cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Surface grid generation methods for overset grids

Abstract Efficient methods for performing surface grid generation for overset (overlapping) grids are presented. These include a scheme using hyperbolic partial differential equations and an algebraic marching scheme. The combined use of hyperbolic and algebraic methods in easing the task of surface domain decomposition and surface grid generation for the Chimera overset grid approach is discussed. Extensions of a basic hyperbolic scheme are made to march over a collection of panel networks where each network consists of a rectangular array of panels (quadrilateral cells). Other enhancements include a more robust projection scheme and methods to improve grid boundary control. Examples are given for general applications in overset grid methods such as collar grids for intersecting geometric components and cap grids at fuselage noses and wing tips. More complex examples include surface grids for the Space Shuttle Orbiter and the V-22 tiltrotor.
Model management and structured modeling: the role of an information resource dictionary system

Models have historically occupied an ambiguous position within organizations. Management acceptance of management science and operations research models for decision-making has lagged far behind technical advances in these areas. Structured modeling has emerged as a unifying approach to the modeling process with potential to reduce this ambiguity. Structured modeling is primarily oriented to the individual, however. A way of incorporating structured modeling into the organizational framework via existing information resource channels is discussed. A relational model is presented for an information resource dictionary system (IRDS). This IRDS model is then extended to accommodate representation of structured models. This extension of the IRDS can answer queries about structured modeling as well as model instances. The concept of an active IRDS is introduced and an example presented of how an active IRDS can be linked with an optimization algorithm. The conclusion is that the IRDS is a suitable vehicle for incorporating model management and structured modeling as part of an organization's information resource management environment.
Angiopeptin (BIM23014C) inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell migration in vitro through a G-protein-mediated pathway and is associated with inhibition of adenylyl cyclase and cyclic AMP accumulation.

Angiopeptin (AP: BIM23014C), a cyclic analogue of the peptide hormone somatostatin, inhibits intimal hyperplasia after balloon angioplasty. This inhibition has been attributed to a direct inhibitory effect on smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation. However, the SMC that proliferate in the intima and contribute to intimal hyperplasia arrive there by migrating from the injured media, suggesting that SMC migration may also play an important role in this process. Indeed, in the experiments we describe, AP inhibited the migration of rat aortic SMC cells (RA-SMC) in response to type I collagen, the predominant form of collagen in the vessel media, and did so dose dependently. RA-SMC migration was inhibited 70% in the presence of AP 100 nM. RA-SMC adhesion to type I collagen in these conditions was not inhibited, suggesting that AP does not interfere with RA-SMC recognition of type I collagen; instead, it blocks subsequent signaling events that are necessary for RA-SMC migration in response to type I collagen. AP inhibited the forskolin-stimulated accumulation of cyclic AMP by RA-SMC (35% at 30 nM). In addition, pertussis toxin (PT), which blocks G i -mediated inhibition of adenylyl cyclase, blocked the inhibitory effect of AP on cyclic AMP (cAMP) accumulation and also blocked the inhibitory effect of AP on RA-SMC migration. These findings suggest that the inhibitory effect of AP on intimal hyperplasia is due at least in part to its effects on SMC migration and that these effects are mediated by a G i -dependent pathway and may involve inhibition of adenylyl cyclase and cAMP accumulation
Gel filtration of proteins, with particular reference to the glycoprotein, luteinizing hormone☆

Abstract Results are reported which show that luteinizing hormone (LH) at pH 1.3 undergoes a marked change in its physical dimensions as studied by comparison with the gel filtration behavior of a series of simple proteins and two other glycoproteins on Sephadex G-75 at pH 1.3 and pH 7.5. Comparative data for Bio-Gel P-100 at pH 7.5 is included. The calibration of the gel filtration columns is not suitable for estimation of molecular weight of glycoproteins with the limited number of glycoproteins available for reference calibration.
A History and Evolution of Laparoscopic Nephrectomy: Perspectives From the Past and Future Directions in the Surgical Management of Renal Tumors

June 25, 2010 marks the twentieth anniversary of the first clinical laparoscopic nephrectomy. Since the advent of this procedure a paradigm shift toward minimally invasive options for urological surgery has been witnessed, resulting in rapid technological innovations and improved patient outcomes. A history of the minimally invasive surgical management of renal masses is presented with a focus on laparoscopic nephrectomy.
A Developmental Study of Differences in Initial Coding and Recoding of Hypothesis Information.

Coding and recoding of hypothesis information was studied in children in Grades 3, 5, and 7, and college students. Each S was tested on several two-choice discrimination problems. A problem consisted of two trials, a training trial and a test trial. The information available for coding on the first trial was varied in three series of problems by using pairs of stimuli differing in 3, 4, or 6 dimensions. Recoding after an error was facilitated in half of the problems in each series by allowing the stimuli to persist briefly after response and feedback. The stimuli terminated immediately after response and feedback in the remaining problems. The second trial of a problem, in which the stimuli differed on only one dimension, was used to probe for the information coded or recoded on the first trial. On the average, fewer dimensions were coded per trial by the younger Ss than by the older Ss. Neither the effects of negative feedback nor the effects of stimulus persistence were found to be related to developmental level. It was concluded that a deficiency in young children's ability to code, but not recode, hypothesis information contributes to their less efficient performance in discrimination problems.
Visible to NIR DLP hyperspectral imaging system for surgical utility using inherent chromophores and fluorescent probes

Visible DLP® hyperspectral reflectance imaging in medical applications is limited by the lack of penetration of visible light for visualization of deeper vessels and tissues. The longer, near infrared (NIR) wavelengths, capable of facilitating chromophore and fluorophore visualization, penetrate deeper allowing visualization of anatomical structures in surgical settings. Digital micromirror device (DMD) chips allow for digital programming of complex spectral illuminations with bandwidths as low as 7nm. Furthermore, fluorescence can be maximized by programming the DMD chip to illuminate with light precisely configured to contain excitation spectra. We have developed a "mid-range" system that extends from the visible light range into the NIR (525nm - 1050nm) and has been characterized and configured for fluorescence of indocyanine green (ICG). The DMD-based light source was found to be within the manufacturer's spectral specifications and proved to be very versatile in both spectral behavior and application. Fluorescence of ICG was successfully optimized by this system and demonstrated in capillary tubes and excised tissue.
Disruption of TRPV1-mediated coupling of coronary blood flow to cardiac metabolism in diabetic mice: role of nitric oxide and BK channels

We have previously shown transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype 1 (TRPV1) channel-dependent coronary function is compromised in pigs with metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, the mechanisms through which TRPV1 channels couple coronary blood flow to metabolism are not fully understood. We employed mice lacking TRPV1 [TRPV1((-/-))], db/db diabetic, and control C57BKS/J mice to determine the extent to which TRPV1 channels modulate coronary function and contribute to vascular dysfunction in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Animals were subjected to in vivo infusion of the TRPV1 agonist capsaicin to examine the hemodynamic actions of TRPV1 activation. Capsaicin (1-100 μg·kg(-1)·min(-1)) dose dependently increased coronary blood flow in control mice, which was inhibited by the TRPV1 antagonist capsazepine or the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor N-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME). In addition, the capsaicin-mediated increase in blood flow was attenuated in db/db mice. TRPV1((-/-)) mice exhibited no changes in coronary blood flow in response to capsaicin. Vasoreactivity studies in isolated pressurized mouse coronary microvessels revealed a capsaicin-dependent relaxation that was inhibited by the TRPV1 inhibitor SB366791 l-NAME and to the large conductance calcium-sensitive potassium channel (BK) inhibitors iberiotoxin and Penetrim A. Similar to in vivo responses, capsaicin-mediated relaxation was impaired in db/db mice compared with controls. Changes in pH (pH 7.4-6.0) relaxed coronary vessels contracted to the thromboxane mimetic U46619 in all three groups of mice; however, pH-mediated relaxation was blunted in vessels obtained from TRPV1((-/-)) and db/db mice compared with controls. Western blot analysis revealed decreased myocardial TRPV1 protein expression in db/db mice compared with controls. Our data reveal TRPV1 channels mediate coupling of myocardial blood flow to cardiac metabolism via a nitric oxide-dependent, BK channel-dependent pathway that is corrupted in diabetes.
Adolescents' views on barriers to health care: a pilot study.

Objectives: To determine from adolescents using health care their: 1) perceptions of barriers to obtaining health services, 2) views on how to overcome the barriers and 3) views on how to create an adolescent-friendly primary care practice. Design: Six focus group interviews. Methods: Adolescents 11-21 years old from three health centers in the Bronx were recruited. Main Outcome Measures: 1) barriers to accessing health care such as insurance, language barriers, transportation, making an appointment; 2) identifying barriers related to issues of consent and confidentiality; 3) exploring barriers to accessing mental health and related issues; and 4) their visions of an adolescent-friendly office. Results: Thirty-one adolescents, aged 11-21 years old, participated. The majority were Hispanic and 52% were female. Fifty percent of adolescents had a routine visit within the past month. Most adolescents reported experiencing barriers to making an appointment. Additionally, they complained about long waiting time...
3kW single-mode direct diode-pumped fiber laser

We present a 3kW single-mode fiber laser based on an Yb-doped LMA fiber operating at 1080nm. The laser which is pumped by 9xxnm diode bars stacks. It is believed to be the highest power direct diode pumped single-mode fiber laser oscillator to date.
Evaluation of energy expenditure in adult spring Chinook salmon migrating upstream in the Columbia River Basin: an assessment based on sequential proximate analysis

The upstream migration of adult anadromous salmonids in the Columbia River Basin (CRB) has been dramatically altered and fish may be experiencing energetically costly delays at dams. To explore this notion, we estimated the energetic costs of migration and reproduction of Yakima River-bound spring Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha using a sequential analysis of their proximate composition (i.e., percent water, fat, protein, and ash). Tissues (muscle, viscera, and gonad) were sampled from fish near the start of their migration (Bonneville Dam), at a mid point (Roza Dam, 510km upstream from Bonneville Dam) and from fresh carcasses on the spawning grounds (about 100 km above Roza Dam). At Bonneville Dam, the energy reserves of these fish were remarkably high, primarily due to the high percentage of fat in the muscle (18-20%; energy content over 11 kJ g -1 ). The median travel time for fish from Bonneville to Roza Dam was 27 d and ranged from 18 to 42 d. Fish lost from 6 to 17% of their energy density in muscle, depending on travel time. On average, fish taking a relatively long time for migration between dams used from 5 to 8% more energy from the muscle than faster fish. From the time they passed Bonneville Dam to death, these fish, depending on gender, used 95-99% of their muscle and 73-86% of their visceral lipid stores. Also, both sexes used about 32% of their muscular and very little of their visceral protein stores. However, we were unable to relate energy use and reproductive success to migration history. Our results suggest a possible influence of the CRB hydroelectric system on adult salmonid energetics. Published in 2006 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
DDT-Resistant Codling Moths on Pears in California

Several reports were received indicating inadequate control of codling moth ( Carpocapsa pomonella (L.)) on pears with DDT during the 1958 season. Field plots were established in three of the orchards to determine if a resistance problem was present and to evaluate other materials and combinations. Resistance was indicated by poor control with DDT, and no significant difference between plots treated with DDT plus parathion and parathion alone. Guthion® ( O,O -dimethyl S -(4-oxo-1,2,3-benzotriazin-3-(4 H -yl-methyl) phosphorodithioate) and Ethyl Guthion® 0,0 -dicthyl S -(4-oxo-1,2,3-benzotriazin-3-(4 H )-ylmethyl) phosphorodithioate) at 1½ pounds per 100 gallons gave excellent control. When the dosage was reduced to ¾ pound, there was a significant increase in codling moth entires in none thrial but not in another. An emulsion concentrate formulation was not as effective as the wettable powder. Sevin® (1-naphthyl methylcarbamate) provided good control in all of the trials. Kepone® (decachlorooctahydro-1,3,4-metheno-2 H -cyclobuta[ed] pentalen-2-one) and Trithion® ( S-(p -chlorophenylthio)methyl O,O -diethyl phosphorodithioate) did not provide commercial control. Diazinon® ( O,O -diethyl O -(2-isopropyl-4-methyl-6-pyrimidinyl) phosphorothioate) was effective when used at 2-week intervals, but was not satisfactory when compared with Sevin and Guthion in a standard schedule timed by bait pan catches.
The synergistic effect of Halide ions on the corrosion inhibition of zinc by n-decylamine

Abstract The effect of halide ions on the spontaneous dissolution and the anodic and cathodic polarization of zinc in perchloric acid solution with and without n -decylamine has been studied. Halide ions enhanced the corrosion of zinc, whereas n -decylamine inhibited the corrosion of zinc. The inhibitor efficiency of n -decylamine is increased significantly by the presence of halide ions. A consistent surface coverage value is obtained both from weight loss and polarization studies. n -decylamine acts mainly as a cathodic inhibitor. The change in the free energy of adsorption of n -decylamine in the presence of halide ions is explained in terms of a change in the mechanism of corrosion inhibition. Synergism of n -decylamine and halide ions is discussed from a view point of a model of co-adsorption of halide ions and n -decylamine.
The Role of Bacteria in the Florida Red Tide

Abstract While Gymnodinium breve is generally recognized as the principal cause of Florida red tide, insufficient attention has been devoted to bacteria associated with this dinoflagellate. As a working hypothesis we propose that growth of G. breve during a bloom is stimulated by the concurrent or prior growth of marine bacteria which supply known vitamin requirements and perhaps other growth factors. After the first cycle of G. breve multiplication results in fish kills, saprophytic bacteria including red chromogens appear in response to nutrients from dying fish and invertebrates or from disintegrating G. breve cells. The red discoloration is due not to G. breve, but to chromogenic bacteria. Toxins from bacteria in the first or second stages might act in synergy with G. breve toxin. Repeating and/or overlapping cycles of these stages might be obscured in a massive bloom. Chromogenic bacteria might be inapparent in a minor bloom. From research on the red tide outbreaks of 1971 and 1972, data are presente...
CSF glutamate during hypoxia-ischemia in the immature rat.

Abstract Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) glutamate was measured prior to and during the course of cerebral hypoxia–ischemia in the immature rat to estimate its concentration in the extracellular fluid (ECF). A preliminary experiment was conducted using [ 14 C ]glutamate injections into immature rat brain, which showed that equilibration between ECF and CSF occurred within 10 min. Seven-day postnatal rats underwent unilateral common carotid artery ligation followed by hypoxia with 8% oxygen for up to 2 h. Brain damage, in the form of selective neuronal necrosis or apoptosis, commences after 60 min, while infarction commences after 90 min of hypoxia–ischemia. During the course of hypoxia–ischemia, CSF was obtained from the cisterna magna and analyzed for glutamate. No statistically significant increases in CSF glutamate occurred until 105 min, at which time the concentration was 240% of control (20 μmol/l). By 120 min, CSF glutamate had increased over twofold above the control value. In rat pups exposed to 1 h of hypoxia–ischemia, no increases in CSF glutamate occurred for up to 6 h of recovery. In animals exposed to 2 h of hypoxia–ischemia, CSF glutamate decreased to the control value by 1 h of recovery, with a secondary rise at 6 h. Accordingly, the increase in CSF, and presumably ECF, glutamate is a late event, which better corresponds temporally to cerebral infarction than to selective neuronal death. The results suggest that glutamate excitotoxicity, although involved in the occurrence of infarction, neither causes or contributes to selected neuronal death. The secondary elevation in CSF glutamate at 6 h of recovery from 2 h of hypoxia–ischemia occurs coincident with the onset of tissue necrosis, seen histologically.
Energy Storage for Relief of Transmission Congestion

Recent investigations by EPRI have focused on the application of existing technologies to reduce power system carbon footprint. Research examined the technical feasibility and potential benefits of energy storage to increase transmission capability of congested transmission networks that serve regions of the country having large renewable generation assets. The use of storage to relieve thermal constraints has not yet been explored or validated in depth. This paper summarizes the results of this research. These include a brief overview of different applications of storage, and a survey of past work by EPRI and others that investigated the application of energy storage on the transmission system. An in-depth description on the potential use of batteries storage to increase transmission capability in thermal-limited transmission paths is presented. A case study on a generic power system model illustrates the concept, with an economic analysis on benefits and costs. Conclusions and future steps are given.
Subjective Evaluation of HEVC in Mobile Devices

Mobile compute environments provide a unique set of user needs and expectations that designers must consider. With increased multimedia use in mobile environments, video encoding methods within the smart phone market segment are key factors that contribute to positive user experience. Currently available display resolutions and expected cellular bandwidth are major factors the designer must consider when determining which encoding methods should be supported. The desired goal is to maximize the consumer experience, reduce cost, and reduce time to market. This paper presents a comparative evaluation of the quality of user experience when HEVC and AVC/H.264 video coding standards were used. The goal of the study was to evaluate any improvements in user experience when using HEVC. Subjective comparisons were made between H.264/AVC and HEVC encoding standards in accordance with Doublestimulus impairment scale (DSIS) as defined by ITU-R BT.500-13. Test environments are based on smart phone LCD resolutions and expected cellular bit rates, such as 200kbps and 400kbps. Subjective feedback shows both encoding methods are adequate at 400kbps constant bit rate. However, a noticeable consumer experience gap was observed for 200 kbps. Significantly less H.264 subjective quality is noticed with video sequences that have multiple objects moving and no single point of visual attraction. Video sequences with single points of visual attraction or few moving objects tended to have higher H.264 subjective quality.
Solid Modeling Applied to Fibrous Assemblies. Part I: Twisted Yarns

In our earlier work, we developed a model for fibrous assemblies by treating each yarn as a true three-dimensional structure. We then were able to predict various orientation limits by manipulating the model until geometric self-intersection would occur. However, that model treated the yarns as inextensible and incompressible. In this paper, we propose an abstraction to visualize the effects of yarn compressibility and then study the results of applying the new model on a final object that is primarily one-dimensional in nature - a rope-like structure composed of a twisted bundle of individual yarns.
Daphnia swarms: from single agent dynamics to collective vortex formation

Swarm theories have become fashionable in theoretical physics over the last decade. They span the range of interactions from individual agents moving in a mean field to coherent collective motions of large agent populations, such as vortex-swarming. But controlled laboratory tests of these theories using real biological agents have been problematic due primarily to poorly known agent-agent interactions (in the case of e.g. bacteria and slime molds) or the large swarm size (e.g. for flocks of birds and schools of fish). Moreover, the entire range of behaviors from single agent interactions to collective vortex motions of the swarm have here-to-fore not been observed with a single animal. We present the results of well defined experiments with the zooplankton Daphnia in light fields showing this range of behaviors. We interpret our results with a theory of the motions of self-propelled agents in a field.
Magneto-Elastic Effects and 3-mm Microwave Resonance in Single-Crystal Tb 85 Y 15

Ferromagnetic resonance at 102.5 GHz has been observed in the rare-earth intermetallic alloy ${\mathrm{Tb}}_{85}$${\mathrm{Y}}_{15}$ and the data have been compared with the theory of Cooper, including the magneto-elastic effects in the frozen-strain model. Based on a N\'eel temperature of 204\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K, parameters which give the best fit to the data are: axial anisotropy ${P}_{2}S=15.5$ \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K/ atom and magneto-elastic constant ${D}^{\ensuremath{\gamma}}=1.7$ \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K/ atom. These compare to the values for pure Tb: ${P}_{2}S=18.2$ \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K/ atom and ${D}^{\ensuremath{\gamma}}=1.7$ \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K/ atom. A physical explanation for the observed dependence of ${P}_{2}S$ on the concentration of a nonmagnetic diluent (Y) is given.
Phase-referenced interferometer with subwavelength and subhertz sensitivity applied to the study of cell membrane dynamics

We report a highly sensitive means of measuring cellular dynamics with a novel interferometer that can measure motional phase changes. The system is based on a modified Michelson interferometer with a composite laser beam of 1550-nm low-coherence light and 775-nm CW light. The sample is prepared on a coverslip that is highly reflective at 775 nm. By referencing the heterodyne phase of the 1550-nm light reflected from the sample to that of the 775-nm light reflected from the coverslip, small motions in the sample are detected, and motional artifacts from vibrations in the interferometer are completely eliminated. We demonstrate that the system is sensitive to motions as small as 3.6 nm and velocities as small as 1 nm/s. Using the instrument, we study transient volume changes of a few (approximately three) cells in a monolayer immersed in weakly hypotonic and hypertonic solutions.
Incidental myocarditis with intravenous drug abuse: The pathology, immunopathology, and potential implications for human immunodeficiency virus-associated myocarditis

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated myocarditis is well reported. Many of these patients are also intravenous (IV) drug abusers. This study examined sudden death victims from the Office of the Chief Medical Examiner, State of Maryland, for active myocarditis. A group of HIV-negative drug abusers is compared with a group of HIV-negative victims without any known risk factors for the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Using modified Dallas criteria combined with an avidin-biotin-labeled immunoperoxidase procedure, the cases were classified as active, borderline, or absent myocarditis. Serologic analysis for circulating antimyocardial antibody was performed along with phenotypic analysis of the infiltrate. Of the 15 IV drug abuse cases examined, none were positive for HIV (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blot). With IV drug abuse as the primary risk factor, five cases demonstrated active myocarditis, while five others had borderline myocarditis. Only one of 10 low-risk patients had a lymphocytic infiltrate consistent with borderline myocarditis. Drug abuse-related myocarditis was associated with cardiac pathology resulting in sudden death in only one case. Antimyocardial antibodies were positive in four of the 15 IV drug abuse cases, including patients with active, borderline, and absent myocarditis. The phenotypic expression of the lymphocytic infiltrates was similar to the findings reported for idiopathic and HIV-related myocarditis (Am J Pathol 137:1365-1371, 1990). Toxicology studies did not implicate any particular drug of abuse, but the increased frequency of myocarditis observed may reflect complications of cocaine or the combined effects of opiates and cocaine. Intravenous drug abuse is an independent risk factor for myocarditis and must be taken into consideration in studies of HIV-associated myocarditis.
Building strong ethics and promoting positive character development: The influence of HRM at the United States Military Academy at West Point

This article details the design and process of ethical and character development at the United States Military Academy at West Point. Based on a series of in-depth interviews coupled with a rigorous analysis of archival data, we challenge the presumption that military character development is a punitive and reactive activity. Rather, our results suggest that West Point uses a deliberate, intimate, and largely developmental approach to fulfill their mission of producing men and women of character who serve in the common defense. In particular, we found that West Point utilizes traditional human resource management functions of recruiting, selection, job rotation, and training to improve their character-development process. In addition to utilizing these traditional human resource functions, West Point also engages in more contemporary and strategic HR practices such as managing communication, promoting organizational learning, organizational design and development, and organizational socialization and culture shaping to enhance the character and integrity of its members. Accordingly, we feel that the West Point character-development approach can be utilized across settings to assist nonmilitary organizations to aspire and reach higher ethical standards. Finally, we argue that in addition to studying the ethics of HR research, scholars can look to understand how organizations can seek ethics through HR research. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Microstructural investigation of asphalt concrete for performing multiscale experimental studies

In this paper, a microstructural hypothesis for asphalt concrete (AC) is developed in order to provide a basis for a multiscale experimental investigation. The hypothesis is consistent with the belief that AC can be considered as a four-scale assemblage of components with different characteristic length scale, binder, mastic, fine aggregate matrix (FAM) and finally AC. The hypothesis is supported with a series of direct microstructural experiments including morphological observations with digital and scanning electron microscopy as well as quantitative evaluation using a novel meso-gravimetric test method developed specifically for this research. Morphological evaluation shows that asphalt mastic effectively exists as a basic building block for AC. Meso-gravimetric analysis finds that the volumetric composition of this mastic is equal to that found when assuming that mastic contains all of the effective asphalt binder and the filler-sized particles. Other key volumetric properties including FAM gradation ...
Development and characterization of microsatellite markers for analysis of population differentiation in the tree legume Acacia koa (Fabaceae: Mimosoideae) in the Hawaiian Islands

The aim of this research was to develop and use microsatellite markers to characterize the high-value timber tree Acacia koa (koa), which is endemic to the Hawaiian Islands. Genomic DNA fragments of 300-1000 bp were cloned and sequenced following enrichment for microsatellite motifs by PCR using 7 oligonucleotide repeat primers in separate reactions. Among 96 sequences analyzed, 63 contained unique microsatellite motifs flanked by variable sequences. A dual PCR method involving a primer walking step was used to develop 15 primer pairs. Another 16 primer pairs were devel- oped directly from the variable sequences on both sides of the microsatellite motifs. These 31 primer pairs were tested on 172 koa plants representing 11 populations collected from 4 of the major Hawaiian Islands. Nine of the primers that identi- fied polymorphic microsatellite loci and 3 that detected unique alleles exclusively in some populations were used for ge- netic diversity studies of koa. Cluster analysis and multidimensional scaling of the allelic phenotype data revealed that koa from Kauai formed a distinct group separate from koa of the neighboring islands of Oahu, Maui, and Hawaii. The oldest of the four islands, Kauai, also had the most diverse populations of koa.
Adsorption of nitrogen‐ and sulfur‐containing compounds on NiMoS for hydrotreating reactions: A DFT and vdW‐corrected study

Adsorption of 35 molecules, comprising of organonitrogen and organosulfur compounds and hydrocarbons relevant to hydrotreating, was studied on the nickel-promoted metal edge of molybdenum sulfide catalysts using periodic DFT, accounting for van der Waals interactions in several cases. Basic molecules tend to adsorb via their nitrogen atoms directly on top of nickel atoms while nonbasic molecules adsorb via carbon atoms relatively weakly. Molecular size, electron density, and alkyl substitution affects binding at the GGA-PW91 level of theory. van der Waals corrections influence adsorption geometry and lead to significant additional stabilization of adsorbates. The differential binding energy of nitrogen-containing compounds decreases by 0.2–0.3 eV for each additional molecule added on the edge and their presence destabilizes the binding of organosulfur compounds by more than 0.2 eV. The inhibition of hydrodesulfurization is suggested to arise from site blocking and destabilization of reaction intermediates and transition states by organonitrogen compounds. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 61: 4036–4050, 2015
Experimental investigation of density fluctuations in high-speed jets and correlation with generated noise

The air density fluctuations in the plumes of fully expanded, unheated free jets were investigated experimentally using a Rayleigh-scattering-based technique. The point measuring technique used a continuous-wave laser, fibre-optic transmission and photon counting electronics. The radial and centreline profiles of time-averaged density and root-mean-square density fluctuation provided a comparative description of jet growth. To measure density fluctuation spectra a two-photomultiplier-tube (PMT) technique was used. Cross-correlation between the two PMT signals significantly reduced the electronic shot noise contribution. The density fluctuation spectra were found to be remarkably similar for all Mach number jets. A detailed survey in fully expanded Mach 0.95, 1.4 and 1.8 jets further confirmed that the distribution of various Strouhal frequency fluctuations remained similar, except for a spatial stretching with increased Mach number. In spite of this similarity in flow fluctuations the noise sources in these three jets were found to be significantly different. Spark schlieren photographs and near-field microphone measurements confirmed that Mach wave radiation was present in the Mach 1.8 jet, and was absent in the Mach 0.95 jet. Direct correlation measurement between the flow density fluctuation (cause) and far-field sound pressure fluctuation (effect) shed further light on the sound generation process. For this purpose a microphone was kept fixed at a far-field point, mostly at a distance of 50 diameters and 30° to the flow direction, and the laser probe volume was moved from point to point in the flow. In the Mach 1.8 jet, where the convective velocity of Kelvin–Helmholtz instability waves exceeded the ambient sound speed, significant correlation was measured from the peripheral shear layer, while in the Mach 0.95 jet, where the instability waves had subsonic convective speed, no correlation could be measured. Although the same instability waves were present in both Mach 1.8 and 0.95 jets, the peripheral shear layer of the former was found to be an obvious noise source, while that of the latter was not. Further correlation studies along the jet centreline showed that behaviour in the region downstream of the potential core was similar in all Mach number jets tested, 0:6[les ]M[les ]1:8. Good correlation at low Strouhal frequencies was measured from this region, which started from downstream of the potential core and extended many diameters from there.
Students With Disabilities at 2-Year Institutions in the United States Factors Related to Success

This study used data from the Beginning Postsecondary Students Longitudinal Study to examine the demographic and in-college characteristics of students with disabilities at 2-year institutions, ide...
Nativity and Wealth in Mid-Nineteenth-Century Cities

This article uses evidence from the manuscripts of the 1860 federal census to analyze the wealth of adult males in Boston, New York, Chicago, and Indianapolis. Previous multivariate analyses of wealth from the census have been flawed by reliance on ordinary least squares; we instead use quantile regression. Immigrants fared considerably better in the Midwest than the East: immigrants in the midwestern cities held more wealth than their eastern counterparts, both absolutely and relative to the native-born in their respective cities. We explore the causes of these differences and their consequences for nineteenth-century Americans and their communities.
Lower amygdala volume in men is associated with childhood aggression, early psychopathic traits, and future violence.

BACKGROUND: Reduced amygdala volume has been implicated in the development of severe and persistent aggression and the development of psychopathic personality. With longitudinal data, the current study examined whether male subjects with lower amygdala volume have a history of aggression and psychopathic features dating back to childhood and are at increased risk for engaging in future aggression/violence. METHODS: Participants were selected from a longitudinal study of 503 male subjects initially recruited when they were in the first grade in 1986-1987. At age 26, a subsample of 56 men with varying histories of violence was recruited for a neuroimaging substudy. Automated segmentation was used to index individual differences in amygdala volume. Analyses examined the association between amygdala volume and levels of aggression and psychopathic features of participants measured in childhood and adolescence. Analyses also examined whether amygdala volume was associated with violence and psychopathic traits assessed at a 3-year follow-up. RESULTS: Men with lower amygdala volume exhibited higher levels of aggression and psychopathic features from childhood to adulthood. Lower amygdala volume was also associated with aggression, violence, and psychopathic traits at a 3-year follow-up, even after controlling for earlier levels of these features. All effects remained after accounting for several potential confounds. CONCLUSIONS: This represents the first prospective study to demonstrate that men with lower amygdala volume have a longstanding history of aggression and psychopathic features and are at increased risk for committing future violence. Studies should further examine whether specific amygdala abnormalities might be a useful biomarker for severe and persistent aggression. Language: en
Timing jitter measurements at the SLC electron source

The SLC (Stanford Linear Collider) thermionic gun and electron source provide a beam of up to 15*10/sup 10/ e/sup -/ in a single S-band bunch. A 170-keV, 2-ns FWHM (full width at half maximum) pulse out of the gun is compressed by means of two subharmonic buncher cavities followed by an S-band buncher and a standard SLAC (Stanford Linear Accelerator Center) accelerating section. Ceramic gaps in the beam pipe at the output of the gun allow measurement of the beam intensity and timing. A measurement at these gaps of the timing jitter, with a resolution of >
Leveraging NFC and LBS Technologies to Improve User Experiences

In old days, most of the enterprise collect their customer experience by using questionnaire. However, with the emergence of IT technology, many new way/methodology could enhance your customer's experience. In this paper, we focus on the topic of how to well utilize technologies nowadays to improve user experience. We propose service experience modeling for call center and online web sites, and leveraging Near Field Communication (NFC) and Location Based Service (LBS) in people daily life. We also present a demonstration that fully describes how these technologies be used to improve user's satisfaction.
Peripheral opioidergic regulation of the tracheobronchial mucociliary transport system

We hypothesized that, in the airway mucosa, opioids are inhibitory neural modulators that cause an increase in net water absorption in the airway mucosa (as in the gut). Changes in bidirectional wa...
COMPARATIVE TESTS OF POROSITY AND SPECIFIC GRAVITY ON DIFFERENT TYPES OF REFRACTORY BRICK1

Comparative data of porosity and specific gravity on several types of refractory brick are presented. Apparent porosity is obtained directly by the water absorption and air expansion methods. Total porosity is calculated from the true specific gravity and apparent specific gravity is calculated from the observed porosity values. The results indicate (1) a more accurate measurement of open pore space in bricks by means of the air expansion method than by water absorption, and (2) the absence of sealed pores in some types of refractory brick.
A Novel Provably Secure Anonymous Communication (PSAC) Scheme

Anonymity is increasingly important for network communications concerning about censorship and privacy. Early research on source anonymous communication protocols generally stems from mixnet and DC-net. They either cannot provide provable anonymity or suffer from transmission collision. To solve this problem, a k-anonymous protocol based on hierarchical ring structure and mix technique was proposed. This proposed protocol is collision free and provides provable k-anonymity for both the sender and the recipient. However, this protocol requires the trustworthiness of k honest nodes, therefore, anonymity is only conditional. Alternatively, in this paper, we propose a provably secure anonymous communication (PSAC) scheme without relying on any trusted third parties. While ensuring the message sender anonymity, it can also provide message content authenticity. The proposed PSAC scheme can prevent tracing the senders of messages and limits the disruption that can be caused by participants.
Tumor deposition of laminin-5 and the relationship with perineural invasion.

Objectives/Hypothesis Perineural invasion (PNI) is increasingly being recognized as an important indicator of aggressiveness in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. The mechanisms of PNI are poorly understood. Laminin-5, an important basement membrane constituent, has been shown to be essential in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma invasion and motility. We hypothesized that tumors exhibiting increased expression of laminin-5 are more likely to be neurotropic. Study Design Analysis of archived surgical specimens with and without PNI for presence and intensity of laminin-5 tumor staining. Methods Immunohistochemistry of archived head and neck squamous cell carcinoma specimens with known PNI was performed with anti–laminin-5 antibodies and appropriate positive and negative control specimens. The staining patterns were characterized as follows: A, few to no tumor cells positive; B, some peripheral cells positive; C, all peripheral cells positive; and D, almost all tumor cells positive. Statistical analysis was by χ2 analysis. Results Forty-six PNI-positive and 18 PNI-negative specimens were analyzed. The staining distribution for the PNI-positive specimens was as follows: 2% for A, 41% for B, 46% for C, and 11% for D. For tumors without PNI, the distribution was 28% for A, 50% for B, 22% for C, and 0% for D (P = .005). In PNI-positive tumors, no significant difference in staining was seen between areas with and without PNI. Conclusions We found a significant correlation between laminin-5 staining and the presence of PNI in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Expression of laminin-5 by tumors is, possibly, an important step in the process of PNI. These preliminary findings support the concept that deposition of basement membrane constituents are required in the multistep process of nerve invasion.
Entanglement Networks of 1, 2-Polybutadiene Cross-Linked in States of Strain. XV. Simple Extension Case: Application of the CKF Theory to Stress Strain and Stress Relaxation Data

The cross-linking of 1, 2-polybutadiene strained in simple extension has been described in previous papers of this series. 1–5 When a strained sample with stretch ratio λo is crosslinked with γ irradiation near the glass-transition temperature (Tg), the resulting cross-link network traps the entanglements originally present; after release and warming, the sample seeks a state of ease with stretch ratio λs in which the forces associated with the cross-links and the trapped entanglements act in opposite directions. From λo and λs, together with stress-strain measurements in extension from the state of ease, or simply from the equilibrium stress at λo, the concentration of trapped entanglement strands νN, can be calculated and compared with the entanglement strand density estimated from transient measurements on the uncrosslinked polymer. To obtain consistent results, especially for stress-strain relations in large extensions of the dual network from its state of ease, it is necessary to attribute deviations from neo-Hookean elasticity to the trapped entanglement network, as described by the CKF Theory Coefficients C1N and C2N which are Mooney-Rivlin in character, whereas the crosslink network appears to be simply neo-Hookean described by the CKF Theory CoefficientC1X only.
The Church and Spanish American Agrarian Structure: 1765–1865

During the century between 1765 and 1865, the double impact of the industrial and agricultural revolutions brought profound change to rural society in Europe and North America. In England, the enclosure movement and the innovations associated with “ high farming ” culminated in the destruction of the English peasantry and the growth of a productive rural capitalism that underlay Victorian industrial development. On the continent new crop rotations and improved animals increased output while political revolution resulted in drastic changes in European agrarian structure and in the lives of lord and peasant. In North America (and in such regions as Australia and New Zealand) wholly new rural societies were created as population grew and rail and steam began to put these peripheral zones within reach of the industrial world.
The Anti-Rachitic Value of Cod Liver Meal

Abstract As a by-product of the making of cod liver oil, large quantities of cod liver tissue, still containing approximately 40 per cent of cod liver fat, are obtained. This product, dried and pulverized, is known as cod liver meal, and is offered as a potential source of the anti-rachitic vitamin. Cod liver meal also usually contains about 40 per cent protein, 3 per cent of mineral matter, and being prepared as a meal can very conveniently be mixed with the other ingredients of the ration. The question immediately presented is,—How much Vitamin D is present in a typically well prepared cod liver meal, made only of cod liver tissue? Cruickshank1, Hart and Halpin reported that 1 per cent of a cod liver meal containing 45 per cent fat promoted good calcification. Bethke2 reports an investigation of the rickets preventing properties of three cod liver meals, two of which were . . .
Autism services in Mexico: A qualitative survey of education professionals

Many countries are experiencing a dramatic increase of Mexican immigrants in recent decades, especially the United States. It is essential that professionals understand the cultural expectations and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) diagnostic and intervention practices in Mexico to be better prepared to meet the needs of this population. In fact, immigrant children from Mexico face significantly more educational and mental health disparities than other immigrant populations. The purpose of this paper is to describe a survey of professionals working in Mexico regarding their ASD diagnostic and screening practices. The survey items were designed to elicit meaningful information regarding the ASD diagnostic and intervention practices in Mexico. This level of awareness and knowledge about current practices in Mexico is critical for supporting parent–professional collaboration during the ASD educational identification process in the United States as well as other countries with populations of Mexican immigrants.
FEEDBACK DECOUPLING AND NONINTERACTING CONTROL FOR GENERAL NONLINEAR SYSTEMS

In this paper,we discussed feedback decoupling and noninteracting control problems for generalnonlinear systems by the differential geometric approach.Necessary and sufficient conditions for thesolvabilities of these problems are given.