cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Monolayer hydration governs nonideality in osmotic pressure of protein solutions

Strong nonideality observed in the osmotic pressure of concentrated globular proteins in aqueous media of moderate salt concentrations has long been associated with protein–protein interaction. As a consequence, virial expansions, based on the McMillan–Mayer theory, have been used to extract the physical phenomena observed. Our recent articles showed that a free-solvent model assuming hydration and salt binding are dominate factors for nonlinearity, successfully modeled BSA (67 kDa) and IgG (155 kDa) protein aqueous solutions at moderate salt concentrations. Similar findings for lysozyme (HEL, 14 kDa) and ovalbumin (45 kDa) are reported here. More significantly, the independently calculated hydration values regressed from the osmotic pressure data were compared with the solvent accessible surface areas of each protein investigated. The results showed that the hydration values determined from the free-solvent model are remarkably a monolayer equivalent of water.
Aerosol single scattering albedo retrieved from measurements of surface UV irradiance and a radiative transfer model

produce values of w. Its value ranged from 0.65 to 0.91 at 300 nm, 0.71 to 0.96 at 305.5 nm, 0.73 to 0.97 at 311.4 nm, 0.74 to 0.91 at 317.6 nm, 0.76 to 0.96 at 325.4 nm, 0.77 to 0.97 at 332.4 nm, and 0.80 to 0.99 at 368 nm. Error in this procedure decreases with increasing aerosol optical depth (AOD), from ±0.63 at AOD = 0.05 to ±0.04 at AOD = 1.0 averaged over the seven wavelengths. The current values of w have a slightly wider variation than values reported from a previous study at the same site. The lower values of w could indicate that, over the site, preferential absorption of UVradiation by black carbon aerosols could be occurring. More values of w in the UV spectrum will allow for better estimation of this parameter for UV radiative transfer modeling and will lessen error in estimation of surface UV irradiances. INDEX TERMS: 0305 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Aerosols and particles (0345, 4801); 0360 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Transmission and scattering of radiation; 0394 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Instruments and techniques;
Photonic crystal dumbbell cavity for low-power optomechanical actuation

Photonic crystal slot cavities are designed with Q up to 2×106. Strong field confinement allows for significant gradient optical force actuation. Measured devices show high extinction ratio and mechanical resonance at low optical driving power.
Dorsal onlay graft urethroplasty for repair of bulbar urethral stricture.

AbstractPurpose: We report the early outcome of dorsal full-thickness penile skin grafts in the repair of bulbar urethral stricture.Materials and Methods: During 27 months 29 men with a mean age of 43 years (range 10 to 81) underwent dorsal onlay graft urethroplasty. Followup included retrograde urethrogram at 3 weeks, 3 months and 12 to 18 months, and thereafter when needed. Urinary flow was recorded as subjectively reported by the patients.Results: The technique was used only for bulbar urethral strictures. A total of 23 patients (79%) had undergone previous direct vision urethrotomy and/or open surgery. Dorsal onlay graft urethroplasty was used alone in 12 patients (41%), and was performed with partial stricture excision and ventral strip anastomosis in 13 (45%). In another 4 patients (14%) the procedure was combined with an Orandi flap because the stricture extended significantly into the penile urethra. Penile skin grafts were used in 27 patients (93%), whereas buccal mucosa was harvested in 2. Mean ...
Curse-of-Dimensionality Free Method for Bellman PDEs with Hamiltonian Written as Maximum of Quadratic Forms

Max-plus methods have been explored for solution of first-order, nonlinear Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman partial differential equations (HJB PDEs) and corresponding nonlinear control problems. These methods exploit the max-plus linearity of the associated semigroups. Although these methods provide advantages, they still suffer from the curse-of-dimensionality. Here we consider HJB PDEs where the Hamiltonian takes the form of a (pointwise) maximum of quadratic forms. We obtain a numerical method not subject to the curse-of-dimensionality. The method is based on construction of the dual-space semigroup corresponding to the HJB PDE. This dual-space semigroup is constructed from the dual-space semigroups corresponding to the constituent quadratic Hamiltonians. The actual computations in the algorithm involve repeatedly computing coefficients of quadratics which are obtained as the maxima of two other quadratics.
Integrated modeling for determining launch survival and limitations of actuated lightweight mirrors

The future of space telescopes lies in large, lightweight, segmented aperture systems. Segmented apertures eliminate manufacturability and launch vehicle fairing diameter as apertures size constraints. Low areal density, actuated segments allow the systems to meet both launch mass restrictions and on-orbit wavefront error requirements. These systems, with silicon carbide as a leading material, have great potential for increasing the productivity, affordability, and manufacturability of future space-based optical systems. Thus far, progress has been made on the manufacturing, sensing, actuation, and on-orbit control of such systems. However, relatively little attention has been paid to the harsh environment of launch. The launch environment may dominate aspects of the design of the mirror segments, with survivability requirements eliminating many potentially good designs. Integrated modeling of a mirror segment can help identify trends in mirror geometries that maximize launch performance, ensuring survivability without drastically over designing the mirror. A finite element model of a single, ribbed, actuated, silicon carbide mirror segment is created, and is used to develop a dynamic, state-space model, with launch load spectra as disturbance inputs, and mirror stresses as performance outputs. The parametric nature of this model allows analysis of many geometrically different mirror segments, helping to identify key parameters for launch survival. The modeling method described herein will enable identification of the design decisions that are dominated by launch, and will allow for development of launch-load alleviation techniques to further push the areal density boundaries in support of the creation of larger and lighter mirrors than previously possible.
Two methods for auto-organizing personal web history

Two methods for automatically organizing personal web history were developed and evaluated, and compared to the Internet Explorer history. One method grouped visited web pages based on similarity of root URL and time co-occurrence. The second method started with the similarity ratings and further associated or dissociated web pages using an associative learning rule. In a preliminary experiment, participants reported that both methods organized their web history significantly more like their own mental organization of their web history than did IE history. Participants were also faster to revisit web pages using both organizations than when using IE history.
Multi‐scale features for identifying individuals in large biological databases: an application of pattern recognition technology to the marbled salamander Ambystoma opacum

Summary 1. Capture‐mark‐recapture (CMR) studies provide essential information on demography, movement and other ecological characteristics of rare and endangered species. This information is required by managers to focus conservation strategies on the most relevant threats and life stages, identify critical habitat areas, and develop benchmarks for measuring success in recovery plans. However, CMR studies have been limited by individual identification methods that are not effective or practical for many types of organisms. 2. We develop a pattern recognition algorithm and photo-identification method that uses photographs taken in the field to identify individual marbled salamanders ( Ambystoma opacum ), using their dorsal patterns as ‘fingerprints.’ The algorithm ranks all images in a database against each other in order of visual similarity. We couple this technology with a graphic user interface to visually confirm or reject top-ranked algorithm results. Using this process, we analyse all adult salamander captures from one year of a long-term study. 3. In a database of 1008 images, the algorithm identified 95% of 101 known matches in the top 10 ranks (i.e. top 1% of all images). Time spent on manual elements of the matching process was estimated at one minute per image, permitting full indexing of all capture records. 4. Capture histories constructed from matched images identified 366 individuals that were captured between 2 and 5 times. Of these, less than 2% were captured at more than one of the 14 pond basins included in the study, suggesting that migrations were strongly directional to and from basins and that ‘pond-shopping’ among first-time breeders was infrequent. Females arrived at basins later, remained longer, and experienced more weight-loss than males during the breeding period. 5. Synthesis and applications. We develop, test, and apply a pattern recognition algorithm that enables efficient identification of individual marbled salamanders in a database exceeding 1000 images. We expect that this algorithm can be modified to facilitate individual identification in many other organisms because it does not rely on manual coding or discrete geometric pattern features. High performance results suggest that it can be scaled to larger databases, allowing biologists to address critical conservation-based questions regarding demography, reproduction and dispersal of rare and endangered species.
Source of Sand Dunes of Southeastern California and Northwestern Sonora, Mexico

Extensive dunes of southwestern California and northwestern Sonora, Mexico, were derived mainly from Cenozoic Colorado River delta sediment. All dune sand and sandy delta sediment have K-feldspar in excess of plagioclase, abundant volcanic fragments, detrital Cretaceous Foraminifera, and abundant detrital calcite and dolomite. Sands derived from local crystalline bedrock and carried by the Whitewater River and major washes entering the Salton Basin lack these features.
The Ideological Bases of Lévi-Strauss's Structuralism

It is clear that Levi-Strauss combines in his writings, and often inextricably, the roles of anthropologist (read scientist) and philosopher (read ideologist). This rather unusual combination of anthropological and philosophical dimensions of Levi-Strauss's thought is the result of two tendencies that often seem to be pulling in different directions: his scientific conception of socio-cultural phenomena (or the delineation of a scientific method for harnessing human behavior under the rubric of sociological laws), on the one hand, and his conception of what society should be (or the ideological statement of what constitutes a “good sociological life”), on the other. In order to understand the nature of structuralism and Levi-Strauss's contributions to anthropological theory and practice, these two aspects of his thought must be clearly distinguished. This is what I hope to accomplish in this article.
Bis-Anthracycline Antibiotics Inhibit Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Transcription

The increasing numbers of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) strains that exhibit resistance to antiretroviral agents used at present require the development of new effective antiretroviral compounds. Tat transactivation was recognized early on as an attractive target for drug interference. To screen for and analyze the effects of compounds that interfere with Tat transactivation, we developed several cell-based reporter systems in which enhanced green fluorescence protein is a direct and quantitative marker of HIV-1 expression or Tat-dependent long terminal repeat activity. Using these reporter cell lines, we found that the bis-anthracycline WP631, a recently developed DNA intercalator, efficiently inhibits HIV-1 expression at subcytotoxic concentrations. WP631 also abrogated acute HIV-1 replication in peripheral blood mononuclear cells infected with various primary virus isolates. We demonstrate that WP631-mediated HIV-1 inhibition is caused by the inhibition of Tat transactivation. The data presented suggest that WP631 could serve as a lead compound for a new type of HIV-1 inhibitor.
The Incidence and Effect of Job Training among Japanese Women

Using panel data of Japanese women, this paper analyzes who participates in firm-initiated training programs and the effect of this participation on wage level and wage growth. The analysis found that workers with stronger educational backgrounds are more likely to participate in firm-initiated training activities. Training participation and wage are positively correlated. Even after controlling for endogenous selection into training participation by a first-difference estima- tion, current training participation significantly explains current wage growth.
Cross-National Couples in the Mainland United States

Cross-national marriage is often included in discussions of differences in race, ethnicity, and culture, but its group identity and concerns specific to cross-national couples appear to be unclear. This article explores several aspects that are pertinent to understanding cross-national couples in the mainland United States. Counseling considerations including counselor cultural competency are also discussed. The need for more research and clinical attention to investigate the breadth and complexity of cross-national marriage is addressed.
Comparison of pre-workout nitric oxide stimulating dietary supplements on skeletal muscle oxygen saturation, blood nitrate/nitrite, lipid peroxidation, and upper body exercise performance in resistance trained men

We compared Glycine Propionyl-L-Carnitine (GlycoCarn®) and three different pre-workout nutritional supplements on measures of skeletal muscle oxygen saturation (StO2), blood nitrate/nitrite (NOx), lactate (HLa), malondialdehyde (MDA), and exercise performance in men. Using a randomized, double-blind, cross-over design, 19 resistance trained men performed tests of muscular power (bench press throws) and endurance (10 sets of bench press to muscular failure). A placebo, GlycoCarn®, or one of three dietary supplements (SUPP1, SUPP2, SUPP3) was consumed prior to exercise, with one week separating conditions. Blood was collected before receiving the condition and immediately after exercise. StO2 was measured during the endurance test using Near Infrared Spectroscopy. Heart rate (HR) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were determined at the end of each set. A condition effect was noted for StO2 at the start of exercise (p = 0.02), with GlycoCarn® higher than SUPP2. A condition effect was also noted for StO2 at the end of exercise (p = 0.003), with SUPP1 lower than all other conditions. No statistically significant interaction, condition, or time effects were noted for NOx or MDA (p > 0.05); however, MDA decreased 13.7% with GlycoCarn® and increased in all other conditions. Only a time effect was noted for HLa (p 0.05); however, GlycoCarn® resulted in a statistically insignificant greater total volume load compared to the placebo (3.3%), SUPP1 (4.2%), SUPP2 (2.5%), and SUPP3 (4.6%). None of the products tested resulted in favorable changes in our chosen outcome measures, with the exception of GlycoCarn® in terms of higher StO2 at the start of exercise. GlycoCarn® resulted in a 13.7% decrease in MDA from pre- to post-exercise and yielded a non-significant but greater total volume load compared to all other conditions. These data indicate that 1) a single ingredient (GlycoCarn®) can provide similar practical benefit than finished products containing multiple ingredients, and 2) while we do not have data in relation to post-exercise recovery parameters, the tested products are ineffective in terms of increasing blood flow and improving acute upper body exercise performance.
Brain abscess due to Streptococcus acidominimus: first case report.

Abstract Background Streptococcus acidominimus resembles Streptococcus viridans , but they can now be differentiated by phenotypic studies. Only a single previous case of pneumonia, pericarditis, and meningitis has been reported. Case Description We recently encountered a patient with brain abscess from which S acidominimus was isolated after initially being recorded as S viridans. Because 49% of all S viridans isolated from abscesses are resistant to β -lactam antimicrobials, speciation is important as well as in vitro sensitivity testing. Streptococcus acidominimus is ordinarily sensitive to β -lactams, and the use of ceftriaxone for 6 weeks successfully resulted in cure of the brain abscess. Conclusion The use of speciation in treatment of S viridans should improve clinical outcomes.
Shallow, Intermediate, and Deep Overturning Components of the Global Heat Budget

Abstract The ocean's overturning circulation and associated heat transport are divided into contributions based on water mass ventilation from 1) shallow overturning within the wind-driven subtropical gyres to the base of the thermocline, 2) overturning into the intermediate depth layer (500–2000 m) in the North Atlantic and North Pacific, and 3) overturning into the deep layers in the North Atlantic (Nordic Seas overflows) and around Antarctica. The contribution to South Pacific and Indian heat transport from the Indonesian Throughflow is separated from that of the subtropical gyres and is small. A shallow overturning heat transport of 0.6 PW dominates the 0.8-PW total heat transport at 24°N in the North Pacific but carries only 0.1–0.4 PW of the 1.3-PW total in the North Atlantic at 24°N. Shallow overturning heat transports in the Southern Hemisphere are also poleward: −0.2 to −0.3 PW southward across 30°S in each of the Pacific and Indian Oceans but only −0.1 PW in the South Atlantic. Intermediate wate...
Prestige Allocation in Astronomical Research A Study of Dysfunctional Aspects

Equipment costs make the stratification pyramid in astronomy unusually steep. Consequently, the allocation of rewards operates very much to the accumulative advantage of those already successful, causing extreme competition in forms deleterious to the research needs of the field: Needed basic research becomes a zone of avoidance and valuable data are ignored because originality and novelty are rewarded, while research requiring error-prone measurements lacks scientific prestige. The effects of the accumulative advantage are enhanced by the Matthew Effect, the disproportionate recognition of achievement by the prestigious and the withholding of recognition from those journals, research specialties, research methods, institutions, and researchers not already prestigious. Procedures engendered under these conditions reflect distortions of scientific judgment and disruption of scientific cooperation.
Greater vertical loading rate in obese compared to normal weight young adults

Abstract Background Obesity is a risk factor for knee osteoarthritis. Altered gait biomechanics are common in obese individuals, and may contribute to the development of knee osteoarthritis. Research has focused on older obese adults with knee osteoarthritis, and it is unclear if young obese individuals display similar aberrant biomechanics. The purpose of this study was to compare gait biomechanics between normal-weight and obese young adults. Methods 15 normal-weight (body mass index=21.5 (1.1)) and 15 obese (body mass index=33.5 (3.7)) young adults were recruited and categorized by body mass index. Lower extremity kinematics and kinetics were collected while participants walked at standardized (1m/s) and self-selected speeds. Analysis of variance (group by condition) was used to compare peak vertical ground reaction force, vertical loading rate, peak internal knee extension moment, peak internal knee abduction moment, peak knee flexion angle, and knee flexion excursion between groups. Findings Gait biomechanics did not differ between groups during walking at a self-selected speed. When walking at a standardized speed, obese subjects displayed greater instantaneous vertical loading rates (46.2 vs. 35.0N/s, P P =0.04). Instantaneous vertical loading rate was greater during walking at a self-selected speed compared to a standardized speed in the obese ( P =0.007) and normal weight groups ( P =0.001). Interpretation As greater loading rates are related to cartilage degeneration, these results suggest that obesity may contribute to knee osteoarthritis. Prospective studies are needed to identify the influence of higher loading rates on knee osteoarthritis.
Some Aspects of Airfoil Skin Friction

TH E aerodynamic phases of airplane design have, along with other subdivisions, made great advances in the past decade. The large airplane in particular has changed from an externally braced structure to one of extremely clean appearance. As a result of these developments t h a t portion of the resistance which depends exactly on the square of the velocity has gradually decreased in importance. At the same time, the portion of airplane drag due to skin friction has become an increasingly large par t of the total . This lat ter item is now known to depend on the Reynolds Number of the flow, on the roughness of the surface of the exposed body, and on the initial turbulence of the relative air stream. Unfortunately, however, quant i ta t ive da ta covering all these effects are not available for all shapes of bodies. A further result of the present t rend toward aerodynamic cleanness has been to increase in importance the profile-drag of the airplane wing. This paper is concerned with some problems relating to the skin friction of airfoils, and particularly with methods for determining full-scale drag values from wind-tunnel tests a t rather low Reynolds Numbers .
Interatomic Potentials and the Bonding Energetics of Polytetrahedral Packing in Transition Metal Alloys

The discovery of quasicrystals1, recent work on the theory of metallic glasses,2,3 and continued interest in the Frank-Kasper phases all provide impetus for understanding the bonding energetics associated with polytetrahedral atomic configurations as building blocks for complex structures. Previous theoretical work has successfully explained the observed stability regions for a few specific PTP phases4,5 (we define PTP phases to be those close packed phases in which all atoms sit at the vertices of tetrahedra, such as the Frank-Kasper phases and possibly some quasicrystals) within the framework of tight binding theory. In addition, Watson and Bennett6 have made a general empirical study of the trends in the relative stability of the majority of the Frank-Kasper phases, using atomic size concepts and d-band hole counts. In this work we provide a more general theoretical analysis, based on total energy calculations, of the factors favoring PTP over fcc packing. This analysis is directly complementary to the empirical analysis of Watson and Bennett,6 and explains empirically observed trends in the relative stability of PTP on the basis of angle-dependent effective interatomic potentials.
Remote Aquifer Response to the 18 November 1755 Cape Anne Earthquake

The historic earthquake of 18 November 1755, the largest in the New England catalog, was felt widely throughout the American colonies and adjacent Canada (Street and Lacroix, 1979; Ebel and Kafka, 1991). Moderate damage—toppled stone walls, broken chimneys, cracks and liquefaction—was largely restricted to the lowland north of Boston near Cape Anne, with an inferred epicenter on the continental shelf to the east (42.70°N, 70.30°W. The earthquake has been assigned an epicentral Modified Mercalli intensity of 8 and a magnitude of 6.0. Abrupt, long-term changes in the flow rate and chemistry of water wells from five Connecticut colonial towns coincided with the earthquake and were interpreted as local responses to ground shaking up to 275 km from the 1755 epicenter (Figure 1; Thorson, in press). Based on reconstructions in Street and Lacroix (1979), these hydrologic changes took place in a zone having a MMI of V. Three of the towns (Franklin, Lebanon, and Lisbon) are in southeastern Connecticut (41.5°N, 72.00°W), terrain underlain by Paleozoic and late Proterozoic granitic and high-grade metamorphic rocks (Rodgers, 1985). A fourth town, Farmington (41.00°N, 72.83°W), lies an additional 50 km to the west within the Hartford Basin, a sediment-filled, early Mesozoic half-graben. The furthest town to experience groundwater changes (Bethlehem; 41.63°N, 73.20°W) is underlain by Ordovician schists. All five towns are mantled by glacial till and meltwater stream deposits, into which the colonial wells were dug. ### The Questionnaire In 1799, the newly formed Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences inaugurated a project to collect “every species of information... relative to the... Natural... history... of the State.” They created a questionnaire covering the breadth of post-Colonial life, ranging from town history and ecclesiastical affairs to race relations, soils, hydropower, the weather, and other phenomena, sending it to “informed” gentleman who were, more often than not, Yale-educated …
The Potential for Engineering Enhanced Functional-Feed Soybeans for Sustainable Aquaculture Feed

Aquaculture is the most rapidly growing segment of global animal production that now surpasses wild-capture fisheries production and is continuing to grow 10% annually. Sustainable aquaculture needs to diminish, and progressively eliminate, its dependence on fishmeal-sourced feed from over-harvested fisheries. Sustainable aquafeed sources will need to be primarily of plant-origin. Soybean is currently the primary global vegetable-origin protein source for aquaculture. Direct exchange of soybean meal for fishmeal in aquafeed has resulted in reduced growth rates due in part to soybean's anti-nutritional proteins. To produce soybeans for use in aquaculture feeds a new conventional line has been bred termed Triple Null by stacking null alleles for the feed-relevant proteins Kunitz Trypsin Inhibitor, lectin, and P34 allergen. Triple Null is now being further enhanced as a platform to build additional transgene traits for vaccines, altered protein composition, and to produce high levels of β-carotene an intrinsic orange-colored aquafeed marker to distinguish the seeds from commodity beans and as the metabolic feedstock precursor of highly valued astaxanthin.
Transmission of digital information over cell phone audio channels

This project was designed to assess the viability of transmitting data over cell phone audio channels through the use of vowel-like sounds. Sound data was generated by using LPC to generate signals with bandwidth and resonant frequencies corresponding to known formants. Modifications were made to the pulse train and formant frequencies to improve detection performance. A filter bank was also implemented to balance the magnitudes of the frequencies for the symbol set. These symbols were transmitted over a pair of connected cell phones and processed using the Goertzel algorithm. The experiments were carried out over one set of cell phones and repeated multiple times in the same conditions to ensure accuracy. The final system determined that all 10 of the formants tested were potential symbols. Future work should be dedicated to automating detection and determining a transmission rate for the system.
Teachable Moments Matter for: An analysis of the use of Pharmacy Curriculum Outcomes Assessment (PCOA) scores within one professional program

Abstract Editors Note: The Teachable Moments Matter category of articles is designed to offer readers insight into a methodological issue identified within a companion article. Written in collaboration with one of these authors, these articles provide an opportunity to focus on a challenge experienced by the authors and, in the process, provide one or more perspectives as to how to successfully navigate this issue. Notably, this "issue" is not necessarily a problem (as this first paper in this series demonstrates). The Journal hopes this case-based approach will help highlight an issue nuance in context, something that might get "lost" in the entirety of a full-length article. This article discusses the importance of communicating a conceptual framework (i.e., theory) as a basis for scholarly articles. A specific example in the companion article is use of validity theory. In our community of researchers, we need to better communicate a conceptual framework as a basis to allow others to build on and grow our knowledge in pharmacy education.
MODERN WOMEN –SELF GUARDS HERSELF

Human Rights are basic right to which every individual is entitled as a human being. They are the minimum rights, which are compulsorily obtainable by every individual. The constitution of India also guarantees the equality of rights of men and women. However, in the sphere of women’s human rights in India, there exists a wide gulf between theory and practice. Indian society is a male dominated society where men are always considered to be superior. The women in India very often have to face discrimination, injustice and dishonour. Though women in India have been given more rights as compared to men, even then the condition of women in India is miserable. This paper will throw light on the human rights of women in India and also on how all the fundamental rights given to the women are being violated in India, by focusing on the various crimes done against them and also how women started defending herself during the time of need.
Noninfectious Environmental Agents and Autoimmunity

Autoimmune diseases appear to be rapidly increasing in recognition throughout the world, yet the precise mechanisms for their development remain unclear. Evidence from several lines of investigation, however, implies that they develop after the interactions of both environmental and genetic risk factors. Compared to the genetic data available, relatively little information has been generated to allow understanding of the role of environment agents in the development of autoimmunity. Here, the specific drugs, biologic agents, occupational, chemical, and other non-infectious exposures that have been suspected of being involved, the possible mechanisms by which these agents may induce and sustain autoimmune processes, and the approaches needed to better understand these issues in the future are reviewed. Defining the necessary and sufficient environmental and genetic risk factors for autoimmunity could allow for the prevention of some illnesses in the future through avoidance of environmental risk factors by genetically susceptible individuals.
Contribution of Chemotherapy Mobilization to Disease Control in Multiple Myeloma Treated with Autologous Transplantation

Background: Autologous hematopoietic progenitor cells (auto-HC) can be mobilized either by hematopoietic growth factors (GF) alone or cytotoxic chemotherapy + GF (CC+GF). The latter is associated with higher CD34+ yields, but is associated with increased costs and risks of infection and hospitalization. In patients with multiple myeloma (MM) undergoing Auto-HCT, it is uncertain whether mobilization with CC+GF affects post transplant outcomes. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients with MM undergoing their first AHPCT following high dose melphalan (≥140 mg/m2) between 2007 and 2012 in US and Canada and registered with the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research (CIBMTR). Patients who had a planned subsequent allogeneic transplant, received VAD or similar induction therapy, had disease progression prior to transplant, or were mobilized with plerixafor were excluded from the analysis. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS) and the main secondary end-points were transplant-related mortality (TRM), relapse and overall survival (OS). Results: There were 519 patients in GF and 449 in CC+GF with median follow-up of 42 and 46 months respectively. The most common mobilizing CC regimen was single agent cyclophosphamide (71%). GF and CC+GF groups were similar but there were more patients in GF with only one prior line of therapy, lenalidomide exposure and CR at the time of transplant and more patients in CC+GF with low HCT co-morbidity index, prior thalidomide exposure and planed second autologous transplant (Table 1). Median number of days for auto-HC collection was 2 (IQR 1-3) in GF and 1 (IQR 1-3) in CC+GF (P 0.5 x 109/L) was similar between groups (13 vs. 13 days, P=0.69) while platelet engraftment (> 20 x 109/L) was faster in CC+GF (median 19 vs. 18 days, P=0.006). There was no difference between groups in number of hospitalization days (14 vs. 14, P=0.7). In univariate analysis, there was no significant difference between the two groups in OS, PFS, or TRM. In multivariate analysis, stage III at diagnosis and Karnofsky status 2, Stage III at diagnosis and immunoglobulin isotype (IgG/IgA/Others), but not mobilization were associated with OS. Adjusted 3-years PFS was 43% (95% C.I. 38-48) in GF and 40% (95% C.I. 35-45) in CC+GF, P=0.33 (Figure). Adjusted 3-years OS was 82% (95% C.I. 78-86) vs 80% (95% C.I. 75-84), P=0.43 and adjusted 5-year OS was 62% (95C.I. 54-68) vs. 60% (95% C.I. 52-67), P=0.76, for GF and CC+GF respectively (Figure). Conclusions: MM patients undergoing AHPCT have similar outcomes irrespective of the use of cytotoxic chemotherapy mobilization. We found no evidence that chemotherapy mobilization contributes to disease control in MM. Disclosures Costa:Sanofi: Honoraria.
Parotid tuberculosis: A diagnostic dilemma

AbstractTuberculosis of the parotid gland is a rare condition, even in endemic countries. It usually presents as a slow growing swelling, which can be mistaken for a neoplasm of the parotid gland. Diagnosis is by high suspicion and demonstration of epithelioid granulomas on fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). Herein, we report a case of parotid tuberculosis, secondary to pulmonary tuberculosis, in a 50-year-old female patient diagnosed by FNAC and treated successfully with anti-tuberculosis regimen.
Emerging Graveyards- A Mortality Statistics of Nepalese Working Abroad

This paper analyzed the death scenario of Nepalese workers working abroad along with global situation of migration and death. Secondary data required for this study were extracted from the report released by Foreign Employment Promotion Board Nepal, International Organization for Migration and Missing Migrants Project. Descriptive analysis along with Chi-square test, Fisher’s Exact test and Wilk’s G2 test were used for analytical purpose. As per study nearly around 545 Nepalese labors died each year in different host nation. Result of statistical test shows equal influence of various causes of death (such as heart attack, murder, suicide, traffic accidents, workplace accidents etc.) on both genders of Nepalese labors. Nepalese workers have been facing high level of exploitation, harassments and fraud in member countries of Gulf Cooperation Council. European Union has also become a victim of various harms aroused from current world’s deadliest mass migration. It is expected that acceptance of continuation of this mass migration will turn European into minority group and they become aliens in their own land. Education about cultural shock and coping strategy, expected causes of death with preventive measures and expansion of working area of humanitarian organizations can be a better solution for Nepal government to save the lives of Nepalese labor working abroad. Likewise, re-settlement and reunification program along with increment in humanitarian visas can support European Union to solve current migration problem. Key Words: Aliens, Migrants, Decease, Destination Country.
Exciton condensate in bilayer transition metal dichalcogenides: Strong coupling regime

Exciton condensation in an electron-hole bilayer system of monolayer transition-metal dichalcogenides is analyzed at three different levels of theory to account for screening and quasiparticle renormalization. The large effective masses of the transition metal dichalcogenides place them in a strong coupling regime. In this regime, mean-field (MF) theory with either an unscreened or screened interlayer interaction predicts a room-temperature condensate. Interlayer and intralayer interactions renormalize the quasiparticle dispersion, and this effect is included in a $GW$ approximation. The renormalization reverses the trends predicted from the unscreened or screened MF theories. In the strong coupling regime, intralayer interactions have a large impact on the magnitude of the order parameter and its functional dependencies on effective mass and carrier density.
Taking Time to Truly Listen to Our Patients

In modern clinical practice, listening is hindered by changes in the environment such as the implementation of the electronic record and the increasing use of testing. Yet, there are important dividends to deep listening, including an enhancement of accurate data gathering for better diagnostic reasoning as well as witnessing the patient’s experience and alleviating the alienation of illness. Methodologies such as mindfulness, narrative medicine, presence, and better design of clinical spaces can help facilitate close listening in clinical spaces. When close listening occurs, patients benefit and physicians also connect with a deeper sense of service and purpose, which is necessary for a satisfying career in clinical work.
Variational structure of the vn2-Yamabe problem

Abstract We define a formal Riemannian metric on a conformal class in the context of the v n 2 -Yamabe problem. We also give a new variational description of this problem, and show that the associated functional is geodesically convex. Formal properties of the negative gradient flow are also described. These results parallel our work in two dimensions on the Liouville energy and the uniformization of surfaces [14] , and our work in four dimensions on the σ 2 -Yamabe problem [15] .
Introduction: law containing violence: critical ethnographies of occupation and resistance

ABSTRACTThis special issue of The Journal of Legal Pluralism and Unofficial Law brings together legal anthropologists and legal scholars who share a common commitment to understanding law's formative and constitutive role in relation to the social, cultural, and political dynamics of occupation. The authors draw upon and extend recent work on the emergence of new forms of military, multilateral, and humanitarian occupations, and their roles in reinforcing institutionalized violence against occupied peoples. Contributions in this volume treat occupation as a distinct object of legal and cultural analysis, revealing its similarities as well as its departures from colonial and postcolonial modes of state and military sovereignty. The special issue seeks to move beyond the limitations of existing cultural and legal frameworks and towards a context-driven mode of understanding the varied and flexible state practices of occupants and the legal texts and juridical decisions that shape the nature of their authori...
A novel prenyl-polybasic domain code determines lipid-binding specificity of the K-Ras membrane anchor

Ras proteins must localize to the plasma membrane (PM) for biological function. The membrane anchor of the K-Ras4B isoform comprises a farnesylated and methylated C-terminal cysteine together with an adjacent hexa-lysine polybasic domain (PBD). Traditionally, polybasic sequences have been thought to interact electrostatically with negatively charged membranes showing no specificity for anionic lipid head groups. By contrast we recently showed that the K-Ras membrane anchor actually exhibits a very high degree of specificity for phosphatidylserine (PtdSer). The selectivity for PtdSer is determined by a combinatorial code comprising the PBD sequence plus the prenyl anchor. Lipid binding specificity is therefore altered by PBD point mutations that in turn modulate signaling output. For example, mutating Lys177 or Lys178 to glutamine switches K-Ras4B lipid affinity from PtdSer to phosphoinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2). Changing the lipid anchor from farnesyl to geranylgeranyl or the PBD lysines to arginines also changes lipid binding specificity. All-atom molecular dynamics simulations reveal the structural basis for these K-Ras anchor lipid-binding preferences. Here we examine the PM interactions of a series of geranylgeranylated PBD mutants and provide further evidence that the precise PBD sequence and prenyl lipid determines lipid sorting specificity of the K-Ras anchor and hence biological function.
Emplacement controls for the basaltic-andesitic radial dikes of Summer Coon volcano and implications for flank vents at stratovolcanoes

Mafic flank eruptions are common events that pose a serious hazard to the communities and infrastructure often encroaching on the slopes of stratovolcanoes. Flank vent locations are dictated by the propagation path of their feeder dikes. The dikes are commonly thought to propagate either laterally from the central conduit or vertically from a deeper source. However, these interpretations are often based on indirect measurements, such as surface deformation and seismicity at active systems, and several studies at eroded volcanoes indicate the propagation paths may be more complex. We investigated the Oligocene age Summer Coon volcano (Colorado, USA), where erosion has exposed over 700 basaltic-andesitic radial dikes, to constrain the propagation directions, geometries, and spatial distributions of mafic dikes within a stratovolcano. The mean fabric angle of aligned plagioclase crystals was measured in oriented samples from the margins of 77 dikes. Of the 41 dikes with statistically significant flow fabrics, 85% had fabric angles that were inclined—plunging both inward and outward relative to the center of the volcano. After comparing fabric angles to those reported in other studies, we infer that, while most of the dikes with outward-plunging fabrics descended toward the flanks from a source within the edifice and near its axis, dikes with inward-plunging fabrics ascended through the edifice and toward the flanks from a deeper source. A possible control for the inclination of ascending dikes was the ratio between magma overpressure and the normal stress in the host rock. While higher ratios led to high-angle propagation, lower ratios resulted in inclined emplacement. Dikes crop out in higher frequencies within a zone surrounding the volcano axis at ~ 2500 m radial distance from the center and may be the result of ascending dikes, emplaced at similar propagation angles, intersecting the current level of exposure at common distances from the volcano axis. The process of inclined dike emplacement may be common at other stratovolcanoes and should be considered from a monitoring and hazard perspective as slight variations in the propagation angle would translate to major shifts in the anticipated vent location.
The Rise of Greatness: A Comparative Look at Cyrus II and Alexander III

The study of Cyrus II or “Cyrus the Great” as he is depicted in historical literature has been shrouded by uncertainty since his death some 2500 years ago. The intellectual community appears to be content with the paucity of information that has trickled into pages of books, journals, and magazines leaving ancient scholars with very little from which to base his life on. After further inquiry, the nature of this lack of content appears to be linked to the absence of reliable historical scholarship contemporary with the period of Cyrus’s reign. John Manual Cook, author of the book titled, The Persian Empire, writes a chapter on the reliability of the sources that have survived antiquity. He contends that among the historical texts that have endured, Herodotus is perhaps the most reliable. Cook supports his claim by pointing out Herodotus’ link with “Hecataeus of Miletus, who was active around the end of the sixth century. He [Hecataeus] was not a historian. But he constructed a map of the known world; show[ing] a circular land-mass divided between Europe on the north and Asia on the south”. This map essentially gave Herodotus invaluable knowledge of the peoples of central Asia. Cook also suggests that Herodotus was exposed to the Persika (the Persian war with Greece) written by Hellanicus of Lesbos and thus “may occasionally have been indebted to an Eastern Greek predecessor for specific information”. Furthermore, Cook asserts: “It would not necessarily be any…less reliable if [it] were so. What we can say [to this] is that in the few instances where citations from…other fifth-century authors occur in later Greek writers and allow a comparison with Herodotus they appear unimpressive.” Apparently, collaborative authentication is the bedrock behind Cook’s argument favoring the work of Herodotus. The only other ancient sources for Cyrus worth mentioning in the context of this study are Xenophon’s, Cyropaedia, Ctesias’ 23 books on Persia and India; made known through the Byzantine scholar Photius, the “Nabonidus Chronicle”, the Jewish Tanak, and the Cyrus cylinder. Among these, only the “Nabonidus Chronicle”, Cyrus cylinder and the Jewish Tanach represent contemporary sources. Though these documents appear sufficient enough to generate an historical model, it must be added that conventional scholarship has branded much of it spurious. Such conclusions are perhaps largely responsible for the inattention Cyrus has received. This inquiry does not argue the concerted opinions scholars have rendered regarding the tenuous history found in these sources. It is nevertheless hopeful, that a comparative study focusing on the most reliable sources will be fruitful and thus, worth the journey.
The Collateral Treatment of Parents with Children and Adolescents in Psychotherapy

The alliance built and maintained between therapist and parents is fundamental to the success of psychotherapy for children and adolescents. This article describes techniques that promote collaboration and explores the use of education and psychodynamic concepts in work with parents. This article also considers commonly encountered problems and limitations of this form of treatment.
Cosolvency and deviations from log-linear solubilization.

The solubilities of three nonpolar drugs, phenytoin, diazepam, and benzocaine, have been measured in 14 cosolvent–water binary mixtures. The observed solubilities were examined for deviations from solubilities calculated by the equation log Sm = f log Sc + (1 − f) log Sw, where Sm is the solubility of the drug in the cosolvent–water mixture, Sc is the solubility of the drug in neat cosolvent, f is the volume fraction of cosolvent, and Sw is the solubility of the drug in water. When presented graphically, the patterns of the deviations were similar for all three drugs in mixtures of amphiprotic cosolvents (glycols, polyols, and alcohols) and water as well as nonpolar, aprotic cosolvents (dioxane, triglyme, dimethyl isosorbide) and water. The deviations were positive for phenytoin and benzocaine but negative for diazepam in mixtures of dipolar, aprotic cosolvents (dimethylsulfoxide, dimethylformamide, and dimethylacetarnide) and water. The source of the deviations could not consistently be attributed to physical properties of the cosolvent–water mixtures or to alterations in the solute crystal. Similarities between the results of this study and those of previous investigations suggest that changes in the structure of the solvent play a role in the deviations from the expected solubilities.
Response to Intervention: A Summary of the Guidance State Departments of Education Provide to Schools and School Districts.

AbstractThis article reports an analysis of RTI information provided on the websites of all 50 State Departments of Education, based on the assumption that school districts rely on this information...
Simone de Beauvoir’s Feminism, the Other as Subject

To emancipate woman is to refuse to confine her to the relations she bears to man, not to deny them to her; let her have her independent existence and she will continue none the less to exist for him also: mutually recognizing each other as subject, each will yet remain for the other an other.1