cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
DNAGEL: a computer program for determining DNA fragment sizes using a small computer equipped with a graphics tablet

The program DNAGEL is used to determine the size of DNA fragments run on agarose or polyacrylamide gels. The positions of the bands are read from gel photographs by means of a digitizer. Standard curves are calculated by the method of Southern (1979). The bands, as they are measured, are reproduced on the screen so that erroneous input can be recognized and corrected immediately. Similarly the estimated fragment sizes are printed in a table in the same relative positions as the bands on the gel. This makes it especially easy to relate fragment sizes with the bands on the gel picture. As an additional function the calculated positions of bands can be displayed on the screen. The program DNAGEL is written in APPLESOFT BASIC, suitable for APPLE II computers with 48K memory connected to a monitor, printer and a HOUSTON graphics tablet.
Population Density and Cancer Mortality Differentials in New York State, 1978–1982

This report describes sex- and site-specific patterns of cancer mortality within five population density quintiles in New York State exclusive of New York City between 1978 and 1982....Data show a direct association between population density and mortality from all cancer deaths combined among both males and females....Population density as measured in this investigation may represent a surrogate measure for other cancer risk factors such as socioeconomic status personal health behaviours and differential exposures to environmental agents which are related to cancer morbidity and cancer mortality. (EXCERPT)
Topical rapamycin suppresses the angiogenesis pathways induced by pulsed dye laser: Molecular mechanisms of inhibition of regeneration and revascularization of photocoagulated cutaneous blood vessels

Background and Objectives Pulsed dye laser (PDL) is the most effective treatment for port wine stain (PWS) birthmarks. However, regeneration and revascularization of photocoagulated blood vessels may result in poor therapeutic outcome. We have recently shown that rapamycin (RPM), an angiogenesis inhibitor, can reduce the regeneration and revascularization of photocoagulated blood vessels. Herein, we attempt to further elucidate the molecular pathophysiology on the inhibition of the regeneration and revascularization of photocoagulated blood vessels by topical RPM in an animal model. Materials and Methods Two separate skin areas on each hamster were irradiated by PDL. After PDL exposure, topical RPM was applied daily to one of the randomly selected test sites. PDL, PDL + RPM and normal skin test sites were biopsied on day 3 after PDL exposure. The total ribonucleic acid (RNA) and protein were extracted from biopsied skin samples and quantified. Real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunoblot were subsequently performed to quantify the mRNA and protein levels of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1α), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and ribosomal protein S6 kinase (S6). The phosphorylation levels of S6 and AKT were also evaluated by immunoblot. Results The mRNA and protein levels of HIF-1α, VEGF, and S6 significantly increased after PDL exposure as compared to the normal hamster skin. Topical application of 1% RPM suppressed the PDL-induced increase in mRNA and protein levels of those genes on day 3 post-PDL exposure. The phosphorylation levels of S6 and AKT increased after PDL exposure but the increases were suppressed by the topical application of RPM. Conclusion The increase in expression of HIF-1α, VEGF, and S6 after PDL-exposure suggests that angiogenesis pathways play very active roles in the process of skin blood vessel regeneration and revascularization. Topical application of 1% RPM can suppress the angiogenesis pathways and, therefore, reduce the regeneration and revascularization of photocoagulated blood vessels. Lasers Surg. Med. 44: 796–804, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Rethinking religion and political legitimacy across the Islam–West divide

The relationship between religion and politics is a bone of political contention and a source of deep confusion across the Islam–West divide. When most western liberals cast their gaze on Muslim societies today, what they see is deeply disconcerting. From their perspective there is simply too much religion in public life in the Arab-Islamic world, which raises serious questions for them about the prospects for democracy in this part of the world. This article critically explores the relationship between religion and political legitimacy with a geographical and cultural focus on the Muslim Middle East. The broad historical question that shapes this inquiry is: Why is religion a source of political legitimacy in Muslim societies today while in the West, broadly speaking, religion is a source of disagreement and illegitimacy?
A contact stress model for multifingered grasps of rough objects

A model that utilizes a contact-stress analysis of an arbitrarily shaped object in a multifingered grasp is developed. The fingers and the object are all treated as elastic bodies, and the region of contact is modeled as a deformable surface patch. The relationship between the friction and normal forces is now nonlocal and nonlinear in nature and departs from the Coulomb approximation. The nature of the constraints arising out of conditions for compatibility and static equilibrium motivated the formulation of the model as a nonlinear constrained minimization problem. The model is able to predict the magnitude of the inwardly directed normal forces and both the magnitude and direction of the tangential (friction) forces at each finger/object interface for grasped objects in static equilibrium. Examples in two and three dimensions are presented along with an application of the model to the grasp transfer maneuver. >
Study design's influence on empirical findings in economic education

We use Meta-Regression Analysis (MRA) to investigate how study design influences the finding of a gender gap in the economics education literature. We survey 65 studies published in the American Economics Review Papers and Proceedings and the Journal of Economic Education over the past 30 years, containing 279 distinct regressions. We find that studies with more explanatory variables, include statistics courses taught by economists, or sample preadolescent children are associated with a reduced likelihood of observing a gender gap; in contrast, studies that employ a stock model methodology or use course grade as the dependent variable are significantly more likely to find evidence of a gender gap. Estimation strategy seems to have little impact. We conclude that much of the conventional view of a gender gap in economics performance can be attributed to study design.
Use of hydrochemetry and temperature of underground waters in petroleum exploration: A Review

Chemistry and temperature of underground waters appear to be useful tools in petroleum exploration.
Contrasting Molecular Population Genetics of Four Hexokinases in Drosophila melanogaster, D. simulans and D. yakuba

As part of a larger study contrasting patterns of variation in regulatory and nonregulatory enzymes of the central metabolic pathways we have examined the molecular variation in four uncharacterized hexokinase genes unique to muscle, fat body, and testis in Drosophila melanogaster, D. simulans, and D. yakuba. Earlier isoenzyme studies had designated these genes as Hex-A, Hex-C, and Hex-t. There are two tightly linked testes-specific genes designated here as Hex-t1 and Hex-t2. Substantial and concordant differences across species are seen in levels of both amino acid and silent polymorphism. The flight muscle form Hex-A is the most conserved followed by the fat body hexokinase Hex-C and testis-specific hexokinases Hex-t1 and Hex-t2. While constraints acting at the amino acid level are expected, the silent polymorphisms follow this pattern as well. All genes are in regions of normal recombination, therefore hitchhiking and background selection are not likely causes of interlocus differences. In D. melanogaster latitudinal clines are seen for amino acid polymorphisms at the Hex-C and Hex-t2 loci. There is evidence for accelerated amino acid substitution in Hex-t1 that has lost residues known to be associated with glucose and glucose-6-phosphate binding. D. simulans shows substantial linkage phase structuring that suggests historical population subdivision.
Experimenting with pair programming in the classroom

There is now a substantial body of evidence in support of the use of pair programming in the classroom[3, 4, 10, 11, 13, 14]. Some of the data is anecdotal and some is the result of formal experiments. We are not aware of any published data that raises concerns about allowing students to complete programming projects using pair programming.In this paper we present data from three studies performed at UCSC. All three studies support the position that pair programming results in more student learning.
The effect of family sex composition on fertility desires and family planning behaviors in urban Uttar Pradesh, India

Background A cultural preference for sons has been well documented in India, resulting in skewed sex ratios, especially exhibited in northwest India. Previous research has shown that family sex composition is associated with family planning (FP) use and couples’ desire for more children. This study examines family sex composition and fertility and FP behaviors in urban Uttar Pradesh, India; little work has examined these issues in urban settings where family sizes are smaller and FP use is common.
Telecare Collaborative Management of Chronic Pain in Primary Care: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Importance Chronic musculoskeletal pain is among the most prevalent, costly, and disabling medical disorders. However, few clinical trials have examined interventions to improve chronic pain in primary care. Objective To determine the effectiveness of a telecare intervention for chronic pain. Design, Setting, and Participants The Stepped Care to Optimize Pain Care Effectiveness (SCOPE) study was a randomized trial comparing a telephone-delivered collaborative care management intervention vs usual care in 250 patients with chronic (≥3 months) musculoskeletal pain of at least moderate intensity (Brief Pain Inventory [BPI] score ≥5). Patients were enrolled from 5 primary care clinics in a single Veterans Affairs medical center from June 2010 through May 2012, with 12-month follow-up completed by June 2013. Interventions Patients were randomized either to an intervention group (n = 124) or to a usual care group whose members received all pain care as usual from their primary care physicians (n = 126). The intervention group received 12 months of telecare management that coupled automated symptom monitoring with an algorithm-guided stepped care approach to optimizing analgesics. Main Outcomes and Measures Primary outcome was the BPI total score, which ranges from 0 (“no pain”) to 10 (“pain as bad as you can imagine”) and for which a 1-point change is considered clinically important. Secondary pain outcomes included BPI interference and severity, global pain improvement, treatment satisfaction, and use of opioids and other analgesics. Results Overall, mean (SD) baseline BPI scores in the intervention and control groups were 5.31 (1.81) and 5.12 (1.80), respectively. Compared with usual care, the intervention group had a 1.02-point lower (95% CI, −1.58 to −0.47) BPI score at 12 months (3.57 vs 4.59). Patients in the intervention group were nearly twice as likely to report at least a 30% improvement in their pain score by 12 months (51.7% vs 27.1%; relative risk, 1.9 [95% CI, 1.4 to 2.7]), with a number needed to treat of 4.1 (95% CI, 3.0 to 6.4) for a 30% improvement. Secondary pain outcomes also improved. Few patients in either group required opioid initiation or dose escalation. Conclusions and Relevance Telecare collaborative management increased the proportion of primary care patients with improved chronic musculoskeletal pain. This was accomplished by optimizing nonopioid analgesic medications using a stepped care algorithm and monitoring. Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov Identifier:NCT00926588
Numerical accuracy and hardware tradeoffs for CORDIC arithmetic for special-purpose processors

The coordinate rotation digital computer (CORDIC) algorithm is used in numerous special-purpose systems for real-time signal processing applications. An analysis of fixed-point CORDIC in the Y-reduction mode, which allows computation of the inverse tangent function, shows that unnormalized input values can result in large numerical errors. The authors describe two approaches for tackling the numerical accuracy problem. The first approach builds on a fixed-point CORDIC unit and eliminates the problem by including additional hardware for normalization. A method for integrating the normalization operation with the CORDIC iterations for efficient implementation in O(n/sup 1.5/) hardware is provided. The second solution to the accuracy problem is to use a floating-point CORDIC unit but reduce the implementation complexity by using a hybrid architecture. Arguments to support the use of such an architecture in certain special-purpose arrays are presented. >
SEXUAL FANTASIES OF BLACK AND OF WHITE COLLEGE STUDENTS

The intent of the study was to obtain data on the incidence of sexual fantasies and on the relationship of sex and race to types of sexual fantasies listed on an original Sexual Fantasy Questionnaire. Participants were 128 college students between the ages of 18 and 34 yr., including 28 black women, 45 white women, 25 black men, and 30 white men. Analysis of responses to the 34 sexual fantasies led to conclusions that blacks were more likely to utilize fantasy during intercourse. Whites were more prone to feel guilt for having sexual fantasies. Blacks were less satisfied with their sexual relations. Both black men and women had higher mean frequencies than white men and women for fantasies involving aggression, homosexual behavior, oral and anal sex, and sex with someone of a different race.
The msbB Mutant of Neisseria meningitidis Strain NMB Has a Defect in Lipooligosaccharide Assembly and Transport to the Outer Membrane

A deletion-insertion mutation in msbB, a gene that encodes a lipid A acyltransferase, was introduced into encapsulated Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B strain NMB and an acapsular mutant of the same strain. These mutants were designated NMBA11K3 and NMBA11K3cap-, respectively. Neither lipooligosaccharide (LOS) nor lipid A could be isolated from NMBA11K3 although a number of techniques were tried, but both were easily extracted from NMBA11K3cap-. Immunoelectron microscopy using monoclonal antibody (MAb) 6B4, which recognizes the terminal Galbeta1-4GlcNAc of LOS, demonstrated that NMB, NMBcap-, and NMBA11K3cap- expressed LOS circumferentially, while MAb 6B4 did not bind to the surface of NMBA11K3. However, cytoplasmic staining of NMBA11K3 with MAb 6B4 was a consistent observation. Mass-spectrometric analyses demonstrated that the relative amounts of the lipid A-specific C12:0 3-OH and C14:0 3-OH present in the membrane preparations (MP) from NMBA11K3 were substantially decreased (25- and 23-fold, respectively) compared to the amount in MP from its parent strain, NMB. Western blot analyses of MP from NMBA11K3 demonstrated that the levels of porin in the outer membrane of NMBA11K3 were also substantially decreased. These studies suggest that the lipid A acylation defect in encapsulated NMBA11K3 influences the assembly of the lipid A and consequently the incorporation of porin in the outer membrane.
Element selection for partial adaptive nulling

Partial adaptive nulling selects a subset of all the elements in an array to have adaptive weights. Making only a few of the elements adaptive requires less hardware and reduces computational complexity compared to fully adaptive arrays. Partial adaptive nulling was first advocated in the 1980's [1] and is important in power minimization adaptive algorithms [2]. This paper examines the effects of adaptive element selection for a partially adaptive array.
Temperature-aware microarchitecture

With power density and hence cooling costs rising exponentially, processor packaging can no longer be designed for the worst case, and there is an urgent need for runtime processor-level techniques that can regulate operating temperature when the package's capacity is exceeded. Evaluating such techniques, however, requires a thermal model that is practical for architectural studies.This paper describes HotSpot, an accurate yet fast model based on an equivalent circuit of thermal resistances and capacitances that correspond to microarchitecture blocks and essential aspects of the thermal package. Validation was performed using finite-element simulation. The paper also introduces several effective methods for dynamic thermal management (DTM): "temperature-tracking" frequency scaling, localized toggling, and migrating computation to spare hardware units. Modeling temperature at the microarchitecture level also shows that power metrics are poor predictors of temperature, and that sensor imprecision has a substantial impact on the performance of DTM.
Automated opto-electronic packaging for 10 Gb/s transponders

Integrated transponders are quickly displacing discrete module implementation in many 10 Gb/s line card designs. The emergence of the 10 Gigabit Ethernet (10 GbE) standard had placed higher demands on manufacturing scalability to meet the volume requirements of this application. To meet these challenges, we have developed a novel automated manufacturing implementation of small form factor, high performance, and highly integrated uncooled optics. We describe the design and automated manufacturing of such modules, present their performance, and show how they enable the implementation of new miniature, low cost 10 Gb/s transponders.
Comparison of soil and other environmental conditions in constructed and adjacent palustrine reference wetlands

Wetlands are created to compensate for the loss of natural wetlands as a result of human landuse activities. How well these constructed wetlands mimic natural wetlands is in debate. The goal of this study was to compare soil and other environmental conditions within constructed and adjacent reference wetlands to assess the progress of the constructed wetlands towards a functional wetland. Three constructed wetlands in Virginia, USA, 4 to 7 years old, were paired with adjacent palustrine forested and scrub-shrub reference wetlands to examine differences in topography, hydrology, soil properties, and other environment conditions such as soil temperature and redox potential. Degree of microrelief was greater in reference wetlands than in the associated constructed wetlands. Seasonal fluctuations in water-table levels were similar in both wetland types. Two of the paired wetlands showed considerable differences (15 to 20 cm) in the depth to the water table. Redox potentials were similar in reference and constructed wetlands. Paired wetlands with water-table levels at or near the soil surface throughout the year showed similar soil temperatures. At the site where the summer water levels were 80 to 100 cm below the soil surface, summer temperatures were substantially higher in the poorly shaded, constructed wetland. At the two sites with high water-table levels throughout the year, percent clay and silt, levels of organic C and N, and cation exchange capacity were significantly greater (p <0.05) in the reference wetlands. At the drier site, only 3 of the 16 soil parameters compared were significantly different. In this limited study, observed differences in soil and other environmental conditions between paired wetlands suggest that constructed wetlands may not function in the same capacity as adjacent reference wetlands.
Hemoglobin-Based Oxygen Carrier for Traumatic Hemorrhagic Shock Treatment in a Jehovah's Witness.

Introduction: Treatment of severe hemorrhagic shock due to acute blood loss from traumatic injuries in a Jehovah’s witness (JW) trauma patient is very challenging since hemostatic blood product resuscitation is limited by refusal of the transfusion of allogeneic blood products. Case Presentation: We describe a multifaceted approach to the clinical care of a severely anemic JW trauma patient including the early administration of a bovine hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier (HBOC) as a bridge to resolution of critical anemia (nadir hemoglobin 3.9 g/dL). HBOC infusions were used to supplement oxygen delivery until endogenous erythropoiesis could restore adequate red blood cell mass. Subsequent endogenous bone marrow recovery was supported by early administration of high-dose erythropoiesis-stimulating agents and iron supplementation. Conclusions: Early HBOC administration can be used in the treatment of severe hemorrhagic shock in trauma patients who refuse allogeneic blood.
5α-dihydrotestosterone administration converts indolamine metabolism and porphyrin content of the female Syrian hamster Harderian gland to the male type

The effects of ovariectomy and exogenous androgen administration on the indole and porphyrin metabolism of Syrian hamster Harderian glands were studied. Ovariectomy alone had no effect on any of the parameters analyzed. The administration of either testosterone or 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone increased the activity of N-acetyltransferase in the Harderian glands. However, androgen treatment failed to change the activity of hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase. Melatonin content of the glands dropped 20 days after treatment with testosterone and 10 days after the administration of 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone. The porphyrin content of the Harderian glands was dramatically depressed after the administration of either androgen. It is concluded that the Harderian glands of Syrian hamsters are under an androgenic control involving 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone.
Diffusion of Lithium in Bulk Amorphous Silicon: A Theoretical Study

The rate performance of lithium-ion secondary batteries depends critically on the kinetic transport of Li within the anode material. Here we use first-principles theoretical calculations to study the diffusion of Li in the low-concentration limit, using model electrodes of crystalline and four-fold coordinated bulk amorphous silicon. We identify Li diffusion pathways that have relatively low energy barriers ( 1 nm) distances depends on the atomic-scale features of the silicon host. We find that both the energy barriers for diffusion and the topology of the atomic structure control the diffusion. We estimate the diffusion rate in amorphous Si anode to be comparable to the rate in crystalline Si anodes. These findings shed light on the wide range of reported experimental results for Li diffusion in Si anodes.
Graded differential photoreceptor orientation: ramifications for ultramicrotomy of retina.

When sectioning small blocks of tissue from the retina of the eye, it is sometimes difficult to obtain sections which simultaneously cut squarely across the inner retinal layers and are on the long axis of the photoreceptors. This difficulty is, at least partially, due to the fact that the receptors tilt progressively relative to the tangent to the retinal curve at progressively more peripheral loci. Consideration of the graded differential orientation of the receptors indicates that, in order for the section to be simultaneously coaxial with the receptors and the inner retinal layers, the plane of the section must be parallel to and include the anterior-posterior axis of the eye, as in the case when the whole eye is sectioned through its center. It is illustrated that this criterion can be met for small blocks of retina if the block is excised along a parallel of the eye and the plane of section is perpendicular to the tangent to the retinal curve and the parallel. An approach which accomplishes this is ...
Complications of Hypospadias Surgery

Hypospadias repairs are performed in a unique environment with unique tissue. The potential for edema is tremendous. Given the difficult conditions, there will probably never be an operation for hypospadias that will be uniformly and totally successful. Nevertheless, the authors provide a categorization of complications and some useful guidelines for management.
Axioms for the Field ℝ of Real Numbers

What are the real numbers and what can they do for us? The goal of this chapter is to give a working answer to the first question (the remaining chapters address the second). The present chapter should be regarded as a leisurely definition; read no more than is necessary to have a feeling for the axioms.
The Cuba Conundrum: Corporate Governance and Compliance Challenges for U.S. Publicly-Traded Companies

The list of companies exploring business opportunities in Cuba reads like a who’s who of household names- Starwood Hotels, Netflix, Jet Blue, Carnival, Google, and AirBnB are either conducting business or have publicly announced plans to do so now that the Obama administration has normalized relations with Cuba. The 1962 embargo and the 1996 Helm-Burton Act remain in place, but companies are preparing for or have already been taking advantage of the new legal exemptions that ban business with Cuba. Many firms, however, may not be focusing on the corporate governance and compliance challenges of doing business in Cuba. This Essay will briefly discuss the pitfalls related to doing business with state-owned enterprises like those in Cuba; the particular complexity of doing business in Cuba; and the challenges of complying with US anti-bribery and whistleblower laws in the totalitarian country. I will also raise the possibility that Cuba will return to a state of corporatism and the potential impact that could have on compliance and governance programs. I conclude that board members have a fiduciary duty to ensure that their companies comply with existing US law despite these challenges and recommend a code of conduct that can be used for Cuba or any emerging markets which may pose similar difficulties.
Ethics for Big Data and Analytics

This article investigates some issues associated with big data and analytics (big data) and ethics, examining how big data ethics are different than computer ethics and other more general ethical frameworks. In so doing, the author briefly investigates some of the previous research in "computer ethics," reviews some codes of ethics, analyzes the application of two frameworks on ethics to big data, and provides a definition of big data ethics. Ultimately, the author argues that in order to get sufficient specificity, a code of ethics for big data is necessary.
Ultrafast dynamics in DNA

A DNA base pair has been replaced by a coumarin, and the DNA’s “solvation” dynamics monitored by time-resolved Stokes shift measurements. The shift is logarithmic in time, indicating an extremely broad distribution of relaxation times.
AN 800-MEV PROTON RADIOGRAPHY FACILITY FOR DYNAMIC EXPERIMENTS

The capability has successfully been developed at the Los Alamos Nuclear Science Center (LANSCE) to utilize a spatially and temporally prepared 800 MeV proton beam to produce proton radiographs. A series of proton bursts are transmitted through a dynamic object and transported, via a unique magnetic lens system, to an image plane. The magnetic lens system permits correcting for the e⁄ects of multiple coulomb scattering which would otherwise completely blur the spatially transmitted information at the image plane. The proton radiographs are recorded either on a time integrating film plate or with a recently developed multi-frame electronic imaging camera system. The latter technique permits obtaining a time dependent series of proton radiographs with time intervals (modulo 358 ns) up to many microseconds and variable time intervals between images. One electronically shuttered, intensified, CCD camera is required per image. These cameras can detect single protons interacting with a scintillating fiber optic array in the image plane but also have a dynamic range which permits recording radiographs with better than 5% statistics for observation of detailed density variations in the object. A number of tests have been carried out to characterize the quality of the proton radiography system for absolute mass determination, resolution, and dynamic range. Initial dynamic experiments characterized the temporal and spatial behavior of shock propagation in a high explosive sample with up to six images per experiment. Based on experience with the prototype system, a number of upgrades are being implemented including the anticipated capability for enhanced mass discrimination through di⁄erential multiple coulomb scattering radiographs and more images with improved imaging techniques. ( 1999 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Quantifying uncertainty of a reacting multiphase flow in a bench-scale fluidized bed gasifier: A Bayesian approach

Abstract Adequate assessment of the uncertainties is becoming an integral part of the engineering design. This study is based on several efforts that are underway to investigate the uncertainty quantification (UQ) methods that are applicable to multiphase flows. Although particular emphasis has been given on identifying, characterizing and managing uncertainties in computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations, experimental data used in the validation of the CFD model is as critical. Hence, the goal of this paper is to demonstrate application of non-intrusive Bayesian uncertainty quantification methodology in multiphase (gas-solid) flows with experimental data as part of our research efforts to determine the most suited approach for UQ. For this purpose, a bench scale fluidized bed gasifier experiment from a prior study is used to demonstrate the applicability of Bayesian techniques on sparse data. Global sensitivity analysis performed as part of the UQ study shows that among the three operating factors, steam to oxygen ratio has the most influence on syngas composition in the gasifier. An analysis for forward propagation of uncertainties shows that an increase in steam to oxygen ratio leads to an increase in H2 mole fraction and a decrease in CO mole fraction. These findings are in agreement with the reference experimental study. Another contribution in addition to the UQ analysis is the optimization-based approach employed to identify next best set of additional experimental samples. Hence, the surrogate models constructed as part of the UQ analysis is employed to improve the information gain and make incremental recommendation, should the possibility to add more experiments arise. The insight gained from this study has been extensively used in the follow-up UQ study with the CFD modeling of the same gasifier configuration.
Evaluating the application and utility of ESSENCE for early event detection

Objective A mixed methods study is being conducted on the statewide Early Notification of Community Based Epidemics (ESSENCE) system in Missouri to identify factors that can improve the timeliness and identification of outbreaks. This research will provide stakeholders with guidance on how best to implement and improve ESSENCE usage statewide, and by sharing this research input can be solicited on the utility of the applied framework as well as future implications from this body of work. Introduction In spite of the noted benefits of syndromic surveillance, and more than a decade after it started gaining support, the primary use for syndromic surveillance appears to be largely for seasonal and jurisdictional disease monitoring, event response and situational awareness as opposed to its intended purpose of early event detection. (1-4) Research assessing the user characteristics and standards applied at local public health agencies (LPHA’s) for syndromic surveillance are scarce, and in national surveys epidemiologists frequently tend to utilize their own syndromic surveillance systems as opposed to a national system such as Biosense. While the National Syndromic Surveillance Program (NSSP) has addressed many operational concerns from stakeholders, and is in the process of providing access to the cloud based Biosense platform-along with ESSENCE as a key tool, there is still a paucity of research that exists as to what can be done to improve the utilization of syndromic surveillance systems for its primary purpose of early event detection. Methods This research proposes to evaluate the use of ESSENCE within Missouri and the surrounding areas, to comprehensively identify its strengths and limitations, through an assessment of the user experience. This research will evaluate three key areas: 1) the quality of the data received by the syndromic surveillance system, 2) the characteristics of the individuals and organizations utilizing the system (end-users), 3) the influence and extent of syndromic surveillance data on public health actions. ESSENCE data will be evaluated directly with special attention to the top three data quality attributes across the literature, completeness, accuracy and timeliness. (5) A survey will also be administered to ESSENCE system users and public health leadership at LPHA’s, to gain insight into perspectives, perceptions and general practices, as well as how they interact with data from ESSENCE. Results The data for this research is primarily being collected throughout the fall of 2016, so the hope is to bring preliminary data to this conference as a means to validate some of the findings, solicit input on the proposed framework and share this research in a timely manner for the NSSP roll out of Biosense and ESSENCE. Conclusions Through a thorough evaluation, the application and utility of ESSENCE for early event detection will be better understood, along with the identification of factors that can be targeted in the future (and across syndromic surveillance platforms) for improvement in the timely identification of outbreaks.
Association between ADH1B and ADH1C haplotype tag SNPs and breast cancer risk, and the interaction with alcohol drinking

AACR Annual Meeting-- Apr 12-16, 2008; San Diego, CA 5814 Abstract 5814 has been selected for inclusion in the AACR’s Annual Meeting press program and is therefore embargoed until date and time of press briefing or scientific presentation, whichever comes first. The abstract is scheduled for scientific presentation and will be posted to this site at or after the following date and time: 4/16/2008 8:30 AM.
Total Laparoscopic Hysterectomy for the Patient with Concomitant Pelvic Organ

Coexisting pelvic organ prolapse (POP) presents a unique challenge during laparoscopic hysterectomy. The primary goal of surgical treatment of POP at the time of hysterectomy is to reconstruct the pericervical ring and to restore the integrity of endopelvic fascia. This chapter describes precise techniques for hysterectomy with concomitant repair of pelvic prolapse, including importance of anatomy, surgical considerations and techniques for avoiding ureteral injury. Laparoscopic techniques for uterosacral ligament suspension and sacrocolpopexy are clearly described.
Effects of Surface Properties on Particle Capture by Two Species of Suspension-Feeding Bivalve Molluscs

Abstract: The capabilities of suspension-feeding bivalve molluscs to discriminately ingest particles are well known. Physicochemical properties of particles have been shown to play a role in mediating post-capture selection in these animals. In particular, particle surface charge and wettability, a proxy for hydrophobic-hydrophilic forces, can be used by different bivalve species as determinants of selection. How physicochemical factors of particles affect their capture, however, have been little studied. To investigate such interactions, a series of adhesion assays and particle capture experiments were designed. First, mucus from the gills of the blue mussel, Mytilus edulis (Linnaeus 1758), and the bay scallop, Argopecten irradians (Lamarck 1819), were isolated separately, adsorbed onto glass microscope slides, and incubated with polystyrene microspheres (10 μm) that were either untreated or covalently bound to different neoglycoproteins (NGP; N-acetyl-glucosamine, D-mannose), or bovine serum albumin (BS...
Functional Connectivity of Cognitive Brain Networks in Schizophrenia during a Working Memory Task.

Task-based connectivity studies facilitate the understanding of how the brain functions during cognition, which is commonly impaired in schizophrenia (SZ). Our aim was to investigate functional connectivity during a working memory task in SZ. We hypothesized that the task-negative (default mode) network and the cognitive control (frontoparietal) network would show dysconnectivity. Twenty-five SZ patient and 31 healthy control scans were collected using the customized 3T Siemens Skyra MRI scanner, previously used to collect data for the Human Connectome Project. Blood oxygen level dependent signal during the 0-back and 2-back conditions were extracted within a network-based parcelation scheme. Average functional connectivity was assessed within five brain networks: frontoparietal (FPN), default mode (DMN), cingulo-opercular (CON), dorsal attention (DAN), and ventral attention network; as well as between the DMN or FPN and other networks. For within-FPN connectivity, there was a significant interaction between n-back condition and group (p = 0.015), with decreased connectivity at 0-back in SZ subjects compared to controls. FPN-to-DMN connectivity also showed a significant condition × group effect (p = 0.003), with decreased connectivity at 0-back in SZ. Across groups, connectivity within the CON and DAN were increased during the 2-back condition, while DMN connectivity with either CON or DAN were decreased during the 2-back condition. Our findings support the role of the FPN, CON, and DAN in working memory and indicate that the pattern of FPN functional connectivity differs between SZ patients and control subjects during the course of a working memory task.
Interpreting the Tradition

This chapter explores the challenges facing contemporary Catholic head teachers working in Catholic schools in England. It is explained that these head teachers face a complex set of issues and difficulties. Many of these stem from the loss of spiritual capital and cannot simply be responded to through ongoing professional development. The chapter weaves together a challenging analysis that is underpinned and supported by the experiences and insights of serving head teachers. This leads to some challenging conclusions about the potential threats to the future of Catholic Education in a country like England.
Sulfones as Synthetic Linchpins: Transition‐Metal‐Free sp3–sp2 and sp2–sp2 Cross‐Couplings Between Geminal Bis(sulfones) and Organolithium Compounds

A valuable umpolung strategy that highlights the ambiphilic nature of the bis(phenylsulfonyl)methyl synthon and demonstrates its utility as a synthetic linchpin is reported. Although the bis(phenylsulfonyl)methyl group is typically introduced as an sp3 -carbon nucleophile, it is demonstrated that it can also function as an effective sp2 -carbon electrophile in the presence of organolithium nucleophiles. Alkyl- and aryllithiums couple with the central carbon of the bis(phenylsulfonyl)methyl unit to ultimately generate trisubstituted alkenes, comprising formal sp3 -sp2 and sp2 -sp2 cross-couplings between organolithium reagents and bis(sulfones). This process occurs almost instantaneously at -78 °C in the absence of any transition metals. By developing this curious transformation, it has been demonstrated that bis(phenylsulfonyl)methane is a valuable synthetic linchpin, which can undergo two C-C bond-forming processes as an sp3 -nucleophile, followed by a third C-C bond-forming reaction as an effective sp2 -electrophile. This discovery significantly enhances the utility of this ubiquitous, but underutilized, linker group.
The Accessory Olfactory System: Innately Specialized or Microcosm of Mammalian Circuitry?

In mammals, the accessory olfactory system is a distinct circuit that has received attention for its role in detecting and responding to pheromones. While the neuroscientific investigation of this ...
Abstract 20292: The Interaction Between Isolated Low High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol With Fitness and Mortality: The Henry Ford Exercise Testing Project (FIT Project)

Introduction: Isolated low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) is associated with lower fitness and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Whether the association between isola...
DEFORMATION MECHANISMS OF ALPHA-URANIUM SINGLE CRYSTALS

The operative deformation elements in α-uranium single crystals under compression at room temperature have been determined as a function of the compression directions. The deformation mechanisms noted may be arranged with respect to their frequency of occurrence and ease of operation in the following order: 1—(010)-[100] slip, 2—{130} twinning, 3—{~172} twinning, and 4—under special conditions of stress application, kinking, cross-slip, {~176} twinning, and {011} slip. The composition planes of the {172} and {176} systems were found to be irrational. Cross-slip was shown to be associated with the major (010) slip system, coupled with localized interaction of slip on the (001) planes. The mechanism of kinking was found to be similar to that observed in other metals in that it occurred chiefly when the compression direction was nearly parallel to the principal slip direction [100] and was associated with a lattice rotation about an axis contained in the slip plane and normal to the slip direction: the [001] in the uranium lattice. The resolved critical shear stress for slip on the (010)-[100] system was found to be 0.34 kg per mm2. In a single test it was shown that under compression in suitable directions twinning on the {130} also occurs at 600°C
Common Logic and the Horatio problem

Modules allow the reuse of an ontology as part of another ontology. If the ontologies do not share a common domain of discourse a simple ‘cut and paste’ approach to module reuse leads to unintended consequences, the Horatio problem. To solve this problem ISO/IEC 24707's Common Logic includes modules as a syntactic category. However, the semantics of modules is treated incongruently in ISO/IEC 24707. In this paper we propose an alternative semantics of modules, discuss their logical properties, and how they can be used in ontology development.
Accessory Equipment for Arc and Spark Spectrochemical Analysis

To use a spectrometer to produce atomic spectra for spectrochemical analysis, a number of items are required that can be classed as accessory equipment. The spectrometer is used to produce the atomic spectra, but for analytical purposes the spectra must be obtained in a reproducible manner. This chapter describes the accessory equipment commonly used to produce emission spectra for analytical purposes.
OPQ Version 2: An Architecture for Distributed, Real-Time, High Performance Power Data Acquisition, Analysis, and Visualization

OpenPowerQuality (OPQ) is a framework that supports end-to-end capture, analysis, and visualizations of distributed real-time power quality (PQ) data. Version 2 of OPQ builds on version 1 by providing higher sampling rates, optional battery backup, end-to-end security, GPS synchronization, pluggable analysis, and a real-time visualization framework. OPQ provides real-time distributed power measurements which allows users to see both local PQ events and grid-wide PQ events. The OPQ project has three principal components: back-end hardware for making power measurements, middleware for data acquisition and analysis, and a front-end providing visualizations. OPQBox2 is a hardware platform that takes PQ measurements, provides onboard analysis, and securely transfers data to our middleware. The OPQ middleware performs filtering on the OPQBox2 sensor data and performs high-level PQ analysis. The results of our PQ analysis and real-time state of the sensor network are displayed using OPQView. We've collected distributed PQ data from locations across Oahu, Hawaii and have demonstrated our ability to detect both local and grid-wide power quality events.
Security analysis and recommendations for AI/ML enabled automated cyber medical systems

Artificial Intelligence (AI) and remote surgery go together in defining the future of intelligent medicine. The advancement of robotic surgery became a possibility by leveraging intelligent sensors, Machine Learning (ML), and reliable wireless connectivity in addition to low-latency response to surgical commands and automated responses to patient's status resulting in an accurate automated system. The trend is to develop cyber-medical systems through the integration of medical knowledge and engineering applications in order to create customizable intelligent healthcare procedures. Security plays a critical role while the systems navigate the dynamics of human-controlled connectivity versus autonomy, and remote commands versus automated responses to sensors. The systems need to “learn” from experience and transferred knowledge from other systems while protecting against learning from false data. This paper addresses the Cyber Security risks introduced by adapting the emerging technologies as well as providing potential solutions that are based on best practices. The ML model used in cyber medicine should be as simple as possible providing the required accuracy to produce the desired outcome, understanding that more complex models have higher chances of suffering the degradation effects of overfitting.
Antibodies to Borrelia turicatae in Experimentally Infected Dogs Cross-React with Borrelia burgdorferi Serologic Assays.

ABSTRACT Tick-borne relapsing fever (TBRF) is caused by several Borrelia spp. (including Borrelia turicatae), which are primarily transmitted by Ornithodoros ticks. Relapsing fever group species are found worldwide, except for Antarctica. Approximately 500 human cases were reported between 1990 and 2011 in the United States (likely an underestimate), while cases in domestic and wild dogs were reported from Florida, Texas, and Washington. TBRF spirochetes are related to Borrelia burgdorferi, the agent of Lyme borreliosis. Dogs are routinely screened for B. burgdorferi, but it is unknown if infection with TBRF agents produces antibodies cross-reactive with B. burgdorferi assays. These data are critical for accurate surveillance of TBRF and Lyme borreliosis in dogs. In this study, B. burgdorferi-negative dogs were inoculated with B. turicatae, and seroconversion was confirmed by the rBipA (recombinant Borrelia immunogenic protein A) Western blot. Seropositive samples were tested with commercial and veterinary diagnostic laboratory B. burgdorferi-based tests. Borrelia turicatae-seroreactive samples cross-reacted with a whole-cell indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) test and two multiantigen tests, but not with single-antigen tests using C6. Cross-reactivity with TBRF can confound epidemiology and surveillance efforts and confuse recommendations made by veterinarians for prevention and control. These findings demonstrate the need to critically evaluate results from B. burgdorferi diagnostic tests in the context of the assay type and the animal’s geographical location and history of travel, as well as highlighting the need for commercially available specific diagnostic tests for TBRF spirochetes.