cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Myelin P0: New knowledge and new roles

Protein zero (P0) is an integral transmembrane glycoprotein that serves as the major protein component of peripheral nerve myelin and is a member of the immunoglobulin (IgG) gene superfamily. As a cell adhesion molecule, P0 mediates homophilic adhesive interactions between Schwann cell plasma membranes and is a key structural constituent of both the major dense line and intraperiod line of compact myelin. Both the extracellular and cytoplasmic domains contribute to these interactions and evidence indicates that the post-translational modifications of the molecule, including glycosylation, acylation and phosphorylation, play an important modulatory role in adhesion and likely in the proper trafficking of P0 from the endoplasmic reticulum to the plasma membrane as well. Structural and genetic studies indicate that mutations in P0 producing human demyelinating diseases probably do so by perturbing or preventing homophilic interactions during myelination, or by producing cellular toxicity or an unstable myelin sheath. A variety of transcription factors, growth factors and neurosteroids both directly and indirectly influence P0 gene expression during maturation of the myelinating Schwann cell. Besides its structural function in myelin, P0 may have roles in the delivery of other Schwann cell proteins to their proper location, especially at or near nodes of Ranvier, and in neuronal-glial interactions.
Perception of Accelerating Self-Motion: Global Optical Flow Rate Dominates Discontinuity Rate

Owen, Wolpert, and Warren (1984) proposed that egospeed may be perceived from global optical flow rate, discontinuity rate, or both. Previous psychophysical research found that both sources of information influence judgments of acceleration and control of egospeed, but that discontinuity rate dominated. However, the validity of these results is questionable due to problems with the visual stimuli used, such as confounding of discontinuity rate with proximal flow rate and low frame rates. The current study examined the relative contributions of global optical flow rate and discontinuity rate to perception of accelerating self-motion with stimuli that lacked these problems. I found that global optical flow rate accounted for 60% of the variability in acceleration judgments, compared with 0.86% for discontinuity rate. This result indicates that discontinuity rate exerts only a minor influence, and global optical flow rate is the primary basis for perception of accelerating self-motion, and hence, egospeed.
PENGGUNAAN SISTEM BUKU AGENDA ELEKTRONIK DALAM PERSURATAN GUNA MENCAPAI EFISIENSI KERJA KARYAWAN (Studi kasus pada Yayasan Tifa Jakarta)

We know that the use of electronic agenda book as a letter management media contribute in employee efficiency. The work efficiency covered this book are labor efficiency, which requires faster to distribute and search for letters, space efficiency, which letter file cabinet is no longer necessary, cost efficiency which minimize salary, office equipment, , and space rent for document facility. Keywords: Elektronic Agenda BookLetter, Work Efficiency
School-Based 4-H Programming Series: Designing Programs Based on Time Involvement

One of the biggest factors to consider when starting a school-based program is the amount of time and level of commitment that can be provided for the 4-H program at that site. This new 5-page document discusses the degree of commitment, intensity, and Positive Youth Development (PYD) impact of the program. The most PYD-intensive program will include a model for sustainability. Sustainable programs will ultimately survive and thrive without continual supervision and daily maintenance. Written by Vanessa Spero-Swingle and published by the UF/IFAS 4-H Youth Development Program. https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/4h406
The t(5;17) acute promyelocytic leukemia fusion protein NPM-RAR interacts with co-repressor and co-activator proteins and exhibits both positive and negative transcriptional properties

The t(5;17) variant of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) fuses the genes for nucleophosmin (NPM) and the retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARalpha). Two NPM-RAR molecules are expressed as a result of alternative RNA splicing. Both contain RARalpha sequences that encode the DNA binding, heterodimerization, and ligand activation domains of RARalpha. This study was designed to test the ability of these fusion proteins to act as transcriptional activators of retinoic acid responsive promoters. The NPM-RAR fusion proteins bind to retinoic acid response element sequences as either homodimers or as heterodimers with RXR. Transcription of retinoic acid-inducible promoters is activated by the fusion proteins in the presence of retinoic acid. The level of transactivation induced by the NPM-RAR fusions differs from the level of transactivation induced by wild-type RARalpha in both a promoter and cell specific fashion, and more closely parallels the pattern of activation of the PML-RAR fusion than wild-type RARalpha. In addition, NPM-RAR decreases basal transcription from some promoters and acts in a dominant-negative fashion when co-transfected with wild-type RARalpha. Both NPM-RAR and PML-RAR interact with the co-repressor protein SMRTe in a manner that is less sensitive than RARalpha to dissociation by retinoic acid. Retinoic acid induces binding of the co-activator protein RAC3. These data indicate that the NPM-RAR fusion proteins can modulate expression of retinoid-responsive genes in a positive or negative manner, depending on context of the promoter, and lend support to the hypothesis that aberrant transcriptional activation underlies the APL phenotype. (Blood. 2000;95:2683-2690)
The Three Permissions: Presidential Removal and the Statutory Limits of Agency Independence

Seven words stand between the President and the heads of over a dozen "independent" agencies: inefficiency, neglect of duty, and malfeasance in office (INM). The President can remove the heads of these agencies for INM and INM only. But neither Congress nor the courts have defined INM and hence the extent of agency independence. Some proponents of presidential power argue that INM allows the President to dismiss officials who do not follow presidential directives. Others contend that INM is unconstitutional because it prevents presidents from fulfilling their constitutional duty to take care that the laws are faithfully executed. This Article recovers the lost history of INM, explaining its origins and meaning, inverting our current understanding of removal law, and rejecting both challenges to agency independence. It shows that INM provisions are not removal “protections” that prevent at-pleasure removal; they are removal permissions that authorize removal where it is otherwise prohibited by an officer’s term of years, a tenure long understood to bar executive removal for any reason. INM provisions are narrow exceptions to term tenures: Neglect of duty and malfeasance in office cash out an official’s failure to faithfully execute official duties, while inefficiency relates to government waste and ineptitude. INM provisions do not permit the President to remove agency heads for failing to follow presidential directives. But they do not clash with the Take Care Clause either, because even on an expansive reading of the clause, INM provisions authorize presidents to remove unfaithful or incompetent officials.
Hemostatic prophylaxis and colonoscopy outcomes for patients with bleeding disorders: A retrospective cohort study and review of the literature

Introduction Hemostatic prophylaxis (HP) is recommended for patients with bleeding disorders (PWBD) before invasive procedures. However, evidence-based guidelines are needed to determine optimal HP strategies. Aim To determine outcomes of HP for PWBD undergoing colonoscopy. Methods We undertook a retrospective cohort study of HP and outcomes of colonoscopy procedures performed between 9 November 1993 and 13 February 2018 for PWBD who received care in the Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Hemophilia Treatment Center. Results During the study period, 73 PWBD (58 with milder phenotypes: haemophilia, von Willebrand disease [subtypes 1 and 2; II, VII and XI deficiency]) underwent 141 procedures. Preprocedural HP was given to 61%, and interventions were performed in 47%. Of the 39% without preprocedural HP, postprocedural HP was given for 11%. One major (0.7%; 6 days postprocedure despite HP) and 10 minor (7%) bleeding complications occurred, which tended to be in patients with severe disease and/or after excision of larger polyps. There was no significant difference in the rate of bleeding complications with or without preprocedural HP (8.1% vs 5.5%, respectively; P = .74, Fisher's exact test). Conclusion The low bleeding rates in our cohort suggest that preprocedure HP may be withheld for patients with mild bleeding disorders who undergo colonoscopy with a low likelihood of requiring an intervention or who require only low-risk intervention. This strategy may be best used in experienced centres, provided optimal local hemostasis measures are undertaken and postprocedural HP is rapidly available if high-risk intervention is required. Further studies are needed to determine optimal evidence-based HP strategies for PWBD undergoing colonoscopy.
Simulation of attosecond transient soft X-ray absorption in solids using generalized Kohn-Sham real-time TDDFT

Time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) simulations of transient core-level spectroscopies require a balanced treatment of both valence- and core-electron excitations. To this end, tuned range-separated hybrid exchange-correlation functionals within the generalized Kohn-Sham scheme offer a computationally efficient means of simultaneously improving the accuracy of valence and core excitation energies in TDDFT by mitigating delocalization errors across multiple length-scales. In this work range-separated hybrid functionals are employed in conjunction with the velocity-gauge formulation of real-time TDDFT to simulate static as well as transient soft X-ray near-edge absorption spectra in a prototypical solid-state system, monolayer hexagonal boron nitride, where excitonic effects are important. In the static case, computed soft X-ray absorption edge energies and line shapes are seen to be in good agreement with experiment. Following laser excitation by a pump pulse, soft X-ray probe spectra are shown to exhibit characteristic features of population induced bleaching and transient energy shifts of exciton peaks. The methods outlined in this work therefore illustrate a practical means for simulating attosecond time-resolved core-level spectra in solids within a TDDFT framework.
Molecular breast imaging in clinical practice

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this article is to review clinical uses and image interpretation of molecular breast imaging (MBI) and clarify radiation risks. CONCLUSION. MBI detects additional cancers compared with conventional imaging in women with dense breasts and those with elevated risk of breast cancer. Its role as an imaging biomarker of cancer risk and in assessing neoadjuvant chemotherapy response is growing. Radiation risk is minimal; benefit-to-risk ratio is similar to that of mammography. MBI is low cost, well tolerated, and easily adapted into clinical practice.
Diode Clamped Solid-State Circuit Breaker: A Novel Solid-State Circuit Breaker without Dynamic Voltage Unbalancing Issues

In this paper, a new solid-state circuit breaker for medium voltage applications is proposed named Diode Clamped Solid-State Circuit Breaker (SSCB). Unlike the conventional medium-voltage SSCBs using simultaneously operated switches in series to block medium level voltage, Diode Clamped SSCB utilizes a novel diode clamped topology to extend its operating voltage. In the breaking process, the switches in the Diode Clamped SSCB are tripped sequentially to interrupt fault current and do not incur dynamic voltage unbalancing issues. After the breaking operation, the voltage across the switches is clamped to the capacitor voltage. In addition, with asymmetric configuration, Diode Clamped SSCB can effectively limit the increase of fault current and reduce the volume of metal oxide varistors (MOVs). PLECS simulation software as well as an experimental prototype have been used to prove the plausibility and superiority of the Diode Clamped SSCB.
Evaluation of Interactive Virtual Reality as a Preoperative Aid in Localizing Renal Tumors.

Introduction: A detailed understanding of renal tumor anatomy is required to perform partial nephrectomy. We evaluated the utility of a CT-based interactive virtual reality (iVR) display to assist ...
Sulfur-Doped Titanium Carbide MXenes for Room-Temperature Gas Sensing.

Two-dimensional titanium carbide MXenes, Ti3C2Tx, possess high surface area coupled with metallic conductivity and potential for functionalization. These properties make them especially attractive ...
Technology of Complex Treatment of Natural Gas before its Delivery to the Consumer

A short list and characteristics of technologies for natural gas purification are provided. A proposed effective technology for complex treatment of natural gas from condensate, hydrocarbon crystal hydrates, mechanical impurities, and sulfur-containing compounds before supplying it to the consumer is described. The main novelty of the proposed technology is the joint use of mechanical (gravitational and centrifugal precipitation) and mass-exchange (adsorption) processes and the use of a new type of adsorbent, i.e., granulated blast-furnace slag, for cleaning from sulfur-containing compounds.
Practice patterns and clinical outcomes of platelet alloimmunization in a comprehensive cancer center.

Abstract Background Platelet transfusion refractoriness (PTR) secondary to human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alloimmunization is a challenge in the treatment of hematology-oncologypatients and increases the risk of morbidity and mortality from bleeding events. Guidelines for treating PTR have not been clearly described in literature. We aim to describe the practice patterns for the management of PTR secondary to HLA alloimmunization, and to assess the mortality, thrombosis and bleeding-related clinical outcomes at 30 days from diagnosis. Methods A retrospective review of 51 cases of PTR secondary to HLA alloimmunization were analyzed. Results The majority of patients (98 %) had a diagnosis of hematological malignancy of which 88.2 % were undergoing active chemotherapy. Clinically relevant bleeding, by ISTH criteria, was observed in 33.3 %; hemorrhagic shock was diagnosed in 7%. The rate of bleeding-related mortality was estimated at 7.8 %. The use of antifibrinolytics and plasma products (including intravenous immunoglobulin) was more common in cases with major versus non-major bleeding. Grade A or B1U HLA matched products were available in less than half of cases. Conclusions There is heterogeneity in the management of the bleeding risk and bleeding events during PTR, with antifibrinolytics more commonly used in patients who suffered severe bleeding. Grade A and B1U HLA-matched platelets are not always readily available, and HLA-typing and HLA-antibody testing are not always performed prior to PTR. Prospective randomized control trials may help to determine the safety and efficacy of antifibrinolytics and other supportive measures in the management of PTR.
Femoral arterial cannulation remains a safe and reliable option for aortic dissection repair.

Background The optimal cannulation site for repair of type A aortic dissection remains controversial. The concern for Malperfusion syndrome has initiated a national trend away from femoral cannulation to axillary artery and direct ascending aortic cannulation. The purpose of this study was to report a single center experience with femoral artery cannulation for the repair of a type A dissection. Methods A retrospective study was performed on 52 patients who underwent surgical repair for a type A dissection between January 1st, 2012 and June 30th, 2019 at a single institution. Of the 52 patients analyzed, 35 (67.3%) underwent femoral artery, 11 (21.2%) direct ascending aortic, and 6 (11%) axillary artery cannulation for arterial access. Deep hypothermic circulatory arrest was used in all the patients. Rates of postoperative complication and mortality were reported. Results The mortality and bleeding rates for all the patients undergoing repair of the type A dissection repairs were 27% (14/52) and 19% (10/52), respectively. Cardiopulmonary bypass was established in 100% of the patients that had femoral arterial cannulation. There were no complications specifically related to femoral arterial cannulation nor the axillary or direct aortic approach. Specifically, there was no episodes of malperfusion syndrome, bleeding, or injury with femoral artery cannulation. Bleeding rates were higher in cases that proceeded with a femoral (13%) versus alternate (6%) approach however; neither of the bleeding was related to the cannulation site. None of the mortalities identified were directly attributable to the cannulation approach in each case. Conclusions Despite the recent shift away from femoral cannulation, the results of the study show that femoral artery cannulation is safe and produces excellent results for establishing cardiopulmonary bypass. The concerns for malperfusion syndrome related to femoral cannulation were not seen.
The Gift We Bring

Miroslav Volf’s A Public Faith invites religious traditions, especially Christianity, to bring their best elements into the public square in a spirit of hospitality and engagement for the common good. With regard to Christianity, he claims that one of the best elements we can offer the public square is a complexly relational vision of the human person made to love self, others, God. In this essay Davila proposes that the preferential option for the poor is a particular expression of this anthropological vision of Christianity that is well poised for public engagement based on humility and care for the most vulnerable members of society. Following Volf’s proposal, the option for the poor functions as a paradigm for imaginative and creative engagement in the public square that might help people of faith navigate seemingly intractable political and cultural disagreements in the public square.
DISH: Distributed Self-Healing

Unattended wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) operating in hostile environments face the risk of compromise. Unable to off-load collected data to a sink or some other trusted external entity, sensors must protect themselves by attempting to mitigate potential compromise and safeguarding their data. In this paper, we focus on techniques that allow unattended sensors to recover from intrusions by soliciting help from peer sensors. We define a realistic adversarial model and show how certain simple defense methods can result in sensors re-gaining secrecy and authenticity of collected data, despite adversary's efforts to the contrary. We present an extensive analysis and a set of simulation results that support our observations and demonstrate the effectiveness of proposed techniques.
Granuloma annulare-like eruption associated with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

Background Cutaneous granulomatous inflammation can occur in patients with T-cell lymphoma and Hodgkin disease. We describe the unusual microscopic pattern of a granuloma annulare (GA)-like eruption co-existing with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL). Methods We reviewed the histopathology and immunophenotype of skin biopsies from two patients with B-CLL and cutaneous lesions resembling GA. Results Both patients had symptomatic cutaneous lesions clinically resembling GA; one had lesions refractory to standard dermatologic therapy. Histopathology showed GA-like palisaded histiocytic infiltration, with subtle collections of lymphocytes interspersed among the granulomatous inflammation. Immunohistochemistry showed strong expression of CD20 and CD79a, with aberrant CD5 co-expression, confirming cutaneous involvement by B-CLL. Conclusions Co-existence of a GA-like infiltrate and cutaneous B-CLL raises the possibility that granulomatous inflammation occurs as a secondary response to dermal infiltration by leukemic cells. Because histopathologic findings can be subtle, knowledge of this association is essential to avoid overlooking the diagnosis. Regardless of whether histopathology reflects a reactive or primary phenomenon, documentation of cutaneous involvement by B-CLL may serve as a rationale for specific treatment of the underlying B-CLL in patients with skin lesions unresponsive to dermatologic therapy and for whom there is no other justification for leukemia-targeted therapy.
Crystallisation of Nucleic Acids

High-resolution three dimensional structure analysis by X-ray diffraction requires large, well-ordered, single crystals. The crystallisation of nucleic acids has become the limiting step in their structural analysis by X-ray crystallography. Nucleic acids may be isolated from native sources or synthesised chemically or enzymatically. Purification to homogeneity may be achieved by thin layer chromatography, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, column chromatography or combinations of these methods. Approaches to crystallisation have included batch methods, dialysis, evaporation, interface diffusion and vapour diffusion. The most widely and successfully used technique is hanging-drop vapour diffusion. Sparse matrix screening has allowed exploration of the vast crystallisation space with the limited amount of nucleic acid available. Developments in synchrotron radiation and cryocrystallography have allowed use of smaller crystals for structure determination. High-throughput robotic crystallisation uses less material thus allowing more crystallisation experiments from a given amount of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) or ribonucleic acid (RNA). Key Concepts: The most complete structural description of a DNA or an RNA molecule is achieved through high resolution X-ray crystallography. Nucleic acid crystallisation depends on synthesis of large quantities of homogeneous DNA or RNA. Material for crystallisation can be prepared by purification of native material, chemical synthesis or enzymatic synthesis. Purification to homogeneity implies a single form of oligomeric state and modification in addition to a single species. Purification methods include thin layer chromatography (TLC), polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and liquid chromatography (LC). The most widely used method for crystallisation is vapour diffusion in either a hanging drop or sitting drop format. High-throughput robotic crystallisation allows setup of a greater number of experiments while using less nucleic acid material. The size of crystal needed for X-ray diffraction analysis has been sharply reduced with the use of powerful synchrotron radiation and computer programs. To date, over 2000 DNA and 1000 RNA crystal structures have been reported in public databases such as the Nucleic Acid Database and the Protein Data Bank. Most of these structures are nucleic acid complexed with protein or ligands. Keywords: crystallisation; DNA; RNA; X-ray crystallography; structure
Amputation and Prosthetics of the Lower Extremity

Transradial amputation allows for the highest level of functional recovery with long limb length ideal for body-powered prostheses and medium limb length ideal for externally powered prostheses.
Modeling and diagnostics of a microwave plasma resonant cavity reactor used for diamond film deposition

Summary form only given. The use of microwave discharges for the plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of films has proven to be a successful technique for several applications including the deposition of diamond films. The overall goal of this study is the improvement of microwave plasma deposition machines for deposition applications by a combined approach of experimental diagnostic measurements and numerical model simulations. The objective of this study is to measure and model a microwave plasma processing machine. The specific machine studied is a 13 cm diameter discharge microwave plasma reactor used for diamond CVD deposition. The key processes studied include the electromagnetic excitation of the plasma and the gas phase chemistry which is dominated by hydrogen. An electromagnetic field simulation model is used to solve for the microwave excitation fields in the plasma reactor. The electromagnetic fields are modeled in two dimensions using a finite-difference, time-domain method to solve Maxwell's equations. The plasma description is a fluid model solution of the plasma which includes a model of hydrogen/methane plasma dynamics. The gas phase chemistry of the hydrogen/ methane mixture is also modeled in this effort.
A generalized approach to the constrained cubical embedding problem

A generalized approach to the constrained cubical embedding problem is described. The generalized solver is separated from the constraints so that application-specific constraints and objective criteria can be easily incorporated. The approach has been implemented in an open system package, called CUBIC, that incorporates a highly interactive graphical interface for new problem explorations. Experiments on a large set of design examples demonstrate that the generalized approach can produce results comparable or superior to specialized methods, in similar CPU time. >
Microbiological Fractionation of the Hydrogen Isotopes

As a part of a comprehensive plan of study of Bahamas sediments collected in May 1955, bacteriological analyses of the refrigerated samples were undertaken, beginning early in 1956. It was soon observed that a yet unidentified facultative aerobe found in teeming abundance in aragonite muds from a mid-bank locality west of Andros Island produced gas vigorously when it was cultured in a dextrose medium. It seemed likely that this gas was largely CO/sub 2/, but a check-analysis was sought from the Mass Spectrometry Section of the National Bureau of Standards. That analysis showed 26.3% carbon dioxide and 63.4% hydrogen; the latter, within the resolving power of the apparatus, appeared to consist exclusively of common light hydrogen. The balance was 5.3% water vapor, 4.6% nitrogen, and 0.4% oxygen. (auth)
Kinetics of post-combustion nitric oxide reduction by waste biomass fly ash

Abstract This work demonstrates that biomass fly ash, a carbon-containing by-product of a commercial pine-bark fired grate boilers, is a more viable and effective NO reducing agent than lignite char in a gasstream containing NO, O 2 and He in a tubular reactor at 300 to 600 °C that simulates the post-combustion zones. It requires no chemical or physical activation. It seems to follow the reburning mechanisms reported earlier. CO is a pivotal reaction intermediate. Alkali and alkaline earth metals catalyze both carbon oxidation leading to CO formation, and oxygen tranfer leading to CO scavenging of surfaceoxides formed after adsorption of NO. Empirical rate expressions for carbon oxidation and NO reduction are developed. The following rate model is used to recover the rate constants of carbon oxidation in the simulated flue gas. d X d t = k ( 1 − X ) ( P oxygen ) m A exp( − k c h a r d e a c t i v a t i o n t ) where X , t , k , P oxygen , m , A and k char deactivation denote carbon conversion, reaction time, rate constant based on per unit surface area, partial pressure of O 2 at the inlet, reaction order, N 2 BET surface area per unit weight of the sample, and rate of carbon deactivation, respectively. A first-order rate expression is adopted for recovering the rate constants of NO reduction.
Sterol-izing Innate Immunity

In this issue of Immunity, studies by Blanc et al. (2013) and Liu et al. (2013) reveal how interferon induction of cholesterol-25-hydroxylase mediates innate immunity against multiple diverse viruses.
Mini-Markers: A brief version of Goldberg's unipolar Big-Five markers.

Goldberg (1992) developed a robust set of 100 adjective markers for the Big-Five factor structure found in phenotypic personality description. Because and even briefer marker set might be advantageous under certain assessment conditions, the performance of these 100 markers in 12 data sets was scrutinized, leading to the selection of an optimally robust subset of only 40 adjectives. This "Mini-Marker" subset demonstrated unusually impressive features for an abbreviated inventory, consisting of five scales that show, in comparison to the original scales, less use of difficult items, lower interscale correlations, and somewhat higher mean inter-item correlations; alpha reliabilities are somewhat lower. A format for administering this briefer inventory is appended.
Ultrathin films of Pd on Au(111): Evidence for surface alloy formation.

Pd ultrathin films on Au(111) have been prepared by vapor deposition and studied over the substrate temperature range 150--650 K using Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), low-energy ion-scattering spectroscopy (LEISS), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and low-energy electron diffraction (LEED). With regard to assessing the growth mode of Pd adlayers on Au(111), AES uptake plots (AES signal intensity versus deposition time) are of limited utility. LEISS data are critical for establishing the surface composition of the deposited film and the existence of alloying. The growth mode of vapor-deposited Pd films on Au(111) at 150 K is described well by an epitaxial layer-by-layer mechanism for the first few layers. However, for Pd deposition at substrate temperatures of 300 K and above, LEISS data taken using 1 keV Ne{sup +} ions indicate surface alloy formation, with the extent of Au interdiffusion increasing with temperature. Other experiments involving annealing monolayer Pd films show interdiffusion (alloying) at temperatures as low as 240 K. XPS data indicate very little ({lt}0.2 eV) or no shifts in the Pd(3{ital d}), Au(4{ital f}), or Pd x-ray-excited Auger ({ital M}{sub 5}{ital VV}) regions as a function of Pd coverage or substrate temperature. We discuss the surface stoichiometry in relation to priormore » published work on this system, the relevance of this system for studies of Pd monolayer and thin film properties, and our results pertaining to the surface chemistry of small molecule adsorbates on Pd films deposited on Au(111).« less
The demand for residence site characteristics

The analysis of residential site choice is the primary concern in urban economics. Research on this problem is deficient in that rigorous theoretical models concentrate almost exclusively on access to the Central Business District (CBD) in this decision process while empirical models have been specified in a manner that is inconsistent with standard demand theory. Although these models possess the power of simplicity, they are unable to explain the non-monotonic location patterns which characterize urban areas without resorting to ad hoc theorizing. This article develops and tests a model which is consistent with demand theory and is also capable of explaining non-monotonic location patterns. The hedonic rent function is seen as an intermediate step in the analysis of location which allows one to construct the complete data matrix necessary for the estimation of a set of demand functions for location-specific traits. The analytical importance of the functional form of this hedonic function is briefly noted. Finally, the empirical analysis notes the importance of children in determining residential preferences, with special attention being directed to the endogeneity of children with respect to the process of residential choice. The traditional location model is generally tested by regressing some transformation of the annual rental payments (or alternatively, property value), R, on access (or lack of access) to the city center, ACC, a vector of other locational traits, Z, income, I, and a race variable, MC,
Does children's pre-procedure anxiety predict their behavioral distress and self-reports of fear and pain during bone marrow aspirations (BMA's) and lumbar punctures (LP's)? • 73

Does children's pre-procedure anxiety predict their behavioral distress and self-reports of fear and pain during bone marrow aspirations (BMA's) and lumbar punctures (LP's)? • 73
Valinomycin-induced chloride permeability in isolated rat liver mitochondria

1. Ionophore-induced osmotic swelling was used to study Cl- transport in isolated rat liver mitochondria. 2. Energy-dependent, neutral ionophore-induced swelling in Cl- salts at pH 7.2 required K+ and was preceded by a brief lag phase that was absent in chlorotributyltin-induced swelling. 3. Treatments that stimulated or inhibited mitochondrial K+/H+ exchange had qualitatively similar effects on both valinomycin-induced swelling and the associated lag phase. 4. The results suggest that valinomycin-induced Cl- permeability results from an interaction between the K+/H+ antiporter and neutral ionophore K+ complexes.
On the apparent unbindability of overt third-person pronouns in Japanese

Contrary to the widely held view that Japanese overt third-person pronouns such as kare and kanozyo cannot function as bound variables, it has been sporadically reported in the literature that there are cases in which they can receive a bound-variable interpretation. The present paper attempts to provide an account of why Japanese third-person pronouns can be construed as bound variables only in a subset of the contexts in which bound pronouns in English can occur. I argue that Japanese overt third-person pronouns should be analyzed as epithets, claiming that they can function as bound variables only when Condition B and the so-called anti-logophoricity constraint are simultaneously satisfied. I also claim that the apparent insensitivity of the referential use of kare/kanozyo to the anti-logophoricity constraint is attributed to the fact that Japanese (but not English) allows a structure in which a null pronoun is juxtaposed with an appositive epithet phrase.
Predicting Ideal Body Mass Index: What Does Clothing Size Have To Do With It?

This study examined demographic and anthropometric variables as predictors of ideal body mass index (BMI) from cross-sectional, archival, self-reported data from the Psychology of Size Survey of 4014 U.S. residents collected in 2007. As hypothesized, ideal BMI can be predicted by a within gender hierarchical multiple regression analysis with the predictor variables of age, number of clothing sizes from ideal size, and current BMI; these variables account for 54.1% of variance in women's ideal BMI and 65.5% of variance in men's ideal BMI. Findings also demonstrated a logarithmic relationship between current BMI and ideal BMI, with increasing variance in ideal BMI for individuals with high current BMIs. These findings evidence the strong role of current body characteristics in the formation of ideals. Understanding how individuals conceptualize body ideals can inform researchers and practitioners alike, as this evidence has important implications related to both medical and psychological health.
Great Toe Neuroarthropathy: A Report of Two Cases

Two cases of diabetic neuroarthropathy of the great toe are presented. The differential diagnosis is emphasized, and the literature regarding this unusual site for symptomatic disease is reviewed.
Progress In Quantitative Ultrasonic Imaging

We are developing methods for imaging acoustic parameters individually to obtain a more direct interpretation of the scattering medium. Two properties of the medium that describe microscopic scattering structure have been accurately measured: the average scattering particle size and the product of the number density and the scattering strength. Analysis of quantitative images show increased image contrast by as much as 6 dB between regions that vary in these acoustic properties over that of conventional B-mode imaging. It is also possible to separate the effects of scatterer size from the effects of the number density and scattering strength. The motivation for developing these techniques for diagnostic ultrasound is to improve low-contrast detectability.
Slamming the federal courthouse door on inmates

Abstract In 1776, debates about ratifying the United States Constitution centered around states' rights. The original 13 states compromised by amending the document, adding what became the Bill of Rights. The compromise did not stop the friction between the states and the federal government, however, and it has continued into the twentieth century, with a focus on criminal justice issues. In the early years of U.S. history, states feared that federal government involvement in states' affairs would lead to crime, and they resented federal review of their decisions regarding the handling of offenders. The current “hands-off” doctrine has been said to have evolved from this conflict. The U.S. Supreme Court, however, actively intervened in several major criminal justice disputes during the 1960s. This activism became a political issue in the 1968 presidential campaign, and subsequent Supreme Court nominees were more conservative in their rulings. Hence, decisions regarding criminal justice disputes have been resolved more in favor of the states. Both criminal defendants and inmates have seen a regression in their rights. This article examines three areas (suits involving cruel and unusual punishment, habeas corpus, and the deprivation of constitutional rights) in which the Supreme Court recently has made it more difficult for inmates to prevail when engaging in litigation against states, and it concludes that a clandestine hands-off doctrine has developed.
On Gaussian measures in certain locally convex spaces

Abstract The main purpose of this paper is threefold: Firstly, the topological support of Gaussian measures on certain locally convex spaces is obtained. Secondly, strongly convergent series expansions of elements in separable Frechet spaces, related to Gaussian measures, are obtained; this result is applied to obtain Karhunen-Loeve-type expansions for Gaussian processes. Thirdly, it is shown that any zero-mean Gaussian measure on a separable Frechet space can be obtained as the σ extension of the canonical Gaussian cylinder measure of a separable Hilbert space. Other related problems are also discussed.
IDEAS approach to process network synthesis: minimum utility cost for complex distillation networks

Abstract This work aims at quantifying the minimum utility cost necessary to complete a given separation task using vapor–liquid equilibrium (distillation) operations. The Infinite DimEnsionAl State-space (IDEAS) process is introduced as a new paradigm for this process synthesis activity. The IDEAS conceptual framework includes all possible process configurations, and yields mathematical programs that are convex (linear), thereby guaranteeing the global optimality of the obtained solution. A case study, on nitrogen/oxygen mixture separation, is employed to illustrate the power of the proposed approach. The obtained IDEAS designs are compared with the corresponding McCabe–Thiele (conventional) minimum utility designs, and are shown to be as much as 50% more thermodynamically and economically efficient.
GLUCOSE AND ACETATE METABOLISM AND LIPOGENESIS IN MAMMARY GLANDS OF HYPOPHYSECTOMIZED RATS IN WHICH LACTATION WAS HORMONALLY INDUCED

Rats which had been hypophysectomized in midpregnancy wore injected daily during the postpartum period with either a) mammotrophin, Δ1-hydrocortisone acetate, and somatotrophin, or b) mammotrophin and Δ1-hydrocortisone acetate or c) Δ1-hydrocortisone acetate and somatotrophin. or d) one of these hormones alone. The pattern of glucose and acetate metabolism in slices of their mammary glands was evaluated by the following criteria: 1) the extent and relative conversion of glucose carbons 1, 2, and 6 to CO2 and fatty acids; 2) the relative participation of the Embden-Meyerhof and the hexoscmonophosphate oxidative pathways of glycolysis in the conversion of glucose to fatty acids; and 3) the stimulating effect of glucose on lipogenesis from acetate. Lactation was established and maintained in rats injected with hormones listed under a) and b) above. The metabolic behavior of their mammary glands was identical in all respects with that observed in mammary tissue of normal lactating rats. A metabolic feature of...
Ontogenetic Behavior and Dispersal of Sacramento River White Sturgeon, Acipenser Transmontanus, with a Note on Body Color

We studied Sacramento River white sturgeon, Acipenser transmontanus, in the laboratory to develop a conceptual model of ontogenetic behavior and provide insight into probable behavior of wild sturgeon. After hatching, free embryos initiated a low intensity, brief downstream dispersal during which fish swam near the bottom and were photonegative. The weak, short dispersal style and behavior of white sturgeon free embryos contrasts greatly with the intense, long dispersal style and behavior (photopositive and swimming far above the bottom) of dispersing free embryos of other sturgeon species. If spawned eggs are concentrated within a few kilometers downstream of a spawning site, the adaptive significance of the free embryo dispersal is likely to move fish away from the egg deposition site to avoid predation and reduce fish density prior to feeding. Larvae foraged on the open bottom, swam <1 m above the bottom, aggregated, but did not disperse. Early juveniles initiated a strong dispersal with fish strongly vigorously swimming downstream. Duration of the juvenile dispersal is unknown, but the strong swimming likely disperses fish many kilometers. Recruitment failure in white sturgeon populations may be a mis-match between the innate fish dispersal and post-dispersal rearing habitat, which is now highly altered by damming and reservoirs. Sacramento River white sturgeon has a two-step downstream dispersal by the free embryo and juvenile life intervals. Diel activity of all life intervals peaked at night, whether fish were dispersing or foraging. Nocturnal behavior is likely a response to predation, which occurs during both activities. An intense black-tail body color was present on foraging larvae, but was weak or absent on the two life intervals that disperse. Black-tail color may be an adaptation for avoiding predation, signaling among aggregated larvae, or both, but not for dispersal.
Evidence in a glassy cosmic spherule from Antarctica for grazing incidence encounters with the Earth's atmosphere

— Cosmic dust accreted by the Earth can be extensively reprocessed during atmospheric encounters. The textures and compositions of reprocessed material provide important constraints by which the processes affecting extraterrestrial matter in the Earth's atmosphere can be better understood. Here we report results on an unusual Antarctic glassy cosmic spherule that demonstrates strong textural evidence for at least two grazing incidence encounters with the Earth's atmosphere prior to final reentry. The particle consists of a central glassy core with four peripheral glass lobes that transect a silicate particle rim. The texture of the particle confirms previous theoretical speculations that some high velocity, low incidence angle interplanetary particles experience numerous encounters with the Earth's atmosphere and also indicates that micrometeorites demonstrating multiple melting episodes should be interpreted with caution.
Changes in amino acid composition of aortic elastin with aging and atherosclerosis

Abstract Elastins have been isolated by hot alkaline extraction from the aortic connective tissue of subjects of different ages, and their amino acid composition has been studied. A lower content of aspartic acid, glutamic acid, and histidine was observed in the elastins from the aortas of younger subjects than in those from the aortas of older subjects. Similar changes have been reported in elastins isolated by this technique from the lungs of young subjects. No significant changes in amino acid composition of aortic elastins appeared to be associated with either the severity or duration of atherosclerosis, when isolated by the technique of alkaline extraction.
Life without kinase: cyclin E promotes DNA replication licensing and beyond.

In a recent issue of Molecular Cell , Sicinski and colleagues report the surprising discovery that cyclin E promotes replication licensing and transformation independently of CDKs, resolving inconsistencies of inactivating cyclin E and CDK2 in the mouse and cells (Geng et al., 2007).
The use of a resorbable plating system for treatment of craniosynostosis.

Abstract Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a resorbable plating system (Lactosorb; Walter Lorenz Surgical, Inc, Jacksonville, FL) as a fixation method in the treatment of craniosynostosis. Patients and Methods: Ten children with 15 affected sutures underwent craniotomies ranging from release of 1 suture to total calvarial reconstruction. The 1.5 Lactosorb plating system was used as the method of fixation in all cases. Patients were evaluated clinically and with computed tomography scans before discharge postoperatively, and at the 3-, 6-, and 9-month intervals. Results: In all 10 cases there was no evidence of neosynostosis, malposed osseous segments, or restriction of growth or calvarial expansion. In addition, none of the complications seen with more traditional techniques were evident in these patients. Conclusion: Resorbable plating systems provide a viable alternative to the more traditional fixation techniques that have been used to treat craniosynostosis and craniofacial dysostosis. © 2001 American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
does ion tearing exist

Theoretical models of reconnection in the geomagnetic tail and its relationship to the collisionless tearing mode are examined analytically. The focus is on attempts to remove the stabilizing effects of electron compressibility in the quasi-neutral sheet. It is shown that this goal can be achieved by introducing spatial diffusion of electrons across the magnetic-flux surfaces, but not by wave-turbulent pitch-angle scattering (Coroniti, 1980) or nonadiabatic stochastic first-invariant diffusion (Buechner and Zelenyi, 1988). Hence the ion tearing mode does not exist, but the electron tearing mode does.
Transcriptional regulator Id2 controls survival of hepatic NKT cells

Natural killer T cells expressing an invariant T-cell receptor (iNKT) regulate activation of both innate and adaptive immunity in many contexts. iNKT cells accumulate in the liver and rapidly produce prodigious amounts of numerous cytokines upon activation, impacting the immune response to viral infection, immunosurveillance for malignant cells, and liver regeneration. However, little is known about the factors controlling iNKT homeostasis, survival and hepatic localization. Here, we report that the absence of the transcriptional regulator Id2 resulted in a severe, intrinsic defect in the accumulation of hepatic iNKT cells. Id2-deficient iNKT cells showed increased cell death in the liver, although migration and functional activity were not impaired in comparison to Id2-expressing iNKT cells. Id2-deficient iNKT cells exhibited diminished expression of CXCR6, a critical determinant of iNKT cell accumulation in the liver, and of the anti-apoptotic molecules bcl-2 and bcl-XL, compared to Id2-sufficient iNKT cells. Furthermore, survival and accumulation of iNKT cells lacking Id2 expression was rescued by deficiency in bim, a key pro-apoptotic molecule. Thus, Id2 was necessary to establish a hepatic iNKT cell population, defining a role for Id2 and implicating the Id targets, E protein transcription factors, in the regulation of iNKT cell homeostasis.