cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sources of Variability

Abstract Objective.—To determine the magnitudes and sources of analytic variation in testing for therapeutic drugs. Specifically, among laboratories using the same analytic method, to compare the within-laboratory variation (including both short- and long-term variation) with the between-laboratory variation. Design.—Four identical challenges were prepared from a lyophilized pool of spiked sera and were sent in pairs 4 months apart to laboratories participating in a nationwide proficiency-testing program. For each of 25 drugs, the variability in reported results from laboratories using the same method was investigated using nested analysis of variance. Setting.—The first 2 mailings of the College of American Pathologists Therapeutic Drug Monitoring Survey, 1996, sets Z and ZM. Main Outcome Measures.—For each drug, total variance was partitioned into within- and between-laboratory components for common methods. The within-laboratory component was further partitioned into short- and long-term components. Pa...
An Overlooked Lens: Applying Structuration Theory, Actor-Network Theory, and Theories of Space to Service-Learning

Although service-learning is clearly a social phenomenon involving interactions between people in social environments, little scholarly attention has been given to the ways in which sociological theories illuminate how service-learning is enacted and sustained in schools. This conceptual article takes a fresh (and perhaps overdue) look at academic service-learning (both K-12 and higher education) through three sociological lenses: Anthony Giddens’ structuration theory, Bruno Latour’s actor-network theory, and Henri Lefebvre’s theories on the production of space. The article describes each theory as it relates to the understanding, initiation, implementation, institutionalization, and study of service-learning. The theories highlight important aspects of academic service-learning, including areas that other theories have missed such as how service-learning actors must exploit enabling aspects of school structures and spaces to overcome constraints, the importance of non-human agents in service-learning programs, and challenges service-learning advocates face in reconfiguring school spaces for service-learning. The author also describes and examines limits of each theory as well as implications for research and practice.
The Children's Cliff — Extending CHIP

In a rare bipartisan move, Congress has extended the Children's Health Insurance Program, a vital safety-net program, for 2 years. But CHIP will go back up for a funding extension in 2017, and a new president and Congress will reconsider its fate.
The Principal Principle: Optimal Modification of Distressed Home Loans

Lenders will often restructure a loan rather than foreclose on a property because it is less value-destroying. A loan modification primarily entails a change in the loan rate, principal balance and/or remaining time to maturity. We analyze optimal loan modification schemes in a stochastic home price and stochastic interest-rate environment. Lenders maximize their loan values by managing the value of the borrower's option to default on the loan and prepayment option. We argue that, controlling for the borrower's ability to pay, loan modifications via rate reductions and maturity extensions are ineffective, leading to dissipation in loan value to the lender, and resulting in a high probability of re-default by homeowners even after modification of their loans. In contrast, loan write-downs (the Principal Principle), not a favored recipe, and sometimes prohibited by covenants, are value-maximizing for the lender. A useful structuring device, the shared appreciation mortgage, enhances the ability to pay, mitigates adverse selection, and reduces the present value of expected deadweight foreclosure costs.
Posterior sternoclavicular Salter-Harris fracture-dislocation in a patient with unossified medial clavicle epiphysis

Sternoclavicular injuries are relatively rare, composing less than 1 % of all musculoskeletal fractures or dislocations. When sternoclavicular injuries do occur, they typically present as an isolated dislocation of the sternoclavicular joint without associated fracture of the clavicle or manubrium. However, in patients with unfused medial clavicle physis, sternoclavicular joint injuries can present as a fracture-dislocation through the unfused physis. These physeal injuries are important to recognize as the displaced epiphysis can block reduction of the sternoclavicular joint. We present a case of a 15-year-old female basketball player presenting with suspected sternoclavicular joint injury after sustaining a direct blow to the left shoulder. An initial shoulder CT confirmed the presence of the clinically suspected posterior sternoclavicular dislocation without fracture identified. An MRI of the left sternoclavicular joint was then performed for suspected physeal fracture, which confirmed the presence of a fracture through the medial clavicle physis with anterior displacement of the unossified epiphysis, blocking reduction of the metaphysis. Given the findings on MRI, the pediatric orthropedic surgeon was able to counsel the family of the high likelihood of failed closed reduction of the sternoclavicular joint requiring conversion to open reduction and internal fixation. The patient underwent successful open reduction and internal fixation of the medial clavical physeal fracture after an initial gentle attempt at closed reduction was unsuccessful.
Web Real-Time Communication System based on OpenID Security Authentication

WebRTC(Web real-time communication) is the product from the rapid development of Internet application,and for its advantages of lightweight,cross-platform and conformability to the concept of cloud computing,would become the development trend of real-time communication. However,for lack of universal identification systems,some security hidden-didden-dangers still exist in WebRTC. This article discusses in detail the Web-based OpenID technology. This technology is used in WebRTC system for the user's ID authentication. The experiment results indicate that OpenID is suitable for the identification of WebRTC,and its Web-based concept is consistent with that of WebRTC. This is of certain reference for the design of authentication system in WebRTC standard.
Hygiene Monitoring of Cooked Meat Products in Qingyuan City during 2006-2010

[Objective]To understand the food hygiene of cooked meat products,to analyze the influencing factors of hygienic status,and provide evidence for developing scientific management measures..[Methods]Microbiological examination was based on the GB/T 4789-2003 "Methods for Microbiological Examination of Food Hygiene",and the data was analyzed statistically.[Results]A total of 4 001 samples were tested,with the total qualified rate of40.19%.The qualified rate of cooked meat with sauce(42.58%) was higher than the barbecue cooked meat(38.64%).The qualified rate was highest in the 4th Quarter(55.65%),and lowest in the 3rd Quarter(29.73%).The qualified rate was highest in 2010(85.00%),followed by 2006(49.59%),2007(38.44%) and 2008(33.67),the lowest rate appeared in 2009(30.12%).[Conclusion]Hygienic status of cooked meat products is poor in Qingyuan City.Hygienic supervision and management should be strengthened to improve the hygienic level of cooked meat products.
Characterization of Photodiode Nonlinearities by Output Frequency Analysis

We introduce a new technique for characterizing nonlinear behavior in photodiodes and illustrate its use for second order intermodulation distortion (IMD). For a given operating point (bias voltage and dc current), we construct a frequency-dependent nonlinear coefficient and plot it versus the output frequency of the IMD product. We find that for large ranges of operating points, the nonlinear coefficient falls on the same single curve, regardless of whether it was a sum, high difference, or low difference frequency plan that created the tone. Additionally, we found evidence of scaling: Regions in which changes in the universal curve due to a change in bias voltage can be cancelled by a systematic change in the dc current. That is, the nonlinear coefficients for a family of bias/current pairs fall on the same curve in these regions. This method shows that standard characterization of nonlinearities, such as finding intercept points, can be efficiently organized. Furthermore, it implies that comparison of nonlinear behavior of different photodiodes can be made directly on a uniform basis.
Plasmapheresis—Adjunctive Treatment for Steroid-Resistant Rejection in Renal Transplantation

AbstractPlasmapheresis was used to treat steroid-resistant rejection in 32 of 154 patients (21.1 per cent) receiving renal allografts during a 3½-year interval. The 2-year actuarial patient and allograft survival rates for the 32 patients were 93.3 plus or minus 5 and 56.9 plus or minus 9 per cent, respectively. Mean patient followup was 18.8 months. No immunologic rebound was noted in any of the 19 patients who responded initially to plasma exchange. Although 14 of these 19 patients had peak creatinine levels of 4 to 14.5mg. per cent during the rejection reactions significant and sustained improvement in renal function was noted. This was not a controlled trial but the results are sufficiently encouraging to warrant continued evaluation of plasmapheresis as a therapeutic adjuvant in the treatment of humoral or steroid-resistant rejection.
Tissue-Specific Venom Composition and Differential Gene Expression in Sea Anemones

Cnidarians represent one of the few groups of venomous animals that lack a centralized venom transmission system. Instead, they are equipped with stinging capsules collectively known as nematocysts. Nematocysts vary in abundance and type across different tissues; however, the venom composition in most species remains unknown. Depending on the tissue type, the venom composition in sea anemones may be vital for predation, defense, or digestion. Using a tissue-specific RNA-seq approach, we characterize the venom assemblage in the tentacles, mesenterial filaments, and column for three species of sea anemone (Anemonia sulcata, Heteractis crispa, and Megalactis griffithsi). These taxa vary with regard to inferred venom potency, symbiont abundance, and nematocyst diversity. We show that there is significant variation in abundance of toxin-like genes across tissues and species. Although the cumulative toxin abundance for the column was consistently the lowest, contributions to the overall toxin assemblage varied considerably among tissues for different toxin types. Our gene ontology (GO) analyses also show sharp contrasts between conserved GO groups emerging from whole transcriptome analysis and tissue-specific expression among GO groups in our differential expression analysis. This study provides a framework for future characterization of tissue-specific venom and other functionally important genes in this lineage of simple bodied animals.
Alkaline stress and iron deficiency regulate iron uptake and riboflavin synthesis gene expression differently in root and leaf tissue: implications for iron deficiency chlorosis

Iron (Fe) is an essential mineral that has low solubility in alkaline soils, where its deficiency results in chlorosis. Whether low Fe supply and alkaline pH stress are equivalent is unclear, as they have not been treated as separate variables in molecular physiological studies. Additionally, molecular responses to these stresses have not been studied in leaf and root tissues simultaneously. We tested how plants with the Strategy I Fe uptake system respond to Fe deficiency at mildly acidic and alkaline pH by measuring root ferric chelate reductase (FCR) activity and expression of selected Fe uptake genes and riboflavin synthesis genes. Alkaline pH increased cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) root FCR activity at full Fe supply, but alkaline stress abolished FCR response to low Fe supply. Alkaline pH or low Fe supply resulted in increased expression of Fe uptake genes, but riboflavin synthesis genes responded to Fe deficiency but not alkalinity. Iron deficiency increased expression of some common genes in roots and leaves, but alkaline stress blocked up-regulation of these genes in Fe-deficient leaves. In roots of the melon (Cucumis melo L.) fefe mutant, in which Fe uptake responses are blocked upstream of Fe uptake genes, alkaline stress or Fe deficiency up-regulation of certain Fe uptake and riboflavin synthesis genes was inhibited, indicating a central role for the FeFe protein. These results suggest a model implicating shoot-to-root signaling of Fe status to induce Fe uptake gene expression in roots.
A new quality model for object detection using compressed videos

In distributed sensing systems that use compressed videos for video analysis tasks, the lossy compression of videos can damage the accuracy of object detection, which is an essential step for various vision applications. This paper aims at constructing a new quality model to predict the performance of object detection. To achieve this goal, a distorted video database is constructed by applying object detection algorithms on a variety of videos that are compressed with different levels of distortion. Based on the database, a parametric quality prediction model is built using features that can be easily obtained during the encoding process. Experimental results show that the model can achieve high accuracy in predicting the performance of object detection. The model introduces low computation cost and can be easily integrated in video encoders for rate-quality optimization.
Nondiffusive lattice thermal transport in Si-Ge alloy nanowires

We present a calculation of the lattice thermal conductivity of Si-Ge nanowires (NWs), based on solving the Boltzmann transport equation by the Monte Carlo method of sampling the phonon mean free paths. We augment the previous work with the full phonon dispersion and a partially diffuse momentum-dependent specularity model for boundary roughness scattering. We find that phonon flights are comprised of a mix of long free flights over several $\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{m}$ interrupted by bursts of short flights, resulting in a heavy-tailed distribution of flight lengths, typically encountered in L\'evy walk dynamics. Consequently, phonon transport in Si-Ge NWs is neither entirely ballistic nor diffusive; instead, it falls into an intermediate regime called superdiffusion where thermal conductivity scales with the length of the NW as $\ensuremath{\kappa}\ensuremath{\propto}{L}^{\ensuremath{\alpha}}$ with the exponent of length dependence $\ensuremath{\alpha}\ensuremath{\approx}0.33$ over a broad range of wire lengths $10\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}lLl10\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{m}$ regardless of diameter and roughness. We conclude that thermal conductivity in Si-Ge alloy NWs is length dependent up to $10 \ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{m}$ and therefore can be tuned for thermoelectric applications.
Inverse Solution for Bolt Preload Using Joint Surface Deformation

In this paper, an inverse bi-harmonic axisymmetric elasticity problem is solved by invoking measured out-of-plane surface deformation values at discrete locations around a preloaded bolt head, in order to calculate the under head contact stress and joint clamp load that would have caused that out-of-plane surface deformation. Solution of this type of inverse problem promises to improve the automation process of bolted joint system assembly, especially in critical and safety related applications. For example, a real-time optically measured joint surface deformation can be utilized for automating process control of bolted joint assembly in a reliable fashion. This would be a significant reliability improvement as compared to the commonly used method in mass production using torque-only control method in which there is wide scatter in the torque-tension correlation due to the normal scatter in frictional variables. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) method is used to validate the inverse problem solution provided in this paper.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Tunable Miniature Fluorescence Microscope that Takes Advantage of Chromatic Aberrations for Optical Detection

We developed a tunable miniature fluorescence microscope that takes advantage of chromatic aberrations to image samples with more than one fluorophore. We show that the system can image acridine orange stained whole blood samples.
Adenocarcinoma Ex–Goblet Cell Carcinoid of the Appendix With Metastatic Peritoneal Spread to Meckel’s Diverticulum and Endometriosis:

Adenocarcinoma ex-goblet cell carcinoid is a very rare and histologically unique appendiceal malignancy with dual glandular and neuroendocrine differentiation. There is a high incidence of this tumor among middle-aged women with metastasis to the gynecologic tract with the mode of metastasis following peritoneal spread rather than hematogenous distribution. Adenocarcinoma ex-goblet cell carcinoid can spread to any peritoneal site including ovaries or omentum. We report a 37-year-old healthy woman who initially presented with right lower quadrant abdominal pain and pseudomyxoma peritonei. Histopathology of the appendectomy specimen revealed an adenocarcinoma ex-goblet cell carcinoid, signet ring cell type. Follow-up right hemicolectomy, omentectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, and regional peritoneal resections revealed metastatic involvement by adenocarcinoma ex-goblet cell carcinoid, signet ring cell type. In this report, we describe a case of appendiceal adenocarcinoma ex goblet cell carcinoid with metastases to Meckel's diverticulum and areas of pelvic endometriosis, which have not been previously reported.
Syndemic conditions and HIV transmission risk behavior among HIV-negative gay and bisexual men in a U.S. national sample.

Objective The syndemics framework has been used to explain the high rates of HIV infection among gay and bisexual men. However, most studies have relied primarily on urban or otherwise limited (e.g., single location) samples. We evaluated the prevalence of syndemics-here, depression, polydrug use, childhood sexual abuse, intimate partner violence, and sexual compulsivity-among gay and bisexual men from across the United States, including nonurban areas. Method Using data from a national sample of 1,033 HIV-negative gay and bisexual men, demographic differences in the prevalence of each syndemic condition and associations with HIV transmission risk behavior were examined. Results More than 62% of men reported at least 1 syndemic condition. Prevalence did not vary by U.S. region-however, a larger proportion of nonurban men and those with lower income and education levels were above the median number of syndemic conditions. In bivariate analyses, HIV transmission risk behavior was associated with each syndemic condition except for childhood sexual abuse, whereas in multivariate analyses, it was associated with polydrug use, sexual compulsivity, being Latino, and being single and was highest among those reporting 3 or more syndemic conditions. Conclusions Rates of syndemic conditions among this national sample of gay and bisexual men were generally comparable to previous studies, however elevated rates in nonurban men suggest the need for targeted intervention and support. Links observed between syndemics and HIV transmission risk behavior highlight the ongoing need to address psychosocial concerns among gay and bisexual men in order to reduce their disproportionately high rates of HIV infection. (PsycINFO Database Record
On the Algebraic Approach to H∞ Control

Abstract This paper offers a self-contained algebraic approach to H∞ control and establishes the connections between the LMI approach and the algebraic Riccati equation approach. Most of the results in this paper are not new. However, we believe that the presentation given here may be of interest to those who are interested in teaching H∞ control to the audience with minimal mathematical background
Deciphering Conformational Changes Associated with the Maturation of Thrombin Anion Binding Exosite I

Thrombin participates in procoagulation, anticoagulation, and platelet activation. This enzyme contains anion binding exosites, ABE I and ABE II, which attract regulatory biomolecules. As prothrombin is activated to thrombin, pro-ABE I is converted into mature ABE I. Unexpectedly, certain ligands can bind to pro-ABE I specifically. Moreover, knowledge of changes in conformation and affinity that occur at the individual residue level as pro-ABE I is converted to ABE I is lacking. Such changes are transient and were not captured by crystallography. Therefore, we employed nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) titrations to monitor development of ABE I using peptides based on protease-activated receptor 3 (PAR3). Proton line broadening NMR revealed that PAR3 (44–56) and more weakly binding PAR3G (44–56) could already interact with pro-ABE I on prothrombin. 1H–15N heteronuclear single-quantum coherence NMR titrations were then used to probe binding of individual 15N-labeled PAR3G residues (F47, E48, L52, and D54). ...
Bone quality changes associated with aging and disease: a review

Bone quality encompasses all the characteristics of bone that, in addition to density, contribute to its resistance to fracture. In this review, we consider changes in architecture, porosity, and composition, including collagen structure, mineral composition, and crystal size. These factors all are known to vary with tissue and animal ages, and health status. Bone morphology and presence of microcracks, which also contribute to bone quality, will not be discussed in this review. Correlations with mechanical performance for collagen cross-linking, crystallinity, and carbonate content are contrasted with mineral content. Age-dependent changes in humans and rodents are discussed in relation to rodent models of disease. Examples are osteoporosis, osteomalacia, osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), and osteopetrosis in both humans and animal models. Each of these conditions, along with aging, is associated with increased fracture risk for distinct reasons.
The Motivational Climate and Intrinsic Motivation in the Rehabilitation Setting.

Context: The motivational climate created by the athletic trainer in rehabilitation may be critical in influencing athletes’ intrinsic motivation and other psychosocial outcomes in the rehabilitati...
Student, teacher, and classroom predictors of between-teacher variance of students’ teacher-rated behavior.

The current study examined between-teacher variance in teacher ratings of student behavioral and emotional risk to identify student, teacher and classroom characteristics that predict such differences and can be considered in future research and practice. Data were taken from seven elementary schools in one school district implementing universal screening, including 1,241 students rated by 68 teachers. Students were mostly African America (68.5%) with equal gender (female 50.1%) and grade-level distributions. Teachers, mostly White (76.5%) and female (89.7%), completed both a background survey regarding their professional experiences and demographic characteristics and the Behavior Assessment System for Children (Second Edition) Behavioral and Emotional Screening System-Teacher Form for all students in their class, rating an average of 17.69 students each. Extant student data were provided by the district. Analyses followed multilevel linear model stepwise model-building procedures. We detected a significant amount of variance in teachers' ratings of students' behavioral and emotional risk at both student and teacher/classroom levels with student predictors explaining about 39% of student-level variance and teacher/classroom predictors explaining about 20% of between-teacher differences. The final model fit the data (Akaike information criterion = 8,687.709; pseudo-R2 = 0.544) significantly better than the null model (Akaike information criterion = 9,457.160). Significant predictors included student gender, race ethnicity, academic performance and disciplinary incidents, teacher gender, student-teacher gender interaction, teacher professional development in behavior screening, and classroom academic performance. Future research and practice should interpret teacher-rated universal screening of students' behavioral and emotional risk with consideration of the between-teacher variance unrelated to student behavior detected. (PsycINFO Database Record
Are we ready for cyberterrorist attacks?—Examining the role of individual resilience

Abstract This study measures individual resilience to cyberterrorist attacks on financial systems and explores the antecedents of resilience. The research model integrates the resilience literature with the fear appraisal literature to address individuals’ fears of cyberterrorist attacks on financial systems. The model is tested using data collected through an online survey. The results show that (1) community support and family financial management significantly increase resilience toward cyberterrorist attacks, and (2) resilience to and fear of cyberterrorist attacks significantly influence individuals’ behaviors in handling their finances. This research helps IT practitioners to develop strategies to build cyber resilience capacities among individuals and communities.
Nonlinear Dynamics of Very High Dimensional Fluid-Structural Systems

The dynamics of mechanical systems of high dimension or many degrees of freedom will be discussed. The modeling of both fluid and structural systems will be considered with special emphasis given to fluid-structural or aeroelastic systems. Novel and effective theoretical and computational techniques will be considered and illustrative correlations with experimental results given. Also briefly considered will be nanoscale systems that are modeled at the molecular level using similar mathematical techniques. Aeroelastic systems are those that involved the coupled interaction between a convecting fluid flow and a flexible elastic structure. The nonlinear dynamical response of such systems is of great current interest. Currently operational aircraft are known to encounter limit cycle oscillations (LCO) in certain flight regimes and relatively simple experimental wind tunnel models have been designed to exhibit LCO as well. The LCO may be either beneficial or dangerous for the safety of the aircraft. The results of several wind tunnel experiments are discussed and compared to those from mathematical models. The physical models include (1) an airfoil with control surface freeplay; (2) a delta wing with structural geometrical nonlinearities due to plate-like deformations; and (3) a very high aspect ratio wing with geometrical structural nonlinearities due to coupling among torsional twist, transverse bending and fore-and-aft bending. In addition, the theoretical and computational advantages of modeling the aerodynamic flow field in terms of a set of global modes and also using a novel form of the harmonic balance method are emphasized. A recent theoretical result for large shock motions in a viscous transonic flow around an oscillating airfoil undergoing LCO is presented to illustrate the results to be obtained by such methods.
Therapeutic consequences of minimal neoplasia of the colon.

The diagnosis of minimal neoplasia of the colon may pose difficult choices for the responsible clinician as well as the patient. As diagnostic techniques become more specific and more accurate, the decision to intervene therapeutically and what type of therapy to employ may become increasingly difficult.
Spezielle Probleme bei Konstruktion und Betrieb von Pumpen

Man erhalt rechnerisch als Drosselkurve eine Parabel, deren Scheitel im allgemeinen rechts von der Ordinate liegt (Abb. 14.1). Das bedeutet, das die Forderhohe bei Fordermenge Null kleiner ist als die maximale Forderhohe (H 0 < H max). Durch Versuch festgestellte Drosselkurven von Pumpen mit niedriger spezifischer Drehzahl (n q < 20) haben angenahert die gleiche Form Man nennt den Bereich von Punkt B bis Punkt A (Abb. 14.1) den instabilen Bereich der Drosselkurve, weil hier bei geeigneter Widerstandscharakteristik Instabilitat eintreten kann. Bei rein statischer Widerstandscharakteristik ist ein stabiler Zustand nicht moglich. Aber auch dann, wenn die Widerstandskurven steiler als die Drosselkurve verlaufen, also keine Instabilitat im eigentlichen Sinne vorliegt, konnen unter besonderen Umstanden, beispielsweise beim Parallelarbeiten von zwei Pumpen, Schwankungen von Forderhohe und Fordermenge eintreten, wenn der Betriebspunkt zwischen A und D liegt. Schwankungen von Fordermenge und Forderhohe haben Schwankungen der Drehzahl und des Eingangsdrehmomentes zur Folge, und wenn die Frequenz der Schwingungen mit derjenigen des. angeschlossenen Rohrleitungssystems zusammenfallt, werden unangenehme mechanische Schwingungen der Rohrleitung hervorgerufen.
The Principal Subunit of Earthworm Hemoglobin is a Dodecamer of Heme-Containing Chains

The extracellular Hbs of the annelids are giant molecules with an acidic isoelectric point, a sedimentation coefficient of 60 S and a low iron content of 0.23 ± 0.03 wt.% (1-6). In addition, these Hbs have a symmetrical, hexagonal bilayer appearance in electron micrographs (7-9). The extracellular Hb of Lumbricus terrestris is the most well-studied Hb of the annelid group with an estimated M w of about 3,600 kDa (10). SDS-PAGE shows that it consists of four subunits: monomer, M (17 kDa), linkers, D1 and D2 (ca. 30 kDa) and trimer, T (50 kDa). The subunits M and T contain heme and consist of globin chains I and disulfide-bonded chains II, III and IV, respectively. The complete amino acid sequences of these chains are known (11-13). The D1 and D2 subunits contain very little heme, and consist of two chains, VA and VJ?, and of chain VI, respectively (14). Studies of the dissociation of Lumbricus Hb at alkaline pH (15), at acid pH (14) and at neutral pH in the presence of various dissociating agents (16) have shown that, although dissociation products having an estimated Mm of ca. 200 kDa were obtained under equilibrium conditions, they never had the same subunit composition as does the native Hb. To explain the results, a heteromultimeric model was proposed (16, 17) in which a “bracelet,” or scaffolding, of 30 kDa “structural” subunits having little or no heme is decorated by twelve complexes (each of ca. 200 kDa) of heme-containing subunits, each complex consisting of three copies of the monomer (17 kDa) and three copies of the disulfide-bonded trimer (51 kDa).
Dapagliflozin-Associated Euglycemic Diabetic Ketoacidosis in a Patient Presenting with Acute Pancreatitis

Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors are a class of medications used for glycemic control in type II diabetes mellitus. Their mechanism of action involves preventing resorption of glucose at the proximal kidney, thereby promoting glucosuria and weight loss. However, they have also been found to be associated with euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis (euDKA). This case describes a 25-year-old male with a history of type II diabetes on metformin, sitagliptin, and dapagliflozin who was admitted with his third episode of pancreatitis secondary to hypertriglyceridemia. His home oral glycemic agents were continued as inpatient. Despite tight euglycemic control, the patient developed profound metabolic acidosis and was found to have an elevated beta-hydroxybutyrate level and normal lactic acid level. He was admitted into the intensive care unit and started on an insulin drip, and after resolution of his acidosis he was transitioned to basal insulin successfully. He was discharged with an insulin regimen while his oral glycemic agents were discontinued indefinitely. SGLT-2 inhibitors are associated with euDKA, most likely as a result of their non-insulin-dependent glucose clearance, hyperglucagonemia, and decreased ketone clearance. The aim of this case report is to inform the physician about the possibility of euDKA in a patient with type II diabetes on a SGLT-2 inhibitor presenting with an acute illness.
Simple Nickel Salts for the Amination of (Hetero)aryl Bromides and Iodides with Lithium Bis(trimethylsilyl)amide

Recent developments in the chemistry of C–N bond formation and the synthesis of anilines have allowed for the use of first-row transition metals to catalyze these transformations. Much of the progress in this area has been driven by comprehensive screening for privileged/tailored ligands, which can be costly and not readily available in a research laboratory setting. In this communication we report a protocol in which simple nickel salts catalyze the C–N cross-coupling reaction between (hetero)aryl bromides and iodides with lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide without the need for any additive ligand. This method is amenable to low nickel catalyst loadings (1%) as well as gram-scale reactions. Because of the good functional group tolerance and compatibility with heterocyclic moieties, this method is useful for academic laboratory settings where access to tailored ligands and noble-metal catalysts could be challenging.
Percutaneous gastric tube placement: Comparison of trans-abdominal and trans-oral approach in patients with chronic ascites

Abstract Purpose The purpose of this study was to compare the trans-abdominal (TA) and trans-oral (TO) approaches for fluoroscopic-guided gastrostomy tube placement in patients with chronic ascites. Materials and methods A 10-year review of clinical imaging and medical records at a single institution identified 29 patients with chronic recurrent ascites who underwent gastrostomy (GT) or gastro-jejunostomy tube (GJT) placement. In 22 patients (18 women, 4 men) aged from 22 to 76 years of age (mean age, 57.7 ± 13.1 years), a GT or GJT was placed with the TO approach, and in 7 (7 women) from 31 to 86 years of age (mean age, 63 ± 16.8 years) with the TA approach. Results Technical success was 100% in both groups with one (1/22; 5%) immediate complication in the TO group. Fluoroscopy time was significantly greater in the TO group (P = 0.002). Leakage of ascites was significantly more frequent in the TA group (P = 0.04). There was no significant difference in bleeding or inflammation (P = 0.14 and P = 0.43, respectively). The cumulative tract related complication rate was significantly greater in the TA group (P = 0.03). Conclusion Fluoroscopy times and the overall incidence of tract-related complications, in particular leakage of ascites from the stoma, are more frequent in patients in chronic ascites who underwent TA gastrostomy tube placement compared to those who underwent TO placement.
Improved Image Processing in Quaternary Logic

Quaternary logic is a four-valued logic. In quaternary logic, the gray level of the image is divided into more levels. This helps to increase the resolution and to decrease the quantization error of the image than that in binary logic representation. This improvement is very essential for improvement of target detection, medical imaging, weather monitoring, environmental change detection, planetary and astrophysical imaging and other fields. There are different image inversions in quaternary logic, which are shown in this work. Besides this, successful image transmission through the bandwidth limited channel is also revealed in this work. The comparative study of Peak-Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) of the received image in this work shows better performance compared to other similar works.
Conceptualizing Relative Size and Entitativity of Sports Fan Community and Their Roles in Sport Socialization

Sport socialization research has revealed that a community is one of the most influential socializing agents. However, little is known about which aspects of a community promote sport socialization...
Cyber Physical Security Analytics for Anomalies in Transmission Protection Systems

Protection systems are one of the most critical components in the transmission system and are becoming more digital with ongoing automation. These digital systems are prone to vulnerabilities/attacks, and exploitation of these vulnerabilities may cause major impacts on the electric grid performance. Multiple alarms reported in the control center could be a result of the faults (expected operations) or failures in the protection system (anomalies/ unexpected operation). Situational awareness gained through sensors such as a phasor measurement unit (PMU) and data acquired through the cyber system provide an opportunity to develop continuous cyber-physical monitoring of the system. Note that relay data are not reported in the control center continuously. This paper presents a cyber-physical data analytics based technique to monitor transmission protection system and detect malicious activity. Initially, continuous monitoring of PMU data is utilized for data anomaly detection, which includes bad or missing data using long short-term memory (LSTM). Then, PMU data of interest are utilized for failure diagnosis, using a semisupervised deep autoencoder model. In this research, cyber anomalies are modeled by manipulating the setting/logic design of protective devices, and a ridge regression based classifier with a feature engineering pipeline is used to detect cyber anomalies. The results from the deep autoencoder model and ridge regression based classifier are then utilized for detailed investigation to find the root causes of the observed events assisted by the cyber log data from the protection devices. The algorithm is validated using a real-time simulation of the IEEE test system with industrial hardware relays and PMUs in the loop. Data analytics algorithm running on server utilizes these real-time data continuously for anomaly detection and classification for the developed use cases.
Postpartum Psychiatric Admissions in the United States.

Objective This study aimed to assess risk for postpartum psychiatric admissions in the United States. Study Design This study used the 2010 to 2014 Nationwide Readmissions Database to identify psychiatric admissions during the first 60 days after delivery hospitalization. Timing of admission after delivery discharge was determined. We fit multivariable log-linear regression models to assess the impact of psychiatric comorbidity on admission risk, adjusting for patient, obstetrical, and hospital factors. Results Of 15.7 million deliveries from 2010 to 2014, 11,497 women (0.07%) were readmitted for a primary psychiatric diagnosis within 60 days postpartum. Psychiatric admissions occurred relatively consistently across 10-day periods after delivery hospitalization discharge. Psychiatric diagnoses were present among 5% of women at delivery but 40% of women who were readmitted postpartum for a psychiatric indication. In the adjusted model, women with psychiatric diagnoses at delivery hospitalization were 9.7 times more likely to be readmitted compared with those without psychiatric comorbidity. Women at highest risk for psychiatric admission were those with Medicare and Medicaid, in lower income quartiles, and of younger age. Conclusion While a large proportion of psychiatric admissions occurred among a relatively small proportion of at-risk women, admissions occurred over a broad temporal period relative to other indications for postpartum admission.
Aortic Disease in Pregnancy

Pregnancy represents a unique physiologic period, with significant implications on the cardiovascular system (Wanga S, Silversides C, Dore A, Can J Cardiol 32:78–85, 2016). Although rare, aortic disease is a known potential complication of pregnancy. Aortic dissection and rupture can be of particular concern for pregnant women with underlying connective tissue disorders (Kamel H, Roman MJ, Pitcher A, and Devereux RB, Circulation 134:527–33, 2016). In the next chapter, we will explore aortic disease in pregnancy, including pathophysiology, epidemiology, and specific conditions. We will pay particular interest to aortic dissection and rupture, given the increased incidence in pregnancy, and the devastating potential consequences.
Role of Generated and Provided Visuals in Supporting Learning from Scientific Text

Abstract This study explored the role of learner-generated and instructor-provided visuals in learning from scientific text. 134 college students studied a lesson on the human circulatory system and then completed recall and transfer tests. Across two consecutive study periods, students were randomly assigned to either view a provided illustration twice (provided-provided), generate a drawing from the text and then revise their drawing (generated-revised), view a provided illustration and then generate a drawing (provided-generated), or generate a drawing and then view a provided illustration (generated-provided). Results indicated a group by learning outcome interaction: the generated-provided and provided-generated groups performed higher on the transfer test and lower on the recall test compared to the provided-provided group. Furthermore, spatial ability was positively associated with learning outcomes among students who generated drawings but not among students in the provided-provided group. Finally, the relationship between spatial ability and learning outcomes among students who generated drawings was mediated by drawing quality. These findings suggest that provided and generated visuals have unique effects on different learning outcomes, and spatial ability plays an important role in supporting learner-generated visuals.
Study on Mechanism and Characteristics of Particle Charging In Electrostatic Precipitator

Nowadays, Electrostatic precipitator (ESP) is an important large-scale equipment for reducing dust elimination and reducing pollution in industrial production. As the second working step of ESP, dust charging is very important, and its charge directly affects the subsequent work of the electrostatic precipitator and the dust removal efficiency. In this paper, the charging mechanism of dust particles in the discharge area of ESP is studied. The charge and its influencing factors of dust particles with different particle sizes under different mechanisms are analyzed. The research results have certain effect on how to increase the charge of dust particles. The research in this paper is of great significance to improve the dust removal efficiency of ESP.
Transcranial Photobiomodulation (tPBM) With 1,064‐nm Laser to Improve Cerebral Metabolism of the Human Brain In Vivo

Background and objectives In our previous proof-of-principle study, transcranial photobiomodulation (tPBM) with 1,064-nm laser was reported to significantly increase concentration changes of oxygenated hemoglobin (∆[HbO]) and oxidized-state cytochrome c oxidase (∆[oxi-CCO]) in the human brain. This paper further investigated (i) its validity in two different subsets of young human subjects at two study sites over a period of 3 years and (ii) age-related effects of tPBM by comparing sham-controlled increases of ∆[HbO] and ∆[oxi-CCO] between young and older adults. Study design/materials and methods We measured sham-controlled ∆[HbO] and ∆[oxi-CCO] using broadband near-infrared spectroscopy (bb-NIRS) in 15 young (26.7 ± 2.7 years of age) and 5 older (68.2 ± 4.8 years of age) healthy normal subjects before, during, and after right-forehead tPBM/sham stimulation with 1,064-nm laser. Student t tests were used to test statistical differences in tPBM-induced ∆[HbO] and ∆[oxi-CCO] (i) between the 15 young subjects and those of 11 reported previously and (ii) between the two age groups measured in this study. Results Statistical analysis showed that no significant difference existed in ∆[HbO] and ∆[oxi-CCO] during and post tPBM between the two subsets of young subjects at two study sites over a period of 3 years. Furthermore, the two age groups showed statistically identical net increases in sham-controlled ∆[HbO] and ∆[oxi-CCO]. Conclusions This study provided strong evidence to validate/confirm our previous findings that tPBM with 1,064-nm laser enables to increase cerebral ∆[HbO] and ∆[oxi-CCO] in the human brain, as measured by bb-NIRS. Overall, it demonstrated the robust reproducibility of tPBM being able to improve cerebral hemodynamics and metabolism of the human brain in vivo in both young and older adults. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2020 The Authors. Lasers in Surgery and Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Spices in a High-Saturated-Fat, High-Carbohydrate Meal Reduce Postprandial Proinflammatory Cytokine Secretion in Men with Overweight or Obesity: A 3-Period, Crossover, Randomized Controlled Trial

BACKGROUND Postprandial inflammation that occurs concurrently with hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia after ingestion of a high-saturated-fat, high-carbohydrate meal (HFCM) is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Numerous preclinical and clinical studies demonstrate anti-inflammatory effects of individual spices. However, the effect of consumption of a spice blend on inflammatory mediators has not been examined in a randomized controlled trial. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to investigate the postprandial effect of a blend of spices in a HFCM on inflammatory cytokine responses. METHODS Nonsmoking men (40-65 y old) with overweight/obesity (25 ≤ BMI ≤ 35 kg/m2), elevated waist circumference (≥ 94 cm), and ≥ 1 CVD risk factor were recruited for a 3-period crossover study ( n = 12). In random order, participants consumed the following: a HFCM (∼1000 kcal, 33% kcal from saturated fat and 36% kcal from carbohydrate), a HFCM containing 2 g spice blend, or an HFCM containing 6 g spice blend. The spice blend consisted of basil, bay leaf, black pepper, cinnamon, coriander, cumin, ginger, oregano, parsley, red pepper, rosemary, thyme, and turmeric. Blood was collected before, and hourly for 4 h after the HFCM. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated, and the percentage of CD14 +/Human Leukocyte Antigen-DR isotype + (HLA-DR +) monocytes and proinflammatory cytokine concentrations in plasma and LPS-stimulated PBMCs were quantified as secondary outcomes. RESULTS There was a significant spice-by-time interaction on IL-1β (P < 0.001), IL-8 (P = 0.020), and TNF-α (P = 0.009) secretion from LPS-stimulated PBMCs. IL-1β secretion from LPS-stimulated PBMCs was significantly reduced (1314%) at 240 min after HFCM consumption containing 6 g, but not 2 g, of spice blend compared with 0 g spice blend. CONCLUSIONS A HFCM containing 6 g spice blend attenuated HFCM-induced postprandial IL-1β secretion in men with overweight/obesity.This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03064958.
The Women's Health Initiative: A Landmark Resource for Skeletal Research Since 1992

The Women's Health Initiative (WHI) is a large longitudinal study designed to investigate strategies for the prevention and control of common chronic diseases in postmenopausal women, including cardiovascular disease, cancer, and osteoporotic fractures. The WHI consisted of three overlapping clinical trials of hormone therapy, diet modification to reduce total dietary fat, and calcium/vitamin D supplementation. Women who were ineligible for the hormone therapy or diet modification trials or not interested were invited to participate in the observational study. Women were recruited into WHI from 1993 to 1998 at 40 US clinical centers. WHI enrolled 26,046 underrepresented minority women and 135,762 white women. Women could participate in each trial if eligible. The final enrollment included 27,347 women in the hormone trial; 48,835 women in the diet modification trial; 36,282 women in the calcium/vitamin D trial, and 93,676 in the observational study. After the main study ended in 2005, women were invited to continue follow-up for exposures and outcomes through two extensions to 2020. Proposals were recently submitted to continue follow-up through 2027. Information was collected on an extensive number of risk factors for fractures at baseline and over the follow-up, including fall and fracture history, weight patterns, comorbidities, diet, reproductive history, medications, anthropometry, and biomarkers. Bone mineral density was measured at three WHI clinical centers (n = 11,020) chosen to maximize race/ethnic diversity. WHI encourages outside investigators to make use of the publicly available WHI data and to access the biobank of specimens (www.whi.org). © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.