cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Eye movement abnormalities in hermansky-pudlak syndrome.

Background: Hermansky-Pudlak Syndrome (HPS) is a type of oculocutaneous albinism associated with a bleeding diathesis and pulmonary fibrosis. Although it is known that patients with HPS exhibit nystagmus, the nature of these abnormal eye movements has not been studied. Methods: Twenty-seven patients with HPS, diagnosed by platelet morphology and genetic analysis, underwent a systemic evaluation and complete eye examination. Twenty-five had eye movement recordings using magnetic search coil, infrared, or video oculography. Results: All patients had iris transillumination, foveal hypoplasia, and variable hypopigmentation in skin and eyes. All had bleeding tendencies, and 2 reported excessive bleeding during strabismus surgery. Nine patients had pulmonary fibrosis. Visual acuities ranged from 20/20− to 20/320. Twenty patients had strabismus despite 6 having strabismus surgery previously. Ocular oscillations consistent with congenital nystagmus (CN) were clinically evident in 24 of 27 patients, and half showed periodic alternating nystagmus. In 3 patients without CN, eye movement recordings revealed minimal end-gaze nystagmus, square-wave jerks, drift during fixation and saccades, and low-gain pursuit. These patients had melanin in the posterior pole and better visual acuities than the others (P = 0.002). Conclusions: Most patients with HPS have CN, and many have periodic alternating nystagmus. Some have subtle eye movement abnormalities without clinically evident nystagmus, which can obscure the diagnosis, especially if hypopigmentation is mild. Absence of clinical nystagmus in a child with HPS suggests good vision. Patients with albinism, especially before surgery, should be evaluated for HPS to prevent life-threatening complications.
Kinetic studies of temperature changes and oxygen uptake in a differential calorimeter: The heat of oxidation of NADH and succinate

Abstract The design and operating characteristics of a differential calorimeter suitable for use with subcellular, particulate enzyme systems are discussed. The application of the calorimeter to the measurement of the enthalpies of oxidation of NADH and succinate with nonphosphorylating heart muscle particles is described. These measurements show that the calorimeter gives results that are reproducible and in agreement with other calorimetric data. The enthalpy of oxidation of NADH by a nonphosphorylating, submitochondrial preparation was determined to be −61.6 ± 1.3 kcal/mole of NADH; this value is independent of pH in all cases and independent of the buffer used, except for phosphate buffer. The enthalpy of oxidation of succinate was determined to be −36.2 ±1.2 kcal/mole, and was independent of the buffer used.
Investigation of death clusters in a nursing home.

The number of elderly residing in, and dying in, nursing homes is steadily increasing. In 1985, an investigation by the California attorney general's office was undertaken concerning a cluster of deaths in a single rural nursing home. The purpose of this study was to provide information for the investigation. The objectives of the study were to determine if there were excess deaths in the nursing home, and if so, to describe the circumstances surrounding the deaths and the policy implications for the quality of care in nursing homes. All the medical records for patients who died in a single nursing home between January 1, 1983 and April 30, 1985 were examined by the research team. Medical care was compared to desirable standards of care. A majority of the deaths, 52.5%, had major discrepancies from standard care that may have contributed to the patient's death. There were also major discrepancies in the cause of death between the death certificate and evidence from examination of the medical records. The ...
The Impact of Temporary Artery Occlusion During Intracranial Aneurysm Surgery on Long-Term Clinical Outcome: Part I. Patients with Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Background Temporary artery occlusion (TAO) during intracranial aneurysm surgery is an integral element in facilitating aneurysm dissection and clipping. Despite its significance, knowledge of effects of TAO on long-term clinical outcome is limited. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of TAO in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) at one institution. Methods Patients managed for an intracranial aneurysm were followed from January 2000 to July 2009. This study included a cohort of patients with a diagnosis of SAH who underwent TAO during aneurysm surgery. Risk factors known to affect outcome were considered. Effects of TAO time on long-term clinical outcome were evaluated using the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) at last follow-up visit or hospital discharge. Analyses included descriptive statistics and binary logistic and ordinal logistic regression. Results Inclusion criteria were met by 382 patients (74.3% female, age 52 years ± 13.5) with aneurysmal SAH. Mean follow-up was 39 months ± 57.3. Mean TAO time was 19.4 minutes ± 15.7. Of patients, 66% had a good outcome and made a complete recovery at last follow-up (GOS 5); 13% of patients were moderately disabled (GOS 4); and 27% of patients were severely disabled (GOS 3), were in a vegetative state (GOS 2), or had died (GOS 1). Overall, TAO time had no effect on overall long-term clinical outcome (P = 0.76). Higher Hunt and Hess grades (P Conclusions Limited duration of TAO during aneurysm surgery did not affect long-term clinical outcome and appears to be safe in patients with aneurysmal SAH. Established SAH risk factors including Hunt and Hess grades, Fisher computed tomography grades, and presence of clinical vasospasm clearly correlated with long-term clinical outcomes.
APOE is a potential modifier gene in an autosomal dominant form of frontotemporal dementia (IBMPFD).

APOE is a potential modifier gene in an autosomal dominant form of frontotemporal dementia (IBMPFD)
Decision-making and cooperative interaction via coupling agents in organizationally distributed systems

This paper develops a methodology for decision-making in organizationally distributed systems where decision authorities and information are dispersed in multiple organizations. Global performance is achieved through cooperative interaction and partial information sharing among organizations. The information shared among organizations is contrived using modified Lagrangian relaxation techniques. Novel to the methodology is that no single master problem with a global view of the system is required to guide the decision process. Rather, multiple artificial decision entities, termed Coupling Agents, are associated with subsets of coupling constraints. The proposed generic model can be applied to decision-making problems with a variety of mathematical structures. In this paper the methodology is applied to parameter design problems to illustrate the behavior of the proposed methodology in the realm of non-linear optimization.
Light beam reflectance measurement of droplets diameter distribution in crude oil emulsions

Abstract Stable oil field emulsions create challenging conditions in the petroleum production industry. One important characteristic affecting the stability and rheology of emulsions is the Droplet Diameter Distribution (DDD). A few techniques are available to determine the DDD in clear and dark liquid/liquid mixtures. Most of them, like the traditional light scattering techniques, require sampling and dilution. Dilution can affect the droplets coalescence rate, and consequently, change the DDD by altering the solubility state of components responsible for emulsion interface properties. Moreover, the samples obtained may not be representative of the actual process conditions once depressurized to ambient for observation. Focused Beam Reflectance Measurements (FBRMs) were conducted on suspensions mimicking the optical properties of emulsion systems, with the goal of optimizing the instrumental settings. Then, the same technique was applied to water-in-crude oil and crude oil-in-water emulsions to evaluate its accuracy. An algorithm was developed to compute the diameter distribution in populations of spherical droplets from the chord length distributions measurement data. The greatest advantage of this technique is the ability to perform a real-time, in situ measurement of DDD at actual process conditions. The method is capable of repeatable measurements of droplet diameter distributions; however, the measurements are limited within a range of droplet sizes, and the results are sensitive to the relative optical properties of the continuous and dispersed phases, making the calibration step a fundamental phase of the measurement protocol.
Interactive planning—The way to develop commitment

Abstract This paper presents a view of interactive planning by first examining its benefits and inherent nature, then accounting for the set of decisions that it must include, and lastly examining the need for it. It can be used in the education of new employees in a planning unit.
Analytical studies using iodine-luminol chemiluminescence.

Abstract Trace amounts of substances have been related to iodine consumption monitored by chemiluminescence from the iodine—luminol system. Iodine titrations of sulphite and arsenic(III) have been carried out at levels of 1.0 × 10−7 and 5.0 × 10−8M with a precision and error of better than 1% on a day-to-day basis. A calibrated standard of 1.8 ppm SO2 in air was analysed with a precision of ±1.2%, and an error of 0.9%. A rate method has been developed based on the reaction between iodine and penicillin G; a linear range from 10−8 to 10−7 M was found, the precision being ±9%.
South Jersey Real-Time Motorist Information System: Technology and Practice

The South Jersey Real-Time Motorist Information System project is aimed at the rapid deployment of available intelligent transportation system surveillance and communication technologies to monitor traffic on the basis of need at various locations in the South Jersey highway network. The proposed system is a highly mobile traffic-surveillance design that includes mobile, self-sufficient, sensor units with communications and data-collection capabilities that allow the sensor unit to exchange information with the traffic-control center. The sensor units can be installed easily at any location on the transportation network without delays for establishing power and communication connections. This rapid-deployment capability meets the goal for easy-to-deploy traffic-surveillance units that can be used to manage the transportation system during any type of disaster. A technical overview and the advantages of this system and its evaluation procedure are presented. In addition, the problems faced and lessons lear...
Cyclic GMP-AMP Synthase is a Cytosolic DNA Sensor that Activates the Type-I Interferon Pathway

The presence of DNA in the cytoplasm of mammalian cells is a danger signal that triggers host immune responses such as the production of type I interferons. Cytosolic DNA induces interferons through the production of cyclic guanosine monophosphate–adenosine monophosphate (cyclic GMP-AMP, or cGAMP), which binds to and activates the adaptor protein STING. Through biochemical fractionation and quantitative mass spectrometry, we identified a cGAMP synthase (cGAS), which belongs to the nucleotidyltransferase family. Overexpression of cGAS activated the transcription factor IRF3 and induced interferon-β in a STING-dependent manner. Knockdown of cGAS inhibited IRF3 activation and interferon-β induction by DNA transfection or DNA virus infection. cGAS bound to DNA in the cytoplasm and catalyzed cGAMP synthesis. These results indicate that cGAS is a cytosolic DNA sensor that induces interferons by producing the second messenger cGAMP.
A Stark Examination of Prison Culture and Prison Ministry

: This article offers an insightful examination of prison ministry from the inside, from someone who has been involved with this ministry for over forty-five years. The author discusses four major issues that are particularly costly, both in terms of personal human costs and also financial costs. First, society's misconceptions about prison violence, and the complex, varied ways prisoners experience violence. Second, the false sense of security the current practices of institutionalization create, and the consequences they have on the inmates. Third, the risk factors that can predispose children to ending up in prison, and the lack of care and attention those children often receive. And fourth, the way in which the criminalization of drug abuse has exacerbated many problems with the current prison system. The author concludes his article with some suggestions for reforming the prison system.
The Healthy Teen Girls Project: Comparison of Health Education and STD Risk Reduction Intervention for Incarcerated Adolescent Females

Adolescent girls incarcerated in a state reformatory (N = 246) were recruited and assigned to an 18-session health education program or a time-equivalent HIV prevention program. Cohorts were assigned to conditions using a randomized block design separated by a washout period to reduce contamination. Post intervention, girls in the HIV risk reduction program demonstrated the acquisition of risk-reduction behavioral skills and improved condom application skill. At a follow-up assessment approximately 9 months after release from the correctional facility, girls in both conditions reported fewer unprotected sexual intercourse occasions and less sex while under the influence of alcohol or other drugs.
A biomechanical comparison of different surgical techniques of graft fixation in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

Different surgical methods of graft fixation in ACL reconstruction were examined to determine the effects on mechanical properties of the reconstructed ACL. Ten human cadavers were used in this study. Six different types of grafts were studied. The tendon grafts were removed from each cadaver and fixed to femurs and tibias as ACL substitutes with different surgical fixation methods, leaving femur-reconstructed graft-tibia preparations. The surgical techniques used were staple fixation, tying sutures over buttons, and screw fixation. In the latter, the screws were introduced through femoral and tibial drill holes from the outside in order to achieve interference fit as described by Lambert. Tensile testing demonstrated that the original ACL is significantly stronger than the graft used for reconstruction in linear load, stiffness, and maximum tensile strength. All of the failures of the reconstructed ACL grafts occurred at the fixation site, indicating that the mechanically weak link of the reconstructed graft is located at the fixation site. Among the different methods of fixation, one-third of the patellar tendon secured with a cancellous screw, especially with a custom designed large diameter screw, showed significantly higher values. Although many other factors affect the success of ACL reconstruction, our study indicates that the method of surgical fixation is the major factor influencing the graft's mechanical properties in the immediate postoperative period.
Less frequent eating predicts greater BMI and waist circumference in female adolescents.

Background: Little is known about the effect of eating frequency on adiposity. Objective: The study aim was to assess the prospective relation of an objective measure of eating frequency with adiposity in girls from ages 9–10 to 19–20 y. Design: By using data from 3-d diet records collected from 2372 girls in the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Growth and Health Study, meal, snack, and total eating frequencies aggregated over the first 2 study years were examined in relation to 10-y change in BMI and waist circumference (WC). Results: Eating frequency was lower in black and older girls than in white and younger girls (P < 0.0001). In whites, lower initial snack and total eating frequencies were related to greater 10-y increases in BMI (P = 0.023 and 0.012, respectively) and WC (P = 0.030 and 0.015, respectively). In blacks, lower initial meal and snack frequencies were related to greater increases in BMI (P = 0.004 and 0.022, respectively) and WC (P = 0.052 and 0.005, respectively). Also, in blacks, lower initial total eating frequency was related to greater increases in WC (P = 0.010). After adjustment for baseline adiposity measure, race, parental education, physical activity, television and video viewing, total energy intake, and dieting for weight loss, lower initial total eating frequency remained related to greater 10-y increases in BMI (P = 0.013) and WC (P = 0.036). Conclusions: A lower eating frequency predicts a greater gain in adiposity in adolescent females. Intervention trials are needed to test if changing the frequency of eating can affect obesity risk.
Formal verification of correctness and performance of random priority-based arbiters

Arbiters play a critical role in the performance of electronic systems. In this paper, we describe a novel method to formally verify correctness and performance of random priority-based arbiters. We define a property of random number sequences, called Complete Random Sequence (CRS), to characterize bounded fairness properties of random number generators and random priority-based arbiters. We propose a three step verification method utilizing the notion of CRS to establish deadlock-free operation of the arbiters, and to accurately quantify the request-to-grant delays. The proposed verification method may additionally be leveraged to tune systems composed of random priority-based arbiters and pseudo-random number generators, such as linear feedback shift registers (LFSRs), for optimal performance. We have successfully applied the approach to verify a host of cache arbiters and interconnection network controllers of commercial microprocessors.
Latest nH analysis in the Double Chooz experiment

Precise measurement of the neutrino mixing angle $\theta_{13}$ is the primary goal of the Double Chooz Experiment (DC), which is located in Chooz, France. The inverse beta decay process provides a unique signature of reactor anti-neutrino interactions, giving prompt signals from positron annihilation and delayed signals from neutron capture by either Gadolinium (Gd) or Hydrogen (H). This paper is dedicated to the latest nH analysis in Double Chooz. Typically, The Gd analysis is primary since fewer background events are involved. However, with accurate estimates of backgrounds and a precise reconstruction of energy, the nH analysis gives a powerful independent measurement of $\theta_{13}$.
Peritonitis after gastrostomy tube replacement in the emergency department

Peritonitis is a potentially fatal complication of the malpositioning of a gastrostomy feeding tube. We report a case of peritonitis that occurred subsequent to replacement of a gastrostomy tube in the emergency department.
High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic Assay of Isoquinoline Alkaloid Formation from Reaction of Biogenic Amines and Aldehydes

Abstract To understand the role that tetrahydroisoquinoline formation may play in alcoholism and drug toxicology, high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection was used to inonitor the overall rate of reaction, in pH 7.4 buffer, between the catecholamines (dopamine, α-methyldopamine, dihydroxyphenylpropanolamine, deoxyepinephrine, levodopa, α-methyldopa, epinephrine, levarterenol, and isoproterenol) and acetaldehyde. The observed overall rate of reaction varied from 0.38 to 0.0013 liter/mole sec. In addition, the reaction rate of the neurotransmitter dopamine was measured for various aldehydes (formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, glyoxylic acid, paraldehyde, malonaldehyde, glyceraldehyde, and chloral hydrate). The observed overall rate of reaction varied from 5.3 to 0.0011 liters/mole sec. Penicillamine prevented formation of the tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloids when initially present in concentrations equal to or greater than the aldehyde concentration.
Novel point mutations in the German cockroach para sodium channel gene are associated with knockdown resistance (kdr) to pyrethroid insecticides

Knockdown resistance (kdr) to pyrethroid insecticides has been attributed to point mutations in the para sodium channel gene in more than a half dozen insect pest species. In this study, we identified two novel para mutations in five highly resistant kdr-type German cockroach strains. The two mutations, from glutamic acid (E434) to lysine (K434) and from cysteine (C764) to arginine (R764), respectively, are located in the first intracellular linker connecting domains I and II. E434K is located near the beginning of the linker (closest to domain I), whereas C764R is found toward the end of the linker (closest to domain II). Two additional mutations from aspartic acid (D58) to glycine (G58), and from proline (P1880) to leucine (L1888), respectively, were found in one of the resistant strains. The four mutations coexist with the previously identified leucine to phenylalanine (L993F) kdr mutation in IIS6, and are present only in the highly resistant individuals of a given strain. These findings suggest that these mutations might be responsible for high levels of knockdown resistance toward pyrethroid insecticides in the German cockroach.
Advanced Neuroimaging in Traumatic Brain Injury

Advances in structural and functional neuroimaging have occurred at a rapid pace over the past two decades. Novel techniques for measuring cerebral blood flow, metabolism, white matter connectivity, and neural network activation have great potential to improve the accuracy of diagnosis and prognosis for patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI), while also providing biomarkers to guide the development of new therapies. Several of these advanced imaging modalities are currently being implemented into clinical practice, whereas others require further development and validation. Ultimately, for advanced neuroimaging techniques to reach their full potential and improve clinical care for the many civilians and military personnel affected by TBI, it is critical for clinicians to understand the applications and methodological limitations of each technique. In this review, we examine recent advances in structural and functional neuroimaging and the potential applications of these techniques to the clinical care of patients with TBI. We also discuss pitfalls and confounders that should be considered when interpreting data from each technique. Finally, given the vast amounts of advanced imaging data that will soon be available to clinicians, we discuss strategies for optimizing data integration, visualization, and interpretation.
Psychosocial Factors and Disease Progression in Cancer

Psychosocial factors such as stress, personality, and social support relate to differences in disease progression in cancer patients. Neuroendocrine substances associated with psychosocial factors may regulate immune responses to cancer, as well as regulate the activity of oncogenic (cancer-causing) viruses, DNA-repair processes, and the expression in tumor cells of genes that may affect the tumor's growth and metastasis. Biobehavioral oncology research seeks to understand how these psychosocial factors, and interventions designed to modify them, become neurohormonal changes that alter cell signaling and tumor growth, viral oncogenesis, and immune responses. We review the empirical basis for psychosocial factors and biobehavioral processes in cancer progression and suggest future research.
Action-based user authentication

Network security partially depends on reliable user authentication; unfortunately currently used passwords are not completely secure. One of the main problems with passwords is that very good passwords are hard remember and the ones which are easy to remember are too short or simple be secure. We have designed a number of authentication schemas, which are easy to remember and can be relatively quickly provided to the system, while the same time remaining impossible to break with brute force alone. In this article, we have compared the size of password spaces and how easy they are remember for many popular alphanumeric and graphical authentication schemas against the approaches developed by us, namely PassText, PassArt and PassMap.
Transforming Growth Factor β1 Is Expressed in the Jejunum after Experimental Cryptosporidium parvum Infection in Humans

Biopsies from volunteers challenged with Cryptosporidium parvum were examined for transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1). None of the prechallenge biopsies exhibited TGF-β. Seven of 12 volunteers with oocyst shedding expressed TGF-β versus 2 of 13 volunteers without detected oocysts. The association of TGF-β expression with oocyst excretion and the timing of symptoms suggests that TGF-β mediates intestinal healing.
Direct and Indirect Effects of Behavioral Parent Training on Infant Language Production.

Given the strong association between early behavior problems and language impairment, we examined the effect of a brief home-based adaptation of Parent–child Interaction Therapy on infant language production. Sixty infants (55% male; mean age 13.47 ± 1.31 months) were recruited at a large urban primary care clinic and were included if their scores exceeded the 75th percentile on a brief screener of early behavior problems. Families were randomly assigned to receive the home-based parenting intervention or standard pediatric primary care. The observed number of infant total (i.e., token) and different (i.e., type) utterances spoken during an observation of an infant-led play and a parent-report measure of infant externalizing behavior problems were examined at pre- and post-intervention and at 3- and 6-month follow-ups. Infants receiving the intervention demonstrated a significantly higher number of observed different and total utterances at the 6-month follow-up compared to infants in standard care. Furthermore, there was an indirect effect of the intervention on infant language production, such that the intervention led to decreases in infant externalizing behavior problems from pre- to post-intervention, which, in turn, led to increases in infant different utterances at the 3- and 6-month follow-ups and total utterances at the 6-month follow-up. Results provide initial evidence for the effect of this brief and home-based intervention on infant language production, including the indirect effect of the intervention on infant language through improvements in infant behavior, highlighting the importance of targeting behavior problems in early intervention.
The Meaning of Brand Names to Children: A Developmental Investigation

We explored the way that children use brand names in making consumer judgments. Brand names can serve as a simple perceptual cue that identifies a product as one people are familiar with or one they associate with certain perceptual features. Brands can also be associated with symbolic or conceptual meanings, conveying status, prestige, or trendiness. We proposed that young children relate to brands on a perceptual level, whereas older children relate to brands on a conceptual basis as well. We examined this proposition in an experiment conducted with children 8,12, and 16 years of age. Participants were asked to evaluate an advertised product (e.g., athletic shoes) with a familiar brand name that was either popular (e.g., Nike ® ) or less popular (e.g., Kmart ® ). The advertised product was physically identical in both cases, allowing us to explore whether the brand name had meaning for children apart from its name familiarity or perceptual features. The use of conceptual brand meanings was assessed by asking participants to make several types of brand-related judgments including evaluations of the advertised product, impressions of the owners of the advertised product, and evaluations of possible extensions of the popular brand name advertised. Results indicate that by the time children reach 12 years of age, they use brand names as an important conceptual cue in consumer judgments.
Body composition of children on CAPD

Our objectives were to estimate the body composition of children on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD), assess the fat-free mass (FFM) by bioelectrical impedance (BIA) and skinfold an...
Isolation of an autoinhibitory region from the regulatory beta-subunit of phosphorylase kinase.

An equimolar mixture of the regulatory alpha- and beta-subunits of phosphorylase kinase has been shown to inhibit its catalytic gamma-subunit (Paudel, H.K., and Carlson, G.M. (1987) J. Biol. Chem. 262, 11912-11915). The possible presence of an autoinhibitory sequence within those regulatory subunits has been evaluated by peptide isolation and characterization following chemical and proteolytic cleavage of an isolated equimolar mixture of those subunits; the peptides generated were tested for their ability to inhibit the activity of a complex of the gamma-subunit and calmodulin. An isolated inhibitory fragment, hereafter referred to as I-peptide, was sequenced and found to correspond to residues 420-436 of the beta-subunit (KRNPGSQKRFPSNCGRD). This sequence showed homology with the kinase's natural substrate, phosphorylase b. A synthetic peptide based on this sequence was constructed and used to study the mechanism of inhibition. Kinetic analysis of the inhibition of the gamma-subunit-calmodulin complex by the I-peptide revealed a competitive pattern versus the homologous substrate phosphorylase b and an uncompetitive pattern versus MgATP, suggesting an ordered binding of substrates, with the nucleotide binding first. In addition to its ability to inhibit, the I-peptide was also a substrate for the gamma-subunit-calmodulin complex, with a relatively good Km but poor Vmax. The parallel inhibition of free gamma-subunit and the gamma-subunit-calmodulin complex by progressively increasing concentrations of I-peptide provided further evidence that the peptide inhibits by interacting directly with the catalytic subunit and not with the stimulatory calmodulin molecule. The results of this study are consistent with previous findings from this laboratory showing that the conformation of the beta-subunit changes following activation of phosphorylase kinase through a variety of mechanisms.
Immunologic response of combined interleukin-2 and stereotactic body radiotherapy

Cytokine therapies have been available for the treatment of several cancers since the 1980s, with variable success. Since that time, the prevalence of metastatic disease has rapidly risen in the U.S. population as result of improvements in systemic and supportive therapies (1). In particular, there has been considerable advancement in targeted inhibitors of human ligands and receptors, which generally offer reduced toxicities compared to cytotoxic chemotherapy. Recently, this approach has been applied to the field of cancer immunotherapy, which aims to enhance the native immune system for the purpose of destroying malignant cells.
The Metabolizable Energy Value of High Moisture Corn Preserved with a Mixture of Acetic and Propionic Acids

Abstract High moisture (27%) corn was treated with a mixture of acetic acid and propionic acid (60/40, v./v.) applied at a level of 1.5% by weight of the corn and stored for 10 months. The treatment prevented the corn from spoiling and reduced the mold count by a factor of about 104. Feeding experiments revealed that on a dry matter basis the treated high moisture corn had the same metabolizable energy value for broiler chickens as untreated dried (12% H2O) corn.
THE BERRY PHASE OF THE QUANTUM STATE OF A HARMONIC OSCILLATOR WITH TIME DEPENDENT FREQUENCY AND BOUNDARY CONDITIONS

Abstract The problem of a harmonic oscillator of time dependent frequency confined in a one dimensional infinite square well with a moving wall is studied.It is shown that the exact solution and the Lewis invariant operator of the system can be obtained by performing two consecutive gauge transformations on the time dependent Schrdinger equation.On the basis of the exact solution the Berry phases for the system are calculated by using the geometric concepts such as the geometric distance and geometric length of the curve.
Jail Diversion and Recidivism: A Case Study of a Municipal Court Diversion Program:

Municipal Courts in the United States have jurisdiction over cases involving municipal ordinance violations such as loitering, trespassing, public drunkenness, and vandalism. When an individual violates a city ordinance, the typical punishment is a fine, even if the defendant is indigent. Failure to pay the fine on time results in a warrant and possible jail time. This study examined whether individuals who successfully completed a court diversion program for indigent defendants were less likely to reoffend than their counterparts who failed to complete the diversion program. Findings showed clients who successfully completed the diversion program were less likely to commit future city violations and state offenses. The results suggest court diversion programs might offer a promising alternative to jail for some indigent defendants and aid with lowering recidivism at least within the first few years of their initial offense.
High-Power Nd:YAG Microchip Laser Arrays

Microchip lasers consist of monolithic flat-flat cavities formed by a short length of gain material with dielectric cavity mirrors deposited directly on the surfaces, and can operate with performance beyond that of larger cavity solid-state lasers.1,2 Two-dimensional arrays of microchip lasers offer the ability to scale the output power significantly while maintaining many of the properties of the single microchip device. In addition, such arrays can be robust, compact and manufacturable devices that should ultimately operate at power levels beyond 10 kW. While these lasers will not replace a single diffraction-limited-beam laser of the same power, the brightness available from these arrays can be sufficient for numerous uses such as materials processing, radar, and medical applications.
Formulating, Programming, and Executing Efficient Parallel Algorithms

This chapter reviews some techniques for restructuring serial code into more parallel form. The multiple instruction, multiple data networks pose extremely difficult problems with respect to developing efficient programs. The single instruction, multiple data arrays are synchronous, because all processors execute the same instruction. Moreover, when all processors can be used fruitfully, they have near-perfect load balancing and avoid the delays that plague the asynchronous systems. In all cases, the key appears to lie in the programmer's formulation of algorithms that lead to programs that balance the load across all processors and possible. The chapter discusses programming of languages and operation of systems for parallel programs. It presents some obvious and some not-so-obvious examples of situations where a traditional serial program is probably executing what is really a parallel process, or could be converted into a parallel process with little or no loss of information and possibly with gains.
From the laboratory bench to the operating room: the role of the surgeon in cancer prevention

Abstract Background The last 200 years have seen remarkable achievements in the art and clinical practice of surgery. These advances include the introduction of antisepsis, anesthesia, vascular anastomosis, antimicrobials, organ transplantation, and the widespread application of minimally invasive operative procedures. Very recently, a surgical procedure has been shown to cure diabetes, representing the most effective treatment of a metabolic disorder by surgeons. Methods The author reviewed the major surgical milestones in the modern surgical era and prepared this monograph for presentation as the Claude H. Organ, Jr. Memorial Lecture at the 68 th Annual Meeting of the Southwestern Surgical Congress. Results/Conclusions This address summarizes the story of medullary thyroid carcinoma and multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2, an archetype for a surgical procedure to prevent cancer development.
Can Propensity Score Analysis Approximate Randomized Experiments Using Pretest and Demographic Information in Pre-K Intervention Research?:

Background:It is unclear whether propensity score analysis (PSA) based on pretest and demographic covariates will meet the ignorability assumption for replicating the results of randomized experime...
Allele-Specific Droplet Digital PCR Combined with a Next-Generation Sequencing-Based Algorithm for Diagnostic Copy Number Analysis in Genes with High Homology: Proof of Concept Using Stereocilin

Background: Copy number variants (CNVs) can substantially contribute to the pathogenic variant spectrum in several disease genes. The detection of this type of variant is complicated in genes with high homology to other genomic sequences, yet such genomics regions are more likely to lead to CNVs, making it critical to address detection in these settings. Methods: We developed a copy number analysis approach for high homology genes/regions that consisted of next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based dosage analysis accompanied by allele-specific droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) confirmatory testing. We applied this approach to copy number analysis in STRC , a gene with 98.9% homology to a nonfunctional pseudogene, pSTRC , and characterized its accuracy in detecting different copy number states by use of known samples. Results: Using a cohort of 517 patients with hearing loss, we prospectively demonstrated the clinical utility of the approach, which contributed 30 of the 122 total positives (6%) to the diagnostic yield, increasing the overall yield from 17.6% to 23.6%. Positive STRC genotypes included homozygous (n = 15) or compound heterozygous (n = 8) deletions, or heterozygous deletions in trans with pathogenic sequence variants (n = 7). Finally, this approach limited ddPCR testing to cases with NGS copy number findings, thus markedly reducing the number of costly and laborious, albeit specific, ddPCR tests. Conclusions: NGS-based CNV detection followed by allele-specific ddPCR confirmatory testing is a reliable and affordable approach for copy number analysis in medically relevant genes with homology issues.
The Completion Agenda Impact on Student Affairs Practice in Community Colleges

ABSTRACTThis article considers student affairs practice within the Completion Agenda by studying community college student affairs educators’ beliefs about their work related to the value others attribute to it. The Completion Agenda’s goals are largely economic, and community colleges have been asked to focus on speed rather than the quality of the student experience. Momentum has served as the unifying concept linking recent community college student success literature, and, as a result, student development has become secondary to better completion rates. We approached this research with a belief that student affairs practice contributes to the growth and development of individuals with lifelong value. Neoliberalism, therefore, served as the study’s theoretical framework and challenges a narrative that values college completion for economic means alone. This qualitative study sought to learn from student affairs educators and better understand changes in their work as a result of external forces. Data w...
Post-Silicon Validation of Processor Cores

Verification remains an integral and crucial phase of the modern microprocessor design and manufacturing process. Unfortunately, with soaring design complexities and decreasing time-to-market windows, today’s verification approaches are incapable of fully validating a processor design before its release to the public. Increasingly, post-silicon validation is deployed to detect complex functional bugs, in addition to exposing electrical and manufacturing defects. This is due to the significantly higher execution performance offered by post-silicon methods, compared to pre-silicon approaches. We begin this chapter with an overview of traditional post-silicon validation techniques, as reported by the industry.We pay special attention to error detection and debuggingmethodologies discussed in the literature and identify several crucial drawbacks in traditional post-silicon techniques. In particular, we show how the performance of architectural simulators, used to determine the correctness of post-silicon tests, have become a bottleneck in current methodologies.We then discuss in detail a novel solution to address this issue, called Reversi. Reversi generates random programs in such a way that their correct final state is known at generation time, thus completely eliminating the need for architectural simulation. At the end of the chapter, we demonstrate experimentally that Reversi generates tests exposingmore bugs faster, and can speed up post-silicon validation by 20 times, when compared to traditional flows.
Vaccination against rheumatoid arthritis: concepts and progress.

Recently, interest has grown in the potential benefit of vaccination approaches in humans with rheumatoid arthritis. Approaches evaluated include the use of T cell receptor peptide vaccines, autologous T cells, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) peptides, allogeneic mononuclear cells and oral collagen.
Folate deficiency associated with drug therapy for tuberculosis.

Two patients have been described who were found to have a megaloblastic anemia due to folate deficiency while receiving treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis with isoniazid and cycloserine. In an additional 120 patients studied with tuberculosis, serum folate concentrations were subnormal in 7 of 12 inadequately nourished and in 5 of 24 well-nourished patients with untreated tuberculosis, in 15 of 29 patients taking isoniazid and cycloserine, but in only 2 of 55 patients receiving other combinations of drugs for tuberculosis. In vitro studies showed that isoniazid had a depressant effect on the growth of L. casei but only when added in a concentration that greatly exceeded the pharmacologic dose; cycloserine had a similar effect at a concentration that was only threefold greater than that usually found in patients receiving therapeutic doses of this drug. Serum concentrations of vitamin B 12 were normal in both patients described with megaloblastic anemia as well as in all 36 patients with untreated tuberculosis and were in the indeterminate range in 14 and subnormal in 3 patients who were receiving drug therapy. The addition to medium in vitro of cycloserine, but not of isoniazid or pyrazinamide depressed the growth of L. leichmannii . These results confirm previously reported observations by others which indicate that folate deficiency is a frequent occurrence in patients with untreated tuberculosis. They suggest that abnormal folate determinations in these patients are due principally to inadequate dietary intake. In addition, the significantly greater incidence of abnormal folate determinations that was observed in adequately nourished patients taking cycloserine and the results of the in vitro studies suggest that this drug can be responsible for folate deficiency in some instances. The mechanism for this is unknown.
Approach to the Patient with Cardiovascular Disease and Activity Limitations

Patients with cardiovascular disease often have functional limitations and an increased risk of activity-related cardiac events. The impact of cardiovascular disease on the daily lives of some patients is quite apparent, while others may be asymptomatic and unknowingly at high risk for adverse events. Cardiologists and primary care physicians frequently encounter questions about activity limitations in patients with, or at risk for, cardiac disease. This can be a challenging question to address as there are many variables involved. It is important to consider each patient individually when making such decisions.
Electrochemical Processes at Biological Interfaces

The conversion of metabolic energy into useful work is a highly efficient process in biological cells. The oxidation of glucose provides a convenient example of a common biological oxidation; the overall reaction may be represented as follows: C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy The complete oxidation of a mole of glucose, under standard conditions, would result in a free-energy release of 686 kcal. Were this energy released in the form of heat, it would be sufficient to disrupt cellular structure. Instead, most of the energy obtained from this oxidation, as well as the oxidation of other foodstuffs (carbohydrates, lipids, or amino acids) is utilized, with few exceptions, to synthesize adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The free energy necessary to synthesize ATP from adenosine diphosphate under physiological conditions has been estimated somewhere between 7 and 12kcal/mole.1–3 This is the same amount of energy released from ATP in its transformation into useful work by biological cells. Thus, the free energy available from the oxidation of foodstuffs is transformed into smaller “packets of energy” more readily utilized by biological cells.
Anomalous Temperature Dependence of the Lowest-Frequency Lattice Vibration in Crystalline γ-Aminobutyric Acid.

Crystalline γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) exhibits unusual thermal behavior in a low-frequency lattice vibration that occurs at 37.2 cm–1 at 290 K but decreases dramatically by 34.0% when the sample is cooled to 78 K. Lattice vibrations in molecular crystals are indicators of intermolecular force characteristics, and the extraordinary temperature sensitivity of this vibration offers new insight into the local environment within the solid. Solid-state density functional theory simulations of the GABA crystal have found this anomalous frequency shift is based in unexpected differences in the strengths of the intermolecular hydrogen bonds that are cursorily the same. This was accomplished through mapping of the potential energy surfaces governing the terahertz-frequency motions of the GABA solid and use of the quasi-harmonic approximation to model the response of all the lattice vibrations to temperature-induced unit cell volume changes brought about through the anharmonic character of the intermolecular intera...
Infratentorial Developmental Venous Abnormalities and Inflammation Increase Odds of Sporadic Cavernous Malformation.

Abstract Goal: Sporadic brain cavernous malformations commonly correlate with developmental venous anomalies; however, developmental venous anomalies may exist without cavernous malformations. Infratentorial location and specific angioarchitectural features of the developmental venous anomaly increase the odds of a concomitant malformation. Animal data also suggest chronic inflammatory disease, oxidative stress, and angiogenesis promote cavernous malformation development. We sought to determine potential clinical and radiologic factors promoting development of sporadic cavernous malformations. Methods: One hundred and forty-five patients with sporadic, nonradiation-induced brain cavernous malformations (63 with radiologic-apparent and 82 with radiologic-occult developmental venous anomalies) were compared to developmental venous anomaly controls without associated malformation. Data collection included demographic information, comorbidities, medications at diagnosis, and location of the developmental venous anomaly and/or malformation. Logistic regression with likelihood ratios, odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated comparing malformation cases with controls. A similar analysis compared malformations with radiologic-apparent anomalies to controls. Results: Compared to controls, cases were more likely to have had a major infectious illness (10.3% versus 2.3%; P = .0003 and/or chronic inflammatory disease (31.7% versus 21.3%; P = .0184) prior to diagnostic magnetic resonance imaging. Infratentorial location was more common in cavernous malformation cases (31.7% versus 15.7% controls; P ≤ .0001) with similar findings in cavernous malformation with radiologic-apparent developmental venous anomalies versus controls. Conclusions: Infratentorial developmental venous anomalies location, major infectious illness, and chronic inflammatory disorders increase the odds of sporadic cavernous malformation formation. Inflammation may promote local thrombosis of developmental venous anomalies, trigger angiogenic response through increased vascular permeability, or promote cavernous malformation through Toll-like receptor 4.