cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of Kv channel expression by NSAIDs depolarizes membrane potential and inhibits cell migration by disrupting calpain signaling

Clinical use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is well known to cause gastrointestinal ulcer formation via several mechanisms that include inhibiting epithelial cell migration and mucosal restitution. The drug-affected signaling pathways that contribute to inhibition of migration by NSAIDs are poorly understood, though previous studies have shown that NSAIDs depolarize membrane potential and suppress expression of calpain proteases and voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channel subunits. Kv channels play significant roles in cell migration and are targets of NSAID activity in white blood cells, but the specific functional effects of NSAID-induced changes in Kv channel expression, particularly on cell migration, are unknown in intestinal epithelial cells. Accordingly, we investigated the effects of NSAIDs on expression of Kv1.3, 1.4, and 1.6 in vitro and/or in vivo and evaluated the functional significance of loss of Kv subunit expression. Indomethacin or NS-398 reduced total and plasma membrane protein expression of Kv1.3 in cultured intestinal epithelial cells (IEC-6). Additionally, depolarization of membrane potential with margatoxin (MgTx), 40mM K(+), or silencing of Kv channel expression with siRNA significantly reduced IEC-6 cell migration and disrupted calpain activity. Furthermore, in rat small intestinal epithelia, indomethacin and NS-398 had significant, yet distinct, effects on gene and protein expression of Kv1.3, 1.4, or 1.6, suggesting that these may be clinically relevant targets. Our results show that inhibition of epithelial cell migration by NSAIDs is associated with decreased expression of Kv channel subunits, and provide a mechanism through which NSAIDs inhibit cell migration and may contribute to NSAID-induced gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity.
Population-genetic structure of the toxic dinoflagellate Karenia brevis from the Gulf of Mexico

Blooms of Karenia brevis, the major bloom-forming dinoflagellate in the Gulf of Mexico, are thought to originate in the eastern Gulf. Single-cell polymerase chain reaction and five microsatellites were used to obtain genotypes for > 1800 cells from 38 samples collected from six bloom events. A consistent pattern of genetic divergence between blooms from Florida and Texas was not detected, which supports the hypothesis of a common origin for blooms of K. brevis in the Gulf of Mexico.
Application of highly sensitive UPLC–MS to determine biodistribution at tracer doses: validation with the 5-HT1A ligand [18F]FPWAY

Abstract High-sensitivity and high-resolution LC/MS instrumentation has been applied in positron emission tomography (PET) radiopharmaceutical development to provide quantitative measurement of the mass of radiotracers extracted from tissues of rats. We employed the highly sensitive Waters Q-TOF premier MS coupled with an Acquity UPLC system to demonstrate that LC-MS can generate ex vivo biodistribution data for PET 5-HT 1A ligand FPWAY without the need to radiolabel. For the biodistribution studies, we injected rats with [ 18 F]FPWAY containing various amounts of nonradioactive FPWAY. At the end of the allotted time, the animals were killed and six regions of brain and plasma from each animal were processed for quantitative measurement of parent compound concentration by LC-MS. These data were then converted to the differential uptake ratio DUR (%ID/g⁎body weight/100) and the brain tissue-specific binding ratio to allow direct comparison with data obtained by gamma counting of the coinjected radioactive [ 18 F]FPWAY. The DUR and the brain tissue-specific binding ratio calculated using the LC-MS method were highly correlated to the values obtained by standard radioactivity measurements of [ 18 F]FPWAY. In conclusion, there was significant concordance between the LC/MS and radioactivity method in determination of DUR and the specific binding ratio in the rat brain. This concordance indicated that high-sensitivity LC/MS is an indispensable tool in evaluating the quantity of administered chemical in tissue as part of the development of new molecular imaging probes.
Becoming a Truly Helpful Teacher: Considerably More Challenging, and Potentially More Fun, than Merely Doing Business as Usual.

Few medical faculty members are adequately prepared for their instructional responsibilities. Our educational traditions were established before we had research-based understandings of the teaching...
New Techniques in Pediatric Pain Management: Continuous Peripheral Nerve Block.

OPTIMUM PERI-OPERATIVE pain management in children requires significant communication and coordination among the patient, the family, and the health care team. A plan that permits adequate pain control after major orthopedic surgery permits pediatric patients to recover sooner and provides for a shorter length of hospitalization. Advances in pain management through the use of a continuous peripheral nerve block (CPNB), provides children with regional anesthesia that creates sensory numbness in the extremity while at the same allowing for motor control (Moos, 2011). This column will review indications for CPNB in the pediatric population and the nursing implications for caring for children in the post-operative period. A CPNBwith continuous or intermittent analgesia and a local anesthetic, such as Ropivacaine, provides exceptional localized pain control and minimizes the need for systemic opioids (Polomano, Rathmell, Krenzischek, & Dunwood, 2008). Compared to a single injection of local anesthetic that provides for only 12–16 hours of pain control, infusions through a CPNB catheter extends the length of post-operative analgesia with minimal side effects (Gurnaney et al., 2014; Polomano et al., 2008). CPNB catheters, inserted through the guidance of ultrasound, can be used for numerous types of surgery with
Recent Developments in the Management of Anaerobic Infections

specific virulence factors by microbial analysis. In vitro sensitivity tests show that many clinically significant anaerobic species are resistant to penicillin; susceptibility to an expanding array of alternative antimicrobial agents is quite variable. Nevertheless, clinical trials suggest that several antibiotic regimens are equally effective. These studies provide guidelines for empiric selection of agents, although in vitro studies or the unique properties of some drugs must be considered in occasional cases. Several commonly accepted tenets held in the past may now be challenged: some abscesses do not require surgical drainage; plasmids conferring resistance to clindamycin in Bacteroides fragilis appear prevalent in some institutions; clindamycin may be the preferred agent for treatment of serious anaerobic pulmonary infections; and metronidazole is the only new agent advocated for anaerobic infections that offers potential advantages over prior agents. During the past decade there has been increasing interest in the role of anaerobic bacteria in a variety of infectious diseases. This work has been accompanied by extensive progress in anaerobic microbiologic techniques for recovering, identifying, and testing antimicrobial susceptibility. Despite this progress, selection of antimicrobial agents is often empiric. This empiric selection reflects difficulties encountered in obtaining appropriate specimens for anaerobic culture, problems of interpretation of cultures yielding polymicrobial flora, time delays in reporting bacteriologic results, and the impracticality of performing antimicrobial susceptibility tests of anaerobic bacteria. These limitations are not new, but they are worth noting because they emphasize prevalent problems in current management practices. More importantly, several new observations challenge some of our traditional concepts. The purpose of this report is to summarize some of these recent findings with respect to the treatment
Benchmark data on the utilization and acquisition costs of central nervous system and muscular skeletal drugs among veterans with combat-related injuries.

ABSTRACT Background: Little is known about the utilization and costs of central nervous system (CNS) and musculoskeletal medications in veterans with blast injuries. Methods: Two years of national medication records of Operations Enduring Freedom and Iraqi Freedom veterans with blast injuries were extracted from the Veterans Health Administration Decision Support System and analyzed with descriptive statistics. Results: Over the 2-year period, there was a total of 23,795 pharmacy claims (various drug classes) for 60 patients with blast injuries with a 2-year drug acquisition cost of $111,535 (mean per patient = $1,858; median per patient = $960). There were 6,471 CNS pharmacy claims or 4.5 CNS pharmacy claims per patient per month. Over four (81.6%) of five veterans were prescribed opioid analgesics; 75.0% (45 of 60) received antidepressants; 68.3% (41 of 60) received anticonvulsants; 40% (24 of 60) received antipsychotics; and 41.6% (25 of 60) received sedative hypnotics. The drug acquisition cost of all...
Lichen Planus Drug Reactions

Lichen planus is a common chronic, inflammatory, autoimmune mucocutaneous disease. The lesions of lichen planus are most notably described using the six Ps: planar (flat-topped), purple, polygonal, pruritic, papules, and plaques. These characteristic lesions are often covered by the lacy, reticular, white lines known as Wickham striae. The exact etiology of this disease is unknown, however an immune- mediated pathology is well documented in the literature. A mucocutaneous eruption very similar to the idiopathic lichen planus presentation has been reported to be caused by several drug categories and whose recovery depends on the discontinuation of the drug. These drug categories include NSAIDS, ACE inhibitors, antimicrobials, and antiarthritics. The idiopathic disease can be distinguished from the drug eruption by characteristics of presentation and duration.
HOW TO THINK THEOLOGICALLY ABOUT RIGHTS

In this essay I offer a nuanced account of my critique of “rights” language. I argue that my primary concern is not to discount the usefulness of rights language in contemporary expressions of legal and moral duties. Rather my concern is with the overreliance on rights language such that it guards a society from acknowledging prior claims to a common good. Rights language has become too powerful when appeals to rights threatens to replace first-order moral descriptions in a manner that makes us less able to make the moral discriminations that we depend upon to be morally wise. Finally, I turn to Simone Weil and Rowan Williams, who both turn to the body to suggest a more constructive way for thinking about rights as attending to the body, which forces us to attend to contingency. Human contingency can help us resist abstractions that fail to properly account for and address bodily needs.
Biologic Agents in the Management of Hodgkin Lymphoma

The advent of biologic approaches for the treatment of solid tumors and hematologic malignancies has been a major accomplishment in oncology and a rapidly growing field of clinical and translational research in cancer therapeutics. Classical Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is no exception. Although the investigation of biologic therapies in HL started decades ago, it has only recently flourished, largely because of the development of new monoclonal antibody drug conjugates and checkpoint inhibitors. Biologic therapies represent a potent treatment option that have produced durable remissions even in patients who have had multiple relapses or with refractory disease. This article reviews 8 major classes of biologic approaches that have been investigated in HL: monoclonal antibodies, immunotoxins, antibody-drug conjugates, radioimmunotherapy, adoptive immunotherapy, immunomodulators, chimeric antigen receptor T cells, and checkpoint inhibitors. An armamentarium of biologic therapies for HL that are well tolerated and potentially more effective is expected to be available in the near future.
Helicobacter pylori: to stain or not to stain?

We performed a retrospective study to investigate the usefulness of immunohistochemical stains for the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori (HP). We reviewed 200 consecutive gastric biopsy specimens, as well as immunohistochemical stains for HP. Of the biopsy specimens, 32 were positive for HP by immunohistochemical staining; of those, HP was seen on HE however, a small number of cases with significant inflammation can be missed if stains are not used.
Topological Analysis of Network Systems for Intrusion Detections

An understanding of how well networks will respond to ongoing attack threats is an important task in formulating strategies to protect unauthorized network activities. The study of topological properties of network architecture sheds some light in this effort. The purpose of this paper is to study several scenarios that address topological structures and related analyses of network systems to begin the appropriate discussion towards this question. Analysis of the probabilistic state finite automation and its probability distribution theory play a pivotal role in the discussion.
Survey on Pollution of Bisphenol A in Surface Water of Weifang Reach in the Weihe River

Objective To understand the level of Bisphenol A(BPA)in surface water of Weifang reach in the Weihe river. Methods Samples of the surface water of Weifang reach in the Weihe river were collected in August,2013(the rich season)and January,2014(the dry season),respectively.Ultrasound assisted-dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction(DLLME)and high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)were employed to determine BPA. Results BPA was detected in all the water samples of the total 16 monitoring points and their concentrations ranged 0.272 to 1.912μg/L,with a median value of 0.577μg/L during dry season.BPA was detected in 11 points of the total 16 monitoring points in the Weihe river during rich season,with a detection rate of 68.750%,the concentration ranged from not detected to 0.308μg/L,with a median value of 0.075μg/L.The spatial distribution of BPA was related to the discharge of domestic and industrial waste water along the river reach. Conclusion BPA is detected in surface water of Weifang reach in the Weihe river during dry season and rich season.
Exploration on Teachers,Textbooks and Student in Open Training Mode of Composite Thai Talent

Composite Thai talent open training mode is to adapt to social development,education reform and improvement of the teaching mode,and achieved great results.The complex Thai talent open training model of the new requirements have been an essential element in the teaching model: teachers,teaching materials and students,and give these three elements has the meaning of the new era.
Gastrointestinal blood flow and oxygen delivery during environmental cold stress: effect of anaemia.

We studied the effect of environmental cold stress with and without isovolaemic anaemia on blood flow and oxygen delivery to the stomach, small intestine, and colon. The purpose of the study was to investigate the independent and combined effects of an increased oxygen demand (cold stress) and decreased oxygen availability (anaemia). Six, 3-4 days-old, awake piglets having normal haematocrit (26%), were studied in a warm environment (31.7 +/- 0.4 degrees C) and 30 min after reaching the nadir of cold stress (19.9 +/- 0.4 degrees C). Subsequently, a warm environment was reestablished and a partial volume, plasma exchange transfusion was done to lower the haematocrit to approximately 15%. Piglets were then studied as before in warm (32 +/- 0.5 degrees C) and cold (19.3 +/- 0.3 degrees C) environments. In the non-anaemic study phase, cold stress provoked a decrease in blood flow (ml.100g-1.min-1) to the small intestine (226 +/- 22 vs. 134 +/- 22) while oxygen delivery (ml O2.100g-1.min-1) was decreased to the stomach (13.6 +/- 1.4 vs 9.3 +/- 1.7), small intestine (19.6 +/- 0.6 vs. 11.2 +/- 1.1) and colon (9.6 +/- 1.7 vs. 6.1 +/- 1.0). Following plasma exchange transfusion (anaemic study phase), warm environment values for gastrointestinal blood flow did not differ from non-anaemic warm environment values. However, mean oxygen delivery while in a warm environment was decreased to the stomach (-45%), small intestine (-49%) and colon (-42%). Among anaemic piglets, cold stress provoked a further decrease in oxygen delivery to the small intestine (9.9 +/- 1.2 vs. 6.5 +/- 0.9).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Optional Opacity: A Syntactically-Based Analysis of Early Hebrew Verb Morphology.

The study aims to account for the distribution of finite versus non-finite verbs during a developmental period when children use both types of verb forms in contexts requiring finiteness. To meet t...
Optimizing Synchronous Circuitry by Retiming (Preliminary Version)

This paper explores circuit optimization within a graph-theoretic framework. The vertices of the graph are combinational logic elements with assigned numerical propagation delays. The edges of the graph are interconnections between combinational logic elements. Each edge is given a weight equal to the number of clocked registers through which the interconnection passes. A distinguished vertex, called the host, represents the interface between the circuit and the external world.
Controlling Vesicle Motion in Cortical Neurons with Magnetic Forces

Cellular processes like signaling, growth and network formation in neurons are highly linked to intracellular vesicle motion. To manipulate signaling from inside the cell, we utilize functionalized superparamagnetic nanoparticles (fMNPs) combined with amplified magnetic field gradients to direct and alter vesicle transport based on magnetic forces.Force-micromanipulation techniques, such as magnetic tweezers, have been used to control the location and apply forces on intracellular fMNPs, which have been shown to affect growth cone motility 1. However, the throughput of magnetic tweezer systems is low due to its inherent serial nature. By parallelizing magnetic field gradient with magnetic elements (MEs) on chip the experimental throughput can be dramatically increased. In addition, the dimension and orientation of the magnetic elements can be tuned to accommodate a wide range of forces. Additionally these forces can be applied independently of the amount of uptaken fMNPs, ensuring uniform force application across the chip2.Using nanomagnetic forces we found that intracellular TAU distribution can be re-located in dissociated cortical neurons in a force range of 4.5 pN - 70 pN, applied over 24 h2. Currently, we investigate the location of fMNPs in different types of vesicles and how vesicle motion is impacted within the same force range.Our chip-based force stimulation provides fast and highly parallelized data acquisition and allows us to examine a large variety of impactful parameters such as nanoparticle size, charge and force directionality. In summary, force-mediated stimulation of intracellular transport mechanics offers a huge potential for engineering nanotherapeutics as well as understanding neurodegenerative diseases and developmental disorders such as schizophrenia, autism or epilepsy.References:1. M. B. Steketee, et al., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2011, 108, 19042-19047.2. A. Kunze, et al., ACS Nano, 2015, 9, 3664-3676.
Terrestrial acidification and ecosystem services: effects of acid rain on bunnies, baseball, and Christmas trees.

Often termed “acid rain,” combined nitrogen and sulfur deposition can directly and indirectly impact the condition and health of forest ecosystems. Researchers use critical loads (CLs) to describe response thresholds, and recent studies on acid-sensitive biological indicators show that forests continue to be at risk from terrestrial acidification. However, rarely are impacts translated into changes in “ecosystem services” that impact human well-being. Further, the relevance of this research to the general public is seldom communicated in terms that can motivate action to protect valuable resources. To understand how changes in biological indicators affect human well-being, we used the STEPS (Stressor–Ecological Production function–final ecosystem Services) Framework to quantitatively and qualitatively link CL exceedances to ecosystem service impacts. We specified the cause-and-effect ecological processes linking changes in biological indicators to final ecosystem services. The Final Ecosystem Goods and Services Classification System (FEGS-CS) was used within the STEPS Framework to classify the ecosystem component and the beneficiary class that uses or values the component. We analyzed two acid-sensitive tree species, balsam fir (Abies balsamea) and white ash (Fraxinus americana), that are common in northeastern USA. These well-known species provide habitat for animals and popular forest products that are relatable to a broad audience. We identified 160 chains with 10 classes of human beneficiaries for balsam fir and white ash combined, concluding that there are resources at risk that the public may value. Two stories resulting from these explorations into the cascading effects of acid rain on terrestrial resources are ideal for effective science communication: the relationship between (1) balsam fir as a popular Christmas tree and habitat for the snowshoe hare, a favorite of wildlife viewers, and (2) white ash because it is used for half of all baseball bats, fine wood products, and musical instruments. Thus, rather than focusing on biological indicators that may only be understood or appreciated by specific stakeholders or experts, this approach extends the analysis to include impacts on FEGS and humans. It also lays the foundation for developing stakeholder-specific narratives, quantitative measures of endpoints, and for conducting demand-based valuations of affected ecosystem services.
Non-uniform control volume sizing methodology for relative humidity control of proton exchange membrane fuel cells

Abstract Real-time water management is a major ongoing challenge for PEM fuel cell technologies. Given the inherently distributed nature of the system, local conditions can change significantly from cell-to-cell. To compensate for this variance, a control-oriented PEM fuel cell model that is capable of capturing localized differences in operating conditions in real time is needed. To fulfill this need, the authors previously investigated the use of multiple, equally sized control volumes (CVs) to represent the cathode channel. This modification to the modeling architecture greatly improved the accuracy over a one CV model, which was incapable of capturing the stack vapor dynamics. However, because the relative humidity distribution in the stack is non-linear, equally sized CVs do not optimize the additional information gained from the multiple cathode CV approach. In this paper, an algorithm to optimally size CVs based on an analytical solution of the relative humidity profile in the cathode channel is presented. The analytical solution was found based on the vapor mass conservation equation in the cathode. This conservation equation includes consideration of electro-osmotic drag, concentration gradient based diffusion, vapor generation, and bulk fluid flow. The solution was validated by correcting the one CV model to match experimental data using the result of the analysis. After applying the analytical adjustment strategy to the one CV model, the dewpoint temperature predicted by the augmented one CV model was in good agreement with experimental results. The solution also revealed a coefficient that relates the current, flow rate, and membrane diffusion in a single term. This coefficient could be used for control decisions to avoid flooding issues in the stack. Furthermore, using the analytical RH profile equation, CVs can be optimally, unevenly sized to improve the modeling of local operating conditions.
PILOT SCALE ARC MELT SPINNING FOR TI RICH ALLOYS

For pilot arc melt spinning of Ti alloys, thermal behavior of the melt during arc heating has been studied with respect to arcing conditions. Based on 1 dim. steady state heat flow analysis, the results suggest that Ti alloy melting requires a large superheat and a steep temperature gradient while intermediate cooling is characteristic at the alloy-crucible interface inthe temperature range of 1200–1400°C. Some ribbon and flake Ti alloys were spun by the pilot arc melt spinning unit.
Brain Distribution of a Novel MEK Inhibitor E6201: Implications in the Treatment of Melanoma Brain Metastases.

Clinically meaningful efficacy in the treatment of brain tumors, including melanoma brain metastases (MBM), requires selection of a potent inhibitor against a suitable target, and adequate drug distribution to target sites in the brain. Deregulated constitutive signaling of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway has been frequently observed in melanoma, and mitogen-activated protein/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MEK) has been identified to be an important target. E6201 is a potent synthetic small-molecule MEK inhibitor. The purpose of this study was to evaluate brain distribution of E6201, and examine the impact of active efflux transport at the blood-brain barrier on the central nervous system (CNS) exposure of E6201. In vitro studies utilizing transfected Madin-Darby canine kidney II (MDCKII) cells indicate that E6201 is not a substrate of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and breast cancer resistance protein (Bcrp). In vivo studies also suggest a minimal involvement of P-gp and Bcrp in E6201's brain distribution. The total concentrations in brain were higher than in plasma, resulting in a brain-to-plasma AUC ratio (Kp) of 2.66 in wild-type mice. The brain distribution was modestly enhanced in Mdr1a/b-/-, Bcrp1-/-, and Mdr1a/b-/-Bcrp1-/- knockout mice. The nonspecific binding of E6201 was higher in brain compared with plasma. However, free-drug concentrations in brain following 40 mg/kg intravenous dose reach levels that exceed reported in vitro half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values, suggesting that E6201 may be efficacious in inhibiting MEK-driven brain tumors. The brain distribution characteristics of E6201 make it an attractive targeted agent for clinical testing in MBM, glioblastoma, and other CNS tumors that may be effectively targeted with inhibition of MEK signaling.
The fork in the road: A laryngeal filter airway foreign body.

Abstract Objective Upper aero-digestive tract foreign body management can be complicated and life threatening in both adult and pediatric populations. The variation seen with foreign bodies including shape, material, and duration of ingestion can impact clinical decision making and management. The objective of this report is to demonstrate a complicated case of upper airway obstruction by a plastic fork. Method This case report presents an adult with ingestion of an intact plastic fork with acute laryngeal and cervical esophageal obstruction. The position of the fork precluded intubation as it was blocking the laryngeal inlet. Results The report illustrates successful nasolaryngoscopy pre-operative evaluation, multi-disciplinary team airway management and subsequent operative airway management and fork removal. Conclusion Despite various concerns by both the Otolaryngology and Anesthesia services for airway establishment, sedation allowing for spontaneous ventilation through the fork prongs and adequate analgesia for direct laryngoscopy yielded successful removal of a plastic fork from the upper airway.
Measuring residence time distributions of wood chips in a screw conveyor reactor

Abstract In rotating screw conveyors both the average and the distribution of the residence time influence the extent and the uniformity of the transformation. Experimenters have applied two distinct experimental approaches to obtain the residence time distribution of granular solids in longitudinal reactors: 1) measuring the mass flow rate of product at the exit from the reactor in response to a step change (either positive or negative) in the mass flow rate of feedstock into the reactor or 2) measuring the appearance of a tracer in the flow exiting the reactor in response to either a pulse or a step change addition of tracer in the inlet. We found that all three methods reveal residence time distributions that are approximately normal (i.e., symmetrical and bell-shaped), but the distribution estimated from the pulse input of tracer exhibited a long trailing tail that was not detectable in either the positive or negative step changes. Second, we demonstrated that a normal probability plot proved valuable in displaying and analyzing the residence time distribution obtained by the pulse addition of tracer. Finally, we observed that all three methods yielded mean residence times that consistently differed from the nominal values. The positive step change averaged 8% shorter, the pulse addition of tracer averaged 7% longer, and the negative step change averaged 60% longer.
A Dangerous Servant and a Fearful Master: Why Florida’s Prescribed Fire Statute Should be Amended

Fire will not be denied its opportunity to burn through Florida’s forests. The citizens of Florida, however, can accept the responsibility of deciding how the forest will burn. Fire can be purposefully ignited under exact weather conditions, acting as a controlled but dangerous servant with a slim chance of escape or harm. Or, if Floridians refuse to accept any responsibility in proactively managing forest fire, nature will determine when the forest will burn. The fire will be a fearful master, raging through the forest with the potential to cause great harm to people, property, and the environment. In recognition of the important role that the intentional use of fire has in reducing wildfire hazard, not to mention its important ecological and economic functions, the Florida legislature enacted laws protecting fire practitioners from liability. These laws protect practitioners from liability as long as they are not grossly negligent in conducting the fire and meet certain requirements. Although this law is extremely important to fire practitioners, it can be interpreted as providing no protection if a legally set fire unexpectedly escapes and causes harm. This has the effect of discouraging landowners from conducting fire operations. This Note argues that, in order to encourage the men and women who are willing to accept the challenge of using intentional fire to reduce wildfire risk, the prescribed fire statute should be amended. INTRODUCTION 588 I. FIRE ECOLOGY AND THE HISTORY OF FIRE USE IN THE UNITED STATES 594 II. PRESCRIBED FIRE 598 A. The Benefits of Prescribed Fire 599 B. The Use of Prescribed Fire 601 ∗ J.D. Candidate 2013, University of Florida Levin College of Law; B.S. in Forestry, 2005, Clemson University; former Georgia Certified Burn Manager and Registered Forester. I would like to thank Zachary Prusak and Geoff Rich of the Nature Conservancy for bringing this issue to my attention. I would especially like to thank my wife, Molly, for her constant support and
Evidence on the role of banks in borrowers' disclosure

Banks that actively monitor borrowers acquire private information that gives them an information advantage relative to competing potential lender banks and dispersed bondholders and shareholders, who are relatively more reliant on public disclosures to obtain information about the firm. Banks benefit from this information advantage and, therefore, prefer less public dissemination of information that is available to them privately. I test this theory by examining changes in firms’ disclosures around covenant violations, which shift the control rights to creditors, who can then use their enhanced bargaining power to impose their preferences on various firm policies, including disclosure policies. Consistent with this theory, I find that managers reduce the extent to which they publicly disclose their private information after covenant violations.
REVIEW OF THE EROSION-CORROSION OF METALS AT HIGH TEMPERATURES

Publisher Summary The upper temperatures of heat cycles used in energy generation are limited by mechanical properties and resistance to attack by the ambient atmosphere. Although oxidation forms a passivating surface layer, solid particles in the hot gases can cause extensive damage by erosive action, which compromises the existence of a passive scale. Erosion–corrosion reactions are normally followed by measuring the weight change of the specimen as a function of time. The data must be interpreted with some caution due to erodent retention, particularly if the particles penetrated the metal surface. Studies of the erosion–corrosion of commercial alloys provide results for comparing alloy behavior, but it is more difficult to provide a detailed mechanistic interpretation of their behavior. The understanding about all erosion–corrosion mechanisms lies in a description of the way in which an erosive particle impact affects the surface oxide and surface layers of the metal. Under erosion, the lateral advance of the protective oxides is restricted and the surface is held in a state of extended transient oxidation in which all of the oxides that form are removed by erosion.
“Trump’s First Year in Asia: Accelerating a Long-term Trend”

What has been the impact of Donald J. Trump’s presidency on the place of the United States in East Asia? Trump already has shown a proclivity for upending the mainstream American consensus about grand strategy to East Asia, with the real possibility of a trade war with China or a shooting war with North Korea on the horizon. However, this article will place President Trump’s first year in office into a larger context of long-term decline of U.S. leadership and influence in East Asia, arguing that this trend has been underway for quite some time, and that Trump has not altered fundamentally this trajectory. Some of Trump’s actions may accelerate a decline in U.S. leadership, but by no means was Trump the first nor will he be the last U.S. president to deal with a swiftly changing East Asia. The region has been changing rapidly for decades, and there are no indications that this will stop anytime soon. However, continuing and gradual U.S. withdrawal from leadership does not mean less American-East Asia interaction. East Asia will remain the most important trading and investment region for the U.S. for the foreseeable future.
Mixed-Signal Neuromorphic Inference Accelerators: Recent Results and Future Prospects

Recent advances in dense, continuous-state nonvolatile memories have enabled extremely fast, compact, and energy-efficient analog and mixed-signal circuits. Such circuits are perfectly suited, in particular, for hardware implementations of the inference operation in advanced neuromorphic networks, which requires massive amounts of dot-product operations with low-to-medium precision. In this paper, we first review typical implementations of such mixed-signal circuits. We then describe some recent experimental demonstrations of prototype mixed-signal neuromorphic networks by our team, in particular, a mixed-signal inference accelerator with unprecedented speed and energy efficiency. The paper is concluded by outlining some urgently needed work, in particular the development of high-performance general-purpose inference accelerators, and discussing our preliminary results in this direction.
Leveraging dogs with spontaneous cancer to advance drug development

Abstract The fundamental similarities between canine and human cancers underscore the comparative utility of studying spontaneous cancers in pet dogs for accelerating the development of novel cancer therapeutics. Canine cancers typically recapitulate the disease biology and molecular and genetic complexities found in their human counterparts including response and resistance to treatment, intra/inter-tumoral heterogeneity, and activation of key signaling pathways that drive disease progression. Recent advances in characterization of the canine genome and the availability of canine specific reagents have facilitated inclusion of dogs with spontaneous cancer into drug development efforts with the goal of improving translational efficiencies. Such studies not only give pet dogs access to cutting edge treatments but also inform the drug development path in human medicine, providing a unique opportunity to obtain critical information regarding pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic relationships, evidence of biologic activity, and expected toxicities from novel therapeutics.
Becoming a Movement Society? Patterns in the Public Acceptance of Protest, 1985–2006

ABSTRACTA social movement society refers to a society in which protest is a standard, institutionalized feature of the political landscape. Is the United States steadily becoming such a society? Wh...
New Methods for Obtaining Metastable Metallic Alloys

The thermodynamic and kinetic conditions for metastable phase formation in three new areas are discussed: melt quenching by picosecond pulsed laser irradiation, amorphous phase formation by interdiffusion of elemental crystalline metals, and the non-equilibrium extension of the latter process by ion bombardment or mechanical deformation.
Online Curriculum in Transplant Psychiatry.

Background Transplant psychiatry is a subspecialty of consultation-liaison psychiatry that focused on evaluation, treatment, and research of mental health problems in organ transplant recipients and organ donors. To date, there is no literature about training programs that would ensure psychiatrists acquire the necessary knowledge and skills required to meet the clinical needs of these patients. Objectives The author describes the implementation of an online curriculum in transplant psychiatry created at the request of physicians located outside the United States. Method A 3-session online interactive course focused on knowledge relevant to transplant psychiatry was held in the fall of 2018. While the instructor was based in the United States, all attendees were located in Pakistan. The impact of the course was evaluated via precourse and postcourse surveys assessing knowledge level, interest in transplant psychiatry, and level of comfort with transplant psychiatry evaluations in the pretransplantation and posttransplantation settings. Results Nine participants attended at least one of the 3 sessions, and 6 attended all 3 sessions. There were no significant events regarding the implementation of the curriculum. The response rate to the questionnaire was 100% before the course and 88.8% after the course. Precourse and postcourse tests indicated the curriculum had a positive impact on the level of knowledge and level of confidence in addressing problems relevant to transplant psychiatry. Conclusions Online curriculum for highly specialized areas of psychiatry is feasible and can have a positive impact on knowledge levels and confidence in addressing clinical challenges.
Effect of a High-Fat Diet and Occupational Exposure in Different Rat Strains on Lung and Systemic Responses: Examination of the Exposome in an Animal Model.

The exposome is the measure of all exposures of an individual in a lifetime and how those exposures relate to health. The goal was to examine an experimental model integrating multiple aspects of the exposome by collecting biological samples during critical life stages of an exposed animal that are applicable to worker populations. Genetic contributions were assessed using strains of male rats with different genetic backgrounds (Fischer-344, Sprague Dawley, and Brown-Norway) maintained on a regular or high-fat diet for 24 weeks. At week 7 during diet maintenance, groups of rats from each strain were exposed to stainless steel welding fume (WF; 20 mg/m3 × 3 h/d × 4 days/week × 5 weeks) or air until week 12, at which time some animals were euthanized. A separate set of rats from each strain were allowed to recover from WF exposure until the end of the 24-week period. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and serum were collected at 7, 12, and 24 weeks to assess general health indices. Depending on animal strain, WF exposure and high-fat diet together worsened kidney toxicity as well as altered different serum enzymes and proteins. Diet had minimal interaction with WF exposure for pulmonary toxicity endpoints. Experimental factors of diet, exposure, and strain were all important, depending on the health outcome measured. Exposure had the most significant influence related to pulmonary responses. Strain was the most significant contributor regarding the other health indices examined, indicating that genetic differences possibly drive the exposome effect in each strain.
A New Greek Grammar for Students and Teachers: Review of The Cambridge Grammar of Classical Greek

Author(s): Mastronarde, DJ | Abstract: This article reviews The Cambridge Grammar of Classical Greek, a major resource for learners and teachers that incorporates many insights from modern linguistics. While not a full replacement for older reference grammars of ancient Greek, it is particularly valuable for its up-to-date approach to topics such as verbal aspect and the tenses, particles, and word order.
History Taking and Physical Examination

A large percentage of pre-, peri-, and post-menopausal women suffer from chronic pelvic pain, pelvic floor disorders, sexual pain, and or sexual dysfunction, which subsequently has devastating effects on their physical health, mental health, self-esteem, quality of life and intimate relationships (Goldstein and Kellogg-Spadt, 2018). It is estimated that caregivers recognize fewer than one half of patient’s sexual concerns (Beckmann and Ling, 2019). The purpose of this chapter is to provide an overview of common issues in the sexual health of women, with particular consideration to the role of pelvic floor muscle dysfunction, and to also outline how to obtain history and conduct physical exams.
Do We Really Need to Do Lung Transplants at Night

Purpose Donor lungs are insufflated with high oxygen levels during the transport, allowing continued aerobic metabolism. Complex operations are associated with more adverse outcomes, if performed at night. We hypothesized that for donors with cross clamp after 1:30 AM, the recipient operation can be delayed until morning with acceptable short-term outcomes. Methods This study was approved by IRB. From 3/18/18 to 10/16/20, the recipients of all donor lungs whose cross clamp was scheduled after 1:30 AM were prospectively enrolled in this study. Skin incision of the recipient operation was delayed until 6:30 AM. A contemporary cohort of lung transplant recipients who were matched in age, diagnosis group, Lung Allocation Score and the procedure type served as control and in-hospital outcomes were examined. Results During this interval, 27 lung transplant recipients were enrolled in this study. Outcomes were compared to a matched cohort. Data are presented in Table 1. 22 of the recipients were among the Diagnosis Group D, 2 each were in Diagnosis Groups B and C, and I in the Diagnosis group A. 19 of the 27 recipients underwent double lung transplantation. Mean ischemic allograft time was significantly higher in the study cohort (335 vs 245 min), although there was no difference in adverse outcomes when compared to a conventionally managed cohort. Conclusion For lung transplant recipients whose donor cross clamp is scheduled after 1:30 AM, the recipient operation can be safely delayed until 6:30 AM, with acceptable short-term outcomes. In experienced lung transplant centers, adoption of such policy may lead to alternative workflow and improved coverage schedule.
Primary Cutaneous Anaplastic Large-Cell Lymphoma (PC-ALCL): A review of the SEER database from 2005-2016

INTRODUCTION Primary cutaneous anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (PC-ALCL) is a rare T-cell lymphoma. A prior analysis of the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database reported only 157 cases of localized primary cutaneous CD30+ T-cell lymphoproliferative disorders (PC-ALCL and lymphomatoid papulosis) from 1973 to 2004. Our analysis of the SEER database since 2004 is the largest to date and our results improve our understanding of this disease and their potential prognostic factors. METHODS We used the SEER database to retrospectively identify patients. Survival was analysed using the Kaplan-Meier method, and log-rank tests were used to compare survival distributions. RESULTS There were 501 cases of PC-ALCL recorded from 2005 to 2016. Overall survival rates at 5 and 10 years were found to be 80.6% (95% CI 76.3%-84.3%) and 61.5% (95% CI 54.1%-68.1%) respectively. Age ≥ 60 years [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.09, P = 0.001 and use of chemotherapy (HR = 1.86, P = 0.01)] were associated with lower overall survival. In contrast to the 1973-2004 cohort, the head and neck site was not significantly associated with prognosis on multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION PC-ALCL has been increasingly recognized over the past decade. Age > 60 years and use of chemotherapy are associated with a worse outcome. Contrary to prior studies, location was not associated with poor survival.
[C-11]UCB-J uptake and Ab accumulation across the cognitive spectrum

119 Objectives: [11C]UCB-J is a PET radioligand which specifically binds to synaptic vesicle protein SV2A and is designed to reflect synaptic density. Synaptic loss along with beta-amyloid accumulation is a hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease. One of the aims of this ongoing study is to determine the relationship over time between synaptic density degradation as determined by lower [11C]UCB-J binding and higher beta-amyloid burden as determined by [11C]PiB binding. Methods: Eighteen participants (69 ± 6 years old, 11 female/7 male) were recruited from the Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center and the Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer’s Prevention study. Participants underwent comprehensive clinical and cognitive evaluation to determine the presence or absence of cognitive impairment according to NINDS/ADRDA criteria (McKahnn et al, 2011), and confirmed by a multidisciplinary consensus diagnostic panel. Each participant underwent [11C]UCB-J dynamic imaging to assess synaptic density, [11C]PiB dynamic imaging to assess beta-amyloid plaque accumulation. Volumetric MR imaging was performed to derive subject-specific regions of interest (ROIs) as well as to calculate the matrices required to transform the subject T1-w MR into MNI152 space. The PET images were smoothed, dynamically denoised, and registered to the T1-w MRI. Both scans were conducted over 70 minutes and binned into 5x2min and 12x5min frames. [11C]PiB DVR images were created using Logan graphical analysis (t* = 30min, k2’ = 0.15min-1, cerebellum grey matter reference region). Global amyloid burden was ascertained by taking the mean PiB DVR across eight bilateral regions of interest from the AAL atlas. Parametric [11C]UCB-J DVR images were created using SRTM2 (cerebellum reference region, k2’ between 0.01 and 1.0 min-1 with an increment of 0.01). Subject-specific hippocampus ROIs were defined using FreeSurfer (v7) segmentation of the participant’s MR image. Results: Among participants with cognitive impairment, [11C]UCB-J DVR was lower in the hippocampus (0.54 ± 0.07) relative to the cognitively unimpaired group (0.85 ± 0.17) (P = 0.04). When[c1] the global [11C]PiB DVR for all participants was compared to the [11C]UCB-J DVR in the hippocampus, an overall inverse relationship was exhibited irrespective of cognitive status (R2 = 0.10, P = 0.003) (Figure 1). Conclusions: These preliminary data suggest a relationship between synaptic density and beta-amyloid accumulation as defined using [11C]UCB-J and [11C]PiB DVR measures, respectively. Future work will further elucidate this relationship in the context of Alzheimer’s disease progression. Figure 1: Cognitively impaired participants showed decreased [11C]UCB-J uptake with variable [11C]PiB binding while the overall group showed a relationship that suggests increased [11C]PiB binding relates to decreased [11C]UCB-J uptake, even among participants who were cognitively unimpaired.