cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
η-representation of sets and degrees

We show that a set has an η-representation in a linear order if and only if it is the range of a 0'-computable limitwise monotonic function. We also construct a Δ₃ Turing degree for which no set in that degree has a strong η-representation, answering a question posed by Downey.
Breaking up Is Hard to Do: The Dissolution of Judicial Supervision of Public Services

Public services in many states have been placed under federal court supervision. In our 1991 PAR article, we examined the implications of the federal judicial decisions in supervising the Kansas City Metropolitan School District for the “new triumviate” governing public services—public officials, legislators, and judges. In this article, we examine judicial decisions affecting the same school district a decade later to reveal the impact of judicial supervision on the school district and to discern the implications for policy termination. We find that, once begun, judicially mandated federal court supervision of public institutions is not readily terminated, even pursuant to the wishes of the United States Supreme Court.
Learning Appearance Based Models: Mixtures of Second Moment Experts

This paper describes a new technique for object recognition based on learning appearance models. The image is decomposed into local regions which are described by a new texture representation called "Generalized Second Moments" that are derived from the output of multiscale, multiorientation filter banks. Class-characteristic local texture features and their global composition is learned by a hierarchical mixture of experts architecture (Jordan & Jacobs). The technique is applied to a vehicle database consisting of 5 general car categories (Sedan, Van with back-doors, Van without back-doors, old Sedan, and Volkswagen Bug). This is a difficult problem with considerable in-class variation. The new technique has a 6.5% misclassification rate, compared to eigen-images which give 17.4% misclassification rate, and nearest neighbors which give 15.7% misclassification rate.
Fuzzy feature extraction and visualization for intrusion detection

The Fuzzy Intrusion Recognition Engine (FIRE) is a network intrusion detection system that uses fuzzy systems to assess malicious activity against computer networks. A key part of an intrusion detection system is the selection of key features that can characterize the state of the network. This work uses interactive data visualization to analyze the features of several different intrusion detection scenarios using the DARPA Lincoln Labs test data. Visualizing the data helps to characterize which features are key for identifying intrusions and if they can be characterized as fuzzy sets or by Boolean variables. These inputs can then be input into a fuzzy cognitive map that serves to fuse the inputs to detect more complex attacks.
Certification in Ergonomics

This article is an information update on certification in the practice of ergonomics. Ergonomic certification is currently being conducted by the Board of Certification in Professional Ergonomics for ergonomics/human factors practitioners. Ergonomic certification is also being discussed as a possibility for health care professionals by the National Interdisciplinary Committee on Health Ergonomics and the Medical Ergonomics Society.
Discharge Performance of Li–O2 Batteries Using a Multiscale Modeling Approach

To study the discharge performance of Li–O2 batteries, we propose a multiscale modeling framework that links models in an upscaling fashion from the nanoscale to mesoscale and finally to the device scale. We have effectively reconstructed the microstructure of a Li–O2 air electrode in silico, conserving the porosity, surface-to-volume ratio, and pore size distribution of the real air electrode structure. The mechanism of rate-dependent morphology of Li2O2 growth is incorporated into the mesoscale model. The correlation between the active-surface-to-volume ratio and averaged Li2O2 concentration is derived to link different scales. The proposed approach’s accuracy is first demonstrated by comparing the predicted discharge curves of Li–O2 batteries with experimental results at the high current density. Next, the validated modeling approach effectively captures the significant improvement in discharge capacity due to the formation of Li2O2 particles. Finally, it predicts the discharge capacities of Li–O2 batt...
Antitumor activity of thalidomide in refractory multiple myeloma.

Background Patients with myeloma who relapse after high-dose chemotherapy have few therapeutic options. Since increased bone marrow vascularity imparts a poor prognosis in myeloma, we evaluated the efficacy of thalidomide, which has antiangiogenic properties, in patients with refractory disease. Methods Eighty-four previously treated patients with refractory myeloma (76 with a relapse after high-dose chemotherapy) received oral thalidomide as a single agent for a median of 80 days (range, 2 to 465). The starting dose was 200 mg daily, and the dose was increased by 200 mg every two weeks until it reached 800 mg per day. Response was assessed on the basis of a reduction of the myeloma protein in serum or Bence Jones protein in urine that lasted for at least six weeks. Results The serum or urine levels of paraprotein were reduced by at least 90 percent in eight patients (two had a complete remission), at least 75 percent in six patients, at least 50 percent in seven patients, and at least 25 percent in six p...
Liquid chromatographic determination of benzoyl peroxide in acne preparations

A rapid, precise, and accurate liquid chromatographic (LC) method is described for the determination of benzoyl peroxide (BP) in acne preparations. BP is extracted from a water dispersion of the preparation with dichloromethane (DCM), and an aliquot is eluted from a C-18 reverse phase LC column with acetonitrile-0.10 M aqueous NaClO4. Selective and sensitive quantitation is accomplished with a reductive mode electrochemical detector. This detector is an order of magnitude more sensitive than a 240 nm UV absorption detector; the lower limit of detection is 2 ng for a 4 microL injection. The recovery of BP is 99.4% and the detector response is linear to at least 2 micrograms per 4 microL injection.
The two faces of Rift Valley fever virus virulence factor NSs: The development of a vaccine and the elucidation of pathogenesis.

In the summer of 1930, an excessive rainfall in Kenya, followed by an increase in the mosquito population, ultimately led to a large number of abortions in ewe flocks.1 This was to become the first...
Diverting the Libertine Gaze: Amelia Opie’s Adeline Mowbray

Although Father and Daughter obliquely touches upon the concerns of “Jacobin” sympathizers in England, Opie’s use of the sentimental tale tends to preclude overt socio-political commentary. In 1805, four years after the publication of Father and Daughter and at a moment when Mary Wollstonecraft’s reputation would seem to be fully compromised, Opie explicitly addresses republican concerns such as free love, free speech, and abolition in Adeline Mowbray; or, The Mother and Daughter.1 Indeed, the novel was considered a roman a clef about Wollstonecraft and William Godwin throughout the nineteenth century. While there are important differences between Wollstonecraft and Opie’s eponymous heroine and between Godwin and the novel’s hero, Frederic Glenmurray, the text does examine the confusion that ensues when a woman’s philosophical beliefs conflict with society’s notions about female sexuality. Adeline Mowbray is about naming a woman a “whore” because she is both sexually and intellectually transgressive. As Wollstonecraft and Hays had already demonstrated, telling the story of the “sexual” woman provides an ideal opportunity to critique unjust systems of social and legal regulation. Opie’s text, however, considers the consequences of deliberately choosing sexual transgression based upon deeply held philosophical principle.
Failure of somatostatin or an analog to promote closure of end pancreatic fistulae.

Somatostatin has been reported to promote closure of pancreatic fistulae, but use of the analog SMS 201-995 (Sandoz, Inc.) has not previously been publishede We used this analog to treat two patients with end pancreatic fistulae refractory to conventional therapy. One patient had disruption of a pancreaticojejunostomy after pancreaticoduodenectomy and the other had acute necrotizing gallstone pancreatitis and disruption of the pancreatic duct in the tail. SMS 201-995 (100-150 μg/d) abruptly decreased fistula output by 50% in both patients but further increases in dosage had no further effect on output. Neither fistula healed after 3–4 wk of therapy. Treatment with somatostatin or its analogs alone will not lead to closure of a pancreatic fistula complicated by factors such as distal obstruction, infection, or foreign body. Somatostatin may promote closure of lateral fistulae and may simplify the management of patients with high output fistulae.
IRI measurement using dynamic tire pressure sensor with an axle accelerometer

This paper develops a new method to estimate IRI using a dynamic tire pressure sensor (DTPS) inside the tire with an axle accelerometer. This method is based on a physical 2-D dynamic tire model. This paper verifies that speeds above 40 km/h (25 mph) are suitable for both highways and urban roads. Feasibility and repeatability tests were hereby conducted and reported on an airport runway through a certification test that was administered by the Massachusetts Department of Transportation (MassDOT), highways and urban roads. During testing, the accuracy of the new method was equivalent to IRI values measured using the laser profilometers and accelerometers. The newly developed method has the potential to be integrated into vehicle computer systems to form a network wide global health monitoring system of roadways to make the right repair, at the right time, in the right place.
Unbalanced Random Matching Markets: The Stark Effect of Competition

We study competition in matching markets with random heterogeneous preferences and an unequal number of agents on either side. First, we show that even the slightest imbalance yields an essentially unique stable matching. Second, we give a tight description of stable outcomes, showing that matching markets are extremely competitive. Each agent on the short side of the market is matched with one of his top choices, and each agent on the long side either is unmatched or does almost no better than being matched with a random partner. Our results suggest that any matching market is likely to have a small core, explaining why small cores are empirically ubiquitous.
Acute Calcineurin Inhibitor Nephrotoxicity Secondary to Turmeric Intake: A Case Report

Tacrolimus, also known as FK-506, is a potent immunosuppressant agent with a host of drug-drug and food-drug interactions. We present the first case of a probable food-drug interaction between the herb turmeric and tacrolimus leading to acute calcineurin inhibitor nephrotoxicity. A 56-year-old man with a history of orthotopic liver transplantation presented to the emergency department from the clinic with worsening edema in the setting of an elevated creatinine level of 4.2 mg/dL. Before the current presentation, the patient had been recently discharged on a previously tolerated low-dose regimen of tacrolimus with a whole-blood tacrolimus level within the desired range. Tacrolimus level on the day of re-hospitalization was elevated to 29.9 ng/mL in the absence of any changes to the patient's medication regimen. On further prompting, the patient identified recent high-dose intake of turmeric with his food. Tacrolimus was held from the patient's medication regimen, and he was discharged on hospital day 4 with objective evidence of improving renal function. Our report builds on the previous studies that described the effects of turmeric or its active ingredient on the pharmacokinetics of tacrolimus. The appropriate reconciliation of herbal agents such as turmeric can be worthwhile in patients with unexplained changes in tacrolimus levels.
Aerodynamic response of internal passages to pulsating inlet supersonic conditions

Abstract Supersonic flow passages benefit from high specific mass-flow rate, which can potentially be used in fluid machinery with the highest power density. Currently, the maximization of the propulsive efficiency, on forthcoming power plant systems, requires reduced engine cores, while for distributed local-power plant units, small gas turbine engines are ideal. Hence, ultra-compact fluid machinery is an enabling technology for future propulsion and power generation applications. In this context, the use of supersonic flow within internal passages allows the downsizing of the turbomachinery. However, the efficient operation of supersonic internal passages is a challenge due to shock losses and a constrained operability. Therefore, fully supersonic internal passages are typically discarded, and their unsteady operation scarcely documented. This paper presents a detailed characterization of the unsteadiness experienced across internal flow passages exposed to pulsating supersonic conditions. The analysis was performed in a wide range of excitation frequencies. To generalize the results the fluctuations are expressed in terms of a non-dimensional reduced frequency, i.e. ratio of excitation period to the propagation wave time. This aerodynamic characterization was performed with three-dimensional unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier Stokes simulations, revealing a hysteresis like behavior and amplitude modulation between the inlet and the outlet distinct from the steady prediction. The paper provides a numerical approach, based on a one-dimensional Euler solver that can predict the unsteady response of internal passages to the inlet varying conditions.
For assessment of changes in intraoperative red blood cell transfusion practices over time, the pooled incidence of transfusion correlates highly with total units transfused

Abstract Study objective Multiple studies nationwide and at single hospitals have examined changes over time in the incidence of perioperative red blood cell (RBC) transfusion. However, the cost of RBC transfusions is related to the number of RBC units transfused, not to the incidence. We evaluate whether the readily available incidence of RBC transfusion can be used as a valid surrogate measure. Design Observational retrospective study. Setting One tertiary, academic hospital. Patients 394,789 cases of 1885 procedures over N =42 quarters of the year. Interventions None. Measurement Incidence and number of RBC units transfused intraoperatively. Main results The number of RBC units transfused per case did not follow a Poisson distribution, confirming that the number of units and incidence of transfusion are not interchangeable for analyzing decisions by case. However, with all cases of each quarter combined, the Spearman correlation was 0.98±0.01 between each quarter's incidence of RBC transfusion and mean RBC units transfused per case ( P Conclusions For assessment of changes in intraoperative RBC transfusion practices over years, it is sufficient to analyze the pooled incidence of transfusion, rather than to calculate the number of units transfused.
Evaluating Market Reactions to Non-Practicing Entity Litigation

An ongoing debate in patent law involves the role that “non-practicing entities,” sometimes called “patent trolls” serve in the patent system. Some argue that they serve as valuable market intermediaries and other argue that they are a drain on innovation and an impediment to a well-functioning patent system. In this article, we add to the data available in this debate by conducting an event study that analyzes the market reaction to patent litigation filed by large, “mass-aggregator” NPE entities against large publicly traded companies. This study advances the literature by attempting to reproduce the results of previous event studies done in this area on newer market data and also by subjecting the event study results to more rigorous statistical analysis. In contrast to a previous event study, in our study we found that the market reacted little, if at all, to the patent litigation filed by large NPEs.
Group III Phosphates as Two-Dimensional van der Waals Materials

The ability of group III phosphates to adopt a two-dimensional van der Waals (2D VDW) structure observed for SiO2 was evaluated using density functional theory. The energies to form 2D hexagonal bilayers of corner-sharing tetrahedra did not follow a monotonic trend: the energies for AlPO4 and GaPO4 were similar to silica, while for BPO4 it was more than a factor of 2 larger and for InPO4 nearly another factor of 2 larger. The larger In atom favors octahedral coordination, accounting for the high energy of the 2D InPO4 structure. Meanwhile, boron’s small size leads to a different favored bulk structure than AlPO4 or GaPO4 which competes much more successfully with the 2D phase. The implication is a sweet spot in the cation size for forming 2D tetrahedral oxides that spans Si to Ga. The 2D BPO4 and GaPO4 structures displayed alternating rotations of the B(Ga)O4 and PO4 tetrahedra which allowed the B(Ga)–O–P bond angles to match those seen in the favored bulk compounds; no such rotations were required for 2D...
Enabling precision medicine with CancerKB and KBCommons informatics framework

Precision Medicine is one of the most rapidly evolving areas within medicine, which allows utilization of patient's own genomic information in guiding personalized treatments and customized therapy. Applying the public data obtained from human genomic and cancer cell line studies in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases is a challenging task as these data are spread across different repositories with diverse formats and omics data types. There is an immediate need for platforms to make this integration and analysis seamless and readily accessible to researchers and clinicians. To achieve this, we have implemented Cancer Cell Line KB, a branch of the KBCommons for homoSapiens which focuses on automatically establishing a web-based resource for comprehensive multi-omics data access using our in-house developed KBCommons framework. It currently provides data for human genes / proteins, miRNA, and publicly available information for 1046 cancer cell lines and drug response datasets. Additionally, gene expression and de-identified clinical data from The Cancer Genome Atlas has also been added which includes 7706 patient samples for 20 cancer types, and 23368 genes expression as FPKM and FeatureCounts. Users can view these datasets using various analytical and graphical visualization tools in Cancer Cell Line KB and search by genes or cancer cell lines. We have also developed Principal Component Analysis (PCA) tool and patient clinical data browser to provide access to patient's genomic tests information and gene expression. In the future, heatmap will be developed to analysis the microarray gene expression data with hierarchical clustering method and more de-identified clinical data from cBioportal can be imported through WEB-API. We also plan to implement a tool to show how the patient's own genomic tests information compares with the population based datasets for that disease traits.
Large Cohort Data Based Group or Community Disease Prevention Design Strategy: Strong Heart Study

Background and Objective: A multitude of large cohort studies have data on incidence rates and predictors of various chronic diseases. However, approaches for utilization of these costly collected data and translation of these valuable results to inform and guide clinical disease prevention practice are not well developed. In this paper we proposed a novel conceptual group/community disease prevention design strategy based on large cohort study data. Methods and Results: The data from participants (n = 3516; 2056 women) aged 45 to 74 years and the diabetes risk prediction model from Strong Heart Study were used. The Strong Heart Study is a population-based cohort study of cardiovascular disease and its risk factors in American Indians. A conceptual group/community disease prevention design strategy based on large cohort data was initiated. The application of the proposed strategy for group diabetes prevention was illustrated. Discussion: The strategy may provide reasonable solutions to the prevention design issues. These issues include complex associations of a disease with its combined and correlated risk factors, individual differences, choosing intervention risk factors and setting their appropriate, attainable, gradual and adaptive goal levels for different subgroups, and assessing effectiveness of the prevention program. Conclusions: The strategy and methods shown in the illustration example can be analogously adopted and applied for other diseases preventions. The proposed strategy for a target group/community in a population provides a way to translate and apply epidemiological study results to clinical disease prevention practice.
The normal infant and his trivial complaints

The most important part of the routine examination is the doctor’s deliberate overall scrutiny of the fully-undressed baby. The full normal range of external appearances presents an infinite variety as a challenge to clinical alertness. A sound knowledge of the normal features is the safe foundation for effective day-to-day care of the average newborn; the doctor’s confident enjoyment is immediately communicated to all involved. Attention is directed to the postural and compressional effects of prenatal and intrapartum influences, to the skin and its appendages, the mouth, sexual characteristics, and the navel together with the cord.
Introduction to the Quantitative Assessment of Geological Hazards

Commercial oil and gas accumulations form in specific geological settings. Commonly those geological conditions are associated with different sorts of geological hazards. In addition, exploration and production equipment is very expensive. An ever-increasing percentage of oil reserves are concentrated offshore, which requires construction of special deep-water platforms, vessels, pipelines, etc. At the same time damage to such facilities can result in losing expensive construction, and may also lead to massive spillage of oil into the sea water or onto land. And then remediation costs can be much higher than all operational expenses and capital costs. The evacuation of personnel from platforms also takes a longer time than for onshore rigs where people can move themselves, using vehicles, or simply run away. Therefore, all oil companies pay much attention to the hazard aspects of the areas of future work and, before any kind of activity, they start with sea bed monitoring, shallow seismic and acquisition studies in order to estimate probable hazard activities and the most hazardous zones in their license areas. However, as a rule those investigations show “static” conditions of hazards in the area: microseismicity, positions of mud diapirs, gas pockets, hydrate layers, gryphons, etc. It is of great importance to provide “dynamic” estimates of how often a phenomenon can occur, how strong it can be, and how far its influence can extend in a most likely worst case.
Vimprint: Exploring Alternative Learning through Low-End Mobiles

The Internet today provides a plethora of applications to assist anyone wanting to learn a new subject, language or a concept. Resources available include dictionaries, translation engines, downloadable e-books, tutorials, online courses etc. The rapid proliferation of smart phones has further provided richer visual applications that assist the user in learning on the go. However, all these applications are dependent upon the availability of Internet and/or an expensive computing device such as a smartphone or a computer. This puts them out of reach for a large section of society that consists of underprivileged people (economically or literacy-wise) and who probably need such tools the most. Also, many learning applications are pull-based and depend on the user’s motivation to keep coming back for more. We present Vimprint - a system that offers an alternative mode of learning through telephony voice applications over any touchtone phone with a push-based interaction module. We present its design in the context of vocabulary building. Application of Vimprint system in the field is a work-in-progress and we present the results of a preliminary study conducted to assess its effectiveness.
Optically Confined Bose–Einstein Condensates

With an optical dipole trap it is possible to confine Bose–Einstein condensates in different hyperfine states and in arbitrary magnetic bias fields, thus overcoming two major limitations of magnetic traps. In this review paper we characterize the properties of such a dipole trap and we summarize experiments which made use of the new experimental possibilities, including the reversible formation of a Bose–Einstein condensate, the observation of Feshbach resonances in sodium and the ground state properties of spinor Bose-Einstein condensates. Finally, we present some new results on the shape of magnetically trapped and ballistically expanding condensates.
AFGHAN CARAVAN TRADE AND IMPERIALISM IN INDIA

espanolA menudo se supone que Afganistan ha sido historicamente un "cementerio de imperios" y se presenta en los manuales como ejemplo de “sistemas estatales fracasados”. Los afganos, sin embargo, deberian ser considerados los mas importantes constructores de imperios de Asia del sur en los siglos XV y XVI. En este estudio se muestra que en el sur de Asia, la infraestructura fisica de caravaneros y caminos creados por las caravanas nomadas de mercaderes afganos conocidos como powindas fue fundamental para el desarrollo de los imperios Indo-Afganos (1451-1556), asi como para el imperio de Mughal (1526-1857), y finalmente el Raj britanico de los siglos XIX y XX. EnglishIt is often supposed that Afghanistan has historically been the 'graveyard of empires’. 'It is today's textbook example of a 'failed state.' Afghans, however, should be considered among the most important empire builders of Asia in the 15th and 16th centuries. In this paper it is shown that in South Asia, the physical infrastructure of caravanserais and roads created by Afghan nomadic caravan traders known as powindas was fundamental to the development of the empires of the Indo-Afghans (1451-1556), as well as to the Mughal empire (1526-1857), and ultimately the British Raj of the 19th and 20th centuries.
Updates in Minimally Invasive Approaches to Apical Pelvic Organ Prolapse Repair

The purpose of this article is to review and comment on the recent medical evidence regarding minimally invasive procedures for apical pelvic organ prolapse repair. Sacrocolpopexy remains the “gold standard” repair for apical prolapse for those who desire to maintain sexual function, and minimally invasive approaches offer equal efficacy with lower risk than open sacrocolpopexy. Similar to the impact on hysterectomy rates, the introduction of robotic technology has converted a large number of open abdominal sacrocolpopexy procedures to a minimally invasive approach in the USA. Newer surgical approaches such as nerve-sparing techniques of dissection at the sacral promontory, use of the iliopectineal ligaments, and natural orifice vaginal sacrocolpopexy offer potential improvements for apical repair. Whether using traditional laparoscopy or robotic assistance, prolapse recurrence is consistently noted in at least 10% of patients. Recent evidence has confirmed that ancillary factors including pre-operative prolapse stage, retention of the cervix and/or uterus, type of mesh implant, and genital hiatus size all adversely affect surgical efficacy. Minimally invasive apical repair procedures seem well suited to early recovery after surgery protocols. While overall complication rates are low, small bowel injury is higher with any abdominal approach and aggressive evaluation of women not meeting routine post-operative goals is advised. Minimally invasive sacrocolpopexy has achieved similar outcomes to the traditional abdominal route and should be considered the new “gold standard” in apical prolapse repair. Alterations in surgical techniques can reduce the risk of constipation.
Current Challenges in Diagnosis and Assessment of the Response of Locally Advanced and Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma

Locally advanced and metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) present a specific set of challenges to the radiologist. The detection of metastatic disease is confounded by the ability of RCC to metastasize to virtually any part of the human body long after surgical resection of the primary tumor. This includes sites not commonly included in routine surveillance, which come to light after the patient becomes symptomatic. In the assessment of treatment response, the phenomenon of tumor heterogeneity, where clone selection through systemic therapy drives the growth of potentially more aggressive phenotypes, can result in oligoprogression despite overall disease control. Finally, advances in therapy have resulted in the development of immuno-oncologic agents that may result in changes that are not adequately evaluated with conventional size-based response criteria and may even be misinterpreted as progression. This article reviews the common challenges a radiologist may encounter in the evaluation of patients with locally advanced and metastatic RCC. ©RSNA, 2019.
Managing anxiety during arteriovenous fistula or arteriovenous graft needling

Vascular access is crucial for haemodialysis, but cannulation of an arteriovenous fistula can be anxiety-provoking for patients, particularly children and young people. This article outlines the ma...
Accelerating Motor Skill Acquisition for Bicycle Riding in Children with ASD: A Pilot Study.

Motor impairment is common in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and, as such, a potential target for interventions to improve adaptive functioning. This study investigated motor skill acquisition in children with ASD (n = 15, 12 males; ages 7–16 years) during iCan Bike Camp, a 1-week, community-based intervention (5 × 75-min sessions) to teach independent bicycle riding. After completing the camp’s task-oriented, individualized training program, all participants demonstrated motor skill acquisition on the bicycle, and nine participants rode independently at least 70 feet. Exploratory analyses showed that motor coordination and social communication correlated with rates of skill acquisition. These findings indicate the feasibility and efficacy of brief, community-based motor interventions to teach bicycle riding—an important developmental skill supporting adaptive functioning—to children with ASD.
Merging Sustainability and Technology: Building an Urban Indoor Farm

A vast majority of degrees in Information Technology are somewhat insular, and students are often not exposed to other domains that may benefit from concepts such as automation. During the Spring 2019 semester we created a joint course where IT students worked alongside Environmental Sustainability majors in creating an urban indoor farm. The results were encouraging and support future interdisciplinary collaborations.
Internet of Things in Sustainable Energy Systems

Our planet has abundant renewable and conventional energy resources but technological capability and capacity gaps coupled with water-energy needs limit the benefits of these resources to citizens. Through IoT technology solutions and state-of-the-art IoT sensing and communications approaches, the sustainable energy-related research and innovation can bring a revolution in this area. Moreover, by the leveraging current infrastructure, including renewable energy technologies, microgrids, and power-to-gas (P2G) hydrogen systems, the Internet of Things in sustainable energy systems can address challenges in energy security to the community, with a minimal trade-off to environment and culture. In this chapter, the IoT in sustainable energy systems approaches, methodologies, scenarios, and tools is presented with a detailed discussion of different sensing and communications techniques. This IoT approach in energy systems is envisioned to enhance the bidirectional interchange of network services in grid by using Internet of Things in grid that will result in enhanced system resilience, reliable data flow, and connectivity optimization. Moreover, the sustainable energy IoT research challenges and innovation opportunities are also discussed to address the complex energy needs of our community and promote a strong energy sector economy.
County-Level Prescribing Rates: Aggregated and Disaggregated

The current chapter relies on California data from the PBSS from 2012 and 2017 to detail California’s opioid, stimulant, and benzodiazepine prescribing rates in general, over time, and disaggregated by demographic sub-groups and prescription type. The results show that opioids are prescribed at a higher rate than the other two drug classes. Even so, opioid and benzodiazepine prescribing rates have generally declined for the majority of California’s 58 counties in contrast to stimulant prescribing rates, which have increased from 2012 to 2017. Analytical stratification of this trend reveals important differences by sex, age group, and type of substance. Specifically, females (compared to males) receive prescriptions at a higher rate for all three drug classes, opioids and benzodiazepines were more likely to be prescribed to older patients than stimulants, and prescribing rates and trends vary substantially depending on drug class. While the trends do suggest some declines in opioid prescribing behavior in California, areas for progress still remain.
Optimal conditions and sufficient statistics for controlled jump processes

A number of different optimality conditions [i] [3] [4] [9] have been given for partially observed jump processes. In this paper we show how the concept of sufficient statistics can be used to give the relationship between these optimality conditions for the case of a partially observed jump Markov process. An understanding of the relationship between these conditions gives insight into the question of which conditions should be used in computing optimal controls and can also he a guide in setting up numerical algorithms. These results have been discussed from a slightly different point of view in [6]. The purpose of this paper is to show the role of sufficient statistics in obtaining the correspondence between the optimality conditions.
The Logo Life Cycle: An Abstract

Logos are an integral part of a firm’s corporate identity and serve as the visual “face” of a firm. Because of their importance, virtually all firms have a logo, and logos have received extensive attention from researchers in marketing and related disciplines (e.g., Management, Graphic Design, Psychology, and Art). Logo-related research has examined such topics as logo selection and modification (Henderson and Cote 1993), the influence of logo design on logo visual processing fluency (Janiszewski and Meyvis 2001), and which of the many components utilized in logo design are most likely to increase brand strength (Henderson et al. 2003). Although extant research has provided important and essential insight into logo design, the approaches taken have utilized individual logos at a single point in time. An unfortunate consequence of this “snapshot in time” approach is that it does not provide insight into perhaps the most common problems managers face, which is the modification of their firms’ logos over time (e.g., how frequently should logos be updated, and to what degree redesigned logos should be similar/different to firms’ previous logos). This research addresses this shortcoming by examining logo life cycles. We first identify industries with firms that have had a significant number of logo changes over multiple decades (e.g., automotive, airline, and Major League Baseball). We begin with descriptive research identifying basic logo life cycle metrics (how long are logos utilized before they are changed, industry averages for logo change, etc.). We then evaluate the degree of logos’ perceptual fluency and conceptual fluency change over the logo life cycle, and the effect fluency has on the amount of time logos are utilized by a firm (“logo life”). We accomplish this by identifying the degree of change in the logos’ perceptual fluency of alpha-numeric and image design elements (e.g., if a design element in a logo is made larger or more clear, it increases the perceptual fluency of the element), and by identifying the degree of change in the conceptual fluency of the alphanumeric, image, and color design elements of logos. The managerial implications and the limitations of the research are then addressed, followed by suggestions for future research.
Anticancer Therapy-Related Increases in Arterial Stiffness: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background Cardio-oncology is a clinical discipline focused primarily on the early detection of anticancer therapy-related cardiomyopathy. However, there is growing evidence that the direct adverse consequences extend beyond the myocardium to affect the vasculature, but this evidence remains limited. In addition, there remains a paucity of clinically based strategies for monitoring vascular toxicity in these patients. Importantly, arterial stiffness is increasingly recognized as a surrogate end point for cardiovascular disease and may be an important vascular outcome to consider. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to summarize evidence of increased arterial stiffening with anticancer therapy and evaluate the effect of treatment modifiers. Methods and Results A total of 19 longitudinal and cross-sectional studies that evaluated arterial stiffness both during and following anticancer therapy were identified using multiple databases. Two separate analyses were performed: baseline to follow-up (12 studies) and control versus patient groups (10 studies). Subgroup analysis evaluated whether stiffness differed as a function of treatment type and follow-up time. Standard mean differences and mean differences were calculated using random effect models. Significant increases in arterial stiffness were identified from baseline to follow-up (standard mean difference, 0.890; 95% CI, 0.448-1.332; P<0.0001; mean difference, 1.505; 95% CI, 0.789-2.221; P≤0.0001) and in patient versus control groups (standard mean difference, 0.860; 95% CI, 0.402-1.318; P=0.0002; mean difference, 1.437; 95% CI, 0.426-2.448; P=0.0052). Subgroup analysis indicated differences in arterial stiffness between anthracycline-based and non-anthracycline-based therapies (standard mean difference, 0.20; 95% CI, 0.001-0.41; P=0.048), but not follow-up time. Conclusions Significant arterial stiffening occurs following anticancer therapy. Our findings support the use of arterial stiffness as part of a targeted vascular imaging strategy for the identification of early cardiovascular injury during treatment and for the detection of long-term cardiovascular injury into survivorship.
Bis[(1,4,7,10,13,16‐hexa­oxacyclo­octa­decane)­potassium] carbonyl­tricyano­rhodate(I) acetonitrile solvate

In the title complex, [K(C12H24)]2[Rh(CN)3(CO)]·C2H3N, the Rh atom is coordinated by three cyanide ligands and one carbonyl ligand in a square-planar geometry. The K atom in each cation is coordinated by six O atoms from the crown ether and one N atom from a cyanide ligand.
The Interpersonal Context of Memory Complaints

This mixed-methods study was designed to investigate the interpersonal experience of having memory problems using a community-dwelling sample of 94 adults over the age of 50 (M age = 72.35, SD = 10.51). Participants were asked a series of open-ended questions about their reactions to memory problems and completed questionnaires about memory, personality, and health. Qualitative findings suggest a few clear patterns of response (e.g., admitting the problem, ignoring the problem) to memory failures. In addition, endorsing avoidance of talking to certain people was related to worry and memory anxiety. Correlations showed subjective memory related to conscientiousness, neuroticism, depression, and worry which replicates previous studies about memory complaints. This study adds to the subjective memory literature by enhancing what we know about what people do when they are confronted with a memory challenge as well as to whom they will or will not speak about their complaints.
Outcomes of patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma with sarcomatoid dedifferentiation to immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Abstract Introduction Metastatic renal cell carcinoma with sarcomatoid dedifferentiation (sRCC) is associated with poor survival outcomes. We aimed to analyze the efficacy and safety of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) in patients with sRCC comparing clear-cell (sccRCC) to non-clear cell epithelial histology (snccRCC). Methods We performed retrospective analysis of sRCC patients who received ICI at MD Anderson Cancer Center (n = 48, 41 with ccRCC and 7 with nccRCC) to determine the overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and objective response rate (ORR). Additionally, we performed a prespecified multivariable Cox regression comparing survival outcomes between sccRCC and snccRCC. Results The ORR for the entire cohort was 35.4% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 23.4%, 49.6%), including 8 (16.7%) patients (95% CI: 8.7%, 29.6%) who achieved a complete remission. The disease control rate was 52% (95% CI: 38.3%, 65.5%). In patients with sccRCC, the ORR was 39% (95% CI: 25.7%, 54.3%) and disease control rate 58.5% (43.4%, 72.2%). Among 7 snccRCC patients, only one (14.3%) achieved an objective partial response. At a median follow-up of 51.1 months, the median PFS was 4.9 months (95% CI: 2.7, 16.3) and the median OS was 28.4 months (95% CI: 15.8, NA) for the entire cohort. For patients with sccRCC, the median PFS was 8.9 months, with median OS of 30.1 months, compared with median PFS of 2.3 months (HR 0.25 [95% CI: 0.08, 0.78]; P= 0.0145) and median OS of 6.7 months (HR 0.13 [95% CI 0.04, 0.44]; P=0.0009) for patients with snccRCC. Conclusion ICIs appear to be effective in sccRCC while the treatment of snccRCC remains challenging.
Intensity of grass invasion negatively correlated with population density and age structure of an endangered dune plant across its range

Invasive species are a global threat to ecosystem biodiversity and function; non-native grass invasion has been particularly problematic in sparsely vegetated ecosystems such as open dunes. Native plant population responses to invasion, however, are infrequently translated to landscape scales, limiting the effectiveness of these data for addressing conservation issues. We quantified population density, total population size, and age class distribution of the federally-endangered plant species Antioch Dunes evening primrose (Oenothera deltoides subsp. howellii), at sites along a non-native grass invasion gradient in California, USA. We then scaled relationships between invasion and plant density across the species’ range using spatial models and remote sensing data. Adult and juvenile O. deltoides subsp. howellii densities were more than 10 times higher in non-invaded areas (grids with 10% total plant cover) when compared to highly-invaded areas (grids with 80% total plant cover). The ratio of O. deltoides subsp. howellii juveniles to adults decreased to less than 1 at 54% total cover, highlighting sensitivity of the regeneration niche to invasion. Spatial models mapped hotspots of O. deltoides subsp. howellii abundance and population structure across the landscape at sub-meter scales. Scaling the impacts of increasing invasion on plant species of conservation concern holds promise when coupled with remote sensing approaches, especially in naturally low-cover ecosystems where readily available metrics (e.g., Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) can be used to quantify invasion. These spatial models inform how future invasive species management may influence population size and spatial distribution of species of conservation concern.
Universal Scalings in Two-Dimensional Anisotropic Dipolar Excitonic Systems.

Low-dimensional excitonic materials have inspired much interest owing to their novel physical and technological prospects. In particular, those with strong in-plane anisotropy are among the most intriguing but short of general analyses. We establish the universal functional form of the anisotropic dispersion in the small $k$ limit for 2D dipolar excitonic systems. While the energy is linearly dispersed in the direction parallel to the dipole in plane, the perpendicular direction is dispersionless up to linear order, which can be explained by the quantum interference effect of the interaction among the constituents of 1D subsystems. The anisotropic dispersion results in a ${E}^{\ensuremath{\sim}0.5}$ scaling of the system density of states and predicts unique spectroscopic signatures including: (1) disorder-induced absorption linewidth, $W(\ensuremath{\sigma})\ensuremath{\sim}{\ensuremath{\sigma}}^{2.8}$, with $\ensuremath{\sigma}$ the disorder strength, (2) temperature dependent absorption linewidth, $W(T)\ensuremath{\sim}{T}^{s+1.5}$, with $s$ the exponent of the environment spectral density, and (3) the out-of-plane angular $\ensuremath{\theta}$ dependence of the peak splittings in absorption spectra, $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}E(\ensuremath{\theta})\ensuremath{\propto}{\mathrm{sin}}^{2}\ensuremath{\theta}$. These predictions are confirmed quantitatively with numerical simulations of molecular thin films and tubules.
Effects of Goals on Wellbeing

I discuss in this chapter the effects of goals on happiness, subjective wellbeing and positive mental health. The focus is on a variety of ways that people set their goals biased by goal valence (i.e., they set life goals that are high in positive valence). Goals with high positive valence can be set using meaningful goals, abstract goals, motivational goals, approach goals, goals associated with deprived needs, autonomous goals, and goals related to flow. They set goals that are likely to be met (high goal expectancy). They do so by choosing adaptable goals, goals that are congruent with cultural norms and personal motives and resources, goals that are realistic, and goals involving little or no role conflict. Also, they plan strategies and tactics that they execute to achieve their life goals. This is done by committing to goal attainment and persist goal pursuit in light of failure. Concrete thinking also plays an important role in goal implementation. Goal attainment results in increased levels of wellbeing and positive mental health. Goal attainment occurs through recognition of attainment and perception of progress.
PIP2 and septin control STIM1/Orai1 assembly by regulating cytoskeletal remodeling via a CDC42-WASP/WAVE-ARP2/3 protein complex

Store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) is triggered by assembly of Orai1 with STIM proteins in ER-PM junctions. Plasma membrane PIP2 as well as PIP2-binding protein, SEPT4, significantly impact Orai1-STIM1 interaction. While septins and PIP2 can organize the actin cytoskeleton, it is unclear whether the status of actin within the junctions contributes to SOCE. We report herein that actin remodeling modulates STIM1 clustering. Our findings show that a PIP2- and SEPT4-dependent mechanism involving CDC42, WASP/WAVE, and ARP2 regulates actin remodeling into a ring-like structure around STIM1 puncta. CDC42 localization in the ER-plasma membrane region is enhanced following ER-Ca2+ store depletion. PIP2 depletion or knockdown of SEPT4 attenuate the recruitment of CDC42 to the ER-PM region. Importantly, knockdown of SEPT4, or CDC42+ARP2, disrupts the organization of actin as well as STIM1 clustering. Consequently, Orai1 recruitment to STIM1 puncta, SOCE, and NFAT translocation to the nucleus are all attenuated. Ca2+ influx induced by STIM1-C terminus is not affected by CDC42 knockdown. In aggregate, our findings reveal that PIP2 and SEPT4 affect Orai1/STIM1 clustering by coordinating actin remodeling within ER-PM junctions. This dynamic reorganization of actin has an important role in regulation of SOCE and downstream Ca2+-dependent effector functions.