cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Do tobacco industry websites target content to specific demographic groups

Abstract Background Prior research has not examined whether tobacco brand websites vary content based on audience demographics. This study explored whether marketing content on tobacco brand websites varied by user ethnicity, gender or age group. Methods Participants (n = 32) were adult smokers, representing equal numbers of eight demographic groups: user ethnicity (Non-Hispanic White, Hispanic, African American, Asian), gender (women, men) and age (age 21–35, age 36+). This study examined 12 tobacco brand websites representing four tobacco product categories (cigarettes, cigar/cigarillos, smokeless tobacco, and e-cigarettes). From January 2016 to January 2017, participants coded websites for themes, interactive activities, and links to social media sites (n = 874 website visits). Logistic regression was used to analyze observed content by participant ethnicity, age and gender. Results All themes, all interactive activities and all links to social media were observed at least once for each demographic category. Male participants were more likely to observe Harm reduction themes, while female participants were more likely to observe Promotion themes. Older participants were more likely to observe website features allowing them to select music, and request coupons. Compared to Non-Hispanic White participants, African American participants were more likely to observe links to social media sites. Conclusion Tobacco brand website content varied across ethnic, age and gender groups. These findings suggest that other factors, such as tobacco use behaviors, may influence marketing strategies participants recall or find appealing. The findings from this study can inform future regulatory activities and communication strategies aimed at countering pro-tobacco content online.
The Fontan VAD Physiology Project (FVPP)

Purpose Individuals born with defects resulting in a functionally univentricular heart Fontan-type palliation (FP) are prone to physiologic deterioration requiring advanced cardiac therapies. Given limitations to organ availability and long transplant waiting-list times, mechanical circulatory support (MCS) has become an important tool to permit individuals with a single ventricle circulation to either survive to transplant or may be used for destination therapy. The physiologic and clinical impact of MCS in FP patients are undefined. Methods Centers participating in the ACTION Learning Network entered data on FP patients that received a VAD at their center, between 1/26/12 and 10/1/2019, in the ACTION Outcomes registry. Additional survey data on physiologic variables will be completed by Nov 2019. Results Thirty-nine FP patients were reported to the ACTION registry. Limited clinical variables can be found in table 1. MCS types included intracorporeal continuous flow support (25 patients), paracorporeal support (10), total artificial heart (2) and biventricular assist devices (1). Among supported patients, 23 % (9) died while on support, 10 % (4) are currently alive on support, and 67% (26) were transplanted and are alive while none died post-transplant. Major adverse events included major bleeding (17 episodes), driveline infection (n=1) and other neurologic dysfunction (n=1). There was no stroke or pump thrombosis (table 1). MCS implant improved NYHA functional class (12.5% versus 75% NYHA class 1/2) and decreased severe atrioventricular valve regurgitation (47% versus 30%). Complete clinical and hemodynamic data will be available and presented at the ISHLT meeting. Conclusion This is the first multicenter report of FP outcomes post MCS. MCS results in improved functional status and decreased atrioventricular valve regurgitation in FP patients awaiting transplant without adverse post-transplant outcomes and with good on-device survival. MCS for Fontan patients as both destination and bridge to transplant is a reasonable option.
Technical note: direct genotyping of the double-muscling locus (mh) in Piedmontese and Belgian Blue cattle by fluorescent PCR.

A simple PCR-based allele detection system has been developed to assist in the management of the two most prevalent double-muscled (mh) breeds in the U.S. Application of this assay will permit the implementation of structured mating systems dependent on precise genotypes at the mh locus. The genetic assay uses standard fluorescent genotyping technology and relies on the unique nucleotide composition of wild-type and mutant alleles of myostatin, the gene underlying the double-muscled phenotype. We present data demonstrating the efficacy of this fluorescent primer-based PCR assay in genotyping animal populations carrying normal and(or) mutant alleles of the myostatin gene.
Recurrent Pneumonia? A Case of Availability Bias and Anchoring.

Invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma is a multi-centric adenocarcinoma that accounts for less than 5% of all lung cancer diagnoses. The most common presenting symptoms (cough, sputum production, and chest pain) in conjunction with its radiographic findings (patchy, multi-lobar infiltrates) make invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma challenging to distinguish from both infectious and inflammatory pneumonia. However, due to its aggressive nature, invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma should be considered if a presumed case of pneumonia lacks symptoms of infection (e.g., fever, leukocytosis) and/or does not respond to antibiotics. We report the case of a 75-year-old male who was admitted in the setting of a presumed case of recurrent pneumonia, which had failed to respond to prior antibiotic therapy. Further workup, including trans-bronchial biopsy, confirmed mucinous adenocarcinoma with a lepidic pattern. This case highlights the importance of establishing a broad differential in the setting of unresolved pneumonia following appropriate antibiotic coverage.
Toward a Framework for Machine Self-Presentation : A survey of self-presentation strategies in human-machine interaction studies

Increasingly, researchers are creating machines with humanlike social behaviors to elicit desired human responses such as trust and engagement, but a systematic characterization and categorization of such behaviors and their demonstrated effects is missing. This paper proposes a taxonomy of machine behavior based on what has been experimented with and documented in the literature to date. We argue that self-presentation theory, a psychosocial model of human interaction, provides a principled framework to structure existing knowledge in this domain and guide future research and development. We leverage a foundational human self-presentation taxonomy (Jones and Pittman, 1982), which associates human verbal behaviors with strategies, to guide the literature review of human-machine interaction studies we present in this paper. In our review, we identified 36 studies that have examined human-machine interactions with behaviors corresponding to strategies from the taxonomy. Of those studies utilizing self-presentation behaviors for machines, the majority have employed a strategy of Ingratiation, while relatively few have employed strategies of Supplication, Self-promotion, Exemplification, and Intimidation. The primary contribution of this research is our analysis of the frequently and infrequently used strategies to identify patterns and gaps, which led to the adaptation of Jones and Pittman's human self-presentation taxonomy to a machine self-presentation taxonomy. The adapted taxonomy identifies strategies and behaviors machines can employ when presenting themselves to humans in order to elicit desired human responses and attitudes. Approved for Public Release; Distribution Unlimited. Public Release Case Number 19-3566.
Moving Targets: The Sexual Economy of Schooling and the Limit(s) of Schoolgirl Agency

Contemporary discourse targets adolescent girls education as the sine qua non of global economic development. The girl effect dividend posits a clear axiom: invest in a girl and she will do the rest. While links can be made among girls education, intergenerational female empowerment and social change, the ubiquitous claim that girls education is a panacea evades the fact that education is not a gender-neutral public good; schools are not always safe spaces for girls, particularly for the most vulnerable; and female education does not guarantee the fundamental gendered social transformations that are required for her to call the shots. Drawing on data from150 interviews with Maasai primary schoolgirls attending nine government-run primary day schools in Kajiado District, Kenya, my paper maps what I call the sexual economy of schooling that accompanies the girls education discourse. I ask: how do Maasai schoolgirls, targeted as exceptional subjects of development, negotiate their desire for school against recalcitrant gender ideologies? How might going to school make girls targets of a different sort, with new implications for girls themselves? If education equates to empowerment, yet school-related exclusions and gender-based violence are often left unremarked as given, what about the stories we do not hear about girls in school? Centering on an analysis of the Maasai social category, enkangyakuai, my paper considers how notions of being a girl are shifting in the context of the girls education imperative and help us understand how young female subjectivities operate in this increasingly fluid environment.
International containership carrier selection criteria: Shippers/carriers differences

Examines the difference in perceptions of 18 carrier selections factors between import shippers, export shippers, and international containership carriers. MANOVA was used to determine differences between the three groups. Suggests that there are significant differences between import shippers and carriers; export shippers and carriers; and import shippers and export shippers. Significant differences between the import shipper and carrier groups were found on the loss and damage and equipment availability factors. Significant differences between the export shipper and carrier groups were found on the rate changes, service frequency, financial stability, service changes, and equipment availability factors. The only significant difference between the import shipper and export shipper groups was found on the door‐to‐door transportation rates factor.
Capabilities and limits of compact error resilience methods for algorithmic self-assembly in two and three dimensions

Winfree’s pioneering work led the foundations in the area of error-reduction in algorithmic self-assembly[26], but the construction resulted in increase of the size of assembly. Reif et. al. contributed further in this area with compact error-resilient schemes [15] that maintained the original size of the assemblies, but required certain restrictions on the Boolean functions to be used in the algorithmic self-assembly. It is a critical challenge to improve these compact error resilient schemes to incorporate arbitrary Boolean functions, and to determine how far these prior results can be extended under different degrees of restrictions on the Boolean functions. In this work we present a considerably more complete theory of compact error-resilient schemes for algorithmic self-assembly in two and three dimensions. First we consider two-dimensional algorithmic self-assembly. We present an error correction scheme for reduction of errors from e to e2 for arbitrary Boolean functions in two dimensional algorithmic self-assembly. Then we characterize the class of Boolean functions for which the error reduction can be done from e to e3, and present an error correction scheme that achieves this reduction. Then we prove ultimate limits on certain classes of compact error resilient schemes: in particular we show that they can not provide reduction of errors from e to e4 is for any Boolean functions. Further, we develop the first provable compact error resilience schemes for three dimensional tiling self-assemblies. We also extend the work of Winfree on self-healing in two-dimensional self-assembly[25] to obtain a self-healing tile-set for three-dimensional self-assembly.
Quantum speed-up of Markov chain based algorithms

We develop a generic method for quantizing classical algorithms based on random walks. We show that under certain conditions, the quantum version gives rise to a quadratic speed-up. This is the case, in particular, when the Markov chain is ergodic and its transition matrix is symmetric. This generalizes the celebrated result of L. K. Grover (1996)and a number of more recent results, including the element distinctness result of Ambainis and the result of Ambainis, Kempe and Rivosh that computes properties of quantum walks on the d-dimensional torus. Among the consequences is a faster search for multiple marked items. We show that the quantum escape time, just like its classical version, depends on the spectral properties of the transition matrix with the marked rows and columns deleted.
Present status of mangroves in three different water bodies associated sites in Thirukkovil and Pottuvil, Ampara district

Thirukkovil and Pottuvil villages in Ampara district are well known for Ecotourism. Village ecotourismis based on the beauty of the coastal belt and its surrounds which is decorated by flora and faunawithin its geographical sites. A predominant flora of the coastal villages, along the water bodies aremangroves and this was either fully or partially devastated by tsunami tidal waves in 2004. Studing thepresent status of mangroves is important for the ecotourism since it enables the present plant formsand by replanting the appropriate species. The aim of the study was to evaluated the present status ofmangroves, in the three selected water bodies associate sites namely Maranakandy River in Thirukkovil,Kudakali Lagoon & Ohua Lagoon in Pottuvil, Ampara district, which was carried out in July 2006. An impact of tidal waves on mangroves and its associates was not clearly evident in MaranakandyRiver, where an impact was clearly seen in Kudakali lagoon, but least was noted in Dhua lagoon, atthe time of study. Th is impact d ifference possibly by the distances of sea point's from the sites and thetypes of mangrove vegetation the sites had at that time. Maranakandy River was under continuousexploitation by local communities compared to Kudakali lagoon and Dhua lagoon, which located nextto each other, but at a distance and an undisturbed state. Both true and associated mangroves specieswere naturally segregated in all three sites. Predominant species was Rhizophora sp, except in Ohualagoon. In Ohua lagoon. along the sites, but opposite to the sea, root stumps and prop roots were leftout as evident destructive parts of Rhizophora sp. by tidal waves impact and no species were seenin the premises. Rhizophora sp. was grown adjacent and along the sites in Maranakandy River andKudakali lagoon, where Excoecaria agallocha and Bruguiera gymnorhiza were at its immediateright backyard, respectively. R. mucronata showed a stunted growth in Maranakandy River. whereas R. apiculata recorded in Kudakali lagoon was overgrown to a height of 6 m. As such, amorphological habit of R. apiculata possibly served as a colliding object for the impact of tidal wavesin Kudakali lagoon and thus impact of tidal waves was greater on R. apiculata, mainly at the entrypoint of sea water. Tall grown B. gymnorhizawes only recorded in Kudakali lagoon and impact oftidal waves were negligible, since R. apiculatawas in the frontier line and sacrificed first while safeguarded the B. gymnorhiza. Natural regenerations by numerous B. gymnorhiza seedlings wereseen and being occupied in the devastated sites of R. apiculata in Kudakali lagoon. Replantation ofR. 11111cronatu_seedlings were noted in Maranakandy River. except in Ohua lagoon. Thus, on sitebasis. a planned replantation of mangroves is necessary to uplift the socio-economic life of three sitesin the district. perhaps ecotourism.
FDTD analysis of dielectric resonator antenna arrays for waveguide-based spatial power combining

Probe-fed dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) arrays are studied for operation in a waveguide environment with application to spatial power combining systems. The method of analysis is based on the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) approach. A traditional Yee cell is used to discretize a rectangular waveguide and the DRA array elements are fed by wire probes through coaxial lines, which are modeled by a thin wire approximation.
Reactivation of ultraviolet-irradiated bacteriophage by multiple infection.

Luria summarized earlier findings on the radiation of bacteriophages, specifically addressing previous work that demonstrated an apparent loss of reproductive ability that was considered an irreversible change affecting the phage as a whole. He noted that this appeared to be a loss of the ability to initiate production of active phage under particular conditions that Luria argued needed to be defined more precisely. He further noted that recent findings indicated that active virus could be produced from bacterial particles that were previously considered inactive.
The Fiqh of Revolution and the Arab Spring: Secondary Segmentation as a Trend in Islamic Legal Doctrine

This article examines how the events of the Arab Spring have helped give birth to a new juristic subfield known as the “Fiqh of Revolution”. The Fiqh of Revolution supplies legal guidance on peaceful rebellion under contemporary conditions, addressing itself to a 21st century world order shaped by new internet media and post-Cold War international human rights conventions. I argue that besides being an important source of influence for Islamist movements, the Fiqh of Revolution also illustrates broader trends in contemporary Islamic legal thought. In particular, I draw attention to the process of “secondary segmentation”, whereby new legal subfields are created for the purpose of justifying and regimenting the use of utilitarian modes of juristic reasoning. Although “secondary segmentation” is an emergent trend, I suggest that it has important implications for the future evolution of Islamic legal doctrine.
Sting: An End-to-End Self-Healing System for Defending against Internet Worms

We increasingly rely on highly available systems in all areas of society, from the economy, to military, to the government. Unfortunately, much software, including critical applications, contains vulnerabilities unknown at the time of deployment, with memory-overwrite vulnerabilities (such as buffer overflow and format string vulnerabilities) accounting for more than 60% of total vulnerabilities [10]. These vulnerabilities, when exploited, can cause devastating effects, such as self-propagating worm attacks which can compromise millions of vulnerable hosts within a matter of minutes or even seconds [32],[61], and cause millions of dollars of damage [30]. Therefore, we need to develop effective mechanisms to protect vulnerable hosts from being compromised and allow them to continue providing critical services, even under aggressively spreading attacks on previously unknown vulnerabilities.
Corporate structure in the classroom: a model for teaching engineering design

Experiences at the authors' university with a senior-level engineering design course have demonstrated the educational value of challenging design tasks performed on a real project for a real customer. The students enter the course with strong analytical skills and enthusiasm but without adequate experience in doing design, dealing with uncertainty, working as part of a team, and implementing a complex project. To correct this, we implemented some changes in our engineering curriculum and piloted an interdisciplinary sophomore-level design course in the Fall 1994 semester. The course was structured as a simulated engineering company dealing with the design of robotic devices for use in hazardous materials handling. An interdisciplinary faculty team faculty played the roles of company president, division managers and a quality manager. The students played the roles of design engineers. A member of the college's industrial advisory board played the role of our customer, and our campus safety officer played the role of an EPA representative. The course dealt with technical, legal, ethical, financial and personnel issues, and addressed problems of incomplete information, limited resources and materials availability, team dynamics, and employee and public safety. Communication and documentation were emphasized. The challenge we now face is to structure these courses with a reasonable student-to-faculty ratio while still maintaining the team teaching approach and the simulated corporate structure. This paper describes the first offering of the two linked interdisciplinary design courses.
The Fourfold Pattern of Risk Attitudes in Choice and Pricing Tasks

We examine the robustness of the fourfold pattern of risk attitudes under two elicitation procedures. We find that individuals are, on average, risk-seeking over low-probability gains and high-probability losses and risk-averse over high-probability gains and low-probability losses when we elicit prices for the gambles. However, a choice-based elicitation procedure, where participants choose between a gamble and its expected value, yields individual decisions that are indistinguishable from random choice. Sensitivity to elicitation procedure holds between and within participants, and remains when participants are allowed to review and change decisions. The price elicitation procedure is more complex; this finding may be further evidence that an increase in cognitive load exacerbates behavioural anomalies.
Occult Temporal Bone Facial Nerve Involvement by Parotid Malignancies with Perineural Spread

ObjectiveTo characterize disease presentation and outcomes following surgical treatment of parotid malignancies with occult temporal bone facial nerve (FN) involvement.Study DesignCase series with chart review.SettingTertiary academic referral center.Subjects and MethodsThirty consecutive patients (mean age 58 years; 77% men) who underwent surgery for parotid malignancies with occult perineural involvement of the intratemporal FN were included. Primary outcome measures included margin status and recurrence.ResultsThe mean duration of clinical follow-up was 49 months, and the most common presenting symptom was FN paresis (n = 23; 77%) followed by pain (n = 15; 50%). To obtain a proximal FN margin, 27 patients (90%) underwent mastoidectomy, and 3 patients (10%) had lateral temporal bone resection. The intratemporal FN margin was cleared in 26 patients (87%), most commonly in the mastoid segment (60%). Adjuvant therapy was given in 25 patients (83%). Ten patients (33%) experienced locoregional (4; 13%) and/o...
Total joint replacement in osteoarthritis

Surgical approaches have been developed for most of the sites of osteoarthritis, including the carpal metacarpal and first metatarsal phalangeal joint, the hips, knees, shoulders, ankles and elbows. This chapter will address surgical options for advanced osteoarthritis of the hips and knees and will focus primarily on total hip and knee replacement.
Schedule-induced behaviors: Effect of intermittent water reinforcement on food intake and body temperature

Schedule-induced hyperphagia failed to occur in water-deprived rats under conditions that produce an exaggerated increase in water intake and other behaviors in food-deprived animals. Neither the frequency of meals nor the amount of food consumed resembled a schedule-induced eating pattern. Thwarting a consummatory response need not lead to an increase in ancillary behavior. Hypothalamic temperature was elevated during a meal, and this increase was greater the longer the meal.
Role of the Global Transcriptional Regulator PrrA in Rhodobacter sphaeroides 2.4.1: Combined Transcriptome and Proteome Analysis

The PrrBA two-component regulatory system is a major global regulator in Rhodobacter sphaeroides 2.4.1. Here we have compared the transcriptome and proteome profiles of the wild-type (WT) and mutant PrrA2 cells grown anaerobically in the dark with dimethyl sulfoxide as an electron acceptor. Approximately 25% of the genes present in the PrrA2 genome are regulated by PrrA at the transcriptional level, either directly or indirectly, by twofold or more relative to the WT. The genes affected are widespread throughout all COG (cluster of orthologous group) functional categories, with previously unsuspected "metabolic" genes affected in PrrA2 cells. PrrA was found to act as both an activator and a repressor of transcription, with more genes being repressed in the presence of PrrA (9:5 ratio). An analysis of the genes encoding the 1,536 peptides detected through our chromatographic study, which corresponds to 36% coverage of the genome, revealed that approximately 20% of the genes encoding these proteins were positively regulated, whereas approximately 32% were negatively regulated by PrrA, which is in excellent agreement with the percentages obtained for the whole-genome transcriptome profile. In addition, comparison of the transcriptome and proteome mean parameter values for WT and PrrA2 cells showed good qualitative agreement, indicating that transcript regulation paralleled the corresponding protein abundance, although not one for one. The microarray analysis was validated by direct mRNA measurement of randomly selected genes that were both positively and negatively regulated. lacZ transcriptional and kan translational fusions enabled us to map putative PrrA binding sites and revealed potential gene targets for indirect regulation by PrrA.
Review of the Status of the FASTBUS Standard Routine Specification

Within the next few months the FASTBUS Software Working group hopes to distribute the Specification for Standard Routines for FASTBUS. The draft specification will go to the members of the overseeing NIM committee for review. This paper presents the current status of the specification. It includes a list of the goals of the specification; some details of the concepts embedded in it; as well as an overview of the software implementations of the previously distributed draft versions of the specification.
Discussion: Effectiveness of Ion Vapor-Deposited Aluminum as a Primer for Epoxy and Urethane Topcoats

Abstract F. Mansfeld discusses “Effectiveness of Ion Vapor-Deposited Aluminum as a Primer for Epoxy and Urethane Topcoats,” by J.F. McIntyre and L. Hang, which was published in Corrosion 50, 1 (1994): pp. 26–38. A reply from McIntyre follows.
Eye care in African Americans with type 1 diabetes: the New Jersey 725.

Abstract Objective To examine the use of ophthalmologic care by African Americans with type 1 diabetes. Design Cross-sectional study between 1993 and 1997. Participants Seven hundred twenty-two African Americans with type 1 diabetes. Methods A structured clinical interview was conducted to determine (1) the frequency of annual dilated eye examinations, health insurance, use of an ophthalmologist, and reasons for lack of eye care; and (2) factors associated with having a dilated eye examination by an ophthalmologist during the previous year. All patients also underwent a detailed ocular examination, including masked grading of 7-field stereoscopic fundus photographs. Results One third of the patients had never been examined by an ophthalmologist. Of those who had eye care, almost half did not have a regular ophthalmologist. During the previous 12 months, only 42% of patients had had a dilated eye examination by an ophthalmologist, despite the fact that approximately three fourths of the patients had been told to do so. The 2 most common reasons given for not seeing an ophthalmologist during the previous year were not having any eye problem (57.6%) and cost (23%). Patients more likely to have had a dilated eye examination by an ophthalmologist during the previous year were married, had higher socioeconomic status, had previously been told about annual dilated eye examinations, and had previously been diagnosed with either a cataract or proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Conclusions A large percentage of African Americans with type 1 diabetes do not receive adequate eye care. Screening for diabetic retinopathy and improved access to ophthalmologists are needed to improve eye care in this ethnic group.
Connotatively Consistent and Reversed Connotatively Inconsistent Items are Not Fully Equivalent: Generalizability Study:

This article redefines what has been referred to as "negatively worded items" in the literature. The new term—"connotatively inconsistent items"—is more nearly accurate because it has a broader base for generalization. Using generalizability theory with a sample of 102 graduate students, the study showed that connotatively consistent and reversed connotatively inconsistent items were not fully equivalent.
Whispering gallery mode operation in airgap vertical cavity laser structure

Whispering gallery mode operation has been observed from a broad-area oxide-confined tunable vertical cavity laser structure which uses an airgap between the top mirror and the semiconductor active layer. Strong index guiding from both the air gap and the AlAs native oxide supports this mode of operation over a wide range of injection currents.
92. A Pilot Intervention to Improve Sexually Transmitted Infection Testing for Urban Adolescents

Methods: Eligibility criteria for the study included HIV serostatus, 12 to 29 years of age, use of personal cell phone, English-speaking, and currently on ART regimen, but with poor adherence. Participants agreed to a 24-week (6-month) enrollment period and provided their own cell phone for receipt of messages. Assessments were scheduled for 6, 12, 18, and24-week follow-upperiods. Descriptive anddistributional analyses were performed to describe the sample and evaluate outcomes of interest. For assessment of pre-post changes in adherence levels, scores were compared using a t test for aired samples, with a significance level set at p .05. esults: The participants (n 25) were mean age 23 (range 12-29), 92% male, 60% Black and 84% reported acquiring HIV through unprotected sex. Mean adherence scores on the VAS significantly increased at 12 and 24 weeks in comparison to baseline (0-12 weeks: mean baseline 74.7, mean ollow-up 93.3; p .01; 0-24-weeks: mean follow-up score 93.1; p .01; n 22). Mean CD4 counts increased andmean iral loads decreased from 0-12 and 0-24 weeks. Particiants were very satisfied with the invervention, 80% (n 0) of participants. reported that the text messages helped hem very much, to avoid missed doses of medication; 56% n 14) reported that the reminders help them very much ithmedication refills; and 60% (n 15) said it helped them very much to remember follow-up medical appointments. In addition, 64% (n 16) reported that they prefer to receive the text reminders as part of their care in comparison to regular care with no text messages and 68% (n 17) said they would like to continue to receive text messages after the end of study. With regard to feasibility, 21 of 25 participants (84%) were retained and completed all assessments with no paid staff to provide retention services. At 24-week follow-up, 68% participants (n 17) reported that they received all daily text message reminders and 80% (n 20) indicated that they always, or often read their text message reminders. Only 16% (n 4) of participants found the mesages to be always or sometimes bothersome and 80% (n 0) reported that the messages respected their privacy very uch. onclusions: This pilot study demonstrates that daily text essaging is a feasible and acceptable way to remind HIVositive youth with poor adherence to ART to take their edications and there was a significant increase in adhernce rates post-intervention. Larger studies including a conrol group and youth who are newly starting ART will be eeded to show the potential effect of this intervention to mprove adherence. ources of Support: None.
Influence of hot surface size on methaneair ignition temperature

An experimental system which will provide repeatable temperature-time profiles for methane-air ignition experiments is described. Tests to determine the effect of surface size on ignition temperature are reported.
Experimental study of economic model predictive control in building energy systems

This paper presents results from testing an economic model predictive control (EMPC) strategy in an office building located in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA. The control strategy includes an economic objective function that is designed to account for the combination of energy and demand costs under a time-of-use (TOU) rate structure. A min-max optimization problem is formulated and solved as a linear program. The tests were carried out with the controller sited in a remote location and with the loop being closed over the Internet. The results show that the EMPC strategy was successful at reducing energy costs compared to the baseline case for the considered building.
Thermally driven nonlinear oscillations in one-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic flow

Shock wave formation due to nonlinear vibrations in tube containing fluid subjected to transverse magnetic field with plane heater at midsection and externally supplied energy
Milk Yield, Sire Selection Profitability, and Selection Error Costs

Objectives were to determine effect of herd milk yield on profitability of sire selection and cost of selection errors by ignoring this information. Net present values of semen were calculated for alternative herd averages for milk, selection policies, conception rates to first service, and generations of descendants in the financial planning horizon for real interest of 3%. Predicted Differences for milk, fat, and type score and retail semen prices were for the 440 AI Holstein sires active and available for purchase after the July 1985 USDA Sire Summary. Herd averages for milk yield were low ( 9499 kg). Optimal sires for low yield herds were 1.1 to 1.6 SD more profitable when used in average yield herds and they were 3.0 to 4.5 SD more profitable when used in herds with highest average milk. Cost of sire selection errors was inconsequential when information about herd average milk yield for either policy was ignored. However, the 20 optimal sires selected either for high or low herds but used instead in the opposite environment were .5 SD less profitable than correct choices for the 3 to 1 selection policy. Ten of the 20 most profitable bulls differed between these herd situations. Thus, accurate use of herd average milk yield information can reduce the cost of sire selection errors for selection policies including type score.
Stalking the Legal Lexicon of International Relations

International Law: A Dictionary. By Boleslaw A. Boczek Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press, 2005. 477 pp., $110.00 (ISBN: 0-8108-5078-8). Words have particular meanings and convey particular ideas. But communication is neither simple nor straightforward. “‘When I use a word,’ Humpty Dumpty said, in rather a scornful tone, ‘it means just what I choose it to mean—neither more nor less’” (Carroll 1954:209). This attitude that words should mean exactly what we intend points up the need for special reference works—we call them dictionaries—that list words or concepts along with their objective meanings, histories, and contexts. Dictionaries are serious educational tools that aim to improve knowledge and explain the use of words, concepts, and phrases. They are distinguished by alphabetical organization and a particular mode of use—that is, dictionaries are meant for consultation on a need-to-know basis, as opposed to perusal from beginning to end. Modern international law contains an immense and growing body of rules, norms, and regulations that reaches virtually all aspects of international intercourse. Moreover, international organizations have contributed mightily to the composition of modern international law as a pervasive, organized system of cooperation. Nonetheless, the lexis for international law, like language in general, is hardly so precise that it can measure up to Humpty Dumpty's expectations, as expressed to Alice in Lewis Carroll's Through the Looking Glass . The vast array of concepts, terms, and principles of international law sometimes seems like alien discourse—not only because foreign words and phrases are often key concepts but also because legal language is often subject to varied interpretations. It is this combination of factors that highlights the intrinsic value of Boleslaw Boczek's International Law: A Dictionary , an encyclopedic work that marks the culmination of a lifetime of learning and teaching international law. Boczek is ably qualified to craft such a magnum opus . Prior to World War II, he studied law at Jagiellonian University in Cracow, Poland. After …
Gene expression in the mixotrophic prymnesiophyte, Prymnesium parvum, responds to prey availability

The mixotrophic prymnesiophyte, Prymnesium parvum, is a widely distributed alga with significant ecological importance. It produces toxins and can form ecosystem disruptive blooms that result in fish kills and changes in planktonic food web structure. However, the relationship between P. parvum and its prey on the molecular level is poorly understood. In this study, we used RNA-Seq technology to study changes in gene transcription of P. parvum in three treatments with different microbial populations available as potential prey: axenic P. parvum (no prey), bacterized P. paruvm, and axenic P. parvum with ciliates added as prey. Thousands of genes were differentially expressed among the three treatments. Most notably, transcriptome data indicated that P. parvum obtained organic carbon, including fatty acids, from both bacteria and ciliate prey for energy and cellular building blocks. The data also suggested that different prey provided P. parvum with macro- and micronutrients, namely organic nitrogen in the form of amino acids from ciliates, and iron from bacteria. However, both transcriptomic data and growth experiments indicated that P. parvum did not grow faster in the presence of prey despite the gains in nutrients, although algal abundances attained in culture were slightly greater in the presence of prey. The relationship between phototrophy, heterotrophy and growth of P. parvum is discussed.
Human resource development and sustainability: beyond sustainable organizations

This conceptual paper draws upon the theory of the risk society to develop three propositions that argue that Human resource development (HRD) and sustainability lie in a mutually co-constructive relationship. While many have critiqued HRD for its scant attention to sustainably, this paper identifies how three models of HRD including strategic HRD, critical HRD, and holistic HRD currently respond to the ideologies that vie to define the sustainability project. It is argued here that if HRD scholars and practitioners are more deliberate in their relationship with sustainability, they will encounter new and powerful conceptual and ethical frameworks to address the long standing tension in the field. As HRD grapples with sustainability they will need to address its own developmental dilemmas, which may give rise to a new HRD; one that is more aligned with the dilemmas of today's complex, global society.
Proteomic and Biochemical Evidence Support a Role for Transport Vesicles and Endosomes in Stress Response and Secondary Metabolism in Aspergillus parasiticus

Aflatoxin is among the most potent naturally occurring carcinogens known. Previous studies demonstrated that endosomes in the filamentous fungus Aspergillus parasiticus carry enzymes that catalyze the final two steps in aflatoxin synthesis, and these structures also play a role in aflatoxin storage and export. We hypothesized that endosomes house a complete and functional aflatoxin biosynthetic pathway. To address this hypothesis, we purified a cellular fraction containing endosomes, transport vesicles, and vacuoles (V fraction) from A. parasiticus grown under aflatoxin inducing and noninducing conditions. We also added (fed) aflatoxin pathway intermediates to V fraction to test the functional status of aflatoxin pathway enzymes. High throughput LC–MS/MS analysis of proteins in V fraction detected 8 aflatoxin enzymes with high reliability and 8 additional enzymes at lower reliability, suggesting that most aflatoxin pathway enzymes are present. Purified V fraction synthesized aflatoxin and addition of the ...
Expanding the policy dimension of farming systems research

Abstract The contribution of economics to farming systems research (FSR) has usually been restricted to the microeconomic analysis of alternative agricultural production technologies. In the traditional approach to FSR, macroeconomic variables and government policies are treated as exogenous. This paper discusses one method for expanding the policy analysis dimension of FSR. The policy analysis matrix method allows for the explicit treatment of macroeconomic and sectoral policies, and it builds logically on the wealth of technical and microeconomic data traditionally utilized in FSR. Examples from Portuguese agriculture are used to illustrate the method.
The lightning threat to aerospace vehicles

During 1984, the U.S. Air Force Wright Aeronautical Laboratories and the Federal Aviation Administration conducted a lightning measurement program flying a CV-580 aircraft in the vicinity of the Kennedy Space Center, FL. The aircraft was flown in thunderclouds where the regions of precipitation did not exceed 40 dBz between 2000 and 18,000 ft. The aircraft was instrumented to measure the current flow on the wingtips, the displacement and surface current densities on the fuselage and on the wings, the electrostatic field, and the VHF radiation during direct lightning attachment. The transient electromagnetic characteristics of lightning attachments were recorded using six Tektronix 7612D waveform digitizers with sample rates of 5 ns and a Honeywell 101 analog recorder with a 2 MHz frequency response. Data from 21 direct lightning attachments were recorded in the CV-580 aircraft during the program. The maximum displacement and surface current densities measured in the aircraft digital acquisition system during direct lightning attachments were 22 A/m and 2950 T/s, respectively. The maximum charge and action integrals calculated from the analog data collected during direct lightning attachments were about 100 C and 2.9xl0 A-s, respectively. This paper presents the characteristics of the fast transient pulses, the overall characteristics of the lightning flashes, and their relationship with the MIL-STD-1757A test qualification waveform.
LORENZ EQUATION AND CHUA’S EQUATION

The dynamical properties of two classical paradigms for chaotic behavior are reviewed—the Lorenz and Chua’s Equations—on a comparative basis. In terms of the mathematical structure, the Lorenz Equation is more complicated than Chua’s Equation because it requires two nonlinear functions of two variables, whereas Chua’s Equation requires only one nonlinear function of one variable. It is shown that most standard routes to cbaos and dynamical phenomena previously observed from the Lorenz Equation can be produced in Chua’s system with a cubic nonlinearity. In addition, we show other phenomena from Chua’s system which are not observed in the Lorenz system so far. Some differences in the topological geometric models are also reviewed. We present some theoretical results regarding Chua’s system which are absent for the Lorenz system. For example, it is known that Chua’s system is topologically conjugate to the class of systems with a scalar nonlinearity (except for a measure zero set) and is therefore canonical in this sense. We conclude with some reasons why Chua’s system can be considered superior or more suitable than the Lorenz system for various applications and studies.
Robustness to non-normality of the null distribution and power of the durbin-watson test in regressions with and without an intercept *

Robustness to non-normality of the errors of both the null distribution and power of the Durbin-Watson (DW) test is examined in linear regression models with and without an intercept. Nominal critical regions (i.e., critical regions assuming the errors to be normal) are obtained exactly by numerical integration following Imhof (1961), and the actual critical regions when the errors are non-normal are obtained by simulation with 10,000 replications. A variety of non-normal errors and regressors are examined. It is found that the tests against the alternatives of positive lag-1 autocorrelation are relatively robust except in the case of regressions without an intercept and the regressors are stationary. In this case, the tests reject more often than that suggested by their nominal levels if the error distributions are highly skewed. The tests against the alternatives of negative lag-1 autocorrelation are found to be non-robust to skewed error distributions and in these cases, the tests reject far less often...
Enhanced synthesis of specific proteins, RNA, and DNA caused by hypoxia and reoxygenation.

Abstract When Chinese Hamster ovary cells were exposed to severe hypoxia they responded with an enhanced synthesis rate of a small group of specific proteins, which we have termed the oxygen regulated proteins (ORPs). The five major ORPs had molecular weights of 33, 80,100,150, and 260 kD. ORP260 was the first ORP to be synthesized at enhanced rates after the induction of hypoxia, reaching its maximal synthesis rate after only a few hours. The other ORPs responded slower, but were being synthesized at maximal rates by 8 hr of hypoxia. Upon reoxygenation, the synthesis rates of the ORPs declined rapidly with ORP260 again responding most rapidly. They all reached control levels by 12 hr of recovery. The induction of enhanced synthesis of these proteins required a very severe degree of hypoxia. They were not seen at oxygen levels higher than 0.03%. While enhanced synthesis of the ORPs was turned on and off quickly with induction of, and recovery from hypoxia, the proteins were not degraded at high rates once synthesized. All five major ORPs have apparent half-lives in excess of 24 hr. When cells were exposed to hypoxia for 20 hr and then allowed to recover for 15 hr, a population of cells was generated that had, on average, at least twice the cell volume as aerobic control cells. These large cells also contained greater than 4C DNA content as well as enhanced amounts of RNA.
Academic engagement of hospitality students

Abstract Student academic engagement has been researched over the years, drawing limited conclusions and suggestions for improvement. In this study, researchers utilized National Survey for Student Engagement data from a large Midwestern university to examine the academic engagement of hospitality management students and compared their engagement to business students. It was found that 50% of the participating hospitality students spent 11 h or more each week preparing for classes. For both groups, finances were reported as the biggest obstacle to academic progress. The research study provides an examination of hospitality students’ academic engagement. Suggestions are presented for hospitality educators.
Is there conscious choice in directed mutation, phenocopies, and related phenomena? An answer based on quantum measurement theory

In a previous article (Goswami, 1997), it was suggested that an application of quantum measurement theory under the auspices of a monistic idealist ontology (that consciousness is the ground of being) can solve many difficult problems of neo-Darwinism, e.g., alternating rapid creativity and homeostasis observed in evolution and the directionality, origin, and nature of life. In this article, we propose an epigenetic quantum mechanism to explain the connection of developmental processes and evolution, as has been evidenced in such controversial phenomena as directed mutation and phenocopies. *** DIRECT SUPPORT *** A31BB026 00003