cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Feedback on feedback: Assessing learner receptivity to teacher response in L2 composing

Abstract Writing research has generated impressive empirical data on composing processes, including text production, recursive procedures, and the contribution of feedback to revision. Second language (L2) intervention studies further indicate that certain forms of teacher feedback affect text quality more positively than others. Mixed findings suggest that we should look beyond the written product to explore the cognitive effects of intervention as they influence the mediational processes of text construction and modification. Few studies have accounted for learner reactions to teacher intervention behaviors which impact emerging composing skills and ultimate proficiency. This study focuses on the following research questions: (1) How do L2 learners react when they receive teacher feedback? (2) How do these responses affect the evolution of students' perception of text quality and their composing processes? (3) Do English as a Second Language (ESL) and foreign language (FL) learners differ systematically in terms of self-appraisal patterns and responses to feedback? Quantitative data based on an analysis of an in-depth survey of 247 basic L2 (110 ESL and 137 FL) writers' responses to feedback conventions employed by their composition instructors are presented. The findings provide insight into teacher behaviors which function positively and negatively as apprentice writers create and modify text.
Environmental Correlates of Upstream Migration of Yellow-Phase American Eels in the Potomac River Drainage

Abstract Assessing the relationships between upstream migration and environmental variables is important to understanding the ecology of yellow-phase American Eels Anguilla rostrata. During an American Eel migration study within the lower Shenandoah River (Potomac River drainage), we counted and measured American Eels at the Millville Dam eel ladder for three periods: 14 May–23 July 2004, 7–30 September 2004, and 1 June–31 July 2005. Using generalized estimating equations, we modeled each time series of daily American Eel counts by fitting time-varying environmental covariates of lunar illumination (LI), river discharge (RD), and water temperature (WT), including 1-d and 2-d lags of each covariate. Information-theoretic approaches were used for model selection and inference. A total of 4,847 American Eels (19–74 cm total length) used the ladder during the three periods, including 2,622 individuals during a 2-d span following a hurricane-induced peak in river discharge. Additive-effects models of RD + WT, ...
The impact of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act: early evidence from earnings management

This study investigates the impact of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, passed in October 2002, on earnings management practices amongst firms in the three major US stock market exchanges. The evidence suggests that immediately after the Sarbanes-Oxley Act was enacted earning management declined by up to 12%, indicating that the political and economic costs of misleading the market through manipulation of earnings may have increased.
On the security of a public-key traitor tracing scheme with sublinear ciphertext size

Traitor tracing refers to a class of encryption schemes that can be used to deter key-leakage. They apply to a setting that involves many receivers, each one receiving a fingerprinted decryption key. If a set of malicious receivers (also known as traitors) constructs an illicit decoder then a tracing mechanism enables an authority to identify at least one of the traitors. The very first traitor tracing scheme that has sublinear ciphertext size and is capable of tracing unambiguously illicit decoders that may shut-down (or employ some sort of self-defensive mechanism that would be adverse to tracing) was proposed in AsiaCrypt 2004 by Matsushita and Imai.In this work we demonstrate that this scheme is susceptible to an attack by an illicit decoder that not only evades tracing but results with high likelihood in the incrimination of an innocent user. Our attack is based on the fact that an illicit decoder can decompose a ciphertext to a set of components that can be submitted to a statistical test which distinguishes between tracing and regular system operation. The statistical distance between the two distributions converges to 1 as the number of traitors grows with an exponential rate in the number of traitors. After demonstrating our attack we also present a way to repair the construction as long as the traitors are not spaced too far apart in the user population. In particular we devise a transmission mechanism that eliminates the discrepancies between the tracing operation and the regular operation in the system and works against illicit decoders that are correct with sufficiently high probability.
Immunotherapy for Ovarian Cancer: What's Next?

In the past decade, we have witnessed important gains in the treatment of ovarian cancer; however, additional advances are required to reduce mortality. With compelling evidence that ovarian cancers are immunogenic tumors, immunotherapy should be further pursued and optimized. The dramatic advances in laboratory and clinical procedures in cellular immunotherapy, along with the development of powerful immunomodulatory antibodies, create new opportunities in ovarian cancer therapeutics. Herein, we review current progress and future prospects in vaccine and adoptive T-cell therapy development as well as immunomodulatory therapy tools available for immediate clinical testing.
Multiview Reductive Decomposition

Introduction: Data analysis for diagnostic purposes is considered from the standpoint of applying visualization to medical problem solving systems. We focus on efficacy and efficiency of decision-making based on visualization of reductive decompositions of time series image data. Methods: A multiview reductive decomposition presentation is a collection of reduced cardinality subsets of transformed data the results from decisions based on original data directly to optimal decisions are equivalent to those from the decomposition presentations and from a reconstructed approximation of the original data based on the presentations. Results: Three classes of decomposition are evaluated: interactive dynamic, fixed dynamic, and static. Dynamic change with time. Fixed dynamic presentations are suitable for videotape, while interactive require a computer. Methods for design and evaluation of novel presentations, and equations for analysis of error propagation are presented. Conclusions: Computed decomposition and presentation of time-series data offers substantive reductions in the expertise and time required to understand complex data sets. Visualization is intrinsic to the method, and is also useful for comparing different decompositions. The interdependence of non- orthogonal decompositions provides context and improves confidence tracking. Performance is enhanced by tailoring data visualization to the requirements of the problem-solving system.© (1998) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Dependence on Temperature of the Distribution of Cations in Oxide Spinels

THE fact that the cations in the typical spinel A 2 BO 4 can be distributed in the so-called normal manner A 2 VI B IVO4, in the inverse manner (AB)VI A IVO4 or ‘randomly’ with A and B ions statistically distributed over the sites, has long been used to characterize spinel structure phases. Verwey and Heilman1, Gorter2 and Romeign3 have presented many data and lists on the ‘type’ of a particular spinel. Recent crystal field theory has also attempted to explain the position of a cation in oxide spinels4. Certain phases, for example NiAl2O4, have been characterized as partially inverse or even quantitatively as ‘85 per cent inverse’, the cation distribution being (Ni0.15Al0.85)IV (Ni0.85Al1.15)VIO4. There is in addition, of course, possible ordering on the octahedral and tetrahedral sites in phases such as LiAl5O8.
Demonstrating the Effectiveness of an Integrated and Intensive Research Methods and Statistics Course Sequence

We developed a two-semester series of intensive (six-contact hours per week) behavioral research methods courses with an integrated statistics curriculum. Our approach includes the use of team-based learning, authentic projects, and Excel and SPSS. We assessed the effectiveness of our approach by examining our students’ content area scores on the area concentration achievement test (ACAT) for psychology students. On average, our students scored significantly higher on the ACAT experimental methods and statistics content areas than the national norm. This intensive approach to teaching behavioral research methods and statistics is effective.
Electroweak and Higgs physics at DØ

We present recent results from the DO experiment on W and Z boson production using $\approx~50\;\rm pb^{-1}$ of Run II data recorded at the center of mass energy of 1.96 TeV at the Fermilab Tevatron. Initial studies of W/Z+2 jets production that are relevant to Higgs searches are also discussed. PACS: 13.38.Be Decays of W bosons – 13.38.Dg Decays of Z boson – 14.80.Bn Standard-model Higgs boson
Location of a faulty module in a computing system

Considering the interplay between different phases of fault tolerance, a new problem of locating a faulty module in a computing system is formulated and solved. First, the probability of each module being faulty, or faulty probability, is calculated using the likelihood principle from the model parameters for fault detection, diagnostics, error propagation, and error detection. Then, based on the faulty probabilities and a given required diagnostic coverage, the order in which modules are to be diagnosed and the maximum time allotted to diagnose each module are determined by minimizing the average total diagnostic time. An example is presented and analyzed to answer the question of whether or not a system should delay the diagnosis upon detection of an error until more errors are detected. >
Abdominal myomectomy after failed uterine artery embolization.

Objective Report a case of a difficult myomectomy after a failed uterine artery embolization (UAE). Design Case report. Setting A university medical center. Patient(s) A 30-year-old woman with pelvic pain and menorrhagia secondary to an enlarging 18- to 20-week-size fibroid uterus. Intervention(s) Abdominal myomectomy. Main Outcome Measure(s) Complicated myomectomy after UAE. Result(s) A patient underwent a difficult myomectomy after failed UAE. The myomectomy was only partially completed due to the difficult dissection of the myomas. Conclusion(s) Myomectomy after UAE may be unusually difficult due to the degenerative changes that occur within the leiomyomas.
Seismicity and tectonics of western Venezuela

abstract New seismicity data on western Venezuela and northeastern Colombia are presented. Teleseismically recorded earthquakes from 1930 through 1970 have been relocated by Joint Hypocenter Determination (JHD) or with source-station adjustments calculated by JHD. Additionally, 540 days of recording have been obtained with local seismographs installed near the Bocono Fault. The most intense shallow activity occurred north and south of the Tachira Depression along the eastern flank of the Cordillera Oriental of Colombia. The Bocono Fault Zone is seismically active; small shallow shocks were recorded in it by the local stations. Shallow earthquakes also occur in the Cordillera de Merida away from the Bocono Fault. The new hypocenters for the intermediate-depth Bucaramanga earthquakes define a smaller source volume than defined by previously computed hypocenters. A previously inferred southward-dipping seismic zone near Bucaramanga is probably spurious, a consequence of correlation between errors in latitude and errors in depth. If one assumes that these intermediate-depth earthquakes lie on a single lithospheric slab, that slab strikes approximately north and dips to the east. The distribution of hypocenters and focal mechanisms support the platetectonic hypothesis that the present tectonics of northwestern Venezuela are a result of eastward motion of the Caribbean plate with respect to the South American plate. The principal interface between these two plates may have changed within the last 5 m.y. from a zone of underthrusting west of the Sierra de Perija to the predominantly right-lateral Bocono Fault Zone.
Fetal Nose Bone Length A Marker for Down Syndrome in the Second Trimester

Objective. To evaluate the significance of nasal bone length in relation to the detection of Down syndrome in the second trimester. Methods. We evaluated consecutive fetuses referred to our facility between 15 and 20 weeks’ gestation for sonography and amniocentesis because of an increased risk of aneuploidy. A detailed structural survey, biometric measurements, and measurement of the nasal bone were obtained at the time of amniocentesis and subsequently compared with karyotype. The characteristics of the fetuses with Down syndrome were compared with those of the euploid fetuses. Results. A total of 239 fetuses were evaluated. Sixteen fetuses (7%) had Down syndrome, and 223 were euploid. In fetuses with Down syndrome, 6 (37%) of 16 did not have detectable nose bones, compared with 1 (0.5%) of 223 control fetuses, yielding a likelihood ratio of 83. Detectable nasal bones were seen in 10 fetuses with Down syndrome and 222 euploid fetuses. A receiver operating characteristic curve for the biparietal diameter‐nasal bone length ratio showed that a value of 9 or greater detected 100% of fetuses with Down syndrome and 22% of euploid fetuses. If the ratio were 10 or greater, then 81% fetuses with Down syndrome and 11% of euploid fetuses would have been identified. If the ratio were 11 or greater, 69% of fetuses with Down syndrome would be identified, compared with 5% of euploid fetuses. Conclusions. The absence of a nasal bone is a powerful mark
Outcomes for implementation science: an enhanced systematic review of instruments using evidence-based rating criteria.

High-quality measurement is critical to advancing knowledge in any field. New fields, such as implementation science, are often beset with measurement gaps and poor quality instruments, a weakness that can be more easily addressed in light of systematic review findings. Although several reviews of quantitative instruments used in implementation science have been published, no studies have focused on instruments that measure implementation outcomes. Proctor and colleagues established a core set of implementation outcomes including: acceptability, adoption, appropriateness, cost, feasibility, fidelity, penetration, sustainability (Adm Policy Ment Health Ment Health Serv Res 36:24–34, 2009). The Society for Implementation Research Collaboration (SIRC) Instrument Review Project employed an enhanced systematic review methodology (Implement Sci 2: 2015) to identify quantitative instruments of implementation outcomes relevant to mental or behavioral health settings. Full details of the enhanced systematic review methodology are available (Implement Sci 2: 2015). To increase the feasibility of the review, and consistent with the scope of SIRC, only instruments that were applicable to mental or behavioral health were included. The review, synthesis, and evaluation included the following: (1) a search protocol for the literature review of constructs; (2) the literature review of instruments using Web of Science and PsycINFO; and (3) data extraction and instrument quality ratings to inform knowledge synthesis. Our evidence-based assessment rating criteria quantified fundamental psychometric properties as well as a crude measure of usability. Two independent raters applied the evidence-based assessment rating criteria to each instrument to generate a quality profile. We identified 104 instruments across eight constructs, with nearly half (n = 50) assessing acceptability and 19 identified for adoption, with all other implementation outcomes revealing fewer than 10 instruments. Only one instrument demonstrated at least minimal evidence for psychometric strength on all six of the evidence-based assessment criteria. The majority of instruments had no information regarding responsiveness or predictive validity. Implementation outcomes instrumentation is underdeveloped with respect to both the sheer number of available instruments and the psychometric quality of existing instruments. Until psychometric strength is established, the field will struggle to identify which implementation strategies work best, for which organizations, and under what conditions.
Predicting rock music consumption behaviors of undergraduates: Demographic versus psychological variables

(1993). Predicting rock music consumption behaviors of undergraduates: Demographic versus psychological variables. Popular Music and Society: Vol. 17, No. 4, pp. 13-28.
Self-similar particle-size distributions during coagulation: theory and experimental verification

A quantitative theory for particle coagulation in continuous particle size distributions is presented and experimentally verified. The analysis, following Friedlander (1960a, b), assumes a local equilibrium in the size distribution maintained by a particle flux through the size distribution, Only particle collisions caused by Brownian motion, fluid shear and differences in settling velocities are considered. For intervals of particle size where only one coagulation mechanism is dominant, dimensional analysis predicts self-similar size distributions that contain only one dimensionless constant for each mechanism. Experiments were designed to test these predictions with clay particles in artificial seawater sheared in the gap between concentric rotating cylinders. Particle-size distributions measured over time were self-similar in shape and agreed with the Brownian- and shear-coagulation prediction in terms of shape and dependence on fluid shear rate and particle volume flux through the size distribution.
Primary Transmission of Multidrug-Resistant and Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis among HIV-Infected Persons: What Does the Future Hold in Store?

This editorial commentary discusses multi-drug resistant (MDR) and extensively drug resistant (XDR) tuberculosis. It identities challenges in combating the epidemic of MDR and XDR TB in the HIV-infected population recognizes improvements necessary in the infection control in hospitals and clinics states the increase in speed in identifying and initiating treatment of MDR & XDR TB and recognizes the need to expand antiretroviral coverage for HIV-infected people in the community.
A method for the generation and evaluation of architecture alternatives on the cloud

Capability focused analysis of system of systems architecture alternatives often only considers a small number of alternatives. The analysis typically includes nonlinear aspects which demand a more thorough exploration of the design space. A method is presented for the automatic generation and evaluation of architecture alternatives that has been adapted to cloud computing resources. Both different system portfolios and different operational architectures can be analyzed in a unified way. The authors develop a declarative notation for describing system of system architecture alternatives. The method (CFML) can be used to enumerate and evaluate a larger portion of the decision space.
The extended frontal approach to tumors of the anterior, middle, and posterior skull base

The extended frontal approach is a modification of the transbasal approach of Derome. The addition of a bilateral orbitofrontal or orbitofrontoethmoidal osteotomy improves the exposure of midline lesions of the anterior, middle, and posterior skull base, while minimizing the need for frontal lobe retraction. The authors present a 5-year experience with 49 patients operated on via the extended frontal approach. In seven patients, the extended frontal approach was used alone; in the remaining 42, it was combined with other skull base approaches. Highly malignant tumors were removed en bloc, whereas benign tumors and low-grade malignancies were removed either en bloc or piecemeal. Reconstruction was usually performed using fascia lata, a pericranial flap, and/or autologous fat. A temporalis muscle flap or a distant microvascular free flap was required for some patients. One patient died 1 month postoperatively due to superior mesenteric artery thrombosis. Three patients had postoperative infections, two had cerebrospinal fluid leaks requiring reoperation, and four had brain contusions or hematomas. All but two patients recovered to their preoperative functional level. After an average follow-up period of 26 months (range 6 to 56 months), 64% of patients with benign lesions, 64% of patients with low-grade malignancies, and 44% of patients with high-grade lesions were alive with no evidence of disease.
New bisoliton solutions in dispersion managed systems

In this paper we propose a method which provides a full description of solitary wave solutions of the Schrodinger equation with periodically varying dispersion. This method is based on analysis and polynomial deformation of the spectrum of an iterative map. Using this method we discover a new family of antisymmetric bisoliton solutions. In addition to the fact that these solutions are of interest for nonlinear fiber optics and the theory of nonlinear Schrodinger equations with periodic coefficients, they have potential applications for increasing of bit-rate in high speed optical fiber communications.
From the Inside Out: Ethnographic Methods in Political Research

D insider perspectives and groundlevel processes “matter” in political life? Do ethnographic approaches to the study of politics have a place in the discipline? How one answers these questions depends on the particular research question(s) being asked and the epistemological predispositions of the researcher(s). But, even the staunchest proponents of deductive, quantitative, and rational choice approaches tend to answer with a qualified “yes.” For those occasions when these phenomena indeed warrant study, ethnographic methods are among the tools in the methodological toolbox. Yet, it is striking how few political scientists reach for them, and how even fewer become expert in their use. The rising technical sophistication of computer-aided methods might make ethnographic study seem lacking in rigor—a sort of quaint relic of yesteryear. As part of a drive to take calls for methodological pluralism seriously, this article addresses the question of ethnography’s utility, suggesting that it sheds crucial light on central issues about political life. We are motivated by a truism that bears repeating: if we privilege certain methods of inquiry over others, we lose the potential to generate important insights about the political world. Our purpose in this article is threefold. First, we suggest that the marginalization of ethnographic methods leads to a lamentable state of affairs in which certain types of research questions a priori are undervalued by the discipline. Second, we argue that the usual criticisms of ethnographic methods are rooted in inaccuracies about what ethnographic work entails. Like other approaches, ethnography has shortcomings, but if used judiciously, its contribution is noteworthy. Third, given the marginalization of ethnographic methods, we suggest that a positive agenda for incorporating them into graduate curricula should be a central part of reform in the discipline.
Learning with F

In this talk, I will describe how the Applied Games Group at Microsoft Research Cambridge uses F#. This group consists of seven people, and specializes in the application of statistical machine learning, especially ranking problems. The ranking systems they have developed are used by the XBox Live team to do server-side analysis of game logs, and they recently entered an internal competition to improve "click-through" prediction rates on Microsoft adCenter, a multi-million dollar industry for the company. The amount of data analysed by the tools is astounding: e.g. 3TB in one case, with programs running continuously over four weeks of training data and occupying all the physical memory on the 64-bit 16GB machines we use.F# plays a crucial role in helping the group process this data efficiently and develop smart algorithms that extract essential features from the data and represent the information using the latest statistical technique called "factor graphs". Our use of F# in conjunction with SQL Server 2005 is especially interesting: we use novel compilation techniques to express the primary schema in F# and then use SQL Server as a data slave.
A New Approach to Assessing Road User Charges

This book examines methods of assessing vehicle charges for their use of roads. Chapter headings include the following: 1. Introduction; 2. A Data System to Ensure User Privacy; 3. Global Positioning Systems (GPS) Accuracy Issues; 4. Optional Data Gathering; 5. System Robustness, Security, and Protection; 6. Data Structure, Storage, and Uploading; 7. Conclusions and Recommendations.
Existence of global weak solutions to one-component vlasov-poisson and fokker-planck-poisson systems in one space dimension with measures as initial data

We consider Cauchy problems for the 1-D one component Vlasov-Poisson and Fokker-Planck-Poisson equations with the initial electron density being in the natural space of arbitrary non-negative finite measures. In particular, the initial density can be a Dirac measure concentrated on a curve, which we refer to as “electron sheet” initial data. These problems resemble both structurally and functional analytically Cauchy problems for the 2-D Euler and Navier-Stokes equations (in vorticity formulation) with vortex sheet initial data. Here, we need to define weak solutions more specifically than usual since the product of a finite measure with a function of bounded variation is involved. We give a natural definition of the product, establish its weak stability, and existence of weak solutions follows. Our concept of weak solutions through the newly defined product is justified since solutions to the Fokker-Planck-Poisson equation, the analogue of Navier-Stokes equation, are shown to converge to weak solutions of the Vlasov-Poisson equation as the Fokker-Planck term vanishes. The main difficulty is the aforementioned weak stability which we establish through a careful analysis of the explicit structure of these equations. This is needed because the problem studied here is beyond the range of applicability of the “velocity averaging” compactness methods of DiPerna-Lions. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Reply: Internal Membranes in Maize Aleurone Protein Storage Vacuoles: Beyond Autophagy

In his Letter to the Editor, John Rogers comments on two topics related to our recently published article on prolamin trafficking in maize ( Zea mays ) aleurone cells ([Reyes et al., 2011][1]). First, he states that a variety of prevacuolar compartments have been described in plants and that the
Using doctoral dissertations for a new understanding of disciplinarity and interdisciplinarity

This paper displays a preliminary result of studying disciplinarity and interdisciplinarity based on a new source of data: doctoral dissertations. By looking into the doctoral dissertations across more than a century, this paper aims to report the overall development of disciplines and the interaction among disciplines. Preliminary results demonstrate significant increases in the number of disciplines across the 20 th century and the level of interaction among disciplines. This poster focuses on the 30 highest producing disciplines and examines the dependency of these disciplines on other disciplines (where dependency is measured by the proportion of dissertations within that discipline that are also labeled with another discipline). The data reveals that science disciplines (e.g., mathematics, chemistry, and physics) bare fewer interdisciplinary features than social science and humanities disciplines and that many contemporary social science and humanities disciplines (e.g., black studies and women’s studies) are highly dependent. The implications of these preliminary findings and the areas of further investigation using this dataset are proposed.
Improving AMSR/AMSR-E Precipitation Algorithm

Abstract This review paper serves for two purposes: describing the algorithm currently used by JAXA to produce precipitation product from AMSR/AMSR-E data and discussing two most important challenges facing passive microwave precipitation algorithm development. The precipitation algorithm used in JAXA today combines emission and scattering signatures, includes a correction for beam-filling problem, and has been validated by surface radar-gauge network data and other satellite retrievals. Because we pieced together all the modifications to the original version of the algorithm in this paper, this article gives the most complete description to the current version of the algorithm, and therefore, can serve as a reference for the precipitation product users to cite. The discussion on the challenges, beam-filling and ice scattering, in passive microwave precipitation retrievals is aimed to more general audiences. While the footprint size of the recent satellite microwave sensors is finer than earlier ones, the beam-filling problem seems still to be one of the most important error sources in current retrieval algorithms. The ice scattering problem is important for retrieving snowfall and precipitation over land since the primary signature for these applications is scattering signal.
On Nudging and Informed Consent

In “Doctors, Patients, and Nudging in the Clinical Context—Four Views on Nudging and Informed Consent,” Thomas Ploug and Soren Holm (2015) argue that nudging, in the spirit of libertarian paternali...
A Prospective Longitudinal Study of Mental Health Symptoms Among Perinatally HIV-Infected and HIV-Exposed but Uninfected Urban Youths

Abstract Purpose Significant gaps persist in our understanding of the etiological factors that shape the progression of mental health symptoms (MHS) among perinatally HIV-infected (PHIV+) and perinatally HIV-exposed but uninfected (PHEU) youths. This study sought to assess the changes in MHS among PHIV+ and PHEU youths as they transition through adolescence and to identify the associated psychosocial factors. Methods Data were drawn from a longitudinal study of 166 PHIV+ and 114 PHEU youths (49% male, ages 9–16 years at baseline) in New York City. Individual interviews were administered at baseline and subsequently over a 5-year period. MHS were assessed using the youth version of the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children. Predictive growth curve analyses were conducted to assess longitudinal changes in MHS and identify the relevant factors. Level I predictors included: time, major life events, household poverty, caregiver mental health, and neighborhood stressors. Level II predictors included youths' sociodemographic characteristics (e.g., age, gender, HIV status) and baseline future orientation scores. Results The changes in youths' MHS followed a quadratic growth curve and were positively associated with the number of major negative life events and neighborhood stressors experienced. Youths' HIV status, household poverty, and caregiver mental health were not significantly associated with youths' MHS. Conclusions Findings suggest that irrespective of youths' HIV status, major life events and neighborhood stressors increase MHS among PHIV+ and PHEU youths. There is a need for interventions to reduce the impact of stressors on the mental well-being of PHIV+ and PHEU youths.
What can government talk tell us about punitiveness? The case of Norway post 22 July 2011

Highlighting the culturally contingent nature of state reactions to crime, the present case study uses content analysis to examine state talk issued by the Norwegian government following the 22 Jul...
ON THE MECHANICAL STABILITY OF NANOSTRUCTURED COATINGS BY SYNCHRONTRON RADIATION

We have been successful in the development of two new powerful techniques, the Scattered Intensity Tomographic Profiling (SITP) and the Energy Dispersive X-ray Diffraction (EDXRD), to probe internal stresses in inhomogeneous solids. This represents a major breakthrough in the field of nondestructive evaluation of localized and global strains in nano/polycrys talline materials for depths from a few micrometers to a few centimeters. We measured triaxial residual stress depth profiles, directly and accurately, using synchrotron light source methods. We performed control experiments using cantilever beam specimens, which verified the accuracy of our method. Examples of residual stresses profiles will be presented which include: blank steel specimens, grit blasted steels, the effects of Nanostructured Coatings on steels substrates. The results on WC/Co and Al2O3/TiO2 nanocoatings confirm the expectation of large distributions of compressive and tensile stresses. A critical comparison of internal stress distributions between nano and micro size grain coatings will be presented on specimens undergone a number of different deformation processes such as elastic, plastic, wear and fatigue. The stress field profiling method conveniently bridges a crucial gap in the lexicon of direct/non-destructive strain profilometry.
Microscopic theory of3He—4He solutions

The ring diagram contribution to the grand partition function of a mixture of fermions and bosons is obtained from a rigrous formula which extends the single component formula of Montroll and Ward. Together with the contributions from some other relevant graphs, it is applied to a dilute solution of3He with4He. For a small mass difference parameter, the ground state energy is shown to be expressed as a linear function of3He concentration. The coefficients of this energy expression are obtained explicitly for soft and hard-sphere potential models. From the energy, the differential volume coefficient is obtained also.
Friction Stir Welding Process Parameter Effects on Workpiece Warpage due to Residual Strains

ABSTRACT An important performance measure of the quality of a weldis the permanent deformation developed during welding pro-cesses due to the thermally activated residual strains. This paperpresents the results of a sensitivity analysis that determines theeffects of processing parameters -such as the speed of rotationand the traveling speed of a rotating friction stir welding (FSW)tool- on the resulting residual strain ﬁelds. The problem has beenmodeled as a thermostructurally coupled problem via Finite El-ement Analysis of an elastoplastic workpiece under the inﬂuenceof heat generated from the stirring process and taking into ac-count the temperature dependent yield strength of the material.Results are presented and discussed in the context of our futureplans. INTRODUCTION Our work in the present paper is motivated by both short andlong term goals. The main short term goal is related to exploitingthe opportunities offered by the beneﬁts of Friction Stir Weld-ing (FSW) as a speciﬁc joining technology. The long term goalis related to designing material and structural systems based onapplication driven requirements as deﬁned from multiple stakeholders.Speciﬁcally, in terms of the long term goal, during the last 3years, we have embarked on a basic research program for devel-oping a framework capable of linking performance and process-ing speciﬁcation data with fundamental material parameters andmodels that can efﬁciently capture the behavior of complex ma-terial systems [1]. The anticipated payoff of achieving this goalis the potential for facilitating the development of technologiesenabling rapid, low cost, optimally targeted, multiscalar mate-rial identiﬁcation, design, processing, prototyping, manufactur-ing, certiﬁcation and qualiﬁcation, which are tailored to satisfyutility requirements deﬁned from multiple perspectives associ-ated with various stakeholders. These types of requirements canbe functional, economic, maintenance and repair related, as wellas platform-life extension related. One of the application areaswe have targeted for demonstrating this framework is FSW-basedjoining of materials, due to its potential impact for marine andaerospace applications related to the naval missions and goals.Exploiting this very speciﬁc potential constitutes our short termgoal.However, prior to applying the principles and technologydeveloped by this framework it is necessary that we establish aquantitative relationship between performance characteristics ofFSW and the processing parameters involved in the FSW pro-cess. For this purpose we need to develop both a forward and aninverse modeling infrastructure for modeling and simulating theFSW aspects linking its utility and performance to the parame-ters involved in controlling the process. Having this infrastruc-ture enables the quantiﬁcation of these associations.1This material is declared a work of the U.S. Government and is not subject to copyright protection in the United States.Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
Learning to waste and wasting to learn? How to use cradle to cradle principles to improve the teaching of design

Engineers of the future are expected to be knowledgeable about the principles and practices needed to develop eco-effective productsand manufacturing processes, yet it is challenging to integrate these principles and practices into undergraduate engineering designeducation. Our research explored one approach for beginning this process to help first-year students understand and apply cradle tocradle design practices in a user-centered, project-based design course. We used McDonough and Braungart’s 5-step model of cradle tocradle design as a framework to guide students through several exercises and reflections related to the prototyping activity in thecourse. The results of the research showed that through limited exposure to cradle to cradle design, students made some progresstoward developing adaptive expertise in this area, although they had difficulty reconciling their new-found interest in cradle to cradledesign principles with the competing demands of client wishes, time constraints, and limited access to and knowledge of materials
Relationship between HCV genotypes and HCV RNA in patients with chronic hepatitis C

Objective To investigate the distribution of hepatitis C virus(HCV)genotypes in Jiangsu Province,and the relationship between HCV genotypes and HCV viral loads.Methods Serum specimens,collected from1 032anti-HCV positive samples,were detected for HCV RNA by using fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction(PCR)and for HCV genotypes by using gene chips.The distribution and characterization of HCV genotypes as well as the relationship between genotypes and HCV RNA content were analyzed by SPSS19.0software.Results A total of 704 HCV RNA positive serum samples were collected,among which 674 cases were found to be single genotype,including 1b,2a,3b,3a,1aand 6,accounting for 75.71%,7.95%,7.95%,1.99%,0.99% and1.14%,respectively,and 30 cases of mixed genotypes,including 1b/2a,1b/3b,1b/3aand 2a/3b,accounting for2.27%,1.56%,0.28% and 0.14%.The difference of viral loads among different HCV genotypes was significant.Conclusion Genotype 1bmight be the most prevalent genotype in Jiangsu,followed by 2aand 3b.HCV genotype 1b and 3acould be with similar viral loads,which is higher than genotype 2aand 1b/2asignificantly.
Improving interaction models for generating and managing alternative ideas during early design work

A principle of early design work is to generate and manage multiple ideas, as this fosters creative insight. As computer tools are being increasingly used for early design work, it is critical to understand how their interaction models affect idea management. This paper reports results of a user study comparing how the use of three interaction models -- tab interfaces, layered canvases, and spatial maps -- affects working with multiple ideas. Designers (N=18) created and managed ideas for realistic design tasks using each model. We observed strategies for creating and managing ideas, measured process outcomes and tool interactions, and gained extensive participant feedback. From the results, we derive new lessons that can be broadly applied to improve how interfaces support multiple ideas and implemented the lessons within one model to demonstrate their efficacy.
Effects of maternal vitamin E and selenium status during the perinatal period on age-related changes in heart, lung and liver microsomal lipid peroxidation in rat pups

Female Long-Evans rats of breeding age were acclimated to one of four experimental diets differing in their vitamin E (E) and selenium (Se) contents. These animals were bred and the offspring produced were nursed by their respective dams from birth through 21 days postpartum. Rat pups were killed at postpartum intervals of 4, 9, 14 and 21 days and heart, lung and liver tissue used for isolation of microsomes. Microsomes were used for quantitation of E content as well as for assays of lipid peroxidation (thiobarbituric acid reactive products formation) using an ascorbate/ADP nonenzymatic assay system. Microsomal E content was lower in heart and lung tissues of rat pups at each postpartum interval compared with maternal levels. Liver microsomal E was higher in rat pups at day 4 postpartum compared with maternal levels. Significant differences (P < 0.05) in microsomal E content of rat pup tissues were associated with maternal vitamin E status during the perinatal period and not to differences in dietary Se. In vitro lipid peroxidation was highest in rat pups nursing dams of low E status, the magnitude of which was greatest in heart and liver microsomes. Lung microsomes, in contrast, peroxidized at very low rates compared with heart and liver microsomes. These effects were independent of maternal Se status. Microsomal lipid peroxidation in tissues of rat pups was lowest at the earliest postpartum interval studied (4 days) and, in general, increased with postpartum age. Reduced glutathione did not inhibit lipid peroxidation in heart or lung microsomes but was effective in this respect in liver microsomes of rat pups as early as 4 days postpartum.
Intellectual freedom and the academic library: Entering the next century with strength

Presentation des Principes de liberte intellectuelle pour le bibliotheques universitaires, principes adoptes par l'ACRL, Association of College and Research Libraries, en juin 1999
The Future of Biosimilar Insulins

IN BRIEF Biosimilar insulins are available in many countries and will be made available in the United States in the near future. Some concerns associated with biosimilar insulins include potential differences in the efficacy and safety between a biosimilar product and its reference insulin, the ramifications of having the same name or different names for a biosimilar and its reference insulin, the prospects of and limitations to substituting insulin products, and the proper implementation of pharmacovigilance. Still, health care providers will have the opportunity, with continued appropriate monitoring, to offer alternative, and possibly more individualized, therapy for diabetes management with the introduction of biosimilar insulins.
New roles in hemicellulosic sugar fermentation for the uncultivated Bacteroidetes family BS11

Ruminants have co-evolved with their gastrointestinal microbial communities that digest plant materials to provide energy for the host. Some arctic and boreal ruminants have already shown to be vulnerable to dietary shifts caused by changing climate, yet we know little about the metabolic capacity of the ruminant microbiome in these animals. Here, we use meta-omics approaches to sample rumen fluid microbial communities from Alaskan moose foraging along a seasonal lignocellulose gradient. Winter diets with increased hemicellulose and lignin strongly enriched for BS11, a Bacteroidetes family lacking cultivated or genomically sampled representatives. We show that BS11 are cosmopolitan host-associated bacteria prevalent in gastrointestinal tracts of ruminants and other mammals. Metagenomic reconstruction yielded the first four BS11 genomes; phylogenetically resolving two genera within this previously taxonomically undefined family. Genome-enabled metabolic analyses uncovered multiple pathways for fermenting hemicellulose monomeric sugars to short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), metabolites vital for ruminant energy. Active hemicellulosic sugar fermentation and SCFA production was validated by shotgun proteomics and rumen metabolites, illuminating the role BS11 have in carbon transformations within the rumen. Our results also highlight the currently unknown metabolic potential residing in the rumen that may be vital for sustaining host energy in response to a changing vegetative environment.
Particularities of Heat Conduction in Nanostructures

Heat conduction in nanostructures differs significantly from that in macrostructures because the characteristic length scales associated with heat carriers, i.e., the mean free path and the wavelength, are comparable to the characteristic length of nanostructures. In this communication, particularities associated with phonon heat conduction in nanostructures, the applicability of the Fourier law, and the implications of nanoscale heat transfer effects on nanotechnology are discussed.
Investigating the Effects of the Membrane Dipole Field on the Structure and Function of a Model Membrane Protein

Lipid bilayer membranes are composed of hundreds of lipids, sterols and proteins, which organize in to a heterogeneous, structural scaffold that controls critical elements of biological function. The interactions of all of these molecules are mostly non-covalent and electrostatic in nature. These interactions and the diversity of molecules, along with ordered water molecules at the lipid-water interface gives rise to a large electrostatic field that traverses the lipid bilayer. The whole field can be broken down in to three components- transmembrane field, surface field and dipole field. We have extensively studied the membrane dipole field, which propagates from the interior of the lipid bilayer to the lipid head group-water interface, using vibrational Stark effect spectroscopy paired with molecular dynamics simulations. With our knowledge of how the dipole field can be altered due to a change in lipid bilayer composition, we are exploring what role this field plays in controlling the transport of ions through a membrane via transmembrane protein channels (TPCs). Gramicidin has been accepted as a good model for TPCs due to its ability to selectively transport ions with a +1 charge through the pore it creates when in its channel conformation. Using this well characterized model TPC we hope to elucidate how the structure and function can be changed via non-covalent interactions with other lipids, water molecules and sterols, specifically arising from the membrane dipole field. Using VSE spectroscopy, we have been able to begin to measure how gramicidin alters the dipole field of a pure phospholipid bilayer in the form of small unilamellar vesicles (SUVs). We are studying how the transport of +1 cations through the gramicidin channel and the structure of the TPC are affected by both small and large perturbations of the electrostatic field by intercalating sterols in to the lipid bilayer.
Characteristics Associated With Individuals’ Caring, Just, and Brave Expressions of the Tendency to Be a Moral Rebel

Extending previous research on the characteristics associated with adolescents’ general tendency to be a moral rebel (Sonnentag & Barnett, 2016), the present study examined the roles of moral identity and (general and situation-specific) moral courage characteristics on 3 (i.e., caring, just, and brave) expressions of the tendency to stand up for one’s beliefs and values despite social pressure not to do so. Results revealed that general and situation-specific moral courage characteristics are important motivators of individuals’ caring, just, and brave expressions of the tendency to be a moral rebel, especially when they possess a relatively strong moral identity.