cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pediatric Combat Trauma

Military physicians have amassed tremendous experience treating children with combat-related injuries in Iraq and Afghanistan. This review will present several treatment principles adapted from adult trauma care that were applied to children in war and consider their selective application in civilian practice. Many standard practices of adult trauma care were applied to the management of war-injured children. Initial reports of tourniquet use, tranexamic acid administration, and balanced blood transfusion suggest a benefit to the pediatric population. Constraints of providing intensive care in an austere environment required a shift in management toward aggressive limb salvage over amputation, and early palliation for severe brain injury or extensive burns. Despite the obstacles that may limit the direct translation of trauma care principals to civilian settings, these wartime experiences offer robust and excellent preliminary data that might inform future investigations in the field of pediatric trauma care.
Extending the mass range of a miniature ion trap mass spectrometer using the inverse Mathieu q scan

Abstract The mass/charge range of a mass spectrometer operated in either the boundary or resonance ejection mode is usually limited by the highest radiofrequency (rf) voltage that can be attained, although lowering the resonance ejection Mathieu q value (qeject) can increase this range at the expense of resolution and unintended boundary ejection can result in spectral complexity. High voltage requirements are particularly troublesome for miniature instruments, which have tight electronic constraints and closely-spaced electrodes prone to discharging. Here we demonstrate an alternative approach to mass range extension based on a method of scanning the resonance ejection frequency nonlinearly in the form of an inverse Mathieu q scan. The results show an increase in mass range of up to 3.5 times on both a benchtop LTQ linear ion trap and the Mini 12 miniature linear ion trap mass spectrometer without instrumental modifications, and unit resolution is observed on the benchtop instrument by controlling the scan rate and minimizing space charge effects.
A high-power-density single-phase inverter with pulse current injection power decoupling method

This paper presents high-power-density inverter with pulse current injection power decoupling method. In order to reduce the dc-link capacitor significantly, dc-link current is fully analyzed with double Fourier method in theory. Compared with the traditional 2nd harmonic power decoupling method, the pulse current injection method considers not only 2nd order harmonic but also the higher order harmonics. As a result, it can further reduce the dc-link capacitor value. The relationship between the dc-link capacitor value and different order harmonics has been investigated and analyzed. It shows that when dc-link capacitor value is reduced to one critical value, traditional 2nd harmonic power decoupling method is limited. Finally, one novel pulse current injection method is proposed and verified by simulation.
Effects of fiber gripping methods on single fiber tensile test using Kolsky bar

Preliminary data for testing fibers at high strain rates using the Kolsky bar test by Ming Cheng et al. [1] indicate minimal effect of strain rate on the tensile stress-strain behavior of poly (p-phenylene terephathalamide) fibers. However, technical issues associated with specimen preparation appear to limit the number of samples that can be tested in a reasonable time. In addition, under the Kolsky bar testing condition fiber fracture may occur at the interface between the fiber and adhesive rather than in the gage section. In this study, the authors investigate the effects of different gripping methods in order to establish a reliable, reproducible, and accurate Kolsky bar test methodology for single fiber tensile testing. As many single fiber tests have been carried out associated with ballistic research, we compare the Kolsky bar test results with the quasi-static test results to determine the tensile behavior over a wide range of strain rates.
A Coordinated Decentralized Control Method for the Economic Development of China

Abstract The macroeconomic system of the peoples Republic of China can be thought of аs a multistage production/inventory system, when viewed from a material flow standpoint, Based on a hybrid control strategy for multistage production systems, a strategy to control China’s economic “overheat” is proposed. The basic idea is to control the material production instead of using monetary and financial control. Finally, a new system of market economy under the guidance of central planning is recommended to replace the current two-tier plan/market system in China. It may have advantages over both pure market systems and centrally planned systems in structure.
Myasthenia gravis: new developments in research and treatment.

Purpose of reviewMyasthenia gravis, a rare disorder of the neuromuscular transmission, is increasingly acknowledged as a syndrome more than as a single disease. This review summarizes recent advances in pathophysiology which confirm the disease heterogeneity, and may help find disease-targeted and p
Teaching interprofessional collaborative care skills using a blended learning approach

Abstract A blended learning approach using both asynchronous and synchronous learning was designed to overcome common barriers to interprofessional education (IPE). Health care professional learners are expected to meet the Core Competencies for Interprofessional Collaborative Practice set forth by the Interprofessional Education Collaborative (IPEC), to better prepare them for team-based care with the goal of improving patient safety and population health outcomes. Our curricular resource describes a longitudinal curriculum designed to provide knowledge and skills application towards meeting IPEC competencies for early learners of five graduate-level health professional programs (dentistry, medicine, nursing, pharmacy, and physical therapy) at a large academic medical center. Many barriers to implementation of IPE curricula have been reported, including scheduling, space and time for training, matching levels of learners, faculty development, and institutional buy-in. The format of the curriculum consisted of five quarterly sessions comprised of a one-hour online module for content delivery, and a 2-hr facilitated face-to-face small group session for skills application. Each session addressed one of the IPEC competency domains, including: interprofessional collaborative practice, roles and responsibilities, interprofessional communication, conflict management, and leadership/membership. Teaching strategies included expert interviews, videos, reflections, pair-share, role play, and group debrief. Interprofessional facilitators were matched with a group of 10–12 interprofessional learners. Learners completed the online module and pre-session assignments prior to the face-to-face sessions, and an online evaluation following the face-to-face sessions. Over 500 learners participated in the curriculum. Overall learners rated the sessions highly in achieving session objectives, and in general rated the value of the face-to-face sessions higher than the online modules.
Abstract 4097: Src-met signaling confers apoptosis resistance to the combination of BKM120 and erlotinib in head and neck cancer

Purpose: Molecularly targeted agents will play a major role in the next generation of personalized cancer therapies. However, intrinsic and acquired resistance to targeted agents poses challenges to the success of such treatments. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the intrinsic resistance of head and neck cancer (HNC) cell lines to apoptosis induced by the combination of EGFR inhibitor erlotinib and PI3K inhibitor BKM120. Methods: In a panel of 10 malignant and 1 premalignant HN cell lines, we evaluated cell growth inhibition (by SRB assay), IC50, combination index, dose reduction index (by CalcuSyn Software), and apoptosis (by Annexin-V staining). Protein expression levels were measured by Western blotting. Small molecule chemical inhibitors and siRNA-mediated knockdown strategies were used to inactivate and shut down the expression of the relevant proteins, respectively. Results: Single targeting of EGFR with erlotinib or PI3K with BKM120 (pan-PI3K inhibitor) suppressed cellular growth without inducing significant apoptosis. Co-targeting EGFR and PI3K demonstrated in vitro synergy in all except one cell line (based on combination index and dose reduction index) and more effectively inhibited HNC xenograft growth in vivo. The combination of erlotinib and BKM120 induced variable apoptosis: some cell lines were very sensitive (Tu686, 686LN, 93-VU-147T), some moderately (Fadu, SqCCy1, 1483, UMSSC90) and others were resistant (UD-SCC2, MSK-LEUK1, JHU022) to apoptosis induction. JHU022 and 1483 cell lines expressed very high levels of p-cMet. Targeting cMet with the small molecule inhibitor crizotinib or siRNA rendered these cell lines highly sensitive to erlotinib and BKM120 induced apoptosis. Moreover, inhibition of Src family kinases with the small molecule inhibitor dasatinib or with c-Src-specific siRNA inhibited p-cMet. In addition, inhibition of SFK in these cell lines conferred sensitivity to erlotinib and BKM120 induced apoptosis. Conclusions: Our results strongly suggest that co-targeting of EGFR and PI3K has synergistic activity, is effective in vivo, and induces apoptosis of some HNC cell lines. Two of the resistant cell lines express a high level of p-cMet as a downstream target of SFK, which confers resistance of these cells to the combination of erlotinib and BKM120. Citation Format: A.R.M. Ruhul Amin, Abu Anisuzzaman, Abedul Haque, Zhuo Chen, Dong Shin. Src-met signaling confers apoptosis resistance to the combination of BKM120 and erlotinib in head and neck cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4097. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-4097
Discordance, duplicity, and desire: conjoined twins in Dame Darcy’s Meat Cake

ABSTRACTThis article examines the characterisation of conjoined twins Hindrance and Perfidia within the fantastic story world of Dame Darcy’s Meat Cake. These comics expand roles and make room for twinned characters on terms differentiated from the constraints of past visual depictions of conjoined twins. The fanciful nature of this female-centric world normalises the twins’ anomalous bodies, thus allowing them to explore emotions and actions typically deemed off limits. Furthermore, connections are made between Hindrance and Perfidia and actual conjoined twins to indicate when Darcy’s representations speak back to ‘freak’ histories. Ultimately, via expressions of anger and sexuality and constructions of alternative female communities for both normative-bodied people and their conjoined brethren, the twins of Meat Cake enjoy a fluidity of identity rarely allowed in visual treatments of ‘freaked’ and Othered bodies.
Another look at zonal flows: Resonance, shearing, and frictionless saturation

We show that shear is not the exclusive parameter that represents all aspects of flow structure effects on turbulence. Rather, wave-flow resonance enters turbulence regulation, both linearly and nonlinearly. Resonance suppresses the linear instability by wave absorption. Flow shear can weaken the resonance, and thus destabilize drift waves, in contrast to the near-universal conventional shear suppression paradigm. Furthermore, consideration of wave-flow resonance resolves the long-standing problem of how zonal flows (ZFs) saturate in the limit of weak or zero frictional drag, and also determines the ZF scale. We show that resonant vorticity mixing, which conserves potential enstrophy, enables ZF saturation in the absence of drag, and so is effective at regulating the Dimits up-shift regime. Vorticity mixing is incorporated as a nonlinear, self-regulation effect in an extended 0D predator-prey model of drift-ZF turbulence. This analysis determines the saturated ZF shear and shows that the mesoscopic ZF wid...
Liability of Localness and Cross-Cultural Variance in Conspicuous Consumption: The Case of the Global Automotive Industry

Conspicuous consumption, a term coined by Thorstein Veblen in his celebrated treatise The Theory of Leisure Class (1899), refers to consumers’ extravagant spending on brands, products, and services which primarily, if not solely, aim to confer wealth, and thus signal status. Consumers are willing to pay prices for premium brands, even if their functionally equivalent and cheaper counterparts are widely available, since they covet the status associated with them (Bagwell and Bernheim 1996). Conceptualizations of conspicuous consumption are distinguished from, and hence sometimes are at odds with those of mainstream consumption as they go beyond explaining material needs and address consumers’ satisfaction of social needs (e.g., prestige and social status). In effect, studies on conspicuous consumption expand our overall understanding of consumer expenditure and decision making process by examining the atypical, “irrational” nature of such extravagant spending, which falls beyond the scope of “rational” theories of consumption such as the neoclassical theory of consumption (Trigg, 2001).
Planet-Scale Land Cover Classification with FPGAs

AI for Earth puts Microsoft's cloud and AI tools in the hands of those working to solve global environmental challenges. Land cover mapping is part of Microsoft's AI for Earth program, which was created in order to fundamentally change the way that society monitors, models, and ultimately manages Earth's natural resources. To power the land cover mapping work, DNNs are used to perform land use classification using tens of terabytes of high-resolution satellite images from National Agriculture Imagery Program (NAIP). However, Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) are challenging to infer cost-effectively, and deploy in large-scale online services with low latencies and price/performance. Microsoft Project Brainwave is a hardware architecture designed to enable high performance real-time AI computations, and the architecture is deployed on field programmable arrays (FPGAs). This wave of hardware innovation will fundamentally transform latencies and price-performance for large scale use of DNNs. In this session, we will walkthrough how FPGAs are used within Microsoft, and how we can tap the power of FPGAs for real-time AI. We will share the secrets of how we are able to perform land cover classification on 20 terabytes of high-resolutions satellite images from NAIP in ten minutes, at the rate of over 415,000 inferences/second.
Mediterranean diet pattern and sleep duration and insomnia symptoms in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis

Sleep duration and sleep quality are important predictors of risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). One potential link between sleep health and CVD is through lifestyle factors such as diet. To clarify the association between diet and sleep, we assessed the associations of sleep duration and insomnia symptoms with current Mediterranean-style diet (aMed) and with historical changes in aMed score. Actigraphy-measured sleep duration and self-reported insomnia symptoms categorized as insomnia with short sleep (<6 hr/night), insomnia without short sleep, no insomnia with short sleep, and no insomnia or short sleep were obtained from 2068 individuals who also had dietary intake data. A 10-point aMed score, derived from a self-report food frequency questionnaire, was collected concurrently with the sleep assessment and 10 years before. Compared with individuals who currently reported a low aMed score, those with a moderate-high aMed score were more likely to sleep 6-7 vs. <6 hr/night (p < 0.01) and less likely to report insomnia symptoms occurring with short sleep (vs. no insomnia or short sleep alone; p < 0.05). An increase in aMed score over the preceding 10 years was not associated with sleep duration or insomnia symptoms. However, compared with those with decreasing aMed score, individuals with an unchanging score reported fewer insomnia symptoms (p ≤ 0.01). These results suggest that a Mediterranean-style diet is associated with adequate sleep duration, less insomnia symptoms, and less likely to have insomnia accompanied by short sleep. Further research should identify possible mediators through which diet may promote adequate sleep duration and reduce the risk of insomnia.
Network models for characterization of trabecular bone

Trabecular bone is a lightweight, compliant material organized as a web of struts and rods (trabeculae) that erode with age and the onset of bone diseases like osteoporosis, leading to increased fracture risk. The traditional diagnostic marker of osteoporosis, bone mineral density (BMD), has been shown in ex vivo experiments to correlate poorly with fracture resistance when considered on its own, while structural features in conjunction with BMD can explain more of the variation in trabecular bone strength. We develop a network-based model of trabecular bone by creating graphs from micro-computed tomography images of human bone, with weighted links representing trabeculae and nodes representing branch points. These graphs enable calculation of quantitative network metrics to characterize trabecular structure. We also create finite element models of the networks in which each link is represented by a beam, facilitating analysis of the mechanical response of the bone samples to simulated loading. We examine the structural and mechanical properties of trabecular bone at the scale of individual trabeculae (of order 0.1 mm) and at the scale of selected volumes of interest (approximately a few mm), referred to as VOIs. At the VOI scale, we find significant correlations between the stiffness of VOIs and 10 different structural metrics. Individually, the volume fraction of each VOI is most strongly correlated to the stiffness of the VOI. We use multiple linear regression to identify the smallest subset of variables needed to capture the variation in stiffness. In a linear fit, we find that node degree, weighted node degree, Z-orientation, weighted Z-orientation, trabecular spacing, link length, and the number of links are the structural metrics that are most significant ($pl0.05$) in capturing the variation of stiffness in trabecular networks.
Predicting Emotionally Salient Regions Using Qualitative Agreement of Deep Neural Network Regressors

Automatic emotion recognition plays a crucial role in various fields such as healthcare, human-computer interaction (HCI) and security and defense. While most of previous studies have focused on the recognition of emotion in isolated utterances, a more natural approach is to continuously track emotions during human interaction, identifying regions that are highly emotional. This study proposes a framework to define emotionally salient regions (hotspots), which we then attempt to dynamically detect. Our proposed approach defines hotspots relying on the qualitative agreement (QA) method, which searches for trends across continuous-time evaluations provided by different raters for arousal and valence. We illustrate the benefits of the QA method over averaging absolute values of the traces without considering trends across evaluators. After defining hotspot regions, we propose a deep learning framework to automatically detect these emotional hotspots. The proposed method relies on an ensemble of bidirectional long short term memory (BLSTM) regressors, trained on individual emotional traces provided by the evaluators, which are combined to automatically detect emotional hotspots. An appealing fusion approach to combine these regressors is to rely again on the QA method, which detects emotional salient regions with F1-scores as high as 60.9 percent for arousal and 50.4 percent for valence on the RECOLA dataset.
Heterogeneous Hypoxia-Mediated Neutrophil and Red Blood Cell Adhesion to E-Selectin in Microscale Flow

Abstract Hypoxia promotes red blood cell (RBC) sickling, oxidative stress, systemic endothelium activation, vascular inflammation, and activation of coagulation in sickle cell disease (SCD), which results in a malicious cycle contributing to the progression of vaso-occlusion and other consequent clinical manifestations, such as acute chest syndrome and ischemic injuries. In the multistep and multicellular paradigm of vaso-occlusion, recruitment of neutrophils and adhesion of sickle RBCs to activated endothelial cells are critical in initiating this cascade of events. To better understand the role of hypoxia in this pathophysiological process, we assessed the adhesion profiles of RBCs and neutrophils to immobilized e-selectin utilizing blood samples from a clinically diverse patient population with SCD. Blood samples were collected from 11 subjects with homozygous SCD (HbSS) and 5 normal subjects (HbAA). Prior to the experiments, whole blood samples were mixed with Hank's balanced salt buffer solution modified with calcium and magnesium (1:1 v/v). A total volume of 25 µl blood sample was perfused through each e-selectin immobilized microchannel under both normoxic and hypoxic (7.5% oxygen level) conditions using SCD Biochip microfluidic adhesion assay [1, 2]. Blood perfusion was followed by a rinse with Hank's buffer solution at 1 dyne/cm2 corresponding to the typical shear stress levels observed in post-capillary venules. Thereafter, neutrophil adhesion, neutrophil rolling, neutrophil-platelet aggregation, and RBC adhesion data were obtained and analyzed. E-selectin functionalized microchannels supported neutrophil adhesion as well as neutrophil rolling when flowing normal blood samples, where we observed higher adhesion and rolling rates in hypoxia (Fig. 1A). SCD subjects were categorized into two distinct groups based on their adhesion profiles: Group 1: hypoxia-enhanced neutrophil adhesion without significant RBC adhesion (N=7), and Group 2: hypoxia-reduced RBC adhesion with marginal neutrophil adhesion (N=4) (Fig. 1B). We find that both normal and SCD neutrophil adhesion to e-selectin is significantly enhanced under hypoxic conditions (Fig. 1C, p
INTERNAL DOSIMETRY OF 75Se-METHIONINE

75Se-methionine is in limited use for radioisotopic visualization of the pancreas and parathyroid glands. Also, 75Se in the form of sodium selenate is a promising means for estimating the extracellular fluid volume. Some dosimetry studies have been reported, but present estimates of the pertinent radiologic dosimetric factors show discrepancies. It is thus important to determine more accurately the radiation hazard of 75Se in order to assist in the evaluation of its usefulness in medical diagnostic procedures. A detailed determination of the γ-coefficient and average β-energy per disintegration has been carried out using experimental data whenever possible, and theoretical values where experimental data are unavailable. The γ-coefficient was calculated to be 1.925 r/mCi hr at 1 cm; the average energy from electrons and β-type radiation (Ēβ), was calculated to be 12.8 keV/dis. Some biological distribution studies in animals limited to short time periods (< 24 hr) have been reported. We have made a long term investigation (70 days) of 75Se-methionine metabolism in rats. These investigations show a disproportionality high amount of 75Se in the gonads which only becomes apparent after about 15 days. Since the gonadal deposition of this radioactive element could be a function of the stage of reproductive ability of the organism, experiments have been conducted to evaluate the gonadal uptake and retention as a function of age of the organism. Results of these experiments and the relation to radiation dose in humans will be presented.
Data-driven space planning: using Suma to collect data

Library users frequently make individual requests to staff about how they would like us to improve the services and resources, but it can be difficult to prioritize such requests. To proactively understand how we can improve our library, library staff undertook a comprehensive assessment of spaces and resources using Suma. Virtual Projects are published on an annual basis in the Journal of the Medical Library Association (JMLA) following an annual call for virtual projects in MLAConnect and announcements to encourage submissions from all types of libraries. An advisory committee of recognized technology experts selects project entries based on their currency, innovation, and contribution to health sciences librarianship.
Political and Social Roots of Economic Vices and Virtues: Evidence from Mexico - Executive Summary

This thesis consists of three essays on the understanding of political, social and industrial organization as roots of economic vices such as corruption and virtues such as social capital formation.The first essay is "The Organization of Corruption". We study how corruption between the State and the private sector is organized. Exploiting differences in the political and industrial organization across states in Mexico, we explore how party permanency and industry structure determine the extent of corruption. Using microlevel data, we find that the political clout affects corruption in a non-linear manner. Corruption is higher for high and low levels of party permanency, and lower for intermediate levels. We also find that firms endowed with larger rents are more likely to corrupt officials in exchange for economic shelter, except when permanency seems unlikely.The second essay is "Social Capital as Collateral in Microfinance". I explore the role of social capital as a form of collateral in microfinance programs, exploiting differences in levels of social capital across communities in Mexico. Social capital seems to serve as a form of collateral, as individuals in communities with higher levels of social capital are able to access larger loans, ceteris paribus. Clients with stronger direct ties to their peers also seem to have a higher borrowing capacity. Finally, social capital has a positive impact on clients' access to alternative sources of credit, and on their access to information on credit opportunities.The third essay is "Social Ties and the Limits of Mutual Help in Microfinance". I look at the role of social ties in determining dropout rates from microfinance programs. Mutual help imposed by joint liability is especially taxing on safer borrowers, increasing their likelihood of dropping out. I test the hypothesis that the sustainability of mutual help arrangements in the face of risk heterogeneity depends on the possibility of transfers between clients, which is facilitated by social ties. I find that strength-of-ties reduces the likelihood of dropping out, and increases the likelihood of peers helping each other. Relatively safer clients and clients with better outside options drop out more often, but the strength of social ties mitigates this effect, increasing the degree of heterogeneity that safer clients tolerate.
The McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica: a geological, environmental, and ecological analog to the Martian surface and near surface

Abstract The surface of Mars is universally thought to have experienced widespread cold and dry environmental conditions for at least the last half of its geologic history, with more modern studies suggesting relatively cold and dry conditions early in its geologic history as well. However, the paucity of liquid water and mean annual temperatures well below the freezing point of water do not necessarily mean a complete cessation of all water-related geologic activity at the Martian surface. Over the past several decades, investigations in the McMurdo Dry Valleys (MDV) of Antarctica have revealed a dynamic geological, environmental, and ecological system resulting from locally optimized conditions operating over repeated, albeit brief, intervals during summer months. In this chapter, we compare the hyper-arid and hypo-thermal environments of the MDV and the modern Martian surface and discuss three unique enigmas that demonstrate how the Antarctic is a valuable analog to better understand processes on Mars.
The Rise of China and the Decline in Inequality

In this chapter we look at two of the major phenomena of the twenty-first century in Latin America. One is the impact of the growing Chinese economy and the resulting Commodity Supercycle. The second is the falling level of poverty, the growth of the middle class, and the decline in income inequality. In order to understand these events, we introduce the Gini coefficient and discuss the rise of leftist governments and new forms of government redistribution policies.
Interfacial thermal transport in spin caloritronic material systems

Interfaces often govern the thermal performance of nanoscale devices and nanostructured materials. As a result, accurate knowledge of thermal interface conductance is necessary to model the temperature response of nanoscale devices or nanostructured materials to heating. Here, we report the thermal boundary conductance between metals and insulators that are commonly used in spin-caloritronic experiments. We use time-domain thermoreflectance to measure the interface conductance between metals such as Au, Pt, Ta, Cu, and Al with garnet and oxide substrates, e.g., NiO, yttrium iron garnet (YIG), thulium iron garnet (TmIG), ${\mathrm{Cr}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$, and sapphire. We find that, at room temperature, the interface conductance in these types of material systems range from 50 to $300\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{MW}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{m}}^{\ensuremath{-}2}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{K}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. We also measure the interface conductance between Pt and YIG at temperatures between 80 and 350 K. At room temperature, the interface conductance of Pt/YIG is $170\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{MW}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{m}}^{\ensuremath{-}2}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{K}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ and the Kapitza length is \ensuremath{\sim}40 nm. A Kapitza length of 40 nm means that, in the presence of a steady-state heat current, the temperature drop at the Pt/YIG interface is equal to the temperature drop across a 40-nm-thick layer of YIG. At 80 K, the interface conductance of Pt/YIG is $60\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{MW}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{m}}^{\ensuremath{-}2}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{K}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, corresponding to a Kapitza length of \ensuremath{\sim}300 nm.
ERCC1 and TS Expression as Prognostic and Predictive Biomarkers in Metastatic Colon Cancer.

In patients with metastatic colon cancer, response to first line chemotherapy is a strong predictor of overall survival (OS). Currently, oncologists lack diagnostic tests to determine which chemotherapy regimen offers the greatest chance for response in an individual patient. Here we present the results of gene expression analysis for two genes, ERCC1 and TS, measured with the commercially available ResponseDX: Colon assay (Response Genetics, Los Angeles, CA) in 41 patients with de novo metastatic colon cancer diagnosed between July 2008 and August 2013 at the University of California, San Diego. In addition ERCC1 and TS expression levels as determined by RNAseq and survival data for patients in TCGA were downloaded from the TCGA data portal. We found that patients with low expression of ERCC1 (n = 33) had significantly longer median OS (36.0 vs. 10.1 mo, HR 0.29, 95% CI .095 to .84, log-rank p = 9.0x10-6) and median time to treatment to failure (TTF) following first line chemotherapy (14.1 vs. 2.4 mo, HR 0.17, 95% CI 0.048 to 0.58, log-rank p = 5.3x10-4) relative to those with high expression (n = 4). After accounting for the covariates age, sex, tumor grade and ECOG performance status in a Cox proportional hazard model the association of low ERCC1 with longer OS (HR 0.18, 95% CI 0.14 to 0.26, p = 0.0448) and TTF (HR 0.16, 95% CI 0.14 to 0.21, p = 0.0053) remained significant. Patients with low TS expression (n = 29) had significantly longer median OS (36.0 vs. 14.8 mo, HR 0.25, 95% CI 0.074 to 0.82, log-rank p = 0.022) relative to those with high expression (n = 12). The combined low expression of ERCC1/TS was predictive of response in patients treated with FOLFOX (40% vs. 91%, RR 2.3, Fisher’s exact test p = 0.03, n = 27), but not with FOLFIRI (71% vs. 71%, RR 1.0, Fisher’s exact test p = 1, n = 14). Overall, these findings suggest that measurement of ERCC1 and TS expression has potential clinical utility in managing patients with metastatic colorectal cancer.
Availability of outpatient methadone maintenance

Background Multiple forms of effective treatment for opioid use disorders (OUDs) exist, but they have remained in short supply and have been underutilized where available. Simultaneously, OUDs persist as a large and growing public health problem across the United States, leading to epidemic levels of overdose death as well as many other damaging societal consequences. Our goal was to assess the current state of the U.S. substance abuse treatment system and measure its capacity for treating OUDs. Focusing on outpatient methadone maintenance therapy (OPMM), an effective but less frequently studied treatment in recent years, we investigated two primary questions about privately-run substance abuse treatment facilities: 1) What facility-level characteristics best predicted the provision of OPMM? 2) How much of the variation in OPMM availability was attributable to differences between states?
Metropolitan Growth Patterns and Socio‐Economic Disparity in Six US Metropolitan Areas 1970–2000

Widening socio-economic disparities between urban and suburban communities have increasingly concerned urban scholars and policymakers. This is because growing disparities may be associated with the socio-economic exclusion of disadvantaged households from jobs, housing and public services. However, existing empirical studies have not sufficiently addressed the importance of regional growth patterns that are associated with socio-economic disparity and polarization within metropolitan areas. After identifying the intra-metropolitan subareas of six metropolitan areas and utilizing longitudinal census data from 1970 to 2000, this research investigated intra-metropolitan socio-economic disparity and polarization in terms of income, class and race within six metropolitan areas exhibiting different regional growth trends and patterns. The primary focus of this research is the relationship between socio-economic disparity and regional growth trends as well as patterns that pertain to both urban sprawl and compact development. The key findings of this study indicate that while metropolitan areas with compact development patterns show a relatively lower level of intra-metropolitan socio-economic disparity and polarization, those with urban sprawl exhibit a higher level over time, despite endogenous differences in each metropolitan area. Finally, this study discusses the issue of causality among spatial patterns and socio-economic disparities as well as policy implications for promoting metropolitan growth patterns aimed at socio-economic integration and balanced metropolitan growth.
Oracle Spatial, Geometries

A geometry in Oracle Spatial can be one of the following1: • Point • Linestring connecting two or more points • Polygon specified as a closed linestring and indicating an area bounded by the linestring (with zero or more holes inside the outer bounding linestring) • Multipoint collection • Multiline collection consisting of unconnected linestrings • Multipolygon collection consisting of nonoverlapping polygons, or • Heterogeneous collection consisting of a mixture of point, linestring, and/or polygon geometries Each geometry can be specified in the context of a spatial reference system, also referred to as a coordinate system. Typical coordinate systems are local or geographic. Geographic coordinate systems are geodetic or projected. Whereas local and projected coordinate systems operate in an Euclidean space, geodetic coordinate systems operate on the Earth’s surface. Geometry data in Oracle Spatial can be stored using (1) the SDO_GEOMETRY data type or using (2) the SDO_TOPO_GEOMETRY data type. Whereas the SDO_ GEOMETRY type stores the geometry as is, the SDO_ TOPO_GEOMETRY stores it using simple topological primitive elements such as nodes, edges and faces. The latter representation allows for shared representation of edges (and other elements) between different feature geometries. For instance, a line (or edge) can be shared between the boundary of a land parcel as well as a road segment. The advantages of such shared representation are (1) the ease of topology management across multiple features: changes in the nodes, edges and faces automatically reflect in the higher-level geometry features; (2) elimination of redun-
Mechanical testing machine stiffness: Part II—Application to data reduction

Abstract It is shown how mechanical testing machine stiffness can be used in the reduction of load-time. data to stress and strain, for constant crosshead-speed machines and for constant strain-rate machines. This technique, of explicitly calculating values of machine stiffness and using these values in data reduction, is compared to the frequently used method of measuring offset times, from the initial slope line of the load-time trace, and using these times to calculate points on a stress-strain curve. The differences between the two methods are small unless the change of machine stiffness during a test may be determined. When this is possible—and tests can nearly always be conducted so that it is possible—the technique in this work is superior to earlier, approximate methods. It is superior in accuracy of data reduction and in the fact that strain rates for all data points are more accurately calculated.
Visualizing the Uncertainty of Urban Ontology Terms

The concept of exurban is an example of a term likely to find its way into urban development ontologies. Many such terms are uncertain since there is no consensus of the exact definition of e.g. the boundary of exurbanization. In this research we focus on visualizing the spatial implications of the uncertainty in two existing definitions of exurban boundaries using empirical GIS data in Delaware County, Ohio, U.S. We argue that exurban boundaries are not crisp, hence, a series of fuzzy-set theory membership functions help define the uncertainty of the empirical exurban boundaries.
A Review of Major Influences on Employee Retirement Investment Decisions

The recent retirement plan debacle of the Enron employees has caused regulators and lawmakers to think about new ways to protect and help retirement plan participants. When investigating participant investment decisions, researchers have traditionally studied the retirement plan characteristics and employee characteristics. More recently, some researchers have extended the analysis to social influences, such as social norms and peer affects. Others have expanded into behavioral finance and examined the role of various psychological biases. This paper combines and summarizes these four sets of influences so that researchers and policy makers can better understand all the influences affecting an employee when making retirement plan contribution and investment decisions.
Impact of Cliff and Ord on the Housing and Real Estate Literature

The works of Cliff and Ord have had a major impact on empirical practices in real estate. Cliff and Ord proposed both techniques for detecting as well as modeling spatial dependence. Because the existence of spatial dependence is almost assured in real estate data, their most important contribution was feasible means of estimating spatial models. The full implications of these ideas and the numerous modeling techniques spawned by their seminal works have not been fully explored and provide numerous opportunities for future research.
Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120 bifA gene encoding a sequence-specific DNA-binding protein cloned by in vivo transcriptional interference selection.

Abstract VF1 is a DNA-binding protein from the cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120. VF1 was originally identified on the basis of its binding affinity to the upstream region of xisA, which encodes a heterocyst-specific site-specific recombinase. VF1 also binds to the glnA, rbcL, and nifH promoters in vitro, suggesting that VF1 interacts with genes expressed in both vegetative cells and heterocysts. The role of VF1 in regulating gene expression in PCC 7120 is unknown. As a step towards the goal of understanding the role of VF1 in regulating gene expression, we have cloned the bifA gene by using a genetic selection strategy. bifA encodes a protein, BifA, that has chromatographic and DNA-binding properties indistinguishable from those of VF1. The cloning strategy was based on a transcriptional interference assay in which a strong synthetic promoter, conII, interferes with the expression of an aadA gene, which provides resistance to spectinomycin and streptomycin (S. J. Elledge, P. Sugiono, L. Guarente, and R. W. Davis, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86:3689-3693, 1989). A selection plasmid, pAM994, which has the conII promoter negatively regulated by a VF1-binding site, was used to enrich for VF1-producing clones from an expression library containing PCC 7120 DNA fragments. Mobility shift assays were used to identify a 672-bp open reading frame that encoded VF1-like binding activity. The deduced BifA amino acid sequence shows 77% identity to NtcA, which is a global regulator involved in nitrogen control in Synechococcus sp. strain PCC 7942. Both BifA and NtcA belong to the cyclic AMP receptor protein (CRP) family of prokaryotic regulatory proteins. Genes similar to envM, hisB, and ORF60-5 were found near the bifA gene.
Strong evidence of surface tension reduction in microscopic aqueous droplets

[1] The ability of airborne particles to take up water may be enhanced by surface-active components, but the importance of this effect is controversial because direct measurement of the surface tension of microscopic droplets has not been possible. Here we infer droplet surface tension from water uptake measurements of mixed organic-inorganic particles at relative humidities just below saturation (99.3–99.9%). The surface tension of droplets formed on particles composed of NaCl andα-pinene ozonolysis products was reduced by 50–75%, but only when enough organic material was present to form a film on the droplet surface at least 0.8 nm thick. This study suggests that if atmospheric particles are predominantly (≳80%) composed of surface-active material, their influence on cloud properties and thus climate could be enhanced, and their atmospheric lifetimes could be reduced.
A disk discrimination method for digital versatile disks using a fuzzy inference system

A fuzzy inference system (FIS) is proposed for the determination of an optical disk type in a DVD drive. This FIS optical disk determination algorithm relies on the physical properties of the reflecting layer of an optical disk, using a DVD and CD photo diode outputs, to discriminate between several disk types.
Respiratory System Simulations and Modeling

Simulators and models of the respiratory system range from simple mechanical devices to complex systems that include sophisticated computers. These systems have considerable utility in clinician education, guiding therapies, evaluating new devices and techniques, and in improving our understanding of the cardiorespiratory system. Simulators and models are of 3 types: signs-and-symptoms simulators, anatomic models, and physiologic models. Signs-and-symptoms simulators range from human actors to computer-controlled patient mannequins. Clinical scenarios, from minor abnormalities to catastrophic emergencies, can be simulated. As has been found with aircraft cockpit simulators, improved clinician performance in simulated emergencies should translate into improved performance in real patient-care situations. Anatomic modeling can simulate basic anatomy for training clinicians. Three-dimensional reconstruction of the airways, using real patient data, can help to plan therapy, understand the disease process, and warn of safety issues. Anatomic modeling with radiographs and magnetic resonance images, sometimes created using radiolabeled tracer gases, can create 3-dimensional images of regional lung anatomy and function. Physiologic signals such as carbon dioxide production, oxygen consumption, and washout/washin of various tracer gases can be used to model ventilation-perfusion and ventilation-volume relationships, and those models can improve understanding of disease processes and guide therapies.
Thermal expansion and magnetostriction of mixed valence and Kondo systems

Abstract The resonant level model for mixed valent and concentrated Kondo systems is solved self-consistently taking into account the volume dependence of the resonant level position and width. A volume dependent level position is required to fit the thermal expansion and magnetostriction data of the mixed valent compound CeSn3. A volume dependent level width is required to fit the thermal expansion and magnetostriction of the Kondo compound CeAl3.
Eye lesions in domestic fowl reared under continuous light

Abstract Extreme buphthalmos developed in galliform birds, maintained under continuous light from the time of hatching and throughout the growing period. Associated eye changes included reduced corneal curvature, smaller pupil, shallow iridocorneal angle and equatorial asymmetry of the eye. When such birds were maintained under continuous light for prolonged periods, their eyes became progressively more pathological, until blindness finally ensued in all birds by about two years of age.
Collisional broadening of CO absorption lines by foreign gases.

Collisional line broadening ability of various foreign gases relative to nitrogen for rotational lines in fundamental absorption band of carbon monoxide
Interactions of the mGluR5 gene with breeding and maternal factors on startle and prepulse inhibition in mice.

Sensorimotor gating, measured by prepulse inhibition (PPI), is a fundamental form of information processing that is deficient in schizophrenia patients and mice lacking the gene for metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5). Both breeding strategies and mothering behaviors are capable of influencing the behavioral phenotype of knockout (KO) mice. Previous studies found a PPI deficit and increased startle magnitudes in mGluR5 KO mice derived from homozygous matings. Here we compared the PPI of mGluR5 wildtype (WT) and KO mice derived from heterozygous matings to that seen in mice derived from homozygous matings. Possible influences of postnatal mothering behaviors were examined using two different methods of cross-fostering. The potential developmental nature of the PPI deficit of the mGluR5 KO mice was also addressed via acute administration of the mGluR5 antagonist 2-methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)-pyridine (MPEP)to C57BL/6J mice. The mGluR5 KO mice exhibited reduced PPI independently of breeding strategy or postnatal mothering behavior. Startle magnitude, however, varied with breeding strategy. The PPI deficit seen in the mGluR5 KO mice is not mimicked by acute administration of an mGluR5 antagonist, and is therefore most likely due to compensatory alterations in neuronal circuitry occurring during development independent of maternal behaviors in the postnatal environment.