cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Lyophilized plasma for resuscitation in a swine model of severe injury.

Hypothesis Lyophilized plasma (LP) is as safe and effective as fresh frozen plasma (FFP) for resuscitation after severe trauma. Design Multicenter animal study. Setting Animal laboratories, 2 level I trauma centers. Participants Thirty-two Yorkshire crossbred swine. Interventions Lyophilized plasma was analyzed for factor levels and clotting activity before lyophilization and after reconstitution. Swine were subjected to complex multiple trauma including extremity fracture, hemorrhage, severe liver injury, acidosis, and hypothermia. They were then resuscitated with FFP, LP, FFP and packed red blood cells (PRBCs) in a ratio of 1:1, or 1:1 LP and PRBCs. Main Outcome Measures Residual clotting activity of LP after reconstitution, swine mortality, hemodynamic measures, total blood loss, coagulation profiles, and inflammatory measures. Results Lyophilization decreased clotting factor activity by an average of 14%. Survival and heart rate were similar between all groups. Swine resuscitated with LP had equivalent or higher mean arterial pressures. Swine treated with LP had similar coagulation profiles, plasma lactate levels, and postinjury blood loss compared with those treated with FFP. Swine treated with 1:1 FFP-PRBCs were similar to those treated with 1:1 LP-PRBCs. Resuscitation with LP resulted in a reduction in postresuscitation interleukin 6 expression compared with resuscitation with FFP. Conclusions The process of lyophilization and reconstitution of plasma reduces coagulation factor activity by 14%, without acute differences in blood loss. Lyophilized plasma can be used for resuscitation in a severe multiple trauma and hemorrhagic shock swine model with efficacy equal to that of FFP and with decreased interleukin 6 production.
Plagiorchis taiwanensis (Digenea: Plagiorchiidae), Kurilonema markovi (Nematoda: Rhabdiasidae) and other helminths in Eumeces latiscutatus (scincidae) and Takydromus tachydromoides (Lacertidae) from Japan

Abstract Helminths from Eumeces latiscutatus (n = 17) and Takydromus tachydromoides (n = 34) from Japan are reported. Two species of Nematoda, Kurilonema markovi and Meteterakis japonica, and 1 taxon of Acanthocephala, cystacanths of Centrorhynchus sp., were found in E. latiscutatus; 1 species of Digenea, Plagiorchis taiwanensis, and 2 species of Nematoda, K. markovi and Oswaldocruzia filiformis, were found in T. tachydromoides. Oswaldocruzia yezoensis is proposed as a synonym of Oswaldocruzia filiformis. Takydromus tachydromoides represents a new host record for P. taiwanensis and Japan is a new locality record.
Trends in hepatic tumours and hydropic vacuolation, fin erosion, organic chemicals and stable isotope ratios in winter flounder from Massachusetts, USA

Liver lesions including neoplasia and hydropic vacuolation have been described in winter flounder (Pleuronectes americanus) from sites in Boston Harbor, and were highly prevalent near the Deer Island sewage outfall. A marked decline in prevalence of neoplasia has been seen over the period 1987 to 1993 in fish from near the Deer Island outfall. This decline in disease in Deer Island fish correlated with and probably resulted from reported reduced chemical input over that time. Stable isotope ratios suggest that Deer Island winter flounder, in contrast to fish from elsewhere, fed significantly on sewage sludge-derived organic matter prior to 1992 and that their along-shore movement is slight. Between 1991 and 1993 hydropic vacuolation remained much more prevalent in flounder taken near Deer Island and another sewage outfall, than at sites distant (≤45 miles) from the outfalls. Hydropic vacuolation prevalence correlated closely with content of chlorinated hydrocarbon residues in the liver, and in particular with DDT/DDD/DDE. This suggests that between 1991 and 1993 there was a persistent chemical-associated difference in fish from the planned and current outfall sites, and that monitoring of winter flounder will provide necessary assessment of altered chemical carcinogenesis risk during and after the switch to the offshore outfall planned for 1998.
Message-passing for base-calling in sequencing-by-synthesis systems

Performance of DNA sequencing-by-synthesis systems is fundamentally limited by the stochastic nature of the underlying biochemical process. We develop a novel graphical representation of sequencing-by-synthesis which allows for computationally efficient base-calling via message-passing algorithms. Computational studies indicate that the proposed message-passing technique outperforms existing base-calling methods.
Atomistics of Fracture, A Conference Summary

Without doubt, some of the most challenging and still unsolved problems in fracture today are of the environmentally affected variety. Thus, when the opportunity presented itself to me to give the summary lecture of this conference probing the atomistic aspects of environmentally affected fracture and attended by a handpicked collection of luminaries of impressive interdisciplinary dimensions, I accepted the task without hesitation — on the hope that I would be forced to listen carefully to all the presentations and educate myself in this field.
A fast simulation framework for full-chip thermo-mechanical stress and reliability analysis of through-silicon-via based 3D ICs

In this work, we propose an efficient and accurate full-chip thermo-mechanical stress and reliability analysis framework. To the best of our knowledge this is the first such system which enables full-chip stress simulation as compared to existing commercial Finite Element Analysis (FEA) tools which can only simulate very small cross-sections at a time. Our approach is based on the linear superposition principle of stress tensors and the assumption that the stress field around a cylindrical TSV structure is symmetrically distributed. We compare the accuracy and run time of our simulation tool against the commercial FEA tool based on the number of TSVs under consideration. Our experimental results include stress maps produced by varying several parameters such as TSV liner material, size of the TSV landing pads and TSV dimensions. Finally, we also demonstrate our experimental results by simulating a full chip layout and varying the above parameters as well as by varying the chip operating temperature distribution.
Exploring the benefits and uses of web analytics tools for non-transactional websites

Website owners use web analytics tools to better understand their visitors for a range of purposes. However, there is limited understanding of how owners of non-transactional websites use and benefit from web analytics. Through semi-structured interviews (n=18) with non-transactional web analytics users we explore these uses and benefits. Participants tend to use web analytics to improve site design, by optimizing site structure, content, or technical specifications. However, participants also use web analytics to understand their audiences without a directed purpose, often for curiosity or entertainment. The design of web analytics tools should account for this full range of functionality.
A linked separable–ADAPT VPA assessment model for western horse mackerel (Trachurus trachurus), accounting for realized fecundity as a function of fish weight

The western horse mackerel stock covers a large area of the Northeast Atlantic and is characterized by the sporadic occurrence of strong year classes. The only fishery-independent data available for its assessments are the estimates of total annual egg production from triennial egg surveys. Horse mackerel are indeterminate spawners, so a direct conversion of total annual egg production to spawning-stock biomass using prespawning-season estimates of fecundity is not viable. There is also evidence that potential fecundity per kg spawning female increases with fish weight. A linked separable– ADAPT VPA (SAD) model was developed that combines data on total catch, catch-at-age, and total annual egg production with data on potential and realized fecundity to provide population estimates for western horse mackerel. The model accounts for potential fecundity as a function of fish weight and for the development of a targeted fishery on the strong 1982 year class. Simulations confirm that the SAD model is able to reproduce population estimates without bias under a range of scenarios, except where there is a trend in realized fecundity. This underscores the need for improved information on realized fecundity, or alternatively the need to develop management plans that are robust to this source of uncertainty.
Collagenase-solubilized lipoprotein-glycosaminoglycan complexes of human aortic fibrous plaque lesions

Abstract The interaction of lipoproteins and arterial connective tissue macromolecules was studied using human atherosclerotic plaque tissues. After extraction with 0.15 M NaCl, the tissues were repeatedly digested with collagenase followed by elastase. The collagenase-solubilzed lipoprotein—GAG complexes were isolated by gel-filtration and ultracentrifugation and analyzed for lipids, GAG and protein. While extraction by 0.15 M NaCl released only about 13% of the total cholesterol from the tissues, subsequent digestions by collagenase and elastase yielded 60% and 17% cholesterol, respectively. Both 0.15 M NaCl and collagenase treatment released equal amounts of GAG and accounted for 84% of the total GAG. Immunologically, lipoproteins resembled serum apoB-containing lipoproteins. Bio-Gel A-50m column chromatography of collagenase-extracted materials gave a single peak which contained lipoproteins of 1.006 and 1.063 floating densities, GAG and hydroxyproline. Hyaluronic acid (HA) and chondroitin 6-sulfate were identified; HA was the major GAG. Although the precise nature of the interaction of arterial connective tissue components with lipoproteins is not completely understood, isolation of such complexes indicates the importance of these macromolecules in sequestration of lipoproteins.
Resampling or Reweighting: A Comparison of Boosting Implementations

Boosting has been shown to improve the performance of classifiers in many situations, including when data is imbalanced. There are, however, two possible implementations of boosting, and it is unclear which should be used. Boosting by reweighting is typically used, but can only be applied to base learners which are designed to handle example weights. On the other hand, boosting by resampling can be applied to any base learner. In this work, we empirically evaluate the differences between these two boosting implementations using imbalanced training data. Using 10 boosting algorithms, 4 learners and 15 datasets, we find that boosting by resampling performs as well as, or significantly better than, boosting by reweighting (which is often the default boosting implementation). We therefore conclude that in general, boosting by resampling is preferred over boosting by weighting.
Characterization of a Maize Chromosome 4 Centromeric Sequence: Evidence for an Evolutionary Relationship With the B Chromosome Centromere

Previous work has identified sequences specific to the B chromosome that are a major component of the B centromere. To address the issue of the origin of the B and the evolution of centromere-localized sequences, DNA prepared from plants without B chromosomes was probed to seek evidence for related sequences. Clones were isolated from maize line B73 without B chromosomes by screening DNA at reduced stringency with a B centromeric probe. These clones were localized to maize centromere 4 using fluorescence in situ hybridization. They showed homology to a maize centromere-mapped sequence, to maize B chromosome centromere sequences, and to a portion of the unit repeat of knobs, which act as neocentromeres in maize. A representative copy was used to screen a BAC library to obtain these sequences in a larger context. Each of the six positive BACs obtained was analyzed to determine the nature of centromere 4-specific sequences present. Fifteen subclones of one BAC were sequenced and the organization of this chromosome 4-specific repeat was examined.
Guanine repeat-containing sequences confer transcription-dependent instability in an orientation-specific manner in yeast

Non-B DNA structures are a major contributor to the genomic instability associated with repetitive sequences. Immunoglobulin switch Mu (Sμ) region sequence is comprised of guanine-rich repeats and has high potential for forming G4 DNA, in which one strand of DNA folds into an array of guanine quartets. Taking advantage of the genetic tractability of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we developed a recombination assay to investigate mechanisms involved in maintaining stability of G-rich repetitive sequence. By embedding Sμ sequence within recombination substrates under the control of a tetracycline-regulatable promoter, we demonstrate that the rate and orientation of transcription both affect the stability of Sμ sequence. In particular, the greatest instability was observed under high-transcription conditions when the Sμ sequence was oriented with the C-rich strand as the transcription template. The effect of transcription orientation was enhanced in the absence of the Type IB topoisomerase Top1, possibly due to enhanced R-loop formation. Loss of Sgs1 helicase and RNase H activity also increased instability, suggesting they may cooperatively function to reduce the formation of non-B DNA structures in highly transcribed regions. Finally, the Sμ sequence was unstable when transcription elongation was perturbed due to a defective THO complex. In a THO-deficient background, there was further exacerbation of orientation-dependent instability associated with the ectopically expressed, single-strand cytosine deaminase AID. The implications of our findings to understanding instability associated with potential G4 DNA forming sequences are discussed.
Modeling electromagnetic propagation in the Earth-ionosphere waveguide

The ionosphere plays a role in radio propagation that varies strongly with frequency. At extremely low frequency (ELF: 3-3000 Hz) and very low frequency (VLF: 3-30 kHz), the ground and the ionosphere are good electrical conductors and form a spherical Earth-ionosphere waveguide. Many giants of the electromagnetics (EMs) community studied ELF-VLF propagation in the Earth-ionosphere waveguide, a topic which was critically important for long-range communication and navigation systems. James R. Wait was undoubtedly the most prolific publisher in this field, starting in the 1950s and continuing well into the 1990s. Although it is an old problem, there are new scientific and practical applications that rely on accurate modeling of ELF-VLF propagation, including ionospheric remote sensing, lightning remote sensing, global climate monitoring, and even earthquake precursor detection. The theory of ELF-VLP propagation in the Earth-ionosphere waveguide is mature, but there remain many ways of actually performing propagation calculations. Most techniques are based on waveguide mode theory with either numerical or approximate analytical formulations, but direct finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) modeling is now also feasible. Furthermore, in either mode theory or FDTD, the ionospheric upper boundary can be treated with varying degrees of approximation. While these approximations are understood in a qualitative sense, it is difficult to assess in advance their applicability to a given propagation problem. With a series of mode theory and FDTD simulations of propagation from lightning radiation in the Earth-ionosphere waveguide, we investigate the accuracy of these approximations. We also show that fields from post-discharge ionospheric currents and from evanescent modes become important at lower ELF (/spl lsim/500 Hz) over short distances (/spl lsim/500 km). These fields are not easily modeled with mode theory, but are inherent in the FDTD formulation of the problem. In this way, the FDTD solution bridges the gap between analytical solutions for fields close to and far from the source.
A geographical routing protocol for highly-dynamic aeronautical networks

Emerging networked systems require domain-specific routing protocols to cope with the challenges faced by the aeronautical environment. We present a geographic routing protocol AeroRP for multihop routing in highly dynamic MANETs. The AeroRP algorithm uses velocity-based heuristics to deliver the packets to destinations in a multi-Mach speed environment. Furthermore, we present the decision metrics used to forward the packets by the various AeroRP operational modes. The analysis of the ns-3 simulations shows AeroRP has several advantages over other MANET routing protocols in terms of PDR, accuracy, delay, and overhead. Moreover, AeroRP offers performance tradeoffs in the form of different AeroRP modes.
The Failure of Private Regulation Elite Control and Market Crises in the Manhattan Banking Industry

In this paper, we develop an account of the failure of private market-governance institutions to maintain market order by highlighting how control of their distributional function by powerful elite...
Creation of a two-dimensional electron gas at an oxide interface on silicon

The integration of oxide nanoelectronics with silicon platforms is a necessary step for the fabrication of ultrahigh-density devices. Here, the authors grow a LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interface directly on silicon, and show the reversible creation of a two-dimensional electron gas confined within nanowires located on the surface.
Improving software quality prediction by noise filtering techniques

Accuracy of machine learners is affected by quality of the data the learners are induced on. In this paper, quality of the training dataset is improved by removing instances detected as noisy by the Partitioning Filter. The fit dataset is first split into subsets, and different base learners are induced on each of these splits. The predictions are combined in such a way that an instance is identified as noisy if it is misclassified by a certain number of base learners. Two versions of the Partitioning Filter are used: Multiple-Partitioning Filter and Iterative-Partitioning Filter. The number of instances removed by the filters is tuned by the voting scheme of the filter and the number of iterations. The primary aim of this study is to compare the predictive performances of the final models built on the filtered and the un-filtered training datasets. A case study of software measurement data of a high assurance software project is performed. It is shown that predictive performances of models built on the filtered fit datasets and evaluated on a noisy test dataset are generally better than those built on the noisy (un-filtered) fit dataset. However, predictive performance based on certain aggressive filters is affected by presence of noise in the evaluation dataset.
Rabex-5 Is a Rab22 Effector and Mediates a Rab22-Rab5 Signaling Cascade in Endocytosis

Rabex-5 targets to early endosomes and functions as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Rab5. Membrane targeting is critical for Rabex-5 to activate Rab5 on early endosomes in the cell. Here, ...
The effect of thermo-mechanical treatment on the high temperature tensile behavior of an alumina-forming austenitic steel

Abstract Two different thermo-mechanical treatments (TMT) were performed on an alumina-forming austenitic (AFA) stainless steel, DAFA 29, which was recently developed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory for application in advanced ultra supercritical power plants. The resulting fine-grained TMT materials showed yield stresses more than double the yield stress of the as-received material at room temperature and more than 50% higher at 600 oC, but lower yield stresses (but greater elongations) at 700 oC and above. Strain rate jump tests performed at both 600 oC and 700 oC showed that the TMT materials have greater strain rate sensitivity and lower activation volumes at both temperatures. The strain rate has a power law relationship with the flow stress with a stress exponent of ~5. The as-received AFA alloy showed serrated stress–strain curves at 600 oC suggesting the occurrence of dynamic strain aging.
Stretch-mediated visceral smooth muscle growth in vitro

An in vitro model of smooth muscle stretch was developed to study mechanical stimulus as a possible mediator of visceral smooth muscle growth and differences in the growth response of smooth muscle from young and old animals. De novo DNA synthesis as measured by the aphidicolin-sensitive specific activity of DNA was used as an index of cell growth. Compared with old tissue, the rate of aphidicolin-sensitive DNA synthesis in smooth muscle from young animals was 3-5 and 1.5-2 times greater in bladder and taenia coli, respectively. Stretch of bladder muscle and taenia coli strips from young animals for 6 h increased the aphidicolin-sensitive specific activity of DNA 3-fold (P less than 0.01) and 1.5-fold (P less than 0.01), respectively. Tissue from old animals, however, under the same conditions increased the rate of aphidicolin-resistant DNA synthesis, possibly implying DNA repair. Autoradiography showed only labeled myocyte nuclei. These results indicate that homeostatic mechanisms modulating myocyte growth in visceral smooth muscle can respond to mechanical stimulus in the absence of other trophic factors.
Mind the Gap: Improving Gender Equity in Game-Based Learning Environments with Learning Companions

Game-based learning environments hold great promise for engaging learners. Yet game mechanics can initially pose barriers for students with less prior gaming experience. This paper examines game-based learning for a population of middle school learners in the US, where female students tend to have less gaming experience than male students. In a pilot study with an early version of Engage, a game-based learning environment for middle school computer science education, female students reported higher initial frustration. To address this critical issue, we developed a prototype learning companion designed specifically to reduce frustration through the telling of autobiographical stories. In a pilot study of two 7th grade classrooms, female students responded especially positively to the learning companion, eliminating the gender gap in reported frustration. The results suggest that introducing learning companions can directly contribute to making the benefits of game-based learning equitable for all learners.
Evaluation of three commercial enzyme immunoassays for toxoplasma and cytomegalovirus antibodies.

Three commercially available enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) were evaluated for specificity and sensitivity compared to inimunofluorescent assays (IFAs) for defection of IgG and IgM antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii (Toxo) and Cytomegalovirus (CMV). A panel of 78 sera were tested, including specimens known to contain Toxo IgG or IgM, CMV IgM or IgM, antinuclear antibodies (ANA), antimitochondrial antibodies (AMA), and rheumatoid factor (RF). Linear correlation analysis comparing EIA and IFA results showed that the statistical relationship between the two assay methods was relatively weak (correlation coefficients ranging from 0.33 to 0.86). Qualitative correlation showed that the EIA methods agreed with IFA results in most cases. One manufacturer's products (Diamedix Corp.) gave consistently better sensitivity, specificity, and intra-assay reproducibility values than the other two systems (Clinical Sciences, Inc., and Whittaker Bioproducts). ANA, AMA, and RF did not appear to interfere with any EIAs.
An Unconventional Rapid Synthesis of High Performance Metal–Organic Framework Membranes

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are attractive for gas separation membrane applications due to their microporous channels with tunable pore shape, size, and functionality. Conventional MOF membrane fabrication techniques, namely in situ and secondary growth, pose challenges for their wider commercial applications. These challenges include reproducility, scalability, and high manufacturing cost. Recognizing that the coordination chemistry of MOFs is fundamentally different from the covalent chemistry of zeolites, we developed a radically different strategy for MOF membrane synthesis. Using this new technique, we were able to produce continuous well-intergrown membranes of prototypical MOFs, HKUST-1 and ZIF-8, in a relatively short period of time (tens of min). With a minimal consumption of precursors and a greatly simplified synthesis protocol, our new technique provides potential for a continuous, scalable, reproducible, and easily commercializable route for the rapid synthesis of MOF membranes. RTD-prepa...
Inhibition of human cytomegalovirus in vitro by double-stranded polyribocytidylic-inosinic acid (poly Ir.Cr).

SummaryPoly Ir-Cr, a synthetic double-stranded RNA which is a potent interferon inducer, produces marked plaque reduction of human cytomegalovirus in human fibroblasts. The material is active in human fibroblasts which are sensitive to the antiviral action of interferon (AH-1 cells) while it is not active in human fibroblasts which are relatively resistant to interferon (WI-38).
Further studies on effect of folic acid analogs on growth of Tetrahymena.

Summary1. The growth of Tetrahymena pyrijormis, which was produced when amino-pterin was added to a folic-acid deficient medium, was due to the presence of folic acid in the aminopterin. 2. A similar contamination may explain the replacement effects of pter-oyl-D-glutamic acid and 4-dimethylamino-pteroylglutamic acid. 3. Folic acid is spared by a number of folic acid analogs in which the glutamic acid is replaced by other amino acids. 4. These compounds cannot serve as sources of amino acids. 5. Of several 3′, 5′-dichloro-substituted folic acid analogs, the most inhibitory is 3′, 5′-dichloro-N10-methylpteroylglu-tamic acid. 6. It is suggested that this compound may also be effective in inhibiting aminopterin-resistant cells.
Reverse Water–Gas Shift on Interfacial Sites Formed by Deposition of Oxidized Molybdenum Moieties onto Gold Nanoparticles

We show that MoOx-promoted Au/SiO2 catalysts are active for reverse water–gas shift (RWGS) at 573 K. Results from reactivity measurements, CO FTIR studies, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) indicate that the deposition of Mo onto Au nanoparticles occurs preferentially on under-coordinated Au sites, forming Au/MoOx interfacial sites active for reverse water–gas shift (RWGS). Au and AuMo sites are quantified from FTIR spectra of adsorbed CO collected at subambient temperatures (e.g., 150–270 K). Bands at 2111 and 2122 cm–1 are attributed to CO adsorbed on under-coordinated Au0 and Auδ+ species, respectively. Clausius–Clapeyron analysis of FTIR data yields a heat of CO adsorption (ΔHads) of −31 kJ mol–1 for Au0 and −64 kJ mol–1 for Auδ+ at 33% surface coverage. Correlations of RWGS reactivity with changes in FTIR spectra for samples containing different amounts of Mo indicate that interfacial sites are an order of magnitude more active than Au sites for RWGS. Raman spectra of Mo/SiO...
Upper Eyelid Blepharoplasty

Upper eyelid blepharoplasty has become more conservative, where there is less excision and more emphasis on repositioning and restoring orbital anatomy and volume. Thorough periorbital preoperative evaluation is necessary to determine the appropriate blepharoplasty procedure with or without the need for a brow lifting procedure. Conservative approaches that reduce the risk of complications such as lagophthamous should always be considered. Periorbital skin quality improvement and reduction of rhytids may require skin tightening or resurfacing procedures in addition to blepharoplasty as adjunctive therapy. Ancillary procedures such as neurotoxin or dermal filler injections may be combined with blepharoplasty techniques to provide more complete rejuvenation and a higher degree of patient satisfaction.
A Political Approach to Explaining Variation in Capitalist Systems

This chapter provides a comprehensive review of the relevant literature in the varieties of capitalism debate. The chapter begins with a discussion of neocorporatist theories of capitalism and the limitations of the neocorporatist approach. I then discuss the rise of neoliberalism in the 1980s, and the subsequent convergence and divergence theories of the 1990s. The review ends with the rise of the varieties of capitalism framework and the ways by which an emphasis on the firm has shaped recent conceptions of capitalism variation. Lastly, I review and critically analyze the emerging research program attempting to create a more systematic understanding of the role politics and political institutions on capitalist divergence.
Folate receptor 1 is necessary for neural plate cell apical constriction during Xenopus neural tube formation

Folate supplementation prevents up to 70% of neural tube defects (NTDs), which result from a failure of neural tube closure during embryogenesis. The elucidation of the mechanisms underlying folate action has been challenging. This study introduces Xenopus laevis as a model to determine the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in folate action during neural tube formation. We show that knockdown of folate receptor 1 (Folr1; also known as FRα) impairs neural tube formation and leads to NTDs. Folr1 knockdown in neural plate cells only is necessary and sufficient to induce NTDs. Folr1-deficient neural plate cells fail to constrict, resulting in widening of the neural plate midline and defective neural tube closure. Pharmacological inhibition of folate action by methotrexate during neurulation induces NTDs by inhibiting folate interaction with its uptake systems. Our findings support a model in which the folate receptor interacts with cell adhesion molecules, thus regulating the apical cell membrane remodeling and cytoskeletal dynamics necessary for neural plate folding. Further studies in this organism could unveil novel cellular and molecular events mediated by folate and lead to new ways of preventing NTDs.
Abstract 164: Impact of Sex and Race on the Likelihood of Mortality, Cardiology Consultation, and Coronary Angiography Among Hospitalized Patients Evaluated With Cardiac Troponin

Introduction: Serum troponin (Tn) is a highly sensitive test useful in diagnosing acute myocardial infarction. Elevated Tn is associated with higher mortality and greater use of cardiovascular services. The effect of sex and race on these observations has not been well characterized. We hypothesize that sex and race will be independent predictors of cardiology consultation and cardiac catheterization. Methods: We analyzed adult patients hospitalized between 2012 and 2015 who had Tn testing. Patients were compared in 2 cohorts: those with and those without elevation in Tn. We extracted data on demographics, self-reported race, medical history, new inpatient diagnoses, Charlson comorbidity index (CCI), and mortality (up to 3 years). We developed a Cox proportional hazard model for mortality and used logistic regression to determine associations with cardiology consultation and cardiac catheterization. Results: Of the 26,663 included, 22.0% were black, 50.1% were women, 9.8% had diabetes, and 6.4% had pre-existing coronary disease. Cardiac catheterization was performed on 1,800 (6.8%), 3,672 (13.8%) had a cardiology consult, and 4,962 (18.6%) had elevated Tn. Among the variables associated with cardiology consultation were elevated Tn (odds ratio [OR] =3.44, 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.19-3.72, p 4 (OR=0.44, 95% CI 0.35-0.54, p 4 (HR=3.33, p Conclusion: As observed in other investigations, elevated Tn is associated with a higher risk of mortality, cardiac catheterization, and cardiology consultation. We observed that men were more likely to undergo catheterization and consultation, while black patients were less likely to have either. Further investigation into reasons for the observed disparities is warranted.
Femoral neck-shaft angle and climate-induced body proportions.

Objectives Declination in femoral neck-shaft angle (NSA) is commonly linked to an increased level of physical activity during life. More recently, however, research suggests that lower NSA might also be explained, in part, as the mechanical consequence of differences in ecogeographic body proportions. This study tests the proposed link between NSA and climatic-induced body proportions, using relative body mass (RBM), throughout the course of development. Materials and Methods NSA and RBM were collected for 445 immature remains from five geographic locations. NSA and RBM were standardized for age-effects. ANOVA was used to examine when population differences emerged in both NSA and RBM. Regression analyses were used to examine the pattern of relationship between NSA and RBM. Results Populations differ significantly in NSA and RBM before skeletal maturity, and these differences occur early in life. While both NSA and RBM change over the course of development, no significant relationship was found between NSA and RBM for any sample, or any age category (p = .244). Discussion Individuals who have relatively greater relative body mass do not necessarily have lower NSA. Population differences in NSA were found to be variable, while differences in RBM remained consistent across the developmental span. Taken together, these results suggest that regardless of body proportions, the degree of declination of NSA is presumed to be similar among individuals with similar gait and ambulatory behaviors. Conversely, populations differ in RBM from birth, and these differences are consistent throughout development. These two measures likely are responsive to diffing stimuli, and any potential relationship is likely complex and multifactorial.
The Big, Gig Picture: We Can't Assume the Same Constructs Matter

I am concerned about industrial and organizational (I-O) psychology's relevance to the gig economy, defined here as the broad trends toward technology-based platform work. This sort of work happens on apps like Uber (where the app connects drivers and riders) and sites like MTurk (where human intelligence tasks, or HITs, are advertised to workers on behalf of requesters). We carry on with I-O research and practice as if technology comprises only things (e.g., phones, websites, platforms) that we use to assess applicants and complete work. However, technology has much more radically restructured work as we know it, to happen in a much more piecemeal, on-demand fashion, reviving debates about worker classification and changing the reality of work for many workers (Sundararajan, 2016). Instead of studying technology as a thing we use, it's critical that we “zoom out” to see and adapt our field to this bigger picture of trends towards a gig economy. Rather than a phone being used to check work email or complete pre-hire assessments, technology and work are inseparable. For example, working on MTurk requires constant Internet access (Brawley, Pury, Switzer, & Saylors, 2017; Ma, Khansa, & Hou, 2016). Alarmingly, some researchers describe these workers as precarious (Spretizer, Cameron, & Garrett, 2017), dependent on an extremely flexible (a label that is perhaps euphemistic for unreliable) source of work. Although it's unlikely that all workers consider their “gig” a full time job or otherwise necessary income, at least some workers do: An estimated 10–40% of MTurk workers consider themselves serious gig workers (Brawley & Pury, 2016). Total numbers for the broader gig economy are only growing, with recent tax-based estimates including 34% of the US workforce now and up to 43% within 3 years (Gillespie, 2017). It appears we're seeing some trends in work reverse and return to piece work (e.g., a ride on Uber, a HIT on MTurk) as if we've simply digitized the assembly line (Davis, 2016). Over time, these trends could accelerate, and we could potentially see total elimination of work (Morrison, 2017).
Small GTPase Immunity-Associated Proteins Mediate Resistance to Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Lewis Rat.

ABSTRACT Rats vary in their susceptibilities to Toxoplasma gondii infection depending on the rat strain. Compared to the T. gondii-susceptible Brown Norway (BN) rat, the Lewis (LEW) rat is extremely resistant to T. gondii. Thus, these two rat strains are ideal models for elucidating host mechanisms that are important for host resistance to T. gondii infection. Therefore, in our efforts to unravel molecular factors directing the protective early innate immune response in the LEW rat, we performed RNA sequencing analysis of the LEW versus BN rat with or without T. gondii infection. We identified three candidate small GTPase immunity-associated proteins (GIMAPs) that were upregulated (false discovery rate, 0.05) in the LEW rat in response to T. gondii infection. Subsequently, we engineered T. gondii-susceptible NR8383 rat macrophage cells for overexpression of LEW rat-derived candidate GIMAP 4, 5, and 6. By immunofluorescence analysis we observed that GIMAP 4, 5, and 6 in T. gondii-infected NR8383 cells each colocalized with GRA5, a parasite parasitophorous vacuole membrane (PVM) marker protein, suggesting their translocation to the PVM. Interestingly, overexpression of each candidate GIMAP in T. gondii-infected NR8383 cells induced translocation of LAMP1, a lysosome marker protein, to the T. gondii surface membrane. Importantly, overexpression of GIMAP 4, 5, or 6 individually inhibited intracellular T. gondii growth, with GIMAP 4 having the highest inhibitory effect. Together, our findings indicate that upregulation of GIMAP 4, 5, and 6 contributes to the robust refractoriness of the LEW rat to T. gondii through induction of lysosomal fusion to the otherwise nonfusogenic PVM.
Quantification, Modality, and Semantic Ascent

Since Professor Vuillemin has studied several aspects of the thought of Bertrand Russell, it is perhaps appropriate here to juxtapose a program for metalinguistic interpretation of modality considered by Quine with a much more sweeping metalinguistic program earlier advocated by Russell.
Photoperiodic Flower Mimicking Metallic Nanoparticles for Image-Guided Medicine Applications.

Nanoradiosensitizers have been developed to enhance localization and precision of therapeutic radiation delivery. A specific volume of comprising surface atoms is known to be the radiosensitizing region. However, the shape-dependent local dose enhancement of nanoparticles is often underestimated and rarely reported. Here, a noble metal nanostructure, inspired by the photoperiodic day-flowers, was synthesized by metal reduction with bile acid molecules. The impact of high surface area of day-flower mimicking metallic nanoparticles (D-NP) on radiosensitizing effect was demonstrated with assays for ROS generation, cellular apoptosis, and clonogenic survival of human liver cancer cells (HepG2) cells. In comparison with lower-surface-area spherical night-flower mimicking metallic nanoparticles (N-NP), exposure of our D-NP to external beam radiation doses led to a significant increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and radiosensitizing cell cycle synchronization, resulting in an enhanced cancer-cel...
Bringing Systems Engineering and Security Together: A Systems Security Engineering Learning Path

This paper promotes a comprehensive, systems-oriented approach to security engineering for complex systems which ensures adequate integration of security engineering considerations throughout the entire system life cycle. First, key definitions and concepts are presented for those unfamiliar with the specialty domain of Systems Security Engineering (SSE). Next, a tailorable SSE curriculum is provided to further promote the institutionalization and standardization of SSE across a wide variety of stakeholders, security specialties, and engineering disciplines. The goal of the curriculum is for students to gain increased understanding of SSE roles, responsibilities, and concepts, as well as, gain familiarity with established SSE processes, activities, and tasks to more purposefully develop secure and resilient systems. Lastly, initial mappings to the National Initiative for Cybersecurity Education (NICE) workforce framework are provided.
Crying ‘Crying Wolf’: How Misfires and Mexican Engineering Expertise are Made Meaningful

On 28 July 2014, a smartphone app warned Mexicans of an earthquake that never came. Engineers took this misfire seriously, concerned that it might have a ‘cry wolf’ effect. They were concerned that...
Characterization of Drug-like Chemical Space for Cytotoxic Marine Metabolites Using Multivariate Methods.

In the last few decades, marine metabolites have been exploited to find commercially viable products in several areas. In this article, molecular descriptors [log P, mass, total polar surface area ...
(222) A Fully Implantable Wireless Optofluidic Nerve Cuff System for Tether-Free Optogenetic and Pharmacologic Manipulation of Peripheral Nerves

Optogenetic techniques offer tremendous potential to elucidate the physiological roles of the various subtypes of peripheral sensory neurons. The range of behaviors that can be studied using optogenetics has been limited due to the challenge of delivering light to opsin-expressing cells in freely behaving animals without perturbing normal behaviors. Recent advances in micro-scale light emitting diodes (μLEDs) and wireless powering technologies have allowed for the development of fully-wireless, implantable light-emitting devices to activate opsins in vivo. These devices provide an unprecedented opportunity to selectively manipulate the activity of distinct neuron populations in awake, behaving animals while removing experimental artifacts and confounds related to anesthesia and off-target pharmacological effects. Similar wireless devices have been effectively utilized in studies of brain and spinal cord neurons. Here, we present the design and implementation of a fully-wireless, soft nerve cuff device with integrated μLEDs and a microfluidic delivery system, for highly specific light delivery and local delivery of drugs to peripheral nerves. This integrated suite of technologies represents an advance over previous approaches in that it allows for tether-free targeted light delivery to a specific nerve bundle along with local drug delivery. This device utilizes near-field wireless communications to power independent time-locked delivery of up to four different pharmacologic agents as well as local light delivery at the nerve cuff interface. Importantly, the cuff is designed with soft bio-compliant materials and has minimal effect on overall nerve health or function even with chronic implantation. This opto-fluidic cuff will allow for future work discriminating the role of afferent populations in different aspects of nociception and sensory perception, using both optogenetics and local pharmacological approaches. This work is supported by NIBIB U18EB021793 to JA/RG, NINDS F31NS103472 to JGGR, NIDDK F32DK115122 to AM. and NIDA T32DA007261 to LM.
Retrieving Medical Literature for Clinical Decision Support

Keeping current given the vast volume of medical literature published yearly poses a serious challenge for medical professionals. Thus, interest in systems that aid physicians in making clinical decisions is intensifying. A task of Clinical Decision Support (CDS) systems is retrieving highly relevant medical literature that could help healthcare professionals in formulating diagnoses or determining treatments. This search task is atypical as the queries are medical case reports, which differs in terms of size and structure from queries in other, more common search tasks. We apply query reformulation techniques to address literature search based on case reports. The proposed system achieves a statistically significant improvement over the baseline (29% – 32%) and the state-of-the-art (12% – 59%).
Estimating stationary characteristic functions of stochastic systems via semidefinite programming

This paper proposes a methodology to estimate characteristic functions of stochastic differential equations that are defined over polynomials. For such systems, the time evolution of the characteristic function is governed by a partial differential equation; consequently, the stationary characteristic function can be obtained by solving an ordinary differential equation (ODE). However, except for a few special cases, the solution to the ODE consists of unknown coefficients. These coefficients are closely related with the stationary moments of the process, which could be estimated by utilizing the fact that the characteristic function is positive definite. The method is illustrated via examples.
ADRENAL INSUFFICIENCY SECONDARY TO BILATERAL ADRENAL HEMORRHAGE ASSOCIATED WITH ANTIPHOSPHOLIPID SYNDROME.

ABSTRACT Objective: Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) can involve multiple organ systems but endocrine manifestations are rare. In most cases adrenal insufficiency (AI) is the first endocrine manifes...
Decision Support Systems for Managing Innovation Through Project Selection in Public Sector R&D Environments

One of the primary components of innovation management in research and development (R&D) organizations is project selection. In public sector R&D environments, it is essential that improvements are made to the selection processes. These improvements should address the unique challenges faced by these organizations in order to increase the quality of the decisions that are made. Modern decision support systems (DSS) have the potential to meet these needs. The implementation of effective DSS backed by solid data management practices and driven by artificial intelligence technologies has the potential to enhance the management of public sector R&D innovation.
Librarians Across Institutions: Establishing Outreach Programs: A study of Effective Outreach Programs and Support Groups in Academic Libraries.

The data used for this study was collected from Librarians Across Institutions: Establishing Outreach Programs, a study to gather data from academic outreach librarians across the United States to find what factors contribute to effective outreach programs. Conversely, the study also collects data on factors that hinder outreach programs. This study examines support for the most effective and least effective outreach programs carried out by outreach librarians in five support areas: support from other librarians, support from staff, support from faculty, support from students, and support from volunteers. The results collected from the survey contains data from 75 outreach librarians across the United States in 2020.The analysis was completed using dependent sample (t-tests) using Stata software V.16.1. The target group was identified by the creation of a comprehensive list from LinkedIn profiles of academic librarians whose profiles contained outreach in their job title or had outreach experience listed on their profiles. The data shows there is a difference in support levels for library outreach programs of the most effective in contrast with the least effective programs. In the most effective programs’ category, (80%) of the respondents had librarian support and (60%) from the least effective programs had librarian support. The results also revealed that there were significant statistical differences in librarian, staff, and student support groups. In conclusion, results from the study suggest that outreach librarians are innovative and use communication and collaboration techniques to outsource support from librarians, staff, faculty, students, and volunteers to create effective outreach programs.
Use of a Multitheoretic Model to Understand and Classify Juvenile Computer Hacking Behavior

Criminological inquiry has identified a range of risk factors associated with juvenile delinquency. However, little research has assessed juvenile computer hacking, despite the substantial harm and...