cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Non-cooperative monopolistic games and monopolistic market games

A class of non-cooperative games is discussed in which one player (“the monopolist”) by choosing his strategy restricts the other players to subsets of their strategy sets. Examples of such games in various fields are given. In particular it is shown that some very important economic situations fall within this class of games. A solution concept is defined and sufficient conditions for its existence are derived.
Linear polymers of allyl acrylate and allyl methacrylate

Allyl acrylate and allyl methacrylate were polymerized by anionic initiators to soluble linear polymers containing allyl groups in the pendant side chains. The pendant unpolymerized allyl groups of the resulting linear poly(allyl acrylates) were shown to be present by: (1) the disappearance of the acrylyl and methacrylyl double bond absorptions in the infrared spectra in the conversions of monomers to polymers; (2) postbromination of the allyl bonds in the linear polymer; (3) the disappearance of the allyl groups absorptions in the infrared spectra of the brominated linear polymers; and (4) the thermal- and radical-initiated crosslinking of the linear polymers through the allyl groups. Allyl acrylate and allyl methacrylate show great reluctance to copolymerize with styrene under anionic initiation, but copolymerize readily with methyl methacrylate and acrylonitrile. Block copolymers were prepared by reacting allyl methacrylate with preformed polystyrene and poly(methyl methacrylate) anions. The linear polymers and copolymers of allyl acrylate may be classified as “self-reactive” polymers which yield thermosetting polymers. Bromination of the linear polymers offers a convenient method of producing self-extinguishing polymers.
Performance of polymeric membranes treating ozonated surface water: Effect of ozone dosage

Abstract Ozonation may have a significant impact on downstream water treatment unit processes. In this study, the effect of pre-ozonation of the feed surface water on the flux and rejection performance of polymeric nanofiltration (NF) and ultrafiltration (UF) membranes was investigated. The fouling and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) rejection characteristics of the membranes were found to depend on the ozonation dosage. In UF experiments, the DOC rejection was relatively low (11–26%) and was found to increase slightly with an increase in the ozone dosage. The increase in rejection with the ozone dosage was interpreted to stem from the higher polarity of ozonated NOM constituting the DOC-rejecting fouling layer. The propensity of the feed water to foul UF membranes increased with ozone dosage but the increase was statistically significant only at 82% confidence interval. In NF experiments, the increase in ozone dosage led to a statistically significant increase in the permeate flux while rejection remained consistently above 92%. The combined pore blockage-cake filtration model was applied to interpret NF flux data in terms of the dominant fouling mechanisms. Pore blockage, cake filtration and a transition regime were identified. Although pre-ozonation led to the formation of NF membrane cakes with higher specific resistance, the overall added hydraulic resistance due to fouling was lowered apparently due to a decrease in cake thickness.
The influences of the black Panther Party (USA) on the vanguard party of the Bahamas (1972–1987)

Abstract In 1972 in Nassau, Bahamas, the Vanguard Nationalist and Socialist Party (VNSP) was founded by a multi‐class group of Bahamians to fight the corruption, victimization, and denial of democratic rights that the mostly Black Progressive Liberal Party (PLP) was practicing against Bahamians of all races, colors and creeds who opposed them. The PLP had won power in 1967 from a White minority controlled party called the United Bahamian Party (UBP), which was the political instrument of this racial group that controlled the Black majority for nearly 300 years. After initially addressing the needs of the masses by building schools, opening access to credit, liberalizing the civil service and so on, approximately three years into its first term (five years) the PLP rulers started carrying out shady deals with foreign investors and casino operators, made the civil service a patronage nest, stifled free expression, and used government contracts to benefit their supporters. From 1972 to 1987, the Vanguard Par...
A DNA polymerase activity with characteristics of a reverse transcriptase in Podospora anserina.

In the filamentous ascomycete fungus Podospora anserina, senescence is associated with dramatic changes of the juvenile mitochondrial genome. During senescence specific regions of the non-senescent genome are excised, ligated and amplified as a plasmid. In this paper, we report our studies on nuclear-mitochondrial extracts for the presence of RNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity (reverse transcriptase). In so-called middle aged mycelia of race A, we detected a DNA polymerase possessing properties of a reverse transcriptase. It prefers the ribopolymer templates poly(rA)-oligo(dT)12–18 and poly(rCm)-oligo(dG)12–18 over the deoxypolymer template poly(dA)-oligo(dT)12–18. It also uses natural rabbit globin mRNA as a template. The enzymatic activity can clearly be distinguished from a second DNA polymerase activity found in the same extracts of both young and middle aged mycelia.
Information Security, Privacy and Confidentiality National Science Foundation's Past and Current Funding Profile and Future Opportunities

Summary form only given. National Science Foundation (NSF) has a long-standing interest in protecting, enhancing and evaluating information security, privacy and confidentiality in information systems. The interest is broad including new architectures, algorithms, data collection and evaluation methods. All these are in recognition of newly emerging environments and applications (e.g. pervasive computing, mobile, sensor and distributed databases, discovery and handling of future threats), newly emerging requirements and increasing public interest in this topic. This paper discusses NSF's past and current funding profile and future funding opportunities for secure information systems research
Morality Special: Right and wrong in the brain

Neuroscientists are beginning to decode the neural correlates of morality, says Patricia Churchland
Electrochemical investigations of immunologically reactive procainamide metabolites.

Abstract As a result of the implication of N -oxidized procainamide metabolites in drug-related lupus (DRL), the electrochemical behaviour of these compounds was investigated and a coulometric synthesis of the nitroso derivative developed using a previously described carbon packed bed bulk electrolysis flow cell. The electrochemical characterization of the parent p -substituted aromatic amine and the N -oxidized derivatives was achieved through systematic comparison with previously well described aromatic amine and nitro systems using cyclic voltammetry and liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection (LC-EC). Chromatographically assisted hydrodynamic voltammetry indicated current limiting plateau potentials of 0.45 and −0.2 V versus Ag/AgCl, respectively, for synthetically prepared procainamide hydroxylamine and electrolytically prepared nitrosoprocainamide. Reaction characterization and binding behaviour is described for each of the procainamide metabolites following in vitro incubations with cysteine, glutathione, ascorbic acid and mouse haemoglobin.
Partition of hematite in the Triton X-100/Dextran aqueous biphase system

Abstract The principle behind the partition of inorganic particles in aqueous biphase systems is the physicochemical interaction between the solid surface and the surrounding liquid solution. This study demonstrates that many factors, such as hydrophilic/hydrophobic properties, polymer–solid specific interaction, and electrostatic effects, may influence the partition of metal oxides in aqueous biphase systems. In the Triton X-100/dextran/water system, hematite stays in the bottom dextran-rich phase under all pH conditions. This behavior is attributable to the hydrophilic nature of the solid surface and the strong interaction between dextran and ferric oxide. Anionic surfactants, e.g., sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) or sodium oleate, have no effect on the solids partition; on the other hand, the cationic surfactant dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTAB) is able to transfer the particles from the bottom to the top phase at high pH. Based on adsorption experiments, it is proposed that electrostatic interactions between the mixed micelles in the top phase and the particle surface play a dominant role in controlling the solids distribution.
Resolving discrepancies between LEED and STM through ab initio calculations: Surface and bonding of sulfur on Mo(110)

The adsorption of sulfur at 0.5 ML in both $c(2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}2)$ and ${[}_{1}^{2}{}_{1}^{2\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}}]$ configurations on the Mo(110) surface is studied using the density-functional, pseudopotential method with a plane-wave basis and a seven-layer slab geometry in conjunction with scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and low-energy electron diffraction (LEED) experiments. The sulfur adatoms are placed in different possible binding sites in order to determine the most favorable adsorption site. The ${[}_{1}^{2}{}_{1}^{2\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}}]$ overlayer is more stable than the $c(2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}2)$ by 0.31 eV, in agreement with experiment. The greater stability of the ${[}_{1}^{2}{}_{1}^{2\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}}]$ structure is attributed to differences in metal-metal bonding. Sulfur is predicted to adsorb at a low-symmetry position near the long-bridge site; the long-bridge site is slightly less favorable in energy. Simulated STM images of the sulfur-covered surface are constructed, and found to model well the experimental images. We find that the bright areas in the calculated STM images do not necessarily correspond to the position of the sulfur atoms, which explains the difference between the LEED pattern and the experimentally observed STM images.
Salience of visual parts

Many objects have component parts, and these parts often differ in their visual salience. In this paper we present a theory of part salience. The theory builds on the minima rule for defining part boundaries. According to this rule, human vision defines part boundaries at negative minima of curvature on silhouettes, and along negative minima of the principal curvatures on surfaces. We propose that the salience of a part depends on (at least) three factors: its size relative to the whole object, the degree to which it protrudes, and the strength of its boundaries. We present evidence that these factors influence visual processes which determine the choice of figure and ground. We give quantitative definitions for the factors, visual demonstrations of their effects, and results of psychophysical experiments. ©1997 Elsevier Science B.V.
Gene expression patterns in experimental colitis in IL-10-deficient mice.

While others have described gene expression patterns in humans with inflammatory bowel diseases and animals with chemically-induced colitis, a genome-wide comparison of gene expression in genetically susceptible animals that develop spontaneous colitis has not been reported. We used microarray technology to compare gene expression profiles in cecal specimens from specific pathogen-free IL10-deficient (IL10−/−) mice with colitis and normal wild-type (WT) mice. RNA isolated from ceca of IL10−/− and WT mice was subjected to microarray analysis. Results were confirmed by real-time PCR and immunofluorescence microscopy of selected molecules. Expression of the selected genes in DSS-treated mice with colitis and epithelial cell lines activated with pathophysiologic stimuli was measured by real-time PCR. Histological inflammation of the colon and IL-12/23p40 secretion from intestinal explants were greater in IL10−/− and DSS-treated mice vs. WT and untreated mice. Microarray analysis demonstrated >10-fold induction of the following molecules in the ceca of IL10−/− mice: Mitochondrial ribosomal protein-L33, aquaporin-4, indoleamine-pyrrole-2,3- dioxygenase, and MHC class II with 63, 25, 20, and 12-fold increases, respectively. Cytochrome-P450, pancreatic lipase-related protein-2, and transthyretin were down-regulated in IL10−/− mice. MHC II was increased throughout the colon, and aquaporin-4 was increased in the basolateral aspect of cecal epithelial cells. MHC II mRNA was increased in epithelial cells treated with IFNγ, but not TNF or Toll-like receptor ligands. Although most upregulated genes in experimental colitis are immune-related, aquaporin-4 and mitochondrial ribosomal protein, which have not been previously associated with inflammation, were most highly upregulated.
SINGLE-FRAME SUPER-RESOLUTION BY INFERENCE FROM LEARNED FEATURES

Super-resolution is the creation of higher resolution views of pixel-based images through interpolation between the original pixels. Greater super-resolution can be achieved by taking advantage of local regularities inherent in natural images. In this paper, to learn regularities, we make use of the recently proposed SINBAD model of how the cerebral cortical network learns regularities by discovering regularity-simplifying environmental features [5, 14]. Using the regularities discovered with the SINBAD approach, we were able to predict more accurately the interpolated pixels from the ones in the original image and were able to generate visually plausible fine spatial details in the expanded image
Adjustment of lamb birth and weaning weights for continuous effects of ewe age

Procedures for continuous adjustment of lamb birth and weaning weights for effects of ewe age were developed using 18 747 birth and 13 139 weaning weight records of Polypay sheep enrolled in the US National Sheep Improvement Program. Changes in birth and weaning weights across ewe age groups were modelled using hybrid curves that combined asymptotic regression models to describe initial increases in lamb weight as ewes moved into adulthood with secondorder polynomials to describe declines in lamb weights in older ewes. Lamb birth and weaning weights were highest (and the asymptotic and polynomial forms comprising the hybrid curves intersected) at ewe ages of 76 and 52 months, respectively. Across all ewe ages, hybrid curves were superior to second- and third-order polynomials in goodness of fit, producing a parabolic form with a flat top and different decay rates on either side of the ewe ages corresponding to maximum lamb weights. Fourth- and fifth-degree polynomials were equivalent to hybrid curves in goodness of fit, but generally did not produce reasonable predictions for the oldest ewes. Adjustment factors derived from the hybrid curve predicted that lamb birth weight would increase from 76% of maximum in 11-month-old ewes to 90 and 96% of maximum in 24- and 36-month-old ewes, respectively, and then decline to 97% of maximum at 105 months. For weaning weight, 83, 95, 99, and 93% of maximum lamb weight were attained at ewe ages of 11, 24, 36, and 105 months, respectively. Resulting multiplicative adjustment factors avoid discontinuities at boundaries between ewe age categories and are particularly useful in accelerated or other multiple-season lambing systems.
Making Leadership Work More Effectively for Women

This article explores strategies for enhancing women's effectiveness as leaders by first recognizing that leadership itself is gendered and is enacted within a gendered context, two themes that recur throughout this issue. These contexts exist along a continuum ranging from male-dominated, hierarchical, performance-oriented, power-expressive and thus masculinized contexts at one extreme to transformational contexts that stress the empowerment of followers at the other pole. Each context suggests different strategies for making women leaders effective, emphasizing women-specific recommendations in masculinized contexts that focus on status enhancement and the legitimation of women leaders in contrast to innovative contexts with broader task goals that prove more congenial for women, as well as men, leaders.
On the certification of cadmium at trace and ultratrace levels in standard reference materials using ID ICP-MS

Analytical methods used for the isotope dilution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometric (ID-ICP-MS) measurement of Cd at μg kg−1 and sub-μg kg−1 levels are described and applied to the certification of new dietary supplement, blood, and serum Standard Reference Materials (SRMs). The materials are: SRM 3240 Ephedra sinica Stapf Aerial Parts, SRM 3241 Ephedra sinica Stapf Native Extract, SRM 3243 Ephedra-Containing Solid Oral Dosage Form, SRM 3244 Ephedra-Containing Protein Powder, SRM 966 Toxic Metals in Bovine Blood, Level 1 (L1) and Level 2 (L2), and SRM 1598a Animal Serum. The concentration of Cd in the materials ranges from 120 μg kg−1 down to 0.03 μg kg−1. At these levels, the factors that most influence the accuracy of the ICP-MS data are the procedure blank and spectral and nonspectral interferences. Nonspectral interference, caused by the high concentration of dissolved solids in the matrices investigated, resulted in signal suppression. Matrix separation was used to enhance signal intensity and to reduce spectral interference for the accurate determination of Cd in SRM 1598a and SRM 3244. Chromatographic separation procedures using Chelex for SRM 1598a and anion exchange for SRM 3244 were optimized to achieve the desired separation characteristics without substantially increasing the procedure blank. Sensitivity for the determination of Cd in serum was additionally enhanced through the use of desolvation nebulization. We determined that separations were not required for the accurate ICP-MS determination of Cd in SRM 3240, SRM 3241, SRM 3243, and SRM 966 L2 under optimized analysis conditions. These samples were diluted to a minimum volume and introduced to the ICP-MS via low flow (40–100 μL/min) microconcentric nebulizers. SRM 966 L1 was also analyzed directly, but results were highly variable. The ID-ICP-MS sample preparation and ratio measurement protocols described here resulted in total expanded uncertainties of less than 1% for the determination of 90.85 μg kg−1 Cd in SRM 3240, and less than 10% total expanded uncertainty for the determination of 0.0468 μg kg−1 Cd in SRM 1598a.
Evaluation of quantitative bacterial counts as an aid in the treatment of wounds in the horse.

Summary Bacterial quantification was evaluated in 15 cases as a means of wound assessment. This study suggests that bacterial quantification may be used as an aid in the evaluation of treatment procedures and wound preparation in veterinary surgery. Resume Une evaluation bacterienne quantifiee a ete faite dans 15 cas cliniques de blessures. Cette etude donne a penser que la quantification bacterienne peut etre utile pour choisir les methodes de traitement des plaies en medecine veterinaire. Zusammenfassung Zur Beurteilung von Wunden wurden in funfzehn Fallen eine quantitative, bakteriologische Untersuchung durchgefuhrt. Diese Studie lasst vermuten, dass die Quantifizierung bei der Beurteilung von Behandlungsverfahren und der Wundvorbereitung in der Chirurgie nutzlich sein konnte.
Race Concepts in Medicine

Confusions about the place of race in medicine result in part from a failure to recognize the plurality of race concepts. Recognition that the ordinary concept of race is not identical to the racialist concept of race makes it possible to ask whether there might be a legitimate place for the deployment of concepts of race in medical contexts. Two technical race concepts are considered. The concept of social race is the concept of a social group that is taken to be a racialist race. It is apt for use in examining and addressing the medical effects of discrimination. The populationist concept of race represents race as a kind of biological population. It makes it possible to frame the question whether biological race is a factor in disease susceptibility and drug responsiveness. It is apt for use in determining whether biological race is a medically significant category.
Trajectories of linguistic variation: Emergence of a dialect

Investigations into dialect emergence are most often based on data from manuscripts and on comparative and internal reconstructions. Seldom does the opportunity arise to monitor the selection of competing norms during the emergence stage because the data to postulate the linguistic marketplace (and hence to know what forms were likely to have been in competition) are unavailable. The case of dialect emergence in Thyboron, Denmark, over the past century offers just this rare opportunity. A historical demographic profile from the town's census data, dating back to its inception in the 1890s, enables a comparative analysis of the input dialects and variable linguistic forms that were in competition. It is possible to trace the linguistic and social variables at play during the emergence stage of this new dialect, following the tradition of research by Omdal (1977), Dorian (1981), Trudgill (1986), and Kerswill (1994b), among others. The findings contribute to an explanatory model of dialect emergence and transformation.
The impact of optics on data and knowledge base systems

The authors assess the possible impact of optics on database and knowledge base systems, focusing on storage, interconnection, and processing. Various types of optical disks and page-oriented holographic memories are discussed. In the interconnection section, data communication is discussed at a variety of levels. Under processing, applications involving optical content addressable memories, optical data/knowledge base machines, and optics applied to full text processing will be optoelectronic, with easy technology providing its strength to the problem under consideration. It is noted that optical interconnection is superior to electronic interconnection in many cases and that the rapid advance of optical storage holds the potential of hundreds of megabytes per second data rates from a single storage unit. It is noted that optical processing holds considerable promise but lags behind primarily because digital optical device development is in its infancy. >
Effect of Diabetes, Insulin, Starvation, and Refeeding on the Level of Rat Hepatic Fructose 2,6-Bisphosphate

The influence of alloxan diabetes and starvation for 72 h on the level of rat hepatic fructose 2,6-bisphosphate was investigated. Both diabetes and starvation decreased the level to 10% of the value found in livers of normal, fed rats (10 nmol/g liver). The activity of the enzyme responsible for the synthesis of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate, 6-phosphofructo 2-kinase, was also decreased in livers of diabetic rats. Insulin administration for 24 h to diabetic rats restored the level of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate to normal. Refeeding a high carbohydrate diet for 24 h to starved rats resulted in fructose 2,6-bisphosphate levels that were 2.5-fold higher than that in livers of fed rats. The level of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate in diabetes and starvation, and after refeeding correlates well with the rate of glycolysis and gluconeogenesis in these states and thereby provides further support for its role in regulating hepatic carbohydrate metabolism.
A review of stata 2.1

STATA 2.1 offers state-of-the-art data management features and statistical procedures capable of handling very large data sets. Its graphics capabilities are excellent as well. Although the package performs a respectable array of econometrics procedures quickly and easily, its menu of available techniques is relatively weak compared to existing econometrics packages. However, since STATA plans a new release to be aimed at the econometrics market, this shortcoming could be mitigated substantially in future versions.
Development and pollination regulated accumulation and glycosylation of a stylar transmitting tissue-specific proline-rich protein

The extracellular matrix of stylar transmitting tissues of many angiosperms is enriched in secretory materials that are believed to be important for interactions with pollen tubes. We have previously characterized two related cDNAs (TTS-1 and TTS-2) for stylar transmitting tissue-specific proline-rich proteins (TTS proteins) from Nicotiana tabacum. We show here that TTS proteins are highly glycosylated proteins with apparent molecular masses ranging between 50 and 100 kD. Results from chemical and enzymatic deglycosylation suggest that TTS proteins have N-linked glycosyl groups, and the extensive glycosylation most probably has resulted from modifications at the proline residues. TTS proteins are localized to the intercellular regions between neighboring transmitting tissue cells, the space in which pollen tubes elongate as they migrate from the stigma toward the ovary. TTS mRNA and protein levels are regulated during pistil development and by pollination. The levels of TTS mRNAs and proteins increase with flower development and reach the maximal levels as flowers approach anthesis. These maximal levels are maintained in the styles for at least 3 to 4 days after pollination, during which time pollen tubes elongate and reach the ovary. Spatially, TTS mRNAs and proteins accumulate first in the stigmatic end of young styles, and their levels progressively increase toward the basal end as pistils mature. Pollination stimulates the levels of TTS mRNAs and proteins in hand-pollinated young styles, which normally accumulate relatively low levels of these TTS gene products. Pollination also qualitatively affects TTS mRNAs and proteins. In pollinated styles, TTS mRNAs are shorter than those in unpollinated styles and underglycosylated TTS protein species begin to accumulate. The elaborate regulatory mechanisms governing TTS mRNAs and proteins during development and by pollination strongly suggest that these proteins may play a functional role in the process of pollination.
Anti-tubulin monoclonal antibodies that bind to specific neurons in Caenorhabditis elegans

We have identified 2 anti-tubulin monoclonal antibodies that bind to 2 different subpopulations of identified neurons in the simple nervous system of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. The antibodies also recognize specific tubulin isotypes from C. elegans that were separated by isoelectric focusing. Antibody 6-1 1B-1 intensely stained the mechano-sensory neurons ALML, ALMR, PLML, PLMR, PVM, and AVM, plus neuron PVR by indirect immunofluorescence, and it bound to 1 of 2 major alpha-tubulin isotypes separated by iso-electric focusing. The epitope for antibody (Ab) 6-1 1B-1 is acetylated alpha-tubulin (Piperno and Fuller, 1985). Antibody 2-28-33 stained a set of neurons that contain the neurotransmitter GABA. It bound to the 2 major and 1 of the minor beta-tubulin isotypes of C. elegans. These results suggest that specific alpha- and beta-tubulin isotypes are greatly enriched in the subsets of neurons recognized by these antibodies. Most (possibly all) of the neurons in each subset are functionally related. The antibodies should allow us to examine whether specific tubulin isotypes have specific functions in these neurons. They may also be useful for examining neuron morphologies in mutants of C. elegans which affect nerve development.
Hazard evaluation and operational cockpit display of ground-measured windshear data

Low-altitude windshear is the leading weather-related cause of fatal aviation accidents in the U.S. Since 1964, there have been 26 accidents attributed to windshear resulting in over 500 fatalities. Low-altitude windshear can take several forms, including macroscopic forms such as cold-warm gustfronts down to the small, intense downdrafts known as microbursts. Microbursts are particularly dangerous and difficult to detect due to their small size, short duration, and occurrence under both heavy precipitation and virtually dry conditions. For these reasons, the real-time detection of windshear hazards is a very active field of research. Also, the advent of digital ground-to-air datalinks and electronic flight instrumentation opens up many options for implementation of windshear alerts in the terminal area environment. Study is required to determine the best content, format, timing, and cockpit presentation of windshear alerts in the modern ATC environment to best inform the flight crew without significantly increasing crew workload.
Pick your Poiseuille: normalizing the shear stimulus in studies of flow-mediated dilation.

flow-mediated dilation (FMD; the shear-evoked conduit artery dilatory response to a period of tissue ischemia) has emerged as one of the standard noninvasive techniques for assessing endothelial function and predicting the existence and extent of pathological and physiological states ([8][1], [30][2
Communicating Environmental Information to the Public: A New Water Quality Index

(1977). Communicating Environmental Information to the Public: A New Water Quality Index. The Journal of Environmental Education: Vol. 8, No. 4, pp. 18-26.
Invasion of Toxoplasma gondii occurs by active penetration of the host cell

Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular parasite that infects a wide variety of vertebrate cells including macrophages. We have used a combination of video microscopy and fluorescence localization to examine the entry of Toxoplasma into macrophages and nonphagocytic host cells. Toxoplasma actively invaded host cells without inducing host cell membrane ruffling, actin microfilament reorganization, or tyrosine phosphorylation of host proteins. Invasion occurred rapidly and within 25-40 seconds the parasite penetrated into a tight-fitting vacuole formed by invagination of the plasma membrane. In contrast, during phagocytosis of Toxoplasma, extensive membrane ruffling captured the parasite in a loose-fitting phagosome that formed over a period of 2-4 minutes. Phagocytosis involved both reorganization of the host cytoskeleton and tyrosine phosphorylation of host proteins. In some cases, parasites that were first internalized by phagocytosis, were able to escape from the phagosome by a process analogous to invasion. These studies reveal that active penetration of the host cell by Toxoplasma is fundamentally different from phagocytosis or induced endocytic uptake. The novel ability to penetrate the host cell likely contributes to the capability of Toxoplasma-containing vacuoles to avoid endocytic processing.
Solving Additive Compare (AC) Problems

Learning Outcome: Be able to solve mixed AC word problems with the PPW diagram equation Materials Needed: Diagrams Part-Part-Whole (PPW) Diagram Equation Model Posters AC Word Problem (WP) Story Grammar Poster Overhead Modeling Modeling AC Problem Solving 1, 2, 3, and 4 Student Worksheets Modeling AC Problem Solving 1, 2, 3, and 4 Try-It-Out Worksheet–AC problem solving 5 and 6 Independent worksheet–AC problem solving 7, 8, and 9 Reference Guide Reference Guide–AC problem solving 1–9
The effect of magnetic fields on the products of laser ablation

Structures of gold nanoparticles were formed by laser ablation of bulk gold immersed in water. An excimer laser with a wavelength of 351 nm and a pulse energy of 7 mJ was used. Ablation was performed in two configurations: without and with an external 0.2 T magnetic field parallel to the ablation plume. Both configurations result in structures that include chains of aggregated nanoparticles, but to different degrees. Ablation in a magnetic field results in a higher fraction of spherical nanoparticles and shorter nanowires, compared to the nanowire networks formed in the absence of the field. This can be explained by magnetic confinement of the plasma during plume expansion. A model explaining nanowire formation and dependence on fluence and magnetic field is proposed.
Coleridge's Reputation as a Religious Thinker: 1816–1972

Two recent publications that appeared during the Coleridge bi-centennial prompt this bibliographical survey of Coleridge's reputation as a religious thinker. Neither Norman Fruman's Coleridge, The Damaged Archangel nor Rene Wellek's contribution to the latest edition of The English Romantic Poets gives an adequate picture of Coleridge's ideas on religion and the profound effect they had on the English-speaking theological tradition. More concerned with debunking Coleridge's originality, both writers appear generally indifferent and unsympathetic to the large body of Coleridge's later writings that constitute by far the greater part of his canon and are the source of his wide influence on succeeding generations.
Modeling Analysis of Signal Sensitivity and Specificity by Vibrio fischeri LuxR Variants.

The LuxR protein of the bacterium Vibrio fischeri belongs to a family of transcriptional activators that underlie pheromone-mediated signaling by responding to acyl-homoserine lactones (-HSLs) or related molecules. V. fischeri produces two acyl-HSLs, N-3-oxo-hexanoyl-HSL (3OC6-HSL) and N-octanoyl-HSL (C8-HSL), each of which interact with LuxR to facilitate its binding to a “lux box” DNA sequence, thereby enabling LuxR to activate transcription of the lux operon responsible for bioluminescence. We have investigated the HSL sensitivity of four different variants of V. fischeri LuxR: two derived from wild-type strains ES114 and MJ1, and two derivatives of LuxRMJ1 generated by directed evolution. For each LuxR variant, we measured the bioluminescence induced by combinations of C8-HSL and 3OC6-HSL. We fit these data to a model in which the two HSLs compete with each other to form multimeric LuxR complexes that directly interact with lux to activate bioluminescence. The model reproduces the observed effects of HSL combinations on the bioluminescence responses directed by LuxR variants, including competition and non-monotonic responses to C8-HSL and 3OC6-HSL. The analysis yields robust estimates for the underlying dissociation constants and cooperativities (Hill coefficients) of the LuxR-HSL complexes and their affinities for the lux box. It also reveals significant differences in the affinities of LuxRMJ1 and LuxRES114 for 3OC6-HSL. Further, LuxRMJ1 and LuxRES114 differed sharply from LuxRs retrieved by directed evolution in the cooperativity of LuxR-HSL complex formation and the affinity of these complexes for lux. These results show how computational modeling of in vivo experimental data can provide insight into the mechanistic consequences of directed evolution.
The Elections to the New Hungarian Parliament

When, on January 29, 1927, Admiral Horthy, regent of Hungary, formally opened the reconstructed parliament, declaring that “the happy consolidation of the country permits the reestablishment of the system of two chambers which corresponds to the national tradition,” a far-reaching step in constitutional restoration was completed. The revival of the oldest parliament in Europe marks the culmination of a political movement which has been in process for the last seven years, and definitely closes a phase, albeit a retrogressive one, in Hungarian constitutional development. The elections which preceded this latest phase of restoration, following hard upon the constitutional revamping of both chambers, are, therefore, significant; they provide, in addition, an interesting example of governmental pressure, upper class control, and oral voting in the midst of a world habituated to the concepts of popular sovereignty, universal suffrage, and the secret ballot.
Comparison of the erythrocyte and leukocyte cell surfaces of guinea pigs by use of agglutination techniques.

It is clear that a knowledge of the physical and chemical composition of the walls of phagocytic cells is essential to an understanding of the phenomenon of phagocytosis. It is not easy to obtain large quantities of leukocytes for chemical analyses. Furthermore, it is probable that the composition of the cell wall is so complex that the process of fractionation would destroy important elements in its physical and chemical make-up. Therefore another approach to this problem was adopted for work reported in this paper. It was decided to use various biological materials which were known to act on erythrocytes to produce results such as agglutinations. In some cases, as, for example, the action of the influenza , virus in agglutinating red blood cells, there is evidence of the possible chemical nature of the site of action of the virus.1 Thus, if the influenza virus agglutinated both the erythrocyte and the leukocyte of a given host, it might be assumed, at least tentatively, that there was a common or similar component in the walls of both cells. Also, immunological studies were made comparing red blood cell membrane and leukocyte surface in the hope that demonstration of differences or similarities would give indirect evidence of the surface configuration of the leukocytes in terms of what we know of the chemistry of the red blood cell membrane.2 For similar reasons the
Efficient Tools for the Simulation of Flapping Wing Flows

The development of novel strategies for lift and propulsion using flapping wings requires the use of computational tools that are at once e!cien t and capable of handling complex deforming boundary motion. In this work we present the use of a viscous vortex particle method for the simulation of the flow produced by a two-dimensional rigid wing in pitching and plunging motion of moderate Reynolds number. By its Lagrangian nature, this method is able to automatically adapt to important flow structures. E! ciency is ensured by using vorticity-bearing computational elements that are distributed only to the extent that vorticity itself is spread through its convection and di"u sion; no e" ort is needed for irrotational regions of flow. Moreover, the correct behavior of the velocity at infinity is automatically satisfied, obviating the need for an artificial boundary treatment. Results of the dynamically shed vorticity and the forces exerted are presented for a single stroke of a flapping elliptical wing.
An EPR study of Fe3+ in enstatite

The paramagnetic resonance spectrum of light-green natural enstatite, (Mg, Fe2+) [SiO3] shows evidence of Fe3+ in triclinic site symmetry. Only one transition of sufficient intensity could be evaluated with the following Hamiltonian parameters: gxx=4.774, gyy=4.003, gzz=3.723. No hyperfine splitting, was detected. It is suggested that Fe3+ should occupy the more distorted M(2) site. A number of spread signals of very low intensity from 50 to 400 mT can be attributed to other Fe3+ transitions or to Mn2+. The occurrence of a small portion of iron in a trivalent state could be due to either oxidizing conditions during crystal growth or to subsequent ionizing radiation.
Progress in the Three-Dimensional DRAGON Grid Scheme.

We propose a novel approach of three-dimensi onal hybrid grid methodology, the DRAGON grid method in the three-dimensional space. The DRAGON grid is created by means of a Direct Replacement of Arbitrary Grid Overlapping by Nonstructured grid, and is structured-gr id dominated with unstructured grids in small regions. The DRAGON grid scheme is an adaptation to the Chimera thinking. It is capable of preserving the advantageous features of both the structured and unstructured grids, and eliminates/minimizes their shortcomings. In the present paper, we address progress in the development and applications of the three-dimensional DRAGON grid scheme.
Stochastic Estimation of Velocity using Near-Field Pressure in a Coaxial Jet with Chevrons

This work focuses on simultaneous measurement of near-field pressure and flow field velocity for a coaxial, axisymmetric, subonic jet. The near-field pressure spectra for the coaxial jet are presented for conical and chevron nozzles at two shear conditions. The mean and turbulent kinetic energy is presented for the various test conditions. Linear Stochastic Estimation is used to estimate the entire jet flowfield using only the near-field pressure data and the turbulent kinetic energy is reconstructed as a metric for the success of the technique. Spatially averaged TKE profiles are under-predicted in amplitude but provide very accurate profile shapes when normalized to the local maximum of the profile. The number of sensors used for the LSE analysis is studied to maximize the correlation of the estimated and measured flow fields. The number of sensors has little effect on the mean correlation values; however it was found that using the sensors in the field of view of the PIV measurement domain was ideal. The Complementary Technique was used to further improve the correlations using various numbers of POD modes. It was found that between 10 and 25 POD modes results in up to 50% improvement in the overall correlation values.
Book Review: Slow Pilgrim: The Collected Poems of Scott Cairns

Slow Pilgrim: The Collected Poems of Scott Cairns. By Scott Cairns. Brewster, Mass.: Paraclete Press, 2015. 360 pp. $39.00 (paper).Scott Cairns has been an important Christian poet for thirty years. Beginning with Theology of Doubt, his reticent, likeable narrators-worthy to stand in with Hawthorne's-his marvelously comic, self-conscious language choices, and his profoundly Christian understanding of the human condition have become staples to anyone who has taken the time to read poetry during that timeframe. And, amazingly, beyond all of that, he has managed to write authentic Christian verse while couching his body-poems in speech which does not put off the secular reader. Tolkien and O'Connor would delight to see such "sacramental stealth" in action! Cairns's Slow Pilgrim is a must-read for anyone who loves Christian poetry: something to take down from your shelves on a snowy winter night-just you, the lamp, and a crackling fire. Feel the pages, read a few aloud, muse. What could be better!In this review I will focus on his collection of poems from Idiot Psalms (2014), which I had not seen before and found nicely rewarding. The poet's familiar parameters have widened. The focus is still on the solitary man, his fight to place himself, but we see Christ do violence to the usual expectations as well."Dawn at Saint Anna's Skete" is a perfect example of how Cairns keeps stretching into the new, into the Spirit who always asks for more. Consider the first five lines:The air is cool and right thick with birdsongas our bleary crew files out, of a suddendisinterred from three sepulchral hours of prayerinto an amber brilliance riotingoutside the cemetery chapel.... (p. 270)"Right thick" might put the uninitiated reader off, as it comes across as a self-conscious slippage in diction. Cairns is not of the backwoods, and his language choices are usually so precise. So why do this? The answer, I think, lies with the Spirit, who will not permit comfort. We are made free by his presence, obliged to break familiar constraints; and that is what Cairns is up to here. Love will not be bound in this world; neither will it be bound by language. The self-consciousness of the poetic act here only serves to foreground that fact.The rest is typical Cairns: the "bleary crew" is no band of hosannasinging fundamentalists; and the entire third line, again very self-consciously, brings our situation as fallen but good believers into the light. …
Simple Tests for Thyroid and Diabetic Conditions

Three devices for measuring the Achilles reflex have shown good results in differentiating euthyroidism and hypothyroidism. The Kinemometer has been most effective in distinguishing between hyperthyroid and euthyroid conditions. The use of an inexpensive exophthalmometer has been helpful in following proptosis associated with thyroid disease.One minute blood sugar level determinations may be made in the office with special reagent strips. These strips can be an effective screening test for diabetes and are helpful in diagnosis of hypoglycemia as a cause of coma, diagnosis and management of diabetic acidosis, and office management of diabetic patients.
Clinic and Intake Forms

The lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and intersex (LGBTI) population has struggled against a history of discrimination and marginalization, which includes the healthcare system. In an attempt to bridge this gap, healthcare providers should strive to provide an inclusive and welcome clinic environment for members of this community. Success will take substantial thought and effort by healthcare providers and organizations, and the reward will be a strong therapeutic relationship between a provider and the LGBTI patient. The clinical environment can be broken down into three broad categories: physical, systemic, and interpersonal. Addressing the physical environment includes providing LGBTI friendly decor and materials to create a welcome space. Practicing under a comprehensive mission statement, establishing inclusive non-discrimination and visitation policies, and creating a comprehensive intake form for a diverse population will guide operations within the systemic environment. Finally, ensuring that staff is trained to understand and respond to LGBTI issues, and creating a system to address and overcome obstacles to equitable care are key components of the interpersonal environment. Once these changes have been implemented, advertising and community outreach can further help encourage LGBTI individuals to engage with the healthcare system. The goal should always be equality in health and wellness, and improving access for a historically underserved population.
Abstract B2-24: OVOL: A brake on EMT, driver of MET and expander of the hybrid E/M phenotype

Aberrant activation of Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) and its reverse MET is a hallmark of cancer metastasis. Also, the carcinoma cells can undergo partial transitions to attain a hybrid epithelial/mesenchymal (E/M) phenotype, which can allow them to migrate collectively and form clusters of Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCs). These clusters can be up to 50 times more metastatic compared to cells that undergo complete EMT or individually migrating CTCs. Here, using experimental data and bioinformatics, we devised a dedicated model to study the role of transcription factor OVOL in regulating these bidirectional epithelial-hybrid-mesenchymal transitions. The new model incorporates the coupling between OVOL and miR-200/ZEB - the three-way EMT/MET decision-making switch that allows for three phenotypes (E, M and E/M). We found that OVOL operates as a brake holder of complete EMT and as an expander of the hybrid E/M phenotype (it extends the range of physiological parameters for which the cells can attain the hybrid E/M phenotype). Inhibition of OVOL, for example by Wg signaling, removes that brake and supports a complete EMT. Conversely, overexpression of OVOL, for example by BMP7/Smad4, leads to the reverse of EMT, i.e. MET. In addition, OVOL elevates the phenotypic plasticity of cells by turning both EMT and MET into a two-step process (E to E/M to M, and M to E/M to E). We show that depending on the context-specific coupling manner of OVOL with miR-200/ZEB, OVOL can shepherd cellular plasticity in multiple ways - by driving MET, by restricting EMT, and by expanding the existence of the hybrid E/M phenotype. In particular, we explain how the differences between the observed effects of OVOL in breast and prostate cancer are associated with the results of different miR-200/ZEB/OVOL couplings. Our computational framework can be tailored to include other signals such as p53, TGF-beta, inflammation and hypoxia that affect the cellular plasticity during metastasis, thus providing a platform to design novel anti-metastasis therapies. Citation Format: Dongya Jia, Mohit Kumar Jolly, Marcelo Boareto, Princy Parsana, Steven Mooney, Kenneth J. Pienta, Herbert Levine, Eshel Ben-Jacob. OVOL: A brake on EMT, driver of MET and expander of the hybrid E/M phenotype. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Computational and Systems Biology of Cancer; Feb 8-11 2015; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(22 Suppl 2):Abstract nr B2-24.