasked by pregnancy complications.

Abstract Pregnancy related complications indicate a propensity for atherosclerotic disease. Epidemiologic data demonstrate early onset cardiovascular disease in women with a history of pregnancy loss, preterm pregnancy or pregnancy complicated by intrauterine growth restriction. Early onset diabetes, increased rates of MI and increased rates of stroke are more prevalent after gestational diabetes. In addition, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy mark significant pathophysiologic changes, including vascular dysfunction and immunologic changes, which induce atherogenesis and result in a substantial increase in rates of stroke, ischemic heart disease and cardiac mortality. Metabolic, endothelial and inflammatory changes are responsible for either the early onset or early recognition of cardiovascular disease propensity in patients who experience a complicated pregnancy. Therefore, the American Heart Association guidelines recognize pregnancy related complications as an independent risk factor for heart disease. This review informs physicians of epidemiologic data and, guideline recommendations and is meant to guide physicians in early interventions including provider education, routine post-partum multidisciplinary (primary care, obstetrics, cardiology) evaluation, risk factor monitoring and control after a complicated pregnancy.
Developing a Comprehensive Pre-Residency Acclimatizing Program for International Medical Graduates (P1.013)

Objective: The objective was to assess as to how many IMGs who went through our program successfully matched into neurology residency. Background: The department of neurology offers a 2-month comprehensive acclimatizing program for international medical graduates (IMGs) who are applying for residency. With the continued shortage of neurologists, and a plateau of US seniors choosing neurology as their residency, the recruitment of IMGs might address this gap partially. Yet many IMGs might lack the clinical as well as cultural experience needed to successfully work go through the residency interview and the residency process itself. Design/Methods: Observers spend time with 1 to 4 physicians during their tenure. Research opportunities are provided by many physicians. Knowledge of learning & research opportunities are passed on to observers by the coordinator, who functions more as a manager. Any arising issues are dealt with immediately and the observer is coached improve. Observers not only grow accustom to the US medical system, but also electronic medical records system, radiology systems and other resources utilized in ambulatory and non-ambulatory services and research endeavors. All observers report to one single coordinator who works with them on every day etiquette, communication skills, and the subtleties of the US medical system & culture. Results: Within our residency program itself, over 55% of the residents hired in the past five years were IMGs who went through the acclimatization program. Overall 60% of those who successfully completed the program matched into neurology residency in the last three years. Those with scores of more than 8 (on a grade of 1–10 with 1 being lowest) had the highest chance of matching. Conclusions: Offering a comprehensive acclimatizing program is a productive tool for residency programs to pretrain, acclimate and audition prospective residents. Disclosure: Dr. Govindarajan has nothing to disclose. Dr. McQueen has nothing to disclose. Dr. Bollu has nothing to disclose. Dr. Sahota has nothing to disclose.
Abstract 193: The tumor microenvironment protects against ibrutinib but not rituximab-mediated control of Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM) in vivo

The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays an important role in the development and progression of cancer. It has also been shown to play a protective role in resistance to therapy. Therefore, understanding the role of the TME is a vital component of our understanding of malignant cell biology. In Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia (WM), a B cell malignancy characterized by the overproduction of a monoclonal IgM protein, several studies have shown that the TME plays an important role in malignant disease. Therefore, the goal of this study was to investigate the efficacy of combined targeting of the TME with either Ibrutinib or Rituximab therapy in WM in vivo. SCID mice were injected with RPCI-WM1 + HS-5 stromal cells (5:1 ratio) and upon tumor development, mice were treatment with Ibrutinib (αBTK), Actemra (αIL-6), or a combination of Ibrutinib+Actemra or vehicle controls. An additional group of mice were injected with BCWM.1 + HS-5 cells (5:1 ratio) subcutaneously followed by treatment with Rituxmab (αCD20), Actemra (αIL-6) or both Rituximab+Actemra or controls. There was no improvement in survival of mice treated with Ibrutinib or Actemra as single therapy and combined treatment did not improve survival compared to controls. We also found a reduction in tumor growth rate in mice treated with Ibrutinib + Actemra compared with mice treated with Ibrutinib alone. There was no difference in human IgM secretion among different groups when examining serum samples by ELISA. In the cohort of mice treated with Rituximab, we found that the TME did not provide a protective effect on Rituximab therapy as Rituximab significantly enhanced the survival of mice (p Citation Format: Weiguo Han, Brandon L. Sklavanitis, David A. Jackson, Stephan J. Matissek, Sherine F. Elsawa. The tumor microenvironment protects against ibrutinib but not rituximab-mediated control of Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia (WM) in vivo [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 193.
The role of regional feedbacks in glacial inception on Baffin Island: the interaction of ice flow and meteorology

Abstract. Over the past 0.8 million years, 100 kyr ice ages have dominated Earth's climate with geological evidence suggesting the last glacial inception began in the mountains of Baffin Island. Currently, state-of-the-art global climate models (GCMs) have difficulty simulating glacial inception, possibly due in part to their coarse horizontal resolution and the neglect of ice flow dynamics in some models. We attempt to address the role of regional feedbacks in the initial inception problem on Baffin Island by asynchronously coupling the Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) model, configured as a high-resolution inner domain over Baffin and an outer domain incorporating much of North America, to an ice flow model using the shallow ice approximation. The mass balance is calculated from WRF simulations and used to drive the ice model, which updates the ice extent and elevation, that then serve as inputs to the next WRF run. We drive the regional WRF configuration using atmospheric boundary conditions from 1986 that correspond to a relatively cold summer, and with 115 kya insolation. Initially, ice accumulates on mountain glaciers, driving downslope ice flow which expands the size of the ice caps. However, continued iterations of the atmosphere and ice models reveal a stagnation of the ice sheet on Baffin Island, driven by melting due to warmer temperatures at the margins of the ice caps. This warming is caused by changes in the regional circulation that are forced by elevation changes due to the ice growth. A stabilizing feedback between ice elevation and atmospheric circulation thus prevents full inception from occurring.
Potential Improvements in Brain Dose Estimates For Internal Emitters.

BACKGROUND Element-specific biokinetic models are used to reconstruct doses to systemic tissues from internal emitters. Typically, a systemic model for a radionuclide explicitly depicts only its dominant repositories. Remaining tissues and fluids are aggregated into a pool called Other tissue in which the radionuclide is assumed to be uniformly distributed. In the systemic biokinetic models used in radiation protection, the brain usually is addressed as an implicit mass fraction of Other tissue rather than an explicitly depicted repository. Due to increasing interest in radiation effects on the brain, efforts are underway to improve brain dosimetry for internal radiation sources. METHODS We assessed potential improvements in brain dosimetry for internal emitters by explicitly modelling brain kinetics rather than treating the brain as a mass fraction of Other tissue. We selected ten elements for which brain kinetics can be modeled using published biokinetic data. Injection dose coefficients were calculated for a relatively long-lived radioisotope of each element using each of two versions of the ICRP's latest systemic biokinetic model for each element, the original version and a modified version differing only in the treatment of brain. If the ICRP model contained an explicit brain pool, the modified version depicted brain instead as a mass fraction of Other tissue. If the ICRP model included brain in Other tissue, the modified version included an explicit brain pool with kinetics based on best available brain-specific data. RESULTS The result for a given radionuclide is expressed as a ratio A:B, where A and B are the dose coefficients based on the versions of the model with and without an explicit brain pool, respectively. The following ratios A:B were obtained for the 10 radionuclides addressed here: 241Am, 0.13; 207Bi, 0.57; 234U, 0.81; 239Pu, 0.96; 203Hg (vapor), 1.4; 134Cs, 1.5; 54Mn, 1.7; 210Po, 1.7; 226Ra, 1.9; 210Pb, 3.3. These ratios indicate that a dose estimate for brain based on a biokinetic model with brain implicitly contained in Other tissue may substantially underestimate or substantially overestimate a dose estimate that reflects best available brain-specific biokinetic data. Of course, the reliability of the latter estimate depends on the quality of the underlying biokinetic data. CONCLUSIONS Where feasible, the brain should be depicted explicitly in biokinetic models used in epidemiological studies addressing adverse effects of ionizing radiation.
Abstract 188: Burden of Complications After Thoracic Aortic Repair Surgery Among Medicare Beneficiaries

Objective: Despite the growth in thoracic aortic repair surgery, there remain concerns about the clinical and financial impact of complications secondary to these procedures. Therefore, we leverage...
Describing a Public-Health Summer Camp for Underserved Children: Healthy 2B Me.

Healthy 2B Me aims to educate and empower underserved children ages seven to 11 years old to improve their health and well-being through a supportive, educational and entertaining public health-themed summer day camp. Qualitative data collected through camper exit slips, final posters/presentations, and parent surveys were analyzed to identify salient themes demonstrating the impact of camp participation on children's health. Both camper and parent responses suggested improvements in participant knowledge, attitude and behavior in relation to diet, physical activity, sun safety, hand washing, smoking and kindness. This article describes how the Healthy 2B Me camp contributes to our understanding of how to design and assess a health-themed, positive youth-development summer camp for underserved children.
Abstract WP116: Combined AICAR and GW501516 Therapy Promotes Motor Recovery After Photothrombotic Stroke in Mice

In this study the combined effect of AMPK activator AICAR (500 mg/kg, SC) and PPARδ agonist GW501516 (5 mg/kg, IP) was studied on recovery of motor function in adult male mice after stroke. Vehicle...
Assessing Control Devices for the Supervisory Control of Autonomous Wingmen

The present study aims to enhance the design of future cockpits by supporting pilots in their monitoring and control of autonomous wingmen. In our scenario, autonomous wingmen are F-16 aircraft that can fly autonomously; a real capability currently under development by industry partners. These autonomous fighter aircraft exist to enhance mission effectiveness by reducing the risk of harm to humans, increasing sensor coverage, providing access to more environments, and decreasing cost. However, the method and systems used for interaction between pilots and the autonomous systems are still under development and an active area of research. In collaboration with industry partners, we are assessing different control input devices for supervisory control of autonomous fighter aircraft in a flight simulator. In this simulator, 60 participants will fly various mission types with autonomous wingmen using one of three different types of controllers: Microsoft Sidewinder, F-35 Hands on Throttle and Stick (HOTAS), and a wrist-mounted computer gaming keypad. Pilots will interact with their autonomous wingmen for brief periods of time through calling “plays” that initiate the unmanned aircraft to conduct a task in combat scenarios. Physiological data will be collected via electroencephalogram (EEG), electrocardiogram (ECG), and galvanic skin response (GSR). Eye movements and behavioral measures of reliance on the autonomous wingmen and usage of each of the aforementioned controllers will also be collected. These data, in addition to survey responses, will inform design recommendations for optimal interaction with autonomous wingmen.
Photobiomodulation of cultured primary neurons: role of cytochrome c oxidase

Abstract Photobiomodulation (PBM) with far red-to-near-infrared light is therapeutic in a variety of applications, from wound healing to Parkinson disease. The most common approach used is in vivo laser treatments in humans or animals. This chapter focuses on PBM via light-emitting diodes (LED) on cultured primary neurons exposed to various toxins, including TTX, KCN, MPP+, and rotenone. PBM directly activates mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase in normal and toxinexposed neurons, enhances their ATP production, and increases their antiapoptotic proteins such as Bcl-2. It also reduces the prevalence of apoptotic neurons, the production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, and suppresses proapoptotic agents (such as caspase-3 and Bax) induced by the toxins. PBM during toxin exposure is therapeutic, but the addition of PBM pretreatment has further benefits. Depending on the dose of toxins and the treatment parameters, PBM may or may not reverse the effects of toxins fully to control levels.
Binge eating behavior among a cohort of normal weight college women.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Binge eating (BE) has been linked to the development of eating disorders and obesity, and it has been reported in college women. Few studies investigate BE by weight category. The purpose of this study was to examine BE in "normal" weight college women. METHODS Secondary analysis of Web-based survey at a private university in the northeastern United States. RESULTS Sample was 317 female subjects, 75.4% were White. Binge eating was reported by 99 women (31.2%); 7.6% of binge eaters were underweight, 73.5% normal weight, 15.3% overweight, and 4.1% obese. Normal weight binge eaters were more likely to purge (x = 6.830; p = .033) and overexercise (x = 15.179, p = .019). All binge eaters reported feeling sad, guilty, or distressed after eating and weight dissatisfaction. Normal weight binge eaters reported negative affect before (x = 33.187; p < .001) and after eating (x = 36.329; p < .001) more frequently than normal weight non-binge eaters. Normal weight binge eaters more often described themselves as overweight when compared with normal weight non-binge eaters (x = 9.267; p = .026). IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Nearly one third of college women report BE, the majority are of normal weight. These women are more likely to engage in compensatory mechanisms and have distorted body image and a negative affective state with eating. Findings highlight the importance of screening for BE in college women regardless of weight.
The Influence of Storm Events on Metabolism and Water Quality of Riverine and Estuarine Segments of the James, Mattaponi, and Pamunkey Rivers

The frequency and magnitude of storm events is expected to increase with climate warming. Tidal freshwaters may be particularly sensitive to these events owing to their proximity to riverine inputs. Continuous and synoptic water quality data from riverine and tidal freshwater segments of the James, Mattaponi, and Pamunkey Rivers (Virginia, USA) were analyzed to characterize their response to high discharge events. Water quality attributes subject to dilution effects (conductivity, pH) showed negative responses to increasing discharge, which were similar in magnitude among riverine and estuarine segments. Variables associated with sediment transport (turbidity, TSS, E. coli, TN, and TP) showed positive responses to discharge, stronger responses in riverine vs. estuarine segments, and relatively linear responses over the full range of discharge. Variables affected by internal biological processes (CHLa, DO) showed negative responses to increasing discharge, greater sensitivity in the low range of discharge, and stronger responses in estuarine segments. High discharge was associated with reduced chlorophyll-a (CHLa), lower dissolved oxygen, and more heterotrophic conditions (lower production relative to respiration). During unusually high discharge in 2018, annual GPP was reduced to 38% (Pamunkey) and 78% (James) of long-term average values. Inter-estuarine differences in their sensitivity to high discharge reflect differences in forms of primary production, as the phytoplankton-dominated James exhibited rapid recovery in CHLa and GPP between storm events.
Ask the Smart Money: Shareholder Votes by a

Special Note: This Publication is part of The Quality Shareholder Initiative at the Center for Law, Economics and Finance (C-LEAF), at The George Washington University Law School, Prof. Lawrence A. Cunningham, Faculty Director. Corporate directors, shareholders, judges and scholars are on edge. Directors yearn for a certain kind of shareholder, especially one that is patient and focused on the company, as opposed to indexers, who must hold it as part of their basket, or traders, who own fleetingly. Shareholders want a voice, and that patient-focused cohort has the softest one today, crowded out by indexers, like BlackRock, and legions of day traders, like those stalking GameStop. Courts, struggling under the conflicting weight of the business judgment rule and fairness scrutiny, look to shareholder voice as a solution. Yet scholars are troubled by the extensive weight judges give to shareholder voice, particularly to insulate director decisions from review. While a perfect solution to these multiple conundrums is a pipe-dream, there is one that will meet the appetite of many directors and shareholders, while easing the judicial burden and scholarly angst: on corporate matters where stakes run high, directors should submit proposals to a special vote of the patient-focused shareholders, in addition to any other vote required by law or contract. Directors achieve an important goal of cultivating this shareholder cohort; those shareholders appreciate their voice being temporarily amplified, without disenfranchising other shareholders; judges get a reliable datapoint for choosing between deference or scrutiny; and scholars are assured an additional source of investor protection. Not perfect, but inexpensive, useful, and posing scant downside. This Article explains the concept and puts it into historical, jurisprudential, and contemporary context.
The (Poly)Pharmacology of Cannabidiol in Neurological and Neuropsychiatric Disorders: Molecular Mechanisms and Targets

Cannabidiol (CBD), the major nonpsychoactive Cannabis constituent, has been proposed for the treatment of a wide panel of neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders, including anxiety, schizophrenia, epilepsy and drug addiction due to the ability of its versatile scaffold to interact with diverse molecular targets that are not restricted to the endocannabinoid system. Albeit the molecular mechanisms responsible for the therapeutic effects of CBD have yet to be fully elucidated, many efforts have been devoted in the last decades to shed light on its complex pharmacological profile. In particular, an ever-increasing number of molecular targets linked to those disorders have been identified for this phytocannabinoid, along with the modulatory effects of CBD on their cascade signaling. In this view, here we will try to provide a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the molecular basis underlying the therapeutic effects of CBD involved in the treatment of neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders.
Mulla Sadra and Eschatology: Evolution of Being

1 The Background 2 The Primacy of Existence 3 Individuation and Identity 4 Substantial Motion 5 The Nature of the Human Being 6 Imagination and the Problem of Bodily Return 7 Sadra's Theories of Imagination and Bodily Return
Through Bond and Through Space Limits of the Long Distance Electron Transfer Problem

A model is presented for the long distance electron transfer problem in which the through bond and through space contributions to the tunneling matrix element can be extracted as particular limits of the interaction energy. The relative importance of through bond and through space coupling ill discussed. A first model for a donor interacting with a protein might be a “trap” interacting with a periodic potential. In this simple model the decay of the donor state with distance is found. Its decay includes both through bond and through space parts. We find the limits of the problem in which either the through bond or through space pathway dominates. The characteristic distance decay of the interaction energy is different in the two cases. In real systems the through bond pathway is considerably more favorably given the same tunneling distance. In proteins a combination of through bond and through space interactions probably contributes to the donor acceptor interaction.
Study of the reaction 12C + 14N → α + 22Na

Abstract The 12 C( 14 N, α) 22 Na reaction has been investigated at 14 N bombarding energies of 30.3, 35.0, 40.0 and 45.5 MeV, and the 14 N( 12 C, α) 22 Na reaction has been investigated at a 12 C bombarding energy of 39.3 MeV. The α-particle reaction products were recorded using a multiple-gap spectrograph. One hundred eighty-five levels below 17.86 MeV have now been observed in 22 Na, many of them for the first time. Though some “resonance”-like behavior is observed, the overall results are consistent with a compound-nucleus reaction mechanism.
Integer Quadratic Programming Models in Computational Biology

This presentation has two purposes: (1) show operations researchers how they can apply quadratic binary programming to current problems in molecular biology, and (2) show formulations of some combinatorial optimization problems as integer programs. The former purpose is primary, and I wish to persuade researchers to enter this exciting frontier. The latter purpose is part of a work in progress.
Yeast mRNA decapping enzyme.

Publisher Summary This chapter reviews the process of mRNA decapping including the properties of a yeast decapping enzyme, encoded by the DCP1 gene, and the proteins that modulate decapping rates in vivo. In addition, the chapter also describes techniques for analyzing mRNA decapping in vitro. Decapping is a key step in the major pathway of 5′→3′ mRNA decay in yeast because removal of the cap structure is a prerequisite to 5′→3′-exoribonucleolytic degradation of the mRNA. Purification of Dcp1p and subsequent In Vitro characterization of the enzyme have yielded several important observations. First, the Dcp1 protein is sufficient for the decapping of mRNAs in vitro. Second, Dcp1p cleaves cap structures to the products m7GDP and the full-length mRNA containing a 5′-phosphate. Third, Dcp1p preferentially cleaves substrates containing 7-methylguanine over those containing an unmethylated cap. Fourth, Dcp1p shows enhanced decapping activity on longer mRNA substrates. In vitro, Dcp1p does not efficiently decap messenger RNAs shorter than 25 nucleotides in length, indicating that Dcp1p likely recognizes a portion of the mRNA in addition to the 7-methyl modification. The in vitro decapping assay requires three components: a decapping protein, a cap-labeled mRNA substrate, and decapping buffer. This assay monitors the release of the decapping product, m7GDP, from the cap-labeled mRNA substrate.
NMR analysis of metabolic responses to extreme conditions of the temperature-dependent coral pathogen Vibrio coralliilyticus

Aims: To identify and understand the presence of metabolites responsible for the variation in the metabolic profile of Vibrio coralliilyticus under extreme conditions. Methods and Results: Multiple batches of V. coralliilyticus were grown under normal conditions. Four samples in one batch were subjected to extreme conditions via a freeze-thaw cycle during lyophilization. Polar metabolites were extracted using a combination of methanol, water and heat. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolic profiles indicated significant differences between the normal and stressed samples. Three compounds identified in the stressed metabolome were maltose, ethanolamine, and the bioplastic-type compound (BTC) 2-butenoic acid, 2-carboxy-1-methylethyl ester. This is the first report of the production of this BTC by V. coralliilyticus. Conclusions: The presence of maltose and ethanolamine indicates a state of acute nutrient limitation; therefore, we hypothesize that the cell’s metabolism turned to its own cell wall, or perhaps neighbouring cells, for sources of carbon and nitrogen. The presence of the BTC also supports the acute nutrient limitation idea because of the parallels with polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) production in other gram-negative bacteria, including other Vibrio species. Significance and Impact of the Study: Recent metabolomics research on the temperature-dependent coral pathogen V. coralliilyticus has led to the discovery of several compounds produced by the organism as a response to high density, low nutrient conditions. The three metabolites, along with 1H NMR metabolic fingerprints of the nutrient limited samples, are proposed to serve as metabolic markers for extremely stressful conditions of V. coralliilyticus.
Traffic fatality related to the use of methylenedioxymethamphetamine

A recent traffic fatality has been attributed to the use of the drug methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA). The deceased was a 29-year-old white male with no known history of drug abuse. Toxicological analysis detected MDMA and metabolite methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA) in the blood, urine, and vitreous humor specimens submitted for analysis. The concentrations of MDMA in clotted blood, sodium fluoride-potassium oxalate anticoagulated blood, vitreous humor, and urine were 2.32 mg/L, 2.14 mg/L, 1.11 mg/L, and 118.8 mg/L, respectively. The concentrations of the metabolite MDA were less than 0.25 mg/L in blood and vitreous, and 3.86 mg/L in the urine.