cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
TOBACCO - A CAUSE OF CONGENITAL ARTHROGRYPOSIS

I. ABSTRACT Epidemics of arthrogryposis in newborn pigs have occurred on more than 15 Kentucky farms since 1967. More than 1,100 newborn pigs have been malformed. In all instances the pregnant sows giving birth to these pigs had access to tobacco stalks and in several instances were observed consuming the stalks. Trials designed to reproduce the anomalies observed were conducted involving the feeding of tobacco and related chemicals to pregnant sows. From sows fed aqueous tobacco filtrate, 9.5% of the newborn pigs were deformed. From those fed tobacco stalks and related chemicals, 10.7% of the newborn pigs also showed arthrogryposis identical to the anomalies seen in field occurrences. Based on collected data, tobacco is teratogenic when consumed by swine under proper conditions.
Validation study of gas chromatographic determination of pentachlorophenol in animal liver

A validation study was conducted of a gas chromatographic procedure for the determination of pentachlorophenol (PCP) in chicken, pork, and beef liver. Five analysts representing 5 laboratories analyzed randomly numbered blind duplicates at 3 fortified tissue concentrations and one incurred tissue on 2 consecutive days. The PCP concentrations ranged from approximately 40 to 400 parts per billion (ppb). All data were reported to 3 significant figures in ppb. The coefficients of variation for repeatability were between 2.8 and 8.5%, except for the beef liver, at a mean value of 80 ppb PCP, where the CV was 11.3%. The CVs for reproducibility were in the range of 9.7 - 16.5% with little significant difference by species. The CV asymptotically approached 10% as the PCP level increased.
Solitary wave propagation in tunable liquid crystal-filled dual-core photonic crystal fibers

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we introduce the mathematical model and the necessary constraint conditions of solitary wave propagation through dual core photonic crystal fibres (PCF) filled with liquid crystal. Using the Ansatz method, we derived analytically the necessary formulas to support soliton wave propagation in the new proposed type of coupled bi-refringent fibres. We evaluated dispersion and coupling coefficients by solving wave equations using the vector finite element method. These values can be tuned either by applying external perturbations such as heat or electric field or even altering the geometry of the PCF. Based on the constraint conditions derived from analytic formulas and numerical simulation, we determined the wavelength range for which the soliton waves will be supported without any distortion. The wavelength range can be adjusted by tuning the PCF.
Changes in Regioselectivity of H Atom Abstraction during the Hydroxylation and Cyclization Reactions Catalyzed by Hyoscyamine 6β-Hydroxylase

Hyoscyamine 6β-hydroxylase (H6H) is an αKG-dependent nonheme iron oxidase that catalyzes the oxidation of hyoscyamine to scopolamine via two separate reactions: hydroxylation followed by oxidative cyclization. Both of these reactions are expected to involve H atom abstraction from each of two adjacent carbon centers (C6 vs C7) in the substrate. During hydroxylation, there is a roughly 85:1 preference for H atom abstraction from C6 versus C7; however, this inverts to a 1:16 preference during cyclization. Furthermore, 18O incorporation experiments in the presence of deuterated substrate are consistent with the catalytic iron(IV)-oxo complex being able to support the coordination of an additional ligand during hydroxylation. These observations suggest that subtle differences in the substrate binding configuration can have significant consequences for the catalytic cycle of H6H.
How comprehensive is comprehensive? Using Wangari Maathai as a critique of the World Bank’s contemporary development model

This paper asks how comprehensive and holistic is the World Bank’s current development model, also known as the Comprehensive Development Framework (CDF), in Africa? By comprehensive and holistic, ...
DIGITAL CULTURE: SOCIAL ESSENCE AND COMMUNICATIONAL CONSTITUENTS

The purpose of the work is to study the concept of digital culture, scientifically substantiate and analyze its basic components. Methodology . The research uses general scientific methods of comparison, analysis and synthesis, namely: in the process of working out the domestic and foreign source base on the formation and development of digital culture, with the empirical comparison of scientific approaches for the separation of components of digital culture. Scien-tific novelty consists in the analysis of the concept of “digital culture” as a mass phenomenon, its components and mani-festations on the basis of analysis of domestic and foreign experience. Conclusions . Today's digital culture is becoming a factor that increasingly affects social and professional mobility and as a result significantly changes the behavior model of the modern generation. Digital technologies development coses transformations in traditional cultural areas, which leads to a change in the social outlook and a revaluation of values. The term “digital culture” may have a slightly different load: in the context of professional activity, it often refers to the ability of a person to apply their digital knowledge and skills (competencies); in the context of everyday communication it means a harmonious combination of the digital world and classical approaches to understanding the culture of behavior.
Toward a Concrete Utopia: Architecture in Yugoslavia, 1948-1980

On entering Toward a Concrete Utopia: Architecture in Yugoslavia, 1948–1980, the exhibition held at Museum of The Modern Art, New York, from 15 July 2018 to 13 January 2019, the visitor walks into ...
Relating network connectivity to dynamics: opportunities and challenges for theoretical neuroscience

We review recent work relating network connectivity to the dynamics of neural activity. While concepts stemming from network science provide a valuable starting point, the interpretation of graph-theoretic structures and measures can be highly dependent on the dynamics associated to the network. Properties that are quite meaningful for linear dynamics, such as random walk and network flow models, may be of limited relevance in the neuroscience setting. Theoretical and computational neuroscience are playing a vital role in understanding the relationship between network connectivity and the nonlinear dynamics associated to neural networks.
Effect of the Periapical "Inflammatory Plug" on Dental Pulp Regeneration: A Histologic In Vivo Study.

Abstract Introduction In the current study, we investigate the effect of the inflammation occupying the apical foramen—a phenomenon we refer to as “inflammatory plug”—on the regenerative potential of a root canal therapy. Methods We performed root canal treatment (RCT) in 12 canine root canals while aseptically instrumenting the apex to a 0.5-mm-wide foramen and obturating the canals with the following materials: collagen sponge, platelet-rich fibrin, and blood clot (no material introduced). Results We were successful in maintaining the integrity of the periapical tissue in 8 of 12 RCTs. Injury to the periapical tissue occurred during the remaining 4 RCTs, which initiated inflammation accompanied by bone and dentin resorption. Our histologic analyses showed that the resulting inflammatory plug contained abundant M1 macrophages and was associated with an absence of intracanal cellular infiltration. On the contrary, noninflamed samples showed signs of repair, as indicated by the migration of periapical cells throughout the root canal. Conclusions We conclude that controlling periapical inflammation is key while attempting to achieve dental pulp regeneration.
Should the Public Get To Participate Before Federal Agencies Issue Guidance? An Empirical Study

When issuing binding regulations, agencies must follow procedural safeguards (including notice-and-comment) that allow the regulated industry and other stakeholders to participate in formulating agency policy. But regulations always leave gaps and ambiguities. Because of this, agencies also issue huge amounts of “guidance,” that is, statements to advise the public on how the agency is tentatively planning to exercise all the discretion that its regulations have left to it. Because guidance is not binding, agencies issuing it need not follow any procedural safeguards. This is what allows them to issue so much of it so quickly. While ubiquitous and essential, guidance also entails a certain danger. To the extent that officials follow guidance rigidly — and they sometimes do — guidance documents become de facto binding regulations, but ones that the agency issues at will, with the public having no say. One might think the solution is to get agencies to use guidance less rigidly, but that is easier said than done, since it is inherently difficult for large cross-pressured organizations like the federal government to be flexible. An alternative solution is to beef up the procedure by which agencies issue guidance in the first place to make it more participatory. This solution has recently been proposed by academics, members of Congress, and presidential administrations. But the literature on the proposal is mainly theoretical, without much empirical understanding of how these participatory arrangements work when they are tried, or what their consequences are. To fill the gap, this Article draws upon interviews with 135 individuals who had firsthand experience with guidance as employees of agencies, industry, or non-governmental organizations (NGOs). While the interviews indicate that public participation in the issuance of guidance is sometimes worthwhile, they also provide a body of new evidence that the benefits of such participation are uncertain, and the pitfalls complex and potentially severe, in ways that are unknown or underexplored in the literature. In analyzing the interviews, this Article aims to provide a realistic and concrete assessment of participation’s value and a guide for what factors an agency needs to evaluate (and what pitfalls it must anticipate) in deciding when and how to invite participation — factors and pitfalls that vary substantially across agencies and even across documents. In light of this variation, I conclude that decisions about whether and how to invite participation should normally be made on a relatively local basis: document by document, or, at most, agency by agency. I caution against hard government-wide mandates of the kind proposed by some lawmakers and scholars.
Iron for Florida Turfgrasses

Iron (Fe) is commonly applied to enhance turfgrass color. Understanding the dynamics of Fe both in the plant and in the soil could greatly enhance your nutrient management programs. The objective of this 4-page publication is to explain the function of Fe within the plant, describe the Fe sources available for turfgrasses, and identify which forms of Fe are most effective in improving turfgrass quality. Written by Travis Shaddox and J.B. Unruh and published by the UF/IFAS Department of Environmental Horticulture, January 2018. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ep551
Medical Education with 3-Year Regional Campuses: Do They Attract a Different Type of Applicant?

BACKGROUND In response to calls to increase class sizes, the Medical College of Wisconsin (MCW) opened two new 3-year community-based regional campuses in 2016 and 2017. The goal of this study was to analyze whether the applicants and accepted student pools differed for the school's 3-year and 4-year campuses. METHODS Deidentified data from Wisconsin applicants to MCW for the class enrolling in 2017 were categorized based on their preference for the Milwaukee or a regional campus. Applicants and admitted student data were compared on Medical College Admissions Test (MCAT) score, undergraduate school grade point average (GPA), sex, age, research intensity of their undergraduate school (Carnegie 1 classification vs all others) and Wisconsin county of residency. RESULTS Regional campus applicants were significantly older (24.6 vs 23.7, P = 0.023), more likely to reside in nonurban counties (33% vs 13%, 1.0) or 3-year (values < 1.0) campus: graduation from a Carnegie 1 undergraduate school (OR = 1.626; 95% CI, 1.01 - 2.62), a higher age at the time of application (OR = 1.092; 95% CI, 1.01 - 1.18), total MCAT score (OR = 0.916; 95% CI, 0.89 - 0.95), and permanent residence in a rural Wisconsin county (OR = 0.349; 95% CI, 0.21 - 0.59). When we examined students who were accepted and matriculated as opposed to just applicants, regression models showed that students with higher ages were more likely to attend the 4-year campus (OR = 1.42; 95% CI, 1.15 - 1.76), while a higher total MCAT score (OR = 0.83; 95% CI, 0.76 - 0.91) and rural county residency (OR = 0.27; 95% CI, .1 - 0.73) were associated with atriculation to the 3-year regional campuses. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that the regional 3-year campus model is attracting and selecting students with some differences from those at MCW's 4-year campus. After adjusting for other characteristics, students matriculating to the regional 3-year campuses are nearly 4 times more likely to come from a rural county and have slightly higher MCAT scores.
Deep Social Learning in Dynamic Environments Using Subcultures and Auctions With Cultural Algorithms

Cultural Algorithms have led to the development of many ways to distribute information within social networks. These mechanisms act by helping the system make decisions about how information is distributed through a population network, and thus are called distribution or decision mechanisms. Many distribution mechanisms have been developed using techniques from auction theory, game theory and various forms of voting construct. Here we discuss several methods of Knowledge distribution collectively called the auction distributions mechanisms and their performance is compared using dynamic complex real-valued functional landscapes. We perform this comparison with regards to robustness, how well the system finds solutions, and resilience, how well the system reacts to changes in the dynamics of the system. In this paper an additional Subcultured Distribution Mechanism is described that works to factor the knowledge distribution mechanism into subnetworks in order to support a “deep social learning” approach. The Subcultured Distribution Mechanism is compared with the results of each individual distribution mechanism without a subculture enhancement, when applied to a series of dynamic complex optimization problems of varying complexities. The results suggest that relatively simple mechanism such as Weighted Majority Wins and First Price Auction are sufficient for environments that exhibit low entropic levels of change such as in linear changing environments. For nonlinearly changing environments, First Price Multi-round and English Auctions are most of effective on their own. The Subcultured Distribution Mechanism extension of these mechanisms was found to be best suited for complexities where the two distribution mechanisms had similar performances, and in the most chaotic environments where having multiple distribution mechanisms to choose from was advantageous.
Quantitative Reasoning: Thinking in Numbers

Is college worth the cost? Should I worry about arsenic in my rice? Can we recycle pollution? Real questions of personal finance, public health, and social policy require sober, data-driven analyses. This unique text provides students with the tools of quantitative reasoning to answer such questions. The text models how to clarify the question, recognize and avoid bias, isolate relevant factors, gather data, and construct numerical analyses for interpretation. Themes and techniques are repeated across chapters, with a progression in mathematical sophistication over the course of the book, which helps the student get comfortable with the process of thinking in numbers. This textbook includes references to source materials and suggested further reading, making it user-friendly for motivated undergraduate students. The many detailed problems and worked solutions in the text and extensive appendices help the reader learn mathematical areas such as algebra, functions, graphs, and probability. End-of-chapter problem material provides practice for students, and suggested projects are provided with each chapter. A solutions manual is available online for instructors.
Review of student difficulties in upper-level quantum mechanics

A broad review of research characterizing the conceptual understanding, reasoning abilities, problem-solving skills, metacognitive skills, of quantum mechanics students.
Private Participation in Infrastructure Projects in the Republic of Korea

In the aftermath of the 1997 East-Asian financial crisis, the government of the Republic of Korea published a Private Participation in Infrastructure (PPI) Act in order to remove the main impediments to private investment in infrastructure sectors. The implementation of the Act was followed by a steady increase in the number of PPI projects, thus spurring the modernization of the main infrastructure facilities in transport, water, electricity and telecommunications. Despite this progress, the Korean PPI market still faces critical challenges that are probably related to its nascent stage of development. The market is dominated by five construction and engineering firms, but lacks world-class project developers. At the same time, the procurement of PPI projects takes on average four years, and competition in tenders is limited. The number of unsolicited proposals is abnormally high, whereas the number of solicited proposals remains flat. The participation of foreign firms is very limited despite the size of the market and the number of projects awarded. Although local financing is available, the maturity of financing instruments does not exceed five years for most corporate papers, and ten years for government bonds. This paper reviews the procurement of PPI projects in Korea and benchmarks it to international best practices before proposing options for its improvement.
Paretian Intergenerational Discounting

This paper argues that discounting costs and benefits of projects for the opportunity costs of capital Pareto dominates decision criteria that do not discount. It considers and rejects several objections to the Pareto dominance argument, including the problem of making compensating transfers for the costs and benefits of projects and whether taking opportunity costs into account is different than discounting. It also argues that discounting future costs and benefits of projects does not undervalue future generations.
Histone modifications in cardiovascular disease initiation and progression

Abstract Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the biggest cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide, with 80% of the deaths from CVD due to myocardial infarction. Extensive cellular, tissue, and organ remodeling occurs through CVD initiation and progression, which is mediated by stable alterations in gene expression. Covalent modifications on histone proteins regulate chromatin structure and change the accessibility of gene promoter and enhancer regions to transcriptional factors. In this manner, histone modifications and modifiers act to dynamically tune transcription. Histone methylation is generally repressive, whereas acetylation promotes gene expression but the effect of each histone modification is highly context-specific. Dynamic changes in histone modification profiles have been described in cardi0myocyte hypertrophy, heart failure, and vascular disease, with experimental studies revealing these changes as necessary for the initiation or development of CVD. Moreover, preventing these disease-associated changes to histone marks, by modulating histone modifiers, can attenuate or aggravate the CVD phenotype.
COVID‐19 in kidney transplant recipients

There is minimal information on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in immunocompromised individuals. We have studied 10 patients treated at 12 adult care hospitals. Ten kidney transplant recipients tested positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) by polymerase chain reaction, and 9 were admitted. The median age was 57 (interquartile range [IQR] 47-67), 60% were male, 40% Caucasian, and 30% Black/African American. Median time from transplant to COVID-19 testing was 2822 days (IQR 1272-4592). The most common symptom was fever, followed by cough, myalgia, chills, and fatigue. The most common chest X-ray and computed tomography abnormality was multifocal patchy opacities. Three patients had no abnormal findings. Leukopenia was seen in 20% of patients, and allograft function was stable in 50% of patients. Nine patients were on tacrolimus and a mycophenolic antimetabolite, and 70% were on prednisone. Hospitalized patients had their antimetabolite agent stopped. All hospitalized patients received hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin. Three patients died (30%), and 5 (50%) developed acute kidney injury. Kidney transplant recipients infected with COVID-19 should be monitored closely in the setting of lowered immunosuppression. Most individuals required hospitalization and presenting symptoms were similar to those of nontransplant individuals.
Review of Pear-Shaped Nuclei by Suresh Pancholi

Asymmetric nuclear shapes have been particularly interesting since the discovery of low lying 1− states in between the 2+ and 4+ members of the rotational bands in actinide nuclei. Christy suggeste...
Does restricted stock turn CEOs into risk-averse managers? Insights from the regulatory focus theory

Abstract Restricted stock awards carry upside and downside risks for CEOs. We follow a socio-cognitive perspective by suggesting that awards of restricted stock are viewed as potential gains or potential losses depending on each CEO's dominant regulatory focus. Regulatory focus, therefore, helps determine how a CEO responds to restricted stock awards. We also propose that the moderating effect of regulatory focus strengthens as firm complexity increases and as CEO tenure lengthens, because complexity and tenure both increase CEOs' reliance on heuristic information processing. Specifically, complexity restricts a CEO's cognitive capacity for thoughtful deliberation during decision making, and tenure affects a CEO's motivation to search for and process information thoroughly. We find general support for the hypotheses and discuss the implications of our findings for future research and practice.
Pre-service teachers' understanding of culture in multicultural education: A qualitative content analysis

Abstract As culture is the core concept in multicultural education, this paper focuses on teachers' understanding of culture, which is a factor in implementing multicultural education successfully. The present study investigates 231 generalist and bilingual pre-service teachers’ definitions of culture and whether or not there is a difference in the number of descriptors used by the groups. To analyze the data collected through a survey, I conducted a qualitative content analysis and then ran a 2 × 2 factorial ANOVA. Although there is no statistical difference between the groups, bilingual pre-service teachers showed a deeper understanding of culture.
Non-esterified fatty acid (FFA) metabolism following severe hemorrhage in the conscious dog.

It is becoming increasingly evident that hypovolemic alterations involve at least two major areas of normal tissue physiology: the delivery of oxygen and oxidizable metabolites and the utilization of metabolites to release the energy needed for normal functioning of the tissues.
Formal rationality, substantive justice, and discrimination - A study of a juvenile court

This study examines the extent to which a juvenile court uses legal, substantive, and discriminatory criteria in assessing dispositions. The indicators of legal criteria are the seriousness of offense and the extent of prior arrest record, of substantive criteria, the presence of family and school problems, and of discriminatory criteria, race and social class. An examination of the dispositions accorded to a sample of 464 fourteen and fifteen year old arrestees in one juvenile court shows that, while discrimination in sentencing is minimal, the court is more likely to use substantive than formal criteria of decisionmaking. These findings suggest that studies of the juvenile court should be reoriented away from their traditional focus on “legal” and “extralegal” determinants of decision making toward a focus on substantive criteria.
On-Line Optimization of Chemical Processes

The combined on-line identification and optimization approach developed by Bamberger and Isermann is applied to two chemical processes systems. The first example is the unconstrained optimization of the stirred reactors in series proposed by Garcia and Morari. The second is a binary distillation column operating under constraints on some of the output variables. The method of Bamberger and Isermann is extended to the constrained case through the reformulation of the optimization problem as a linear programming problem.
The failure of higher education to reduce the binge drinking rate

A lcohol and other drug (AOD) coordinators on college and university campuses are inherently set up for failure. According to the Harvard School of Public Health's College Alcohol Study,' binge drinking rates at colleges and universities have changed very little over the last decade in spite of the attendon given to the issue. Why has higher education failed at what many professionals believe to be the number one social issue on college campuses? To facilitate change, we must consider a number of existing situations and make a necessary philosophical shift in our approaches. If a college or university is lucky enough to have a fulltime AOD coordinator, this person may not have had the training necessary to do the job successfully. Quite frequently, universities have appointed a mental health counselor who must conduct AOD prevention in his or her spare time, although AOD prevention demands time commitments well beyond those of an already-burdened professional. Recruitment is another concern. Often, an AOD posifion description calls for a candidate with a master's degree in health education, public health, counseling psychology, or a related field. The differences among these fields are profound. Counselors are desperately needed at colleges and universities, but they have been trained to work with people at a micro level, not a macro level. Successful AOD prevention requires coalition building and policy development, something for which most counselors are not trained. Health educators are skilled at teaching and implementing interventions, but their focus is traditionally on educating the individual student. Individuals who specialize in public health are trained to
Quantification of Microstructure-Properties-Behavior Relations in Magnesium Alloys Using a Hybrid Approach

This study presents a hybrid experimental mechanics approach combining multi-scale mechanical testing, in situ nondestructive evaluation and targeted microscopic quantification to identify and quantify critical micro structural parameters that affect properties and overall plasticity of Mg alloys. Room temperature monotonic and cyclic experiments monitored by Digital Image Correlation (DIC) coupled with Acoustic Emission (AE) of Mg Alloys of the AZ series were used for this investigation. Data obtained using the optico-acoustic nondestructive system revealed for the first time the direct connection between surface strain localization effects similar to Luder’s bands and pronounced twin activity. Electron Back Scatter Diffraction (EBSD) measurements showed the profuse and spatially inhomogeneous nature of twinning at early stages of plasticity which is related with the onset of yielding and the macroscopic plateau region in the stress-strain curve. Furthermore, twinning/detwinning activity was identified in several grains of tested specimens and during characteristic points of fatigue cycles.
Peak vs. Sustained Performance in Highly Concurrent Vector Machines

Recent announcements of the NEC SX-2 vector processor, the Cray Research CRAY-2 vector multiprocessor, and the ETA-10 vector multiprocessor have undoubtedly attracted much attention considering their respective peak computational rates of 1300, 1950, and 9600 Mflops (Millions of FLoating point Operations Per Second). These announcements have followed several other scientific computer announcements, each of which has emphasized the peak computational rate of the machine, neglecting the more important sustained performance estimates. Sustained computational performance for a vector machine is considerably more difficult to determine since it will vary with the level of vectorization one can achieve.
Grounded Theory Research: Procedures, Canons and Evaluative Criteria

Using grounded theory as an example, this paper examines three methodological questions that are generally applicable to all qualitative methods. How should the usual scientific canons be reinterpreted for qualitative research? How should researchers report the procedures and canons used in their research? What evaluative criteria should be used in judging the research products? We propose that the criteria should be adapted to fit the procedures of the method. We demonstrate how this can be done for grounded theory and suggest criteria for evaluating studies following this approach. We argue that other qualitative researchers might be similarly specific about their procedures and evaluative criteria.
Analyzing teams of cooperating mobile robots

Donald (1993) described a manipulation task for cooperating mobile robots that can push large, heavy objects. There, the author asked whether explicit local and global communication between the agents can be removed from a family of pushing protocols. In this paper, the authors answer in the affirmative. They do so by using the general methods of Donald for analyzing information invariants. The authors discuss several measures for the information complexity of the task of pushing with cooperating mobile robots, and they present a methodology for creating new manipulation strategies out of existing ones. The authors develop and analyze synchronous and asynchronous manipulation protocols for a small team of cooperating mobile robots than can push large boxes. The protocols described have been implemented in several forms on the Cornell mobile robots in the authors' laboratory. >
The layout of iso-orientation domains in area 18 of cat visual cortex: optical imaging reveals a pinwheel-like organization

In this study we used optical imaging based on activity-dependent intrinsic signals to determine the distribution of cells responding to gratings of various orientations moving in different directions in area 18 of cat visual cortex. To test directional-selective clustering of neurons, we compared cortical activity maps obtained by stimulation with two gratings of identical orientation but moving in opposite directions. We found those maps to be almost identical, suggesting that neurons are not notably clustered into directionality columns. We also compared activity maps obtained with gratings of different orientations. Each of the orientation maps was similar to the 2-deoxyglucose maps previously reported. Having compiled the information obtained from the different orientations into one "orientation preference map," we found, in contrast to earlier reports, that iso-orientation domains are not elongated parallel bands but are small patches organized in "pinwheels" around points that we refer to as "orientation centers." We furthermore show that the only locations at which orientation preference changes rapidly are these orientation centers and not lines or loops. In addition, this report clarifies that our observations on the functional architecture of cat area 18, although at first sight at variance with earlier observations, are actually fully consistent with them. We therefore propose that in cat visual cortex pinwheel-like patterns of orientation preference form an irregular mosaic of modular units with an average density of 1.2 pinwheels per square millimeter.
Prediction of Sand Deposition in a Two-Pass Internal Cooling Duct

Sand transport and deposition is investigated in a two pass internal cooling ribbed geometry at near engine conditions. LES calculations are performed for bulk Reynolds number of 25,000 to calculate flow field and heat transfer. Constant wall temperature boundary condition is used to investigate the effect of temperature on particle deposition. Three different wall temperatures of 950 °C, 1000 °C and 1050 °C are considered. Particle sizes in range 0.5–25 microns are considered. A new deposition model which accounts for particle composition, temperature, impact velocity and angle and material properties of particle and surface is developed and applied. Calculated impingement and deposition patterns are discussed for different exposed surfaces in the two pass geometry. The highest particle impingement and deposition is observed in the bend region and first quarter of the second pass. Significant deposition is observed in the two pass geometry for all three wall temperatures considered. Particle impingement and hence deposition is dominated by larger particles except in the downstream half of the bend region. In total, approximately 38%, 59% and 67% of the injected particles deposit in the two passes, for the three wall temperatures of 950 °C, 1000 °C and 1050 °C, respectively. While particle impingement is highest for wall temperature of 950 °C, higher deposition is observed for 1000 °C and 1050 °C cases. Deposition increases significantly with wall temperature. For 1000 °C, roughly 12% of the impacting particles deposit. For 1050 °C, approximately 23% of the particles deposit on impact. For all the three cases, the second pass experiences higher deposition compared to the first pass due to higher turbulence and direct impingement.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Bandwidth Selection for Weighted Kernel Density Estimation

Weighted kernel-density estimates (wKDE) are broadly used in many statistical areas, for instant, density estimation under right-censoring. However, bandwidth selection could be a problem by reweighting the ker- nels. In this paper, we investigate the methods of bandwidth selection for wKDE. Three mean integrated squared error based bandwidth selection methods are introduced. The least-squares cross-validation method, the adaptive weight kernel density estimator and boundary problems are also studied. Monte Carlo simulations were conducted to demonstrate the per- formance of the proposed bandwidth selection methods. Finally, the perfor- mance of wKDE is illustrated via an application to biased sampling problem and a real data application.
The outsider within : ten essays on modern Japanese women writers

Chapter 1 Preface Chapter 2 Acknowledgements Chapter 3 Note on Japanese Names Chapter 4 Introduction Chapter 5 Modern Writing-The Renaissance: Desire for Autonomy and Connection: Tamura Toshiko's Female Characters Flower Power: Nature, Art, and Woman in Okamoto Kanoko's "A Floral Pageant" Chapter 6 Post-World War II Writers-The Pioneers: Reclaiming the Critical Voice in Enchi Fumiko's The Waiting Years Setouchi Jakucho: Female Subjectivity in the Exploration of "Self," Sexuality, and Spirituality Chapter 7 Exploring New Women's Lives-Confronting the M/Other: A Defiant Muse: Reading and Situating Kurahashi Yumiko's Narrative Subjectivity The Ordinary and the Marginal: The Significance of Mother in Tomioka Taeko's Works Fantasies of Maternal Ambivalen Chapter 8 Young Writers-Women's New Places: Sharing Sex, Sharing Meals: A Discussion of Hayashi Mariko's Works Destabilization of Gender in New Age Japanese Women's Literature: Yoshimoto Banana and Arai Motoko Chapter 9 Bibliography Chapter 10 About the Contributors Chapter 11 Index
Numerical scheme for the inversion of acoustical impedance profile based on the Gelfand-Levitan method

Summary. An exact method for the solution of the inverse problem in plane wave propagation modelled after the Gelfand-Levitan technique is reviewed and refined. A numerical scheme for the solution of the integral equation that arises in the method is proposed. A discussion on the stability and an error analysis of the numerical approximation are presented. The applicability of the inversion algorithm is demonstrated in a numerical experiment.
GABAB/NMDA receptor interaction in the regulation of extracellular dopamine levels in rodent prefrontal cortex and striatum

Deficits in N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR)-mediated neurotransmission may underlie dopaminergic hyperactivity in schizophrenia. Dysregulation of the GABAergic system has also been implicated. In this study we investigated a role for GABA(B) receptors as an intermediate step in the pathway leading from NMDAR stimulation to DA regulation. Since glycine (GLY) has been found to ameliorate treatment resistant negative symptoms in schizophrenia, we treated a group of rats with 16% GLY food for 2 weeks. DA levels in prefrontal cortex (PFC) and striatum (STR) were assessed by dual-probe microdialysis and HPLC-EC in freely moving rats. Infusion of the GABA(B) receptor agonists SKF97541 and baclofen into PFC and STR significantly reduced basal DA, an effect that was reversed by the antagonist, CGP52432. In PFC, GABA(B) agonists also reduced AMPH-induced DA release following treatment with either 1 or 5 mg/kg AMPH. Similar effects were seen following subchronic glycine treatment in the absence, but not presence of CGP52432 during 5 mg/kg AMPH treatment. In STR SKF97541 decreased only the 1 mg/kg AMPH-induced DA release. Subchronic GLY treatment in STR leads to a significant reduction in basal DA levels, but did not affect AMPH (5 mg/kg)-induced release. Our findings support a model in which NMDA/glycine-site agonists modulate DA release in part through presynaptic GABA(B) receptors on DA terminals, with both GABA(B) ligands and GLY significantly modulating AMPH-induced DA release. Both sites, therefore, may represent appropriate targets for drug development in schizophrenia and substance abuse disorders.
Phase and Angle Variables in Quantum Mechanics

The quantum-mechanical description of phase and angle variables is reviewed, with emphasis on the proper mathematical description of these coordinates. The relations among the operators and state vectors under consideration are clarified in the context of the Heisenberg uncertainty relations. The familiar case of the azimuthal angle variable $\ensuremath{\phi}$ and its "conjugate" angular momentum ${L}_{z}$ is discussed. Various pitfalls associated with the periodicity problem are avoided by employing periodic variables ($sin\ensuremath{\phi}$ and $cos\ensuremath{\phi}$ to describe the phase variable. Well-defined uncertainty relations are derived and discussed. A detailed analysis of the three-dimensional harmonic oscillator excited in coherent states is given. A detailed analysis of the simple harmonic oscillator is given. The usual assumption that a (Hermitian) phase operator $\ensuremath{\varphi}$ (conjugate to the number operator $N$) exists is shown to be erroneous. However, cosine and sine operators $C$ and $S$ exist and are the appr\'opriate phase variables. A Poisson bracket argument using action-angle (rather $J$, $cos\ensuremath{\varphi}$, $sin\ensuremath{\varphi}$) variables is used to deduce $C$ and $S$. The spectra and eigenfunctions of these operators are investigated, along with the important "phase-difference" periodic variables. The properties of the oscillator variables in the various types of states are analyzed with special attention to the uncertainty relations and the transition to the classical limit. The utility of coherent states as a basis for the description of the evolution of the density matrix is emphasized. In this basis it is easy to identify the classical Liouville equation in action-angle variables along with quantum-mechanical "corrections." Mention is made of possible physical applications to superfluid systems.
Studies on supernumerary chromosomes in the genus Dactylis

1. In Dactylis glomerata subsp. lusitanica some populations were found to have supernumeraries. These supernumeraries were somatically stable, heterochromatic and had sub-median centromeres. At metaphase I they were about half the size of the smallest euchromatic chromosomes. 2. At diakinesis and metaphase I, the supernumeraries formed bivalents and multivalents in moderately high frequency. Some multivalent configurations had triple-chiasmata. There were no differences in the chiasma frequencies in supernumeraries between various genotypes with two supernumeraries except in the case of comparisons involving the asynaptic plant. The two genotypes with 4 supernumeraries also did not differ in this respect. 3. In plant Dgl 585-3 (2n+3s) the chiasma frequency in supernumeraries differed highly significantly in two years, while with respect to the normal set the differences were insignificant. 4. Anaphase I separation was studied in plants with one and two supernumeraries. In plants with one supernumerary both non-disjunction and the division of the univalent supernumerary were found. In plants with two supernumeraries the two supernumeraries on the whole disjoined regularly to the two poles. In the asynaptic plant (2n+2s), where the two supernumeraries were present as univalents in most of the cells, in only one cell out of 72 had one of the supernumeraries divided. The data on lagging supernumeraries at both the meiotic divisions, indicate a correlation between the extent of pairing of supernumeraries and a reduction in frequency of laggards. Thus in this respect they resemble the normal set. 5. Data were also collected with respect to the position of the univalent supernumerary on the spindle at metaphase I and the effect of supernumeraries on morphological characters and pollen fertility. 6. Asynapsis seems to affect the supernumeraries much more than the normal chromosomes. A higher frequency of non-chiasmate associations between supernumeraries and the normal set was found to be associated with asynapsis. In spite of a very low pairing in supernumeraries under the influence of asynapsis, they disjoined regularly to the poles. 7. Evidence was found for the non-disjunction of supernumeraries at pollen mitosis in Dactylis. The variance for the case when supernumeraries were transmitted from the male side was significantly higher.
Left portal vein pseudothrombus: A pitfall on contrast medium-enhanced computed tomography

Portal vein (PV) thrombosis may be detected on contrast medium-enhanced computed tomographic (CECT) scans of patients with acute abdominal pathology. We describe a pitfall of dynamic CECT related to the normal arched configuration of the left PV umbilical segment. On axial images, just caudal to the left PV arch, there is an apparent discontinuity in the left PV lumen filled with low-attenuation fat in the intersegmental fisure. If opacified hepatic artery branches traverse the fissure at this level, an appearance mimicking segmental PV thrombosis with mural enhancement can result. A retrospective review of 180 CECT scans in patients without PV thrombosis revealed this phenomenon in seven cases (4%). Awareness of this pitfall obviates the need for superfluous investigations that might otherwise be necessary to confirm PV patency.
Metal sulfide coatings for hollow glass waveguides

Metal sulfide dielectric thin films have been deposited using dynamic wet chemistry processing on silver coated hollow glass waveguides (HGWs). Metal sulfides like cadmium sulfide (CdS) and lead sulfide (PbS) possess excellent optical properties in the IR and have high refractive index contrast. A linear growth regime with deposition time has been observed for CdS and PbS thin films on Ag inside silica hollow glass waveguides. The thickness of these thin films can be tailored to minimize the attenuation of the HGW at the operating wavelength. We have made single dielectric metal coated HGWs using CdS and PbS. This paper discusses the processing and characterization of the thin films and the resulting dielectric metal coated hollow glass waveguides.
Health Care Resource Utilization and Medical Costs of Spinal Cord Injury With Neuropathic Pain in a Commercially Insured Population in the United States

Abstract Objective To evaluate health care resource use, costs, and cost drivers among patients with neuropathic pain (NeP) after spinal cord injury (SCI) in a commercially insured population. Design Retrospective longitudinal cohort study comparing SCI patients with and without NeP. Setting Truven Health MarketScan commercial claims database from 2005 through 2012. Participants Commercially insured SCI patients with NeP (n=3524) propensity score matched to SCI patients without NeP (n=3524). Interventions Not applicable. Main Outcomes Measures Health care resource utilization and expenditures for the 12 months after NeP onset (index event; identified through International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification diagnosis 338.0x or use of NeP-specific antiepileptic drugs or NeP-specific antidepressants) in patients with SCI compared with matched patients without NeP. Results Utilization over 12 months postindex among patients with SCI-associated NeP was higher than among SCI-only patients for inpatient admissions (27.4% vs 22.1%), emergency department visits (36.7% vs 26.4%), and office visits per patient (mean ± SD: 13.0±9.5 vs 9.5±8.3); all P values were Conclusions Patients with evidence of NeP secondary to SCI have significantly higher health care utilization and total costs compared with SCI patients without evidence of NeP. Factors contributing to NeP in patients with SCI need to be clinically assessed to determine the optimal approach for treating these individuals.
Cratering of the terrestrial planets by Apollo objects

An asteroidal collision model and Monte Carlo program used for studies of the terrestrial meteorite flux, the steady-state number of Apollo-Amor objects, and the orbital distribution of both meteorites and Apollo-Amor objects is used to calculate absolute and relative cratering rates on the terrestrial planets. It is found that the 'best' estimates of the predicted asteroidal cratering rate are three times lower than estimates of the observed terrestrial cratering rate. If this is due to errors in the asteroidal production rate of Apollo-Amor objects, the predicted present-day cratering rate per unit area on Mars is four times that on earth, whereas that on Mercury is twice that on earth.
Synthesis of the 60-S ribosomal subunit in yeast

Abstract We have previously shown that the process of ribosomal RNA synthesis in yeast is similar in many respects to that observed in other nucleated cells. This investigation concerns the formation of the large (60 S) subunit of the yeast ribosome. We demonstrate that a precursor to this subunit exists. The characteristics of this particle are: (1) it sediments at about 55 S in high-ionic-strength sucrose gradients; it sediments coincidentally with the 60-S subunit in low-ionic strength sucrose gradients; (3) the kinetics of its formation are those of a precursor particle; (4) it contains mature (25 S) ribosomal RNA; (5) the addition of protein to the mature ribosomal RNA takes longer than the processing of the ribosomal RNA precursor to 25-S RNA; and (6) the protein associated with the precursor particle is apparently obtained from a pool of ribosomal protein in the cell. We also show that this pool does not contain all the ribosomal proteins necessary for completion of the 60-S subunit.