cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mineralogy under extreme conditions

Abstract We have performed measurements of minerals based on the synchrotron source for single crystal and powder X-ray diffraction, inelastic scattering, spectroscopy and radiography by using diamond anvil cells. We investigated the properties of iron (Fe), iron-magnesium oxides (Fe, Mg)O, silica(SiO 2 ), iron-magnesium silicates (Fe, Mg)SiO 3 under simulated high pressure-high temperature extreme conditions of the Earth’s crust, upper mantle, low mantle, core-mantle boundary, outer core, and inner core. The results provide a new window on the investigation of the mineral properties at Earth’s conditions.
Evaluation of fixed dose 4-factor prothrombin complex concentrate for emergent warfarin reversal

Abstract Objectives Four-factor prothrombin complex concentrates (4FPCCs) are emerging as the standard of care for emergent warfarin reversal due to their ability to rapidly and effectively achieve hemostasis. The ideal dose of this medication is not known. Recently, our hospital instituted a protocol where all doses of 4FPCC were a fixed dose of 1500 IU. This protocol provides 4FPCC rapidly and precludes delay waiting for international normalized ratio (INR) values. The purpose of this study was to evaluate our experience with this fixed dose protocol. Methods This is a retrospective review of patients who received 1500 IU of 4FPCC for emergent warfarin reversal between March 2014 and January 2015. Demographic and clinical data regarding administration, efficacy, and safety were collected and analyzed. Results A total of 39 patients met inclusion criteria. The most common indication for treatment was intracranial hemorrhage (28, 71.8%). The median INR at presentation was 3.3, and the median INR after a single dose of 1500 IU was 1.4 ( P Conclusions Administration of a fixed dose of 1500 IU of 4FPCC leads to high rates of successful INR reversal and no related thrombotic adverse events within 7 days, and there was no need to wait for INR at presentation. These findings suggest good efficacy and safety when using 1500 IU of 4FPCC for emergent warfarin reversal.
Basics of Concepts Representation for Document Summarization

This Paper presents three different ways to describe the notion concept. The first one uses the idea of hierarchy and employs a graph to define the connections between attributes and concepts. To enable concepts generation, manipulation or measurement a matrix model is developed. Thus, the entire space of terms could be generated by a set of (linearly) independent terms over a numerical field. The total number of concepts to be generated over a numerical field using a given number of attributes is estimated in this paper. A memory efficient spherical presentation is developed on the above models. An algorithmic implementation of Hierarchy of concepts and attributes (HAC) is developed and experimental results are presented using concepts from the field of education.
Ambient pollen concentrations and emergency department visits for asthma and wheeze

Background Previous studies report associations between aeroallergen exposure and asthma exacerbations. Aeroallergen burdens and asthma prevalence are increasing worldwide and are projected to increase further with climate change, highlighting the importance of understanding population-level relationships between ambient pollen concentrations and asthma. Objective We sought to examine short-term associations between ambient concentrations of various pollen taxa and emergency department (ED) visits for asthma and wheeze in the Atlanta metropolitan area between 1993 and 2004. Methods We assessed associations between the 3-day moving average (lag 0-1-2) of Betulaceae (except Alnus species), Cupressaceae, Quercus species, Pinaceae (except Tsuga species), Poaceae, and Ambrosia species pollen concentrations and daily asthma and wheeze ED visit counts, controlling for covarying pollen taxa and ambient pollutant concentrations. Results We observed a 2% to 3% increase in asthma- and wheeze-related ED visits per SD increase in Quercus species and Poaceae pollen and a 10% to 15% increased risk on days with the highest concentrations (comparing the top 5% of days with the lowest 50% of days). An SD increase in Cupressaceae concentrations was associated with a 1% decrease in ED visits. The association for Quercus species pollen was strongest for children aged 5 to 17 years. Effects of Ambrosia species pollen on asthma exacerbations were difficult to assess in this large-scale temporal analysis because of possible confounding by the steep increase in circulating rhinoviruses every September. Conclusion Poaceae and Quercus species pollen contribute to asthma morbidity in Atlanta. Altered Quercus species and Poaceae pollen production caused by climate change could affect allergen-induced asthma morbidity in the southeastern United States.
Diagnostic Approach to Palpitations

Palpitations-sensations of a rapid or irregular heartbeat-are most often caused by cardiac arrhythmias or anxiety. Most patients with arrhythmias do not complain of palpitations. However, any arrhythmia, including sinus tachycardia, atrial fibrillation, premature ventricular contractions, or ventricular tachycardia, can cause palpitations. Palpitations should be considered as potentially more serious if they are associated with dizziness, near-syncope, or syncope. Nonarrhythmic cardiac problems, such as mitral valve prolapse, pericarditis, and congestive heart failure, and noncardiac problems, such as hyperthyroidism, vasovagal syncope, and hypoglycemia, can cause palpitations. Palpitations also can result from stimulant drugs, and over-the-counter and prescription medications. No cause for the palpitations can be found in up to 16 percent of patients. Ambulatory electrocardiographic (ECG) monitoring usually is indicated if the etiology of palpitations cannot be determined from the patient's history, physical examination, and resting ECG. When palpitations occur unpredictably or do not occur daily, an initial two-week course of continuous closed-loop event recording is indicated. Holter monitoring for 24 to 48 hours may be appropriate in patients with daily palpitations. Trans-telephonic event monitors are more effective and cost-effective than Holter monitors for most patients.
Recruitment dynamics and ectomycorrhizal colonization of Dicymbe corymbosa, a monodominant tree in the Guiana Shield

The dynamics of early life-history stages are important for understanding regional diversity patterns in tropical trees. In this study, patterns of seed removal, seedling survival and ectomycorrhizal (ECM) colonization in monodominant and mixed tropical rain forests in Guyana were investigated during a masting event of an ECM monodominant tree, Dicymbe corymbosa. Two seed densities (1 m −2 and 6 m −2 ) were tested in two forest types (monodominant versus mixed) with 10 plots per treatment (40 plots total). Germination success, seed and seedling survival after 1 y were measured for the monodominant tree, and four non-dominant canopy tree species found in both forest types (Eschweilera sagotiana, Licania laxiflora, Chrysophyllum sanguinolentum and Carapa guianensis). A significant effect of forest type was detected for seed removal and seedling survival. In the mixed forest, seed removal was higher for all species, with 27% average removal compared with 7% average seed removal in the monodominant forest. Germination success was significantly lower for all but one species in the mixed forest, with average germination of 41% compared with 78% germination in the monodominant forest. Seed and seedling survival of the monodominant tree was greatest within the monodominant forest with 93% of seeds germinating and 85% of seedlings surviving after 1 y compared with 65% germination and 15% seedling survival in the mixed forest. Per cent ectomycorrhizal colonization of Dicymbe corymbosa was near 100% in the monodominant forest, but significantly lower (14%) in the mixed forest. These results suggest that seedling survival patterns, rather than seed survival, are more important for recruitment success in this system and that ectomycorrhizal inoculum may limit establishment of Dicymbe corymbosa in the mixed forest.
Opponent motion interactions

Interactions in the perception of motion transparency were investigated using a signal-detection paradigm. The stimuli were the linear sum of two independent, moving, random-check "signal" textures and a third texture consisting of dynamic random "noise." Performance was measured as the ratio of squared signal and noise contrasts was varied (S2/N2). Motion detectability was poorest when the two signal textures moved in opposite directions (180 degrees), intermediate when they moved in the same direction (0 degrees), and best when the textures moved in directions separated by 90 degrees in the stimulus plane. This pattern of results held across substantial variations in velocity, field size, duration, and texture-element size. Motion identification was also impaired, relative to 0 degrees, in the 180 degrees but not in the 90 degrees condition. These results are consistent with the idea that performance in the opponent-motion condition is limited by inhibitory (or suppressive) interactions. These interactions, however, appear to be direction specific: little, if any, inhibition was observed for perpendicular motion.
Pretending to Be Vindictive

Emotions for negative reciprocity or vengeful preferences can serve to prevent people from reneging on threats and promises. In other words, vengeance is an efficiency enhancing commitment device. However, this argument, in turn, raises another question. How can vengeful preferences survive evolutionary process? How can it stand against invasion by mutants with a greater or lesser degree of vengefulness? This question is the central question in this paper. The existing literature suggests an equivocal answer to the question: Yes if the vengefulness is observable, but No if it is not. That means the observability of vengefulness iss the key factor. Hence, in this paper we endogeneize the observability by introducing repeated interactions and show vengeful preferences can survive despite its apparent fitness handicap.
Breaking Up the Treble Play: Attacks on the Private Treble Damage Antitrust Action

This Article explores and responds to scholarly challenges and proposed legislative attacks on the treble-damage provisions of the antitrust laws. It argues that the treble damage remedy for private plaintiffs offers unique advantages to the scheme of antitrust enforcement and that the critiques of it are at best overdrawn.
Individual variability in relationship of human ketosteroid excretion to urine volume.

SummaryConcentrations of total ketosteroids, 17-ketosteroids, 17-ketogenic steroids, and dehydroepiandrosterone were determined in urine collected from healthy young men who ingested various quantities of fluid. Individual coefficients of correlation between urine and ketosteroid output varied from significantly positive to negative, with the majority showing no correlation. These results suggest that in most men daily variations in urine volume do not influence excretion of ketosteroids. However, group coefficients of correlation reveal that a significant positive correlation was obtained only for 17-ketosteroids. These data suggest that 1) men who normally produce relatively large volumes of urine also excrete large quantities of this steroid, and 2) type and number of subjects must be considered when calculating group coefficients of correlation.
Psychosocial mediators of a theory-based resistance training maintenance intervention for prediabetic adults.

Objective: Examine psychosocial mediators of the effects of high vs. low-dose resistance training (RT) maintenance interventions among older (ages 50–69), overweight and pre-diabetic adults.Design: Participants (N = 123) completed a three-month supervised RT initiation phase and were subsequently randomised (time 1) to high or low-dose six-month unsupervised RT maintenance interventions (time 2), followed by a six-month no-contact phase (time 3).Main Outcome Measures: Online measures of putative mediators and RT behaviour.Results: RT intervention condition (high vs. low dose) had significant effects on change from time 1 to time 2 in behavioural expectation, self-regulation and perceived satisfaction (f2 = .04–.08), but not outcome expectancies, RT strategies or behavioural intentions (f2 ≤ .02). Change in each of the putative mediators, except for outcome expectancies (f2 ≤ .02), had significant effects on RT behaviour at times 2 (f2 = .12–.27) and 3 (f2 = .23–.40). In a multiple mediation model, behavio...
6-Chloro-1H-indole-2,3-dione

The mol­ecule of the title compound, C8H4ClNO2, is planar, with the non-H atoms possessing an r.m.s. deviation from planarity of 0.062 A. In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked through N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming chains along [010]. The chains are further linked through C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming layers parallel to (001).
Effects of Curcumin on Expression of Tbx5 during Development of Mice Embryonic Heart

Objective To explore the effects of curcumin on the expression of Tbx5 during the development of mice embryonic heart.Methods Adult and healthy female Kunming mice of clean grade were mated with male mice.On embryo day 7.5(E7.5),the pregnant mice were divided into 3 groups:curcumin group(pregnant mice were given curcumin by intraperitoneal injection at a dose of 75 mg·kg-1·d-1),dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO) group(pregnant mice were injected with the same volume of DMSO) and the blank group(without injection).At different times of embryonic heart development(E11.5,E14.5 and E17.5),pregnant mice were sarif by sacrificed and embryonic hearts were collected.Total RNA were extracted from embryonic hearts and real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was performed to detect the expression of Tbx5.Results 1.On E11.5,the expression of Tbx5 in the curcumin group,DMSO group and blank group were 2.06±0.16,1.08±0.13 and 1.08±0.18,respectively.The expression of Tbx5 in curcumin group was increased by 1.90-fold compared with blank group(P0.05).2.On E14.5,the expression of Tbx5 in the 3 groups were 1.21±0.08,0.71±0.04 and 0.64±0.10,respectively,and the expression of Tbx5 in curcumin group was increased by 1.88-fold compared with blank group(P0.05).3.On E17.5,the expression of Tbx5 in the 3 groups were 1.09±0.07,0.79±0.06 and 0.75±0.06,respectively,the expression of Tbx5 in curcumin group was increased by 1.45-fold compared with blank group(P0.05).Conclusion Curcumin can permeate the placenta and increase the expression of Tbx5,an important cardiac transcription factor during the early development of mouse heart.
EXPERIMENTAL OBSERVATION ON GERMICIDAL EFFICACY AND TOXICITY OF COMPOUND BROMO GERAMINUM

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of compound Bromo Geraminum Disinfectant to staphylococcus aureus ATCC6537 strain, E. coli8099 strain and Candida albicans ATCC10231. strain. Methods Carrier quantitative germicidal test and animal toxicity test were used to evaluate its germicidal efficacy and toxicity. Results The results showed that the disinfectant containing 1500mg/L of Bromo Geraminum killed 99.99% of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli in 1min. The disinfectant containing 4000mg/L of Bromo Geraminum killed 99.99% of Candida albicans in 3min. The germicidal efficacy was slightly interfered by 25% of Calf serum. While no inteference by 50% of Calf serum.The available Bromo Geraminum content of the solution decreased by 1.25% in average after storing at 54℃、RH≥75% for 14 days. The mouse oral LD_ 50 of the disinfectant was 5000mg/kg.bw; Cumulative toxicity test showed weak cumulative toxicity. It was not irritative to skin and mucous membrane. Mouse bone marrow micronucleus test was negative. Conclusions: The results indicate that the compound Bromo Geraminum disinfectant is stable, no-toxicity, no-irritation to skin and mucosa of rabbit and had good germicidal effect.
Developing an App Evaluation Rubric for Practitioners in Special Education

In recent years, the use of iPads® and their applications (apps) in special education has increased with little empirical evidence to support their use by students with disabilities. Educators need...
Deconstructing surgical education--teacher quality really matters: implications for attracting medical students to surgical careers.

Delineating those factors that enhance a student's surgical experience during medical school may be important to attracting “the best and the brightest” to surgery programs. Therefore, understandin...
Mephitic projects: a forensic leisure science analysis of the BTK serial murders

Although it has been suggested among both forensic experts and a small number of leisure scientists that serial murder may be a form of recreational leisure, such suggestions remain largely unexplo...
Safety of monoclonal antibodies for the treatment of multiple sclerosis.

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Monoclonal antibodies are a potent therapeutic approach for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. This group of medications comprises diverse mechanisms of action resulting in both shared and unique adverse effects.Areas covered: The major trials and safety profiles of natalizumab, alemtuzumab, daclizumab, rituximab, and ocrelizumab are discussed. While each drug has a unique safety profile, one of the potential safety concerns for all of these drugs is infection, including for some progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Other potential side effects and required monitoring for each drug are addressed.Expert opinion: The treatment of multiple sclerosis is a balance between efficacy and safety. As a group, these medications are highly effective, but not without notable safety concerns; therefore more research is needed to understand the place these medications hold in the overall treatment algorithm.
Metronaut: a wearable computer with sensing and global communication capabilities

Metronaut is a novel wearable computer which captures information, senses position, provides wide range communications, consumes less than one watt of power, and weighs less than one pound. Metronaut employs a bar code reader for information input and position location, a two-way pager for communications, and an ARM processor for computation. Metronaut's application is schedule negotiation and guidance instructions for a visitor to the CMU campus. The visitor's position is determined from reading bar codes at information signs around campus. Modifications to the schedule are negotiated using the two-way pager for communications with the campus computing infrastructure. Metronaut is alternatively powered by a mechanical flywheel converting kinetic energy to electrical energy.
Maternal obesity and major intraoperative complications during cesarean delivery

Background Multiple studies have demonstrated an association between maternal obesity and postoperative complications, but there is a dearth of information about the impact of obesity on intraoperative complications. Objective To estimate the association between maternal obesity at delivery and major intraoperative complications during cesarean delivery (CD). Methods This is a secondary analysis of the deidentified Maternal-Fetal Medicine Unit Cesarean Registry of women with singleton pregnancies. Maternal body mass index (BMI) at delivery was categorized as BMI 18.5 to 29.9 kg/m 2 , BMI 30 to 39.9 kg/m 2 , BMI 40 to 49.9 kg/m 2 , and BMI ≥ 50 kg/m 2 . The primary outcome, any intraoperative complication, was defined as having at least 1 major intraoperative complication, including perioperative blood transfusion, intraoperative injury (bowel, bladder, ureteral injury; broad ligament hematoma), atony requiring surgical intervention, repeat laparotomy, and hysterectomy. Log-binomial models were used to estimate risk ratios of intraoperative complication in 2 models: model 1 adjusting for maternal race, and preterm delivery Results A total of 51,218 women underwent CD; 38% had BMI 18.5 to 29.9 kg/m 2 , 47% BMI 30 to 39.9 kg/m 2 , 12% BMI 40 to 49.9 kg/m 2 and 3% BMI ≥ 50 kg/m 2 . Having at least 1 intraoperative complication was uncommon (3.4%): 3.8% for BMI 18.5 to 29.9 kg/m 2 , 3.2% BMI 30 to 39.9 kg/m 2 , 2.6% BMI 40 to 49.9 kg/m 2 and 4.3% BMI ≥ 50 kg/m 2 ( P 2 had a lower risk of any intraoperative complication (adjusted risk ratio [ARR], 0.76; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.64 to 0.89) compared with women with BMI 18.5 to 29.9 kg/m 2 . Women with BMI 30 to 39.9 kg/m 2 (ARR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.84 to 1.03) had a similar risk of any intraoperative complication compared with nonobese women. Among super obese women, there was evidence of effect modification by emergency CD. Compared with nonobese women, neither super obese women undergoing nonemergency CD (ARR, 1.13; 95% CI, 0.84 to 1.52) nor those undergoing emergency CD (ARR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.32 to 1.10) had an increased risk of intraoperative complication. Conclusion In contrast to the risk for postcesarean complications, the risk of intraoperative complication does not appear to be increased in obese women, even among those with super obesity.
Chemical, Electrical, and Radiation Injuries

This article reviews the unique challenges presented by chemical, electrical, and radiation injuries. The authors discuss pathophysiology and diagnosis of these injuries and provide recommendations for management.
Reoperation for Recurrent Glioblastoma Multiforme

The role of reoperation for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) recurrence is currently unknown. However, multiple studies have indicated that survival and quality of life are improved with a repeat operation at the time of disease recurrence. Prognosis is likely interdependent on several factors, including age, functional status, initial resection status, disease location, and surgical efficacy. However, there are significant data indicating no survival benefit for reoperation. This comprehensive literature review considering the controversial question of whether to operate for progressive or recurrent GBM seeks to evaluate the current available evidence and report on its conclusions.
Monitoring gas and heat emissions at Norris Geyser Basin, Yellowstone National Park, USA based on a combined eddy covariance and multi-GAS approach

Abstract We quantified gas and heat emissions in an acid-sulfate, vapor-dominated area (0.04-km2) of Norris Geyser Basin, located just north of the 0.63 Ma Yellowstone Caldera and near an area of anomalous uplift. From 14 May to 3 October 2016, an eddy covariance system measured half-hourly CO2, H2O and sensible (H) and latent (LE) heat fluxes and a Multi-GAS instrument measured (1 Hz frequency) atmospheric H2O, CO2 and H2S volumetric mixing ratios. We also measured soil CO2 fluxes using the accumulation chamber method and temperature profiles on a grid and collected fumarole gas samples for geochemical analysis. Eddy covariance CO2 fluxes ranged from − 56 to 885 g m− 2 d− 1. Using wavelet analysis, average daily eddy covariance CO2 fluxes were locally correlated with average daily environmental parameters on several-day to monthly time scales. Estimates of CO2 emission rate from the study area ranged from 8.6 t d− 1 based on eddy covariance measurements to 9.8 t d− 1 based on accumulation chamber measurements. Eddy covariance water vapor fluxes ranged from 1178 to 24,600 g m− 2 d− 1. Nighttime H and LE were considered representative of hydrothermal heat fluxes and ranged from 4 to 183 and 38 to 504 W m− 2, respectively. The total hydrothermal heat emission rate (H + LE + radiant) estimated for the study area was 11.6 MW and LE contributed 69% of the output. The mean ± standard deviation of H2O, CO2 and H2S mixing ratios measured by the Multi-GAS system were 9.3 ± 3.1 parts per thousand, 467 ± 61 ppmv, and 0.5 ± 0.6 ppmv, respectively, and variations in the gas compositions were strongly correlated with diurnal variations in environmental parameters (wind speed and direction, atmospheric temperature). After removing ambient H2O and CO2, the observed variations in the Multi-GAS data could be explained by the mixing of relatively H2O-CO2-H2S-rich fumarole gases with CO2-rich and H2O-H2S-poor soil gases. The fumarole H2O/CO2 and CO2/H2S end member ratios (101.7 and 27.1, respectively, on average) were invariant during the measurement period and fell within the range of values measured in direct fumarole gas samples. The soil gas H2O/CO2 end member ratios (~ 15–30) were variable and low relative to the fumarole end member, likely resulting from water vapor loss during cooling and condensation in the shallow subsurface, whereas the CO2/H2S end member ratio was high (~ 160), presumably related to transport of CO2-dominated soil gas emissions mixed with trace fumarolic emissions to the Multi-GAS station. Nighttime eddy covariance ratios of H2O to CO2 flux were typically between the soil gas and fumarole end member H2O/CO2 ratios defined by Multi-GAS measurements. Overall, the combined eddy covariance and Multi-GAS approach provides a powerful tool for quasi-continuous measurements of gas and heat emissions for improved volcano-hydrothermal monitoring.
52: Programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4) regulates proinflammatory cytokine signaling in bacterial pneumonia

The balance between pro and anti-inflammatory signaling in innate immune responses to bacterial infection is especially critical in the lung. PDCD4, known primarily for its anti-tumor functions, influences inflammatory cytokine production and is negatively regulated by miR-21 (transcription) and p70S6K (phosphorylation), which are both targets of interferon (IFN) signaling. We postulated that PDCD4 has a central role in activating cytokine signaling, and functions as a target for IFN λ . To confirm the relationship between PDCD4 and inflammatory cytokines in the context of P. aeruginosa PAK infection, 16HBEs were treated with siRNA against PDCD4, stimulated with PAK (MOI 10, 4 h) and IL-8 was measured by RT-PCR. IL-8 induction was decreased in siRNA treated cells. Conversely, inhibiting miR-21 increased IL-8 induction in response to PAK. In response to PAK (MOI 10, 4 h), IFN λ mRNA was increased >10-fold in dendritic cells. IFN λ treatment of 16HBEs resulted in a STAT3 dependent decrease in miR-21 and increase in PDCD4 expression. IFN λ also reduced phosphorylation of p70S6K. The in vivo relevance of these pathways was determined using wt and IL-28R-/- (IFN λ receptor) mice. Similar levels of PDCD4 and miR-21 were found in the lungs of uninfected mice, however constitutive phosphorylation of p70S6K and PDCD4 was observed in knockout mice. IL-28R-/- mice had significantly improved clearance of PAK from the lung ( p p p = 0.0018) and PDCD4 mRNA significantly lower ( p = 0.0323) in IL-28R-/- compared to wt. Phosphorylation of p70S6K and PDCD4 in response to PAK was observed in WT and KO mice. These results indicate that PDCD4 is a central regulator of inflammatory cytokine production during P. aeruginosa pneumonia.
Medicus Deus: a review of factors affecting hospital library services to patients between 1790-1950.

Question: What are some of the historical societal, medical, and public health trends leading to today's provision of hospital library services to patients? Data Sources: Literature from the archives of the Bulletin of the Medical Library Association and other library sources, medical journals, primary historical documents, and texts from the history of medicine form the core of this review. Study Selection: The period of review extends from about 1790 through 1950 and focuses solely on trends in the United States. Of primary concern are explicitly documented examples that appear to illustrate the patient-physician relationship and those between librarians and their patient-patrons during the earliest years of the profession's development. Data Extraction: An historical timeline was created to allow the identification of major trends that may have affected library services. Multiple literature searches were conducted using library, medical, and health anthropology resources. When possible, primary sources were preferred over reviews. Main Results: Juxtapositioning historical events allows the reader to obtain an overview of the roots of consumer health services in medical libraries and to consider their potential legacy in today's health care libraries. Conclusion: This review article highlights early developments in hospital library service to patients. Further research is needed to verify a preliminary conclusion that in some medical library settings, services to the general public are shaped by the broader health care environment as it has evolved.
Denervation of the sinus tarsi for chronic post-traumatic lateral ankle pain

Fractures and sprains that injure joints may also cause nerve damage. Indications for sinus tarsi denervation include pain refractory to conventional treatment after inversion sprains.
Sulfation and Renal Excretion of Bile Salts in Patients with Cirrhosis of the Liver

Renal excretion of bile salts was studied in 17 patients with cirrhosis of the liver. The average quantity of bile salts in urine was 10.2 ± 8.3 mg per 24 hr, 56% of which were sulfated. Of the individual urinary bile salts, 24% of the cholate, 76% of the chenodeoxycholate, 85% of the deoxycholate, and 100% of the lithocholate were sulfated. In contrast, neither sulfated nor nonsulfated bile salts could be detected in urine from 2 normal subjects. Kinetics of bile salt metabolism was measured in 2 of the cirrhotic patients after oral administration of [14C]cholate and [3H]chenodeoxycholate. Approximately 3 to 12% of bile salts synthesized in liver were excreted in urine. Most urinary bile salts (76 to 80%) were sulfated, whereas only 4 to 5% of serum bile salts and 7 to 10% of biliary bile salts were sulfated. Renal clearance of cholate was more than 3 times greater than the clearance of chenodeoxycholate or deoxycholate. Renal clearance of sulfated bile salts was 20 to 200 times greater than the clearance of the corresponding nonsulfated bile salts.
Beyond plasma exchange: novel therapies for thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura

The advent of plasma exchange has dramatically changed the prognosis of acute thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP). Recent insights into TTP pathogenesis have led to the development of novel therapies targeting pathogenic anti-ADAMTS13 antibody production, von Willebrand factor (VWF)-platelet interactions, and ADAMTS13 replacement. Retrospective and prospective studies have established the efficacy of rituximab as an adjunct to plasma exchange for patients with acute TTP, either upfront or for refractory disease. Relapse prevention is a major concern for survivors of acute TTP, and emerging data support the prophylactic use of rituximab in patients with persistent or recurrent ADAMTS13 deficiency in clinical remission. Capalcizumab, a nanobody directed against domain A1 of VWF that prevents the formation of VWF-platelet aggregates, recently completed phase 2 (TITAN) and 3 (HERCULES) trials with encouraging results. Compared with placebo, caplacizumab shortened the time to platelet recovery and may protect against microthrombotic tissue injury in the acute phase of TTP, though it does not modify the underlying immune response. Other promising therapies including plasma cell inhibitors (bortezomib), recombinant ADAMTS13, N-acetyl cysteine, and inhibitors of the VWF-glycoprotein Ib/IX interaction (anfibatide) are in development, and several of these agents are in prospective clinical studies to evaluate their efficacy and role in TTP. In the coming years, we are optimistic that novel therapies and international collaborative efforts will usher in even more effective, evidence-based approaches to address refractory acute TTP and relapse prevention.
Relationship Between Operator Volume and Long-Term Outcomes After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention.

Background: Although many studies show an inverse association between operator procedural volume and short-term adverse outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), the association betw...
Painful Chest Conditions

Conditions affecting the musculoskeletal structures of the chest wall are among the most common causes of chest pain. It is vital to rule out coronary syndromes in patients presenting with chest wall pain, who have risk factors for coronary artery disease. Presented are some of the more common causes of chest wall pain and their clinical findings, diagnostics and treatment.
Psychopharmacology: Special Considerations When Working with Young Children

This chapter discusses the special considerations associated with the use of psychotropic medications in young children. Emphasis is placed on the importance of a thorough cost-to-benefit analysis prior to and during psychiatric treatment. The paucity of available efficacy data in young children and the unique short- and long-term side effect concerns are reviewed. A set of references and web-based materials are provided to readers for additional information.
Enhanced Thermal Stability of Low-k Ethyl-Bridged Organosilicas Using Laser Spike Annealing

Incorporating organic bridges within porous organosilica films is a promising route to achieving required mechanical properties of ultralow-k dielectric films. To retain these critical organic bridges during thermal processing, submillisecond laser spike annealing (LSA) of sol–gel-derived, low-k, ethyl-bridged organosilica films was investigated. Structural and dielectric properties changes, as a function of the peak annealing temperature between 400 and ∼1400 °C, were determined by using a lateral-gradient LSA technique. Under LSA, the ethyl-bridged structures were found to remain stable to the highest LSA peak temperatures; in contrast, nearly 40% of the bridges were lost by 540 °C under hot plate annealing. Refining of Si–O–Si structures, and porosity generation from remnant porogens, was found to begin above ∼700 °C with densification only occurring ∼350 °C higher. This ability of LSA to retain organic bridges within a silica network during thermal processing may ultimately enable development of high-...
Carbonized Electrodes for Electrochemical Sensing

We have fabricated carbonized polymeric 3-D structures on silica substrate and carbonized them within CMOS operating temperature regime towards obtaining an integrated lab-on-CMOS electrochemical sensor. Metal layers of Ti and Au were deposited on silica substrate to provide electrical contact as well as expedite the formation of electrodes on the substrate. Polymeric conical structures were fabricated on metalized silica substrate using 3-D laser writing based on 2-photon polymerization. Desired carbonization of polymeric structures was obtained using a two step annealing process in oxidative and inert environments. Scanning electron microscopy was used to observe structure morphology and Raman spectroscopy verified carbonization. Finally, electrochemical and impedance characterization of the carbonized electrodes was carried out. Experimental results show the potential of these carbonized electrodes to be used in building low-cost and monolithic CMOS electrochemical sensors.
Minimizing skills and training gaps through professional development course

Many companies that are striving to expand their development and production are finding it difficult to do so successfully. This is due to the shortage of qualified employees to help sustain their competitive edge in the global market. This dilemma is due to skills gaps; more importantly a mismatch between available jobs and skills. It is imperative to prepare the workforce for technical jobs and as well to find a lasting solution to eradicate the effect of skills and training gaps on college graduates. This paper addresses the causes of skills and training gaps and the need to minimize the impact of skills and training gaps through professional development.
Baseline Psychosocial and Demographic Factors Associated with Study Attrition and 12‐Month Weight Gain in the DIETFITS Trial

Objective The purpose of this study was to examine correlates of failure-trial attrition and weight gain-in a randomized clinical weight-loss trial. Methods The Diet Intervention Examining The Factors Interacting with Treatment Success (DIETFITS) trial included 609 adults (18-50 years; BMI 28-40). Participants were randomized to a 12-month healthy low-fat or healthy low-carbohydrate diet for weight loss. At baseline, participants completed psychosocial, demographic, and anthropometric measures. Stepwise logistic regressions identified baseline factors associated with (1) study attrition and (2) among trial completers, weight gain at 12 months. Results Having higher baseline food addiction and self-efficacy was linked to treatment failure. Being younger, not having a college education, having higher outcome expectations and quality of life, and having lower social functioning and self-control increased the odds of trial attrition. Identifying as other than non-Hispanic white; not being married or cohabitating; having higher cognitive restraint and self-control; and having lower amotivation, family encouragement, and physical limitations increased the odds of gaining weight by treatment's end. Conclusions Participants' baseline psychosocial and demographic factors may support or impede successful weight loss. Trialists should attend to these factors when designing treatments in order to promote participants' likelihood of completing the trial and achieving their weight-loss goals.
Two parameters in the perception of Serbo-Croatian tone

Abstract: Previous works by this author have indicated that the location of the peak of the fundamental frequency within the accented vowel can cue the perception of rising and falling tones in Serbo-Croation. Research by Lehiste and Ivic indicates that the relationship between the initial and final values of the fundamental frequency within the accented vowel may also be important for the perception of Serbo-Croation tone. The present study investigates the significance of these two parameters along with their interaction for the perception of rising and falling tones. The question of the relative importance of the two parameters ia also addressed and it is found that there is no basis for claiming that one or the other parameter is more important for the perception of Serbo-Croation tone. Variations in pitch peak location and the relationship between the intial and final fundamental frequency within the accented vowel significantly affect the perception of Serbo-Croation tone. The two parameters also significantly interact in their affects on the perception of native listeners.
Development and optimization of stealth liposomal system for enhanced in vitro cytotoxic effect of quercetin

Abstract The present study was designed to develop a stealth liposomal drug delivery system for a naturally occurring flavonoid, quercetin. Quercetin is a unique polyphenol with multifarious curative applications, anticancer activity being one of them. However, the poor aqueous solubility of this hydrophobic compound hinders its therapeutic effects. For this purpose, our study aimed to enhance the aqueous solubility and in vitro cytotoxic efficacy of quercetin by its incorporation in stealth liposomal formulation. Quercetin-loaded stealth liposomes were prepared with different molar ratios of egg-PC, cholesterol and DSPE-PEG2000 lipids by the traditional thin film hydration method followed by their physicochemical characterization to determine average particle size, polydispersity index (PDI) and zeta potential. The encapsulation efficiency (EE%), saturation solubility of quercetin and apparent solubility of quercetin-loaded stealth liposomes were determined using HPLC. The stealth liposomes were investigated for their stability and an optimized and stable liposomal formulation containing 5% DSPE-PEG2000 lipid was then further evaluated for its in vitro cytotoxicity in HeLa cells and compared to that of free quercetin. The average particle size, PDI, zeta potential and EE% of the optimized liposomes were found to be 110 nm, 0.169, −3.69 mV and 89%, respectively. Encapsulation of quercetin in the stealth liposomal system significantly increased its solubility by approximately 44-fold. This liposomal formulation was stable up to 21 days in terms of its physicochemical characteristics and EE%. Liposomal encapsulation of quercetin was significantly more capable of reducing cell viability of HeLa cells when compared to free quercetin. Our study suggests that this appropriately designed stealth liposomal system could be a promising carrier for encapsulation of the hydrophobic bioactive, quercetin, and significantly enhanced the aqueous solubility and escalated the cytotoxic efficacy of quercetin in cervical cancer cells.
Effects of Prenatal Exposure to a Mixture of Organophosphate Flame Retardants on Placental Gene Expression and Serotonergic Innervation in the Fetal Rat Brain

There is a growing need to understand the potential neurotoxicity of organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) and plasticizers because use and, consequently, human exposure, is rapidly expanding. We have previously shown in rats that developmental exposure to the commercial flame retardant mixture Firemaster 550 (FM 550), which contains OPFRs, results in sex-specific behavioral effects, and identified the placenta as a potential target of toxicity. The placenta is a critical coordinator of fetal growth and neurodevelopment, and a source of neurotransmitters for the developing brain. We have shown in rats and humans that flame retardants accumulate in placental tissue, and induce functional changes, including altered neurotransmitter production. Here, we sought to establish if OPFRs (triphenyl phosphate and a mixture of isopropylated triarylphosphate isomers) alter placental function and fetal forebrain development, with disruption of tryptophan metabolism as a primary pathway of interest. Wistar rat dams were orally exposed to OPFRs (0, 500, 1000, or 2000 μg/day) or a serotonin (5-HT) agonist 5-methoxytryptamine for 14 days during gestation and placenta and fetal forebrain tissues collected for analysis by transcriptomics and metabolomics. Relative abundance of genes responsible for the transport and synthesis of placental 5-HT were disrupted, and multiple neuroactive metabolites in the 5-HT and kynurenine metabolic pathways were upregulated. In addition, 5-HTergic projections were significantly longer in the fetal forebrains of exposed males. These findings suggest that OPFRs have the potential to impact the 5-HTergic system in the fetal forebrain by disrupting placental tryptophan metabolism.
Control Theoretical Modeling of Trust-Based Decision Making in Food-Energy-Water Management

We propose a hybrid Human-Machine decision making to manage Food-Energy-Water resources. In our system trust among human actors during decision making is measured and managed. Furthermore, such trust is used to pressure human actors to choose among the solutions generated by algorithms that satisfy the community’s preferred trade-offs among various objectives. We model the trust-based loops in decision making by using control theory. In this system, the feedback information is the trust pressure that actors receive from peers. Using control theory, we studied the dynamics of the trust of an actor. Then, we presented the modeling of the change of solution distances. In both scenarios, we also calculated the settling times and the stability using the transfer functions and their Z-transforms as the number of rounds to show whether and when the decision making is finalized.
Guided Ion Beam Tandem Mass Spectrometry and Theoretical Study of SO2 Activated by Os.

The kinetic-energy dependence of SO2 activated by Os+ was studied by guided ion beam tandem mass spectrometry. Species observed in endothermic reactions were OsO+, OsO2+ or OsS+, and OOsS+. The kin...
Quand la Tunisie ouvrait la voie … Combats et débats d'une année révolutionnaire: by Pierre Robert Baduel, Paris, Éditions Non Lieu, 2020, 440 pp., €30 (softcover), ISBN 978-2-35270-302-0

Democracy’s fate worldwide today has never been so precarious or uncertain. Both established and consolidated democracies, along with their newer versions, seem on the verge of losing their institu...
Backlund transformations of MKdV and Painleve equations

For N>or=3 there are SN and DN actions on the space of solutions of the first nontrivial equation in the SL(N) MKdV hierarchy, generalizing the two Z2 actions on the space of solutions of the standard MKdV equation. These actions survive scaling reduction, and give rise to transformation groups for certain (systems of) ODEs, including the second, fourth and fifth Painleve equations.
Characteristics, anticoagulation, and outcomes of portal vein thrombosis after intra-abdominal surgery.

Abstract Background Intra-abdominal surgery is a cause of portal vein thrombosis; however, postsurgical portal vein thrombosis has not been extensively described. Methods This is a retrospective study of 107 patients with postsurgical portal vein thrombosis followed for a median 25 months (interquartile range 11–51). Outcomes were complete radiographic resolution of portal vein thrombosis and development of clinical portal hypertension. Results Surgeries associated with portal vein thrombosis included colectomy (n = 42), bariatric surgery (n = 25), and splenectomy (n = 11). Presentations were nonspecific, typically characterized by abdominal pain. Sixty-three patients (59%) achieved complete radiographic resolution. On univariable analysis, provoking surgery, occlusivity of portal vein thrombosis, and anticoagulant used were associated with complete radiographic resolution. Colectomy was associated with a complete radiographic resolution rate of 30/42 (71%), bariatric 10/25 (40%), splenectomy 2/11 (18%), and other 21/29 (72%), (log rank P = .0033). Nonocclusive thrombus was associated with a complete radiographic resolution rate of 44/62 (71%), occlusive thrombus 19/45 (42%), (log rank P = .0101). Direct oral anticoagulants were associated with a complete radiographic resolution rate of 27/35 (77%), enoxaparin 20/29 (69%), warfarin 14/31 (45%), and no anticoagulant 2/12 (17%), (log rank P = .0002). On multivariable analysis, only anticoagulant choice was significantly associated with complete radiographic resolution. Using direct oral anticoagulants as reference, no anticoagulant yielded an adjusted hazard ratio of 0.10 for complete radiographic resolution (95% confidence interval 0.023–0.44), warfarin 0.40 (95% confidence interval 0.20–0.78), and enoxaparin 0.64 (95% confidence interval 0.49–1.60). Failure to achieve complete radiographic resolution was associated with greater risk of future clinical portal hypertension. Twenty-three patients (21%) went on to develop clinical portal hypertension; 20 who failed to achieve complete radiographic resolution (45%), and only 3 who achieved complete radiographic resolution (5%), (log rank P Conclusion The natural history of postsurgical portal vein thrombosis is variable and influenced by type of surgery, degree of occlusion, and, most notably, type of anticoagulant used. Failure to recanalize the portal vein carries considerable risk of future clinical portal hypertension.