cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Kernel conjugate gradient for fast kernel machines

We propose a novel variant of the conjugate gradient algorithm, Kernel Conjugate Gradient (KCG), designed to speed up learning for kernel machines with differentiable loss functions. This approach leads to a better conditioned optimization problem during learning. We establish an upper bound on the number of iterations for KCG that indicates it should require less than the square root of the number of iterations that standard conjugate gradient requires. In practice, for various differentiable kernel learning problems, we find KCG consistently, and significantly, outperforms existing techniques. The algorithm is simple to implement, requires no more computation per iteration than standard approaches, and is well motivated by Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Space (RKHS) theory. We further show that data-structure techniques recently used to speed up kernel machine approaches are well matched to the algorithm by reducing the dominant costs of training: function evaluation and RKHS inner product computation.
The impact of sulfur on biological control of spider mites in Washington State vineyards and hop yards

Data collected from field studies and experiments conducted in Washington State vineyards and hop yards during 2001-2005 indicate that the multiple use of sulfur as a tool to manage powdery mildew, has an adverse impact on biological control of spider mites. In vineyards there appears to be a positive correlation between the frequency of sulfur applications and spider mite population densities. Multiple (>4) applications of sulfur can result in spider mite population outbreaks requiring control. Similarly, in replicated vineyard and hop yard experiments, multiple applications of sulfur increased spider mite populations. Conversely, predatory mite (Phytoseiidae) populations are smaller in sulfur- exposed hops and grapes than in non-exposed plants, and it is likely that suppression of phytoseiid populations by multiple applications of sulfur contributes to spider mite population outbreaks in Washington State hops and grapes.
Student-Centered Learning Environment for Disaster-Mitigating Engineering Design and Deployment in Developing Regions

A comprehensive student-centered learning environment was created in a funded course sequence on disaster-mitigating design and practice at the UNIVERSITY NAME GOES HERE. It explored solutions for mitigating earthquake damages in developing regions, which suffer disproportionally high casualties. Undergraduate students were in charge from planning to implementation, including a critiqued literature review on socio-cultural environments and traditional technologies, evaluating low-cost damping systems in laboratory testing, preparing architectural designs per functional needs of its host community, performing structural calculations per the International Building Code, and coordinating its implementation. Faculty organized site visits and guest lectures and served as facilitators who contributed sessions on seismology, creativity, and entrepreneurship. Activities addressed accreditation outcomes, accommodated different learning styles, and were designed on Bloom’s taxonomy of educational objectives. Collaborating with local Engineers Without Borders chapters enabled two successful trips to a village of approximately 3,200 inhabitants located in rural El Salvador. The team assessed site conditions and built a new health clinic of reinforced masonry with concrete beams on rubber pad foundation dampers. The local community participated in planning and volunteered significant labor to “make the project their own.” Recommendations are presented on implementing learning experiences that groom globally aware and socially engaged young engineers.
OLAP-Based Data Mining for Business Intelligence Applications in Telecommunications and E-commerce

Business intelligence applications require the analysis and mining of large volumes of transaction data to support business managers in making informed decisions. In a telecommunication network, hundreds of millions of call detail records are generated daily. Business intelligence applications such as fraud detection and churn analysis require the collection and mining of these records on a continuous basis. Similarly, electronic commerce applications require the analysis of millions of shopping transaction records daily to guide personalized marketing, promotional campaigns, and fraud detection. An important component of many of these applications is customer profiling, which aims to extract patterns of behavior from a collection of transaction records, and the comparison of such patterns. The high data volumes and data flow rates pose serious scalability and performance challenges. We show how a scalable data-warehouse/OLAP framework for customer profiling and pattern comparison can meet these performance requirements. Also, since it is important in many business intelligence applications to collect and analyze transaction records continuously, rather than in batches, we show how to automate the whole operation chain, including data capture, filtering, loading, and incremental summarization and analysis.
Effects of isoenergetic, low-fat diets on energy metabolism in lean and obese women

Whether changing from a high-fat diet to an isoenergetic, low-fat, high-complex-carbohydrate diet results in thermogenic benefits is controversial. Brief dietary interventions and failure to account for the potential influence of body-fat distribution on energy metabolism could have confounded the interpretation of previous studies. To address these issues, eight upper-body obese, seven lower-body obese, and eight non-obese premenopausal women underwent measurements of body composition, resting energy expenditure, overnight energy expenditure, and meal fat oxidation at the end of a weight-stabilizing, high-fat (42%) diet, and after 4 wk of an isoenergetic, low-fat (27%) diet. No change in body composition, resting energy expenditure, overnight energy expenditure, or meal fat oxidation occurred. We conclude that isoenergetic shifts from dietary fat to dietary carbohydrate within the generally recommended range have little or no effect on energy metabolism, and that body-fat distribution does not predict differences in energy expenditure.
The Effect of Creeping Indigo ( Indigofera Endecaphylla ) When Fed to Growing Chickens

(1950). The Effect Of Creeping Indigo (Indigofera Endecaphylla) When Fed To Growing Chickens. World's Poultry Science Journal: Vol. 6, No. 4, pp. 284-291.
Spreading the Wealth

The new American president promoted the value of “spreading the wealth around” as an election theme, providing low-income families with tax breaks, rebates, and credits. The practice of using federal income taxes to re-distribute wealth, which sometimes reflects the noblest of goals, frequently generates significant unintended harm. Prominent among those unplanned casualties is a reduction in charitable giving: American voluntary wealth transfers (e.g., charitable contributions) are in danger of being crowded out by mandatory transfers (e.g., federal taxes) used to redistribute wealth. This paper considers the social and economic costs of raising taxes that crowd out charity.
Variability of partial pressures of CO2 and O2 in resting skeletal muscle.

Abstract We measured tissue PCO2 and PO2 in resting skeletal muscles of rats by two gasometric techniques: Gas pockets in contact with the tissue were formed, and small amounts of gas enclosed in 200 μm diam glass capillary tubes were inserted into the tissue. Average PO2 and variability of PO2 were essentially the same as usually found with microelectrodes. The PCO2 varied also, and tended to be reciprocally related to PO2. Since CO2 gradients within a single capillary domain are expected to be negligible, these findings are evidence that there is regional variability in the ratio of local perfusion, Q , to local metabolism, q . Variation in the Q q ratio is evidence that Q and q are not as tightly coupled as would be expected if one were the sole determinant of the other.
Conformation and membrane position of the region linking the two C2 domains in synaptotagmin 1 by site-directed spin labeling.

Synaptotagmin 1 (syt1) is an integral membrane protein localized on the synaptic vesicle that acts as the Ca2+ sensor for neuronal exocytosis. Synaptotagmin 1 contains two C2 domains, C2A and C2B, which bind Ca2+ ions, membranes, and SNAREs. Here, site-directed spin labeling (SDSL) was used to determine the position and dynamics of the region that links the two C2 domains in a water soluble construct encompassing the two C2 domains (syt1C2AB). An analysis of the EPR line shapes from this region indicates that the linker is flexible and unstructured when syt1 is in solution or bound to lipid bilayers. The nanosecond dynamics of the linker does not change, in the presence or absence of Ca2+, suggesting that there is no Ca2+-dependent intramolecular association between the two domains. When syt1C2AB is membrane-bound, the position of the linker relative to the membrane interface was determined by measuring parameters for the collision of the spin-labeled syt1C2AB mutants with both soluble and membrane-bound ...
Missing data techniques for multilevel data: implications of model misspecification

When modeling multilevel data, it is important to accurately represent the interdependence of observations within clusters. Ignoring data clustering may result in parameter misestimation. However, it is not well established to what degree parameter estimates are affected by model misspecification when applying missing data techniques (MDTs) to incomplete multilevel data. We compare the performance of three MDTs with incomplete hierarchical data. We consider the impact of imputation model misspecification on the quality of parameter estimates by employing multiple imputation under assumptions of a normal model (MI/NM) with two-level cross-sectional data when values are missing at random on the dependent variable at rates of 10%, 30%, and 50%. Five criteria are used to compare estimates from MI/NM to estimates from MI assuming a linear mixed model (MI/LMM) and maximum likelihood estimation to the same incomplete data sets. With 10% missing data (MD), techniques performed similarly for fixed-effects estimate...
Hodgkin's Disease of the Lung

The frequency of pulmonary involvement in Hodgkin9s disease is best appreciated in statistical comparisons drawn from large series of cases. According to Verse (1), lesions within the lungs are present in about 40 per cent of all cases. Of the 18 most recently autopsied cases in the Mount Sinai Hospital pulmonary lesions were present in 9, and in 2 others lesions existed within the mucosa of the trachea and bronchi. According to F. Kraus and others, this is merely part of a generalization of a disease primarily of the lymphatic tissue (2). However, in perhaps 10 per cent or even more of the cases with pulmonary involvement the clinical and morphological evidence would seem to indicate that the disease actually began within the lung substance (1). Cases of isolated Hodgkin9s disease of the gastro-intestinal tract, though infrequent, are well known (3, 4). Such observations, as well as those of isolated Hodgkin9s disease of the lung, deserve special attention because of the fact that many students of the disease have come to look upon it as the manifestation of an infection whose portal of entry into the body, like that of tuberculosis, may be either the gastro-intestinal or the respiratory tract. This and other similarities between Hodgkin9s disease and tuberculosis in no way compel one to accept an etiological relationship between the two; in fact, there are many broad similarities between Hodgkin9s disease and the granulomatous manifestations of syphilis as well, or of actinomycosis. These considerations are of importance, rather, in relation to the possible inflammatory nature of Hodgkin9s disease, a theory which within recent years has gained many adherents both abroad and in America (5–13).
A direct comparison of the properties of natural and designed zinc-finger proteins

Abstract Background: Zinc-finger proteins of the Cys 2 His 2 type constitute an important family of DNA-binding proteins. Each zinc-finger domain has three residues that are thought to be important in determining DNA binding site specificity. Proteins have been designed previously by combining zinc-finger domains with a fixed sequence framework with different DNA-contacting residues. Results: We compared the DNA-binding properties of the DNA-binding domain from the human transcription factor Sp1, which contains three zinc fingers, with designed proteins in which the sequences of the structural framework were greatly modified but the presumed DNA-contacting residues were retained. Frameworks based on a zinc-finger consensus sequence and on a minimalist sequence consisting largely of alanine residues were studied. The preference for binding to the target sequence. 5′-(G,T)GG G(C,A)G GG(G,T)-3′, was retained in all cases tested. The consensus framework-based protein was found to be superior to the natural one in terms of overall DNA-binding affinity, the degree of sequence discrimination, and the resistance to inactivation by chelating agents. Conclusions: Our observations provide direct evidence that the residues previously observed to interact with the DNA bases are indeed the most important residues for determining DNA-binding specificity. We have also shown that these domains can tolerate considerable sequence variation while retaining function as well as three-dimensional structure. Finally, they show that framework modification can be used to generate proteins that have normal or enhanced DNA-binding activity but have different metal binding properties.
Management of the psychiatric aspects of chronic noncancer pain.

When all other therapies have failed, the chronic pain patient is referred to the psychiatrist, whose orientation should be toward ameliorating suffering rather than ending pain.
Normalization of essential-fatty-acid-deficient keratinocytes requires palmitic acid.

Abstract Cultured adult human keratinocytes show accelerated growth rates in medium that is essential fatty acid deficient. The cells also show decreased amounts of the essential fatty acids 18:2, 20:3, and 20:4 and contain increased amounts of the monounsaturated fatty acids 16:1 and 18:1. These lower levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids were only partially restored by supplementing the medium with 18:2 and 20:4 fatty acid. The addition of the non-essential fatty acid 16:0 (5 μM), along with the essential fatty acids, resulted in the successful normalization of the major fatty acids in the deficient keratinocytes Normalized cells showed a constant total fatty acid/mg of protein in the phospholipid fraction, as the total cell fatty acid content per cell increased with augmenting fatty acid supplementation. Supplementation of the medium with 16:0 and essential fatty acids decreased the growth and passage potential of the cells. Use of 18:1 in lieu of 18:2 fatty acid yielded essential-fatty-acid-deficient keratinocyte growth values. Likewise the least supplemented medium (5 μM 18:2 + 5 μM 16:0) also gave the accelerated cell growth rates. This study shows that manipulation of the essential fatty acid levels, if accompanied by 5 μM 16:0 in the growth medium, alters the growth properties of adult human primary keratinocytes.
Using passive acoustics to monitor spawning of fishes in the drum family (Sciaenidae)

The goal of this study was to develop a passive acoustic survey protocol to identify spawning habitats of sciaenid fishes. Based on comparisons of recordings of captive‐fish and field recordings of species‐specific courtship sounds, spawning areas of red drum, weakfish, spotted sea trout, and silver perch (Family Sciaenidae) have been identified in Pamlico Sound, NC. Sciaenid sounds were recorded using either a portable hydrophone deployed from a boat or timer‐operated sonobuoys. Loudness of mating choruses of weakfish and silver perch was strongly correlated with the abundance of pelagic sciaenid‐type eggs, suggesting that these areas were used for spawning. Sonobuoy recordings showed that weakfish spawned only in the high‐salinity habitats near the inlets, spotted sea trout spawned predominantly in the low‐salinity areas near the river mouths, silver perch spawned in both high‐ and low‐salinity areas, and red drum spawned most commonly in low‐salinity areas, but only in September. The loudness of mating...
Use of a sperm analyzer for evaluating broiler breeder males. 1. Effects of altering sperm quality and quantity on the sperm motility index

A new instrument for assessing mammalian semen attributes, the Sperm Quality Analyzer, was evaluated as a potential tool for determining rooster sperm quality. The Sperm Quality Analyzer measures the "activity" of sperm in a semen sample as the sperm motility index (SMI). The SMI is defined as the number and amplitude of deflections in a light path per second as a result of sperm movement within a capillary tube. In the present study, effects of sperm concentration, viability, and motility on the SMI were evaluated. Peterson broiler breeder males (n = 40) were used as semen donors. In the initial experiment, semen was diluted from 2- to 25-fold and SMI readings were obtained. The SMI was very low in neat semen samples but increased when semen was diluted up to threefold. However, at dilutions greater than fivefold, the SMI decreased. Apparently, sperm concentration in undiluted semen is so great that sperm are unable to move freely within the capillary tube. Maximum SMI values were obtained at sperm concentrations of approximately 1 billion sperm per milliliter. When thawed, dead sperm were mixed with incubated, live sperm, the SMI decreased with decreasing sperm viability even though sperm concentration was constant. Obviously, fewer sperm move across the light beam as sperm mortality increases. When motile, aerobically incubated sperm were mixed at different rates with immotile, anaerobically incubated sperm samples, the SMI increased with increasing concentrations of motile sperm, whereas total sperm concentration was static. In addition, the SMI was strongly correlated with motility scores obtained by microscopic analysis. The Sperm Quality Analyzer provides an estimate of the overall quality of sperm from broiler breeder males by reflecting sperm concentration, viability, and motility in a single value, the SMI.
Tinydopers: A Case Study of Deviant Socialization

The relatively new practice of tinydopers—marijuana smoking by children between the ages of 0–8 years—is introduced and analyzed. The children are examined through a descriptive ethnography, followed by more general conclusions about the developmental process itself. We then look at the varied range of approaches parents take toward marijuana and their youngsters. An overview analysis of marijuana's cultural and historical evolution in this country shows how an atmosphere favorable to tinydoping has arisen. The changing social meanings associated with pot use that led to its successive legitimization and spread are viewed not as an isolated or unusual occurrence but as representing a general model for social change. Proposing a sequential diffusion process for deviant activities as they gradually become accepted, we examine the social revulsion and backlash that occurs when such practices become adopted by sacred societal groups like children. From the literature, only Becker's (1953) theory of becoming a marijuana user is relevant to this research, and its continued generic applicability is reviewed in light of this new addition to the using population. A modification of his theory suggests why an alternate route to marijuana using may now exist. Finally, a discussion of socialization compares this childrearing innovation to normative practices of the past. Although parents view their actions as normal, tinydoping must presently be considered as deviant socialization.
ANALYSIS OF VEGETABLE OIL TRANSESTERIFICATION PRODUCTS BY GEL PERMEATION CHROMATOGRAPHY

A method for simultaneous analysis of transesterification reaction products — triglycerides, diglycerides, monoglycerides, methyl esters, and glycerol — was developed using gel permeation chromatography. Two Phenogel columns are coupled in series to a refractive index detector, and tetrahydrofuran is used as the mobile phase. Sample preparation involves only dilution and neutralization. The column was calibrated with standard solutions of the compounds. Reproducibility of the method was good: analysis of palm oil transesterification products at different levels of conversion showed a relative standard deviation of 0.27% – 3.87%
Evaluation of coronary artery disease in the Hurler syndrome by angiography.

Hurler syndrome (mucopolysaccharidosis type I-H) is an inherited lysosomal storage disease characterized by the widespread accumulation of mucopolysaccharide in tissues throughout the body.1 Although severe coronary artery luminal narrowing has been documented by postmortem examination of the heart of patients with Hurler syndrome,2 the only reported study in which coronary angiography was performed stated that the coronary arteries appeared normal.3 As part of an ongoing protocol at our institution, selective coronary angiography was performed in children with Hurler syndrome before bone marrow transplantation. The subsequent availability of postmortem material from 3 such patients has allowed us to perform a retrospective analysis of the usefulness of selective coronary angiography in detecting the presence of coronary artery disease in patients with the Hurler syndrome.
THE PRODIGAL SON: A PSYCHOLOGICAL INTERPRETATION '

Summary.-There are several traditional interpretations of the parable of the prodigal son. Another approach would be psychological, which is really a story of the ego-involvement of the father. The father's self-image was threatened when the son left but was restored on the return. The story of the prodigal son has always bothered me. It is an interesting Bible story that you may recall of a man with two sons (Luke: 15:II-32). The younger, apparently under 20, was anxious to break free of family restrictions. He asked for and received his portion of the inheritance. Then, he went off to the attractions of the more exciting world and ". . . there he squandered his property in loose living." After the son had spent his money, there was a famine. The son was forced to work in a pigsty and reahzed he was better off at home. Hungry and penitent, he returned home. The father saw him from a distance, ran to embrace and hss him. The son says, "Father, I have sinned against heaven and before you; I am no longer worthy to be called your son." The father asked for the best robe, a ring (that showed his recognition of his son), and shoes (which have been interpreted as sandals showing the status of a son). Then, ihe father called for a feast with a fatted calf in celebration of the return. Meanwhile, the other, older son who has been working in the field, heard the sound of the celebration. Learning of the celebration for his brother's return, he became angry with the father. Essentially, he said, "I've stayed here, worked for you, obeyed you, and stood by you. You never gave a celebration for me. My brother dissipated all his money and yet you honor him. It isn't fair." The father's reply was, "Son, you are always with me, and all that is mine is yours. It was fitting to make merry and be glad, for this your brother was dead, and is alive; he was lost and is found." The beauty of this story is that it can be analyzed at several levels: (1) Simply the story of a son who went off, spent all his money, realized he would be better off back home, and returned; (2) a father's happiness at having a straying son return; (3) a symbolic story that God loves the repenting sinner; (4) reuniting a family is more important than justice (in this case, being fair to the older son); and (5) a story of sibhg rivalry.
A depth-averaged electrokinetic flow model for shallow microchannels

Electrokinetic flows with heterogeneous conductivity configuration occur widely in microfluidic applications such as sample stacking and multidimensional assays. Electromechanical coupling in these flows may lead to complex flow phenomena, such as sample dispersion due to electro-osmotic velocity mismatch, and electrokinetic instability (EKI). In this work we develop a generalized electrokinetic model suitable for the study of microchannel flows with conductivity gradients and shallow-channel geometry. An asymptotic analysis is performed with the channel depth-to-width ratio as a smallness parameter, and the three-dimensional equations are reduced to a set of depth-averaged equations governing in-plane flow dynamics. The momentum equation uses a Darcy-Brinkman-Forchheimer-type formulation, and the convective-diffusive transport of the conductivity field in the depth direction manifests itself as a dispersion effect on the in-plane conductivity field. The validity of the model is assessed by comparing the numerical results with full three-dimensional direct numerical simulations, and experimental data. The depth-averaged equations provide the accuracy of three-dimensional modelling with a convenient two-dimensional equation set applicable to a wide class of microfluidic devices.
Structure and expression of the Lyt-3a gene of C.AKR mice.

The mouse Lyt-3agene, which encodes the Lyt-3.1 T-cell surface alloantigen of the C.AKR strain, has been cloned, and the nucleotide sequence of its exons and more than 2 kb of 5′ flanking sequence have been determined. The gene extends over approximately 16 kb of DNA and consists of six exons encoding leader, leader plus V-like domain, membrane-proximal, transmembrane, and cytoplasmic domains. The only difference between the coding region of the Lyt-3agene and the cDNA sequences reported for Lyt-3b(Nakauchi et al. 1987, Panaccio et al. 1987) is at position 77 of the mature protein where Lyt-3aencodes serine and Lyt-3bencodes arginine. This substitution must therefore be the basis for the serological distinction between the Lyt-3.1 and Lyt-3.2 alloantigens. Potential TATA and CAAT sequences, two Sp1 protein binding sites, two extended repeats of the dinucleotide, CA, a number of short inverted repeats, and an inverted segment of the mouse B1 repetitive sequence are found 5′ to the Lyt-3agene. Two consensus poly-A addition signals and a complete copy of the mouse B1 sequence are found 3′ to the gene. Both B1-related regions are flanked by short direct repeats suggesting that they arose by an insertional mechanism. Cotransfection of the Lyt-3agene together with a cloned Lyt-2agene resulted in expression of both Lyt-2 and Lyt-3.1 on the surface of Ltk− and BW5147 cells. Transfection of the Lyt-3agene without Lyt-2aled to expression of Lyt-3-related cellular RNA but did not result in surface expression of Lyt-3.1, suggesting that the Lyt-3 glycoprotein is not expressed on the cell surface in the absence of Lyt-2.
A novel spectral imaging system for use during pancreatic cancer surgery

Pancreatic cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer death in the United States. Most pancreatic cancer patients will die within the first year of diagnosis, and just 6% will survive five years. Currently, surgery is the only treatment that offers a chance of cure for pancreatic cancer patients. Accurately identifying the tumors margins in real time is a significant difficulty during pancreatic cancer surgery and contributes to the low 5-year survival rate. We are developing a hyperspectral imaging system based on compressive sampling for real-time tumor margin detection to facilitate more effective removal of diseased tissue and result in better patient outcomes. Recent research has shown that optical spectroscopy can be used to distinguish between healthy and diseased tissue and will likely become an important minimally invasive diagnostic tool for a range of diseases. Reflectance spectroscopy provides information about tissue morphology, while laser-induced autofluorescence spectra give accurate information about the content and molecular structure of the emitting tissue. We are developing a spectral imaging system that targets emission from collagen and NAD(P)H as diagnostics for differentiating healthy and diseased pancreatic tissue. In this study, we demonstrate the ability of our camera system to acquire hyperspectral images and its potential application for imaging autofluorescent emission from pancreatic tissue.
Asymptotic stability of a class of integro-differential equations

Abstract We examine the asymptotic stability of the zero solution of the first-order linear equation x′(t) = Ax(t) + ∝0t B(t − s) x(s) ds, where B(t) is integrable and does not change sign on [0, ∞). The results are applied to an examination of the stability of equilibrium of some nonlinear population models.
Improved Trace Buffer Observation via Selective Data Capture Using 2-D Compaction for Post-Silicon Debug

This paper presents a novel technique for extending the capacity of trace buffers when capturing debug data during post-silicon debug. It exploits the fact that is it not necessary to capture error-free data in the trace buffer since that information can be obtained from simulation. A selective data capture method is proposed in this paper that only captures debug data during clock cycles in which errors are present. The proposed debug method requires only three debug sessions. The first session estimates a rough error rate, the second session identifies a set of suspect clock cycles where errors may be present, and the third session captures the suspect clock cycles in the trace buffer. The suspect clock cycles are determined through a 2-D compaction technique using multiple-input signature register signatures and cycling register signatures. Intersecting both signatures generates a small number of suspect clock cycles for which the trace buffer needs to capture. The effective observation window of the trace buffer can be expanded significantly, by up to orders of magnitude. Experimental results indicate very significant increases in the effective observation window for a trace buffer can be obtained.
Soft and hard pomerons: Is there a distinction?*

One of the big unsolved problems of QCD remains the problem of the Pomeron: what is the relation of high energy elastic and diffractive phenomena to the underlying theory This is not a subject in which I have actively worked. But my interest in it has in this year increased greatly. The reason has to do with ideas for experimentation at SSC/LHC which either directly address the problem or which require the understanding of strong-interaction diffractive phenomena as backgrounds for discovery-physics processes involving electroweak boson exchanges. I will in this talk omit these motivations, which can be found elsewhere, and instead concentrate on some personal veiwpoints regarding the Pomeron which may or may not be conventional. The main question has to do with the distinction between the original, old-fashioned soft'' Pomeron of the 1960s, built out of multiperipheral hadron-exchanges, and the more modern perturbative-QCD hard'' Pomeron, built out of multiperipheral gluon exchanges. The perspective I offer comes mainly from two sources: one is heavy-flavor physics, and the other is the Manohar-Georgi view of constituent quark physics. 27 refs., 5 figs.
Cardiac power index: staging heart failure for mechanical circulatory support

Cardiac power output has been shown to quantify cardiac reserve. Cardiac reserve is defined as the difference between basal and maximal cardiac performance. We compared cardiac power index to other commonly used hemodynamic parameters to validate its usefulness to stage heart failure patients and determine the optimal time for implantation of mechanical circulatory support. A retrospective study of twenty-eight heart failure patients implanted with mechanical circulatory support was analyzed at three levels of drug therapy. Subjects were further separated into two categories: survived versus deceased. Cardiac power index was the only statistically significant hemodynamic parameter that identified cardiac reserve (p<0.05) in this patient population. These results showed that a cardiac power index at or below 0.34 Watts/m2 resulted in increased mortality rate, ninety days post-implantation.Conclusion:Cardiac reserve was a determinant of post-device survival; therefore, these data suggest that device implant...
Comparison between malignant and benign abdominal lymph nodes on diffusion-weighted imaging.

Rationale and Objectives The purpose of this study is to review the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of benign and metastatic abdominal lymph nodes on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). Materials and Methods Twenty-eight patients with a total of 40 benign (20 patients) and 16 malignant (8 patients) lymph nodes who underwent DWI MRI of the abdomen (b = 0.600) were enrolled in the study. ADC values of the lymph nodes were measured and comparison was made between benign and malignant groups. Results Mean ADC value of lymph nodes was 2.38 ± 0.29 and 1.84 ± 0.37 × 10−3 mm2/sec in the benign and malignant groups, respectively. There was a significant statistical difference between the ADC values of benign and malignant lymph nodes (P Conclusion A wide range of ADC values exist in patients with metastatic abdominal lymph nodes, with a tendency of higher ADC values in benign lymph nodes.
Mechanical design of RiceWrist-S: A forearm-wrist exoskeleton for stroke and spinal cord injury rehabilitation

Robotic rehabilitation of individuals with neurological lesions from stroke or spinal cord injuries is promising in that robots can provide intensive therapy and enable quantitative and objective assessment of motor impairment. Robotic devices for the upper extremity have primarily focused on the proximal joints, with only a few devices designed specifically for forearm and wrist rehabilitation, which is critical for the restoration of independence in activities of daily living. Previous robotic systems have neglected degrees-of-freedom at the wrist, or have offered limited range of motion or torque output capability. In this paper, we present the kinematic design of a serial mechanism, the RiceWrist-S, for forearm and wrist rehabilitation, and compare its range of motion and torque output capabilities to a previously reported parallel mechanism and to requirements developed from assessment of daily activities. The RiceWrist-S design meets or exceeds targets for range of motion and torque in all degrees of freedom.
Air-sampling inlet contamination by aircraft emissions on the NASA CV-990 aircraft

Results of an experimental investigation of the contamination of air sampling inlets by aircraft emissions from the NASA CV-990 research aircraft are presented. This four-engine jet aircraft is a NASA facility used for many different atmospheric and meteorological experiments, as well as for developing spacecraft instrumentation for remote measurements. Our investigations were performed to provide information on which to base the selection of sampling locations for a series of multi-instrument missions for measuring tropospheric trace gases. The major source of contamination is the exhaust from the jet engines, which generate many of the same gases that are of interest in atmospheric chemistry, as well as other gases that may interfere with sampling measurements. The engine exhaust contains these gases in mixing ratios many orders of magnitude greater than those that occur in the clean atmosphere which the missions seek to quantify. Pressurized samples of air were collected simultaneously from a scoop located forward of the engines to represent clean air and from other multiport scoops at various aft positions on the aircraft. The air samples were analyzed in the laboratory by gas chromatography for carbon monoxide, an abundant combustion by-product. Data are presented for various scoop locations under various flight conditions.
Observation of beta-induced Alfvén eigenmodes in the DIII-D tokamak

Energetic ions can drive Alfv\'en gap modes unstable, causing large losses of fast ions. Toroidicity-induced Alfv\'en eigenmodes (TAE) were expected to disappear into the shear Alfv\'en continuum and become stable as the plasma beta increased. Although TAE modes may disappear, another dangerous instability with similar properties but approximately half the TAE frequency appears in a spectral gap that is created by finite beta effects. The measured frequency of the new mode agrees with the theoretical frequency of beta-induced Alfv\'en eigenmodes.
Some physicochemical characteristics of photoaffinity-labeled rabbit androgen-binding protein.

Photoaffinity-labeled androgen-binding protein (ABP), present in cytosol prepared from the caput epididymidis of intact sexually mature rabbits, was produced using 17β-hydroxy-[l,2-3H]4,6-androstadien-3-one (Δ6-testosterone). Photolabeled ABP could not be distinguished from unlabeled ABP by gel filtration chromatography, electrophoresis on nondenaturing polyacrylamide gels, or sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation. Rabbit ABP was found to have a sedimentation coefficient of 4.6S and a Stokes radius of approximately 45A. Based on these parameters, its native molecular weight was calculated to be approximately 86,300. A model of ABP as a prolate ellipsoid having an axial ratio of 10 is consistent with its frictional ratio of 1.555. When photolabeled rabbit ABP was examined on polyacrylamide gels containing sodium dodecyl sulfate, two androgen- specific peaks of approximately 52,000 and approximately 48,000 daltons were detected. Both peaks contained approximately the same amount of radioactivity. When photol...
Gender and sexual identity authentication in language use: the case of chat rooms:

In this article, I investigate the linguistic practices by which participants in online dating chats become authentic gendered and sexual beings in the virtual world. This process of authentication validates them as members of a specific gender or sexual group, which is a key prerequisite for engaging in the intricacies of online desire and eroticism. Authentication in this context is necessarily a discursive act because of the absence of visual or aural cues, and it takes place through linguistic strategies such as the age/sex/location schema, descriptions of the self, and screen names. The resulting gender and sexual identities are sketches or stereotypes whose value derives from the acceptance of social and cultural discourses on gender and sexuality that are negotiated in the interactions. Authentication, therefore, is not an external process imposed upon people, but the result of specific social practices.
Application of Symbolic Manipulation to the Hecke Transformations of Modular Forms in Two Variables, II

In the first part of this work (to appear in Mathematics of Computation, 1987) it was shown that the nonsymmetric modular forms for if can be effectively generated by Hecke transformations on the symmetric forms, which are better known and more easily constructed. We show that the nonsymmetric forms need not be known in advance, indeed the polynomial equations defining them in terms of symmetric forms can be derived by symbolic manipulation. The computation was performed using MACSYMA on a DEC VAX computer and came close to the limit of the machine's speed and capacity.
Bipolar resistive switching of zinc-tin-oxide resistive random access memory

Bipolar switching is reported for the first time using solution deposited amorphous zinc-tin-oxide (ZTO). The impact of compliance current (CC) on the SET voltage, the magnitude of the low and high resistance states, and the switching ratio is investigated for Al/ZTO/Ir resistive random access memory (RRAM) devices.
Employee resistance and injury during commercial robberies.

OBJECTIVES:: To examine the association between employee resistance and injury and examine whether type or location of property stolen was associated with employee resistance during commercial robberies in a large metropolitan city. METHODS:: Robbery data were abstracted from police crime reports between 2008 and 2012. Log binomial regression models were used to identify predictors of employee resistance and to evaluate the association between employee resistance and injury. RESULTS:: Employees resisted a robber in nearly half of all robbery events. Active employee resistance was significantly associated with employee injury (Adj PR: 1.49, 95% confidence interval, 1.34 to 1.65). Goods being stolen were associated with active employee resistance and employee injury, whereas cash only being stolen was inversely associated with employee injury. CONCLUSIONS:: Results suggest that employee training in nonresistance can be an important strategy in protecting employees working with the exchange of cash and goods. Language: en
A psychometric analysis of aggression and conflict-resolution behavior in black adolescent males

We tested the effectiveness of the Conflict Tactics Scales (CTS) and an adaptation of the Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory (BDHI) to differentiate between aggressive and nonaggressive inner city Black adolescent males. The CTS provided measures of conflict-resolution behavior toward “others” except siblings and parents; the adapted version of the BDHI provided measures of aggression toward friends and strangers. The sample comprised 83 males, ranging in age from 12 to 17 ( M = 13.9 years), who were classified as institutionalized aggressive, noninstitutionalized aggressive, and noninstitutionalized nonaggressive on the basis of their behavior before the CTS and adapted version of the BDHI were administered. The results indicated that the adapted version of the BDHI discriminated between aggressive and nonaggressive individuals as well as institutionalized and noninstitutionalized individuals. The verbal physical aggression scales of the CTS were found to differentiate between the institutionalized aggressive and noninstitutionalized nonaggressive participants. Positive correlations were obtained between the CTS and subscales of the adapted version of the BDHI. The scales may be useful for assessing aggression and conflict-resolution behavior among inner-city Black adolescent males.
Exercise training during diabetes minimizes loss of Rap2 and Rrad

Diabetes causes failure of multiple organs. However, molecular mechanisms underlying these defects remain incompletely characterized. Recent studies suggest that alterations in expression/function of GTPases maybe involved. This study was designed to determine whether expression of two of these GTPases, Rap2 and Rrad are altered during diabetes and whether exercise training could blunt these changes. Type 1 diabetes was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats using streptozotocin (STZ). Three weeks after STZ injection, diabetic rats were divided into two groups. One group underwent exercise training (ExT) for four weeks while the other group remained sedentary. After seven weeks of diabetes, steady state levels of Rap2 protein decreased by 50% in heart, 40% reduction in brain, 30% reduction in liver, but there was no detectable change in kidneys. Steady state levels of Rrad protein was also reduced by 60% in heart, 20% in brain and 25% reduction in liver as well as by 50% in kidney during diabetes. Four weeks of ExT initiated three weeks after the onset of diabetes, attenuated the reduction in Rap2 and Rrad expression. Since Rap2 and Rrad are down stream effectors of the guanine nucleotide exchange protein, EPAC which is activated during diabetes, these data suggest that reduction in steady state levels of Rap2 and Rrad may serve to blunt the effect of persistent sympathetic activation. (Supported in part by minority supplement, NIH).
General base and general acid catalyzed intramolecular aminolysis of esters. Cyclization of esters of 2-aminomethylbenzoic acid to phthalimidine.

Plots of log k0 vs pH for the cyclization of trifluoroethyl and phenyl 2-aminomethylbenzoate to phthalimidine at 30 °C in H2O are linear with slopes of 1.0 at pH >3. The values of the second-order rate constants kOH for apparent OH- catalysis in the cyclization reactions are 1.7 × 105 and 5.7 × 107 M-1 s-1, respectively. These rate constants are 105- and 107-fold greater than for alkaline hydrolysis of trifluoroethyl and phenyl benzoate. The kOH for cyclization of the methyl ester is 7.2 × 103 M-1 s-1. Bimolecular general base catalysis occurs in the intramolecular nucleophilic reactions of the neutral species. The value of the Bronsted coefficient β for the trifluoroethyl ester is 0.7. The rate-limiting step in the general base catalyzed reaction involves proton transfer in concert with leaving group departure. The mechanism involving rate-determining proton transfer exemplified by the methyl ester in this series (β = 1.0) can then be considered a limiting case of the concerted mechanism. General acid ca...
Demonstrating the Impact of the Occupant on Building Performance

AbstractDesigners often cite uncertain occupant behavior as a potential obstacle to high performing buildings. However, little research has been done to characterize the nature and extent of the po...
The response of plasma catecholamines to intravenous labetalol: a comparison with sodium nitroprusside.

Changes in mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), and plasma concentrations of norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine were measured in eight hypertensive patients in a supine position after stepwise infusion of incremental sodium nitroprusside doses and intravenous injection of cumulative labetalol doses. Both drugs induced rises in plasma NE concentration that were linearly related to reductions in MAP. For any reduction in blood pressure (BP), however, the rise in plasma NE concentration induced by labetalol was approximately four times that induced by sodium nitroprusside. The difference can be explained by two effects of labetalol: impairment of neuronal NE uptake and β-adrenergic-receptor blockade, which are known to reduce NE clearance from plasma. After both drugs there was a correlation between changes in HR and changes in BP and a correlation between changes in HR and changes in plasma NE concentration. Slopes of the regression lines for both relationships were less after labetalol than after sodium nitroprusside, presumably because of the β-adrenergic-blocking properties of labetalol. Multiple-regression analysis indicated that the plasma NE rise was an important determinant of the vasodepressor response to each drug. The greater plasma NE elevation after labetalol may limit its antihypertensive effect. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (1983) 34, 466–473; doi:10.1038/clpt.1983.199
Ligament stability of the metacarpophalangeal joint: A biomechanical study

Capsuloligamentous contributions to metacarpophalangeal joint stability were obtained from load-displacement tests on the joints of 15 human cadavers. The contribution of each ligament to joint stability was obtained by measuring the reduction of load that induced a given joint displacement after sequential ligamentous sectioning. Four modes of joint displacement were examined: distal distraction, dorsopalmar dislocation, abduction-adduction rotations, and supination-pronation rotations. This study demonstrated that both radial and ulnar collateral ligaments play primary roles in stabilizing the metacarpophalangeal joint in all four modes of joint displacement. The accessory collateral ligaments contribute primarily to abduction-adduction rotational stability, but contribute little to stabilizing dorsopalmar dislocation or axial (supination-pronation) rotations. The palmar plate prevents dorsal dislocation only at full extension. The dorsal capsule has a moderate contribution to stability in distraction and supination-pronation rotations.