cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Length and frequency of intraoperative occlusive events with new torsional phacoemulsification software.

Purpose To evaluate the efficiency profile of new torsional phacoemulsification software. Setting Eye Institute of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA. Design Comparative case series. Methods Routine cataract surgeries were performed using standard torsional (Ozil) and new torsional (Ozil IP) software. The new software uses occasional pulses of longitudinal energy that are operator specified and system controlled to manage potential occlusion. The new software was compared with the previous standard software, which did not include this option. The video monitor system was recorded in high definition. Measurement of cumulative dissipated energy, balanced salt solution use, and amount of time spent in occlusion were measured in a frame-by-frame review of the recorded videos. Data were categorized for analysis by software group and cataract grade (1 to 4). Results The study comprised 59 eyes that had cataract removal using the new torsional software and 59 eyes using the standard torsional software. Cumulative dissipated energy was not statistically significantly different between the 2 groups. Balanced salt solution use, time spent in occlusion, and the mean longest continuous occlusion were significantly lower with the new torsional software; these differences were greater as the cataract grade increased. Conclusions The new torsional software significantly decreased occlusion time and balanced salt solution use over standard torsional software, particularly with denser cataracts. The net result was a relatively better safety cataract surgery profile. Financial Disclosure No author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.
The Posttranslational Processing of β‐Endorphin in Human Hypothalamus

beta-Endorphin is posttranslationally processed to six derivatives, which, although structurally similar, produce distinctly different biological effects. beta-Endorphin 1-31 is a potent opioid receptor agonist, but beta-endorphin 1-27 exhibits antagonist properties, and beta-endorphin 1-26 and the alpha-N-acetyl derivatives of all three peptides lack opioid receptor activity. In the present study, we identified the beta-endorphin peptides synthesized in human hypothalamus using cation exchange HPLC. First, we tested whether postmortem changes occur by storing rat hypothalami at 4 degrees C. This demonstrated that relative amounts of the six beta-endorphin forms did not change for up to 24 h, although total beta-endorphin immunoreactivity significantly declined after 6 h. HPLC analysis of human hypothalami revealed that beta-endorphin 1-31 was the principal form, constituting 58.4 +/- 5.4% of total immunoreactivity. Substantial amounts of beta-endorphin 1-27 (13.4 +/- 1.2%) and beta-endorphin 1-26 (13.1 +/- 1.6%) were also present, but alpha-N-acetylated forms were quantitatively minor, each comprising approximately 5% of total beta-endorphin. A similar processing pattern occurred in preoptic and suprachiasmatic areas of the hypothalamus. These results show that, despite differences in primary sequence, beta-endorphin is processed similarly in both rat and human hypothalamus. Opiate-active beta-endorphin 1-31 is the principal form in both species.
Idiopathic juvenile macular sub-retinal neovascularization: to treat or not to treat

Abstract Juvenile macular sub-retinal neovascularization is an exceedingly rare condition. It occurs in patients under the age of 20. Subretinal neovascularization is so rare in patients less than twenty years of age, that the macular photocoagulation study presents data only for patients 18 years of age or older. This poster describes a 17-year-old female with a foveal hemorrhage secondary to idiopathic juvenile macular sub-retinal neovascularization in one eye. Although the patient was given the treatment option of laser, she refused, and opted for close observation instead. In this case the hemorrhage resolved spontaneously and left the patient with 20/80 vision. The rationale for and against laser treatment is discussed. The significance of the Macular Photocoagulation Study is reviewed with respect to this case.
Polymerization using palladium (II) salts: Homopolymers and copolymers from phenylethynyl compounds and aromatic bromides

Preparation d'homopolymeres de faibles masses moleculaires du m-bromophenylacetylene ainsi que de copolymeres et reseaux de benzenes di- et triethynyl avec des di- et tribromobenzenes par une reaction de couplage utilisant un sel de Pd(II), la triphenylphosphine et l'iodure cuivreux comme catalyseur
The elastic properties of aluminum at high temperatures

Abstract Thin-line ultrasonic techniques have been used to measure the Young's modulus and shear modulus of polycrystalline aluminum up to 850 K. In both cases, large modulus defects are found at high temperatures. A simple model for grain boundary relaxation is used to analyze the measured elastic behavior. The value of the activation energy for grain boundary diffusion extracted from the comparison of the data with the model is close to previous determinations of this energy.
Myocardial oxygen increases due to physical training in individuals with coronary heart disease (CHD): Rate pressure product (RPP) measurements

Endurance training is used to restore, as much as possible, the functional capabilities of individuals with coronary heart disease (CHD) during phase II of the cardiac rehabilitation program. The functional capabilities of individuals with CHD are a function of the capacity of their cardiovascular system which, in turn, is dependent upon the supply of oxygen to cardiac muscles. The greater the supply of oxygen to cardiac muscles (measured by peak myocardial oxygen consumption, MVO2max), the greater the ability of the circulatory system to meet the demands placed upon it. Rate pressure product (RPP; heart rate × systolic blood pressure) is an easy, reliable, and indirect measure of MVo2max. Therefore, contemporary cardiac rehabilitation programs should focus on enhancing RPPmax. Utilizing data from 210 individuals with CHD, a statistically significant pre-post conditioning effect in RPPmax was observed (p<0.01). In the absence of a control group, it was not possible to attribute increases in RPPmax to endurance training. This study also found no significant differences in RPPmax values among the three cardiac conditions investigated (bypass, angioplasty, and post-MI;p≥0.10). However, there were significant differences between the RPPmax values of men and women (p<0.01). The gender differences in RPPmax values disappeared when the data were normalized with respect to pretraining RPP values. Since a severe decline in MVo2max leads to most heart problems, it is suggested that future studies document the effect of endurance training on enhancing RPPmax. If such a relationship is established, then cardiac rehabilitation training programs should focus on enhancing MVo2max, by way of enhancing RPPmax. Such a focus is likely to result in a greater functional capability (ability to perform work). The discussion indicates how the design of jobs and assignment of individuals (both individuals with CHD and healthy people) to various jobs can be based on RPPmax rather than Vo2max, and how it can provide an objective basis for designing less stressful jobs from a psychological and physical demands perspective.
Rydberg-electron decoherence in experimentally obtained recurrence spectra

Using scaled-energy spectroscopy techniques (recurrence spectroscopy) we investigate the influence of collisionally induced decoherence on semiclassical orbits in the Stark-Rydberg system. This experimental investigation represents the first application of recurrence spectroscopy to an atomic system perturbed by collisions with external gas partners. We present high-resolution recurrence spectra of potassium, revealing core-scattered combination orbits, and with minor modifications to the data acquisition process, recurrence spectra were also obtained with the system perturbed by 10 torr of krypton gas. A simple decoherence model is applied to semiclassical theory to explain the loss of recurrence strength at high actions. In several cases we also observe the loss of coherent interference between orbits. The loss of coherent destructive interference causes an increase in the recurrence strength of several core-scattered combination orbits.
Simplified isolation and quantitation of cytoplasmic DNA from rat liver

Abstract The fluorimetric measurement of DNA at levels of 0.1–1.0 μg in cytoplasmic fractions of rat liver is described. The DNA was quantitatively precipitated from the cytoplasm derived from as little as 10 mg of liver with cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) and the fluorescence produced after reaction with diaminobenzoic acid was measured. The precipitation was shown to give complete recovery of added calf thymus DNA or 3 H-labeled liver chromatin and the fluorescence produced was directly proportional to the amount of cytoplasm added. CTAB precipitation of DNA was also shown to be a useful substitute for phenol extraction prior to purification of DNA on hydroxylapatite columns.
DFT time-domain interpolation

The paper puts into perspective two computational approaches to discrete-time interpolation. The exact interpolation kernel for the so-called 'FFT method' is derived and compared with that for the 'zero-interlace' method associated with 'unsampling'. Both yield precisely the same result, but the FFT method produces it using a finite-length sum, whereas the sum for the other method is infinite-length. The identity responsible for this characteristic is derived. Truncation of the sinc sum in attempts to emulate the efficiency of the FFT method can lead to significant error in reconstruction, especially at the end where the magnitudes of the omitted terms are largest. The FFT method can be used to reconstruct periodic, bandlimited functions without error (excepting roundoff), provided the window contains an integral number of periods and the sampling rate exceeds the Nyquist rate. If it does not, there will be erroneous end effects in the reconstruction. If used in a downsampling-upsampling scheme, one must ensure sufficient oversampling to avoid aliasing, as is the case for the zero-interlace method. Numerical examples illustrate the conclusions.
Influence of taste on dietary choice of rats fed amino acid imbalanced or deficient diets

Abstract Diets with added quinine as the negative taste cue or saccharin as the positive taste cue were employed to determine the influence of taste on dietary choice of rats offered diets containing different proportions of amino acids (amino acid imbalance) and which differed in acceptability. The quinine was added to the protein-free or the corrected (corrected for amino acid imbalance) diet that animals normally preferred and the saccharine was added to the amino acid imbalanced or deficient diets that animals normally avoided. There appeared to be a balance in acceptance of a diet between the undesirability of the quinine and the degree of metabolic benefit from the diets with favorable metabolic or nutritional characteristics. Although the presence of higher levels of quinine could interfere with the normal dietary preference based on metabolic consequences, the animals invariably selected the metabolically favorable diet if they were forced to experience the metabolic characteristics of the diets by having to consume them exclusively. The presence of the taste cues appeared to enhance the acceptance or avoidance of diets in the choice regiments, possibly by aiding in their identification, especially to animals previously not exposed to the taste cues.
Theory of equilibrium shape of an anisotropically strained island: Thermodynamic limits for growth of nanowires

Using continuum elastic theory, we show that strain anisotropy removes the shape instability existing for an isotropically strained island. An anistropically strained island has always an anisotropic shape, elongating along the less-strained direction and adopting a narrow width in the more-strained direction. The sign of strain makes only a quantitative difference without changing the qualitative island shape. Our study establishes thermodynamic limits for growing nanowires with anisotropically strained islands.
Impact of Inspected Buffers on Production Parameters of Construction Processes

This paper examines the production implications of quality control inspections conducted on the buffer between processes in a construction project by modeling the linkage between these processes. Inspection of partially completed work at the end of one activity but before the beginning of work by the next activity is fairly common. Work that is deemed to be of sufficient quality is then made available for the next activity. Work that is deemed insufficient requires rework, typically by the trade appropriate to the activity that fed into the buffer, to bring the work into compliance. This has implications for workload management for that trade, of course, as well as for the reliability of work flow to the successor or downstream processes. While such situations are common in all construction sectors, an example from the residential construction sector was examined via a simulation model augmented by field data collected from residential construction projects. The impacts of the work flow into the predecessor process, the inspection pass rate, and resource availability were examined. The inspection pass rate was found to dramatically affect the reliability of work flow, unless resources are unlimited. Furthermore, the inspection pass rate was found to be functionally related to the production parameters of the process.
Performance limitations in underwater acoustic telemetry

Performance limitations in digital acoustic telemetry are addressed. Increases in computational capabilities have led to a number of complex but practical solutions aimed at increasing the reliability of acoustic data links. These solutions range from ocean-basin scale data telemetry to video-image transmission at a few hundred yards' distance. The opportunity to implement highly complex tasks in real time on modest hardware is a common factor. The data rates range from 1 to 500 kb/s and are much slower than satellite channels, while acceptable system complexity is higher than virtually any other channel with comparable data throughput. The basic performance bounds are the channel phase stability, available bandwidth, and the channel impulse response fluctuation rate. Phase stability is of particular concern for long-range telemetry, channel fluctuation characteristics drive equalizer, and synchronizer design; the bandwidth limitation is a direct constraint on data rate for a given signaling method. >
Starch and nitrogen status in soybean during shading and nutrient deficiency

Abstract Plant mineral requirements are based on nutrient prediction models, but plant energy is seldom taken into consideration. Starch, a potential indicator of plant energy reserve, was assessed by first investigating the association between leaf starch and nitrogen (N) during and after shading, and secondly by quantifying leaf phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) content to the starch‐N relationship. Soybeans [Glycine max (L.) Merr] were field‐grown in 1992, 1993 and 1994 at Fayetteville, Arkansas, and shaded during vegetative and reproductive growth (V7 to R4). The 1994 shading study also incorporated a treatment of K and P fertilizer. Starch and N levels (% leaf DW) were predicted from calibration models based on spectra produced by near infra‐red spectroscopy. Starch measured at 1,800 h was reduced by shading, declined after flowering, and was more strongly associated with radiation and leaf N as growth stage R4 was reached. The range of starch concentration in leaf tissue was from zero to 18% leaf DW,...
Brill-Zinsser disease.

Brill-Zinsser disease Until the beginning of the 19th century, no clear clinical differentiation could be made between typhus and typhoid—two of the major pestilence fevers. By the end of that century, the development of typhoid agglutination tests (particularly the Widal test) and the availability of blood cultures to show typhoid bacillaemia made clinical differentiation possible. 95% of typhoid cases had agglutinins and more than 90% had Eberth bacillus in the blood. Late in 1896, during an epidemic of typhoid fever in New York, USA, Nathan Brill noted sporadic cases of a typhoid-like illness with negative blood cultures and Widal reactions in patients at the Mount Sinai Hospital. Brill initially reported 17 cases in 1898 and published a clinical summary based on 221 cases in 1910. His seminal observations and laboratory findings clearly differentiated the illness from typhoid, and he believed that, because of non-communicability and a uniformly non-fatal course, the illness was also not typhus. He called the disorder “critical fever” because of the crisis-type fall in temperature at the end of the illness (figure 2). In the early 1930s, differentiation between epidemic EPONYM
Laparoscopic intraperitoneal port placement for optimally cytoreduced advanced ovarian cancer.

Abstract Study objective To evaluate complications of intraperitoneal ports placed laparoscopically as a separate procedure after initial debulking surgery for ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer. Design A retrospective case series (Canadian Task Force Classification III). Setting Inpatient, academic teaching institution. Patients Female patients of any age, at a single institution, undergoing laparoscopically-assisted intraperitoneal port placement after initial surgery for ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer from January 2001 through December 2009. Interventions Laparoscopically assisted intra-peritoneal port placement. Measurements/Main Results Thirty-three ports were successfully placed, with no conversions to laparotomy. Only 2 patients were unable to receive intraperitoneal chemotherapy, and there was 1 major complication (enterotomy) related to port placement. There were 6 cases of port dysfunction (17%); however, in 3 cases the port was replaced and subsequently functioned well. There were 2 cases of port infection necessitating port removal. The majority (81.8%) of patients were able to complete all planned cycles of intraperitoneal chemotherapy. Conclusion Based on the data from our institution, laparoscopic placement of an intraperitoneal port may be safely performed as a second procedure after initial surgery for stage III ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer and provides access for post-operative therapy.
Optimizing the stretch of independent tasks on a cluster: From sequential tasks to moldable tasks

This paper addresses the problem of scheduling non-preemptive moldable tasks to minimize the stretch of the tasks in an online non-clairvoyant setting. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this problem has never been studied before. To tackle this problem, first the sequential subproblem is studied through the lens of the approximation theory. An algorithm, called DASEDF, is proposed and, through simulations, it is shown to outperform the first-come, first-served scheme. Furthermore, it is observed that machine availability is the key to getting good stretch values. Then, the moldable task scheduling problem is considered, and, by leveraging the results from the sequential case, another algorithm, DBOS, is proposed to optimize the stretch while scheduling moldable tasks. This work is motivated by a task scheduling problem in the context of parallel short sequence mapping which has important applications in biology and genetics. The proposed DBOS algorithm is evaluated both on synthetic data sets that represent short sequence mapping requests and on data sets generated using log files of real production clusters. The results show that the DBOS algorithm significantly outperforms the two state-of-the-art task scheduling algorithms on stretch optimization.
A prospective analysis of hypertonic lactated saline v. Ringer's lactate-colloid for the resuscitation of severely burned children☆

Children and young people ranging in age from 5 months to 21 years, with burns covering ⩾30 per cent of the body surface area, were entered into a prospective study comparing the resuscitative efficacy of hypertonic lactated saline (HLS) and Ringer's lactate-colloid (RL-colloid). The 24- and 48-h fluid requirements of children resuscitated with the RL-colloid were significantly greater than those resuscitated with HLS (P<0·02); 2–37±0·91 ml/kg/per cent burn (HLS) v. 3.43±1·51 ml/ kg/per cent burn (RL-colloid) at 24h post-burn and 4·18±1·37 ml/kg/per cent burn (HLS) v. 6.32±2·51 ml/ kg/per cent burn (RL-colloid) at 48h (P<0·01). The urine output between the two groups was not significantly different, and the haematocrits were equally maintained. Patients in the RL-colloid group gained significantly more weight at 48 h (P<0·05). The sodium requirements and resulting sodium balances were not significantly different. The desired and significant elevation (P<0·001) of serum sodium in the HLS group was maintained for the 5 days of the study. Colloid oncotic pressures, serum albumin and albumin/globulin (A/G) ratios were not significantly different between the two groups until 48h post-burn. The RL-colloid group received plasmanate during the second 24-h period. The significant elevation in serum albumin, A/G ratio and colloid oncotic pressure persisted for only 2 days-by 96 h post-burn these values were no longer significantly different. Paediatric patients may be equally well resuscitated with either of the fluid protocols-but may have decreased morbidity associated with oedema if resuscitated with HLS. The RL-colloid resuscitation group required 45 per cent more fluid volume at 24 h post-burn and 51 per cent more fluid at 48 h. The cost of fluids for a 60-kg patient with a 60 per cent burn would be US $120 for the HLS protocol and US $1015 for the RL-colloid protocol or 8·5 times more expensive. Therefore, we suggest that we can provide a more cost-effective alternative to our patients if resuscitated with the HLS protocol, both in terms of direct and indirect savings of dollars and morbidity.
A Comparison of Students With Behavior Challenges Educated in Suburban and Rural Settings: Academic, Social, and Behavioral Outcomes:

The authors compared the characteristics of early elementary age students educated in either rural or suburban schools who were identified as showing soft signs of emotional or behavioral disorders according to systematic screening procedures. The authors followed 134 kindergarten, first grade, and second grade students identified by these screening tools over a 3-year period to determine (a) the academic, social, and behavioral characteristics of students served in each of these locales and (b) how they progressed over time. The results indicated very few differences in performance patterns for students educated in rural and suburban communities. In general, students were within average performance levels, mostly declining or remaining stable over time on the majority of student-completed and direct observation measures. Teacher-completed measures indicated progress in some areas. Limitations, future directions, and educational implications are offered.
Photopolymerization kinetics of tributylmethylammonium-based (meth)acrylate ionic liquids and the effect of water

Polymerizable ionic liquids were synthesized from the neutralization reac- tion between tributylmethylammonium hydroxide and methacrylic or acrylic acid, and their photopolymerization kinetics have been determined. The acrylate monomer polymerization rate exhibited a profound dependence on the water content as follows: the monomer viscosity was a strong function of the water content, increasing sub- stantially as the water content increased from less than 5 to 30%. For the tributyl- methylammonium acrylate with less than 5% water, the viscosity was 2000 times greater than that of butyl acrylate. The high viscosity is proposed to reduce both the propagation and termination steps. Both monomers exhibited an increase in rate with temperature. V
A numerical study of caustics and polarizations of seismic waves interacting with three-dimensional geological structures

Ray tracing in three-dimensional, piecewise continuous models of near-surface geological structures is used to study the geometry of caustics and wave polarizations induced by refracted and multiply reflected high frequency seismic waves. The geological structures modeled are sediment-filled basins and curved reflectors. We show that multiply reflected seismic P-waves may easily induce localized intensification of both vertical and horizontal motions at the ground's surface. The results may be of importance to the prediction of earthquake hazards in urban areas. Additionally, we suggest applications to the study of the excitation of free oscillations of sedimentary basins and to the seismic detection of subsurface reflectors.
Replication-defective virus infection of feather buds produces a localized region of β-galactosidase activity

Abstract We are interested in using retroviral vectors to trace cell lineage and to introduce exogenous genes in chicken skin explant cultures. Here the LZ10 virus carrying the gene encoding β-galactosidase was introduced to the skin explants by two different means: a) the virus was added to the media or b) the virus was microinjected into regions of the developing feather buds. Infection by microinjection led to localized expression of β-galactosidase in the developing feather bud, while, surprisingly, infection by adding the virus to the culture media led to localized band of β-galactosidase expression in the middle of the feather filament. The significance of this finding in skin morphogenesis and as a tool for experimental embryology is discussed.
The effect of catecholamines and prostaglandins upon human and rat erythrocytes.

Abstract Both human and rat erythrocytes respond to low doses (10−11-10−9 M) of L -isoproterenol and L epinephrin with an increased degree of hypotonic hemolysis and a decreased rate of filtration through standardized paper filters. The receptors in both cell types have many of the characteristics of β-receptors for catecholamines. However, hormone-receptor interaction in the human cell does not lead to an increase in intracellular cyclic AMP concentration, but in the rat cell, hormone-receptor interaction does lead to a significant increase in cylic AMP content. Thus, catecholamine-β-receptor interaction, at least in the human red cell, leads to a change in red cell properties which are not mediated by adenylate cyclase activation. Likewise, prostaglandin E2, at 10−12-10−10 M, causes an increased degree of hypotonic hemolysis and a decreased rate of filtration through standardized paper filters, but it also does not increase the cyclic AMP content of the human erythrocyte but does increase that of the rat erythrocyte. Nevertheless, exogenous cyclic AMP, when added at a concentration of 10−8 M to washed human erythrocytes, increases the degree of hypotonic hemolysis. Conversely, prostaglandin E1, at 10−12-10−10 M, causes a decreased degree of hypotonic hemolysis and an increased rate of filtration through a standard filter. Both prostaglandin E2 and the catecholamines decrease the size of a rapidly exchangeable calcium pool, and prostaglandin E1 increases it.
CO2/N2 separations using nanoporous alumina-supported ionic liquid membranes: Effect of the support on separation performance

Abstract Supported ionic liquid membranes (SILMs) were prepared by impregnating porous anodic alumina membranes with seven different ionic liquids, with different alkyl imidazolium cations and bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, acetate and trifluoroacetate anions. The permeability of these membranes to carbon dioxide and nitrogen was measured, yielding CO 2 permeabilities greater than 1000 Barrer and ideal CO 2 /N 2 selectivities between 12 and 21, values that lie close to the Robeson upper bound for this separation. A comparison of these results to values reported by others for other SILMs and for polymerized SILM systems shows larger CO 2 permeabilities and generally comparable CO 2 /N 2 selectivities. Measured CO 2 permeance values were also found to be larger than permeance values predicted from bulk CO 2 solubility and diffusivity values that have been previously reported by our laboratory. In addition, permeance values measured with support membranes with 100 nm nominal pore size were larger than values measured with membranes prepared with 20 nm nominal pore size support membranes. We hypothesize that these differences result from the influence of ionic liquid-support membrane interactions on SILM performance.
Radiation-induced deletions and translocations of Microtus agrestis sex chromosomes in vivo

Abstract Male M. agrestis were X-irradiated with 350 rads wholebody dose, and several tissues were examined at various times postirradiation for the occurrence of cells with sex chromosome deletions. Cells with induced deletions of the constitutive heterochromatin of both the X and the Y chromosomes survived up to 30 days after irradiation in vivo. In addition, cells with deletions of the short arm, the functional portion, of the X chromosome were observed in vivo, at least up to 30 days after irradiation, in all tissues examined. Such cells also survived in skin and lung fibroblast cultures from irradiated animals up to 30 days in vitro. These aberrations probably represented deletions rather than translocations, because translocation of long missing segments to other chromosomes would have been readily detected. In fact, only few such events were observed. It is concluded, therefore, that cells with deletions of heterochromatic segments of sex chromosomes, and, at least for some somatic cells, even the functional X portion, are viable and possess reproductive capability.
Treadmill Exercise Test in Aortic Stenosis and Mitral Stenosis

The incidence of positive submaximal treadmill exercise tests was evaluated in patients with mitral stenosis and aortic stenosis, no electrocardiographic evidence of left ventricular hypertrophy, and normal coronary arteries on angiography. Seven of 19 patients (37 percent) with aortic stenosis (53 to 80 mm Hg gradient across the aortic valve) had ≥1.0 mm of ischemic S-T segment depression during or after a submaximal treadmill test. Three of 15 patients (20 percent) with mitral stenosis (11 to 22 mm Hg mean gradient across the mitral valve) had ≥1.0 mm of ischemic S-T segment depression during or after a submaximal treadmill exercise test. Patients with significant valvular disease, no electrocardiographic evidence of left ventricular hypertrophy, and normal coronary arteries may have a positive submaximal treadmill exercise test due to an unfavorable balance between myocardial oxygen supply and myocardial oxygen demand.
TIN-PROTOPORPHYRIN DECREASES BILIRUBIN PRODUCTION AND HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA IN OBSTRUCTIVE JAUNDICE

Hemolysis is a major factor contributing to increased bilirubin production and hyperbilirubinemia during biliary obstruction in the rat [Salomon, et al. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 5:806-810, 1986]. Tin-protoporphyrin (TP) inhibits heme oxygenase, which catalyzes the first step in the degradation of heme to bilirubin, derived from red blood cell breakdown. Therefore, we studied TP's effect on the elevations in the excretion rate of CO (VeCO), an index of bilirubin production, and the pliisma total bilirubin level ([B]), caused by ligation of the common bile duct in adult Wistar rats. At post-operative t=72 h and 96 h, experimental rats were injected SQ with 50 umoles TP/kg body weight. By 120 hours after surgery, the VeCO had fallen by 23% and the [B] by 32% in TP-trented animals compared to no significant changes in the saline-treated controls. The inhibition of bilirubin production by TP in adult rats with surgically-created obstructive jaundice is an important factor in decreasing the hyperbilirublnemia of cholestasis in this model.
Physicochemical properties of peanut proteins in sucrose.

Abstract The major peanut globulins appear to have the same association-dissociation properties in sucrose as in low ionic strength phosphate buffer. The major peanut globulin, α-arachin, is more soluble in 1.0 M sucrose than in low ionic strength phosphate buffer. Sucrose interferes with the assay for esterase activity on acrylamide gels but has no effect on the immunological and electrophoretic properties of the major globulins. In sucrose no conformational changes in the major globulins were induced by heat as evidenced by immunoelectrophoresis whereas, in buffer, shifts in electrophoretic mobility were observed for two of the globulins. Esterases in buffer remained active after heating at 75°C for 15 minutes.
Role of environmental geology in US Department of Energy's advanced research and development programs to promote energy security in the United States

The purpose of this report is to describe the research programs and program activities of the US Department of Energy (DOE) that most directly relate to topics in the field of environmental geology. In this light, the mission of the DOE and the definition of environmental geology will be discussed. In a broad sense, environmental geology is that branch of earth science that emphasizes the entire spectrum of human interactions with the physical environment that include environmental health, mineral exploration and exploitation, waste management, energy use and conservation, global change, environmental law, natural and man-made hazard assessment, and land-use planning. A large number of research, development, and demonstration programs are under DOE's administration and guidance that directly or indirectly relate to topics in environmental geology. The primary mission of the DOE is to contribute to the welfare of the nation by providing the scientific foundation, technology, policy, and institutional leadership necessary to achieve efficiency in energy use, diversity in energy sources, a more productive and competitive economy, improved environmental quality, and a secure national defense. The research and development funding effort has most recently been redirected toward greater utilization of clean fossil fuels, especially natural gas, weatherization, renewable energy, energy efficiency, fusion energy, and high-energy physics. This paper will summarize the role that environmental geology has played and will continue to play in the execution of DOE's mission and the energy options that DOE has investigated closely. The specific options are those that center around energy choices, such as alternative-fueled transportation, building technologies, energy-efficient lighting, and clean energy.
Preparing for information‐age conflict: Part 1 conceptual and organizational dimensions

Abstract Prevailing hopes for the peace‐enhancing tendencies of interconnectivity must be tempered by a realization that the information revolution augurs a new epoch of conflict, in which new modes of armed combat and social upheaval will emerge. We propose a four‐part vision to prepare for this new epoch. This article spells out the first two parts — the conceptual and organizational (a second article will convey the doctrinal and strategic parts). In our vision, preparing for information‐age conflict involves rethinking the very concept of ‘information’. This is achieved by adding to the dominant view, that information is largely about ‘information processing’, a less‐developed view that emphasizes the ‘structuring’ roles of information. In this latter view, embedded information is what enables a structure to hold its form; and this helps account for the successful functioning of all sorts of actors and systems, in peace as well as in war. The organizational dimension of our analysis holds that the inf...
A year of living dangerously.

The author opines on writing about science, delving into related social issues, and the reactions it stimulates. The author mentions an observed direct correlation between outrage and interest induced by discussion of social issues, with examples noted. The author presents mock awards for abuse in the documentation of quantum mechanics in popular culture.
Pharmacologic studies on the mechanism of melatonin-induced vasorelaxation in rat aorta

The influence of several classes of drugs on the melatonin-induced vasorelaxation of isolated rat aorta were examined. Melatonin caused a dose-dependent relaxation of precontracted (30 mM KCl) aorta. This relaxant response was blocked by preincubating vessels with antagonists of vasoactive intestinal peptide. Substance P antagonists did not alter the response to melatonin. Pretreatment of vessels with 6-hydroxydopamine, lidocaine, or tetrodotoxin antagonized the relaxant response to melatonin. On the other hand, pretreatment with atropine + propranolol did not alter the response to melatonin. These experiments suggest that melatonin may exert part of its vasoactive actions by an interaction with perivascular nerve terminals.
Alcoholics Anonymous Effectiveness: Faith Meets Science

Research on the effectiveness of Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) is controversial and subject to widely divergent interpretations. The goal of this article is to provide a focused review of the literature on AA effectiveness that will allow readers to judge the evidence effectiveness of AA for themselves. The review organizes the research on AA effectiveness according to six criterion required for establishing causation: (1) magnitude of effect; (2) dose response effect; (3) consistent effect; (4) temporally accurate effects; (5) specific effects; (6) plausibility. The evidence for criteria 1- 4 and 6 is strong: rates of abstinence are about twice as high among those who attend AA (criteria 1, magnitude); higher levels of attendance are related to higher rates of abstinence (criteria 2, dose-response); these relationships are found for different samples and follow-up periods (criteria 3, consistency); prior AA attendance is predictive of subsequent abstinence (criteria 4, temporal); and mechanisms of action predicted by theories of behavior change are present in AA (criteria 6, plausibility). However, rigorous experimental evidence establishing the specificity of an effect for AA or Twelve Step Facilitation/TSF (criteria 5) is mixed, with 2 trials finding a positive effect for AA, 1 trial finding a negative effect for AA, and 1 trial finding a null effect. Studies addressing specificity using statistical approaches have had two contradictory findings, and two that reported significant effects for AA after adjusting for potential confounders such as motivation to change.
Reactive Infiltration of MORB-Eclogite-Derived Carbonated Silicate Melt into Fertile Peridotite at 3 GPa and Genesis of Alkalic Magmas

%, Na2O � 3·4^4 wt %, CO2 � 6·2^11·7 wt %) increase in alkalinity with decreasing melt^rock ratio. We demonstrate that owing to the presence of only 0·65 wt % of CO2 in the bulk melt^rock mixture (corresponding to 25 wt % BAC þ lherzolite mixture), nephelinitic-basanite melts can be generated by partial reactive crystallization of basaltic andesite as opposed to basanites produced in volatile-free conditions. Post 20% olivine fractionation, the reacted melts derived from ABC at low to intermediate melt^rock ratios match with 20^40% of the population of natural nephelinites and melilitites in terms of SiO2 and CaO/Al2O3 ,6 0^80% in terms of TiO2 ,A l 2O3 and FeO, and520% in terms of CaO and Na 2O. The reacted melts from BAC, at intermediate melt^rock ratios, are excellent matches for some of the Mg-rich (MgO 415 wt %) natural nephelinites in terms of SiO2 ,A l 2O3 ,F eO*, CaO, Na2 Oa nd CaO/Al2O3. Not only can these reacted melts erupt by themselves, they can also act as metasomatizing agents in the Earth’s mantle. Our study suggests that a combination of subducted, silica-saturated crust^peridotite interaction and the presence of CO2 in the mantle source region are sufficient to produce a large range of primitive alkalic basalts. Also, mantle potential temperatures of 1330^13508C appear sufficient to produce high-MgO, primitive basanite^nephelinite if carbonated eclogite melt and peridotite interaction is taken into account.
Parsing the late positive complex: Mental chronometry and the ERP components that inhabit the neighborhood of the P300

Falkenstein, Hohnsbein, and Hoorman (1994) suggested that common measures of P300 latency confound a "P-SR" component whose latency corresponds to stimulus evaluation time and a "P-CR" component whose latency varies with response-selection time, thus casting doubt on work in mental chronometry that relies on P300 latency. We report here a replication and extension of Falkenstein et al. (1994) using a high-density 129-electrode montage with 11 subjects. Spatiotemporal PCA was used to extract the components of the ERP. A centroid measure is also introduced for detecting waveform-timing changes beyond just peak latency. In terms of componentry, we argue that the P-SR and the P-CR, correspond to the P3a/Novelty P3 and the P300, respectively. Conceptually, we dispute the proposed distinction between stimulus evaluation and response selection. We suggest a four-stage ERP model of information processing and place the P3a and the P300 in this framework.
Transducer-Coupled Surface Acoustic Wave Amplifiers

A review is made of various transducer-coupled surface acoustic wave amplifiers which are by nature bilateral. A unilateral transducer-coupled parametric amplifier is described. Unilateral operation is achieved by the cancellation of excitation in the common idler circuit.
Partially quenched gauge theories and an application to staggered fermions

We extend our Lagrangian technique for chiral perturbation theory for quenched QCD to include theories in which only some of the quarks are quenched. We discuss the relationship between the partially quenched theory and a theory in which only the unquenched quarks are present. We also investigate the peculiar infrared divergences associated with the ${\ensuremath{\eta}}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ in the quenched approximation, and find the conditions under which such divergences can appear in a partially quenched theory. We then apply our results to staggered fermion QCD in which the square root of the fermion determinant is taken, using the observation that this should correspond to a theory with four quarks, two of which are quenched.
Interfacial interactions between natural RBC membranes and synthetic polymeric nanoparticles

The unique structural features and stealth properties of a recently developed red blood cell membrane-cloaked nanoparticle (RBC-NP) platform raise curiosity over the interfacial interactions between natural cellular membranes and polymeric nanoparticle substrates. Herein, several interfacial aspects of the RBC-NPs are examined, including completeness of membrane coverage, membrane sidedness upon coating, and the effects of polymeric particles' surface charge and surface curvature on the membrane cloaking process. The study shows that RBC membranes completely cover negatively charged polymeric nanoparticles in a right-side-out manner and enhance the particles' colloidal stability. The membrane cloaking process is applicable to particle substrates with a diameter ranging from 65 to 340 nm. Additionally, the study reveals that both surface glycans on RBC membranes and the substrate properties play a significant role in driving and directing the membrane-particle assembly. These findings further the understanding of the dynamics between cellular membranes and nanoscale substrates and provide valuable information toward future development and characterization of cellular membrane-cloaked nanodevices.
Performance improvement/HPT model: Guiding the process

This commentary is part of an ongoing dialogue that began in the October 2011 special issue of Performance Improvement—Exploring a Universal Performance Model for HPT: Notes From the Field. The authors feel that the performance improvement/HPT model in its past, present, and potential future iterations is not the only model for our field; however, it makes a systematic and flexible contribution to the field.
Reliability of Observational Kinematic Gait Analysis

Gait analysis, like all clinical assessments, is subject to measurement error. Specification of the extent of measurement error is imperative before drawing conclusions from any test. The purpose of this study was to determine the within-rater and between-rater reliability of observational gait analysis in a pediatric sample wearing knee-ankle-foot orthoses. Three expert observers, using a 3-point scale, rated videotaped gait kinematics of 15 children who had lower limb disability and who wore braces. The rating sessions were then repeated, with one month between sessions. Total agreement (identical ratings), both between-raters and within-raters, occurred in two-thirds of the observations, and an additional 29% of the observations differed by one point. Between-rater intraclass correlation coefficient type 2,1 was .73; within-rater Pearson product-moment correlation averaged .60. Observational kinematic gait analysis appears to be a convenient, but only moderately reliable, technique.
Drug treatment careers : A conceptual framework and existing research findings

While outcomes for any single intervention are important to determine, the long term evaluation of multiple, sequential interventions is at least equally important. One strategy for examining this process is that of the treatment career. A treatment careers perspective applies a longitudinal dynamic approach to identify and understand key factors influencing the development of, and transitions in the course of, drug dependence and its treatment. After presenting an overview of the treatment careers perspective, this paper reviews and discusses relevant research issues and findings on treatment seeking, utilization and resistance, entry and reentry, engagement and retention, client treatment matching, and outcomes. Key findings include high resistance to entering treatment by many drug users, late development of treatment careers relative to addiction and criminal careers, short durations of most treatment episodes, cumulative and facilitative effects of treatment experiences, and beneficial effects of matching clients to treatment. The treatment careers perspective provides a useful framework within which findings on drug treatment can be better integrated and critical issues can be identified for further research, leading to a better understanding of drug dependence and its treatment.
DNA Mediated Solubilization of Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes

DNA has been recognized as an efficient dispersion agent that individually exfoliate and chirality-fractionate single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) according to their diameter and metallicity. Amongst, single stranded d(GT)n DNA has been known to efficiently disperse individual-level nanotube and mediate their subsequent chirality separation, when eluted from an anion exchange column at various salt concentrations. However, the cost for typical synthetic oligomer, ranging ~25,000$/g, hinders the bulk-scale solubilization and separation of SWCNTs. In this paper, we present a solubilization and separation study of SWCNTs by using salmon sperm DNA (SaDNA), which costs 20$/g as a byproduct from the fishing industry. We show that the SaDNA exfoliates and disperses SWCNTs on a comparable level to d(GT)n oligomer. The NIR and resonance Raman analysis from the solubilized nanotube samples will be presented along with the chirality dependent separation results from SaDNA mediated SWCNT dispersion.
Detection of Gas Leaks in an Anaerobic Glove Box

An inert gas, Freon, can be added to the atmosphere of an anaerobic glove box without deleterious effect to cultures of anaerobic microorganisms. The sensitive probe of a Halogen Leak Detector passing over the outside surface of the box will pinpoint any escaping Freon and therefore locate the leak.