cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Email Negotiation Simulation: AuraCall (Origin)

A telecommunication company’s customer service center requires negotiation training in order to improve their handling of internal conflict and conflict with angry customers. The center’s manager has reached out to an expert in online training course design, to negotiate the price and terms of providing such a course. The negotiation takes place via email. This document includes the simulation’s role information as well as a Teaching Guide detailing its setup conduct, and debriefing. A version of this simulation adapted for negotiation via videoconferencing can be found at https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3560558 This simulation is designated as AuraCall (Origin) to distinguish it from AuraCall, Inc., a different simulation which is referenced below. The two simulations can be used independently, but they are designed to work well when used sequentially. In the first, AuraCall (Origin), parties negotiate a deal for the design and provision of an online course. In the follow on, AuraCall, Inc., the original deal parties negotiated has gone sour. Displeased with each other’s performance, parties now have conflicting claims against each other; the purpose of this follow-on interaction is to negotiate a suitable dispute resolution process for the conflict between them. See Ebner, N. AuraCall, Inc.: Negotiating a Dispute Resolution Process Simulation. In R. Lewicki, D. Saunders, & B. Barry (eds.), Negotiation: Readings, exercises & cases (6th ed.) Burr Ridge, IL: McGraw-Hill/Irwin (2009). Available at https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2403173
Proctective effects of resveratrol on intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats

Objective To study the protective effects of resveratrol (RES) on intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats.Methods Twenty-four SD rats were randomly divided into the sham operation group,intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury (I/R) group and resveratrol treated (RES) group.The intestinal ischemia injury was induced by superior mesenteric artery occlusion for 45 minutes,and then the blood supply to the intestine was restored to cause reperfusion injury.After 6 hours' reperfusion,the rats were sacrificed and intestine was collected.Of the RES group,the rats were subjected to I/R injury,and treated with 20 mg/kg resveratrol by intravenous injection immediately after the mesenteric artery was clamped.Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) and Malonaldehyde (MDA) levels in serum and intestine were measured.Apoptotic intestinal epithelial cells were detected by TUNEL methods.The histological injury of the intestine was also examined.Results Compared with the sham operated rats,MDA levels in the serum and intestine as well as the apoptotic epithelial cells were significantly increased in the rats subjected to I/R (MDA in serum and intestine 4.63±0.53 vs 1.32±0.40;8.60± 0.98 vs 4.13±0.86,P＜0.01;apoptotic index 66.63 ± 1.71 vs 46.72 ± 1.50,P＜0.01 ).However,the SOD levels in the serum and intestine were decreased (49.21±4.38 vs 86.65±6.14;351.03 ± 21.46 vs 468.93 ± 16.21,P＜0.01).In the rats subjected to I/R injury but received resveratrol treatment,the epithelial cells apoptosis and MDA levels in serum and intestine were decreased,and SOD levels in serum and intestine increased (P＜0.05).Conclusions Resveratrol protects intestine from ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Key words: Resveratrol; Ischemia-reperfusion injury; Apoptosis; Superoxide dismutase
Multivariate time series analysis from a Bayesian machine learning perspective

In this paper, we perform multivariate time series analysis from a Bayesian machine learning perspective through the proposed multivariate Bayesian time series (MBTS) model. The multivariate structure and the Bayesian framework allow the model to take advantage of the association structure among target series, select important features, and train the data-driven model at the same time. Extensive analyses on both simulated data and empirical data indicate that the MBTS model is able to, cover the true values of regression coefficients in 90% credible intervals, select the most important predictors, and boost the prediction accuracy with higher correlation in absolute value of the target series, and consistently yield superior performance over the univariate Bayesian structural time series (BSTS) model, the autoregressive integrated moving average with regression (ARIMAX) model, and the multivariate ARIMAX (MARIMAX) model, in one-step-ahead forecast and ten-steps-ahead forecast.
Sustainable development news and stock market reaction: Evidence from the 2017 Newsweek Green Ranking release

We study the stock market reactions of the 500 largest U.S. firms that were included in 2017 Newsweek Green Ranking. The event study methodology is used to measure the 500 firms' stock market performances around the Newsweek “green score” release date. We find that in general stock market reacts negatively to sustainable development news release, while further investigation suggests that the negative abnormal returns seem to be driven mainly by the firms with green scores of zero. Our results suggest that the stock market is punishing the firms that devote little or no effort to their environmental policy to become socially responsible citizens.
The heat shock response in Tetrahymena thermophila: control of protein synthesis

Tetrahymena thermophila cells that had been shifted from log growth to a non-nutrient medium (60mM Tris) were unable, during the first few hours of starvation, to mount a successful heat shock response and were killed by what should normally have been a non—lethal heat shock. An examination of the protein synthetic response of these short-starved cells during heat shock revealed that whereas they were able to initiate the synthesis of heat shock proteins, it was at a much reduced rate relative to controls and they quickly lost all capacity to synthesize any proteins. Certain pretreatments of cells, including a prior heat shock, abolished the heat shock inviability of these starved cells. Also, if cells were transferred to 10 mM Tris rather than 60 mM Tris, they were not killed by the same heat treatment. We found no abnormalities in either heat shock or non-heat shock mRNA metabolism in starved cells unable to survive a sublethal heat shock when compared with the response of those cells which can survive such a treatment. However, selective rRNA degradation occurred in the non-surviving cells during the heat shock and this presumably accounted for their inviability. A
Is the COVID-19 Pandemic a High-Risk Period for College Student Alcohol Use? A Comparison of Three Spring Semesters.

BACKGROUND: There has been widespread concern that the COVID-19 pandemic may be a high-risk time for alcohol use among heavy drinking populations such as college students. Initial efforts to evaluate changes in college drinking have not yet accounted for typical drinking patterns within a semester. METHODS: To fill this gap, we evaluated how college student drinking patterns changed with the onset of restrictions related to the COVID-19 pandemic during spring 2020 relative to spring 2018 and 2019. Participants were 1,365 college students aged 19 and older, including 895 students who reported past-month alcohol use. Daily drinking data were extracted from an online Timeline Followback survey. RESULTS: Negative binomial hurdle models revealed that, with the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in spring 2020, college student drinkers did not increase their drinking frequency as was typical in late spring semester, and the number of drinks per occasion declined substantially (28% reduction), greater than the change observed from early to late spring 2018 (3% reduction) or spring 2019 (8% increase). This reduction in drinking quantity in spring 2020 was larger for college student drinkers who moved residences because of the pandemic (49% reduction) than students who did not move (21% reduction). Perceptions in pandemic-related changes in drinking also revealed that 83.5% of college student drinkers self-reported that their drinking stayed the same or decreased. CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest that, on average, college students drank less-not more-during the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic and highlight the importance of living situation in college student drinking behavior. More research is needed to assess alcohol use in other universities, as this information could be utilized in norms-based interventions to further reduce drinking in students who remain at risk.
Comparative Study of Dynamical Requirement Impacts on System Design of Notional Aircraft Dc and Ac Electric Power Systems

In future aircraft electric power systems (EPSs), the dc distribution is regarded as a promising substitution for conventional ac distribution because of the reduced weight. However, the assessment of weight reduction is usually obtained under the system static performance requirements. Dynamical requirements, including small-signal stability, normal load transient, and abnormal transient have not been fully considered. Therefore, this paper aims at bridging this gap by providing a design example under comprehensive system requirements to study the impacts of dynamical requirements on dc and ac, separately. It is seen that if only static requirements are considered, dc EPS is lighter than ac mainly due to the lighter feeders. But if dynamical requirements are factored in, the notional dc EPS will need additional energy storage systems (ESS) and protection devices because it lacks energy storage capability and has faster fault current dynamics intrinsically, comparing with the notional ac EPS.
Inhibition of Glucocorticoid Receptor Conversion to the DNA-Binding State and Inhibition of Subunit Dissociation

When steroid-bound glucocorticoid receptors present in cell-free lysates are exposed either to elevated temperatures or to increased ionic strength, they are transformed from a state that does not bind to DNA to one that does bind to DNA (1). This transformation event is accompanied by a shift in the size of the receptor from an oligomer of approximately 320,000 Da to a monomer of approximately 100,000 Da (2–4). Numerous proposals have been made to explain the oligomeric nature of the untransformed glucocorticoid receptor (see Ref. 1 for review). Among these, is the idea that the receptor oligomer is a tetramer of identical steroid-binding subunits (1). We now know, however, that the untransformed glucocorticoid receptor in mouse L-cell cytosol is a heteromer which contains a 100-kDa steroid-binding phosphoprotein and a 90-kDa non-steroid-binding phosphoprotein (5). In addition, we have used immunological techniques to show that the non-steroid-binding subunit of the L-cell receptor complex is the murine 90-kDa heat shock protein (6). These results are in agreement with those recently reported for the progesterone receptor complex in chick oviduct cytosol. The affinity purified untransformed progesterone receptor complex contains a 90-kDa phosphoprotein which does not bind progestin (7,8).
FURTHER EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF PLASMA SHEATH EFFECTS ON ANTENNAS

The plasma sheath simulation technique developed earlier has been used to investigate the effects of various types of sheath discontinuities and inhomogeneities on a slot-antenna radiation pattern and input impedance. The results are especially applicable to re-entry environments. In the case of semi-infinite and finite-extent homogeneous plasma sheaths, the radiation pattern and the impedance characteristic are investigated with regard to the geometry of the discontinuity and its proximity to the slot antenna. It is found that the radiation pattern is unaffected by the discontinuity as long as the ratio of the distance between the source and discontinuity to the sheath thickness is of the order of 20 or greater. When the sheath is made finite in extent, with a discontinuity on each side of the slot, the resulting pattern is seen to be a superposition of the effects of each discontinuity acting separately. Investigation of the input impedance of the slot shows essentially no variation with discontinuity separation for separation-to-thickness ratios of at least 4. For smaller separatiOns, the impedance exhibits significant variations, strongly dependent on the geometry of the discontinuity. The effects produced by inhomogeneities are found to be similar to those of a homogeneous sheath with a certain equivalent dielectric constant. For both the homogeneous and inhomogeneous sheaths, favorable comparisons with the available theory is obtained.
A Functional Crossover Operator for Genetic Programming

Practitioners of evolutionary algorithms in general, and of genetic programming in particular, have long sought to develop variation operators that automatically preserve and combine useful genetic substructure. This is often pursued with crossover operators that swap genetic material between genotypes that have survived the selection process. However in genetic programming, crossover often has a large phenotypic effect, thereby drastically reducing the probability of a beneficial crossover event. In this paper we introduce a new crossover operator, Functional crossover (FXO), which swaps subtrees between parents based on the subtrees’ functional rather than structural similarity. FXO is employed in a genetic programming system identification task, where it is shown that FXO often outperforms standard crossover on both simulated and physically-generated data sets.
A new form of feedback at the GABA(A) receptor.

GABA is inhibitory in adults, but it is excitatory in young animals. A recent study shows that activation of the GABAA receptor itself may promote this developmental switch.
Identification of a novel SNAP25 interacting protein (SIP30).

Soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors (SNAREs), including synaptosome-associated proteins of 25 kDa (SNAP25), syntaxins, and vesicle-associated membrane proteins (VAMP), are essential for regulated exocytosis of synaptic vesicles in neurotransmission. We identified a cDNA coding for a novel protein of 266 amino acids that we have named SIP30 (SNAP25 interacting protein of 30 kDa). SIP30 is expressed abundantly in brain and slightly in testis and kidney. In brain, SIP30 is highly expressed in the inferior and superior colliculi, which contain important relay nuclei of the auditory and visual systems. GST–pull-down and immunoprecipitation assays showed direct binding of SIP30 to SNAP25. Although SIP30 does not directly interact with syntaxin based on pull-down assays, syntaxin does co-immunoprecipitate with SIP30 suggesting that syntaxin is indirectly associated with SIP30, perhaps through SNAP25.
Intranet Usage and Potential in Acute Care Hospitals in the United States: Survey-2000

This paper provides the results of the Survey-2000 measuring Intranet and its potential in health care. The survey measured the levels of Internet and Intranet existence and usage in acute care hospitals. Business-to-business electronic commerce and electronic commerce for customers were measured. Since the Intranet was not studied in survey-1997, no comparisons could be made. Therefore the results were presented and discussed. The Intranet data were compared with the Internet data and statistically significant differences were presented and analyzed. This information will assist hospitals to plan Internet and Intranet technology. This is the third of three articles based upon the results of the Survey-2000. Readers are referred to prior articles by the author, which discusses the survey design and provides a tutorial on technology transfer in acute care hospitals.(1) The first article based upon the survey results discusses technology transfer, system design approaches, user involvement, and decision-making purposes.(2) The second article based upon the survey results discusses distribution of Internet usage and rating of Internet usage applied to specific applications. Homepages, advertising, and electronic commerce are discussed from an Internet perspective.
Kant on Spatial Orientation

Abstract: This paper develops a novel interpretation of Kant's argument from incongruent counterparts to the effect that the representations of space and time are intuitions rather than concepts. When properly understood, the argument anticipates the contemporary position whereby the meaning of indexicals cannot be captured by descriptive contents.
Potassium (Diphenylphosphino)‐1,3‐pentadien‐1‐yl‐5‐ylidene Borate

[178327-14-5] C17H15BPK (MW 300.18) InChI = 1S/C17H15BP.K/c1-4-10-16(11-5-1)19(17-12-6-2-7-13-17)18-14-8-3-9-15-18;/h1-15H;/q-1;+1 InChIKey = VYPRAJNQSGEMCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N (triphenylphosphine analog1) Physical Data: white crystalline solid. Solubility: not available. Preparative Methods: 1-diphenylphosphinoboratabenzene is prepared by adding a 0.5 M solution of potassium diphenylphosphide in THF to borabenzene-trimethylphosphine at 20°C.2, 3 Purification: recrystallized from THF at (−35°C). Handling, Storage, and Precautions: air sensitive; all reactions are run in oven dried glassware under either an atmosphere of argon using Schlenk techniques or under an atmosphere of nitrogen inside a dry box.
Closed-loop automatic feedback control in electron beam melting

An infrared (IR) camera has been installed in an additive manufacturing Arcam A2 electron beam melting (EBM) system for improved layer-by-layer monitoring and feedback control of the EBM build process. Previous research demonstrated that temperature variations present during an EBM build (e.g., part/powder bed temperature elevates as build height increases) produce microstructural differences leading to variations in mechanical properties. Currently, the EBM system allows for process parameter modification (beam current, beam speed, beam focus, heating time) during fabrication. Modification of processing parameters can help achieve full spatial and temporal control of temperature that could lead to controlled microstructural architectures in EBM-fabricated parts. Furthermore, an automatic feedback control loop can help produce desired mechanical properties with limited user intervention. In this research, an automatic feedback control system was developed to acquire data used to create a temperature matrix of the part/powder bed surface, record information from each layer, and use the recorded information as an input to a software interface. Upon analysis of input data, the software interface communicated with Arcam’s EBM interface to change necessary parameters automatically on-demand. Results show successful manipulation of grain size in Ti-6Al-4V microstructure that ultimately can lead to three-dimensional control of microstructural architectures.
Nonstoichiometry, Structure, and Electrical Properties of “SrPrO3”

The single-phase composition with the perovskite structure type in the Sr−Pr−O system has been identified as (Sr₀.₉₃₅Pr₀.₀₄₃□₀.₀₂₂)Pr₁.₀O₃ from neutron diffraction refinements, chemical analysis, and thermogravimetric analysis. The cation deficient oxide crystallizes in a GdFeO3-type orthorhombic structure, space group Pbnm, with lattice parameters a = 5.988 00(17), b = 6.121 36(17), c = 8.548 58(24) A, and Z = 4 at 300 K. Thermogravimetric analysis confirms that the compound is not oxygen deficient. (Sr₀.₉₃₅Pr₀.₀₄₃)Pr₁.₀O₃ exhibits semiconducting behavior. The bulk (grain interior) conductivity at 36 °C is 5.2 × 10⁻⁵ S cm⁻¹ with an activation energy for charge transport of 0.26 eV.
The Efficacy of State-Level Antismoking Laws: Demand and Supply Considerations

Utilizing published ratings of state-level antismoking laws, this paper addresses the merits of limits to smoking in public places and restrictions on youth access to tobacco. Consistent with the literature, we find that clean indoor-air laws reduce demand. However, by failing to address supply considerations, the literature to date presents a biased reaction of consumption to antismoking laws. Indeed, we find that clean indoor-air laws also intensify competition, which suggests that producers mitigate demand reductions by lowering price. Nonetheless, restrictions to youth access, as well as enforcement and penalty efforts, have little impact on cigarette consumption across states.
Defining Urban and Rural Areas in U.S. Epidemiologic Studies

Among epidemiologists, there has been increasing interest in the characteristics of communities that influence health. In the United States, the rural health disparity has been a recent focus of attention and made a priority for improvement. While many standardized definitions of urban and rural exist and are used by social scientists and demographers, they are found in sources unfamiliar to health researchers and have largely not been used in public health studies. This paper briefly reviews some available definitions of urban and rural for American geographic subunits and their respective strengths and weaknesses. For example, some definitions are better suited than others for capturing access to health care services. The authors applied different definitions to breast cancer incidence rates to show how urban/rural rate ratio comparisons would vary by choice of definition and found that dichotomous definitions may fail to capture variability in very rural areas. Further study of the utility of these measures in health studies is warranted.
Optical crystallographic properties of some chemotherapeutic compounds used in tuberculosis

The optical properties of isonicotinic acid hydrazide, isonicotinic acid hydrazide diliturate, 1-isonicotinyl-2-benzylidene hydrazide, 1 -isonicotinyl-2-isopropyl hydrazide, Tibione, and Tibione-p-nitrophenyl hydrazone have been determined. The melting points, densities, and molar refractions of these compounds have been determined. The optical properties are valuable for identification purposes.
Erythema Multiforme After Use of Topical Sulfacetamide

An 8-year-old boy developed erythema multiforme major after topical administration of sodium sulfacetamide for conjunctivitis. He had received systemic treatment with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole four months previously without evidence of drug allergy. There was no history of recent exposure to other drugs or evidence of herpes simplex or Mycoplasma infection. After 12 days of treatment with erythromycin ointment, 1% prednisolone eyedrops, systemic prednisone, and intravenous nafcillin, the patient's condition improved dramatically. A slit-lamp examination showed only superficial punctate keratitis. Two months later his visual acuity had improved from 20/200 bilaterally to R.E.: 20/40 and L.E.: 20/30.
A model program for youth suicide prevention

Youth suicide continues to be one of the leading causes of death in the United States. Nation wide it is the third leading cause of death in the 10-24 year old age group. The rate of suicide varies somewhat from state to state. In the state of Kentucky, youth suicide is the second leading cause of death. This article describes a grass root, community-based program for youth suicide prevention and its impact on the community. The Stop Youth Suicide Campaign was launched in October 2000 and included more than 30 local agencies. This program worked. through public education, education of medical care providers, schoolteachers, school counselors, youth service center personnel and many other entities that deal with adolescents. This program utilized face-to-face encounters, website, video and other forms of media education. Over a four-year period, the program has provided several conferences and many lectures and workshops to the community. The program has responded to many e-mails and phone calls from teens and/or their parents asking for help. During these years, many of these children that were seeking help ended up receiving appropriate help that contributed to changing their lives and helping them stay alive and also utilizing them to help others in that period. Simple grass roots programs are able to help and are needed in the community to combat this epidemic that is causing significant mortality and morbidity.
Identification of Pupal Exuviae of Nasonia vitripennis and Muscidifurax raptorellus Parasitoids Using Cuticular Hydrocarbons

Abstract Parasitoids are often members of species complexes and are difficult to identify by conventional morphology, although most indigenous parasitoids of muscoid flies can be identified from adults. Pupal exuviae of the gregarious parasitoids Muscidifurax raptorellus Kogan and Legner and Nasonia vitripennis (Walker) were dissected from parasitized house fly (Musca domestica L.) puparia. Their hydrocarbons were extracted, isolated, and analyzed via column and gas chromatography, as were those of adult parasitoids. Quantification of 7-methylhentriacontane and 3,7,15-trimethylpentatriacontane allowed calculation of peak ratios of these two methyl-branched components that showed statistically significant differences between the species. Since the profiles were dramatically different, a confident identification resulted. Analysis of adult parasitoids or the mummified host remains from parasitized host puparia also revealed distinctive hydrocarbon profiles between species, and the same peak ratios were definitive for each species. Since there are no morphological keys for pupal life stages, hydrocarbon profiles provide a simple and reliable method to identify parasitoids from parasitized host puparia, before or after the adult parasitoids have left the host. In addition, the parasitoid species found in parasitized pupae can be determined from analysis of the empty puparium or even the mummy itself.
Total synthesis of the AB disaccharide unit of olivomycin A

Abstract An efficient (10 step, 17% overall yield), highly diasteroselective total synthesis of disaccharide 3 , corresponding to the AB disaccharide unit of olivomycin A, is described.
Nanostructured Interfaces for Thermoelectrics

Temperature drops at the interfaces between thermoelectric materials and the heat source and sink reduce the overall efficiency of thermoelectric systems. Nanostructured interfaces based on vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (CNTs) promise the combination of mechanical compliance and high thermal conductance required for thermoelectric modules, which are subjected to severe thermomechanical stresses. This work discusses the property requirements for thermoelectric interface materials, reviews relevant data available in the literature for CNT films, and characterizes the thermal properties of vertically aligned multiwalled CNTs grown on a candidate thermoelectric material. Nanosecond thermoreflectance thermometry provides thermal property data for 1.5-lm-thick CNT films on SiGe. The thermal interface resistances between the CNT film and surrounding materials are the dominant barriers to thermal transport, ranging from 1.4 m 2 KM W � 1 to 4.3 m 2 KM W � 1 . The volumetric heat capacity of the CNT film is estimated to be 87 kJ m � 3 K � 1 , which corresponds to a volumetric fill fraction of 9%. The effect of 100 thermal cycles from 30� C to 200� C is also studied. These data provide the groundwork for future studies of thermoelectric materials in contact with CNT films serving as both a thermal and electrical interface.
Planning a spit tobacco cessation intervention: Identification of beliefs associated with addiction

Abstract We examine the relationship between beliefs regarding spit tobacco (ST) use and addiction among 473 male college athletes who currently use ST. Beliefs were assessed using methods prescribed by the Theory of Reasoned Action. Independent associations between beliefs and addiction, defined by self-reported amount of ST used per week, were found via multivariate polychotomous regression modeling. We found that with increasing addiction level, athletes were significantly more likely to believe that “ST helps me relax,” “ST keeps me alert,” “ST tastes good,” and “ST is addicting.” All athletes believed that clinicians, parents, and girlfriends do not approve of their ST use, but that male peers, coaches, and professional athletes are fairly indifferent about it. To increase quit rates, highly addicted ST users may require an intensive cessation program including nicotine replacement to overcome symptoms of withdrawal, oral substitutes for the enjoyable taste of ST, and the support of male peers and athletes who influence their social norms.
An Ethical Approach to Life-long Learning: Implications for Global Psychiatry

I was first introduced to this mantra in a Zulu village of rural South Africa after college. A Nigerian physician performed a caesarean section in a nonsterile “theater” with reused latex gloves: “Cut; put in your hands; tear; take out baby. Done in 12 minutes. You do the next one.” The request for an undergraduate student to perform surgery raised my ethical concerns about competence, beneficence, and non-malfeasance. I entered medical school with a sharper ethical lens with which to consider research and practice. Through 11 years of training, and now, as a global child/adolescent and adult psychiatrist, the most valuable discipline I have learned is ethics, which in turn has guided my adult learning.
Understanding heat transfer mechanisms in recessed LED luminaires

Reduced maintenance cost due to the long life of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) has attracted the lighting community to this rapidly evolving lighting technology. A high LED junction temperature negatively affects the performance of LEDs. To realize the long-life potential of LEDs, proper thermal management is necessary. This paper describes a numerical and experimental investigation of thermal solutions for an LED recessed downlight under passive cooling. Different heat transfer mechanisms and their contributions for keeping the LED junction at lower temperatures also were analyzed.
Immunotransplantation preferentially expands T-effector cells over T-regulatory cells and cures large lymphoma tumors

Ex vivo–expanded tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes infused into lymphodepleted recipients has clear antitumor efficacy. More practical sources of such antitumor lymphocytes would broaden the application of this approach. Previously, we described an in situ vaccination combining chemotherapy with intratumoral injection of CpG-enriched oligonucleotides, which induced T-cell immunity against established lymphoma. An ongoing clinical trial of this maneuver has demonstrated clinical responses in lymphoma patients. Here, we use this vaccine maneuver to generate immune cells for transfer into irradiated, syngeneic recipients. Transferred tumor-specific T-effector (Teff) cells preferentially expanded, increasing the Teff/T-regulatory (Treg) ratio in these “immunotransplantation” recipients and curing large and metastatic tumors. Donor T cells were necessary for tumor protection, and CD8 T-cell immune responses were enhanced by posttransplantation booster vaccination. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is a standard therapy for lymphoma. Therefore, in situ tumor vaccination followed by immunotransplantation of harvested tumor-specific T cells could be directly tested in clinical trials to treat otherwise resistant malignancies.
Validation of an optical sensor-based high-throughput bioreactor system for mammalian cell culture

Cell culture optimization is a labor-intensive process requiring a large number of experiments to be conducted under varying conditions. Here we describe a high-throughput bioreactor system that allows 12 mini stirred-tank bioreactors to be operated simultaneously. All bioreactors are monitored by low-cost minimally invasive optical sensors for pH and dissolved oxygen. The sensors consist of single-use patches affixed inside the bioreactors and monitored optically from the outside. Experimental results show that different sensing patches with the same composition respond consistently. The discrepancy between different pH sensors is less than 0.1 pH units over most of their responsive range. The discrepancy between different dissolved oxygen sensors is less than 10% over the whole range from 0% to 100% dissolved oxygen. The consistency of the sensing system ensures that only an initial one-time calibration is required for the sensing patches. After that, a calibration code is generated and sensing patches of the same composition can be used directly. This greatly reduces the time and cost required for monitored multi-bioreactor operations. We used SP2/0 myeloma/mouse hybridoma cell cultures to demonstrate reactor performance consistency. Transcriptional profiling, HPLC analysis, viable cell count, and viability inspection show that the presence of sensing patches and the use of optical monitoring have no apparent effect on the metabolism of the cells.
N- and C-terminal Domains Determine Differential Nucleosomal Binding Geometry and Affinity of Linker Histone Isotypes H10 and H1c

Eukaryotic linker or H1 histones modulate DNA compaction and gene expression in vivo. In mammals, these proteins exist as multiple isotypes with distinct properties, suggesting a functional significance to the heterogeneity. Linker histones typically have a tripartite structure composed of a conserved central globular domain flanked by a highly variable short N-terminal domain and a longer highly basic C-terminal domain. We hypothesized that the variable terminal domains of individual subtypes contribute to their functional heterogeneity by influencing chromatin binding interactions. We developed a novel dual color fluorescence recovery after photobleaching assay system in which two H1 proteins fused to spectrally separable fluorescent proteins can be co-expressed and their independent binding kinetics simultaneously monitored in a single cell. This approach was combined with domain swap and point mutagenesis to determine the roles of the terminal domains in the differential binding characteristics of the linker histone isotypes, mouse H10 and H1c. Exchanging the N-terminal domains between H10 and H1c changed their overall binding affinity to that of the other variant. In contrast, switching the C-terminal domains altered the chromatin interaction surface of the globular domain. These results indicate that linker histone subtypes bind to chromatin in an intrinsically specific manner and that the highly variable terminal domains contribute to differences between subtypes. The methods developed in this study will have broad applications in studying dynamic properties of additional histone subtypes and other mobile proteins.
The newly promulgated ethical codes of China's civil service

Since China's post-Mao leadership introduced material incentives to promote productivity in its bid to catch up with industrialized countries, the nation's fledgling civil service has been infected by widespread unethical behavior among bureaucrats. One of the measures taken to combat corruption has been the enactment of ethical codes for government officials. This article discusses the problems and prospects of ethical codes, which may refashion China's public administration in the years to come.
Efficient tracking of ants in long video with GPU and interaction

Behavior analysis of social insects requires robust tracking over many frames. Automated tracking methods are not reliable for tracking over long video. And they are prone to a quick accumulation of error from one mis-tracking. However, searching and correcting of mis-tracking is time-consuming. In this paper, we present an efficient method for achieving robust tracking of multiple ants over a long video. First, our method minimizes the user wait time by speeding up tracking with a GPU. Second, it minimizes the amount of data the user needs to validate by automatically searching for potential errors and presenting them for user validation and correction. User studies with three participants on a 10,000 frame video demonstrates that (1) the speed of tracking is 16x faster with GPU optimization, (2) tracking accuracy was 96%, which is a 25% improvement over no user interaction, (3) users examined less than 0.6% of frames for validation and correction.
An Apparent Failure of the Hund Theory

THE Hund theory of spectra includes, as an essential part of it, a prediction of the individual levels of an ion to which component term sequences will converge. The evidence supporting the predictions seem reasonably good in cases of spectra the character of which is determined by less than half-filled electron groups. On the other hand, the following two items of evidence seem to indicate that the theoretical predictions are not fulfilled in spectra determined by nearly completed electron groups.
MRI of occult sacral insufficiency fractures following radiotherapy

Following radiation therapy, marrow abnormalities noted on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are frequent and may mimic metastases. Specific radiotherapy changes are usually easily identifiable; however, traumatic lesions cause more interpretive difficulties. We assessed the incidence and MRI characteristics of insufficiency fractures in this population. During a 5-year span (1987–1991), 546 patients received pelvic radiotherapy for primary malignancies. MRI was performed in 25 of these patients at least 3 months after treatment. The mean dose in this group was 53 Gy. These MRI scans were retrospectively reviewed for the appearance of the sacrum with particular attention to the presence of insufficiency fractures. This was correlated with clinical course and scintigraphic findings. Presumed insufficiency fractures on MRI paralleled the sacral side of the sacroiliac joint, enhanced with Gd-DTPA, were most prominent or initially seen anteriorly, and had ill-defined margins on all imaging sequences. The incidence of occult sacral insufficiency fractures was at least 20%. Insufficiency fractures of the sacrum in the post-radiotherapy patient are a relatively frequent occurrence which can mimic metastases. Consideration of this phenomenon and knowledge of differential features may avoid overdiagnosis of osseous metastases.
Neurally mediated hyperactive voiding in spontaneously hypertensive rats

The development of hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and hyperactive voiding in rats with urethral obstruction are characterized by abnormal smooth muscle growth, increased tissue levels of nerve growth factor (NGF) and altered patterns of innervation. The present study was undertaken to determine if bladder smooth muscle from SHRs contains and secretes elevated levels of NGF, and if so, whether the augmented NGF contributes to changes in bladder innervation and function without tissue hypertrophy. Voiding behavior was monitored using specially designed metabolic cages. NGF levels in tissue homogenates and conditioned cell culture media were measured by ELISA. NGF mRNA in cultured bladder smooth muscle cells (BSMCs) was quantified using reverse transcriptase PCR. Noradrenergic innervation was assessed by staining with glyoxylic acid and assaying norepinephrine (NE) content in bladders with high performance liquid chromatography. SHRs voided more frequently than WKY rats. NGF content was higher in bladders from adult SHRs when compared to Wistar-Kyoto normotensive rats (WKYs). No significant difference in NGF mRNA content was observed between SHR and WKY BSMCs. However, SHR BSMCs secreted NGF at a higher rate and amount per unit mRNA than did WKY BSMCs. SHR bladders contained more NE and were more densely stained for catecholaminergic fibers than bladders from WKY rats. The results support the hypothesis that elevated NGF secretion by bladder smooth muscle is associated with hyperinnervation of bladder and hyperactive voiding in SHRs. Thus, the SHR strain may represent a genetic model to study changes in bladder function resulting from altered patterns of innervation.
On an alleged error in Archimedes' Conoids, Prop. 1

This note shows that an alleged error in a proof by Archimedes is actually attributable to a modern reconstruction.
GENETIC CONTROL OF THE ANTIBODY RESPONSE IN INBRED MICE TRANSFER OF RESPONSE BY SPLEEN CELLS AND LINKAGE TO THE MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY (H-2) LOCUS

The transfer of spleen cells from (C3H x C57Bl/6) F(1) mice, capable of responding to (T,G)-A--L, into irradiated C3H parental recipients, normally incapable of responding to (T,G)-A--L, transfers the ability to make either a primary or secondary immune response to this synthetic polypeptide antigen. This localizes the genetic control of the ability to respond to the spleen cell population and indicates that the genetic control is exerted upon a process directly related to antibody formation. Studies with congenic strains of mice and linkage studies in segregating backcross populations show that the ability to respond to (T,G)-A--L and (H,G)-A--L is linked to the H-2 locus and can thus be localized to the IXth mouse linkage group. Note Added in Proof: Of the three possible recombinant animals noted in Tables IV and V, two were infertile. The third animal was not a recombinant, since progeny testing and reimmunization showed that this animal was an H-2(2)/H-2(k) heterozygote capable of responding well to (T,G)-A--L.
Statistical distribution of volar skin potential level in attention and the effects of age.

Skin potential (SP) level was investigated in 58 young (aged 22–53 years) and 64 old (aged 54–85 years) Ss. SP recordings were made during a 15-min interval while Ss were taking part in a watch-keeping task. The Kolmogorov-Smimov test revealed that, while the distribution of SP level in young Ss deviated significantly from normality, the distribution in old Ss was normal. Evidence suggested that age of Ss needs to be taken into account when dealing with distributions of SP level recorded under attentive conditions.
Phenylketonuria Presenting as Infantile Spasms with Sudden Mental Deterioration

SUMMARY A child with phenylyketonuria had a well-documented history of normal mental development until the age of 7 months, when there was a sudden onset of infantile spasms with coincident mental regression. He was treated at first with corticotrophin, with improvement in the epilepsy, EEG appearance and mental level. After two weeks the diagnosis of phenylketonuria was made and a low-phenylalanine diet started. His subsequent progress over the next 3 1/2 years is described. The method of presentation, the effect of corticotrophin and the mental level achieved are discussed. Reasumeea Phenylacetonurie se presentant sous forme de spasmes infantiles accompagnes de deterioration mentale soudaine Un enfant atteint de phenylacetonurie a eu une histoire bien documentee de developpement mental normal jusqua l'âge de 7 mois, epoque a laquelle apparurent soudain des spasmes infantiles accompagnes de regression mentale. L'enfant fut traite d'abord par la corticotrophine qui ameliora l'epilepsie, l'apparence de l'EEG et le niveau mental. La phenylacetonurie fut diagnostiquee apres deux semaines et un regime pauvre en phenylalanine fut commence. Les auteurs decrivent les progres obtenus au cours des 3 annees et demie suivantes. La methode de presentation, l'action de la corticotrophine et le niveau mental atteint sont discutes. Zusammenfassung Ein Kind mit Phenylketonurie hatte eine gut dokumentierte Vorgeschichte von normaler geistiger Entwicklung bis zum 7. Lebensmonat. Zu dieser Zeit traten plotzlich Kramp-fanfalle auf, die von gleichzeitiger geistiger Regression begleitet waren. Es wurde erstmals eine Behandlung mit Corticotrophin unternommen, die die Epilepsie, das EEG und den Geisteszustand gunstig beeinflusste. Nach zwei weiteren Wochen wurde Phenylketonurie festgestellt und eine Diet mit niedrigem Phenylalanin-Enthalt verabreicht. Das darauf folgende Befinden wahrend der nachsten 3 1/2 Jahre wird beschrieben. Es erfolgt ein Bericht uber die Behandlungsweise und die Ergebnisse der Corticotrophin-Therapie im Bezug auf Geisteszustand.
A parallel path model for Necturus proximal tubule.

A parallel path model based on the principles of nonequilibrium thermodynamics was developed for theNecturus proximal tubule. The cellular path was represented as a luminal membrane followed by an irreversible active NaCl transport system in the peritubular barrier. The shunt pathway was described as three “coarse” barriers in series: tight junction, lateral intercellular spaces, and basement membrane with connective tissue. Volume and solute flows were predicted by the model equations as a function of applied electric current. Variations of the model parameters revealed the quantitative importance of the shunt path properties and the relative insensitivity of epithelial transport to changes in most cell parameters. Circulation of electric current and solute within the epithelium were shown to significantly influence the bahavior of the tubule in the presence of an electric field. Values for all transport parameters of the shunt path and epithelium were calculated and compared with available experimental evidence. Volume flow and electric currents predicted by the model compared favorably with experimental observations.
The architecture of archives: Whose form, what functions?

This article examines the claim that, through its overt symbolic messaging, the Gatineau Preservation Centre, opened by the National Archives of Canada in 1997, embodies a perfect transparency between function and form, with the shape of the place being derived seamlessly from the needs of the archival work done there, and the proof being in the exposure of all the elements to view. It reveals the undercurrents of contending oppositions to this claim, both in the subversive, Mannerist, or “impure” architectural eccentricities designed into the structure, and in the embodiment of archival narratives whose symbolism is challenged by unacknowledged resistances. While the building is clearly inspired by Modernist and Enlightenment orientations, such as the ambition to preserve unchanged a universal, transcendent historical authenticity, these diverse resistances buried in it are manifested, for example, in the contest of maleversus female structural elements, and in the authority of the monumental and exposed set against the seduction of the varied and secret. Most importantly, the absorption of the body both metaphorically and physically into the many disciplines of the place unconsciously calls into question the building's self-image as the epitome of a liberal-humanist and objective-scientific activity; it reflects instead the destabilizing plays and displays of power which are increasingly seen to form the indeterminate field of the archival pursuit.
Identification and partial purification of chalone from human epidermis.

SUMMARY Crude human skin extracts having tissue-specific mitotic inhibitory activity (chalone), were studied by ethanol precipitation and disc gel electrophoresis. Precipitates obtained at various ethanol concentrations were dialyzed, lyophilized and tested for their mitotic inhibitory activity. It was found that the greatest inhibitory activity was concentrated in the precipitate formed in 81% ethanol, the active principle being concentrated about 200 times. Proteins in crude extracts were separated by disc gel electrophoresis, and at least eight bands were identified. Groups of bands were extracted from the electrophoretic gels and tested for their mitotic inhibitory activity. Fraction II, containing two bands, had the highest activity. Disc gel electrophoretic analysis of the 81% ethane precipitate revealed only two major bands, one of which could also be found in fraction II of the crude extract. This protein band, which is present in both of the mitotic inhibitory samples, may represent the human epidermal chalone.
3D computation of unsteady flow past a sphere with a parallel finite element method

Abstract We present parallel computation of 3D, unsteady, incompressible flow past a sphere. The Navier-Stokes equations of incompressible flows are solved using a stabilized finite element formulation. Equal-order interpolation functions are used for velocity and pressure. The second-order accurate time-marching within the solution process is carried out in an implicit fashion. The coupled, nonlinear equations generated at each time step are solved using an element-vector-based iteration technique. The computed value of the primary frequency associated with vortex shedding is in close agreement with experimental measurements. The computation was performed on the Thinking Machines CM-5.