cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Glycerol from biodiesel production: the new corn for dairy cattle

Glycerol, also known as glycerin, is a colorless, odorless, hygroscopic, and sweet-tasting viscous liquid. It is a sugar alcohol with high solubility index in water and has a wide range of applications in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. The use of glycerol in diets for dairy cattle is not novel; however, this interest has been renewed due to the increased availability and favorable pricing of glycerol as a consequence of recent growth in the biofuels industry. Experimental evidence supports the use of glycerol as a transition cow therapy but feeding rates are low, ranging from 5 to 8 % of the diet DM. There is a paucity of research that examines the use of glycerol as a macro-ingredient in rations for lactating dairy cows. Most reports indicate a lack of effect of addition of glycerol to the diet when it replaces corn or corn starch. Recent feeding experiments with lactating dairy cows indicate replacing corn with glycerol to a level of 15% of the ration DM does not adversely effect milk production or composition. Milk production was 37.0, 36.9, 37.3, 36.4 ± 0.6 kg/d and feed intake was 24.0, 24.5, 24.6, 24.1 ± 0.5 kg/d for 0, 5, 10 and 15% glycerol treatments respectively and did not differ (P > 0.05) except for a modest reduction in feed intake during the first 7 days for the 15% glycerol treatment. Glycerol fed to dairy cattle is fermented to volatile fatty acids in the rumen and early reports indicated that glycerol is almost entirely fermented to propionate. In vitro data indicates glycerol fermentation increases the production of propionate and butyrate at the expense of acetate. Rumen microbes appear to adapt to glycerol feeding and consequently, cows fed glycerol also require an adaptation period to glycerol inclusion. Debate exists regarding the fate of glycerol in the rumen and although most reports suggest that glycerol is largely fermented in the rumen, the extent of rumen digestion may depend on level of inclusion in the diet. Data are lacking regarding the rates of rumen fermentation of glycerol at intake levels for high producing dairy cattle. Current data indicates that glycerol can be included in diets fed to dairy cattle at macro ingredient levels; however, additional information is needed to permit a full appreciation of the feeding value of glycerol and the resulting impact on cow health and productivity.
Cationic flotation of silica from magnetic iron-ore concentrates

Twelve cationic, amine-salt silica-collectors were evaluated on three samples of magnetic iron-ore concentrate. Coco primary amine acetate was used as the standard of comparison. Lauryl primary amine acetate is somewhat more efficient in collecting silica than the standard, and equally selective. Tallow primary amine acetate is equally selective and somewhat less efficient than the the standard. Coco diamine is more selective and somewhat more efficient than the standard. Oleyl and tallow diamines are more selective and somewhat less efficient than the standard. Trimethyl alkyl ammonium chloride compounds are more selective but less efficient than primary amines and diamines. Selectivity, in general, is inversely proportional to efficiency (silica pulling strength). Strong collectors, in other words, tend to float small amounts of iron along with the silica. Finely ground (90% less than 325 mesh or finer) magnetic concentrates with iron and silica almost completely liberated are highly responsive to upgrading. Concentrates of the same fine mesh size but containing unliberated iron-silicate are less responsive.
Hepatocellular carcinomas in Vietnamese pot-bellied pigs (Sus scrofa).

Various neoplasms have been reported in Vietnamese pot-bellied pigs (Sus scrofa) with few reports of hepatocellular tumors. Twenty-two pot-bellied pigs diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma at ne...
Caseous calcification of the anterior mitral valve annulus presenting as intracardiac mass

FIGURE 1. Transesophageal echocardiography showing the mass under the anterior leaflet of the mitral valve (arrow). LA, Left atrium; LV, left ventricle. Caseous calcification of the mitral annulus occurs in approximately 0.5% to 1% of patients with mitral annular calcification and most commonly involves the posterior annulus. It can cause mitral regurgitation, mitral stenosis, and heart block, and increases the complexity of mitral valve replacement. We present a case of caseous calcification of the anterior leaflet of the mitral valve presenting with a retinal artery embolization, severe mitral regurgitation, and a cardiac mass.
Simplified Solution for Periodic Thermal Discontinuities in Asphalt Overlays Bonded to Rigid Pavements

This work investigates the elastic fields which develop in an overlay bonded to a rigid substrate when the system is subjected to thermally induced stress. A two-dimensional solution of the displacement field is derived for periodic discontinuities distributed in a hot mix asphalt overlay bonded to a rigid pavement, where the length of the pavement before cracking develops is much larger than its layer thickness. A series form solution is obtained, requiring calibration due to the limitation of the basis functions used. The formulation allows thermal cracks of variable depth to be considered, and its accuracy is verified through comparisons with numerical solutions obtained with ABAQUS. Energy release rates are calculated from the model for top-down plane strain cracking and three-dimensional channeling. By comparing the energy release rates with the fracture toughness of the overlay, conditions for crack initiation and an estimation of crack depth for a given temperature change can be estimated. Although several simplifying assumptions are made in the current approach, it is shown to be more general and therefore more widely applicable as compared to existing closed-form solutions. The solutions are valuable to the pavement analyst who seeks to understand the general mechanisms of thermally induced pavement deterioration and for the researcher wishing to perform early stage verification of more complex pavement models.
A single-inductor multiple-output converter with peak current state-machine control

An integrated single-inductor multiple positive/negative output dual-loop DC-DC converter with multiplexed rectifiers for TFT LCD display supply will be presented. The converter operates with a tiny chip-size inductor. Based on the physical behavior of the inductor a very robust power stage will be shown, which can service an unlimited number of positive and negative output channels with a single inductor. All the different voltage levels (positive and negative) will be regulated independently on a cycle by cycle base. There are two different types of regulation loops running in the converter. The control of the individual channels is managed by a state machine (first loop) which takes care of the power stage switching pattern and allows the hysteretic converter to run in a pseudo continuous current mode to guarantee a high power conversion capability. The second loop works as a variable peak current control to minimize the inductor current. It will be demonstrated why running with a controlled peak current also yields in a small output voltage ripple and how the state-machine can help to further control the amount of energy delivered into one output channel. To achieve even lower ripple voltages below 10mV and high accuracy the main output is post-regulated by a tracking current-mode LDO. Finally the whole TPS6512X architecture with the multi-output converter, LDO's and control circuitry will be shown. The converter with 4.5ksqmil chip-size fits in a 16-pin 3/spl times/3 QFN package. Due to the high maximum switching frequency of the device a single, inexpensive and ultra-thin 10/spl mu/H inductor can be used, which offers a very compact and small power supply solution to provide all voltage levels required by small form-factor TFT-LCD panels.
A three-equation bypass transition model based on the intermittency function

An intermittency model that is formulated in local variables is proposed for representing bypass transition in Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) computations. No external data correlation is used to fix transition. Transition is initiated by diffusion and a source term carries it to completion. A sink term is created to predict the laminar region before transition and vanishes in turbulent region. The present model is implemented in OpenFOAM, a platform for computational fluid dynamics (CFD) codes with unstructured mesh. For validation of this model, a group of test cases based on flat plate experiments have been set up for numerical simulations in OpenFOAM. It turns out that the current model is capable to predict boundary layer transition on a flat plate both with and without pressure gradients when decent agreement with the available experiment data is observed.
Classification of Digital Photography for Measuring Productive Ground Cover

Abstract Productive ground cover (PGC) is often used as a measure of sward health and persistence. To measure PGC, a camera stand was constructed to provide diffuse lighting of grass swards for color digital photography; the photographs were classified into productive and nonproductive cover using Mahalanobis distance. The PGC measurement techniques were tested on a grazing experiment that used four forage types: Lakota prairie grass ( Bromus catharticus Vahl.), Kentucky 31 endophyte ( Neotyphodium coenophialum )-free tall fescue ( Lolium arundinaceum [Schreb.] S. J. Darbyshire), Kentucky 31 endophyte-infected tall fescue, and Quantum (novel-endophyte) tall fescue. The accuracy of the PGC maps was assessed using a stratified subsample of 48 images, 12 from each of four productive cover classes (0%–39%, 40%–59%, 60%–79%, and 80%–100%). On each of these 48 images 100 random points were labeled by a single skilled interpreter. The PGC percentages thus derived had an 83.7% agreement with the PGC maps. However, the percentages derived from the PGC maps were not well correlated with the PGC percentages derived from either ocular estimation ( r = 0.22) or a simple digital point quadrat method ( r = 0.47). This experiment highlights the potential for semiautomated classification of ground-based digital photographs for estimating PGC, though further research (including more direct comparison with established field techniques) is warranted.
Treatment and Management of FXTAS

Fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS) affects older adult carriers of the FMR1 premutation and can be associated with a broad array of clinical symptoms and presentations including tremor, ataxia, parkinsonism, executive function disturbance and dementia, psychiatric symptoms of anxiety, depression and disinhibition, peripheral neuropathy, autonomic dysfunction, hormonal dysfunction, and pain syndromes. Although controlled trials have not been carried out in individuals with FXTAS, there is information available regarding symptomatic treatments. Treatment is generally supportive, directed at component symptoms that are most problematic, and makes use of evidence regarding effectiveness of medications and other interventions for treatment of disorders that have phenotypic overlap with FXTAS. This chapter summarizes available treatments and supports that can be helpful for persons with FXTAS.
Wealth Inequality and Economic Power: A Sequential Bargaining Analysis

This paper adapts a matching and bargaining model due to Rubinstein and Wolinsky (1985) to analyze the connection between wealth inequality and economic power, understood as the ability to command a positive share of the net gains from given production relations. The analysis indicates that the translation of superior wealth in productive assets into economic power depends on an inverse relationship between wealth and bargaining costs at the level of individual transactions when significant exchange frictions exist and persistent capital scarcity at the level of market equilibrium as exchange frictions become small. Different interpretations of this scarcity condition are discussed.
Onthophagus gazella : Mass Rearing and Laboratory Biology

A method for mass-rearing Onthophagus gazella (F.), an Afro-Asian dung-beetle useful in suppression of dung-breeding Diptera and in recycling of manure on pastures, is described. The developmental period (egg to adult) averaged 29.8 days and average total production of progeny was ca. 90 per female.
A Control Strategy for Battery Energy Storage System to Level Wind Power Output

To decrease the fluctuation range of wind power output within the time scale from zero hour to 24 hour,restrain obvious peak-valley difference and improve reliability of wind power generation,enhance peak load regulation ability of power grid,based on short-term forecasting of wind power generation an operation and control strategy for Vanadium redox flow battery energy storage system(VRB-ESS) is proposed to restrain the fluctuation of wind power,and the flowchart of the proposed algorithm is given.Using the proposed energy storage and control strategy and taking typical wind farm for example,the limit of wind power output fluctuation is set as 10% and joint simulation of wind power generation and energy storage is performed.Simulation results show that the proposed control strategy is effect and feasible in partial peak shaving for wind power generation.
Locking the Asymmetric open Conformation of MG2+ Channel Cora with a Synthetic Antibody Fragment

Mg2+ is the most abundant divalent ion in living cells. Cells have adapted sophisticated mechanisms to regulate, store and transport Mg2+ across the membrane. In prokaryotes, the major uptake pathway for Mg2+ is the ion channel CorA. X-ray structures of closed state CorA at high Mg2+ concentrations reveal a symmetric homopentameric assembly where Mg2+ ions are bound in between the cytoplasmic domains inter-locking the channel. Recent data obtained by single particle cryo-EM suggest that at low Mg2+ concentrations, the open state CorA adopts an asymmetric conformation in which one of the cytoplasmic subunits ‘sways away’ from the axis of conductance pathway.Here, we have identified high affinity synthetic antibody fragments (sAB) using a novel phage display protocol. sAB C12 was generated against nanodiscs-incorporated CorA under free Mg2+ conditions. Interestingly, even in the presence of Mg2+ the stoichiometry of sAB C12 binding to CorA remains at 1:5 (Fab:CorA), consistent with the asymmetric nature of the open state. Further, the crystal structure of the soluble domain of CorA in complex with sAB C12 shows that the sAB binds to a region of CorA not accessible in the closed state of the channel. Based on these results, additional analysis of C12-CorA interaction using biochemical, CW-EPR, and oocyte TEVC experiments confirm that the channel is locked in the open, conductive state. It is expected that sAB C12 complex can be used to gain further insights into this unique asymmetric conformation and to elucidate the molecular basis of Mg2+ permeation and gating in CorA.
Ethnographic Erotics: Bolya and the Writing of the Other

As I noted in my Introduction, Michel de Certeau's “Ethno-Graphy” from The Writing of History shows how the West prepares its other for consumption. He maps the relationship between Europe and its other(s) as an epistemological construct sustained by metaphors (and the reality) of geographical distance and/as cultural difference. In particular, de Certeau emphasizes the West's insistence on a radical opposition between writing's historicity over and against the evanescence of a protean oral immediacy. Achille Ngoye's experimentations with the vernacular ultimately engaged with the second part of this equation, showing how orality as a distinct aesthetic-expressive medium conditions the literary, and how the binary opposition is also a constitutive convergence. Implicit in Ngoye's writing is the idea that this process of transcription and translation participates in the broader scientific project that gives value, place, and meaning to the other's otherwise naturalized un-self-conscious speech. Whereas Ngoye stressed the local processes of adaptation and transformation that produce a specific literary vernacular, the Congolese (Kinshasa) author Bolya (Bolya Baenga, 1957–2010) comments instead on the broader scientific processes that gather and order data—of which oral testimony is one important part. Significantly, Bolya's two crime novels, only the first of which I will examine at any length here, use the crime fiction of Chester Himes to establish an elaborate—and highly entertaining—critique of ethnography. Still, the American's precise influence is not immediately obvious.
Metal-Free and Noble Metal-Free Heteroatom-Doped Nanostructured Carbons as Prospective Sustainable Electrocatalysts.

ConspectusThe large-scale deployment of many types of fuel cells and electrolyzers is currently constrained by the lack of sustainable and efficient catalysts that can replace the less earth-abundant, noble metal-based catalysts, which are commonly used in these renewable energy systems. This burgeoning issue has led to explosive research efforts worldwide to find alternative, metal-free and noble metal-free catalysts that are composed of inexpensive and earth-abundant elements. Hence, the recent discoveries that doping carbon nanomaterials with heteroatoms (such as N, S, B, etc.) can give sustainable materials with good electrocatalytic activity for reactions carried out in fuel cells and electrolyzers have been not only quite exciting but also very promising to address these challenging issues. Interestingly, even though they contain no metals or involve only the inexpensive, more earth-abundant ones, the catalytic activity of some of these materials fares well with those of the commercially used noble ...
LIVING WITH THE LABELING DISEASE FOR 25 YEARS

In this article I trace my involvement with graph labeling for the past 25 years. I provide some statistical information about the growth in interest in graph labeling and some open problems that I believe are accessible. DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.22342/jims.0.0.18.45-58
Talking around the texts: Literacy in a multilingual Papua New Guinean community

This paper examines the role of literacy as it is practiced in a multilingual community on the Gazelle Peninsula in East New Britain Province, Papua New Guinea. 1 Ethnographic observational fieldwork and semi-structured interviews reveal how literacy plays out in six common domains of everyday life: public discourse, home, school, church, health care, and government. Following Street (1984 , 1995 ), an ideological framework is used to explore the unique cultural context of literacy in this community. It is found that: (a) the community venerates external standards of literacy, at the expense of local practices; nevertheless, (b) literacy practices reflect the multilingual skills of the general population; and (c) literacy events provide an opportunity for oral discourse and social bonding. It is also argued that the community would benefit if local literacy practices were recognised and validated on their own merit. 2
Revamping the Classroom

Teaching mobile device software development is challenging. Almost everything about it is different from teaching a traditional software development class in which the target computer (on which the software developed by the students is to run) is a laptop or desktop computer. In a mobile device software development course, the target computer is a device (smartphone or tablet) that has a large number of features (Internet access, camera, GPS, gyroscope, media display, etc.) accessible by software. The material that must be covered in such as course is so broad that new approaches to delivering course content must be used. This paper describes the overall method by which we teach such a course. We describe four challenges and explain how we address each. We describe the structure of the course in detail, explain how a class policy of open collaboration and a university program called Creative Inquiry complement the proposed approach. We conclude with student evaluations and examples of apps we have produced over the past several years.
A Fissure in the Striation of Institutionally Acceptable Textual Composition

This chapter addresses a series of concrete examples to suggest to readers how taken-for-granted the use of alphanumeric print-text is in academia. They critique the way this has become normalized, linking that normalization to industrialization, discourses of efficiency and objectivity, and standardization. They ask an important question that links directly to of their immediate concerns regarding teacher education for social justice, “How can we maximize the number of ways that people can be in the world while we simultaneously minimize the ways in which we are having that conversation?” They argue that the potential meanings derived from aesthetic works are emergent and contingent, and thus might not easily be framed within an epistemological framework that values efficiency and objectivity, but might be impactful given a more open ideation of knowledge. Their use of graphica is one example of the potential for creating beyond and outside the material-discursive world of standardization while also demonstrating possible implications for teacher education: concerted operation in light of a maybe world of becoming rather than one of efficiency, indoctrination, and repeated ways of being.
Elastomeric Polypeptide Biomaterials: Introduction of Hexapeptide Repeats (Hard Segments) in the Polypentapeptide

A repeating sequence of elastin, the hexapeptide (Val-Ala-Pro-Gly-Val-Gly), has been variously introduced into matrices of the polypentapeptide of elastin, (Val1-Pro2-Gly3-Val4-Gly5)n, to examine a possible structural role of interlocking of hexapeptide segments of one chain with hexapeptide segments of a second chain. The aggregational properties of oligohexapeptides with n = 1,2,3 and 4, of polyhexapeptides with n = 100, of polypentapeptide with n = 200, of 1:2 mixtures of polyhexapeptide with polypentapeptide, respectively, and of cosequential polyhexapentapeptide with a ratio of hexapeptide to pentapeptide of 1:2 were determined. Samples vith 60% water by weight were prepared and γ-irradiation crosslinked at 20 MRAD to obtain elastomeric bands. The introduction of hexapeptide, under conditions where hexapeptide-hexapeptide interactions occured, was shown to be able to increase elastic modulus by as much as an order of magnitude. This demonstrated structural role, of the hexapeptide, its previously demonstrated chemotactic role and the effect of introducing occasional lysine residues in place of Val4 in the polypentapeptide sequence were considered in a general way in discussing the potentials of elastomeric polypeptide biomaterials.
Improving collaborative filtering by selecting an effective user neighborhood for recommender systems

In the last two decades, the increase in the amount of information available online have resulted in an information overload problem making it very complex for users to get the useful information they require within time. A recommender system helps customer to make useful decisions about products they wants to purchase thus providing better customer satisfaction which is vital in online environments such as ecommerce systems. Collaborative Filtering (CF) is one of the most significantly used method for generating recommendations for users. Collaborative Filtering depends on selecting a subset of users called user neighborhood for filtering recommendations for current user. In this paper, we have presented an algorithm that uses collaborative filtering for providing recommendations to a user by selecting an optimal neighborhood. The experiments are conducted by selecting two different neighborhoods; k-nearest neighbors and threshold-based neighbors. Results are generated by selecting different number of neighbors and selecting different threshold values for neighbors and generating recommendations. The results are compared in order to get the neighborhood which give the least error and better recommendation quality than others. The experiments are carried out using MovieLens data set with 1M ratings.
SPIRALING UPWARD: Auditing Methods As Described By Montgomery And His Successors

Audit emphasis this century has swung away from chasing entries through the books to values being “fairly presented” and then back again. Now, however, what was “chasing entries through the books” has become “verifying internal controls.” This verification is primary evidence that statement values are fair, and comparison of values to “things themselves” is corroborative evidence. Thus, auditors have not gone around in a circle, but in a radically changing environment they have spiraled upward. These conclusions are drawn from a review of the nine editions of Montgomery's Auditing published through 1975 and from the two editions which Montgomery prepared of the Authorized American Edition of Dicksee's Auditing.
Dennett on Consciousness: Realism Without the Hysterics

Dennett’s theory of consciousness is often misread as broadly anti-realist. His aversion to ontology encourages readers to form their own interpretations, and the rhetoric he employs often seems to support the anti-realist reading. Dennett does offer defenses against the anti-realist charge, but these are piecemeal and diffuse. This paper examines Dennett’s most current expression (From Bacteria to Bach and Back: the Evolution of Minds, W.W. Norton & Company, New York, 2017), which proves insufficient on its own as a resolution to the ontological dispute. Drawing on related discussions in an attempt to find a resolution leads to a further challenge from Schwitzgebel. Crucial distinctions between inner and outer, cause and effect, and reporting and expressing, unite in a general characterization of how a realist explanation of consciousness should bottom out. Dennett’s form of realism depends upon distinguishing the explananda of consciousness from their doomed explanans; anti-realism about the latter makes room for genuine explanation of how things (really) seem to us.
Comparison of Long-Term Survival Benefits With Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy in Patients With Mild Heart Failure With Versus Without Diabetes Mellitus (from the Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial With Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy [MADIT-CRT]).

We have previously shown a reduction in HF events with cardiac resynchronization therapy with defibrillator (CRT-D) in patients with mild heart failure (HF) and diabetes mellitus (DM). It remains unknown whether HF remission in DM patients with CRT-D translates into reduced mortality. The effects of CRT-D versus an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) alone to reduce long-term mortality were assessed in patients with left bundle branch block with DM (n = 386) and without DM (n = 982), enrolled in the Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial With Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (MADIT-CRT). We further subdivided DM patients by insulin and noninsulin therapy. Kaplan-Meier survival analyses and multivariate cox proportional hazards regression models were utilized. At the 7-year follow-up, CRT-D was associated with a lower mortality in DM patients compared with ICD alone (21% vs 42%, p = 0.02), similar to non-DM patients (16 vs 24%, p = 0.014). CRT-D was associated with a 41% reduction in the risk of long-term all-cause mortality in DM patients (hazard ratio [HR] 0.59, 95% confidence interval 0.36 to 0.96, p = 0.033) and a similar reduction in non-DM patients (HR 0.69, 95% confidence interval 0.48 to 0.99, p = 0.045, treatment-diabetes interaction p = 0.611). Among DM patients, mortality benefit was evident in insulin-treated patients only (HR 0.40, p = 0.030). Reductions in HF events were present in all groups. In the MADIT-CRT, patients with mild HF with DM derive significant long-term survival benefit from CRT-D, similar to those without DM. The mortality benefit from CRT-D within the DM subgroup seems to be confined to patients with insulin treated diabetes.
Constant Light Alters Serum Hormone Levels Related to Thyroid Function in Male CD-1 Mice

Disruptions to the circadian rhythm can lead to altered metabolism. Modification of thyroid function may be a reason why circadian misalignment may contribute to future metabolic disorders. We inve...
DESIGN OF A SPATIAL INFORMATION SYSTEM

This paper defines a general spatial data structure for representing geographic entities and describes the use of the structure in an intelligent spatial information system. The major data structures and program control structure of the proposed system are discussed, and the operations required to answer queries are explored.
Forme et fonction de l'énoncé onirique dans le texte médiéval: L'exemple du décaméron

The purpose of this essay is twofold. Through the close examination of several stories of Boccaccio'sDecameron, I wish to demonstrate that literary dream sequences can be read asmises-en-abyme both on the diegetical and metatextual levels. I also wish to undo the claim according to which this particular ekphrastic device develops mainly in modern narratives. My intention is to show, on the contrary, howmises-en-abyme, and dream sequences too, belong to a long epic tradition and a large corpus of medieval texts in which notions such as the displacement of the subject and self-conscious narration, generally associated with modernity, are already being performed.
Experiments suggesting evolution to protein

Publisher Summary This chapter presents experiments that have been performed in the context of the origin of life or of the origin of protein. One purpose of this chapter is to suggest the relationship of the earliest protein to the protocell. Proteins and genes might have required the simultaneous evolution of the cell. Studies of the organismic evolution of proteins began with considerations of applying sequential and terminal residue methods to tracing evolution of primary structure of protein molecules. Some of the concepts that emerged from these studies were a Darwinian explanation of micro-heterogeneity of protein preparations, a demonstration that the evolution of protein has proceeded to yield a minute fraction of the theoretical possibilities, an explanation of the similarities between protein molecules as related to slow stepwise substitution of residues, the use of such techniques in chemical taxonomy, and analyses of genealogy of homologous and heterologous proteins.
Doping and Junction Formation

The spatial distribution of donors and acceptors determines the operational properties of most electronic devices.
Cancer overdiagnosis: a biological challenge and clinical dilemma

For cancer screening to be successful, it should primarily detect cancers with lethal potential or their precursors early, leading to therapy that reduces mortality and morbidity. Screening programmes have been successful for colon and cervical cancers, where subsequent surgical removal of precursor lesions has resulted in a reduction in cancer incidence and mortality. However, many types of cancer exhibit a range of heterogeneous behaviours and variable likelihoods of progression and death. Consequently, screening for some cancers may have minimal impact on mortality and may do more harm than good. Since the implementation of screening tests for certain cancers (for example, breast and prostate cancers), a spike in incidence of in situ and early-stage cancers has been observed, but a link to reduction in cancer-specific mortality has not been as clear. It is difficult to determine how many of these mortality reductions are due to screening and how many are due to improved treatments of tumours. In cancers with lower incidence but high mortality (for example, pancreatic cancer), screening has focused on high-risk populations, but challenges similar to those for general population screening remain, particularly with regard to finding lesions with difficult-to-characterize malignant potential (for example, intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms). More sensitive screening methods are detecting smaller and smaller lesions, but this has not been accompanied by a comparable reduction in the incidence of invasive cancers. In this Opinion article, we focus on the contribution of screening in general and high-risk populations to overdiagnosis, the effects of overdiagnosis on patients and emerging strategies to reduce overdiagnosis of indolent cancers through an understanding of tumour heterogeneity, the biology of how cancers evolve and progress, the molecular and cellular features of early neoplasia and the dynamics of the interactions of early lesions with their surrounding tissue microenvironment. The implementation of screening tests for certain cancers has led to the phenomenon of overdiagnosis, whereby a cancer is diagnosed that would otherwise not go on to cause symptoms or death. This Opinion article discusses the effects of overdiagnosis and emerging strategies to reduce overdiagnosis of indolent cancers through an understanding of tumour biology and the tumour microenvironment.
Implementing an EHR-based Screening and Referral System to Address Social Determinants of Health in Primary Care.

Background:Social determinants affect health, yet there are few systematic clinical strategies in primary care that leverage electronic health record (EHR) automation to facilitate screening for social needs and resource referrals. An EHR-based social determinants of health (SDOH) screening and refe
A simple and convenient two-step, one-pot synthesis of hetero-imidazoles from nitroaminoaryls catalyzed by Ytterbium triflate

Abstract A mild two-step one-pot procedure for the conversion of ortho-nitroamino aromatic heterocycles into corresponding benzo and heteroaromatic fused imidazoles is described. The procedure utilizes iron powder, acetic acid, triethylorthoformate, and a catalytic amount of Ytterbium triflate at 75 °C for the nitro group reduction and cyclization reaction. The optimum stoichiometry of each component is highlighted and the broad utility is demonstrated with high compatibility to numerous functional groups.
Impact of Gender Differences on Outcomes of Heart Failure with Stable Mid-Range Ejection Fraction

Background Heart failure with mid-range ejection fraction (HFmrEF) of 40-49% is an under-recognized class of CHF. The impact of gender differences on prognosis in patients with HFmrEF with stable ejection fraction (EF) over one year is unclear. Objectives We sought to determine if male and female patients with stable mid-range EF have different mortality and morbidity prognosis. Methods We screened 2593 baseline echo studies of our academic institution to identify 724 patients with an EF of 40-49%. Then, we selected patients with stable EF over 1 year. Student's t-test and chi-square test were used to assess baseline differences between males and females. Kaplan Meier survival analysis was conducted and Log-rank p values were calculated to assess the association of different genders with all-cause mortality, cardiac mortality, and heart failure (HF) hospitalizations. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was adjusted for age, race, HTN, DM, BMI, CAD, NYHA class, CKD and malignancy. Results A total of 132 patients were included in our study. Forty three patients (32.5%) were females. Table 1 summarizes characteristics of patients. Follow up period was 58.7 ± 29.1 months. Females had higher all-cause mortality rate than males (figure 1), p-value=0.006. In adjusted model, all-cause mortality rate remained significantly higher in females (HR = 1.995, 95% CI = 1.02-3.89, p-value = 0.04). No significant difference were observed in cardiac mortality or HF hospitalization between the two genders, p-value = 0.18 and p-value = 0.29 respectively. Conclusion We found that female patients with HFmrEF of 40-49% and stable EF of 1 year had higher all-cause mortality compared to male patients. Further studies are needed to validate our results and identify the responsible factors.
Exploring Multiple Forms of Intimate Partner Violence in a Gender and Racially/Ethnically Diverse Sample of Transgender Adults:

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is highly prevalent in transgender (trans) populations in the United States; however, details about its manifestations and correlates have not been well captured. Using data from the 2015 U.S. Transgender Survey, we analyzed weighted data from 23,999 adult transgender participants to estimate the prevalence and explore correlates of five IPV subtypes: psychological IPV, physical IPV, trans-related IPV, stalking, and forced sex committed by an intimate partner. Regression models examined race/ethnicity, gender identity, past-year incarceration, past-year sex work, and lifetime homelessness, and adjusted for annual household income, highest level of education, age, birthplace, Census region, and relationship status. The sample was racially/ethnically diverse (62.6% White, 0.7% Alaskan Native/American Indian, 4.7% Asian/Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, 12.7% Black/African American, 16.5% Latinx/Hispanic, 0.4% Middle Eastern/North African, 2.5% Multiracial/Not Listed), and comprised of 31.2% transgender men, 34.2% transgender women, 27.5% assigned-female-at-birth nonbinary participants, and 7.1% assigned-male-at-birth nonbinary participants. Rates of IPV were high, with variability by IPV subtype: 42.0% endorsed psychological IPV, 39.9% endorsed physical IPV, 30.4% endorsed trans-related IPV, 18.0% endorsed stalking, and 21.5% endorsed forced sex by an intimate partner. We observed disparities in IPV subtypes by race/ethnicity, gender identity, and experiences of social marginalization. Results highlight the need for targeted, trans-inclusive IPV screening practices and interventions. Future studies should examine the syndemic effects of IPV, social marginalization, and health outcomes related to HIV, substance use, and mental health in trans populations.
Sharing strategies: carsharing, shared micromobility (bikesharing and scooter sharing), transportation network companies, microtransit, and other innovative mobility modes

Abstract Shared mobility—the shared use of a vehicle, bicycle, or other mode—is an innovative transportation strategy that enables users to gain short-term access to transportation modes on an “as-needed” basis. It includes various forms of carsharing, bikesharing, scooter sharing, ridesharing (carpooling and vanpooling), transportation network companies (TNCs), and microtransit. Included in this ecosystem are smartphone “apps” that aggregate and optimize these mobility options, as well as “courier network services” that provide last mile package and food delivery. This chapter describes different models that have emerged in shared mobility and reviews research that has quantified the environmental, social, and transportation-related impacts of these services.
PROGRAM EVALUATION WITHOUT A CLIENT: THE CASE OF THE DISAPPEARING INTENDED USERS

Evaluators know they are supposed to identify and engage with stakeholders. What happens when the client has a very narrow concept of the meaning of evaluation? What happens when the primary stakeholders, including the client, disappear just as the evaluation gets started? First, it is important to acknowledge the challenge, then develop a strategy to negotiate the scope of the evaluation and to broaden the community of stakeholders. Divergent pathways are explored to facilitate use of the evalua- tion findings in such settings. Resume :� Les evaluateurs savent pertinemment qu'ils sont censes identi- fier puis s'engager aupres des parties prenantes. Que se passe-t- il lorsque le client a une conception tres limitee de la signification de l'evaluation? Qu'advient-il lorsque les principales parties pre- nantes, y compris le client, disparaissent au moment meme ou l'evaluation se met en marche? Il est d'abord important de faire face au defi, puis d'elaborer une strategie visant a negocier la portee de l'evaluation et a elargir la communaute de parties prenantes. Diverses avenues sont explorees afin de faciliter l'uti- lisation des resultats de l'evaluation dans de tels milieux. Evaluators have many sources for guidance in terms of the quality and integrity of their work. The American Evaluation Association (AEA) participated in the development of the Joint Com- mittee's Standards for Educational Evaluation (Yarbrough, Shula, Hopson, & Caruthers, 2011) and adopted the Guiding Principles for Evaluators (AEA, 2004). Likewise the Canadian Evaluation Soci- ety (CES) developed Competencies for Canadian Evaluation Prac- tice (2010). In all of these documents, the evaluator's relationship with stakeholders and the use of evaluations are important themes. Evaluators who attempt to shape their practice to align with these competencies, standards, and guidelines find many challenges along
Customer Incentives for Gaming Demand Response Baselines

We present a novel multi-stage stochastic dynamic programming model that optimizes customer actions under a baseline-based demand response program, in order to discover incentives for gaming behaviors. Customers can decide how much to increase or decrease electricity consumption at each time period in order to maximize expected rewards, with imperfect knowledge of when future demand response events will occur. Customers may decide to take action during events (desired behavior) and during corresponding hours of nonevent days in order to manipulate baselines (gaming behavior). Analytical results for special cases show fundamental drivers of gaming incentives. Simulation results reveal gaming incentives and impacts to program performance for a real-world baseline-based demand response program, and how incentives vary with changing program and customer parameters.
Gentrification central: A change-based typology of the American urban core, 2000–2015

Abstract Across a broad spectrum of U.S. cities, central urban neighborhoods have undergone significant demographic and socio-economic change over the last few decades, with many having experienced gentrification-induced displacement. Rather than aiming to identify and track neighborhood change across a diverse set of individual neighborhoods, this investigation focuses foremost on unpacking the concept of gentrification. Using a principal component analysis (PCA), I characterize neighborhood change between 2000 and 2015 (2013/17) along four independent dimensions, including a factor to represent the “core” attributes of gentrification and a set of frequently-associated “peripheral” factors that represent neighborhood growth, youthification, and professionalization. The analysis includes the 110 urban cores (UC) (an area defined as those U.S. Census tracts within 3 km of city hall) situated within U.S. metropolitan areas with a population of 500,000 or more as of 2018. Some UCs that experienced relatively high levels of gentrification over the study period also exhibited high levels of growth, youthification, and/or professionalization. Most, however, experienced substantial change along only one or two of the four dimensions. A Local Moran's I test of spatial autocorrelation was employed to evaluate potential regional variations in UC neighborhood change along each of the four dimensions. With the exception of professionalization, the dimensions of neighborhood change exhibited clear regional differentiation with relatively high levels of UC gentrification in the Southeast, and relatively low growth but high levels of youthification in the East.
"'More gay' fits in better": Intracommunity Power Dynamics and Harms in Online LGBTQ+ Spaces

Online spaces play crucial roles in the lives of most LGBTQ+ people, but can also replicate and exacerbate existing intracommunity tensions and power dynamics, potentially harming subgroups within this marginalized community. Using qualitative probes and interviews, we engaged a diverse group of 25 bi+ (attracted to more than one gender) people to explore these dynamics. We identify two types of intracommunity conflict that bi+ users face (validity and normative conflicts), and a resulting set of what we call latent harms, or coping strategies for dealing with conflict that have delayed negative psychological effects for bi+ users. Using intersectionality as a sensitizing concept to understand shifting power dynamics embedded in sociotechnical contexts, we discuss challenges for future design work including the need to account for intracommunity dynamics within marginalized groups and the utility of disentangling conflict from harm.
A survey of geomagnetic and plasma time lags in the solar-wind-driven magnetosphere of earth

Abstract Sixteen variables describing the state of the magnetosphere are examined in the years 1991–2007; the sixteen variables include nine geomagnetic indices plus seven measures of electron and ion precipitation into the atmosphere, the rate of substorm occurrence, the pressure and number density of the ion plasma sheet, the flux of substorm-injected electrons, and the radiation-belt electron flux. Eight other variables are used to represent the properties of the solar wind at Earth. To estimate the time lags between magnetospheric and solar-wind variables bivariate (two-variable) linear correlations, multivariate linear correlations, and vector-vector correlations are utilized. Using bivariate correlation the lag time of each magnetospheric variable with respect to each solar-wind variable is varied to obtain the maximum correlation coefficient. Using multivariate linear correlations, the time series of each magnetospheric variable is correlated with a linear combination of the eight time series of the eight solar-wind variables, with eight independent lead times on the eight solar-wind variables optimized to produce the largest multivariate correlation coefficient. The resulting time lag between each magnetospheric variable and each solar-wind variable is then catalogued. Additionally, the solar-wind variables that most-strongly affect each of the 16 magnetospheric variables are noted. A similar process of optimizing lag times on magnetospheric variables is performed during vector-vector correlations between a 9-dimensional magnetospheric state vector and an 8-dimensional solar-wind state vector.