cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
ENSO and ENSO-Related Predictability. Part II: Northern Hemisphere 700-mb Height Predictions Based on a Hybrid Coupled ENSO Model

Abstract Long-range sea surface temperature forecasts from two different coupled ocean-atmosphere models of the tropical Pacific are used in conjunction with statistical models relating winter Northern Hemisphere 700-mb height and tropical SST to forecast the former field at a lead time of two seasons in advance. The forecasts show considerable skill over large areas, with a regional distribution of predictive performance that is consistent with the observed contemporaneous relation between the two fields. Comparable skills for lead time of a year or more in advance seem likely.
Introduction to “Braverman and the Structure of the U.S. Working Class: Beyond the Degradation of Labor”

The 1974 publication of Harry Braverman’s Labor and Monopoly Capital: The Degradation of Work in the Twentieth Century (Monthly Review Press) marked a seminal moment in U.S. intellectual history. The appearance of this landmark sociological volume renewed interest among historians and sociologists in industrial sociology, a field contained within the sociology of work. The book was instrumental in inaugurating the “labor process debate” which led to extensive research and writing occurring in Labor Process Theory (LPT). Specifically, LPT examines how employees work, the skills utilized in the work process, the control of work, how employees are remunerated for their work and employee resistance to managerial control. In a nutshell, Braverman argued in Labor and Monopoly Capital that the implementation of scientific management (or Taylorism, named after Frederick Winslow Taylor) resulted in the deskilling and routinization of tasks performed by blue-collar workers in factories as well as those completed by lower-level white-collar workers employed in offices. Deskilling and task routinization occurred, according to Braverman, in order to decrease production costs and to boost employee productivity. Upon the deskilling of labor, employees are easier to control, and replace, because workers do not have to utilize intellectual skills but only have to follow managers’ instructions in carrying out their work tasks. Moreover, deskilled employees can be paid less. Finally, from the employees’ perspective, the deskilling process leads to the performance of work which is viewed as being less intellectually and emotionally rewarding. On the fortieth anniversary of the publication of Braverman’s groundbreaking volume, the “Perspectives” section in this, and the following (December 2014), issue will be devoted to articles that celebrate the seminal contributions made by Labor and Monopoly Capital while applying Bravermanian concepts and ideas to an analysis of work in the second decade of the twenty-first century. In the excellent, insightful and extremely well-written article published in this issue, Dr. R. Jamil Jonna, Associate Editor for Technology for Monthly Review (New York) and Dr. John Bellamy Foster, Professor of Sociology at the University of Oregon, contend that Braverman’s analysis concerning the deskilling and routinization of work was only one portion of a major argument he was composing concerning U.S. working class structure. The two authors of this essay expand on Braverman’s “pioneering empirical research into occupational composition” from the early 1970s by providing a new empirical analysis of Employ Respons Rights J (2014) 26:217–218 DOI 10.1007/s10672-014-9244-3
Neutron activation analysis of air-filters collected in Spokane, WA

More than 2200 atmospheric particulate matter filters were collected from 1995 through 2002 in the Spokane, WA area for the Spokane Air-Filters Project. The samples were sent to the US EPA in Research Triangle Park, NC for energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis and then delivered to the Washington State University Nuclear Radiation Center for neutron activation analysis (NAA). There were 28 elements of interest for the NAA portion of the project; however, due to detector efficiencies, background effects, and composition loading on each filter, only 15 of the 28 elements analyzed for produced valid results above the detection limit due to Compton background noise and blank subtraction. The 15 detectable elements with their six year average with associated 95% confidence interval concentrations in ng/m3 are: As (0.384±0.88), K (50.0±194), La (0.051±0.251), Na (61.9±421), Sm (0.00928±0.072), Au (0.00154±0.149), Br (1.06±1.5), Ce (0.164±0.969), Co (0.0399±0.122), Cr (0.479±3.31), Fe (110±227), Sb (0.474±1.64), Sc (0.0197±0.00548), Th (0.011±0.0603), and Zn (12.4±32.6).
Realization of an Ultrafast Silicon Kerr Switch

We demonstrate that cross-phase modulation induced nonlinear polarization-rotation can be used to realize sub-picosecond Kerr switching in a silicon waveguide using only a few watts of pump peak power. Our experimental results agree with theory.
A High Level approach to mean value modeling of an automotive engine during cold-start

Wide-spread use of the model-based design process in automotive powertrain system development is increasing the need for accurate dynamic models. Model-based design inherently requires these models to be rapidly producible and easily verifiable. The High Level Modeling (HLM) approach and corresponding High Level Modeling Tool (HLMT) have been developed in response to these necessities. In this work, the HLM methodology is applied to a cold-start engine system. An existing physical/empirical model is reformulated in a conserved quantities framework to satisfy the requirements of HLM. The modified model is then implemented and simulated in HLMT. Simulation results are validated against real engine data. Comparison of results demonstrates the new model successfully predicts cold-start engine dynamics despite the replacement of many empirically derived equations.
Crystal structure of the bifunctional proline utilization A flavoenzyme from Bradyrhizobium japonicum

The bifunctional proline catabolic flavoenzyme, proline utilization A (PutA), catalyzes the oxidation of proline to glutamate via the sequential activities of FAD-dependent proline dehydrogenase (PRODH) and NAD(+)-dependent Delta(1)-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase (P5CDH) domains. Although structures for some of the domains of PutA are known, a structure for the full-length protein has not previously been solved. Here we report the 2.1 A resolution crystal structure of PutA from Bradyrhizobium japonicum, along with data from small-angle x-ray scattering, analytical ultracentrifugation, and steady-state and rapid-reaction kinetics. PutA forms a ring-shaped tetramer in solution having a diameter of 150 A. Within each protomer, the PRODH and P5CDH active sites face each other at a distance of 41 A and are connected by a large, irregularly shaped cavity. Kinetics measurements show that glutamate production occurs without a lag phase, suggesting that the intermediate, Delta(1)-pyrroline-5-carboxylate, is preferably transferred to the P5CDH domain rather than released into the bulk medium. The structural and kinetic data imply that the cavity serves both as a microscopic vessel for the hydrolysis of Delta(1)-pyrroline-5-carboxylate to glutamate semialdehyde and a protected conduit for the transport of glutamate semialdehyde to the P5CDH active site.
Ultraviolet and visible spectroscopy and spaceborne remote sensing of the Earth's atmosphere

Abstract Current capabilities for ultraviolet and visible spectroscopic measurements of the Earth's stratosphere and troposphere are reviewed. Atmospheric spectral properties are described. The major measurement geometries and types are presented. Instrumental, spectroscopic, and radiative transfer modeling challenges are discussed. Current and planned satellite instruments for this field, with their measurement properties, spectral coverage, and target molecules are presented. Measurement examples include stratospheric and tropospheric NO 2 , tropospheric BrO in the polar spring, global tropospheric HCHO, and tropospheric ozone measurements from the nadir geometry. The field is shown to be sufficiently mature that global measurements of atmospheric pollution from space may be undertaken. To cite this article: K. Chance, C. R. Physique 6 (2005).
The Maximum Intensity of Tropical Cyclones in Axisymmetric Numerical Model Simulations

Abstract An axisymmetric numerical model is used to evaluate the maximum possible intensity of tropical cyclones. As compared with traditionally formulated nonhydrostatic models, this new model has improved mass and energy conservation in saturated conditions. In comparison with the axisymmetric model developed by Rotunno and Emanuel, the new model produces weaker cyclones (by ∼10%, in terms of maximum azimuthal velocity); the difference is attributable to several approximations in the Rotunno–Emanuel model. Then, using a single specification for initial conditions (with a sea surface temperature of 26°C), the authors conduct model sensitivity tests to determine the sensitivity of maximum azimuthal velocity (υmax) to uncertain aspects of the modeling system. For fixed mixing lengths in the turbulence parameterization, a converged value of υmax is achieved for radial grid spacing of order 1 km and vertical grid spacing of order 250 m. The fall velocity of condensate (Vt) changes υmax by up to 60%, and the ...
Electrical and chemosensitive properties of normal and dystrophic chicken muscles.

Abstract A comparative study of the resting membrane potential, directly elicited action potential, and acetylcholine (ACh) sensitivity was made on the innervated and chronically denervated posterior latissimus dorsi muscles of normal (line 200) and dystrophic (line 304) chickens. No significant differences were found between the resting membrane potentials and directly elicited action potentials of surface fibers of the innervated normal and dystrophic muscles. Similarly, the ACh sensitivity at the endplate regions of both muscles reached values of 2600–2800 mv/nC. The ACh sensitivity of the normal, innervated muscle was restricted to the area 600 μm from the endplate and, in a few fibers, to a limited area at the myotendinous junction; the innervated dystrophic muscle, however, contained a small number of fibers which had cholinergic receptors scattered over the entire membrane surface. Values of about 300 mv/nC for extrajunctional ACh sensitivity were recorded 3–14 days after denervation of normal and dystrophic muscles; the resting membrane potentials decreased to about −60 mv during this period. At 21 days after denervation, individual values for extrajunctional ACh sensitivity as high as 2200–2800 mv/nC were observed when the resting membrane potential was −60 mv. In contrast to denervated skeletal muscle of rats, neither the shape nor the rate of rise of the directly elicited action potentials of the avian muscle were markedly affected during denervation, and the potentials remained sensitive to tetrodotoxin. We suggest that there is no relationship between the development of extrajunctional ACh sensitivity and the appearance of tetrodotoxin-resistant action potentials in denervated skeletal muscle.
The treatment rationale in cognitive behavioral therapy: Psychological mechanisms and clinical guidelines

Clinical experience and an accumulating body of research suggest that clients who enthusiastically buy into a cognitive-behavioral treatment (CBT) rationale show more favorable outcomes. But how should a therapist present and discuss a CBT rationale effectively? How does one respond to client concerns and doubts? What are the psychological processes operating when discussing why a client is suffering and what to do about it? We suggest that the treatment rationale is a considerably more subtle and complex process than has previously been assumed. It involves generating expectations, negotiating control and assigning blame, and its function may vary depending on the stage of treatment. We illustrate these points by considering common reactions to a CBT rationale and alternative therapist responses. We conclude that much closer attention should be paid to the treatment rationale in the context of research and clinical practice.
Chromosome studies in leukemia:Recurrence of similar aneuploid stem lines during successive relapses

who had hypoproteinemia due to an enteropathy. This patient did not grow and had a negative growth hormone response to insulin, presumably because he did not have the protein building blocks. After treatment with steroids and after his protein level returned to normal, his growth hormone response to insulin was normal only if he was not receiving suppressive therapy with steroids. This case lends evidence that steroids have a more direct effect on growth hormone inhibition than the i r indirect effect on catabolism. DR. SOYKA. Again I must refer to the work of our colleagues at the Massachusetts General Hospital, Drs. Frantz and Rabkin. They have demonstrated (Abstract 41, Forty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the Endocrine Society, June 20, 1964) that corticosteroids suppress the normal rise in serum level of growth hormone secondary to insulininduced hypoglycemia. Thus decreased release as well as peripheral antagonism of growth hormone may explain the growth-inhibiting effect of corticosteroids.
Threat and efficacy uncertainty in news coverage about bed bugs as unique predictors of information seeking and avoidance: an extension of the EPPM

An experiment was conducted from the perspective of the Extended Parallel Process Model (EPPM) investigating readers' responses to print news stories about the issue of bed bugs. Stories containing...
THE CATABOLISM OF NUCLEIC ACIDS. V. AUTORADIOGRAPHIC STUDIES ON THE REPLACEMENT OF DNA IN NORMAL AND X-IRRADIATED RATS

SummaryRats were injected with 3H-thymidine and three days later exposed to 500 r and 1000 r whole-body x-irradiation. The animals were sacrificed at various times after exposure and autoradiographs were prepared from spleen, thymus, testis, intestine, adrenals, liver, kidney and muscle. Autoradiographs were also prepared from a group of non-irradiated rats at different intervals after injection of 3H-thymidine. Extensive cell-destruction with subsequent phagocytosis of labelled nuclear debris by macrophages was observed in spleen and thymus. Cell and DNA-replacement was inhibited in the intestine, and the maturation of spermatogonia to primary spermatocytes seemed to be delayed in the testes of x-irradiated rats. Other organs of x-irradiated rats showed no significant alterations in their labelling pattern.
Targeted Deletion of the Chicken β-Globin Regulatory Elements Reveals a Cooperative Gene Silencing Activity

The chicken beta-globin locus represents a well characterized system to study the role of both proximal and distal regulatory elements in a eukaryotic multigene domain. The function of the chicken beta(A)/epsilon-intergenic enhancer and upstream regulatory elements 5'-HS1 and 5'-HS2 were studied using a gene targeting approach in chicken DT40 cells followed by microcell-mediated chromosome transfer into human erythroleukemia cells (K562). These regulatory elements all repressed expression of the rho- and beta(H)-chicken globin genes in the chromosome transfer assay. No rho- or beta(H)-globin gene expression was detected in K562 cells containing the chicken chromosome without deletions, whereas rho- and beta(H)-mRNA was activated in K562 cells containing chicken chromosomes with deletions of the intergenic enhancers, 5'-HS1 and 5'-HS2. Transcriptional activation of the rho- and beta(H)-globin genes correlated with hyperacetylation of histones H3 and H4, loss of histone H3 lysine 9 methylation, and binding of RNA polymerase II to the gene promoters. Surprisingly, the status of CpG dinucleotide methylation at the promoters did not correlate with the transcriptional status of the genes. Our results using a chromosomal transfer assay demonstrate an identical silencing function for these regulatory elements, which suggests they function as part of a common silencing pathway or complex.
TEXES: a sensitive and versatile spectrograph for mid-infrared astronomy

TEXES, the Texas Echelon Cross Echelle Spectrograph, is a versatile mid-infrared (5-25 μm) spectrograph that can be used in several operating modes: high resolution cross-dispersed, with a resolving power of R = 50-100,000; medium resolution long-slit, with R~15,000; low resolution long-slit, with R~3000; source acquisition imaging; and pupil imaging. The design of TEXES is unique in several respects. The primary disperser is a variation on an echelon, a steeply and coarsely blazed (R10 with 0.3 inch groove spacing), 36 inch long, diamond-machined aluminum grating. The cross disperser is an R4 echelle used in low order at R2, with the grooves acting as corner reflectors. Cold mechanisms allow the echelon to be bypassed to use the cross disperser in long-slit mode. A first-order grating can be inserted in front of the echelle for lower resolution. In addition, the low resolution grating can be turned face-on to act as a mirror allowing source-acquisition imaging and pupil viewing. TEXES has been used for 8 nights on the McDonald Observatory 2.7m and 45 nights on the NASA IRTF 3m telescopes over the last 2 1/2 years. Sources observed include planets and planetary satellites, stellar atmospheres, circumstellar outflows and disks, and molecular clouds and HII regions in the Milky Way and external galaxies.
The influence of physical appearance on personnel selection

Previous research suggests that physical appearance variables may play a role in employment hiring decisions. This study examined the influence of two physical appearance variables, beardedness and attractiveness, on personnel selection. Fifty undergraduate participants were given the task of evaluating and selecting between nine equally qualified male job applicants applying for a fictitious management trainee position. A photograph was attached to each of the nine applications. Photographs differed systematically on level of beardedness and attractiveness. Results indicated that the level of attractiveness of the photographs significantly affected the evaluation of the application to which it was attached, but did not significantly affect the subjects' final selection decision. Level of beardedness of the photographs was not found to have a significant effect on evaluation of the applications. However, there was a trend in the data that suggested that bearded applicants, although evaluated equally with nonbearded applicants, were selected for management positions at lower rates. Implications and limitations of these results are also examined.
Occurrence of the phytoalexin phaseollin in pods of Phaseolus vulgaris.

Phaseollin is a phytoalexin synthesised by Phaseolus vulgaris (snap or French bean) in response to infection or injury. The possibility of its accumulation in the edible pods damaged during post-harvest handling was investigated. Phaseollin levels increased in injured pod tissue during 48 h at 27°C. Some delocalised accumulation occurred in healthy tissue adjacent to injured sites but concentrations decreased sharply with distance from the broken ends. Canning and freezing processes did not destroy phaseollin which accumulated in 24 h in pods held in air; phaseollin synthesis was strongly inhibited, however, by holding broken pods in 30% CO2. Since accumulation was localised at broken surfaces, levels for whole pods are low and probably not nutritionally significant.
Mice raised on milk transgenically enriched with n-3 PUFA have increased brain docosahexaenoic acid.

The brain contains high levels of the long-chain n−3 FA DHA(22∶6n−3), mainly in the gray matter and synaptosomes. Adequate intake of DHA is crucial for optimal nervous system function, particularly in infants. Supplementation of infant formulas with DHA at levels similar to human breast milk is recommended for biochemical and functional benefits to neonates. We generated transgenic mice that produce elevated levels of n−3 PUFA in their milk by expressing the Caenorhabditis elegans n−3 FA desaturase under the control of a lactation-induced goat beta-casein promoter. To examine the postnatal effects of consuming the n−3-enriched milk, we compared the growth and brain and plasma FA composition of mouse pups raised on milk from transgenic dams with those observed for pups raised on milk from nontransgenic dams. A significant decrease in arachidonic acid (ARA, 20∶4n−6) and concomitant increases in n−3 PUFA were observed in the phospholipid fraction of transgenic mouse milk. The n−6∶n−3 FA ratios were 4.7 and 34.5 for the transgenic and control milk phospholipid fractions, respectively. DHA and DPA (22∶5n−6) comprised 15.1% and 2.8% of brain FA from weanling mice nursed on transgenic dams, as compared with 6.9% and 9.2% for weanling mice nursed on control dams, respectively. This transgenic mouse model offers a unique approach to disassociate the effects and fetal programming resulting from a high n−6∶n−3 FA ratio gestational environment from the postnatal nutritional effects of providing milk with differing n−6∶n−3 FA ratios.
Corrigendum to “Existence and uniqueness results for a nonlinear differential equation arising in MHD Falkner-Skan flow” [Commun. Nonlinear Sci. Numer. Simulat. 15 (2010) 2272–2277]

Abstract We correct the hypothesis for which the existence and uniqueness theorems of Van Gorder and Vajravelu [Commun. Nonlinear Sci. Numer. Simulat. 15 (2010) 2272–2277] hold. This correction modifies the range of parameters valid under the given theorems.
Prevention of Diabetes Through Lifestyle Intervention: Lessons Learned from the Diabetes Prevention Program and Outcomes Study and its Translation to Practice

A number of strategies have been used to delay or prevent the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) in high-risk adults. Among them were diet, exercise, medications and surgery. This report focuses on the nutritional lessons learned from implementation of the Intensive Lifestyle Intervention (ILI) in the DPP and its follow-up DPPOS that looked at weight loss through modification of diet and exercise. The Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) is a large clinical trial, sponsored by the National Institutes of Health, designed to look at several strategies to prevent conversion to type 2 diabetes (T2D) by adults with prediabetes (IGT/IFG) including an Intensive Lifestyle Intervention (ILI). The ∼3800 ethnically diverse participants (46% reported non-white race) were overweight, had impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and impaired fasting glucose (IFG). Treatments were assigned randomly. The Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study (DPPOS) is a follow up study evaluating the long-term outcomes of the clinical trial.
Growth and properties of YBCO thin films on polycrystalline Ag substrates by inclined substrate pulsed laser deposition

Fully c-axis-oriented YBCO films were directly deposited on polycrystalline silver substrates by inclined substrate pulsed laser ablation. The orientation and microstructure of the YBCO films were characterized by x-ray diffraction 2?-scans, ?-scans and pole figure analysis. Surface morphology was examined by scanning electron microscopy. Irregular-mosaic-shaped supergrains were observed in the films. Raman spectroscopy was used to evaluate the quality of the YBCO films. The superconducting transition temperature (Tc) and the critical current density (Jc) of the films were determined by inductive and transport measurements, respectively. Tc = 91 K with sharp transition and Jc = 2.7 ? 105 A cm?2 at 77 K in zero field were obtained on a film that was 0.14 ?m thick, 5 mm wide and 10 mm long. This work demonstrated a promising approach to obtain high-Jc YBCO films on nontextured polycrystalline silver substrate.
Increasing the Relevance of Data Presented to the Operators in an Accelerator Control System

Relevancy assumes a critical importance in control system operation because of the large amount of information available. The information deluge impacts the following areas: If information is presented at too high a rate or in too large blocks, the operators may not comprehend it. If useless data is often presented in a given display, the operators may ignore all data presented by that display. If the context of the data is not presented, the data may be meaningless to the operators. If the control and display systems are not properly designed, peaks in the message generation rate may choke the system. This paper describes the techniques in use and under development at the Clinton P. Anderson Meson Physics Facility for increasing the relevance of data both for real-time operations and for long-term analysis of accelerator performance. Data sifting and organization for presentation and for compact storage is discussed.
Thalidomide for chronic sarcoidosis

Study objectives Thalidomide therapy has been shown to modify granulomatous diseases, such as tuberculosis and leprosy. Lupus pernio is a skin manifestation of sarcoidosis that does not remit spontaneously, and was used as a marker of efficacy of thalidomide for sarcoidosis. Design An open-label, dose-escalation trial of thalidomide. Setting Patients were seen at one of four specialized sarcoidosis clinics in the United States. Patients Fifteen patients with lupus pernio and other manifestations of sarcoidosis unresponsive to prior therapy were enrolled. Interventions Skin lesions were assessed with visual examination by the treating physician, and photographic evaluation by a blinded panel of physicians reviewing photographs of the lesions before and after therapy. Measurements and results Fourteen patients completed 4 months of therapy. All patients experienced some improvement in their skin lesions subjectively, and 10 of 12 evaluable patients showed improvement using photograph scoring. Five patients were better after 1 month (treated with 50 mg/d of thalidomide), seven more patients improved after 2 months (treated with 100 mg/d of thalidomide in the second month), and two patients required an additional month of 200 mg of thalidomide to achieve a response. Patients reported increased somnolence (n = 9), numbness (n = 7), dizziness (n = 2), constipation (n = 6), rash (n = 1), and increasing shortness of breath (n = 1). One patient discontinued therapy because of new-onset dyspnea, due to probably unrelated new-onset congestive heart failure. Conclusion Thalidomide was an effective form of treatment for chronic cutaneous sarcoidosis. The drug was well tolerated and may be a useful alternative to systemic corticosteroids.
Electrical field effects near the metal-insulator transition.

A detailed study of the nonlinear conductivity of two disordered alloys, Ge/sub x/Au/sub 1-//sub x/ and C/sub x/Cu/sub 1-//sub x/, is carried out near their metal-insulator transition on the metallic side for 1.3 K
The significance of low voltage of the QRS complex in precordial leads

Abstract The significance of low voltage of the QRS complexes in the limb leads of the electrocardiogram has been discussed by many observers. 1 There can be little question that, in many instances, low voltage complexes are a result of severe myocardial disease. However, this is by no means always so, for complexes which are definitely below the accepted limits of normal are often observed when there is only slight myocardial involvement, and even when the heart is normal. Although Willius and Killins 2 attributed to myocardial disease the low voltage which they found in 32 per cent of 140 cases, they feel that low voltage which is unassociated with other graphic abnormalities neither indicates serious myocardial disease necessarily, nor, ipso facto, is of serious prognostic import. The diagnosis of myocardial disease, although it may be suggested, cannot be made positively upon the evidence of low voltage alone. As far as we are aware, the literature contains no study of the significance of low voltage of the QRS complexes in precordial leads. The lack of correspondence between the amplitude of different precordial leads and that of the limb leads is well recognized. 3, 4, 5 Usually, low voltage in the limb leads, even when it results from severe myocardial disease, is accompanied by normal voltage in the precordial leads. Much less frequently have we observed that low voltage was present in both limb and precordial leads. The present study is an attempt to evaluate the factors which are responsible for this agreement, and the significance of curves in which the voltage of the QRS complexes is low in both limb and chest leads.
Superior pubic rami resection for isolated recurrent uterine cancer.

Recurrent gynecologic cancer in the pelvis after previous radiation therapy is associated with a dismal prognosis. When recurrent disease is localized to the pelvis, however, surgical salvage, particularly with radical surgery involving resection of the bony pelvis, can be achieved. Fixation of tumor to the bony pelvis has been traditionally considered a contraindication to resection of tumor from the pelvic girdle. At our institution, we have previously reported on how the combination of intraoperative radiation therapy (IORT) and radical surgical resection for recurrent gynecologic tumors provides a reasonable local control rate in patients who have failed prior surgery and/or definitive radiation [1]. Others have similarly noted an increased survival with combination of radiation and gross resection, even if it signifies sacrificing the bony pelvis [2]. The resection of bone during pelvic surgical procedures has been primarily reported in the rectal cancer literature, with some cases of these tumors involving the sacrum or the pelvic girdle [3,4]. These series have reported encouraging results in the management of recurrent pelvic malignancies [5]. With proper patient selection, complete gross resection at completion surgery can improve survival. We will primarily focus on the multidisciplinary strategies utilized to accomplish bony resection in the pelvis that might have been otherwise considered inoperable in the past.
Chain versus dimer contacts in crystalline 5-(4-[N-tert-butyl-N-aminoxyl]phenyl)pyrimidine radicals: Choices among competing intermolecular exchange mechanisms

Abstract 5-(4-[N-Tert-butyl-N-aminoxyl]phenyl)pyrimidine crystallographically exhibits alternating chains and in-plane dimers involving two distinct molecular geometries, plus dimeric stacking of only one of the forms. Its magnetic behavior is neither fully spin pairing nor chain-like, but rather shows low temperature spin pairing for half of molecules in the unit cell with J/k = (−)130 J/mol, consistent with dominating exchange behavior of the dimerically π-stacked form. The other molecules in the unit cell behave in an essentially paramagnetic manner.
Trypanosoma lewisi: duration of immune state in rats.

Rats infected with Trypanosoma lewisi were studied for more than 500 days to measure the duration of the immune state. Sixty rats arranged in groups of ten were each inoculated with 100 cells of T. lewisi on Day 1. Subsequently, the first group was re-inoculated with the same number of trypanosomes on Day 56. On Day 141 the first group was again challenged and the second group was challenged for the first time. On Day 234 the first group was reexposed for the third time; the second group for the second, and the third group of rats was reexposed for the first time. This pattern was continued at Days 324, 414 and 505 when the 1st group was reexposed for the first time. Additional rats were inoculated on each challenge date for control of viability of the trypanosomes. Techniques for detection of parasites in the host's body were: (a) wet films of tail blood; (b) permanent blood smears; and (c) subinoculation of host blood into susceptible animals (xenodiagnosis). The immune state was steady in all groups during the periods of observation. No active trypanosomes were detected at any period of observation. However, inactive or dead trypanosomes were found in the peripheral blood of rats reinoculated on Day 414 and 505. Control animals showed active parasitemias during each reinoculation period.
Audit, quality control, and performance in thoracic surgery: a North American perspective.

Health care quality is often measured by components of structure, outcomes, and process. One way for thoracic surgeons to evaluate their practices is to compare themselves with evidence-based national guidelines. Outcomes data are often generated from entries into large patient databases. In addition to providing meaningful information regarding surgical outcomes and quality, these databases are used as the basis for risk-adjusted models to accurately predict surgical morbidity and mortality. These models can be used as auditing tools against which surgeon- and site-specific morbidity and mortality can be compared with predicted values.
Modification of neuron numbers in the visual system of the rat.

After unilateral lesions of the posterior cerebral cortex at birth, the ipsilateral dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus disappears within 96 hours. Several of the remaining visual centers may be distorted, atrophic or hypertrophic. Examples of the last are the ipsilateral nucleus of the optic tract (NOT) and superficial layers of the superior colliculus (SC), which usually show a volume increase. In order to determine changes in neuron numbers in these two regions, we exposed rats to 3H-thymidine on specific embryonic days. Some of these rats received posterior cortical lesions on the day of birth and others served as controls. Counts from adult rats exposed to 3H-thymidine on embryonic days 13 and 14 reveal a significant increase in the number of labeled neurons in both the NOT and SC on the side of the lesion. The retinal projections in rats with posterior lesions at birth were determined by the application of silver degeneration methods after eye removal. Atypical optic projections are found to the lateral posterior nucleus and the NOT on the side of the lesion. We conclude that the redistribution of optic collaterals after early destruction of the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus serves to increase neuron numbers in the NOT and SC. Therefore, the present findings are comparable to the results in nonmammals after transplantation of additional peripheral organs.
Trichinosis in Oral Musculature: Report of Case

Although the striated muscles of the tongue, jaw, and neck are common sites for infestation of trichinae, only a few cases of trichinosis have been reported in the dental literature. Ingestion of many viable larvae of Trichinella spiralis may produce moderate to severe bodily symptoms; in most instances, however, the disease remains undetected because clinical signs are absent.
Antimicrobial synergism in the therapy of experimental cerebral nocardiosis

A mouse model of cerebral nocardiosis was used to determine the efficacy of synergistic antimicrobial combinations in reducing bacterial colony counts per gram of brain tissue. The combinations of imipenem-cefotaxime and imipenem-trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole (TMP/SMP) were compared with each other and with each agent used alone. A saline treated control group was also included. At the completion of 72 h of therapy the combinations of imipenem-cefotaxime and imipenem-TMP/SMX were the most effective in reducing bacterial colony counts. These were statistically superior to cefotaxime and TMP/SMX used alone but not statistically superior to imipenem alone. TMP/SMX was not effective in this model and was inferior to all other antibiotic treatments.
Precision lead tungstate Crystal calorimeter for CMS at LHC

A precision lead tungstate crystal calorimeter is being constructed by the CMS collaboration as a powerful tool to probe electro-weak symmetry breaking and new physics in the LHC era. The status of calorimeter construction is reported. The crucial issue of maintaining crystal calorimetry precision in the expected radiation environment is elaborated.
All-Active InGaAsP/InP Optical Tapered-Amplifier 1XN Power Splitters

Photonic and optoelectronic systems require semiconductor optical amplifiers, splitters and switches with high speed, bandwidth, and gain.
Modeling and correction of artifacts due to z-motion in 2-D MRI

In 2D Fourier magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), patient motion, including respiratory, cardiac, and involuntary motion, plays a significant role in degradation of the image quality. The in-plane motion (x-y motion) results only in phase distortions in the raw (Fourier domain) MRI data, which can be easily corrected once the motion kernel is known. However, the effect of motion in the slice-selection direction (z-motion) has not yet been completely analyzed due to its significantly more complex nature. The authors propose a novel model to represent the effect of z-motion in the data acquisition process, and then develop two postprocessing methods for the correction of z-motion artifacts provided that the z-motion kernel is known. The model takes the form of a multi-input single-output, shift-variant system. Thus, the inversion of this system is treated by using some nonlinear methods such as the projection onto convex sets (POCS) technique and a Monte Carlo method. >
Kinetics and Mechanisms of Cholesterol Gallstone Dissolution

The purpose of this paper is to review the past and current in vitro studies aimed at understanding the mechanisms of cholesterol gallstone dissolution in bile. As is pointed out, there has been considerable progress in this area during the past 15 years with regard to the physical chemistry of the dissolution process.
Nonlinear dispersive waves in a Hall plasma with a finite conductivity

The study of nonlinear magnetosonic waves in a turbulent plasma is extended to include the effects of the Hall term. The turbulence and Hall effect are characterized by an effective electrical conductivity and an ion gyrofrequency respectively. It is shown that the magnetosonic waves are governed by a nonlinear equation which can be considered as the generalization of a Korteweg & de Vries (1895) equation with dispersion. For a stationary solution two cases are considered in detail: ( a ) an unperturbed magnetic field is almost parallel to a wave vector, and ( b ) they are almost perpendicular. In the case ( a ) it is shown that the presence of the Hall term can lead to an oscillatory solution which decays due to the finite conductivity. In the second case the Hall effect does not affect the monotonous character of a decaying Taylor-shock profile.
Acceptable use policies and electronic mail: what are the frontiers?

Many colleges and universities have developed acceptable use policies (AUPs) governing the use of the Internet by their students and staff. These policies range from very general to very specific, but most are a mixture of the two. AUPs provide a fertile ground for exploring such topics as first amendment rights, ethics, and privacy issues with our students. Most faculty and students today accept e-mail as a fact of daily life. As use of the Internet and e-mail booms, colleges and universities are struggling to develop acceptable use policies (AUPs) that are broad enough to cover offences not yet conceived of but narrow enough to cover specific issues. I discuss a variety of AUPs I have examined from institutions ranging from small, private engineering schools to large research universities.
Anisotropy Evolution and Irrecoverable Deformation in Triaxial Stress Probes

This paper presents the results and analysis of experimental investigations of compressible Chicago clays with regard to the evolution of stiffness anisotropy. The experimental program was conducted on high-quality block samples obtained from the excavation for the Block 37 project in Chicago. The specimens were consolidated to in situ stresses via a recompression technique and then were subjected to directional stress probes. On-specimen LVDTs and an internal load cell with high accuracy were used for stress-strain response of the specimen. The stiffness and stiffness anisotropy ratio at very small strains were obtained synchronously from bender element tests during the consolidation and stress probes. The structural change as anisotropy evolves within a specimen is discussed. The results of the experimental program showed that compressible Chicago clay is an initially cross-anisotropic material under the in situ stresses. This anisotropy changes at the onset of irrecoverable deformation at stresses defined by previously established Y2 yield surfaces. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000575. © 2012 American Society of Civil Engineers. CE Database subject headings: Wave measurement; Experimentation; Clays; Yield; Stiffness; Anisotropy; Deformation; Stress. Author keywords: Bender elements; Wave measurement; Block sample; Experiments; Chicago clay; Yields; Stiffness anisotropy.
Limits on the traffic carrying capacity of optical networks with an arbitrary topology

The letter examines the limits on the traffic carrying capacity of a dense wavelength-division multiplexing (DWDM)-based network of arbitrary topology. It also presents a technique to maximize the traffic carrying capacity of such networks.
High school students' knowledge and beliefs about television advisory warnings

Abstract Advisory warnings were adopted by network television stations in the fall of 1993 to inform viewers of violent or sexual programming. To assess the impact of the advisories, independent samples of high school students were surveyed in the fall of 1993 (n = 1,854) and in the fall of 1994 (n = 1,489). Most students reported having seen a warning before programs with violent or sexual content. Furthermore, students were more aware of the advisories and had more accurate recall of the violence advisory over time. Although students’ knowledge of the advisories improved over time, their advisory‐related beliefs and the amount of violence they watched on television remained unchanged.
THE RECOVERY OF MORE ENNIUS FROM A MISINFORMED CICERONIAN SCHOLIAST

The aim of this paper is to propose a new and more satisfactory context for a fragment from one of Ennius’ tragedies preserved in Cicero and discussed by a late scholiast on the Ciceronian passage. It will be shown that the scholiast, or more likely the source upon which he drew, had in front of him a bit more of the Ennian passage than the partial line preserved in Cicero and that the scholiast drew a false conclusion concerning the identity of one of the interlocutors from the way in which one speaker addressed the other. Previous scholars have sought to remove the inconsistency in the scholiast's sketch of the scene either by changing the locale of the dialogue or by correcting the scholiast's identification of the out-of-place speaker. It will be shown that a more productive line of investigation is to seek to discover the underlying cause of the scholiast's apparent error. The identification of the cause not only sheds light on the fate of Ennius’ text in Late Antiquity but permits us to restore, by means of conjecture, an additional word to the corpus of Ennius’ tragedies, a word that is a favourite of his in the Annales, but until now has not been attested in a Roman tragedy before the age of Seneca.
A Pilot, Community-Based Interventional Study in a Local Convenience Store to Improve Dietary Outcomes in Children

Introduction. One contributor to the epidemic of obesity is an unhealthful food environment. This study was designed to assess the feasibility of a community-level intervention in a convenience store on improving the food environment. Methods. This community-based interventional study took place in an urban, low-income, ethnic-minority neighborhood. Children who reported visiting either the intervention store or another neighborhood control store were enrolled. The healthfulness of store offerings was measured, and a diet survey was completed by subjects from both intervention and control stores. Results. At the nine-month follow-up, the intervention store promoted and advertised more healthful items than the community-control store. There was a trend toward increased fruit and vegetable consumption and lower sugar-sweetened soda consumption among the intervention store subjects but not in the control subjects. Conclusions. Improving the food environment is feasible via a community-based intervention utilizing the influence of a community health center.
Nonlinear stability of Newtonian fibres

The stability of steady isothermal flow of one-dimensional Newtonian fibres is considered. Bifurcation theory yields a stable supercritical Hopf bifurcation, with frequency decreasing for increasing winder speeds near the critical winder speed. A new Chebyshev expansion procedure is used with time-marching to obtain accurate numerical solutions valid far from the critical point. Our numerical solution agrees well with our analytical solution near the critical winder speed, but differs significantly from those of previous numerical models. There is qualitative agreement with a previous isothermal experiment for oscillation amplitude but not for oscillation frequency. These comparisons are discussed.
PROBLEM LOCALIZATION STRATEGIES FOR PRAMATICS PROCESSING IN NATURAL-LANGUAGE FRONT ENDS

Problem localization is the identification of the most significant failures in the AND-OR tree resulting from an unsuccessful attempt to achieve a goal, for instance, in planning, backward-chaining inference, or top-down parsing. We examine heuristics and strategies for problem localization in the context of using a planner to check for pragmatic failures in natural language input to computer systems, such as a cooperative natural language interface to Unix™ Our heuristics call for selecting the most hopeful branch at ORs, but the most problematic one at ANDs. Surprise scores and special-purpose rules are the main strategies suggested to determine this.
The Effects of Therapeutic Community on Recidivism up to Four Years After Release from Prison: A Multisite Study

This research examined the effect of therapeutic community delivered in multiple sites on the likelihood of rearrest and reconviction for males up to 4 years after release from prison. With relevant covariates controlled in the analysis, completing therapeutic community had a significant effect on reducing the likelihood of rearrest for inmates with moderate probabilities of being classified as in need of therapeutic community programming. Therapeutic community did not have significant effects on reducing reconvictions. An explanation for the latter finding in sentencing policy and charging practices is provided.
Effects of a monounsaturated fatty acid-enriched hypocaloric diet on cardiovascular risk factors in obese patients with type 2 diabetes

OBJECTIVE To determine whether the lipoprotein response to weight loss in obese patients with type 2 diabetes can be improved by modifying the macronutrient composition of the commonly prescribed low-fat, high-carbohydrate (CHO) hypocaloric diet. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Nine obese patients with type 2 diabetes were treated with a monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA)-enriched weight-reducing formula diet and compared with eight obese patients with type 2 diabetes treated with a low-fat, high-CHO weight-reducing formula diet. Weight loss ensued for 6 weeks, followed by 4 weeks of refeeding using isocaloric formulas enriched with MUFA or CHO, respectively. Fasting blood samples were obtained to measure plasma lipoproteins and LDL susceptibility to oxidation (measured as lag time: time required to induce in vitro formation of conjugated dienes). RESULTS At baseline, there were no differences between the groups in plasma lipids, lipoproteins, or LDL susceptibility to oxidation. Weight loss was similar between the groups. Dieting resulted in decreases in total plasma cholesterol, LDL, HDL, triglycerides, and apolipoproteins A and B ( P P P P = 0.10), while the CHO group remained unchanged (152 ± 9 min, P r = 0.74 and r = 0.93, respectively; both P CONCLUSIONS Macronutrient content is an important determinant of the lipoprotein response to weight loss in obese patients with type 2 diabetes. MUFA-enriched hypocaloric diets potentiate the beneficial effects of weight loss to ameliorate cardiovascular risk factors in obese patients with type 2 diabetes.