cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mechanical simulation of human thorax under impact

This paper summarizes an analysis, design, and test project in which a dummy chest structure was developed. The chest consisted of mechanical elements that had been characterized by computer simulations as giving responses to blunt frontal impacts necessary for biofidelity. An analysis of mechanical rib structures indicated that materials having a high ratio of yield stress to modulus of elasticity were required. Only metals having unusually high yield strengths, such as spring steels, qualified. A mechanical system was developed with steel ribs pivoted at each end as a primary spring. A secondary spring was a pair of commercially available die springs acting in parallel with the ribs after 25.4 mm (1.00 in) deflection. A fluid damper was developed to provide the damping. The chest structure was tested under conditions modified from those used by Kroell. The modifications were holding the spine rigidly and reducing the impact masses. The response of the mechanical system was similar to that predicted by the mathematical model. It satisfied the 4.92 m/s (11 mph) response corridor and was very near the 7.15 m/s (16 mph) corridor. Further adjustments are necessary to adapt the chest to a crash test dummy. The chest must still be tested as part of the total dummy structure under the impact conditions specified by Kroell. Testing under these conditions is necessary, but not sufficient, to assure biofidelity.
Generalized Ito Formula, Change of Time and Measure

In this chapter we shall first obtain a generalized Ito formula for convex functions of Brownian motion. Then we shall prove a result which shows that Brownian motion is truly the canonical example of a continuous local martingale.
Synthesis of the C6-C21 segment of amphidinolide E.

A convergent approach to a C6−C21 segment of the polyketide amphidinolide E has been developed through combination of three subunits by allenylindium bromide-aldehyde addition and Suzuki sp2-sp3 coupling.
The Seer Technique: A Non-Computational Procedure for Quickly Estimating Readability Levela

A sample-methods scales technique, analogous to Thomdike's procedure for rating handwriting, was used to determine readability levels of eight randomly arrayed paragraphs selected from children's literature covering the range from grades 1 through 6. Readability levels were arrived at by having judges match the randomly arrayed paragraphs either to a scale constructed for the study from paragraphs taken from children's literature or to a scale of paragraphs taken from Spache's Diagnostic Reading Scales. Validity of the technique was established by the chi-square finding that judged versus computed readability levels of the randomly arrayed paragraphs were not significantly different. Moreover, the average readability estimates for the 32 judges deviated less than an average of 1.0 grade levels from their computed readability levels. Comparisons with other simplified readability procedures revealed the technique was more valid than McLaughlin's computational procedure and as valid as Fry's graphed estimate...
Identifying and overcoming barriers in urban climate adaptation: Case study findings from the San Francisco Bay Area, California, USA

Abstract The persistent gap, termed the “adaptation deficit,” between the assumed ability of communities to adapt to climate change and the on-the-ground evidence of their progress to adapt is well-documented. To at least partially explain this adaptation deficit, a growing number of researchers have focused on the existence and nature of barriers to adaptation and about society’s ability to overcome them. This paper presents an empirical study that systematically identifies barriers to adaptation processes in the San Francisco Bay Area, California, USA. To do so, a theory-driven framework, previously developed by the authors, was used here to identify, organize, and diagnose barriers in four cities and one largely urbanized region. The study identified as the most frequent type of barrier encountered in these cases is related to institutional and governance issues, followed by the attitudes, values and motivations of the actors involved. Resource and funding constraints also matter, but scientific and technical issues are far less prominent than often presumed. The theoretical framework was found to usefully support the empirical identification and organization of barriers and to provide a “road map” for designing strategies to circumvent, remove, or lower the barriers and thus come closer to closing the adaptation deficit.
Encoding difficulty and memory: toward a unifying theory

Abstract Past studies exploring the mnemonic benefits of encoding difficulty have produced inconsistent results. To explain these disparate results, we propose a framework that focuses on the type of processing that is induced by different difficulty manipulations, the nature of the learning material, and the importance of encoding both relational and individual-item information. Specifically, it is argued that a given difficulty manipulation will improve recall if it encourages processing of the type of information (i.e., relational or individual item) that is not encoded obligatorily from the material. Predictions from this framework were tested in two experiments in which different difficulty manipulations were performed on two different types of text. For descriptive texts, a difficulty manipulation that encouraged relational processing produced the highest recall. For fairy tales, recall was higher when subjects performed a difficult task that promoted the encoding of individual-item information. These results are explained in terms of the framework described above. Existing theoretical positions are also considered in light of the obtained pattern of effects.
The expression and function of a Bacteroides gingivalis hemagglutinin gene in Escherichia coll

Eight Escherichia coli JM 109 transformants generated from a clone bank of Bacteroides gingivalis 381 genomic DNA, were found to express B. gingivalis antigens. Quantitation of antigen expression by ELISA indicated that isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) was not necessary for antigen expression for any of the clones but that expression in 2 of the clones, ST 2 and ST 3, was increased in cells grown in the presence of IPTG. Western blot analysis revealed that the expressed protein of clone ST 2 has a molecular weight of 125,000 Dal. and that clone ST 3 contains multiple bands of 30 to 50 kdal which react with the anti-B. gingivalis antiserum. Three of the transformants were found to agglutinate sheep erythrocytes. Polyclonal monospecific antiserum to one of the transformants, clone ST 2, was found to react to 2 major bands of MWs 43,000 and 38,000 and minor bands of 115,000, 105,000, 32,000, and 30,000 Dal. present in B. gingivalis cell lysate preparations. Adsorption of anti B. gingivalis antiserum with cells of clone ST 2 reduced the hemagglutination inhibition activity of the antiserum 4-fold whereas antiserum to the clone itself inhibited B. gingivalis hemagglutination at a titer of 8 times that of normal rabbit serum. Immunoelectronmicroscopic studies using the antiserum to clone ST 2 indicate that the product of the cloned gene (hemagglutinin) is located on the B. gingivalis cell surface. A restriction map generated of the cloned B. gingivalis DNA fragment confirms the insert to be 3.2 kbases and indicates the possibility of a repeated sequence in the fragment.
A comparison of 18 different x-ray detectors currently used in dentistry

Abstract Purpose There has been a proliferation of available dental x-ray detectors over the recent past. The purpose of this short technical report is to provide a basic comparison of spatial resolution, contrast perceptibility, and relative exposure latitudes of 18 current dental x-ray detectors, including solid-state systems (CCD and CMOS), photostimulable phosphors, and analog film. Methods Spatial resolution was measured using a 0.025 mm Pb phantom test grid with a measurement range from 1.5 to 20 lp/mm. For contrast perceptibility, a 7-mm thick aluminum perceptibility test device with wells of 0.1-0.9 mm depth at 0.1 mm intervals and 1 defect of 1.5 mm was used. The relative exposure latitude was determined by expert consensus using clear discrimination of the enamel-dentin junction as the lower limit and pixel blooming or unacceptable levels of cervical burnout as the upper limit. Results The highest spatial resolution was found with Kodak InSight film, RVG-ui (CCD), and RVG 6000 (CMOS) detectors, each of which achieved 20 lp/mm, followed by the Planmeca Dixi2 v3 at ≥16 lp/mm. Contrast resolution was at least to 0.2 mm through 7 mm aluminum for all 18 detectors, with the best results being found for the Visualix HDI, RVG-ui, RVG 5000, and RVG 6000 detectors and the Schick CDR wired and wireless systems. The greatest exposure ranges were found with photostimulable phosphors and the Kodak RVG 6000 and RVG 5000 detectors. Conclusions Most current x-ray detectors generally perform well in terms of spatial and contrast resolutions, and in terms of exposure latitude. These findings were independent of the modality applied.
Structural and Sr2+ ion exchange studies of gallosilicate TsG-1

The potassium gallosilicate TsG-1, K10Ga10Si22O64·5H2O, when contacted with a Sr2+:Na+ = 1:5 solution, exhibited a preference for Sr2+ as determined from ion-exchange studies using ion chromatography. A structural model for the strontium-exchanged material, Sr-TsG-1, Sr5Ga10Si22O64·19H2O, was obtained using Rietveld analysis and high-resolution synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction data. The space group, Pnma, of the as-synthesized material is retained in Sr-TsG-1, which has a = 8.6826(1), b = 13.8828(1), c = 16.2484(1) A. The buckled 8-ring site, consisting of interpenetrated double 6-ring (iD6R) arrays in the CGS topology adopted by TsG-1, is half-occupied by Sr2+ to form a distorted tetrahedral coordination with four framework oxygen atoms. The elliptical 8-ring and s-shaped 10-ring, generated by cross-linking the iD6R arrays along the b and a axis, respectively, also provide environments suitable for Sr2+. An in-situ synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction study confirmed b axis contraction upon Sr2+ upta...
“Mom, They are Going to Kill My Dad!” A Personal Narrative on Capital Punishment From a Convict Criminology Perspective

Capital punishment, although opposed by numerous scholars and banned in several countries, continues to be practiced in many locations under a popular rationale associated with retributive justice. While there has been extensive debate on this issue for decades among scholars, policymakers, correctional professionals, and the media; other important voices, specifically the voices of family members of executed convicts, have been ignored or discounted. Situated within a convict criminology perspective, this paper focuses on a personal narrative of how the issue of capital punishment was experienced by the partner (second author of this paper) of an executed convict. This narrative powerfully illustrates complexities and unintended social injustices toward family members that can occur from capital punishment.
TU‐C‐141‐07: Limitations of Summing Dose Across Fractions: A Simple Test to Identify Failure

Purpose: With the increased availability of clinical deformable image registration tools, summing dose distributions calculated over different CT volumes is a tempting option. However, visual inspections of image registrations are insufficient to assess accuracy, and no patient‐specific QA methods exist to‐date. If the plan quality of the resulting summed dose is poor, it is difficult to discern whether the degradation results from organ motion or registration inaccuracies. We present a straightforward patient‐specific test that identifies invalid dose registrations. Methods: We applied the proposed test to assess dose registration accuracy for an illustrative 2‐fraction HDR brachytherapy prostate case. One plan per fraction was optimized using a unique CT acquired and contoured for each fraction and MIMVista was used to deformably register the clinical dose and contours. The resulting deformed and target CTs were compared. DVHs for the original dose distributions were calculated on their corresponding contours and for the deformed dose using both the target and warped contours. The four resulting DVH sets were compared and analyzed. Results: Though the deformed and target CTs match closely, V100 for the deformed dose plan is 42.0% as compared to 88.6% and 89.6% for the first and second day plans. Computing the deformed dose prostate DVH on the warped contours instead produces a target DVH with V100 of 82.6%, which differs greatly from the deformed V100 calculated on the target contours. Conclusion: When assessing a deformed dose, it is impossible to determine a priori whether degradation of the plan DVHs has resulted from organ motion or registration inaccuracies. If contoured and registered properly, the DVHs of the deformed dose should be similar regardless of whether they are computed over the deformed or target CT contours. Large differences between the two are a strong indication that the warped dose is unusable.
Gene expression variation in grapevine species Vitis vinifera L. and Vitis aestivalis Michx.

Comparative microarray (Vitis GeneChip) analysis in young leaves revealed considerable variation in gene expression between Vitis vinifera L. and Vitis aestivalis Michx. Approximately 12% of the genes were differentially expressed in the two grapevine species (P < 0.001). Over 200 probe sets were identified which consistently detected transcripts in one grapevine species, but not in the other. We were unable to identify any broad functional category in which transcript abundance was overall different in any one species. Of the genes expressed only in V. aestivalis leaves, we identified a class IV chitinase which was previously shown by others to have a flower- and fruit-specific expression in V. vinifera. Among the transcripts which were differentially expressed (P < 0.001) in both species, we identified genes encoding key enzymes in flavonoid, monolignol, and proanthocyanindin biosynthesis. Statistical exploration of the data suggested that sequence divergence between the predominantly V. vinifera-derived GeneChip probes and the V. aestivalis cRNA did not confound the hybridization data and that the reliability of the microarray results was similar in the two grapevine species.
Long-Term Results of Scleral Reinforcement Surgery

Of 40 scleral reinforcement operations for progressive severe myopia, 23 patients were followed up for a minimum of five years. Ten of 23 patients showed an essentially stable postoperative course (43%) while 13 (57%) had increases in myopia of –1.0 diopter or more. Among the operated on eyes, 17 of 23 eventually had some increase in myopia. of the 20 eyes that had preoperative axial measurements, 18 (90%) had increases in axial diameter of 0.3 mm or more. There were complications in six of the 40 eyes, including anterior uveitis, motility disorders, and retinal detachment. Progression of posterior staphyloma formation or the onset of myopic fundus degeneration was observed in ten eyes. Two problems with this surgery are the limited scleral area reinforced by narrow grafts and the possible late involvement of graft collagen in the disease process of host sclera.
Gyrokinetic particle simulation of fusion plasmas: path to petascale computing

Gyrokinetic particle simulation of fusion plasmas for studying turbulent transport on state-of-theart computers has a long history of important scientific discoveries. The primary examples are: (i) the identification of ion temperature gradient (ITG) drift turbulence as the most plausible process responsible for the thermal transport observed in tokamak experiments; (ii) the reduction of such transport due to the presence of zonal flows; (iii) the confinement scaling trends associated with size of the plasma and also with the ionic isotope species. With the availability of terascale computers in recent years, we have also been able to carry out simulations with improved physics fidelity using experimentally relevant parameters. Computationally, we have demonstrated that our lead Particle-in- Cell (PIC) code, the Gyrokinetic Turbulence Code (GTC), is portable, efficient, and scalable on various MPP platforms. Convergence studies with unprecedented phase-space resolution have also been carried out. Since petascale resources are expected to be available in the near future, we have also engaged in developing better physics models and more efficient numerical algorithms to take advantage of this exciting opportunity. For the near term, we are interested in understanding some basic physics issues related to burning plasmas experiments in International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) - a multi-billion dollar device to be constructed over the next decade. Our long range goal is to carry out integrated simulations for ITER plasmas for a wide range of temporal and spatial scales, including high-frequency short-wavelength wave heating, low-frequency meso-scale transport, and low-frequency large scale magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) physics on these computers.
Research Commentary---NeuroIS: The Potential of Cognitive Neuroscience for Information Systems Research

This paper introduces the idea of drawing upon the cognitive neuroscience literature to inform IS research (herein termed “NeuroIS”). Recent advances in cognitive neuroscience are uncovering the neural bases of cognitive, emotional, and social processes, and they offer new insights into the complex interplay between IT and information processing, decision making, and behavior among people, organizations, and markets. The paper reviews the emerging cognitive neuroscience literature to propose a set of seven opportunities that IS researchers can use to inform IS phenomena, namely (1) localizing the neural correlates of IS constructs, (2) capturing hidden mental processes, (3) complementing existing sources of IS data with brain data, (4) identifying antecedents of IS constructs, (5) testing consequences of IS constructs, (6) inferring the temporal ordering among IS constructs, and (7) challenging assumptions and enhancing IS theories. The paper proposes a framework for exploring the potential of cognitive neuroscience for IS research and offers examples of potentially fertile intersections of cognitive neuroscience and IS research in the domains of design science and human-computer interaction. This is followed by an example NeuroIS study in the context of e-commerce adoption using fMRI, which spawns interesting new insights. The challenges of using functional neuroimaging tools are also discussed. The paper concludes that there is considerable potential for using cognitive neuroscience theories and functional brain imaging tools in IS research to enhance IS theories.
The connected traveler: using location and personalization on mobile devices to improve transportation

In this paper we present the connected traveler architecture that allows mobile users to personalize the delivery of transportation related content. The widespread use of mobile devices and the increasing availability of wireless internet present an opportunity for transportation engineers to deliver mobility and safety content to the drivers, pedestrians and public transit users. Connectedtraveler.org enables this technology by combining the location of the mobile user with pre-defined personalized profiles to improve user experience.
Minimum Spanning Tree Algorithm On An Image Understanding Architecture

A parallel algorithm for computing the minimum spanning tree of a weighted, undirected graph on an n x n mesh-connected array with a special "gated connection network" is presented. For a graph of n vertices, the algorithm requires O(log2n) time. At each step in the parallel algorithm, each node selects one of its links with the least cost as a spanning tree link. Linked nodes form connected components, so that each node eventually belongs to a group with its own identity. The connected components and their associated indices are then treated as super nodes at the next minimum link determination step. The gated connection network function is to allow all the nodes within a connected component to be electrically connected, regardless of where they are located in the adjacency matrix. The index or label used for that component is the local minimum of the node index. All the connected component operations, and those for finding minimum links between them, can be performed in parallel.
A generic DMM test and calibration strategy

The digital multimeter (DMM) is one of the most widely used electrical measurement instruments and provides electrical traceability to many industrial users. However, it is the nature of measurement products that they require regular checks to ensure that they operate not only in a functional sense, but also within their specifications. Such regular checks are known as calibrations and require a certain amount of knowledge of DMM technology in order to calibrate them effectively. This paper seeks to identify the important functional and calibration parameters and to offer a generic guidance strategy for their routine verification.
The Ginzburg-Landau Equation: Posed in a Quarter-Plane

Abstract We study the following Ginzburg-Landau equation (GL): ut = (ν + iα)uxx − (κ + iβ) |u|2u + γu, ν > 0, κ > 0, α ≠ 0. For a full-line problem with u(x, 0) = u0(x) ∈ H2(−∞, ∞), global existence-uniqueness is established. For a half-line problem with u(x, 0) = u0(x) ∈ H2[0, ∞), u(0, t) = Q(t) ∈ C2[0, ∞), u0(0) = Q(0), the following results are available: (1) local existence-uniqueness; (2) criteria for the existence of a small amplitude solution on any finite interval by means of small initial and boundary data; (3) global existence in the case |β| ≤ √3κ or αβ > 0.
The effect of chronic clozapine on basal dopamine release and apomorphine-induced DA release in the striatum and nucleus accumbens as measured by in vivo brain microdialysis.

Abstract Previous studies have produced conflicting results concerning the effect of chronic oral vs. parenteral (i.p.) clozapine administration on dopamine (DA) release and metabolism in the striatum and nucleus accumbens (n. accumbens) of freely moving rats using in vivo microdialysis. In this study, parenteral chronic clozapine (20 mg/kg/day for 21 days, i.p.) had no effect on basal DA release and metabolism in either region. Chronic treatment with parenteral clozapine also did not reverse the decrease in DA release and metabolism in striatum and n. accumbens produced by apomorphine (100 μ/kg, s.c.). These results differ significantly from a previous report following i.p. clozapine and confirm the results previously reported with oral clozapine.
WAVE INTERACTION WITH A CONCENTRIC POROUS CYLINDER SYSTEM

Abstract This is a theoretical investigation of wave interaction with a concentric surface-piercing two-cylinder system. The exterior cylinder is porous and considered to be thin in thickness and the interior cylinder is impermeable. Both cylinders are rigidly fixed at the sea bed. The fluid motion is idealized as a linearized potential flow. The free-surface elevation and the total net hydrodynamic forces acting on both cylinders are determined analytically. The wave-induced overturning moments are also evaluated. It is found that, with the existence of the exterior porous cylinder, the hydrodynamic force acting on the interior cylinder is reduced if compared to the force exerted on the interior cylinder by a direct wave impact. The reduction of the wave amplitude around the leeward side of the outer porous cylinder is shown from the free-surface computations. In this paper, results are also presented to illustrate the effects of wave parameter and structural porosity on this wave and cylinder interaction problem. The role played by the ratio of radii of the inner and outer cylinders is duscussed.
Ability, motivation, and speed

The relations between ability, motivation, and speed in a mental task are represented by a psychometric surface. Ability of a subject is defined as the degree of difficulty for which the probability is 1/2 that he will complete the task in infinite time. Motivation affects the rate at which mental work is done, but not the altitude of performance. Suggestions towards experimental work are made.
And Then There Were None: No Need for Pluripotency Factors to Induce Reprogramming

While most factors used as reprogramming transgenes can be replaced by other means, Oct4 has remained essential until now. Three recent papers have now broken this barrier through the use of opposing lineage specifying transgenes and chemical modulation, thus signifying a milestone in advancing our understanding of pluripotency induction.
Ethnic stratification in northwest China: occupational differences between Han Chinese and national minorities in Xinjiang, 1982-1990.

The debate on market reforms and social stratification in China has paid very little attention to China’s ethnic minorities. We explored rising occupational stratification by ethnicity in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. Analyses of census data from 1982 and 1990 pointed to educational disadvantages faced by ethnic minorities as the most plausible explanation for the change. Multivariate analysis revealed a significant increase in the effect of education on high-status occupational attainment but no change in the effect of ethnicity. Net of education, ethnic differences in high-status occupational attainment were negligible. In contrast, large ethnic differences in manufacturing and agricultural occupations persisted after education and geography were statistically controlled.
Human-SCID mouse chimeric models for the evaluation of anti-cancer therapies.

Abstract The ability to engraft human tumors and human immunocompetent cells successfully in severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice has spawned the development and use of human–mouse chimeric models to evaluate anti-cancer therapies. The lack of standardization and many other potential pitfalls have contributed to the current controversy surrounding the reliability of these different models. Five frequently used SCID mouse models and their specific applications are summarized with the specific aim of providing an objective discussion of the strengths and limitations of each model, together with suggestions for overcoming some of the variabilities and for improving the design and use of future models.
L'effet de la congruence informationnelle sur la performance financière des petites banques américaines

Cet article traite des relations entre l'incertitude environnementale percue, les degres de complexite et de competence technologiques, les besoins en informations, la disponibilite de ces informations et la performance financiere d'un echantillon compose de 190 banques commerciales de 300 employes ou moins. Les resultats demontrent que des liens existent entre l'incertitude environnementale percue et les besoins en informations des chefs d'entreprise, entre la sophistication technologique et la competence informatique percue, d'une part, et la quantite d'informations disponibles, d'autre part. La congruence informationnelle a ete calculee a partir des deux variables de besoins et de disponibilite informationnels. La relation entre la congruence et certains indicateurs de performance financiere n'a pu etre detectee qu'a la suite d'une analyse typologique effectuee sur l'echantillon. Cette relation n'a ete observee que dans le cas de banques qui sont financierement moins performantes que leurs concurrentes. Notre conclusion est que l'analyse des correlations est limitee quand elle est appliquee a un echantillon qui n'est pas homogene, puisque certaines relations peuvent etre dissimulees et ne peuvent etre detectees que si cet echantillon est rendu plus homogene sur la base d'une ou de plusieurs variables criteres.
Plasma fibronectin levels and coronary artery disease.

*Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC; Division of Cardiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC;and Carolina Cardiovascular Biology Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USATo cite this article: Vavalle JP, Wu SS, Hughey R, Madamanchi NR, Stouffer GA. Plasma ﬁbronectin levels and coronary artery disease. J ThrombHaemost 2007; 5: 864–6.
Compositional dependence on phase selection during devitrification of amorphous Zr-Pt alloys

The devitrification pathways of alloys were determined using time-resolved synchrotron radiation. Amorphous Zr73Pt27 ribbons transformed directly to the stable Zr5Pt3 structure but ribbons with higher Zr contents first formed a metastable quasicrystalline phase before transforming to the Zr5Pt3 structure. Lower crystallization activation energies were observed for the higher Zr-content alloys.
Arcuate sign of posterolateral knee injuries: anatomic, radiographic, and MR imaging data related to patterns of injury

The “arcuate sign” is considered a pathognomonic sign for injuries of the posterolateral (PL) corner of the knee. The purpose of our study was to identify different patterns of injury to the fibular head that may associate with injuries to specific ligaments and tendons of the PL corner of the knee. The anatomic relations between the insertions of fibular collateral ligament (FCL), biceps femoris tendon (BFT), popliteofibular ligament (PFL), and arcuate ligament in normal cadaveric knees were also investigated. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed in two cadaveric knees which subsequently were dissected. Radiopaque markers were placed upon the fibular insertions of the FCL, BFT, PFL, and arcuate ligament in the dissected knees, and knee radiographs were then obtained. Twelve patients with radiographic or MR imaging evidence of isolated injury to the PL corner of the knee were retrospectively reviewed, with regard to avulsion fractures and marrow edema in the fibular head and the integrity of the ligaments of the PL corner of the knee. The PFL and arcuate ligament were seen to attach directly to the posterior and medial aspect of the styloid process of the fibular head. The FCL and BFT attached as a conjoined structure on the lateral aspect of the fibular head lateral, anterior and inferior to the attachment site of the PFL and arcuate ligament. Injury to the arcuate ligament or PFL was diagnosed in 8 patients who presented with a small avulsion fracture of the styloid process of the fibula (n=2), bone marrow edema in the medial aspect of the fibular head (n=3), or both (n=3). In 4 patients with injury to the conjoined tendon or FCL, a larger avulsion fragment and more diffuse proximal fibular edema were seen. Radiographic and MR imaging findings in injuries of the posterolateral corner of the knee may suggest injury to specific structures inserting in the fibular head.
Ingredients in sustainably managing water in semi-arid environments

Abstract The lessons learned from CALFED indicate that ingredients important in the long-term resolution of water management issues may not result in short-term “solutions”. The value of this special issue lies in its identification of ingredients that stimulate re-framing of issues, adapting to new knowledge and innovative decisions. But sustainable water management also requires the political patience to sustain those processes as a means of perpetuating the long-term decision-making necessary to anticipate and/or respond to an ever-changing environment.
Pelvic lymph node dissection Guide to patient management in clinically locally confined adenocarcinoma of prostate

Abstract Pelvic lymphadenectomy has become a recognized staging procedure in patients with locally confined adenocarcinoma of the prostate prior to therapy for cure. Our study of 343 patients shows that the grade of the primary tumor does definitely affect the results of pelvic lymphadenectomy. As the grade worsens in each clinical stage, the incidence of positive nodes increases. The result of the pelvic lymphadenectomy often directs the selection of the therapy for the patient and definitely influences the results of that therapy.
PCR detection of pathogenic viruses in southern California urban rivers

S . C . J I A N G A N D W . C H U . 2004. Aims: To investigate human viral contamination in urban rivers and its impact on coastal waters of southern California, USA. Methods and Results: Three types of human viruses (adeno, entero and hepatitis A) were detected using nestedand RT-PCR from 11 rivers and creeks. Faecal indicator bacteria as well as somatic and F-specific coliphage were also tested. Approximately 50% of the sites were positive for human adenoviruses. However, there was no clear relationship between detection of human viruses and the concentration of indicator bacteria and coliphage. Both faecal indicator bacteria and human viral input at beaches near river mouths were associated with storm events. The first storm of the wet season seemed to have the greatest impact on the quality of coastal water than following storm events. Conclusions: This study provides the first direct evidence that human viruses are prevalent in southern California urban rivers. Urban run-off impacts coastal water quality most significantly during the storm season. Significance and Impact of the Study: To protect human health during water recreational activities, it is necessary to develop effective strategies to manage urban run-off during storm events.
Uridine phosphate labeling in relation to ribonucleic acid synthesis in early regenerating rat liver

Abstract 1. (1) After intravenous injection of orotic acid-6- 14 C, the labeling of uridine mono-, di-, and triphosphates was previously shown to be the same in livers of normal and 45-minute partially hepatectomized rats when the incorporation time was 2–4 minutes, but to differ by more than two-fold when the time was 16 minutes. 2. (2) The present study, aimed at explaining these findings, showed that (a) rats injected immediately after partial hepatectomy yielded values for 16-minute incorporation of orotic acid- 14 C almost identical to those from 45-minute hepatectomized animals, and (b) blood levels of orotic acid- 14 C were slightly higher at 2, 8, and 16 minutes after injection in the partially hepatectomized than in the normal animals. 3. (3) It was concluded that since the initial rates of incorporation of orotic acid- 14 C were similar, 45-minute regenerating liver did not differ appreciably from normal liver in rate of synthesis of UTP (nor, on the basis of earlier experiments in synthesis of other uridine phosphate compounds and possibly RNA). The continuing increase in uridine phosphate labeling in the partially hepatectomized rats when incorporation times were prolonged was attributable to a longer lasting supply of labeled precursor due to the reduced complement of liver cells in these animals. 4. (4) Hence an increase in labeling does not necessarily connote an increase in biosynthesis. Similar considerations may apply to other situations where large changes in cell population occur.
Standard versus bicaval techniques for orthotopic heart transplantation: An analysis of the United Network for Organ Sharing database

Objective Most studies of anastomotic technique have been underpowered to detect subtle differences in survival. We analyzed the United Network for Organ Sharing database for trends in use and outcomes after either bicaval or traditional (biatrial) anastomoses for heart implantation. Methods Review of United Network for Organ Sharing data identified 20,999 recipients of heart transplants from 1997 to 2007. Patients were stratified based on the technique of atrial anastomosis: standard biatrial (atrial group, n = 11,919, 59.3%), bicaval (caval group, n = 7661, 38.1%), or total orthotopic (total group, n = 519, 2.6%). Results The use of the bicaval anastomosis is increasing, but many transplantations continue to use a biatrial anastomosis (1997, 0.2% vs 97.6%; 2007, 62.0% vs 34.7%; P Conclusions Heart transplantations performed with bicaval anastomoses require postoperative permanent pacemaker implantation at lower frequency and have a small but significant survival advantage compared with biatrial anastomoses. We recommend that except where technical considerations require a biatrial technique, bicaval anastomoses should be performed for heart transplantation.
Explaining buyers' responses to sellers' violation of trust

Purpose – This study seeks to explain a buyer's response to a seller's violation of trust. Four negative responses (decline in trust, negative emotions, negative word‐of‐mouth (WOM) and reduction in repurchase intentions) and four explanatory variables (magnitude of violation, integrity versus capability‐based cause of failure, perceived likelihood of repeated violations and stage of trust prior to the violation) were identified. The study develops and tests hypotheses regarding the possible influence of the explanatory variables on each of the four negative responses.Design/methodology/approach – An experiment was conducted in which business professionals were given one of 16 scenarios, varied by levels of the four explanatory variables, describing a violation of trust in a business‐to‐business service situation. Respondents were asked questions regarding their probable response. Four‐way ANCOVA was used to analyze the results.Findings – The study finds that stage of trust and perceived likelihood of rep...
Effects of autoionizing states on two-photon double ionization of the H2 molecule

Treating the effects of autoionizing intermediate states on two-photon double ionization (DI) of the H2 molecule using time-dependent laser pulses is a significant computational challenge. Relatively long exposure times are critical to understanding the dynamics. Using the fixed-nuclei approximation, we demonstrate how the doubly excited states enhance the angle-integrated generalized cross sections in H2, and how they affect the angular distribution pattern of the ejected electrons. As the energy approaches the threshold for sequential DI, there is a sharp rise in the cross section due to virtual sequential ionization.
Ion-induced conformational changes in Kemp's triacid

Abstract NMR and MACROMODEL/molecular dynamics calculations show that Mg ++ can convert Kemp's triacid (trianionic form) from a chair into a half-chair conformation.
Effects of acute exposure to hyperbaric oxygen on the rheology and morphology of the red blood cells in the rat

Abstract The effects of acute exposure to hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) on the rheology and morphology of red blood cells (RBC) were studied in three groups of Sprague-Dawley rats: a control (CON) group comprised rats not exposed to HBO, a second group was exposed to HBO at 2.8 atm for 6 hr and studied immediately after the exposure (HBO), and a third group was examined after being allowed to recover in room air for 24 hr after exposure to HBO (REC). RBC deformability was assessed by two different techniques, the ektacytometer and the micropore filters. While the ektacytometer did not detect a significant difference among the three groups, the filtration method showed that acute exposure to HBO causes a significant increase in the filtration index (FI), denoting a significant reduction in RBC deformability. However, this reduction returned to the control Level after 24 hr of recovery in air (FI, 7.1 ± 1.2 in CON and 9.5 ± 2.6 in REC compared to 36.2 ± 3.7 in HBO, P
29.2 A 235mW CT 0-3 MASH ADC achieving −167dBFS/Hz NSD with 53MHz BW

The trend for ADCs in wireless communication infrastructure is increased bandwidth with little or no relaxation in noise density or power consumption. The historical expectation of system designers is a noise spectral density (NSD) of -157dBFS/Hz with a power consumption of 0.5W. This expectation is a difficult one to meet with existing ADC architectures when the system bandwidth is 100MHz as demanded by standards such as LTE-A. The 0-3 continuous-time (CT) MASH [1-2] ADC described in this paper allows a direct-conversion receiver with the requisite bandwidth to be constructed, with 10dB lower noise than established benchmarks.
Synovial Sarcoma with Extensive Osteoid and Bone Formation

Four cases of synovial sarcoma with extensive calcification and osteoid and bone formation are reported. Ages ranged from 21 to 38 years. Two tumors were located in the foot and two in the thigh. Because of a well-circumscribed, densely calcified soft tissue mass, radiologically three patients were thought to have a benign lesion. The fourth patient was thought to have a paraosteal osteosarcoma because of an accompanying bone defect. Tumor size varied from 4.0 to 9.0 cm. Histologically, three tumors were biphasic and one predominantly monophasic. All showed amorphous calcifications with extensive ossification sometimes in a ribbon-like pattern of osteoid, simulating osteosarcoma. The extensive bone formation with abundant osteoid deposition may lead to a misdiagnosis of osteosarcoma. It is important to recognize this variant of synovial sarcoma with ossification and bone formation and distinguish it from extraskeletal osteosarcoma because of the difference in clinical behavior and course. Although the most important point in the recognition of this variant of synovial sarcoma is its biphasic pattern, this may not be apparent in a small tissue sample. Points that aid in the diagnosis include the uniform nuclear appearance of both the epithelial and the spindle cells versus the pleomorphism of osteosarcoma and in some cases the presence of amorphous concretions in sheets and small calcospherites within spaces surrounded by flat or conspicuous epithelial cells. These cells are immunoreactive for cytokeratin and epithelial membrane antigen.
Electron−nuclear double resonance spectroscopy of 15N-enriched phthalate dioxygenase from Pseudomonas cepacia proves that two histidines are coordinated to the [2Fe-2S] Rieske-type clusters

We have performed ENDOR spectroscopy at microwave frequencies of 9 and 35 GHz at 2 K on the reduced Rieske-type (2Fe-2S) cluster of phthalate dioxygenase (PDO) from Pseudomonas cepacia. Four samples have been examined: (1) 14N (natural abundance); (2) uniformly 15N labeled; (3) (15N)histidine in a 14N background; (4) (14N)histidine in a 15N background. These studies establish unambiguously that two of the ligands to the Rieske (2Fe-2S) center are nitrogens from histidine residues. This contrasts with classical ferredoxin-type (2Fe-2S) centers in which all ligation is by sulfur of cysteine residues. Analysis of the polycrystalline ENDOR patterns has permitted us to determine for each nitrogen ligand the principal values of the hyperfine tensor and its orientation with respect to the g tensor, as well as the 14N quadrupole coupling tensor. The combination of these results with earlier Moessbauer and resonance Raman studies supports a model for the reduced cluster with both histidyl ligands bound to the ferrous ion of the spin-coupled (Fe2+ (S = 2), Fe3+ (S = 5/2)) pair. The analyses of 15N hyperfine and 14N quadrupole coupling tensors indicate that the geometry of ligation at Fe2+ is approximately tetrahedral, with the (Fe)2(N)2 plane corresponding to the g1-g3 plane, andmore » that the planes of the histidyl imidazoles lie near that plane, although they could not both lie in the plane. The bonding parameters of the coordinated nitrogens are fully consistent with those of an spn hybrid on a histidyl nitrogen coordinated to Fe. Differences in 14N ENDOR line width provide evidence for different mobilities of the two imidazoles when the protein is in fluid solution. We conclude that the structure deduced here for the PDO cluster is generally applicable to the full class of Rieske-type centers.« less
MeV ion beam induced change in the linear optical properties of MgO

Abstract Ion beam bombardment causes damage to the crystalline structure of MgO which is observed by absorption photospectrometry by an increase in the optical absorption. Meanwhile, the implantation of metal ions into any photorefractive materials followed by thermal annealing leads to an increase in optical absorption for a narrow band of wavelengths. We have implanted MeV metal ions into MgO (100), changing its optical properties. These observed changes were accomplished by ion implantation followed by high temperature annealing. The size of the clusters was identified using absorption photospectrometry as well as using TEM. Using the Mie theory, we were able to confirm the formation of the nanoclusters “quantum dots” even before the TEM measurements. We show that these nanoclusters change important optical properties of MgO.
Institutional Integrity in Roman Catholic Health Care Institutions

Issues of institutional identity and integrity in Roman Catholic health care institutions have been addressed at the level of individual institutions as well as by organizations of Catholic health care providers and at various levels in the Church hierarchy. The papers by Carol Taylor, C.S.F.N., Thomas Shannon, Kevin O'Rourke, O.P., Gerard Magill in this volume provide a significant contribution to concerns of Roman Catholic health care institutions as they face the challenges of providing health care in a secular, pluralistic, market-driven economy. One way to understand institutional integrity is as a measure of the coherence between what an institution identifies as its commitments (its stated moral character), what an institution does (its manifest moral character) and an institution's fundamental moral commitments (its deep moral character). The essays in this volume support this model of integrity. Although it is not their explicit focus, the four essays together provide a vision of institutional integrity for Catholic health care institutions. Each author focuses on one of the three central aspects of integrity: what one identifies as one's commitments (Taylor), how one's actions reflect one's values (Shannon and Magill), and what one is or what one values at a deep level (O'Rourke). I will offer a brief overview of the ways in which the integrity of Catholic health care institutions has been addressed. Then I will consider the four essays and show how each offers an analysis of one of the three critical elements of integrity.
Far ultra-violet photolysis of ammonia quantum yield determination for the primary process: NH3 (ND3) + hv → NH (ND) + H2 (D2)

Abstract The gas phase photolysis of NH3-C2D4 and ND3-C2H4 mixtures has been investigated at 147 nm (8.4 eV), 123.6 nm (10 eV) and 104.8-106.7 nm (11.6-11.8 eV). The quantum yield of D2 in the irradiation of ND3-C2H4 mixtures is independent of the concentration of C2H4 and of the pressure of ND3 (10 to 180 Torr). It is concluded that in these mixtures D2 is entirely formed by molecular elemination from excited ND3. The quantum yields of such a process are as follows at these energies: 147 nm, 0.032 ± 0.005; 123.6 nm, 0.244 ± 0.01; and 104.8-106.7 nm, 0.306 ± 0.007 (M/Nex = 0.52 ± 0.02). Although the NH3-C2D4 photolysis data exhibit less reliability, it can be concluded that the quantum yield of molecular H2 at 147 nm is twice that of melecular D2. Isotope effects are much less pronounced at higher photon energies. At 147 and 123.6 nm, D2 is eliminated via primary process: and/or: On the basis of the spectroscopic observation of Okabe and Lenzi it can be concluded that at 104.8-106.7 nm the primary process: must also contribute significantly to the formation of molecular hydrogen. It is suggested that the ND3+ ions which are formed at these energies do not contribute to the formation of molecular D2, but that the occurence of an overall process: cannot be ruled out. The extinction coefficients of NH3 and ND3, at the rare gas lines have been redetermined and were found to differ significantly from those derived from published absorption curves.