cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Safety and Efficacy of Combined Yttrium 90 Resin Radioembolization with Aflibercept and FOLFIRI in a Patient with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer

Background. When associated with isolated four or fewer liver foci, metastatic colorectal cancer is amenable to surgical resection. Alternative therapeutic methods for isolated liver metastases include radioembolization with yttrium 90 (Y90) and transarterial chemoembolization (TACE). We present here a case of a patient with two sites of liver metastatic disease from colorectal cancer who underwent Y90 radioembolization combined with aflibercept and FOLFIRI. Case Report. A 56-year-old female with history of bilateral breast cancer and metastatic colon cancer with prior hemicolectomy and 4 previous chemotherapy regimens developed liver metastasis. She was started on aflibercept and FOLFIRI and concurrently underwent two treatments of radioembolization with Y90, initially targeting the largest right lobe tumor, and then a subsequent treatment targeting the smaller left lobe tumor with retreatment of the right lobe tumor. Her liver metastases exhibited partial response on imaging utilizing the modified RECIST criteria. Interestingly, the patient CEA levels decreased after the procedure. Discussion. This is the first reported case of a patient managed with radioembolization with Y90 combined with aflibercept, an anti-VEGF treatment, and FOLFIRI. An ongoing randomized clinical trial aims to define the role of combined targeted therapy and chemotherapy with radioembolization with Y90.
Bedside ultrasound performed by novices for the detection of abscess in ED patients with soft tissue infections.

Abstract Objective The objective was to compare bedside ultrasound (US) to clinical examination for the detection of abscess. Methods This is a 24-month prospective, observational emergency department (ED) study. Adults with suspected nondraining abscess with planned incision and drainage (I&D) are included in the study. Exclusion criteria are spontaneous drainage and perineal, perirectal, or intraoral location. Before I&D, a second ED physician conducts an US and records the presence or absence of findings suggestive of abscess. A positive I&D of the suspected abscess is the criterion standard. The treating practitioner is blinded to the US results. Ultrasound is performed by novice ED physicians. The findings of the US, the prediction of pus from the clinician and the ultrasonographer in 3 strata (low, indeterminate, definite), and the results of the I&D (pus/no pus) are recorded onto data sheets. Measures of association are reported and Fisher's Exact test is used. Results Forty patients were enrolled. The sensitivity of novice sonographers to predict a positive I&D with US was 0.97 (0.83-1.00), the specificity was 0.67 (0.24-0.94), the positive likelihood ratio was 2.90, the negative likelihood ratio was 0.04, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.85 (0.66-1.00). Clinical examination yielded a sensitivity of 0.76 (0.58-0.89), specificity of 0.83 (0.36-0.99), positive likelihood ratio of 4.50, negative likelihood ratio of 0.29, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.75 (0.50-1.00). Conclusion Novice ED sonographers can identify abscesses with only minimal US training. Identification of abscess on US may change management of cutaneous abscesses.
Structure-function relationships in high-density octadecylsilane stationary phases by Raman spectroscopy. 2. Effect of common mobile-phase solvents.

Raman spectroscopy is used to examine the effects of solvent, temperature, and surface grafting method (surface or solution polymerized) on alkyl chain rotational and conformational order in a series of high-density octadecylsilane stationary phases ranging in surface coverage from 3.09 to 6.45 μmol/m2. Rotational and conformational order is assessed using the intensity ratio of the antisymmetric to symmetric ν(CH2) modes as well as the frequency at which these Raman bands are observed. Solvents studied include perdeuterated hexane, toluene, chloroform, tetrahydrofuran, benzene, methanol, acetone, acetonitrile, and water. Stationary-phase order was investigated at temperatures between 258 and 323 K. Alkyl chain rotational and conformational order, and hence, solvation of the stationary phase, is dependent on solvent parameters (polarity, size, etc.), temperature, and stationary-phase properties (polymerization method and surface coverage). Information on stationary-phase conformational order allows solven...
Evidence for Logarithmic Singularities in the Specific Heats of the Ferroelectric Crystals K H 2 P O 4 and K H 2 As O 4

By drawing interpolation curves between the high- and low-temperature branches of the specific heats of K${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$P${\mathrm{O}}_{4}$ and K${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$As${\mathrm{O}}_{4}$ (measured by Stephenson and co-workers) we have decomposed each specific-heat function into the sum of a monotonic term plus an anomolous term, peaked about the transition temperature. In the region of the transition temperature ${\ensuremath{\theta}}_{c}$ we find that the paraelectric and ferroelectric branches of the anomalous specific heat of each crystal have the limiting behavior ${C}^{a}=\ensuremath{-}A\mathrm{ln}|\ensuremath{\theta}\ensuremath{-}{\ensuremath{\theta}}_{c}|+B,$ where $A=1.2\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.3$ cal/mole deg, $B=0.95\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.07$ cal/mole deg for $\ensuremath{\theta}g{\ensuremath{\theta}}_{c}$, and $A=14.2\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.4$ cal/mole deg, $B=14.4\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.3$ cal/mole deg for $\ensuremath{\theta}l{\ensuremath{\theta}}_{c}$. These constants have the same values for both crystals.
Verb Agreement and Disagreement A Corpus Investigation of Concord Variation in Existential There + Be Constructions

This multiregister corpus study investigates the social factors affecting concord variation found in existential there + be (ETB) constructions in present-day American English. The study questions ...
Beta-endorphin, cortisol and postoperative delirium: a preliminary report

A transient delirium, including hallucinations and disorientation, occurred at some time during a 48 to 72 hr postoperative period in patients recovering from elective surgery in an intensive care unit. The occurrence of delirium in these patients was associated with a significant and unusually prolonged postoperative increase in circulating levels of beta-endorphin (B-endorphin) and cortisol, and a total disruption of normal plasma circadian rhythms of B-endorphin and cortisol. Postoperative mean 24-hr plasma levels of B-endorphin and cortisol were not significantly different from preoperative baseline levels in those patients who did not exhibit post-surgical delirium. Circadian rhythms of B-endorphin and cortisol in the non-delirious patients also remained normal following surgery, although peak plasma concentrations were significantly phase-shifted to later in the day. A disruption in circadian rhythms of the endogenous opiate/hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis may represent an important component of post-operative psychological changes that are frequently observed in the intensive care unit setting.
Absolute Properties of the Eclipsing Binary VV Corvi

We have obtained red-wavelength spectroscopy and Johnson B and V differential photoelectric photometry of the eclipsing binary VV Crv = HR 4821. The system is the secondary of the common proper motion double star ADS 8627, which has a separation of 5.''2. VV Crv has an orbital period of 3.144536 days and a low but non-zero eccentricity of 0.085. With the Wilson-Devinney program we have determined a simultaneous solution of our spectroscopic and photometric observations. Those orbital elements produce masses of M {sub 1} = 1.978 ± 0.010 M {sub ☉} and M {sub 2} = 1.513 ± 0.008 M {sub ☉}, and radii of R {sub 1} = 3.375 ± 0.010 R {sub ☉} and R {sub 2} = 1.650 ± 0.008 R {sub ☉} for the primary and secondary, respectively. The effective temperatures of the two components are 6500 K (fixed) and 6638 K, so the star we call the primary is the more massive but cooler and larger component. A comparison with evolutionary tracks indicates that the components are metal rich with [Fe/H] = 0.3, and the system has an age of 1.2 Gyr. The primary is near the end of its main-sequence lifetime and is rotatingmore » significantly faster than its pseudosynchronous velocity. The secondary is still well ensconced on the main sequence and is rotating more slowly than its pseudosynchronous rate.« less
Asymptotic properties of covariate-adjusted regression with correlated errors

Abstract In covariate-adjusted regression (CAR), the response ( Y ) and predictors ( X r , r = 1 , … , p ) are not observed directly. Estimation is based on n independent observations { Y i , X r i , U i } i = 1 n , where Y i = ψ ( U i ) Y i , X r i = ϕ r ( U i ) X r i and ψ ( ⋅ ) and { ϕ r ( ⋅ ) } r = 1 p are unknown functions. In this paper, we discuss the asymptotic properties of this method when the observations are correlated, as in regression models for repeated measurements.
Commoditization in the U.S. Lodging Industry Industry and Customer Perspectives

A comparison of four elements that constitute commoditization as viewed by U.S. hotel industry executives and by customers from a national sample found that the two groups ascribe different weights to the four factors in the commoditization model. In a test of these four factors, the seventy industry executives in the survey thought that product homogeneity contributed the most to commoditization, followed by industry stability, switching costs, and price sensitivity. However, from the customers’ point of view, price sensitivity was far and away the key element of commoditization, with product homogeneity having a much smaller effect. Stability and switching costs were not considered as part of the consumers’ perception of commoditization. Although the study is based on the views of hotel industry executives and customers, it makes no attempt to gauge the level of industry commoditization, because its goal is to establish the nature of commoditization as framed in the hotel industry.
Isolation of cadmium sensitive mutants in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii by transformation/insertional mutagenesis

An arg7, cw15, mt+ strain of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (CC1618) was transformed with pARG7.8, a plasmid containing the wild-type ARG7 gene. Over 2300 arg+ transformants were selected on TAP media. Upon subsequent analysis on TAP plus cadmium plates, five of the transformants failed to grow at a level of 400 μM cadmium and were designated as cadmium sensitive (Cds) mutants. Hybridization data indicated that vector (pBR329) sequences were present in these five mutants, but not in the untransformed parental strain. Two of the mutants have been back crossed to an arg7, cw15, Cd+, mt− strain (CC425) and found to have progeny which always cosegregate the arg+ and Cds phenotypesin these two mutants results from the insertion of the plasmid pARG7.8 into a gene involving cadmium detoxification, and it provides a method by which to clone the interrupted gene(s).
Queer Intimacies and Structural Inequalities New Directions in Stratified Reproduction

This article examines queer intimacies produced by and within a growing industry in assisting human reproduction. Queer users of fertility biomedicine such as gay men, gender queer, and transgender people are constituted within expanded biomedical fertility services in ways similar to their heterosexual counterparts, reproduce more than humans: they reproduce consumer marketplaces, normativities, notions of belonging, and intensifying inequalities. Yet as they negotiate and, at times, reinforce these contours, they also participate in new kinship forms as they demand inclusion in one of the most durable and supported social practices: having children.
A candidate for a background independent formulation of M theory

A class of background independent membrane field theories is studied, and several properties are discovered which suggest that they may play a role in a background independent form of M theory. The bulk kinematics of these theories are described in terms of the conformal blocks of an algebra ${G}_{q}$ on all oriented, finite genus, two-surfaces. The bulk dynamics is described in terms of causal histories in which time evolution is specified by giving amplitudes to certain local changes of the states. Holographic observables are defined which reside in finite dimensional state spaces associated with boundaries in spacetime. We show here that the natural observables in these boundary state spaces are, when ${G}_{q}$ is chosen to be $\mathrm{Spin}(D)$ or a supersymmetric extension of it, generalizations of matrix model coordinates in D dimensions. In certain cases the bulk dynamics can be chosen so that the matrix model dynamics is recoverd for the boundary observables. The bosonic and supersymmetric cases in $D=3$ and $D=9$ are studied, and it is shown that the latter is, in a certain limit, related to the matrix model formulation of M theory. This correspondence gives rise to a conjecture concerning a background independent form of M theory in terms of which excitations of the background independent membrane field theory that correspond to strings and D0-branes are identified.
Myocyte Cell Death in the Diseased Heart

In this issue of Circulation Research , Karwatowska-Prokopczuk et al1 and Takemura et al2 report, respectively, that inhibition of the vacuolar proton ATPase (VPATPase) enhances apoptosis in neonatal cardiac myocytes during metabolic recovery and that the progression of the healing process after infarction involves apoptotic death of inflammatory and interstitial cells. We will discuss these 2 studies separately, because the first addresses important mechanisms of myocyte death and survival, and the second provides new information on scarring of the postinfarcted heart. Both studies emphasize directly or indirectly through in vitro1 and in vivo2 experiments the role of apoptosis in ischemic injury. Two different phases of cardiac damage are examined: myocyte death and reparative fibrosis. In the first article,1 the recognition that alkalinization of myocytes is regulated not only by activation of the Na+-H+ antiport and the Na+-HCO3− symport but also via a third proton-extruding system, VPATPase,1,3 may elucidate some of the critical events affecting the ischemic myocardium. Whether myocardial ischemia occurs in vivo in the absence4,5 or presence5,6 of reperfusion, cell death by apoptosis is the predominant pathological consequence; its etiology, however, remains to be defined. Similarly, the paradoxical beneficial impact of Na+-H+ exchange inhibition during ischemia1 is unclear. The documentation that the ATP-dependent vacuolar proton pump may play a role in hypoxia-induced myocyte apoptosis is significant because it points to alterations in pHi as critical for the transmission of a death signal to myocytes in vivo. Impairment of VPATPase affects the extrusion of protons from the cytoplasm to intracellular acidic complexes, decreasing pHi, and abolishes the protective influence of attenuation of the Na+-H+ exchanger on Ca2+ overload.1 The observations by Karwatowska-Prokopczuk et …
The Utilization of Agriculturally Derived Lignin as an Antioxidant in Asphalt Binder

Asphalt pavements undergo long-term aging due to oxidation of the asphalt binder. As a pavement oxidizes, it stiffens and eventually cracks. The use of an antioxidant in an asphalt binder could retard aging, thus increasing the pavement’s service life. Lignin is a known antioxidant and is highly available from timber and many agricultural products. A wet-mill ethanol process produces several co-products, some of which contain lignin. The utilization of lignin from an ethanol plant could provide benefit to asphalt pavements, along with increasing the value of these lignin containing coproducts. Three different lignin containing co-products were added to four asphalt binders with varying amounts to find the optimum amount of lignin that would provide the greatest benefit to the asphalt binders. The asphalt-lignin blends were evaluated according to Superpave specifications and performance-graded on a continuous scale. The blends were also tested for separation tendencies. The results illustrate that the addition of lignin has a slight stiffening effect on the binder. The more lignin added, the greater the stiffening. However, separation effects are significant at high lignin levels. Binder stiffening increases the high-temperature properties, while the low-temperature properties are slightly decreased. However, the low-temperature stiffening effects are small and do not change the actual performance grade. The lignin has an overall effect of widening the performance grade range of the asphalt binders.
Reference values for long echo time MR spectroscopy in healthy adults

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: There is a lack of information with regard to normal metabolic ratios acquired with MR spectroscopy utilizing a long echo time technique. Our purpose was to measure metabolic ratios in healthy adults to determine whether the metabolites varied across brain regions and by sex. METHODS: Single voxel proton spectra were acquired with an echo time of 135 milliseconds in 10 brain regions of 72 healthy subjects ranging in age from 20 to 44 years. Six gray matter sites in the cerebrum included four cortical areas in the frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes, and two deep nuclear sites in the basal ganglia and the thalamus. Two subcortical white matter regions were in the parietal and the frontal lobes. Two posterior fossa sites included the pons and the cerebellum. All 10 brain regions were not studied in each subject. For each spectrum, the metabolites n-acetylaspartate (NAA), creatine (Cr), and choline (Ch) were identified and ratios of NAA/Cr and Ch/Cr calculated for each brain region. A multifactorial analysis of variance was performed with the two metabolic ratios as dependent variables and with brain region and sex as independent variables. Post hoc statistical analysis consisted of the Scheffe F statistic for significant difference between pairs of brain regions for both metabolic ratios. RESULTS: There was significant regional variation for both the NAA/Cr ratio (P CONCLUSION: There was variation of the NAA/Cr ratio and the Ch/Cr ratio across brain regions, but no sex differences were found. These findings provide the requisite normative values to use single voxel, long-echo-time MR spectroscopy in adult patients with neurologic disorders.
What Have You Done with Location-Based Services Lately?

This issue's Applications column revisits location-based applications and how far we've come since the original mobile device location-detection research started about 10 years ago. The authors discuss a number of popular location-based services and the speed at which such services have become available and commonplace. They also raise some issues about further technical challenges in privacy that result from such widespread use.
Epigenetic diversity of Kaposi’s sarcoma–associated herpesvirus

Spontaneous lytic reactivation of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) occurs at a low rate in latently infected cells in disease and culture. This suggests imperfect epigenetic maintenance of viral transcription programs, perhaps due to variability in chromatin structure at specific loci across the population of KSHV episomal genomes. To characterize this locus-specific chromatin structural diversity, we used MAPit single-molecule footprinting, which simultaneously maps endogenous CG methylation and accessibility to M.CviPI at GC sites. Diverse chromatin structures were detected at the LANA, RTA and vIL6 promoters. At each locus, chromatin ranged from fully closed to fully open across the population. This diversity has not previously been reported in a virus. Phorbol ester and RTA transgene induction were used to identify chromatin conformations associated with reactivation of lytic transcription, which only a fraction of episomes had. Moreover, certain chromatin conformations correlated with CG methylation patterns at the RTA and vIL6 promoters. This indicated that some of the diverse chromatin conformations at these loci were epigenetically distinct. Finally, by comparing chromatin structures from a cell line infected with constitutively latent virus, we identified products of lytic replication. Our findings show that epigenetic drift can restrict viral propagation by chromatin compaction at latent and lytic promoters.
Soluble fusion proteins between single transmembrane photoreceptor guanylyl cyclases and their activators.

Among single-spanning transmembrane receptors (sTMRs), two guanylyl cyclase receptors, GC1 and GC2, are critically important during phototransduction in vertebrate retinal photoreceptor cells. Ca 2+ -free forms of guanylyl cyclase-activating proteins (GCAPs) stimulate GCs intracellularly by a molecular mechanism that is not fully understood. To gain further insight into the mechanism of activation and specificity among these proteins, for the first time, several soluble and active truncated GCs and fusion proteins between intracellular domains of GCs and full-length GCAPs were generated. The GC activity of myristoylated GCAP- 437-1054 GC displayed typical (Ca 2+ ) dependence, and was further enhanced by ATP and inhibited by guanylyl cyclase inhibitor protein (GCIP). The myristoyl group of GCAP1 appeared to be critical for the inhibition of GCs at high (Ca 2+ ), even without membranes. In contrast, calmodulin (CaM)- 437-1054 GC1 fusion protein was inactive, but could be stimulated by exogenous GCAP1. In a series of experiments, we showed that the activation of GCs by linked GCAPs involved intra- and intermolecular mechanisms. The catalytically productive GCAP1- 437-1054 GC1 complex can dissociate, allowing binding and stimulation of the GC1 fusion protein by free GCAP1. This suggests that the intramolecular interactions within the fusion protein have low affinity and are mimicking the native system. We present evidence that the mechanism of GC activation by GCAPs involves a dimeric form of GCs, involves direct interaction between GCs and GCAPs, and does not require membrane components. Thus, fusion proteins may provide an important advance for further structural studies of photoreceptor GCs and other sTMRs with and without different forms of regulatory proteins.
Not Just What, but When: Timing and Sequence in Political Processes

Many perceive the clash between those advocating rational choice theory and their critics to be the dominant cleavage in contemporary political science. At least as fundamental, if much less widely discussed, is the divide over the role of historical analysis (or the investigation of temporal processes). Most social scientists take a “snapshot” view of political life. How does the distribution of public opinion affect policy outcomes? How do individual social characteristics influence propensities to vote? How do electoral rules affect the structure of party systems? Disputes among competing theories center on which factors (“variables”) in the current environment generate important political outcomes. Variable-centered analy- ses are based, however, on some questionable assump- tions about how the social world works.For useful discussions see Andrew Abbott, “Transcending General Linear Reality,” Sociological Theory 6 (1988): 169–86; John C. Harsanyi, “Explanation and Comparative Dynamics in the Social Sciences,” Behavioral Science 5 (1960): 136–45; and Charles C. Ragin, The Comparative Method: Moving Beyond Qualitative and Quantitative Strategies (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1987). The significance of such variables is frequently distorted when they are ripped from their temporal context. There is often a strong case to be made for shifting from snapshots to moving pictures. Placing politics in time systematically situating particular moments (including the present) in a temporal sequence of events and processes can greatly enrich our understanding of complex social dynamics.
Who Gave Soft Money? The Effect of Interest Group Resources on Political Contributions

We consider the effect of various organizational resources on political contributions. Using a unique data set of soft money contributors from 1997 to 1998, our resource-based model examines how capital, membership, and experience influence the decision to give money to political parties. By observing decision making in a relatively unconstrained regulatory environment typified by the soft money regime, we demonstrate the conventional wisdom that financial resources determine the size of political contributions. Financial wealth, however, does not predict whether an organization will make a contribution in the first place. Instead, we show that a lack of alternative resources makes it more likely that organizations will spend money on politics. These findings have important implications for determining who benefits under various campaign finance rules.
Predictive moment preserving block truncation coding for gray-level image compression

In this paper, a novel image compression scheme based on the moment preserving block truncation coding (MPBTC) scheme is proposed. In this scheme, three techniques are employed to cut down the bit rate of moment preserving block truncation cod- ing. They are the two-dimensional prediction technique, the bit map omission technique, and the bit map coding using edge patterns. According to the experimental results, the proposed scheme not only achieves good image quality at low bit rate, but also requires little computational cost in the encoding/decoding procedures. In other words, the proposed scheme indeed improves the perfor- mance of the MPBTC scheme and it is quite suitable for those mul- timedia applications with low computational cost requirement.
Combat Casualty Care and Surgical Progress

The book of Revelation describes the 4 horsemen of the Apocalypse, conquest, death, famine, and war as the hardships that human kind must endure before the end of the world.1 The hardships of war have been evident throughout history and are now illustrated for us at least twice a day on the morning and evening news. Not so obvious have been the benefits derived from surgical experience during war, or the benefits derived from the application of new knowledge and new technology to the treatment of combat casualties. These benefits have been most conspicuous in the realm of wound care, the recorded history of which begins by best estimate 3605 years ago.
Magma reservoir failure on the terrestrial planets: Assessing the importance of gravitational loading in simple elastic models

Results from a finite element model characterizing tensile rupture of an internally pressurized ellipsoidal magma reservoir within an axisymmetric elastic half space illustrate that gravity plays a critical role in this process. Failure to incorporate gravitational loading correctly, which is the case for most published models, affects for example: (a) application of corrections designed to account for the presence of the free surface in analytical models; (b) inferences about the internal pressure that a reservoir can sustain prior to rupture; (c) conclusions about the importance of neutral buoyancy, i.e. the relative host rock and magma density structures; and, (d) predictions about the location at which rupture of the reservoir wall will occur and the style of intrusion which will be favored. Analyses that reduce magma reservoirs to a cavity within an unloaded elastic medium, inflated by only an excess pressure component, sacrifice important information and should not be used to interpret reservoir activity or to calibrate more advanced models of volcanic regions and phenomena; an exception to this rule occurs, however, when constraining the pressure that can be inferred from surface displacements for a reservoir of known geometry. In a gravitationally loaded model, the characteristics of the failure process are insensitive to geologically plausible variations in the tensile strength, shear modulus, density structure and gravitational acceleration. As a result the half-space analysis presented here, which will benefit from future expansion to include topography and other factors, can yield insight into not only magma reservoirs on Earth but those thought to have formed within the crusts of Mars, Venus and other solar system bodies as well.
Counterexample-guided choice of projections in approximate symbolic model checking

BDD-based symbolic techniques of approximate reachability analysis based on decomposing the circuit into a collection of overlapping sub-machines (also referred to as overlapping projections) have been recently proposed. Computing a superset of the reachable states in this fashion is susceptible to false negatives. Searching for real counterexamples in such an approximate space is liable to failure. In this paper, the "hybridization effect" induced by the choice of projections is identified as the cause for the failure. A heuristic based on Hamming Distance is proposed to improve the choice of projections, that reduces the hybridization effect and facilitates either a genuine counterexample or proof of the property. The ideas are evaluated on a real large design example from the PCI Interface unit in the MAGIC chip of the Stanford FLASH Multiprocessor.
Persistence of Elemental Sulfur Spray Residue on Grapes during Ripening and Vinification

Elemental sulfur (S 0 ) is commonly used to control powdery mildew in vineyards, but S 0 residues in musts have been correlated with increased hydrogen sulfide (H 2S) and sulfurous off-aroma formation during fermenta- tion. As a consequence, S 0 is often used sparingly late in the season, but defining appropriate preharvest intervals for S 0 sprays has been challenging due to limited data on S 0 persistence in vineyards and during prefermentation operations. Using a new quantification method, S 0 residues were monitored in the vineyard over three years of field studies. Treatments varied in commercial formulation, application rate, and timing of the last application before harvest, all of which affected S 0 concentrations on the fruit at harvest. Residue concentrations generally were lower for a wettable powder versus a micronized formulation applied at the same rate and timing and increased proportion- ally to the application rate when timing and formulation were constant. In all years, ceasing application ≥35 days prior to harvest resulted in S 0 residues below the 10 μg/g concentration associated with increased H2S production in several previous studies. S 0 residues >1 μg/g correlated with increased H2S production in our current work and were observed on all fruit sprayed within 56 days of harvest. However, clarification decreased S 0 in must by >95% prior to fermentation in all treatments. Furthermore, fermentation on treated skins increased H2S formation nearly 3-fold over fermentations without skin contact. Collectively, these results indicate that S 0 residues are likely of low concern in white winemaking, whereas residue concentrations in red fermentations can exceed those associated with increased H2S production when some S 0 sprays are applied within eight weeks of harvest.
Information fusion techniques for network intrusion detection

Many intrusion detection techniques produce values of indications and warning (IW) that account for only isolated effects of computer network intrusions. To address interactive effects of network intrusions involving coordinated actions, it is necessary to correlate and fuse IW values for providing an accurate assessment of network intrusions. Information fusion techniques are presented.
Crystal structure of a cyclic form of bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor

The crystal structure of a cyclic form of a mutant of bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor has been solved at 1.0 A resolution. The protein was synthesized by native chemical ligation and its structure is almost indistinguishable from the previously described recombinant form of the same mutant; however, the new loop containing the former termini became much better ordered.
A Review of Evidence-Based Strategies to Treat Obesity in Adults

Obesity, with its comorbidities, is a major public health problem. Population-based surveys estimate 2 of every 3 U.S. adults are overweight or obese. Despite billions of dollars spent annually on weight loss attempts, recidivism is high and long-term results are disappointing. In simplest terms, weight loss and maintenance depend on energy balance, and a combination of increased energy expenditure by exercise and decreased energy intake through caloric restriction is the mainstay of behavioral interventions. Many individuals successfully lose 5%-10% of body weight through behavioral approaches and thereby significantly improve health. Similar success occurs with some weight loss prescriptions, although evidence for successful weight loss with over-the-counter medications and supplements is weak. Commercial weight loss programs have helped many individuals achieve their goals, although few programs have been carefully evaluated and compared, limiting recommendations of one program over another. For the very obese, bariatric surgery is an option that leads to significant weight loss and improved health, although risks must be carefully weighed. Lifestyle changes, including regular physical activity, healthy food choices, and portion control, must be adopted, regardless of the weight loss approach, which requires ongoing support. Patients can best decide the appropriate approach working with a multidisciplinary team, including their health care provider and experts in nutrition, exercise, and behavioral intervention.
Directed intermittent search for hidden targets

We develop and analyze a stochastic model of directed intermittent search for a hidden target on a one-dimensional track. A particle injected at one end of the track randomly switches between a stationary search phase and a mobile, non-search phase that is biased in the anterograde direction. There is a finite possibility that the particle fails to find the target due to an absorbing boundary at the other end of the track or due to competition with other targets. Such a scenario is exemplified by the motor-driven transport of mRNA granules to synaptic targets along a dendrite. We first calculate the hitting probability and conditional mean first passage time (MFPT) for finding a single target. We show that an optimal search strategy does not exist, although for a fixed hitting probability, a unidirectional rather than a partially biased search strategy generates a smaller MFPT. We then extend our analysis to the case of multiple targets, and determine how the hitting probability and MFPT depend on the number of targets.
Reducing Furrow Irrigation Erosion with Polyacrylamide (PAM)

There has been a large shift to sprinkler irrigation in the USA. Beyond laborconsiderations, this has been driven by soil and water resource conservation.Some crops, however, do not tolerate wet canopies (e.g., seed beans). Further-more, the capital cost, energy use, and technological requirements are out of thereach of many U.S. and third world irrigators. If inexpensive, effective, easyerosion control were available, many furrow irrigation farmers could improveresource conservation and water management.Small amounts of a specific class of polyacrylamide (PAM) copolymer can vir-tually halt furrow irrigation-induced erosion. Net infiltration is also improved(infiltration rate does not decline, compared with untreated water) while man-agement options are broadened. Various copolymer formulations of water-solu-ble PAM and other copolymers have been available for soil-stabilization in agri-culture since the 1950s. While these conditioners were effective at stabilizingsoil structure and improving infiltration, early materials and high applicationrates were prohibitively expensive for all but high-return uses.In 1991, work by the USDA's Agricultural Research Service in Kimberly, ID,demonstrated that 1 lb/acre of moderate molecular weight (12-15 Mg/mole)anionic polyacrylamide water soluble copolymer could virtually halt furrowirrigation-induced erosion. Treatment required dissolving PAM at a concentra-tion of 10 ppm in the irrigation water during its initial traverse down the dryfurrow (advance). The treatment has proven consistently effective for a varietyof soils and textures on freshly tilled furrows having slopes of as much as 7%.Net infiltration rates are also improved, with increases ranging from 15% in siltloam soils to 50% in clayey soils.Extensive testing in Idaho, complemented by studies in several other westernstates, led in 1994 to commercial product registration in most western states. InJanuary 1995, the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) published awestern states interim conservation practice standard to describe preferredmethodology. Practice adoption in 1995 was estimated at 50 000 acres in theUSA, predominantly the Pacific Northwest. A number of locales now have costsharing for the practice.There is intense user interest in implementation and further development of thisapproach. Emphasis of recent research and farmer inquiries has been focused ondevelopment of easy application technology, minimization of PAM requirement,and verification of PAM's inherent resistance to off-field migration.
Reflections on the Local and the Global in Psychology: Innovation, Liberation and Testimonio*

This paper presents some reflections on the process of creating research, from the point of view of a psychologist working in an academic environment in a developing country which is undergoing social transformation. It explores some tensions between global and local concerns in research, and reflects on the relation between research, art, narration, and the person of the researcher. The ideas presented are based on the personal reflections of the author after developing a methodology for a qualitative research project. The aim is to open up areas of inquiry into the process of constructing research, rather than providing final answers, thus honouring the postmodern assumptions that are tentatively put forward as vehicle of innovation in research in a global psychology. Key Words: Local, Global, Psychology, Testimonio, and Postmodern
Twelve tips for teaching evidence-based physical examination.

AbstractBackground: Practicing evidence-based physical examination (EBPE) requires clinicians to apply the diagnostic accuracy of PE findings in relation to a suspected disease. Though it is important to effectively teach EBPE, clinicians often find the topic challenging.Aims: There are few resources available to guide clinicians on strategies to teach EBPE. We seek to fill that need by presenting tips for effectively teaching EBPE in the clinical context.Methods: This report is based primarily on the authors’ experience and is supported by the available literature.Results: We present 12 practical tips targeting the clinician educator. The first six tips condense key preparatory steps for the teacher, including basic statistics underpinning EBPE. The final six tips provide specific guidance on how to teach EBPE in the clinical environment.Conclusions: By practicing the 12 tips provided, clinicians will develop the confidence needed to effectively teach EBPE in inpatient or outpatient settings.
Loving Touch: Treatment for Rejection of Care

Alzheimer’s disease is a major problem for the health care system because its prevalence is increasing with an aging population. There is no effective medication, which would prevent or treat Alzheimer’s disease on the horizon, and therefore appropriate care for people with this disease is increasingly important. In addition to cognitive deficits that result in functional impairments and a need for care partner, people with dementia often exhibit behaviors that may be more disturbing than the cognitive deficits. Care partners are most disturbed if people with dementia do not cooperate with their caregiving efforts and reject care [1]. People with dementia may actually fight with care partners if they feel that the care is not necessary, or if they do not understand the care partners’ intentions.
Quantum interference between nonmagnetic impurities in d x 2 − y 2 -wave superconductors

We study quantum interference of electronic waves that are scattered by multiple nonmagnetic impurities in a ${d}_{{x}^{2}\ensuremath{-}{y}^{2}}$-wave superconductor. We show that the number of resonance states in the density of states, as well as their frequency and spatial dependence change significantly as the distance between the impurities or their orientation relative to the crystal lattice is varied. Since the latter effect arises from the momentum dependence of the superconducting gap, we argue that quantum interference is a tool to identify the symmetry of unconventional superconductors.
The Current State of U.S. Geropsychiatric Graduate Nursing Education: Results of the National Geropsychiatric Graduate Nursing Education Survey

Advanced Practice Registered Nurses (APRNs) must be prepared to care for the rapidly increasing numbers of older adults with mental health needs. All 363 graduate nursing programs in the United States were surveyed regarding the nature and extent of geropsychiatric nursing (GPN) content across program curricula and their perceptions of the influence that the APRN Consensus Model has exerted on preparing the next generation of APRNs to meet the growing needs of the older adult population. Of the 202 schools responding, 138 reported GPN content in one or more clinical programs, with the majority of content in non-PMHNP programs. Only 17 schools reported offering a GPN program, track, or minor. The majority of schools (n = 169) perceived that they were adequately well-prepared to meet the APRN Consensus Model's guidelines regarding inclusion of aging-related didactic and clinical educational experiences in all APRN education programs; nearly two thirds (n = 132) perceived a moderate to significant influence of the Consensus Model on institutional infusion of GPN into curricula. Compared with a similar survey 10 years ago, there was little change in the proportion of schools reporting GPN in clinical programs and few schools provide GPN programs, tracks, or minors. Implications for nursing education and practice are discussed.
Persistence of metabolic monitoring for psychiatry inpatients treated with second-generation antipsychotics utilizing a computer-based intervention.

Summary What is known and objective Monitoring and intervention for metabolic abnormalities secondary to second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) remain weak areas of performance in mental health care. This study evaluated the sustained impact of a computerized physician order entry (CPOE) pop-up alert designed to improve rates of laboratory metabolic monitoring of patients treated with SGAs in an inpatient psychiatry unit. Interventions carried out by the psychiatry team to manage metabolic abnormalities found on screening were also identified. Methods A retrospective chart review of patients treated with scheduled SGAs at a large Midwestern academic medical centre's inpatient adult psychiatry unit was conducted nearly 4 years after the initial implementation of a pop-up alert. Rates of laboratory monitoring (blood glucose level, haemoglobin A1C [HbA1c], lipid panel) were compared to those following the initial implementation. Medical charts of patients with abnormal laboratory results were also reviewed to summarize interventions made by the psychiatry team to manage identified abnormalities. Results and discussion Patient demographics in the current study population (n = 129) were similar to those in the initial test cohort (n = 157). There was no significant decrease in monitoring of glucose levels and lipid panels (fasting or random). Nine patients with abnormally elevated laboratories were identified. Interventions by the psychiatry team included referrals to appropriate healthcare professionals and initiation of medication. What is new and conclusions The rate of metabolic monitoring for inpatients on SGA therapy did not significantly change over time with the continued use of the CPOE pop-up alert. Optimal monitoring utilizing a CPOE pop-up alert may allow the psychiatry team, including psychiatric pharmacists, to better manage metabolic conditions.
A Review of “Balkan Smoke: Tobacco and the Making of Modern Bulgaria”: Neuburger, Mary C., Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press 320 pp., $39.95, ISBN 978-0-8014-5084-6 Publication Date: November 2012

Examining the history of a country through its economic production gives us unique insight into that history and balances the view of simply studying the traditional narrative of kings and wars. In...
Between transparency and surveillance: Politics of the secret

The recent wave of whistleblowers and cyber-dissidents, from Julian Assange to Edward Snowden, has declared war against surveillance. In this context, transparency is presented as an attainable pol...
Pembrolizumab in classical Hodgkin's lymphoma

Pembrolizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody directed against programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), a key immune-inhibitory molecule expressed on T cells and implicated in CD4+ T-cell exhaustion and tumor immune-escape mechanisms. Classical Hodgkin's lymphoma (cHL) is a unique B-cell malignancy in the sense that malignant Reed-Sternberg (RS) cells represent a small percentage of cells within an extensive immune cell infiltrate. PD-1 ligands are upregulated on RS cells as a consequence of both chromosome 9p24.1 amplification and Epstein-Barr virus infection and by interacting with PD-1 promote an immune-suppressive effect. By augmenting antitumor immune response, pembrolizumab and nivolumab, another monoclonal antibody against PD-1, have shown significant activity in patients with relapsed/refractory cHL as well as an acceptable toxicity profile with immune-related adverse events that are generally manageable. In this review, we explore the rationale for targeting PD-1 in cHL, review the clinical trial results supporting the use of checkpoint inhibitors in this disease, and present future directions for investigation in which this approach may be used.
Revealing global hot spots of technological disasters: 1900–2013

Technological disasters can happen in any country in the world and cause human fatalities, injuries, and economic damages, among other physical and social consequences. As the world adopts more technologies, becomes further industrialized, continues faster urbanization, and has larger and more concentrated population, the occurrences and impacts of technological disasters are likely to be more frequent and severe and call for more scholarly research. However, there is a lack of good models for reliable technological risk analysis, which is the foundation for effective preparation for, sound mitigation of, and quick recovery from technological disasters. This research develops an expected risk analysis model, including a base sub-model and a location quotient sub-model, for nearly 200 countries of the world, using the technological disasters recorded in the EM-DAT database for the period 1900–2013. The sub-models are based on country-level risk impacts in terms of expected fatalities, injuries, people affe...
Fate by Chance, not by Choice: Epidermal Stem Cells Go Live.

The skin epidermis is constantly renewed by epidermal stem cells. In a recent Science paper, Rompolas et al. utilize live imaging to track epidermal stem cells over their lifetimes. Their findings provide new insights into epidermal stem cell behaviors and unravel how newly generated cells are integrated into pre-existing tissues.
Reflections on Reflections

Reflection of a path is a perturbation that is sufficiently powerful to substantially change many properties of a stochastic process and yet sufficiently structured to be amenable to rigorous analysis. There seems to be no well-defined theory of reflected processes in the same sense as there is no well-defined theory of Brownian motion. Instead, the basic idea has a number of incarnations and generates many interesting questions. These notes contain a review of some directions of research concerned with reflected paths.