cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Computational Aspects of Bayesian Analysis

To complete a Bayesian analysis it is often necessary to perform integrations and/or maximizations with respect to functions of many variables. In this Chapter, five approaches will be presented for solving these problems. They all have advantages and disadvantages. Often, but not always, the ones that take the smallest amount of time will be the least accurate. Programs for implementing these procedures are given in the Appendix.
Recovery of partially sampled PET images using compressed sensing

2352 Objectives To evaluate the ability of compressed sensing data processing techniques to recover a partially sampled PET dataset of a phantom acquired using an incomplete ring of detectors. Methods A uniform Ge-68 phantom (20 cm diameter and length) was imaged on a D-RX PET/CT scanner twice; once with all detectors operational (baseline) and once with 5 detector elements at each of 0, 90, 180 and 270 degrees turned off (partially sampled). The partially sampled (PS) sinogram was first decomposed into two different layers - cartoons and texture using Daubechie wavelets (6rh order) and 50% overlapping discrete cosine transform respectively. The sparsest possible solution for each layer was then determined using a soft thresholding algorithm. These solutions were subsequently converted to their corresponding layers, summed, and compared to the original PS sinogram. Comparison was done only for existing sinogram pixel values. This process was repeated iteratively until a RMS error of 5% or a total of 100 iterations was reached3. For each iteration update, the values of the pixels corresponding to the missing detectors were obtained from the previous iteration while the remaining pixel values were extracted from the original sinogram (baseline scan). The resultant corrected sinograms where then reconstructed using OSEM and FB and the corresponding images for full and PS sinograms were compared using mean and max activity concentration in a ROI placed centrally over the phantom. Results For OSEM (FBP) reconstruction, the mean and max activity concentration difference were +0.5% (-2.4%) and -9.2% (-8.2%) respectively when compared to the baseline scan. Conclusions Compressed sensing seems to have the ability to recover partially sampled PET data. Such an approach can potentially be used to generate PET images with accurate qunatitation while using less number of detectors
Electrothermal Blinking Vortices for Chaotic Mixing

Thanks to its favorable reduction scale law, and its easy integration, electrokinetics has emerged over the last fifteen years as one of the major solution to drive flows in fully integrated lab-on-chip. At microscale, an efficient mixing is a keystep which can dramatically accelerate bio-reactions. For thirty years, Dynamical System theory has predicted that chaotic mixing must involve at least 3 dimensions (either time dependent 2D flows or 3D flows). However, in microfluidics, few works have yet presented efficient embedded micromixers. This paper presents experimental and theoretical study of 2D time dependent chaotic mixing using AC electrothermal fluid flows. Experiments and numerical simulations are performed on a top view device and a sideview device. In both devices, a sinusoidal electric signal is applied between 3 interdigitated gold electrodes. A phase signal Vpp = 11V and a ground are switched between the two side electrodes using a step function, whereas the opposite phase signal –Vpp is steadily applied to the center electrode (Figure 1). Flow velocity is measured by micro particle image velocimetry μ PIV. The velocity profile shows a dramatic asymmetry between the two vortices. Therefore, during the switch, vortices overlap, leading to stretching and folding flows required to obtain chaotic mixing (Figure 3 and 4). The experimental measurements validate our electrothermal models based on our previous work [1]. The mixing efficiency of low diffusive particles is studied at multiscale using the mix-variance coefficient (MVC) [2] to evaluate mixing at different scales (Figure 4). To do so, the domain is successively divided in boxes along the x and y direction up to nx and ny boxes, respectively. For each box configuration, average bead concentration is computed. The variance of these concentrations is then evaluated: Display FormulaMVCs=1nxny∑i=1ny∑j=1nxρij-0.52. The result of numerically evaluated MVC in Figure 2 show a dramatic increase of mixing efficiency with blinking vortices compared to steady flow.Theoretical, experimental and simulation results of the mixing process will be presented.© 2012 ASME
Studies of malformation syndromes of man XL VII: Disappearance of spermatogonia in the fanconi anemia syndrome

A 15 year old boy with the Fanconi malformation-aplastic anemia syndrome developed erythroleukemia and died of multiple arterial thromboses and hemorrhage. He was one of 10 siblings including 3 affected sisters. He was short of stature and had hypoplastic thumbs; his testes were small and secondary sexual characteristics were inadequately developed. At autopsy he was found to have very few spermatogonia, i.e., a histological picture compatible with the “Sertoli-cell-only” defect. Male hypogonadism in other chromosome breakage syndromes (the Bloom syndrome and ataxia telangiectasia) may have a similar pathogenesis.
Bilateral Multilocular Renal Cysts with Recurrence

AbstractMultilocular renal cysts may occur bilaterally. A partial nephrectomy usually is curative but unroofing of the cyst may lead to recurrence. We suggest to delete the criterion of unilaterality and to base the diagnosis on histological features. The first case of bilateral multilocular renal cysts with unilateral recurrence is reported.
Behaviour Genetics of Nest Cleaning in Honeybees V. Effect of Previous Experience and Composition of Mixed Colonies on Response to Disease-Killed Brood

SUMMARYMixed honeybee colonies were established of approximately equal numbers of two genetic lines of workers, one which removes brood killed by A.F.B, from the brood nest quickly (hygienic type), the other slowly (non-hygienic). The mixed colonies removed diseased-killed brood as quickly as colonies composed entirely of the hygienic genotype. When the two genotypes of bees in the mixed colonies were separated, their subsequent behaviour was the same as that of the pure-line controls. Learning by association with bees of another type did not affect their hygienic behaviour. In small colonies in which about 13% of the bees were of the hygienic type, the dead brood was not all removed.
Adenocarcinoma in Ectopic Prostatic Tissue

Abstract The first known case of adenocarcinoma in ectopic prostatic tissue is described.
Evolving Human Resource Development

The ProblemAfter 20+ years of scholarly wrangling about the nature of the field, it seems that a great deal of coherence has emerged about the nature and forms of Human Resource Development (HRD), as evidenced in our literature and the scope and boundaries of our journals. However, paradoxically, just as this coalescence has taken root, a new challenge is emerging as related to HRD’s positioning in the evolving landscape of professions and disciplines. And, despite much progress around strategically positioning HRD, the field continues to struggle for needed power and influence within the professions, organizations, and governments.The SolutionThere is no easy solution that will clearly guide us through the next phase of HRD’s evolution. However, this article offers a review of where we have been and explores the complex dynamics that create the context in which we must act going forward. Two potential paths for HRD to navigate the territory ahead are outlined so that HRD leaders and scholars can consider...
Recent Advances in the Diagnosis and Treatment of lnsulinomas

The ability to measure plasma insulin concentration by radioimmunoassay has greatly aided in the diagnosis of insulin-secreting tumors of the pancreas, but differentiation of these from other hypoglycemic states may still be difficult. The authors review the state of the art of diagnosis, localization, and treatment of insulinomas.
Learning to stand on their own: contradictory media representations of Burmese refugees by nonprofit organizations

ABSTRACTThis study examines the arrival of refugees from Burma, also known as Myanmar, to the Midwest of the United States and how the depiction of the refugees in online media often deploys contradictory messages about these new communities. Specifically, this analysis investigates the images and texts created by both U.S.-led refugee resettlement agencies and Burmese-led nonprofit organizations in Indiana. The project weaves together findings from the analysis of online media content along with interviews of twelve organisation leaders and staff members. The analysis reveals that the media created by the two types of organizations differ substantially. While the U.S.-led refugee resettlement agencies portray the refugees as “strangers” deserving of “the life ahead” and as worthwhile citizenship projects, the Burmese-led nonprofit organizations focus on the education of youth as future leaders and on its own members who serve as role models for the ethnic communities. This project underscores the broader...
Cycle basis distributed ADMM solution for optimal network flow problem over biconnected graphs

Minimum cost network flow problems appear in a wide range of applications including general network optimization problems, transportation systems, electricity networks and information networks. In these applications, the underlying physical layer of the systems can generate a very large graph resulting in an optimization problem with a large decision variable space. Various arc and node based cyber layer layouts have been proposed to solve this problem in a distributed manner. In this paper, for a physical layer network of n nodes and m arcs with biconnected graph topology, we take advantage of the cycle basis concept in the graph theory to reduce the search variables of an optimal network flow from m to m − n + 1 variables. We show that our proposed new formulation of the optimal network flow problem is amenable to a distributed solution using alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) method via a cyber layer whose nodes are defined based on the fundamental cycles of a cycle basis of the physical layer graph. We demonstrate the performance of our algorithm through a numerical example.
“Saving” the City: Harland Bartholomew and Administrative Evil in St. Louis

City planner Harland Bartholomew rose in prominence along with the popularity of scientific city-efficient planning during the early to mid-twentieth century. In the pursuit of solutions to urban p...
Private Practice with Latinos: Brief Reflections and Suggestions

The author reflects on the development of her private practice with Latinos. She examines the context of delivering clinical psychological services to this population. The author offers practical advice on how to develop and sustain a clinical practice for Latino clients.
Editorial Commentary: When the Shoulder Joint Has Lost Stoichiometry—Does Arthroscopic-Assisted Latissimus Dorsi Transfer Stack Up?

Non-arthroplasty treatment options for pseudoparalysis of the shoulder are preferable in the younger patient population. Although there are differing philosophies among shoulder surgeons, many prefer to avoid reversed total shoulder arthroplasty for patients under age 60 years. Arthroscopically assisted latissimus dorsi transfer may be a good alternative for these patients, but how the results compare with arthroscopic superior capsular reconstruction is the question.
Syllable-based acoustic modeling with CTC-SMBR-LSTM

We explore the feasibility of training long short-term memory (LSTM) recurrent neural networks (RNNs) with syllables, rather than phonemes, as outputs. Syllables are a natural choice of linguistic unit for modeling the acoustics of languages such as Mandarin Chinese, due to the inherent nature of the syllable as an elemental pronunciation construct and the limited size of the syllable set for such languages (around 1400 syllables for Mandarin). Our models are trained with Connectionist Temporal Classification (CTC) and state-level minimum Bayes risk (sMBR) loss using asynchronous stochastic gradient descent (ASGD) utilizing a parallel computation infrastructure for large-scale training. Our acoustic models operate on feature frames computed every 30ms, which makes them well suited for modeling syllables rather than phonemes, which can have a shorter duration. Additionally, when compared to wordlevel modeling, syllables have the advantage of avoiding out-of-vocabulary (OOV) model outputs. Our experiments on a Mandarin voice search task show that syllable-output models can perform better than context-independent (CI) phone-output models, and can give similar performance as our state-of-the-art context-dependent (CD) models. Additionally, decoding with syllable-output models is substantially faster than with CI models or with CD models. We demonstrate that these improvements are maintained when the model is trained to recognize both Mandarin syllables and English phonemes.
Isoproterenol enhances rat gastric mucosal barrier function in vivo

Abstract Background: The mechanism by which topical isoproterenol protects the gastric mucosa from ethanol-induced injury is unclear; previous studies suggest that enhancement of mucosal blood flow may be contributory. Therefore, we investigated the role of isoproterenol pretreatment on rat gastric mucous gel layer thickness, mucosal blood flow, and surface cell intracellular pH. Methods: A portion of the gastric corpus of an anesthetized rat was isolated in a superfused chamber. Intracellular pH was measured with the fluorescent dye 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein diacetate, mucous gel thickness was measured by quantifying the distance between the focal planes of the epithelial cell and the gel surfaces, and mucosal blood flow was measured in separate experiments with a laser-Doppler flowmeter. Results: Pretreatment with topical isoproterenol markedly increased gastric mucous gel layer thickness, decreased surface cell initial acidification rates, and significantly enhanced the recovery of intracellular pH toward baseline values. Gastric mucosal blood flow was significantly higher in the isoproterenol-treated group compared with untreated controls, initially increasing, decreasing, and then increasing a second time during superfusion with acidic solutions. Conclusions: Isoproterenol preserves gastric surface cell intracellular pH during acid superfusion. This effect may be a result of an increased thickness of the mucous layer, which delays proton entry into the surface cell, and an increase in mucosal blood flow in response to luminal acid, which appears to enhance recovery from intracellular acidosis.
Comparison of Sex Differences in Gregariousness in Fission-Fusion Species

Fission-fusion grouping means that individuals leave and join others according to their own decisions. It occurs in all chimpanzee populations as well as many other animals, including primates, cetaceans, carnivores, and ungulates. In chimpanzees, temporary associations ("parties") may last from a few minutes to several days. The individuals who form parties together all come from the same social network ("community" or "unit-group").
Characterization of the state of nanoparticle aggregation in non-equilibrium plasma synthesis systems

Non-equilibrium plasmas offer a unique environment for nanoparticle synthesis. Particles are homogeneously nucleated and grow at near room temperature as a result of non-thermal decomposition of vapor precursors by electrons and other plasma-excited species. Despite their widespread use, several features regarding particle growth in these systems remain poorly understood. In particular, particle aggregation (the formation of non-spherical entities composed of primary particles) is assumed to be negligible because of unipolar particle charging and subsequent Coulombic repulsion, which would hinder collisional growth. Here, we apply ion mobility-mass spectrometry (IM-MS) to a non-thermal, atmospheric pressure DC microplasma to study the state of aggregation of as-synthesized nanoparticles. Under all examined synthesis conditions, we find the presence of highly branched, chain-like aggregates at the reactor outlet, with a primary particle radius below 10 nm that is relatively insensitive to synthesis conditions. The aggregates are polydisperse, with mean masses and mobility diameters increasing with both increasing precursor concentration and increasing flow residence time within the system. TEM structural characterization shows that the aggregates can be described by a quasifractal model, with a fractal dimensions in the 1.6–2.0 range. The mass-mobility relationship inferred from IM-MS and TEM agrees well with Langevin dynamics simulations where coulomb interactions are not considered. We suggest that particle aggregation occurs either in the plasma volume due to the scavenging of smaller neutral or positively charged particles by growing aggregates or outside the reactor where the plasma density is lower and electrons are not available to maintain high levels of unipolar charge. The methods applied here additionally demonstrate the potential of IM-MS and TEM structural characterization in analyzing gas-phase nanoparticle production processes.
Using fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites in bridge construction and monitoring their performance: an overview

Abstract: The superstructure and substructure of bridges can be made from all fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP), or from FRP composited with concrete or steel. The different applications of FRP composite materials in bridges are discussed. Common nondestructive evaluation/testing (NDE/NDT) methods are reviewed for their potential application in monitoring FRP bridges. Smart FRP bars and cables can be used to monitor the bridge, as well as help the bridge resist loads. A case study of monitoring a bridge with an FRP stay-in-place formwork deck is presented. A short commentary on likely future trends in FRP bridges and monitoring techniques is provided. Sources of further information related to FRP bridges and monitoring are listed at the end of this chapter.
tbx5 and tbx15 mediate zebrafish posterior lateral line migration and development via a negative feedback loop

The zebrafish posterior lateral line (pLL) is a mechanosensory organ enabling detection of movement in the aqueous environment. Evidence suggests that two T-box transcription factors, tbx5 and tbx15 , participate in pLL migration and development. Lateral line migration and deposition defects are observed following tbx5 or tbx15 morpholino knockdown. Additional studies demonstrate that the tbx5 phenotype is partially rescued when tbx15 is also knocked down. pLL defects similar to those of tbx5 are noted following knockdown of camKII-β2 , a known downstream target of Tbx5, suggesting a potential mechanistic pathway. Ectopic expression of human CamKII-δC partially rescues the tbx5 phenotype but exacerbates the tbx15 phenotype. These results, combined with in situ hybridization and qRT-PCR profiling, indicate a negative feedback loop controlling multiple primordium patterning markers, including cxcr4b , cxcr7b , fgf10a and notch3 , which ultimately affects pLL neuromast migration and deposition.
Relationship Between Health Literacy in Parents and Asthma Control in Their Children: A Prospective Study in a Diverse Suburban Population

Background: Patients with low health literacy may not have an adequate understanding of basic health information, and were more likely to skip necessary tests and treatments, or wrongly administer ...
Home for the Holidays Campaign to Reduce Seasonal Heart Failure Hospitalizations

Introduction Heart failure (HF) is a progressive syndrome and previous studies have shown that HF patients are more likely to be hospitalized during colder winter months. These seasonal variations coincide with holidays and can cause an additional emotional burden on patients, family members, and caregivers. Historically, 1 out of 4 HF patients at our institution experienced multiple hospitalizations during this period compared to 1 out of 5 in all other months. Therefore, we created a Home for the Holidays campaign to engage interdisciplinary care teams (IDT) and patients. We hypothesized that these efforts, in conjunction with existing hospital readmission reduction program interventions, would reduce the 30-day all-cause HF readmission rate. Methods A readmission rate goal of less than 15% was established for 23 nursing units across 3 hospital campuses within a large, urban academic health system. Units that achieved this goal received recognition and breakfast with senior executive health system leadership. A toolkit consisting of a low sodium holiday menu, education workbook and magnet advertising the post-discharge helpline were distributed in a tote bag to all patients identified with acute decompensated HF (ADHF). IDT members focused on self-care management and early symptom recognition with patients and caregivers, as well as timely follow-up appointments. Results Between 2014 and 2017 the average 30-day all-cause HF readmission rate for the month of December was 24.3%. In December 2018, 235 patients were admitted for ADHF, 37 patients were subsequently readmitted within 30 days and the readmission rate was 15.7%. The Home for the Holidays campaign contributed to a 35.4% rate reduction (p= 0.046) and 9 units achieved the institutional goal of less than 15%. Conclusions Implementation of the toolkit, along with enhanced counseling and post-discharge follow-up, successfully reduce HF hospital readmissions. Health systems can easily integrate a seasonal campaign to increase awareness and stimulate transitional care and educational activities to keep patients healthy and at home for the holidays.
Noether's Theorem Applied to the Classical and Schrödinger Wave Equations

Noether’s Theorem, which relates continuous transformations to conservation laws, is applied to the classical wave equation and the Schrodinger equation. Transformations are derived that lead to invariances and conservation laws.Noether’s Theorem, which relates continuous transformations to conservation laws, is applied to the classical wave equation and the Schrodinger equation. Transformations are derived that lead to invariances and conservation laws.
Oral Cancer: Integration of Studies for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Precision:

Head and neck cancers are among the 10 most common cancers in the world and include cancers of the oral cavity, hypopharynx, larynx, nasopharynx, and oropharynx. At least 90% of head and neck cancers are squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs). This summary discusses the integration of clinical and mechanistic studies in achieving diagnostic and therapeutic precision in the context of oral cancer. Specifically, based on recent mechanistic studies, a subsequent study reevaluated current diagnostic criteria of perineural invasion in patients with oral cavity SCC showing that overall survival could be associated with nerve-tumor distance; validation of the findings of this study from a small group of patients could lead to a personalized approach to treatment selection in patients with oral cavity SCC. Moreover, delineation of key pathways in SCC revealed novel treatment targets that can be exploited to develop personalized treatment strategies to achieve long-term remission.
Approach to Mucosal Bleeding in an Adolescent with FXI Deficiency

Factor XI is a coagulation factor produced in the liver that is activated by thrombin and reinforces the intrinsic clotting pathway. Factor XI deficiency is mostly autosomal recessive and more commonly seen in Ashkenazi Jews. Patients usually present with bleeding at sites of high fibrinolytic activity. Subtypes and management options are discussed further in the context of a clinical case.
Network computer security hidden dangers and vulnerability mining technology

With the development of computer technology and communication technology, computer network will increasingly become an important means of information exchange, and permeate into every field of social life. However, the network has the potential threat and the reality existence each kind of security question, therefore we must take the strong security policy to ensure the network security. The purpose of this paper is to study the network computer security hidden trouble and vulnerability mining technology. In this paper, the types of security hidden dangers are analyzed, and the vulnerability detection technology Fuzzing technology is deeply studied. Then, the inspection and test time is analyzed for the existing vulnerability detection tools. The experimental results prove that vulnerability detection technology can protect network security with high efficiency of vulnerability detection. In this paper, three vulnerability detection tools WS Fuzzer, Web Fuzz and Webvul Scan were used to analyze the detection time of open source system, personal blog, shopping mall and forum. The average detection time was 1.9s, 8.7s, 20.5s and 59.7s, respectively. It can be seen that the vulnerability mining technology has a certain practical role.
Virtuelle Evolution im Computernetz

Virtuelle Labors fur die experimentierenden Naturwissenschaften mussen auf Daten und Gesetze der Natur zuruckgreifen. Was wissen wir heute uber die Prozesse der Natur? Lassen sie sich in Algorithmen und Programme fir Computer umsetzen? Wie wirken sie sich in Computernetzen aus? Die Evolution der Natur ist ein Beispiel einer komplexen Selbstorganisation. Die Physik bietet viele Beispiele von komplexen Systemen, deren Elemente sich unter geeigneten Nebenbedingungen zu neuen Ordnungen selbstandig zusammenfiigen. Da wir das einzelne Verhalten z.B. der vielen Atome und Molekule in einer Flussigkeit nicht kennen konnen, beschreiben wir das Gesamtverhalten eines komplexen Systems mit den Gesetzen der statistischen Physik.
Lenalidomide use in multiple myeloma.

e14045Background: For patients with multiple myeloma (MM), lenalidomide’s (LEN) received its first FDA approval for use in combination with dexamethasone (DEX) for second-line treatment in 2006, an...
Decomposing Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Nursing Home Quality of Life

This study examines the racial/ethnic disparity among nursing home (NH) residents using a self-reported, validated measure of quality of life (QoL) among long-stay residents in Minnesota. Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition techniques determine which resident and facility factors are the potential sources of the racial/ethnic disparities in QoL. Black, Indigenous, and other People of Color (BIPOC) report lower QoL than White residents. Facility structural characteristics and being a NH with a high proportion of residents who are BIPOC are the factors that have the largest explanatory share of the disparity. Modifiable characteristics like staffing levels explain a small share of the disparity. To improve the QoL of BIPOC NH residents, efforts need to focus on addressing systemic disparities for NHs with a high proportion of residents who are BIPOC.
Association of Clinician Health System Affiliation With Outpatient Performance Ratings in the Medicare Merit-based Incentive Payment System

Importance Integration of physician practices into health systems composed of hospitals and multispecialty practices is increasing in the era of value-based payment. It is unknown how clinicians who affiliate with such health systems perform under the new mandatory Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Merit-based Incentive Payment System (MIPS) relative to their peers. Objective To assess the relationship between the health system affiliations of clinicians and their performance scores and value-based reimbursement under the 2019 MIPS. Design, Setting, and Participants Publicly reported data on 636 552 clinicians working at outpatient clinics across the US were used to assess the association of the affiliation status of clinicians within the 609 health systems with their 2019 final MIPS performance score and value-based reimbursement (both based on clinician performance in 2017), adjusting for clinician, patient, and practice area characteristics. Exposures Health system affiliation vs no affiliation. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was final MIPS performance score (range, 0-100; higher scores intended to represent better performance). The secondary outcome was MIPS payment adjustment, including negative (penalty) payment adjustment, positive payment adjustment, and bonus payment adjustment. Results The final sample included 636 552 clinicians (41% female, 83% physicians, 50% in primary care, 17% in rural areas), including 48.6% who were affiliated with a health system. Compared with unaffiliated clinicians, system-affiliated clinicians were significantly more likely to be female (46% vs 37%), primary care physicians (36% vs 30%), and classified as safety net clinicians (12% vs 10%) and significantly less likely to be specialists (44% vs 55%) (P Conclusions and Relevance Clinician affiliation with a health system was associated with significantly better 2019 MIPS performance scores. Whether this represents differences in quality of care or other factors requires additional research.
Brooke-Spiegler Syndrome With Cervical Spine Lesion.

Brooke-Spiegler syndrome (BSS) is a rare hereditary autosomal dominant disorder with variable phenotypic expressivity that results in a variety of benign cutaneous face, scalp, and neck tumors with a histology profile of cylindroma, spiradenoma and trichoepithelioma. Reports of lymph node and distant metastasis are scarce. We present the first case of Brooke-Spiegler syndrome with metastasis to the cervical spine. An 86-year-old female with Brooke-Spiegler syndrome presented to the clinic with a finding of cervical spine lesion involving vertebral body, prevertebral, paraspinal, foraminal, and epidural spaces. The histopathology of the lesion showed benign cylindroma. Considering the location of the lesion and local invasion of neural structures, the malignant transformation of existing tumors could not be excluded. Brooke-Spiegler syndrome rarely presents with malignant transformation and distant metastatic spread. It is important to be aware of these rare cases while monitoring the disease and addressing clinical symptoms. This is to our knowledge the first case of metastatic spread of the cylindroma to the cervical spine resulting in local bone destruction and neural elements compromise. Physicians should be aware of this rare possibility.
Impact of oral textures on aspiration and changes in swallow dynamics in patients with PD with DBS

Aspiration secondary to impaired swallow function, or dysphagia, is one of the major causes of mortality in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Dysphagia usually does not respond well to medications. Despite its effectiveness on motor fluctuation, dyskinesia and tremor in patients with PD, deep brain stimulation (DBS) is not as effective on axial symptoms of balance, freezing of gait (FOG), speech and swallow function. Studies even raise concerns about axial symptoms under usual high-frequency stimulation (HFS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN), particularly ON medication.1 STN DBS has various effects on swallow function.2–4 Swallowing involves multiple phases, with oral and pharyngeal phases most critical for bolus clearance and airway protection. However, the impact of different oral textures on aspiration with or without DBS in patients with PD has not been studied.2 Fast-flowing liquids may be more likely to aspirate before and during the swallow, although with less risk of post-swallow aspiration of residue compared with more viscous solids. Dynamic changes in swallow parameters have not been well characterised either.2 A comprehensive evaluation in a randomised double-blind study under various DBS conditions over time is therefore of significant importance. We hypothesised that liquids would more likely yield aspiration than solids, regardless of DBS conditions and assessment timing, and that swallowing measures could worsen in a year. ### Standard protocol approval, registrations and patient consents The study was approved by the institutional review board, with written consents by patients.3 Unlike our previous publications in which only the whole aspiration events (a combination of liquid and solid bolus) were reported using the Penetration-Aspiration Scale (PAS) on the videofluoroscopic swallow study (VFSS),3 the current study (1) further delineated the impact of different oral textures (liquid vs solid bolus) on aspiration and (2) characterised the swallow dynamics across oral and pharyngeal phases, based on the previously obtained VFSS …
Understanding Parents' Perceived Barriers to Engaging Their Children in Out-of-School STEM Programs

To encourage youth from diverse backgrounds to participate in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) fields, it is important to take an ecological approach. Outside of school, parents' values and knowledge have a strong influence in the development of their children's learning in STEM related fields. Based in Digital Youth Divas (DYD), an out-of-school time (OST) STEM program for underserved middle grade girls in Evanston, IL, this exploratory study examined parents' decision-making process when selecting OST STEM programs for their children. We facilitated a parent workshop and conducted interviews with five parents of DYD participants and two staff members. Participants in the study expressed preferences for programs that are free, situated in locations that are easily accessible, and run by highly regarded educational institutions. Parents also identified barriers to participation such as the lack of a parent network, conflicting schedules with other OST activities, and difficulties in understanding the term “STEM”. These results suggest several recommendations for programs to address these barriers, such as designing intriguing program flyers, fostering a parent network, and providing accessible program locations. For researchers and designers of OST STEM programs, this study highlights the importance of taking a family and community-based approach to understanding parent perceptions and challenges.
Learning Associations between Features and Clusters: An Interpretable Deep Clustering Method

Clustering is a challenging problem when many features are irrelevant to separate clusters. Also, different clusters may relate to various feature subsets. This work proposes a deep clustering algorithm that localizes the search for instance clusters and their relevant features. The relevant features of each cluster are defined as those with high associations (dependency) within that cluster. Given the number of clusters $K$ , we formulate the problem as $K$ . -parallel auto-reconstructive learning, where low-rank graph learning, rooted in graph Laplacian theory, is used to explore the unknown feature associations of each cluster. The model performs automatic feature weighting on residuals to minimize loss from the corresponding cluster. Through such design, different feature subsets can be learned to calculate the loss from different clusters. Subsequently, the associations between features and clusters can be acquired, and better clustering result can be achieved. Moreover, the associated features of each cluster can be used to interpret the clustering patterns.
The effect of dietary monensin on the luteinizing hormone response of prepuberal heifers given a multiple gonadotropin-releasing hormone challenge.

Ten prepuberal Simmental X Brahman-Hereford heifers (average weight 208 +/- 4 kg) were randomly assigned to receive either 2.7 kg/head/day of ground milo containing 0 mg monensin sodium (C) or 2.7 kg/head/day of ground milo containing 200 mg monensin sodium (M). Both groups of animals (n = 5) received Coastal bermudagrass hay ad libitum throughout the trial. On day 21 of the feeding period all heifers were fitted with jugular cannulas. Immediately after cannulation, the heifers were injected IM with 100 microgram of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and blood was collected every 10 min for 4 hours. Four hours after the first GnRH challenge, a second 100-microgram GnRH injection was administered, and blood samples were collected at 10-min intervals for an additional 5 hours. Serum was stored at -20 C until radioimmunoassayed for luteinizing hormone (LH). The amount of LH released after each GnRH injection was greater in the heifers fed M than in the controls (P less than .05). Peak LH after the first GnRH challenge was greater (P less than .05) in heifers fed M than in controls. The area under th first GnRH induced LH curve tended (P less than .20) to be greater for the M group than for the controls. Peak LH concentration was greater in heifers fed M than in control heifers, as the duration (P less than .05) and area under the second GnRH-induced LH curve. In prepuberal heifers, dietary monensin appears to increase hypophyseal capability of releasing LH after a first and second GnRH challenge.
Evaluation of a Pulsed Ultraviolet Light-Emitting Diode for Triggering Photoconductive Semiconductor Switches

The power output, forward voltage, conversion efficiency, and spectral characteristics of a 365 nm ultraviolet light-emitting diode (LED) were measured for applications of triggering wide-bandgap photoconductive switches for pulsed power applications. Pulsed currents through the LED ranged from 125 mA up to 2.2 A at widths from 10 $\mu \text{s}$ up to several seconds. Using time-resolved electroluminescence spectroscopy, peak emission was observed to occur at 368.5 nm for short pulses with a red-shift to 371.8 nm for pulses 8 s in duration. A peak light output of 4.1 W was measured for short pulses ( $ ) of 2.12 A, corresponding to six times the rated output specification. The LED was used to trigger a high-voltage photoconductive semiconductor switch (PCSS) at voltages up to 6 kV into a high-impedance load. The 365 nm LED is a promising candidate for optical triggering of PCSS devices.
An adaptive multiblock high-order finite-volume method for solving the shallow-water equations on the sphere

We present a high-order finite-volume approach for solving the shallow-water equations on the sphere, using multiblock grids on the cubed-sphere. This approach combines a Runge--Kutta time discretization with a fourth-order accurate spatial discretization, and includes adaptive mesh refinement and refinement in time. Results of tests show fourth-order convergence for the shallow-water equations as well as for advection in a highly deformational flow. Hierarchical adaptive mesh refinement allows solution error to be achieved that is comparable to that obtained with uniform resolution of the most refined level of the hierarchy, but with many fewer operations.
Adaptive estimation of linear functionals under different performance measures

Lower bounds are given for probabilistic error subject to a mean squared error constraint. Consequences for the expected length of variable length confidence intervals centred on adaptive estimators are given. It is shown that in many contexts centring confidence intervals on adaptive estimators must lead either to poor coverage probability or unnecessarily long intervals.
The Design and Evaluation of Visual and Tactile Warnings in Support of Space Teleoperation

Space teleoperation is a very challenging task, in part due to the difficulty with maintaining awareness of the robotic arm’s configuration. Operators sometimes fail to notice undesirable arm confi...
New operator approach to the CMB aberration kernels in harmonic space

Aberration kernels describe how harmonic-space multipole coefficients of cosmic microwave background (CMB) observables transform under Lorentz boosts of the reference frame. For spin-weighted CMB observables, transforming like the CMB temperature (i.e. Doppler weight $d = 1$), we show that the aberration kernels are the matrix elements of a unitary boost operator in harmonic space. Algebraic properties of the rotation and boost generators then give simple, exact recursion relations that allow us to raise or lower the multipole quantum numbers $\ell$ and $m$, and the spin weight $s$. Further recursion relations express kernels of other Doppler weights $d \neq 1$ in terms of the $d = 1$ kernels. From those we show that on the full sky, to all orders in $\beta=v/c$, $E$- and $B$-mode polarization observables do not mix under aberration if and only if $d = 1$. The new relations, fully non-linear in the boost velocity $\beta$, form the basis of a practical recursive algorithm to accurately compute any aberration kernel. In addition, we develop a second, fast algorithm in which aberration kernels are obtained using a set of ordinary differential equations. This system can also be approximately solved at small scales, providing simple asymptotic formulae for the aberration kernels. The results of this work will be useful for further studying the effect of aberration on future CMB temperature and polarization analysis, and might provide a basis for relativistic radiative transfer schemes.
Effects of Monomeric Methylmethacrylate on Ocular Tissues

Toxic effects of high doses of monomeric methylmethacrylate were demonstrated in rabbit eyes. These effects were not related to surgical manipulation. Monomeric methylmethacrylate caused limbal hyperemia, corneal edema, corneal neovascularization, iris engorgement, anterior chamber inflammation, iris atrophy, and cataract. The doses of monomeric methylmethacrylate needed to produce these lesions were much higher than the amount of monomer available for leaching out of implanted intraocular lenses.
Preparations for tracking artificial earth-satellites at the Vanguard Computing Center

It is considered appropriate to remark at the outset that part of the computer programming system subsequently to be described has been used extensively in performance of tracking calculations for artificial earth-satellites. This operational use commenced with the tracking at the Vanguard Computing Center, Washington, D.C., of the first Russian satellite last October 5, the day after the satellite was launched, and has continued during the interim.
Developing New Services: Improving the Process Makes it Better

Examines the development of new services in service organizations, which has often been incomplete and has resulted in the needs of the marketplace remaining unsatisfied. Considers the findings of a study comparing the process of new service development in different service industries. Reports on how development may be improved and offers a model allowing greater input from the service recipients.
Polarization measurements of solar type III radio bursts at 25.3 MHz

We report the results of 1966, 1968, and 1969 polarization measurements of solar type III radio noise bursts made by recording the output of two orthogonally polarized receiving channels and subsequent digital processing of selected data. The processed data yield total intensity, degree of polarization, ellipticity, and polarization ellipse orientation at 1 second intervals. The measurements are made in a 100 Hz bandwith to minimize the influence of the propagating medium on the measurements. The mean degree of polarization was found to be about 65% in contrast to previous studies which indicated that type III events were more weakly polarized. By assuming that type III bursts are flare related we study the polarization characteristics of type III bursts as a function of the solar longitude of the related flares. The relation between type III event polarization characteristics and flare importance is also investigated. The significance of polarization measurements in studies of solar radio events is pointed out and suggestions for further theoretical research are given.
Convergence analysis for a class of bounded distributed connectivity preserving consensus algorithms for unicycles

This paper presents a class of bounded connectivity preserving consensus control algorithms for a team of unicycles. The control law is based on some analytic potential functions, ensuring the boundedness of the control signal. It is assumed that the information flow graph is an undirected static tree. A detailed convergence analysis for the designed controllers is subsequently presented. The growth of the radius of the smallest circle centered at a fix point which contains all agents is shown to be bounded by a decaying exponential function. This result is used to show the boundedness of the trajectories of the agents. Some important properties of positive limit sets of nonlinear systems are then used to prove the convergence of the agents to consensus, under the proposed controllers. Simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed connectivity preserving control law.
The middle lobe syndrome: a clinical study.

The middle lobe syndrome occurs more frequently than is generally appreciated. The anatomy of the middle lobe bronchus contributes to the pathologic processes responsible for the symptoms and signs of this syndrome: it is rather long, it often bends sharply near its bifurcation, and it is of smaller caliber than other bronchi serving lung segments of comparable size. A collar of lymph nodes surrounds the major proximal portion of the middle lobe bronchus. Pathologic processes involving these nodes compromise the lumen of the bronchus, leading to partial or complete loss of volume of the middle lobe, chronic bronchitis or bronchiectasis of the two segmental bronchial divisions, and erosion of the mural components of the bronchus to produce broncholiths in certain instances. Recurrent bouts of pneumonia produce further damage, not only from necrosis of lung tissue but also from the subsequent healing of inflammed areas by fibrosis and scarring. Neoplasm may also produce this syndrome. The diagnosis is established by bronchoscopy and bronchography. Plain roentgenograms of the thorax may show only extremely subtle changes which are often not recognized except on films taken in the lateral projection. Conservative management is successful in most cases. Symptoms are relieved although atelectasis may persist as shown by repeated roentgenologic studies. Conservative therapy is based on abolishing the tracheobronchial irritant that is causing the symptoms. This irritant is, in most instances, tobacco smoke. Operation is performed only in the presence of certain positive indications. These include: (1) positive evidence of malignancy in the right middle lobe (obtained by biopsy or examination of bronchial washings); (2) strong suspicion of malignant disease, especially in elderly patients who have persistent symptoms without evidence of improvement while on conservative therapy; (3) persistent atelectasis despite adequate treatment; (4) bleeding with demonstrable erosion of the lumen; and (5) inflammatory disease confined to the middle lobe which does not subside with conservative management.
Mental stress and the cardiovascular system part V. Chrome mental stress and cardiovascular disease: Job stress

Abstract Parameters of job stress include degree of job control and magnitude of psychological stress. These occupational characteristics may be multiplicative when low job control coexists with high psychological stress. Cardiovascular entities adversely affected by these two occupational characteristics (either alone or in combination) include hypertension, diastolic blood pressure, and coronary artery disease. Some studies challenge these hypotheses. Organism behavior may depend on both stimulus and individual capacity. Individual differences in emotional reactivity and defensiveness may relate to tension arousal and cardiovascular response to work. Enhanced tension arousal and adverse cardiovascular response may contribute to the origin and/or course of coronary artery disease. Definitive description of the relationship between job stress and cardiovascular disease awaits further large-scale studies. The influence of socioeconomic status may need to be considered to reach final resolution of this controversy. Clinicians need not wait until investigators have resolved all the controversies surrounding the relationship between job control and coronary heart disease before intervening. Behavioral strategies offer more long-term promise than simple pharmacotherapy.