cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Absence of ST-segment elevation in lead V1 predicts worse long-term outcomes in patients with first anterior ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction

Abstract Background The prognostic value of ST-segment elevation in lead V1 (STE in V1) in anterior ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) has not been elucidated. Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of 190 consecutive first anterior STEMI patients. STE in V1 ≥ 0.1 mV was recorded. Major adverse cardiac events (MACE) were defined as a composite of all-cause death, recurrent myocardial infarction, or target vessel revascularization. Results Among 190 patients, 42 patients did not have STE in V1. The patient without STE in V1 had a higher peak creatine kinase value and a higher incidence of 1-year MACE (36% vs. 13%, p Conclusion The absence of STE in V1 was an independent predictor for worse long-term outcomes in patients with first anterior STEMI.
Agonistic anti-CD40 promotes early development and increases the incidence of severe thyroid epithelial cell hyperplasia (TEC H/P) in CD4-/- mice.

IFN-γ−/−NOD.H-2h4 mice develop thyroid epithelial cell hyperplasia (TEC H/P) characterised by abnormal proliferation of thyrocytes and infiltration of thyroids by CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, macrophages and dendritic cells. CD8+ T cells from mice with severe TEC H/P transfer similar lesions to SCID recipients, whereas CD4+ T cells transfer mild TEC H/P. CD4− and CD8− deficient IFN-γ−/−NOD.H-2h4 mice were generated to determine if CD4+ T cells were required for initial activation of the CD8+ T cells that transfer TEC H/P. After 6–8 months on NaI water, only 2 of 60 CD8−/− mice developed severe TEC H/P, whereas 31 of 101 CD4−/− mice developed severe TEC H/P and fibrosis comparable in severity to that of IFN-γ−/− mice. However, splenocytes from CD4−/− mice with severe TEC H/P did not effectively transfer severe TEC H/P to SCID recipients. When CD4−/− donors were given agonistic anti-CD40 mAb, most developed severe TEC H/P and their cells transferred severe TEC H/P to SCID recipients. These results indicate that agonistic anti-CD40 can provide an important signal for activation of autoreactive CD8+ T cells that transfer severe TEC H/P. Therefore, targeting or blocking CD40 could provide effective therapy for diseases involving hyperplasia and fibrosis mediated by CD8+ T cells.
Chapter 9 New findings on secular trends in nutrition and mortality: Some implications for population theory

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the evolution of thought on, and knowledge of, the secular decline in mortality; provides new evidence and new analytical techniques that have made it possible to switch attention from famines to chronic malnutrition as the principal link between the food supply and mortality. The chapter also proposes a new theory of the way that the food supply and population were brought into equilibrium between 1700 and the twentieth century; and suggests some implications of the theory for current population issues. The findings discussed in the chapter indicate that the elimination of chronic malnutrition has played an important role in the secular improvement of health and life expectancy. They also suggest that the elimination of stunting and wasting at early ages is of major importance in the reduction of morbidity and mortality rates at middle and late ages. The relevance of these findings for current policy issues may be more obvious for Third World countries than for currently industrialized countries.
Labor Complementarities and Health in the Agricultural Household

Models of the agricultural household have traditionally relied on assumptions regarding the complementarity or substitutability of family labor inputs. We show how data on time allocations, health shocks and corresponding treatment choices can be used to test these assumptions. Data from Tanzania provide evidence that complementarities exist and can explain the pattern of labor supply adjustments across household members and productive activities following acute sickness. In particular, we find that sick and healthy household members both shift labor away from self-employment and into farming when the sick recover more quickly. Infra-marginal adjustments within farming activity types provide further evidence of farm-specific complementarities.
Thermodynamic Phase and Ice Cloud Properties in Northern Hemisphere Winter Extratropical Cyclones Observed byAquaAIRS

AbstractIce cloud properties in Northern Hemisphere winter extratropical cyclones are examined using the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS), version 6, cloud products. The cloud thermodynamic phase product indicates that warm frontal clouds are dominated by ice, liquid-phase clouds occur outside of the warm frontal region, and supercooled or mixed-phase clouds are found in the southwestern quadrant of the cyclones. Stratiform ice clouds populate the warm frontal region and portions of the cold sector while convective ice clouds populate southeastern portions of the warm front and the southeastern quadrant. Total cloud cover is smaller in land cyclones than in ocean cyclones, especially in the southwestern quadrant and the warm frontal region. Ice cloud cover is less over land in the warm frontal region, because land cyclones are generally weaker and drier than ocean cyclones. The impact of cyclone average precipitable water (PW) and the magnitude of 850-hPa vertical ascent ω850 on the thermodynamic phase...
The Xenon100 Detector

Xenon100 is a liquid xenon (LXe) time projection chamber built to search for rare collisions of hypothetical, weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs). Operated in a low-background shield at the Gran Sasso underground laboratory in Italy, Xenon100 has reached the unprecedented background level of <0.15 events/day/keVr in the energy range below 100 keVr in 30 kg of target mass, before electronic/nuclear recoil discrimination. It found no evidence for WIMPs during a dark matter run lasting for 100.9 live days in 2010, excluding with 90 % confidence scalar WIMP-nucleon cross sections above 7 × 10−45 cm2 at a WIMP mass of 50 GeV/c2. A new run started in March 2011, and more than 200 live days of WIMP-search data have been acquired. Results of this second run are expected to be released in summer 2012.
A structured methodology for open-market evolutionary development

At the cusp of the current revolution is the idea that traditional information stovepipes should be dismantled and replaced with a dynamic and distributed information universe, allowing people, systems, and ideas to flow freely among and across organizational boundaries. Quietly fueling this collaborative revolution are so-called service oriented architectures (SOAs) - those in which the capabilities of the system are exposed via Web Services and made available to the network. The open market evolutionary development (OMED) model is a template that defines a community-driven standards body by providing a marketplace for the creation and use of Web service interface standards. These standards ensure the interoperability and compatibility of services within a SOA. The OMED template defines: (1) a demand-driven economy around which Web Service interface specifications are defined and maintained; (2) the mechanism that ensures a balance between stability and innovation; and (3) the process by which the community operates.
Impact of weight bias and stigma on quality of care and outcomes for patients with obesity

The objective of this study was to critically review the empirical evidence from all relevant disciplines regarding obesity stigma in order to (i) determine the implications of obesity stigma for healthcare providers and their patients with obesity and (ii) identify strategies to improve care for patients with obesity. We conducted a search of Medline and PsychInfo for all peer-reviewed papers presenting original empirical data relevant to stigma, bias, discrimination, prejudice and medical care. We then performed a narrative review of the existing empirical evidence regarding the impact of obesity stigma and weight bias for healthcare quality and outcomes. Many healthcare providers hold strong negative attitudes and stereotypes about people with obesity. There is considerable evidence that such attitudes influence person-perceptions, judgment, interpersonal behaviour and decision-making. These attitudes may impact the care they provide. Experiences of or expectations for poor treatment may cause stress and avoidance of care, mistrust of doctors and poor adherence among patients with obesity. Stigma can reduce the quality of care for patients with obesity despite the best intentions of healthcare providers to provide high-quality care. There are several potential intervention strategies that may reduce the impact of obesity stigma on quality of care.
The Equation of Exchange: A Derivation

This paper provides a theoretically plausible model to explain the equation of exchange, deriving it from an agent's utility maximization problem and the profit maximization behavior of a competitive firm. It shows that the marginal propensity to consume is constant, while the average propensity to consume is decreasing as income increases. Supporting the notion that consumption growth is positively related to income growth, it confirms that the marginal propensity to consume has a theoretical basis for modifying velocity, money demand and consumption,given that money demand is inversely related to the interest rate and positively related to income.
Calibration and characterization of the post-launch performance of the visible and near-infrared channels of the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) on board the NOAA-7, -9, and -11 spacecraft

The observed in-orbit degradation in the performance of the visible (channel 1: /spl ap/0.58-0.68 /spl mu/m) and near-infrared (channel 2: /spl ap/0.72-1.1 /spl mu/m) channels of the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) on board the NOAA Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellites has been estimated, using vicarious calibrations over the southeastern Libyan desert (21/spl deg/-23/spl deg/N; 28/spl deg/-29/spl deg/E) which was assumed to be a radiometrically stable calibration target. The annual relative degradation rates, in per cent, for the two channels of the AVHRRs on the NOAA-7, -9, and -11 spacecraft are respectively: 3.6 and 4.3 (NOAA-7); 5.9 and 3.5 (NOAA-9); and 1.2 and 2.0 (NOAA-11). Using the relative degradations, and absolute calibrations of the AVHRR on NOAA-9 spacecraft based on congruent path aircraft/satellite measurements of the upwelling radiance over White Sands, New Mexico (USA), inter-satellite calibration linkages and formulae for the calculation of calibrated radiances/albedos have been developed. The calibrated radiance formulae have been applied to reprocess long-term records of AVHRR-derived geophysical products.
SpotMPI: a framework for auction-based HPC computing using amazon spot instances

The economy of scale offers cloud computing virtually unlimited cost effective processing potentials. Theoretically, prices under fair market conditions should reflect the most reasonable costs of computations. The fairness is ensured by the mutual agreements between the sellers and the buyers. Resource use efficiency is automatically optimized in the process. While there is no lack of incentives for the cloud provider to offer auction-based computing platform, using these volatile platform for practical computing is a challenge for existing programming paradigms. This paper reports a methodology and a toolkit designed to tame the challenges for MPI applications. Unlike existing MPI fault tolerance tools, we emphasize on dynamically adjusted optimal checkpoint-restart (CPR) intervals. We introduce a formal model, then a HPC application toolkit, named SpotMPI, to facilitate the practical execution of real MPI applications on volatile auction-based cloud platforms. Our models capture the intrinsic dependencies between critical time consuming elements by leveraging instrumented performance parameters and publicly available resource bidding histories. We study algorithms with different computing v.s. communication complexities. Our results show non-trivial insights into the optimal bidding and application scaling strategies.
The U.S. car colossus and the production of inequality

The contemporary world is one of restless mobilities, radically morphing physical landscapes, baroque technologies, new forms of governance and subjectivity, and onerous inequalities. The automobile provides vivid insight into all five phenomena as well as into their relationship. I ask how the car-dependent mobility system of the United States not only reflects but also intensively generates the inequalities that characterize U.S. society. I propose that “compulsory consumption” and the automobile's centrality to the current regime of accumulation can help account for this. Theories of inequality and mobility, I suggest, can be adapted to account for the automobile industry's capture of contemporary life. [mobility, transportation, inequality, automobile, regime of accumulation, political economy, United States]
Brief social isolation, pain responsivity, and morphine analgesia in young rats

Vocalizations induced by brief tail-shock were measured in young rats that were either socially or individually housed. A single day of isolation increased tail-shock-induced vocalizations, and in animals isolated 3–4 days, morphine (4 mg/kg) was less effective in reducing vocalizations than in socially housed animals. The data suggest that social contact can sustain endogenous analgesic processes in the body.
Shielding design and analyses of KIPT neutron source facility

Abstract Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) of USA and Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology (KIPT) of Ukraine have been collaborating on the conceptual design development of a neutron source facility. An electron accelerator drives a sub-critical facility (ADS) is used for generating the neutron source. The facility will be utilized for performing basic and applied nuclear researches, producing medical isotopes, and training young nuclear specialists. Monte Carlo code MCNPX has been utilized as the major design tool for the design, due to its capability to transport electrons, photons, and neutrons at high energies. However the ADS shielding calculations with MCNPX need enormous computational resources and the small neutron yield per electron makes sampling difficulty for the Monte Carlo calculations. The high energy electrons ( E > 100 MeV) generate very high energy neutrons and these neutrons dominant the total radiation dose outside the shield. The radiation dose caused by high energy neutrons is ∼3–4 orders of magnitude higher than that of the photons. However, the high energy neutron fraction within the total generated neutrons is very small, which increases the sampling difficulty and the required computational time. To solve these difficulties, the user subroutines of MCNPX are utilized to generate a neutron source file, which record the generated neutrons from the photonuclear reactions caused by electrons. This neutron source file is utilized many times in the following MCNPX calculations for weight windows (importance function) generation and radiation dose calculations. In addition, the neutron source file can be sampled multiple times to improve the statistics of the calculated results. In this way the expensive electron transport calculations can be performed once with good statistics for the different ADS shielding problems. This paper presents the method of generating and utilizing the neutron source file by MCNPX for the ADS shielding calculation and similar accelerator facilities, and the accurate radiation dose analyses outside the shield using modest computational resources.
Health Promotion via Deaf-Friendly Ministries

Deaf community members face many barriers to accessing health information. This paper discusses the feasibility of creating a nationwide network of Deaf-friendly ministries to help disseminate cancer information in American Sign Language (ASL) to the Deaf community. Deaf-friendly ministries (N = 403), identified through Internet searches and one-on-one referrals, were sent up to three mailed invitations to join the network. Over half of the ministries responded, with 191 (47.4 %) of the ministries joining the network, completing a baseline survey and receiving ASL cancer education videos to share with members of their congregation and community. Fifteen (3.7 %) responded that they were not interested or no longer had a Deaf-friendly ministry; the rest did not respond or their invitations were returned as undeliverable. As the program progressed, an additional 238 Deaf-friendly ministries were identified. To date, 61 (25.6 %) agreed to participate after the single invitation that was mailed. This network of Deaf-friendly ministries offers a promising dissemination partner.
Multi-structural variational transition state theory: kinetics of the 1,5-hydrogen shift isomerization of the 1-butoxyl radical including all structures and torsional anharmonicity

We investigate the statistical thermodynamics and kinetics of the 1,5-hydrogen shift isomerization reaction of the 1-butoxyl radical and its reverse isomerization. The partition functions and thermodynamic functions (entropy, enthalpy, heat capacity, and Gibbs free energy) are calculated using the multi-structural torsional (MS-T) anharmonicity method including all structures for three species (reactant, product, and transition state) involved in the reaction. The calculated thermodynamic quantities have been compared to those estimated by the empirical group additivity (GA) method. The kinetics of the unimolecular isomerization reaction was investigated using multi-structural canonical variational transition state theory (MS-CVT) including both multiple-structure and torsional (MS-T) anharmonicity effects. In these calculations, multidimensional tunneling (MT) probabilities were evaluated by the small-curvature tunneling (SCT) approximation and compared to results obtained with the zero-curvature tunneling (ZCT) approximation. The high-pressure-limit rate constants for both the forward and reverse reactions are reported as calculated by MS-CVT/MT, where MT can be ZCT or SCT. Comparison with the rate constants obtained by the single-structural harmonic oscillator (SS-HO) approximation shows the importance of anharmonicity in the rate constants of these reactions, and the effect of multi-structural anharmonicity is found to be very large. Whereas the tunneling effect increases the rate constants, the MS-T anharmonicity decreases them at all temperatures. The two effects counteract each other at temperatures 385 K and 264 K for forward and reverse reactions, respectively, and tunneling dominates at lower temperatures while MS-T anharmonicity has a larger effect at higher temperatures. The multi-structural torsional anharmonicity effect reduces the final reverse reaction rate constants by a much larger factor than it does to the forward ones as a result of the existence of more low-energy structures of the product 4-hydroxy-1-butyl radical than the reactant 1-butoxyl radical. As a consequence there is also a very large effect on the equilibrium constant. The neglect of multi-structural anharmonicity will lead to large errors in the estimation of reverse reaction rate constants.
Taiwan’s Aim-Inhibited Quest for Identity and the China Factor:

The realization of a positive and well-integrated national identity is difficult even under the most favorable circumstances. Korea, Chechen, and the Palestinians are notorious recent examples of n...
Young Children's Recognition of How and When Knowledge Was Acquired

Two experiments investigated young children's understanding of how and when knowledge was acquired. In Experiment 1, thirty 4- and 5-year-olds were shown or told about various toys hidden in distinctive containers in two sessions a week apart. In the second session, children were asked how and when they learned the containers' contents. They more accurately reported how, than when, the information was learned. In Experiment 2, thirty 4- and 5-year-olds were administered similar learning tasks but were additionally asked which information had been known longer. This comparative question elicited more correct responses, comparable to those regarding how learning occurred. Results from these direct comparisons of reports of how and when knowledge was acquired offer resolution to apparent discrepancies in prior empirical reports and contribute to a cogent characterization of children's developing understanding of knowledge acquisition.
Maintenance of habituation by infrequent stimulation.

Abstract In chronic spinal frog, habituation of the integrated EMG produced by 500 constant current footshocks (1–10 mA, 1 msec) presented once every 30 sec ( 1 30 sec) dissipates within 3 hr. Although repeated stimulation once every 30 min ( 1 30 min) has no effect on response amplitude in a fresh preparation, 1 30 min stimulation presented to an habituated animal markedly retards recovery.
Effects of ultrasonic treatment on the efficacy of gentamicin against established Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms

Abstract The effect of simultaneous ultrasonic treatment on the efficacy of gentamicin against planktonic and established biofilm cells of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was investigated. Planktonic cells were treated with 6 or 12 μg ml−1 of gentamicin for 4 h with ultrasonic treatment at three levels of power density (0.2, 2 and 15 mW cm−2). Biofilm cells grown on stainless steel slides in a continuous flow reactor were treated with 30 μg ml−1 of gentamicin and ultrasound. Ultrasound itself at these power levels did not cause cell killing or lysis in planktonic and biofilm cultures. Concentrations of 6 and 12 mg ml−1 gentamicin led to 2.65- and 2.75-log reductions of the surviving fraction in planktonic cultures in the absence of ultrasound. The addition of ultrasound did not show further reduction compared with those without ultrasonication. Gentamicin (30 μg ml−1) caused variable killing in biofilms which ranged from 0.83- to 2.86-log reductions of the surviving fraction without ultrasonication. Gentamicin efficacy measured by the surviving fraction was improved by 0.28-, 1.12- and 0.58-log when coupled with 0.2, 2 and 15 mW cm−2 ultrasonic treatments, respectively. Experimental results indicated that ultrasound modestly improved the efficacy of gentamicin against established P. aeruginosa biofilms.
Soldier intelligence in World Wars I and II.

On the basis of the Army General Classification test a representative sample of 768 World War II white enlisted men was chosen. These men were administered the Wells Revision (form 5) of Army Alpha examination. The scores of these men are compared with World War I norms. The World War II men have significantly higher scores. While the data presented in this study offer no proof, the writer is inclined to interpret them as indicating that the present population is superior in mental test performance to the population of a generation ago, and that a large proportion of this superiority is a consequence of more and better education for more people. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
Chapter 7 - Magnetic Tunnel Junctions and Spin Torques

Publisher Summary This chapter briefly examines the concept magnetic RAM (“MRAM”) and how it is expected to compete with the current high speed data transfer techniques. Magnetic RAM (MRAM) is expected to handle various shortcomings of data transfers, providing instant boot-up capability, with high speed access, low power consumption and high density. Early MRAM devices used magnetic hysteresis to store information. A basic storage mechanism is tied to the magnetic state of a tunnel junction. MRAM does not require any refreshing to maintain the magnetic state of a given bit, once it is magnetized, and hence the memory is non-volatile. Not only does this mean that it retains its memory with the power turned off, but also that there is no need for a constant power supply. A magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) is different from the metallic sandwich structures discussed with regard to the GMR effect. A MTJ consists of two metallic layers, sometimes called electrodes, separated by an insulating layer thin enough to allow some tunneling current. The interest in such devices is at least partly due their potential applications in magnetoresistive random access memory (MRAM) devices and sensors. The chapter discusses the theological aspects of tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR), devices with large TMR values, double barriers, vortex domain structures, spin transfer torques in metallic multilayers, ultra-fast reversal of magnetization, and transistors based on spin orientation. The chapter illustrates two key features of the scattering process. The first is that the spin current along the direction of the magnetization is con-served. The second point is that the reflected and transmitted currents have no transverse components. When combined, these two results show that the spin transfer torque is approximately given by the absorption of the transverse component of the incident spin current.
Mannose7 Glycan Isomer Characterization by IMS-MS/MS Analysis

The isomers of the Man7GlcNAc2 glycan obtained from bovine ribonuclease B have been characterized by ion mobility spectrometry-tandem mass spectrometry (IMS-MS/MS). In these experiments, [Man7 + 2Na]2+ precursors having different mobilities are selected by ion mobility spectrometry and analyzed by MS/MS techniques in an ion trap. The fragmentation spectra obtained for various precursor ions are specific, suggesting the isolation or enrichment of different glycan isomers. One fragment ion with a mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) of 903.8 is found to correspond to the loss of an internal mannose residue of a specific isomer. Extracted fragment ion drift time distributions (XFIDTDs) yield distinctive precursor ion drift time profiles indicating the existence of four separate isomers as proposed previously.
Combined pulmonary stenosis and insufficiency preserves myocardial contractility in the developing heart of growing swine at midterm follow-up

This study was conducted to determine the effects of chronic combined pulmonary stenosis and pulmonary insufficiency (PSPI) on right (RV) and left ventricular (LV) function in young, growing swine....
Resolution of intracranial hypertension after elevation of depressed cranial fracture over the superior sagittal sinus: case report.

OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE: It is common neurosurgical wisdom that depressed cranial fractures (DCFs) over the superior sagittal sinus (SSS) should not be elevated because of the risk of fatal venous hemorrhage. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: A 34-year-old man presented with severe headache and diplopia after a motor vehicle accident. Clinical examination demonstrated severe papilledema and bilateral abducens palsy. Imaging findings demonstrated a DCF over the posterior third of the SSS and absent flow distal to the fracture with dilated cortical venous drainage. INTERVENTION: Conservative treatment with acetazolamide only partially alleviated the patient’s headache and diplopia. Definitive surgical treatment via elevation of the DCF was discussed and decided upon. Twelve days after injury, the patient underwent midline parieto-occipital craniotomy with successful elevation of the DCF off the posterior third of the SSS. Postoperative magnetic resonance venograms revealed restoration of patency in the SSS with reduced tortuosity of cortical veins. The patient’s headache resolved, and his papilledema and diplopia resolved gradually. CONCLUSION: Elevation of DCF over the SSS can be attempted in cases in which favorable bone anatomy and the patient’s clinical condition warrant. This may result in rapid and dramatic resolution of signs and symptoms of secondary intracranial hypertension.
Symposium on ear diseases. I. Sudden deafness and its several treatments

Idiopathic sudden deafness, generally unilateral and always sensorineural, is more common than generally recognized. The site of the lesion producing deafness may be either cochlear or neural (retrocochlear), and it is important to attempt to try to distinguish, by means of audiometric examination, one locus from the other. The causes generally are believed to be either vascular or viral. Recently there is evidence to suggest that the two causes need not be separate or mutually exclusive but, in fact, a viral etiology may cause certain vascular changes that result in a reduced blood flow to the cochlea. There is no consensus concerning proper treatment for sudden deafness and about one-third of the otolaryngologists replying to a questionnaire said they were not certain that any treatment helps; but because the only alternative is no treatment, most physicians will want to offer treatment. A brief plan is given using the site of the lesion as a prognostic and therapeutic guide.
Temporal Evolution of the Electron Diffusion Coefficient in Electrolyte-Filled Mesoporous Nanocrystalline TiO2 Films

Electron transport in electrolyte-filled mesoporous TiO{sub 2}-based solar cells is described quantitatively from the perspective of the continuous-time random walk model. An analytical expression is derived for the time-dependent diffusion coefficient of electrons, which transforms at a characteristic (Fermi) time from strongly time-dependent values (dispersive transport) at short times to relatively time-independent values (nondispersive transport) at long times. At short times, the diffusion coefficient displays a power-law behavior with time. The timescale for the diffusion coefficient to reach its steady-state value is substantially longer than the Fermi time. The Fermi time and the steepness of the distribution of waiting times associated with trap sites have a strong influence on both the steady-state diffusion coefficient of electrons and on the dispersiveness of electron transport. At short timescales, ionic drag, associated with the ambipolar effect, slows electron transport through the TiO{sub 2} matrix, whereas at steady state, transport is trap limited. Decreasing the electron density lowers the steady-state limit of the diffusion coefficient and increases the timescale over which transport is dispersive.
Phenolic constituents of Psammaplysilla

Abstract The cytotoxic extract of Psammaplysilla sp. collected from Tonga contains monobromo tyrosine derivatives, 3-bromo-4-hydroxyphenylacetonitrile (1) which is known and psammaplin A (2) which is the first disulfide to be isolated from a sponge.
Imaging of the paranasal sinuses and in-office CT.

Abstract Since the introduction of functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) in the United States in 1985, the information gained from imaging has proved imperative in understanding regional morphology and guidance of surgical procedures. More than 20 years later, the importance of imaging continues to be the anatomic detail afforded by this technology, the roadmap it provides in planning the surgery, and the morphologic detail it provides in recurrent disease. The latest development in CT technology, cone beam CT instrumentation, may change the way imaging of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses is performed in the future. These topics are discussed in this article.
Inverse problems in fractal construction: moment method solution

Abstract The inverse problem for several classes of fractals in one and two dimensions can be profitably solved via the application of the classical theory of moments. This new perspective leads to important results on the reconstruction process when only a finite number of moments of the fractal measures are known. While discussing the rigorous aspects of the theory, we also implement it via efficient numerical algorithms.
Spherical agglomeration in a conical drum

The spherical agglomeration process is a means of size enlargement in which agitated particles, suspended in a liquid, are bonded together by a second liquid, which will wet the solid surfaces and be immiscible with the suspending medium. A process is described in which agglomeration takes place in a cone shaped vessel, rotating horizontally about its symmetric axis. The cone configuration of the agglomerator imparts a longitudinal impulse to the charge, which is most effective on the largest particles. This causes a size classification within the cone, with the largest agglomerates congregating at the base. The result is the continuous production of uniformly sized, highly spherical pellets. The factors affecting agglomerate growth and size are outlined and discussed. Le procede dit d'agglomeration spherique est un moyen d'accroǐtre les dimensions; dans celui-ci, des particules agitees qui sont en suspension dans un liquide sont liees ensemble par un second liquide qui mouille les surfaces solides, tout en etant non miscible avec le milieu de suspension. On decrit un procede dans lequel une agglomeration se fait dans un vaisseau conique qui tourne horizontalement autour de son axe symetrique. La configuration conique de l'agglomerateur imprime une impulsion longitudinale ala charge qui affecte surtout les plus grosses particules; cela a pour effet de produire dans le cǒne un classement par grosseur les agglomerate les plus gros se rassemblant ala base. Il en resulte une production continue de pastilles fortement spherique et de dimensions uniformes. On expose et discute les facteurs qui influent sur la croissance et les dimensions des agglomerats.
The SCRATCHPAD power series package

The power series package recently added to SCRATCHPAD differs in a number of important ways from the truncated power series facilities provided by various other algebra systems. This note is intended to highlight and attempt to justify some of these differences, and suggest how the existing system could be extended. A more formal description of the algorithms is in preparation.
A Counselor Education Program for Intern Physicians.

In recent years it has been estimated that from 30 percent to 50 percent of the medical complaints brought to the family or general practice physician are functional in nature and may be psychosocial in origin (Harmon, Masuda & Holmes 1970). While chemotherapy may be appropriate for the patient with acute situational anxiety and psychiatric consultation may be appropriate for the severely neurotic or psychotic patient, the family practice physician has few remedies for the patient with chronic aches and pains, housewife syndrome, middle-age depression, businessman's fatigue, and a host of other quasimedical complaints.
Apprehension and Effective Writing in the Principalship.

Despite the emphasis placed on written communication in the leadership role, many well-educated professionals are inefficient and ineffective writers. Even effective school administrators find writing a difficult task. Yet the skill is essential for success.
Lanthanide-doped nanoparticles for hybrid X-ray/optical imaging

Some lanthanide-doped nanoparticles can absorb X-ray radiation and emit in the visible to near infrared spectrum via a down-conversion mechanism, making them a potentially valuable agent for in vivo imaging studies. We have studied a series of Gd 3+ and Eu 3+ compositions in lanthanide fluorides to optimize the emission from Eu 3+ upon X-ray excitation. The optimum concentration of Eu 3+ that produced the most intense emission in NaGdF 4 was found to be 15% molar concentration. The impact of the crystallographic phases (i.e. cubic or hexagonal) on the optical emission was investigated. Furthermore, an attempt to include a sensitizer (i.e Ce 3+ ) in NaGdF 4 :Eu resulted in a reduction in the emission following X-ray excitation. A surface coating of NaGdF 4 :Eu nanoparticles with a gold shell showed a similar decrease in luminescence intensity by a factor of two although the gold shell offers other advantages in biomedical applications.
DynaMax+ ground-tracking algorithm

In this paper, we propose a new method for performing ground-tracking using ground-penetrating radar (GPR). Ground-tracking involves identifying the air-ground interface, which is usually the dominant feature in a radar image but frequently is obscured or mimicked by other nearby elements. It is an important problem in landmine detection using vehicle-mounted systems because antenna motion, caused by bumpy ground, can introduce distortions in downtrack radar images, which ground-tracking makes it possible to correct. Because landmine detection is performed in real-time, any algorithm for ground-tracking must be able to run quickly, prior to other, more computationally expensive algorithms for detection. In this investigation, we first describe an efficient algorithm, based on dynamic programming, that can be used in real-time for tracking the ground. We then demonstrate its accuracy through a quantitative comparison with other proposed ground-tracking methods, and a qualitative comparison showing that its ground-tracking is consistent with human observations in challenging terrain.
Critical occlusion via biofilm induced calcite precipitation in porous media

A model for biofilm induced calcite precipitation with pressure driven flow is presented at the scale of a single pore within a porous medium. The system, an extension of previous work (Zhang and Klapper 2010 Water Sci. Technol. 61 2957–64, Zhang and Klapper 2011 Int. J. Non-Linear Mech. 46 657–66), is based on a mixture model including biomaterial, mineral, and water with dissolved components. Computational results suggest the possibility of critical occlusion in the sense that there is a distinguished trans-pore pressure head such that for pressure drops below this level, pore clogging occurs relatively quickly while for pressure drops above, clogging occurs after much longer times if at all. Beyond its relevance to engineered biofilm applications, this phenomenon is suggestive of the subtleties of embedding simple biofilm models in larger media.
Inter-metropolitan airport substitution by consumers in an asymmetrical airfare environment: Harrisburg, Philadelphia and Baltimore

Abstract Airfares vary significantly over space, and can even vary substantially between airports in relatively close proximity with one another. With the spread of various Web tools, consumers are armed with more information than ever to assess fare and service differences between competing airlines and competing airports. This leads to the possibility of airport substitution for particular routes. Linear regression models are developed that suggest, despite the 70–90 mile distance, that passenger substitution may be occurring from Harrisburg and Philadelphia to Baltimore based as a result of differential fares, low-fare service, and other factors.
A Method for Teaching Enzyme Kinetics to Nonscience Majors

Enzyme kinetics is an essential part of any proper chemistry education, especially in health care fields such as nursing. Unfortunately, few quality methods for teaching the concepts to nonscience majors have yet been developed. Herein is described the modification of an existing active-learning teaching method with a conceptual basis for teaching enzyme kinetics to nonscience majors. The materials are readily available and the method is both facile and engaging.
New Diallelic Markers in the HLA Region of Chromosome 6

Abstract ABSTRACT: Diallelic polymorphisms have been identified in the HLA-H gene and the ZNF192 gene located about 2 megabases centromeric to HLA-H. The three polymorphic sites in HLA-H together with the two hemochromatosis mutations in this gene give rise to 8 different haplotypes. The three polymorphic sites in ZNF192 give rise to 4 different haplotypes. The haplotypes in HLA-H are in complete linkage disequilibrium with the two common mutations in that gene, 845A (C282Y) and 187G (H63D). The 845A mutation is in weak linkage disequilibrium with the ZNF192 polymorphisms and the 187G mutation appears to be in equilibrium with this polymorphism. The 187G mutation therefore appears to be the older of the two HLA-H mutations.
Electron identification using a synchrotron radiation detector

Abstract A xenon filled multiwire proportional chamber was used to detect synchrotron radiation from high energy electrons traversing the field of a standard spectrometer magnet. Signals from the chamber were used to achieve an electron trigger with a pion rejection of ∼ 17 and an average electron detection efficiency of 81%. Off-line analysis of the chamber signals increased the pion rejection to 59 with an electron efficiency of 77%.
Relationship between the Weight of Chicks and Levels of Dietary Free Gossypol Supplied by Different Cottonseed Products

Abstract THE use of cottonseed meals as sources of protein in the diets of growing chickens is increasing, at least partly because they frequently are cheaper than other protein concentrates and recent investigations have led to improvement in their nutritive value. However, because of the toxic properties of gossypol, a component of the pigment glands of cottonseed, the quantity of a cottonseed meal that can be used advantageously in the diet of growing chickens may depend on the quantity of gossypol the meal supplies to the diet. It seems unnecessary in this paper to mention more than a few pertinent references to the literature on the toxicity of gossypol. Withers and Carruth (1915) were apparently the first to report a correlation between a decrease in the amount of gossypol that could be extracted from cottonseed with diethyl ether and an improvement in the nutritive value of the cooked seed. As a …
Proton affinities of N-heterocyclic carbene super bases.

The gas-phase proton affinity of the N-heterocyclic carbene, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazol-2-ylidene, was determined to be 251.3 ± 4 kcal/mol using the kinetic method, a value which makes the carbene one of the strongest bases reported thus far. Density functional theory calculations have been carried out at the B3LYP/6-31+G(d) level to compare the high experimental value with that estimated theoretically. Experimental results also show that two other N-heterocyclic carbenes with larger substituents have even higher proton affinities.
Menstruation across time : Menarche, menstrual attitudes, experiences, and behaviors

This study explored the relationship between early and current menstrual experiences. The primary hypothesis was that women who reported positive menarcheal experiences (including menstrual education and menarche) would tend to report positive current menstrual attitudes, experiences, and/or behaviors, and vice versa for women who reported negative menarcheal experiences. In this survey-based study, college-aged women (n = 327) were screened by completing a questionnaire concerning their menarcheal experiences. Women who had extremely negative ("negative group," n = 46) or extremely positive ("positive group," n = 38) early menstrual experiences returned to complete questionnaires concerning current menstrual attitudes, experiences, and behaviors. Early and current menstrual experiences were most strongly associated in the domain of menstrual attitudes. Women in the negative group reported more negative menstrual attitudes than did women in the positive group. There were additional associations between early menstrual experiences and measures of body image and health behaviors. Positive group participants reported more positive body image and better general health behaviors. Results suggest that early menstrual experiences may be related to menstrual experiences later in life. This study invites further investigation of the psychology of menstruation and suggests connecting menstruation with other women's health issues.
Negative laparoscopy is highly predictive of negative second-look laparotomy following chemotherapy for ovarian, tubal, and primary peritoneal carcinoma.

Objective. To determine the negative predictive value of second-look laparoscopy compared to laparotomy for assessment of pathologic complete response (CR) in patients with epithelial ovarian, tubal, and peritoneal carcinoma who achieved a clinical CR. Methods. Data were analyzed from patients who participated in two sequential phase II clinical trials following primary cytoreductive surgery. Both trials required surgical evaluation for pathologic CR in those patients who achieved clinical CR. Protocol specified that assessment begin with laparoscopy; if negative, conversion to laparotomy was required. Collection of peritoneal washings was performed laparoscopically. Results. One hundred thirty-six patients entered the 2 sequential clinical trials. Ninety-nine patients achieved clinical CR and 95 underwent second-look surgery (SLO). Seventy patients began SLO with laparoscopy and converted to planned laparotomy after biopsies were negative. Eighteen cases were positive based on laparoscopy with frozen section. Five additional patients had peritoneal washings and/or permanent pathology positive based on laparoscopic findings, yielding a positive SLO rate of 32.9%. Four of the 52 patients who underwent laparotomy (7.7%) were found to have persistent disease that was not detected on laparoscopic biopsy or washings and represent false-negative laparoscopy; all four patients had disease at peritoneal-based sites. The sensitivity and negative predictive value for intraoperative diagnosis of persistent disease by laparoscopy were 66.6% and 82.7%, respectively. The sensitivity and negative predictive value of laparoscopic peritoneal biopsies and washings compared to laparotomy, as determined by final pathology, were 85.2% and 91.5%, respectively. Conclusion. A negative second-look laparoscopy with negative peritoneal pathology and cytology is 91.5% predictive of negative laparotomy and is associated with a low complication rate even in the setting of prior extensive cytoreductive surgery. The small increase in sensitivity and negative predictive value afforded by laparotomy does not warrant the increased morbidity.
An incomplete list of eminent psychologists of the modern era.

In the present paper, we analyzed citation impact, textbook citations, and major scientific awards to identify eminent psychologists of modern era (Post-World War II). Identifying these individuals serves educational, administrative, and scholarly purposes. Readers can more readily identify the psychologists who have made the most impact on the profession, as well as the type of contributions that receive recognition. In addition, young researchers can learn what is required if they want to achieve eminence. Finally, our analysis helps pinpoint imbalances in need of change, for example gender and ethnic disparities.
Diabetic foot osteomyelitis: Bone markers and treatment outcomes

Aims Novel bone turnover markers could help with the diagnosis and monitoring of osteomyelitis patients. We compared levels of two bone turnover markers, serum amino-terminal telopeptides (NTx) and bone alkaline phosphatase (BAP), in diabetic patients with and without osteomyelitis.
Constructing timing-based covert channels in mobile networks by adjusting CPU frequency

We have identified a novel wireless covert timing channel (WCTC) that could be used by malware to exfiltrate data from mobile devices. We introduce the WCTC by demonstrating its ability to transmit data covertly: (1) across existing network services, (2) across ICMP pings, and (3) via a trojanized chat application. The WCTC is implemented by manipulating the Android operating system's CPU on the client end to modulate network traffic emitted from the mobile device by purposely adjusting the CPU's speed to send a binary 1 or 0. The data is recovered and deciphered on the receiving end by applying a simple threshold to the average inter-packet spacing of a fixed number of packets within a bit stream sent by the client. To our knowledge, there only exists intrusive methods to defeat this type of channel. We characterize this potential threat by determining: (1) its channel capacity, (2) the accuracy of its data transmission, (3) the effects of network hops on its accuracy, and (4) the minimum mobile device signal strength required to maintain 90% or better message recovery.
Vector algebra on a lattice

Prescriptions are introduced for the operations of vector algebra on a random lattice. Some vector identities are preserved exactly. Others receive new terms, described as evanescent because they vanish in the continuum limit.