cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Interface and grain boundary structures in YBa2Cu3O7-x and YBa2Cu4O8 materials

Y2BaCuO5YBa2Cu3O7-x (Y211/Y123) interfaces in melt-processed YBa2Cu3O7-x were studied by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Yttrium enrichment and barium depletion were observed locally at the Y211/Y123 interfaces where Y123 (001) facets were present. This effect may be interpreted as the result of lattice substitution of Ba by Y near these interfaces. Cation nonstoichiometry was found near Y211/Y123 interfaces where liquid phases (Cu-Ba-O) were present. This chemical disorder introduces numerous point defects in the Y123, and these defects may act as additional pinning sites alongwith stacking faults. A comparison of grain boundary (GB) chemical composition in polycrystalline YBa2Cu3O7-x and YBa2Cu4O8(Y124), studied using nanoprobe parallel-detection electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS), is presented. The studies of Y124 show that stoichiometric grain boundaries can also form weak links between superconducting grains. It is suggested that weak-link behavior is determined largely by misorientation at grain boundaries.
Reply: Patient Satisfaction in Unilateral and Bilateral Breast Reconstruction

Background: The goal of reconstruction after mastectomy is to provide a long-term and symmetric reconstruction. Providing symmetry entails different decision making when faced with a unilateral or bilateral reconstruction. In unilateral reconstruction, the goal is to match the contralateral breast; however, in bilateral reconstruction, symmetry between the reconstructed breasts is more important. The purpose of this study was to examine patient satisfaction between unilateral and bilateral reconstruction. Methods: All women at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center undergoing breast reconstruction between 1999 and 2006 were identified. Patient demographics and complications were collected. A survey was administered examining general and aesthetic satisfaction. Patients with unilateral reconstruction were identified and compared with patients with bilateral reconstruction. Additional analysis was performed based on the type of reconstruction, including autologous, autologous with implant, and tissue expander/implant-based reconstruction. Results: Overall, 702 women underwent 910 breast reconstructions (494 unilateral, 416 bilateral). Patients in the bilateral reconstruction group were more likely to have prophylactic mastectomy and immediate reconstruction. Complication rates were similar between unilateral and bilateral reconstruction. Patient satisfaction was highest in unilateral patients with autologous compared with implant reconstruction (general satisfaction, 73.9 versus 40.9 percent, p < 0.0001; aesthetic satisfaction, 72.3 versus 43.2 percent, p < 0.0001). Bilateral reconstruction had similar general and aesthetic satisfaction scores across autologous, autologous with implant, and implant-based reconstruction. Conclusions: Patients undergoing unilateral reconstruction have the highest satisfaction with autologous reconstruction. As symmetry between reconstructed breasts is essential for patient satisfaction in bilateral reconstruction, it is important to use the same type of reconstruction, whether autologous or implant-based.
Charcoal particle agglutination test for detection of antibody to Cryptococcus neoformans: a preliminary report.

Specially prepared charcoal particles readily adsorb cryptococcal polysaccharide antigen to form a stable reagent that is agglutinated by anticryptococcal serum in a rapid slide agglutination test. Card charcoal agglutination (CCA) is a valuable diagnostic aid, providing a rapid and reliable indication of cryptococcal infection in cases in which the slide latex agglutination test for antigen is negative.
So-called Extraskeletal Ewing’s Sarcoma: Report of a Case with Ultrastructural Analysis

The light and the electron microscopic features of an extraskeletal round-cell tumor resembling Ewing’s sarcoma are described. Ultrastructural observation revealed features similar to Ewing’s sarcoma of bone. Variable degrees of nuclear complexity are described. These soft tissue tumors are probably composed of undifferentiated mesenchymal cells; there is no ultrastructural evidence to indicate the cell of origin.
Peroxisome Proliferator–Activated Receptor γ Expression in Follicular-Patterned Thyroid Lesions

To determine its usefulness as a specific diagnostic marker for follicular carcinomas (FCs) vs other follicular-patterned thyroid lesions and possible application to fine-needle aspiration specimens, we immunohistochemically studied peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor γ(PPARγ) expression in histologic sections (FC, 13 cases; follicular adenoma [FA], 11; follicular variant of papillary carcinoma [FVPC], 9) and surrounding thyroid tissue by using a PPARγmonoclonal antibody. Positivity (detected by nuclear staining) was scored as absent, weak, moderate, or strong. When only moderate or strong nuclear staining was considered positive, 9 FCs (69%), 3 FAs (27%), and 2 FVPCs (22%) demonstrated positive nuclear immunoreactivity. The sensitivity and specificity of immunohistochemical detection of PPARγ expression in FCs were 69% and 75%, respectively. In nonlesional surrounding tissue, moderate to strong positive staining was seen in focal areas of chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis in 6 of 33 cases (FC, 2; FA, 3; FVPC, 1); diffuse moderate staining was detected in surrounding tissue in the absence of lymphocytic thyroiditis in 4 cases (12%; FC, 3; FA, 1). Staining in the follicular-patterned lesions and surrounding nonlesional thyroid was specific with peptide blocking experiments. PPARγ expression is not a specific marker for FCs, and its detection in nonlesional thyroid tissue suggests limited usefulness as a diagnostic marker for follicular-patterned lesions in general.
STUDY ON THE SYNERGISTIC BACTERICIDAL EFFECT OF CITRIC ACID AND HEAT

Objective To study the synergistic bactericidal effect of citric acid with heat and its toxicity.Methods Carrier quantitative germicidal test,simulation field test and animal toxicity test methods were used in the laboratory.Results When the carriers contaminated with Bacillus subtilis var.niger spores were soaked in 20.68 g/L citric acid which heated to 80 ℃ for 10 min,the killing logarithm value was 3.00.When 20.68 g/L citric acid was loaded in the pipeline of dialysis machine,heated to 80 ℃ for 10 min,the killing logarithm value of B.subtilis var.niger spores on the pipeline was 3.00.The mouse acute oral LD50 was above 5 000 mg/kg(weight).Result of micronucleus test of mice marrow polychromatophilic erythrocyte was negative.Conclusion 20.68 g/L citric acid when heated to 80 ℃ has good synergistic bactericidal effect to spores.And the citric acid disinfectant belongs to non-toxic level.
Fibrinolytic fibrinogenopenia; occurrence in a case of abruption placentae.

Abstract A case of abruptio placentae in a 37-year-old multipara has been presented. Initial blood study showed the presence of active fibrinolysin and depressed levels of fibrinogen and proaccelerin. Bleeding was controlled with 3,000 c.c. whole blood, 3 Gm. fibrinogen, and uterine packing.
Advanced Practice A Model for Neonatal/Perinatal and Women/Child Nursing

Collaboration between service and academia has often been disparate. A new model of cooperation was designed in the Fall of 1992 by faculty at the University of Connecticut School of Nursing and nurse administrators at John Dempsey Hospital of the University of Connecticut Health Center. A combined effort was undertaken to expeditiously prepare, at the graduate level, acute care nurse practitioners in Critical Care and Neonatal/Perinatal Nursing. The impetus for the collaborative effort was due in part to: reduced medical residency hours for patient coverage; limited access by patients to care in teaching hospitals because of demands in practice and academic roles; the need to bridge the gap between nursing and medicine; and fragmentation of care. The premise underlying all teaching, learning, and evaluation in the program is androgogy, or the art and science of helping adults learn. The program meets the current National Certification Corporation requirements for certification eligibility. A new evaluation instrument, the Learning Assessment Resource Scale (LARS) was designed by operationalizing Benner's seven domains of nursing practice. The Learning Assessment Resource Scale is based on the premise that expert nursing care is holistic rather than procedural. As an outcome of the collaboration between service and academe, there is enhanced mutual respect, the care-cure dichotomy has been bridged, and advanced practice nurses are educationally prepared to give expert care.
Banach Spaces L p

A topology to equip the linear space \(\mathcal{L}(X,\mathcal{X},\mu )\) which will turn it into a Banach space is investigated in this chapter. Section 5.1 summarizes the basics on normed spaces that will be required in Chapter 5 (as well as in parts of Chapters and 6, 10, and 12). We assume the reader has been introduced to linear spaces (or vector space) before — see e.g., Lemma 4.5.
The relationship between employment status and depression symptomatology among women at risk for postpartum depression

Approximately 13%-19% of new mothers report depression during the postpartum period. Returning to work after childbirth is associated with depression; however, it is unclear if this finding applies to women who are at high risk for postpartum depression. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between employment status and depression symptomatology among women at risk for postpartum depression (defined as personal or maternal history of depression). This study was a post hoc analysis from a previously conducted randomized controlled trial. Participants (n = 124; ages 18-42) were 7 months postpartum and had participated in a randomized trial examining the efficacy of an exercise intervention for the prevention of postpartum depression (study was conducted from January 2010 through November 2011). Participants completed questionnaires examining demographic characteristics and psychosocial variables at 6 weeks and 7 months postpartum. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale was administered at 7 months postpartum to assess depression symptomatology. Sixty-eight percent of the participants reported that they were employed at 7 months postpartum. Employment at 7 months postpartum was associated with lower depression symptomatology (as measured by the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale) after controlling for condition assignment, marital status, and having other children. Among women who worked outside of the home, there were no differences between those who worked full-time versus part-time on depression symptomatology. Employment may be a protective factor for postpartum depression symptomatology; however, we cannot infer causation given this study's cross-sectional design. Postpartum women at risk for depression who are contemplating employment should consider the possible protective effect of employment on depression.
Defining Social Class Across Time and Between Groups

We examined changes over four decades and between ethnic groups in how people define their social class. Changes included the increasing importance of income, decreasing importance of occupational prestige, and the demise of the "Victorian bargain," in which poor people who subscribed to conservative sexual and religious norms could think of themselves as middle class. The period also saw changes (among Whites) and continuity (among Black Americans) in subjective status perceptions. For Whites (and particularly poor Whites), their perceptions of enhanced social class were greatly reduced. Poor Whites now view their social class as slightly but significantly lower than their poor Black and Latino counterparts. For Black respondents, a caste-like understanding of social class persisted, as they continued to view their class standing as relatively independent of their achieved education, income, and occupation. Such achievement indicators, however, predicted Black respondents' self-esteem more than they predicted self-esteem for any other group.
Evaluation of modified risk claim advertising formats for Camel Snus

Objectives:The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has regulatory authority for modified risk tobacco product advertising claims. To guide future regulatory efforts, we investigated how variations in modified risk claim advertisements influence consumer perceptions of product risk claims for Camel Snus.Methods:Young people and adults (15–65), including current, never, and former smokers, were randomised to view one of five Camel Snus print advertisements as part of a web-based survey. Four of the advertisements presented information related to nitrosamine content of snus using four formats: (1) text, (2) a bar chart, (3) a text/testimonial and (4) a bar chart/testimonial. The fifth format, used as a control, was a current advertisement for Camel Snus without the explicit claims made about nitrosamine content. After viewing advertisements for all products, participants were asked which product they would be most interested in trying.Results:Participants exposed to advertisements that contained an explici...
Zero-Echo-Time and Dixon Deep Pseudo-CT (ZeDD CT): Direct Generation of Pseudo-CT Images for Pelvic PET/MRI Attenuation Correction Using Deep Convolutional Neural Networks with Multiparametric MRI

Accurate quantification of uptake on PET images depends on accurate attenuation correction in reconstruction. Current MR-based attenuation correction methods for body PET use a fat and water map derived from a 2-echo Dixon MRI sequence in which bone is neglected. Ultrashort-echo-time or zero-echo-time (ZTE) pulse sequences can capture bone information. We propose the use of patient-specific multiparametric MRI consisting of Dixon MRI and proton-density–weighted ZTE MRI to directly synthesize pseudo-CT images with a deep learning model: we call this method ZTE and Dixon deep pseudo-CT (ZeDD CT). Methods: Twenty-six patients were scanned using an integrated 3-T time-of-flight PET/MRI system. Helical CT images of the patients were acquired separately. A deep convolutional neural network was trained to transform ZTE and Dixon MR images into pseudo-CT images. Ten patients were used for model training, and 16 patients were used for evaluation. Bone and soft-tissue lesions were identified, and the SUVmax was measured. The root-mean-squared error (RMSE) was used to compare the MR-based attenuation correction with the ground-truth CT attenuation correction. Results: In total, 30 bone lesions and 60 soft-tissue lesions were evaluated. The RMSE in PET quantification was reduced by a factor of 4 for bone lesions (10.24% for Dixon PET and 2.68% for ZeDD PET) and by a factor of 1.5 for soft-tissue lesions (6.24% for Dixon PET and 4.07% for ZeDD PET). Conclusion: ZeDD CT produces natural-looking and quantitatively accurate pseudo-CT images and reduces error in pelvic PET/MRI attenuation correction compared with standard methods.
An Iterative, Synthetic Approach To Engineer a High-Performance PhoB-Specific Reporter.

ABSTRACT Transcriptional reporters are common tools for analyzing either the transcription of a gene of interest or the activity of a specific transcriptional regulator. Unfortunately, the latter application has the shortcoming that native promoters did not evolve as optimal readouts for the activity of a particular regulator. We sought to synthesize an optimized transcriptional reporter for assessing PhoB activity, aiming for maximal “on” expression when PhoB is active, minimal background in the “off” state, and no control elements for other regulators. We designed specific sequences for promoter elements with appropriately spaced PhoB-binding sites, and at 19 additional intervening nucleotide positions for which we did not predict sequence-specific effects, the bases were randomized. Eighty-three such constructs were screened in Vibrio fischeri, enabling us to identify bases at particular randomized positions that significantly correlated with high-level “on” or low-level “off” expression. A second round of promoter design rationally constrained 13 additional positions, leading to a reporter with high-level PhoB-dependent expression, essentially no background, and no other known regulatory elements. As expressed reporters, we used both stable and destabilized variants of green fluorescent protein (GFP), the latter of which has a half-life of 81 min in V. fischeri. In culture, PhoB induced the reporter when phosphate was depleted to a concentration below 10 μM. During symbiotic colonization of its host squid, Euprymna scolopes, the reporter indicated heterogeneous phosphate availability in different light-organ microenvironments. Finally, testing this construct in other members of the Proteobacteria demonstrated its broader utility. The results illustrate how a limited ability to predict synthetic promoter-reporter performance can be overcome through iterative screening and reengineering. IMPORTANCE Transcriptional reporters can be powerful tools for assessing when a particular regulator is active; however, native promoters may not be ideal for this purpose. Optimal reporters should be specific to the regulator being examined and should maximize the difference between the “on” and “off” states; however, these properties are distinct from the selective pressures driving the evolution of natural promoters. Synthetic promoters offer a promising alternative, but our understanding often does not enable fully predictive promoter design, and the large number of alternative sequence possibilities can be intractable. In a synthetic promoter region with over 34 billion sequence variants, we identified bases correlated with favorable performance by screening only 83 candidates, allowing us to rationally constrain our design. We thereby generated an optimized reporter that is induced by PhoB and used it to explore the low-phosphate response of V. fischeri. This promoter design strategy will facilitate the engineering of other regulator-specific reporters.
Voluntary Head Rotational Velocity and Implications for Brain Injury Risk Metrics.

Abstract We investigated whether humans could sustain high head rotational velocities without brain injury. Rotational velocity has long been implicated for predicting concussion risk, and has rece...
Aflatoxin Contamination in Supplemental and Wild Foods of Northern Bobwhite

Esophagi were removed from northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) that were killed by hunters during the 1996-1997 (n = 39) and 1997-1998 (n = 27) hunting seasons in Wheeler County, Texas and Roger Mills County, Oklahoma to determine if they were exposed to aflatoxin (AF) by consuming either wild or supplemental food. Esophagi were segregated into three categories based upon their contents: all wild seeds (n = 11), all supplemental foods (n = 21), and mixed foods (n = 18). Contents of esophagi were then analyzed for AF concentration. Mean (+/- SE) AF concentration (ppb) of wild seeds was 2.44 +/- 0.54; supplemental foods, 0.12 +/- 0.41; and mixed foods, 0.53 +/- 0.40. Wild seeds had higher (P = 0.004) AF concentrations than either the supplemental or mixed categories, although these levels are below those found to cause damage to northern bobwhite. This information suggests that northern bobwhite may consume contaminated food much more often than previously thought.
Long-Term Care Policy and Older Latinos

Long-term care policy for older Latinos occurs at the intersection of broader policy debates about the funding for long-term care in general, which includes little or no consideration of any racial/ethnic diversity of the population, and debates over issues such as immigration policy and health disparities, which includes little or no consideration of long-term care. Nevertheless, some contemporary efforts around long-term care are likely to benefit older Latinos, while other trends will bypass them. This chapter examines some of the historical trends in long-term care use to identify drivers of long-term care policy and their impact on Latino elders, followed by an overview of current policy trends and information on the perspective of Latino elders and their families as a window into the likely impact of policy changes on disabled older Latinos and their families.
A Pox on Both Your Houses: Why The Courts Can't Fix The Erie Doctrine

As Erie Railroad Co. v. Tompkins celebrates its 75th anniversary, it is becoming more apparent that it is on a collision course with itself. The Court keeps trying – and failing – to sort out the tensions within the Erie doctrine and between it and the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. The Court’s latest Erie decision, Shady Grove, was yet another attempt to separate substance from procedure and navigate the strait between the Rules of Decision Act and the Rules Enabling Act. It was a disaster, in large part because of the internal incoherence of the Erie doctrine itself and its profound incompatibility with the guiding principles of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. Shady Grove thus brings to the forefront the need for a normative choice between federal procedural uniformity and transsubstantivity on the one hand, and state authority on the other. I suggest that instead of filtering that normative choice through the convoluted and self-contradictory Erie doctrine, judges should confront it directly as they do in other contexts (including most prominently preemption doctrine). This suggestion in turn has implications far beyond the narrow Shady Grove issue.
UNDERSTANDING ATTRITION AND BOLSTERING RETENTION IN A LONGITUDINAL PANEL STUDY: ORANJ BOWL

Attrition from longitudinal studies can affect generalizability of findings. Using data from a 10-year panel of 5,688 older people, we compare active participants with individuals lost to follow-up. Results indicate that active participants are older, less likely to be Black, more likely to be married, have higher income, greater education, more likely to have been working full time, have fewer depressive symptoms, pain and chronic illnesses, and greater subjective successful aging and functional ability at baseline than those lost to attrition. Follow-up analyses reveal differences among people who attrite from the study because: staff are unable to locate them, they die or become impaired, they withdraw, or they are untraceable. Synthetic cohort analyses demonstrate how attrition impacts interpretation of results. We conclude with a discussion of strategies for how to combat participant loss (i.e., team-based approach). Findings have important implications for enhancing future retention efforts in longitudinal work.
Further Implications of French Devoir and Falloir for Theories of Control and Modality

Authier and Reed (2009: 44–45) observe that thematic constraints involving French devoir ‘must’ and falloir ‘to be necessary’ fall out from Chomsky and Lasnik’s (1995) original null Case approach to control. However, Reed (2014: Ch. 6) shows that separate data involving Romance floating quantifiers (Baltin 1995; Sportiche 1988), pronominal clitic placement (Cinque 2001; Cardinaletti and Shlonsky 2004), and the distribution of overt and covert nominals in gerunds pose serious problems for that analysis. This article opens with the novel observation that Authier and Reed’s contrasts are problematic for theories of control ranging from those couched in terms of NP-Movement (e.g. Hornstein 1999) to those postulating a syntactically implicit external argument (e.g. Jackendoff and Culicover 2003) to those formulated in terms of Agree and/or predication (Landau 2004, 2013, 2015). This article then draws on additional data and discussion in Reed (2014, 2016) to show how a Caseless approach to PRO can accommodate these facts, but only if one also recognizes with, e.g. Kamp (1975) and Cinque (1999), and contra, e.g. Kratzer (1981, 1991) and Hacquard (2010, 2011), that the closest French equivalent of must, namely, devoir, is syntactically and semantically ambiguous. This article, therefore, sheds new light on our current understanding of control and modality.
Abstract P3048: The 5-ht 7 Receptor is Essential for 5-ht-Induced Hypotension in the Doca Salt Hypertensive Rat

Infusions of 5-HT into normotensive rats reduce blood pressure over a one week period. Pharmacological studies show the 5-HT7receptor is necessary for at least the initial (first 24 hours) hypotens...
Alcohol-induced Wnt signaling inhibition during bone fracture healing is normalized by intermittent parathyroid hormone treatment.

Nearly half of orthopaedic trauma patients are intoxicated at the time of injury, and excess alcohol consumption increases the risk for fracture nonunion. Previous studies show alcohol disrupts fracture associated Wnt signaling required for normal bone fracture repair. Intermittent parathyroid hormone (PTH) promotes bone growth through canonical Wnt signaling, however, no studies have investigated the effect of PTH on alcohol-inhibited bone fracture repair. Male C57BL/6 mice received two-3 day alcohol binges separated by 4 days before receiving a mid-shaft tibia fracture. Postoperatively, mice received PTH daily until euthanasia. Wnt/β-catenin signaling was analyzed at 9 days post-fracture. As previously observed, acute alcohol exposure resulted in a >2-fold decrease in total and the active form of β-catenin and a 2-fold increase in inactive β-catenin within the fracture callus. Intermittent PTH abrogated the effect of alcohol on β-catenin within the fracture callus. Upstream of β-catenin, alcohol-treated animals had a 2-fold decrease in total LRP6, the Wnt co-receptor, which was restored with PTH treatment. Alcohol nor PTH had any significant effect on GSK-3β. These data show that intermittent PTH following a tibia fracture restores normal expression of Wnt signaling proteins within the fracture callus of alcohol-treated mice.
A nephrotoxicity-free, iron-based contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging of tumors.

Abstract Gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) are the most widely used T1 contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and have achieved remarkable success in clinical cancer diagnosis. However, GBCAs could cause severe nephrogenic systemic fibrosis to patients with renal insufficiency. Nevertheless, GBCAs are quickly excreted from the kidneys, which shortens their imaging window and prevents long-term monitoring of the disease per injection. Herein, a nephrotoxicity-free T1 MRI contrast agent is developed by coordinating ferric iron into a telodendritic, micellar nanostructure. This new nano-enabled, iron-based contrast agent (nIBCA) not only can reduce the renal accumulation and relieve the kidney burden, but also exhibit a significantly higher tumor to noise ratio (TNR) for cancer diagnosis. In comparison with Magnevist (a clinical-used GBCA), Magnevist induces obvious nephrotoxicity while nIBCA does not, indicating that such a novel contrast agent may be applicable to renally compromised patients requiring a contrast-enhanced MRI. The nIBCA could precisely image subcutaneous brain tumors in a mouse model and the effective imaging window lasted for at least 24 h. The nIBCA also precisely highlights the intracranial brain tumor with high TNR. The nIBCA presents a potential alternative to GBCAs as it has superior biocompatibility, high TNR and effective imaging window.
A Digital Interferometric Array with Active Noise Illumination for Millimeter-Wave Imaging at 13.7 fps

We present millimeter-wave imagery at 13.7 frames-per-second (fps) using a digital 16-element interferometric antenna array operating at 37 GHz. The scene is illuminated incoherently using three low-cost noise transmitters, mimicking the properties of thermal radiation. The array is based on commercial components and 3D-printed horn antennas. The system architecture is presented, along with the signal processing algorithm, and real-time imaging results.
Is the axial spinal cord classification predictive of intraoperative neurologic alert for pediatric scoliosis patients? An independent retrospective validation study

We sought to determine whether the axial spinal cord classification by Sielatycki et al. would be associated with increased intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) alerts for pediatric scoliosis patients undergoing posterior spinal fusion (PSF) surgery. Children less than age 19 with scoliosis undergoing PSF were retrospectively reviewed. Axial-T2 MRI of the thoracic apex was reviewed for spinal cord/CSF architecture as described by Sielatycki et al.: Type 1—circular cord with visible CSF, Type 2—circular cord but no visible CSF at apical concavity, and Type 3—cord deformed with no intervening CSF. Intraoperative neuromonitoring reports, operative records and preoperative radiographs were reviewed. 90 patients met the inclusion criteria. Rate of neurologic events was Type 1: 2% (1/41 patients), Type 2: 14.3% (4/28), Type 3: 57.1% (12/21) (Type 1 vs 2 p = 0.06; Type 1 vs 3 p < 0.0001; Type 2 vs 3 p = 0.0017). Three patients with a Type 3 cord awoke with significant deficits. In comparison to Type 1 cords, Type 3 and Type 2 spinal cords were associated with increased coronal and total deformity angular ratios (Type 1 vs 3 p = 0.035 and 0.0054 respectively; Type 1 vs 2 p = 0.042 and 0.03 respectively). There was no difference in gender, diagnosis category, age at surgery, Cobb angle or kyphosis between the three groups. The axial spinal cord classification correlated with IONM alerts and greater severity of spinal deformity in pediatric scoliosis patients. IV, retrospective cohort study.
Heard Immunity: Effective Persuasion for a Future COVID-19 Vaccine

A survey experiment exposes treatment groups to four messages supporting future vaccination against COVID-19. These treatments emphasize either the risks of the virus or the safety of vaccination, to the respondent personally or to others. For a nationally representative sample, self-reported intent to vaccinate is not significantly different from the control for any message. However, there is a substantial divergence between white non-Hispanic respondents, whose response to all four treatments is close to zero, and non-white or Hispanic respondents, whose intention to vaccinate is over 50% higher in response to a message emphasizing pro-sociality and the safety of others.
Early vs. Late Androgen Suppression Therapy for Advanced Prostate Cancer.

Editor's note: The mission of Cochrane Nursing is to provide an international evidence base for nurses involved in delivering, leading, or researching nursing care. Cochrane Corner provides summaries of recent systematic reviews from the Cochrane Library. For more information, see https://nursing.cochrane.org.
Molecular imaging of NAD+ -dependent deacetylase SIRT1 in the brain.

Introduction Aging is an inevitable physiological process and the biggest risk factor of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Developing an imaging tracer to visualize aging-related changes in the brain may provide a useful biomarker in elucidating neuroanatomical mechanisms of AD. Methods We developed and characterized a new tracer that can be used to visualize SIRT1 in brains related to aging and AD by positron emission tomography imaging. Results The SIRT1 tracer displayed desirable brain uptake and selectivity, as well as stable metabolism and proper kinetics and distribution in rodent and nonhuman primate brains. This new tracer was further validated by visualizing SIRT1 in brains of AD transgenic mice, compared to nontransgenic animals. Discussion Our SIRT1 tracer not only enables, for the first time, the demonstration of SIRT1 in animal brains, but also allows visualization and recapitulation of AD-related SIRT1 neuropathological changes in animal brains.
Enhancing place-based learning progression through epistemic agency: a response to toward a hypothetical place-based learning progression for haze pollution in the northern region of Thailand.

Luecha Ladachart, Manus Poothawee, and Ladapa Ladachart take a unique approach in their study entitled, “Toward a hypothetical place-based learning progression for haze pollution in the northern region of Thailand,” whereby they frame acquiring disciplinary knowledge within a place-based learning progression in response to regional issues related to air pollution. From this study, the authors created a proposed learning progression that was designed to facilitate an understanding of the cause and effect of haze pollution as it relates to anthropogenic issues, geographical location, and seasonal patterns distinctly for the northern region of Thailand. The purpose of this response article is to discuss the design of Ladachart, Poothawee, and Ladachart’s (2020) place-based learning progressions and to facilitate a discussion on enhancing place-based learning progressions through the development of identity, self-efficacy, and epistemic agency. Lastly, we will reflect on our research in the Mississippi Delta (USA) to engage a discussion on how anchoring learning progressions across epistemological dimensions enables students to advance cognitively and developmentally while experiencing the personal and social transformation that positions them as epistemic agents within their local communities.
Prevalence and characteristics of choking/strangulation during sex: Findings from a probability survey of undergraduate students.

In a random sample of undergraduate students, we aimed to: (1) establish the prevalence of choking and being choked; (2) examine demographic and situational predictors of being choked, and (3) exam...
Low Variance Reflectance Signatures Capture Hidden Indicators of Plant and Soil Diversity

We explore the idea that key information about plant and soil diversity can largely be hidden in low-variance features, comparing to extensive ground truth, at a highly diverse and well-studied California field site.
Multiple Quantum NMR in Liquid Crystalline Phases

Nuclear magnetic resonance has been used extensively as a probe of molecular ordering and structure in liquid crystalline phases. In rigid molecules dissolved in mesogenic solvents, magnetic interactions are functions of geometric factors and order parameters. The geometric factors relate elements of a magnetic interaction tensor in some principal axis system (pas) to a molecule-fixed frame, and so provide information on molecular structure, while order parameters describe anisotropic molecular motions (1). For molecules in uniaxial phases the order tensor is traceless and symmetric and so is composed of five independent elements (2). A further reduction of the number of independent nonzero ordering tensor elements is possible through the judicious selection of a molecular-fixed coordinate system.
Identification of the cerebral neurosecretory cells that contain eclosion hormone in the moth Manduca sexta

Eclosion hormone (EH) is an insect neuropeptide that is released at the end of metamorphosis from the CNS and triggers the stereotyped motor program of adult emergence. Using three distinct experimental approaches, we have identified a discrete set of neurosecretory cells in the brain of the moth Manduca sexta that contains and releases EH. By isolating the neurosecretory somata and testing them with a sensitive behavioral bioassay, we identified a cluster of ipsilaterally projecting cells (Group Ia) that contain EH. Intracellular stimulation of individual cells within this group induced the release of bioactive EH into the hemolymph surrounding the neurohemal organs of the brain, whereas stimulation of cells in the other cerebral neurosecretory clusters did not. We also developed a polyclonal antiserum against purified EH that precipitated all bioactive material from samples containing the peptide. This antiserum selectively stained 5 of the Group Ia cells on either side of the brain, as well as their central and terminal processes. Preincubation of the serum with EH dramatically reduced its ability to bind the peptide subsequently. The combined application of these physiological and immunological techniques has led to the unequivocal identification of the EH neurons in the moth brain.
What's in a Match?

As researchers try to compensate for the growing undercoverage of landline RDD frames, alternative designs are increasingly being considered. One such alternative is address-based sampling (ABS). As such, much research is underway from a variety of organizations (Dekker and Murphy 2009; Link et al. 2008) to develop best practices for the use of ABS as a replacement or supplement to landline RDD frames. However, this research has lacked a fundamental component – matching telephone numbers to addresses. Because an accurate match is necessary to conduct interviews by telephone, the success (or lack thereof) in matching a telephone number to an address can dictate the data collection mode and have cost, response rate, and mode effect implications. We must therefore answer the question: What is a match? While this question may seem easy to answer – if you have an address and you have a telephone number, you have a match – it is not so simple. In this paper, we discuss different possible definitions of a “match.”
Rotational states in neutron-deficient 139Gd

States have been established in the neutron-deficient /sup 139/Gd nucleus for the first time via the /sup 92/Mo(/sup 50/Cr,2pn..gamma..) reaction. Both ..gamma..-..gamma.. and ..gamma..-n coincidence techniques were employed. The yrast band, built on the ..nu..h/sub 11/2/(514)(9/2/sup -/ orbital, shows a signature splitting of approx.100 keV implying a significant triaxial shape. At a rotational frequency (h/2..pi..)..omega..approx.0.29 MeV a pair of h/sub 11/2/ quasiprotons align. Associated with this alignment are a decrease in the signature splitting, indicating a near-prolate nuclear shape, and an enhancement of the interband M1 transitions relative to the E2 crossovers, which is consistent with a mixed neutron-proton configuration. In addition, a tentative decoupled band showing the characteristics of a band theoretically expected for the ..beta..-driving ..nu..i/sub 13/2/ orbital was observed.
Photogalvanovoltaic Cells and Photovoltaic Cells using Glassy Carbon Electrodes

Numerous electrochemical photocells have been proposed for the direct conversion of solar energy to electricity or chemical fuel. These cells, on the basis of two well established photoelectric effects, can be classified as either photovoltaic (PV) or photogalvanic (PG). The operation of a PV cell depends on the generation of an EMF as a result of the absorption of light, whereas the operation of a PG cell relies on the excitation by light of photoactive species in solution which induces a Faradaic process at the electrode. This paper describes a new type of electrochemical photocell, the operation of which is based on the combined principles of the PV and PG phenomena. This system, having the advantages of both the PV and PG cell, is therefore called the photogalvanovoltaic (PGV) cell. The key element of the cell responsible for the PV effect is a porphyrin-coated glassy carbon electrode. Either Pt or glassy carbon can serve as the counter electrode. The results of an electrochemical PV cell using porphyrin-coated glassy carbon electrodes are also described.
Handle: Engineering Artificial Musical Creativity at the “Trickery” Level

We embrace a “middle-standard” view of creativity in AI, according to which the driving goal is to engineer computational systems able to “trick” humans into regarding them to be human-level creative. We then report upon three versions of our system of this type in the realm of music: Handle. One of the important hallmarks of our engineering is a commitment to exploiting the power of formal computational logic within the highly intuitive domain of music; accordingly, coverage of the still-incomplete but fast-maturing music calculus \(\fancyscript{M}\) is included.
IBM single chip RISC processor (RSC)

A highly integrated single-chip microprocessor is described that combines a powerful RISC architecture and superscalar machine organization with system design optimizations appropriate for low cost workstation applications. This RISC single-chip (RSC) processor can dispatch up to two instructions per cycle and concurrently execute up to three instructions per cycle. The design integrates a fixed-point execution unit, a floating-point execution unit, an in-page branch unit, an 8-Kbyte unified cache, a memory management unit, a DMA controller, an interrupt controller, ECC on the memory interface, a real-time clock and decrementer, built-in self-test, and a versatile engineering support processor interface on a single die. >
p-Chloromercuribenzoate specifically modifies thiols associated with the active sites of β-Ketoadipate enol-lactone hydrolase and succinyl CoA: β-Ketoadipate CoA transferase

β-Ketoadipate enol-lactone hydrolase (EC 3.1.1.24) and succinyl CoA:β-ketoadipate transferase (EC 2.8.3.6) catalyze consecutive metabolic reactions in bacteria. The enzymes appear to be members of different families of related proteins. Enzymes within the enol-lactone hydrolase family appear to have diverged so extensively that common ancestry sometimes is not directly evident from comparison of NH2-terminal amino acid sequences of the proteins. Amino acid sequences at or near the active sites of the enzymes are likely to have been conserved, and hence a chemical proble that reacted specifically near the active sites of the enzymes might identify regions of amino acid sequence in which evolutionary affinities among widely divergent proteins could be identified. p-Chloromercuribenzoate appears to be such a probe because enol-lactone hydrolases and CoA transferases from Acinetobacter calcoaceticus and Pseudomonas putida were completely inhibited by stoichiometric quantities of the compound which appears to modify selectively cysteinyl side chains at or near the active sites of the enzymes. Stoichiometric inhibition of P. putida enol-lactone hydrolase was observed in the presence of excess dithiothreitol; therefore the reactive cysteinyl residue in this enzyme appears to be nucleophilic. The hydrolase is inhibited by β-ketoadipate, but the compound must be supplied at 10 mM concentrations in order to achieve 50% inhibition, so the product inhibition is unlikely to be significant under physiological conditions.
Common rail injection system iterative learning control based parameter calibration for accurate fuel injection quantity control

This paper presents an accurate engine fuel injection quantity control technique for high pressure common rail (HPCR) injection systems by an iterative learning control (ILC)-based, on-line calibration method. Accurate fuel injection quantity control is of importance in improving engine combustion efficiency and reducing engine-out emissions. Current Diesel engine fuel injection quantity control algorithms are either based on pre-calibrated tables or injector models, which may not adequately handle the effects of disturbances from fuel pressure oscillation in HPCR, rail pressure sensor reading inaccuracy, and the injector aging on injection quantity control. In this paper, by using an exhaust oxygen fraction dynamic model, an on-line parameter calibration method for accurate fuel injection quantity control was developed based on an enhanced iterative learning control (EILC) technique in conjunction with HPCR injection system. A high-fidelity, GT-Power engine model, with parametric uncertainties and measurement disturbances, was utilized to validate such a methodology. Through simulations at different engine operating conditions, the effectiveness of the proposed method in rejecting the effects of uncertainties and disturbance on fuel injection quantity control was demonstrated.
Effects of Feeding Autoclaved Pancreas to Depancreatized and Duct-Ligated Dogs.

Conclusions1. The daily oral administration of 200 g of beef pancreas autoclaved at 15 lb for 15 to 30 minutes was found to be effective in relieving and in preventing fatty infiltration of the liver and other manifestations of lipocaic deficiency in 6 depancreatized and 8 dogs with ligated pancreatic ducts. 2. Autoclaved liver, brain, and salivary glands were found to be ineffective under similar conditions. 3. There is a specific heat resistant substance in pancreas, lipocaic, not found in other tissues, which is effective on oral administration in relieving the residual deficiency in insulin treated depancreatized dogs.
Orthotropic Hyperelasticity in Terms of an Arbitrary Molecular Chain Model

There are many statistical mechanical models of long-chain models, two of which are the freely jointed chain model and the wormlike chain model. A continuum constitutive law for hyperelastic orthotropic materials has recently been developed using the freely jointed chain model as its basis. In this note, the continuum strain energy function is recast in general terms allowing for the incorporation of an arbitrary macromolecular constitutive model. In particular, the orthotropic constitutive model is recast using the wormlike chain model in place of the freely jointed chain model and the effects of this alternation are examined. ©2002 ASME
How astrophysical neutrino sources could be used for early measurements of neutrino mass hierarchy and leptonic CP phase

We discuss the possible impact of astrophysical neutrino flux measurements at neutrino telescopes on the neutrino oscillation program of reactor experiments and neutrino beams. We consider neutrino fluxes from neutron sources, muon damped sources, and pion sources, where we parametrize the input from these sources in terms of the flux ratio $R={\ensuremath{\phi}}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}/({\ensuremath{\phi}}_{e}+{\ensuremath{\phi}}_{\ensuremath{\tau}})$ which can be extracted from the muon track to shower ratio in a neutrino telescope. While it is difficult to obtain any information from this ratio alone, we demonstrate that the dependence on the oscillation parameters is very complementary to the one of reactor experiments and neutrino beams. We find that, for large values of ${sin﻿}^{2}2{\ensuremath{\theta}}_{13}$, a measurement of $R$ with a precision of about 20% or better may not only improve the measurement of the leptonic $CP$ phase, but also help the determination of the mass hierarchy. In some cases, early information on ${\ensuremath{\delta}}_{CP}$ may even be obtained from Double Chooz and an astrophysical flux alone without the help of superbeams. For small values of ${sin﻿}^{2}2{\ensuremath{\theta}}_{13}$, we find that using the information from an astrophysical neutrino flux could eliminate the octant degeneracy better than reactor experiments and beams alone. Finally, we demonstrate that implementing an additional observable based on the electromagnetic to hadronic shower ratio at a neutrino telescope (such as at higher energies) could be especially beneficial for pion beam sources.
Competition between screening channels in core-level x-ray photoemission as a probe of changes in the ground-state properties of transition-metal compounds

Core-level x-ray photoemission spectra (XPS) for copper, manganese, and ruthenium compounds are calculated. A strong dependence of the spectral line shape on electron and/or hole doping, magnetic and orbital ordering is observed. The changes can be explained in terms of the competition between local and nonlocal screening effects. In contrast to earlier claims, we find that the changes do not result from additional quasiparticle states at the Fermi level but from a strong coupling of the different screening channels to changes in the ground state. The strong sensitivity of core-level XPS on the surrounding transition-metal atoms enables the study of temperature- and doping-induced changes in orbital occupation and ordering.