cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Goal—directed equation solving

Solving equations in equational Horn-clause theories is a programming paradigm that combines logic programming and functional programming in a clean manner. Languages like EQLOG, SLOG and RITE, express programs as rewrite rules and use narrowing to solve goals expressed as equations. In this paper, we express equational goal solving by means of a logic program that simulates rewriting of terms. Our goal-directed equation solving procedure is based on "directed goals", and combines narrowing with a more top-down approach. We also show how to incorporate a notion of operator derivability to prune some useless paths, while maintaining completeness of the method.
The Place of Facts in a World of Values

I was sitting in my office at UCLA one beautiful fall morning in 1976 when there was a knock on my door. I opened it to see a young man in a dark three-piece suit. Dressed like that I knew he wasn’t a student or a faculty member. Must be a book salesman, bibles or encylopedias; thought he was in the social sciences building. I was wrong on all counts. He handed me a summons. I was being sued for $3,500,000 by a Richard Roe as part of a class action suit brought by Mark and Linda Sobell in the name of the former patients in their Patton State Hospital study. Additional defendents were Mary Pendery, Jack Fox who was the chief clinical psychologist at Patton, the medical director of Patton, the hospital, and UCLA, etc. When I closed my office door I didn’t realize that I was opening the door to a new career. How did I get into such a pickle? Entirely by chance.
Acid-Base Balance and Blood Gas Interpretation

Disorders in acid-base balance and oxygenation present some of the most challenging problems in the postoperative care of surgical patients. Proper management of these disorders is not possible without the understanding of basic blood gas interpretation and acid-base balance physiology.
The Relationship Between the Periodontal Microflora and Alveolar Bone Loss in Macaca Arctoides

Several investigators have studied intensively for the last five years the subgingival microflora associated with various clinical entities of human periodontal disease (13,16). These studies have all been cross-sectional in nature. Although of considerable interest, the available data cannot provide information as to whether an organism initiates, contributes to the progression of, or is secondary to the pathological changes.
Triggered Cell-Cell Fusion Assay for Cytoplasmic and Organelle Intermixing Studies

Different multicellular organisms undergo cell-cell fusion to form functional syncytia that support specialized functions necessary for proper development and survival. For years, monitoring the structural consequences of this process using live-cell imaging has been challenging due to the unpredictable timing of cell fusion events in tissue systems. Here we present a triggered vesicular stomatitis virus G-protein (VSV-G)-mediated cell-cell fusion assay that can be used to synchronize fusion between cells. This allows the study of cellular changes that occur during cell fusion. The process is induced using a fast wash of low pH isotonic buffer, promoting the fusion of plasma membranes of two or more adjacent cells within seconds. This approach is suitable for studying mixing of small cytoplasmic molecules between fusing cells as well as changes in organelle distribution and dynamics. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Desire for Sterilization Reversal Among U.S. Females: Increasing Inequalities by Educational Level.

Context For decades, high reliance on female sterilization in the United States has been accompanied by a high level of desire for sterilization reversal, and less-educated women have been more likely than better educated women to use the method and desire a reversal. Little is known about how levels of and educational differentials in such desire have changed in recent decades. Methods Data from 4,147 women who reported being sterile from a tubal sterilization in the 1995, 2002 and 2006-2010 waves of the National Survey of Family Growth were analyzed using chi-square and Wald tests and binary logistic regression analyses. Predicted probabilities were calculated to determine the likelihood of desire for procedure reversal by wave and educational level. Results The prevalence of desire for sterilization reversal rose by 41%, from 18% in 1995 to 23% in 2002 and 25% in 2006-2010. Overall, women with a bachelor's degree were less likely than those who had not finished high school to desire a reversal (odds ratio, 0.2), and this educational differential was larger in 2006-2010 than in earlier waves. Predicted probabilities indicate that 9% of sterilized women with less than a high school education and 8% of those with a bachelor's degree expressed a desire for procedure reversal in 1995, as did 15% and 3%, respectively, in 2006-2010. Conclusion Future research should consider how insurance coverage of all methods under the Affordable Care Act may affect use of sterilization and desire for reversal.
Parental attitudes following exposure to child abuse prevention campaign materials: a randomized trial

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to evaluate child abuse prevention campaign materials. Using a randomized posttest design, 600 parents from an online research panel were recruited and surveye...
Maternal Pre-Pregnancy Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Offspring and Grandoffspring Health: Bogalusa Daughters

Both maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and gestational weight gain have been associated with cardiovascular health in the offspring beyond two generations. A total of 274 daughters (aged 12–54) of 208 mothers who participated in the Bogalusa Heart Study were interviewed about their reproductive history. Mothers’ data was taken from the original study, and cardiovascular measures at the visit prior to pregnancy were correlated with daughter’s measures. Maternal pre-pregnancy BMI, skinfold, and waist circumference were examined as a predictor of daughters’ blood pressure, lipids, and glucose, as well as a predictor of birthweight and gestational age of grandchildren. Maternal pre-pregnancy BMI was associated with higher blood pressure and lower low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and cholesterol in the daughters. Most maternal cardiometabolic risk factors were not associated with grandchildren’s birth outcomes, even though higher cholesterol and LDL was associated with lower gestational age, and higher BMI and skinfold thickness with an increased risk of preterm birth. In this pilot study, some associations were found between maternal adiposity and cardiovascular risk, daughters’ cardiovascular risk, and grandchild birth outcomes. Lack of conclusive associations could be due to a true lack of effect, effects being primarily mediated through daughter’s BMI, or the low power of the study.
Magnetic resonance images and measurements of the volume, proportion, and longitudinal distribution of contractile and non-contractile tissue in the dorsi- and plantar flexor muscles of healthy young and older adults

This paper presents magnetic resonance images of the dorsi- and plantar flexor muscles for individual young and older healthy adults. Also included are measurements of the volume, proportion, and longitudinal distribution of contractile and non-contractile tissue. This dataset was previously used to quantify age-related differences in these measures, constrain subject- and muscle-specific estimates of dorsi- and plantar flexor maximal isometric force capability, and quantify the degree to which maximal isometric force capability explains the age-related variance in postural control. The data include contiguous axial magnetic resonance images of the lower leg for 12 young (21–31 years) and 12 older (66–79 years) healthy adults. The data are in the form of MATLAB binary files with a freely distributable custom MATLAB analysis program that allows image viewing and navigation in two and three dimensions, muscle outlining, tissue segmentation, and cross-sectional area calculation. The latter measurements are contained in a set of companion MATLAB binary files, which are included with the image data files. If desired, the magnetic resonance images could be used to identify other anatomical structures, or the MATLAB programs could be used to analyze other image sets.
Reduced Intensity Alternative Donor Transplantation with Post-Transplant Cyclophosphamide Is Highly Effective in Inherited Immune Deficiencies and Bone Marrow Failure Syndromes

Background Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation (alloBMT) is the only cure for many primary immune deficiencies (PID) and inherited bone marrow failure syndromes (IBMFS). There has been great success using HLA-matched related donors; however, use of alternative donors has been associated with increased graft failure, graft versus host disease (GVHD), and transplant related mortality (TRM). BMT using reduced intensity conditioning (RIC), alternative donors, and post-transplantation cyclophosphamide (PT/Cy) has been previously reported by our institution with no TRM, and low rates of graft failure and GVHD. Here, we present outcomes on an additional 8 patients treated, along with updated results of the previously reported 11 patients. Design We transplanted 19 patients (CGD n = 8; DKC n = 2; DBA n = 2; CVID n = 1; CTLA4 def n = 1; Glanzmann's n = 1; HLH n = 1; HyperIgM n = 1; IPEX n = 1; XIAP n = 1) using an alemtuzamab/fludarabine/melphalan-based preparative regimen (Figure 1), with or without total body irradiation. GVHD prophylaxis was PT/Cy alone (n = 4), or PT/Cy with mycophenolate mofetil and tacrolimus or sirolimus (n = 15). Donors were HLA-haploidentical related (n = 11), 10/10 HLA-identical unrelated (n = 6), and 9/10 (n = 1) or 5/8 (n = 1) HLA-mismatched unrelated. Results Of 18 evaluable patients, 17 (95%) achieved 100% donor chimerism by day 30 in peripheral blood, and 15 (83%) maintained 100% donor chimerism at day 60. At 1-year post-transplant, 14 (78%) remained >92% donor chimerism. Two patients developed late (>3 years) secondary graft failure, both were re-transplanted and are alive and 100% donor at one and four years post their second BMTs. All evaluable patients have had sufficient sustained donor chimerism to eliminate manifestations of their underlying diseases. Grade 1 or 2 acute GVHD developed in 5 patients, all treated successfully with steroids and a CNI. One patient developed skin-only chronic GVHD, successfully treated with immune suppression and UV light therapy. One patient developed concurrent adenovirus and cytomegalovirus infections early after BMT, which ultimately led to multi-organ failure and death. Two patients developed veno-occlusive disease, successfully treated with defibrotide. With median follow-up of surviving patients of 2 years, ranging 1 to 8 years, overall survival is 95%, disease-free survival (alive without manifestations of underlying disease) is 95%, and event free survival (time from BMT to death or graft loss/re-transplantation) is 72% (Figure 2). Conclusion We have observed high rates of engraftment, limited GVHD, and low TRM in 19 patients with PID and IBMFS using alternative donors, RIC, and PT/Cy. RIC BMT with PT/Cy shows promise for curing these pediatric disorders. Development of a prospective clinical trial is currently underway to confirm these observations and to further study the kinetics of immune reconstitution in these patients.
Which communication channels shape normative perceptions about buying local food? An application of social exposure

We examined how information from multiple communication channels can inform social norms about local food purchasing. The concept of social exposure was used as a guide. Social exposure articulates how information in social, symbolic, and physical environments contributes to normative perceptions. Data was collected from a sample in Wisconsin. Results indicated that information from communication channels representing symbolic, social, and physical environments all contributed to normative perceptions. We also found that for individuals who frequent farmers’ markets, information from some communication channels was relatively less strongly associated with injunctive norms. It may be that when first-hand, experiential information is available to inform norms, individuals rely less on information available through other communication channels. Future work might further explore how farmers’ markets foster information sharing in communities, as such information may contribute to normative perceptions.
An NPY Y1 receptor antagonist unmasks latent sensitization and reveals the contribution of protein kinase A and Epac to chronic inflammatory pain

Peripheral inflammation produces a long-lasting latent sensitization of spinal nociceptive neurons, that is, masked by tonic inhibitory controls. We explored mechanisms of latent sensitization with an established four-step approach: (1) induction of inflammation; (2) allow pain hypersensitivity to resolve; (3) interrogate latent sensitization with a channel blocker, mutant mouse, or receptor antagonist; and (4) disrupt compensatory inhibition with a receptor antagonist so as to reinstate pain hypersensitivity. We found that the neuropeptide Y Y1 receptor antagonist BIBO3304 reinstated pain hypersensitivity, indicative of an unmasking of latent sensitization. BIBO3304-evoked reinstatement was not observed in AC1 knockout mice and was prevented with intrathecal co-administration of a pharmacological blocker to the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR), adenylyl cyclase type 1 (AC1), protein kinase A (PKA), transient receptor potential cation channel A1 (TRPA1), channel V1 (TRPV1), or exchange protein activated by cAMP (Epac1 or Epac2). A PKA activator evoked both pain reinstatement and touch-evoked pERK expression in dorsal horn; the former was prevented with intrathecal co-administration of a TRPA1 or TRPV1 blocker. An Epac activator also evoked pain reinstatement and pERK expression. We conclude that PKA and Epac are sufficient to maintain long-lasting latent sensitization of dorsal horn neurons that is kept in remission by the NPY-Y1 receptor system. Furthermore, we have identified and characterized 2 novel molecular signaling pathways in the dorsal horn that drive latent sensitization in the setting of chronic inflammatory pain: NMDAR→AC1→PKA→TRPA1/V1 and NMDAR→AC1→Epac1/2. New treatments for chronic inflammatory pain might either increase endogenous NPY analgesia or inhibit AC1, PKA, or Epac.
PEDAGOGICAL PRAXIS IN ARCHITECTURE DESIGN STUDIO: (CASE STUDY APPLIED ON SOPHOMORE ARCHITECTURE STUDENT)

Optimum architectural pedagogy, the best possible way to implement curricula at the undergraduate level,necessitates in-depth research into a vast array of academic, technical and psychological considerations, inorder to ascertain the best teaching approach. This study has included the results of student feedbacksurveys to assist in the preliminary design phase of this study aimed at divining best teachingmethodologies. In addition, the design of the Praxis also took into consideration the findings of publishedliterature in this field of research. Both of these data sources were then combined into a methodology,which was applied to an undergraduate class at the Canadian International College, El Sheikh ZayedCampus, Giza, Cairo (CIC) for students enrolled in architectural design 2, during the fall 2015, spring2016 and fall 2016. Subsequently, through the survey again, student input was again sought, reactions tothose aspects that had been implemented by the end of the semester. A questionnaire was designed anddistributed to appraise the overall experiment in practice design in the design studio. The most importantaspect proved to be the introductory session phase for the students, which occurred at the initiation phaseof the project. The information gathered was then used by the faculty to review the proposed pedagogicalapproach, adjust teaching plans, and applies the improvements to the upcoming design studios. لتحقيق التعليم المعماري المتميز فان أفضل وسيلة لذلک ھي الاھتمام بطرق التدريس الحديثة لمقررات برنامجالھندسة المعمارية، ويتطلب ذلک إجراء بحوث متعمقة في مجموعة واسعة من الاعتبارات الأکاديمية والفنية والنفسيةالخاصة بالطلاب، ذلک للتأکد من منھجية أفضل أساليب التدريس وفقا لوجھة نظر الطلاب. في مرحلة التصميمالأولية لھذه الدراسة تم استطلاع رأي الطلاب بھدف توقع أفضل منھجيات التدريس. بالإضافة إلى ذلک، وضع فيالاعتبار أثناء تصميم التطبيقات العملية المقترحة نتائج الأدبيات المنشورة في ھذا المجال من البحث، ثم في المرحلةالتالية تم دمج نتائج استطلاعات رأي الطلاب ونتائج مراجعة أدبيات مجال التعليم المعماري وتکوين منھج البحث،الذي طبق على فئة طلاب المرحلة الجامعية في الکلية الکندية الدولية، في الحرم الجامعي بالشيخ زايد ، الجيزة،للطلبة المسجلين في التصميم المعماري ٢، خلال الفصول الدراسية التالية، خريف ٢٠١٥ ، ربيع ،(CIC) القاھرة٢٠١٦ وخريف ٢٠١٦ . بعد ذلک تم اقتراح تطبيقات لتنفيذھا في التعليم داخل أستوديو التصميم، في نھاية الفصلالدراسي وبعد تنفيذ التطبيقات المقترحة تم استطلاع رأي الطلاب وردود أفعالھم حول التجربة التعليمية المقترحة فيالبحث، تم تصميم ھذا الاستبيان وتوزيعھ لتقييم التجربة بشکل شامل وتقييم تأثيرھا علي ممارسة التصميم المعماريفي أستوديو التصميم . أوضحت نتائج ھذه الدراسة أن الجانب الأکثر أھمية بالنسبة للطلاب، ھو إعطاء الطلابمحاضرات تمھيدية عن المشروع في بدايتھ، ثم تم استخدام الطريقة المقترحة من قبل أعضاء ھيئة التدريس وتمتقيمھ کذلک بواسطة مساعدي التصميم، وتعديل خطط التدريس بما يتوافق مع المنھج المقترح، وتم تطبيق بعضالتطوير في التجربة المقترحة في استوديوھات التصميم القادمة.
A physician's guide to the 2-dose schedule of MenB-FHbp vaccine.

Meningococcal serogroup B (MenB) is the predominant cause of invasive meningococcal disease in the United States, with older adolescents and young adults attending college at increased risk. Notably, MenB caused all meningococcal disease outbreaks at US colleges between 2011 and 2018. MenB disease is vaccine-preventable. The MenB-FHbp vaccine can be administered on a 2-dose (0 and 6 months) schedule to healthy adolescents and young adults or as a tailored 3-dose (0, 1–2, and 6 months) schedule for individuals at increased risk. This review focuses on the 2-dose schedule (0 and 6 months) of MenB-FHbp. Clinical evidence demonstrating strong and broadly protective immunogenicity in adolescents after primary vaccination, immune persistence up to 48 months post-primary vaccination (18–61% of subjects across schedules), and immune memory evidenced by robust response to a single booster dose are described. Implementation approaches to ensure adolescents and young adults are fully vaccinated against meningococcal disease are discussed.
Rapid Evaluation of Potential Fields in Three Dimensions

Abstract : This paper describes a three dimensional version of the fast multipole algorithm for the rapid evaluation of the potential and force fields in systems of particles whose interactions are Coulombic or gravitational in nature. For a system of N particles, an amount of work of the order O(N-square) has traditionally been required to evaluate all pairwise interactions, unless some approximation or truncation method is used. The algorithm presented here requires an amount of work proportional to N to evaluate all interactions to within roundoff error, making it considerably more practical for large scale problems encountered in plasma physics, fluid dynamics, molecular dynamics and celestial mechanics.
Operative Management of Pediatric Ovarian Tumors: A Single Institution Review

Objectives: In 2004, the Children’s Oncology Group (COG) developed a set of staging guidelines for the management of pediatric patients with ovarian germ cell tumors. Prior to these changes, pediatric ovarian tumors were managed similarly to those in adults. Recent single-institution reviews from high-volume centers have revealed poor adherence ( < 5%) to these new guidelines. However, the adherence to these guidelines at a smaller-volume center has not been evaluated to date. As such, we performed a retrospective review of the management of pediatric ovarian tumors in a …
Paired phase II trials evaluating cetuximab and radiotherapy for low risk HPV associated oropharyngeal cancer and locoregionally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck in patients not eligible for cisplatin.

Background Alternative therapeutic strategies are needed for localized oropharyngeal carcinoma. Cetuximab represents a potential option for those ineligible for cisplatin or, until recently, an agent for de-escalation in low risk HPV+ oropharyngeal carcinoma (OPSCC). Our objective was to define the toxicity and efficacy of cetuximab-radiotherapy. Methods We conducted paired phase II trials evaluating cetuximab-radiotherapy in two cohorts (a) low risk HPV+ OPSCC and (b) cisplatin ineligible. The mean follow-up was 48 months. Results Forty-two patients were enrolled in cohort A with a 2-year disease free survival (DFS) of 81%. Twenty-one patients were enrolled in cohort B prior to closure due to adverse outcomes with a 2-year DFS of 37%. Severe toxicities were seen in 60% of patients, 30% required enteral nutrition. Conclusion Among cisplatin ineligible patients, cetuximab treatment engendered poor outcomes. Rates of severe toxicities were on par with platinum-based regimens suggesting that cetuximab is not a benign treatment.
Abstract P346: Cohort Identification to Harness the Electronic Health Record for Cardiovascular Disease Prediction

Background: Current cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk scores are derived from research cohorts and are particularly inaccurate in women, older adults, and those with missing data. To overcome these...
(1S*,2S*)‐(+)‐2‐Amino‐1‐[4‐(methyl­sulfan­yl)phen­yl]propane‐1,3‐diol

The title compound, C10H15NO2S, commonly referred to as (1S*,2S*)-(+)-thio­micamine, forms mol­ecular sheets parallel to the a and b axes. Within these sheets, the mol­ecules are connected by strong O—H⋯O and O—H⋯N hydrogen bonds. The methyl­sulfanyl groups protrude from this network and are interwoven between adjacent sheets.
Data Life Aware Model Updating Strategy for Stream-Based Online Deep Learning

Many deep learning applications deployed in dynamic environments change over time, in which the training models are supposed to be continuously updated with streaming data to guarantee better descriptions of data trends. However, most state-of-the-art learning frameworks support well in offline training methods while omitting online model updating strategies. In this work, we propose and implement iDlaLayer , a thin middleware layer on top of existing training frameworks that streamlines the support and implementation of online deep learning applications. In pursuit of good model quality and fast data incorporation, we design a Data Life Aware model updating strategy (DLA), which builds training data samples according to contributions of data from different life stages, and considers the training cost consumed in model updating. We evaluate iDlaLayer's performance through simulations and experiments based on TensorflowOnSpark with three representative online learning workloads. Our experimental results demonstrate that iDlaLayer reduces the overall elapsed time of ResNet, DeepFM and PageRank by 11.3, 28.2, and 15.2 percent compared to the periodic update strategy, respectively. It further achieves an average 20 percent decrease in training cost and brings about a 5 percent improvement in model quality against the traditional continuous training method.
Cutaneous lupus concerns from the patient perspective: a qualitative study.

Objective There is a need to identify concerns unique to patients with cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE), which may not be captured by current common-practice dermatological quality-of-life tools. This study formally characterises what bothers patients with CLE about their disease by conducting semistructured, qualitative interviews. Methods Sixteen patients with CLE were interviewed about how their cutaneous findings impact their daily life. Each interview was transcribed, coded and categorised for recurrent themes. Current CLE activity and damage were also assessed by the Cutaneous Lupus Activity and Severity Index tool. Results Responses were categorised into six themes, including Fear of Disease Progression, Unwanted Attention, Self-Consciousness, Physical Signs/Symptoms, Emotional Symptoms and Functional Decline. The most commonly reported themes were Self-Consciousness, mentioned by 13 of 16 (81.3%) patients, Physical Symptoms, mentioned by 12 of 16 (75%), and then Fear of Disease Progression, by 11 of 16 (68.8%). Frequently mentioned physical signs/symptoms included erythema, itch, dyspigmentation, scar and alopecia. The physical signs/symptoms were categorised as activity signs/symptoms, damage signs and other. For activity signs, erythema was mentioned most frequently (5 of 16), then scale (2 of 16). For activity symptoms, itch was mentioned most frequently (6 of 16), then pain (5 of 16). For damage signs, dyspigmentation was mentioned most frequently (4 of 16), followed by scarring (3 of 16). Patients less than 60 years old were more likely to report emotional symptoms than older patients (p Conclusions These patient experiences and resultant themes elucidated by this study are worth noting in future standardised estimations of the quality of life of patients with CLE. Additionally, the concerns shown by these interviews are important topics for providers to discuss when evaluating patient disease progression.
1mc suppressed semi-leptonic Λb decays

Abstract We use the techniques of the heavy quark effective theory to determine the number of form factors needed to describe the suppressed decays Λ b →Σ c (∗) . We find that five form factors are needed to describe this decay.
Water sorption in a bis(GMA)/TEGDMA resin

Some water sorption–desorption properties of a heat-cured copolymer of bisphenol-A-glycidyl methacrylate/triethylene-glycol-dimethacrylate [bis(GMA)/TEGDMA] were investigated during three sequential water sorption–desorption cycles at 60, 37, and 60°C. The results showed that the investigated polymer absorbed almost one molecule of water for each bis(GMA)/TEGDMA molecule, causing a volumetric expansion slightly smaller than the volume of the absorbed water. The determined mean value of the sorption and desorption diffusion coefficients for a specific cycle, here named the “true” diffusion coefficient, was about 1.5 × 10−8cm2s−1 at 60°C, decreasing to one-third of that value at 37°C. Although there were differences in leaching between the two sorption–desorption cycles at 60°C, no differences in true diffusion coefficients were found during the two cycles at that temperature. However, the sorption process proceeded slower than the desorption process during the first cycle, while the opposite occurred during the second cycle. These variations could be an effect of leaching occuring during the first cycle at 60°C and also the effects of induced swelling stresses on the diffusion process.
Corruption and development : the anti-corruption campaigns

This book provides a multidisciplinary interrogation of the global anti-corruption campaigns of the last ten years, arguing that while some positive change is observable, the period is also replete with perverse consequences and unintended outcomes
Pricing Commercial Real Estate Derivatives

The pricing of derivatives such as forwards and swaps based on financial indexes such as the Standard & Poor's (S&P) 500 stock index is relatively easy to understand due to the fact that the stocks underlying the derivative can be traded simultaneously with the derivative. This enables the construction and execution of arbitrage trading between the derivative contract and the underlying product traded in the “cash” or “spot” market. This leads to the formula for the “fair” price of futures contracts relative to their underlying assets, known as the futures-spot parity theorem. In contrast, the real estate indexes underlying real estate equity derivatives cannot be directly traded themselves, apart from the derivatives written on them. An investor cannot buy and sell each period all of the properties that comprise a real estate index. Thus, the classical arbitrage that underlies traditional futures pricing cannot be executed with real estate derivatives. Furthermore, because the index cannot itself be directly traded in a well-functioning spot market, there is no guarantee that the real estate index will always represent equilibrium values or equilibrium return expectations going forward from any time. Nevertheless, one derives what the “fair” price of a real estate index derivative should be as a function of the current underlying index value, where “fair” is defined as the equilibrium return that investors would expect in the derivative market. This price must take into consideration any lags that the index may have relative to the performance of the properties in the index. Keywords: derivative; forward; swaps; futures-spot parity theorem; equilibrium price; arbitrage; London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR)
Combined treatment with ramipril and metoprolol prevents changes in the creatine kinase isoenzyme system and improves hemodynamic function in rat hearts after myocardial infarction.

Beneficial effects of monotherapy with ACE inhibitors or beta-blockers on hemodynamic function after myocardial infarction are well known. Until now, the effects of combined treatment on cardiac function and energy metabolism have been poorly described. This study examines the effects of combined ramipril and metoprolol treatment on the creatine kinase (CK) system and hemodynamic function in rats after infarction. Wistar rats with experimental infarction were randomized for treatment with ramipril (R), metoprolol (M), combined treatment (MR), or placebo (P). Sham-operated (SO) animals served as controls. After 6 weeks, we assayed for CK isoenzymes and performed hemodynamic measurements. In P versus SO, left ventricular systolic pressures (dp/dtmax and dp/dtmin) diminished, whereas left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) increased. Decreased total CK activity and mitochondrial CK isoenzyme, increased CK-MB, and increased CK-BB isoenzymes were measured in P versus SO. With infarct size ≤45%, mitochondrial CK increased in M and R versus P. Combined treatment had an additional enhancing effect on mitochondrial CK isoenzyme level versus M and R, decreased LVEDP versus P, as well as increased dp/dtmax and dp/dtmin versus R. These results provide evidence of an interaction between normalization of energy metabolism and improvement in cardiac function due to a combination of ACE inhibition and beta blockade after myocardial infarction.
Growth‐climate relationships across topographic gradients in the northern great lakes

Climatic conditions exert important control over the growth, productivity, and distribution of forests, and characterizing these relationships is essential for understanding how forest ecosystems will respond to climate change. We used dendrochronological methods to develop climate–growth relationships for two dominant species, Populus tremuloides (quaking aspen) and Pinus resinosa (red pine), in the upper Great Lakes region to understand how climate and water availability influence annual forest productivity. Trees were sampled along a topographic gradient at the Marcell Experimental Forest (Minnesota, USA) to assess growth response to variations in temperature and different water availability metrics (precipitation, potential evapotranspiration (PET), cumulative moisture index (CMI), and soil water storage). Climatic variables were able to explain 33–58% of the variation in annual growth (as measured by ring-width increment) for quaking aspen and 37–74% of the variation for red pine. Climate–growth relationships were influenced by topography for quaking aspen but not for red pine. Annual ring growth for quaking aspen decreased with June CMI on ridges, decreased with temperature in the November prior to the growing season on sideslopes, and decreased with June PET on toeslopes. Red pine growth increased with increasing July PET across all topographic positions. These results indicate the sensitivity of both quaking aspen and red pine to local climate and show several vulnerabilities of these species to shifts in water supply and temperature because of climate change.
Middleware for managing provenance metadata

Current provenance collection systems typically gather metadata on remote hosts and submit it to a central server. We describe middleware for managing distributed provenance metadata, where each host maintains an authoritative local repository of the provenance metadata gathered on it. The approach provides several advantages --- the system can scale to handle the large amounts of metadata generated when auditing occurs at fine granularity; users retain control over their provenance records; and the middleware transparently queries remote provenance stores to reconstruct distributed lineage.
Pretest probability estimation in the evaluation of patients with possible deep vein thrombosis

Abstract Introduction An estimation of pretest probability is integral to the proper interpretation of a negative compression ultrasound in the diagnostic assessment of lower-extremity deep vein thrombosis. We sought to determine the rate, method, and predictors of pretest probability estimation in such patients. Methods This cross-sectional study of outpatients was conducted in a suburban community hospital in 2006. Estimation of pretest probability was done by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay d-dimer, Wells criteria, and unstructured clinical impression. Using logistic regression analysis, we measured predictors of documented risk assessment. A cohort analysis was undertaken to compare 3-month thromboembolic outcomes between risk groups. Results Among 524 cases, 289 (55.2%) underwent pretest probability estimation using the following methods: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay d-dimer (228; 43.5%), clinical impression (106; 20.2%), and Wells criteria (24; 4.6%), with 69 (13.2%) patients undergoing a combination of at least two methods. Patient factors were not predictive of pretest probability estimation, but the specialty of the clinician was predictive; emergency physicians ( P P = .001) were less likely than primary care clinicians to perform risk assessment. Thromboembolic events within 3 months were experienced by 0 of 52 patients in the explicitly low-risk group, 4 (1.8%) of 219 in the explicitly moderate- to high-risk group, and 1 (0.4%) of 226 in the group that did not undergo explicit risk assessment. Conclusions Negative ultrasounds in the workup of deep vein thrombosis are commonly interpreted in isolation apart from pretest probability estimations. Risk assessments varied by physician specialties. Opportunities exist for improvement in the diagnostic evaluation of these patients.
Intermittent digital cyanosis as the sole presenting sign of pulmonary embolus: An unusual case report

A 77-year-old man who was undergoing comprehensive rehabilitation for a right subcapital femoral neck fracture presented with intermittent digital cyanosis of 3 days duration. He had no other cardiopulmonary signs or symptoms, therefore a diagnosis of Raynaud's Phenomenon was considered but ruled out because of no prior history of similar episodes or associated conditions. A ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan was obtained and was highly indicative of pulmonary embolus. Dopplers and impedance plethysmography (IPG) revealed a left lower extremity deep vein thrombosis. Heparinization resulted in cessation of the cyanotic episodes. Intermittent digital cyanosis as the sole presentation of pulmonary embolus has not been previously reported in humans. Pulmonary embolus is notoriously difficult to diagnose based on clinical signs and symptoms. Intermittent peripheral cyanosis should raise the index of suspicion for the possibility of pulmonary embolus.
Effects of naturalistic stressors on cognitive flexibility and working memory task performance

Experimental stressors impair performance on tasks requiring certain types of cognitive flexibility, an effect that may be mediated by the noradrenergic system. The goal of this experiment was to examine the effects of psychological stress on cognitive flexibility in problem solving and immediate memory with a more naturalistic psychological stressor, and examine the interaction between subject ability and the cognitive effects of psychological stress. Twenty subjects performed the compound remote associates task (CRA) and a number series recall task after watching the first 30 minutes of 'Saving Private Ryan' and after the first 30 minutes of 'Shrek', with condition order and test version order counterbalanced. An interaction effect was observed between stress and subject ability for the CRA, with performance on the CRA significantly worse after the stress film among those performing well on the task. No effects were found on the memory task. Therefore, the naturalistic stressor impairs cognitive flexibility in a manner dependent upon how much difficulty the subject has with these types of tasks. Further work will be necessary to better understand the pharmacological mechanism of the effects of these types of stressors, and the clinical implications of this effect.
Personal space as influenced by sex and type of movement.

(1970). Personal Space as Influenced by Sex and Type of Movement. The Journal of Psychology: Vol. 76, No. 2, pp. 139-144.
High-performance optimizations on tiled many-core embedded systems: a matrix multiplication case study

Technological advancements in the silicon industry, as predicted by Moore's law, have resulted in an increasing number of processor cores on a single chip, giving rise to multicore, and subsequently many-core architectures. This work focuses on identifying key architecture and software optimizations to attain high performance from tiled many-core architectures (TMAs)--an architectural innovation in the multicore technology. Although embedded systems design is traditionally power-centric, there has been a recent shift toward high-performance embedded computing due to the proliferation of compute-intensive embedded applications. The TMAs are suitable for these embedded applications due to low-power design features in many of these TMAs. We discuss the performance optimizations on a single tile (processor core) as well as parallel performance optimizations, such as application decomposition, cache locality, tile locality, memory balancing, and horizontal communication for TMAs. We elaborate compiler-based optimizations that are applicable to TMAs, such as function inlining, loop unrolling, and feedback-based optimizations. We present a case study with optimized dense matrix multiplication algorithms for Tilera's TILEPro64 to experimentally demonstrate the performance and performance per watt optimizations on TMAs. Our results quantify the effectiveness of algorithmic choices, cache blocking, compiler optimizations, and horizontal communication in attaining high performance and performance per watt on TMAs.
X-ray identification of fusion reaction products implanted in Al foils following 16O and 19F bombardment of 59Co foils☆

Abstract Beams of 64 MeV 16 O +7 and 52.5 MeV 19 F +6 ions were incident on stacked foils of 59 Co and Al. Compound nuclei of 75 Br and 78 Kr, which decayed by evaporation of one or more nucleons, were formed. Implanted reaction products consisting of Ga through As and Ge through Kr, in the 16 O and 19 F experiments, respectively, were identified in the Al foil. Atomic numbers of these products were determined from K X-ray spectra and the mass numbers for γ-ray spectra and half-life measurements. These results and others related to straggling and range of the residual particles in the foils will be presented.
Energetic cost of suspension feeding versus particulate feeding by juvenile Sacramento blackfish

Abstract All species of suspension-feeding teleost fishes switch from particulate feeding to suspension feeding at a standard length of about 2–5 cm. Although this ontogenetic shift in feeding mode is suggestive of an energetic or biophysical constraint that restricts small fishes to particulate feeding, there have been no comparisons of the energetic costs of pump suspension feeding and particulate feeding based on oxygen consumption data. We found that the O2 consumption (mg O2/[g body weights·h]) associated with the capture of prey by juvenile Sacramento blackfish Orthodon microlepidotus (Cyprinidae) during pump suspension feeding on small zooplankton did not differ significantly (P > 0.05) from that measured during particulate feeding on large zooplankton. The metabolic cost of energy acquisition (mg O2/[g body weights·103 J prey consumed]) was approximately 2.5 times higher (P ≤ 0.02) for pump suspension feeding than for particulate feeding. However, because the actual energy expenditure during the f...
Basic Data Underlying Clinical Decision Making in Vascular Surgery: Arterial Access for Percutaneous Procedures

Percutaneous arterial access has become a mainstay in the armamentarium of vascular specialists. Vascular surgeons for decades have managed iatrogenic complications sustained by other specialists and now are more frequently performing catheter-based procedures themselves. A thorough understanding of the basic data underlying complications related to these procedures is imperative and is thoroughly reviewed.
Classification of boreal forest cover types using SAR images

Abstract Mapping forest cover types in the boreal ecosystem is important for understanding the processes governing the interaction of the surface with the atmosphere. In this paper, we report the results of the land-cover classification of the SAR (synthetic aperture radar) data acquired during the Boreal Ecosystem Atmospheric Study's intensive field campaigns over the southern study area near Prince Albert, Canada. A Bayesian maximum a posteriori classifier was applied on the national Aeronautics and Space Administration/Jet Propulsion Laboratory airborne SAR images covering the region during the peak of the growing season in July 1994. The approach is supervised in the sense that a combination of field data and existing land-cover maps are used to develop training areas for the desired classes. The images acquired were first radiometrically and absolutely calibrated, the incidence angle effect in airborne images was corrected to an acceptable accuracy, and the images were used in a mosaic form and geocoded and georeferenced with an existing land-cover map for validation purposes. The results show that SAR images can be classified into dominant forest types such as jack pine, black spruce, trembling aspen, clearing, open water, and three categories of mixed strands with better than 90% accuracy. The unispecies stands such as jack pine and black spruce are separated with 98% accuracy, but the accuracy of mixed coniferous and deciduous stands suffers from confusing factors such as varying species composition, surface moisture, and understory effects. To satisfy the requirements of process models, the number of cover types was reduced from eight to five general classes of conifer wet, conifer dry, mixed deciduous, disturbed, and open water. Reduction of classes improved the overall accuracy of the classification over the entire region from 77% to 92%.
Fatty acid amide lipid mediators in plants

Abstract Fatty acid amides are a group of nitrogen-containing, lipid-soluble fatty acid derivatives, many of which display potent biological activities at very low concentrations. This group of compounds includes the family of N -acylethanolamines (NAE), minor lipid constituents naturally present in a variety of organisms from fungi to plants to mammals. Most of the work on NAE thus far has been in mammalian systems where these lipids exert diverse physiological, behavioral and neurological roles as part of the endocannabinoid signaling system. Corresponding studies on the function of NAE in plants have appeared only recently and much remains to be understood regarding the role of these fatty acid amides in plant physiology. The potent effects of NAE on plants, and the recent discovery of plant proteins that bind to, and catalyze the synthesis and degradation of NAE, point to the possibility that a signaling pathway similar to the endocannabinoid system occurs in plants. However, recent evidence suggests that the plant fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), an enzyme involved predominantly in NAE catabolism, may have other functions that are independent of its catalytic activity, particularly in regard to salicylic acid (SA) and abscisic acid (ABA) signaling. Furthermore, the recent identification of a plant N -acylphosphatidylethanolamine (NAPE) synthase, the enzyme that catalyzes the formation of NAPE, the immediate lipid precursor of NAE, represents a significant breakthrough not only for plant NAE research but also for studies on the endocannabinoid system in animals. Although plants, like animals, possess the cellular machinery for metabolizing and responding to NAE, research in plants points to intriguing aspects of NAE signaling that have not been uncovered in studies with animals. Additional examples of bioactive plant fatty acid amides such as alkamides, N -acyl-homoserines, and amino acid-conjugated fatty acids (e.g., N -jasmonyl-isoleucine) may interact with this endogenous NAE metabolic machinery and modulate various phytohormone signaling pathways.
Isolation of edestin from aleurone grains of Cannabis sativa

Abstract Aleurone grains, protein bodies, have been isolated from a homogenate of viable hempseeds by employing a density gradient of carbon tetrachloride and refined cottonseed oil. Electron microscopic monitoring of a cross-section of aleurone grains showed them to be composed of at least three different components: large crystalloid substructures, globoids, and some other minor constituents. All are enveloped by a membrane. The crystalloids were extracted from the isolated aleurone grains by repeated washings with solutions of sodium chloride and sodium dodecyl sulfate. Sedimentation coefficients and electrophoretic analysis of solutions of crystalloids indicated that the crystalloids were comprised of pure edestin, and therefore established edestin as an aleurin. Further monitoring of the crystalloids by electron microscopy suggested that they have a pebbly surface and are composed of repeating polygonal-shaped units even down to the 80 A level.
Non-parametric approach to dynamic efficiency: a non-parametric application of cointegration to production frontiers

Estimation of dynamic production and cost frontiers raises some basic econometric problems, when the input–output data are nan-stationary over time. Methods of cointegration can be applied in such situations to identify and estimate the efficient production and cost functions. The method of cointegration is here extended to the case of one-sided errors and then empirically applied to the production data of the manufacturing sector for South Korea in recent times.