cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sera from patients with collapsing focal segmental glomerulosclerosis increase albumin permeability of isolated glomeruli

Abstract The collapsing variant of focal segment glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is characterized by heavy proteinuria and rapid progression to renal failure. Its cause is not known. We have characterized a substance in the circulation of patients with classic FSGS that increases in vitro permeability of glomeruli to albumin (P alb ) and causes proteinuria when injected into rats. Inclusion of normal serum prevents the increase in P alb caused by this FSGS factor. We investigated the effect of sera from patients with collapsing FSGS on P alb , as well as the effect of inclusion of normal serum. Isolated glomeruli were incubated with serum from each of 11 patients with collapsing FSGS (1:50 dilution) or with patient serum and an equal volume of pooled normal serum. P alb was determined on the basis of changes in glomerular volume in response to an oncotic gradient. Sera from 10 of the 11 patients with collapsing FSGS increased P alb of isolated glomeruli to a value of 0.5 or greater. In each of the 5 cases tested, inclusion of normal serum abolished the increase in P alb . Sera of patients with collapsing FSGS increased glomerular P alb . Our finding that the increase in P alb is abolished by normal serum suggests that the substance and its mechanism of action are similar or identical to the FSGS factor we have isolated from the plasma of patients with recurrent FSGS. The presence of a circulating factor in collapsing FSGS has implications for prognosis and treatment in primary and recurrent collapsing FSGS.
Caudate nuclei volume, diffusion tensor metrics, and T(2) relaxation in healthy adults and relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients: implications for understanding gray matter degeneration.

Purpose To investigate the utility of caudate nuclei (CN) macro- and microstructural metrics as markers of gray matter degeneration in healthy adults and relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients. Materials and Methods The normal age- and pathology-related changes in caudate nuclei volume (CNV), the corresponding diffusion tensor metrics, and the T2 relaxation times were measured in a cohort of 32 healthy adults (12 men/20 women; age range 21–59 years) and 32 age-matched RRMS patients (8 men/34 women; age range 21–57 years). Results Smaller values in both the absolute CNV and the caudate volume ratio relative to the total intracranial volume (CNVp) were observed in the RRMS group relative to healthy controls. The fractional anisotropy (FA), based on the diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) of the CN increased with age in healthy adults (r = 0.52; P = 0.003) but not in patients (r = 0.28; P = 0.12). The caudate FA value was approximately 9% larger in RRMS patients relative to controls (P = 0.001). The mean diffusivity of the CN was greater in the RRMS group compared to controls (P = 0.02). The caudate T2 relaxation times were smaller in the RRMS group relative to the control group (3% reduction, P = 0.05). T2 relaxation times did not exhibit age-related changes (P > 0.35) in either cohort. Strong and significant correlations between CNVp and whole-brain lesion load (r = −0.48; P = 0.005) and whole-brain CSF fraction (r = −0.46; P = 0.01) were also noted. Conclusion These preliminary findings indicate that caudate DTI-derived metrics can serve as potential quantitative radiological markers of MS pathology. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009;29:70–77. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Distribution of [3H]thymidine in the lens of the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) embryo

Tritiated thymidine autoradiography was conducted on early developmental stages of the lens in the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) embryo. Embryos ranging in age from stage 13 through stage 20 were labeled for 1 hr with 100 μCi [3H]thymidine. The labeling index was the highest in the lens placode stage and then dropped markedly during invagination of the lens. Most cells in the deep wall of the lens vesicle lost the ability to incorporate [3H]thymidine prior to closure of the lens pore. The superficial wall continued to exhibit labeled nuclei and maintained a stable labeling index from stages 16 through 20. Comparisons were made with autoradiographic data available for the chick and rodent lens.
Geography and GIS Technology

Abstract At the forefront of the digital information revolution in geography is the geographic information system (GIS). The advent of GIS technology has made it possible to efficiently integrate, manage, and analyze geographical information from maps, imagery, and text. The GIS that contains a high-resolution database is a powerful tool for solving spatial problems. The impact of GIS technology on the subfields of cartography and remote sensing has already been dramatic. The adoption of GIS technology by geographers will bring many benefits but also some problems. GIS technology is very technical in nature, but many geographers are not technically oriented. Conversely, many geography students are clamoring to learn GIS technology at the expense of their overall geographical education. A challenge facing geographers is to balance education so that technical subjects do not conflict with mainstream geography subjects. The United States is moving toward an information-based economy. Most future information ...
Dual effects of gadodiamide injection in depiction of the region of myocardial ischemia

The high safety index of the nonionic magnetic resonance (MR) contrast agent gadodiamide injection permits a wide dose range without induction of he-modynamic effects. The wide dose range might confer a diagnostic advantage by providing both T1 enhancing and magnetic susceptibility effects for demarcating pathologic regions. The dual utility of this contrast agent for T1 and T2 enhancement in creating differential contrast between normal and acutely ischemic myocardium was explored. MR imaging was initiated 20–40 minutes after occlusion of the left coronary artery in two groups of rats: Group 1 (n = 8) received 0.3 mmol/kg gadodiamide injection before and after acquisition of T1-weighted images; group 2 (n = 10) received 0.5 mmol/kg before and after acquisition of T2-weighted images. Postcontrast T1-weighted images showed clear delineation of the ischemic region as a relatively low-signal-intensity area for 15 minutes. On postcontrast T2-weighted images, the ischemic region appeared as a relatively high-signal-intensity area for 60 minutes. These effects were obtained with doses of gadodiamide injection that have safety indexes greater than those of gado-pentetate dimeglumine.
Regulation of t-cell-mediated lympholysis by the murine major histocompatibility complex. I. Preferential in vitro responses to trinitrophenyl-modified self k- and d- coded gene products in parental and f1 hybrid mouse strains.

Spleen cells from H-2b,k,d C57Bl/10 congenic mice were sensitized in vitro to trinitrobenzenesulfonate (TNBS)-modified autologous spleen cells. Cold target competition studies at the lytic phase demonstrated three distinct patterns of cytotoxic responsiveness: (a) H-2b spleen cells generated approximately equivalent CTL responses against Kb and Db modified self products, (b) H-2d spleen cells generated preferential responses against Dd modified self products, and (c) H-2k spleen cells generated cytotoxic responses which could only be detected against Kk self products in association with TNP. F1 spleen cells were sensitized against autologous TNBS-treated cells. The results showed that, although H-2b parental cells generated approximately equivalent Kb-TNP- and Db-TNP-specific CTL, the presence of the H-2b haplotype did not result in the generation of (a) Dk-TNP CTL response by (H-2b x H-2k) spleen cells, nor (b) a Db CTL response by (H-2b x H-2a) F1 spleen cells. Additionally, (H-2d x H-2k) F1 cells failed to generate detectable Dd-TNP-specific CTL, although H-2d parental cells generated D-regional-specific CTL. The findings demonstrated that these F1 response patterns paralleled those of the H-2k and H-2a parents, i.e. weak or no D-region TNP-specific CTL were induced. Because (H-2d x H-2a) F1 responders stimulated with H-2d TNBS-treated cells did generate good Dd TNP responses, the results illustrated that the presence of responder genes was not sufficient to result in a D-region TNP CML. It is suggested that the absence of Kk alleles on the stimulating population is necessary for the generation of D-region TNP CTL in these F1's. Mechanisms which could account for these response patterns in parental F1 mice are discussed including immunodominance, suppression, T-cell response , and Ir-gene defects.
3D detector and electronics integration technologies: Applications to ILC, SLHC, and beyond

Abstract The application of vertically integrated (3D) electronics to particle physics has been explored by the our group for the past several years. We have successfully designed the first vertically integrated demonstrator chip for ILC vertex detection in the three-tier MIT-Lincoln Labs process. We have also studied sensor integration with electronics through oxide bonding and silicon-on-insulator technology. This paper will discuss the status of these studies and prospects for future work.
Preventive healthcare use among males with multiple sclerosis

Summary Objectives To understand preventive healthcare use by males with multiple sclerosis (MS). Study design Cross-sectional survey with secondary comparative data. Methods Primary survey data were collected from male veterans with MS ( n = 1142) and compared with national surveillance data for a general veteran population ( n = 31,500) and a general population ( n = 68,357). Analyses compared use by group and identified variables associated with service use by male veterans with MS. Results More veterans with MS had a cholesterol check (93%) than the general veteran population (89%, P P P P P P P P Conclusions More males with MS received several recommended preventive health services (e.g. cholesterol and colon screening, influenza and pneumonia vaccination) than males without MS. The Veterans Health Administration is meeting many prevention needs in males with MS, but there is room for improvement in areas such as reducing disparities in PSA screening and increasing respiratory vaccinations to meet national targets.
New generic ringdown frequencies at the birth of a Kerr black hole

We discuss a new ringdown frequency mode for vacuum perturbations of the Kerr black hole. We evolve initial data for the vacuum radial Teukolsky equation using a near horizon approximation and find a frequency mode analogous to that found in a recent study of radiation generated by a plunging particle close to the Kerr horizon. We discuss our results in the context of that study. We also explore the utility of this mode by fitting a numerical waveform with a combination of the usual quasinormal modes and the new oscillation frequency.
Adiabatic motion of a neutral spinning particle in an inhomogeneous magnetic field.

The motion of a neutral particle with a magnetic moment in an inhomogeneous magnetic field is considered. This situation, occurring, for example, in a Stern-Gerlach experiment, is investigated from classical and semiclassical points of view. It is assumed that the magnetic field is strong or slowly varying in space, i.e., that adiabatic conditions hold. To the classical model, a systematic Lie-transform perturbation technique is applied up to second order in the adiabatic-expansion parameter. The averaged classical Hamiltonian contains not only terms representing fictitious electric and magnetic fields but also an additional velocity-dependent potential. The Hamiltonian of the quantum-mechanical system is diagonalized by means of a systematic WKB analysis for coupled wave equations up to second order in the adiabaticity parameter, which is coupled to Planck's constant. An exact term-by-term correspondence with the averaged classical Hamiltonian is established, thus confirming the relevance of the additional velocity-dependent second-order contribution.
Experimental variation in vascular response studies.

SummaryTo investigate sources of variation in vascular response studies in dogs, forelimb vascular responses to a variety of vasoactive agents were measured in 17 line-bred Labrador dogs of the same age, and in 64 mongrel dogs of varying age. Results indicated that the level of forelimb initial resistance contributed importantly to variance in vascular responses. In contrast there was little evidence that genetic makeup or age influenced experimental error. Thus, variation in the level of initial resistance of a vascular bed must be considered in interpretation of data from vascular response studies. There is little advantage, however, to be gained from use of expensive highly inbred dogs in such studies.
IKr: The hERG Channel

G.-N. Tseng. I(Kr): The hERG Channel. Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology (2001) 33, 835-849. The rapid delayed rectifier (I(Kr)) channel is important for cardiac action potential repolarization. Suppressing I(Kr)function, due to either genetic defects in its pore-forming subunit (hERG) or adverse drug effects, can lead to long-QT (LQT) syndrome that carries increased risk of life-threatening arrhythmias. The implication of I(Kr)in cardiac arrhythmias and in anti-arrhythmic/pro-arrhythmic actions of drugs has driven intensive research interests in its structure-function relationship, the linkage between LQT-associated mutations and changes in channel function, and the mechanism of drug actions. This review will cover the following topics: (1) heterogeneous contribution of I(Kr)to action potential repolarization in the heart, (2) structure-function relationship of I(Kr)/hERG channels, (3) role of regulatory & bgr; subunits in I(Kr)/hERG channel function, (4) structural basis for the unique pharmacological properties of I(Kr)/hERG channels, and (5) I(Kr)/hERG channel modulation by changes in cellular milieu under physiological and pathological conditions of the heart. It is anticipated that further advances in our understanding of I(Kr)/hERG, particularly in the areas of roles of different (& agr; and & bgr;) subunits in native I(Kr)function, alterations in I(Kr)function in diseased hearts, and the 3-dimensional structure of the I(Kr)/hERG pore based on homology modeling using the KcsA model, will help us better define the role of I(Kr)in arrhythmias and design therapeutic agents that can increase I(Kr)and are useful for LQT syndrome.
Emotional health predicts pain and function after fusion: a prospective multicenter study.

Study design Prospective. Objectives To assess whether patients with poorer emotional health before fusion surgery will have worse pain and function after surgery, and to identify patient variables that predict fusion outcomes. Summary of background data A systematic review of fusion outcomes studies reported an average of 68% "satisfactory" outcomes. The persistence of pain and functional limitations leads to emotional and financial costs. Therefore, it is important to identify the factors that affect fusion outcome. Research has explored psychosocial factors (e.g., depression, anxiety) as being important outcome predictors. Methods Data from subjects enrolled in a multisite trial of 2 fusion systems were analyzed. Subjects completed measures of health-related quality of life (SF-36), pain (visual analog scale), and function (Oswestry Disability Index). A total of 160 subjects completed measures before fusion, 155 completed measures 12 months after fusion, and 115 completed measures 24 months after fusion. Subject variables (i.e., age, gender, smoking, workers' compensation, and second surgery status) and presurgical pain/function were regressed on pain/function outcomes after surgery. This model was compared to one that included presurgical Mental Component Scores (MCSs), which is a SF-36 derived measure of emotional health, to determine whether MCS data significantly improved the prediction of pain/function. Results Higher presurgical MCS (i.e., better emotional health) predicted less back and leg pain after surgery. Similarly, higher presurgical MCS predicted better physical function after surgery. Other important predictors of pain and function were presurgical pain and function, workers' compensation, and smoking status. The associations were modest (2% to 9% of independent variance accounted for), but significant. Conclusions Presurgical emotional status is one significant predictor of pain and function outcomes up to 2 years after fusion. Other significant predictors included workers' compensation status, smoking status, and presurgical pain/function. Studies to identify and intervenewith patients with poorer emotional status will clarify whether presurgical mental health intervention can improve pain and function outcomes after surgery or whether these patients are not candidates for surgery.
Robust and fragile PT -symmetric phases in a tight-binding chain

We study the phase diagram of a parity- and time-reversal- ($\mathcal{P}\mathcal{T}$-) symmetric tight-binding chain with $N$ sites and hopping energy $J$ in the presence of two impurities with imaginary potentials $\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}i\ensuremath{\gamma}$ located at arbitrary ($\mathcal{P}$-symmetric) positions $(m,\mathrm{m\ifmmode \bar{}\else \={}\fi{}}=N+1\ensuremath{-}m)$ on the chain where $m\ensuremath{\leqslant}N/2$. We find that except in the two special cases where impurities are either the farthest or the closest, the $\mathcal{P}\mathcal{T}$-symmetric region is algebraically fragile. We analytically and numerically obtain the critical impurity potential ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{\mathrm{PT}}$ and show that ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{\mathrm{PT}}\ensuremath{\propto}1/N\ensuremath{\rightarrow}0$ as $N\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\infty}$ except in the two special cases. When the $\mathcal{P}\mathcal{T}$ symmetry is spontaneously broken, we find that the maximum number of complex eigenvalues is given by $2m$. When the two impurities are the closest, we show that ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{\mathrm{PT}}$ in the limit $N\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\infty}$ approaches $J$ ($J/2$) provided that $N$ is even (odd). For an even $N$, the $\mathcal{P}\mathcal{T}$ symmetry is maximally broken, whereas for an odd $N$, it is sequentially broken. Our results show that the phase diagram of a $\mathcal{P}\mathcal{T}$-symmetric tight-binding chain is extremely rich and that, in the continuum limit, this model may give rise to hitherto unexplored $\mathcal{P}\mathcal{T}$-symmetric Hamiltonians.
Observations concerning the effects of fasting on collagen metabolism in man.

ABSTRACT The effects of prolonged fasting on the metabolism of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, nitrogen and hydroxyproline have been investigated in 4 obese adult subjects and in 1 obese patient with hypoparathyroidism. In all subjects, fasting produced acidosis and negative balances of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium and nitrogen and increases in urinary hydroxyproline. These changes were reversed with refeeding. Increases in urinary calcium, magnesium and hydroxyproline occurred in 1 subject even when acidosis was prevented by neutral phosphate buffer. The results indicate that fasting is accompanied by an alteration in the metabolism of collagen. This effect is not mediated by parathyroid glands, by acidosis or by phosphorus deprivation.
Phenomenology of fully many-body-localized systems

We consider fully many-body-localized systems, i.e., isolated quantum systems where all the many-body eigenstates of the Hamiltonian are localized. We define a sense in which such systems are integrable, with localized conserved operators. These localized operators are interacting pseudospins, and the Hamiltonian is such that unitary time evolution produces dephasing but not ``flips'' of these pseudospins. As a result, an initial quantum state of a pseudospin can in principle be recovered via (pseudospin) echo procedures. We discuss how the exponentially decaying interactions between pseudospins lead to logarithmic-in-time spreading of entanglement starting from nonentangled initial states. These systems exhibit multiple different length scales that can be defined from exponential functions of distance; we suggest that some of these decay lengths diverge at the phase transition out of the fully many-body-localized phase while others remain finite.
On the Torsion of a Class of Nonlinear Fiber Composite Cylinders

This paper presents an analysis of the torsion of a solid or annular circular cylinder consisting of nonlinear material in the form of an elastic matrix with embedded unidirectional elastic fibers parallel to the cylinder axis. The specific class of composite considered is one for which nonlinear fiber-matrix interface slip is captured by uniform cohesive zones of vanishing thickness. Previous work on the effective antiplane shear response of this material leads to a stress–strain relation depending on the interface slip together with an integral equation governing its evolution. Here, we obtain an approximate single mode solution to the integral equation and utilize it to solve the torsion problem. Equations governing the radial distributions of shear stress and interface slip are obtained and formulae for torque–twist rate are presented. The existence of singular surfaces, i.e., surfaces across which the slip and the shear stress experience jump discontinuities are analyzed in detail. Specific results are presented for an interface force law that allows for interface failure in shear.
Listening Comprehension and Paraphrasing in Content-Area Classrooms

This article explores the use of oral paraphrase as an informal and versatile strategy for assessing and enhancing listening comprehension in mainstreamed students with language and learning disabilities. In light of the comprehension demands of content-area classrooms, paraphrasing can give students and teachers immediate feedback on students' ability to comprehend and orally reconstruct the lesson. Some approaches to assessing the listening comprehension demands of individual classrooms and using various dimensions of paraphrasing to enhance students' language comprehension and production skills in the context of content-area information are presented.
Derivatives of polyaromatic hydrocarbons as red emitters in organic light-emitting diodes

The present study focuses on the photoluminescence and electroluminescence properties of a new fluorescent red emitter based on a derivative of a polyaromatic hydrocarbon. 6,13-diphenylpentacene has a very narrow emission spectrum giving rise to a saturated red color with excellent chromaticity coordinates (x equals 0.64 and y equals 0.34) in accordance with the Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage (CIE). Efficient organic electroluminescent devices with saturated red emission were developed using a composite of 6,13-diphenylpentacene and Alq3 as the active emissive layer. An electroluminescence quantum efficiency of 1.4% at 100 A/m2, close to the theoretical limit (1.5%) (based on the measured fluorescence quantum yield, (phi) pl equals 30%, of the emitting layer) was measured for an unoptimized device structure that consists of the emissive layer sandwiched between hole and electron transport layers. In addition, the quantum efficiencies of the pentacene-based devices are stable over a wide range of current densities (1 to 1000 A/m2).© (2001) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
The Problem of National Character: A Methodological Analysis

(1950). The Problem of National Character: A Methodological Analysis. The Journal of Psychology: Vol. 30, No. 2, pp. 307-316.
Multiple level production planning in rolling horizon assembly environments

In this paper, nine multiple level planning heuristics are evaluated to characterize how rolling horizon results relate to fixed horizon results in a deterministic demand environment. The weighted order cycle (WOC) is introduced as a single expression of cost structure within a multiple item bill of materials. When planning horizons are restated in terms of WOC (versus time buckets), it becomes apparent that the cost performance of the majority of the heuristics is essentially the same for fixed horizon and rolling horizon conditions when the planning horizon is at least two WOC in length. The horizon sensitive logic of the best two heuristics in cost performance also exhibited less nervousness then several horizon myopic rules, a counter intuitive result. An established multiple level cost modification technique was found to reduce the nervousness of single item rules, in addition to its original goal of schedule cost reduction. To gauge cost performance, Lagrangian relaxation of a binary formulation of the problem was used to find bounds within an average of 1% of the optimal solution cost of each simulation.
Intracavity Coherent Beam Combining of Solid-State Gain Elements using Active Phase Control

Here we report on intracavity coherent beam combining (iCBC) of nine solid-state gain elements resulting in 27 W of combined power with a combining efficiency of 87% and a beam quality of M^2 = 1.7.
Motivations associated with physical activity in young breast cancer survivors

Physical activity is associated with positive health outcomes in breast cancer survivors. However, factors that promote or discourage physical activity in this population are not fully understood. This cross-sectional study was designed to examine approach and avoidance motivations, barriers for exercise, and their association with physical activity in breast cancer survivors younger than 50 years old at time of diagnosis. Current physical activity levels, approach and avoidance motivations, and barriers to exercise were assessed through self-report questionnaires in young breast cancer survivors (N = 156). Results indicated that barriers to exercise were negatively associated with physical activity (p < .01) while approach motivations were positively associated with physical activity (p < .01) and were most relevant in the context of low perceived barriers (p < .05). Avoidance motivations were not associated with physical activity (p = .91).
Staging faith: religion and African American theater from the Harlem renaissance to World War II

Craig Prentiss (Religious Studies, Rockhurst University) surveys a range of theatrical responses to organized religion and personal faith by African American playwrights in the first half of the tw...
Hybrid model of Monte Carlo simulation and diffusion theory for light reflectance by turbid media

Light reflectance by semi-infinite turbid media is modeled by a hybrid of Monte Carlo simulation and diffusion theory, which combines the accuracy of Monte Carlo simulation near the source and the speed of diffusion theory distant from the source. For example, when the turbid medium has the following optical properties—absorption coefficient 1 cm^(-1), scattering coefficient 100 cm^(-1), anisotropy 0.9, and refractive-index-matched boundary—the hybrid simulation is 7 times faster than the pure Monte Carlo simulation (100,000 photon packets were traced), and the difference between the two simulations is within 2 standard deviations of the Monte Carlo simulation.
Morphological foundations of plastics processing

The fundamental thermal and mechanical experiences that a polymer undergoes in a processing operation have been identified and analyzed from the point of view of their effect on polymer morphology and properties. By means of controlling the pressure, temperature, and flow history of the polymer during fabrication processing, morphologies can be produced which result in desired properties. The utility of this approach is illustrated by an example involving an order of magnitude change in environmental stress cracking achieved by controlling internal structure through controlling pressure and temperature history.
Preliminary evidence on the composition of relational exchange and its outcomes: the distributor perspective

Abstract This research conceptualizes relational exchange and its likely outcomes, and provides substantiating empirical evidence from the distributor perspective. The evidence provided by this analysis supports the operationalization of relational exchange as a second-order factor composed of perceptions of customer orientation, perceptions of supplier investment, and perceptions of supplier communication. Further, non-economic satisfaction with the relationship and trust leading to commitment are identified and substantiated as relational exchange outcomes, as previously proposed by theorists.
Adult-onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis: a review of disease pathogenesis and implications for patient counseling.

Importance A new diagnosis of adult-onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (AO-RRP) prompts many questions related to disease acquisition, course, and transmission. Recent attention to the human papillomavirus (HPV), along with emerging data on AO-RRP, provides a foundation for patient counseling. Objective To provide a framework for these discussions, including an overview of the current literature on HPV-mediated disease across organs. Evidence Review The peer-reviewed literature was culled to provide a comprehensive review encompassing AO-RRP and anogenital papilloma, as well as general HPV virology and pathophysiology. PubMed and Google Scholar databases were searched from 1975 to July 2014. Findings Most HPV infections in healthy adults are cleared within 2 years without clinical significance. Adult-onset RRP is a rare manifestation of HPV and may be homologous to anogenital HPV, which is highly transmissible between sexual partners. Horizontal transmission of AO-RRP has not been characterized. Our laboratory, however, recently found that nearly 100% of patients with AO-RRP had concurrent oral cavity HPV infection. Historically, an increased number of oral sex partners was thought to be associated with AO-RRP, but recent data from our group did not corroborate this finding. Recent data also question the dogma that smoking and laryngopharyngeal reflux play a role in recidivistic disease. Management of AO-RRP is often symptom based and includes lesion excision or ablation with adjuvant therapies including cidofovir for refractory cases. Conclusions and Relevance Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis may be related to a new or latent HPV infection, potentially obtained at birth, and the mechanism(s) underlying the progression from HPV infection to RRP remains unknown. Recommendations with regard to sexual practices in patients with AO-RRP cannot be made at this time. Unlike human immunodeficiency virus, patients with AO-RRP are not obligated to discuss infection status with partners. Despite the nebulous nature of the disease, clinicians should be a resource to discuss the current state of the literature with both the patient and partner.
Advantages of dynamic ion beam mixing

Abstract Dynamic ion beam mixing is a useful technique to produce hard coatings for tribological applications. In this method, metals are deposited with simultaneous ion beam irradiation. By this method film synthesis of new materials has become possible. The ion beam mixing effect induces an intermixed layer. Crystallization under this process turned out to be mainly controlled by two mechanisms, ion beam induced crystallization and ion beam enhanced crystallization.
SU‐FF‐T‐458: MC Simulations in Support of Developing and Testing An Analytical Dose Algorithm in Ocular Proton Therapy

Purpose: To create a Monte Carlo(MC) model of an ocular proton therapy device, or ocular nozzle, that can predict relative doses to within 3% or 0.5 mm, D/MU values, and be used to develop and commission an analytical algorithm to predict doses and D/MU values to within similar criteria. Methods and Materials: Depth dose profiles and D/MU values were measured in eight ocular proton therapy fields including four unmodulated and four modulated beams using a parallel‐plane ionization chamber in water. Crossfield profiles were measured at three or more depths for each of the modulated beams using film. A MC model of the ocular nozzle was constructed using the MCNPXradiation transport code. After benchmark tests against the measurements, the MC model was used to provide dosimetric data needed to develop a broad‐beam algorithm capable of predicting relative and absolute doses and to test the algorithm's predictions more comprehensively than could be afforded with measured data. Specifically, MC and analytical predictions were calculated and compared in two‐dimensions in a water phantom and in an anthropomorphic model of the eye. Results: Relative depth dose profiles between MC and measurements agreed to within 3% or 0.5 mm. MC predicted D/MU values agreed to within 1% of the measured values. Similarly, the analytical algorithm accurately predicted dose distributions where the predictions were generally within 3% or 0.5 mm of measured and simulated values at water depth > 6 mm. At shallower depths, the analytical model underestimated the dose by approximately 3% to 6%, which MC simulations revealed was due to edge‐scattered protons from the nozzle's collimators.Conclusion: The MC model accurately predicted dose distributions and D/MU values in ocular proton therapy beams. Furthermore, the present work demonstrates the value of the MC method for developing and testing contemporary analytical dose algorithms.
Scattered wave packet formalism for the energy-resolved reaction probability

Abstract The scattered wave packet formalism developed for a quantum subsystem interacting with reservoirs through open boundaries is utilized to calculate the energy-resolved transmission probability. The total wave function is split into incident and scattered components. Markovian outgoing wave boundary conditions are imposed on the scattered or total wave function by the polynomial method. The wave packet correlation function approach is employed to compute the energy-resolved transmission probability for a one-dimensional potential barrier and a one-dimensional model chemical reaction exhibiting a quantum resonance. Accurate results demonstrate that this formalism can significantly reduce the number of grid points required in a dynamical calculation for the reaction probability.
Trefoil factor family-3 is associated with aggressive behavior of colon cancer cells.

Background and aim: Trefoil factor family 3 (TFF3) is expressed by intestinal epithelial cells and it mainly functions to protect the mucosa from injury. Expression of TFF3 has been correlated with a poor prognosis in patients with cancer, but little is known about whether TFF3 directly contributes to the malignant behavior of cancer cells. The present study was conducted to determine whether TFF3 expression contributes to the malignant behavior of cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Methods: Two subclones of a metastatic rat colorectal cancer cell line, demonstrated previously to manifest aggressive (LN cells) and non-aggressive (LP cells) growth in vivo, were analyzed for expression of TFF3 and tested in assays of cancer cell migration, invasion, and apoptosis in vitro, and mortality in vivo. Results: The aggressive LN cell line endogenously expressed TFF3 and supported the transcription of a TFF3 promoter-driven reporter construct, whereas the non-aggressive LP cell line did not express TFF3. LN cells demonstrated enhanced migration, invasion, and less apoptosis compared to LP cells. Transfecting TFF3 into LP cells enhanced their ability to migrate, invade, block apoptosis, and behave more aggressively in vivo, thereby resembling the phenotype of LN cells. Conclusions: In rat colon cancer cells, both endogenous and constitutive expression of TFF3 correlates with an aggressive phenotype. These data provide direct evidence that TFF3 contributes to the malignant behavior of cancer cells.
Epidemiological Survey of Foot Problems in the Continental United States: 1978–1979∗

Questionnaire cards were sent to 45,000 family shoe store customers; 15,000 cards were completed and returned, thereby permitting a broad statistical base in respect to the incidence and types of foot problems encountered in the United States. The incidence of corns, calluses, warts, ingrown toenails, bunions, hallux rigidus, hammer toes, cavus, and pes planus were correlated with age, sex, race, and demographic background, along with the incidence of surgery, conservative treatment, or no treatment. The extrapolated data indicated that 40% of the population have foot problems, of which 12% had surgery and 7% have been untreated.
Distracted While Driving: A Comparison of the Effects of Texting and Talking On a Cell Phone

In the United States, 39 states have passed legislation banning texting while driving. By comparison, no state bans hands-free cellular phone use by adults while driving. The concern regarding text...
Advances in SQUID magnetometers

The operation and noise limitations of de and RF SQUID's are outlined, and recent advances in their sensitivity are discussed. A model of the dc SQUID predicts an energy noise level per hertz referred to the SQUID of approximately 8 k_{B}TL/R \approx 8 k_{B}T(\piLC)^{1/2} , where L, R, and C are the SQUID inductance and the shunt resistance and capacitance of each Josephson junction. Some examples of dc SQUID's are described to show that their performance is generally in reasonable agreement with the model. The noise energy has improved from about 2 × 10-30J. Hz-1for a device with L = 1 nH and a tunnel junction area of 104µm2to about 2 × 10-33J . Hz-1for a device with L = 0.1 nH and a microbridge resistance of 40 Ω. Further improvements axe expected in the near future. The model of the RF SQUID predicts a noise energy per hertz referred to the SQUID of [(\pi\alpha^{2}\phi\min{0}\max{2}/2L) + 2 \pi \alpha k_{B}T\min{a}\max{(eff)}]/\omega_{RF} , where α is the intrinsic width of the distribution of flux transitions, T\min{a}\max{(eff)} is an effective amplifier noise temperature, and ω RF is the pump frequency. With one exception, the performance of the seven types of RF SQUID listed is in reasonable agreement with the model. The noise energy ranges from about 1.5 × 10-29J . Hz-1for a 20-MHz toroidal SQUID to 3.5 × 10-31J . Hz-1for 9-GHz reentrant toroidal SQUID; a somewhat better sensitivity has been reported for a 430-MHz device, apparently in conflict with the theory. In both dc and RF SQUID's, 1/ f noise ( f is frequency) is likely to extend to higher frequencies as the white-noise level is decreased.
Infrared study of polystyrene-bound rhodium under hydroformylation conditions

Abstract The spectra of [RhH(CO)(PPh3)3] bound to phosphinated gel-form polystyrene-divinylbenzene beads were recorded at ambient temperature and 18 atm total pressure. Hydrogen and carbon monoxide saturation partial pressures were varied. The resulting spectra are interpreted by comparison with published homogeneous spectra. Two predominant species were observed at 0.67 CO/H2, a bis(phosphine)dicarbonyl complex and a dimer. The relative amounts of each were affected by the CO/H2 ratio. An absorbance band characteristic of aldehydes was used to establish hydroformylation activity.
Measurement of electron-impact excitation into the 3 p 5 4 p levels of argon using Fourier-transform spectroscopy

To experimentally determine electron-impact excitation cross sections with the optical method, it is necessary to measure all transitions out of a level (the apparent cross sections), as well as the cascades into the level. In the case of the ten ${3p}^{5}4p$ levels of argon, the emissions to lower levels lie in the visible and near infrared (660\char21{}1150 nm) and are hence observable with a monochromator\char21{}photomultiplier-tube (PMT) system. A Fourier-transform spectrometer (FTS) allows us to measure the previously uninvestigated cascades that lie in the infrared. For the incident electron energy range between onset and 300 eV, we have measured the apparent cross sections with a monochromator-PMT system, and the cascade cross sections with a weak emission FTS system. The magnitude of both the apparent and cascade cross sections increases with target gas pressure due to radiation trapping effects. By subtracting the cascade contributions from the apparent cross sections, we have determined the direct cross sections and verified that they do not vary with pressure in the 0.5\char21{}4-mTorr pressure range considered here.
Stochastic cellular manufacturing system design subject to maximum acceptable risk level

In this study, a non-linear mathematical model is proposed to solve the stochastic cellular manufacturing system (CMS) design problem. The problem is observed in both machine and labor-intensive cells, where operation times are probabilistic in addition to uncertain customer demand. We assume that processing times and customer demand are normally distributed. The objective is to design a CMS with product families that are formed with most similar products and minimum number of cells and machines for a specified risk level. Various experiments are carried out to study the impact of risk level on CMS design. As the risk level increases, lower number of cells and product families are formed and average cell utilization increases. However, this leads to poor performance in cells, where standard deviations of capacity requirements are high. Later, the deterministic approach proposed by Suer, Huang, and Sripathi (2010) and the proposed stochastic model with various risk levels are compared. Both of the models' results are simulated with Arena Simulation Software. Simulation is performed to validate models and assess the performance of designed CMSs with respect to following measures: cell utilization, WIP, total waiting time and total number waiting. Stochastic CMS design with 10% risk formed a better CMS in all of the performance measures according to the results obtained from simulation experiments.
Nonlinear damping and harmonic generation in iron

Abstract The question of the phases of the third harmonic signals generated by dislocations is reconsidered. For an artificial model of breakaway, it is shown that the phase of the harmonic wave depends on the phase at which the breakaway takes place, and therefore on the amplitude of vibration. Reversals of sign of the harmonic phase can occur at certain phases of breakaway, leading to (partial) cancellation of waves from segments of different breakaway stress. This effect seems likely to be the major part of the phase cancellations previously reported and attributed, in part, to screw-edge cancellation.
THERMAL CHARACTERIZATION OF MULTI-WALL CARBON NANOTUBE BUNDLES BASED ON PULSED LASER-ASSISTED THERMAL RELAXATION

A novel transient technique is developed to measure the thermal diffusivity of one-dimensional microscale wires. In this technique, a pulsed nanosecond laser is used to quickly heat the wire. After laser heating, the wire temperature decays slowly. Such temperature decay is sensed and used to determine the thermal diffusivity of the wire. A 25.4 μm thin Pt wire is characterized to verify this technique. The thermal diffusivity of multi-wall carbon nanotube bundles is measured. Based on the measurement result and the inside structure, the thermal diffusivity of individual carbon nanotubes is estimated.
Computational Studies of the Chemistry of Syn Acetaldehyde Oxide

Syn carbonyl oxides generated in alkene ozonolysis have been implicated as sources of hydroxy radical (•OH) in the atmosphere. We report quantum chemical calculations at the B3LYP/6-31G(d,p), CBS-QB3, MPW1K/6-31+G(d,p), and CBS-APNO levels to characterize the reactivity of syn acetaldehyde oxide and its vinyl hydroperoxide isomer. The vinoxy radical formed upon vinyl hydroperoxide decomposition is converted to a chemically activated peroxy radical in the presence of O2. All methods besides MPW1K predict that this species undergoes a 1,4-hydrogen shift with an activation barrier of ∼20 kcal/mol and then decomposes to yield •OH. RRKM/Master equation calculations predict that this unimolecular reaction of the peroxy radical will compete significantly with its collisional stabilization even up to 1 atm pressure. This chemistry can partly account for the •OD radicals recently observed in the ozonolysis of alkenes with vinylic deuteriums. The CBS-QB3 and CBS-APNO methods predict relative energies that agree to ...
Synthesis and isolation of polytrityl cations by utilizing hexaphenylbenzene and tetraphenylmethane scaffolds

The successful isolation of stable (and soluble) hexa- and tetratrityl cations based on hexaphenylbenzene and tetraphenylmethane scaffold has been accomplished by using readily available starting materials. These robust polytrityl cations can be isolated in crystalline form and stored indefinitely at 0 degrees C. Their structures have been established by (1)H/(13)C NMR spectroscopy and by UV-vis spectroscopy. The structures of these polytrityl cations were further confirmed by quantitative transformations to the reduced (poly)triphenylmethyl derivatives by hydride transfer from triethylsilane, cycloheptatriene, or a borane-dimethyl sulfide complex.
Synthesis of Highly Luminescent Tris-Fluorenyl Chromophores as Intermediates of Potential Nonlinear Photonic Materials

In our effort to enhance the cross section of simultaneous multiphoton absorption of C60-based photonic nanomaterials, a novel highly luminescent tris-fluorenyl ring-interconnected chromophore tris-DPAF-C9 was designed and synthesized using a C 3 symmetrical triaminobenzene core as the synthon. The structural moiety bears a close resemblance to that of 2-diphenylamino-9,9-dialkylfluorenyl attachment in the previously studied C60(> DPAF-Cn)x. The product tris-DPAF-C9 was fully characterized by NMR, UV, IR, and MALDI-TOF MS spectroscopic methods. Based on the molecular energy calculation at MOPAC PM3 level, it suggested the presence of two possible cis/trans stereoisomers on the configuration of fluorenyl moieties. Consequently, a lower heat formation (ΔH f) of 19.9 kcal/mol was found for the tris-cis C9-isomer as the favorable one vs 47.9 kcal/mol for the bis-mono-trans C9-isomer.
Repair by retrotransposition.

LINE-1 elements, an abundant class of mammalian transposable elements, can insert at sites of double-stranded DNA breaks. Do they promote the repair process or take advantage of it?
Nuclear medicine for all the world--from molecular imaging to molecular medicine.

The specialty of nuclear medicine is living and well. The number of scientific presentations at the annual meeting of the Society of Nuclear Medicine (SNM) in the United States has increased linearly over the past half century. The excitement and progress resulting from the application of the tracer principle in living human beings continues. Oncology is still the major topic in nuclear medicine, followed by neurosciences and cardiology. Among the major applications were those contributing prognosis, treatment decisions, and documenting the responses to treatment. There has been a continual growth in positron emission tomography (PET) applications, while the number of single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) presentations has been relatively constant at a high level. One of the major trends in nuclear medicine today is the growth of SPECT/ CT. 18 F remains the dominant radionuclide, with 710 presentations at the SNM meeting: 545 being FDG (fluorodcoxyglucose); 118 presentations involved C-11. Technetium was the topic in 301 papers, with 131 I, the old reliable, being there for 95 papers. Another major trend is the increase of imaging of animals with a dedicated animal device. One hundred studies were based on a dedicated PET imaging device; about 40 were based on a SPECT imaging system. There were 5 PET/CT papers for small animals, but 11 presentations involved SPECT/CT.