cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The ARRIVE Trial: Interpretation from an Epidemiologic Perspective

The findings of the ARRIVE trial (A Randomized Trial of Induction Versus Expectant Management) were recently published. This multi-site randomized trial was designed to provide evidence regarding whether labor induction or expectant management is associated with increased adverse perinatal outcomes and risk of cesarean birth among healthy nulliparous women at term. The trial reported that the primary outcome, a composite of adverse neonatal outcomes, was not significantly different between the two groups; the principal secondary outcome, cesarean birth, was significantly more common among women whose pregnancy was expectantly managed than among women whose labor was induced at 39 weeks. These results have the potential to change existing practice. Several aspects of the study design may influence its potential internal and external validity and should be considered in order to make sound causal inferences from this trial, which will in turn affect how its findings are translated to practice. While chance and confounding are of minimal concern, given the sample size and randomization used in the study, selection bias may be a concern. Studies are vulnerable to selection bias when the sample population differs from eligible non-participants, including in randomized controlled trials. External validity is defined as the extent to which the study population and setting are representative of the larger source population the study intends to represent. External validity may be limited given the characteristics of the women enrolled in the ARRIVE trial and the practice settings where the study was conducted. This brief report provides concrete suggestions for further analyses that could help solidify conclusions from the trial, and for further research questions that will continue advancement toward answering this complex question of how best to manage labor and delivery decisions at full term among low-risk women.
The relationship of hypertension with obesity and obstructive sleep apnea in adolescents

OBJECTIVES To assess the independent relationships of obesity and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) with hypertension/elevated blood pressure (EBP) in adolescent patients. STUDY DESIGN A retrospective cohort analysis was performed on 501 patients (age 13-21 years) with three separate blood pressure measurements within 6 months of polysomnography. EBP was defined as average systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≤120 mm Hg; obesity as body mass index Z-score ≤1.65; and OSA as obstructive apnea-hypopnea index <1. Pearson correlations and multivariable analyses were performed to assess the independent effects of the apnea-hypopnea index and body mass index Z-score on SBP. RESULTS Of 501 patients (mean age 16 ± 2 years), 246 (49%) were male. OSA was present in 329 (66%) patients, obesity in 337 (67%), and EBP in 262 (52%). EBP was present in 70% of obese adolescents and 60% of adolescents with OSA. Univariable correlation showed a significant relationship between SBP, body mass index Z-score, and apnea-hypopnea index. Multivariable linear regression analysis showed blood pressure was significantly associated with body mass index Z-score (β = .46; P < .01), age (β = .25; P < .01), and height Z-score (β = .14; P < .01), but not apnea-hypopnea index (β = .01; P = .72). CONCLUSIONS The relationship between OSA and EBP in adolescents is most closely associated with the degree of obesity. Further studies are needed to assess the effect of the treatment of obesity and OSA on blood pressure in adolescents.
CREDIT WORTHINESS OF SOME FARMERS IN NUBARIA

Agricultural credit plays an important and, indeed, crucial role in solving many of the difficult problems faced by farmers, especially their young ones, where financing is the mainstay of agricultural investment. The research problem is the high level of financing requirements in the new lands, in addition to some economic problems facing the agricultural sector in general and the new lands in particular. The objective of the research is to determine the creditworthiness of a sample of farmers in the new lands and to determine their ability to achieve a return that allows the repayment of the loan Its cost, and increase the net income of the borrower. As well as to identify the social and economic characteristics of the sample of the research, and identify the most important financing problems facing the new land farmers, and how to overcome them. The results showed that the increase in the volume of loans to cover the costs had a positive effect on the productivity of acres of crops. The ratio of debt coverage to the total average yield of field crops was achieved more than once, covering about 1.4 of the total debt. The yield of vegetable crops achieved more than twice, about 2.2of the total debt. As for the ratio of debt coverage to the total average yield of fruit crops, it achieved three times, about 3.3 of total debt. That is, all crops have a return that covers the required debt, ie, they have a high credit capacity. Although the bank is vulnerable to high risk loans, it does not cover the total return of crops by 100% although all the sample has guarantees other than crop yield, which makes them have credit capacity exceeding 100% of their crop yield. To cover the bank debt from the net yield of crops.
Evidentiality, Modality, and Speech Acts

Evidential constructions have two main semantic effects: They contribute information about an individual's source of evidence, and they potentially modify the force of a sentence. In this article, ...
Growth rates in the giant rosette plants Dendrosenecio adnivalis and Lobelia wollastonii on the Ruwenzori Mountains, Uganda

Stem lengths of Dendrosenecio adnivalis and Lobelia wollastonii were measured three times over 5.5 years in the Ruwenzori Mountains, Uganda. These are the only growth data for these two species. Both species had highly variable growth rates. Absolute growth rates in D. adnivalis were not related to the number of rosettes, inflorescences or initial height of plants. The D. adnivalis that were shorter at the beginning of the study grew proportionately faster than did taller individuals. Growth rate was positively associated with annual rainfall for D. adnivalis on the Ruwenzori Mountains, D. keniodendron on Mount Kenya, and D. battiscombei on the Aberdare Mountains. Lobelia wollastonii that were taller at the beginning of the study had greater absolute growth rates than did shorter plants. There was no significant relationship between the initial height and proportional increase in height for L. wollastonii. Growth rate and height are unreliable indicators of age for both species. Keywords: Dendrosenecio, Lobelia, growth rates, Ruwenzori Mountains
Histological assessment of developmental cell death in Drosophila pupae

Summary This protocol describes the embedding and processing of Drosophila pupae in paraffin to monitor tissue changes during development. Although multiple methods are available to evaluate developmental changes in Drosophila embryos, imaging detailed changes during metamorphosis is challenging as the animal is enclosed in the cuticle, rendering it inaccessible to whole mount imaging. Here, we present a protocol that focuses on developmental clearance of the larval salivary glands in Drosophila pupae that can be extended to examine other tissues/stages for similar purposes. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Velentzas et al. (2018) .
PERKEMBANGAN BENTUK DAN MOTIF ALAT MUSIK SAMPEK PRODUKSI BANDOT WALIYO DI DUSUN SENGGOTAN KASIHAN BANTUL YOGYAKARTA PERIODE TAHUN 2011-2014

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah : 1) Mendeskripsikan tentang perkembangan bentuk dan motif alat musik sampek produksi Bandot Waliyo. 2) Mendeskripsikan proses pembuatan alat musik sampek produksi Bandot Waliyo di dusun Senggotan Kasihan Bantul Yogyakarta. 3) Mendeskripsikan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi perkembangan bentuk dan motif alat musik sampek produksi Bandot Waliyo. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif yaitu mendeskripsikan, menganalisis dan memaparkan fenomena dan peristiwa yang akan diuraikan dengan sistematis dan verbal berdasarkan data yang diperoleh. Variabel penelitian ini ganda, yaitu Perkembangan Bentuk dan Motif Alat Musik Sampek Produksi Bandot Waliyo di dusun Senggotan Kasihan Bantul Yogyakarta. Subyek penelitian ini adalah Hasil produksi alat musik sampek karya Bandot Waliyo di Dusun Senggotan Kasihan Bantul Yogyakarta , sedangkan obyeknya adalah Perkembangan bentuk dan motif alat musik sampek produksi Bandot Waliyo, serta proses pembuatan alat musik sampek. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan metode interview, observasi dan dokumentasi. Instrumen yang digunakan meliputi angket atau kuesioner, alat tulis, handphone, kamera dan komputer. Teknik analisis data dengan cara menghimpun data, mereduksi data, mengklarifi kasi data, menarik kesimpulan dan menyusun laporan. Dari hasil penelitian dapat ditarik kesimpulan yaitu : 1) Alat musik sampek produksi Bandot Waliyo mengalami perkembangan yaitu pada bentuk dan motif hiasan bagian kepala sampek yang bervariasi mulai dari bentuk kepala burung enggang, bentuk sulur dan bentuk kepala naga 2) Proses pembuatan alat musik sampek menggunakan teknik kerja bangku/pertukangan yang terdiri dari tahap pengolahan bahan, pembentukan body, pengukiran dan fi nishing 3) Faktor yang mempengaruhi perkembangan bentuk alat musik sampek yaitu permintaan pasar yang menghendaki bentuk, ukuran dan motif yang berbeda-beda sesuai keinginan konsumen. Kata kunci: Perkembangan, Bentuk, Motif, Alat Musik Sampek.
Real time adaptive machine translation: cdec and TransCenter

cdec Realtime and TransCenter provide an end-to-end experimental setup for machine translation post-editing research. Realtime provides a framework for building adaptive MT systems that learn from post-editor feedback while TransCenter incorporates a web-based translation interface that connects users to these systems and logs post-editing activity. This combination allows the straightforward deployment of MT systems specifically for post-editing and analysis of translator productivity when working with adaptive systems. Both toolkits are freely available under open source licenses.
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in sediments collected from the Pensacola Bay System watershed

Abstract Sediment samples from 25 locations in the Pensacola Bay System (PBS) watershed were analyzed for the presence of 51 per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) using ultra high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) and selected reaction monitoring. Results revealed quantifiable concentrations of PFAS in all sampling locations. More specifically, perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA) was present in every sediment sample with a minimum and maximum concentration of 0.04 to 0.48 ng g−1 dry weight, respectively, across the 25 sites with an average of 0.1 ± 0.09 ng g−1. While PFOS, with an average of 0.11 ± 0.14 ng g−1 (range:
Reconciling Christianity and Liberalism

Comments on Nicholas Wolterstorff, The Mighty and the Almighty: An Essay in Political Theology (Cambridge University Press, 2012) prepared for a colloquium at Notre Dame Law School on March 28, 2014.
Controlling anisotropy of porous B4C structures through magnetic field-assisted freeze-casting

Abstract Anisotropic porous boron carbide (B4C) structures were successfully produced, for the first time, using the magnetic field-assisted freeze casting method. The effect of the magnetic field on the structure and mechanical strength of the formed porous B4C was compared for two different magnetic field directions that were either aligned with ice growth (vertical), or perpendicular to the ice growth direction (horizontal). It was shown that applying even a weak horizontal magnetic field of 0.1–0.3 T noticeably affected the alignment of mineral bridges between lamellar walls. Both the porosity and the channel widths decreased with increasing horizontal magnetic field strength. In the case of a vertical magnetic field, a larger strength of 0.4 T was required for highly aligned lamellar walls and larger channel widths. Compression strength tests indicated that the application of magnetic fields led to more homogeneously aligned channels, which resulted in increased compression strength in the longitudinal (parallel to the ice growth) direction. Applying a vertical magnetic field of 0.4 T with a cooling rate of 2 °C/min during the freezing step of the magnetic field-assisted freeze-casting method was found to result in the best conditions for producing highly anisotropic structures with large channel widths and fewer mineral bridges, which led to an increase in the mechanical strength.
Underground Nuclear Testing on Novaya Zemlya: The Physical Background

(1994). Underground Nuclear Testing on Novaya Zemlya: The Physical Background. Post-Soviet Geography: Vol. 35, No. 3, pp. 123-141.
Imperial Crisis and Muslim-Christian Relations in Ottoman Syria and Palestine, c. 1770-1830

In the middle of the nineteenth century, a wave of anti-Christian violence broke out in Ottoman Syria. Prevailing interpretations tie this social turmoil to the region’s sudden integration into the modern world economy, further aggravated by state reforms that upset long-standing political hierarchies. This paper argues that the origins of these disturbances lay not in the penetration of the modern world economy but in the extended political crisis that shook the Ottoman Empire during the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. Sectarian tensions therefore need to be seen, at their root, as political reactions to the slow disintegration of the early-modern political order. In its timing and causes, this Ottoman experience helps to highlight a broader “sectarian turn” that overtook many other parts of Eurasia in the same period.
Garcilaso y Garcilaso

L'A. examine les changements de nom successifs de Gomez Suarez de Figueroa, qui devint Gomez Suarez de la Vega, puis Garcilaso de la Vega, et qui beaucoup plus tard, ajouta a son nom le titre honorifique d'Inga. Il analyse cette metamorphose, ou conversion poetique de l'Inca, marquee par le changement de nom, et qui tient son origine dans le contexte ideologique et sa foi catholique, et dans le lien de la doctrine chretienne avec le neoplatonisme
L-plastin Peptide Activation of αvβ3-mediated Adhesion Requires Integrin Conformational Change and Actin Filament Disassembly

Abstract L-plastin (LPL) is a leukocyte actin binding protein previously implicated in the activation of the integrin αMβ2 on polymorphonuclear neutrophils. To determine the role for LPL in integrin activation, K562 cell adhesion to vitronectin via αvβ3, a well-studied model for activable integrins, was examined. Cell permeant versions of peptides based on the N-terminal sequence of LPL and the LPL headpiece domain both activated αvβ3-mediated adhesion. In contrast to adhesion induced by treatment with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), LPL peptide-activated adhesion was independent of integrin β3 cytoplasmic domain tyrosines and was not inhibited by cytochalasin D. Also in contrast to PMA, LPL peptides synergized with RGD ligand or Mn2+ for generation of a conformational change in αvβ3 associated with the high affinity state of the integrin, as determined by binding of a ligand-induced binding site antibody. Although LPL and ligand showed synergy for ligand-induced binding site expression when actin depolymerization was inhibited by jasplakinolide, LPL peptide-induced adhesion was inhibited. Thus, both actin depolymerization and ligand-induced integrin conformational change are required for LPL peptide-induced adhesion. We hypothesize that the critical steps of increased integrin diffusion and affinity enhancement may be linked via modulation of the function of the actin binding protein l-plastin.
Building Applications for Ubiquitous Computing Environments

Ubiquitous computing embodies a fundamental change from traditional desktop computing. The computational environment is augmented with heterogeneous devices, choice of input and output devices, mobile users, and contextual information. The design of systems and applications needs to accommodate this new operating environment. In this paper, we present our vision of future computing environments we term User Virtual Spaces, the challenges facing developers, and how they motivate the need for new application design. We present our approach for developing applications that are portable across ubiquitous computing environments and describe how we use contextual information to store and organize application data and user preferences. We present an application we have implemented that illustrates the advantages of our techniques in this new computing environment.
Cigarette smoking: an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis in the hypogastric-cavernous arterial bed of men with arteriogenic impotence.

AbstractWe investigated the relationship between cigarette smoking and atherosclerosis of the hypogastriccavernous arterial bed by evaluating. arteriograms of young impotent men referred for selective pudendal angiography. Those patients with hemodynamically significant atherosclerosis had smoked more pack-years than had patients without arterial disease. These differences were statistically significant (p <0.05) for the common penile artery (32.8 pack-years, 40 patients versus 22.3 pack-years, 57 patients) and the dorsal artery (31.3 pack-years, 48 patients versus 22.0 pack-years, 49 patients).The effect of cigarette smoking as an independent risk factor for atherosclerotic disease in the hypogastric-cavernous arterial bed was evaluated as well. When controlled for age, trauma history, hypertension and diabetes, cigarette smoking was independently associated with atherosclerosis in the internal pudendal artery (p <0.05). The relative risk (and 95% confidence interval) of developing internal pudendal arte...
A Boosting Approach to Learning Graph Representations

Learning the right graph representation from noisy, multisource data has garnered significant interest in recent years. A central tenet of this problem is relational learning. Here the objective is to incorporate the partial information each data source gives us in a way that captures the true underlying relationships. To address this challenge, we present a general, boosting-inspired framework for combining weak evidence of entity associations into a robust similarity metric. We explore the extent to which different quality measurements yield graph representations that are suitable for community detection. We then present empirical results on both synthetic and real datasets demonstrating the utility of this framework. Our framework leads to suitable global graph representations from quality measurements local to each edge. Finally, we discuss future extensions and theoretical considerations of learning useful graph representations from weak feedback in general application settings.
National Dairy Council Award for Excellence in Medical/Dental Nutrition Education Lecture, 1993: some early beginnings and what now?

In 1942 the Department of Nutrition was established at Harvard University jointly in the schools of public health and medicine. It continues to stimulate and expand the teaching of nutrition in these schools, as well as in the school of dental medicine and similar schools in other universities. Nutrition is so broadly involved in health and disease that it should be woven, in an organized fashion, into many of the standard courses in these and other health professional schools. A separate, more detailed course in nutrition may be made available for those who wish to learn more about nutrition. Exposing nutrition quackery and other types of nutrition misinformation should be part of any program in nutrition education, particularly in schools of medicine, public health, and dentistry
Comparative Susceptibility of Chickens and Turkeys to Avian Influenza A H7N2 Virus Infection and Protective Efficacy of a Commercial Avian Influenza H7N2 Virus Vaccine

Abstract During the spring of 2002, a low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) A (H7N2) virus caused a major outbreak among commercial poultry in Virginia and adjacent states. The virus primarily affected turkey flocks, causing respiratory distress and decreased egg production. Experimentally, turkeys were more susceptible than chickens to H7N2 virus infection, with 50% bird infectious dose titers equal to 100.8 and 102.8–3.2, respectively. Comparison of virus shedding from the cloaca and oropharynx demonstrated that recent H7N2 virus isolates were readily isolated from the upper respiratory tract but rarely from the gastrointestinal tract. The outbreak of H7N2 virus raised concerns regarding the availability of vaccines that could be used for the prevention and control of this virus in poultry. We sought to determine if an existing commercial avian influenza (AI) vaccine prepared from a 1997 seed stock virus could provide protection against a 2002 LPAI H7N2 virus isolated from a turkey (A/turkey/Virginia/15...
Of Limits and Growth: The Rise of Global Sustainable Development in the Twentieth Century

Introduction: on the origins of 'sustainable development' 1. The rise of international conservation and post-war development 2. Parks and poverty in Africa: conservation, decolonization, and development 3. 'The world's most dangerous political issue': the 1972 Stockholm conference and the politics of environmental protection 4. When small seemed beautiful: NGOs, appropriate technology, and international development in the 1970s 5. Leveraging the lenders: the quest for environmental impact statements in the United States and the World Bank 6. Conservation for development: the World Conservation Strategy and the rise of sustainable development planning 7. The persistence of old problems: the politics of environment and development at the Rio Earth Summit Conclusion: the limits and growth of NGOs.
Facilitators and barriers to integrated employment: Results of focus group analysis

The current study examined narrative data from a series of semi-structured focus groups in order to identify and examine the proficiencies and deficiencies in practice competencies specific to job functions in the changing practice environment of vocational rehabilitation (VR). Focus groups were conducted with members of organizations, individual service providers, as well as consumers and their families, and data were gathered to determine the potential barriers to employment and service needs of individuals with the most significant disabilities living in Wisconsin. Three major domains identified by the comprehensive needs assessment are employment knowledge, systems interactions and navigation, and consumer needs. Recommendations are aimed at increasing opportunities for community-based employment for persons with disabilities, increasing communication between consumers and service providers, and most importantly, eliminating financial disincentives that promote facility based employment.
Creating a measurement scheduler for automated operation of the radio spectrum measurement system

Limited time, funding, and personnel resources require that spectrum surveys be performed with maximum efficiency. This paper describes an approach taken to achieve this high efficiency: the automation of time intensive measurements that are performed on a regular basis. Organizations that are responsible for spectrum management periodically require spectrum surveys to identify spectrum usage and compatibility issues. The Institute for Telecommunication Sciences (ITS) has developed an automated scheduler to reduce the need for highly trained personnel on-site and to collect/record data on a 24-hour basis. This paper details the development and implementation of the scheduler, including future plans for its enhancement.
Homozygosity and S Gene Mutation

THE S locus governing gametophytic self-incompatibility in plants is particularly suited to mutation studies. Pollen grains having an unmutated allele are unable to grow through a style carrying the same allele. In contrast ‘mutant’ grains produce pollen-tubes which may overcome the incompatibility barrier. Thus, mutation can be scored simply as seeds produced in normally sterile matings, and then subjected to confirmation by progeny phenotypes. Studies of S locus mutations have been confined to heterozygous plants2–4 as homozygotes are difficult to obtain in many species. Since pollen S phenotype is a gametophytic character, it has been implied that mutation frequencies of alleles in homozygous plants would simply reflect those of alleles in the corresponding heterozygotes. The present study does not support this postulate.
Greedy cuts: an advancing front terrain triangulation algorithm

We propose advancing-front techniques for the problem of simplification of dense digitized terrain models. While most simplification algorithms have been based on either incremental refinement or decimation techniques, our Greedy-Cuts algorithms use a simple triangulationgrowth procedure. They work by taking greedy cuts (“bites”) out of a simple closed polygon that bounds a connected component of the yet-to-be triangulated region. The method begins with a large polygon, bounding the whole extent of the terrain to be triangulated, and works its way inward, performing at each step one of three basic operations: ear cutting, greedy biting, and edge splitting. In this paper, we present both the basic Greedy-Cuts framework (which has been introduced in our earlier paper) and a new enhancement of the Greedy-Cuts method that improves the quality of the resulting triangulation. This improvement is made possible through the maintenance of two “fronts”, a real front and a virtual front, that bound between them a region of the terrain that has only a tentative triangulation. By allowing simple local operations (edge collapses and edge flips) in the tentative triangulation, we are able to avoid many of the artifacts of the basic Greedy-Cuts advancing-front technique, while not significantly affecting memory usage or running time. Our implementation of Greedy-Cuts, as well as its multi-front enhancement is publicly available in the GcTin system. We give experimental evidence of the effectiveness of the multi-front enhancement to the Greedy-Cuts method and show that our method is competitive with current algorithms in terms of running time. One of the major advantages of our implementation is that it requires very little memory beyond that for the input height array.
Intergenerational Occupational Mobility in Great Britain and the United States since 1850

Abstract The US tolerates more inequality than Europe and believes its economic mobility is greater than Europe's, though they had roughly equal rates of intergenerational occupational mobility in the late twentieth century. We extend this comparison into the nineteenth century using 10,000 nationally-representative British and US fathers and sons. The US was more mobile than Britain through 1900, so in the experience of those who created the US welfare state in the 1930s, the US had indeed been “exceptional.” The US mobility lead over Britain was erased by the 1950s, as US mobility fell from its nineteenth century levels. (JEL J62, N31, N32, N33, N34)
Synergetic effect of Re and Ru on γ/γ′ interface strengthening of Ni-base single crystal superalloys

Abstract The synergetic effect of Re and Ru on γ/γ′ interface strengthening of Ni-base SC superalloys has been investigated by performing DMol3 calculations. Results show that the synergetic effect of Re and Ru on the interface strengthening is better than that achieved by the individual Re or Ru due to Re-d/Ru-d, Re-d/Ni-d and Ru-d/Ni-d hybridizations. The electronic mechanism underlying the synergetic effect of Re and Ru on γ/γ′ interface strengthening is related to the charge transfer of electrons and the enhancement of d-bonding hybridization among ReRu, ReNi and RuNi atoms.
Robotic-assisted laparoscopic reconstruction of the upper urinary tract: tips and tricks.

OBJECTIVES To examine whether simple tips and tricks provided in this manuscript and video make robotic reconstruction of the urinary tract possible from the renal calyx to the bladder. The da Vinci Surgical System (Intuitive Surgical, Inc., Sunnyvale, CA) has been widely accepted by urologists for complex reconstructive maneuvers such as radical prostatectomy and pyeloplasty. METHODS The manuscript and accompanying video outline tips and tricks for patient selection, patient evaluation, port placement, dissection techniques, robotic docking, ureteral repair, and stent management for complex urinary tract reconstruction of the upper urinary tract from the level of the renal calyx to the bladder. RESULTS Modifications such as port placement, robotic docking techniques, and ureter reconstruction have simplified the technique of complex robotic-assisted laparoscopic reconstruction of the urinary tract. CONCLUSIONS Numerous scenarios can be encountered during robotic-assisted laparoscopic repair of the upper urinary tract. Simple tips and tricks provided in this manuscript and video make robotic reconstruction of the urinary tract possible from the renal calyx to the bladder.
Palynology and palynofacies analyses of the Gray Fossil Site, eastern Tennessee: Their role in understanding the basin-fill history

Abstract The Gray Fossil Site (GFS) includes multiple karst sub-basins that are filled with lacustrine sediments. Early paleontologic work on one of the sub-basins (GFS-2) indicates a late Miocene/early Pliocene age based on an assemblage of well-preserved vertebrate fossils. However, detailed palynological analysis of the 38.7 m deep GFS-1 core recovered from another sub-basin indicates an older age. The presence of Caryapollenites imparalis , C. inelegans and C. prodromus association suggests a Paleocene to Eocene age for the GFS-1 core section. This age is also supported by the absence of pollen of the Poaceae, the grass family that is not commonly present until the Neogene. Age constraints from palynologic data suggest that the GFS has a more complex basin-fill history than previously suspected, and that multiple depo-centers within the basin may have been periodically active through the Cenozoic. Palynofacies analysis of the GFS-1 core indicates that phytoclasts and opaques are the most abundant organic constituents and have diluted both the palynomorph population and amorphous organic matter. Two possible scenarios can account for this observation: 1) an oxidizing depositional paleoenvironment; and 2) a localized high flux of charcoal following wildfires and subsequent increased runoff.
NF5Viable or Not

The structure, bonding, harmonic vibrational frequencies, and decomposition reactions of NF5 were studied employing complete active space SCF (CASSCF), multireference configuration interaction (MRC...
Environmental Regulation and the Spatial Structure of the U.S. Dairy Sector

Substantial public scrutiny about adverse environmental impacts of the dairy sector has resulted in increased environmental regulations. A behavioral model of location and production is developed to examine the impacts of environmental regulations, traditional location factors, and agglomeration economies on the spatial structure and geographical location of dairy production. The results show that counties in the states with more stringent environmental regulations tend to lose dairy inventories to those with less stringent policies. There are substantially meaningful spatial patterns of dairy production. Current dairy production levels are positively correlated while changes in production levels are negatively correlated across counties.
Robust solution procedure for the discrete energy-averaged model on the calculation of 3D hysteretic magnetization and magnetostriction of iron–gallium alloys

Abstract A reformulation of the Discrete Energy-Averaged model for the calculation of 3D hysteretic magnetization and magnetostriction of iron-gallium (Galfenol) alloys is presented in this paper. An analytical solution procedure based on an eigenvalue decomposition is developed. This procedure avoids the singularities present in the existing approximate solution by offering multiple local minimum energy directions for each easy crystallographic direction. This improved robustness is crucial for use in finite element codes. Analytical simplifications of the 3D model to 2D and 1D applications are also presented. In particular, the 1D model requires calculation for only one easy direction, while all six easy directions must be considered for general applications. Compared to the approximate solution procedure, it is shown that the resulting robustness comes at no expense for 1D applications, but requires almost twice the computational effort for 3D applications. To find model parameters, we employ the average of the hysteretic data, rather than anhysteretic curves, which would require additional measurements. An efficient optimization routine is developed that retains the dimensionality of the prior art. The routine decouples the parameters into exclusive sets, some of which are found directly through a fast preprocessing step to improve accuracy and computational efficiency. The effectiveness of the model is verified by comparison with existing measurement data.
Common sense in Thomas Reid

This paper explains the nature and role of common sense in Reid and uses the exposition to answer some of Reid's critics. The key to defending Reid is to distinguish between two kinds of priority that common sense beliefs are supposed to enjoy. Common sense beliefs enjoy epistemological priority in that they constitute a foundation for knowledge; i.e. they have evidential status without being grounded in further evidence themselves. Common sense beliefs enjoy methodological priority in that they constrain philosophical theory: they serve as pre-theoretical commitments that philosophical theories ought to respect in the absence of good reasons for rejecting them.
Meteorological influences on sea level and water temperature in the lower Chesapeake Bay : 1992

The influence of atmospheric forcing on the flow and heat transports in the lower Chesapeake Bay and the adjacent coastal ocean were studied by comparing nontidal sea level and sea surface temperature variations in this region with meteorological data for 1992. Northeasterly and southwesterly winds caused the greatest changes in mean sea level (greater than 0.25 m) throughout the year. Northeastely winds caused a more rapid response than southwesterly winds, causing sea-level rises in less than 6 h. Barometric pressure changes typically contributed approximately 10% to extreme sea-level variations and were less influential than wind stress in most cases. Wind forcing was also responsible for summer events in which the horizontal water temperature gradient between two near-surface locations in the vicinity of the bay mouth vanished. These zero-gradient events corresponded to inflows and outflows at the bay's entrance caused by northeasterly and southwesterly winds, respectively. Wind-induced advection outside the lower Chesapeake Bay was additionally responsible for extreme heat flux variations. Heat gains and losses during the spring and fall occurred in pulsating events related to wind direction but were probably not connected to lower bay processes.
Effect of hormone replacement and selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) on the biomechanics and biochemistry of pelvic support ligaments in the cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis)

Objective To evaluate the effect of selective estrogen receptor modulators and ethinyl estradiol on the biomechanical and biochemical properties of the uterosacral and round ligaments in the monkey model of menopause. Study Design A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study on 11 female macaque monkeys. Ovariectomized monkeys received 12 weeks of placebo, raloxifene, tamoxifen, or ethinyl estradiol. Biomechanical step-strain testing and real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed on the uterosacral and round ligaments. Results Tamoxifen and raloxifene uterosacrals expressed differing collagen I /III receptor density ratios, but both selective estrogen receptor modulators showed decreased tensile stiffness compared to ethinyl estradiol and controls. Conclusion These findings support a possible effect of selective estrogen receptor modulators on biomechanical and biochemical properties of uterosacrals. This may play a role in pelvic organ prolapse.
Comparison of Student and Recruiter Values.

Abstract Value priorities of campus employment recruiters and senior liberal arts students were compared using Rokeach's Value Survey. Three hypotheses were confirmed: (1) Significant differences were found between groups' rankings of values. Students ranked idealistic values high, while recruiters ranked values applicable to business near the top. (2) A greater number of significant differences were found among instrumental values than among terminal values. (3) Regardless of the sex of the applicants, recruiters chose applicants expressing masculine rather than feminine values.
Glucosamine sulfate modulates the levels of aggrecan and matrix metalloproteinase-3 synthesized by cultured human osteoarthritis articular chondrocytes.

Abstract Objective : The functional integrity of articular cartilage is determined by a balance between chondrocyte biosynthesis of extracellular matrix and its degradation. In osteoarthritis (OA), the balance is disturbed by an increase in matrix degradative enzymes and a decrease in biosynthesis of constitutive extracellular matrix molecules, such as collagen type II and aggrecan. In this study, we examined the effects of the sulfate salt of glucosamine (GS) on the mRNA and protein levels of the proteoglycan aggrecan and on the activity of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3 in cultured human OA articular chondrocytes. Design : Freshly isolated chondrocytes were obtained from knee cartilage of patients with OA. Levels of aggrecan and MMP-3 were determined in culture media by employing Western blots after incubation with GS at concentrations ranging from 0.2 to 200μM. Zymography (casein) was performed to confirm that effects observed at the protein level were reflected at the level of enzymatic activity. Northern hybridizations were used to examine effects of GS on levels of aggrecan and MMP-3 mRNA. Glycosaminoglycan (GAG) assays were performed on the cell layers to determine levels of cell-associated GAG component of proteoglycans. Results : Treatment of OA chondrocytes with GS (1.0–150μM) resulted in a dose-dependent increase in aggrecan core protein levels, which reached 120% at 150μM GS. These effects appeared to be due to increased expression of the corresponding gene as indicated by an increase in aggrecan mRNA levels in response to GS. MMP-3 levels decreased (18–65%) as determined by Western blots. Reduction of MMP-3 protein was accompanied by a parallel reduction in enzymatic activity. GS caused a dose-dependent increase (25–140%) in cell-associated GAG content. Chondrocytes obtained from 40% of OA patients failed to respond to GS. Conclusions : The results indicate that GS can stimulate mRNA and protein levels of aggrecan core protein and, at the same time, inhibit production and enzymatic activity of matrix-degrading MMP-3 in chondrocytes from OA articular cartilage. These results provide a cogent molecular mechanism to support clinical observations suggesting that GS may have a beneficial effect in the prevention of articular cartilage loss in some patients with OA.
Optical measurement of profile and contact angle of liquids on transparent substrates

On developpe une methode basee sur l'interferometrie holographique et a dedoublement du front d'onde; application a la mesrure du profil de gouttelettes de liquide en equilibre dans l'air sur des supports de verre plats et horizontaux
Accumulation, Technical Change, and Prisoners' Dilemmas: A Rejoinder to Frank Thompson:

Frank Thompson has proposed (this Review, 30(1): 90-107) that accumulation can cause the profit rate to fall (by forcing the wage rate to rise), but that biased technical change, by itself, can only cause the profit rate to rise (by forcing the wage rate to fall). By contrast, this paper argues that: 1) accumulation pressure generates cycles in the profit rate, but no trend; 2) biased technical change may (and in most circumstances is likely to) produce cycles around a falling trend. This is because the fall in the profit rate is associated with a rise in the profit share, and this latter rise reduces the degree of the optimal bias sought by capitalists and therefore establishes dynamic balance in the labor market at a lower rate of profit. Marx's story is therefore confirmed in a nuanced and conditional manner that focuses attention on the empirical conditions and social relations pro-ducing this particular contradictory law of motion.
Uteroglobin: a potential novel tumor suppressor and molecular therapeutic for prostate cancer.

Abstract Currently, there are very few diagnostic or therapeutic strategies targeted at controlling tumor growth and progression towards metastasis. Uteroglobin (UG) is a naturally occurring, small, stable, secretory protein that is normally expressed by most cells of epithelial origin but is known to be lost during the progression of prostate, lung, and uterine cancers to invasive malignancy. Uteroglobin −/− knockout mice appear to be extremely cancer prone. Both pharmacological and transgenic reconstitution of recombinant human UG (rhUG) to prostate, lung, and endometrial tumor cell lines markedly inhibits their invasiveness and antagonizes the neoplastic phenotype. In preliminary studies, rhUG inhibited angiogenesis in the ex vivo rat aorta model and showed antitumor activity against human prostate tumor cells (PC-3) in the chick chorioallantoic membrane assay, reducing both tumor volume and vascularity. A recent in vivo pilot study showed that twice daily dosing with rhUG resulted in a statistically significant increase in survival without evidence of toxicity in severe combined immunodeficient mice challenged with a PC-3 cell metastasizing tumor. Thus, rhUG may slow the progression of cancer by inhibiting both tumor cell invasiveness and tumor angiogenesis. It therefore holds the potential to serve as a new weapon in the arsenal of cytostatic, antimetastatic, adjuvant treatment for cancer. In this paper, we will briefly discuss the therapeutic potential of uteroglobin-based strategies for managing prostate cancer.
Inappropriate mealtime behavior: The effects of noncontingent access to preferred tangibles on responding in functional analyses

An understanding of the functional variables associated with inappropriate mealtime behavior (IMB) is critical to developing an effective and efficient treatment for food refusal. To this aim, functional analysis methodology has been modified for the meal context, and previous research has shown that multiple sources of reinforcement maintain IMB. Functional analysis literature, related to severe problem behavior, suggests that access to preferred stimuli may abolish or compete with social reinforcers in some cases. The role of noncontingent access to preferred stimuli during the assessment of IMB has not been evaluated. The purpose of the current study was to examine the effects noncontingent access to preferred toys/activities on IMB in the presence and absence of social consequences. The specific aims were to evaluate: (1) levels of IMB when the spoon is held stationary at the child's lips when preferred tangible stimuli are present noncontingently vs. absent; (2) levels of IMB when social consequences were provided contingent upon IMB when preferred tangible stimuli are present noncontingently vs. absent. For many participants, levels of IMB were reduced with the inclusion of preferred toys/activities; while for one, levels of IMB increased. Possible implications of these findings on functional analyses of IMB will be discussed.
A Sensitive Diffusion Tensor Imaging Quantification Method to Detect Language Laterality in Children: Correlation With the Wada Test

Language is one of the highest cognitive functions of the human brain and lateralization of language function is well defined. The left hemisphere plays a dominant role relative to the right in language functions in more than 95% of right-handed healthy individuals.1,2 Accurate determination of language lateralization is critical before resective brain surgery potentially affecting language-related cortical and subcortical structures. To avoid postsurgical functional impairment, the intracarotid sodium amytal (Wada) test has been a gold standard method to define language dominance as well as the integrity of memory function in functional neurosurgery.3 Once the injection of sodium amytal is made, the dominant hemisphere is identified based on the patient’s responses to a variety of neuropsychological tests of language functions.4 However, it remains an invasive procedure and some risk factors are known to be associated with it.5 In addition, patient cooperation is required in the Wada test so that it is impractical and unreliable in the very young or uncooperative subject. Therefore, the development of alternative, noninvasive language lateralization techniques to replace the Wada test would be considered an important advance. Recently, noninvasive magnetic resonance imaging techniques such as functional magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion tensor imaging have been increasingly used to delineate language areas and pathways. Diffusion tensor imaging has been used successfully to map the structure and asymmetry of white matter fiber tracts implicated in human language function.6–9 Language network tracts, particularly the arcuate fasciculus, play a major role in language function. However, the utility of diffusion tensor imaging for predicting hemispheric laterality, a prominent feature of language organization in the human brain, has not been explored in greater detail. On the other hand, there has been greater emphasis on functional assessments of language laterality using functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) during language tasks, the results of which have shown good correlation with results of the Wada test.10–13 Since diffusion tensor imaging does not require patient participation, it can be better suited for the study of language lateralization when functional magnetic resonance imaging is not feasible. One of the most commonly used analytical approaches in diffusion tensor imaging is to extract white matter tracts using tractography, and, in fact, some recent studies have used diffusion tensor imaging tractography successfully for lateralizing language.14,15 In the present study, we combined tractography with direct quantification of the diffusion tensor imaging color-coded orientation maps to determine language laterality more objectively. In addition, the present language laterality study is performed in a younger population as compared to previous diffusion tensor imaging tractography studies involving adult populations.14,15