cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fine-needle aspiration biopsy of Hurthle cell lesions of the thyroid gland: A cytomorphologic study of 139 cases with statistical analysis.

BACKGROUND Lesions of the thyroid gland composed of Hurthle cells encompass pathologic entities ranging from hyperplastic nodules with Hurthle cell metaplasia to Hurthle cell carcinomas. The cytologic distinction between these entities can be diagnostically challenging. Many cytologic features of Hurthle cell lesions that distinguish neoplastic Hurthle cell lesions requiring surgery from those that are benign and nonneoplastic have been described, but with variable usefulness. This is due, in part, to the small numbers of cases examined in previous studies and the limited application of statistical analysis. A morphologic study was made of 139 Hurthle cell lesions of the thyroid gland and statistical analysis applied to identify a set of cytomorphologic features that distinguish benign Hurthle cell lesions (BHCL) from Hurthle cell neoplasms (HCN). METHODS Fine-needle aspiration biopsies (FNABs) of thyroid nodules with a predominant Hurthle cell component and corresponding histologic followup were included in the study. Cases were divided into BHCL and HCN groups on the basis of the histologic diagnosis. All cases were reviewed to assess the following 14 cytologic features: overall cellularity, cytoarchitecture, percentage of Hurthle cells, percentage of single cells, percentage of follicular cells observed as naked Hurthle cell nuclei, background colloid, chronic inflammation, cystic change, transgressing blood vessels (TBV), intracytoplasmic lumina, presence of multinucleated Hurthle cells, nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio, nuclear pleomorphism/atypia, and nucleolar prominence. The results were evaluated by using univariate and stepwise logistic regression (SLR) analysis; statistical significance was achieved at P-values < 0.05. RESULTS One hundred thirty-nine FNAB specimens, corresponding to 56 HCN and 83 BHCL, fulfilled the study criteria. Six of the 14 cytologic features evaluated were shown by univariate analysis to be statistically significant in predicting HCN: nonmacrofollicular architecture (P 90% Hurthle cells (P 10% single Hurthle cells (P = 0.014). The first four of these features were also shown to be statistically significant in the SLR analysis (P = 0.005, 0.010, 0.016, and 0.045, respectively), and when all four of these features were present HCN was correctly identified 86% of the time. CONCLUSIONS In the current study of 139 FNAB specimens of thyroid Hurthle cell nodules, 14 cytologic features were examined and 6 were found to be statistically significant in identifying HCN. The following four features, when found in combination, were found to be highly predictive of HCN: nonmacrofollicular architecture, absence of colloid, absence of inflammation, and presence of TBV. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
TEI-Turbo: Temperature Effect Inversion-Aware Turbo Boost for FinFET-Based Multi-Core Systems

Energy and temperature are the main constraints for modern high-performance multi-core systems. To save power or increase performance, Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling (DVFS) is widely applied in industry. As CMOS technology continues scaling, FinFET has recently become the common choice for multi-core systems. In contrast with planar CMOS, FinFET is observed to have lower delay under higher temperature in super-threshold voltage region, an effect called temperature effect inversion (TEI). Due to this effect, performance can be further improved under power constraints. This work explores TEI-aware performance improvement for power limited multi-core systems. Our experimental results show that on average 15.70% throughput improvement can be achieved in steady state by a TEI-aware DVFS policy over a TEI-agnostic one. In further investigations, we observe multiple sweet spots in the operating voltage/frequency regions resulting from TEI effects. Based on these sweet spot operation regimes, this work introduces a fast algorithm which determines the maximum performance under power constraints. Experimental results confirm its effectiveness by exhibiting a speedup of an average of 45.9X in runtime while keeping resulting performance only 0.22% away from existing state-of-the-art algorithms.
Rates and stoichiometry of hornblende dissolution over 115 days of laboratory weathering at pH 3.6 4.0 and 25 °C in 0.01 M lithium acetate

Abstract The rates and stoichiometry of hornblende dissolution were studied in batch reactors in 0.01 M HOAc-LiOAc buffers at pH 3.6–4.0 and 25 °C for three consecutive weathering cycles of 36, 45, and 34 days (total 115 days). The dissolution rates were obtained for two particle size fractions (0.11–0.25 and 0.25–0.50 mm in diameter) with initial surface areas of 0.098 and 0.086 m 2 g −1 , respectively. Results showed that dissolution rates were nonlinear and nonstoichiometric in the early stage of reaction. The rates were greatest in the first cycle, decreased with time, and became more linear and more stoichiometric as the experiment proceeded into the second and third cycles. A very rapid release of Ca during the initial stages of the reaction was due to 0.91% CaCO 3 impurity in the hornblende. Incongruence was greatest in the first cycle (0–36 days) with preferential release of Al, Fe, and Mg relative to Si and greater at higher pH. Stoichiometric dissolution was approached more rapidly at lower pH, suggesting that the extent of reaction is an important factor in attaining stoichiometric dissolution. By the third cycle (82–155 days), at pH 3.6, the reaction appeared to be stoichiometric. Nonstoichiometry resulted in the depletion Al, Mg, and Al, relative to Si with calculated mean depths of depletion of 7, 38, and 67 nm, respectively, at pH 4.0. Most of the depletion occurred during the first cycle (0–36 days). The pH dependence increased after the first cycle and order dependence of release of Si, Mg, and Al with respect to (H + ) during the second and third cycles was not significantly different from the previously reported value of 0.7. For Fe, however, the order dependence was only 0.36, reflecting the lack of stoichiometry at the higher pH values. Comparison of our second cycle data with data for samples that were dried after an initial weathering treatment showed that drying produced higher dissolution rates and more incongruence. The drying effect was greatest for Fe, with an increase in rate by a factor of 5.6 and least for Si with an increase by a factor of 2.1. Air drying appears to cause the surface of the hornblende to revert to a condition similar to unreacted samples. Comparison of data for dissolution in 0.01 M acetate with data obtained in 0.01 M LiCl suggests acetate increases the rate by about a factor of 3–4. The rate at pH 4.0 for total base release was significantly lower than previous results for experiments conducted for
Structural Characterization of Iowa’s Rubblized PCC Pavements

AbstractRubblization is considered one of the sustainable surface preparation techniques before placing a hot mix asphalt (HMA) overlay that involves breaking the concrete pavement into pieces. The design of the structural overlay thickness for rubblized projects is difficult as the resulting structure is neither a true rigid pavement nor a true flexible pavement. The most important aspect of the design procedure is to characterize the rubblized concrete layer in terms of a layer coefficient and modulus for the empirical and the mechanistic-empirical (M-E) pavement design methods. This paper describes a field study undertaken to investigate the performance of rubblized pavements in Iowa, which includes characterization of the rubblized Portland cement concrete (PCC) layer (layer coefficient and modulus) using a neural networks-based layer moduli backcalculation program. The average rubblized PCC layer coefficient and backcalculated modulus of the rubblized layer in Iowa were found to be 0.19 and 539 MPa (...
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FEMININE GENDER ROLE STRESS, BODY IMAGE, AND EATING DISORDERS

The Feminine Gender Role Stress (FGRS) scale was used in two studies to determine whether eating disorders could be linked to the cognitive tendency among women to appraise specific situations as highly stressful because of rigid adherence to the traditional feminine gender role. Study 1 showed the FGRS scale could distinguish eating disorders from other psychiatric disorders in an inpatient setting and from normal college women. This suggests that women who have eating disorders report higher than usual levels of stress as a result of rigid adherence to the traditional feminine gender role. Study 2 looked at cardiovascular reactivity to a “feminine” (i.e., body image threat) and a control stressor and determined the FGRS scale could predict which women are threatened by feminine stressors. Results from these studies suggest feminine gender role stress may be the missing link between cultural values of femininity and vulnerability for eating disorders.
Temporal processing deficits of language-learning impaired children ameliorated by training

Children with language-based learning impairments (LLIs) have major deficits in their recognition of some rapidly successive phonetic elements and nonspeech sound stimuli. In the current study, LLI children were engaged in adaptive training exercises mounted as computer "games" designed to drive improvements in their "temporal processing" skills. With 8 to 16 hours of training during a 20-day period, LLI children improved markedly in their abilities to recognize brief and fast sequences of nonspeech and speech stimuli.
Two species of gamma oscillations in the olfactory bulb: dependence on behavioral state and synaptic interactions.

Gamma oscillations (40–100 Hz), originally seen in the olfactory bulb (OB), have long been a defining characteristic of sensory coding in the olfactory system. This study proposes that gamma oscillations are of two types, associated with different behavioral features and synaptic origins within the OB. Local field potentials were recorded from rat and mouse OBs during various behavioral periods (immobility, alert motionlessness, exploration and odor discrimination). High frequency gamma activity (65–100 Hz) is shown to be correlated with the sniff cycle, initiated at the peak of inhalation and is called type 1 gamma. It is prominent during exploratory behavior, but also present during resting and trained odor discrimination. Low frequency gamma activity (35–65 Hz), called type 2 gamma, is not strongly correlated with the sniff cycle, is inhibited by the sniff onset and is prominent during alert immobility. Rest and alert immobility are characterized by alternating type 1 and type 2 gamma rhythms, while exploratory sniffing and odor discrimination show a dramatic decrease in type 2 gamma with a broadband increase in the power of type 1 gamma. Periods of alert immobility prior to odor discrimination in trained animals show dominance of type 2 gamma, with episodes lasting up to 0.5 second. Data from mice with selective deletion of granule cell inhibition in the OB show a selective loss of type 2 gamma with type 1 gamma dramatically enhanced during exploratory behavior, suggesting that mutual inhibition between granule cells or centrifugal inhibitory input drives type 2 gamma, and that the excitatory-inhibitory connections between mitral and granule cells likely drive type 1 gamma. Gamma activity is not a single type of oscillation, and the largest amplitude gamma bursts are often those associated with an attentive cognitive state rather than odor sniffing.
Toward the objective evaluation of diagnostic workstations

The purpose of this research was to develop an objective methodology for evaluating the clinical utility of imaging workstation functions. To test this methodology, we compared a general purpose workstation features against a task-based workstation features. Prior to conducting the study, radiologists input was used to develop these workstation features in order to answer a formulated research question. Next, a comprehensive list of features was compiled for each workstation. From this list, qualitative predictions were made as to which workstation would produce greater clinical utility. The four parameters used to measure clinical utility included: efficiency (time based measures), user satisfaction, confidence in diagnosis and accuracy in diagnosis. Radiologists read a total of two hundred cases on both workstations and these cases where categorized by complexity. Analysis found that the task-based workstation has greater clinical utility overall. The task-based workstation was found to be significantly more efficient, brought greater confidence in diagnosis, and was found to be more satisfying to use overall. There was no significant difference in accuracy of diagnosis between workstations. It was found that our quantitative results matched with the qualitative prediction made about clinically utility prior to the onset of the study; therefore, validating the methodology.
Glass wafer mechanical properties: A comparison to silicon

The billion dollar silicon industry is built on the extreme uniformity, chemical, and mechanical strength of perfect crystals of silicon configured in the shape of a wafer for standard integrated circuit processing. Silicon is an ideal substrate for creating transistors. Thinning the silicon integrated circuit (IC) substrate has now become a common process approach to maintain the trend established by Moore's law and to meet the packaging form factor required by consumer applications. The thinned silicon wafer can be used in a stand alone thin form factor package, or combined with other thinned silicon device wafers to create a three dimensional stack IC structure (3D-IC). A thinned silicon IC wafer is very difficult to handle. Therefore it generally requires the use of a carrier substrate attached with a temporary bonding method as an aid to handling
On the instability of small gas bubbles moving uniformly in various liquids

The instability of small gas bubbles moving uniformly in various liquids is investigated experimentally and theoretically.The experiments consist of the measurement of the size and terminal velocity of bubbles at the threshold of instability in various liquids, together with the physical properties of the liquids. The results of the experiments indicate the existence of a universal stability curve. The nature of this curve strongly suggests that there are two separate criteria for predicting the onset of instability, namely, a critical Reynolds number (202) and a critical Weber number (1.26). The former criterion appears to be valid for bubbles moving uniformly in liquids containing impurities and in the somewhat more viscous liquids, whereas the latter criterion is for bubbles moving in pure, relatively inviscid liquids.The theoretical analysis is directed towards an investigation of the possibility of the interaction of surface tension and hydrodynamic pressure leading to unstable motions of the bubble, i.e. the existence of a critical Weber number. Accordingly, the theoretical model assumes the form of a general perturbation in the shape of a deformable sphere moving with uniform velocity in an inviscid, incompressible fluid medium of infinite extent. The calculations lead to divergent solutions above a certain Weber number, indicating, at least qualitatively, that the interaction of surface tension and hydrodynamic pressure can result in instabilities of the bubble motion.A subsequent investigation of the time-independent equations, however, shows the presence of large deformations in shape of the bubble prior to the onset of unstable motion, which is not compatible with the approximation of perturbing an essentially spherical bubble. This deformation and its possible effects on the stability calculation are therefore determined by approximate methods. From this it is concluded that the deformation of the bubble serves to introduce quantitative, but not qualitative, changes in the stability calculation.
Health Effects of Mycotoxins: A Toxicological Overview

Diseases caused by fungi are spread by direct implantation or inhalation of spores. Fungi can cause adverse human health effects to many organ systems. In addition to infection and allergy, fungi can produce mycotoxins and organic chemicals that are responsible for various toxicologic effects. We reviewed the published literature on important mycotoxins and systemic effects of mycotoxins. Scientific literature revealed a linkage between ingesting mycotoxin contaminated food and illness, especially hepatic, gastrointestinal, and carcinogenic diseases. Issues related to mycotoxin exposure, specific diseases, and management are discussed. Although there is agreement that diet is the main source of mycotoxin exposure, specific health effects and risk assessment from indoor nonagricultural exposure are limited by the paucity of scientific evidence currently available. Further research on the health effects of inhaling mycotoxins in indoor settings is needed.
Suppressing Nonlinear Effects for Power Scaling of High Power Fiber Lasers

Suppressing nonlinear effects such as stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS), stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) in high power fiber amplifiers and lasers is crucial for scaling up output power well beyond kW levels. The paper uses a sophisticated model to analyze many different fiber amplifier designs and compare their performance. The systematic modeling reveals many interesting results and shows that a co-pumped amplifier can be optimized by carefully choosing fiber lengths and applying additional heating to the fiber. It also explains why the amplifier configuration can make great impacts on SBS characteristics. In addition, a single-polarized fiber having an effective area of 206 μm 2 and cutoff wavelength of 1100 nm is designed to suppress SRS and provide better polarization properties. The systematic modeling concludes that in general a counter-pumped fiber amplifier has the lowest nonlinear effects and is less sensitive to the fiber length comparing with the co-pumped amplifiers. However, the co-pumped amplifier is easy to integrate with an all-fiber-based pump combiner without risking LD damage and it can be heated to increase SBS threshold by a factor of 1.7.
Edge detection using polarization‐encoded optical shadow‐casting

A very powerful space-variant image processing technique, namely edge detection, is performed using a polarization-encoded optical shadow-casting system.
Exposure Range For Cine Radiographic Procedures

Based on the author's experience, state-of-the-art cine radiographic equipment of the type used in modern cardiovascular laboratories for selective coronary arteriography must perform at well-defined levels to produce cine images with acceptable quantum mottle, contrast, and detail, as judged by consensus of across section of American cardiologists/radiologists experienced in viewing such images. Accordingly, a "standard" undertable state-of-the-art cine radiographic imaging system is postulated to answer the question of what patient exposure range is necessary to obtain cine images of acceptable quality. It is shown that such a standard system would be expected to produce a 'tabletop exposure of about 25 milliRoentgens per frame for the "standard" adult patient, plus-or-minus 33% for accept-able variation of system parameters. This means that for cine radiography at 60 frames per second (30 frames per second) the exposure rate range based on this model is 60 to 120 Roentgens per minute (30 to 60 Roentgens per minute). The author contends that studies at exposure levels below these will yield cine images of questionable diagnostic value; studies at exposure levels above these may yield cine images of excellent visual quality but having little additional diagnostic value, at the expense of added patient/personnel radiation exposure and added x-ray tube heat loading.© (1980) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Human T-cell subset changes during culture

Abstract When human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) are cultured with either concanavalin A (Con A)-treated or control autologous T lymphocytes, the mitogenic responses of the PBL co-cultured with Con A-treated cells are much lower. We have investigated the cell surface receptor changes during culture of T cells with and without mitogen in an attempt to explain this differential regulatory phenomenon. We present data here which show that human T cells cultured in complete medium alone gain helper cells with time. Con A-treated T cells are known to lose helper cells during culture. Erythrocyte rosette-purified T cells were cultured with or without Con A for 84 h and the numbers of cells with receptors for the Fc regions of either IgM (Tμ) or IgG (Tγ) were enumerated daily. Tμ cells have been associated with helper activity while Tγ cells have predominantly suppressor activity. Treatment with 10 μg/ml of Con A decreased Tμ by approximately 50%. Untreated cells, however, showed significant increases in Tμ (44 ± 30.5% in twelve individuals). The great variance in Tμ increases is due to the fact that individuals having higher initial Tμ values showed smaller increases. These changes probably represent the gain or loss of receptors because total cell numbers did not change. There was no significant change in the number of Tγ cells in either control or Con A-treated cultures during the same 84 h period.
Enthalpies of formation of selected Fe2YZ Heusler compounds

Abstract Standard enthalpies of formation at 298 K of selected ternary Fe-based Heusler compounds Fe2YZ (Y = Co, Cu, Mn, Ni, Ti, V; Z = Al, Ga, Si, Ge, Sn) were measured by high temperature direct synthesis calorimetry. The measured enthalpy of formation (in kJ mol of atoms−1) for compounds of Heusler structure is Fe2MnSi (−25.6 ± 1.5); Fe2VSn (−3.7 ± 3.1); for the inverse-Heusler structure, Fe2CoGa (−14.1 ± 1.9); Fe2CoSi (−37.4 ± 1.8); Fe2CoGe (−8.9 ± 2.0); for the B2 structure, Fe2CoAl (−23.4 ± 2.2); Fe2CuAl (−23.4 ± 2.1); Fe2MnAl (−9.1 ± 1.8); Fe2NiAl (−30.9 ± 2.4); Fe2NiGa (−14.6 ± 0.4); Fe2NiSi (−26.7 ± 1.1); Fe2VGa (−30.0 ± 2.9) and for the A1 structure Fe2MnGa (−5.6 ± 2.3). Values are compared with those from published first principles calculations and the extended semi-empirical model of Miedema. To provide further verification of the stable crystal structure, several alloys were prepared by arc melting and annealing. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) were applied to examine the samples. Differential scanning calorimetry was used to determine phase transformation temperatures.
Solving business problems using a lateral thinking approach

Purpose – Basing one's business decision on an approach that relies on experience may work sometimes. Experience is a useful part of the process, but it may also lock the decision maker into a method that cannot lead to an innovative solution. An alternative to this experience‐based (linear) way of problem solving is a certain skillful way of thinking known as lateral thinking. This paper aims to present a simple alternative approach to managerial decision making.Design/methodology/approach – Here lateral thinking is defined as methods of thinking concerned with changing concepts and perception. Various tests are suggested that show how it might be measured. These tests were originally developed to identify creative thinking ability. One of these tests is used in an illustrative decision aid to reduce a common decision‐making “bias” labeled “hindsight bias”.Findings – The simple decision aid reduced the hindsight effect for those decision makers who were deemed to be limited in their lateral thinking abil...
Confronting Representation(s)

The crisis of representation highlighted by recent postmodern works in the social sciences has exposed the ethnocentric nature of (re)presentations of the world. Although it is recognised that the self-reflexivity which this project introduces has undoubtedly opened up the possibilities for more culturally sensitive work, its rejection of any notion of hierarchy could be read as precluding the deployment of political projects beyond this opening. It is the authors' contention that this need not necessarily be the case, that the postmodern challenge can be met without having to discard a political standpoint. This move is important because the power structures inherent in colonial discourses largely remain in place. Instances are explored where conflicting representations can be brought into collision so that the naturalized assumptions of hegemonic representation can be challenged. This meeting of discourses can facilitate the undermining of certain cultural assumptions in the representative schema which ...
Risky Situation or Harmless Fun? A Qualitative Examination of College Women's Bad Hook-up and Rape Scripts

College students appear to be increasingly engaging in casual, non-committed sexual relationships, which may represent potential situations in which sexual assaults occur. The current study sought to assess if college students regard rape as a potential outcome of hooking up through examination of students’ rape and hook-up scripts. A multi-ethnic sample of 109 US college women (54% European American, 19% Latina, 21% African American) described a typical rape and bad hook-up. Hook-up scripts generally did not include the possibility of sexual assault and instead focused on psychological consequences (e.g., shame). Participants’ rape scripts generally did not occur in the context of casual sexual encounters. Implications of the results for understanding students’ sexual behavior and developing rape prevention programs are discussed.
Nonlinear oscillations in ion cyclotron resonance

Abstract Nonlinear equations of motion of an ion in a quartic electrostatic potential are solved using a perturbation method. A valid region of the quartic potential in an cubic ion trap is determined from the numerical comparison with the exact potentials. The quartic potential introduces the coupled cubic nonlinear forces to the equations of motion. Cubic nonlinearities that couple the axial and radial motions yield amplitude-dependent frequency shifts. Nonlinear solutions are derived to first order. The ion trajectory within the valid region of the quartic potential reproduces the essential features of the exact numerical results. The amplitudes of nonlinear oscillations are derived and their mass dependences are compared. The Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance spectra are compared for the linear and nonlinear oscillations. The collisional damping is included as a perturbation in the nonlinear equations of motion. Collisions damp the cyclotron and axial oscillations but amplify the magnetron motion. The amplitude-dependent frequencies of nonlinear oscillations become time dependent due to the collisional damping of oscillation amplitudes. The collisional line broadenings of the nonlinear oscillation trajectories are compared with those of the linear oscillation trajectories.
Transmembrane Topology of the Protein Palmitoyl Transferase Akr1

The two recently identified protein acyl transferases (PATs), Akr1p and Erf2p/Erf4p, point toward the DHHC protein family as a likely PAT family. The DHHC protein family, defined by the novel, zinc finger-like DHHC cysteine-rich domain (DHHC-CRD), is a diverse collection of polytopic membrane proteins extending through all eukaryotes. To define the PAT domains that are oriented to the cytoplasm and are thus available to effect the cytoplasmically limited palmitoyl modification, we have determined the transmembrane topology of the yeast PAT Akr1p. Portions of the yeast protein invertase (Suc2p) were inserted in-frame at 10 different hydrophilic sites within the Akr1 polypeptide. Three of the Akr1-Suc2-Akr1 insertion proteins were found to be extensively glycosylated, indicating that the invertase segment inserted at these Akr1p sites is luminally oriented. The remaining seven insertion proteins were not glycosylated, consistent with a cytoplasmic orientation for these sites. The results support a model in which the Akr1 polypeptide crosses the bilayer six times with the bulk of its hydrophilic domains disposed toward the cytoplasm. Cytoplasmic domains include both the relatively large, ankyrin repeat-containing N-terminal domain and the DHHC-CRD, which maps to a cytosolic loop segment. Functionality of the different Akr1-Suc2-Akr1 proteins also was examined. Insertions at only 4 of the 10 sites were found to disrupt Akr1p function. Interestingly, these four sites all map cytoplasmically, suggesting key roles for these cytoplasmic domains in Akr1 PAT function. Finally, extrapolating from the Akr1p topology, topology models are proposed for other DHHC protein family members.
Effect of Methyl Salicylate-Based Lures on Beneficial and Pest Arthropods in Strawberry

Methyl salicylate (MeSA) is a common herbivore-induced plant volatile that, when applied to crops, has the potential to enhance natural enemy abundance and pest control. The impacts of MeSA in strawberry were unknown and examined in the spring and midsummer period. Strawberry plots contained no lures (control) or two 30-d MeSA lures (Predalure) in the center: one lure 0.61 m aboveground over a sticky trap, and one lure on a plant near the ground. Arthropod abundance was monitored at the point source, 5 m and 10 m away from lures over 31 d with white sticky traps, pitfall traps, and leaf inspection. Twenty-seven and nine comparisons were made among beneficial and pest arthropods, respectively. Overall positive responses were found among Chrysopidae in July-August 2008 and Orius tristicolor (White) in May-June 2009 to MeSA based on sticky traps. Chrysopidae showed attraction to the point source, but not at 5 m and 10 m. Ground-dwelling predators collected in pitfall traps such as Araneae, the carabid beetles, Pterostichus melanarius (Illiger), and Nebria brevicollis (Fabricius) did not respond. Increased abundance of six natural enemy groups appeared on various dates between 3 and 24 d after placement of lures in the field based on leaf inspection and sticky traps. Conversely, fewer Coccinellidae were captured on sticky traps on days 0-3, and fewer natural enemies were observed on leaves on day 28 in MeSA plots. MeSA did not increase nor decrease pest abundance.
On mod (2p +1)-orientations of graphs

It is shown that every (2p+1)log"2(|V(G)|)-edge-connected graph G has a mod (2p+1)-orientation, and that a (4p+1)-regular graph G has a mod (2p+1)-orientation if and only if V(G) has a partition (V^+,V^-) such that @?U@?V(G),|@?"G(U)|>=(2p+1)||U@?V^+|-|U@?V^-||. These extend former results by Da Silva and Dahab on nowhere zero 3-flows of 5-regular graphs, and by Lai and Zhang on highly connected graphs with nowhere zero 3-flows.
DISENTANGLING AGGLOMERATION ECONOMIES: AGENTS, SOURCES, AND SPATIAL DEPENDENCE*

This paper expands the literature on agglomeration economies in three ways. It disentangles amenity and productivity effects of agglomeration; it decomposes aggregate scale effects into agglomeration factors of interest to policy makers; and it estimates own effects and spillovers to neighbors. It proposes a spatial simultaneous equations model in a spatial equilibrium framework with three agents—workers, consumers, and producers of traded-goods and housing. Results for Ohio counties estimate economies resulting from population size, agglomeration causes, and public service quality and cost on each of the three agents in own and neighboring counties.
E-049 Single versus staged stent assisted coiling techniques for intracranial aneurysms: comparison of complication rates, and immediate and long term angiographic outcome in a single institution experience

Introduction Endovascular management of intracranial aneurysms include stent assisted techniques for wide neck complex aneurysm. Two approaches are being used for stent assisted coiling, single versus staged coiling after stent ‘endothelialization’. Comparative outcomes of these two methods are the purpose of this study. Methods Medical records and angiographic results were reviewed for 133 aneurysms treated between October 2003 and November 2008 with stent assisted coiling, single stage (62 aneurysms) or staged treatments (71 aneurysms). Demographics, outcomes and angiographic features were reviewed. Results Patient demographics between the two cohorts were not statistically different by univariate analysis in terms of age, clinical presentation, aneurysm location, follow-up duration and presence of fusiform aneurysms. Aneurysm characteristics in single versus staged treatment were: average neck diameter (5.2±1.6 mm) versus (6.0±2.9 mm) (p=0.07); dome diameter (7.5±3.4 mm) versus (8.9±0.2 mm) (p=0.42); and dome/neck ratio (1.5±0.4) versus (1.4±0.6) (p=0.39) respectively. Fusiform aneurysms were comparable in the two groups. There was a statistically significant difference in immediate, good angiographic results (95–100% occlusion) (55.6% vs 44.5%; p=0.04) but not in long term angiographic results (46.2% vs 53.8%), the need for treatment (11.3% vs 12.6%) or in the rate of in-stent stenosis (7.6% vs 7.6%) in single versus staged treatment. There was no difference in complication rates with regard to coil protrusion (p=0.3), clot/emboli formation (p=0.3) or rupture/dissection (p=0.5). Two patients had rebleeding from a ruptured aneurysm postpartial treatment with single staged stent assisted coiling 3 days after the treatment. Conclusions In a controlled cohort, aneurysms treated with single stage had a similar long term angiographic results with the same complication rates compared with multistage treatment.
Re-Assessing the Speech Act Schema: Twenty-First Century Reflections

Bach and Harnish’s (1979) Speech Act Schema (SAS) breaks down into a series of inferential steps the process involved in understanding an utterance as a particular kind of speech act. At the heart of the SAS lies the notion of illocutionary intention, a special kind of reflexive intention whose fulfilment consists in its recognition. This article re-assesses Bach and Harnish’s Speech Act Schema in two ways. First, I discuss three types of indirect speech acts—acts exchanged between intimates, alerts, and ritual indirectness—arguing that in all three cases, a perlocutionary effect of re-affirming or testing the degree of sharedness between speaker and addressee is also achieved, making all three types of acts overt collateral acts in Bach and Harnish’s terminology. Second, I consider cases when the speaker’s illocutionary intention exists in only a rudimentary form, such as children’s early directives and metaphorical utterances expressing feelings. In such cases, the hearer is called upon to play a more active role, by constructing (rather than recognizing) an understanding based on the linguistic material provided by the speaker. The need to account for this second set of acts challenges the centrality of the speaker’s illocutionary intention as the ultimate arbitrator of communicative outcomes and forces us to accord at least equal weight to the contribution of the hearer. The end result is a novel emphasis on the intersubjective aspects of linguistic communication, which were given less prominence in more traditional models, such as the SAS.
Conditional data processing for single-shot spectral analysis by use of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy.

Schemes of conditional data processing are evaluated based on either the peak-to-base ratio or the signal-to-noise ratio as a metric for analyte detection in single-shot laser-induced breakdown spectra. The analyte signal investigated is the 288.1-nm Si I emission line provided by an aerosol stream of monodisperse 2.5-microm-sized silica microspheres. Both the Si emission line and a spectral region corresponding to continuum emission are used to evaluate the statistical distribution of spectral noise. The probability of false hits is determined by evaluating various conditional processing thresholds. As the detection threshold increases, the rate of detected silica particle hits decreases along with the expected fraction of false-particle hits (i.e., spectral noise). For all threshold values the signal-to-noise ratio is found to provide a more robust metric for single-shot analyte detection compared with the peak-to-base ratio.
1998/1999 AIAA Foundation Graduate Team Aircraft Design Competition: Super STOL Carrier On-board Delivery Aircraft

The Cardinal is a Super Short Takeoff and Landing (SSTOL) aircraft, which is designed to fulfill the desire for center-city to center -city travel by utilizing river "barges" for short takeoffs and landings to avoid construction of new runways or heliports. In addition, the Cardinal will fulfill the needs of the U.S. Navy for a Carrier On-board Delivery (COD) aircraft to replace the C-2 Greyhound. Design requirements for the Cardinal included a takeoff ground roll of 300 ft, a landing ground roll of 400 ft, cruise at 350 knots with a range of up to 1500 nm with reserves, payload of 24 passengers and baggage for a commercial version or a military version with a 10,000 lb payload, capable of carrying two GE F110 engines for the F-14D, and a spot factor requirement of 60 feet by 29 feet.
Micro/nanotribological studies of polysilicon and SiC films for MEMS applications

Abstract Microelectromechanical (MEMS) devices are currently made from single-crystal silicon, various polysilicon films and other ceramic materials. Silicon carbide (SiC) film has recently been pursued as a material for use in MEMS devices owing to its excellent mechanical properties and high-temperature capabilities. Since surface properties, friction and wear are important issues in such small-scale devices, it is essential that the materials used in MEMS have good micro/nonotribological properties. using atomic force/friction force microscopy (AFM/FFM), surface roughness, microscale friction and microscale scratch/wear resistance of 3CSiC (cubic SiC) films, as well as undoped single-crystal Si(100) and doped and undoped polysilicon films for comparison were measured. Nanohardness and modulus of elasticity were measured using a Nanoindenter. Surface roughness values showed that the as-deposited films of SiC and undoped polysilicon were rougher than the doped polysilicon film and Si(100). Polishing of the as-deposited samples resulted in comparable values of roughness between SiC and undoped and doped polysilicon films, while Si(100) still remained the smoothest and the doped polysilicon film, the roughest. It was found that the polished SiC and doped polysilicon films showed the lowest friction followed by undoped polysilicon film, while Si(100) showed high friction. Microscale scratch/wear studies clearly showed that SiC film was much more scratch/wear resistant than the other materials, which showed comparable resistance levels. SiC also showed higher hardness and modulus of elasticity compared to the other materials. These results show that 3CSiC film posessess desirable micro/nanotribological characteristics that make it an ideal material for use in MEMS devices.
Regularization Based Classification Models

This paper presents Tikhonov regularization based classification models for binary discrimination of sets or objects. The proposed models include a linear classification, nonlinear kernel classification and a reduced kernel classification model in the case of large scale problems. For the reduced kernel formulation, the dimension reduction of the kernel matrix is achieved by selecting random subsets of the training set. Advantages of the regularized classification formulations include explicit expressions for the classification weights of the classifier as well as its computational tractability in providing the optimal classification weights for two-class separation problems. Computational results are also provided for validation of the classification models.
The Georgia Tech High Sensitivity Microwave Measurement System

As observations and models of the planets become increasingly more accurate and sophisticated, the need for highly accurate laboratory measurements of the microwave properties of the component gases present in their atmospheres become ever more critical. This paper describes the system that has been developed at Georgia Tech to make these measurements at wavelengths ranging from 13.3 cm to 1.38 cm with a sensitivity of 0.05 dB/km at the longest wavelength and 0.6 dB/km at the shortest wavelength.
The Spanish Wool Trade, 1500–1780

Official tax records and other documents provide the sources for an estimation of wool exports overtime. Four main points emerge: after a peak circa 1550, exports stagnated and declined for over a century before rising again strongly; political and economic developments in Spain and the rest of Europe affected both the volume and the direction of wool exports; most exports went to Flanders before 1550, then to Italy for a time, and finally to northern Europe again from about 1650 onward; and Spanish merchants controlled most of the trade until the mid- sixteenth century but lost dominance thereafter, retaining control only over the internal market supplying wool for export.
Present status on bone marrow transplantation in U. S. A.

Bone marrow transplantation is increasingly used to treat patients with bone marrow failure whether due to abnormalities of hematopoietic stem cells or to cancer. In this manuscript we will review the current status of bone marrow transplantation in two diseases, aplastic anemia and leukemia. Specific problem areas will be discussed in detail.
W-pair production via W-pair fusion.

Using the effective-gauge-boson approximation, we calculate the invariant-mass distribution for the production of W/sup +/W/sup -/ pairs via W/sup +/W/sup -/ fusion at an energy of 40 TeV. All polarizations of initial and final W's are included. The results are compared with an exact calculation of the same process.
Oxidative modification of amino acids in porcine myofibrillar protein isolates exposed to three oxidizing systems

Abstract Susceptibility of amino acids in myofibrillar protein isolate (MPI) exposed to three oxidizing matrixes commonly encountered in muscle foods was compared. MPI suspensions (20 mg protein/mL) in 15 mM piperazine- N,N bis(2-ethane sulphonic acid) buffer (pH 6.0) were oxidized with an iron-catalyzed oxidizing system (IOS, 0.01 mM FeCl 3 , 0.1 mM ascorbic acid, 0.0–10.0 mM H 2 O 2 ), a lipid-oxidizing system (LOS, 0.0–10.0 mM linoleic acid, 3750 units of lipoxidase/mL), or a metmyoglobin (MetMb) oxidizing system (MOS, 0.0–0.5 mM H 2 O 2 /MetMb) for 24 h at 4 °C. Changes were quantitatively analyzed by determining amino acids on a reverse-phase liquid chromatographic (LC) system. In IOS, the amount of cysteine, methionine and tyrosine decreased ( P 2 O 2 ]. In LOS, only cysteine and methionine were lowered at increasing linoleic acid concentrations. In MOS, the quantity of alanine, cysteine, glycine, histidine, leucine and lysine, as well as the total amount of amino acids were significantly reduced at high concentrations of MetMb/H 2 O 2 . The results suggest that under typical meat processing conditions, iron- and metmyoglobin-catalyzed reactions play a major role in the oxidation of amino acids in muscle proteins.
Expression and cellular localization of the kallikrein-kinin system in human ocular tissues

Tissue kallikrein is a serine proteinase which processes kininogens to release bioactive kinins. Kinins mediate a variety of biological processes through the interaction with kinin receptors. Kinins are involved in the regulation of blood pressure and local blood flow, vasodilation, smooth muscle contraction and relaxation, production of pain and inflammation, and stimulation of cell proliferation. The tissue kallikrein-kinin system has been implicated in a number of pathophysiological processes such as hypertension, allergy and diabetes mellitus. In the present study, we have identified the expression and localization of components of the kallikrein-kinin system in the human eye by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Southern blot analyses, and in situ hybridization histochemistry. RT-PCR and Southern blot analyses have detected mRNAs of the key components of the system including tissue kallikrein, low molecular weight kininogen, and bradykinin B1 and B2 receptors at high levels in human retina, choroid and ciliary body, and relatively low levels in the optic nerve. In situ hybridization has identified cellular localization of these four mRNAs in ocular tissues. They are expressed in retinal neuronal cells including the outer nuclear layer, inner nuclear layer and ganglion cell layer. These mRNAs were also identified in endothelial cells of ocular blood vessels, ciliary muscle and lens epithelial cells. The sense riboprobes showed negative staining, which indicates the specificity of the antisense riboprobes. These results suggest that the tissue kallikrein-kinin system is produced endogenously in human ocular tissues. Similar expression patterns of kallikrein, kininogen and kinin receptors indicate that the kallikrein-kinin system may function in an autocrine or paracrine fashion in the eye.
Percolation and flow in geological formations: upscaling from microscopic to megascopic scales

Abstract Modelling transport processes in a disordered system with broadly distributed heterogeneities, such as a field-scale porous medium, is often hampered by the fact that a very large set of equations (of the order of several millions) has to be solved repeatedly if detailed information about the system's morphology is available. Solving such a large set is often not practical. We discuss a novel and very efficient method for scale up of such systems such that no important information about their characteristics is lost at any length scale, and at the same time the number of transport equations to be solved is reduced drastically to a manageable level. The method, which is applicable to any type of heterogeneous medium, including one with percolation disorder, uses a wavelet transformation to coarsen the original fine-scale description of the system, such that finer resolution is maintained in regions of high transport properties, whereas coarser property description is applied to the rest of the system. The computational cost of the method is several orders of magnitude less than those of the most efficient methods currently available. The performance of the method is demonstrated by its application to calculation of the effective flow properties of several models of field-scale porous media. The method is equally applicable to other disordered media with broadly distributed heterogeneities, such as amorphous semiconductors.
Reply to Singleton

Abstract I welcome Ken Singleton's comments because they raise important issues about the methodology used in this paper and give me an opportunity to discuss this methodology in more detail.