cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Intensive Culture Methods of Walleye During Ongrowing

Cultural technology is described for on-growing Walleye (Sander vitreus) on formulated feeds from pond- and tank-reared fingerlings to sub-adult. Current literature is reviewed and a description given of the regimen used by the Iowa Department of Natural Resources, Rathbun Fish Hatchery (RFH) for production of Walleye fingerlings for enhancement stocking. At that site, the production interval is 155 days from hatch to fall fingerling with three phases: (I) pond-culture, (II) habituation to formulated feed indoors, (III) on growing outdoors to 250 mm (140 g). For many years, the critical limitation was during phase II, but academic and applied research on feed composition, tank environment, and fingerling size now allows 85–90 % survival during habituation of pond fingerlings to formulated feeds. In phase III, use of grading fish before stocking has reduced cannibalism and a practical protocol for treatment of common diseases has increased survival. Considerations for post-stocking survival have included improvement in methods for harvest and transport. Suggestions are given for future research to further improve growth and survival, and strategies are for discussed for application of the RFH protocol to produce fish for the food-fish market.
Thin-layer chromatography of the phosphoinositides

Thin-layer chromatography for the separation of mono-, di-, and triphosphoinositides (0.3-3 micro g total phosphorus) is described.
Cognitive attribution of the source of an error in object-lifting results in differences in motor generalization

To lift an object, the motor system must predict the weight of the object and use this information to program appropriate lifting forces. If this prediction is erroneous, people may assign blame for the error to either themselves or an external source-a process called credit assignment. In the present study, we explored the role of credit assignment on weight predictions during a lifting task. Participants were told that the EMG surface electrodes attached to their lifting hand were either part of a "passive" system that recorded muscular activity, or part of an "active" system that would apply energy to the muscle, influencing weight perception. Participants performed 90 lifts of the training blocks, followed by 10 lifts of a newly encountered larger test block. In between training and test trials, the experimenter turned off the recording system and removed the surface electrodes for participants in the "active" group. For each lift, we determined the initial peak rate of change of vertical load force rate and load-phase duration, estimates of predicted object weight. Analysis of the first 10 training lifts and the last 10 training lifts revealed no effect of Active versus Passive EMG on weight predictions. However, after removing the EMG equipment, participants in the "active" group failed to scale their predictive load forces in the same manner as those in the "passive" condition when lifting a novel block. We conclude that cognitive information may play a role in credit assignment, influencing weight prediction when lifting novel objects.
Occupancy of RNA Polymerase II Phosphorylated on Serine 5 (RNAP S5P) and RNAP S2P on Varicella-Zoster Virus Genes 9, 51, and 66 Is Independent of Transcript Abundance and Polymerase Location within the Gene

UNLABELLED Regulation of gene transcription in varicella-zoster virus (VZV), a ubiquitous human neurotropic alphaherpesvirus, requires coordinated binding of multiple host and virus proteins onto specific regions of the virus genome. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) is widely used to determine the location of specific proteins along a genomic region. Since the size range of sheared virus DNA fragments governs the limit of accurate protein localization, particularly for compact herpesvirus genomes, we used a quantitative PCR (qPCR)-based assay to determine the efficiency of VZV DNA shearing before ChIP, after which the assay was used to determine the relationship between transcript abundance and the occupancy of phosphorylated RNA polymerase II (RNAP) on the gene promoter, body, and terminus of VZV genes 9, 51, and 66. The abundance of VZV gene 9, 51, and 66 transcripts in VZV-infected human fetal lung fibroblasts was determined by reverse transcription-linked quantitative PCR. Our results showed that the C-terminal domain of RNAP is hyperphosphorylated at serine 5 (S5(P)) on VZV genes 9, 51, and 66 independently of transcript abundance and the location within the virus gene at both 1 and 3 days postinfection (dpi). In contrast, phosphorylated serine 2 (S2(P))-modified RNAP was not detected at any virus gene location at 3 dpi and was detected at levels only slightly above background levels at 1 dpi. IMPORTANCE Regulation of herpesvirus gene transcription is an elaborate choreography between proteins and DNA that is revealed by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP). We used a quantitative PCR-based assay to determine fragment size after DNA shearing, a critical parameter in ChIP assays, and exposed a basic difference in the mechanism of transcription between mammalian cells and VZV. We found that hyperphosphorylation at serine 5 of the C-terminal domain of RNAP along the lengths of VZV genes (the promoter, body, and transcription termination site) was independent of mRNA abundance. In contrast, little to no enrichment of serine 3 phosphorylation of RNAP was detected at these virus gene regions. This is distinct from the findings for RNAP at highly regulated host genes, where RNAP S5(P) occupancy decreased and S2(P) levels increased as the polymerase transited through the gene. Overall, these results suggest that RNAP associates with human and virus transcriptional units through different mechanisms.
Rubber Manufacturing in Malaysia: Resource-based Industrialization in Practice, by C. C. Goldthorpe

C. C. Goldthorpe’s intention is to provide an in-depth analysis of resource-based industrialization using the Malaysian rubber industry as a case study. His primary objective is to assess the contr...
Fundamentals of Manufacturing Engineering, edited by D. K. Singh

The author of this bound volume is of the strong opinion that the field of manufacturing engineering is an interesting field that has enabled it to have a wide or vast scope based on its applicatio...
A depression network of functionally connected regions discovered via multi-attribute canonical correlation graphs

To establish brain network properties associated with major depressive disorder (MDD) using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (Rs-fMRI) data, we develop a multi-attribute graph model to construct a region-level functional connectivity network that uses all voxel level information. For each region pair, we define the strength of the connectivity as the kernel canonical correlation coefficient between voxels in the two regions; and we develop a permutation test to assess the statistical significance. We also construct a network based classifier for making predictions on the risk of MDD. We apply our method to Rs-fMRI data from 20 MDD patients and 20 healthy control subjects in the Predictors of Remission in Depression to Individual and Combined Treatments (PReDICT) study. Using this method, MDD patients can be distinguished from healthy control subjects based on significant differences in the strength of regional connectivity. We also demonstrate the performance of the proposed method using simulationstudies.
Exploring the Electromagnetic Spectrum

Upon detailed examination, the spectra of sunlight were found not to be continuous but rather to be interrupted by dark lines. It was discovered that when burned, chemicals often gave off light at very specific wavelengths. It became possible to determine the elements present in a compound by examination of the spectrum. The element helium was discovered in the spectrum of the Sun’s corona during an eclipse 30 years before it was discovered trapped in minerals on Earth. It was found that spectral lines are mathematically related. Heinrich Hertz confirmed Maxwell’s ideas about electromagnetic radiation by generating it in his laboratory. He did not realize the implications of his discovery. Giuseppe Marconi made the electromagnetic spectrum a tool for civilization, developing radio transmission. Human use of the electromagnetic spectrum has expanded to include FM radio, television, radar, and even microwave cooking.
A Custom-Developed Emergency Department Provider Electronic Documentation System Reduces Operational Efficiency.

Study objective Electronic health record implementation can improve care, but may also adversely affect emergency department (ED) efficiency. We examine how a custom, ED provider, electronic documentation system (eDoc), which replaced paper documentation, affects operational performance. Methods We analyzed retrospective operational data for 1-year periods before and after eDoc implementation in a single ED. We computed daily operational statistics, reflecting 60,870 pre- and 59,337 postimplementation patient encounters. The prespecified primary outcome was daily mean length of stay; secondary outcomes were daily mean length of stay for admitted and discharged patients and daily mean arrival time to disposition for admitted patients. We used a prespecified multiple regression model to identify differences in outcomes while controlling for prespecified confounding variables. Results The unadjusted change in length of stay was 8.4 minutes; unadjusted changes in secondary outcomes were length of stay for admitted patients 11.4 minutes, length of stay for discharged patients 1.8 minutes, and time to disposition 1.8 minutes. With a prespecified regression analysis to control for variations in operational characteristics, there were significant increases in length of stay (6.3 minutes [95% confidence interval 3.5 to 9.1 minutes]) and length of stay for discharged patients (5.1 minutes [95% confidence interval 1.9 to 8.3 minutes]). There was no statistically significant change in length of stay for admitted patients or time to disposition. Conclusion In our single-center study, the isolated implementation of eDoc was associated with increases in overall and discharge length of stay. Our findings suggest that a custom-designed electronic provider documentation may negatively affect ED throughput. Strategies to mitigate these effects, such as reducing documentation requirements or adding clinical staff, scribes, or voice recognition, would be a valuable area of future research.
Who Cares? Generativity and the Moral Emotions, Part 2: A “Social Intuitionist Model” of Moral Motivation:

Part 1 in this three-part series proposed a new direction for theory and research in the “psychology of ultimate concerns” (Emmons, 1999) to be organized around Erik Erikson's (2000) socio-moral an...
Amendment and Revision of State Constitutions in Michigan and the Middle West

In the study and discussion of American political ideas and methods the emphasis has been laid on the powers and activities of the National Government, and far too little attention has been given to the developments within the States. The State Constitutions of the revolutionary period have been examined, but mainly for the purpose of tracing the development of the Constitution of the United States. Almost nothing has been done to analyze the fundamental changes in the American political system by the revision and amendment of State constitutions in the two or three decades before 1850. The reconstruction period in the Southern States has been studied mainly with reference to the questions of secession and slavery; and other important changes made during that period, both in Southern and Northern States, have been practically neglected. And the full significance of alterations in State Constitutions during the past decade or so are far from being thoroughly appreciated. It is the purpose of this paper to examine briefly the more recent changes in the Constitutions of the States of the Middle West, including the States of the old Northwest territory and the adjacent states west of the Mississippi river. At first sight, such a subject seems to offer comparatively little material for study. With the exception of Michigan, whose revised Constitution goes into effect with the beginning of 1909, none of these states have made a general revision of its Constitution since 1870; most of the constitutions date from before the Civil War, and a number from the middle of the last century.
Short communication: Lymphocyte proliferative responses in cattle naturally infected with digital dermatitis consist of CD8+ and γδ-T cells but lack CD4+ T cells.

ABSTRACT Digital dermatitis is an infectious disease of cattle and the leading cause of lameness. This disease is complicated by the reoccurrence of the lesions and the observation of lesions on more than one limb at different time points, indicating infection may not result in a protective immune response. The objective of this study was to characterize the peripheral blood cellular response in naturally infected and naive cattle to bacterial antigens derived from pathogens associated with digital dermatitis lesions. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from dairy cattle identified as having active or chronic lesions during routine hoof-trimming. Following bacterial antigen stimulation, cells were analyzed for proliferation and phenotype by flow cytometry, and culture supernatants were analyzed for IFN-γ secretion. Digital-dermatitis-infected animals had greater serum antibody titers to treponemal antigens, higher percentages of proliferating CD8+, γδ-T cells, and B cells, and increased IFN-γ secretion in vitro when compared with responses of naive animals. No increase in proliferation of CD4+ T cells was detected in infected or naive cattle. Although CD8+ and γδ-T cell responses may be antigen specific, the memory nature or long-lived response is yet unknown. The lack of responsiveness of CD4+ memory cells to treponemal antigens could explain the high rate of reoccurrence of digital dermatitis in infected animals.
Abstract 81: Endogenous ADAMTS-13 regulates vasculogenic functions in glioblastoma cells

ADAMTS-13, a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with a thrombospondin type 1 motif, member 13, is a zinc-containing metalloprotease that cleaves von Willebrand factor. Previous publications by our laboratory have shown that either endogenous or exogenous ADAMTS-13 may regulate angiogenesis in endothelial cells; for example, siRNA knockdown of endogenous endothelial cell ADAMTS-13 reduced angiogenic activities including cell migration, proliferation, and tube formation (Tang et al. Microvascular Res 2017; 113:85-70). Many tumor cells have the ability to develop a vascular phenotype, a process known as vasculogenic mimicry (VM). There is a multitude of evidence demonstrating that tumor cell-mediated VM may play a vital role in tumor development, independent of endothelial cell angiogenesis. For this study, we report that decreasing ADAMTS-13 levels inhibit vasculogenic functions in a glioblastoma cell line (LN-229), while increasing ADAMTS-13 levels had no effect. Incubating up to 30ng/ml of exogenous ADAMTS-13 did not promote cell proliferation and up to 200ng/ml did not change tube formation in LN-299 brain tumor cells. One possible explanation for this observation is that LN-299 brain tumor cells have almost twice the endogenous ADAMTS-13 expression than endothelial cells (~200pg/ml vs ~100pg/ml), so this cell line is not sensitive to exogenous ADAMTS-13. Using siRNA, we were able to successfully knockdown endogenous ADAMTS-13 in human brain tumor LN-229 cells. 50nM of ADAMTS-13 siRNA in a six-well plate inhibited HUVEC ADAMTS-13 expression levels by 75% after 48hr incubation, whereas control siRNA did not affect endogenous ADAMTS-13 levels. Additionally, expression of ADAMTS-1, a related family member of ADAMTS-13 was not affected by the knockdown. The effects of reduced endogenous ADAMTS-13 on glioblastoma vasculogenic functions were studied. Transfection of HUVEC with 50nM of ADAMTS-13 siRNA in a 24-well plate resulted in about 20% decrease in proliferation after 24hr and 48hr incubation. We demonstrated that decreased expression of endogenous ADAMTS-13 also affected vasculogenic mimicry as measured by glioblastoma cell tube formation using a Matrigel matrix method. The tube lengths, sizes and junction numbers of the ADAMTS-13 knockdown cells were all significantly lower compared to control cells by about 30-40%, respectively. Moreover, the expression of VEGF, a well-known regulator of angiogenesis, was significantly decreased by 25% after knockdown of endogenous LN-229 ADAMTS-13. Overall, these data suggest that endogenous ADAMTS-13 may regulate glioblastoma cell growth and function. Citation Format: Huiyuan Tang, Manfai Lee, Eun Ho Kim, Daniel Bishop, George M. Rodgers. Endogenous ADAMTS-13 regulates vasculogenic functions in glioblastoma cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 81.
Women, Prison and, HIV: An Introduction

This chapter will illustrate the effects of incarceration and HIV on female offenders and discuss the history of female imprisonment. Statistics on HIV and incarceration are presented. The consequences of incarceration (absent programming) will be investigated, especially the effects of “invisible punishments.” Economic status, race, and gender are explored in relationship to incarceration and HIV infection. An introduction to the benefits of prison-based programming as a way to mitigate both crime and HIV will be examined. An overview of two HIV prison-based programs—ACE and CARE—will be given.
Intersections of Race-Ethnicity, Gender, and Sexual Minority Communities

Conceptualizing and defining “sexual minority communities” have been an ongoing challenge for researchers and theorists in the social sciences (Moradi, Mohr, Worthington, & Fassinger, Journal of Counseling Psychology, 56: 5–22, 2009). The term “sexual minority” represents a diverse group of people and, in many ways, is an imprecise construct to describe the many unique specific characteristics and concerns of individuals generally included under this umbrella term. In this chapter, this term is used in an effort to reflect the diverse gender and sexual identity expressions (e.g., lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender) among individuals often labeled as LGBT. The specific focus of this chapter is to highlight some of connections and similarities relative to the stigma, oppression, and discrimination experienced by sexual minority communities on the basis of gender, sexual identity, and race/ethnicity. Although much of the extant literature focuses on lesbian, gay, and bisexual individuals, more recent literature has focused on transgender communities (Hendricks & Testa, Professional Psychology, Research and Practice, 43(5): 460–467, 2012; Institute of Medicine, The health of lesbian, gay, bisexual, andtransgender people: Building a foundation for better understanding. The National Academies Press, 2011; Nadal, Rivera, & Corpus, Sexual orientation and transgender microaggressions in everyday life: Experiences of lesbians, gays, bisexuals, and transgender individuals. In: Microaggressions and marginality: Manifestation, dynamics, and impact, Wiley, 2010) and will be discussed here as well.
The Structure of Arithmetic Fields

This chapter develops the basic structure theory for local and global fields; we follow A. Weil in stressing the topological rather than algebraic perspective, although perhaps less emphatically. Thus the more algebraically inclined will gain new insight into phenomena that have more often been treated in the context of the fraction field of a discrete valuation ring with finite residue field, or a Dedekind domain.
Spin trapping and flipping in FeCO through relativistic electron dynamics

Transition metal compounds are very versatile, and their characteristics can differ profoundly depending on their electronic structure. Compounds in which a spin transition from a low-spin to a high-spin state can be achieved through means of an optical excitation are particularly intriguing, as a controlled spin–flip opens promising avenues in areas such as sensing, information technology, molecular switches and energy technology. The fundamental mechanisms in spin crossover and spin transitions remain unanswered, due to the complexity of electronic structure and interplay of relativistic effects. Presented here is a new approach that allows the first direct study of spin flip dynamics through a mapping of spin-mixed to spin-pure states. The method is applied to FeCO and addresses the spin–flip dynamics during a spin transition. Wave packets that combine different spin states are generated through optical excitation and relevant mechanisms in optically triggered spin transitions are discussed.
Fecal calprotectin and fecal indole predict outcome of fecal microbiota transplantation in subjects with recurrent Clostridium difficile infection.

Abstract Fecal calprotectin and indole were studied in 134 subjects with recurrent CDI before and after FMT. Reduced fecal calprotectin (p = 0.0353, 95% CI 0.1305–0.1439) and rising levels of indole (p
Chapter 13 - Claudins in Cancer Biology

Publisher Summary This chapter reviews the changes in claudin expression observed in various cancers, their mechanisms of regulation, and the functional studies that may suggest a role for these proteins in cancer. The chapter also reviews the literature suggesting that claudins may become useful markers for detection, diagnosis, and possible targets for therapy. The expression of claudin proteins is altered in several neoplastic tissues compared to their normal counterparts. Claudins have been found both elevated and decreased in tumors, depending on the exact claudin and cancer studied. Claudin-3 and claudin-4 are among the most frequently deregulated claudins in cancer and are typically found highly expressed in ovarian cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer, and pancreatic cancer. Other tumors that express claudin-3 and -4 include those in bladder, thyroid, stomach, colon, and uterus. Multiple stimuli, including growth factors, cytokines, and certain drugs, have been shown to affect claudin expression. The exact mechanisms by which the claudin levels are affected are not completely understood but claudin expression can be regulated at the transcriptional, posttranscriptional, and posttranslational levels.
Magnetic Behavior in Nanocrystalline Fe-Cu-Nb-Si-B Alloys at Elevated Temperatures

Magnetic behavior in nanocrystalline Fe72Cu1Nb4.5Si13.5B9 alloy is investigated by measurements of low and high field magnetization and coercivity over the temperature range from 300 K to 800 K. When the measuring temperatures approach the Curie temperature of intergranular amorphous phase Tc (am), the nanocrystalline materials consists of ferromagnetic Fe-rich nanocrystals embedded in a weakly magnetic or non-magnetic matrix. Samples with different volume fractions of crystalline phase are used to vary the nature and strength of inter-particle interactions between the nanocrystallites. It is shown that at temperatures above Tc (am), the specimens with low fraction of nanocrystalline particles exhibit superparamagnetic behavior. In the case of specimens containing larger fraction of crystalline phase, the magnetic interaction between particles prevents superparamagnetic relaxation and superferromagnetic ordering of the particle magnetic moments above Tc (am) is observed.
A laser diagnostic at 427 nm for quantitative measurements of CH in a shock tube

The methylidyne radical (CH) is a hydrocarbon combustion intermediate of great importance in the prompt formation of NO, a highly regulated pollutant. Recent work in modeling the combustion chemistry of NO has highlighted the need for further study of CH and its associated high-temperature chemistry. This paper details the new development of a fixed-wavelength, cw laser absorption diagnostic for measurements of CH at high temperatures behind reflected shock waves. A detailed spectroscopic model was utilized to predict CH absorption within the A ← X band of CH, and the broadening coefficient of the selected blended transition was measured in a series of fixed-wavelength measurements. A demonstration of the diagnostic was performed in highly Ar-diluted C2H6/O2 and CH4/O2 mixtures between 1750 and 3050 K near 101 kPa. For both mixtures, experimental peak levels of CH were found to be generally overestimated by 40–80% by two chemical kinetics mechanisms. Such discrepancies highlight the need for further refinement of CH chemistry, which could be facilitated through future applications of this diagnostic and through the data provided herein. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study provides the first CH profiles measured in C2H6 oxidation.
Evidence-Based Treatments for Comorbid Autism Spectrum Disorders

This chapter provides an overview of evidence-based treatments designed for individuals with comorbid diagnoses of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and intellectual disability (ID). Common symptoms of ASD that are often apparent in early childhood are difficulties with social interaction, speech delays, repetitive behaviors, and limited interests. When individuals have a comorbid diagnosis of ASD and ID, frequently referred to as “low-functioning autism,” many of the typical treatments that are used for these individuals require modifications. The categories of evidence-based treatments highlighted in this chapter include behavioral and cognitive-behavioral interventions, naturalistic interventions, early interventions, social skills training, language training, as well as parent and peer interventions. The treatments discussed in this chapter have traditionally exhibited effectiveness for school-aged children, but more research could support their appropriateness for youth and adult populations in the future.
Applying Pavement Preservation Principles in Unpaved Road Management with Specific Reference to Fines Preservation and Dust Control

Unacceptable levels of dust are generated on unsealed road networks in most countries. The loss of fines associated with road dust contributes to increased gravel loss and the need for more frequen...
High Refractive Index Polymers (n > 1.7), Based on Thiol–Ene Cross-Linking of Polarizable P═S and P═Se Organic/Inorganic Monomers

A new class of high refractive index polymers was developed through the thiol–ene coupling reaction of trivinylphosphine chalcogenides, [(CH2═CH−)3P═X (X = S, Se)], with 1,2-ethane dithiol and 1,3-...
Rescuing imperfect produce: The effects of stigma disclosure strategies, controllability, and aesthetics

Abstract In the U.S., the foodservice industry has been responsible for significant portions of food waste. Recently, on-site foodservice industry leaders advocate for the potential use of imperfect produce. However, lack of research efforts on the use of imperfect produce limits its adoption by the industry. Thus, this study investigates ways to enhance guests’ perception of companies when they adopt imperfect produce in their operations. Grounded in stigma theory, this research conducted two studies to evaluate the application of stigma theory to imperfect produce in a foodservice setting: study one, 3 (disclosure strategies: simple vs. de-categorization vs. integration) × 2 (controllability: high vs. low) and study two, 3 (same disclosure strategies) × 2 (aesthetics: standard vs. aesthetic). Findings of this research indicate that simple disclosure strategies are not effective compared to the other two strategies. However, this depends on controllability of the stigma and environmental aesthetics of imperfect produce presentation.
An evaluation of the spread and scale of PatientToc™ from primary care to community pharmacy practice for the collection of patient-reported outcomes: A study protocol.

Abstract Background Medication non-adherence is a problem of critical importance, affecting approximately 50% of all persons taking at least one regularly scheduled prescription medication and costing the United States more than $100 billion annually. Traditional data sources for identifying and resolving medication non-adherence in community pharmacies include prescription fill histories. However, medication possession does not necessarily mean patients are taking their medications as prescribed. Patient-reported outcomes (PROs), measuring adherence challenges pertaining to both remembering and intention to take medication, offer a rich data source for pharmacists and prescribers to use to resolve medication non-adherence. PatientToc™ is a PROs collection software developed to facilitate collection of PROs data from low-literacy and non-English speaking patients in Los Angeles. Objectives This study will evaluate the spread and scale of PatientToc™ from primary care to community pharmacies for the collection and use of PROs data pertaining to medication adherence. Methods The following implementation and evaluation steps will be conducted: 1) a pre-implementation developmental formative evaluation to determine community pharmacy workflow and current practices for identifying and resolving medication non-adherence, potential barriers and facilitators to PatientToc™ implementation, and to create a draft implementation toolkit, 2) two plan-do-study-act cycles to refine an implementation toolkit for spreading and scaling implementation of PatientToc™ in community pharmacies, and 3) a comprehensive, theory-driven evaluation of the quality of care, implementation, and patient health outcomes of spreading and scaling PatientToc™ to community pharmacies. Expected impact This research will inform long-term collection and use of PROs data pertaining to medication adherence in community pharmacies.
7 – CHARACTER MANIPULATION

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses some of the basic operations of bit manipulation and character manipulation. It describes how these operations can be expressed in the Fortran language. The chapter also discusses how Fortran programs can be written for tasks, such as the input and output of alphanumeric data and the assembly of symbolic instructions into machine language. There are several ways of manipulating characters. One of these ways is to use the standard input routine to break a string of characters into a string of words containing one character each. This can be done by using the R1 format. The chapter illustrates this method by considering a character manipulation problem. The program would work in the Fortran 63 system.
Hybrid approach to postmyocardial infarction ventricular septal defect repair

Postinfarction ventricular septal rupture is a rare and devastating complication of myocardial infarction. Despite attempts at acute surgical and percutaneous defect closure, morbidity and mortality remain high. Herein, we describe a hybrid surgical and catheter-based approach to defect closure in a 63-year-old woman with postinfarction ventricular septal rupture and cardiogenic shock.
Development of a volumetric pancreas segmentation CT dataset for AI applications through trained technologists: a study during the COVID 19 containment phase.

To evaluate the performance of trained technologists vis-a-vis radiologists for volumetric pancreas segmentation and to assess the impact of supplementary training on their performance. In this IRB-approved study, 22 technologists were trained in pancreas segmentation on portal venous phase CT through radiologist-led interactive videoconferencing sessions based on an image-rich curriculum. Technologists segmented pancreas in 188 CTs using freehand tools on custom image-viewing software. Subsequent supplementary training included multimedia videos focused on common errors, which were followed by second batch of 159 segmentations. Two radiologists reviewed all cases and corrected inaccurate segmentations. Technologists’ segmentations were compared against radiologists’ segmentations using Dice-Sorenson coefficient (DSC), Jaccard coefficient (JC), and Bland–Altman analysis. Corrections were made in 71 (38%) cases from first batch [26 (37%) oversegmentations and 45 (63%) undersegmentations] and in 77 (48%) cases from second batch [12 (16%) oversegmentations and 65 (84%) undersegmentations]. DSC, JC, false positive (FP), and false negative (FN) [mean (SD)] in first versus second batches were 0.63 (0.15) versus 0.63 (0.16), 0.48 (0.15) versus 0.48 (0.15), 0.29 (0.21) versus 0.21 (0.10), and 0.36 (0.20) versus 0.43 (0.19), respectively. Differences were not significant (p > 0.05). However, range of mean pancreatic volume difference reduced in the second batch [− 2.74 cc (min − 92.96 cc, max 87.47 cc) versus − 23.57 cc (min − 77.32, max 30.19)]. Trained technologists could perform volumetric pancreas segmentation with reasonable accuracy despite its complexity. Supplementary training further reduced range of volume difference in segmentations. Investment into training technologists could augment and accelerate development of body imaging datasets for AI applications.
Combining multiple tactics over time for cost‐effective eradication of invading insect populations

Because of the profound ecological and economic impacts of many non-native insect species, early detection and eradication of newly founded, isolated populations is a high priority for preventing damages. Though successful eradication is often challenging, the effectiveness of several treatment methods/tactics is enhanced by the existence of Allee dynamics in target populations. Historically, successful eradication has often relied on the application of two or more tactics. Here, we examine how to combine three treatment tactics in the most cost-effective manner, either simultaneously or sequentially in a multiple-annum process. We show that each tactic is most efficient across a specific range of population densities. Furthermore, we show that certain tactics inhibit the efficiency of other tactics and should therefore not be used simultaneously; but since each tactic is effective at specific densities, different combinations of tactics should be applied sequentially through time when a multiple-annum eradication programme is needed.
Routine Activity Theory and 13 Reasons Why

Cohen and Felson’s (American Sociological Review, 44, 588–608, 1979) routine activity theory has been one of the most applied and researched theories in criminology. Many researchers have conducted various studies testing the theory and applying it to specific types of crimes. Routine activity theory has been applied to numerous criminal or deviant behaviors in an attempt to explain why the acts were committed by using three key elements. This chapter will focus on the roles characters play throughout the Netflix TV series 13 Reasons Why. The roles describe how criminal or deviant behaviors are a result of three elements captured by Cohen and Felson’s (American Sociological Review, 44, 588–608, 1979) routine activity theory. This chapter will explain the setting and situation of each episode describing which character plays the role of each element within the theory. The chapter will display a range of criminal or deviant behaviors which ultimately leads to a tragic ending. Due to the level of traumatic events within the series, the show remains extremely controversial throughout its four seasons.
What activities individuals with intellectual disabilities do for fun: exploration into self-care

Participation in enjoyable activities is instrumental to improving individuals’ quality of life. Previous studies have indicated engagement in community-based activities and physical exercise are b...
Judgment errors in naturalistic numerical estimation

Abstract People estimate numerical quantities (such as the calories of foods) on a day-to-day basis. Although these estimates influence behavior and determine wellbeing, they are prone to two important types of errors. Scaling errors occur when people make mistakes reporting their beliefs about a particular numerical quantity (e.g. by inflating small numbers). Belief errors occur when people make mistakes using their knowledge of the judgment target to form their beliefs about the numerical quantity (e.g. by overweighting certain cues). In this paper, we quantitatively model numerical estimates, and in turn, scaling and belief errors, in everyday judgment tasks. Our approach is unique in using insights from semantic memory research to specify knowledge for naturalistic judgment targets, allowing our models to formally describe nuanced errors in belief not considered in prior research. In Studies 1 and 2, we find that belief error models predict participant estimates and errors with very high out-of-sample accuracy rates, significantly outperforming the predictions of scaling error models. In fact, the best-fitting belief error models can closely mimic the inverse-S shaped patterns captured by scaling error models, suggesting that the types of responses previously attributed to scaling errors can be seen as errors of belief. In Studies 3 to 8, we find that belief error models are also able to predict people's responses in semantic judgment, free association, and verbal protocol tasks related to numerical judgment, and thus provide a good account of the cognitive underpinnings of judgment.
Case 23. Arthropod reaction with CD30 positive infiltrate and ulceration mimicking CD30 lymphoproliferative disorder

The number of reactive CD30+ infiltrates is disproportionally higher than cases of CD30+ lymphomas in the practice of dermatologists and oncologists. It should be a rule to exclude all benign conditions first in case of CD30+ cells’ presence on biopsy since CD30 is not a marker of malignancy. Anaplastic large cell lymphoma is not a pediatric lymphoma. Paraphrasing a popular expression, the children’s skin is not an adult skin in a small format. The cells appear to be more active and with ease acquire activation marker CD30 in cases of various arthropod assaults; the proliferative index is always high. Those morphologies without contest always look worrisome. Clinicopathologic correlation is crucial to avoid devastating treatments like in one of the cases below.
Tracking surface waves in bi-static geometries with Doppler sensitive probe signals

This talk describes a method of estimating the position and velocity of surface waves that uses the delay and Doppler shift of observed scatter arrivals, and does not need a receiving array with high spatial resolution. This method is demonstrated using data collected during the at-sea KAM11 experiment, similar to data that has been previously analyzed using Doppler insensitive linear frequency modulated waveforms [e.g., M. Badiey, A. Song, and K. Smith, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 132(4), EL290–EL295 (2012)]. An analysis of Doppler sensitive maximum length sequence transmissions is presented for the same experimental geometry as the previous studies. The Doppler sensitive analysis shows additional scatter arrivals previously not reported with distinct Doppler shifts. A simple travel time argument is then used to explain the observed Doppler of the scatter arrivals, and infer the time-varying position of waves traveling along the sea surface.
Punitive Damages, Liquidated Damages, and Clauses Pénales in Contract Actions: A Comparative Analysis of the American Common Law and the French Civil Code

Although American common law allows punitive damages for reckless or intentional torts, it will neither allow a jury to assess punitive damages for breach of contract nor permit enforcement of a contractual damages clause that is deemed to be punitive. This approach is rooted in an early Chancery practice of granting equitable relief from oppressive penal bonds and has been more recently justified as a means of facilitating efficient breach. Economic efficiency, however, can be accomplished even if punitive damages could be assessed for intentional breach, because the parties would have an incentive to negotiate a release from the first contract to enable both to share in the surplus offered by an intervening contractual opportunity. Moreover, negotiation of an enforceable penalty clause would allow some parties to maximize their utility by exchanging a signal of assurance of performance for a premium fee. Additionally, the French experience invites a fresh look, because—although it generally disallows punitive damages of a judicial origin for any civil wrong, tort or breach of contract—it honors freedom of contract and the autonomy of the parties by enforcing a contractual penalty clause (although the court may reduce an excessive contractual penalty). Taking a cue from the French approach, American courts and legislatures should reconsider their refusal to sanction freely negotiated penalty clauses and enforce them to the extent that they permit the parties to maximize their collective utility. * Professor of Law, the College of Law at Arizona State University. The author wishes to thank Alice Chauveaux, Eduoard Figerou, Marie Blonde, Nicole Frisbee, Laurence Grimaldi, Phillippe Martinet, Keith Ricker, Caroline Sebag, and Ashley Stallings for their research and their translation of French legal texts; Regina Jefferies for her research and translation of German texts; and Jose Saldivar for his research and translation of
Biocompatibility of SU-8 and Its Biomedical Device Applications.

SU-8 is an epoxy-based, negative-tone photoresist that has been extensively utilized to fabricate myriads of devices including biomedical devices in the recent years. This paper first reviews the biocompatibility of SU-8 for in vitro and in vivo applications. Surface modification techniques as well as various biomedical applications based on SU-8 are also discussed. Although SU-8 might not be completely biocompatible, existing surface modification techniques, such as O2 plasma treatment or grafting of biocompatible polymers, might be sufficient to minimize biofouling caused by SU-8. As a result, a great deal of effort has been directed to the development of SU-8-based functional devices for biomedical applications. This review includes biomedical applications such as platforms for cell culture and cell encapsulation, immunosensing, neural probes, and implantable pressure sensors. Proper treatments of SU-8 and slight modification of surfaces have enabled the SU-8 as one of the unique choices of materials in the fabrication of biomedical devices. Due to the versatility of SU-8 and comparative advantages in terms of improved Young’s modulus and yield strength, we believe that SU-8-based biomedical devices would gain wider proliferation among the biomedical community in the future.
Accelerating Character Education Learning Through a Networked Approach: Insights From the Kern Partners for Character and Educational Leadership:

This article explores the utility of networked improvement communities (NICs) as an organizing structure for scaling character education across educational leadership programs through a case study ...
Native owned and grown or demeaning and offensive? American Indian adults' perspectives on Natural American Spirit branded cigarettes.

INTRODUCTION Owned by a major US tobacco company with no American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) tribal affiliation, Natural American Spirit (NAS) cigarette packs feature an American Indian warrior, thunderbird and peace pipe. The current study examined AI/AN adults' perceptions of NAS cigarette packs in the US, which have not been reported on prior. METHODS AI/AN adults were recruited via Qualtrics national panels (n=500; 64% female, age M=39.9 years, 47% current smokers) in 2020. After viewing NAS pack images online (front, back and sides), participants were asked about NAS tribal affiliation, health perceptions and purchase intentions. Participants also wrote-in what the NAS pack logos meant to them. RESULTS Most participants (65%) believed NAS is AI/AN-owned and/or grown on tribal lands. Among current smokers, beliefs of an AI/AN affiliation were associated with misperceptions of NAS being a healthier cigarette and with greater intention to purchase NAS cigarettes (p's<0.01). Participants who did not believe NAS was grown or owned by AI/AN tribes were more likely to describe the NAS warrior logo as cultural misappropriation (17%) than participants who believed NAS was AI/AN tribally affiliated (4%, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS The findings indicate a dichotomy in beliefs among surveyed AI/AN adults regarding NAS brand cigarettes. A majority held the misconception that NAS is tribally affiliated, while an informed and concerned minority characterised the branding as cultural misappropriation. The current packaging is reasonably expected to result in beliefs that NAS cigarettes are AI/AN tribally affiliated, and these beliefs may be associated with misperceptions of lesser harm.
Significance of B-type natriuretic peptide in acute cerebrovascular disease.

Increased serum N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (N-BNP) has been observed in congestive heart failure (CHF), acute coronary syndromes, pulmonary embolism and septic shock. N-BNP elevation has also been linked with ischemic stroke (IS) and aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH); however, the significance of N-BNP in this setting is unknown. We hypothesized that elevated serum N-BNP may occur independently of CHF in patients with acute cerebrovascular disease.
Ordinary Violence? Ireland as Emergency in the Tudor State: Ordinary Violence?

This essay urges comparative study of violence in early modern Ireland and England. Ireland was colonized by the English in this period, and thus violence there is primarily studied through the lens of colonialism and in comparison with overseas colonial settings. Additionally, as argued below, scholars should be attentive to links with violence found in the other Tudor and Stuart realms, here focusing on England. To that end, the essay starts out by looking briefly at differences in the characterization and conceptualization of England's Irish and American colonial projects, the point being to make a case for seeing Ireland's centrality to the Tudor and Stuart states. From there, it offers a series of observations on similarities and points of contact between violence and its meanings in these two realms governed (at least in theory) by the same monarchy. In doing so, it claims that while the ‘extraordinary’, i.e. colonial, nature of violence in early modern Ireland is crucial for understanding the period, equally crucial is an understanding of the ‘ordinary’ aspects of that violence – defined as aspects of a more general state of terrific, quotidian violence experienced commonly within the realms. Analysis of both these colonial and the domestic contexts is necessary for assessing early modern Irish−English relations and their place in larger historical inquiries concerned with state/empire formation, modern imperialism and human rights.
Induction of leucine aminopeptidase by interferon-gamma. Identification by protein microsequencing after purification by preparative two-dimensional gel electrophoresis.

Abstract The protein previously called "Mr approximately 50/pI approximately 6.9," which we observed to be induced by the immunoregulatory cytokine interferon (IFN)-gamma in human fibroblasts, was purified from a total cell lysate by preparative two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and identified by partial amino-terminal sequencing as leucine aminopeptidase (LAP), a 53-kDa cytosolic exopeptidase. Induction of LAP protein by IFN-gamma, confirmed by immunoblotting with an antiserum raised against bovine lens LAP, is a consequence of induction of LAP mRNA and occurs in all four human cell lines examined: HS153 fibroblasts, ACHN renal carcinoma, A549 lung carcinoma, and A375 melanoma. Induction of LAP mRNA is a secondary response to IFN-gamma, blocked by inhibition of protein synthesis with cycloheximide.