cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Multilayer Perceptron Neural Networks for Grain Size Estimation and Classification

Grain size estimation nondestructively as a method for characterizing the mechanical and structural integrity of materials has been long recognized. The scattering and attenuation of ultrasonic echoes depend on the frequency of the sound and grain size distribution. It is of high interest to estimate grain size and classify materials based on the scattering properties of the specimen microstructure. In this study, an ultrasonic NDE system is used for acquiring ultrasonic scattering signals. Backscattered signals collected from three steel blocks with different grain sizes are used to train the neural network for material classification and quality control. Scattering signals in time domain, frequency domain, and time-frequency distribution are applied to the neural network for grain size characterization and classification. The validation accuracy of the trained network is as high as 99% for grain size classification.
Placed for Success: Which Teachers Benefit from High-Quality Student Teaching Placements?:

In the present study we consider whether certain pre-service teachers (PSTs) particularly benefit from high-quality student teaching experiences. To conduct these analyses, we connect student teach...
Poor glycemic control in bariatric patients: a reason to delay or a reason to proceed?

BACKGROUND More than 90% of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) have obesity, and over 85% of diabetic patients who undergo metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) will see improvement or resolution of diabetes. However, diabetes is a known risk factor for surgical complications. OBJECTIVES To determine whether poor preoperative glycemic control confers an increased perioperative risk after MBS. SETTING Academic Hospital. METHODS Retrospective review of data from the Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery Accreditation and Quality Improvement Program (MBSAQIP). From the 2017-2018 MBSAQIP databases, we identified patients with diabetes who underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass or gastric sleeve surgery. Unmatched and propensity-matched univariate analyses, as well as multivariate logistic regressions, were performed to compare 30-day postoperative outcomes and complication rates between patients with poor (glycated hemoglobin [HbA1C] > 7.0) and good (HbA1C ≤ 7.0) glycemic control. RESULTS Of 40,132 T2D patients, 19,094 (52.42%) had an HbA1C level ≤ 7.0. Patients with poor glycemic control had slightly higher rates of overall morbidity (6.53% versus 5.49%, respectively; relative risk = 1.188; P < .001). However, in a 1:1 matched analysis of 23,930 patients controlling for body mass index, surgery type, approach, and co-morbidities, the findings of poorer outcomes were largely mitigated. In a multivariate analysis, poor glycemic control was not associated with morbidity. CONCLUSIONS In T2D patients, poor glycemic control does not independently increase the risk of 30-day morbidity following MBS. Adverse outcomes in the setting of poor glycemic control appear to be largely mediated by associated co-morbidities. Performing MBS in the setting of suboptimal glycemic control may be justified, with the understanding that delaying or refusing surgery can contribute to worsening of diabetes-related co-morbidities that, in turn, may ultimately have a more deleterious effect on outcomes.
Using blade element momentum methods with gradient-based design optimization

Blade element momentum methods are widely used for initial aerodynamic analysis of propellers and wind turbines. A wide variety of correction methods exist, but common to all variations, a pair of residuals are converged to ensure compatibility between the two theories. This paper shows how to rearrange the sequence of calculations reducing to a single residual. This yields the significant advantage that convergence can be guaranteed and to machine precision. Both of these considerations are particularly important for gradient-based optimization where a wide variety of atypical inputs may be explored, and where tight convergence is necessary for accurate derivative computation. On a moderate-sized example optimization problem we show over an order of magnitude increase in optimization speed, with no changes to the physics. This is done by using the single residual form, providing numerically exact gradients using algorithmic differentiation with an adjoint, and by leveraging sparsity in the Jacobian using graph coloring techniques. Finally, we demonstrate a revised formulation for cases when no inflow exists in one of the directions (e.g., a hovering rotor or a parked rotor). These new residuals allow for robust convergence in optimization applications, avoiding the occasional numerical difficulties that exist with the standard formulation.
Performance Comparison of Time-Domain and Frequency-Domain RF Self-Interference Cancellation in Full-Duplex Wireless Systems

Full-Duplex is a wireless communication paradigm which potentially provides a 2x improvement in the data-rate by a more efficient usage of available spectrum. A critical bottle neck in FD operation is the powerful Self-Interference (SI) on top of the desired received signal which lies in the same frequency range, potentially desensitizing the receive chain and thereby corrupting reception. To achieve FD operation, the SI has to be suppressed below the RX noise floor through different stages of cancellation as frequency selective filtering is not possible. Wide-band SI cancellation (SIC) requires a cancellation network which accurately emulates the frequency response of the SI channel over the desired bandwidth. This work examines two ways of achieving wide-band SIC, one from a frequency domain perspective by using a bank of RF filters and another from a time domain perspective by using finite impulse response (FIR) filters. Using data from measurements, we compare the two aforementioned approaches and discuss challenges involved in implementing these networks.
Point set registration via stochastic particle flow filter

I present an innovative registration algorithm using the particle flow filter. The particle flow filter is a Bayesian filter that uses particles to represent probability densities. The particle flow filter is not constrained to the highly restrictive unimodal, linear, and Gaussian assumptions of many Bayesian filters such as the Kalman filter. Additionally, the particle flow filter is computationally more efficient than other multimodal filters such as the better-known particle filter (PF). Unlike the PF, the particle flow filter does not require particle resampling or importance weight updates. Rather, the proposal density is formed by flowing the prior probability to the posterior using the Fokker–Planck equation. The particle flow filter algorithms were implemented using MATLAB. Both 2D and 3D rigid body point-set registration were conducted using the Gromov particle flow filter variant. Additionally, the PF method and iterative closest point (ICP) algorithms were implemented for comparison. For the same alignment accuracy, the new particle flow filter approach was 244% faster than the PF for certain challenging problems. For the same alignment time, the particle flow filter reduced misalignment by as much as 35% over that of the PF. The particle flow filter achieved 100% alignment with enough particles, and reduced misalignment by as much as 75% over that of ICP. These results demonstrate that image registration via the particle flow filter significantly outperforms the PF and ICP algorithms in the presence of noise and for a high degree of initial misalignment.
A PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS OF BURIAL CLUSTERS AT THE GRASSHOPPER SITE, EAST CENTRAL ARIZONA

ABSTRACTFrom 1963–66 almost 200 human burials, in 7 clusters, were recovered at Grasshopper, a 14th century pueblo in east central Arizona. The burials and associated grave offerings are the data for this study. Considerable variability was observed among the clusters. Three possible causes were considered: sampling error, temporal and social factors. Sampling error was dismissed because the size of the burial population remains unknown, and the sample used was the maximum available. Temporal factors were insignificant. Grasshopper was occupied for about a century, too short a period to explain the variation as due to change through time. Two different kinds of cemeteries were defined which could accomodate all of the original burial clusters. The first were common cemeteries located in trash mounds peripheral to the site. The second was an area of high status burials associated with the Plaza in the western unit of the site. Using analogies drawn from modern Western Pueblo society, a model was generated ...
Symposium on Education in Science, Technology, and Values: Introduction

Citizens in our technological society are increasingly confronted with lifestyle choices and public policy issues which are beyond the scope of widely distributed analytical, interpretive, and practical skills. Examples of these issues include life-extension, genetic screening, solid waste disposal, strategic defense in space, release of genetically engineered organisms into the environment, and funding the super-collider and human genome projects. Because an intelligence sufficient to confront such matters is not possessed by masses of people from all social groups, the quality of our lives, our democratic institutions, our natural environment, and the very existence of future generations are all threatened.
Religious Identity and Gender on the Edges of the Nation: The Leh District of India’s Jammu and Kashmir State

At the intersection of politics and religion, gender can become a point of tension and concern. This chapter explores the complex and contradictory ways that gender becomes a site for the politicization of religious identity in the Leh District of India’s Jammu and Kashmir State. As global and national understandings of what it means to be Buddhist or Muslim have gained circulation, religion has become a political force in post-partition South Asia, the relationship between Leh’s Buddhist majority and Muslim minority has deteriorated. Political conflict between Buddhists and Muslims has been articulated in part through women’s bodies, and new interpretations of religious identity are emerging. Both groups are developing an embodied religious boundary by forcibly preventing interreligious marriages and new interpretations of religious doctrine that discourage women from using family planning. These emergent practices attend and sometimes conflict with new expressions of religious identity from dress to vegetarianism. Drawing on ethnographic work including interviews, survey data, and participatory oral histories in Leh District, I engage with the ways that Buddhist and Muslim women and men contend with the politicization of religion and life as a religious minority on the contested borders of the Indian nation.
The draft international standard method (ISO/DIS 9613-2) for calculating the attenuation of sound during propagation outdoors

The International Standards Organization (ISO) technical committee TC 43 on Acoustics, sub-committee SC1 on Noise, in 1983 voted to form a new working group, WG24, with the objective `to specify methods for determining the attenuation of sound propagating outdoors. This information is necessary for determining sound pressure levels at a distance from a noise source, e.g. an industrial plant, a vehicle or an aircraft'. This objective placed the project squarely between two sets of existing ISO standards-those specifying methods for determining the levels of sound power emitted by various sources, such as machinery and specified equipment (the ISO 3740 series) or industrial plants (ISO 8297), and the ISO 1996 series which specifies methods for the description of noise outdoors in community environments
2001 Crop Season

Soil moisture levels were adequate to surplus going into the growing season, due in part to heavy precipitation during the fall and winter months of 2000/2001. March precipitation was below average, but little, if any, fieldwork was done during this time because the soils stayed cool and wet. Small-grain planting and anhydrous ammonia applications were not made until mid–April, but corn and soybean planting were not far behind. Planting began on April 18 and continued through April 20, when heavy rain prevented fieldwork until April 30. Planting then continued through most of May despite more heavy rains. Little fieldwork was done between May 3 and June 10, after which most of the remaining crops were planted.
Levamisole and interleukin-2 for advanced malignancy

Therapy for cancer patients with biologically active immune modulators is attractive but has met with limited clinical success. Interleukin-2 (IL2) stimulates T-cells and natural killer (NK) cells to kill tumor cells and levamisole (LMS) is an immunostimulant which has been shown to increase NK cells and activated T-cells in patients receiving this adjuvantly along with 5FU for Stage III colon cancer. This study was designed to evaluate whether treatment with LMS prior to IL2 would provide synergistic activity and improve response rates. Four patients with advanced malignancies were treated with LMS at 50 mg p.o. TID for 3 days followed on day 4 with 600,000 units/kg IL2 as a single i.v. bolus. This treatment was repeated weekly until progression. Serum soluble IL2 receptor (sIL2R) and interferon-gamma levels were monitored throughout the treatment course as markers of immune activation. All patients had eventual progression of disease. Toxicity was minimal with Grade II orthostatic hypotension the major consequence of therapy. The pattern of sIL2R levels in 3/4 patients revealed a steady increase over the several weeks of therapy, indicating ongoing immunostimulation (r=0.53 , p=0.001). Short-term treatment with LMS, however, resulted in a significant and consistent decreases in sIL2R levels (2198 U/ml vs. 1969 U/ml, p=0.001) in all patients. In conclusion, LMS/IL2 in the dose and schedule utilized here was not clinically effective. However, LMS reduced sIL2R levels immediately following a three-day course. This reduction in sIL2R by LMS may improve the possibility of response to IL2 by facilitating a decrease in inhibitory sIL2R. Combinations of these two agents should continue to be investigated as potential synergistic anti-tumor agents.
Kinetics of Woodward's Reagent K Hydrolysis and Reaction with Staphylococcal Nuclease

The kinetics of the hydrolysis of Woodward's Reagent K has been studied as a function of pH in aqueous solution. Rate constants for the reagent transformation have been combined with rate data for loss of staphylococcal nuclease activity to provide the mechanism for the protein modification. The reactive species for derivatization of the enzyme is the intermediate ketoketenimine. The pH dependence of the rate of the second order reaction between this intermediate and the nuclease yielded a pKapp of 5.22, which is attributed to a carboxyl group or groups of the enzyme.
WE-EF-BRA-09: Microbeam Radiation Therapy Enhances Tumor Drug Uptake of PEGylated Liposomal Doxorubicin (PLD) in a Triple Negative Breast Cancer GEM Model

Purpose: Overcoming low anti-cancer drug uptake in tumors is a key challenge limiting its clinical use. We propose to enhance the drug delivery using upfront Microbeam Radiation Therapy (MRT). MRT is a preclinical cancer therapy that utilizes microplanar beams to deliver spatially oscillating planes of high and low doses. Animal studies have demonstrated that ultrahigh dose (100s Gy) MRT eradicates tumors without damaging the function of normal tissue exposed to the same radiation. Our previous study indicated that MRT induces intense angiogenesis in tumor rim and surrounding normal tissue 1–2 days post radiation. We hypothesize that the tumor microenvironment modulation induced by MRT may enhance carrier-mediated agent drug delivery to tumors with inherent poor drug uptake. We thus investigated MRT-induced pharmacokinetics (PK) of PEGylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD), a nano-scale doxorubicin, in T11 genetically engineered mouse model of triple negative breast cancer. Methods: A research irradiator (160kVp, RadSource Technologies) with a customized collimator was used to produce the MRT microbeam of in average 390µm width and 1190µm peak-to-peak distance. The peak dose rate of 1–2Gy/min. Dosimetry is by EBT3 film cross-calibrated with ion chamber at large fields. All mice were administered PLD at 6mg/kg IV x1 at 16h post MRT and sacrificed at 5min, 6h, 24h, and 96h post PLD administration (n=3 or 4 per group). Results: The MRT(28Gy)+PLD group mice had a total doxorubicin tumor concentration (area-under-the concentration-curve, AUC) of 206,040ng/mL•h, 3.71 times the concentration of the PLD-alone group. The MRT(34Gy)+PLD group had a higher mean total doxorubicin concentration in tumor (20,779ng/ml) than the MRT(28Gy)+PLD group (10,665ng/ml). Conclusion: Our preliminary results indicate that microbeam radiation therapy (MRT) can enhance nano-scale anti-cancer drug delivery to tumors approximately 4-fold. The exact working mechanism, the comparison with broad beam irradiation, and optimization of MRT for drug delivery enhancement are under investigation.
Generation of short microwave pulses with a compact reverberation cavity using time-reversal

Microwave pulse compression is a technique for converting a long-duration, lower amplitude pulse into a short, higher power pulse. The benefit of pulse compression is that it allows for significantly higher peak power to be generated from existing sources whose output peak power is otherwise limited. For this reason, pulse compression has been of interest for applications such as particle accelerators and directed energy.
Lesion complexity drives the cost of superficial femoral artery endovascular interventions

Objective Patients who undergo endovascular treatment of superficial femoral artery (SFA) disease vary greatly in lesion complexity and treatment options. This study examined the association of lesion severity and cost of SFA stenting and to determine if procedure cost affects primary patency at 1 year. Methods A retrospective record review identified patients undergoing initial SFA stenting between January 1, 2010, and February 1, 2012. Medical records were reviewed to collect data on demographics, comorbidities, indication for the procedure, TransAtlantic Inter-Society Consensus (TASC) II severity, and primary patency. The interventional radiology database and hospital accounting database were queried to determine cost drivers of SFA stenting. Procedure supply cost included any item with a bar code used for the procedure. Associations between cost drivers and lesion characteristics were explored. Primary patency was determined using Kaplan-Meier survival curves and a log-rank test. Results During the study period, 95 patients underwent stenting in 98 extremities; of these, 61% of SFA stents were performed for claudication, with 80% of lesions classified as TASC II A or B. Primary patency at 1 year was 79% for the entire cohort. The mean total cost per case was $10,333. Increased procedure supply cost was associated with adjunct device use, the number of stents, and TASC II severity. Despite higher costs of treating more complex lesions, primary patency at 1 year was similar at 80% for high-cost (supply cost >$4000) vs 78% for low-cost (supply cost Conclusions SFA lesion complexity, as defined by TASC II severity, drives the cost of endovascular interventions but does not appear to disadvantage patency at 1 year. Reimbursement agencies should consider incorporating disease severity into reimbursement algorithms for lower extremity endovascular interventions.
Detecting traffic snooping in tor using decoys

Anonymous communication networks like Tor partially protect the confidentiality of their users' traffic by encrypting all intra-overlay communication. However, when the relayed traffic reaches the boundaries of the overlay network towards its actual destination, the original user traffic is inevitably exposed. At this point, unless end-to-end encryption is used, sensitive user data can be snooped by a malicious or compromised exit node, or by any other rogue network entity on the path towards the actual destination. We explore the use of decoy traffic for the detection of traffic interception on anonymous proxying systems. Our approach is based on the injection of traffic that exposes bait credentials for decoy services that require user authentication. Our aim is to entice prospective eavesdroppers to access decoy accounts on servers under our control using the intercepted credentials. We have deployed our prototype implementation in the Tor network using decoy IMAP and SMTP servers. During the course of ten months, our system detected ten cases of traffic interception that involved ten different Tor exit nodes. We provide a detailed analysis of the detected incidents, discuss potential improvements to our system, and outline how our approach can be extended for the detection of HTTP session hijacking attacks.
Probing the mechanism of nitrogen transfer in Escherichia coli asparagine synthetase by using heavy atom isotope effects.

In experiments aimed at determining the mechanism of nitrogen transfer in purF amidotransferase enzymes, 13C and 15N kinetic isotope effects have been measured for both of the glutamine-dependent a...
Young Children's Understanding of Beliefs about Moral and Conventional Rule Violations.

Children of ages 3–5 ( N = 62) were assessed by using standard theory-of-mind tasks and unusual belief tasks related to false information and beliefs endorsing violations of moral (welfare and fairness) and social conventional (school rules) domains. Younger children (under 5 years) did not accurately attribute unusual factual beliefs or beliefs endorsing rule violations whether or not they passed the standard theory-of-mind tasks. Only participants over age 5 performed above chance in attributions of unusual beliefs. Domain differences indicated that beliefs endorsing harm were often most difficult for children, perhaps because the beliefs were the least plausible and most obligatory.
Teratogenicity, fetal toxicity, and placental transfer of lead nitrate in rats

Abstract Single doses of 25–70 mg/kg of lead nitrate were administered iv to pregnant rats on Days 8–17 of gestation (Day 1 = sperm found). Malformations were produced with lead when administered on Day 9 of gestation, producing a urorectocaudal syndrome of malformations. Lead nitrate was increasingly embryo- and fetotoxic when administered on later days of gestation (Days 10–15) but not teratogenic. Hydrocephalus and hemorrhage of the central nervous system were produced on Day 16 of gestation. On Day 16 and therafter, fetal toxicity (resorptions) sharply declined. Postnatal survival of newborn exposed in utero to lead on Day 9 of gestation was very poor. Significant quantities of lead were transferred into the fetus; however, the placenta appeared to greatly limit the passage of lead since large maternal-fetal concentration gradients existed.
The effect of methyl alcohol on the conversion of thiamine to thiochrome

Der Einfluss verschiedener Methylalkoholkonzentrationen auf die Thiamin-Thiochrom-Umsetzung im alkalischen Milieu mit 0.11% K3Fe(CN)6 wurde verfolgt. Im Reaktionsgemisch ohne CH3OH wird im untersuchten Konzentrationsbereich (0.1 bis 1000 µg in 8 ml Reaktionsgemisch) ungefahr 65% des Thiamins in Thioohrom umgewandelt. Im Reaktionsgemisch mit 2 ml CH3OH in 8 ml wird der Umsatz uber 90% fur Thiaminkonzentrationen unter 1 µg und uber 80% im Konzentrationsbereich von 1 bis 1000 µg Thiamin in 8 ml Reaktionsgemisch gesteigert.
Self-clocked optical control of a self-routed photonic switch

Self-routing of 100-Mb/s data through a photonic switch is demonstrated. Individual data bits are subencoded into one of 124 destination addresses using a pulse-interval technique with 80-ps pulses. At the switch, optical processing is used to read the address of an incoming bit and to route that bit to the correct switch output without the aid of an external clock. Although the pulse-interval technique is presented in a bit-switching context, it can readily be extended to a packet-switching environment. >
Physical Self-Efficacy and Alexithymia in Women with Chronic Intractable Back Pain

This study explores the relationship between chronic intractable back pain and physical self-efficacy and alexithymia in 112 women sampled from a large university-based health center. Fifty-nine women suffering from chronic back pain were compared with 53 control subjects. Results note that women with chronic intractable back pain had significantly higher scores on the measure of alexithymia and lower scores on the measure of physical self-efficacy compared with control subjects. The predictive model was useful in correctly classifying 81.4% of back pain subjects. Perceived self-presentation confidence was protective, and being married and increased age were associated with the risk of having chronic back pain.
Interactions between embryos and the culture milieu

Although in vitro production of embryos up to the blastocyst stage is now possible in numerous species, the quality and quantity of embryos are still not satisfactory. Clearly, culture conditions do not yet replace all of the benefits of development within the female reproductive tract. Analysis of the interactions between embryos and the components of culture media provides insights into regulatory mechanisms and how they are perturbed in vitro, and also offers some clues about the nature of the support provided to early embryos by the female tract. Further elucidation of these events and their underlying regulation will be helpful for improving culture media formulations to support normal embryo development in vitro.
VALENCY, SOLITONS, AND CHARGE-FLUCTUATION MECHANISM FOR HIGH-Tc SUPERCONDUCTIVITY

The author discusses present knowledge of the valency of the various ions in high-T/sub c/ superconductors. He reports on a newly discovered mechanism for superconductivity which seemingly explains the attraction responsible for Cooper pairing. The mechanism concerns charge fluctuations in parallel, neighboring planes. The interaction between two such fluctuations is a calculable function. This mechanism could well explain the higher T/sub c/'s of the present generation ceramic superconductors. Being unrelated to any specific properties of copper oxide, beyond the specific value of {kappa}/sub F/, it should also be applicable to a variety of non-ceramic materials,of which artificially layered semiconductors and intercalation compounds are two families.
Application of axisymmetric analog for calculating heating in three-dimensional flows

A rapid, approximate method has been developed for calculating the heating rates on three-dimensional vehicles such as the Space Shuttle Orbiter and other advanced reentry configurations. The method is based on the axisymmetric analogue for three-dimensional boundary layers. It uses information obtained from a three-dimensional inviscid flowfield solution, such as HALIS, to calculate inviscid surface streamlines along which approximate heating rates are calculated independent of what happens along other streamlines. Three-dimensional effects are included through the metric coefficient that describes the divergence or convergence of streamlines. Boundary-layer edge properties are obtained from the inviscid flowfield solution by interpolating in the inviscid flowfield at a distance equal to the boundary-layer thickness away from the wall. This accounts, approximately, for the variable boundary-layer edge entropy. Using this method, heating calculations can be made along a typical streamline in a few seconds. This method has been used to accurately predict heating rates for simple shapes such as a spherically blunted cone and more complex shapes such as the Shuttle Orbiter for a variety of wind-tunnel and flight conditions. A unique feature of the method is its ability to accurately predict heating rates on the Shuttle Orbiter wing.
Far-infrared spectra and barriers to internal rotation of ethyl nitrate☆

Abstract The far-infrared spectra of gaseous and solid ethyl nitrate, CH3CH2ONO2, have been recorded from 500 to 50 cm−1. The fundamental asymmetric torsion of the trans conformer which has a heavy atom plane has been observed at 112.50 cm−1 with two excited states failing to lower frequencies, and the corresponding fundamental torsion of the gauche conformer was observed at 109.62 cm−1 with two excited states also falling to lower frequencies. The results of a variable temperature Raman study indicate that the trans conformer is more stable than the gauche conformer by 328 ± 96 cm−1 (938 ± 275 cal mol−1). An asymmetric potential function governing the internal rotation about the CH2O bond is reported which gives a trans to gauche barrier of 894 ± 15 cm−1 (2.56 ± 0.04 kcal mol−1) and a gauche to gauche barrier of 3063 ± 68 cm−1 (8.76 ± 0.20 kcal mol−1) with the trans conformer more stable by 220 ± 148 cm−1 (0.63 ± 0.42 kcal mol−1). Transitions arising from the symmetric CH3 and NO2 torsions are observed for both conformers, from which the threefold and twofold periodic barriers to internal rotation have been calculated. For the trans conformer the values are 1002 cm−1 (2.87 kcal mol−1) and 2355 ± 145 cm−1 (6.73 ± 0.42 kcal mol−1) and for the gauche conformer they are 981 cm−1 (2.81 kcal mol−1) and 2736 ± 632 cm−1 (7.82 ± 1.81 kcal mol−1) for the CH3 and NO2 rotors, respectively. These results are compared to the corresponding quantities for some similar molecules.
The effects of dichloro-trans-dihydroxy-bis-isopropyl-amine-platinum IV on the primary cell-mediated cytotoxic response.

Abstract The effects of diamino-dichloro-cis platinum II (DDP) and dichloro-trans-dihydroxy-bis-isopropyl-amine-platinum IV (DDIP or CHIP) on the primary cell mediated cytotoxic response developed in a mixed lymphocyte tumor cell culture (MLTC) were investigated. DDP as well as CHIP added on day 0 augmented the CMC response when spleen cells from C57B/6 mice were cultured for 4 days with supraoptimal numbers of irradiated (4000 rads) allogeneic P815 mastocytoma cells. A similar effect was observed when mice were treated with either of the two platinum compounds 1 or 5 days proor to spleen removal and sensitization of the spleen oells in a MLTC. Augmentation was not observed at optimal or suboptimal R : S. When spleen cells were preincubated with CHIP, only inhibitory effects on the CMC response could be demonstrated. Decreasing Cl − -ion concentrations in the preincubation medium increased the inhibitory effect of CHIP. After CHIP administration to spleen donor mice, the development of antigen specific suppressor cells was inhibited only at doses higher than those required to inhibit the development of nonspecific suppressor cells. Spleen responder cells from CHIP-treated donors exhibited a lower sensitivity to both antigen-specific and nonspecific suppressor cells than spleen responder cells from untreated control donors.
An analysis of speech perception in word deafness

Abstract A patient with a rather pure word deafness showed extreme suppression of right ear signals under dichotic conditions, suggesting that speech signals were being processed in the right hemisphere. Systematic errors in the identification and discrimination of natural and synthetic stop consonants further indicated that speech sounds were not being processed in the normal manner. Auditory comprehension improved considerably however, when the range of speech stimuli was limited by contextual constraints. Possible implications for the mechanism of word deafness are discussed.
171 Light-Induced Growth of Winter Phytoplankton Collected from the Benthic Boundary Layer in Coastal Oregon Waters

It has been speculated that overwintering phytoplankton in the benthic boundary layer (BBL) are seed stocks for spring blooms in coastal upwelling systems. Experiments were conducted in Jan/Feb 2003 to test the hypothesis that phytoplankton in the BBL are light limited. Water collected from the BBL at four sites across the northern Oregon shelf was incubated at in situ temperature and nutrient concentrations (∼1 μM phosphate, 10 μM nitrate, 15 μM silicate) and exposed to two different daylengths and four light levels. The daylengths were 9 h (winter) and 12 h (early spring), and the light levels (in μmol photons·m−1 ·s−1) were 0 (Control), 20 (L), 70 (M), and 160 (H). Light-induced growth was observed in all four incubations. Exponential growth was reached in the 12 H, 12 M, and 9 H treatments after 4 to 6 days, and stationary growth was reached after 5 to 10 days. Maximum in vivo fluoresence was obtained in the 12 H, 12 M, and 9 H treatments, while maximum particulate organic carbon (POC) was obtained in the 12 H treatment. In vivo fluorescence increased in the L light treatments relative to the control, but POC did not. Blooms were terminated by nitrate or silicate depletion. These results demonstrate that growth of winter phytoplankton off Oregon is primarily light-limited, and that input of light of sufficient intensity and constancy (i.e. water column stabilization) can lead to blooms on time scales typical of upwelling blooms (<1 week).
Atomic Force Microscopy Studies Provide Direct Evidence for Dimerization of the HIV Restriction Factor APOBEC3G

Abstract APOBEC3G (A3G) is an antiviral protein that binds RNA and single-stranded DNA (ssDNA). The oligomerization state of A3G is likely to be influenced by these nucleic acid interactions. We applied the power of nanoimaging atomic force microscopy technology to characterize the role of ssDNA in A3G oligomerization. We used recombinant human A3G prepared from HEK-293 cells and specially designed DNA substrates that enable free A3G to be distinguished unambiguously from DNA-bound protein complexes. This DNA substrate can be likened to a molecular ruler because it consists of a 235-bp double-stranded DNA visual tag spliced to a 69-nucleotide ssDNA substrate. This hybrid substrate enabled us to use volume measurements to determine A3G stoichiometry in both free and ssDNA-bound states. We observed that free A3G is primarily monomeric, whereas ssDNA-complexed A3G is mostly dimeric. A3G stoichiometry increased slightly with the addition of Mg2+, but dimers still predominated when Mg2+ was depleted. A His-248/His-250 Zn2+-mediated intermolecular bridge was observed in a catalytic domain crystal structure (Protein Data Bank code 3IR2); however, atomic force microscopy analyses showed that the stoichiometry of the A3G-ssDNA complexes changed insignificantly when these residues were mutated to Ala. We conclude that A3G exchanges between oligomeric forms in solution with monomers predominating and that this equilibrium shifts toward dimerization upon binding ssDNA.
The multicultural personality: Does it predict international students’ openness to diversity and adjustment?

Abstract This study explored the influence of five multicultural personality traits (i.e., social initiative, emotional stability, open-mindedness, flexibility, and cultural empathy) in predicting international students’ openness to diversity and cross-cultural adjustment. Data from 341 international students indicated that emotional stability and social initiative contributed directly to international students’ adjustment in the United States. In addition to these direct effects, the data also supported indirect effects of open-mindedness, flexibility, and cultural empathy via their influence on openness to diversity. Specifically, students who were more open-minded, flexible, and empathic also demonstrated greater openness to diversity, which in turn led to better adjustment.
Interleukin 2 is a proliferative signal for B cells from autoimmune mice

T cells from murine lupus strains manifest complex defects in interleukin 2 (IL 2) production and receptor expression. The capacity of B cells from such mice to utilize IL2 as a growth factor has not been previously reported and is examined herein. Anti-Thy-1.2 plus complement-treated spleen cells from 6–8-week-old autoimmune MRL- Ipr/lprmice and from age and sex-matched immunologically normal CBA/J mice were cultured with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 36 h and analyzed for the expression of IL 2 receptors using the monoclonal antibody 7D4. The percentage of B cells expressing IL2 receptors was comparable in MRL-lpr/lpr and CBA/J mice. In contrast to those from CBA/J, BALB/c and (BALB/c × NZW)F1 mice, LPS-stimulated B cells from MRL-lpr/lpr and from (NZB × NZW)F1 mice were capable of proliferating in response to IL 2. Fractionation of MKL-lprl/lprB cells using Percoll gradient density separation demonstrated that the IL2-responsive population consisted predominantly of large cells. In addition, unfractionated B cells from MRL-lpr/lpr mice were found to be substantially more responsive to IL2 than those from CBA/J and BALB/c mice following activation with anti-immunoglobulin plus LPS. The hyper-responsiveness to IL 2 may be a consequence of the state of activation of autoimmune B cells and is of potential importance in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus.
Alloimplant extrusion: A link between invertebrate and vertebrate defense systems?

An immunologically dependent encapsulation-extrusion mechanism causes salamanders to extrude partially rejected subcutaneous implants of normal and neoplastic allogeneic tissues. This reaction occurs more frequently in sensitized hosts and is preferentially expressed when animals are implanted and maintained in the cold and then transferred to the warm. These data suggest the hypothesis that vertebrate cellular and humoral immunity may have evolved by modifying and increasing the survival value of foreign body reactions of primitive invertebrates.
A topic-based approach for narrowing the search space of buggy files from a bug report

Locating buggy code is a time-consuming task in software development. Given a new bug report, developers must search through a large number of files in a project to locate buggy code. We propose BugScout, an automated approach to help developers reduce such efforts by narrowing the search space of buggy files when they are assigned to address a bug report. BugScout assumes that the textual contents of a bug report and that of its corresponding source code share some technical aspects of the system which can be used for locating buggy source files given a new bug report. We develop a specialized topic model that represents those technical aspects as topics in the textual contents of bug reports and source files, and correlates bug reports and corresponding buggy files via their shared topics. Our evaluation shows that BugScout can recommend buggy files correctly up to 45% of the cases with a recommended ranked list of 10 files.
78 Galactose-1-Phosphate Accumulation in Red Cells of a Neonate

SCHWARTZ, HOLZEL and KOMROWER have demonstrated high levels of galactose-1-phosphate in tissues of newborns deficient in galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase activity. Following their recommendations to maintain a known heterozygotic pregnant mother on a galactose free diet, we examined the cord blood of a galactosemic infant. The levels of galactose-1-phosphate were found to be approximately four times normal. At age of ten days, the infant's red cell content of galactose-1-phosphate had increased to seven times normal, even though he was on a galactose free diet. Over the ensuing five weeks, the levels slightly decreased. Intravenous administration of galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase in 35 ml of packed normal red cells resulted in prompt disappearance of galactose-1-phosphate and decrease in liver size. Studies of maternal galactose levels in another pregnant woman as well as evaluation of maternal and newborn lactation are in process. (SPR)
The influence of dietary factors on drug metabolism in animals.

(1979). The Influence of Dietary Factors on Drug Metabolism in Animals. Drug Metabolism Reviews: Vol. 9, No. 2, pp. 173-184.
Intrapopulation Recombination for 15N‐Determined Dinitrogen Fixation Ability in Common Bean

The quantity of N2 fixed in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is a quantitatively inherited trait that shows sufficient genetic variability for improvement through breeding, but there is little information on gain from selection for 15N-determined N2 fixation ability. The objective was to determine whether intrapopulation recombination and selection could be used to improve N2 fixation. Four agronomically acceptable lines were selected, based on their acetylene reduction-determined N2 fixation ability, from an inbred backcross (IB) line population created from a cross between the high N2-fixing donor parent ‘Puebla 152’ and a commercial, low N2-fixing recurrent parent ‘Sanilac’. These four IB lines were intercrossed, advanced to the F3, and the six resulting F3 populations with 25 F3 families per population were evaluated for N2 fixation in a low-N field using 15N-depleted (NH4)2SO4. The six F3 population means differed significantly and were superior to ‘Sanilac’ for N2 fixation ability and yield, indicating significant improvement over ‘Sanilac’. Four F3 population means were similar to ‘Puebla 152’, indicating selection advance towards high N2 fixation while retaining favorable agronomic characteristics. Fifty percent of the F3 families were superior to ‘Sanilac’ for N2 fixation and one family exceeded ‘Puebla 152’, indicating that intrapopulation recombination produced improvement of 15N-determined N2 fixation.
Improved cathode-ray tube for application in Williams memory system

Design features and electrical characteristics of a new cathode-ray tube which was developed specifically for electrostatic storage applications are described. Particular attention is given to the spot size, deflection defocusing, “spill” characteristics, screen blemishes, signal output, and the compromises made to achieve optimum over-all design.
X-Band Insertion Loss Process Control Measurement System

This paper discusses the development and integration of an automated positioning system with a X-Band Insertion Loss (IL) measurement system. The system operates as an In-Line feedback controller to manufacture Stealthy web materials, which are later formed into loaded honeycomb core. Customized software positions two X-Band antennas at user-defined locations to retrieve real-time transmission IL data from a Hewlett-Packard (HP) Network Analyzer. The operator can alter real-time processing variables such as the web's line speed by observing IL data displayed in HP Basic Windows graphics format on a 486 PC. At a run's conclusion the software exports data to a Statistical Process Control (SPC) software package to highlight web areas exhibiting out of control conditions.
Ion discrimination by “millipore” filters saturated with organic solvents I. Cation selectivity, mobility, and relative permeability of membranes saturated with bromobenzene

Abstract “Millipore” filters saturated with bromobenzene behave like cation exchangers discriminating sharply between various ions. The order of selectivity for cations tested is: quinine > tetraethylammonium > Cs +  K + acetylcholine + > NH 4 > Na +  choline + Li + . The order of increasing mobility of the cations in the membrane is as follows: NH4+ > Cs+  Rb+  K+ > Na+ > tetraethylammonium+ > Li+ > quinine+ > choline+ > acetylcholine+. The order of permeability as determined by bi-ionic potential measurements is: quinine+ > Rb+  K+  Cs+ > NH4+ > tetraethylammonium+ > Na+ > acetylcholine+ > Li+ > choline+. The relations between these characteristics are discussed.
Leadership as Organizing: A Critique of Leadership Instruments

Leadership is a central concept in both communication and organizational studies. Despite the centrality of leadership in both disciplines, few leadership questionnaires have been developed in the ...
Prediction of regional streamflow frequency using model tree ensembles

Summary This study introduces a novel data-driven method called model tree ensembles (MTEs) to predict streamflow frequency statistics based on known drainage area characteristics, which yields insights into the dominant controls of regional streamflow. The database used to induce the models contains both natural and anthropogenic drainage area characteristics for 294 USGS stream gages (164 in Texas and 130 in Illinois). MTEs were used to predict complete flow duration curves (FDCs) of ungaged streams by developing 17 models corresponding to 17 points along the FDC. Model accuracy was evaluated using ten-fold cross-validation and the coefficient of determination (R2). During the validation, the gages withheld from the analysis represent ungaged watersheds. MTEs are shown to outperform global multiple-linear regression models for predictions in ungaged watersheds. The accuracy of models for low flow is enhanced by explicit consideration of variables that capture human interference in watershed hydrology (e.g., population). Human factors (e.g., population and groundwater use) appear in the regionalizations for low flows, while annual and seasonal precipitation and drainage area are important for regionalizations of all flows. The results of this study have important implications for predictions in ungaged watersheds as well as gaged watersheds subject to anthropogenically-driven hydrologic changes.
Cyclocryotherapy for Glaucoma After Penetrating Keratoplasty

Thirty-six eyes underwent cyclocryotherapy after penetrating keratoplasty for medically unmanageable elevated intraocular pressures. Thirty were controlled with one procedure, five required three procedures. Eighty-two percent of the transplants remained clear after cryotherapy and 19 of 23 with clear grafts obtained useful visual acuity. Our results including the number of patients whose glaucoma was controlled by this procedure and the percent of clear grafts following cryotherapy are far better than results of other forms of glaucoma surgery after keratoplasty. The complication rate was 14% for all procedures. Most procedures were performed within 12 weeks of the corneal transplant. Cyclocryotherapy is necessary for the successful management of glaucoma after penetrating keratoplasty to avoid graft failure and must be performed if acceptable visual acuity is to be attained.
The heartbeat of the spider, Geolycosa missouriensis.

Abstract 1. 1. Heart rate in Geolycosa missouriensis is described. Resting unrestrained spiders have a mean heart rate of 48 beats/min but immediately after forced exercise, rates as high as 176 beats/min are recorded. Restrained resting spiders have a mean rate of 138 beats/min. 2. 2. An isolated heart preparation is described. In isolated hearts the mean rate of beating is 62 beats/min. 3. 3. Electrical activity recorded from isolated hearts is of the oscillatory type characteristic of neurogenic hearts. 4. 4. The cardiac nerve on the dorsal surface of the heart is shown to contain approximately fifty nerve cell bodies and thus this nerve appears to be a cardiac ganglion.
Pulse rate and Pulmonary Ventilation as Predictors of Human Energy Cost

This study compared the usefulness of the pulse rate and ventilation rate in the prediction of energy cost. Four young men were exercised at six grades on the motor-driven treadmill in order to derive data for regression equations, one to predict oxygen consumption from pulse rate data and the other using the ventilation rate. Separate equations were derived for each subject. The precision of prediction was then tested in three work tasks including treadmill walking while holding a weight in a static contraction, cycling the bicycle ergometer and hand-cranking the ergometer. Although large mean differences in percentage error were recorded in the pulse rate prediction, they were not statistically significant, probably due to large individual variations. The differences in ventilation rate prediction were significant and indicated the need for using closely related activities when deriving the predictive equations. Prediction accomplished with the ventilatory data resulted in smaller errors than did the pu...