cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Global engagement competencies for PhD nursing students

Abstract The following question was posed to work groups at an invitational summit of educators, policy makers, and funding agencies involved in PhD nursing programs from Canada, the Caribbean, Latin America, and the US: Should global engagement competencies be included in PhD program curricula of research-intensive universities??” While the need for global engagement competencies ranked low among participants, our perspective is that there may be benefits from development of global engagement competencies. Many of the concepts identified for global engagement competencies are also important for US-based research. Nurses and midwives with PhDs are well positioned to conduct research that will impact the global burden of disease and close the health equity gap.
A taxonomy of systems that combine utility-scale renewable energy and energy storage technologies

Abstract Interest in renewable energy-based hybrid systems—which combine multiple renewable energy and/or energy storage technologies—is apparent and growing. Such systems could play an important role in the grid of the future, but our ability to quantify their potential impacts is hindered by (a) the inconsistent treatment of hybrid systems and (b) an incomplete understanding of which aspects of hybridization will have the greatest influence. In this article, we review the literature and propose an organization scheme for utility-scale hybrid systems in which electricity is generated from commercially available, renewable energy technologies, and electricity is the only output. Based on this literature review, we propose three categories for delineating systems that link multiple renewable energy and/or energy storage technologies: co-located resources (locational linkage only), virtual power plants (operational linkage only), and full hybrids (location and operational linkages). Proposing a categorization based on whether the systems involve locational and/or operational linkages reflects the fact that technology combinations do not represent a meaningful delineation. In addition, the categories are ideal for informing model development efforts, by identifying the unique characteristics that must be captured in adequate representations of systems that fall under each category. Our categories can also help inform policy considerations, as they delineate system characteristics that would introduce distinct permitting, siting, interconnection, and policy challenges. Therefore, we believe that our proposed taxonomy will help organize thinking and research efforts in a way that will enable consistent evaluation of the costs, values, and potential of renewable energy-based hybrids.
Self-reported handwashing and surface disinfection behaviors by U.S. adults with disabilities to prevent COVID-19, Spring 2020.

Abstract Background Handwashing and surface cleaning and disinfection are two hygiene behaviors promoted to prevent the spread of COVID-19. Persons with disabilities may be at increased risk for severe COVID-19 illness due to underlying medical conditions that have been associated with COVID-19. Objective This study aims to describe self-reported hygiene behaviors among U.S. adults with disabilities to prevent transmission of COVID-19. Methods Data were obtained from the March 2020 Porter Novelli ConsumerStyles survey. This study includes 6463 U.S. adults (≥18 years) who participated in the survey (58.2% response rate). Participants were asked about frequent handwashing and surface disinfection. Participants were also asked six questions to assess disability status and disability type. Prevalence estimates with 95% confidence intervals were calculated; chi-square tests were conducted. Results A total of 1295 (20.3%) of survey participants reported at least one disability and their hygiene-related behavior. Overall, 91.3% of respondents with disabilities reported frequent handwashing; only 72% reported frequent surface disinfection. Those with hearing, vision, cognition, mobility, self-care, and independent living disabilities (range: 77.9%–90.6%) were significantly less likely than those without any disability (94.0%) to report frequent handwashing. People with vision (62.2%) and independent living (66.8%) disabilities were less likely to report frequent surface disinfection than those without any disability (74.6%). Conclusions Practices such as handwashing and disinfecting surfaces are effective for reducing and preventing the spread of COVID-19. Promotion of hygiene-related practices among people with disabilities is essential. Tailored communications and implementation of evidence-based strategies are needed to address hygiene-related behaviors among the subgroups of people with disabilities most affected.
TFTR Fast-Scanning Heterodyne Receiver

The TFTR fast-scanning heterodyne receiver is designed to sweep the frequency range 75-210 GHz in 3ms in order to measure the blackbody electron cyclotron emission in TFTR, and thus ascertain the time evolution of the electron temperature profile.
Role of sequence and position of the cleavage sites in prothrombin activation

In the penultimate step of the coagulation cascade, the multidomain vitamin-K-dependent zymogen prothrombin is converted to thrombin by the prothrombinase complex composed of factor Xa, cofactor Va, and phospholipids. Activation of prothrombin requires cleavage at two residues, R271 and R320, along two possible pathways generating either the intermediate prethrombin-2 (following initial cleavage at R271) or meizothrombin (following initial cleavage at R320). The former pathway is preferred in the absence of and the latter in the presence of cofactor Va. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain this preference, but the role of the sequence and position of the sites of cleavage has not been thoroughly investigated. In this study, we engineered constructs where the sequences 261DEDSDRAIEGRTATSEYQT279 and 310RELLESYIDGRIVEGSDAE328 were swapped between the R271 and R320 sites. We found that in the absence of cofactor Va, the wild-type sequence at the R271 site is cleaved preferentially regardless of its position at the R271 or R320 site, whereas in the presence of cofactor Va, the R320 site is cleaved preferentially regardless of its sequence. Additional single-molecule FRET measurements revealed that the environment of R271 changes significantly upon cleavage at R320 due to the conformational transition from the closed form of prothrombin to the open form of meizothrombin. Detailed kinetics of cleavage at the R271 site were monitored by a newly developed assay based on loss of FRET. These findings show how sequence and position of the cleavage sites at R271 and R320 dictate the preferred pathway of prothrombin activation.
Monetary Policy in Times of Structural Reallocation

We characterize optimal monetary policy in response to asymmetric shocks that shift demand from one sector to another, a condition arguably faced by many economies emerging from the Covid-19 crisis. We show that the asymmetry manifests itself as an endogenous cost-push shock, breaking divine coincidence, and resulting in inflation optimally exceeding its target despite elevated unemployment. In fact, there is no simple, possibly re-weighted, inflation index that can be used as the optimal target. When labor is mobile between sectors, monetary easing can have the additional benefit of inducing faster reallocation, by producing wage increases in the expanding sector.
Creating a Data-Driven Global Society

Data is captured and analyzed for many purposes including supporting decision making. The expansion of data collection and the increasing use of data-driven decision support is creating a data-driven, global political, economic and social environment. This emerging global society is highly interconnected and many people rely on information technology to support decision making. This chapter explores the impacts that have and might occur as decision support technologies improve and continue shaping global society in new directions. Better understanding of the decision support and analytics phenomenon may help predict future societal changes and consequences. The goal of this analysis is to formulate hypotheses about the impact of decision support for further testing and speculate about long-run consequences. The increasing volume, velocity and variety of data is important to building new decision support functionality. Data collection expansion is part of a self-reinforcing decision support cycle that results in collecting more data, doing more analyses, and providing more and hopefully better decision support. Overall, nine hypotheses are proposed and briefly explored. More research is needed to test and verify them, but anecdotal evidence indicates analytics, business intelligence and decision support are creating a global society that is a data centric, real-time, decision-oriented socio-economic system. Data and decision scientists and technologists should anticipate and ponder the consequences of creating a more pervasive, data-driven global society.
Stability of a Submerged Stiffened Cylinder

The possibility of local panel buckling in the hull is investigated. The configuration of a section of the hull is idealized to be a thin cylindrical shell with discrete, internal, circumferential and longitudinal stiffeners. The loading is idealized to be composed to two parts which are (1) A uniform external pressure applied to the hull and to the bulkheads, and (2) an axial load which is applied through the bulkheads. An analytical procedure is presented which predicts the pressure necessary for buckling in the case of a specified axial load. Results of the analytical procedure are given for five possible hull configurations as well as for a case whose experimental buckling pressure had been reported earlier. Consequently the results of this study can be used to help evaluate various hull designs. Results deduced by the procedure presented here have application to the design of caissons, tunnels and possibly large pipelines.
Law and Changing Patterns of Behavior: Sanctions on Non-Marital Cohabitation

Cohabitation between unmarried persons has become increasingly common during the past two decades. Cohabitation may be a casual temporary relationship, an experimental stage preceding formal marriage, or an alternative to marriage and the various legal consequences that status carries.This paper explores the legal system’s adjustment to these changing behavior patterns with the underlying assumption that as incident of cohabitation increase, cohabitation will eventually be viewed as both legally and morally acceptable. When cohabitation “goes public” legal institutions must resolve some of the conflicts which are presented.The first part of this paper is an examination of the resistance to repeal of criminal laws punishing cohabitation. The conflict with other social values appears most clearly in the criminal area. As the second part of this paper demonstrates, the trends toward acceptance or cohabitation are visible in a variety of situations in the civil law. The changes in the civil area have been fashioned largely by the courts. Judges’ decisions are more shielded from the public view that are those of legislators, and, perhaps, it is this fact which allows change to take place more easily.
Cutaneous Manifestations of Crohn Disease

Awareness of the extraintestinal manifestations of Crohn disease is increasing in dermatology and gastroenterology, with enhanced identification of entities that range from granulomatous diseases recapitulating the underlying inflammatory bowel disease to reactive conditions and associated dermatoses. In this review, the underlying etiopathology of Crohn disease is discussed, and how this mirrors certain skin manifestations that present in a subset of patients is explored. The array of extraintestinal manifestations that do not share a similar pathology, but which are often seen in association with inflammatory bowel disease, is also discussed. Treatment and pathogenetic mechanisms, where available, are discussed.
31P nuclear-magnetic-resonance studies of pyridoxal and pyridoxamine phosphates. Interaction with cytoplasmic aspartate transaminase.

The 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrum of the phosphate in free pyridoxal or pyridoxamine phosphate reveals a resonance signal that is coupled to the methylene protons of the 5-CH2 with JHP of 6.0 ± 0.3 Hz. Proton noise decoupling results in a single with a pH-dependent chemical shift with deprotonation of the phosphate resulting in a shift of the 31P resonance to lower fields. A single 31P NMR signal at a frequency corresponding to fully ionized phosphate monoesters is observed in aspartate-transaminase-bound pyridoxal or pyridoxamine phosphate. The 31P resonance in the holotransaminase is pH-independent and is unaffected by saturating concentrations of substrates or inhibitors. Only denaturation with 6 M guanidine · HCl results in changes in the 31P of the holoenzyme. It appears that the phosphate group of pyridoxal phosphate is bound to a positive pocket in the holoenzyme and remains fully ionized in the pH range of 5.6 to 9.2. The phosphate-binding properties are present even in the apoenzyme which is able to bind inorganic phosphate which then can be displaced by pyridoxal or pyridoxamine phosphate in the process of holoenzyme formation.
DECIDER-1: a system that chooses among different types of acts

This paper examines a programmed model (called DECIDER-1) that 1) recognizes scenes of things, among which are a) objects and b) words that form commands (or questions or other types of statements), 2) recognizes the import of these commands, 3) decides whether to obey one, and then 4) uses the command to guide the consequent actions, along with any necessary perceptual search. It uses the same mechanisms to handle a) the perceptual processes involved with recognizing objects and describing scenes, b) the linguistic processes involved with parsing sentences and understanding their meaning, and c) the retrieval processes needed to access pertinent facts in pertinent memory. This is in sharp contrast to most of today's systems, which receive the command through one channel, to be "understood" by one special-purpose set of routines, and perceive their environments through an entirely different channel. DECIDER-1 continues to characterize patterns, parse symbol strings, and access facts implied by input questions until an action is chosen, because it is sufficiently implied by this search through the memory net. Then it executes the implied action. Possible actions include Answering, Describing, Finding, Moving, and Naming.
Anaphora, Processing of

First page of article Keywords: anaphora; processing; pronoun; reflexive; antecedent
Die politischen Parteien I: Parteienentwicklung und Parteiendynamik

In den republikanischen Stadtrepubliken des Altertums konnten die stimmberechtigten Burger unmittelbar an der Bildung des Staatswillens teilnehmen, weil der Umfang des Staatsgebiets und der auf ihm ansassigen Bevolkerung der personlichen Stimmabgabe in der Volksversammlung nicht im Wege standen. Aber auch hier waren in Vorbereitung und Durchfuhrung des Abstimmungsverfahrens Gruppenbildungen nicht zu vermeiden. In der als konstitutionelle Demokratie gestalteten Massengesellschaft unserer Zeit aber sind organisierte politische Parteien als die Instrumente der Staatswillensbildung unentbehrlich. Durch ihre Parteiprogramme und die auf sie eingestellten Kandidaten fur die Wahlamter mobilisieren und aktivieren die politischen Parteien den sonst unendlich zersplitterten Vokswillen und vereinfachen ihn dadurch derart, das die Masse der Burger sich an der Staatswillensbildung entweder unmittelbar durch die Volksabstimmung oder mittelbar durch die Wahl von Parteivertretern sinnvoll beteiligen kann. In der konstitutionellen Demokratie kann der politischen Prozes nur durch die Mitwirkung der politischen Parteien betrieben werden.
Unsettled Relations: Schools, Gay Marriage, and Educating for Sexuality

In this article, Cris Mayo examines the relationship among anti-LGBTQ policies, gay marriage, and sexuality education. Her concern is that because gay marriage is insufficiently different from heterosexual marriage, adding it as an issue to curriculum or broader culture debate elides rather than addresses sexual difference. In other words, marriage may be an assimilative aspiration that closes down discussions of what sexuality is and can mean, that sidesteps other related social issues such as health care for all, and that reinforces sexuality and gender identity as privatized, not political, concerns. Mayo examines different strands of LGBTQ history that complicate the meanings of sexuality and that critique a variety of antigay or heterosexist policies for their exclusions. She concludes by suggesting that the possibilities of sexuality are not served by advocacy for one gay relationship formation and calling for a sexuality education that is instead directed at sexual diversity.
Emerging roles for the FBXW7 ubiquitin ligase in leukemia and beyond

Protein degradation plays key roles in diverse pathways in cell division, growth and differentiation. Aberrant stabilization of crucial proteins participating in oncogenic pathways is often observed in cancer. The importance of proper protein turnover is exemplified by the SCF(Fbxw7) ubiquitin ligase, which is frequently mutated in human cancer, including T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Recent studies have revealed novel substrates of Fbxw7 and shed light on its role on differentiation of stem cells and expansion of stem-cell-like cells driving tumorigenesis. Detailed understanding of the contribution of the Fbxw7-regulated network of proteins in initiation and progression of cancer will facilitate the identification of candidate intervention targets in human cancer.
Avian Influenza in the Western Hemisphere Including the Pacific Islands and Australia

Abstract Between 1997 and 2001, there was one report of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) in the Western Hemisphere and Pacific Basin. In 1997, in New South Wales, Australia, an outbreak caused by avian influenza (AI) virus subtype H7N4 involved both chickens and emus. All other reports of infections in poultry and isolations from wild bird species in the region pertained to low pathogenicity (LP) AI virus. Animal Health Officials in Canada reported isolations of subtypes H1, H6, H7, and H10 from domestic poultry and subtypes H3 and H13 from imported and wild bird species. In Mexico, the H5N2 LPAI virus, the precursor of the HPAI outbreak in 1994–95, was isolated from poultry in each year from 1997 to 2001. Since 1997, Mexico has used approximately 708 million doses of a killed H5N2 vaccine and an additional 459 million doses of a recombinant fowlpox-H5 vaccine in their H5N2 control program. In Central America, avian influenza was diagnosed for the first time when H5N2 LPAI virus was isolated from ...
Moyal Formulation of Witten's Star Product in the Fermionic Ghost Sector

In this paper, we recast the fermionic ghost sector of Witten's open bosonic string field theory in the language of noncommutative field theory. In particular, following the methods of hep-th/0202087, we find that in Siegel gauge Witten's star product roughly corresponds to a continuous tensor product of Clifford Algebras, and we formulate important operators of the theory in this language, notably the kinetic operator of vacuum string field theory and the BRST operator describing the vacuum of the unstable D-25 brane. We find that the BRST operator is singular in this formulation. We explore alternative operator/Moyal representations of the star product analogous to the split string description and the discrete Moyal basis developed extensively in recent work by Bars and Matsuo (hep-th/0204260). Finally, we discuss some interesting singularities in the formalism and how they may be regulated.
Diet, nutrition, and cancer prevention. Research opportunities, approaches, and pitfalls.

C.S. Yang opened the workshop by welcoming the participants, and he stated the purposes of the workshop. Research on diet, nutrition and cancer prevention is recognized as an important area of research, yet this area of research is not well funded. The purpose of the workshop is to strengthen this area of research by discussing how to select more relevant problems, develop attractive hypotheses, and use effective approaches to obtain research aims. Other important tasks are to convey the importance of the research and to increase the funding in the area of diet and cancer prevention. A proposed outline of discussion for the workshop was presented (Appendix 1).
Folliculosebaceous cystic hamartoma: a clinical pathologic study.

Abstract Background: Folliculosebaceous cystic hamartoma (FCH) is a recently recognized cutaneous hamartoma comprising follicular, sebaceous, and mesenchymal elements. Only nine cases have been previously reported. Objective: The aim of this study was to characterize further the clinical, histologic, and immunohistologic features of FCH. Methods: The clinical, histologic, and immunohistologic features of eight cases of FCH were evaluated and the literature reviewed. Results: All lesions presented as exophytic papules or nodules on the head, most commonly the central part of the face. Age at onset ranged from 4 to 47 years. The size ranged from 0.5 × 0.4 cm to 1.4 × 1.1 cm. Clinical diagnoses were nevus, neurofibroma, and adnexal tumor. None of the patients had associated Muir-Torre syndrome. The diagnostic microscopic features of infundibular cystic structures with attached sebaceous glands and characteristic stroma were present in all lesions. Many of the stromal spindle cells were CD34 positive. Conclusion: FCH is a recently recognized hamartoma of follicular, sebaceous, and mesenchymal elements. Although reported only rarely, its incidence is likely much higher.
Avian β-endorphin: Alterations in immunoreactive forms in plasma and pituitary of embryonic and adult chickens

Abstract 1. A heterologous radioimmunoassay for β-endorphin (β-endo) was established. Plasma and/or extracts of pituitaries from embryonic (days 14.5 and 17.5 of incubation), newly hatched, and adult chickens were chromatographed on a Sephadex G-75 column with 0.1 M acetic acid. 2. Embryonic plasma had only a single immunoreactive peak that eluted similar to a β-lipotropin (β-LPH) standard. In contrast, adult plasma had 2 peaks, co-eluting with β-LPH (34%) and β-endo (66%). 3. Chromatography of pituitary extracts demonstrated two immunoreactive peaks in both embryonic and adult birds. Although 70% of immunoreactivity eluted with β-endo for embryonic birds, 80% eluted with β-LPH from adults. 4. The smaller proportion of β-endo in adult pituitaries may reflect a higher rate of secretion of this hormone into the blood.
Noninvasive two-photon-excitation imaging of tryptophan distribution in highly scattering biological tissues

Abstract We report on noninvasive two-photon fluorescence (TPF) image mapping of tryptophan distribution in highly-scattering native biological tissues. Fluorescence from tryptophan molecules in tissue samples was excited by two-photon absorption of 625 nm, 100 fs light pulses from a colliding-pulse-modelocked dye laser. A two-dimensional map of the tryptophan distribution in a chicken-tissue sample was obtained by scanning the laser beam over the tissue surface and accumulating the fluorescence signal point-by-point with a photomultiplier tube and a lock-in amplifier system. Images of a tissue at an axial position up to 250 μm from the surface were recorded with a lateral resolution of ∼10 μm. The technique is wavelength selective, morphology dependent, and molecule specific. This method offers potential for a less invasive method by giving the analysis of certain molecules in tissue structures.
Simulations for the FERMI@ELETTRA proposal to generate 40- and 10-nm coherent radiation using the HGHG scheme

We present the results of simulations for a free-electron laser system designed and based on upgraded parameters for the 1.0-GeV LINAC, that in its present form is located at the third-generation synchrotron radiation facility ELETTRA in Trieste, Italy. The calculation is carried out for two of the three beam lines of the project. For the first beam line, the system is based on the HGHG scheme to generate 40-nm coherent radiation by a 200-nm seed laser. For the second beam line we consider cascading the HGHG scheme twice to generate 10-nm radiation.
Anorectal lymphoma and AIDS: an outcome analysis.

Background and Objective Primary lymphoma of the anus is an extremely rare problem. In patients with the Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS), there is a marked increase in gastrointestinal non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL). The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcome of patients with anorectal NHL and AIDS. Methods Over an 18-year period, we identified 6 patients with AIDS and primary anorectal NHL. Five were male. All were high-grade B-cell lymphomas and half showed systemic “B” symptoms. Patient's mean CD4 count was 93 (range 8 to 201). Results The average life span for those with “B” symptoms was 6.7 months and 16 months for those without symptoms. No benefit was shown from radiation or chemotherapy in those with “B” symptoms. Younger patients and those without systemic constitutional symptoms of lymphoma do better. One patient without “B” symptoms was able to tolerate his radiation and chemotherapy and is disease free at 10 months. Conclusion Despite traditional non-Hodgkin's lymphoma treatment regimens, our AIDS patients (and those examined in a review of the pertinent literature) with anorectal NHL and “B” symptoms have a poor prognosis. For those without “B” symptoms and who can tolerate the therapy, NHL remission may be obtained. J. Surg. Oncol. 2000;73:1–5. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Collaborating to Increase Access to Clinical and Educational Resources for Surgery: A Case Study

A case study is described in which collaborations between a Department of Surgery, a Department of Information Technology, and an academic health sciences library resulted in the development of an electronic surgical library available at the bedside, the deployment of tablet devices for surgery residents, and implementation of a tablet-friendly user interface for the institution's electronic medical record.
Presidential Approval and Legislative Success

While a large body of work exists on presidents' public approval, no study identifies the conditions under which approval generates policy influence. This gap is particularly significant since empirical research has produced inconsistent findings on whether popularity affects a president's legislative success. In the following, we argue that public salience and issue complexity determine the extent to which a president can capitalize on approval, and we proceed to test this hypothesis on U.S. House of Representatives roll-call votes between 1989 and 2000. The empirical analysis provides strong support for our hypothesis, which holds across a variety of econometric specifications and estimates of approval.
Diastolic heart failure

A 78-year-old woman with a history of hypertension is admitted to the hospital with congestive heart failure. Physical examination reveals a blood pressure of 180/90 mm Hg, increased jugular venous pressure, peripheral edema, and pulmonary rales. A chest radiograph shows pulmonary edema and mild cardiomegaly. An echocardiogram shows a left ventricular ejection fraction of 70 percent. The left ventricular Doppler filling pattern is abnormal and consistent with an elevated pulmonary-capillary wedge pressure. How should this patient be treated?
Thermal therapy of the flacherie virus disease in the silkworm, Bombyx mori

Abstract An effective method of thermal therapy to fifth-instar silkworm larva (Bombyx mori) has been developed for the control of the flacherie virus disease. Fifth-instar larvae, which were infected with the flacherie virus in their fourth instar, were reared at 27°C for 5 days and then transferred to 37°C for 1–3 days. Such larvae were able to form normal cocoons. The basis for the thermal therapy appeared to be: (1) the discharge of the virus-infected goblet cells into the midgut lumen and out with the feces and (2) the escape of the newly regenerated goblet cells from infection and virus multiplication.
An Operational Multifield Analog/Anti-Analog Prediction System for United States Seasonal Temperatures. Part II: Spring, Summer, Fall and Intermediate 3-Month Period Experiments

Abstract An expanded version of the multifield analog prediction system developed by Barnett and Preisendorfer (1978) was described and applied to the winter season in Part I of this two-part series (Livezey and Barnston 1988). This second part reviews briefly the major design features detailed in Part I, and then describes the predictive skills in spring, summer, fall and all other intermediate 3-month seasons. In none of the 11 nonwinter seasons is the United States surface temperature predicted with as much skill as in winter. The major winter skill peak (16%) extends partially into the following two seasons (January–February–March and February–March–April), and a secondary maximum in summer (13%) similarly includes the two following seasons (July–August–September and August–September–October). In both skillful periods of the year the skill tends to be greatest over the eastern third of the United States and the immediate Pacific Coast and lowest over the Rockies and Plateau. More predictor variables a...
Screening of Small Molecule Interactor Library by Using In-Cell NMR Spectroscopy (SMILI-NMR)

We developed an in-cell NMR assay for screening small molecule interactor libraries (SMILI-NMR) for compounds capable of disrupting or enhancing specific interactions between two or more components of a biomolecular complex. The method relies on the formation of a well-defined biocomplex and utilizes in-cell NMR spectroscopy to identify the molecular surfaces involved in the interaction at atomic scale resolution. Changes in the interaction surface caused by a small molecule interfering with complex formation are used as a read-out of the assay. The in-cell nature of the experimental protocol insures that the small molecule is capable of penetrating the cell membrane and specifically engaging the target molecule(s). Utility of the method was demonstrated by screening a small dipeptide library against the FKBP−FRB protein complex involved in cell cycle arrest. The dipeptide identified by SMILI-NMR showed biological activity in a functional assay in yeast.
Computational complexity of LCPs associated with positive definite symmetric matrices

Murty in a recent paper has shown that the computational effort required to solve a linear complementarity problem (LCP), by either of the two well known complementary pivot methods is not bounded above by a polynomial in the size of the problem. In that paper, by constructing a class of LCPs—one of ordern forn ≥ 2—he has shown that to solve the problem of ordern, either of the two methods goes through 2 n pivot steps before termination. However that paper leaves it as an open question to show whether or not the same property holds if the matrix,M, in the LCP is positive definite and symmetric. The class of LCPs in whichM is positive definite and symmetric is of particular interest because of the special structure of the problems, and also because they appear in many practical applications. In this paper, we study the computational growth of each of the two methods to solve the LCP, (q, M), whenM is positive definite and symmetric and obtain similar results.
ON GROUP SPECIFIC A SUBSTANCES : III. THE SUBSTANCE IN COMMERCIAL PEPSIN.

A method of preparation and a preliminary chemical investigation of the substance present in commercial (pig) pepsin which reacts with human A antiserum are presented. The material offers especial advantage in securing in quantity a serologically highly active preparation suitable for further studies. Active preparations were isolated moreover from commercial (pig) gastric mucin. Some other materials showing group specific reactions are mentioned.
Distribution and significance of norepinephrine in the lateral cochlear wall of pigmented and albino rats

Abstract Picogram quantities of norepinephrine were found in cochlear regions of pigmented and non-pigmented rats. These regions of the cochlea were the modiolus, organ of Corti-osseous spiral lamina and the lateral cochlear wall. The content of norepinephrine in the modiolus and lateral cochlear wall of the pigmented rat was significantly greater than that in areas of the non-pigmented rat. In contrast, there was no statistical difference between the norepinephrine content of the organ of Corti-osseous spiral lamina region of the pigmented rat and that of the albino rat. Since a major difference between the pigmented and albino rats is the presence of melanin-containing melanocytes in the modiolus and lateral cochlear wall region of the pigmented animals, it is possible that norepinephrine is stored in cochlear melanocytes.
Isolation of a clone of F9 teratocarcinoma cells “naturally” resistant to G418

Resistance to the neomycin analogue G418 forms the basis of a dominant marker selection system for mammalian (and other) cells transfected with the bacterial neo gene. This system has been particularly effective because of the low incidence of spontaneous conversion to G418 resistance in mammalian cells; no case of resistance to the drug in the absence of the bacterial genes has yet been reported to our knowledge. During the course of transfection experiments, we recently isolated a clone of F9 teratocarcinoma cells which is drug resistant yet has no detectable integrated plasmid sequences, neo RNA transcripts, or aminoglycoside phosphotransferase activity. The G418-resistant clone (F9nr7) did not display enhanced resistance to other cytotoxic drugs tested: colchicine, actinomycin D, cycloheximide, and hygromycin B. Therefore, nr7 cells differ from multidrug-resistant phenotypes previously described. However, this clone is inhibited, relative to control cells, in its response to the differentiation-inducing drugs retinoic acid and dibutyryl cAMP, which suggests that some aspects of general drug metabolism may be altered in these cells.
Nitrogen requirements of corn (Zea mays L.) as affected by monocropping and intercropping with alfalfa (Medicago sativa)

Intercropping perennials with corn has the potential to improve utilization of the growing season over monocropping corn in regions where a substantial portion of the growing season is too cool for corn growth. The biomass potential and fertilizer N requirements of monocropped corn (Zea mays) grown using conventional tillage were compared with those of corn intercropped with alfalfa (Medicago sativa) in 1987 and 1988. The intercropped alfalfa was harvested once prior to planting the corn each spring. Rotation effects on and N fertilizer requirements for monocropped corn following these treatments and also following monocropped alfalfa, were evaluated in 1989 and 1990. During the two years of intercropping for which data is presented, the critical intercropped corn biomass (13.05 Mg ha−1) estimated using a quadratic-plus plateau model, was close to the monocropped corn biomass (13.01 Mg ha−1), but an estimated 83 kg ha−1 more N was required for intercropped corn to reach the critical biomass. Total biomass (intercropped corn and alfalfa) was 25% greater than that of the monocropped corn, and the total N uptake was 55% greater than that by monocropped corn over the two- year period. After rotation to monocropped corn using conventional tillage in 1989, corn biomass averaged over N rates following intercropping or monocropped corn was lower (P=0.01) than following monocropped alfalfa. Critical corn biomass estimated was highest following alfalfa and lowest following monocropped corn, and more N fertilizer was required to attain the critical biomass under continuous monocropped corn in 1989. Corn yields and N uptake values in 1990 were not significantly different among the cropping systems. The N fertilizer replacement values due to intercropping decreased from above 90 kg N ha−1 in the first year of rotation to less than 40 kg N ha−1 in the second year of rotation. Considering the higher potential for total biomass production and rotation benefit, intercropping is a viable alternative to conventional corn monoculture for forage production.
Vibrational predissociation spectroscopy of Ar-tagged, trisubstituted silyl cations

Abstract Vibrational predissociation spectra of the (CH 3 ) 2 RSi + ·Ar n , (R = H and CH 3 , n = 1 and 2) ions are compared with harmonic calculations to structurally characterize these putative reactive intermediates. Although the vibrational photofragmentation behavior indicates that the Ar–Si bond is quite strong relative to that found in closed shell ions, formation of the Ar adducts is calculated to cause only minor perturbations to the intrinsic vibrational band patterns of the isolated ions. In both (R = H and CH 3 ) cases, the vibrational spectra are very simple, consisting entirely of sharp features readily assigned to fundamentals anticipated by their harmonic spectra.
Ovarian cancer in the proteomics era: diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutics targets.

Ovarian cancer is clinically quiet as it plants seeds of metastases in the peritoneal cavity, even during early stages when there is highest potential for cure. The only available biomarker is CA125, which has an unacceptably low sensitivity and specificity for diagnostic use. Highly sensitive and specific tools to further optimize early diagnosis and treatment are needed. We propose that proteomic technologies have an important role to play in the development of these tools. Mass spectrometry platforms, such as surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight, may be used to mine patient9s serum for proteomic signatures that are shed by tumor and stroma. Such signatures could serve as a diagnostic tool during early-stage disease and as a remission-monitoring tool in later-stage disease. Reverse-phase protein microarrays are a new microproteomic tool to profile signaling pathways in ovarian cancer, thus identifying therapeutic targets while simultaneously suggesting prognostic indicators. Proteomic technologies have the capacity to build upon our genomic and clinical understanding of ovarian cancer by moving the focal point to the tumor and its microenvironment. This unique proteomic vantage point allows the creation of tools that will aid clinicians in making rational decisions in the diagnosis and treatment of women with ovarian cancer.
Modification of visual callosal projections in rats.

The effects of a variety of developmental manipulations on the distribution of the callosal pathway to visual cortex were examined by using the Fink Heimer technique in adult rats. First, the callosal projections in albino and pigmented rats were compared and found to be similar. The callosal pathway was limited in area 17 to a region adjoining its lateral border with area 18a. Second, dark-reared rats were found to have normal callosal projections. Third, rats bilaterally enucleated at birth had expanded callosal inputs within area 17. Fourth, monocular enucleation at birth produced an expanded callosal pathway to area 17 contralateral to the enucleation and normal callosal projections to the opposite hemisphere. The expanded callosal inputs after enucleation showed a patchy distribution and usually avoided the most medial part of area 17. Fifth, a reduction in the callosal projections to the area 17/18a border was found after neonatal unilateral optic tract lesions. Sixth, expanded callosal inputs to area 17 were found following unilateral thalamic lesions at birth. The abnormal projection occupied mainly layers IV and III. The results of the different experiments indicate that the detailed distribution of the visual callosal projection within area 17 depends heavily on the organization of the retinogeniculocortical pathways to each hemisphere.
Semidirect product constructions of directed strongly regular graphs

We construct a new infinite family of directed strongly regular graphs, as Cayley graphs of certain semidirect product groups. This generalizes an earlier construction of Klin, Munemasa, Muzychuk, and Zieschang on some dihedral groups.
Enterohemorrhagic E. coli alters murine intestinal epithelial tight junction protein expression and barrier function in a Shiga toxin independent manner

Shiga toxin (Stx) is implicated in the development of hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic-uremic syndrome, but early symptoms of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) infection such as nonbloody diarrhea may be Stx independent. In this study, we defined the effects of EHEC, in the absence of Stx, on the intestinal epithelium using a murine model. EHEC colonization of intestines from two groups of antibiotic-free and streptomycin-treated C57Bl/6J mice were characterized and compared. EHEC colonized the cecum and colon more efficiently than the ileum in both groups; however, greater amounts of tissue-associated EHEC were detected in streptomycin-pretreated mice. Imaging of intestinal tissues of mice infected with bioluminescent EHEC further confirmed tight association of the bacteria with the cecum and colon. Greater numbers of EHEC were also cultured from stool samples obtained from streptomycin-pretreated mice, as compared with those that received no antibiotics. Transmission electron microscopy shows that EHEC infection leads to microvillous effacement of mouse colonocytes. Hematoxylin and eosin staining of the colonic tissues of infected mice revealed a slight increase in the number of lamina propria polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Transmucosal electrical resistance, a measure of epithelial barrier function, was reduced in the colonic tissues of infected animals. Increased mucosal permeability to 4- kDa FITC-dextran was also observed in the colonic tissues of infected mice. Immunofluorescence microscopy showed that EHEC infection resulted in redistribution of the tight junction (TJ) proteins occludin and claudin-3 and increased the expression of claudin-2, whereas ZO-1 localization remained unaltered. Quantitative real-time PCR showed that EHEC altered mRNA transcription of OCLN, CLDN2, and CLDN3. Most notably, claudin-2 expression was significantly increased and correlated with increased intestinal permeability. Our data indicate that C57Bl/6J mice serve as an in vivo model to study the physiological effects of EHEC infection on the intestinal epithelium and suggest that altered transcription of TJ proteins has a role in the increase in intestinal permeability.
Weight loss and health-related quality of life: Results at 1-year follow-up

To evaluate the 1-year results of treatment-induced weight loss on health-related quality of life (HRQL), 32 mildly to moderately overweight persons who participated in a 13-week weight loss program completed the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36 Health Survey (SF-36) at baseline, immediately after the program, and at 1-year follow-up. At 1 year, 65.6% of participants maintained at least some weight loss. The improvements on HRQL observed immediately after treatment on the physical functioning, role-physical, general health, vitality, and mental health scales of the SF-36 were maintained only on the general health and vitality scales at 1 year. There were no significant differences between weight maintainers and weight regainers on change from baseline to 1-year follow-up on HRQL. Our findings suggest that treatment-induced weight loss among mildly to moderately overweight persons improves HRQL and that at least some of these benefits are maintained at 1-year follow-up regardless of whether the weight loss is maintained.
Generalized gauge independence and the physical limitations on the von Neumann measurement postulate

An analysis is presented of the significance and consequent limitations on the applicability of the von Neumann measurement postulate in quantum mechanics. Directly observable quantities, such as the expectation value of the velocity operator, are distinguished from mathematical constructs, such as the expectation value of the canonical momentum, which are not directly observable. A simple criterion to distinguish between the two types of operators is derived. The non-observability of the electromagnetic four-potentials is shown to imply the non-measurability of the canonical momentum. The concept of a mechanical gauge is introduced and discussed. Classically the Lagrangian is nonunique within a total time derivative. This may be interpreted as the freedom of choosing a “mechanical” (M) gauge function. In quantum mechanics it is often implicitly assumed that the M-gauge vanishes. However, the requirement that directly observable quantities be independent of the arbitrary mechanical gauge is shown to lead to results analogous to those derived from the requirement of electromagnetic gauge independence of observables. The significance of the above to the observability of transition amplitudes between field-free energy eigenstates in the presence (and absence) of electromagnetic fields is discussed. E- and M-gauge independent transition amplitudes between field-free energy eigenstates in the absence of electromagnetic fields are defined. It is shown that, in general, such measurable amplitudes cannot be defined in the presence of externally applied time-dependent fields. Transition amplitudes in the presence of time-independent fields are discussed. The path dependence of previous derivations of E-gauge independent Hamiltonians and/or transition amplitudes in the presence of electromagnetic fields are related to the inherent M-gauge dependence of these quantities in the presence of such fields.
CREST: An epoch-oriented routing control plane for Low-Power and Lossy Networks

There has been much recent interest in deploying IP-enabled routing and management protocols within Low-Power and Lossy Networks (LLN). For instance, the Routing Protocol for LLNs (RPL) forms a directed acyclic graph from which a routing tree can be selected. RPL is designed to dynamically modify routes in response to varying network conditions. However, many performance-sensitive LLN applications require stable routing trees with fixed homogeneous or heterogeneous transmission rates over defined time intervals. For these applications we introduce the CREST: Coordinated Routing for Epoch-based Stable Tree framework. CREST provides a LLN and IP-friendly routing control plane for supporting this application class. CREST is designed to supplement, rather than replace, LLN routing protocols such as RPL or CTP. We describe our implementation of CREST in the Contiki operating system. We also present a performance analysis for a utility maximization application using the framework comparing epoch-based protocols to an RPL approach. Our results show that the epoch-based protocols consistently deliver higher utility levels.
Inhibition of human prostate cancer growth, osteolysis and angiogenesis in a bone metastasis model by a novel mechanism‐based selective gelatinase inhibitor

Metastasis to the bone is a major clinical complication in patients with prostate cancer (PC). However, therapeutic options for treatment of PC bone metastasis are limited. Gelatinases are members of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family and have been shown to play a key role in PC metastasis. Herein, we investigated the effect of SB-3CT, a covalent mechanism-based MMP inhibitor with high selectivity for gelatinases, in an experimental model of PC bone metastases. Intraperitoneal (i.p.) treatment with SB-3CT (50 mg/kg) inhibited intraosseous growth of human PC3 cells within the marrow of human fetal femur fragments previously implanted in SCID mice, as demonstrated by histomorphometry and Ki-67 immunohistochemistry. The anti-osteolytic effect of SB-3CT was confirmed by radiographic images. Treatment with SB-3CT also reduced intratumoral vascular density and bone degradation in the PC3 bone tumors. A direct inhibition of bone marrow endothelial cell invasion and tubule formation in Matrigel by SB-3CT in vitro was also demonstrated. The use of the highly selective gelatinase inhibitors holds the promise of effective intervention of metastases of PC to the bone.