cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Integrate or Adapt? Reflections on Teaching Preservice Educators for Critical Consciousness

The struggle to equitably serve low-income students of color in U.S. schools is as significant as ever. The nation is also struggling to prepare enough teachers to serve these students. These challenges are exacerbated when these students are more likely to attend substandard schools. Combined, a tension exists between producing enough teachers and developing teachers who can justly respond to these challenges. One way to address this challenge is to interrogate teacher ideology. This article is a reflective analysis of one professor's experiences in teaching preservice teachers for critical consciousness in a complex social context.
Function and Dysfunction of α-Synuclein: Probing Conformational Changes and Aggregation by Single Molecule Fluorescence

The aggregation and deposition of the neuronal protein α-synuclein in the substantia nigra region of the brain is a key pathological feature of Parkinson's disease. α-Synuclein assembles from a monomeric state in solution, which lacks stable secondary and tertiary contacts, into highly structured fibrillar aggregates through a pathway which involves the population of multiple oligomeric species over a range of time scales. These features make α-synuclein well suited for study with single-molecule techniques, which are particularly useful for characterizing dynamic, heterogeneous samples. Here, we review the current literature featuring single-molecule fluorescence studies of α-synuclein and discuss how these studies have contributed to our understanding of both its function and its role in disease.
Zone-adjustable, direct vent gas-fired heating systems

Abstract Measurements were made of gas consumption rates, the composition and temperature of flue gases, together with several other variables on direct vent gas-fired heating systems. Four heating systems were installed on the second floor of a three story apartment building located on St. Denis Street in Montreal (45.4N). The steady state efficiency of the system was found to be 80%. Unlike the on-off mode of control used in conventional warm-air systems, the zone-adjustable systems modulate the mass flow rate of gas to the burner. the net result if longer cycle time and reduced gas consumption. Typical cycle and daily performance curves are presented and the gas consumption characteristics of the system are discussed. An approximate method of estimating the seasonal efficiency of the system is described.
Phospholipase C activity of rat tissues.

Phospholipase C activity was detected in rat tissues in vitro by measuring the conversion of [1-14C]dioleoylphosphatidylcholine to [14C]diglyceride and [14C]monoglyceride. Adipose tissue, brain, diaphragm, duodenum, heart, ileum, jejunum, kidney, liver, lung, skeletal muscle and spleen were homogenized and incubated at pH 4.8, in vitro. All of the tissue homogenates converted aqueous dispersions of [14C]phosphatidylcholine to 14C-labeled diglyceride and monoglyceride, demonstrating the presence of phospholipase C. This type of phospholipase C has been previously described only in bacteria. These studies demonstrate for the first time the presence of Phospholipase C in a wide spectrum of rat tissues.
Structure-dependent intergranular segregation of phosphorus in austenite in a Ni-Cr steel

Abstract The segregation of P to grain boundaries during austenitization of a low-alloy NiCr steel doped with P has been revealed by an etching solution which preferentially attacks grain boundaries containing P, coupled with observations by Auger electron spectroscopy. The correlation of grain boundary energy with segregation of P was examined by observing dihedral angles between boundaries which constitute triple points on a polished surface. Grain boundary compositions and the effect of austenitizing temperature on the degree of P segregation in the austenite phase were analyzed by a scanning Auger microprobe. It was found that the degree of P segregation can vary greatly from one boundary to another and along individual stepped or curved boundaries. Coherent twin boundaries apparently contained no P, but incoherent twin boundaries did. It was concluded that the degree of segregation is mainly dependent on the degree of grain boundary coherency, or on the free volume associated with the boundary. High energy boundaries generally absorbed more P than low energy boundaries; however, it is not considered that grain boundary energy, per se, is a separate controlling factor.
Central nodal necrosis and extracapsular neoplastic spread in cervical lymph nodes: MR imaging versus CT

Computed tomographic (CT) scans and magnetic resonance (MR) images obtained in 24 patients with cervical lymphadenopathy were retrospectively and blindly evaluated by two readers for the presence of central nodal necrosis (CNN) and extracapsular nodal spread (ENS). The CT studies were all enhanced, and the MR images were obtained with short repetition time (TR)/echo time (TE), long TR/double echo, and enhanced short TR/TE fat-suppressed sequences. Each MR imaging sequence was interpreted separately and then collectively. Sixty lymph nodes were identified with CT. Sensitivity for CNN was 16%-67% with the unenhanced MR pulse sequences, 50% with enhanced sequences, and 83%-100% with CT. The most accurate reading of MR images for CNN was with the unenhanced T1-weighted and T2-weighted images (86%-87%); the accuracy of CT was 91%-96%. The accuracy of MR imaging for detecting ENS was maximal with T1-weighted images (78%-90%). Gadolinium-enhanced, fat-suppressed images did not improve accuracy in evaluating CNN ...
All women with breast conservation surgery for ductal carcinoma in situ should have radiation.

Women today who opt for breast conservation surgery for the treatment of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) elect this treatment over the alternate surgery, that is simple mastectomy. They do so because they perceive that mastectomy, with removal of all of the breast tissue, is too radical a procedure for a diagnosis of non-invasive cancer. But these same women want assurance from their physicians that the breast-conserving surgery will not compromise their prognosis. Since DCIS by definition cannot spread beyond the treated breast at the time of diagnosis, but can return as a local failure, with a risk of invasive cancer in about one of every two local failures, minimizing this recurrent event is an important therapeutic goal. In the transition from treatment of DCIS with mastectomy to breast conservation surgery, several treatment schemas have been identified. The branches in the decisionmaking tree have become numerous over time, with increasing availability of detailed information on the extent of the lesion on imaging, the margin status and width, and other pathology details, and how these factors relate to a patient’s risk of local failure. An increasing knowledge about patient risk factors, such as age at the time of the diagnosis, and how this relates to local control or failure, also must be considered in the decision about the ‘best’ therapy. Finally, what is the impact of available treatment options on both the risk of local failure and the patient’s long-term health? As we have learned over time, breast cancer is a disease with a long natural history. Yet many of the ‘facts’ that we know today about DCIS were not recognized a decade ago, so trying to relate a given prognostic factor to long-term clinical outcome is problematic. An example of this is found in the work of the DCIS Collaborative Group, an informal working group of university hospitals in the USA and in Europe, which have pooled data on patients treated with breast-conservation surgery and radiation, to establish a large data base for the purpose of learning more about this disease. After an extensive central review of pathology material from 172 patients, multivariate analysis identified a significantly higher rate of local failure in patients whose tumors exhibited a nuclear grade of 3 and the histologic features of ‘comedo’ carcinoma, compared with those that did
Surface chemistry of In2O3 deposition using In(CH3)3 and H2O in a binary reaction sequence

Abstract Sequential surface chemical reactions for the controlled deposition of In2O3 were examined using transmission Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. In this study, the binary reaction (2In(CH3)3+3H2O→In2O3+6CH4) was separated into two half-reactions: (A) InOH ∗ +In(CH 3 ) 3 →In–O–In(CH 3 ) ∗ 2 +CH 4 ; (B) InCH ∗ 3 +H 2 O→InOH ∗ +CH 4 , where the asterisks designate the surface species. The InOH* and InCH3* surface species were monitored by the infrared absorbances of the InO–H and InC–H3 stretching vibrations. The reactions were thermally activated and the maximum reaction temperature was limited to 525 K because of trimethylindium (TMIn) pyrolysis. At 525 K, the (A) reaction saturated after depletion of ∼60% of the InOH* coverage. In contrast, the (B) reaction went to completion and was self-limiting. Despite these observed surface reactions, the growth of conformal In2O3 films was not achieved on Si(100) at 525 K. Very rough In2O3 films with low growth rates were also observed at 675–775 K in previous studies using InCl3 and H2O in a binary reaction sequence. The thermal stabilities of the InOH* and InCH3* surface species were measured from 300–900 K. The low coverage of surface species at the various reaction temperatures may explain the rough In2O3 films and low In2O3 growth rates.
Domain specific effects of central traits in impression formation.

Summary In a procedure similar to that used in Asch's classic studies in 1946, 125 college students (54 men and 71 women, M age = 20.9 yr., SD=4.8) rated their impression of a hypothetical man or woman who was described by seven stimulus traits. This list included one of four central traits which appeared in the middle of the list: warm, cold, serious, or foolish. The dependent measures were factor scores derived from participants' ratings of 20 traits on social desirability and intellectual desirability. As hypothesized, warm and cold, prototypes of social desirability and undesirability, were associated with judgments of social but not intellectual desirability, and serious and foolish, prototypes of intellectual desirability and undesirability, were associated with judgments of intellectual but not social desirability. In addition, there was evidence of a subtle sex bias: ratings of “foolish” women were higher on social desirability than ratings of “foolish” men.
Online Algorithms for Finger Searching

The technique of speeding up access into search structures by maintaining fingers that point to various locations of the search structure is considered. The problem of choosing, in a large search structure, locations at which to maintain fingers is treated. In particular, a server problem in which k servers move along a line segment of length m, where m is the number of keys in the search structure, is addressed. Since fingers may be arbitrarily copied, a server is allowed to jump, or fork, to a location currently occupied by another server. Online algorithms are presented and their competitiveness analyzed. It is shown that the case in which k=2 behaves differently from the case in which k>or=3, by showing that there is a four-competitive algorithm for k=2 that never forks its fingers. For k>or=3, it is shown that any online algorithm that does not fork its fingers can be at most Omega (m/sup 1/2/)-competitive. The main result is that for k=3 there is an online algorithm that forks and is constant competitive (independent of m, the size of the search structure). The algorithm is simple and implementable. >
Change, Changing, and Being Changed: A Self-study of a teacher educator's becoming real in the throes of urban school reform

Set against an organized school reform backdrop, this inquiry features four challenges I faced as a result of working alongside teachers and principals whose urban schools were awarded major school research grants for a 5-year period. In addition to teasing out the origins of the dilemmas I encountered and showing how they impacted my teaching practice, I make two knowledge contributions through my public presentation of this self-study. First, I add a new set of partnered narratives—the stories of teacher educators/teacher educators' stories of self. Second, I extend my research niche to reveal the role I played as a living, breathing dimension of the educational conduit. Rabbit: What is REAL? Does it mean having things that buzz inside you and a stick-out handle? Skin Horse: Real isn't how you are made … It's a thing that happens to you … Rabbit: Does it hurt? Skin Horse: Sometimes … When you are Real you don't mind being hurt. Rabbit: Does it happen all at once, like being wound up … or bit by bit? Ski...
A Wavelet-Based Multiresolution Approach to Solve the Stereo Correspondence Problem Using Mutual Information

In this correspondence, we propose a wavelet-based hierarchical approach using mutual information (MI) to solve the correspondence problem in stereo vision. The correspondence problem involves identifying corresponding pixels between images of a given stereo pair. This results in a disparity map, which is required to extract depth information of the relevant scene. Until recently, mostly correlation-based methods have been used to solve the correspondence problem. However, the performance of correlation-based methods degrades significantly when there is a change in illumination between the two images of the stereo pair. Recent studies indicate MI to be a more robust stereo matching metric for images affected by such radiometric distortions. In this short correspondence paper, we compare the performances of MI and correlation-based metrics for different types of illumination changes between stereo images. MI, as a statistical metric, is computationally more expensive. We propose a wavelet-based hierarchical technique to counter the increase in computational cost and show its effectiveness in stereo matching.
Miss Universe, the Olmec and the Valley of Oaxaca:

One of the most fundamental problems in archaeology is interpreting the spatial distribution of artifacts and styles. There is a particularly long tradition of argument about the meaning of widespread art styles and artifacts assemblages, in other words, the spread of archaeological ‘cultures’ or ‘horizon styles’. In Mesoamerica, the spread of ‘Olmec’ and ‘Olmecoid’ artifacts, ritual practices and iconography is a case that has generated many explanatory models. In this article, I draw on studies of modern cultural practices like beauty pageants and the marketing of consumer products to suggest some alternative modes of archaeological interpretation. In particular, the idea of ‘common difference’ may provide a richer and more complex way of thinking about the spread of styles and practices.
Ophthalmology resident selection: current trends in selection criteria and improving the process.

Objective To document and assess current ophthalmology resident selection practices as well as to initiate discussion on how best to improve the process. Design Online survey comprising 56 questions. Participants Program directors, chairpersons, or members of the resident selection committee representing 65 United States ophthalmology residency programs accredited by the Accreditation Council on Graduate Medical Education. Methods Study participants completed an online, anonymous survey consisting primarily of multiple choice questions, with single or multiple answers. Main Outcome Measures Ophthalmology resident selection practices were evaluated and included: screening of applications, interview processes, selection factors, and formation of rank lists; recommendations given to applicants; and respondent satisfaction with the current selection process. Results As a group, survey respondents deemed the following factors most important in resident selection: interview performance (95.4%), clinical course grades (93.9%), letters of recommendation (83.1%), and board scores (80%). Statistical analyses deemed that the best predictors of resident performance are interviews, clinical course grades, recommendation letters, and ophthalmology rotation performance. Conclusions Ophthalmology resident selection is a relatively subjective process, continuing to rely heavily on cognitive factors. Because these factors are not always indicative of ultimate resident quality, it would be helpful if ophthalmology training programs improved selection practices to discern who most likely will become a successful resident and future ophthalmologist. Long-term studies correlating applicant attributes with residency and postresidency success are needed to recommend guidelines for a more standardized selection process. Financial Disclosure(s) The author(s) have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article.
The Dynamics and Interactions Between the President's and the Public's Civil Rights Agendas: A Study in Presidential Leadership and Representation

Past research views presidents as reactive and minor actors in the civilrights policy process. However, that research has focused solely on the latter stages of the policy process. This report views the president's role from an agendasetting perspective. A content analysis reveals that presidents lead public opinion on civil rights, but that the public has little impact on the president's civil rights agenda. The distinction between discretionary and required agenda items explains this asymmetry between the president and the public in civil rights policymaking. A fuller notion of policymaking that includes all stages of the process, from agendasetting to implementation and evaluation, is required to understand the role of the president in civil rights policymaking and leads us to revise the perception that presidents play reactive and minor roles in civil rights policy.
Whistler-mode wave-injection experiments in the plasmasphere with a radio sounder

Whistler-mode wave-injection experiments with a high-altitude radio sounder o6er an opportunity to greatly extend the observing power of satellites such as imager for magnetopause-to-aurora global exploration (IMAGE) when the satellite is within or near the plasmasphere or at low altitudes over the polar regions. We use as an example the radio plasma imager (RPI) instrument on IMAGE, which includes crossed 500-m electric antennas in the spin plane and a 20-m antenna along the spin axis (for reception only). The 500-m antennas approach a half-wavelength at whistler-mode frequencies in the 3–30 kHz range and should have a radiation e>ciency of 1–10%. The wave power within ∼100 km of the transmitter should be greater than that produced by wave injection from the ground-based very low-frequency (VLF) transmitter at Siple, Antarctica, thus making possible experiments on wave–particle energy and momentum exchange. We use ray tracings along a sample IMAGE orbit (polar, apogee ∼8RE) to show the conditions under which transmitted signals may return to the satellite as echoes, following reAection, or be observed by satellites of opportunity, such as EXOS-D. We Cnd that ground reception of transmitted signals should be possible as a result of a linear mode conversion process in regions of ionospheric irregularities. We discuss the determination of wave-normal angles of returning signals, which will aid in identifying the signal path and obtaining information on plasma boundaries and irregularities. The science topics that may be addressed include: (1) investigation of the nonlinear process by which weak coherent waves excite VLF emissions; (2) probing plasmaspheric density structure, including plasmaspheric density cavities, Celd aligned waveducts, density irregularities in the plasmapause region, and the ionospheric density structure where conversion of whistler-mode wave energy to quasi-electrostatic lower hybrid (LHR) waves (and vice versa) can take place. c � 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Signaling in the suprachiasmatic nucleus: selectively responsive and integrative

The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) contains a biological clock that generates timing signals that drive daily rhythms in behaviors and homeostatic functions. In addition to this pacemaker function, the SCN gates its own sensitivity to incoming signals, which permits appropriate temporal adjustment to achieve synchrony with environmental and organismic states. A series of time-domains, in which the SCN restricts its own sensitivity to a limited set of stimuli that adjust clock phase, can be distinguished. Pituitary adenylyl cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP) and cAMP directly reset clock phase during the daytime domain; both cause phase advances only during the clock's day-time domain, but are without effect at night. In contrast, acetylcholine and cGMP analogs phase advance the clock only when applied during the night. Sensitivity to light and glutamate arises concomitant with sensitivity to acetylcholine and cGMP. Light and glutamate cause phase delays in the early night, by elevating intracellular Ca(2+) via neuronal ryanodine receptors. In late night, light and glutamate utilize a cGMP-mediated mechanism to induce phase advances. Nocturnal responses of SCN primed by light or glutamate can be modulated by effectors of phase-resetting in daytime, namely, PACAP and cAMP. Finally, the dusk and dawn domains are characterized by sensitivity to the pineal hormone, melatonin, acting through protein kinase C. These changing patterns of sensitivities demonstrate that the circadian clock controls multiple intracellular gates, which ensures that they can be opened selectively only at specific points in the circadian cycle. Discerning the molecular bases of these changes is fundamental to understanding integrative and regulatory mechanisms in the circadian system.
Optimal shape function for a bi-directional wire under Elmore delay model

In this paper, we determine the optimal shape function for a bidirectional wire under the Elmore delay model. Given a bidirectional wire of length L, let f(x) be the width of the wire at position x, 0/spl les/x/spl les/L. Let T/sub DR/ be the right-to-left delay. Let T/sub DL/ be the left-to-right delay. Let T/sub BD/=/spl alpha/T/sub D/R+/spl beta/T/sub DL/ be the total weighted delay where /spl alpha//spl ges/0 and /spl beta//spl ges/0 are given weights such that /spl alpha/+/spl beta/=1. We determine f(x) so that T/sub BD/ is minimized. Our study shows that, /spl alpha/=/spl beta/, the optimal shape function is f(x)=c, for some constant c; if /spl alpha//spl ne//spl beta/, the optimal shape function can be expressed in terms of the Lambert's W function as f(x)=-c/sub f//2c/sub 0/((1/W(-ae/sup -bx/))+1), where c/sub f/ is the unit length fringing capacitance, c/sub 0/ is the unit area capacitance, a and b are constants in terms of the given circuit parameters. If /spl alpha/=0 or /spl beta/=0, our result gives the optimal shape function for a unidirectional wire.
The Role of Prostaglandins in Labor and Delivery

Prostaglandins have developed into an important tool in modern obstetrics. Although the therapeutic role of prostaglandins in normal labor is limited, prostaglandins of the E and F series arevaluable in the management of fetal death, cervical ripening, and postpartum uterine atony. Modifications of naturally occurring prostaglandins have resulted in greater ease of use and in fewer adverse reactions.
Hysteresis in international trade: a general equilibrium analysis

Abstract This paper presents a simple general equilibrium model of hysteresis in international trade, i.e., temporary exchange rate fluctuations can have persistent effects on trade flows. Besides supporting earlier partial equilibrium results, the analysis bears out a conjecture by Baldwin and Krugman (1989) that a hysteretic shift in trade flows will cause a hysteretic shift in the equilibrium exchange rate. A positive demand shock which leads to a temporary exchange rate appreciation is followed by a persistent depreciation. Another implication is that equity values in the country with a positive demand shock will ultimately fall below their pre-shock level. Temporarily high profits reduce future profitability by attracting competitors who remain in the market after the shock has receded. (JEL F10).
Is Social Marketing an Effective Tool to Reduce Health Disparities

The health status of people of color in the United States remains unconscionably low when contrasted with that of the U.S. majority population, largely due to factors that are modifiable. This pape...
Earthquake magnitude, intensity, energy, and acceleration(Second paper)

This supersedes Paper 1 (Gutenberg and Richter, 1942). Additional data are presented. Revisions involving intensity and acceleration are minor. The equation log a = I/3 − 1/2 is retained. The magnitude-energy relation is revised as follows: log E = 9.4 + 2.14 M – 0.054 M^2 (20). A numerical equivalent, for M from 1 to 8.6, is log E = 9.1 + 1.75 M + log (9-m) (21). Equation (20) is based on log (A_0/T_0) = -0.76 + 0.91 M – 0.027M^2 (7) applying at an assumed point epicenter. Eq. (7) is derived empirically from readings of torsion seismometers and USCGS accelerographs. Amplitudes at the USCGS locations have been divided by an average factor of 2 1/2 to compensate for difference in ground; previously this correction was neglected, and log E was overestimated by 0.8. The terms M2 are due partly to the response of the torsion seismometers as affected by increase of ground period with M, partly to the use of surface waves to determine M. If MS results from surface waves, MB from body waves, approximately M_S – M_B = 0.4 (M_S – 7) (27). It appears that MB corresponds more closely to the magnitude scale determined for local earthquakes. A complete revision of the magnitude scale, with appropriate tables and charts, is in preparation. This will probably be based on A/T rather than amplitudes.
Progress Toward Doing the Right Thing

Two thousand years ago, the writer of James neatly summarized 2 of the knottiest problems in interventional cardiology: “To him who knows to do good and does not do it, to him it is [wrong]” (James 4:17). These 2 problems are: 1) identifying the “right thing to do”; and 2) getting it done.
Efficient Top-Down BTG Parsing for Machine Translation Preordering

We present an efficient incremental topdown parsing method for preordering based on Bracketing Transduction Grammar (BTG). The BTG-based preordering framework (Neubig et al., 2012) can be applied to any language using only parallel text, but has the problem of computational efficiency. Our top-down parsing algorithm allows us to use the early update technique easily for the latent variable structured Perceptron algorithm with beam search, and solves the problem. Experimental results showed that the topdown method is more than 10 times faster than a method using the CYK algorithm. A phrase-based machine translation system with the top-down method had statistically significantly higher BLEU scores for 7 language pairs without relying on supervised syntactic parsers, compared to baseline systems using existing preordering methods.
Situational and Dispositional Determinants of Managers' Satisfaction

This study examined the main and interactive effects on satisfaction of managers' functional position and disposition, measured by two inversely related indices of work orientation—instrumental, or desiring job security and financial rewards from work, and expressive, or desiring self-actualization and achievement from work (O'Reilly, 1977). Results indicated that both situational and dispositional factors affect satisfaction. Managers in process-oriented functions (e.g., Personnel, Sales) were significantly more satisfied than those in outcome-oriented functions (e.g., Production, Operations). Managers with strong and unambiguous orientations (high expressive/low instrumental or high instrumental/low expressive) were more satisfied than managers with strong, but potentially conflicting orientations (high instrumental/high expressive) or weak orientations (low instrumental/low expressive). There was also a personality-situation interaction, suggesting the feasibility of a congruency model in explaining managers' satisfaction. Theoretical and practical implications for career choices and managerial development are discussed.
Abstract 5017: DNA methylation array screening in salivary gland adenoid cystic carcinoma

Objective: DNA methylation alterations, with either gain or loss of CpG methylation in the promoter region, can alter the expression of tumor suppressor genes or oncogenes. This contributes to the tumorigenesis of human cancers, including salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC). In this study, we used a DNA methylation array (Illumina HumanMethylation27 BeadChip, San Diego, CA) to screen for novel oncogene and tumor suppressor gene (TSG) candidates under the control of promoter methylation in ACC. Methods: The Illumina HumanMethylation27 BeadChip Array was used to analyze the DNA methylation patterns of ∼14.000 genes at 27,578 CpG sites in 21 ACC and 13 normal salivary gland tissues. With our basic screening algorithm, we narrowed the list down to ∼100 tumor suppressor gene candidates (hypermethylated in tumor) and oncogene candidates (hypomethylated in tumor). Next, the differential methylation levels in the promoter region of candidates were validated by bisulfite genomic sequencing in four primary ACC and four normal salivary gland tissues. Candidate genes that showed differential methylation were then confirmed by analyzing gene re-expression in seven cell lines treated with 5-Aza deoxycytidine, a global demethylating agent. Furthermore, the expression levels of the candidate genes were examined by quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) in a separate ACC cohort. Lastly, the DNA methylation levels of promising candidate genes were validated by quantitative methylation specific PCR (qMSP) in a larger ACC cohort. Results: With the methylation array, we initially identified 28 oncogene candidates which displayed relative hypomethylation and 64 TSG candidates that showed relative hypermethylation in ACC compared to normal tissues. After the above mentioned additional validation steps were performed, we settled on two promising candidates, PDE9A and TP53TG3, that were significantly hypomethylated and overexpressed in primary ACC tumors compared to normal salivary gland tissue. Furthermore, the expression of PDE9A and TP53TG3 demonstrated consistent upregulation after 5-aza-cytidine treatment of cancer cell lines, suggesting that promoter methylation does play in a role in controlling gene expression. Conclusions: The Illumina HumanMethylation27 BeadChip array is a reliable and efficient tool for analyzing global gene methylation. It is useful in screening for novel oncogene and TSG candidates controlled by promoter methylation in salivary gland ACC. PDE9A and TP53TG3 were identified as promising novel oncogene candidates in salivary gland ACC. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5017. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5017
Genetic Variation in Plasma Androgens and Ovarian Aromatase Activity During Mouse Pregnancy

Genetic variation in fetal survival, maternal plasma androgen levels, and ovarian aromatase activity was examined mid (Day 9) and late gestation (Day 16) in strains of mice that differ in reproductive performance (A/J, C57BL/6J, C8/JIs, C17/JIs, and S15/JIs). At both gestational stages, females selected for large litter size (S15/JIs) carried more fetuses than any of the other strains examined. Particularly at midpregnancy, S15/JIs females also maintained higher plasma levels of androstenedione and testosterone relative to both control strains, C8/JIs and C17/JIs. Consistent with previously reported changes in peripheral estrogen levels during mouse pregnancy, aromatase activity was higher on Day 16 than on Day 9. This study demonstrates genetic variation in fetal survival that is correlated with increased maternal androgen levels. A stage-specific gestational increase in aromatase activity occurs in several strains of mice and is associated with elevated plasma estrogen during the second half of pregnancy.
Solving PDEs with Hermite Interpolation

We examine the use of Hermite interpolation, that is interpolation using derivative data, in place of Lagrange interpolation to develop high-order PDE solvers. The fundamental properties of Hermite interpolation are recalled, with an emphasis on their smoothing effect and robust performance for nonsmooth functions. Examples from the CHIDES library are presented to illustrate the construction and performance of Hermite methods for basic wave propagation problems.
Fault Analysis of Microgrid Composed by Inverter-Based Distributed Generations

Most microsources in microgrid are inverter-based distributed generations(IBDG),and their fault characteristics are different from those of traditional synchronous generators,thus detailed analysis on fault characteristics of IBDG and that of microgrid composed by IBDG are the foundation of microgrid protection.Utilizing simulation software DigSilent,the simulation model of IBDG with P-Q control and that of IBDG with V-f control as well as simulation models of microgrid under islanding operation mode and grid-connected operation mode are built to analyze fault characteristics at IBDG side and fault characteristics of faulty transmission line while different faults occur in transmission line,and equivalent models of microgrid under differnet control modes are proposed.
Diagnosis and Management of Nephrolithiasis

Nephrolithiasis is a common affliction, affecting approximately 10% of adults. Potentially presenting with acute abdominal or flank pain, nausea, or emesis, it may pose as a general surgical condition. Therefore, recognition, diagnosis, and management concerns are pertinent to the general surgeon. Furthermore, the risk of nephrolithiasis is increased in common general surgical conditions, including inflammatory bowel disease, hyperparathyroidism, and short gut. Nephrolithiasis may be induced as a result of general surgical interventions, including gastric bypass and bowel resection with ileostomy. An understanding of this common disease will improve coordination of patient care between urologists and general surgeons.
Reversible Valproate Hepatotoxicity and Associated Mitochondrial Disease

A 2-year-old boy with seizures complicated by reversible valproate-induced hepatic failure was subsequently found to have mitochondrial polymerase g gene (POLG1) mutations typical of Alpers-Huttenlocher disease, in a study at Newcastle University, UK.
Neonatal pain management

Pain management in the neonatal ICU remains challenging for many clinicians and in many complex care circumstances. The authors review general pain management principles and address the use of pain scales, non-pharmacologic management, and various agents that may be useful in general neonatal practice, procedurally, or at the end of life. Chronic pain and neonatal abstinence are also noted.
Streptococcal Pharyngitis and Appendicitis in Children.

Background. Several pathologies, including pharyngitis, are associated with abdominal pain that can mimic appendicitis. We sought to further understand the link between appendicitis-like symptoms a...
Cranberry Proanthocyanidins - Protein complexes for macrophage activation.

In this work we characterize the interaction of cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) proanthocyanidins (PAC) with bovine serum albumin (BSA) and hen egg-white lysozyme (HEL) and determine the effects of these complexes on macrophage activation and antigen presentation. We isolated PAC from cranberry and complexed the isolated PAC with BSA and HEL. The properties of the PAC–protein complexes were studied by matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), gel electrophoresis and zeta-potential. The effects of PAC–BSA complexes on macrophage activation were studied in RAW 264.7 macrophage like cells after treatment with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Fluorescence microscopy was used to study the endocytosis of PAC–BSA complexes. The effects of the PAC complexes on macrophage antigen presentation were studied in an in vitro model of HEL antigen presentation by mouse peritoneal mononuclear cells to a T-cell hybridoma. The mass spectra of the PAC complexes with BSA and HEL differed from the spectra of the proteins alone by the presence of broad shoulders on the singly and doubly charged protein peaks. Complexation with PAC altered the electrophoretic mobility shift assay in native agarose gel and the electrophoretic mobility (ζ-potential) values. These results indicate that the PAC–protein complexes are stable and alter the protein structure without precipitating the protein. Fluorescence microscopy showed that the RAW 264.7 macrophages endocytosed BSA and PAC–BSA complexes in discrete vesicles that surrounded the nucleus. Macrophages treated with increasing amounts of PAC–BSA complexes had significantly reduced COX-2 and iNOS expression in response to treatment with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in comparison to the controls. The PAC–HEL complexes modulated antigen uptake, processing and presentation in murine peritoneal macrophages. After 4 h of pre-incubation, only trace amounts of IL-2 were detected in the co-cultures treated with HEL alone, whereas the PAC–HEL complex had already reached the maximum IL-2 expression. Cranberry PAC may increase the rate of endocytosis of HEL and subsequent expression of IL-2 by the T-cell hybridomas. These results suggest that PAC–protein complexes modulate aspects of innate and acquired immune responses in macrophages.
Synthesis and Characterization of Heteroleptic Ni(II) Bipyridine Complexes Bearing Bis(N-heterocyclic carbene) Ligands

The synthesis and characterization of four new Ni(II) bis(NHC) bipy complexes (bipy = 4, 4′-bipyridine, NHC = N-heterocyclic carbene) are reported. These represent the first examples of the NiII(NHC2) L2 class of compounds, where L is a two-electron-donor ligand. The introduction of a double propyl bridged bis-NHC ligand (CProp2C) imparts reversibility to the electrochemistry of these complexes. The electrochemical response includes two reductions, the first believed to be bipy ligand based, bipy0/–, and the second metal based. The unusual ligand arrangements in these complexes result in electronic structures in which both the HOMOs and LUMOs are ligand-based, as determined by DFT analysis of all four compounds.
Iliac Vein Stent Placement: Acute Venographic Changes and Relevance to Venous Biomechanics.

PURPOSE To describe acute venographic changes of external iliac vein (EIV) after ipsilateral common iliac vein (CIV) stent placement. MATERIALS AND METHODS Retrospective review was performed of 17 cases with placement of a single CIV stent. Central CIV stent diameter and minimal ipsilateral EIV diameter were measured on venogram; vein diameter was measured at the same 2 anatomic locations on venogram obtained before intervention. Relative CIV diameter increase was defined as the ratio of change in central CIV diameter after stent placement to CIV diameter before intervention. Relative EIV diameter reduction was defined as the ratio of change in diameter of EIV after stent deployment in CIV to EIV diameter before intervention. Diameters before and after intervention were compared using a 2-tailed, paired sample t test. Pearson coefficient was calculated for correlations. RESULTS There was a significant reduction of EIV diameter after ipsilateral CIV stent placement compared with before stent placement (mean 9.3 mm ± 3.1 vs 11.9 mm ± 3.8; P < .01); mean decrease in EIV diameter was 21.7% ± 15.8. There was a correlation between relative CIV diameter increase and relative EIV diameter reduction (r = .8917). CONCLUSIONS Significant venographic narrowing of the EIV occurs after placement of an adjacent CIV stent, and the degree of narrowing is associated with the relative increase in CIV diameter. These findings may be explained by the inherent anisotropic elasticity of veins. Further study is warranted to guide future venous interventions.
Fundamentals of Feature Evolution in Plasma Etching

Plasma processes etch anisotropically and are used to transfer patterns from photoresist to the underlying thin film materials or substrates. There are many important parameters in plasma etching, as listed below. The greatest challenge in patterning features for microelectronics application is that each parameter can usually only be optimized at the expense of at least one of the others.
Religious Conduct and the Immutability Requirement: Title VII’s Failure to Protect Religious Employees in the Workplace

This article examines how the federal courts have used the requirement of immutability to limit an employee’s right to religious accommodation in the workplace under § 701(j) of Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act. Section 701(j) explicitly mandates reasonable accommodation of an employee’s religious beliefs and observances if accommodation can be made without undue hardship to the employer. The mutable/immutable distinction should therefore not be an issue in the religious accommodation cases since accommodation is mandated by statute regardless of whether religion is an immutable trait. However, a careful reading of the case law and examination of the rhetoric used by the federal courts illustrates that judges often implicitly find that religion is little more than an issue of personal choice and therefore not entitled to protection under § 701(j).
Do genetic testing criteria identify individuals with Lynch syndrome prior to cancer diagnoses

e13158Background: Screening colonoscopies every 1-2 years are estimated to decrease the risk for colorectal cancer (CRC) development in individuals with Lynch syndrome (LS) by 62-72%. However, in o...
On the Margins of College Life: The Experiences of Racial and Ethnic Minority Men in the Extracurriculum:

Today, racial and ethnic minority (REM) men complete college at lower rates and perceive a less welcoming campus climate than their white and female peers. Although these disparities in perceptions...
Laparoscopic Heller Myotomy versus Per Oral Endoscopic Myotomy: Evidence-Based Approach to the Treatment of Esophageal Achalasia

Esophageal achalasia is a rare disorder characterized by a failure of the lower esophageal sphincter to relax during swallowing, combined with aperistalsis of the esophageal body. Treatment is not curative, but aims to eliminate the outflow resistance caused by the nonrelaxing lower esophageal sphincter. Current evidence suggests that both laparoscopic Heller myotomy and per oral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) are very effective in the relief of symptoms in patients with achalasia. Specifically, for type III achalasia, POEM may achieve higher success rates. However, POEM is associated to a very high incidence of pathologic reflux, with the risk of exchanging one disease-achalasia-with another-gastroesophageal reflux.
First Report of Hemp Leaf Spot Caused by a Bipolaris Species on Hemp (Cannabis sativa) in Kentucky

Upon reintroduction of hemp (Cannabis sativa) in 2014, reports of a leaf spot disease became increasingly common in Kentucky. Outdoor-grown plants became severely affected with necrosis and blight ...
Implementing Self-Service Technology To Gain Competitive Advantages

Choosing, implementing and managing effective self-service technologies are challenging tasks for most firms. While some self-service technologies could be quickly adopted, others are resisted. This paper examines what a firm should consider in order to encourage customers to at least try, and eventually adopt, the SST offered by a firm into the customer's regular routine. Factors that encourage the customer to try a new self-service technology for the first time and factors impact customer satisfaction and dissatisfaction will be addressed. A practical guideline for developing and implementing successful SST will be proposed.
Facilitators and Barriers to Implementing Standardized Outcome Measurement for Children With Cleft Lip and Palate.

Objective:Identify facilitators and barriers to implementing standardized outcome measurement in cleft care.Design:Cross-sectional, qualitative study.Setting/Participants:Participants included 24 p...
A generalized multiple environmental factors software reliability model with stochastic fault detection process

Software systems have been widely applied in numerous safety–critical domains; however, large-scale software development is still considered as a complicated and expensive activity. As the latest trends in software industry accelerate the complexity and dependency of software development, such complicated and human-centered process needs to be addressed well. Meanwhile, recent survey investigations (Zhu et al. in J Syst Softw 109:150–160, 2015; Zhu and Pham in J Syst Softw 132:72–84, 2017) revealed that environmental factors, defined from software development, have significant impacts on software reliability. Considering such significant impacts, we first propose a generalized multiple-environmental-factors software reliability growth model with multiple environmental factors and the associated randomness under the martingale framework. The randomness is reflected on the process of detecting software fault. Indeed, this is a stochastic fault detection process. As an illustration, a specific multiple-environmental-factors software reliability growth model incorporating two specific environmental factors, percentage of reused modules and frequency of program specification change, is further developed. Lastly, we employ two real-world data sets to demonstrate the prediction performance of the proposed generalized multiple-environmental-factors software reliability growth model.
Management of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a commonly encountered condition in an internal medicine clinic. This talk will enable teachers to present high-yield information within a case-based situation. The vignette will teach learners to identify key aspects of the history and physical that will aid in the diagnostic workup and subsequent treatment of patients with COPD. Essential elements of the history and physical, findings on imaging, and the creation of a differential diagnosis will facilitate the conversation to the goal of learning a stepwise method for treatment.
PROMIS is a Valid Patient-Reported Outcome Measure for Patients undergoing ACL Reconstruction with Multi-ligament Knee Reconstruction and Repair Procedures.

Abstract Background This study aimed to (1) compare PROMIS with previously validated legacy instruments and (2) to assess between group differences of PROMIS PF-CAT [Physical Function Computer Adaptive Test] for patients undergoing isolated primary ACL reconstruction [ACLR] vs. primary ACL reconstruction with additional ligamentous intervention [MLIK]. Level of Evidence: II; Prospective Cohort Study. Methods At a single preoperative timepoint, 42 [MLIK] and 73[ACLR] patients completed: Short Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36) Mental (MCS) and Physical Component Summary (PCS), Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), EuroQol-5 dimensions (EQ-5D) and Marx Knee Scale. Spearman correlation coefficients (non-parametric data) assessed correlations between PROMIS PF-CAT and legacy PROs [Patient-Reported Outcome instruments]. Floor and ceiling effects were assessed using chi-square tests. Between group differences were assessed (Wilcoxon Rank sum test). Results PROMIS PF-CAT for the MLIK cohort [Table 2] demonstrated an excellent-good correlation with SF-36 Physical Function (PCS; r = 0.64, p Conclusion PROMIS PF-CAT demonstrated strong correlations with previously validated PRO instruments and offers a favorable alternative for patients undergoing ACLR with MLIK repair/reconstruction procedures. Preoperative PROMIS PF-CAT scores were greater for patients undergoing primary ACLR versus MLIK intervention.