cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Contribution of pulmonary versus systemic perfusion of airway smooth muscle.

Recent studies suggest a significant contribution of the pulmonary circulation to the perfusion of large airways. In this study we used anesthetized ventilated sheep (n = 19) to determine the functional contribution of the pulmonary circulation to airway smooth muscle. We performed sequential intravenous challenge with methacholine chloride (MCh; 0.25-2.5 mg/ml) to determine airway resistance (Raw) changes in the intact animal, after bronchial artery cannulation that essentially removed bronchial arterial delivery of MCh, and in an isolated lung preparation. After blocking the vagal reflex component of this response, we found that intravenous MCh in the intact preparation resulted in an average 2.2 +/- 0.5 cmH2O.l-1.s increase (181%) in Raw. After prevention of bronchial arterial delivery of MCh, Raw increased by 0.8 +/- 0.3 cmH2O.l-1.s (64%; P < 0.01 compared with intact preparation). In the isolated lung preparation, Raw increased by 0.6 +/- 0.2 cmH2O.l-1.s (63%; P < 0.01 compared with intact preparation). These results demonstrate that in sheep, the bronchial artery provides the major route for delivery of intravenously administered agonists to airway smooth muscle. Considering the large dilutional effect of an intravenously administered agonist by the time it reaches the bronchial artery, we conclude that the pulmonary component of agonist delivery to large airways is < 10% and unlikely to play a major physiological role.
Nutrition for a Healthy Pregnancy

Nutrition is a known, powerful determinant of perinatal health and one that is increasingly recognized to have further reaching effects than previously understood. It is well known that healthy nutrition during the peripartum period can prevent birth defects in the neonate. New research suggests that peripartum nutrition may also modulate the risk of chronic disease in later life. Proper nutrition and weight gain during pregnancy also have maternal benefits including lowered risks of pregnancy related disorders. Good peripartum nutrition is a potential tool to impact the rising prevalence of obesity and related health disorders. This article will review nutrition guidance in pregnancy including macro and micronutrient recommendations, newer recommendations for appropriate weight gain based upon body mass index categories, and avoidance of potentially harmful substances. Current topics will also be discussed including fetal origins of adult disease, pregnancy after weight loss surgery, environmental bispho...
Pesticides Affect Immature Stages of Diadegma insulare(Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) and Its Host, the Diamondback Moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)

Effects of pesticides on immature stages of Diadegma insulare (Cresson) and its host, the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.), were studied in the laboratory. Diamondback moth larvae parasitized by D. insulare were significantly less sensitive to ingested pesticides than were nonparasitized larvae 48 h after treatment. However, they were equally sensitive to pesticides through contact. Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki (Berliner) and azinphosmethyl were significantly more toxic to parasitized larvae than permethrin, methomyl, and chlorothalonil if ingested. D. insulare adults emerging from pupae that formed from larvae surviving pesticide treatments tended to have more females than those in the control group. Except for B. thuringiensis and chlorothalonil treatments, percentage adults emerging from pesticide-treated pupae was significantly lower for D. insulare than for diamondback moth in either direct-dip or spraying bioassays. Lower pesticide sensitivity in immature stages of D. insulare may be important for effective integrated diamondback moth management.
Carbon Nanotubes as Modulators of Neuronal Growth

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have emerged as one of the most promising nanomaterials that can be used in neurosciences. Recently, the use of CNTs for modulation of neural cell growth has been an area of active research. CNTs, bare or functionalized with various chemical groups and biologically relevant molecules, are compatible with neuronal cell growth. Rather than reporting on the structure, properties and functionalization of CNTs, that we have previously reviewed elsewhere [for detailed description, see (Bekyarova et al. 2005a; Bekyarova et al. 2005b)] in this chapter, we focus our discussion on a subset of biological applications of both single-walled (SW) and multi-walled (MW) CNTs: (1) as scaffolds/substrates for adhesion and growth of neurons and (2) as water-dispersible agents to modulate neurite outgrowth. We begin by presenting the evidence that bare CNTs can be used as permissive scaffolds. We, then, discuss the use of functionalized CNTs, which can modulate neuronal growth in a graded manner; positively charged CNT scaffolds permitted neurite outgrowth of neurons in culture to a greater extent than when these cells were grown on zwitterionic or negatively charged CNTs. Additional physical properties, conductivity and roughness, of CNT scaffolds can also affect neuronal morphology.
Multi-joint coordination during walking and foothold searching in the Blaberus cockroach. II. Extensor motor neuron pattern.

In a previous study, we combined joint kinematics and electromyograms (EMGs) to examine the change in the phase relationship of two principal leg joints during walking and searching. In this study,...
The research advances on human induced pluripotent stem cells in vitro to produce red blood cells

Induced pluripotent stem cells(iPSCs) not only have the ability to proliferate indefinitely,but can filter according to different needs of particular phenotypes.Furthermore,i PSCs could be directionally induced to produce red blood cells(RBC) and provide a new source for RBC transfusion.However,the application of this technology to the clinical transfusion still needs optimizations on several key steps,such as the selection of types of cells which produce i PSCs,the improvement on reprogramming methods that could be applied to guarantee the safety of clinical applications,and the optimization of erythrocyte differentiation process.
Survey on family meals and diet education of children and adolescents with and without Haidian householder register

Objective To investigate the information about family meals and diet education of children and adolescents with and without Haidian householder register so as to provide evidence for developing intervention measures. Methods By random two- stage cluster sampling, 969 students of primary and secondary schools were selected from Haidian District in Beijing.And a questionnaire survey was conducted among these students. Results The ratios of families with home cooking, going to a restaurant, having a takeaway, reheating leftovers and eating instant noodle or instant food were 92.9%, 3.0%, 1.2%, 1.4%and 1.1%, respectively. 58.1% of families had an easy and pleasant meal time(the ratio was higher in children and adolescents with Haidian householder register than those without Haidian householder register, P= 0.001). 8.7% of parents delivered sermons at dinner time(the ratio was lowerin children and adolescents with Haidian householder register than those without Haidian householder register, P 0.05). 5.6% of parents talked about their own things and did not care about their children at dinner time(the ratio was lower in children and adolescents with Haidian householder register than those without Haidian householder register, P 0.01). 20.2% of families watched TV during meals. 4.9% of families had a serious atmosphere and did not talk a lot at dinner time. 67.9% of children and adolescents cared about the environment and atmosphere during the dinner(the ratio was higher in children and adolescents with Haidian householder register than those without Haidian householder register, P=0.001). Mothers were the leading producers of food in the investigated families. 32.2% of parents gave the child delicacies as a reward or comfort when he/she got a good examination result or was well- behaved. 10.8% of parents allowed the child to do things he liked only after eating the food what the parents required(the ratio was lower in children and adolescents with Haidian householder register than those without Haidian householder register, P 0.01). 33.3% of parents often suggested their children to eat certain foods(the ratio was lower in children and adolescents with Haidian householder register than those without Haidian householder register, P 0.05). 21.1% of parents often liked to eat certain foods. Conclusions The families with and without Haidian householder register all have irrational behaviors on family meals and diet education. Active and effective intervention measures should be taken among the children, adolescents and their parents so as to change their irrational behaviors.
Overview: measuring plasma concentrations of psychotherapeutic drugs

Determining plasma concentrations of psychotherapeutic drugs is still relatively new, most of the studies having been done in the past 10–15 years. The idea of such monitoring is not new; when bromides were widely used in psychiatry and neurology, monitoring serum concentrations was recommended although seldom done. Technological advances have made routine monitoring possible. The only question that remains is when it is worth doing, assuming that the laboratories doing such work provide accurate determinations at a reasonable cost.
The Stag Hunt

The Stag Hunt is a story that became a game. The game is a prototype of social contract. The Stag Hunt does not have the same melodramatic quality as the Prisoner's Dilemma. In the Stag Hunt, what is rational for one player to choose depends on his beliefs about what the other will choose. Both stag hunting and hare hunting are equilibria. That is just to say that it is best to hunt stag if the other player hunts stag and it is best to hunt hare if the other player hunts hare. The two mentioned games, Prisoner's Dilemma and the Stag Hunt, are not unrelated. Considerations raised by both Hobbes and Hume can show that a seeming Prisoner's Dilemma is really a Stag Hunt. Suppose that Prisoner's Dilemma is repeated. Then actions on one play may affect partner's actions on other plays, and considerations of reputation may assume an importance that they cannot have if there is no repetition.
Impact of Location of Readmission on Outcomes After Major Cancer Surgery

The burden of readmissions after major cancer surgery is high. Prior work suggests that one-third of readmitted patients are readmitted to a different hospital than where the surgery was performed. The impact of this location of readmission needs to be more thoroughly understood. This retrospective cohort study was performed on Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-Medicare patients with bladder, esophagus, lung, or pancreas cancer diagnosed from 2001 to 2007 who underwent extirpative surgery and were readmitted within 90 days. Readmission location was classified as ‘index’ if readmission was at the hospital where surgery was performed, or ‘different’ if readmission was elsewhere. Outcomes including complications, reoperations, in-hospital mortality, 90-day mortality, and 90-day total costs were compared based on the location of readmission using a propensity score inverse probability treatment weight analysis. Overall, 7903 (28 %) patients were readmitted within 90 days of index hospitalization. Thirty-three percent were readmitted to a different hospital (bladder 30 %, esophagus 34 %, lung 34 %, pancreas 34 %). Ninety-day mortality and total costs of care were not significantly different between the readmission location groups (all p > 0.05); however, substantial differences in the types of patients, and timing of and reasons for readmission were observed between the two groups. Patients readmitted to different hospitals after major cancer surgery are a different group of patients than those readmitted to the index hospital. Accounting for this, we did not find significant differences in short-term clinical outcomes or costs of care based on readmission location; however, differences in long-term outcomes were observed that should be further explored in future studies.
Improving prediction of suicide and accidental death after discharge from general hospitals with natural language processing

Importance Suicide represents the 10th leading cause of death across age groups in the United States (12.6 cases per 100 000) and remains challenging to predict. While many individuals who die by suicide are seen by physicians before their attempt, they may not seek psychiatric care. Objective To determine the extent to which incorporating natural language processing of narrative discharge notes improves stratification of risk for death by suicide after medical or surgical hospital discharge. Design, Setting, and Participants In this retrospective health care use study, clinical data were analyzed from individuals with discharges from 2 large academic medical centers between January 1, 2005, and December 31, 2013. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was suicide as a reported cause of death based on Massachusetts Department of Public Health records. Regression models for prediction of death by suicide or accidental death were compared relying solely on coded clinical data and those using natural language processing of hospital discharge notes. Results There were 845 417 hospital discharges represented in the cohort, including 458 053 unique individuals. Overall, all-cause mortality was 18% during 9 years, and the median follow-up was 5.2 years. The cohort included 235 (0.1%) who died by suicide during 2.4 million patient-years of follow-up. Positive valence reflected in narrative notes was associated with a 30% reduction in risk for suicide in models adjusted for coded sociodemographic and clinical features (hazard ratio, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.58-0.85; P 2 2 = 14.843, P Conclusions and Relevance Multiple clinical features available at hospital discharge identified a cohort of individuals at substantially increased risk for suicide. Greater positive valence expressed in narrative discharge summaries was associated with substantially diminished risk. Automated tools to aid clinicians in evaluating these risks may assist in identifying high-risk individuals.
Alcohol Involvement in Homicide Victimization in the United States

Background Although the association between alcohol and homicide is well documented, there has been no recent study of alcohol involvement in homicide victimization in U.S. states. The objective of this article was to determine the prevalence of alcohol involvement in homicide victimization and to identify socio demographic and other factors associated with alcohol involvement in homicide victimization. Methods Data from homicide victims with a reported blood alcohol content (BAC) level were analyzed from 17 states from 2010 to 2012 using the National Violent Death Reporting System. Logistic regression was used to investigate factors associated with the odds of homicide victims having a BAC ≥ 0.08%. Results Among all homicide victims, 39.9% had a positive BAC including 13.7% with a BAC between 0.01% and 0.79% and 26.2% of victims with a BAC ≥ 0.08%. Males were twice as likely as females to have a BAC ≥ 0.08% (29.1% vs. 15.2%; p < 0.001). Characteristics that were independent predictors of homicide victims having a BAC ≥ 0.08 included male sex, American Indian/Alaska Native race, Hispanic ethnicity, history of intimate partner violence, and nonfirearm homicides. Conclusions Alcohol is present in a substantial proportion of homicide victims in the United States, with substantial variation by state, demographic, and circumstantial characteristics. Future studies should explore the relationships between state-level alcohol policies and alcohol involvement among perpetrators and victims of homicide.
Honduras Pine Spacing Trial Results in Puerto Rico

Stands of Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis on 4 sites with triangular spacings of 5, 7, 10 and 14 ft were measured at 18-20 yr old. Average survival was 82% for all sites except one that suffered hurricane damage in 1979. Survival was not related to spacing, but spacing did influence diameter growth on all 4 sites and height growth on 3 sites. At close spacing ht. m.a.i. culminated at 4.0-5.2 yr on 2 sites, and at 7.2 yr on the others. Diameter m.a.i. culminated roughly 1 yr earlier than ht. m.ai.i. Implications for management are discussed. 7 references.
IL-33-mediated immune responses contribute to renal pathology and endothelial damage in Orientia tsutsugamushi-infected mice. (INM6P.332)

Endothelial cells (EC) are the main target for Orientia tsutsugamushi infection, and EC dysfunction is a hallmark of severe scrub typhus in patients. However, very little is known regarding the molecular basis of EC dysfunction and its impact on infection outcomes. To address these issues, we recently developed a mouse model of severe scrub typhus and examined gene expression kinetics for IL-33, a DAMP molecule preferentially expressed in EC. Following the infection, mice showed a tissue-specific expression profile for IL-33 and its ST2 receptor, and both genes were highly expressed in the kidneys at the onset of disease (day 6) and prior to host death (day 10). The attenuated disease in IL-33-/- mice implied a role of IL-33/ST2 signaling in disease pathogenesis. We found that WT mice displayed exacerbated EC activation and apoptosis, as judged by the altered expression of angiopoietin (elevated Ang2/Ang1 ratio), increased endothelin-1 (ET-1) expression, and increased vascular damage. In IL-33-/- mice, however, EC stress and apoptosis were markedly attenuated, partially via the expression of molecules known to promote endothelial integrity (Ang1, eNOS, BCL2). The effect of Ang1-based treatment on disease outcome is being examined. These data indicate that IL-33-mediated immune responses contribute to renal pathology and endothelial damage in severe scrub typhus. This study also points to potential therapeutic targets in the treatment of Orientia -induced acute kidney injury.
Sidewall roughness in Si 3 N 4 waveguides directly measured by atomic force microscopy

We have developed a robust method to measure side-wall-roughness of sub-micron feature waveguides using atomic-force-microscopy. We measure the side-wall-roughness of silicon-nitride waveguides patterned by DUV photolithography and compare results of two different etch chemistries.
Development of Near Infrared Spectroscopy-based Process Monitoring Methodology for Pharmaceutical Continuous Manufacturing Using an Offline Calibration Approach

A near-infrared (NIR) calibration was developed using an efficient offline approach to enable a quantitative partial least-squares (PLS) chemometric model to measure and monitor the concentration of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) in powder blends in the feed frame (FF) of a tablet press. The approach leveraged an offline “feed frame table,” which was designed to mimic the full process from a NIR measurement perspective, thereby facilitating a more robust model by allowing more sources of variability to be included in the calibration by minimizing the consumption of API and other raw materials. The design of experiment (DOE) for the calibration was established by an initial risk assessment and included anticipated variability from factors related to formulation, process, environment, and instrumentation. A test set collected on the feed frame table was used to refine the PLS model. Additional fully independent test sets collected from the continuous drug product manufacturing process not only demo...
Feminist and Peace Perspectives on Women

Many contemporary feminists Challenge the popular notion that there is an integral relationship, which is assumed, between women and peace. This article briefly summarizes the contributions of feminist theorizing to peace studies and research in the United States. It informs readers as to the feminist debate and resulting tensions within the fields as to the very nature of women. Most feminist peace researchers and educators today seek a finely tuned appreciation of a variety of approaches to the study of gender and of their human differences and commonalties. Understanding of the historical and social specificity of peacemaking and reconsideration of the role of human agency are now reflected in the work of contemporary feminist peace researchers.
Osborn waves of hypothermia.

The differential diagnosis includes Brugada syndrome, hypercalcemia, and early repolarization syndrome.
The mathematics of extinction across scales: from populations to the biosphere

The sixth mass extinction poses an unparalleled quantitative challenge to conservation biologists. Mathematicians and ecologists alike face the problem of developing models that can scale predictions of extinction rates from populations to the level of a species, or even to an entire ecosystem. We review some of the most basic stochastic and analytical methods of calculating extinction risk at different scales, including population viability analysis, stochastic metapopulation occupancy models, and the species area relationship. We also consider two major extensions of theory: the possibility of evolutionary rescue from extinction in a changing environment, and the posthumous assignment of an extinction date from sighting records. In the case of the latter, we provide a new example using data on Spix's macaw (Cyanopsitta spixii), the "rarest bird in the world," to demonstrate the challenges associated with extinction date research.
Across Substrate Lateral Dimensional Repeatability Using a Highly-Anisotropic Deep Etch Process on Fused Silica Material Layers

This letter reports the research performed on the measurement of the repeatability of the resultant lateral dimensions across fused silica substrates that were etched using an inductively-coupled plasma reactive-ion etch process. We have developed and previously reported a highly-anisotropic plasma etch process with the demonstrated etch depths of over 100 microns deep into fused silica substrates and aspect ratios greater than 10 to 1. The across substrate repeatability of the lateral dimensions of the etched features is an extremely important parameter for any plasma etch process. The measured etched feature lateral dimensional repeatability for an average etch depth of 100 microns was found to be approximately 2.41% across each wafer over a total of 120 measurements taken. The capability to etch highly-anisotropic deep features with repeatable dimensional control into fused silica has important implications for a number of important MEMS applications. [2017-0088]
Cinema and painting in Parajanov’s aesthetic metamorphoses

AbstractIn this article I examine the painterly qualities of Sergei Parajanov’s films and argue that these qualities are profoundly related to the alteration of the spectatorial experience and rein...
Keeping it simple

Breheny et al. (Nat Lang Semant, 2017) argue against the structural approach to alternatives. The empirical force of their argument comes mostly from challenges raised against Trinh and Haida (Nat Lang Semant 23:249–270, 2015). This paper aims to respond to these challenges, showing how they can be met by a natural refinement of Trinh and Haida’s proposal which turns out to capture additional facts previously not accounted for. Another aim of this paper is to recount the debate with enough precision and explicitness in order to enhance understanding and facilitate future discussions.
Inhibiting TRK Proteins in Clinical Cancer Therapy

Gene rearrangements resulting in the aberrant activity of tyrosine kinases have been identified as drivers of oncogenesis in a variety of cancers. The tropomyosin receptor kinase (TRK) family of tyrosine receptor kinases is emerging as an important target for cancer therapeutics. The TRK family contains three members, TRKA, TRKB, and TRKC, and these proteins are encoded by the genes NTRK1, NTRK2, and NTRK3, respectively. To activate TRK receptors, neurotrophins bind to the extracellular region stimulating dimerization, phosphorylation, and activation of downstream signaling pathways. Major known downstream pathways include RAS/MAPK/ERK, PLCγ, and PI3K/Akt. While being rare in most cancers, TRK fusions with other proteins have been well-established as oncogenic events in specific malignancies, including glioblastoma, papillary thyroid carcinoma, and secretory breast carcinomas. TRK protein amplification as well as alternative splicing events have also been described as contributors to cancer pathogenesis. For patients harboring alterations in TRK expression or activity, TRK inhibition emerges as an important therapeutic target. To date, multiple trials testing TRK-inhibiting compounds in various cancers are underway. In this review, we will summarize the current therapeutic trials for neoplasms involving NTKR gene alterations, as well as the promises and setbacks that are associated with targeting gene fusions.
Learning Gene Regulatory Networks with High-Dimensional Heterogeneous Data

The Gaussian graphical model is a widely used tool for learning gene regulatory networks with high-dimensional gene expression data. Most existing methods for Gaussian graphical models assume that the data are homogeneous, i.e., all samples are drawn from a single Gaussian distribution. However, for many real problems, the data are heterogeneous, which may contain some subgroups or come from different resources. This paper proposes to model the heterogeneous data using a mixture Gaussian graphical model, and apply the imputation-consistency algorithm, combining with the ψ-learning algorithm, to estimate the parameters of the mixture model and cluster the samples to different subgroups. An integrated Gaussian graphical network is learned across the subgroups along with the iterations of the imputation-consistency algorithm. The proposed method is compared with an existing method for learning mixture Gaussian graphical models as well as a few other methods developed for homogeneous data, such as graphical Lasso, nodewise regression, and ψ-learning. The numerical results indicate superiority of the proposed method in all aspects of parameter estimation, cluster identification, and network construction. The numerical results also indicate generality of the proposed method: it can be applied to homogeneous data without significant harms. The accompanied R package GGMM is available at https://cran.r-project.org.
Characterization of voltage-gated, whole-cell ionic currents from conjunctival epithelial cells.

PURPOSE. These studies were performed to characterize the voltage-gated, whole-cell ionic currents in rabbit bulbar conjunctival epithelial and goblet cells. METhODS. New Zealand White rabbits were killed, and the bulbar conjunctiva was isolated. Conjunctival cells were dissociated for patch clamp analysis of whole-cell currents. The amphotericin, perforated-patch, whole-cell technique was used. RESULTS. Conjunctival epithelial cells had a mean capacitance of 6.72 pF (SE = 0.49; n = 25). The primary currents found were an inwardly rectifying K + current, a saturating K + current, and an outwardly rectifying nonselective cation current. A second nonselective cation current also appeared to be present. The inward current was observed in a KCI Ringer's bath and was almost nonexistent in a NaCI bath. The current was Ba 2+ - and Cs + -sensitive. The second K + current became saturated at depolarized voltages and was Ba 2+ - and quinidine-sensitive. The first outward nonselective cation current was typically less than 100 pA in amplitude and activated at voltages positive to 0 mV. Tail current experiments showed that the current was cation selective. The current was blocked by Gd 3+ but not by the Cl - current blockers 4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid or 5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)benzoic acid. The second nonselective cation current was larger and Gd 3+ -insensitive. The primary current observed in goblet cells was a large outward K + current. CONCLUSIONS. The primary currents observed during whole-cell patch clamping of bulbar conjunctival epithelium are a Ba 2+ - and Cs + -sensitive, inwardly rectifying K + current, a saturating K + current, and two outwardly rectifying nonselective cation currents. Goblet cells contain a large outward K + current.
Some Problems and Ideas of Erdős in Analysis and Geometry

I review a meager few of the many problems and ideas Erdős proposed over the years involving a mixture of measure theory, geometry, and set theory.
IRRADIATION-INDUCED PRECIPITATION IN UNDERSATURATED Ni-C AND Fe-Ni-C ALLOYS

Summary Results of calculations indicate that irradiation will give graphite nucleation in austenitic Fe-Ni-C alloys which are thermally single phase. The range of temperatures and carbon contents for which such irradiation-induced precipitation is predicted is greater at heavy ion or HVEM displacement rates than under the lower displacement rates characteristic of fast reactors. Examination of a Ni++ ion irradiated sample in the TEM showed an extra set of diffraction spots, which correspond to neither NiO nor graphite.
The Admissibility of Evidence of Animal Abuse in Criminal Trials for Child and Domestic Abuse

Household violence is a serious problem throughout the country. When household 'violence cases reach the court system they present unique evidentiary problems. Courts have begun to address these evidentiary problems.by allowing evidence of prior abuse of other houkhold victims into criminal trials for child and domestic abuse. The courts that have allowed such evidence, and the scholars who support such admissions, do so under auspices of "specific propensity evidence" to commit a certain type of crime, as opposed to "general propensity evidence" which is barred from admission by the federal and state rules of evidence. Since studies have linked animal abuse with other forms of domestic abuse, it is a logical extension to consider evidence of animal abuse as specific propensity evidence to commit other forms of domestic abuse. Therefore, evidence of animal abuse should be admissible in criminal trials for child and domestic abuse.
Revisiting skaz in Ivan Vyrypaev’s cinema and theatre: rhythms and sounds of postdramatic rap

Over the last two decades, the stage director and filmmaker Ivan Vyrypaev has developed his own aesthetic practice, which tests the energy, reception, and affective appeal of the stage performance ...
Student Activism: Student Nonviolent Coordination Committee (SNCC)

This chapter highlights the activism of the Student Nonviolent Coordination Committee (SNCC). This chapter chronicles the work of the SNCC and its involvement in activities that led up to instrumental events such as the March on Washington and the Birmingham Campaign. The chapter also includes a critical analysis of the SNCC’s contribution to educational practices, intended to bring about social and political change to schools serving African American students.
Massage for Pain: An Evidence Map

Objectives: Massage therapy has been proposed for painful conditions, but it can be difficult to understand the breadth and depth of evidence, as various painful conditions may respond differently to massage. The authors conducted an evidence mapping process and generated an "evidence map" to visually depict the distribution of evidence available for massage and various pain indications to identify gaps in evidence and to inform future research priorities. Design: The authors searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane for systematic reviews reporting pain outcomes for massage therapy. The authors assessed the quality of each review using the Assessing the Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR) criteria. The authors used a bubble plot to depict the number of included articles, pain indication, effect of massage for pain, and strength of findings for each included systematic review. Results: The authors identified 49 systematic reviews, of which 32 were considered high quality. Types of pain frequently included in systematic reviews were cancer pain, low back pain, and neck pain. High quality reviews concluded that there was low strength of evidence of potential benefits of massage for labor, shoulder, neck, low back, cancer, arthritis, postoperative, delayed onset muscle soreness, and musculoskeletal pain. Reported attributes of massage interventions include style of massage, provider, co-interventions, duration, and comparators, with 14 high-quality reviews reporting all these attributes in their review. Conclusion: Prior reviews have conclusions of low strength of evidence because few primary studies of large samples with rigorous methods had been conducted, leaving evidence gaps about specific massage type for specific pain. Primary studies often do not provide adequate details of massage therapy provided, limiting the extent to which reviews are able to draw conclusions about characteristics such as provider type.
Alignment change in Chukotkan: Further exploration of the pathways to ergativity

Abstract This paper examines current approaches to studying alignment change and the role of language contact in the spread of ergativity, using the Chukotkan languages as a case study. Chukotkan is exceptional in that there does not appear to be a single reanalysis pathway that can account for the development of ergative case. Rather, the system appears to be the product of several changes that operated in different domains. This paper provides an alternative to an earlier account that claims that Chukotkan ergativity developed due to Yupik substrate effects, which is not supported by the historical accounts of the contact between these groups. This explanation is consistent with a problematic tendency of treating ergativity as a special phenomenon, even though ergative alignment regularly arises via internal change. Instead, I propose that the loss of split ergative case marking occurred due to the reanalysis of a passive participle, which was motivated by the tendency to encode animacy distinctions in these languages.
Internet-based alternatives for equitable preparation, access, and success in gateway courses

Abstract Remedial college courses generate tuition and fit neatly into existing course structures. But they often fail to deliver access and success in foundational “gateway” undergraduate courses. Because under-represented minorities are over-represented in these courses, remedial courses obstruct equitable access and success. Schools are increasingly turning instead to supplemental instruction and Internet-based intelligent tutoring systems (ITSs). But these alternatives don't generate tuition, are difficult to evaluate, and can require substantial infrastructure. This study compared 2561 students who qualified for Principles of Chemistry and Biochemistry by passing Developmental Chemistry with 607 students who qualified by completing a commercial Internet-based ITS. Propensity-score techniques were used to control for biased selection and assignment. We found that spending approximately 30 h on a $30 ITS was equally as effective as spending hundreds of hours and thousands of dollars of tuition on a three or five credit remedial course in terms of final grades in Principles for the entire population as well as for under-represented minorities. This finding has implications for advising students and for designing and evaluating programs for underprepared students and under-represented minorities.
The effects of both jump/land phases and direction on Achilles tendon loading.

Background Athletes in jumping and running sports have a high incidence of Achilles tendon (AT) injuries. We compared AT loading during jumping and landing phases in anteroposterior (AP) and mediolateral (ML) directions. Methods Sixteen males (age: 21.6±1.8 years, height: 178.4±6.4 cm, weight: 76.4±11.2 kg) performed single leg AP and ML jump-landings during both propulsive (jump) and braking (land) phases. Inverse dynamics and static optimization were used to determine muscle forces. AT cross sectional area was measured with ultrasound. AT force was divided by cross sectional area to determine stress while strain was determined from previous data. Two-way repeated measures analysis of variance (α=0.05) compared several variables (vertical ground reaction force (VGRF), ankle and knee angle, ankle joint muscle moment arm, external ankle moment arm, AT tendon force, stress, and strain) between movements (jump-landings) and directions (AP/ML). Results AT loading was higher during jump than land in the ML compared to AP direction. VGRF was higher during land versus jump with no direction effect (AP/ML). An interaction showed a higher VGRF during the AP land and ML jump. The ankle joint moment arm was lower in jump and AP direction at peak tendon stress. External ankle moment arm at peak tendon stress was higher in jump and ML direction with an interaction. A larger external ankle moment arm occurred in ML but the change was less in the jump. Conclusions Higher tendon loading occurred during the jump and ML direction. This may provide insight into both injuries and rehabilitation efforts.
Expanding and Contracting Definitions of Syncopation: Commentary on Temperley 2019

In the article Second-Position Syncopation in European and American Vocal Music , David Temperley presents an empirical, socio-cultural survey of syncopation in 19th-century Western music. He espouses the following novel ideas about operational definitions of syncopation: 1) that syncopations on the second position of a duple hierarchy are musically, and culturally, distinct from fourth-position syncopations; 2) that more detailed operational definitions of syncopation, what Temperley calls "acute" syncopations, are needed to properly understand syncopation. Following up on Temperley's work, I apply his definitions of syncopation to a corpus of more recent Anglo-American popular music (Gauvin, Condit-Schultz, & Arthur 2017). I discuss how Temperley's definitions must be adapted and expanded to fit this different, more diverse, dataset, proposing several new syncopation definitions of my own. I also discuss some statistical assumptions that ought to be better addressed in future work, and speculate on how inconsistencies of music notation might hinder historical studies like Temperley's.
Drama with, by and for youth in an age of post-truth

Truth has never been stable; it’s slippery, defined by those in power. Lately, greased by changing notions of power, authenticity, and sourcing, understandings of truth as respected, objective, sta...
Bones and Birth Control in Adolescent Girls

Abstract Peak bone mass acquisition during adolescence is an important determinant of adult bone health. Knowledge about the effects of different contraceptives on peak bone mass acquisition could influence choice of method recommended. This review summarizes normal bone acquisition during adolescence, discusses methods of assessing bone health in this age group, and reviews the effects of different contraceptive options on bone health, both in adults and in adolescents. Based on the evidence, long-acting reversible contraceptives do not appear to affect peak bone mass acquisition or future fracture risk and remain the first-line contraceptive choice for adolescents. Oral contraceptives with doses of ethinyl estradiol greater than 30 μg should be used in preference to lower-dose preparations, and the adverse effects of depo medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) on bone health are reversible on discontinuation of the medication. Concerns about bone health should not prevent use of DMPA in an adolescent who prefers this method.
Gait speed and recommended treatment intensity among older adults with blood cancers.

12041Background: Gait speed identifies frailty and predicts survival among older adults with hematologic malignancies (Liu, Blood, 2019). It is not known if gait speed correlates with the intensity...
Enhancing Proactive Control Mobile and Web Software Security Education with Hands-on Labware

While the number of mobile and web applications is growing exponentially, the mobile and web security threat landscape is growing explosively. Malicious malware may attack vulnerable applications and obtain personal or enterprise confidential data anywhere and anytime. Most vulnerabilities should be addressed and fixed during the early stages of software development. However, many software development professionals lack the awareness of the importance of security vulnerabilities and the necessary knowledge and skills at the software development stage. This paper addresses the needs and challenges of the lack of pedagogical materials and real-world learning environment in ProActive Control for Software Security (PASS) through effective, engaging, and investigative authentic learning approaches.
Trends in nutrition practice

Abstract Nutrition support pharmacists are uniquely integrated into the nutrition care process with expertise in pharmacotherapy, evidence-based medicine, and pharmaceutics, including stability and compatibility. Nutrition trends, which are constantly evolving, are driven by evidence-based medicine, health-care practitioner advocacy, professional organizations, and governing agencies. Engaged and innovative health-care practitioners supported by national and international professional organizations strive to address barriers and challenges within nutrition support practice such as practitioner awareness, education, and safety. Interprofessional collaboration and adoption of best practices are essential for the provision of high-quality nutrition care and optimal patient outcomes.
Evaluation of Thermodynamic Data of Pure Materials and Sample Problems

The material presented in this lecture is adapted from Chapter 8 in T&M. In this lecture, we will continue discussing pure materials (n = 1). First, we will present a summary of the differentials of S, U, and H, expressed in terms of two sets of (n + 1) = 2 intensive variables: (T, P) and (T, V). We will also consider the ideal gas limit and derive an expression relating the heat capacities at constant pressure and volume. Second, we will solve Sample Problem 16.1 to calculate the variation of the heat capacity at constant pressure with pressure at a given temperature. Third, we will solve Sample Problem 16.2 to calculate the variation of the heat capacity at constant volume with volume at a given temperature. Fourth, we will show how to calculate changes in thermodynamic properties given a mathematical expression relating P, T, and V (referred to as the equation of state, EOS) and different types of heat capacity data. In particular, we will present three strategies that can be used depending on the type of heat capacity data available to us. Fifth, we will present a three-step integration method, using either a (P, T) or a (V, T) phase diagram, which can be used when ideal gas heat capacity data is available (i.e., in the attenuated state, corresponding to the pressure approaching zero, or to the molar volume approaching infinity). Finally, we will demonstrate the use of this three-step integration method, referred to as the attenuated-state approach, to calculate entropy changes when a pure material evolves from an initial state 1 to a final state 2, using either a (P, T) or a (V, T) phase diagram.
Intravenous levothyroxine stewardship program at a tertiary academic medical center.

PURPOSE: Based on the pharmacokinetic profile of levothyroxine, a 3-day hold guideline for adult patients ordered for intravenous (IV) levothyroxine was implemented at a tertiary academic medical center. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of the implementation of an IV levothyroxine hold guideline. METHODS: This single-center, retrospective analysis identified patients ordered for IV levothyroxine during a 13-week period before and after implementation of the guideline. The primary outcome was guideline adherence, defined as full implementation of the 3-day hold. Secondary outcomes included the number of IV levothyroxine administrations avoided in the post-guideline group, extrapolated yearly cost avoidance (EYCA) after guideline implementation, reasons for guideline non-adherence, and number of safety reports involving IV levothyroxine. RESULTS: A total of 166 and 134 patients met inclusion criteria for the pre- and post-guideline groups, respectively. Guideline adherence was observed in 94 (70.1%) patients, resulting in 276 vials saved in the 13-week post-guideline period, which translated to an EYCA of $139,877. Forty orders (29.9%) were non-adherent to the guideline, with the most common reason stated as nil per os (NPO). No difference in safety outcomes was seen between the pre- and post-guideline groups, as evidenced by 1 safety report in each group. CONCLUSION: We observed a high rate of adherence to an IV levothyroxine hold guideline. This was associated with a substantial cost savings over the study period with no increase in reported safety events. To our knowledge, this is the first published report of an inpatient IV levothyroxine 3-day hold guideline.
Mesoporous cellulose-chitosan composite hydrogel fabricated via the co-dissolution-regeneration process as biosorbent of heavy metals.

Abstract Developing low-cost and high-performance biosorbent for water purification continues drawing more and more attention. In this study, cellulose-chitosan composite hydrogels were fabricated via a co-dissolution and regeneration process using a molten salt hydrate (a 60 wt% aqueous solution of LiBr) as a solvent. The addition of chitosan not only introduced functionality for metal adsorption but also increased the specific surface area and improved the mechanical strength of the composite hydrogel, compared to pure cellulose hydrogel. Batch adsorption experiments indicated that the composite hydrogel with 37% cellulose and 63% chitosan exhibited an adsorption capacity of 94.3 mg/g (1.49 mmol/g) toward Cu2+ at 23 °C, pH 5, and initial metal concentration of 1500 mg/L, which was 10 times greater than the adsorption capacity of pure cellulose hydrogel. Competitive adsorption from a mixed metals solution revealed that the cellulose-chitosan composite hydrogel exhibited selective adsorption of the metals in the order of Cu2+ > Zn2+ > Co2+. This study successfully demonstrated an innovative method to fabricate biosorbents from abundant and renewable natural polymers (cellulose and chitosan) for removing metal ions from water.
Institutional Trading, Information Production, and the SEO Discount: A Model of Seasoned Equity Offerings

We develop a model of the seasoned equity offering (SEO) process, starting from the SEO announcement, through pre-offer trading, and ending in the offering itself. We use our model to advance a new rationale for the existence of the SEO discount and SEO underpricing, and to analyze the role of institutional investors in SEOs. We show that the SEO discount is positively related to the extent of information asymmetry a firm faces, and SEOs with greater pre-offer net buying by institutional investors have higher institutional allocations, greater oversubscription, and lower SEO discounts. Furthermore, our model predicts a positive link between the pre-offer net buying by institutional investors and the magnitude of SEO underpricing and the long-run post-SEO operating performance.