cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Longicorn Beetles from New Guinea and the South Pacific (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)

This first installment concerns members of the subfamilies Prioninae, Disteniinae and Cerambycinae principally from New Guinea and the Solomon, New Hebrides, Caroline and Marianas Islands. The material here reported on is from the California Academy of Sciences in San Francisco (C.A.S.), the American Museum of Natural History in New York (A.M.N.H.), the United States National Museum in Washington, D. C. (U.S.N.M.), the Hawaiian Sugar Planters' Association Experiment Station in Honolulu (H.S.P.A.) and the Taiwan Agriculture Research Institute in Taipeh, Formosa. The specimens were collected largely by members of the United States Armed Forces between 1943 and 1945, and also by Japanese entomologists between 1933 and 1942. Additional material in the American Museum of Natural History was taken on the 1936 Archbold Expedition, and at other times. Certain specimens are deposited in the Chicago Natural History Museum (C.M.N.H.) and the Lingnan Natural History Museum.
Adsorbents for Procaine-Epinephrine Solutions

ConclusionsIt is quite apparent that colloidal Ca3(PO4)2 diminishes the pressor effect of submucosally injected epinephrine.
An Experimental Evaluation of a Management Training Program

The article reports on an experiment which aimed to evaluate management development programs administered in a given organization. The author describes the methodology of the developmental effort a...
Psychodrama Intervention for Female Service Members Using the Therapeutic Spiral Model

This study assessed the ability of the Therapeutic Spiral Model to increase self-esteem and occupational participation while decreasing hopelessness in military women with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). A participant group (n = 7) and comparison group (n = 6) of military women with PTSD were given pretests: the Beck Hopelessness and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scales. Participants attended a Therapeutic Spiral Model workshop. Both groups were given posttests and a semistructured interview. Participants in the group with clinical PTSD diagnoses increased self-esteem and decreased hopelessness. The comparison group decreased self-esteem and increased hopelessness. Participants gained insight into their traumatic experiences and tools to increase participation in roles and activities. Results support the use of psychodrama intervention with female military populations with PTSD.
Experimental results of FB-MC-SS on a wideband HF NVIS propagation channel

Recently, we have proposed filter bank multicarrier spread spectrum (FB-MC-SS) as a robust and stealthy HF communication waveform. In this paper, we present our initial over the air test results of FB-MC-SS for a testing campaign that began in Spring 2016. These tests are performed for a 190 mile near vertical incidence skywave (NVIS) link from Idaho Falls, Idaho to Salt Lake City, Utah. Two waveform bandwidths are examined; a 24 kHz and a 200 kHz bandwidth. The test results demonstrate that FB-MC-SS is robust and well-suited for HF communications. Reliable data recovery is demonstrated at signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) values of as low as −20 dB. In addition, the results show the improvements in performance and stealthiness of communications as transmit signal bandwidth increases, while the bit rate and transmit power are kept fixed.
Can virtue be learned? An exploration of student learning experiences in ethics courses and their implications for influencing moral character

What does it mean to teach virtue, or to learn it? We consider this question through an institutional review board (IRB) supported research study attending to student learning experiences in undergraduate ethics courses at a Catholic university with an explicit commitment to social justice. This essay draws on and interprets qualitative data concerning the outcomes of select pedagogical approaches that involve exposing students to the experiences of others: the use of narratives; participation in structured experiential learning activities; and community engagement through deep listening and facilitated dialogue. We focus our interpretation around the implications of these pedagogies in relation to student understanding of and attitudes regarding three character traits identified as “other-regarding” virtues in theological and philosophical scholarship – altruism, compassion, and solidarity. This paper considers the implications of these pedagogies and the practical effects of different sorts of teaching strategies on students' self-understanding as moral agents.
THU0097 Change in self-reported pain reflects psychological and functional state rather than inflammatory burden in united states latinos with established rheumatoid arthritis

Background Pain represents the cardinal complaint in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). It may reflect inflammation, structural damage, or aberrant processing and regulatory mechanisms. Objectives We evaluated whether changes in pain reflect inflammatory burden variation or non-inflammatory factors in Latinos with established RA in the United States (US). Methods We evaluated 271 patients from a single academic center with complete data in parameters of interest on 2 visits, 12 months apart. Demographics, serologies, swollen and tender joint assessments, sedimentation rate, fatigue-VAS (visual analogue scale), pain-VAS, depression assessment (Patient Health Questionnaire-PHQ9), functional disability (Health Assessment Questionnaire, HAQ-DI), presence of erosions and irreversible articular damage (IAD, including subluxation, fusion, arthrodesis, or prosthesis) were recorded. Principal components factor analysis with varimax rotation determined latent variables of symptom change. Multinomial logistic regression modeling with forward stepwise entry determined parameters associated with clinically meaningful change in pain compared to no change Results Two factors met acceptance criteria (Eigenvalues ≥1) with values of 2.57 and 1.31 respectively (Table 1). Following rotation, factor 1 loadings comprised change in fatigue, pain, depression scores, and functional disability, representing non-inflammatory factors. Conversely, factor 2 encompassed changes in tender and swollen joints and ESR, representing inflammation. Clinically relevant improvement in pain significantly correlated with respective improvements in fatigue, depression, functional disability and tender joints (Table 2); worsening pain was negatively associated with change in disability or fatigue. Conclusions In Latinos with established RA, change in pain reporting reflects alterations in non-inflammatory parameters such as fatigue, depression and functional disability rather than inflammation. Active screening and consideration of those factors may inform therapeutic interventions, balance patient and physician expectations, and optimize patient satisfaction and clinical outcomes. Disclosure of Interest None declared
Personal Reflection: Teaching's Way.

Excerpt: Appalachian State University engaged in a vibrant and exciting Darwin Bicentennial Celebration throughout the 2008 – 2009 academic year. Prominent speakers and writers joined with a film series, theatre productions, art exhibits to focus on Darwin and his scientific discoveries. Most of the university departments contributed and or participated in a variety of ways to this year long event. The Darwin Bicentennial provided the members of our university community with the unique opportunity to come together to discuss, argue, debate and challenge issues concerning theories of human origin, contemporary scientific knowledge based on theories of evolution and natural selection and, of course, issues of faith and reason. For a year, the university itself becomes a wide open classroom with a “commons” defined by Darwin and his legacy.
DICARBONYLS AS S(IV) RESERVOIRS.

The only significant loss process for aromatic hydrocarbons in the atmosphere appears to be through photochemical oxidation initiated by OH radical. Once formed, the ring cleavage products may themselves undergo decomposition through photolysis, through photochemical oxidation by OH radical and through oxidation by O/sub 3/. However, it has been fund that photolysis is probably the major cause of ..cap alpha..-dicarbonyl decomposition. The calculated 1/e lifetimes of biacetyl, methylglyoxal and glyoxal due to photolysis in the atmosphere are 1h, 5h, and 2h, respectively, while the corresponding 1/e lifetimes for OH radical photochemical oxidation are greater than or equal to900h, 24h, and 16h, respectively. O/sub 3/ oxidation is apparently unimportant with 1/e>10/sup 4/h in all cases. The actual concentration of ..cap alpha..-dicarbonyls in the gas-phase will thus be the result of a dynamic equilibrium between the rate of formation and the rate of decomposition, but no field measurements have been performed to determine gas-phase or (aqueous) droplet-phase concentrations of ..cap alpha..-dicarbonyls.
Losing Sight of Power: The Inadequacy of Axel Honneth’s Theory of the Market and Democracy

In Freedom’s Right, Axel Honneth develops a novel argument for a theory of social freedom. This conception of social freedom places special emphasis on the normative resources provided by market society and a Deweyan conception of democracy. In this chapter, I raise the question of whether or not Honneth’s privileging of the normative content of market society neglects the ways in which the structure of the modern economy can subvert democracy. Specifically, I suggest that the “misdeveloped” norms of the modern manifestations of the economy might actually socialize people in ways that stifle subjectivity and reconcile them to anti-democratic social hierarchies. In raising these concerns about Honneth’s theory of the market and the democratic order to which he thinks we ought to aspire, I draw on the work of John Dewey, Robert Dahl, and Charles Lindblom to point to the anti-democratic dimensions of the modern economy.
Leveraging Pauses to Improve Video Captions

Currently, video sites that offer automatic speech recognition display the auto-generated captions as arbitrarily segmented lines of unpunctuated text. This method of displaying captions can be detrimental to meaning, especially for deaf users who rely almost exclusively on captions. However, the captions can be made more readable by automatically detecting pauses in speech and using the pause duration as a determinant both for inserting simple punctuation and for more meaningfully segmenting and timing the display of lines of captions. A small sampling of users suggests that such adaptations to caption display are preferred by a majority of users, whether they are deaf, hard of hearing or hearing.
Response of Sweetpotato Cultivars to Linuron Rate and Application Time

Field studies were conducted in 2015 and 2016 in North Carolina to determine the response of ‘Covington’ and ‘Murasaki-29’ sweetpotato cultivars to four rates of linuron (420, 560, 840, and 1,120 g ai ha-1) alone or with S-metolachlor (803 g ai ha-1) applied 7 or 14 d after transplanting (DAP). Injury (chlorosis/necrosis and stunting) to both cultivars was greater when linuron was applied with S-metolachlor as compared to linuron applied alone. Herbicide application at 14 DAP caused greater injury (chlorosis/necrosis and stunting) to both cultivars than when applied at 7 DAP. At 4 wk after treatment (WAT), stunting of Covington and Murasaki-29 (hereafter Murasaki) from linuron at 420 to 1,120 g ha-1 increased from 27% to 50% and 25% to 53%, respectively. At 7 or 8 WAT, crop stunting of 8% or less and 0% was observed in Covington and Murasaki, respectively, regardless of application rate and timing. Murasaki root yields were similar in the linuron alone or with S-metolachlor treatments, and were lower than the nontreated check. In 2016, no. 1 and marketable sweetpotato yields of Covington were similar for the nontreated check, linuron alone, or linuron plus S-metolachlor treatments, but not in 2015. Decreases in no. 1 and marketable root yields were observed when herbicides were applied 14 DAP compared to 7 DAP for Covington in 2015 and for Murasaki in both years. No. 1 and marketable yields of Covington were similar for 420 to 1,120 g ha-1 linuron and nontreated check except marketable root yields in 2015. No. 1 and marketable sweetpotato yields of Murasaki decreased as application rates increased.Nomenclature: Linuron; S-metolachlor; sweetpotato, Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. ‘Covington’, ‘Murasaki’
Spatial Analysis of the Impact of a School-Level Youth Violence Prevention Program on Violent Crime Incidents in the Community

This study investigated the effect of a school-based violence prevention program on community rates of violence for youth aged 10 to 18 in three urban communities with high rates of crime and poverty. We evaluated the impact of the Olweus Bully Prevention Program (OBPP) combined with a family intervention using a multiple baseline design in which we randomized the order and timing of intervention activities across three schools. Outcomes were police reports of violent crime incidents involving offenders aged 10 to 18 years (N = 2859 incidents) across a 6-year period. We used Bayesian hierarchical regression modeling to estimate the reduction of youth violence in the census blocks of the intervention middle school zones. Models controlled for percent female head-of-household, median household income, and percent renter-occupied housing units. Block groups within the attendance zones of schools receiving the intervention had a reduced risk of violence compared with those that did not (relative risk = 0.83, 95% credible interval = 0.71, 0.99). Our findings suggest that the school-level intervention was associated with a significant reduction in community-level youth violence. Public health professionals, program planners, and policy-makers should be aware of the potential community-wide benefit of school-level interventions.
Towards a Mechanistic-Driven Precision Medicine Approach for Tinnitus

In this position review, we propose to establish a path for replacing the empirical classification of tinnitus with a taxonomy from precision medicine. The goal of a classification system is to understand the inherent heterogeneity of individuals experiencing and suffering from tinnitus and to identify what differentiates potential subgroups. Identification of different patient subgroups with distinct audiological, psychophysical, and neurophysiological characteristics will facilitate the management of patients with tinnitus as well as the design and execution of drug development and clinical trials, which, for the most part, have not yielded conclusive results. An alternative outcome of a precision medicine approach in tinnitus would be that additional mechanistic phenotyping might not lead to the identification of distinct drivers in each individual, but instead, it might reveal that each individual may display a quantitative blend of causal factors. Therefore, a precision medicine approach towards identifying these causal factors might not lead to subtyping these patients but may instead highlight causal pathways that can be manipulated for therapeutic gain. These two outcomes are not mutually exclusive, and no matter what the final outcome is, a mechanistic-driven precision medicine approach is a win-win approach for advancing tinnitus research and treatment. Although there are several controversies and inconsistencies in the tinnitus field, which will not be discussed here, we will give a few examples, as to how the field can move forward by exploring the major neurophysiological tinnitus models, mostly by taking advantage of the common features supported by all of the models. Our position stems from the central concept that, as a field, we can and must do more to bring studies of mechanisms into the realm of neuroscience.
Choroidal Thickness Is Associated with Delayed Subretinal Fluid Absorption after Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment Surgery.

Purpose To investigate the association between choroidal thickness and persistent subretinal fluid (PSF) after surgery for recent-onset rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD). Design Case-control study. Participants Fourteen eyes with macula-off RRD (with fovea on and off) that achieved retinal reattachment on funduscopy and demonstrated PSF after surgery (PSF group) were compared with 62 eyes with macula-off RRD (with fovea on and off) that did not demonstrate PSF after surgery (non-PSF group). Methods The diagnosis of PSF was made by the detection of subretinal fluid pockets on OCT beyond 6 weeks after surgery. Covariates included baseline demographics, duration of RRD, area of RRD, foveal status, method of subretinal fluid drainage, retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) changes, and choroidal thickness in both eyes. Multivariate regression analysis was performed by adding gender, age, and pathologic myopia into the model. The secondary outcomes included postoperative vision and time to resolution of PSF. Main Outcome Measures Subfoveal choroidal thickness in affected eyes, measured by enhanced depth imaging OCT images. Results The percentage of eyes that underwent vitrectomy, scleral buckle surgery, and pneumatic retinopexy were 71.4%, 14.3%, and 14.3% in the PSF group, respectively, and 87.1%, 11.3%, and 1.6% in the non-PSF group, respectively. Eyes with PSF showed significantly thicker subfoveal choroid than eyes without PSF (305±61 μm vs. 200±70 μm, respectively; adjusted difference, 78.6±19.1 μm; 95% confidence interval [CI], 40.3–116.8 μm; P Conclusions Persistent subretinal fluid is associated with increased subfoveal choroidal thickness in surgical and fellow eyes and with RPE changes in the fellow eye. This indicates that PSF likely belongs to the pachychoroid spectrum. In affected eyes, PSF tends to persist for more than 1 year and results in delayed visual recovery.
A Case of Disseminated Lyme Disease Presenting as Chronic Urticaria.

We present a case of cyclical bouts of chronic urticaria on the abdomen, scalp, and hands in a patient with disseminated Lyme disease. Lyme disease traditionally presents as a cutaneous lesion known as erythema migrans, which alerts patients and physicians that diagnosis and treatment is necessary. This case highlights the importance of variable cutaneous presentations of Lyme disease, especially if nerve pain is concurrent.
On-Again, Off-Again Relationships: Navigating (In)Stability in Romantic Relationships

In a world where we have an endless number of options to swipe through, why do many of us repeatedly return to previous romantic partners? This book addresses this question by synthesizing the research on relationships that break up and renew (i.e. 'on-again, off-again' relationships) from various disciplines including communication, social psychology, family studies, and sociology. It explicates the various types and trajectories of on-again, off-again relationships, and uncovers how these relationships are different from those that do not split up and reconcile. Because on-again, off-again relationships challenge traditional notions of relationship stability and highlight the fluctuating nature of relationships, alternative conceptualizations of stability are also reviewed. This book is a theoretical and practical resource for researchers, students, and professionals interested in understanding why partners repeatedly reconcile with ex-partners.
Prevalence of Vascular Co-morbidities in patients with Multiple Sclerosis in a Racially Diverse and Low Socioeconomic Status Population (P4.2-059)

Objective: To examine the prevalence of vascular co-morbidities in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) compared to the general population in a racially diverse and low socioeconomic population Background: Despite the importance of co-morbidity, race and socioeconomic status on health outcomes, epidemiological studies on the prevalence and incidence of vascular co-morbidities in patients multiple sclerosis in cohorts with racial heterogeneity and low socioeconomic status are lacking. Design/Methods: Preliminary de-identified aggregate data was obtained utilizing TriNetX, a global federated health research network providing access to statistics on electronic medical records from almost 1 million patients in one inner city health care organization (HCO). The majority of patients receiving care from this HCO are racially diverse and have low socioeconomic status. A query was built to identify the number of patients in the general population with the following co-morbidities: diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and disorders of lipoprotein metabolism and other lipidemias. A similar query was performed but with the addition of an MS diagnosis. The odds ratio and 95% confidence interval were calculated using Medcalc® statistical software. If statistically significant differences were identified through this preliminary analysis then a multivariable logistic regression analysis would be completed using de-identified individual data. Results: Data queried on October 4, 2018 identified a total of 952,080 patients in our database with 1,720 patients with incident multiple sclerosis. In patients with MS compared to the general population, the odds ratio (95% confidence interval) were: hypertension, 2.40 (2.17–2.67; p Conclusions: Preliminary univariate analysis suggest an increase in the prevalence of vascular co-morbidities in MS patients compared to the general population among an inner city low socioeconomic cohort. Disclosure: Dr. Hellerslia has nothing to disclose. Dr. Gettings has nothing to disclose. Dr. Weiner has nothing to disclose. Dr. Zhao has nothing to disclose.
Predicting the Likelihood of a Recurrent Febrile Seizure.

In children presenting with a simple febrile seizure, is it possible to determine the likelihood of a recurrent febrile seizure?
159 Elements of state graduated driver licensing laws across 50 states: a policy content analysis

Statement of Purpose All 50 US States enacted Graduated Driver Licensing (GDL) laws to protect and prevent teens from injuries and death while learning to drive. However, GDL laws differ across states as there are no federally required provisions. This study describes the distribution of the content of state GDL laws in relation to five key law elements: (1) curfew restrictions, (2) passenger restrictions, (3) drug/alcohol use, (4) traffic violations, and (5) cell phone usage. Methods A content analysis was conducted on all 50 US state GDL laws. State GDL laws were independently reviewed and analyzed by two coders. For each GDL law, the written language corresponding to each of the five key elements were coded based on the presence of the element in the state law: 1= present in state law or 0= absent in state law. Variation in the specific language used for the five key law elements across states were identified and described. Results Most state GDL laws included specific language in relation to curfew restrictions (98%), passenger restrictions (94%), and traffic violations (86%). Fewer state laws included specific language on drug/alcohol violations (52%) and cell phone usage (76%). We found great variation in the language used in relation to the five key law elements across states, with curfew times and penalties for traffic violations varying widely across states. Conclusion While all states have GDL laws, variations exist in the law elements included in state laws and the language used in these laws. Future research should examine how these variations in GDL laws may impact crash rates among young drivers. Significance and Contributions This study furthers our knowledge of the content and language used in GDL laws across states as well variations in these laws from state to state.
Biliary Brush Cytology and the Detection of Cholangiocarcinoma in Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis

Interpreting biliary brush cytology (BBC) findings in primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is problematic. In our study, BBC findings and CA19-9 serum levels were evaluated for their effectiveness in diagnosing cholangiocarcinoma in patients with PSC. We reviewed 107 biliary brushings from 51 patients with PSC and concurrent CA19-9 levels between January 1995 and March 2004 at the University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle. A portion of the brushings were evaluated and scored according to specific cytologic criteria; statistical analysis showed which criteria were most predictive in diagnosing malignancy: nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio, prominent nucleoli, nuclear membrane irregularities, and discohesion were significant predictive features. Sensitivity and specificity of BBC were 62.5% and 100%, respectively. Sensitivity and specificity of CA19-9 at a cutoff of 186 IU/mL were 100% and 94%, respectively. BBC is a specific and relatively sensitive method of detecting cholangiocarcinoma, even in patients with PSC, especially when certain cytomorphologic features are identified. Combining biliary cytology and CA19-9 levels might have an important diagnostic role in PSC.
Point of care ultrasound for all by all: A multidisciplinary survey across a large quaternary care medical system.

Purpose We sought to understand current POCUS practices and comfort as well as assess opinions about POCUS across our medical system via a survey to guide program development. Methods This study was conducted as a 19 question RedCap survey with multiple parts. Respondents were queried for demographics as well as experience with, attitudes toward, and clinical use of POCUS in common critical care scenarios. Results The survey was completed by 343 individuals, a response rate of 30%. Most respondents "agreed" that POCUS is a needed skill and helped them provide safer care (78% and 86% agreement). Most faculty and trainees reported some POCUS training (62% and 88%) and at least weekly use. Trainees rated themselves more comfortable than faculty for most exam types. The majority of faculty rated their POCUS education as inadequate while trainees had mixed responses. Conclusions POCUS is a frequently used tool, yet users are less confident in their skills than expected. POCUS applications are viewed as needed for future practice but there is a substantial need for improved education among faculty and trainees. Pooling resources and sharing educational initiatives across multiple specialties may help improve POCUS implementation.
Central Collineations: Properties

We recall that a collineation is a one-to-one onto mapping of the projective plane to itself in which collinear points are mapped to collinear points. The collineation is central if there is a center, a point A where all lines on A are fixed, meaning the line is mapped to itself, although individual points on the line need not be fixed. We have seen that a collineation is central exactly when it has a line of fixed points, an axis.
Role of inflammasomes in multiple sclerosis and their potential as therapeutic targets

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS), and it remains the most common immune-mediated disorder affecting the CNS. While the cause of MS is unclear, the underlying pathomechanisms are thought to be either destruction by autoimmune T cells or dysfunction of myelin-producing cells. Recent advances have indicated that inflammasomes contribute the etiology of MS. Inflammasomes are multiprotein complexes of the innate immune response involved in the processing of caspase-1, the activation of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 as well as the cell death-mediated mechanism of pyroptosis and the activation of the adaptive immune response. Here we review the literature to date on the role of different inflammasome signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of MS and how these pathways may be targeted to reduce deleterious inflammatory processes and improve outcomes in this patient population.
Teacher Candidates’ Silhouettes: Supporting Mathematics Teacher Identity Development in Secondary Mathematics Methods Courses

In this paper, teacher educators located at three different universities across the United States share findings emerging from our collaboration around a suite of three activities that engage our t...
The Economics and Regulation of BankOverdraft Protection

Table of ContentsI. Introduction 1143?. Overdraft Protection: Background 1149A The History of Overdraft Protection 1149B. The Growth of Overdraft Protection Programs 1151C. Risk of Overdraft Protection to Banks 1154??. The Regulatory Framework 1155A. Federal Reserve Regulation 1155B. FDIC Guidance 1160C. OCC Guidance 1161D. Rationales for Regulation 1162IV. Consumer Protection and Overdraft Regulation 1163A. Who Uses Overdraft Protection? 1163B. Why Consumers Use Overdraft Protection 1167C. Do Consumers Understand the Cost of Overdraft Protection? 1175V. Overdraft Protection and Free Checking 1177A. Overdraft Protection and the Economics of Retail Banking 1177B. The "Fairness" of Overdraft Fees 1181VI. Competition and Overdraft Protection 1184VII. Unintended Effects of Overdraft Protection Regulation 1187A. Regulating the Posting Order of Transactions 1188B. Special Rules for "Excessive or Chronic" Overdraft Customers 1190VIII. Conclusion 1193Appendix A 1194I. IntroductionConsumer use of bank overdraft protection has risen rapidly over the past decade.1 In 2010, thirteen million consumers used overdraft protection, and banks generated $35 billion in revenue from overdraft fees, an important and growing part of total bank revenue.2 In turn, this growth has spawned increased media and regulatory attention focused on the product. Standard economic analysis recognizes increased demand for a product - including a financial product such as overdraft protection - as evidence of consumer satisfaction and demand for the product. Bank regulators, by contrast, have raised concerns about the increased use of overdraft protection by consumers and have issued regulatory guidance regarding the product under a safety and soundness rationale. In 2009, the Federal Reserve imposed new hmits on overdraft protection that made it more difficult for banks to provide the service to consumers.3 The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)4 and the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC)5 have also issued guidance on overdraft protection and pricing. In addition, the newly-created Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) created by the Dodd-Frank Financial Regulatory Reform Legislation,6 is also expected to consider additional restrictions on overdraft protection through regulation or enforcement actions.Public and pohtical debate regarding overdraft protection has highlighted anecdotal stories about irresponsible college students who overdraw their accounts to buy a cup of coffee, thereby triggering substantial overdraft fees.7 Irresponsible college students who cannot or will not balance their check books, however, are a small fraction of those who use overdraft protection in any given year. …
Emergency department utilization for sickle cell disease in St. Vincent and the Grenadines.

<!-- named anchor --> Introduction sickle cell disease (SCD) is a chronic illness. Individuals affected by this disease are at risk for lifelong complications including episodes of acute pain, chronic pain and multi-organ injury that leads to reduced quality of life and a shortened life span. There is a wealth of data on acute care utilization for SCD in the United States. However, data from the Caribbean region is limited. The objective of this study is to explore Emergency Department (ED) utilization for SCD in St. Vincent and the Grenadines by describing: i) the characteristics of SCD related ED encounters; ii) the urgency of these encounters as defined by resource utilization; iii) the disposition for these ED encounters. <!-- named anchor --> Methods the study was a cross-sectional study utilizing data from the ED log books at the Milton Cato Memorial Hospital (MCMH) during non-consecutive time periods between January 1 st, 2012 - December 31 st, 2016. <!-- named anchor --> Results there were 666 SCD-related ED encounters during the study period. Thirty-four percent of encounters resulted in hospitalization and 66% of encounters met criteria for an urgent visit. The most commonly reported diagnosis was vaso-occlusive crisis and accounted for 84% of all encounters. The most frequently documented age group was the 18-30 age category at 43%. <!-- named anchor --> Conclusion although SCD comprised less than 2% of all ED visits, the majority of these visits could be classified as urgent visits based on resource utilization. This study adds to the emerging data on the burden of this disease in this St. Vincent and the Grenadines.
Large model structural uncertainty in global projections of urban heat waves.

Urban heat waves (UHWs) are strongly associated with socioeconomic impacts. Here, we use an urban climate emulator combined with large ensemble global climate simulations to show that, at the urban scale a large proportion of the variability results from the model structural uncertainty in projecting UHWs in the coming decades under climate change. Omission of this uncertainty would considerably underestimate the risk of UHW. Results show that, for cities in four high-stake regions – the Great Lakes of North America, Southern Europe, Central India, and North China – a virtually unlikely (0.01% probability) UHW projected by single-model ensembles is estimated by our model with probabilities of 23.73%, 4.24%, 1.56%, and 14.76% respectively in 2061–2070 under a high-emission scenario. Our findings suggest that for urban-scale extremes, policymakers and stakeholders will have to plan for larger uncertainties than what a single model predicts if decisions are informed based on urban climate simulations. Understanding the uncertainties associated with urban heat wave (UHW) projection is critical for local actions to mitigate extreme heat risks in cities. Here, the authors show that choices of model structural design contribute a large proportion of the uncertainty in projecting UHWs under climate change.
Focal points and bargaining in housing markets

Are focal points important for determining the outcome of high-stakes negotiations? We investigate this question by examining the role that round numbers play as focal points in negotiations in the housing market. Using a large dataset on home transactions in the U.S., we document sharp spikes in the distribution of final negotiated house prices at round numbers, especially those divisible by $50,000. The patterns cannot be easily explained by simple stories of convenience rounding or by list prices. We conclude that round numbers can serve as focal points, even in settings with very high stakes.
Repression of enzymes of arginine biosynthesis by L-canavanine in arginyl-transfer ribonucleic acid synthetase mutants of Escherichia coli.

We show that the arginine analogue, l-canavanine, repressed the accumulation of translatable messenger ribonucleic acid (RNA) for three arginine biosynthetic enzymes in Escherichia coli. The method used to determine the level of translatable messenger RNA depended upon measurement of a burst of enzyme synthesis as described previously. E. coli strains with defective arginyltransfer ribonucleic acid (tRNA) synthetase (argS mutants) were insensitive to canavanine repression. When deprived of leucine, a leu argS strain regained normal sensitivity to canavanine repression. The level of in vivo canavanyl-tRNAarg was determined for a normal strain and an argS mutant. After 20 min of growth with canavanine only 9% of tRNAarg from the argS strain was protected from periodate oxidation, while 42% of the tRNAarg from an argS+ strain was charged. When deprived of leucine, leu argS or leu argS+ strains grown with canavanine contained more than 60% charged tRNAarg. Reverse phase column chromatography of periodate-oxidized tRNA from canavanine-grown argS and argS+ strains showed no preferential charging of any isoaccepting species of tRNAarg. Therefore, we failed to detect a specific arginyl-tRNA species that might be involved in repression by canavanine. However, the data suggest that canavanine repression of the arginine pathway occurs only when high levels of canavanyl-tRNA are present, and thus support the notion that arginyl-tRNA synthetase plays a role in generating a repression signal.
ALARA: Impact of Practice Quality Improvement Initiative on Dose Reduction in Pediatric Voiding Cystourethrogram.

OBJECTIVE. This practice quality improvement study of pediatric voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG) investigated the adequacy of substituting last-image capture for digital-spot images and dose reduction when this substitution was implemented and determined correlations between dose-area products (DAPs), patient ages, and fluoroscopy times. MATERIALS AND METHODS. The study consisted of three phases: phase 1 documented baseline data and evaluated diagnostic accuracy between last-image capture and digital-spot images. Phase 2 documented the change in dose after substituting last-image capture for digital-spot images. Phase 3 measured doses 3 years later. Each phase-1 VCUG study was segregated into two image sets: last-image capture and digital-spot images. Three radiologists graded vesicoureteral reflux on each side using the international grading scale. Weighted kappa statistics assessed grading differences between image sets. Patient age, fluoroscopy time, and DAP were assessed with parametric and nonparametr...
MUC5B Expression and Location in Surfactant Protein C Mutations in Children

Summary Background Mutations in Surfactant Protein C (SFTPC) can lead to fibrotic interstitial lung disease (ILD) with variable phenotypes, especially in children. The sources of phenotype variability are incompletely understood. A common MUC5B promoter variant rs35705950 is associated with adult Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF). We examined whether MUC5B is similarly linked to ILD secondary to SFTPC mutations. Methods MUC5B concentration in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was measured in six pediatric patients with SFTPC mutations and diseased controls. Immunohistochemical localization of MUC5B was studied in fixed lung tissues in patients with SFTPC mutations, ABCA3 mutations, and controls. Genotyping for the MUC5B promoter variant rs35705950 was attempted in all samples. Results MUC5B glycoprotein was increased in BALF of patients with SFTPC mutations compared to diseased controls (P = 0.04). MUC5B was unexpectedly present in cells morphologically consistent with alveolar epithelial type II cells in patients with SFTPC mutations in the BRICHOS domain. Genotyping for the MUC5B promoter variant was successful in 18/27 patients, and there was no significant relationship between the MUC5B promoter variant and the BALF or MUC5B localization. Conclusion MUC5B may play a role in the development of fibrosis in patients with SFTPC mutations, especially in patients with BRICHOS mutations. Understanding the role of MUC5B in adult and pediatric lung diseases may lead to a better understanding of the etiology of fibrotic lung disease as well as development of novel therapies. Pediatr Pulmonol. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Localization of amiloride-sensitive Na+ channels in intestinal epithelia

Polyclonal antibodies raised against purified bovine renal papillary amiloride-sensitive Na+ channels were used to localize Na(+)-channel proteins in mouse and piglet small intestine. Immunostaining using the avidin-biotin-peroxidase technique revealed epithelial Na(+)-channel epitopes localized to apical regions of villus enterocytes in jejunal tissues of both species. Anti-Na(+)-channel antibodies also stained apical borders of villus enterocytes in piglet ileum and apical borders of surface cells in the piglet distal colon. On immunoblots of jejunal, colonic, and renal tissues the anti-Na(+)-channel antibodies recognized one to three polypeptides of apparent molecular masses similar to those found in bovine renal epithelial Na(+)-channel protein (the 55-65, 110-116, and 150-kDa subunits). The antibodies also recognized a polypeptide in the 40- to 45-kDa range in mouse intestine, which is comparable to the 35- to 40-kDa subunit of a renal Na+ channel. The results demonstrate that epitopes comparable to those present in renal amiloride-sensitive Na+ channels are found in apical regions of absorptive epithelial cells in the mammalian small and large intestine.
Post-War Government and Politics of Communist China

In discussing post-war political developments in Communist China, it is necessary to begin with some account of conditions at the end of the War, as these conditions are still not widely known. It is only recently that the mythical "Communist Northwest" has disappeared from the American press and it still lingers in England. There has also been widespread misapprehension of the role of Yenan. Only a few days before its fall the New York Times published an editorial arguing that Yenan was the one place that it was essential for the Communists to defend. In fact, the center of population of Communist China was, by 1945, somewhere in southern Hopei or southwestern Shantung and there was no formal political organization above the Liberated Area which roughly corresponded to a province. Yenan was only the capital of Shensi-KansuNinghsia which was the oldest, but one of the smallest, of the Communist areas. The area was important during the War because it was the only one not subject to periodic Japanese penetration. For this reason Yenan was the location of the Communist Party Central Committee and, after 1941, of Communist Army Headquarters. It was also a big educational center. But there was comparatively little physical equipment that tied these organizations to Yenan. No doubt the Japanese could have captured Yenan but an offensive across the Yellow River and the mountains on either side would have been extremely expensive for the Japanese and only an inconvenience for the Communists. Shensi-Kansu-Ninghsia also had some political imporb ance because it was the one Communist area that the Kuomintang consistently recognized as having some legal right to existence, though its boundaries were a matter of dispute.1 Otherwise the area was not important. The popu-
Turbidity control and fisheries enhancement in a bottomland hardwood backwater system in Louisiana (U.S.A.)

In response to a noticeable decline in recreational fishing in the formerly productive Larto—Saline backwater complex of east central Louisiana, a study was begun to identify causative factors for the decline and to determine effective methods to remedy the problem. To this end, water quality and fisheries surveys were conducted in the system for the study period 1 July, 1981 to 30 June, 1989. Data collected during the early years of the study indicated chronically high turbidity (> 100 FTU) to be the major factor limiting game fish production. The high turbidity can be related to man-made alterations of natural flood patterns that had changed the major source of backwater flooding from Black River to the highly turbid Red River. In September, 1986, a construction project was undertaken to restore flood patterns to approximate natural conditions. Sampling subsequent to this construction has shown a significant decrease in turbidity and an increase in game fish production.
Experimental occlusal interferences. Part I. A review.

summary This review shows that experimental occlusal interferences (prematurities) may cause changes in the myoelectric contraction patterns of the human jaw muscles, and changes in the translatory motion patterns of the human mandible. However, it has not been unequivocally established that the observed changes have specific long-term detrimental effects. On the other hand, it is apparent that experimental occlusal interferences are associated with short-term clinical symptoms and signs, such as jaw muscle fatigue and pains, headaches, pains and clickings in the temporomandibular joints. This review suggests that new paradigms involving experimental occlusal interferences should be introduced.
Preparing Psychiatric Residents for the “Real World”: A Practice Management Curriculum

The authors describe a course designed for residents to develop the knowledge and skills necessary to collaborate and successfully compete in today’s complex health care environment and to achieve competency in systems-based practice. Postgraduation surveys demonstrated a need for improvement in preparing residents for practice management issues. The authors outline a 32-week practice management curriculum for postgraduate-year 3 (PGY 3) psychiatric residents. The course was rated highly by residents in terms of topics covered, faculty involvement, and overall expectations. The project assignments completed by the residents were effective in creating objective change in the resident outpatient practice. Practice management is an essential part of residency training and can be successfully integrated into the residents’ clinical practice experience. Future steps include assessment of the graduates at 1 and 5 years postgraduation to evaluate the long-term efficacy of the course.
Query representation and understanding workshop

This report summarizes the events of the SIGIR 2010 workshop on Query Representation and Understanding, which was held on July 23rd, 2010 in Geneva, Switzerland.
Benign post-operative bile duct strictures

The vast majority of post-operative bile duct strictures occur following cholecystectomy, these injuries having been seen at an increased frequency since the introduction of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Bile duct injuries usually present early in the post-operative period, obstructive jaundice or evidence of a bile leak being the most common mode of presentation. In patients presenting with a post-operative bile duct stricture months to years after surgery, cholangitis is the most common symptom. The 'gold standard' for the diagnosis of bile duct strictures is cholangiography. Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography is generally more valuable than endoscopic retrograde cholangiography in that it defines the anatomy of the proximal biliary tree that is to be used in surgical reconstruction. The most commonly employed surgical procedure with the best overall results for the treatment of bile duct stricture is a Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy. The results of the surgical repair of bile duct strictures are excellent, long-term success rates being in excess of 80% in most series. Recent data have suggested that, at intermediate follow-up of approximately 3 years, an excellent outcome can be obtained following repair of bile duct injuries after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Percutaneous and endoscopic techniques for the dilatation of bile duct strictures can be useful adjuncts to the management of bile duct strictures if the anatomical situation and clinical scenario favour this approach. In selected patients, the results of both endoscopic and percutaneous dilatation are comparable to those of surgical reconstruction.
Detection of explosives by differential hyperspectral imaging

Our team has pioneered an explosives detection technique based on hyperspectral imaging of surfaces. Briefly, differential reflectometry (DR) shines ultraviolet (UV) and blue light on two close-by areas on a surface (for example, a piece of luggage on a moving conveyer belt). Upon reflection, the light is collected with a spectrometer combined with a charge coupled device (CCD) camera. A computer processes the data and produces in turn differential reflection spectra taken from these two adjacent areas on the surface. This differential technique is highly sensitive and provides spectroscopic data of materials, particularly of explosives. As an example, 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene displays strong and distinct features in differential reflectograms near 420 and 250 nm, that is, in the near-UV region. Similar, but distinctly different features are observed for other explosives. Finally, a custom algorithm classifies the collected spectral data and outputs an acoustic signal if a threat is detected. This paper presents the complete DR hyperspectral imager which we have designed and built from the hardware to the software, complete with an analysis of the device specifications.