cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Strontium isotopic study of fracture filling minerals in the Grande Ronde basalt, Washington

In the licensing process attention is given to many topics, including radionuclide migration and to hydrologic integrity of the repository rocks. The following conclusions were reached: (1) Strontium isotopic signatures of fracture-filling minerals are essentially identical to their host basalt, within analytical detection limits. The model for Sr mixing between reservoirs of different total and isotopic Sr is a powerful tool for investigating the origin of such fracture filling. (2) REE/CHON plots indicate that the rare earth elements (REE) in the fracture-filling minerals have been derived from their host basalts. (3) The INAA data for numerous trace elements indicate that the fracture-filling minerals have obtained their chemistry from a basalt source. (4) If water flowing vertically through the basalt had caused the precipitation of the secondary minerals noted, the chemistry of the minerals would reflect this water. This is not the case. (5) Studies of similar fracture-filling minerals from all proposed candidate repository horizons at the Hanford Site should be undertaken. 8 references, 3 figures, 4 tables.
Exact cochannel interference analysis for log-normal shadowed Rician fading channels

An exact analytical method is presented for evaluating the probability of cochannel interference for Rician/Rayleigh faded channels with log-normal shadowing. The method requires that at least one signal (desired or interfering) be Rayleigh faded and log-normal shadowed. The Rice factor of the desired signal is shown to have a large effect on the probability of cochannel interference, while the Rice factors of the interfering signals are shown to have little effect.
Subitaneous, diapause, and delayed-hatching eggs of planktonic copepods from the northern Gulf of Mexico: morphology and hatching success

Experiments were conducted to examine the morphology and hatching success of eggs, either spawned by freshly caught planktonic copepods or recovered from bottom sediments in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Collections were made between August 1992 and September 1995. Eggs of nine species were described and these differed in their diameter, color and surface attributes. Three types of eggs were distinguished: subitaneous, diapause, and delayed-hatching. Three species, Labidocera aestiva Wheeler, Acartia tonsa Dana, and Centropages velificatus (Oliveira) produced only subitaneous eggs. Hatching success varied greatly among these species. Two species, Labidocera mirabilis Fleminger and Centropages hamatus (Lilljeborg) produced diapause eggs and subitaneous eggs. The length of the refractory phase of the diapause eggs differed greatly both within and between these two species. A third type of dormant egg, delayed-hatching, was recognized in Labidocera scotti Giesbrecht and Pontella meadi Wheeler. The existence of delayed-hatching eggs may be an adaptive response of subtropical species to less seasonal fluctuation. Based upon morphological characteristics of the eggs and rearing of nauplii to an identifiable stage, benthic dormant eggs of eight species of calanoid copepods were also identified.
The effects of tree plantation rotation on earthworm abundance and biomass in Hawaii

Earthworms play a large part in soil functioning but the effects and implications of earthworm invasions are not well known in comparison with above-ground invasive species. Few studies have examined land-use change and tree plantation rotation effects on earthworm invasions. Using replicated reciprocal experimentation, this study examined the effects of tree plantation rotation on earthworm abundance, biomass, and community structure on the Island of Hawaii, in which ecosystems existed without earthworm fauna until human colonization. The first and the second tree plantation rotations began in 1982 and 2001 respectively. The four treatments included Eucalyptus saligna to E. saligna (ES → ES), Falcataria molluccana to F. molluccana (FM → FM), E. saligna to F. molluccana (ES → FM), and F. molluccana to E. saligna (FM → ES). We found that both anecic (Amynthas gracilis) and endogeic (Pontoscolex corethrurus) earthworms had greater (p < 0.05) densities and biomass in the treatment FM → FM than in the other treatments. The density and biomass of both A. gracilis and P. corethrurus species were positively correlated with soil N. Our results indicate that first-rotation tree species in particular can affect earthworm population development.
Screening for Major Deep Vein Thrombosis in Seriously Injured Patients: A Prospective Study

The purpose of the study is to determine the prevalence of acute deep venous thrombosis (DVT) in severely injured trauma patients, to investigate the cost effectiveness of a noninvasive surveillance program, and to assess the merit of current methods of prophylaxis against DVT. One hundred and forty-eight patients (295 limbs) with a mean age of 36.5 years, mean trauma score of 13.3, mean injury severity score of 22.4 with predominantly blunt injuries (88.5%), were part of the study. The mean length of stay was 17.6 days. Venous duplex scans (VDS) were performed on inpatients on days 2-5, day 11, and day 30 following admission. Sequential compression device and/or subcutaneous heparin was used in 99% of patients with compliance being monitored by trauma nurse clinicians. A total of 272 VDS were performed with total charges of $111,520. DVT was found by VDS or venography in eight limbs (2.7%) of six patients (4%), four of the limbs being symptomatic. Two additional patients had pulmonary embolism, both with normal VDS. Routine serial VDS in severely injured patients who undergo aggressive prophylaxis against DVT is not cost effective and therefore not justified. (Ann Vasc Surg 1997; 11:626-629.)
Estrogen-mediated impairment of macrophageal uptake of environmental TiO2 particles to explain inflammatory effect of TiO2 on airways during pregnancy

AbstractInnate defenses against environmental particulate exposures can become deficient when physiological background of the organism is unbalanced. Even those exposures considered innocuous may then become harmful. For example, one of the important inherent risks of pregnancy is increased inflammatory responsiveness in the airways, which extends to exposures considered otherwise innocuous: it has been observed that normally “inert” particulates become inflammatory in pregnancy. They lead to enhanced airway inflammation associated with increased asthma risk in the offspring in the BALB/c model. It was hypothesized that pregnancy hormones alter macrophageal uptake and clearance of particles. This study shows that the phagocytic activity of alveolar macrophages (AM) and RAW264.7 cells against titanium dioxide (TiO2) was inhibited in pregnancy by ∼10% and in vitro by estradiol by ∼20%; progesterone potentiated this effect. Hence, enhanced inflammation in pregnancy as an outcome of exposure to the “inert” Ti...
Of mice and men: algorithms for evolutionary distances between genomes with translocation

A new and largely unexplored area of computational biology is combinatorial algorithms for genome rearrangement. In the course of its evolution, the genome of an organism mutates by processes that can rearrange whole segments of a chromosome in a single event. These rearrangement mechanisms include inversion, transposition, duplication, and translocation, and a basic problem is to determine the minimum number of such events that transform one genome to another. This number is called the rearrangement distance between the two genomes, and gives a lower bound on the number of events that must have occurred since their divergence, assuming evolution proceeds according to the processes of the study. In this paper, we begin the algorithmic study of genome rearrangement by translocation. A translocation exchanges material at the end of two chrome somes within a genome. We model this as a process that exchanges prefixes and suffixes of strings, where each string represents a sequence of distinct markers along a chromosome in the genome. For the general problem of determining the translocation distance between two such sets of strings, we present a 2-approximation algorithm. For a theoretical model in which the exchanged sub&rings are of equal length, we derive an optimal algorithm for translocation distance. We also examine for the first time two types of rearrangements in concert. An inversion reverses the order of markers within a substring, and flips the ‘work carried out while the authors were at the Department of Computer Science of the University of California, Davis. iDepartment of Computer Science, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602. Electronic mail: kecoQcs.uga.sdu. This research was supported by a DOE Human Genome Distinguished Postdoctoral Fellowship. tDepartment of Computer Science, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544. Electronic mail: ravi@cs .prinoeton. l du. Research supported by DOE Grant DEFG03-90ER60999 and a DIMACS Postdoctoral Fellowship. orientation of the markers. For genomes that have evolved by translocation and inversion, we show there is a simple 2-approximation algorithm for data in which the orientation of markers is unknown, and a $approximation algorithm when orientation is known. These results take a step towards extending the area from the analysis of simple organisms, whose genomes consist of a single chromosome, and whose evolution has largely involved a single type of rearrangement event, to the analysis of organisms such as man and mouse, whose genomes contain many chromosomes, and whose history since divergence has largely consisted of inversion and translocation events.
On Combining Colour-Disks

THE paper of Lord Rayleigh in NATURE (vol. xxv. p. 64) describing experiments on colour, gives near the close a method of observing the image of colour-disks seen through an inverting prism in rapid rotation, while the disks were at rest. This recalls to mind a method somewhat similar that I have tried, that will sometimes be found convenient as well as simple: Here the image of the stationary disks is formed in a plane mirror slightly inclined to the axis around which it rotates; by properly proportioning the angle of inclination, the distances from the mirror to the eye and disks, and the sizes of the mirror and disk, it is obvious that a good combination of the colours may be effected, while the adjustment of colours is easily effected without stopping the rotation. If, as with my instrument, the clockwork is not heavy enough to give easily the desired speed when the disks are mounted on it, a much higher speed can be obtained with the light mirror: indeed, the mirror might be attached to the end of a wire resting on two supports, and rotated by unwinding a string, and thus colour combinations could be simply effected, and with cheap apparatus. Of course here, as with the inverting prism, the line of vision is inconveniently limited; but with both methods the uncertainty arising from unequal illumination of different parts of the disk may be detected by giving to the disk a slow rotation on its own plane.
The ironic effect of financial incentive on empathic accuracy

Abstract Two studies examined the effect of financial incentives on empathic accuracy and a possible underlying mechanism. In Study 1, participants either received a financial incentive based on performance on an empathic accuracy task (i.e., monetary reward for accurate inferences regarding the emotions experienced by videotaped targets) or not. Those in the incentive condition were less accurate than those not. Study 2 replicated this finding and tested a hypothesized mechanism—that money makes individuals view themselves in a less relational manner, thereby impairing empathy. Participants completed the Study 1 task in addition to the Twenty Statements Task (TST). “I am” responses on the TST were independently coded by two coders regarding the degree to which participants described themselves in a relational manner. Results indicated that relational self-construal mediated the link between money and decreased empathic accuracy.
Nonlinear oscillations and chaos in n-InSb

Abstract We present evidence for chaotic behavior in n-InSb. The Hall voltage exhibits a period-doubling route to chaos as the (non-ohmic) dc current is increased. The nonlinear oscillation and bifurcation processes are strongly influenced by irradiation with CO2 laser radiation.
Development of ethanol tolerance not altered by 6-OHDA lesions of dorsal bundle.

It has been demonstrated via intraventricular (IVT) 6-OHDA infusions that central nervous system norepinephrine is necessary for the development of tolerance to ethanol (ETOH) in the mouse. Because 6-OHDA IVT infusions are not specific, we tested the effects of destruction of a specific NE pathway on development of ETOH tolerance. Rats received 6-OHDA lesions of the dorsal noradrenergic bundle (DB) and the development of ethanol tolerance was measured using the sleeptime test. The time between loss and recovery of the righting reflex was determined after an acute challenge dose of ETOH. Rats were then placed on ETOH diet for 13 days followed by a repeat of the sleeptime test. Sham and 6-OHDA-DB-lesioned rats exhibited the same sleeptime prior to ETOH diet, over the course of 13 days, and exhibited similar significantly (p<0.0005) shorter sleeptimes after ETOH diet. Our data suggest that destruction of the DB does not alter development of ETOH tolerance as measured by the sleeptime test.
Consultation and Coaching to Increase the Uptake of Evidence-Based Practices: Introduction to the Special Issue

Traditional approaches to school consultation involve a voluntary, collaborative relationship between a consultant and teacher consultee to develop interventions for students with special needs, often over long periods, with ongoing problem solving and performance feedback. However, with the advent of multi-tiered systems of support, school consultation has evolved into a strategy to support the systemic adoption of evidence-based practices (EBPs). With this shift, consultants increasingly fulfill the role of coach, moving beyond traditional collaborative relationships to address the professional development needs of consultees. Consequently, researchers examining school consultation have moved beyond questions of feasibility and acceptability and have entered a new era of implementation science. This special issue of School Mental Health examines contemporary applications of school consultation and coaching in support of EBP implementation. The five original research articles in the special issue advance the literature in this developing field.
Virulence differences of Fusarium roseum isolates in red clover roots not explained by phytotoxins activity

The relationship of toxic fungal metabolites to the virulence of Fusarium roseum 'Acuminatum' and 'Avenaceum' isolates that cause root rot of red clover was investigated. The biological activity of...
Stenosis of the right pulmonary artery: a complication of acute dissecting aneurysm of the ascending aorta.

Abstract Attention is called to the occurrence of severe obstruction of the right main pulmonary artery as a consequence of acute dissection of the ascending aorta. The pulmonary arterial obstruction appears to have resulted from compression of this artery by an adventitial hematoma which extended from the ascending aorta after medial rupture of the aortic dissecting aneurysm. This complication of acute dissecting aortic aneurysm has not been described previously.
Lattice Vibrations and Interlayer Interactions in Crystalline As 2 S 3 and As 2 Se 3

Zone-center optical phonons in the layer crystals ${\mathrm{As}}_{2}$${\mathrm{S}}_{3}$ and ${\mathrm{As}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Se}}_{3}$ have been investigated in far-infrared reflectivity and transmission measurements (for both polarizations in the layer plane), and in Raman scattering. About a dozen infrared-active fundamentals were found for each crystal, along with a like number of Raman-active modes. Polariton dispersion curves, as well as dielectric dispersion properties and TO and LO frequencies, have been derived from oscillator analyses of the complex reststrahlen spectra. Grouptheoretical analysis of the diperiodic symmetry of the individual layer, as well as of the triperiodic symmetry of the crystal, reveals that the two symmetries predict experimentally distinguishable lattice optical properties. Our experiments demonstrate the dominance of the layer symmetry. By means of the combination of Raman and infrared results, we have been able to observe effects of the weak interlayer interactions; vibrational Davydov splittings have been resolved. A surprisingly simple scaling relation is found to connect the lattice spectra of the two crystals, and these spectra have also been compared to those of the amorphous forms.
New enumeration formulas for alternating sign matrices and square ice partition functions

Abstract The refined enumeration of alternating sign matrices (ASMs) of given order having prescribed behavior near one or more of their boundary edges has been the subject of extensive study, starting with the Refined Alternating Sign Matrix Conjecture of Mills–Robbins–Rumsey (1983) [25] , its proof by Zeilberger (1996) [31] , and more recent work on doubly-refined and triply-refined enumerations by several authors. In this paper we extend the previously known results on this problem by deriving explicit enumeration formulas for the “top–left–bottom” (triply-refined) and “top–left–bottom–right” (quadruply-refined) enumerations. The latter case solves the problem of computing the full boundary correlation function for ASMs. The enumeration formulas are proved by deriving new representations, which are of independent interest, for the partition function of the square ice model with domain wall boundary conditions at the “combinatorial point” η = 2 π / 3 .
Stability of WISC-IV Process Scores

Forty-three students were administered on two occasions approximately 11 months apart the complete Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Fourth Edition, including the seven process components of Block Design No Time Bonus, Digit Span Forward (DSF), Digit Span Backward (DSB), Cancellation Random (CAR), Cancellation Structured (CAS), Longest Digit Span Forward (LDSF), and Longest Digit Span Backward (LDSB). Mean ages at first and second testing were 7.77 years (SD = 1.91) and 8.74 years (SD = 1.93), respectively. Mean Full-Scale IQ at initial testing was 111.63 (SD = 10.71). Process score stability coefficients ranged from .75 on DSF to .32 on CAS. Discrepancy score stabilities ranged from .45 on DSF minus DSB to .05 on CAS minus CAR. Approximately 21% of participants increased their LDSF on retest, and 16.3% showed a gain on LDSB. Caution must be exercised when interpreting process scores, and interpretation of discrepancy scores should probably be avoided.
The association between insulin resistance and cytokines in adolescents: the role of weight status and exercise

Increased adiposity is associated with insulin resistance (IR) and an inflammatory response in adults. We tested the hypotheses that cytokines associated with adiposity are also correlated with IR in early adolescents and that these relationships are moderated by weight status, levels of vigorous physical activity (VPA), or maximal aerobic power (pVO2max). Body mass, stature, and a fasting blood sample were obtained from 120 midpubertal adolescents (60 girls and 60 boys). Habitual VPA was obtained by a survey. Predicted VO2max was determined using a cycle ergometer test. Weight status was based on body mass index (BMI) percentiles (normal weight=BMI 95th percentile). Glucose, insulin, adiponectin, resistin, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and interleukin-6 were measured; and IR index was based on the Homeostatic Model Assessment. Adiponectin, resistin, and TNF-alpha were associated with IR in all adolescents (R2=0.329, P .050). Exercise did not moderate the association between these cytokines and IR. However, higher levels of VPA and/or pVO2max were associated with higher adiponectin, lower resistin, and lower TNF-alpha in at least one of the sexes. Our results indicate that the pathophysiology of obesity is already established in early adolescents. Increased adiposity, resulting in reduced adiponectin and increased resistin and TNF-alpha, may link these cytokines with IR in adolescents.
Abatacept and serious respiratory infections in patients with previous lung disease

Abatacept is a biologic agent used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, for which underlying chronic obstructive lung disease is listed as a precaution to its use due to concern for increased risk of respiratory adverse events. We describe two cases of severe respiratory complications affecting rheumatoid arthritis patients undergoing treatment with abatacept who had been previously diagnosed with underlying lung disease.
Actuator design and experimental validation for active gearbox vibration control

A straightforward approach that combines a linear piezoelectric stack actuator model and the dynamics of the host system is proposed for predicting the required control voltage and power levels of an actuator targeted for active gearbox vibration control applications. Even though piezoelectric actuators are widely applied, their electrical requirements for particular active control systems are seldom addressed directly. The proposed theory is validated by applying the experimental results obtained from a closed-loop, power recirculating gearbox set-up equipped with an active shaft transverse vibration control system. The proposed methodology provides a formal framework for designing actuators and amplifiers without the usual costly trial and error process.
Wisdom and psychotherapy: Studying expert therapists' clinical wisdom to explicate common processes

AbstractObjective: This research study explores the concept of clinical wisdom. Method: Seventeen psychologists who were nominated multiple times by their peers as wise clinicians participated in an interview on clinical wisdom, analyzed using grounded-theory methods. Results: Participants described clinical wisdom as accepting that the best answers to clients' problems often were not immediately accessible and instead using their sense of their clients, their theory of psychotherapy, and their own experiences of adversity, diversity, and intimate relationships to help clients explore the ambiguities and vulnerabilities they experienced to craft idiosyncratic answers. Conclusions: An understanding of clinical wisdom is put forward, characterized by markers and principles for practice, to guide therapy processes within therapists' intentionality and direct research on common factors.
Symmetric solutions of a multi-point boundary value problem

Abstract We apply the fixed point theorem of Avery and Peterson to the nonlinear second-order multi-point boundary value problem − u ″ ( t ) = a ( t ) f ( t , u ( t ) , | u ′ ( t ) | ) , t ∈ ( 0 , 1 ) , u ( 0 ) = ∑ i = 1 n μ i u ( ξ i ) , u ( 1 − t ) = u ( t ) , t ∈ [ 0 , 1 ] , where 0 ξ 1 ξ 2 ⋯ ξ n ⩽ 1 2 , μ i > 0 for i = 1 , … , n with ∑ i = 1 n μ i 1 , n ⩾ 2 . We show that under the appropriate growth conditions on the inhomogeneous term symmetric about t = 1 2 the problem has triple symmetric solutions.
Power management system for a 2.5 W remote sensor powered by a sediment microbial fuel cell

One of the challenges in using wireless sensors that require high power to monitor the environment is finding a renewable power source that can produce enough power. Sediment microbial fuel cells (SMFCs) are considered an alternative renewable power source for remote monitoring, but current research on SMFCs has demonstrated that they can only produce several to tens of mW of continuous power. This limits the use of SMFCs as an alternative renewable remote power source to mW-level power. Such low power is only enough to operate a low-power sensors. However, there are many remote sensors that require higher power, on the order of watts. Current technology using a SMFC to power a remote sensor requiring watts-level intermittent power is limited because of limitations of power management technology. Our goal was to develop a power management system (PMS) that enables a SMFC to operate a remote sensor consuming 2.5 W of power. We designed a custom PMS to store microbial energy in capacitors and use the stored energy in short bursts. Our results demonstrate that SMFCs can be a viable alternative renewable power source for remote sensors requiring high power.
Endothelial cell conditioned media mediated regulation of glutamine synthetase activity in glial cells.

Abstract The responsiveness of late passage C-6 glial cells to human retinal endothelial cell-conditioned medium (HREC-CM) was examined using glutamine synthetase (GS) activity as test parameter. Treatment with 50% or 100% HREC-CM for 4–5 days slightly affected the morphology but significantly increased GS activity. Increased glial GS activity induced by vascular endothelial cells is of relevance in preventing extracellular glutamate toxicity and regulating the brain/retinal blood barrier.
Road Effects on Food Availability and Energetic Intake in Florida Scrub-Jays (Aphelocoma coerulescens)

ABSTRACT. Roads may have detrimental effects on many bird species, but areas adjacent to roads also provide habitat and food for some species. To address the influence of roadside habitat on the federally threatened Florida Scrub-Jay (Aphelocoma coerulescens), we compared foraging effort, the amount of food collected, and estimated energy intake in three habitat types: (1) edges along a paved road (roadside), (2) edges created by human-maintained habitat without a road (pasture), and (3) natural scrub-dominated areas with minimal human-maintained edges (interior). We used focal watches of male breeders during three stages of the breeding season (incubation, nestling, and fledged young) in two consecutive years to assess variation in food availability and energetic intake among the three habitat types. Florida Scrub-Jays in roadside habitats handled (consumed, cached, or fed to their mate or offspring) significantly more food items and spent less time foraging during the nestling stage than interior and pa...
Synthesis and Structure-Activity Relationships of Linear and Conformationally Constrained Peptide Analogues of CIYKYY as Src Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors

A series of peptide analogues of Ac-CIYKYY (1) were synthesized by functional group modifications in peptide side chains or by introducing conformational constraints, to improve the inhibitory potency against active Src kinase. Ac-CIYKF(4-NO2)Y (2, IC50 = 0.53 μM) and conformationally constrained peptide 31 (IC50 = 0.28 μM) exhibited 750- and 1400-fold higher inhibitory activities, respectively, versus that of 1 (IC50 = 400 μM). Compound 2 exhibited a partial competitive inhibition pattern against ATP.
Inter Azimuth Coherence Attribute For Fracture Detection

Fractures occur on many scales in the earth. Fractures on a sub-seismic scale of less than tens of meters are of great interest in a reservoir context. Locating areas of greatest fracture density and determining the orientation of these fractures within a reservoir represents a significant technical challenge for geophysicists. 3-D surface seismic data can image fractures and faults more effectively if they are sorted into common azimuth bins and analyzed separately for each azimuth bin. Based on this fact, we have developed a new algorithm to detect sub-seismic faults and fractures by calculating coherence cubes between prestack limited azimuth seismic data. The new algorithm will calculate coherence in prestack azimuth-sorted space, rather than poststack full azimuth space. We have applied our algorithm to a survey over a fractured reservoir in Texas, with interesting results.
Raman spectroscopy and band structure of Pd-hybridized multilayer graphene

Abstract Graphene sheets prepared through liquid exfoliation of expanded graphite were hybridized with Pd nanoparticles. The impact of these particles on the electronic and physical structure of the graphene is determined through transmission electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy using 532 and 325 nm excitation wavelengths. Based on the changes to the Raman D and G peaks, insights are provided concerning the deposition mechanism at pristine and defective lattice sites, as well as electronic scattering. These data are compared to ab initio band structure computations. For purposes of the model, the graphene/Pd hybrid was approximated by a charged graphene sheet. The resulting structure exhibited π–π∗ expansion approaching the Γ point of the Brillouin zone which was validated by tracking the Raman D band dispersion.
Why so Little Interest in Whether or Not Old People Talk: A Review of Recent Research on Verbal Communication among the Elderly:

This paper is concerned with the spoken communication of chronically ill and aging residents of long term care institutions. Social gerontologists and speech pathologists have investigated areas related to spoken communication, however, there has been almost no investigation of communication from the patients' and staff perspective. Spoken communication is a vital component of social interaction and psychological well being and underlies such concepts as isolation, integration, and adjustment, and is a fertile area for investigation and analysis.
One- and two-dimensional 31P spin-echo studies of myocardial ATP and phosphocreatine☆

Abstract 31 P spin-spin coupling constants and natural linewidths were studied in isolated perfused rat hearts. The values of the coupling constants are equal to those of Mg 2+ -ATP in solution. The linewidth measurements suggest that the myocardial ATP is exchanging between a free and a bound site in the cytosol.
Mouse models as tools for dissecting disorders of lipoprotein metabolism

The overexpression of proteins as transgenes or by adenovirus-mediated gene transfer as well as the disruption of genes by homologous DNA recombination in the mouse provide powerful tools to dissect the role of individual proteins in complex biological pathways. These and similar techniques have been widely used to characterize the function of most of the players involved in lipoprotein metabolism. These models are expected to greatly advance the finding of new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of disorders of lipoprotein metabolism.
Issues in diagnosing anxiety disorders

Research progress in the anxiety disorders is predicated on a useful classification system. In this paper, we review the reliability and validity data for theDiagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 3rd ed. (DSM-III) anxiety disorders and discuss the salient issues associated with both the conceptualization of anxiety disorders and the diagnostic criteria offered in the DSM-III. It is concluded that the diagnostic reliability for these disorders is, overall, satisfactory. A dearth of validity data, however, hinders progress in both the diagnosis and the treatment of the anxiety disorders. Nevertheless, the DSM-III work group has proposed several changes in the diagnostic criteria for the anxiety disorders. We find some of these proposed changes helpful in that they clarify current diagnostic criteria; changes in diagnostic criteria that alter the basic classification schema, however, seem to be premature.
Characterizing distributions of discrete bivariate random variables for simulation and evaluation of solution methods

Results are presented from empirical evaluations of the performance of solution procedures on random binary knapsack and weighted set covering problems in which correlation is induced between the objective function and constraint coefficients. The performance of the solution procedures degrades as the correlation induced among the test problem parameters is increased, and test problems with structured dependence should be used for many empirical evaluations of solution methods. Since structured dependence in discrete optimization test problems is desirable, ways to characterize the joint distribution of a discrete bivariate random variable for any feasible correlation are needed. The problem of finding a characterization with the maximum value of the smallest probability for any possible point is formulated as a linear program. An efficient algorithm based on the northwest corner rule and a simple probability reallocation scheme are presented. >
MOSAIC V-a very high performance bipolar technology

The authors describe the initial implementation of MOSAIC V (Motorola oxide isolated self-aligned implanted circuits, fifth generation), a novel silicon process technology. A number of innovative process approaches and novel methods of aggressive device scaling result in deep submicron device structures in the range of 0.1-0.4 mu m. A very low speed-power product of 92 fJ at 3.3-V supply voltage for ECL (emitter coupled logic) gates is obtained in the lower range of operating currents, with typical gate delays of 73 ps at 100 mu A and 35 ps at 800 mu A switch currents. Using a selectively implanted collector, a minimum ECL gate delay of 29 ps at 800 mu A switch current is achievable. >
Domain-driven software development - a world of transformations

Software development teams are faced with bridging the gap between the problem, as envisaged by the stakeholders and constrained by the environment, and a software solution, which is built upon the abstractions offered by current software technologies. Unfortunately, too often the abstractions offered are limited and disparate with respect to the problem space. Reducing this gap would facilitate more sophisticated problems to be tackled in software development projects, and it would comparatively reduce development costs and time-to-market, and remove errors caused by the disparity. In this talk, I will explore a number of techniques for improving current software development practice, which relate to the theme of domain-driven software development. Domain-driven software development is concerned with making use of languages that better capture the problem by using abstractions that are more familiar to experts in the domain. These domain-specific languages are made executable either directly (compilation or interpretation) or through tool-supported refinement/elaboration to computational models that can be executed, e.g., to a mainstream programming language where one can make use of existing frameworks, components, services, etc. In the later case, real value is added to software development only if we can automate as much as possible the transformation step(s). Automating these steps requires languages that can express such transformations in a concise and maintainable manner. The principles of abstraction, separation of concerns, and problem decomposition are essential in providing intuitive and manageable domain-specific languages. The practice of software modeling has become a significant way of applying these principles to software development. Over the last few years, the software development industry has gone through the process of standardizing visual modeling notations. The Unified Modeling Language (UML) is the product of this effort, and it unifies scores of notations that were proposed in the '80s and '90s. The language has gained significant industry support and became an object management group (OMG) standard in 1997. Nowadays, the majority of software modeling techniques and approaches use UML.
Molecular characterization of numr-1 and numr-2: genes that increase both resistance to metal-induced stress and lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans

To define the mechanisms involved in the molecular response to the carcinogenic metal cadmium, two novel metal-inducible genes from C. elegans were characterized: numr-1 and numr-2 (nuclear localized metal responsive). numr-1 and numr-2 sequences and cellular patterns of expression are identical, indicating that these are functionally equivalent genes. Constitutive transcription of numr-1 and numr-2 is developmentally regulated and occurs in the intestine, in head and tail neurons, and vulva muscles. Exposure to metals induces numr-1 and numr-2 transcription in pharyngeal and intestinal cells. Other environmental stressors do not affect transcription, indicating that these are metal-specific, stress-responsive genes. NUMR-1 and NUMR-2 target to nuclei and colocalize with HSF-1, suggesting that they may be components of nuclear stress granules. Nematodes overexpressing NUMR-1 and NUMR-2 are resistant to stress and live longer than control animals; likewise reducing expression increases sensitivity to metals and decreases neuromuscular functions. Upstream regulatory regions of both genes contain potential binding sites for DAF-16 and SKN-1, which are components of the insulin-IGF-like signaling pathway. This pathway regulates longevity and stress responses in C. elegans. NUMR-1 and NUMR-2 may function to promote resistance to environmental stressors and longevity, which is mediated by the insulin-IGF-like signaling pathway.
Insertional Mutagenesis Using Tnt1 Retrotransposon in Potato

Insertional mutagenesis using transfer DNA or transposable elements, which is an important tool in functional genomics and is well established in several crops, has not been developed in potato (Solanum tuberosum). Here, we report the application of the tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) Tnt1 retrotransposon as an insertional mutagen in potato. The Tnt1 retrotransposon was introduced into a highly homozygous and self-compatible clone, 523-3, of the diploid wild potato species Solanum chacoense. Transposition of the Tnt1 elements introduced into 523-3 can be efficiently induced by tissue culture. Tnt1 preferentially inserted into genic regions in the potato genome and the insertions were stable during sexual reproduction, making Tnt1 an ideal mutagen in potato. Several distinct phenotypes associated with plant stature and leaf morphology were discovered in mutation screening from a total of 38 families derived from Tnt1-containing lines. We demonstrate that the insertional mutagenesis system based on Tnt1 and the 523-3 clone can be expanded to the genome-wide level to potentially tag every gene in the potato genome.
Action Theory and Literary Interpretation

This article relates the logic of literary interpretation to the logic of administrative action theory. It offers criteria for validating interpretations of administrative action. It shows how action theory can be rescued from misplaced claims of subjectivism by locating the meaning of an act with the intention of the actor. It also points out that both the meaning and the significance of an administrative action are related to interpretations and critiques of social situations. Interpretation and critique are then seen as prerequisites for planned social change.
LOPE'S NEOPLATONISM: LA DAMA BOBA

Ramon Menendez Pidal signals in Lope de Vega's early art a vague Neoplatonic orientation which is to develop into the more concrete Neo-platonic view of the world evident in his later work. Lope's early plays are ‘natural’, imitating nature and life rather than following classical precepts, because he considers nature the perfection, his perception of it an adulteration of that perfection, and classical precepts which destroy verisimilitude an even greater aberration. Lope's general Neoplatonic attitude appears to coalesce as he ages, becoming clearly defined after fifty, as his dramatic production evidences a new maturity, erudition, stylistic refinement and didacticism. He begins to guide his audiences to an appreciation of his art rather than condescending to the vulgo (107). It is during this time that he embraces the priesthood, correspondingly becoming interested in love of a more Platonic sort than was his wont (95), and it is also the time of composition of his comedy, La dama boba (1613).
An in vitro study of hydraulic stiffening in cancellous bone

It was hypothesized that cancellous bone is a poroelastic material, and appropriate property data were obtained from the literature to formulate a three-dimensional poroelastic finite element model. Thirty-three cylindrical cancellous bone samples (bovine) were subjected to compressive cyclic strain excitation (triangle wave) with a maximum of 2000 /spl mu//spl epsi/. All specimens showed clear signs of time dependent material behavior: the force response lagged the displacement input in phase (/spl phi/=4.4/spl deg/-15.8/spl deg/), and contained a decaying transient term. The finite element model underestimated the transient behavior (/spl phi/=1.3/spl deg/-3.8/spl deg/) and predicted that less than 10% of bulk tissue stress was borne by the fluid. Decreasing the permeability value of the cancellous tissue was found to bring the model predictions into closer qualitative agreement with the experimental results, indicating the need for further study of this important parameter.
Low Temperature Sample Cell for a Laser Excited Raman Spectrophotometer

A cryostat for obtaining the Raman spectra of liquid and solid organic compounds was designed for use on a Perkin—Elmer model LE-1 spectropho-tometer using a helium-neon laser as the exciting source.1 The sample cell for the cryostat was designed to minimize the amount of sample required for obtaining good spectra. By focusing the laser beam, it was possible to reduce the beam to a size allowing samples as small as 0.15 ml of liquid to be used. Since such a small sample acted as a point source for the forward scattered light, it was necessary to construct a Pyrex sample cell which would act as a lens to focus the divergent light rays onto the instrument slits.
Laser Chemical Vapor Deposition Using Continuous Wave And Pulsed Lasers

The deposition rate in laser chemical vapor deposition (LCVD) is a function of the surface temperature and therefore also a function of the chang-ing reflectivity of the surface during deposition. The influence of these parame-ters on the LCVD rate of metallic and insulating thin films was investigated using both pulsed and cw laser sources and optical monitoring of the depositing film thickness. Physical properties of the LCVD films are reported.
Beliefs and behaviours of kindergarten teachers

Summary This study examines relationships between the cognitive styles of kindergarten teachers and their tendency to endorse or manifest a child‐centred vs a teacher‐structured approach to kindergarten. Subjects were 51 kindergarten teachers who completed self‐report instruments assessing cognitive style, teaching ideology, classroom behaviour, and occupational stress. An outside rater observed each classroom for two hours, recording the frequencies of two kinds of teacher behaviour: verbal interactions, and ‘mapping’ data indicating the positions of teacher and students within the classroom. Teachers’ self‐reported beliefs and behaviours were strongly consistent with outside raters’ observations. In addition, a cluster of observed classroom behaviours was associated with a child: centred ideology: working and communicating with individuals or with small groups of children rather than with large groups; and using few negative comments. Teachers who endorsed and exhibited these child‐centred behaviours te...
Developmental Relationships between Field Independence and Fixity-Mobility

The level of field independence (measured by the Embedded-figures Test) was intercorrelated for 20 males with the level of fixity-mobility (measured by the Stroop Color-Word Test) at five different...
A branch-and-price approach for the maximum weight independent set problem

The maximum weight-independent set problem (MWISP) is one of the most well-known and well-studied problems in combinatorial optimization. This article presents a novel approach to solve MWISP exactly by decomposing the original graph into vertex-induced subgraphs. The approach solves MWISP for the original graph by solving MWISP on the subgraphs to generate columns for a branch-and-price framework. The authors investigate different implementation techniques that can be associated with the approach, and offer computational results to identify the strengths and weaknesses of each implementation technique. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, Vol. 46(4), 198–209 2005
Deals Versus Rules: Policy Implementation Uncertainty and Why Firms Hate it

Firms in Africa report "regulatory and economic policy uncertainty" as a top constraint to their growth. We argue that often firms in Africa do not cope with policy rules, rather they face deals; firm-specific policy actions that can be influenced by firm actions (e.g. bribes) and characteristics (e.g. political connections). Using Enterprise Survey data we demonstrate huge variability in reported policy actions across firms notionally facing the same policy. The within-country dispersion in firm-specific policy actions is larger than the cross-national differences in average policy. We show that variability in this policy implementation uncertainty within location-sector-size cells is correlated with firm growth rates. These measures of implementation variability are more strongly related to lower firm employment growth than are measures of "average" policy action. Finally, we show that the de jure measures such as Doing Business indicators are virtually uncorrelated with ex-post firm-level responses, further evidence that deals rather than rules prevail in Africa. Strikingly, the gap between de jure and de facto conditions grows with the formal regulatory burden. The evidence also shows more burdensome processes open up more space for making deals; firms may not incur the official costs of compliance, but they still pay to avoid them. Finally, measures of institutional capacity and better governance are closely associated with perceived consistency in implementation.
Interactions of CH4 and Co in the Earth's Atmosphere

Global distributions, sources, and sinks of methane and carbon monoxide in upper and lower levels of the earth's atmosphere, and the global budgets of methane and carbon monoxide, are studied, with emphasis on cumulative pollution. Stratospheric contents, vertical profiles of concentrations, simulation of vertical transport through the atmosphere, and latitudinal distributions are examined. Diffuse and localized (urban) concentrations of CO as pollutant are studied, and anthropogenic sources and sinks for CH4 and CO are considered. Perturbation of the CH4-CO-CO2 cycle, crucial to self-cleansing mechanisms of the troposphere, by anthropogenic CO emissions, and the effect of CO long life as global pollutant, are investigated.
A New Genus and Species of Lachnophorini and Two New Species of Lebiini from Costa Rica (Coleoptera: Carabidae)

Abstract A new genus and new species of Lachnophorini and 2 new species of Lebiini from Costa Rican are described (type localities in parentheses): Quammenis spectabilis, n. gen., n. sp. (type locality: COSTA RICA: Heredia Province, Estacion Magsasay, Parque Nacional Braulio Carrillo, 200m, LN264600,531100); Lebia (Chelonodema) inbio, n. sp. (type locality: Guanacaste Province, Estacion Pitilla, 9 km S Santa Cecilia, 700 m, LN329950,380450 #4355); Agra yola, n. sp. (type locality: Guanacaste Province, Estacion Pitilla, 9 km S Santa Cecilia, 700 m, LN329650,378600 #4600). publication supported by Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad.