cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Regulatory Gene of Phenylalanine Biosynthesis (pheR) in Salmonella typhimurium

4-Fluorophenylalanine-resistant mutants of Salmonella typhimurium were isolated in which synthesis of chorismate mutase P-prephenate dehydratase (specified by pheA) was highly elevated. Transduction analysis showed that the mutation affecting pheA activity was not linked to pheA, and conjugation and merodiploid analysis indicated that it was in the 95- to 100-min region of the Salmonella chromosome. Evidence is presented for the hypothesis that the mutation responsible for constitutivity of chorismate mutase P-prephenate dehydratase occurred in pheR, a gene specifying a cytoplasmic product that affected pheA. pheR mutants were found to carry a second mutation, tyrO. The tyrO mutation acts cis to cause increased levels of the tyrosine biosynthetic enzymes 3-deoxy-d-arabinoheptulosonate 7-phosphate synthetase (tyr) and prephenate dehydrogenase, but it has no effect on regulation of pheA.
Querying the physical world

In the next decade, millions of sensors and small-scale mobile devices will integrate processors, memory, and communication capabilities. Networks of devices will be widely deployed for monitoring applications. In these new applications, users need to query very large collections of devices in an ad hoc manner. Most existing systems rely on a centralized system for collecting device data. These systems lack flexibility because data is extracted in a predefined way. Also, they do not scale to a large number of devices because large volumes of raw data are transferred. In our new concept of a device database system, distributed query execution techniques are applied to leverage the computing capabilities of devices, and to reduce communication. We define an abstraction that allows us to represent a device network as a database and we describe how distributed query processing techniques are applied in this new context.
Fading memory and the problem of approximating nonlinear operators with Volterra series

Using the notion of fading memory we prove very strong versions of two folk theorems. The first is that any time-invariant (TI) continuous nonlinear operator can be approximated by a Volterra series operator, and the second is that the approximating operator can be realized as a finite-dimensional linear dynamical system with a nonlinear readout map. While previous approximation results are valid over finite time intervals and for signals in compact sets, the approximations presented here hold for all time and for signals in useful (noncompact) sets. The discretetime analog of the second theorem asserts that any TI operator with fading memory can be approximated (in our strong sense) by a nonlinear moving- average operator. Some further discussion of the notion of fading memory is given.
MR appearance of extravasated gadolinium contrast medium

This case illustrates that a large zone of signal void can be produced on short relaxation time MR images when gadopentate dimeglumine is injected through an infiltrated intravenous catheter. The authors consider the physics behind this paradoxical decrease in signal intensity where there are high concentrations of gadopentate dimeglumine.
Traffic description using spectral characterization of wide-band input processes in ATM networks

Development of multimedia input traffic models has heavily relied on laboratory experiments of individual sources like voice and video. Such models are therefore ad hoc and are generally limited in validity to the range of conditions for which the experiments have been carried out. The authors explore the use of a new technique of spectral characterization of wide-band input process in asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) networks. The technique is based on the eigenstructure of input Markov chains (MC) which helps localize wideband sources in a subspace. Assuming the input process is stationary and properly sampled at each measure point, taking the average over a sufficiently long time interval will result in two input vectors: the power spectrum and the phase spectrum. The authors propose a new traffic descriptor for input sources based on the power spectrum and the phase spectrum and demonstrate that such a descriptor is sufficient for efficient network control and resource management. They also propose a method of frequency-domain analysis of input sources characteristics at each network entry point and intermediate node.
The disintegration of Ar36 and Ar40 by neutrons

Abstract A grid-type ionization chamber filled with argon or an argon-carbon dioxide-mixture has been used to measure cross sections for the (n, α ) and (n, p) reactions in Ar 36 and the (n, α ) reaction in Ar 40 induced by mono-energetic neutrons with energies between 1.2 and 9 MeV. For reactions in Ar 36 , groups of alpha particles were observed leaving S 33 in its ground and first seven excited states and groups of protons leaving Cl 36 in its ground and first five excited states. The total cross section for these alpha groups increased from 2 mb at 1.2 MeV to about 160 mb at 4 MeV and then decreased to 61 mb at 8.7 MeV. The total cross section for the observed proton groups varied from 13 mb at 1.2 MeV to 290 mb at 4.7 MeV. For reactions in Ar 40 groups of alpha particles were observed leaving S 37 in its ground state and excited states at 0.65±0.06, 1.39±0.07 and 2.19±0.09 MeV. The total cross section for these groups varied from 0.1 mb at 6 MeV to about 3 mb at 9 MeV. The relative magnitudes of the cross sections for the (n, p) and (n, α) reactions are compared with the predictions of simple nuclear reaction theory.
Atrial fibrillation and risk of stroke in dialysis patients

Purpose Both stroke and chronic atrial fibrillation (AF) are common in dialysis patients, but uncertainty exists in the incidence of new strokes and the risk conferred by chronic AF.
Strategies for reducing regulatory barriers to focused ultrasound technology

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has automatically classified focused ultrasound (FUS) devices Class III, which requires sponsors to demonstrate the safety and effectiveness of a device through clinical trials. This requirement adds significant time and cost to the device development process; reclassification to Class II would be highly beneficial for the future of FUS.
Neuromuscular Blocking and Reversal Agents

One of the primary anesthetic goals for the intraoperative management of surgical patients is akinesia. When patients are pharmacologically unable to move, surgical exposure is enhanced and the total anesthetic dose is reduced. There are a number of medications and combinations of medications that can cause akinesia. The most common medications used in the operating room are the muscle relaxants.
The Violence Against Women Act and Citizenship

This paper explains how the Violence Against Women Act came to be and what this pivotal piece of legislation tell us about gender, politics and their complexities. There are three primary questions I am answering in this analysis: 1) how did the issue of domestic violence transform from a private concern to a public and national issue? 2) Was the policy a result of top down or bottom up advocacy and how does this fit within social movement literature? The last question refers to the patriarchal nature of the law. 3) Is the VAWA patriarchal as a result of the advocacy, and if so, what implications does the patriarchal nature say to the individuals this law is attempting to help? I will answer the above questions by analyzing Congressional committee documents, using political theory and interviewing individuals involved in making the VAWA a law. I argue that in transforming the issue of domestic violence from a private issue to a national public concern, a social movement took place. This social movement was simultaneously a top down and bottom up advocacy approach. Lastly, although the VAWA is a pro-women law, its underlying patriarchy can be limiting to those it seeks to help. On the national scope, this law has been the first step in eradicating domestic violence; however are its limits greater than its benefits? This study contributes to the broader understanding of how minority groups can enter into the realm of the public sphere.
Brief Client-Centered Motivational and Behavioral Intervention to Promote HPV Vaccination in a Hard-to-Reach Population: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial

Objective To evaluate the impact of a client-centered behavioral intervention (Brief Negotiated Interviewing) on mothers' human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine knowledge and vaccination initiation for their adolescent daughters. Methods We randomized mothers to intervention (n = 100) and control (n = 100) groups, and followed them over 12 months. Electronic medical records were reviewed to determine vaccination status. The primary outcome was receipt of the first vaccine. The secondary outcome was HPV vaccine knowledge among mothers. Results Brief Negotiated Interviewing intervention mothers demonstrated increased knowledge about HPV (pre/post mean score of 5 to 10 out of a possible 11; P < .001) and significantly higher mean knowledge scores (10 vs 6, P < .001) than control mothers. However, initiation and completion rates of the vaccine were not significantly different between groups. Conclusions Increasing HPV vaccine knowledge did not translate into increased vaccine uptake or completion of vaccination series. Future intervention must explore vaccine reminders to increase HPV vaccination rates.
Systematic approach for simultaneously correcting the band-gap and p − d separation errors of common cation III-V or II-VI binaries in density functional theory calculations within a local density approximation

We propose a systematic approach that can empirically correct three major errors typically found in a density functional theory (DFT) calculation within the local density approximation (LDA) simultaneously for a set of common cation binary semiconductors, such as III-V compounds, (Ga or In)$X$ with $X=\mathrm{N},\mathrm{P},\mathrm{As},\mathrm{Sb},$ and II-VI compounds, (Zn or Cd)$X$, with $X=\mathrm{O},\mathrm{S},\mathrm{Se},\mathrm{Te}$. By correcting (1) the binary band gaps at high-symmetry points $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}, L, X$, (2) the separation of $p$-and $d$-orbital-derived valence bands, and (3) conduction band effective masses to experimental values and doing so simultaneously for common cation binaries, the resulting DFT-LDA-based quasi-first-principles method can be used to predict the electronic structure of complex materials involving multiple binaries with comparable accuracy but much less computational cost than a GW level theory. This approach provides an efficient way to evaluate the electronic structures and other material properties of complex systems, much needed for material discovery and design.
A Variable-Density Projection Method for Free Surface Flow with Phase Change

The development of predictive capability for free surface flow with phase change is essential to evaluate transport phenomena in aerospace, geophysical and industrial flows. This paper presents a variable-density projection method, in conjunction with ApproximateFactorization techniques (AF method) for multiphase incompressible Navier-Stokes equations. The level set method was used to capture the interface accurately. The projection method has 2-order temporal accuracy for variable-density unsteady incompressible flows as well. This numerical investigation identifies the physics characterizing transient heat and mass transfer of multiphase free surface flow. The preliminary results show that the numerical methodology is successful in modeling the free surface with heat and mass transfer, though some severe deformation such as breaking and merging occurs.
The Application and Misapplication of Factor Analysis in Marketing Research

The use of factor analysis as a method for examining the dimensional structure of data is contrasted with its frequent misapplication as a tool for identifying clusters and segments. Procedures for...
Clinical Pulpal Diagnosis

As of today, very little or no correlation exists between clinical diagnostic findings and the histopathologic status of the pulp [1]. Technologically advanced tests and tools to indicate the vitality condition of the pulp, such as laser Doppler flowmetry and pulse oximetry, are available. However, even these new technologies may lead to unreliable response when providing dental care for very young children and/or for patients with special health-care needs, due to uncooperative behavior.
Effects of ambient temperature and exposure to 2450-MHz microwave radiation on evaporative heat loss in the mouse.

AbstractWhole-body evaporative heat loss was measured as whole-body evaporative water loss in mice during a 90-min exposure to 2450-MHz microwave radiation at an ambient temperature of 20°C and in non-exposed mice maintained at ambient temperatures of 20, 25, 30, 33, and 35°C. The ambient-temperature threshold for increasing evaporative water loss was between 30 and 33°C. A specific absorption rate of microwave radiation in excess of 29 W/kg was required to produce an increase in heat loss. For absorption rates ranging from 29 to 44 W/kg, the mouse dissipated 65% of the total absorbed heat by water evaporation; the remainder was dissipated passively. The data collected in the mouse may be extrapolated to larger species, such as man, but only by an exponential relationship. Using this relationship, it was shown that a threshold specific absorption rate of 29 W/kg in a ().()33~kg mouse was equivalent to approximately 0.25 W/kg in a 0.033-kg mouse was equivalent to approximately 0.25 W/kg in a 70-kg human.
Work and Its Discontents: The Corporate Workplace Film

If social mobility is the cornerstone of the edifice of success, work is the basic building block. At its simplest, the American idea of success conflates the attainment of success with vocational achievement. Lacking an aristocracy, American culture exalts the notion of a meritocracy, entry into which is gained by hard work and professional prowess. In our most beloved popular culture narratives, successful characters aren’t born at the top of the world; they climb to the pinnacle, rung by professional rung. Work is the primary measure of self-worth, in the contemporary American mind, and the material goods that are the signifiers of success are the just rewards for one’s labor and the visible evidence of one’s diligence and superiority.1
Robust and Large-Scale Convolution through Stochastic-Based Processing without Multipliers

Large-scale discrete convolution, well-known to be computationally intensive, is a fundamental algorithmic building block in many computer vision and artificial intelligence applications. This work presents a novel stochastic-based hardware architecture and design that computes discrete convolution based on the widely-used convolution theorem. Our approach has three advantages. First, it can achieve approximately ${\mathrm O} (1)$ in algorithmic complexity for any given absolute error bound $d$ and any given input vector size $N$ . This computing complexity, when compared with ${\mathrm O} (N^2)$ and ${\mathrm O} (N \log N)$ operations for conventional multiplier-based and FFT-based architectures respectively, represents a significant improvement, although at the cost of degraded computing accuracy. Second, to achieve a given computing accuracy, our proposed stochastic-based convolution can be analytically proven to only require a moderate number of random samples, e.g., 788 random samples can achieve 95 percent accuracy at 99 percent confidence level for a convolution with $N=128$ . Third, this proposed stochastic-based architecture is highly fault-tolerant because the information to be processed is encoded with a large ensemble of random samples. As such, the local perturbations of its computing accuracy will be dissipated globally, thus becoming inconsequential to the final overall results. We believe that, being highly scalable and energy efficient, our stochastic-based convolution architecture is well-suited for many real-time embedded applications, especially those perception-based computing tasks that are inherently fault-tolerant. In short, this work provides an elegant way to tradeoff between computing accuracy and computing performance/hardware efficiency for many real-world convolution-based applications.
Refinement of the Diatom Episome Maintenance Sequence and Improvement of Conjugation-Based DNA Delivery Methods.

Conjugation of episomal plasmids from bacteria to diatoms advances diatom genetic manipulation by simplifying transgene delivery and providing a stable and consistent gene expression platform. To reach its full potential, this nascent technology requires new optimized expression vectors and a deeper understanding of episome maintenance. Here we present the development of an additional diatom vector (pPtPBR1), based on the parent plasmid pBR322, to add a plasmid maintained at medium copy number in E. coli to the diatom genetic toolkit. Using this new vector, we evaluated the contribution of individual yeast DNA elements comprising the 1.4-kb tripartite CEN6-ARSH4-HIS3 sequence that enables episome maintenance in P. tricornutum. While various combinations of these individual elements enable efficient conjugation and high ex-conjugant yield in P. tricornutum, individual elements alone do not. Conjugation of episomes containing CEN6-ARSH4 and a small sequence from the low GC content 3’ end of HIS3 produced the highest number of diatom ex-conjugant colonies, resulting in a smaller and more efficient vector design. Our findings suggest that the CEN6 and ARSH4 sequences function differently in yeast and diatoms, and that low GC content regions of greater than ~500 bp are a potential indicator of a functional diatom episome maintenance sequence. Additionally, we have developed improvements to the conjugation protocol including a higher-throughput option utilizing 12-well plates, and plating methods that improve ex-conjugant yield and reduce time and materials required for the conjugation protocol. The data presented offer additional information regarding the mechanism by which the yeast-derived sequence enables diatom episome maintenance, and demonstrate options for flexible vector design.
DEGREES OF DISCOMFORT AND PROPOSED EBTR PROGRAM

ABSTRACT The proposed Presidential guidelines on Emergency Building Temperature Restrictions (EBTR) for summer and winter seasons are compared against the current ASHRAE comfort standards for 80 percent occupant acceptability. Since the thermal comfort is influenced by the level of clothing, the air motion, the relative humidity and the mean temperature of the enclosure besides the dry bulb temperatures, it is proposed to use ASHRAE's effective temperature (ET*) as a better parameter for the measure of comfort. It has been demonstrated that the EBTR of 78°F for the summer indoor dry bulb temperature can be immediately met by slight changes in the clothing pattern. The EBTR of 65°F for the winter dry bulb temperature is below ASHRAE standards by 7 F. Since this level of discomfort is currently unacceptable to the majority, a sliding scale of lower winter effective temperatures should be proposed giving the public an opportunity to slowly get acclimatized and to alter their clothing habits in progressive steps.
Dynamical Interactions Between Two Uniformly Magnetized Spheres

Studies of the two-dimensional motion of a magnet sphere in the presence of a second, fixed sphere provide a convenient venue for exploring magnet–magnet interactions, inertia, friction, and rich nonlinear dynamical behavior. These studies exploit the equivalence of these magnetic interactions to the interactions between two equivalent point dipoles. We show that magnet–magnet friction plays a role when magnet spheres are in contact, table friction plays a role at large sphere separations, and eddy currents are always negligible. Web-based simulation and visualization software, called MagPhyx, is provided for education, exploration, and discovery.
Clinical Trials in a Dish

Clinical trials 'in a dish' involve testing medical therapies for safety or effectiveness in the laboratory with human tissue. This has become possible owing to recent biotechnology advances including induced pluripotent stem cells, organs-on-a-chip, and whole-genome sequencing. We provide here an overview of the landscape and highlight steps the FDA is taking to advance the science of clinical trials in a dish and to support the development and validation of new regulatory paradigms to assess drug safety using these new technologies.
The Phage Lysin PlySs2 Decolonizes Streptococcus suis from Murine Intranasal Mucosa.

Streptococcus suis infects pigs worldwide and may be zoonotically transmitted to humans with a mortality rate of up to 20%. S. suis has been shown to develop in vitro resistance to the two leading drugs of choice, penicillin and gentamicin. Because of this, we have pursued an alternative therapy to treat these pathogens using bacteriophage lysins. The bacteriophage lysin PlySs2 is derived from an S. suis phage and displays potent lytic activity against most strains of that species including serotypes 2 and 9. At 64 μg/ml, PlySs2 reduced multiple serotypes of S. suis by 5 to 6-logs within 1 hour in vitro and exhibited a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 32 μg/ml for a S. suis serotype 2 strain and 64 μg/ml for a serotype 9 strain. Using a single 0.1-mg dose, the colonizing S. suis serotype 9 strain was reduced from the murine intranasal mucosa by >4 logs; a 0.1-mg dose of gentamicin reduced S. suis by 5-logs. While resistance to gentamicin was induced after systematically increasing levels of gentamicin in an S. suis culture, the same protocol resulted in no observable resistance to PlySs2. Thus, PlySs2 has both broad and high killing activity against multiple serotypes and strains of S. suis, making it a possible tool in the control and prevention of S. suis infections in pigs and humans.
Mortality risk factors and survival of colon cancer patient.

e14653 Background: It is estimated that 142,820 people will be diagnosed and 50,830 will die from colon cancer in U.S. in 2013. The known risk factors include age (>50 years old), personal history ...
Imaging of Fluorescently Tagged ATM Kinase at the Sites of DNA Double Strand Breaks

The combination of live cell imaging and laser micro-irradiation is an important technique to investigate the recruitment and kinetics of DNA repair molecules to DNA damage sites. In this chapter, we describe the detailed methods to study the dynamics of fluorescently tagged ATM protein kinase at laser-induced DNA double strand break (DSB) sites. The same protocol can be applied to analyze the recruitment and kinetics of other potential or known DNA repair proteins to DSB sites.
A Measure of Burnout for Business Students.

The author surveyed 163 business students representing all business majors from a major state university. Participants completed a questionnaire utilizing a modified version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory. The data were factor analyzed to assess its basic underlying structure, and each burnout component was assessed for reliability. Results indicated that the 3-component model of burnout generally holds for business students, and the components demonstrated high internal consistency. Further, business students experienced extreme burnout levels prior to final exams. Implications for educators and others are provided along with recommendations for further research and application.
Structural and Dynamics Comparison of Thermostability in Ancient, Modern, and Consensus Elongation Factor Tus.

Rationally engineering thermostability in proteins would create enzymes and receptors that function under harsh industrial applications. Several sequence-based approaches can generate thermostable variants of mesophilic proteins. To gain insight into the mechanisms by which proteins become more stable, we use structural and dynamic analyses to compare two popular approaches, ancestral sequence reconstruction (ASR) and the consensus method, used to generate thermostable variants of Elongation Factor Thermo-unstable (EF-Tu). We present crystal structures of ancestral and consensus EF-Tus, accompanied by molecular dynamics simulations aimed at probing the strategies employed to enhance thermostability. All proteins adopt crystal structures similar to extant EF-Tus, revealing no difference in average structure between the methods. Molecular dynamics reveals that ASR-generated sequences retain dynamic properties similar to extant, thermostable EF-Tu from Thermus aquaticus, while consensus EF-Tu dynamics differ from evolution-based sequences. This work highlights the advantage of ASR for engineering thermostability while preserving natural motions in multidomain proteins.
Robotic-assisted Sacrocolpopexy with versus without Concomitant Midurethral Sling: A 2-year Follow-up of Urinary Symptoms and Quality of Life.

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess long-term postoperative urinary incontinence (UI) symptoms and quality of life (QOL) in patients after robotic-assisted sacrocolpopexy (RASC) with or without concomitant midurethral sling (MUS). Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional survey of patients comparing long-term postoperative urinary symptoms and QOL measurements in women who underwent RASC with or without MUS. We included all patients from 2011 to 2014 who had RASC with or without MUS. All patients had preoperative urodynamic testing (UDS). Patients who demonstrated stress UI on UDS underwent MUS at the time of RASC. Urinary symptoms and QOL were assessed through the validated Urinary Distress Inventory-6 (UDI-6) and Incontinence Impact Questionnaire-7 (IIQ-7) patient questionnaires. Results: Sixty-eight patients met inclusion criteria, 46 patients completed follow-up questionnaires, and were included in the final analysis. Average length of time to follow-up from surgery was 24 months (range: 6–36 months). A statistically significant difference in UDI-6 scores between the two groups (RASC vs. RASC + MUS) was observed. Median (25th and 75th percentiles) scores for UDI-6 were 22.92 (8.33 and 32.29, respectively) for the RASC group and 4.17 (0 and 13.54, respectively) for the RASC + MUS group (P = 0.0017). Median scores for IIQ-7 were 0 (0 and 29.73 for the 25th and 75th percentiles, respectively) for the RASC group and 0 (0 and 0, respectively) for the RASC + MUS group (P = 0.1691). Conclusion: Patients who underwent RASC + MUS scored significantly lower on the UDI-6, indicating fewer urinary distress symptoms. Although not statistically significant, patients in the RASC + MUS group had lower IIQ-7 scores, indicating less negative impact on QOL, compared to the RASC-only group.
Bet Out the Vote: Prediction Markets as a Tool to Promote Undergraduate Political Engagement

Over the course of three semesters spanning the 2016 primary and general elections, we conducted a series of quasi-experiments to evaluate the effects of prediction markets on undergraduate interes...
Food Allergies and the Teenager

Developmentally, teenagers are increasingly independent, spend more time with their peer group, and engage in more risk-oriented behaviors as they transition toward adulthood. Peer pressure and the natural desire to avoid embarrassment further impact teenage decision-making, potentially increasing safety risks for the food allergic teen. Taken together, normal developmental issues specific to teenagers with food allergies, such as allergen avoidance and independent use of medications, make the transition to food allergy self-management uniquely difficult. There are many issues complicating the typical development for food allergic teenagers. Being attuned to the current information regarding some of these specific issues can be very helpful in tailoring interventions to the specific family and adolescent. The use of education, empowerment, and partnerships can improve self-care, adherence, and quality of life.
Frozen Section and Imprint Cytology in Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy for Breast Cancer

Recent trends toward conservative surgery for breast cancer and increasing detection of smaller invasive malignancies have shifted the traditional surgical approach from mastectomy to lumpectomy, and from complete axillary lymph node dissection to sentinel lymph node biopsy to avoid extensive procedures in clinically node-negative women (1),(2). Debate continues over radioisotope physical characteristics and the type of dyes, as well as the optimal time of injection and the role of axillary dissection in locoregional disease control ((1),(3). However, sentinel lymph node biopsy is successful in 92% to 98% of breast cancer patients and is increasingly being used for staging and prognostication, although low-volume micrometastatic disease may be present in up to 15% of nonsentinel nodes when sentinel lymph node biopsy is negative ((4),(5). Controversy also exists concerning the extent of tissue sampling and the modality of pathological assessment for the most sensitive and accurate detection of metastatic disease ((1),(6). Although the diagnostic armamentarium of the pathologist is rapidly expanding due to recent advances in molecular techniques, in most laboratories intraoperative assessment of sentinel lymph node histology is routinely done by either frozen section or imprint cytology, with rare and selective use of cytokeratin immunohistochemistry in diagnostically equivocal cases ((7)–(10).
Algae of River Ecosystems

Algae in rivers are complexly related to environmental factors. A hierarchical conceptual model of ecological determinants helps predict variability in algal biomass, metabolism, and species composition among rivers and among seasons. This model is based on a nonequilibrium approach to predicting algal responses to environmental variation. Algal biomass in a habitat is a function of immigration, reproduction, death, emigration, and grazing rates. When modeled at a species levels, differential species performance affects species composition. Reproduction in particular is regulated by a suite of metabolic processes that respond directly to abiotic factors such as nutrients, light, temperature, pH, and salinity. Competition, grazing, and even some symbiotic relationships are important determinants of benthic algae. Habitat-scale factors such as riparian canopy, current velocity, and substrate size indirectly affect algal regulatory processes with their effects on light, nutrients, shear stress, and substrate stability. Ultimately, the regional factors, such as climate and geology, and to some extent, biogeography, affect stream chemistry, channel geomorphology, and hydrologic stability, and indirectly affect benthic algae. This latter factor, hydrologic stability, regulates disturbance frequency and intensity, which in turn determines whether algae will be regulated by top-down biological processes at the stable end of the scale, environmental stress at the unstable end of the scale, or resource availability in intermediate disturbance conditions. Spatial and temporal patterns in both benthic algae and phytoplankton of rivers can be predicted with this processed-based approach to understand organisms in highly variable environments like rivers.
Does Transport Time or Distance from Hospital Affect Survival in Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) Patients

Purpose Many hospitals in the United States are limited in their capabilities to treat advanced heart disease. This limitation results in patients needing to be transferred to a facility with the capacity to provide higher levels of care when ECMO support has been initiated. In this study we aim to look at whether transport time or distance impacts survival rate of implanted ECMO patients. Methods The Artificial Heart Program's database at Intermountain Medical Center was queried from June 2007 - 2017 for patients transported to the Intermountain facility on ECMO. Patients were stratified into two groups. Group 1: those who survived to discharge and Group 2: those who expired before discharge. Seven parameters were evaluated for significance: age, distance transported, time from initial request to arrival, transport time, whether chest compressions were performed, indication for support and type of support. A two-sample t-test was used to determine significance. Results 50 patients met study inclusion criteria; 29 were male and 21 were female. The average age for Group 1 was 49±13 years compared to Group 2, 55 ± 15 years. The average transport distance and time was 125±118 miles & 73±24 minutes for Group 1 vs 74±78 miles & 105±55 minutes for Group 2. The time from life flight request was 293±85 minutes vs 365±139 minutes for Group 1 vs Group 2. The majority of patients were implanted with CARDIOHELP (CH) (p=0.52). Additional preliminary factors such as indications for support and whether patient received chest compressions are summarized below. Conclusion Our observations indicate that increased transport time correlates with a lower survival rate. Whereas we found no significance in the distance the patient traveled. The average distance for Group 1 was 40% farther then Group 2. This study suggests that decreasing the time from ECMO request to transportation arrival and decreasing the time of transport could lead to improved survival of ECMO patients transferred between hospitals.
Translation and Transforming Activity of a Circular RNA from Human Papillomavirus

Abstract Bioinformatics and in vitro studies have revealed that single-stranded circular RNAs (circRNAs), generated through ‘backsplicing,’ occur more extensively than initially appreciated. While the functions of most circRNAs are unknown, binding of microRNAs (miRNA), regulation of splicing and transcription, and translation into proteins have all been demonstrated for specific circRNAs. Virally-derived circRNAs have recently been described in gamma-herpesviruses. Here, we report that oncogenic human papillomaviruses (HPV) generate circRNAs, including ones which encompass the entire coding region of the E7 oncogene (circE7). HPV16 circE7 can be detected by both inverse RT-PCR and Northern blots of HPV16-transformed cell lines. CircE7 is N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modified, preferentially localized to the cytoplasm, and can be translated to produce E7 oncoprotein. Specific disruption of circE7 in CaSki cervical carcinoma cells decreased E7 protein levels, inhibited cell proliferation, and inhibited the ability of the cells to form colonies in soft agar. Analysis of TCGA RNA-seq data demonstrates that HPV-positive cancers have abundant circE7 RNAs. These results provide evidence that virally-derived, protein-encoding circular RNAs have biologically important functions with relevance to the transforming properties of HPV.
The Causes of War

Abstract Since war is a social institution it may be looked at as a system. The causes may be examined according to the various parts of a system. The determination of the causes of war will lead to the choice of approaches if one chooses to seek to prevent war. The conclusion is that the causes of war are complex and that one may choose to intervene at any part of the system. One of the most urgent needs is to create a world order and institutional alternatives to war since war is becoming increasingly disfunctional as a social institution.
Simultaneous determination of 12 antibacterial drugs in cream disinfection products with EMR-Lipid cleanup using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry

The use of antibiotics and their occurrence in environmental samples, biological samples, meat, dairy products and cosmetics have attracted worldwide attention in recent years owing to the spread of antibiotic resistance genes. However, analysis of antibacterial drugs in disinfection products was rarely realized. Hence, we herein reported the development and validation of an effective multiresidue method for the analysis of 12 antibacterial drugs in cream disinfection products, in which enhanced matrix removal-lipid (EMR-Lipid) hyphenated with ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) was utilized. The method was optimized based on the extraction solvent composition and the amounts of EMR-Lipid for cleanup. Acceptable mean absolute recoveries were obtained at a spiked level of 20 μg kg−1 in blank matrix samples for all selected targets, ranging from 35.5% to 82.4%. The co-extractive removal rate (by weight) up to 69.4% with 1 g EMR-Lipid for cleanup resulted in an excellent matrix effect (60.6–113.7%). The method detection and quantification limits of 12 analytes were in the range of 0.02–0.9 μg kg−1 and 0.08–2.7 μg kg−1, respectively. The mean corrected recoveries using the isotopic labeled chemicals of blank matrix samples ranged from 84.6% to 121.4%, when spiked with 5, 20 and 50 μg kg−1 of 12 antibacterial drugs. The results of intra-day precision and inter-day precision for all antibacterial drugs showed excellent repeatability (relative standard deviation (RSD) < 9.96%). Finally, the optimized method was applied to analyze 12 antibacterial drugs in 15 cream disinfection samples, and ofloxacin at a concentration of 21.3 ± 1.8 mg kg−1 was found in one sample.
Dehumanization of African-Americans Influences Racial Shooter Biases

Dehumanization, defined as the psychological process through which others are perceived as being non-human, has been of interest to researchers for many years, in part because of its potential to inform our understanding of how human beings justify harm toward out-groups. The current research extends the literature by using a novel experimental manipulation to investigate dehumanization’s effect on automatic behavior toward out-groups (e.g., racial shooter biases) and examined perceived threat as a moderator. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three conditions (African-American dehumanization, white dehumanization, and control). Across two studies (Study 1, n = 290; Study 2, n = 318), those in the African-American dehumanization condition were quicker to correctly shoot armed African-American (vs. white) targets (d = − .21, 95% CI [− .38, − .04]) compared to the other two conditions. This effect was only significant among participants who perceived African-Americans as relatively more threatening.
Passive Acoustic Measurement of Dive Vocal Behavior and Group Size of Blainville's Beaked Whale (Mesoplodon densirostris) in the Tongue of the Ocean (TOTO)

The vocal behavior of Blainville's beaked whale (Mesoplodon densirostris) was measured using the bottom-mounted hydrophones of the Atlantic Undersea Test and Evaluation Center (AUTEC) in the Bahamas. The statistics for the vocal durations and gaps within these vocal periods were measured over multiple deep foraging dives. The sizes of foraging groups of M. densirostris were estimated from the dive vocalization durations by applying click rate and detection ratio statistics derived from Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) Digital recording Tags (DTags) to visually verified data collected on the AUTEC range.
Decision aids in anesthesia: do they help?

Purpose of review Patient decision aids are educational tools used to assist patients and clinicians in healthcare decisions. As healthcare moves toward patient-centered care, these tools can provide support to anesthesiologists by facilitating shared decision-making. Recent findings Recent research has shown that patient decision aids are beneficial in the clinical setting for patients and physicians. Studies have shown that patients feel better informed, have better knowledge, and have less anxiety, depression, and decisional conflict after using patient decision aids. In addition, a structured approach for the development of patient decision aids in the field of anesthesia has been established. Summary Patient decision aids can support patient-centered care delivery and shared decision-making, especially in the field of anesthesia. Current research involves implementing the use of patient decision aids in the discussion for monitored anesthesia care. Further development of quality metrics is needed to improve the decision aids and maximize decision quality.
Food insecurity and food pantry use among transgender and gender non-conforming people in the Southeast United States

Transgender and gender non-conforming (TGNC) people face high rates of poverty, joblessness, and homelessness, rendering this population vulnerable to experiencing food insecurity. Yet, there is almost no empirical evidence concerning food insecurity and the use of local and federal food assistance resources in the TGNC community. Food insecurity, the use of local and Federal food assistance resources, and associations with gender-related minority stressors and resilience using the Gender Minority Stress and Resilience (GMSR) scale among TGNC individuals living in the Southeast United States (U.S.) were documented in this study. A cross-sectional online survey was conducted with TGNC people living in the Southeast U.S. Participants were recruited via targeted Facebook advertisements. In total, 105 TGNC people completed the survey; 79% of survey participants experienced food insecurity, 19% utilized Federal, and 22% utilized local food assistance resources. High levels of minority stress and community resilience were reported. The GMSR resilience scale Pride (aOR = 1.09, 95% CI 1.00–1.19, p = .04) was significantly associated with the use of local food pantries, but minority stressors were not. No significant associations were found between GMSR and food security. TGNC people living in the Southeast U.S. experienced food insecurity, unstable housing, low wages, and social stigma that were a barrier to using emergency food resources. Multi-level public health solutions that address discriminatory legislative policies and create linkages between TGNC people and local and federal food assistance are required to address issues of food insecurity in the TGNC population.
Pregnancy outcome and weight gain recommendations for the morbidly obese woman

Objective To compare pregnancy outcomes between morbidly obese and nonobese women and to determine the effect of gestational weight gain on pregnancy outcome in morbidly obese women. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted comparing 613 morbidly obese and 11,313 nonobese women who were delivered of a singleton live birth. Morbid obesity was defined as a body mass index greater than 35. The incidence of selected perinatal and neonatal outcomes was assessed for the two groups. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the association between morbid obesity and various measures of outcome while controlling for potential confounders. A subanalysis of the morbidly obese patients was performed to assess the effect of gestational weight gain on pregnancy outcome. Result Morbidly obese patients were more likely to experience pregnancy complications including diabetes, hypertension, preeclampsia, and arrest-of-labor disorders; however, these were not affected by gestational weight gain. Morbidly obese patients were more likely to experience fetal distress and meconium and to undergo cesarean delivery than their nonobese counterparts ( P P Conclusion Gestational weight gain was not associated with adverse perinatal outcome, but it did influence neonatal outcome. To reduce the risk of delivery of an LGA newborn, the optimal gestational weight gain for morbidly obese women should not exceed 25 1b.
Pneumonia and Cardiac Function in Patients with Muscular Dystrophy

Pneumonia and Cardiac Function in Patients with Muscular Dystrophy Background: Patients with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) suffer from progressive muscle degeneration and weakness. Weakness of the respiratory muscles leads to decline in respiratory function and recurrent pneumonia. With chronic respiratory support, more patients may survive pulmonary complications and succumb to heart failure and ventricular arrhythmias associated with their cardiomyopathy. The relationship between pneumonia and its impact on cardiomyopathy has not been well explored. We hypothesized that pneumonia in a patient with …
GRAVITATIONAL AND ROTATIONAL EFFECTS ON SUPERCONDUCTORS

During the past several decades, a series of fascinating phenomena in superconductors have been discovered which show that the electron pairs, called Cooper pairs, which are responsible for superconductivity, are in the same quantum mechanical state, described by a wave function ψ\( \psi (\vec{x},\,t) \) that has appreciable value throughout the superconductor which normally has macroscopic dimensions. This naturally raises the question of what effects the two long range fields, namely the electromagentic and gravitational fields, have on a superconductor. The effect of the electromagnetic field has been studied extensively.1,2 Indeed, a superconducting device, the SQUID, provides the most sensitive measurement of this field. This gives an additional reason for studying the effect of gravity, since the extreme sensitivity of superconducting devices may enable us to test for the first time relativistic gravitational effects on a charged quantum mechanical system (the Cooper pair).
Decomposing text processing for retrieval: Cheshire tries GRID@CLEF

This short paper describes Berkeley's participation in the [email protected] task. The [email protected] task is intended to capture in XML form the intermediate results of the text processing phases of the indexing process used by IR systems. Our approach was to create a new instrumented version of the indexing program used with the Cheshire II system. Thanks to an extension by the organizers, we were able to submit runs derived from our system. The system used for this task is a modified version of the Cheshire II IR system, to which output files for the different intermediate streams have been added. The additions, like the original system were written in C. Developing this system required creating parallel modules for several elements of the Cheshire II indexing programs. The current version handles the simplest processing cases, and currently ignores the many specialized indexing modes in the system (such as geographic name extraction and georeferencing).
JPF-SE: a symbolic execution extension to Java PathFinder

We present JPF-SE, an extension to the Java PathFinder Model Checking framework (JPF) that enables the symbolic execution of Java programs. JPF-SE uses JPF to generate and explore symbolic execution paths and it uses off-the-shelf decision procedures to manipulate numeric constraints.
The Dependent Patient: A Practitioner's Guide

Virtually every mental health professional has worked with patients who are overly dependent -- patients who have trouble asserting themselves within and outside therapy, alienate others with a pervasive pattern of clinging insecurity, and undermine their social and work relationships with frequent requests for help and reassurance. Such patients have always presented unique treatment challenges for therapists, but in today's managed care-driven environment, with its emphasis on time-limited therapy and cost-effective treatment, the overly dependent patient can be even more challenging. The Dependent Patient: A Practitioner's Guide presents an integrated, empirically based framework for diagnosis, assessment, and treatment of dependent psychotherapy patients. Rather than being bound to a single theoretical view, The Dependent Patient integrates ideas and findings from a broad array of theoretical perspectives. This book will be a valuable resource for any practitioner who works in an inpatient, outpatient, rehabilitation, or day treatment/partial hospitalization setting, regardless of the practitioner's background and level of training.