cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Comprehensive Granular Model for Decision Making with Complex

This chapter describes a comprehensive granular model for decision making with complex data. This granular model first uses information decomposition to form a horizontal set of granules for each of the data instances. Each granule is a partial view of the corresponding data instance; and aggregately all the partial views of that data instance provide a complete representation for the instance. Then, the decision making based on the original data can be divided and distributed to decision making on the collection of each partial view. The decisions made on all partial views will then be aggregated to form a final global decision. Moreover, on each partial view, a sequential M+1 way decision making (a simple extension of Yao’s 3-way decision making) can be carried out to reach a local decision. This chapter further categorizes stock price predication problem using the proposed decision model and incorporates the MLVS model for biological sequence classification into the proposed decision model. It is suggested that the proposed model provide a general framework to address the complexity and volume challenges in big data analytics.
Capsaicin induces G1/S cell cycle arrest leading to apoptosis of multiple myeloma cells through suppression of STAT3 activation and STAT3-regulated gene products

20039 Background: Agents that can block activated STAT3, a central player for proliferation, cell survival and chemoresistance, have a potential as therapeutic agents for the treatment of Multiple ...
The Pure Theory of Goverment Aid to Agriculture

THE main goal of agricultural policies of developed countries is to alleviate poverty on farms. The programs usually considered by governments to achieve this goal are (a) price-support, which can be described as shifting the demand for farm output outward; (b) acreage control; (c) subsidizing inputs; and (d) production controls. In order to examine the effectiveness of these aid programs, a model of the farm labor market is constructed.' Available econometric estimates for the United States are utilized by the model.
Cystic Fibrosis and Its Management Through Established and Emerging Therapies

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common life-shortening autosomal recessive disorder in the Caucasian population and occurs in many other ethnicities worldwide. The daily treatment burden is substantial for CF patients even when they are well, with numerous pharmacologic and physical therapies targeting lung disease requiring the greatest time commitment. CF treatments continue to advance with greater understanding of factors influencing long-term morbidity and mortality. In recent years, in-depth understanding of genetic and protein structure-function relationships has led to the introduction of targeted therapies for patients with specific CF genotypes. With these advances, CF has become a model of personalized or precision medicine. The near future will see greater access to targeted therapies for most patients carrying common mutations, which will mandate individualized bench-to-bedside methodologies for those with rare genotypes.
The Mechanochemistry of High Polymers

Abstract Several different schools of workers have dominated research in the field of polymer mechanochemistry. These include the Russian school with Baramboim, Berlin, Butyagin; Watson, Ceresa and others of the Natural Rubber Producers' Research Association; and a host of other European workers. Also active are the Japanese and Rumanian groups. In the U. S. the activity has centered at the National Bureau of Standards and in a number of labs including our own. The tables for the review summarize mechanochemical studies on individual polymers, multicomponent polymer systems, and on polymer solutions. For a field so important, it is surprising so few summaries have been prepared. An early review (1960), emphasizing the mechanical degradation of rubber, was prepared by Watson. The classic book on Mechanochemistry of Polymers by Baraboim was published in English in 1964. In the same year Watson also published an excellent book chapter on mechanochemical reactions. Other general volumes and reviews on polymer...
Evaluation of Longitudinal Control Algorithms for Small Unmanned Aerial Systems for Robustness to Throttle Saturation and Wind Disturbances

Typical control algorithms for altitude and airspeed control of small unmanned aerial system (SUAS) require in-flight tuning due to the difficulty in determining accurate dynamics parameters. This task is complicated by coupling between airspeed and altitude dynamics. Also, many SUAS airframes are optimized for endurance using low power propulsion systems which are susceptible to throttle saturation, and this can further complicate coupling between airspeed and altitude tracking. Three approaches to longitudinal control design are evaluated in this paper for use in SUAS where throttle saturation is likely and precise airspeed control is desired. A Total Energy Control system and a nested loop controller with separated altitude and airspeed loops, representing the two most common approaches used in COTS SUAS autopilots, are considered as well as a new throttle saturation robust controller which provides simplified gain selection in the presence of poorly known airframe dynamics. Simulation results show the relative performance resulting from reference maneuvers and wind gust disturbances, with particular focus on the effects of throttle saturation.
The calamus root: a study of American gay poetry since World War II.

SUMMARY This paper traces the development of gay poetry in America after World War II. A taxonomy and publishing history is outlined for various poetic movements. An overview is given of the aesthetic and thematic characteristics of the tradition and its connection to homosexual writing in the nineteenth century.
Confronting Farmer Suicides in India

This article translates the realities and lifeworlds that encircle agrarian distress in India by mapping multiple affective responses from India’s middle classes to farmer suicides. Highlighting un...
Paternal allocation of sequestered plant pyrrolizidine alkaloid to eggs in the danaine butterfly, Danaus gilippus.

Pyrrolizidine alkaloid sequestered by adult maleDanaus gilippus from plants is transferred in large measure to the female at mating, and by the female to the eggs. The eggs, presumably, are protected as a result. The male's courtship pheromone, danaidone, derived from the sequestered alkaloid, may function to advertise the male's alkaloid-donating capacity.
Effect of subunit composition and Liddle's syndrome mutations on biosynthesis of ENaC.

The epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) is comprised of three homologous subunits: α, β, and γ, all of which are required for formation of the fully functional channel. This channel is responsible for sa...
Well drilling emulator simulation

Adopting the simulation experiment technique in the well drilling cultivating can shorten cultivating time enormously, and decrease the expense, and cut down the hazard. Utilizing the virtual prototype to replace the physical prototype of a machine also may adjust well drilling production innovation design, testing and assessing, shorten the development cycle, cut down the cost, improve product design quality and enhance the capability to client and the demand in maketplace.
Quake isolation experiment of a 8-story ,big-space concrete masonry building

In order to study the aseismic behavior of a 8-story ,big-space isolated building with small-size concrete block in seismic regions of intensity 7, a model at 1/4 scale of the masonry building was designed and fabricated by theory of similitude. The construction measure was carried out according to the seismic demand for intensity 7.Four sandwich rubber bearings were put between the foundation and the bottom of the model structure. The isolation behavior of the isolated model structure was studied by a simulated earthquake test on a shaking table. The experimental results on shaking table show that the maximum acceleration of the construction bottom is reduced 50 percent higher than the table-board and we can reduce the intensity to design the isolated masonry building.
Meta-analysis of the Sensitivity and Specificity of Platform Posturography

Objective: To compare the sensitivity and specificity of platform posturography with other vestibular tests for patients with peripheral vestibular deficits (PVD), Meniere's disease, benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), and central nervous system-vestibular impairment (CNS). Data Sources: A computed search was conducted using theIndex Medicusdatabase (1966-1994) andCurrent Contents Science Editions. Study Selection: Studies were selected for analysis if the article addressed the sensitivity and/or specificity of platform posturography, compared posturography with another objective test of vestibular function, identified the basis for abnormal test results, and reported the data with sufficient detail to calculate an effect size from a 2×2 contingency table. Data Extraction: A count of the normal and abnormal test results for posturography and the criterion standard were retrieved from each article, analyzed using a x2statistic, and converted to an effect size. A positive effect size indicated that posturography identified abnormalities in patients who had normal tests on the criterion standard. Data Synthesis: Sensitivity and specificity of posturography were about 50%. The overall effect size was small (0.13) but positive. The diagnostic category had a significant influence on the predictive value of abnormal results (73% for Meniere's disease and BPPV, compared with 41% for PVD, and 44% for mixed CNS and PVD (F2,12=5.26, P=.02) and on the magnitude of the effect size (0.41 for mixed CNS and PVD compared with 0.22 for Meniere's disease and BPPV, and −0.10 for PVD (F2,12=13.95,P=.001). Conclusions: Platform posturography provides a measurable supplement to the standard vestibular examination. The enhancement was most notable when the target population included patients with CNS deficits. (Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1996;122:150-156)
Pathologic findings in pericardium and native valve tissues after aortic valve-sparing with autologous pericardial leaflet extension.

Background and aim of the study Aortic valve repair with autologous pericardial leaflet extension is a valuable treatment option for aortic valve disease. The study aim was to examine and describe the histopathologic changes in native and pericardial extension leaflet tissues after this procedure. Methods The pathologic findings of nine patients (mean age 26.7 +/- 2.9 years; range: 0-77 years) who underwent aortic valve repair with autologous leaflet extension were analyzed. The initial diagnosis included: bicuspid aortic valve (n = 4), truncus arteriosus (n = 3), ventricular septal defect (n = 1) and subaortic stenosis (n = 1). The pathologic endpoints of the study were fibrosis, calcification and myxomatous changes, based on a scale from 0 to 3. Results Fibrosis and calcification demonstrated similar grade results in the pericardial and native tissues; no statistical difference was observed (p = 0.261 and p = 0.999, respectively. Myxomatous degeneration was greater in the native tissue (p = 0.012). Among the native tissue group, five patients were graded 1 and three graded 3 for myxomatous degeneration. Among the pericardial tissue patients, six were graded 0, and one each were graded 1, 2, or 3. Conclusion Following aortic valve repair with pericardial leaflet extension, both the pericardial and native valve tissue are susceptible to myxomatous degeneration, fibrosis, and calcification. Among the present patients, myxomatous degeneration was more often present in the native tissue, but there was no difference in calcification or fibrosis between the native and pericardial tissue groups.
ASPECTS OF TRANSFERENCE IN GROUP PSYCHOTHERAPY.

(1965). Aspects of Transference in Group Psychotherapy. International Journal of Group Psychotherapy: Vol. 15, No. 2, pp. 167-176.
Overview of Dermatologic Care in Children

The skin of children undergoes changes from the time of birth that alters functional capacity, therefore the skin care regimen for children is dependent on their age. Infants and children have increased skin surface to body weight ratio, which can increase relative absorption of medications and potentially lead to adverse events and toxicity. In addition, the skin has increased absorptive capacity in premature and newborn infants that should be considered when choosing topical therapies. Special situations occur in infancy resulting in normal skin changes that may be addressed with simple interventions. This chapter provides an overview of recommended skin care practices for infants and children.
The Law of Nations and the United States Constitution

The Law of Nations and the United States Constitution offers a new lens through which anyone interested in constitutional governance in the United States should analyze the role and status of customary international law in U.S. courts. The book explains that the law of nations has not interacted with the Constitution in any single overarching way. Rather, the Constitution was designed to interact in distinct ways with each of the three traditional branches of the law of nations that existed when it was adopted — namely, the law merchant, the law of state-state relations, and the law maritime. By disaggregating how different parts of the Constitution interacted with different kinds of international law, the book provides an account of historical understandings and judicial precedent that will help judges and scholars more readily identify and resolve the constitutional questions presented by judicial use of customary international law today. Part I describes the three traditional branches of the law of nations and examines their relationship with the Constitution. Part II describes the emergence of modern customary international law in the twentieth century, considers how it differs from the traditional branches of the law of nations, and explains why its role or status in U.S. courts requires an independent, context-specific analysis of its interaction with the Constitution. Part III assesses how both modern and traditional customary international law should be understood to interact with the Constitution today.
Hardware framework for the rabbit stream cipher

Rabbit is a software-oriented synchronous stream cipher with very strong security properties and support for 128-bit keys. Rabbit is part of the European Union's eSTREAM portfolio of stream ciphers addressing the need for strong and computationally efficient (i.e., fast) ciphers. Extensive cryptanalysis confirms Rabbit's strength against modern attacks; attacks with complexity lower than an exhaustive key search have not been found. Previous software implementations have demonstrated Rabbit's high throughput, however, the performance in hardware has only been estimated. Three reconfigurable hardware designs of the Rabbit stream cipher - direct, interleaved and generalized folded structure (GFS) - are presented. On the Xilinx Virtex-5 LXT FPGA, a direct, resource-efficient (568 slices) implementation delivers throughputs of up to 9.16 Gbits/s, a 4-slow interleaved design reaches 25.62 Gbits/s using 1163 slices, and a 3-slow 8-GFS implementations delivers throughputs of up to 3.46 Gbits/s using only 233 slices.
Efficacy of Aerially-Applied Gypchek against Gypsy Moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) in the Appalachian Highlands

Gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar L., populations in six northern Virginia plots were aerially treated with the nucleopolyhedrosis virus product, Gypchek. Two applications of an aqueous Orzan LS-Pro Mo-Rhoplex B60A tank mix, each at 18.7 liters and 1.25 × 1012 polyhedral inclusion bodies per ha, reduced larvae by more than 92% and egg masses by more than 94% in all but one of the treated plots. Defoliation averaged 22% in Gypchek-treated plots compared to 67% in control plots.
A randomized controlled trial of community health workers using patient stories to support hypertension management: Study protocol

Abstract Background Uncontrolled hypertension is a significant public health problem in the U.S. with about one half of people able to keep blood pressure (BP) under control. Uncontrolled hypertension leads to increased risk of stroke, heart attack, and death. Furthermore, the social and economic costs of poor hypertension control are staggering. People living with hypertension can benefit from additional educational outreach and support. Methods This randomized trial conducted at two Community Health Centers (CHCs) in Massachusetts assessed the effect of community health workers (CHWs) assisting patients with hypertension. In addition to the support provided by CHWs, the study uses video narratives from patients who have worked to control their BP through diet, exercise, and better medication adherence. Participants enrolled in the study were randomly assigned to immediate intervention (I) by CHWs or a delayed intervention (DI) (4 to 6 months later). Each participant was asked to meet with the CHW 5 times (twice in person and three times telephonically). Study outcomes include systolic and diastolic BP, diet, exercise, and body mass index. Conclusion CHWs working directly with patients, using multiple approaches to support patient self-management, can be effective agents to support change in chronic illness management. Moreover, having culturally appropriate tools, such as narratives available through videos, can be an important, cost effective aid to CHWs. Recruitment and intervention delivery within a busy CHC environment required adaptation of the study design and protocols for staff supervision, data collection and intervention delivery and lessons learned are presented. Retrospective trial registration Clinical Trials.gov registration submitted 8/17/16: Protocol ID# 5P60MD006912-02 and Clinical trials.gov ID# NCT02874547 Community Health Workers Using Patient Stories to Support Hypertension Management.
Moving beyond the van Krevelen Diagram: A New Stoichiometric Approach for Compound Classification in Organisms.

van Krevelen diagrams (O/C vs H/C ratios of elemental formulas) have been widely used in studies to obtain an estimation of the main compound categories present in environmental samples. However, the limits defining a specific compound category based solely on O/C and H/C ratios of elemental formulas have never been accurately listed or proposed to classify metabolites in biological samples. Furthermore, while O/C vs H/C ratios of elemental formulas can provide an overview of the compound categories, such classification is inefficient because of the large overlap among different compound categories along both axes. We propose a more accurate compound classification for biological samples analyzed by high-resolution mass spectrometry based on an assessment of the C/H/O/N/P stoichiometric ratios of over 130 000 elemental formulas of compounds classified in 6 main categories: lipids, peptides, amino sugars, carbohydrates, nucleotides, and phytochemical compounds (oxy-aromatic compounds). Our multidimensional...
Cartographic Grounds: Projecting the Landscape Imaginary: by Jill Desimini and Charles Waldheim. Princeton Architectural Press, 2016. 272 Pages, $50.00 (paperback)

Cartographic Grounds is a beautifully conceived and executed book that explores the productive overlaps between mapping techniques and design representation. Desimini, a sophisticated producer of g...
Sterically shielded tetrazoles for a fluorogenic photoclick reaction: tuning cycloaddition rate and product fluorescence

A panel of sterically shielded tetrazoles with different N-aryl groups were synthesized and subsequently evaluated in the photoinduced tetrazole-alkene cycloaddition reaction. It was found that increase in the HOMO energy of the corresponding nitrile imines leads to a faster cycloaddition reaction along with a red shift in the fluorescence emission of the pyrazoline cycloadduct.
Empirically-Derived Population Size and Mutation Rate Guidelines for a Genetic Algorithm with Uniform Crossover

The Genetic Algorithm (GA) is employed by different users to solve many problems; however, various challenges and issues surround the appropriate form and parameter settings of the GA. One of these issues is the conflict between theory and experiment regarding the crossover operator. Experimental results suggest that the uniform crossover can provide better results for optimization, so many users wish to employ this approach. Unlike for the single-point crossover GA, no established set of guidelines exists to assist in choosing appropriate population sizes and mutation rates when using the uniform crossover. This paper presents the results of an empirical study to determine such guidelines by examining several parameter combinations on four mathematical functions and one engineering design problem. The resulting guidelines appear to be valid over these test problems. They are presented and discussed, with the intent that they may provide assistance to users of GAs with uniform crossover.
Ribavirin induced hemolysis: A novel mechanism of action against chronic hepatitis C virus infection

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is not usually cleared by our immune system, leading to the development of chronic hepatitis C infection. Chronic HCV induces the production of various cytokines, predominantly by Kupffer cells (KCs), and creates a pro-inflammatory state in the liver. The chronic dysregulated production of interferon (IFN) and other cytokines by KCs also promotes innate immune tolerance. Ribavirin (RBV) monotherapy has been shown to decrease inflammation in liver of patients with chronic hepatitis C. Sustained virological response (SVR) is significantly higher when IFN is combined with RBV in chronic HCV (cHCV) infection. However, the mechanism of their synergy remains unclear. Previous theories have attempted to explain the anti-HCV effect based on direct action of RBV alone on the virus or on the immune system; however, these theories have serious shortcomings. We propose that hemolysis, which universally occurs with RBV therapy and which is considered a limiting side effect, is precisely the mechanism by which the anti-HCV effect is exerted. Passive hemolysis results in anti-inflammatory/antiviral actions within the liver that disrupt the innate immune tolerance, leading to the synergy of RBV with IFN-α. Ribavirin-induced hemolysis floods the hepatocytes and KCs with heme, which is metabolized and detoxified by heme oxygenase-1 (HMOX1) to carbon monoxide (CO), biliverdin and free iron (which induces ferritin). These metabolites of heme possess anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Thus, HMOX1 plays an extremely important anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective role, particularly in KCs and hepatocytes. HMOX1 has been noted to have anti-viral effects in hepatitis C infected cell lines. Additionally, it has been shown to enhance the response to IFN-α by restoring interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). This mechanism can be clinically corroborated by the following observations that have been found in patients undergoing RBV/IFN combination therapy for cHCV: (1) SVR rates are higher in patients who develop anemia; (2) once anemia (due to hemolysis) occurs, the SVR rate does not depend on the treatment utilized to manage anemia; and (3) ribavirin analogs, such as taribavirin and levovirin, which increase intrahepatic ribavirin levels and which produce lesser hemolysis, are inferior to ribavirin for treating cHCV. This mechanism can also explain the observed RBV synergy with direct antiviral agents. This hypothesis is testable and may lead to newer and safer medications for treating cHCV infection.
Corporate Social Networks Effects on Perceived Organizational Support and Perceived Supervisor Support

Increasing use of online social network sites by organizations and their growing tendencies to establish an intraorganizational social network necessitates academic attention as to how these social networks can affect organizational outcomes. To fill this gap by a margin, this paper will theorize and propose ways in which corporate social networks are able to affect the perceived organizational support and the perceived supervisor support among employees. The study proposes that organizational use of corporate social networks positively affect employees’ perceptions of supervisor support and organizational support. It also suggests that the use of corporate social networks would help employees to have better evaluation of social and organizational support.
Predictors of symptomatic hyperviscosity in Waldenström macroglobulinemia.

Symptomatic hyperviscosity is a well-established phenomenon in Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia (WM). Monoclonal IgM can variably impact intrinsic serum viscosity, leading to widely disparate symptomatic thresholds for development of hyperviscosity-related symptoms. Data regarding the predictors of symptomatic hyperviscosity and outcomes related to this complication remain scarce and a recent study proposed that IgM >6000 mg/dL be considered a new criterion for initiating therapy in otherwise asymptomatic (smoldering) WM to pre-empt hyperviscosity-related injury. Herein, we attempt to identify predictors of the development of symptomatic hyperviscosity and its impact in patients with WM. Of 997 WM patients evaluated from January, 1996 through June, 2017, symptomatic hyperviscosity was observed in 130 (13%) patients. Overall survival (OS) of these 130 patients was similar to that of patients without symptomatic hyperviscosity (median: 11.5 vs 11.6 years; P = 0.63). On multivariate-analysis, only viscosity >1.8 cp (risk ratio: 4.0, P = 0.02) assessed at the time of WM diagnosis was an independent predictor for the development of subsequent symptomatic hyperviscosity. Among patients with smoldering WM and IgM >6000 mg/dL at diagnosis (n = 13) who were managed expectantly, the median time-to-initial therapy was 6.9 years and only 15% developed hyperviscosity-related symptoms subsequently. In summary, the occurrence of symptomatic hyperviscosity does not impact OS. Serum viscosity at diagnosis of WM, and not IgM concentration, represents the single most important independent predictor for development of subsequent hyperviscosity-related symptoms. Patients with smoldering WM and high serum IgM can be safely observed in the absence of any indications per the Consensus recommendations to initiate WM-directed therapy.
Vascular Causes of Posterior Hip Pain

The etiology of posterior hip pain is varied and is often assumed to arise from either musculoskeletal or neurologic origins. Vascular etiologies of posterior hip pain are less often encountered in the typical orthopedic practice; however, in the absence of musculoskeletal or neurologic causes for posterior hip pain, the diagnosis of buttock claudication of a vascular origin should be considered [1].
Disentangling Video with Independent Prediction.

We propose an unsupervised variational model for disentangling video into independent factors, i.e. each factor's future can be predicted from its past without considering the others. We show that our approach often learns factors which are interpretable as objects in a scene.
In reply to 'Interferon-gamma release assays have suboptimal sensitivity in both latent and active tuberculosis'.

[Extract] We thank Goetzinger et al. for their interest and comments about our work.1 They raise a number of valid points about the suboptimal performance of interferon-gamma release assays (IGRAs) in the diagnosis of tuberculous infection in pediatric populations. The tuberculin skin test (TST) and IGRA tests have known limitations for the diagnosis of latent tuberculous infection (LTBI).2 We propose, as suggested by Goetzinger et al., that these tests should be interpreted in the full clinical context.
Ultrasound-Guided Gastrointestinal and Genitourinary Procedures

Ultrasound-guided gastrointestinal and genitourinary procedures are routinely performed in the acute care settings. These include paracentesis, diagnostic peritoneal lavage, gastric tube placement, nasogastric tube placement, ultrasound-guided hernia reduction, bladder catheterization, suprapubic catheter placement and aspiration, and penile blocks. Ultrasound guidance allows these procedures to be performed in a safer fashion than traditional blind or landmark-based approaches, minimizing complications and unsuccessful attempts. With proper training, ultrasound guidance can be incorporated into these procedures with minimal difficulty because its use requires only minor modifications to traditional techniques. This chapter will discuss a variety of ultrasound-guided gastrointestinal and genitourinary procedures relevant to the clinical practice in acute care settings.
Esophageal cancer: How far is close enough?

e19049Background: According to Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) data, 5-year survival of esophageal cancer (EC) improved from 4.1% to almost 20% from 1975 to 2016, however, this i...
Effect of dietary electrolyte balance on nutrient digestibility determined at the end of the small intestine and over the total digestive tract in growing pigs

A replicated 4 x 4 Latin square digestion trial was conducted to determine the effect of electrolyte balance (EB = Na + K - Cl meq/kg of the diet) on apparent nutrient digestibilities in pigs fitted with ileal T-cannulas. Experimental diets were composed of corn and soybean meal with dietary EB altered by the substitution of CaCl2 for CaCO3, or NaHCO3 for corn and soybean meal. Electrolyte balance levels examined were -50, 100, 250 or 400 meq/kg of the diet. Increasing dietary EB concentration linearly increased (P less than .05 to P less than .02) apparent ileal digestibility of N, energy, DM and all amino acids, except alanine and methionine. However, nutrient and amino acid digestibilities measured over the total digestive tract were similar (P greater than .16) among EB levels. Increasing dietary EB resulted in a linear and quadratic (P less than .03) effect on daily urinary N excretion, resulting in a linear (P less than .05) improvement in N retention expressed both as a percentage of N intake and of absorbed N. Blood pH, total CO2, HCO3 and base excess concentrations increased linearly (P less than .02 to P less than .001) with increasing dietary EB. Dietary EB concentrations influenced nutrient and amino acid absorption measured near the end of the small intestine. Additionally, the N balance data per unit of N intake or N absorbed are indicative of an improved N utilization in pigs fed increasing dietary EB concentrations from -50 to 400 meq/kg.
Implementation of Early Onset Sepsis Calculator Safely Decreases Antibiotic Use and Laboratory Testing in Newborns Born to Mothers with Chorioamnionitis

Background: The management of newborns at risk for early-onset sepsis remains controversial, especially when they are well-appearing. Use of the Kaiser Permanente Neonatal Early-Onset Sepsis Risk Calculator has safely reduced the use of systemic antibiotics in neonates ≥ 34 weeks gestational age by weighing maternal and neonatal clinical data and assessing a newborn’s calculated risk of sepsis. Reducing the need for asymptomatic newborns exposed to systemic antibiotics has many advantages, such as avoiding separation from family, promoting early skin-to-skin and breastfeeding, reducing cost, and reducing antibiotic resistance. Our objective goal was to reduce antibiotic use in well-appearing newborns ≥ 35 weeks gestational age born to mothers with chorioamnionitis by 50% in a 12-month period. Our secondary goal was to …
Strategies for Sustainability of University-Based Medical Laboratory Sciences Programs.

The COVID-19 pandemic has taken a major toll on the economy and funding for public education. For that reason, the pandemic has a worrisome effect on the sustainability of university/college based Medical Laboratory Sciences MLS training programs. Stakeholders of university-based MLS programs include university administrators, students, clinical affiliates and faculty. Each group has specific goals and challenges that affect the sustainability of the program. This report details strategies that can be used to satisfy the goals specific to key stakeholders that lead to sustainability. These strategies apply in pandemic times and in the back-to-normal future.
NR4A1 suppresses cancer replication stress through R-loop-dependent inhibition of immediate early gene transcriptional elongation

Deregulation of oncogenic proliferative signals triggers replication stress in cancer cells to which they must adapt. Immediate early genes (IEGs), identified by their rapid stress-induced transient bursts of expression, are critical to integrating downstream signaling pathways. In studying tumor initiation by patient-derived breast cancer cells, we observed acquisition of open chromatin domains at the genebody and 39-UTR of IEGs, uniquely across the genome. Through in vivo and in vitro modeling, we show that the IEG and orphan nuclear receptor NR4A1 localizes across multiple IEG genebodies, where it binds to RNA Pol II, arresting transcriptional elongation and generating extensive R-loops and accessible chromatin. Acute stress promptly removes NR4A1 from IEG genebodies, triggering immediate release of their poised transcripts. In breast cancer cells, NR4A1 overexpression increases tumorigenesis; conversely, its deletion leads to uncompensated replication stress, chromosomal instability and mitotic catastrophe, driven by deregulation of its IEG target FOS. A large fraction of primary breast and other cancers exhibit open genebody chromatin at IEGs, consistent with preserved NR4A1 function. Thus, NR4A1 mediates a novel transcriptional elongation checkpoint, unique to stress-induced genes and required for their rapid bursts of expression. Cancers that have retained this mechanism in adapting to chronic replication stress may be dependent on NR4A1 for proliferation. Citation Format: Hongshan Guo, Gabriel Golczer, Shyamala Maheswaran, Michael S. Lawrence, Daniel A. Haber. NR4A1 suppresses cancer replication stress through R-loop-dependent inhibition of immediate early gene transcriptional elongation [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 2473.
Convolution Neural Network Based Infection Transmission Analysis on Covid -19 Using GIS and Covid Data Materials.

Towards the improvement of predicting and analyzing the infection transmission, a novel CNN (Convolution Neural Network) based Covid Infection Transmission Analysis (CNN-CITA) is presented in this article. The method works based on both GIS data set and the Covid data set. The method reads all the data from the data sets. From the remote sensing data, the method extracts different climate conditions like temperature, humidity, and rainfall. Similarly from Global Information System data set, the locations of the peoples are fetched and merged. The merged data has been split into number of time frame, at each condition, the data sets are merged. Such merged data has been trained with deep learning networks which support the search of person location and mobility. Based on the result and the data set maintained by the governments, the infection transmission rate has been measured on region basis. In each region of movement performed by any person, the method computes the infection Transmission Rate (ITR) in two time window as before and after. According to the infection rate and ITR value of different region, a subset of sources are selected as vulnerable sources. The method produces higher performance in predicting the vulnerable sources and supports the reduction of infection rate. Index Terms: CNN, CNN-CITA, Regional Transmission, Infection Rate, ITA, ITS, GIS, Remote Sensing Data.
The Making of Bronze Age Eurasia

1. Archaeological theory and archaeological evidence 2. The Chalcolithic Prelude - from social hierarchies and giant settlements to the emergence of mobile economies, ca. 4500-3500 BC 3. The Caucasus - donor and recipient of materials, technologies, and peoples to and from the ancient Near East 4. Taming the steppes - the development of miblie economies: from cattle herders with wagons to horseback riders tending mixed herds the continued eastward expansion of large-scale metallurgical production and exchange 5. Entering a sown world of irrigation agriculture - from the steppes to Central Asia and beyond: processes of movement, assimilation, and transformation into the 'civilized' world east of Sumer 6. The circulation of peoples and materials - evolution, devolution, and recurrent social formations on the Eurasian steppes and in West Asia: patterns and processes of interconnection during later prehistory.
Effect of bittercress size and gallery rate on postemergence bittercress control.

Abstract Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of Gallery (isoxaben) rate and hairy bittercress (Cardamine hirsuta L.) size on postemergence bittercress control and subsequent preemergence bittercress control. Treatments included Gallery applied at 0.56, 1.12, and 2.24 kg ai/ha (0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 lb ai/A), Image (imazaquin) applied at 0.070 kg ai/ha (0.06 lb ai/A), and a non-treated control. Treatments were applied to bittercress characterized as either small, intermediate, or large. A Gallery rate × bittercress size interaction for postemergence bittercress control was observed in experiment 1. At 28 days after treatment (DAT), the lowest Gallery rate [0.56 kg ai/ha (0.5 lb ai/A)] provided less than 40% control across all bittercress sizes; the middle Gallery rate provided 90% bittercress control of small and intermediate size bittercress but only 43% control of large bittercress, and the high Gallery rate provided 86 to 91% bittercress control across all bittercress sizes. At 28 DAT, con...
MUTUALLY INTERACTING INSTABILITIES IN THE MAGNETOSPHERE.

It may happen that a magnetospheric plasma can admit two or more instabilities of different types, for example, a high frequency instability (electrostatic or cyclotron) and a low frequency instability (hydromagnetic or drift wave). In many such cases, the plasma wave dynamics cannot even approximately be described by a simple linear superposition of the various instabilities which are possible, because slight changes in the plasma produced by one instability may cause major changes in the growth rate of another. It is always possible to describe this interaction mathematically by saving enough terms in the Vlasov-Maxwell equations (e.g., mode-mode coupling). To some extent a physically concise and useful description is supplied by following the analysis of Dupree (1966, 1967, 1968), certain aspects of which were rediscovered independently by the author in the course of the present work. In this analysis, one takes into account the influence of the instability wave fields on particle orbits which are used to calculate the dispersion relation. In this fashion, growth rates taken from the dispersion relation depend explicitly on wave intensities, in contrast to the usual linear stability calculations. In certain cases, this explicit dependence on wave intensities is essential for description of equilibrium, since the equilibrium conditions of quasi-linear theory (Kennel and Engelmann, 1966) cannot be applied.
Object Recognition by a Self-Organizing Neural Network which Grows Adaptively

We describe a new type or neural network for object recognition which we call a Cresceptron. The term “Cresceptron” was coined from Latin cresco (grow) and perceptio (perception). The primary objective of the Cresceptron framework is to automatically handle manually intractable tasks: such as constructing a network that can recognize many objects from real world images. The Cresceptron uses a hierarchical structure, and the network adaptively and incrementally grows through learning. For recognition, the network is made largely translationally invariant by using the same neuron at all the positions of each neural plane. Scale invariance is achieved through a multi-resolution representation with the framework of visual attention. Limited orientational invariance is obtained by variation tolerance. Complete orientational invariance is not sought here since the recognition should report also thc orientation. It is interesting to note that psychophysical studies have demonstrated that the human vision system does not have perfect invariance in either translation, scale, or orientation.
Experimental and theoretical rate constants for CH4 + O2 → CH3 + HO2

Abstract In this study, rate constants for the primary initiation process in low to moderate temperature CH4 oxidation CH4 + O2 → CH3 + HO2 have been measured in a reflected shock tube apparatus between 1655 and 1822 K using multipass absorption spectrometric detection of OH radicals at 308 nm. After rapid dissociation of HO2 yielding H atoms, which are instantaneously converted to OH by H + O2 → OH + O, the temporal concentration of OH radicals was observed as the final product from the rate-controlling title reaction. The present work utilizes 18 optical passes corresponding to a total path length of 1.6 m. This configuration gives a signal to noise ratio of unity at ∼ 3 × 10 12 radicals cm−3. Hence, kinetics experiments could be performed at conditions of low [CH4]0 (60–70 ppm), thereby substantially reducing secondary chemistry. Possible implications of CH4 dissociation contributing to the OH formation rates were considered. The present experimental results agree with a priori variational transition state theoretical (VTST) calculations, k th = 3.37 × 10 −19 T 2.745 exp ( − 26 , 041 K / T ) cm 3 molecule −1 s −1 , clearly showing overlap of experiment and theory, within experimental error. The new rate constant values obtained in this study are 8–10 times higher than the values used in the popular mechanisms GRI-Mech 3.0 and Leeds Methane Mechanism, version 1.5.
Distribution of Collagen IV in Human Ocular Tissues

Purpose To examine the distribution of the collagen alpha 1(IV) chain and a novel collagen alpha(IV)-related chain in human ocular tissue. Methods Two monoclonal antibodies, JK199 and M3F7, against the alpha 1(IV) chain, and one monoclonal antibody, JK132, against a novel alpha(IV)-related chain were used in the avidin biotin peroxidase complex procedure of immunohistochemical studies. In situ hybridization and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction were used to examine the presence of alpha 1(IV) messenger RNA in corneal epithelium. Results Our data indicate that monoclonal antibodies JK199 and M3F7 react with most ocular basement membranes, but not with those of corneal epithelium. Similarly, monoclonal antibody JK132 reacts with most basement membranes of ocular tissues, with the exception of the inner limiting membrane of neural retina, Bruch's membrane, and corneal epithelial basement membrane. To examine if the epitopes recognized by the monoclonal antibodies were masked in corneal epithelium, the tissue sections were subjected to limited enzyme digestion, that is, pepsin, hyaluronidase, trypsin, and pronase E, or chemical treatments such as 0.1 N NaOH or 6 M urea. Proteinase treatment removed the JK132 epitope from all ocular basement membranes examined. Despite the pretreatment, corneal epithelial basement membrane was not stained by any of the monoclonal antibodies. However, the alpha 1(IV) messenger RNA was detected in corneal epithelium by in situ hybridization and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Western immunoblotting indicates the presence of the alpha 1(IV) and the novel alpha(IV)-related chain in the basal lamella of corneal epithelium. Conclusions The epitopes recognized by JK199, M3F7, and JK132 are masked in basement membrane of corneal epithelium. Based on the tissue distribution and partial amino acid sequences of peptides recognized by JK132, the novel alpha(IV)-related chain differs from other known alpha(IV) chains.
PERIOSTITIS OSSIFICANS; ETIOLOGY OF FORMATION AND REPORT OF A CASE.

Abstract A case of a condition not commonly seen in dental practice, periostitis ossificans, has been described. The chemistry of calcium salt deposits in regions of tissue degeneration has been developed to show a possible relationship to this pathologic process, the possible cause of periostitis ossificans has been discussed, and the conditions that must be ruled out in the diagnosis of this entity have been briefly presented. It is suggested that the early recognition and therapy of a poor resorptive pattern in the presence of periosteal swellings will prevent the formation of periostitis ossificans.
Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) Affects Global Protein Synthesis in Dividing Human Cells

Hypoxic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is dependent on Notch-1 signaling for survival. Targeting Notch-1 by means of γ-secretase inhibitors (GSI) proved effective in killing hypoxic NSCLC. Post-mortem analysis of GSI-treated, NSCLC-burdened mice suggested enhanced phosphorylation of 4E-BP1 at threonines 37/46 in hypoxic tumor tissues. In vitro dissection of this phenomenon revealed that Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) inhibition was responsible for a non-canonical 4E-BP1 phosphorylation pattern rearrangement-a process, in part, mediated by APP regulation of the pseudophosphatase Styx. Upon APP depletion we observed modifications of eIF-4F composition indicating increased recruitment of eIF-4A to the mRNA cap. This phenomenon was supported by the observation that cells with depleted APP were partially resistant to silvestrol, an antibiotic that interferes with eIF-4A assembly into eIF-4F complexes. APP downregulation in dividing human cells increased the rate of global protein synthesis, both cap- and IRES-dependent. Such an increase seemed independent of mTOR inhibition. After administration of Torin-1, APP downregulation and Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 (mTORC-1) inhibition affected 4E-BP1 phosphorylation and global protein synthesis in opposite fashions. Additional investigations indicated that APP operates independently of mTORC-1. Key phenomena described in this study were reversed by overexpression of the APP C-terminal domain. The presented data suggest that APP may be a novel regulator of protein synthesis in dividing human cells, both cancerous and primary. Furthermore, APP appears to affect translation initiation using mechanisms seemingly dissimilar to mTORC-1 regulation of cap-dependent protein synthesis.
Aberration correction of ms pulses at 1.06 /spl mu/m using a loop conjugator with thermal gratings

Summary form only given. The use of thermal gratings for conjugation offers several important advantages, among these its low threshold, tolerance for high average power, and ability to operate with a relatively short coherence length. This paper describes conjugation of highly aberrated 1-ms pulses using a loop scheme incorporating a Nd:YAG amplifier. We call this scheme a thermal nonlinearity loop (TNL).
Current development of silver nanoparticle preparation, investigation, and application in the field of medicine

The invited review covers different research areas of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), including the synthesis strategies of AgNPs, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties of AgNPs, osteoconductive and osteoinductive activities of AgNP-based materials, and potential toxicity of AgNPs. The potential mechanisms of AgNP's biological efficacy as well as its potential toxicity are discussed as well. In addition, the current development of AgNP applications, especially in the area of therapeutics, is also summarized.
Applications of advanced transmission electron microscopy techniques in gate stack scaling

Advanced gate dielectric stacks are comprised of multiple layers of different materials, including high-k gate dielectrics, high-mobility semiconductor channels, metal gate electrodes and interfacial layers with sub-nanometer thickness. The composition, point defect chemistry, interface atomic structure and interaction between the layers determine the properties of novel gate stacks. This paper reviews recent applications of advanced transmission electron microscopy techniques to determine the atomic structure and defects in advanced gate stacks.