cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Is disruption theory wearing new clothes or just naked? Analyzing recent critiques of disruptive innovation theory

The disruptive innovation theory of Clayton Christensen was heavily criticized in an article in The New Yorker magazine by Jill Lepore. Her article evaluated Christensen’s research methodology and analysis and found both lacking. Lepore’s criticisms identified several symptoms of problems within the research, but stopped short of presenting root causes. This article looks at Lepore’s criticisms and diagnoses three root causes for the symptoms recognized by Lepore: a lack of an adequately constrained definition of the term disruptive innovation; a failure to identify and maintain a consistent unit of analysis in the research; and a failure to account adequately for managerial agency. This article then discusses solutions to these issues and how scholars might move research into disruptive innovation forward.
Review of in situ derivatization techniques for enhanced bioanalysis using liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry

Accurate and specific analysis of target molecules in complex biological matrices remains a significant challenge, especially when ultra-trace detection limits are required. Liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry is often the method of choice for bioanalysis. Conventional sample preparation and clean-up methods prior to the analysis of biological fluids such as liquid-liquid extraction, solid-phase extraction, or protein precipitation are time-consuming, tedious, and can negatively affect target recovery and detection sensitivity. An alternative or complementary strategy is the use of an off-line or on-line in situ derivatization technique. In situ derivatization can be incorporated to directly derivatize target analytes in their native biological matrices, without any prior sample clean-up methods, to substitute or even enhance the extraction and preconcentration efficiency of these traditional sample preparation methods. Designed appropriately, it can reduce the number of sample preparation steps necessary prior to analysis. Moreover, in situ derivatization can be used to enhance the performance of the developed liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry-based bioanalysis methods regarding stability, chromatographic separation, selectivity, and ionization efficiency. This review presents an overview of the commonly used in situ derivatization techniques coupled to liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry-based bioanalysis to guide and to stimulate future research.
A Review of “Reference and Information Services: An Introduction”

No two people could be expert in every aspect of reference services, so the authors have wisely consulted an editorial advisory board and drafted three subject experts to write chapters on Readers’...
An Investigation of the Atomic Structure of Cataract-Forming Mutant Gamma-D-Crystallin Aggregates Formed under Distinct Environmental Conditions

Human gamma-D-crystallin (HGD) is an extremely soluble (>400mg/mL in vivo) and stable protein that under certain conditions succumbs to protein aggregation, which is associated with cataract formation. Cataracts are the leading cause of blindness globally. Both environmental and genetic factors enable cataract formation by disrupting the solubility of HGD. Several chemical modifications are thought to be linked to loss of solubility and precipitation of HGD. The P23T mutant of HGD is genetically linked to three distinct congenital cataracts. It is crucial to develop a mechanistic understanding of how the reduced solubility of P23T HGD is caused by chemical and/or structural changes. We performed structural and chemical analyses on aggregated or aggregation-prone HGD to gain a molecular understanding of the aggregation mechanism, as well as the nature and location of chemical modifications.We find P23T HGD is aggregation prone, but forms qualitatively different aggregates as a function of the environmental conditions. Among other factors, we examined the impact of pH and UV irradiation on aggregation and evaluated the resulting aggregates by Electron Microscopy (EM), X-ray powder diffraction, Mass Spectrometry (MS), and multidimensional magic-angle-spinning (MAS) solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR). Distinct conformations of HGD were observed in the aggregated state by X-ray powder diffraction and EM, and chemical changes were observed by MS. Through comparison to the NMR chemical shifts of the protein in the soluble and aggregated states, we identified structural changes in a residue and site-specific fashion. Our data reveal that aggregation conditions not only affect the macroscopic appearance of the aggregates, but also have a dramatic impact on the aggregates’ internal atomic structure. Therefore, distinct molecular mechanisms for crystallin aggregation exist.
Investigating the Syllabus as a Defining Document.

The following study is part of a larger study exploring reading identity in students who were placed into a mandatory developmental reading class because of low scores on college placement exams. Sociocultural theories of learning framed the qualitative study. Although the larger study addressed two overarching questions related to reading identity (how students placed in the developmental education class described themselves as readers, and how students’ in-school and out-of-school literacy practices affected their perceptions of themselves as readers), this smaller portion of the study examined the relationship between the course syllabus and students’ perceptions of themselves as readers. I analyzed the data using document analysis and grounded theory methods. Data analysis revealed that the course syllabus often mirrored participants’ notions that good readers have a specific set of “reading skills,” such as a large vocabulary or the ability to quickly read and understand a text. The narrow definition...
Cover-seeking Behavior in Juvenile and Adult Crayfish, Orconectes Rusticus: Effects of Darkness and Thigmotactic Cues

ABSTRACT The cover-seeking behavior of juvenile and adult crayfish, Orconectes rusticus. was examined in relation to the relative importance of darkness and thigmotactic cues. Crayfish (N = 12 per experiment) were observed in individual aquaria 5 times per day, with at least 30 min between observations, for a 3-day period. Their positions were recorded as either within or outside the provided cover(s). When presented with a choice between a clear thigmotactic cover or open area (Experiment Ia), adult crayfish were observed in the cover significantly more often. Juvenile crayfish were observed in the open area significantly more often, but burrowed into the gravel to provide a measure of darkness (shadow) and tactile sensation. Experiment Ib presented crayfish with a choice between a dark thigmotactic cover and an open area; both adults and juveniles were observed in the cover significantly more than in the open area. In Experiment II, crayfish were given a simultaneous choice among a clear thigmotactic cover, a dark thigmotactic cover, and open area. Both age groups were observed in the dark cover more often than the other 2 conditions and were never observed in the clear cover. Although a clear cover was acceptable to adult crayfish (Experiment Ia), it was not acceptable to juveniles. Adults appeared to prefer dark cover to clear cover; juveniles altered their environment to provide shadowed cover, rather than utilize a clear cover. Thus, juveniles also appear to prefer "darkness" and will alter their environment accordingly. In Experiment III, crayfish were given a simultaneous choice among: a reduced-thigmotactic dark cover; a clear thigmotactic cover; and open area. Adults chose the large dark cover significantly more than the open area, but not significantly more than the clear thigmotactic cover. Adults that used the clear thigmotactic cover pulled gravel into their shelters, thus providing a measure of darkness. Juveniles chose the large dark cover significantly more than either the clear thigmotactic cover or the open area. Darkness appears to be the controlling factor in cover-seeking of juveniles; adults will modify cover providing only thigmotactic cues when dark thigmotactic cover is absent. Darkness plus thigmotactic cues, however, is the most preferred cover for both age groups.
Focused exhumation in the syntaxis of the western Chugach Mountains and Prince William Sound, Alaska

The western Chugach Mountains and Prince William Sound are located in a syntaxial bend, which lies above flat-slab subduction of the Yakutat microplate and inboard of the Yakutat collision zone of southern Alaska. The syntaxis is characterized by arcuate fault systems and steep, high topography, which suggest focused uplift and exhumation of the accretionary prism. We examined the exhumation history with low-temperature thermochronometry of 42 samples collected across the region. These new apatite (U-Th)/He, apatite fission-track, zircon (U-Th)/He, and zircon fission-track ages, combined with ages from surrounding regions, show a bull’s-eye pattern, with the youngest ages focused on the western Chugach syntaxis. The ages have ranges of ca. 10–4 Ma, ca. 35–11 Ma, ca. 33–25 Ma, and ca. 44–27 Ma, respectively. The youngest ages are located on the south (windward) side of the Chugach Mountains and just north of the Contact fault. Sequentially higher closure temperature systems are nested across Prince William Sound in the south, the Chugach Mountains, and the Talkeetna Mountains to the north. Computed exhumation rates typically are 0.2 mm/yr across Prince William Sound, increase abruptly to ∼0.7 mm/yr across and adjacent to the Contact fault system, and decrease to ∼0.4 mm/yr north of the core of the Chugach Mountains. The abrupt age and exhumation rate changes centered on the Contact fault system suggest that it may be a critical structural system for facilitating rock uplift. Our data are most consistent with Yakutat flat-slab subduction starting in the Oligocene, and since then ∼11 km of rock uplift north of the Contact fault and ∼4–5 km of rock uplift in Prince William Sound to the south. These data are consistent with a deformation model where the western Chugach core has approached long-term exhumational steady state, though exhumation rates have probably increased in the last ∼5 m.y. We interpret that rock uplift in the overriding wedge has been driven dominantly by underplating, with long-term vertical displacement concentrated at the southern edge of the Chugach Mountains and centered on the Contact fault system. Though our data do not unequivocally differentiate between Pliocene tectonic- or climate-related causes for increased exhumation in the last ∼5 m.y., we interpret the increased rates to be due to increased influx of underplated sediments that are derived from erosion in the Saint Elias orogen collision zone.
New Materials for Hydrophone Applications- Single Crystals and Polar Glass-Ceramics

Hydrostatic piezoelectric strain coefficients dh (~10 pC/N) and voltage coefficients gh (80–100×10-3 V m/N) on single crystals of Ba2TiSi2O8, Ba2TiGe2O8 have been measured as a function of temperature, pressure, and frequency. The values are found to be comparable to those of the state of the art piezoelectric PVDF polymers. Measurements are also made on the glass-ceramics in the compositions of BaO–TiO2–SiO2 and some isostructural materials compositions in the system BaO–TiO2–GeO2. The typical values of the piezoelectric constants of glass ceramics are almost on the order of those obtained on the respective single crystal samples. Glass-ceramics provide a promising way of achieving the larger area samples needed for various piezoelectric devices.
Applying Intersubjectivity for Professional Development

This is an intersubjective review of Loewen, G. V. (2012). Hermeneutic Pedagogy: Teaching and learning as dialogue and interpretation. Alcoa, TN, USA. Old Moon Academic Press. The four authors of the review used a reflective-reflexive, dialogic process to interpret and analyze Loewen’s text. Their review is presented in a dialogue format that resulted after analyzing a much longer set of narrative data.[1][1] Editorial Note: This is a very unusual review! There are four points of interest that make this review an interesting read. The first one concerns the subject of the review: the book on hermeneutics. The second point is the form of the review: it is dialogue between the authors presented in its development. The third point of interest is the personal nature of the contents: the authors masterly show how their work on the review of the book penetrates their lives thus showing the real life with its changes, happiness, sadness, struggles and tribulations. The last point of interest that makes this review worth to be read is the pioneering character of the work behind this review. Glenda Moss used this review as a tool for professional development for the colleagues in her department. In my humble opinion, this review is the result of the very courageous, pioneering and inspirational work! (Mikhail Gradovski)
Addendum: Multiple Regression Analyses of the Relationship between Structure and Inhibitory Effects of a Series of Substituted O-Phenyl-DL-homoserines on Adenosine Triphosphate:L-Methionine S-Adenosyltransferase

The correlation among the inhibitory potencies for rat liver ATP:L-methionine S -adenosyltransferase of a series of 11 substituted O -phenyl-DL-homoserines and various Hammett σ and Hansch π coefficients has been examined. Regression analyses by the method of least squares gave the best correlation by the use of a linear combination of ordinary σ values and π values for phenoxyacetic acid derivatives. The analysis gave the linear free energy relationship p I 50 = 0.619π + 0.614σ + 1.62 for n = 11. The correlation coefficient of r = 0.989 inidicated that an almost complete correspondence of structural properties with potency was achieved
Economics and Theology: The Fundamental Common Problem

Economics has at least one problem in common with theological metaphysics, a situation which suggests, but does not prove, that economic reasoning tends necessarily to make assumptions comparable to those made by theology and therefore has an inexorable metaphysical character.
Capitalism is a Waste of Time: Utopia, Malthus and the Ideology of “No A Lternative”:

This paper argues that a now largely forgotten conversation between anarchist William Godwin and Thomas Malthus, and its legacy, has contemporary relevance for radicals attempting to combat the “no...
Conclusion: The Question Concerning Technology in Quantum Physics and Beyond

Chapter 7 suggests that the principles of quantum information theory, implicitly at work, as I have argued, already in Heisenberg’s discovery of quantum mechanics, may play a major role in the future of fundamental physics and principle thinking there. Heisenberg’s work and quantum information theory also share their “technological” nature in the broad sense of technology, as considered in Chap. 2 (Sect. 2.5). Indeed, which is the main theme of this conclusion, the question of quantum information and “the question concerning technology,” in Heidegger’s famous phrase, are deeply interconnected and may even be seen as one and the same question. For, the physics of quantum information is also the physics of the relationships between experimental and mathematical technology. All technology is essentially linked to information. Indeed, technology may be best defined as the means of obtaining information about systems, in the case of quantum systems, in the RWR-principle-based interpretations, as the means of generating information (classical in nature) through the interaction between quantum systems and the technology of measuring instruments. In this way, this conclusion brings together all of the main themes and fundamental principles discussed in this book.
Evaluation of citrinin toxicity on the immune functions of mice.

Citrinin, a nephrotoxic fungal metabolite produced by several species of Penicillium and Aspergillus , has been found to contaminate foods used by humans and animals. The present study investigated potential effects of this compound on the immune system. Male CD-1 mice received 0, 0.12, 0.6 or 3.0 mg of citrinin/kg i.p. every other day for 2-4 weeks. Food consumption and body or organ weights were not affected but kidneys were enlarged. Splenic cells from mice exposed to citrinin for 2 or 4 weeks were cultured with or without the mitogens, phytohemagglutinin (PHA), pokewecd mitogen (PWM) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Exposure to citrinin stimulated splenic lymphocyte proliferation. Antibody production by splenic cells in animals sensitized to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) increased in the two highest dose groups. Delayed hypersensitivity reaction, measured as a foot-pad swelling, in response to SRBC sensitization and subsequent challenge were not affected by citrinin treatment. In vitro addition of citrinin (>1 × 10-5M) to splenic lymphocytes was cytotoxic. These findings suggest that citrinin mildly stimulates the immune system but does not have consistent immunotoxic effects at the doses tested.
Effects of a Least-to-Most Prompting Procedure on Multisymbol Message Production in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder Who Use Augmentative and Alternative Communication.

Purpose In this study, we investigated the efficacy of a least-to-most (LTM) prompting procedure (Ault & Griffen, 2013; MacDuff, Krantz, & McClannahan, 2001; Neitzel & Wolery, 2009) for increasing use of multisymbol messages in school-age children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) who use augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) during a storybook reading activity. Method In the study, we used a single-subject, multiple-probe research design across participants (Kazdin, 1982) with 6 children (ages 8–12) with ASD and who used AAC systems for communication. There were 4 phases in this investigation: (a) baseline, (b) intervention, (c) generalization, and (d) maintenance. Results All participants exhibited a positive increase in multisymbol message production almost immediately upon introduction of the LTM prompting procedure. Conclusions The results of the investigation contribute important information on the efficacy of the LTM prompting procedure for teaching use of multisymbol messages to schoo...
Expert searching in the Google age, by Terry Ann Jankowski: Lanham, Maryland, Rowman & Littlefield, 2016, 102pp., $40.00 (paperback), ISBN 9781442239661

This slim volume is an introduction to the skills and theoretical concepts needed by librarians to become expert searchers, with a specific focus on health sciences. The book focuses on helping lib...
Examining consumer adoption and perception of Mobile Money in Ghana

This paper investigates the consumer perception of a new electronic financial service in Ghana, namely mobile money (MM). We analyse the relationships among five MM-related constructs, which are perceived ease of use (PEOU), perceived usefulness (PU), perceived mobile money security (PMMS), attitude (ATT), and intention to use (IU). Importantly, the impact of age, family income, and gender on the relationships among the five MM constructs has been studied using a multi-group analysis approach. We find that PEOU, PU, and PMMS are significant determinants of ATT in the MM market in Ghana when age, family income, gender are not considered. However, the relationships among the five constructs exhibit significant variations when age, family income, and gender are considered. We also find an evidence that the effects of age, family income, and gender on consumers' perception of, ATT towards, and intention of using MM are significant in Ghana. The results of this study provide more insights into the research on MM, thus helping the development of marketing strategies for the service.
Theory of ion pairs coupled by exchange interaction

Abstract The theory of the properties and magnetic behaviour of a system of two coupled spins is given. The coupling is of the most general linear exchange type, including asymmetric and anisotropic contributions. The system shows many properties of a weak ferromagnet when the interaction is predominantly antiferromagnetic. The energy level scheme, static and dynamic susceptibility. magnetic resonance, and the behaviour in the classical limit of large spins are studied in detail.
Multitime correlators in continuous measurement of qubit observables

We consider multitime correlators for output signals from linear detectors, continuously measuring several qubit observables at the same time. Using the quantum Bayesian formalism, we show that for unital (symmetric) evolution in the absence of phase backaction, an $N$-time correlator can be expressed as a product of two-time correlators when $N$ is even. For odd $N$, there is a similar factorization, which also includes a single-time average. Theoretical predictions agree well with experimental results for two detectors, which simultaneously measure noncommuting qubit observables.
Mind the Gap! The Challenges and Limits of (Global) Business Ethics

Though this paper acknowledges the progress made in business ethics over the past several decades, it focuses on the challenges and limits of global business ethics. It maintains that business ethicists have provided important contributions regarding the Evaluative, Embodiment, and Enforcement aspects of business ethics. Nevertheless, they have not sufficiently considered a fourth part of a theory of moral change, an Enactment theory, whereby the principles and values business ethicists have identified might actually be followed. Enactment theory argues that appeals to ethical leadership, moral imagination, and communicative participation have been insufficient to the task of closing the gap between what businesses do and what they ought to be doing. To address this problem, a theory of moral change focusing on the relations of power within which individuals and businesses operate needs to be developed. Drawing on the work of John Gaventa, the paper sketches some directions in which business ethics should proceed to help diminish this gap. The upshot is that business ethics needs greater connection with economic, social, and political theories. It also suggests that there are important limits to fostering the ethics of global business.
Chloroplast Gene Expression in Chloroplast Ribosome-Deficient Mutants of Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii

Nuclear and chloroplast mutants of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii that are deficient in chloroplast ribosomes can be isolated; these mutants have been useful for identifying genes involved in chloroplast ribosome biogenesis and for studying nuclear-chloroplast interactions (1–4). In this study we have used two such mutants, ac-u-h 2–17 and ac20crl, to investigate the effects of reduced protein synthesis on mRNA accumulation in the chloroplast. Strain ac20crl contains both the ac20 and crl nuclear mutations that affect chloroplast ribosomes (1,2); ac-u-h 2–17 is a chloroplast-derived mutant (3). The data indicate that chloroplast mRNA levels are independent of the rate of chloroplast protein synthesis. Thus, chloroplast transcription and translation are not tightly coordinated in vivo.
Subcellular structure modeling and tracking for cell dynamics study

The introduction of sensitive and fast electronic imaging devices and the development of biological methods to tag proteins of interest by green fluorescent proteins (GFP) have made a full understanding of live cell dynamics achievable. With the latest hardware technology, such as high speed laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM), it has now become critical to develop automatic quantitative data analysis tools to keep pace with and to fully exploit the functionalities of state-of-the-art hardware. One task of such tools is the motility analysis of subcellular structures. This dissertation provides a series of computational approaches for studying subcellular structure motility. Firstly, a semi-automatic single object tracking approach using sequential Monte Carlo (SMC) method is developed. To achieve reliable tracking, a flow of criterion for object feature selection, matching, and evaluation criteria are designed: a grid-based minimum variance (GMV) feature selection rule, a mean minimum to maximum ratio (MMMR) similarity measurement, and the feature evaluation tests by feature convergence ratio (FCVR) and feature consistence ratio (FCSR). Secondly, to handle complex scenario of multiple interacting subcellular structure motion, we apply reversible jump Markov chain Monte Carlo (RJMCMC) method to sample the distribution of the dimension varying joint state which is the combination of the states of multiple individual subcellular structures. Five RJMCMC moves are constructed, including object appear move, disappear move, update move, height swap move, and identity swap move. The evolution of each individual state in the joint state is sampled by the update move. In order to deal with the random appearance locations of subcellular structures, a marker residual image guided appearance model is proposed to detect the newly appearing object, and the appear move and the disappear move are applied to generate samples resulting from the new object appearance. To prevent the RJMCMC sampling from being trapped at the local maxima, the identity swap move is also constructed. The proposed RJMCMC SMC tracking approach is applied to numerous time-lapse LSCM video sequence tracking in both 2D+T and 3D+T domains. Finally, from a perspective different from the SMC framework, we model the multiple object tracking as a bipartite graph matching problem between the consecutive image frames. To save the possible high cost of graph matching, a Markov chain Monte Carlo data association (MCMCDA) method with deletion move, switch move, and addition move is developed to approximate the optimal solution.
On the mechanism of inhibition of intestinal alkaline phosphatase by L-phenylalanine. I. Kinetic studies.

Abstract The degree of inhibition of rat intestinal alkaline phosphatase by l-phenylalanine was highly pH-dependent and varied from 0 to 66% within a pH range of 7.8 to 10.4, exhibiting a peak at pH 9.2 and 8.7 for phenylphosphate and β-glycerophosphate, respectively. Vmax was also a function of pH with and without the inhibitor. Rat intestinal alkaline phosphatase exhibited maximum enzyme activity at pH 9.8 and 8.8 with substrates, phenylphosphate and β-glycerophosphate, respectively, in presence of the noninhibitor, d-phenylalanine. The corresponding pH optima in the presence of l-phenylalanine inhibitor were 10.2 and 9.3, respectively. This shift in optimum pH by the inhibitor was observed in systems containing carbonate-bicarbonate or borate buffers. The Michaelis constant was pH-dependent. The Dixon plot (pKm with respect to pH) showed one discontinuity at pH 8.6 for the free enzyme and another at pH 9.6 for the enzyme-phenylphosphate complex. The values for the energy of activation for the enzyme-catalyzed hydrolysis of phenylphosphate with and without l-phenylalanine were 18,000 and 6,000 calories per mole, respectively. The inhibition was greatly dependent on substrate and inhibitor concentrations, and was of the "uncompetitive" type, because the double reciprocal plots of velocity and substrate concentrations in the presence of four different concentrations of l-phenylalanine were all straight lines parallel to those obtained without the inhibitor, in both the cases of phenylphosphate and β-glycerophosphate. At this time, the kinetic data are interpreted as indicating either the formation of a thermodynamically stable enzyme-inhibitor-substrate complex which, in effect, reduces the concentration of enzyme-substrate complex available to decompose into products or the production of a weakly dissociable enzyme-inhibitor-substrate complex. These interpretations are relevant to the explanation of the stereo-specific, organ-specific inhibition of rat intestinal alkaline phosphatase by l-phenylalanine.
The Mirror of Transformation: Recognition and Its Dimensions After Honneth

The question of recognition, while a continuing theme in radical social theory, has never been fully addressed in terms of its transformative dimensions. As a process of encountering the other—and in more complex ways oneself—recognition provides an encounter that can be experienced and investigated at many levels: at one extreme, as a reading of embeddedness in the conventions of social presentation and role performance; at the other extreme, an opportunity to engage with levels of disguised or only partly conscious drives, meanings, and aspirations that are the product of tensions, oppositions, and alternatives regarding the existing social reality. Many novelists and thinkers, including the psychoanalyst Heinz Kohut, have offered pathways into these deeper dimensions, which for radical social theory become key constituents in framing the project of social transformation.
Pre- and post-pericardiocentesis echo-Doppler features of effusive-constrictive pericarditis compared with cardiac tamponade and constrictive pericarditis

Aims To review 2D and Doppler findings in patients diagnosed with effusive-constrictive pericarditis (ECP) and compare these to patients with cardiac tamponade and patients with surgically-proven constrictive pericarditis (CP). Methods and results We identified 22 patients diagnosed with ECP at Mayo Clinic, MN, USA between 2002 and 2016 who had persistent elevation of jugular venous pressure post-pericardiocentesis. We compared them to 30 patients with CP and 30 patients with cardiac tamponade who had normalization of venous pressure post-pericardiocentesis. All patients were in sinus rhythm. Mean age was 57 ± 18 years in the ECP group; 36% were females. Most ECP and cardiac tamponade cases were idiopathic (41% and 33%, respectively). Prior to pericardiocentesis, medial and lateral e' velocities were higher in ECP compared with tamponade; both ECP and tamponade patients had markedly decreased hepatic vein diastolic forward flow velocities. Inspiratory and expiratory mitral E/A ratios were higher in ECP compared with tamponade, but lower than those observed in CP. Post-pericardiocentesis, hepatic vein diastolic forward flow velocities increased in both ECP and tamponade. Hepatic vein diastolic reversal velocities decreased in tamponade but were unchanged in ECP. During median follow-up of 481 days, three patients required pericardiectomy for CP; they were all in the ECP group (14% of ECP cases). Conclusion ECP may have unique echo-Doppler features that distinguish it from both CP and tamponade. Our findings suggest that ECP could be diagnosed by echocardiography even prior to pericardiocentesis. ECP appears to have a good prognosis, particularly in patients presenting acutely.
Male attraction to female airborne cues by the net-casting spider, Deinopis spinosa.

Abstract For many animals, finding a mate can be a difficult task. For males, it often involves actively searching for conspecific females, sometimes over great distances. This mate-searching can be aided through chemical or visual signals or cues produced by sexually receptive females. Here, we investigate the roles of olfaction and vision in mate-searching in a strictly nocturnal net-casting spider, Deinopis spinosa. First, we used an olfactometer assay to determine if mature male D. spinosa respond to conspecific airborne cues. We found that mature males, but not mature females, were attracted to airborne cues of mature female conspecifics. We next investigated the relative importance of olfaction and vision in male mate-searching. While manipulating airflow and light levels in screened enclosures in the laboratory, we tested freely moving mature males for mate-searching success. We found no effect of our airflow treatment on mate-searching success. Light levels, however, affected mate-searching in an unexpected way - males were more likely to locate females in complete darkness when compared to dim-light conditions. Our results suggest that visual cues are not necessary for successful male mate-searching in D. spinosa, but that the visual environment can nonetheless influence male behavior. In summary, we provide evidence suggesting that airborne cues, but not visual cues, are important in D. spinosa male mate-searching efforts, though the source of these chemical airborne cues remains unknown.
Central tendency representation and exemplar matching in visual short-term memory

I address a recent extension of the generalized context model (GCM), a model which excludes prototypes, to the visual short-term memory (VSTM) literature, which is currently deluged with prototype effects. The paper includes a brief review whose aim is to discuss the background and key findings suggesting that prototypes have an obligatory influence on visual short-term memory responses in the same VSTM task that the GCM's random walk extension, EBRW, was extended to account for: Sternberg scanning. I present a new model that incorporates such "central tendency representations" in memory, as well as several other regularities of the literature, and compare its prediction and postdictions to those of the GCM on some unpublished Sternberg scanning data. The GCM cannot account for the pattern in those data without post hoc modifications but the pattern is predicted nicely by the central tendency representation model. Although the new model is certainly wrong, the review and modeling exercise suggest a reconsideration of prototype models may be warranted, at least in the VSTM literature.
Increased Operative Duration in Minimally Invasive Partial Nephrectomy Is Associated with Significantly Increased Risk of 30-Day Morbidity.

Abstract Introduction: Operative duration (OD) is associated with complications but has been poorly studied in minimally invasive partial nephrectomy (MIPN). We seek to examine the relationship bet...
Metabolism of Steroid and Amino Acid Moieties of Conjugated Bile Acids in Man: IV. Description and validation of a multicompartment model

A multicompartment model is described for the enterohepatic circulation of conjugated bile acids in man which encompasses bile acid synthesis, amino acid conjugation, bacterial deconjugation, hepatic reconjugation, and bacterial dehydroxylation. When the model was used to predict the fate of administered ring-labeled bile acid, there was good agreement between observed and calculated values. The model was also used to assess the validity of the customary single-compartment analysis of bile acid specific activity decay curves. The errors in estimates of pool size and synthesis rate were found to be small if the Lindstedt procedure was used (tracer administered as free bile acid and specific activity measurements made on combined conjugates of that acid). However, if tracer was given as a conjugated bile acid and the specific activity was determined on only that conjugate, the errors potentially were unacceptably large, especially if cholyltaurine was used. Several novel functions were defined for the enterohepatic circulation of conjugated bile acids, and these were used to derive equations describing biliary bile acid composition for both steroid and amino acid moiety in terms of hepatic and intestinal factors. The model should be of value for quantitative characterization of bile acid metabolism in health and disease.
Process system resilience: from risk management to business continuity and sustainability

In general, by competition, energy efficiency, reduced staff, etc. process safety and risk management challenges have increased with a heavier focus of public perception on risks globally. This has necessitated exploring tools for transition from the narrower to a broader approach with goals of business continuity and sustainability for risk management. The application of resilience engineering is being explored for considering the dynamics of socio-technical aspects. This paper presents the systems-based resilience approach for risk management in the process industry and provides a description of process system architecture, functional requirements, and life cycle stages. This paper introduces the process resilience analysis framework (PRAF) and its four aspects. As an example, the 2012 Chevron Richmond Refinery incident is reviewed, and relationship is established between resilience and sustainability. The conclusion is drawn that using PRAF strengthens the resilience capabilities of a process system to foster business continuity and sustainability.
Stress, Development, and Evolution in Coral Reef Communities

Attention to coral reef communities has increased as concerns about climate change have mounted. Integral to these reefs are colonial corals and their cnidarian relatives. Reef building depends on symbiosis with photosynthetic dinoflagellates. When environmental stress becomes extreme, these dinoflagellates are lost, and corals bleach. Symbiotic cnidarians thus return to their primitive, nonsymbiotic state. This symbiosis impacts all aspects of coral biology. Colony development begins with the formation of a primary polyp, which corresponds to development in unitary animals. The subsequent development of a colony, however, is without parallel in unitary animals and is particularly sensitive to input from environmental factors. These factors include water currents and patterns of food availability. For symbiotic cnidarians, availability of light has major impacts as well. Additionally, light functions in mechanisms of host-symbiont conflict mediation. Environmental signaling pathways are thus central to cnidarian development and result in considerable phenotypic plasticity. Plasticity poses challenges for the classification of corals. Modern molecular studies have revealed that well-known coral species are in some cases not distinct but rather either polymorphic or frequent hybridizers. At the same time, cryptic lineages—morphologically similar but genetically distinct—have been identified in other species. High levels of genetic polymorphism or reticulate evolution, or both, could have dramatic impacts on the availability of heritable variation in corals and hence their responsiveness to selection caused by climate change. These recent data suggest that much remains to be learned about the genetic and phenotypic plasticity of corals, which together may be the key to alleviating the scourge of coral bleaching. Nonetheless, evolutionary theory suggests that bleaching may be a consequence of mechanisms of conflict mediation, which are essential to maintaining the coral-dinoflagellate symbiosis.
Disparities in Telemedicine Use for Subspecialty Diabetes Care During COVID-19 Shelter-In-Place Orders.

Background:During the COVID-19 pandemic, telemedicine use rapidly and dramatically increased for management of diabetes mellitus. It is unknown whether access to telemedicine care has been equitabl...
Application of N2-fixing Paenibacillus triticisoli BJ-18 changes the compositions and functions of the bacterial, diazotrophic, and fungal microbiomes in the rhizosphere and root/shoot endosphere of wheat under field conditions

From 2015 to 2018, we continuously applied the diazotroph Paenibacillus triticisoli BJ-18 as an inoculant to soil cropped winter wheat under field condition. Based on 16S rRNA, nifH, ITS, and shotgun metagenome sequencing, we investigated the influences of diazotroph on the composition and function of the bacterial, diazotrophic, and fungal communities in the rhizosphere and root/shoot endosphere of wheat in 2018. P. triticisoli BJ-18 significantly increased soil total N, available P, organic matter, nitrogenase activity, and wheat yield. The diversities of the rhizospheric bacterial community were higher in the inoculation treatment than the non-inoculation treatment, while the relative abundances of rhizospheric fungal, endospheric bacterial, and diazotrophic communities were lower in the inoculation treatment. Paenibacillus became dominant in the rhizosphere and root, and also the relative abundance of indigenous diazotrophs was increased by inoculation. The microbial inoculation also significantly increased the relative abundances of indigenous plant growth-promoting microbes (Bacillus, Klebsiella, and Podospora) but decreased the relative abundances of indigenous pathogenic fungi (Alternaria). Notably, some nitrogenase gene abundances were significantly enriched by inoculation. These results demonstrated that P. triticisoli BJ-18, acting as a keystone species, can change (optimize) the composition and function of plant microbiome to promote plant growth and productivity.
Low Dimensional Visual Attributes: An Interpretable Image Encoding.

Deep convolutional networks (DCNs) as black-boxes make many computer vision models hard to interpret. In this paper, we present an interpretable encoding for images that represents the objects as a composition of parts and the parts themselves as a mixture of learned prototypes. We found that this representation is well suited for low-label image recognition problems such as few-shot learning (FSL), zero-shot learning (ZSL) and domain adaptation (DA). Our image encoding model with simple task predictors performs favorably against state of the art approaches in each of these tasks. Via crowdsourced results, we also show that this image encoding using parts and prototypes is interpretable to humans and agrees with their visual perception.
Lead User Adaptation within Information Systems: Human Behavior as a Predictor of Enterprise Resource Planning Systems Implementation Outcomes

Human actions invoke the user-centered framework of technology. We present a novel approach to understanding systems behavior that comprises human interaction within Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems space. We use the theories of Reasoned Action and Planned Behavior (TPB) to examine how and to what extent Lead Users utilize specific patterns to influence implementation outcomes. Using a mixed methods approach for our inquiry and an analysis based on a structural equation model (SEM), our initial findings extend the study on Lead User Adaptation. The results and implications are discussed
Effect of dietary energy restriction on metabolic and endocrine responses during the estrous cycle of the suckled beef cow.

A replicated trial was conducted with suckled Angus and Polled Hereford cows (110 d postcalving) to determine metabolic and endocrine responses to an energy-restricted diet after cows had re-established postpartum estrous cyclicity. Cows were individually fed 26.5 Mcal ME (H) or 15.2 Mcal ME (L) for a 30-d preliminary period and fitted with an indwelling jugular cannula at synchronized estrus. Average daily weight change during the estrous cycle was .60 +/- .25 and -1.37 +/- .30 kg/d for H and L, respectively (P less than .05). Blood concentrations of cortisol, progesterone and LH during the estrous cycle were not affected by diet, nor did diet affect frequency or amplitude of LH pulses (P greater than .05). No dietary differences were observed for daily concentrations of total protein, glucose, nonesterified fatty acids or acetate. Mean blood concentrations of propionate and butyrate were not different between diets; however, L cows had lower concentrations of propionate and butyrate on d 11 of the cycle (P less than .05). Cows fed L had higher concentrations of blood urea nitrogen (P less than .05), but they had lower concentrations of cholesterol (P less than .05) on d 4, 11, 18 and subsequent estrus (E). Insulin was not different on d 4 and 11; however, cows fed L had lower insulin concentrations on d 18 and d E (P less than .05). Dietary energy restriction in these cyclic cows caused no change in endocrine responses. Of metabolic responses measured, only blood urea nitrogen, cholesterol and insulin showed consistent changes.
A Simulation Model for Evaluating Alarm Routing Policies in ICU Patient Monitoring Information Systems

Patient Monitoring Information Systems generate alarms that are designed to make the clinician aware of the condition of a patient, but frequent false alarm occurrence can result in alarm fatigue and reduce the probability of a clinician to respond to the alarms. The purpose of this paper is to develop a simulation model to investigate the effect of false alarms and different alarm routing policies on clinician workload and patient safety. In this preliminary work, we present results related to two alarm routing policies: 1) all alarms routed to the nurse, and 2) role*based routing of alarms. We modeled the alarm generation and response process and the routing policies using JaamSim, open*source discrete event simulation software. The preliminary result suggests that role*based routing of alarms can significantly reduce the time spent on false alarms, clinician workload and patient safety in terms of number of missed critical alarms.
Regulatory Beneficiaries and Informal Agency Policy Making

Administrative agencies frequently use guidance documents to set policy broadly and prospectively, in areas ranging from Education Department Title IX enforcement to FDA regulation of direct-to-consumer pharmaceutical advertising. In form, these guidances closely resemble those agencies issue in ordinary notice-and-comment rules, although guidances generally are developed with little participation and are often immune from judicial review. Nonetheless, guidances can evoke significant changes in behavior from those the agencies regulate. A number of commentators have guardedly defended the current state of affairs. Though they lack some important procedural safeguards, these documents can help agencies supervise low-level employees and supply valuable information to regulated entities regarding how an agency will implement a program. Thus far, however, this debate on administrative process has largely ignored the distinct and substantial interests of regulatory beneficiaries. These are people who expect to benefit from government regulation of others, such as pharmaceutical consumers, environmental users, and workers who seek safe workplaces. When agencies make policy informally, these regulatory beneficiaries suffer particular losses to their ability to participate in the agency's decision and to invoke judicial review. The article accordingly argues that when regulatory beneficiary interests are considered, the case for procedural reform of guidance documents is considerably stronger. The article then overviews some possible solutions.
Engineering liver tissue from induced pluripotent stem cells: a first step in generating new organs for transplantation?

A critical shortage of donor organs for treating end-stage organ failure highlights the urgent need for generating organs from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Despite many reports describing functional cell differentiation, no studies have succeeded in generating a three-dimensional vascularized organ such as liver. Here we show the generation of vascularized and functional human liver from human iPSCs by transplantation of liver buds created in vitro (iPSC-LBs). Specified hepatic cells (immature endodermal cells destined to track the hepatic cell fate) self-organized into three-dimensional iPSC-LBs by recapitulating organogenetic interactions between endothelial and mesenchymal cells. Immunostaining and gene-expression analyses revealed a resemblance between in vitro grown iPSC-LBs and in vivo liver buds. Human vasculatures in iPSC-LB transplants became functional by connecting to the host vessels within 48 hours. The formation of functional vasculatures stimulated the maturation of iPSC-LBs into tissue resembling the adult liver. Highly metabolic iPSC-derived tissue performed liver-specific functions such as protein production and human-specific drug metabolism without recipient liver replacement. Furthermore, mesenteric transplantation of iPSC-LBs rescued the drug-induced lethal liver failure model. To our knowledge, this is the first report demonstrating the generation of a functional human organ from pluripotent stem cells. Although efforts must ensue to translate these techniques to treatments for patients, this proof-of concept demonstration of organ-bud transplantation provides a promising new approach to study regenerative medicine.