cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Distinct Roles for the NK Cell-Activating Receptors in Mediating Interactions with Dendritic Cells and Tumor Cells

NK cells are innate immune cells that are important in tumor immunity, but also have the ability to modulate the adaptive immune system through cytokine production or direct cell-cell interactions. This study investigates the interaction of NK cells with dendritic cells (DCs) and tumor cells, and the role of specific NK cell-activating receptors in this process. Primary rat NK cells and an NK cell line produced IFN-γ when cocultured with either DCs or the rat hepatoma cell line McA-RH7777 (McA). This NK cell activation by DCs and McA required cell-cell contact and was dependent on distinct NK-activating receptors. Silencing NK cell expression of NKp46 and NKp30 significantly diminished DC- and McA-mediated NK cell IFN-γ production, respectively. NK cells killed immature and mature DCs independently of NKp46, NKp30, and NKG2D; however, cytotoxicity against McA cells was dependent on NKp30 and NKG2D. Thus, we have shown in this study that NKp30 plays dual activating roles in NK-McA tumor interactions by mediating cytokine production and cytotoxicity. More importantly, NK cells are activated by both DCs and hepatoma cells to produce IFN-γ, but require distinct NK cell-activating receptors, NKp46 and NKp30, respectively. Our data suggest that therapeutics could be developed specifically to target NK-DC interactions without compromising NK tumor immunity.
VISAR: A next generation interferometric radar for venus exploration

Magellan, a NASA mission to Venus in the early 1990s, mapped nearly the entire surface of Venus with an S-band (12 cm) synthetic aperture radar and microwave radiometer and made radar altimeter measurements of the topography, [1]. These measurements revolutionized our understanding of the geomorphology, geology and geophysical processes that have shaped the evolution of the surface of Venus. However, the lack of finer resolution imagery and topography of the surface than that obtained by the Magellan mission has hampered the definitive answer to key questions concerning the processes and evolution of the surface of Venus. The Venus Emissivity, Radio Science, InSAR Topography And Spectroscopy (VERITAS) Mission is a proposed mission to Venus designed to obtain high resolution imagery and topography of the surface using an X-band radar configured as a single pass radar interferometer (called VISAR) coupled with a multispectral NIR emissivity mapping sensor.
In vivo alteration of humoral responses to HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp120 by antibodies to the CD4-binding site of gp120.

The binding of antibodies to the CD4-binding site (CD4bs) of the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp120 has been shown to induce gp120 to undergo conformational changes that can expose and/or shield specific epitopes on gp120. Here, we study alterations in the antigenicity and immunogenicity of gp120 when complexed with human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) specific for the CD4bs of gp120. The data showed that gp120 bound by anti-CD4bs mAbs had enhanced reactivity with mAbs to the V3 and N-terminal regions, but not with mAb to the C terminus. Moreover, mice immunized with the gp120/anti-CD4bs mAb complexes produced higher titers of gp120-specific serum IgG and IgA than mice immunized with uncomplexed gp120 or other gp120/mAb complexes. Notably, the enhanced antibody production was directed against V3 and correlated with better exposure of V3 on the gp120/anti-CD4bs mAb complexes. The higher antibody reactivity was evident against the homologous V3LAI peptide, but not against heterologous V3 peptides. Potent neutralization activity against HIV-1LAI was also observed in the sera from mice immunized with gp120/anti-CD4bs mAb complexes, although the sera exhibited poor neutralizing activities against other viruses tested. These results indicate that the anti-CD4bs antibodies alter the antigenicity and immunogenicity of gp120, leading to enhanced production of anti-gp120 antibodies directed particularly against the V3 region.
Exactly Solvable Model for the Kondo Problem

A model for magnetic impurities in metals is introduced and solved exactly. It treats longitudinal impurity-electron coupling in the long-time approximation of the x-ray threshold problem and treats transverse spin-density operators in a fermion representation. For antiferromagnetic coupling, the magnetization in field $H$ vanishes as ${H}^{2{J}_{\ensuremath{\parallel}}}$ and saturates when $H$ is of order ${(\frac{J_{\ensuremath{\perp}}^{}{}_{}{}^{2}}{{J}_{\ensuremath{\parallel}}})}^{\frac{1}{2}{J}_{\ensuremath{\parallel}}}$ ${J}_{\ensuremath{\parallel}}$ and ${J}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}$ are longitudinal and transverse exchange constants). For ferromagnetic coupling, the free moment is only slightly renormalized.
‘Let No One Ignorant of Geometry Enter Here’: Ontology and Mathematics in the Thought of Martin Heidegger

A critical notice of Michael Roubach, Being and Number in Heidegger’s Thought, trans. Nessa Olshansky‐Ashtar. Continuum International Publishing Group, 2008. Pp. viii + 139. ISBN‐10 1–8470–6030–7. ...
Lesch—Nyhan syndrome: Carrier and prenatal diagnosis

We report the results of carrier and prenatal diagnosis for hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) deficiency, Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, by carrier testing of 83 women and prenatal analysis of 26 pregnancies. Our diagnostic methodologies include mutation detection and linkage analysis for probands and their families and biochemical measurement of HPRT enzyme activity for at-risk pregnancies. Identification of the mutation in the index case of each family permits precise carrier diagnosis using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of HPRT gene sequences and automated DNA sequencing. We demonstrate 100 per cent sensitivity for the detection of mutations in the HPRT gene of affected males and highly efficient carrier testing of at-risk females. Two other molecular methods proven to have high utility include PCR-based dosage analysis and linkage analysis by PCR amplification of a short tandem repeat (STR) in intron 3 of the HPRT gene. As a result, 45 at-risk women, 56 per cent of those tested, were identified not to be carriers of their family's HPRT gene mutation. Seven of these women were the mothers of affected males and prenatal testing for future pregnancies was recommended because of the possibility of gonadal mosaicism. Thirty-eight of these women were more distant relatives of affected males, thereby eliminating the need for future prenatal procedures. These studies illustrate the utility and precision of molecular methodologies for carrier and prenatal diagnosis of Lesch-Nyhan syndrome. These studies also illustrate that molecular diagnostic studies of affected males and carrier testing prior to pregnancy can clarify genetic risk predictions and eliminate unnecessary prenatal procedures.
Sideband instabilities and optical guiding in a free electron laser: Experiment and theory

Abstract Experimental and theoretical studies of the effects of tapering and optical guiding on sideband instabilities are reported. The experiments are performed in the Columbia Raman FEL ( ⋍ 2 mm ). Experiment shows sizeable reductions in sideband amplitudes in an efficiency-enhanced undulator. In the presence of optical guiding in a constant-period undulator, the sideband shift is larger compared with the case when optical guiding does not occur.
Fabrication of Multicomponent Microsystems by Directed Three‐Dimensional Self‐Assembly

We have developed a directed self-assembly process for the fabrication of three-dimensional (3D) microsystems that contain non-identical parts and a statistical model that relates the process yield to the process parameters. The self-assembly process uses geometric-shape recognition to identify different components, and surface tension between liquid solder and metal-coated areas to form mechanical and electrical connections. The concept is used to realize self-packaging microsystems that contain non-identical subunits. To enable the realization of microsystems that contain more than two non-identical subunits, sequential self-assembly is introduced, a process that is similar to the formation of heterodimers, heterotrimers, and higher aggregates found in nature, chemistry, and chemical biology. The self-assembly of three-component assemblies is demonstrated by sequentially adding device segments to the assembly solution including two hundred micrometer-sized light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) integrated circuits. Six hundred AlGaInP/GaAs LED segments self-assembled onto device carriers in two minutes, without defects, and encapsulation units self-assembled onto the LED-carrier assemblies to form a 3D circuit path to operate the final device. The self-assembly process is a well-defined statistical process. The process follows a first-order, non-linear differential equation. The presented model relates the progression of the self-assembly and yield with the process parameters-component population and capture probability-that are defined by the agitation and the component design.
Implementation of a standard pharmacy clinical practice model in a multihospital system

Purpose The implementation of a standard pharmacy clinical practice model in a multihospital health system is described. Summary An initiative to enhance the quality and scope of pharmacy clinical practices by transitioning from a pharmacy practice model focused on order entry and distributive functions to a patient-centered model focused on drug therapy management and documentation was begun within the Providence Health and Services System. After demonstrating favorable results during pilot testing in the system’s largest hospital, the pharmacy practice model was implemented at two facilities, which took approximately six months. A documentation program was implemented at each hospital to provide a baseline for measuring the impact of changes in practice and to standardize clinical activity at each hospital. Changes implemented in the distribution process at the two facilities freed up as much pharmacist time as possible. These changes included the optimization of technology, automated dispensing cabinets, order-image scanner technology, and an automated telephone tree to route distribution-related calls to a technician. At both hospitals, the number of interventions documented by the pharmacists increased from 2005 (before implementation) to 2008. The associated cost avoidance also increased, and the daily supply expense per case-mix-adjusted patient day decreased during this time. Based on the positive data from these facilities, wide distribution of this clinical practice model is being adopted. Conclusion The implementation in a multihospital system of a patient-centered clinical practice model was achieved through a well-coordinated effort that included gaining support of hospital administration by demonstrating the impact of clinical pharmacy services on patient care and hospital finances.
A pilot study of patients with clinically severe obesity undergoing laparoscopic surgery: evidence for impaired cardiac performance.

Objective Given the propensity for heart disease in obese patients, the authors investigated the effects of pneumoperitoneum on cardiac performance. Design A pilot observational intraoperative study. Setting A single-center university hospital. Participants Patients undergoing laparoscopic gastric bypass surgery. Interventions Abdominal insufflation. Measurements and Results Hemodynamic, respiratory, and echocardiographic data were collected at 4 epochs: (1) baseline after the induction of anesthesia, (2) after abdominal insufflation in supine position, (3) after abdominal insufflation in the reverse Trendelenburg (RT) position, and (4) after desufflation in RT position. At epoch 1, 3 of 13 patients manifested systolic dysfunction (SD), 5 of 13 patients exhibited diastolic dysfunction (DD) according to transmitral flow (TMF) Doppler criteria, and 4 of 8 patients according to Doppler tissue imaging (DTI) criteria. With pneumoperitoneum, the total systemic resistance increased to values of 142% from baseline (p Conclusion The study data revealed that surgical pneumoperitoneum used in patients with clinically severe obesity resulted in the deterioration of cardiac performance including the development of new-onset DD. These patients, despite their relative young age and without a history of heart failure or coronary artery disease, displayed a cardiovascular profile during laparoscopic surgery similar to that seen in patients with significant heart disease.
Perception, planning, and control for autonomous walking with the Ambler planetary rover

Producing a robotic system that can operate autonomously on other planets is a challenging task: The robot must be ex tremely self-reliant; it must be able to operate on a limited power budget; and it must be able to traverse a wide range of rugged terrain features. This article describes an integrated software system that combines perception, planning, real-time control, and task-level control to navigate autonomously the Ambler, a six-legged rover. The overall approach to walking is highly deliberative: Where actions are goal-directed, steps are planned out in detail using explicit models of the terrain and the vehicle, and moves are checked for safety prior to execution. We believe that this approach is well-suited to meet ing the challenges of reliability, efficiency, and terrainability faced by autonomous planetary rovers. The Ambler system has been extensively tested, both indoors and outdoors, and the results confirm our expectations regarding the degree of system capability and performance afforde...
Alcohol and Anxiety: The Role of Drinking Context, Expectancy, and Sex of Subject

Contrary to traditional models of the emotional effects of alcohol (e.g., Conger, 1956), recent evidence has not supported the notion that alcohol's pharmacological action consistently reduces anxiety in all persons across all drinking situations (see reviews by Cappell, 1975; Freed, 1978; Higgins, 1976; Marlatt, 1976). Instead, emotional responses to alcohol, including changes in anxiety, appear to be critically determined by the drinking context characteristics (e.g., Kalin, 1972; Pliner & Cappell, 1974) and the drinker's expectations of alcohol's effects (e.g., Polivy, Schueneman, & Carlson, 1976; Wilson & Abrams, 1977).
Microsemiotics of DNA

L'A. s'interesse a l'emergence, dans le domaine biologique, de concepts et principes issus de la linguistique et servant a l'analyse, la categorisation et l'explication des structures et processus biologiques, ce que l'il appelle le paradigme PLC ou paradigme semiotique. Il aborde alors les differents traits de ce paradigme emergent en considerant les problemes de la structure de l'ADN et de sa fonction avec un point de vue semiotique. A partir de la theorie du langage cellulaire, et de sa generalisation, la microsemiotique peut en effet jouer un role dans l'elucidation de la structure de l'ADN.
Emergency coronary bypass surgery after coronary angioplasty: the national heart, lung, and blood institute's percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty registry experience

Abstract The frequency and outcome of emergency CABG for complications of PTCA in the NHLBI PTCA Registry were analyzed. Emergency surgery was performed in 202 patients (6.6%). The most frequent indications for emergency operation were coronary dissection in 46%, coronary occlusion in 20%, prolonged angina in 14% and coronary spasm in 11%. Emergency surgery was most often necessary in patients in whom lesions could not be reached or traversed, but more than 25% of patients who required emergency surgery had initially successful dilatation followed by abrupt reclosure of the vessel. The mortality rate with emergency CABG was 6.4%, and nonfatal Ml occurred in 41% of patients, with Q waves developing in approximately 60% of patients with MI. However, 53% of patients managed with emergency CABG for severe ischemic events with PTCA did not have evidence of MI or die and had an uncomplicated postoperative course. No baseline clinical predictors of emergency surgery were identified. Lesion eccentricity was associated with a significant increase in frequency of emergency operation, and the incidence of emergency surgery declined with increasing experience with PTCA.
Latin cubes orthogonal to their transposes a ternary analogue of stein quasigroups

In [3], S. K. Stein pointed out that the latin square which is the multiplication table of a quasigroup satisfying the identity x ( x y ) = y x is orthogonal to its transpose. We wish to illustrate in this note the analogous situation for higher dimensions. We restrict ourselves to dimension three but similar examples can be found for other dimensions and for other quasigroup identities which yield latin squares orthogonal to some conjugate. By an k-skein (A, f ) we mean an algebra having a k-ary operation (xl , x2 .. . . . Xk) -~ f (xl, x 2 . . . . . Xk) such that if, in the equat ionf (x~, x 2 . . . . . Xk)= Xk+ l, any k of the x t are given, then the remaining element is uniquely determined. A 2-skein is a quasigroup. Let (A, f t ) , t = l , 2 ..... k be k k-skeins on the set A = { l , 2,..., n}. Their operation tables will be latin hypercubes of dimension k on the set {l, 2, 3 ..... n} and will be k-orthogonal if the n k ordered k-triples ( f l ( i l , i 2 ..... in) , f2(il, i 2 ..... in) . . . . . fk( i l , i2 . . . . . i,)), i~, i 2 .. . . . i ,~A, are distinct. This notion is mentioned in Jurkat and Ryser [1 ] and discussed at some length in Silverman [2]. For k = 2, we have the usual orthogonality of two latin squares. From now on we will restrict ourselves to 3-skeins and call their operation tables latin cubes. These are n x n × n matrices with entries from {1, 2 ..... n} and such that every line in the cube is a permutation of {1, 2,..., n}. Consider the class of 3-skeins satisfying the identity (*)f (x, f (x, y, z), f (z, x, y)) = = f (y, z, x) for all x, y, z. Note that (*) is a ternary analogue of the quasigroup law x ( x y ) = y x , with cyclic permutations of x, y, z replacing the transposition of x, y.
Improving the solution accuracy of thin dielectric approximation with a vertical electric field component

The traditional thin dielectric sheet approximation (TDS) method models the electromagnetic scattering by thin dielectric sheet using surface integral equation. In this approximation, only the tangential current within the dielectric sheet is considered, and the vertical component is ignored. This article proposes a method that uses the volume integral equation solution to predict the vertical volume current and hence to improve the overall solution accuracy. The formulation is based on the hybrid surface (SIE) and volume integration equation (VIE) in which, the thin dielectric is modeled with SIE, and the thin layers are modeled by VIE. It is shown that the inclusion of the vertical current component does not increase memory and solution time. Numerical examples will be provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach. © Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 1978–1982, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23518
Cardiac effects of beta-adrenoceptor blockade with intrinsic sympathomimetic activity during submaximal exercise.

1 β-adrenoceptor blocking agents with intrinsic sympathomimetic activity (ISA) are characterized by lesser depression of cardiac performance during low levels of sympathetic stimulation than β-adrenoceptor blocking agents lacking ISA. Studies of the effects of ISA on cardiac output and on the determinants of myocardial oxygen demand during submaximal exercise are described and distinct differences between β-adrenoceptor antagonists with and without ISA emerge. 2 At doses which produce similar effects on maximal exercise heart rate, and resting and exercise systolic blood pressure, pindolol, a β-adrenoceptor blocking agent with substantial ISA, allows a higher submaximal exercise cardiac output and submaximal heart rate × systolic blood pressure product than does propranolol, a β-adrenoceptor antagonist without ISA. 3 These findings may have clinical relevance in specific groups of patients such as those with arterial hypertension, where the preservation of cardiac function may allow for a more physiologic exercise response. Implications in patients with coronary artery disease and chronic heart failure await further study.
Effects of token reinforcement in a therapeutic camp.

Token reinforcement was employed as a behavior modification technique in a therapeutic camping environment. The results suggest that token reinforcement can affect crying and aggressive behavior.
GWAS Integrator: a bioinformatics tool to explore human genetic associations reported in published genome-wide association studies

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have successfully identified numerous genetic loci that are associated with phenotypic traits and diseases. GWAS Integrator is a bioinformatics tool that integrates information on these associations from the National Human Genome Research institute (NHGRI) Catalog, SNAP (SNP Annotation and Proxy Search), and the Human Genome Epidemiology (HuGE) Navigator literature database. This tool includes robust search and data mining functionalities that can be used to quickly identify relevant associations from GWAS, as well as proxy single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and potential candidate genes. Query-based University of California Santa Cruz (UCSC) Genome Browser custom tracks are generated dynamically on the basis of users' selected GWAS hits or candidate genes from HuGE Navigator literature database (http://www.hugenavigator.net/HuGENavigator/gWAHitStartPage.do). The GWAS Integrator may help enhance inference on potential genetic associations identified from GWAS studies.
LABORATORY STUDIES OF THE DEPOSITION OF ALKALI SULFATE VAPORS FROM COMBUSTION GASES USING A FLASH-EVAPORATION TECHNIQUE†

A relatively simple experimental technique is proposed and demonstrated for making measurements of absolute dewpoints and relative deposition rates from flowing combustion gases containing condensible inorganic vapors. The method involves first accumulating condensate on a Pt ribbon target maintained below the dewpoint and then flash-evaporating the condensate into the filament wake, where its alkali content is monitored by alkali-atom emission spectroscopy. The advantages of the method over others are demonstrated; in particular, the method can detect liquid condensate inventories which are small enough to be negligibly influenced by surface runoff produced by gas-side shear stress and liquid condensate surface tension gradients. Illustrative Na2SO4 and K2SO4 deposition rate data and corresponding dewpoint data obtained in a series of alkali-seeded propane/air atmospheric flames are presented and discussed.
Diet and the distribution of environmental impact

Abstract This paper examines the relationship between scale and distribution issues. It is argued that since achieving a sustainable scale requires economic activity to stay within biophysical limits, considerations of equity should not be limited to the distribution of monetary measures such as income, but should include the distribution of scarce environmental services as well. In order to make this point this paper examines how differences in diet across populations lead to inequality in the distribution of environmental impact. First, the distribution of food consumption across the world’s population is examined using national data. Next, ecological footprints are estimated in order to ascertain how differences in diet affect the distribution of environmental impact. The results show that the meat-intensive diet enjoyed by many in the industrialized world leads to a greater degree of inequality in the use of environmental services than is apparent from examination of the distribution of food consumption across countries.
Dectin‐1 mediates macrophage recognition of Candida albicans yeast but not filaments

The ability of Candida albicans to rapidly and reversibly switch between yeast and filamentous morphologies is crucial to pathogenicity, and it is thought that the filamentous morphology provides some advantage during interaction with the mammalian immune system. Dectin-1 is a receptor that binds β-glucans and is important for macrophage phagocytosis of fungi. The receptor also collaborates with Toll-like receptors for inflammatory activation of phagocytes by fungi. We show that yeast cell wall β-glucan is largely shielded from Dectin-1 by outer wall components. However, the normal mechanisms of yeast budding and cell separation create permanent scars which expose sufficient β-glucan to trigger antimicrobial responses through Dectin-1, including phagocytosis and activation of reactive oxygen production. During filamentous growth, no cell separation or subsequent β-glucan exposure occurs, and the pathogen fails to activate Dectin-1. The data demonstrate a mechanism by which C. albicans shape alone directly contributes to the method by which phagocytes recognize the fungus.
The social‐cognitive development of adolescents: Implications for the teaching of speech

Current research into the social‐cognitive development of adolescents can and should be applied to the teaching of speech. This essay outlines four major characteristics of adolescent social‐cognitive development: (1) the transition from concrete to formal operational thought, (2) adolescent egocentrism, (3) peer group identification, and (4) moral relativism and autonomy. These characteristics are shown to affect the adolescent's ability to understand communication concepts and to deal with the classroom audience and particular types of topics, assignments, or exercises. From this, implications are drawn concerning the intellectual and social structuring of the secondary curriculum in terms of the adolescent student.
Menopausal Symptom Experience of Hispanic Midlife Women in the United States

Using a feminist approach, we examined the menopausal symptom experience of Hispanic midlife women in the United States This was a qualitative online forum study among 27 Hispanic midlife women in the United States. Seven topics related to menopausal symptom experience were used to administer the 6-month online forum. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Four themes were identified: (a) "Cambio de vida (change of life)," (b) "being silent about menopause," (c) "trying to be optimistic," and (d) "getting support." More in-depth studies with diverse groups of Hispanic women are needed while considering family as a contextual factor.
The Literary Content of Children's Responses to Poetry

Abstract Children from 34 classrooms, grades one through four, across the United States commented on their reasons for liking or disliking eight different poems. A literary analysis instrument was used to analyze their comments as to focus—history, author, structure, ideas and feelings—and level of thought involved—Knowledge, Interpretation, Application and Judgement. Chi Square analysis revealed a number of statistically significant associations which should provide helpful information to teachers and those professionals who develop educational materials.
Polymorphism of the leghemoglobin gene in Phaseolus demonstrated by polymerase chain reaction amplification

Genetic variance within Phaseolus vulgaris or among Phaseolus species for leghemoglobin composition may be useful in breeding for enhanced nitrogen fixation. Using primers constructed from conserved regions of the leghemoglobin gene, polymerase chain reaction was used to specifically amplify the Lba gene in total DNA samples from 17 lines and 10 species of Phaseolus. These primers are 100% homologous with the 5′- and 3′-ends of the leghemoglobin-encoding genes Lba of Phaseolus vulgaris, Lbc2 and Lbc3 of Glycine max, and 90% homologous to the G. max Lba gene. With one exception, only a single band was amplified using this approach with DNA isolated from 11 species of Phaseolus. The species of Phaseolus used in these experiments can be grouped into six classes based on the size of the amplified product which corresponded to their presumed genetic relatedness. Arranged in decreasing order by size these classes are: (1) Phaseolus lunatus and Phaseolus polystacius; (2) Phaseolus anisotrichus; (3) Phaseolus acutifolius, Phaseolus filiformis, Phaseolus angustissimus acc. # 16, and Phaseolus oligospermus; (4) Phaseolus angustissimus acc # 166, which had two major bands; (5) Phaseolus polyanthus, Phaseolus microspermus, and Phaseolus coccineus; and (6) Phaseolus vulgaris. No significant heterogeneity of amplified product within Phaseolus vulgaris was observed among 12 lines examined, but heterogeneity was observed between lines within Phaseolus acutifolius and Phaseolus angustissimus. Polymerase chain reaction amplification of conserved genes may be a useful method to facilitate the introgression of desirable genes from wild and exotic germplasm.
Trigeminal ganglion cells cocultured with gut express vasoactive intestinal peptide

Abstract The plasticity of neural crest cells for the expression of adrenergic and cholinergic transmitter phenotypes has been well studied. The object of this study was to determine if cells of a sensory ganglion are capable of neuropeptide transmitter plasticity. We studied whether cells of the trigeminal ganglion, which do not express the neuropeptide vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) in vivo , would express this peptide when grown with a tissue, the gut, that contains large numbers of VIP neurons. Embryonic aneural chick rectum was explanted with the embryonic quail trigeminal ganglion on the chorioallantoic membrane of chick hosts for 7–8 days. The explants were fixed, sectioned, and stained for VIP immunoreactivity (IR), for neurofilament protein immunoreactivity, and for the quail nucleolar marker. In sections of the explants we observed two populations of quail neurons: small (10–13 μm) VIP-IR cells and large (25–32 μm) cells lacking VIP-IR and resembling native trigeminal neurons. Trigeminal ganglia explanted with embryonic heart or trigeminal ganglia explanted alone lacked small VIP-IR cells but contained large VIP-negative neurons. These results show that cells of the trigeminal ganglion grown with the gut can express a neuropeptide they do not express in the absence of the gut or in vivo . Thus the embryonic trigeminal ganglion contains cells that are plastic with respect to neuropeptide expression.
Cytomegalovirus reinfection in young children

Abstract OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency of reinfection with new cytomegalovirus (CMV) strains in children in group child-care environments. METHODS: Ninety-two CMV strains isolated serially from children attending child care centers were analyzed. Strains were obtained from 1986 to 1994, from 37 children attending one of six centers in the area of Cedar Rapids and Iowa City, Iowa. The CMV isolates were analyzed by a polymerase chain reaction-based algorithm using primers for the a-sequence, glycoprotein B, and major immediate early (MIE) genes of human CMV. The a-sequence polymerase chain reaction products were compared on the basis of size, and products derived from glycoprotein B and MIE genes were compared according to restriction fragment length polymorphisms. RESULTS: Children were between 8 months and 5 years 7 months of age at the time of CMV isolation. The number of isolates ranged from 2 to 6 per child, and the intervals between the first and last CMV isolation ranged from 11 weeks to more than 3 years. At least 7 (19%) of the 37 children had evidence of infection with more than one CMV strain. In six of these children, reinfection with distinct strains was confirmed by analysis of the MIE gene products of sequential CMV strains. CONCLUSIONS: Children who attend child care centers, like adults who are immunosuppressed or have multiple sexual partners, are at risk of being reinfected with distinct CMV strains. (J PEDIATR 1996;128:347-52)
Observation of Prompt Single Muons and Dimuons in Hadron-Nucleus Collisions at 200 GeV/ c

We trigger a large-acceptance spectrometer by single muons and observe any additional muons with good efficiency. The effect of $\ensuremath{\pi}$ and $K$ decays is subtracted to obtain the prompt muon signal in the kinematic region $0.1lxl0.4$ and ${p}_{T}l1.0$ GeV/c. We find 0.7 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.2 of all prompt $\ensuremath{\mu}'\mathrm{s}$ are produced in pairs; the $\frac{\ensuremath{\mu}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}$ ratio decreases with $x$ but increases with ${p}_{T}$, averaging 3 \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}5}$.
Increasing the Responsiveness of Alcoholics to Group Therapy: An Interpersonal Problem-Solving Approach.

Treatment programs which have been developed for alcoholics have varied widely in therapeutic approach. These programs have included various combinations and permutations of such components as hypnosis, LSD, Disulfiram, individual and/or group therapies of varying types (psychoanalytic, psychodynamic, behavioral), marital counseling, vocational counseling, Alcoholics Anonymous meetings, occupational therapy, recreational therapy, and physical exercise. While each program selects and mixes these treatment elements in different ways, group therapy is perhaps the one component that appears most often as part of the overall treatment package. Since group therapy is so popular in alcoholic treatment programs, one might expect that its effectiveness and the factors which affect outcome have been identified and well documented in the professional literature. Unfortunately, this is not the case. The first major problem which one encounters in the literature is that what is meant by group therapy is often not made clear. While countless articles report on the outcome of particular treatment programs which include group therapy, very few include any details describing the process or the therapy approach utilized. It is as if "group therapy" with alcoholics is expected to have some standard meaning. In fact, however, group therapies can differ widely in both form and impact. Ends and Page (1957) conducted one of the few comparative studies of group therapies with alcoholics and their results suggested that the client-centered (Rogerian) or analytic approaches had more therapeutic impact with clients than did a learning theory approach. While one may dispute such a conclusion, the study did serve a valuable role in that it established that different approaches to group therapy can result in different patterns of client
Functional T1ρ Imaging in Panic Disorder

Background Abnormal brain pH has been suggested to play a critical role in panic disorder. To investigate this possibility, we employed a pH-sensitive magnetic resonance (MR) imaging strategy (T1 relaxation in the rotating frame [T1ρ]) and conventional blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) imaging. Methods Thirteen panic disorder participants and 13 matched control subjects were enrolled in the study. T1ρ and BOLD were used to study the functional response to a visual flashing checkerboard and their relationship to panic symptoms assessed using the Beck Anxiety Inventory. Results In response to visual stimulation, T1ρ imaging revealed a significantly greater increase in the visual cortex of panic disorder participants. T1ρ also detected a stimulus-evoked decrease in the anterior cingulate cortex. Blood oxygen level-dependent imaging detected no functional differences between groups. The correspondence between panic symptoms and functional T1ρ response identified significant relationships within the left inferior parietal lobe, left middle temporal gyrus, and right insula. No relationships were found between panic symptoms and the BOLD signal. Conclusions The data suggest greater activity-evoked T1ρ changes in the visual cortex and anterior cingulate cortex of panic disorder participants. These observations are consistent with a pH dysregulation in panic disorder. In addition, our data suggest that T1ρ imaging may provide information about panic disorder that is distinct from conventional BOLD imaging and may reflect abnormalities in pH and/or brain metabolism.
A fault diagnosis algorithm for asymmetric modular architectures

Pertains to the analysis of an algorithm for the automatic fault diagnosis of asymmetric modular networks.
Lipid-Protein Particles: Isolation from Seeds of Gossypium hirsutum

Subcellular particles were isolated from cottonseed by tanning of the cell contents followed by differential centrifugation. The particles, high in protein content and containing approximately 28 and 44 percent lipids, are thought to be the site of oil storage and lipid synthesis.
Social deprivation and play in rats.

Social interaction (play fighting) was studied in socially housed and individually housed juvenile rats (18–30 days of age). Pinning (an animal on its back, with the other on top) proved to be a simple measure of play which correlated highly with other measures of playful behavior (solicitive behaviors, following, rough-and-tumble play, and together-time measures). Play behaviors were markedly increased by social deprivation and reduced by social satiation. The results suggest that social play is a regulated process which can be easily quantified by the simple and objective measure of pinning behavior.
Cardiac structure and function in renovascular hypertension produced by unilateral and bilateral renal artery stenosis

Abstract To evaluate cardiovascular status in human renovascular hypertension, quantitative echocardiographic findings were compared in 42 patients with arteriographically documented renovascular hypertension and 46 age- and sex-matched patients with essential hypertension. Left ventricular (LV) fractional shortening, a measure of systolic performance at rest, was subnormal (less than 26%) in 8 of 42 renovascular hypertensive patients (19%), 0 of 42 essential hypertensive patients (p
Elder Abuse: Risk Factors and Use of Case Data to Improve Policy and Practice

Countering the generally reactive community approach to prevention and treatment of elder abuse, this study employs analysis of local elder abuse case data to estimate the incidence of elder abuse, neglect, and exploitation and to measure the risk factors, including co-location of other forms of abuse, that predict elder abuse in Miami-Dade County, Florida. The authors also compare the model of intervention used in Florida and elsewhere to best practice models that incorporate elements of domestic violence treatment models. They present a series of specific recommendations for improving local abuse data-collection, analysis, and training so that local policy makers, planners, and practitioners can make proactive, community-specific, culturally-sensitive preventive efforts effective. The findings and recommendations have direct relevance for policy and practice in any community in the United States.
Media on Death and Dying

An annotated list of films, tapes and other instructional aids appropriate for death education courses is provided. A broad range of topics and approaches concerned with death is encompassed.
Oxidation-reduction reactions of cytochrome b6 in a liposome-incorporated cytochrome b6-f complex

Abstract The chloroplast cytochrome b 6 - f complex, incorporated into phospholipid vesicles, shows proton translocation with an observed H + e − ratio of ~2. The oxidation-reduction behavior of cytochrome b 6 during electron transport from duroquinol to plastocyanin is affected by incorporation. The most obvious effect of incorporation is an increase in the duration of a steady-state level of cytochrome b 6 that persists during electron transport. Reagents that decrease activity increase the duration of the steady state while reagents that stimulate activity decrease this time. Uncoupling conditions yield cytochrome kinetics similar to those in the unincorporated complex. 2,5-Dibromo-3-methyl-6-isopropyl- p -benzoquinone and 5- n -undecyl-4,7-dioxobenzothiazole inhibited reduction of cytochrome b 6 in the incorporated complex, but this apparent inhibition was due to a rapid oxidation of the cytochrome by these compounds.
Retention of phytohemagglutinin with carboxyterminal tetrapeptide KDEL in the nuclear envelope and the endoplasmic reticulum

Soluble proteins that reside in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum are known to have at their carboxyterminus the tetrapeptides KDEL or HDEL. In yeast and mammalian cells, these tetrapeptides function as endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-retention signals. To determine the effect of an artificially-introduced KDEL sequence at the exact carboxyterminus of a plant secretory protein, we modified the gene of the vacuolar protein phytohemagglutinin-L (PHA) so that the amino-acid sequence would end in LNKDEL rather than LNKIL, and expressed the modified gene in transgenic tobacco with a seed-specific promoter. Analysis of the glycans of PHA showed that most of the control PHA had one endoglycosidase H-sensitive and one endoglycosidase H-resistant glycan, indicating that it had been processed in the Golgi complex. On the other hand, a substantial portion of the PHA-KDEL (about 75% at mid-maturation and 50% in mature seeds) had two endoglycosidase H-sensitive glycans. Phytohemagglutinin with two endoglycosidase H-sensitive glycans is normally found in the ER. Using immunocytochemistry we found that a substantial portion of the PHA-KDEL was present in the ER or accumulated in the nuclear envelope while the remainder was found in the protein storage vacuoles (protein bodies). We interpret these data to indicate that carboxyterminal KDEL functions as an ER retention-retardation signal and causes protein to accumulate in the nuclear envelope as well as in the ER. The incomplete ER retention of this protein which is modified at the exact carboxyterminus may indicate that structural features other than carboxyterminal KDEL are important if complete ER retention is to be achieved. Mention of trademark, proprietary product, or vendor, does not constitute a guarantee or warrenty of the product by the U.S. Department of Agriculture and does not imply its approval to the exclusion of other products or vendors that may also be suitable.
A Preorganized Active Site in the Crystal Structure of the Tetrahymena Ribozyme

Group I introns possess a single active site that catalyzes the two sequential reactions of self-splicing. An RNA comprising the two domains of the Tetrahymena thermophila group I intron catalytic core retains activity, and the 5.0 angstrom crystal structure of this 247-nucleotide ribozyme is now described. Close packing of the two domains forms a shallow cleft capable of binding the short helix that contains the 5' splice site. The helix that provides the binding site for the guanosine substrate deviates significantly from A-form geometry, providing a tight binding pocket. The binding pockets for both the 5' splice site helix and guanosine are formed and oriented in the absence of these substrates. Thus, this large ribozyme is largely preorganized for catalysis, much like a globular protein enzyme.
Phenotypic Diversity of Root Anatomical and Architectural Traits in Zea Species

We characterized phenotypic variation for root traits in 256 Zea spp. accessions, including maize landraces and Z. mays L. subsp. huehuetenangensis (H. H. Iltis & Doebley) Doebley, subsp. mexicana (Schrad.) H. H. Iltis, and subsp. parviglumis H. H. Iltis & Doebley, Z. nicaraguensis H. H. Iltis & B. F. Benz, Z. perennis (Hitchc.) reeves & Mangelsd., and Z. luxurians (Durieu & Asch.) r. M. Bird. Anatomical traits included areas of the cross-section, stele, cortex, aerenchyma, and xylem and number of cortical cells and cell files. Architectural traits included diameters of the nodal root system, individual crown roots, and the stem; numbers of seminal and nodal roots; biomass; and nodal root length and branching. r anges for anatomical traits were similar for teosintes and landraces, except for aerenchyma and xylem areas, and number of cortical cells. Landraces had greater variation for architectural traits except for nodal root number and branching, and had larger mean stele and xylem areas, longer nodal roots, wider nodal systems, and more seminal roots than teosintes. In contrast, teosintes were smaller but had more nodal roots with greater branching. At a common plant size, teosintes would have lower mean values for all anatomical traits, except for number of cortical cells and cell files. Teosintes had greater scaled values for all architectural traits except average root diameter. Cluster analysis divided accessions into eight root phenotypes. phenotypic diversity for root traits in the genus Zea could be a valuable resource for improving stress tolerance in maize.
Effects of 'calcium ionophore' X537A on frog skeletal muscle.

CALCIUM ions are critically involved in the cholinergic neuromuscular transmission process. Presynaptically, Ca2+ is required in transmitter release1 while postsynaptically, it plays a role in acetylcholine-receptor kinetics2. Furthermore, Ca2+ sets off a chain of physicochemical events which leads to muscle contraction3.
ACCULTURATION AND LATINO ADOLESCENTS’ SUBSTANCE USE: A RESEARCH AGENDA FOR THE FUTURE

This paper conducts a review of the literature on acculturation by Latino adolescents to traditional European-American cultural values and its effect on their substance-using behaviors. This review includes a critical analysis of studies that examine the effects of acculturation on the mental wellbeing of Latino adolescents. Recent findings documenting the association between acculturation and substance use among Latino adolescents are discussed. This paper also examines the limitations of the current research and proposes the development of acculturation scales that focus on measuring the role that predominant Latino and American values, attitudes, and norms play in the substance-use behavior of Latino adolescents. Additionally, the author proposes the development of a conceptual framework that accounts for the impact of acculturation-related stress and the mitigating factors affecting such stress on the substance-use behavior of Latino adolescents. The author asserts that understanding the effects of acculturation-related stress and accompanying mitigating factors could begin to explain the increasingly high rates of substance use reported for Latino adolescents. There is a discussion of research gaps and related research issues, and recommendations for future research are also made.
β-adrenergic receptors in rat skeletal muscle effects of thyroidectomy

Abstract Thyroid hormones may participate in the regulation of β-adrenergic receptors in skeletal muscle sarcolemmal membrane. Since skeletal muscles are not innervated by sympathetic nerve endings, the biochemical mechanism involved in the control of β-adrenergic receptors by thyroid hormones appears to be mediated by thyroid-induced regulation of serum levels of catecholamines.
Foundry mask shop in Taiwan

Foundry maskshop is deemed to be one of the major contributors to the success of a wafer foundry fab. Our maskshop has two unique features. First, we have highly automated information cross-flow between the wafer fab and maskshop. Second, we develop mask technology together with photolithography technology in wafer fabs.