cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Accountable to Whom? A Critical Science Counter-Story about a City that Stopped Caring for its Young.

Coming from a critical youth studies perspective, this article sketches a participatory action research project designed by youth and adults in New York City to evaluate the impact of neo-liberal public policies on young people. Through telling the counter-story of the Polling for Justice (PFJ) project, we propose that re-considering accountability at the point of knowledge production is generative for re-imagining — and realising — a more just world. PFJ examined young people's experiences of urban public policy and through embodied participatory research, privileging young people's knowledge of the everyday, attempted deep accountability, provoked precarious solidarity, and activated change.
Networks, Keiretsu, and Locations of the Japanese Electronics Industry in Asia:

It has been assumed that industrial networks, particularly of keiretsu-based organizations, play the major role in dictating the formation of industrial agglomerations for Japanese investment in overseas locations. In this paper, I examine whether currently available establishment data on Japanese firms in Asia confirm this tendency for the electronics industry. The data show that actual reliance on keiretsu networks in Asia is relatively low, and keiretsu relationships are more likely to reflect a strong relationship at the global level, rather than relationships with suppliers within host countries. This result poses questions on the assumptions of network-based industrialization affecting locations of foreign direct investment.
Production of a phosphatidylglycerol-like substance by genital flora bacteria

Abstract Bacteria contaminating amniotic fluid have anecdotally been shown to produce a phosphatidylglycerol-like substance, thus giving false positive tests for phosphatidylglycerol in vaginal pool fluid from patients with premature rupture of the membranes. Isolates of Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase-negative Staphylococcus, Streptococcus faecalis, and Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B streptococcus) were grown in broth and analyzed for the presence of phosphatidylglycerol-like material by one-dimensional thin-layer chromatography and also by a polyclonal, immunologic slide agglutination test (Amniostat-FLM). All species demonstrated a positive test result for phosphatidylglycerol by either thin-layer chromatography, slide agglutination, or both. The material migrated separately from cardiolipin and phosphatidylethanolamine as determined by chromatography, but identically with the phosphatidylglycerol control. Gram-negative species were more strongly positive than gram-positive organisms. Colony counts on the order of 10 8 colony-forming units per milliliter were necessary to give positive test results for phosphatidylglycerol. The possible clinical implications of these findings are discussed.
Selective catalytic reduction of NOx on combined Fe- and Cu-zeolite monolithic catalysts: Sequential and dual layer configurations

Abstract Iron and copper-based zeolites are effective catalysts for the lean selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NOx with NH3. Cu-zeolites are more active at lower temperatures (≤350 °C) while Fe-zeolites are more active at higher temperatures (≥400 °C). The effectiveness of a catalytic system comprising Fe- and Cu-based zeolites was examined for the standard (NO + O2 + NH3) and fast (NO + NO2 + NH3) SCR reactions. Experiments carried out with in-house and commercial Fe- and Cu-zeolite monoliths of varying lengths quantified their relative SCR activities. The commercial Cu-zeolite achieved complete NOx conversion for the standard SCR at 250 °C while the commercial Fe-zeolite achieved high NOx conversion at higher temperatures (≥400 °C) where it out-performed the Cu-zeolite. Subsequently, three configurations of combined Fe and Cu-zeolite catalysts were compared: • “Sequential brick” catalyst comprising Fe-zeolite and Cu-zeolite monolith. • “Mixed washcoat” catalyst comprising a washcoat layer having equal mass fractions of Fe- and Cu-zeolites. • “Dual layer” catalyst comprising monolith coated with individual layers of Fe- and Cu-zeolites of different thicknesses and mass fractions. The sequential brick design with Fe-zeolite brick followed by a Cu-zeolite brick gave a higher conversion than the Cu/Fe sequence of equal loadings with the Fe(33%)/Cu(67%) achieving the highest NOx conversion over a wide range of temperatures. The mixed washcoat catalyst achieved NOx conversion that was nearly an average of the individual Fe-only and Cu-only catalysts. The dual layer catalyst with a thin Fe-zeolite (33% of the total washcoat loading) layer on top of a thicker Cu-zeolite layer (67%) resulted in very high NOx removal efficiencies over a wide temperature range for both the standard and fast SCR reactions. The performance of this dual-layer system was comparable to the series arrangement of Fe and Cu-bricks. The Cu-zeolite on Fe-zeolite dual layer catalyst was not nearly as effective for the same loadings. The Fe/Cu dual layer catalyst also exhibited superior performance for the fast SCR reaction. The results are interpreted in terms of the activities of each catalyst for SCR and ammonia oxidation. An assessment of the extent of washcoat diffusion limitations shows that the dual layer configuration is superior to the sequential brick configuration. The existence of an optimal loading distribution of the Fe- and Cu-zeolite catalysts as well as other intangible benefits of the dual layer SCR catalyst are discussed.
The German Urban Experience, 1900–1945: Modernity and Crisis . By Anthony McElligott. London and New York: Routledge, 2001. Pp. xiii, 295. $100.00, cloth; $29.95, paper.

Anthony McElligott's volume on life in German cities is inventive, informative, and interesting. Like other contributions to the “Routledge Sources in History” series, it combines historical analysis with presentation of a broad assortment of mainly primary documents, both written and graphic. The author has excavated this material to good effect from a variety of sources, weaving it together skillfully under thematic headings. He has accordingly produced a volume that affords a multifaceted view of urban experience in Germany during the first half of the twentieth century, when the big city (Grosstadt) both reached its apogee and became an increasingly contested and controversial site of social and cultural processes.
Ontogeny of corticotropin-releasing factor effects on locomotion and foraging in the Western spadefoot toad (Spea hammondii)

We investigated the effects of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and corticosterone (CORT) on foraging and locomotion in Western spadefoot toad (Spea hammondii) tadpoles and juveniles to assess the behavioral functions of these hormones throughout development. We administered intracerebroventricular injections of ovine CRF or CRF receptor antagonist alphahelical CRF((9-41)) to tadpoles and juveniles, and observed behavior within 1.5 h after injection. In both premetamorphic (Gosner stage 33) and prometamorphic (Gosner stages 35-37) tadpoles, CRF injections increased locomotion and decreased foraging. Injections of alphahelical CRF((9-41)) reduced locomotion but did not affect foraging in premetamorphic tadpoles, but dramatically increased foraging in prometamorphic tadpoles compared to both placebo and uninjected controls. Similarly, alphahelical CRF((9-41)) injections stimulated food intake and prey-catching behavior in juveniles. These results suggest that in later-staged amphibians, endogenous CRF secretion modulates feeding by exerting a suppressive effect on appetite. By contrast to the inhibitory effect of CRF, 3-h exposure to CORT (500 nM added to the aquarium water) stimulated foraging in prometamorphic tadpoles. These tadpoles also exhibited a CORT-mediated increase in foraging 6 h after CRF injection, which was associated with elevated whole-body CORT content and blocked by glucocorticoid receptor (GR) antagonist (RU486) injections. Thus, exogenous CRF influences locomotion and foraging in both pre- and prometamorphic tadpoles, but endogenous CRF secretion in relatively unstressed animals does not affect foraging until prometamorphic stages. Furthermore, the opposing actions of CRF and CORT on foraging suggest that they are important regulators of energy balance and food intake in amphibians throughout development.
Process and Temperature Calibration of PLLs with BiST Capabilities

This paper presents two self-calibrating charge pump phase locked loop (CP-PLL) architectures, the first utilizing a ring VCO (voltage controlled oscillator) and the second implemented using a LC-tank VCO. Each design utilizes frequency-modulated analog-to-digital converter(s) (FM ADCs) as part of a calibration circuit to compensate for process and temperature (PT) variations. For the ring VCO-based PLL, compensation is achieved over all four process corners and for temperatures of 0degC, 27degC, and 60degC by dynamically modifying the charge-pump current. In the LC-tank VCO-based PLL design, the tuning range of the VCO is tuned according to the detected process shift. Each FM ADC consumes only 729muWof power for the worst-case scenario and 0.0016mm2 of area. For the two 0.18mum CMOS PLL case studies investigated here, calibration is achieved for non-ideal operating environments.
The mechanics of tip growth morphogenesis: what we have learned from rubber balloons

Morphogenesis of plant, fungal, and bacterial cells depends heavily on surface mechanics and in particular on the stiff wall that surrounds these cells. In this paper, we show that tubular rubber balloons offer a useful physical model of tip growth morphogenesis. In particular, the balloons reproduce accurately the inhomogeneity and anisotropy of surface expansion observed during tip growth. Comparison between the two systems has led to a simple model of tip growth that assumes linear constitutive relations with inhomogeneous material properties. The strain rate profile predicted by the model is a surprisingly good fit to the data given the model’s simplicity. We suggest that a meridional gradient of compliance or extensibility is the key mechanical feature that explains the similar strain rate profiles in tip-growing cells across broad taxonomic groups as well as in rubber balloon analogs.
Exposure of northern leopard frogs in the green bay ecosystem to polychlorinated biphenyls, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, and polychlorinated dibenzofurans is measured by direct chemistry but not hepatic ethoxyresorufin-o-deethylase activity.

We measured concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) in northern leopard frogs collected from the Green Bay ecosystem and explored the catalytic activity of hepatic cytochrome P450-associated monooxygenase (P450 enzyme) as a biomarker for exposure to aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonists. The two hypotheses tested were PCH concentrations in northern leopard frogs would be positively correlated with sediment polychlorinated hydrocarbon (PCH) levels in wetland habitats along a contamination gradient and hepatic ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity of northern leopard frogs, which is presumably mediated by aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), would be positively correlated with PCH concentrations in frog carcasses (whole body minus liver) from different collection sites. In 1994 to 1995, frogs from seven sites along the lower Fox River and Green Bay, USA, were assayed for hepatic EROD activities and whole carcass concentrations of PCBs, PCDDs, and PCDFs. Tissue total PCB concentrations ranging from 3 to 154 ng/g were significantly correlated with sediment PCB levels. Only one PCDD and two PCDFs at concentrations of 6 to 8 pg/g were found in the frogs collected from one of the sites. The EROD activity in frogs ranging from 186 to 270 pmol/min/mg protein was not significantly correlated with frog body weight and was similar among sites except for Peter's Marsh. No significant correlation was found between EROD activity and carcass PCB concentration. This result was consistent with the fact that the frogs collected from the Green Bay ecosystem had relatively low PCB concentrations compared with what was required for induction in the laboratory (ED50 for EROD is between 700 and 2,300 ng/g).
How Do You Learn to Walk? Thousands of Steps and Dozens of Falls per Day

A century of research on the development of walking has examined periodic gait over a straight, uniform path. The current study provides the first corpus of natural infant locomotion derived from spontaneous activity during free play. Locomotor experience was immense: Twelve- to 19-month-olds averaged 2,368 steps and 17 falls per hour. Novice walkers traveled farther faster than expert crawlers, but had comparable fall rates, which suggests that increased efficiency without increased cost motivates expert crawlers to transition to walking. After walking onset, natural locomotion improved dramatically: Infants took more steps, traveled farther distances, and fell less. Walking was distributed in short bouts with variable paths—frequently too short or irregular to qualify as periodic gait. Nonetheless, measures of periodic gait and of natural locomotion were correlated, which indicates that better walkers spontaneously walk more and fall less. Immense amounts of time-distributed, variable practice constitute the natural practice regimen for learning to walk.
Modeling of immunoglobulin uptake by N,N,N',N'-ethylenediaminetetramethylenephosphonic acid-modified zirconia particles under static and dynamic conditions.

Abstract A matrix developed from N , N , N ′, N ′-ethylenediaminetetramethylenephosphonic acid-modified zirconia beads (further referred to as r_PEZ); 25–38 μm in diameter and with a pore size of 22 ± 3 nm, was utilized for the separation of immunoglobulins (Igs). r_PEZ has been shown to bind to various Igs originating from a wide variety of species. To understand the mechanisms controlling the uptake of Igs by r_PEZ, static protein uptake experiments were carried out. The protein uptake profiles were further modeled with a kinetic rate constant model. Individual studies were undertaken for human immunoglobulin A, G and M (HIgA, HIgG and HIgM). The kinetic rate constant model indicated that HIgG binding to r_PEZ was more favorable than its disassociation. The equilibrium rate constants were found to decrease with increasing concentration. The effect of continuous loading in a packed bed system utilizing r_PEZ matrix was evaluated by carrying out frontal studies, using different feed concentrations and linear velocities. The breakthrough profiles obtained for the uptake of HIgG were modeled with the pore diffusion model. The model was found to best describe the breakthrough profiles obtained at a feed concentration of 2.0 mg of HIgG per milliliter. The NTU for the packed bed was found to be equal to 2.
Estimation procedures for understory biomass and fuel loads in sagebrush steppe invaded by woodlands

Regression equations were developed to predict biomass for 9 shrubs, 9 grasses, and 10 forbs that generally dominate sagebrush ecosystems in central Nevada. Independent variables included percent cover, average height, and plant volume. We explored 2 ellipsoid volumes: one with maximum plant height and 2 crown diameters and another with live crown height and 2 crown diameters. Dependent variables were total, live, leaf, and dead biomass. Simple, multiple, linear, and power equations were investigated. Models were chosen based on scatter plots, residual plots, and R2 and SEE values. In general, simple power equations provided the best-fit regressions. For shrubs, the ellipsoid volume computed with maximum plant height best predicted total plant weight, and the ellipsoid volume computed with the live crown height best predicted shrub foliage weight. In addition to regression equations for biomass, ratios for division of that biomass into 1-, 10-, 100-, and 1000-hour fuels were derived for common large shrubs. Regression equations were also derived to relate litter mat sizes of major shrub species to litter weights. The equations in this paper could be used to predict biomass in other areas of the Great Basin if training data were taken to validate or adjust these models.
Human behavior: The teaching of social and behavioral sciences in medical schools

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to offer a comprehensive review of the current status of social and behavioral sciences in American medical schools. The paper reviews the development of behavioral sciences in American medical schools, emphasizes the current status of this movement, describes the preclinical teaching of behavioral sciences at the University of Connecticut and concludes with a discussion of the importance of behavioral sciences in preclinical medical and dental education, particularly with respect to the current goal of comprehensive health care.
Regulating in Space and Time: The Case of Regulatory Federalism

We outline and test an empirical model of federal regulatory behavior that reflects the spatial (i.e., interstate) and temporal dimensions of regulation within a federal system. A pooled time-series design is used to examine the interplay of national and subnational influences on the oversight decisions of officials at the U.S. Office of Surface Mining (OSM, Department of the Interior) during the period 1985-1989. The analysis indicates that the regulatory decisions of federal authorities at OSM reflect shifts in the nation's political climate, the freelancing efforts of individual members of Congress, and the states' political climates. Taken together, the findings suggest that national policymakers are able to direct the oversight activities of bureaucratic subordinates but are constrained in that regard by "bottom up" influences.
Acid and Alkaline Phosphatase Activity in Bone Following Intense Magnetic Field Irradiation of Short Duration

Consideration of the biological effects of electromagnetic radiation is particularly important with regard to bone metabolism. Magnetic fields have been applied to the treatment of bone fractures, and similar fields are employed in the visualization of skeletal structures through magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The present investigation addressed the effect of MRI-intensity (1 Tesla) magnetic fields on enzymatic indices of bone metabolism. Mice were exposed to intense static (direct current) magnetic fields for 30 min on each of 10 successive days. After this exposure regimen the primary spongiosum of the humerus was assayed for acid and alkaline phosphatase activity. No significant difference was detected in tissue levels of either enzyme in bones from control (n = 10), sham-exposed (n = 10), and magnetic field-exposed (n = 10) mice. These results suggested that the effects of magnetic field irradiation do not appear to involve modification of the activities of regulatory enzymes in bone.
Simple Scheme for Gauge Mediation

We present a simple scheme for constructing models that achieve successful gauge mediation of supersymmetry breaking. In addition to our previous work [H. Murayama and Y. Nomura, Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 151803 (2007)] that proposed drastically simplified models using metastable vacua of supersymmetry breaking in vectorlike theories, we show there are many other successful models using various types of supersymmetry-breaking mechanisms that rely on enhanced low-energy $U(1{)}_{R}$ symmetries. In models where supersymmetry is broken by elementary singlets, one needs to assume $U(1{)}_{R}$ violating effects are accidentally small, while in models where composite fields break supersymmetry, emergence of approximate low-energy $U(1{)}_{R}$ symmetries can be understood simply on dimensional grounds. Even though the scheme still requires somewhat small parameters to sufficiently suppress gravity mediation, we discuss their possible origins due to dimensional transmutation. The scheme accommodates a wide range of the gravitino mass to avoid cosmological problems.
Moxalactam Therapy for Gram-Negative Bacillary Meningitis

Twenty patients with gram-negative bacillary meningitis (19 episodes caused by enteric bacilli and one by Pseudomonas aeruginosa) were treated with moxalactam given intravenously. Seventeen patients responded well clinically and bacteriologically without known relapse. Fourteen of 18 isolates from cerebrospinal fluid were susceptible to less than or equal to 0.5 micrograms of moxalactam/ml. Cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of moxalactam in four patients were 2.4-16 micrograms/ml. This accumulated experience indicates that moxalactam has been effective in the treatment of patients with meningitis due to highly susceptible enteric gram-negative bacilli. However, it cannot be recommended as single-drug therapy for meningitis due to P. aeruginosa or Acinetobacter.
Ticagrelor Versus Clopidogrel in Patients With ST-Elevation Acute Coronary Syndromes Intended for Reperfusion With Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention A Platelet Inhibition and Patient Outcomes (PLATO) Trial Subgroup Analysis

Background—Aspirin and clopidogrel are recommended for patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) or undergoing coronary stenting. Ticagrelor, a reversible oral P2Y12-receptor antagonist, provides faster, greater, and more consistent platelet inhibition than clopidogrel and may be useful for patients with acute ST-segment elevation (STE) ACS and planned primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Methods and Result—Platelet Inhibition and Patient Outcomes (PLATO), a randomized, double-blind trial, compared ticagrelor with clopidogrel for the prevention of vascular events in 18 624 ACS patients. This report concerns the 7544 ACS patients with STE or left bundle-branch block allocated to either ticagrelor 180-mg loading dose followed by 90 mg twice daily or clopidogrel 300-mg loading dose (with provision for 300 mg clopidogrel at percutaneous coronary intervention) followed by 75 mg daily for 6 to 12 months. The reduction of the primary end point (myocardial infarction, stroke, or cardiovascular death) wi...
Body mass index trends of military dependents: a cross-sectional study.

ABSTRACT Background: Obesity is an epidemic affecting many people in the United States, to include military beneficiaries, with immediate and long-term implications on health care utilization and costs. We compared the body mass index (BMI) of officer vs. enlisted military-dependent spouses. Methods: Retrospective chart review of 7,226 random dependent spouses cared for at Madigan Army Medical Center. Statistical analysis of BMI was performed comparing the spouses of commissioned officers and enlisted soldiers. Results: There are a higher percentage of overweight and obese enlisted spouses when compared to officer spouses. In all age groups, BMI was 2.6 to 4.8 points higher in enlisted spouses, in both all-inclusive and female-specific analyses (p < 0.001). Male spouse BMI was not statistically different. BMI generally increased with age, with a statistically significant difference in BMI between age groups (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Our study shows that the average BMI of enlisted soldier's female spouses...
Modeling integrated services traffic for bandwidth management in next-generation intranets

This paper discusses modeling requirements of network traffic over next-generation internets and intranets. This traffic will include not only traditional data, but continuous media and multimedia services like telephony, digital television, and interactive TV. We propose a model for interactive TV and discuss its relationship to traditional data and media traffic models. We also present simulation results using this model to compare network bandwidth allocation strategies based on the measured characteristic of on actual interactive TV application used in medical training.
Research Article: Do fathead minnows, Pimephales promelas (Cyprinidae) visually communicate that they detect alarm substances?

Abstract Fishes from multiple orders produce and recognize chemical alarm signals. In ostariophysan fishes, the alarm substance originates in epidermal cells and is released when their skin is damaged. In fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) responses to alarm pheromones released from conspecifics include shoaling, seeking cover, foraging less, and remaining motionless. Naive fathead minnows apparently learn to fear a novel predator's scent by observing the behavior of experienced fish in the presence of the scent. This suggests that fish may be able to perceive a threat using visual cues alone. We asked whether fathead minnows can perceive a threat by simply observing conspecifics that are exposed to alarm substances. We exposed groups of fathead minnows to skin extract containing the alarm pheromone and observed the responses of fish in adjacent aquaria to determine whether this second group of fish perceived that the adjacent fish sensed danger. There was no significant response to the visual stimulus...
Economic hardship and biological weathering: The epigenetics of aging in a U.S. sample of black women

Abstract Background Past research has linked low socio-economic status (SES) to inflammation, metabolic dysregulation, and various chronic and age-related diseases such as type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease, stroke, and dementia. These studies suggest that the challenges and adversities associated with low SES may result in premature aging and increased risk of morbidity and mortality. Objective Building upon this research, the present study investigates various avenues whereby low income might accelerate biological aging. Methods Structural equation modeling and longitudinal data from a sample of 100 Black, middle-aged women residing in the United States was used to investigate the effect of income on a recently developed epigenetic measure of biological aging. This measure can be used as a “biological clock” to assess, at any point during adulthood, the extent to which an individual is experiencing accelerated or decelerated biological aging. Results Low income displayed a robust association with accelerated aging that was unaffected after controlling for other SES-related factors such as education, marital status, and childhood adversity. Further, our analyses indicated that the association between income and biological aging was not explained by health-related behaviors such as diet, exercise, smoking, alcohol consumption, or having health insurance. Rather, in large measure, it was financial pressure (difficulty paying bills, buying necessities, or meeting daily expenses) that accounted for the association between low income and accelerated aging. Conclusions These findings support the view that chronic financial pressures associated with low income exert a weathering effect that results in premature aging.
Both sexes suffer increased parasitism and reduced energy storage as costs of reproduction in the brown anole, Anolis sagrei

Sexual selection theory proposes that males suffer reduced immune function and increased parasitism as costs of expressing sexual signals. Life-history theory proposes that females suffer the same costs because of inherent trade-offs between reproduction and self-maintenance. Mechanistically, each theory invokes an energetic tradeoff, although few experiments have directly compared these costs of reproduction between the sexes as a result of fundamental sex differences in the nature of reproductive investment and a tendency for each theory to focus on a single sex. To test whether males and females experience comparable costs of reproduction in terms of energetics, immune function, and parasitism, we used gonadectomy to eliminate most aspects of reproductive investment in wild brown anole lizards (Anolis sagrei) of both sexes. We compared these nonreproductive males and females with intact, reproductive controls with respect to stored energy (fat bodies), immune function (swelling response to phytohemagglutinin), and the prevalence and intensity of infection by four types of parasite (gastric nematodes, intestinal nematodes, faecal coccidia, and ectoparasitic mites). Gonadectomized anoles experienced dramatic increases in fat storage that were accompanied by decreases in the prevalence of intestinal nematodes and in the intensity of coccidia infection. These costs of reproduction were comparable between males and females, although neither sex exhibited the predicted increase in immune function after gonadectomy. Our results suggest that, despite fundamental sex differences in the nature of reproductive investment, both male and female anoles experience similar costs of reproduction with respect to energy storage and some aspects of parasitism. © 2015 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2015, 00, 000–000.
Sidedress Applications of Union Carbide UC-21149 for Control of Overwintered Boll Weevils

Union Carbide UC-21149, 2-methyl-2-(methylthio) propionaldehyde O-(methyIcarbamoyl) oxime, applied as a sidedressing to 4 to 5-acre plots of cotton provided effective control of Anthonomus grandis Boheman for several weeks. Mortality of released laboratory-reared boll weevils indicated control for 2-4 weeks; the number of punctured squares and adult boll weevils, sampled with a tractor-mounted insect-collecting machine, indicated control for 3-6 weeks. Two applications of 2 lb UC-21149 per acre applied 9-10 days apart were effective for 4-5 weeks, while a single application was effective for 2-4 weeks. More bollworm, Heliothis zea (Boddic), and tobacco budworm, H. virescens (F.), and fewer beneficial insects were found in treated than in the untreated plots.
Reduction of nitrous acid with a macrocyclic rhodium complex that acts as a functional model of nitrite reductase.

Nitrous acid reacts with L2(H2O)Rh2+ (L2 = meso-hexamethylcyclam) in acidic aqueous solutions to generate a strongly absorbing intermediate Int-1 (λmax 400 nm, e = 1200 M–1 cm–1). The reaction foll...
Anodically Fabricated Sr-doped TiO2 Nanotube Arrays for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting Applications

The present work reports the synthesis of self-organized strontium-doped titania nanotubes arrays as a potential material for photocatalytic water splitting. Electrochemical anodization process was used to grow such material under various electrochemical conditions. The effect of dopant concentration on the morphology and photoelectrochemical properties of the material was investigated. The microstructure, morphology and composition of as-prepared and heat treated nanotubes were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results showed that increasing the dopant concentration up to its solubility limit results in higher photoelectrochemical activity. A preliminary proof of concept of the photocatalytic activity of the fabricated material was estimated in terms of the use of such material as a photoanode for photoelectrochemical water splitting.
Caveolae and signaling.

Caveolae, cholesterol-rich invaginations of the plasma membrane, have been implicated as scaffolds where signaling complexes are assembled, and as portals to which recycling or newly synthesized free cholesterol is transported prior to efflux or redistribution. New data indicate that these functions
Open-source LCA tool for estimating greenhouse gas emissions from crude oil production using field characteristics.

Existing transportation fuel cycle emissions models are either general and calculate nonspecific values of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from crude oil production, or are not available for public review and auditing. We have developed the Oil Production Greenhouse Gas Emissions Estimator (OPGEE) to provide open-source, transparent, rigorous GHG assessments for use in scientific assessment, regulatory processes, and analysis of GHG mitigation options by producers. OPGEE uses petroleum engineering fundamentals to model emissions from oil and gas production operations. We introduce OPGEE and explain the methods and assumptions used in its construction. We run OPGEE on a small set of fictional oil fields and explore model sensitivity to selected input parameters. Results show that upstream emissions from petroleum production operations can vary from 3 gCO2/MJ to over 30 gCO2/MJ using realistic ranges of input parameters. Significant drivers of emissions variation are steam injection rates, water handling req...
Serum IL-6 levels in the early diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma

Objective To examine the application of interleukin-6(IL-6) in the early diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Methods Serum IL-6 in healthy controls,HBV carriers and HCC patients were examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Serum alpha-fetoprotein(AFP) was tested simultaneously by chemiluminescence immunoassay.Results Average IL-6 levels in HCC patients were significantly higher than that in control group and HBV carriers.IL-6 levels in big/small HCC groups,or AFP negative/positive HCC groups were significantly higher than that in control group,chronic HBV carriers and acute HBV carriers.Especially,when IL-6 was combined with the classic markers of AFP to test HCC,the diagnostic sensitivity,specificity,negative predictive values were greatly increased.Conclusions Serological IL-6 can be used to diagnose HCC.IL-6 and the parallel testing with AFP can enhance the sensitivity,reduce the misdiagnosis rate,and beneficial to clinical diagnosis.
The Design of EV′s Service Platform Based on Cloud Computing

Combined with the current research on the application of cloud computing,the design of EV service platform based on cloud computing is proposed.The subsystem function design of service platform is analysed,and the formation of service platform is introduced.Based on theory of cloud computing,the software architecture,including core service layer,service management layer and user interface access layer is built,and the key technology of service platform is analysed.The system deployment based on private cloud and hybrid cloud is proposed.
Cost-Effectiveness of Prophylactic Antibiotics in Head and Neck Surgery:

Studies undertaken at the Eye and Ear Hospital of Pittsburgh indicate that antibiotic prophylaxis can reduce the incidence of patient morbidity. In this article we will demonstrate the effect of antibiotic prophylaxis on the economics of major head and neck surgery. One hundred and one patients were assigned to one of four treatment protocols, three of which entailed 1 day of a perioperative prophylactic antibiotic and the fourth a placebo. The study was conducted in a double-blind, randomized fashion. Patients receiving a placebo experienced an infection rate of 78%. Patients receiving cefazolin experienced an infection rate of 33%. Ten percent of patients treated with cefoperazone or cefotaxime developed postoperative wound infection. Postoperative hospitalization averaged 17.9 days for patients who did not develop postoperative wound infection, in contrast to an average of 32.6 days for patients with postoperative would infection. The added cost of postoperative infection justifies the added use of the newer, more expensive antibiotics in view of the reduced postoperative morbidity and postoperative hospitalization.
Didactic Galactic: Types of Knowledge Learned in a Serious Game

Operation ARA is a serious game that teaches scientific inquiry using natural language conversations. Within the context of the game, students completed up to two distinct training modules that teach either didactic or applied conceptual information about research methodology (e.g., validity of dependent variables, need for control groups). An experiment using a 4-condition between-subjects pretest-interaction-posttest design was conducted in which 81 undergraduate college students interacted with varying modules of Operation ARA. The four conditions were designed to test the impact of the two distinct modules on different types of learning measured by multiple-choice, short answer, and case-based assessment questions. Results revealed significant differences on training condition and learning gains on two of the three types of questions.
The Pasadena Playhouse

Chapter 8 provides a history of this resident theatre, which was established in 1925, became the official State Theatre of California in 1937, and connected executives looking for talent with actors searching for employment in the 1930s and 1940s. As a crossroads for theatre and film professionals, the Playhouse had a key role in circulating Modern acting principles. The chapter’s analysis of two important acting manuals used at the Playhouse School of Theatre reveals that Modern acting principles, consistent with Stanislavsky’s ideas, were central to its program. The chapter’s look at the applied dimension of the program, which gave performers experience in the 800-seat mainstage theatre and the 30-seat Playbox Theatre, sheds additional light on the training that actors like Eleanor Parker and William Holden received.
Thermal transport across metal silicide-silicon interfaces: An experimental comparison between epitaxial and nonepitaxial interfaces

Silicides are used extensively in nano- and microdevices due to their low electrical resistivity, low contact resistance to silicon, and their process compatibility. In this work, the thermal interface conductance of ${\mathrm{TiSi}}_{2}, {\mathrm{CoSi}}_{2}$, NiSi, and PtSi are studied using time-domain thermoreflectance. Exploiting the fact that most silicides formed on Si(111) substrates grow epitaxially, while most silicides on Si(100) do not, we study the effect of epitaxy, and show that for a wide variety of interfaces there is no dependence of interface conductance on the detailed structure of the interface. In particular, there is no difference in the thermal interface conductance between epitaxial and nonepitaxial silicide/silicon interfaces, nor between epitaxial interfaces with different interface orientations. While these silicide-based interfaces yield the highest reported interface conductances of any known interface with silicon, none of the interfaces studied are found to operate close to the phonon radiation limit, indicating that phonon transmission coefficients are nonunity in all cases and yet remain insensitive to interfacial structure. In the case of ${\mathrm{CoSi}}_{2}$, a comparison is made with detailed computational models using (1) full-dispersion diffuse mismatch modeling (DMM) including the effect of near-interfacial strain, and (2) an atomistic Green' function (AGF) approach that integrates near-interface changes in the interatomic force constants obtained through density functional perturbation theory. Above 100 K, the AGF approach significantly underpredicts interface conductance suggesting that energy transport does not occur purely by coherent transmission of phonons, even for epitaxial interfaces. The full-dispersion DMM closely predicts the experimentally observed interface conductances for ${\mathrm{CoSi}}_{2}$, NiSi, and ${\mathrm{TiSi}}_{2}$ interfaces, while it remains an open question whether inelastic scattering, cross-interfacial electron-phonon coupling, or other mechanisms could also account for the high-temperature behavior. The effect of degenerate semiconductor dopant concentration on metal-semiconductor thermal interface conductance was also investigated with the result that we have found no dependencies of the thermal interface conductances up to ($n$ or $p$ type) $\ensuremath{\approx}1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{19} {\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$, indicating that there is no significant direct electronic transport and no transport effects that depend on long-range metal-semiconductor band alignment.
High PSRR low drop-out regulator with isolated replica feedback ripple cancellation technique

This paper presents a CMOS low-dropout regulator (LDO) with a unique power supply rejection (PSR) boosting technique. A replica device is used to cancel the power supply noise at the output that is coupled through the main LDO parasitic. The proposed LDO employs a mid-ranged output decoupling capacitor of 50nF and a comparatively low-complexity circuitry to achieve the supply rejection target while maintaining fast load transients. The proposed LDO is designed and simulated in 0.18μm CMOS process; it features a −42.1 dB PSRR at 1 MHz and about −51.06 dB at 10 MHz while driving a maximum load of 50 mA. The LDO consumes a quiescent current of 62 μΑ with load regulation of 0.0154 mA/mV.
Post-operative Prophylaxis in Patients with Crohn’s Disease

Crohn’s disease (CD) is a chronic relapsing inflammatory condition, characterized by abscesses, fistulization and stricturing that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract, but most commonly affects the terminal ileum and proximal colon. Up to 80 % of CD patients will require at least one abdominal surgery in their lifetime [1]. Unfortunately, surgery is not curative and recurrence is the norm, rather than the exception. Endoscopic recurrence occurs in upwards of 70–90 % of patients within 1 year of surgery [2, 3]. Clinical recurrence is seen in approximately one third of patients within 3 years of surgery [4]. Additionally, up to 50 % of patients will require a repeat surgery within 5 years, while up to 70 % will require a repeat operation within 20 years of their original procedure [4–7]. While prevention of post-operative recurrence is a significant challenge in clinical practice, it is essential for not only the maintenance of the patient’s health status and quality of life, but also for the prevention of disease relapse and future surgeries [8]. Having a multidisciplinary approach involving collaboration between surgeons and gastroenterologists is critical for optimizing post-operative care; however patients often delay their follow-up with their gastroenterologist, leaving the surgeon as the sole manager of the patient’s post-operative treatment. Communicating a well-organized and clear plan shortly after resection is especially important because patients who are at high risk of recurrence may be less likely to accept treatment as they enjoy their surgically-induced “remission [9].”
The Perceptual Categorization of Enshi Mandarin Regional Varieties

The current study used a hand-drawn map task, a dialect difference rating task, and a dialect classification task to explore the relationship between participants’ ideologies about dialect differences and their classification of authentic talkers from six regional varieties in Enshi Prefecture, China. The talkers frequently mistaken for each other in the dialect classification task were those who came from counties that were perceived to have similar dialects in the hand-drawn map task and the dialect difference rating task. Participants showed a positive response bias for the Enshi dialect in classifying talkers, corresponding to the dialect difference ratings that Enshi was rated as least different. Thus participants’ classification of real talkers was largely consistent with their ideologies about differences among “imagined” dialects. Participants’ ideologies about dialect differences were shaped by their home county, and their classification performance was affected by their home county and the talker’s social background.
Economics in Formulating Plans for Eastern River Basins

T HIS paper assesses the potential of economics for improving public decisions to invest in water resources, particularly in eastern river basins. I do not propose a strict application of microstatic theory as a model for designing river basin systems because it excludes uncertainty, relevant institutions, and distributional effects of projects. I suggest a more positive application of economics than revealed by our current literature on this subject. Economics, as purely a normative doctrine, competes poorly with other doctrines on what "ought to be" when uncertainty dominates decision making. Economics as a body of propositions stating "what is" or "likely will be" is more persuasive as well as more useful in water resource investment decisions. The existing deficiency of positive propositions is the basis for my emphasis on research as a means of increasing the role of economics in river basin planning. Knowledge of economic consequences of water resource investments is necessary, but insufficient, for this purpose; water resource institutions must be malleable or flexible. The first part of this paper deals briefly with the water resource institutions. The latter parts of the paper deal with economics applied in river basin planning and with issues for future research.
Particle filter for closed-loop detection and tracking from occluded airborne images

This paper describes a novel vision-based target tracking and landing method that uses aerial images from an on-board camera. The proposed method explicitly deals with occlusions that often occur during these maneuvers. Normalized cross correlation (NCC) is used to locate an image patch in a reference image with a measure of certainty. The key insight is that over the course of the vehicle approach, there is a transition between the target being contained in the camera images, and camera images being contained in the target image. When a vehicle is at high altitude, the NCC of the target over an entire camera image is computed. When at low altitude, the reverse operation is performed: the NCC of the camera images is computed over the target image. Additionally, at both high and low altitude, we find interesting region using contour trees, and the NCC of the template with the region is calculated. This way, we can recognize a target even when it is only partly in view. A particle filter is used to fuse highly multi-modal measurements from the three techniques. Each particle chooses its update measurement using a roulette wheel selection with the size of the slice being proportional to the measurement's NCC and, therefore, converges to a location that has a greater NCC and numerous positive hits. The particle filter allows estimation of target position and velocity states, which are used to determine criteria for safe landing. We evaluate our system with an image-in-the-loop simulation and closed-loop flight tests with a quadrotor.
Analogy in Strategy Making in Disruptive Environmental Changes

How do firms use analogy to adapt to disruptive environmental changes? Building on the analogy literature, we propose plausible theories of organizational decision-making for novel strategic proble...
Clozapine-induced myocarditis

Approved in 1989 for the management of treatment-resistant schizophrenia, Clozapine is a last-line atypical antipsychotic drug used with increasing frequency. In addition to its well-known side effect of agranulocytosis, this drug also carries with it rare but serious adverse cardiovascular risk of myocarditis. We present a patient on Clozapine who was admitted to the cardiology service with chest pain, ST segment elevations and elevated troponin concerning for acute myocardial infarction. Evaluation with imaging revealed decreased left ventricular function, however, no coronary artery disease was present on catheterization; findings consistent with a diagnosis of myocarditis. Subsequent discontinuation of the patient's Clozapine and initiation of brief supportive medical therapy resulted in full recovery of systolic left ventricular function. Given the potential cardiovascular mortality risk, it is important for physicians on cardiology services caring for psychiatric patients to be aware of the presentation of symptoms, diagnostic findings and management of Clozapine induced myocarditis.
Government and Media: Visions and Revisions:

Historically, the independent media producer's involvement has consisted of documenting the struggles and confrontations of other groups. Coal miners, auto workers, anti-war demonstrators, plutoniu...