cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cleaning House: The Impact of Information Technology Monitoring on Employee Theft and Productivity

This paper examines how firm investments in technology-based employee monitoring impact both misconduct and productivity. We use unique and detailed theft and sales data from 392 restaurant locations from five firms that adopt a theft monitoring information technology IT product. We use difference-in-differences models with staggered adoption dates to estimate the treatment effect of IT monitoring on theft and productivity. We find significant treatment effects in reduced theft and improved productivity that appear to be primarily driven by changed worker behavior rather than worker turnover. We examine four mechanisms that may drive this productivity result: economic and cognitive multitasking, fairness-based motivation, and perceived increases of general oversight. The observed productivity results represent substantial financial benefits to both firms and the legitimate tip-based earnings of workers. Our results suggest that employee misconduct is not solely a function of individual differences in ethics or morality, but can also be influenced by managerial policies that can benefit both firms and employees. This paper was accepted by Serguei Netessine, operations management.
Information-theoretic approach to efficient adaptive path planning for mobile robotic environmental sensing

Recent research in robot exploration and mapping has focused on sampling environmental hotspot fields. This exploration task is formalized by Low, Dolan, and Khosla (2008) in a sequential decision-theoretic planning under uncertainty framework called MASP. The time complexity of solving MASP approximately depends on the map resolution, which limits its use in large-scale, high-resolution exploration and mapping. To alleviate this computational difficulty, this paper presents an information-theoretic approach to MASP (iMASP) for efficient adaptive path planning; by reformulating the cost-minimizing iMASP as a reward-maximizing problem, its time complexity becomes independent of map resolution and is less sensitive to increasing robot team size as demonstrated both theoretically and empirically. Using the reward-maximizing dual, we derive a novel adaptive variant of maximum entropy sampling, thus improving the induced exploration policy performance. It also allows us to establish theoretical bounds quantifying the performance advantage of optimal adaptive over non-adaptive policies and the performance quality of approximately optimal vs. optimal adaptive policies. We show analytically and empirically the superior performance of iMASP-based policies for sampling the log-Gaussian process to that of policies for the widely-used Gaussian process in mapping the hotspot field. Lastly, we provide sufficient conditions that, when met, guarantee adaptivity has no benefit under an assumed environment model.
Coyote use in an era of heightened border enforcement: New evidence from the Arizona-Sonora border

ABSTRACTThis article utilises unique survey data from wave I of the Migrant Border Crossing Study (n = 415) to examine how people facilitate unauthorised crossing attempts through southern Arizona. The analysis expands on previous studies in two important ways: first, it focuses exclusively on one of the busiest regions of the US–Mexico border for unauthorised migration in an era of heightened border enforcement, and second, it distinguishes between two main coyote types: ‘border business' and ‘interior’. Findings suggest migrants with more crossing experience and those who crossed during peak migration months have lower odds of travelling with ‘interior' coyotes, while with opposite is true for people with weak ties in their desired US destination. Results also indicate that women are more likely than men to travel with both coyote types. Conversely, more experienced migrants have higher odds of crossing with family/friends than either coyote type. First-time crossers also have greater odds of travelling...
The Reimer-Tiemann Reaction, Enhanced by Ultrasound

Abstract Significant improvement in yields for Reimer-Tiemann reactions are obtained when the reaction is carried out in the presence of ultrasound.
Quantum-defect theory of resonant charge exchange

We apply the quantum-defect theory for $\ensuremath{-}1/{R}^{4}$ potential to study the resonant charge exchange process. We show that by taking advantage of the partial-wave-insensitive nature of the formulation, resonant charge exchange of the type of ${}^{1}\phantom{\rule{-0.16em}{0ex}}S+{}^{2}\phantom{\rule{-0.16em}{0ex}}S$ can be accurately described over a wide range of energies using only three parameters, such as the gerade and the ungerade $s$-wave scattering lengths, and the atomic polarizability, even at energies where many partial waves contribute to the cross sections. The parameters can be determined experimentally, without having to rely on accurate potential-energy surfaces, of which few exist for ion-atom systems. The theory further relates ultracold interactions to interactions at much higher temperatures.
The geography of buzz: art, culture and the social milieu in Los Angeles and New York

Social scientists have long sought to understand the cultural production system. Such research elucidates the importance of the social milieu to cultural industries. We capture aggregate patterns of the social milieu and the geographical form it takes. We use a unique data set, Getty Images and geo-coded over 6000 events and 300,000 photographic images taken in Los Angeles and New York City, and conducted GIS and spatial statistics to analyze macro-geographical patterns. The five important findings include: (i) social milieus have nonrandom spatial clustering; (ii) these clustering tendencies may reinforce themselves; (iii) event enclaves demonstrate homogeneous spatial patterns across all cultural industries; (iv) the recursive nature of place branding may partially explain resulting cultural hubs; and (v) the media also clusters. These results have unintended consequences for our understanding of clustering more generally and place branding. The use of Getty data provides a new spatial dimension through which to understand cultural industries and city geographic patterns.
Spin relaxation in Rashba rings

Spin relaxation dynamics in rings with Rashba spin-orbit coupling is investigated using spin kinetic equation. We find that the spin relaxation in rings occurs toward a persistent spin configuration whose final shape depends on the initial spin polarization profile. As an example, it is shown that a homogeneous parallel to the ring axis spin polarization transforms into a persistent crown-like spin structure. It is demonstrated that the ring geometry introduces a geometrical contribution to the spin relaxation rate speeding up the transient dynamics. Moreover, we identify several persistent spin configurations as well as calculate the Green function of spin kinetic equation.
Developments in monetary aggregation theory

We survey the recent advances in monetary aggregation theory as well as the earlier literature on the subject. We discuss the limitations in the current state of our knowledge about monetary aggregation and speculate about productive areas for future research.
Electron microscopy study of nanocrystalline copper deformed by a microhardness indenter

The internal structure of nanocrystalline Cu near microhardness indentations was examined by electron microscopy. In addition to observing grain growth, the number of low-angle grain boundaries was seen to increase with indenter dwell time and decreasing temperature, suggesting stress-driven grain growth by grain rotation and coalescence. Dislocation structures and deformation twins are described. No impurities could be detected at grain boundaries.
Tuning the interactions of spin-polarized fermions using quasi-one-dimensional confinement.

We develop a multichannel scattering theory for atom-atom collisions in quasi-1D geometries. We apply our general framework to the low energy scattering of two spin-polarized fermions and show that tightly confined fermions have infinitely strong interactions at a particular value of the 3D, free-space $p$-wave scattering volume. Moreover, we describe a mapping of this strongly interacting system of two quasi-1D fermions to a weakly interacting system of two 1D bosons.
Giuseppe Verdi and the Italian Risorgimento

In the effort to show the extent to which the myth-making tendencies of the later 19th century have falsified the historical record, some non-Italian scholars have gone so far as to assert that Giuseppe Verdi and the operas he wrote were not prime figures in the Italian Risorgimento. But no Italian scholar has accepted this position, since it self-evidently flies in the face of so much evidence to the contrary. This paper will present evidence of the significance of Verdi and his music to several key moments of the Italian Risorgimento (the period leading up to the 1848 revolutions; the Cinque Giornate in Milan and their influence throughout the Italian peninsula; the strong Austrian reaction, particularly in the form of state censorship, to movements for national unity during the 1850s; the formation of the first Italian Parliament in 1861). Through a consideration of Verdi’s music and his letters it will demonstrate Verdi’s fundamental role in the Italian Risorgimento, a role that could be explicit in m...
Separation of dissipation from diffusion

We study velocity correlations induced by diffusion and dissipation in a simple dissipative dynamical system. We observe that diffusion, as a result of time reversible microscopic processes, leads to correlations with different spatial parity from those caused by dissipation, consisting of time irreversible microscopic processes. The velocity correlations observed conflict with the “molecular chaos” assumption of the Boltzmann equation. To account for the apparent correlation structures in our simple model system, we propose that they indicate geometric distortion of the phase space.
Chichibabin-Type Direct Alkylation of Pyridyl Alcohols with Alkyl Lithium Reagents

Direct C(6) alkylation of pyridyl alcohols can be achieved following an initial deprotonation of the hydroxy group. This transformation, which is believed to occur by a Chichibabin-type alkylation, avoids lateral deprotonation prior to pyridine ring alkylation and gives increased regioselectivity for C(6) over C(4) alkylation.
Electrorheology for Efficient Energy Production and Conservation

Recently, a theory and new technology has been developed, which utilizes a pulsed electric field to change the rheology of complex fluid to reduce its viscosity, while keeping the temperature unchanged. The method is energy efficient, universal, and applicable to all complex fluids with suspended particles in nanometers, sub-micrometers, or micrometers. This technology has been applied to crude oil and refinery fuels. While the applications are still developing, the results are quite impressive, indicating that electrorheology can play an important role in energy production, transportation, and conservation.
Should You Trust Your Money to a Robot

Computers are making more and more decisions for us, and increasingly so in areas that require human judgment. There is a palpable increase in machine intelligence across the touch points of our lives, driven by the proliferation of data feeding into intelligent algorithms capable of learning useful patterns and acting on them. A natural question to ask is how we should be thinking about the role of computers in managing our money. Should we trust our money to a robot? In an era of big data and machines to make sense of it all, do machines have an inherent advantage over humans? There is a surge of interest in Artificial Intelligence for financial prediction. Should we pay attention? Or is this an area where human judgment and input is always essential?
Temporal mindsets and self-regulation: The motivation and implementation of self-regulatory behaviors

Self-regulation requires connecting desired goals (benefits sought) with means of attainment (implementation plans). Individual differences in the consideration of future consequences (CFC) can influence self-regulation. Although a high- (low-) CFC orientation has generally been considered a preoccupation with future (present) events and needs, we argue that a complete characterization also includes the ability (less ability) to construct specific action plans. With a mix of lab and field studies, we demonstrate that either general implementation recommendations or distant benefits trigger planning and motivate self-regulation for high-CFC individuals. Specific implementation recommendations coupled with proximate benefits help low-CFC individuals plan and self-regulate. In Study 1, we measure CFC and vary the temporal location of benefits and specificity of implementation recommendations to motivate exercising and show that self-generated specific plans mediate self-regulatory intentions. In Study 2, we assess actual self-regulatory behaviors for participants in a walking program. This research has theoretical implications for the temporal construal and planning literatures and practical implications for increasing self-regulation among individuals who do not consider the long-term consequences of their current actions.
Cramér–Rao Lower-Bound Optimization of Flush Atmospheric Data System Sensor Placement

Flush atmospheric data systems take measurements of the pressure distribution on the forebodies of vehicles and improve the estimate of freestream parameters during reconstruction. These systems have been present on many past entry vehicles, but design of the pressure transducer suites and the placement of the sensors on the vehicle forebody have largely relied on engineering judgment and heuristic techniques. This paper develops a flush atmospheric data system design methodology using Cramer–Rao lower-bound optimization to define the smallest theoretical variance possible from the estimation process. Application of this methodology yields Pareto frontiers of possible optimal configurations and identifies the number of ports that serve as the point of diminishing returns. The methodology is tested with a simulated Mars entry, descent, and landing trajectory.
The Distributional Consequences of Recent Inflation

Income redistribution is an inevitable byproduct of inflation, simply because all prices do not move upward at the same rate. The most recent period of accelerated inflation in the United States, that is the period beginning in 1972 and continuing up to the present time, has been characterized by extremely diverse changes in income within agriculture because the prices for different commodities have peaked at different times and have risen by widely varying amounts. Income redistribution also has occurred because factor price ratios have changed. Appreciation in land values has redistributed income from new en-
Effect of Clinical Phenotype on Yield of Long QT Syndrome Genetic Testing

Objectives The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of clinical phenotype on the yield of genetic testing for congenital long QT syndrome (LQTS). Background Since the discovery of the first LQTS susceptibility genes in 1995, numerous genotype-phenotype relationships have emerged during the past decade of research genetic testing. In May 2004, LQTS genetic testing became a clinically available molecular diagnostic test. Methods Blinded to genetic test results, analysis of the clinical phenotype was performed in 541 consecutive unrelated patients referred to Mayo Clinic’s Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory for LQTS genetic testing from August 1997 to July 2004. Results The yield of genetic testing correlated significantly with the corrected QT interval (QTc) and clinical diagnostic score ranging from 0% when QTc was 480 ms (p Conclusions In this large cohort of unrelated patients referred for LQTS genetic testing, the clinical phenotype strongly correlated with the likelihood of elucidating a pathogenic mutation with the cardiac channel gene screen.
Highly site- and enantioselective Cu-catalyzed allylic alkylation reactions with easily accessible vinylaluminum reagents.

An efficient method for catalytic asymmetric allylic alkylation (AAA) of allylic phosphates with vinylaluminum reagents is reported. The vinylmetal reagents are prepared by reaction of commercially available DIBAL-H and a terminal alkyne. The resulting vinylaluminum reagent can be used directly, without isolation or purification. AAA reactions are promoted in the presence of 0.5−2.5 mol % of a readily available chiral N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complex and 1−5 mol % commercially available and air stable Cu salt (CuCl2·2H2O). The desired products are typically obtained within 2−12 h in 74% to 95% isolated yield, 77% to >98% ee, and in >98% E selectivity; >98% SN2‘ selectivity is obtained in all but one instance (90%). The hydroalumination/catalytic AAA sequence can be performed in a single vessel, on gram scale.
α-Arylation of 3-Aryloxindoles

A versatile method for the synthesis of 3,3-diaryloxindoles via Pd-catalyzed α-arylations or an SNAr reaction is described. The reaction proceeds using mild base, is tolerant of a variety of functional groups, and is capable of preparing hindered all-carbon quaternary centers.
The Rotation Curve of the Large Magellanic Cloud and the Implications for Microlensing

The rotation of the disk of the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is derived from the published radial velocities of 422 carbon stars. New aspects of this analysis include the propagation of uncertainties in the LMC proper motion with a Monte Carlo and a self-consistent modeling of the rotation curve and disk kinematics. The LMC rotation curve reaches a maximum circular velocity of 72 ± 7 km s-1 at R = 4.0 kpc and then declines. The rotation curve is well fitted by a truncated, finite-thickness exponential disk model with no dark halo, implying a total mass of 5.3 ± 1.0 × 109 M☉. The velocity dispersion in concentric radial bins from R = 0.5 to 5.6 kpc decreases from 22 to 15 km s-1 and then increases to ~20 km s-1 at larger radii. Constant-thickness disk models in virial equilibrium cannot be reconciled with the data even if the effects of LMC or Galactic dark halos are included. If the disk is virialized, the scale height rises from h = 0.3 to 1.6 kpc over the range of R = 0.5-5.6 kpc. Thus, the LMC disk is flared. We model the velocity dispersion at large radii (R > 6 kpc) as a maximal flared disk under the influence of the Galactic dark halo, which favors a mean density for the latter of ~ 2.5 × 10-4 M☉ pc-3 at the LMC distance. LMC stellar kinematics plays an important role in elucidating the nature of MACHOs, a dark population inferred from LMC microlensing. We have constructed a truncated and flared maximal disk model for the LMC that is kinematically based. Our model does not include a nonvirialized component such as tidal debris. The instantaneous probability of microlensing from LMC stars in our model is τ < 1.0 × 10-8 sec2 i, where i is the disk inclination. Our upper limit on the self-lensing optical depth is in good agreement with that obtained from less sophisticated models and is an order of magnitude too small to account for the MACHO microlensing signal.
RELIABLE QUANTUM COMPUTERS

The new field of quantum error correction has developed spectacularly since its origin less than two years ago. Encoded quantum information can be protected from errors that arise due to uncontroll...
Granular gases under extreme driving

We study inelastic gases in two dimensions using event-driven molecular-dynamics simulations. Our focus is the nature of the stationary state attained by rare injection of large amounts of energy to balance the dissipation due to collisions. We find that under such extreme driving, with the injection rate much smaller than the collision rate, the velocity distribution has a power-law high-energy tail. The numerically measured exponent characterizing this tail is in excellent agreement with predictions of kinetic theory over a wide range of system parameters. We conclude that driving by rare but powerful energy injection leads to a well-mixed gas and constitutes an alternative mechanism for agitating granular matter. In this distinct nonequilibrium steady state, energy cascades from large to small scales. Our simulations also show that when the injection rate is comparable with the collision rate, the velocity distribution has a stretched exponential tail.
Passive nutation damping using large appendages with application to Galileo

The use of large appendages for passive nutation damping is analyzed, and an analytical expression is developed to predict the nutation damping time constants for a large class of spacecraft including Galileo. It is shown that the use of large appendages for nutation damping can significantly degrade spacecraft stability margins and that the final design of the nutation damper must represent a tradeoff between the damping performance and the stability margin for sufficiently large appendages. The time constant derivation is outlined and the Galileo design is presented, including tradeoffs.
Subideals of operators II

A subideal (also called a J-ideal) is an ideal of a B(H)-ideal J. This paper is the sequel to Subideals of Operators where a complete characterization of principal and then finitely generated J-ideals were obtained by first generalizing the 1983 work of Fong and Radjavi who determined which principal K(H)-ideals are also B(H)-ideals. Here we determine which countably generated J-ideals are B(H)-ideals, and in the absence of the continuum hypothesis, which J-ideals with generating sets of cardinality less than the continuum are B(H)-ideals. These and some other results herein are based on the dimension of a related quotient space. We use this to characterize these J-ideals and settle additional questions about subideals. A key property in our investigation turned out to be J-softness of a B(H)-ideal I inside J, that is, IJ = I, a generalization of a recent notion of softness of B(H)-ideals introduced by Kaftal–Weiss and earlier exploited for Banach spaces by Mityagin and Pietsch.
DIENES FROM THE THERMOLYSIS OF DICOBALTHEXACARBONYL-COMPLEXED ENYNES : MECHANISTIC INSIGHT

Abstract Thermolysis of the hexacarbonyldicobalt complex of 1,6- or 1,7-enynes yields monocyclic 1,3-dienes. Deuterium labeling studies rule out an α-elimination as the mechanistic pathway for diene formation.
Using self-diagnosis to adapt organizational structures

The specific organization used by a multi-agent system is crucial for its effectiveness and efficiency. In dynamic environments, or when the objectives of the system shift, the organization must therefore be able to change as well. In this paper we propose using a general diagnosis engine to drive this process of adaptation, using the \tems\ modeling language as the primary representation of organizational information. Results from experiments employing such a system in the Producer-Consumer-Transporter domain are also presented.
Oikos and Domus: On constructive co-habitation with other creatures

Semi-urban ecotones exist on the periphery and in the midst of many human population centers. This article addresses the need for and nature of an ethos appropriate to inter-species contact in such zones. It first examines the historical and contemporary intellectual resources available for developing this kind of ethic, then surveys the range of possible relationships between humans and other animals, and finally investigates the morality of multi-species neighborhoods as a promising model. Discussion of these themes has the effect, in conclusion, of dismantling notorious dualisms traditionally associated with the geographic imagination (city/wild, human/animal, nature/culture).
Biology, politics, and the emerging science of human nature

In the past 50 years, biologists have learned a tremendous amount about human brain function and its genetic basis. At the same time, political scientists have been intensively studying the effect of the social and institutional environment on mass political attitudes and behaviors. However, these separate fields of inquiry are subject to inherent limitations that may only be resolved through collaboration across disciplines. We describe recent advances and argue that biologists and political scientists must work together to advance a new science of human nature.
Mitigating risks in cross-border acquisitions

Abstract Compared to domestic acquisitions, cross-border acquisitions present greater challenges for buyers. This article analyzes the use of contingent payments, joint ventures, and toehold investments as potential mechanisms for reducing uncertainty in cross-border acquisitions. Toehold investments and earnout payments are associated with larger gains to buyers in domestic acquisitions, but not in cross-border acquisitions. The results indicate that joint ventures can be an effective mechanism to ameliorate the uncertainty associated with cross-border acquisitions in the presence of severe valuation uncertainties and country investment risks.
A Hydrodynamic Analysis of Fluid Flow Between Meshing Spur Gear Teeth

Abstract : A one dimensional analysis of the fluid pumping action resulting from the meshing of spur gears was performed by writing a computer algorithm. Two separate analyses were conducted; one using incompressible and the other using compressible flow theory. The incompressible flow calculations correspond to heavily lubricated gears whereas the compressible flow calculations are representative of lightly lubricated gears. The analysis demonstrated that the velocity of the discharged fluid reached high velocities for both cases. The high meshing rate of the teeth along with the small discharge area is the cause for the high fluid velocities. Certain geometric design variables of the gears were seen to affect the peak velocities for each case. The variables most significantly affecting the peak velocity appear to be the drive ratio and the face width. The high velocities may contribute to the noise generated during meshing of gear teeth due to the jet noise as a result of the high velocity jets impinging on the enclosures surrounding the gears and the formation of shock waves at the exit plane of the teeth.
A New Silicon Lewis Acid for Highly Enantioselective Mannich Reactions of Aliphatic Ketone-Derived Hydrazones

The first general method for the highly enantioselective Mannich reaction of aliphatic ketimines is reported. A new, second generation chiral silane Lewis acid has been developed that promotes the reaction between ketone-derived hydrazones and silyl ketene acetals, providing the β,β-disubstituted β-amino esters with good enantioselectivity even for the hydrazone derived from 2-butanone (methyl vs ethyl, 91% ee). Several examples are provided, including a reaction with a substituted (propanoate-derived) silyl ketene acetal.
Stochastic Acceleration in the Galactic Center HESS Source

Stochastic acceleration of electrons interacting resonantly with a turbulent magnetic field in a small accretion torus appears to be the likely mechanism responsible for much of Sagittarius A*'s millimeter and shorter wavelength spectrum. The longer wavelength radiation is produced at larger radii by electrons either diffusing from smaller scales or accelerated in situ. An important prediction of this model is the ejection of a significant flux of relativistic protons from a magnetic-field-dominated acceleration site into the wind-shocked medium surrounding the black hole. Recently, several air Cerenkov telescopes, notably HESS, have detected TeV emission from the Galactic center, with characteristics hinting at a p-p-induced pion decay process for the ?-ray emission. Given (1) the size of this acceleration region measured in the radio band and (2) the wind-injected ISM mapped with Chandra using the diffuse X-rays, it is feasible to test the idea that protons accelerated within ~20 Schwarzschild radii of the black hole produce the TeV emission farther out. We show a fraction of TeV protons scattering about once within ~3 pc of Sagittarius A* and the proton power (~1037 ergs s-1) produced in concert with the 7 mm radio emission matches the TeV luminosity well. This model explains why the TeV source does not vary on a timescale of a year or less. The particle cascade generated by the p-p scatterings also produces bremsstrahlung, inverse Compton, and synchrotron emission at longer wavelengths from secondary particles. We compare these with current measurements and demonstrate that GLAST will detect this source during its one-year all-sky survey.
Branch-selective reductive coupling of 2-vinyl pyridines and imines via rhodium catalyzed C-C bond forming hydrogenation.

Hydrogenation of 2-vinyl azines 1a−1e in the presence of N-arylsulfonyl imines 2a−2l at ambient temperature and pressure employing cationic rhodium catalysts ligated by tri-2-furylphosphine results in regioselective reductive coupling to furnish branched products of imine addition 3a−3v, which embody modest to high levels of syn-diastereoselectivity. Catalytic coupling of 6-bromo-2-vinylpyridine 1a to imine 2l under an atmosphere of elemental deuterium provides deuterio-3l, with deuterium exclusively at the former β-position of the vinyl moiety. These data are consistent with a catalytic mechanism involving oxidative coupling of the vinyl azine and imine partners to furnish a cationic aza-rhodacyclopentane, which upon deuteriolytic cleavage releases the adduct and regenerates cationic rhodium(I) to close the catalytic cycle. These studies represent the first metal catalyzed reductive C−C couplings of vinyl azines.
A model experiment for Stand-Off Sensing

We report results for a potentially sensitive and specific remote sensing technique. The experiment uses an organic dye solution excited by short laser pulses. We show amplification and position-controlled creation of a signal.
A GENERAL APPROACH TO SUBSTITUTED ITACONATE ESTERS

Abstract A general approach to the synthesis of various itaconates including 3-substituted esters is presented. The complementarity of the approach is also shown.
Reduced Order Model Analysis for Two-Dimensional Molecular Dynamic Chain Structure Attached to an Atomic Force Microscope

Dynamic analysis and numerical simulation of a protein-ligand chain structure connected to a moving atomic force microscope (AFM) has been conducted. The elements of the chain are free to extend and rotate relative to each other in a two-dimensional plane. Sinusoidal base excitation of the cantilevered beam of the AFM is considered in some detail. Reduced order (dynamic) models are constructed using global modes for both linear and nonlinear dynamic systems with and without the “nearest neighbor assumption”. The agreement between the original and reduced order models (ROM) is very good even when only one global mode is included in the ROM for either the linear case or for the nonlinear case, provided the excitation frequency is lower than the fundamental natural frequency of the linear system. For higher excitation frequencies, more global modes are required. The computational advantage of the reduced order model is clear from the results presented.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
A thermally responsive tat-elastin-like polypeptide fusion protein induces membrane leakage, apoptosis, and cell death in human breast cancer cells

The thermally responsive elastin-like polypeptide (ELP) has great potential as a macromolecular drug delivery vehicle due to its ability to be actively targeted to solid tumors by application of focused hyperthermia. Since, the toxicity properties of a new therapeutic delivery vehicle are crucial to its utility as an effective delivery vehicle, we evaluated the cytotoxicity of a thermally responsive Tat-ELP1 in various cell lines in response to hyperthermia. We report that Tat-ELP1 was not cytotoxic at 37°C in SK-MEL-2, SKOV-3 and WI-38 cells, and only mildly toxic in the MCF-7 breast carcinoma cell line. Application of hyperthermia (42°C) in combination with Tat-ELP1 resulted in cytotoxicity in all cell lines tested, and this toxicity was most prominent in the MCF-7 cell line, which was chosen to study the mechanism behind this increased toxicity. We found that Tat-ELP1 combined with hyperthermia caused membrane leakage and apoptosis, resulting in cell death, but no hemolytic effect was observed on murin...
Counting symmetry classes of dissections of a convex regular polygon

Abstract This paper proves explicit formulas for the number of dissections of a convex regular polygon modulo the action of the cyclic and dihedral groups. The formulas are obtained by making use of the Cauchy–Frobenius Lemma as well as bijections between rotationally symmetric dissections and simpler classes of dissections. A number of special cases of these formulas are studied. Consequently, some known enumerations are recovered and several new ones are provided.
Privacy protection and transborder data flows

In the last decade there has been a dramatic increase in the growth of internationally operated computer-communication systems. In these systems, in essentially a single continuous operation, data are transmitted from terminals to computers in networks that may span several countries or several continents, the requested processing is performed, and results are returned. In other cases, data files are maintained online in international, remotely accessible networks. These networks are operated by vendors of remote computing and/or information services, industry associations, or private corporations (especially the so-called multinational corporations). Some of the data transmitted in these systems are personal data about individuals.
Robotic assistance for video-assisted thoracic surgical lobectomy: technique and initial results.

Objectives There is little experience with telerobotic assistance for video-assisted thoracic surgical lobectomy. We developed a technique for robotic assistance during video-assisted thoracic surgical lobectomy and report our initial results. Methods Video-assisted thoracic surgical lobectomy with the da Vinci Surgical System (Intuitive Surgical, Sunnyvale, Calif) was attempted in 34 patients (median age, 69.0 years; age range, 12-85 years). Robotic instruments were used for individual dissection of the hilar structures through 2 thoracoscopic ports and a 4-cm utility incision without rib spreading. Data on patient characteristics and perioperative results were collected prospectively. Results Robot-assisted video-assisted thoracic surgical lobectomy was accomplished in 30 patients (19 female and 11 male patients). Every type of lobectomy was performed. Four (4/34 [12%]) patients required conversion to thoracotomy. The majority of patients had non–small cell lung cancer (32/34 [94%]), and 1 patient each had a typical carcinoid tumor and an extranodal B-cell lymphoma. Every patient underwent an R0 resection. The median number of lymph node stations dissected with robotic assistance was 4 (range, 2-7). Operative mortality was 0%, with no in-hospital or perioperative deaths. Nine (26%) patients experienced National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria for Adverse Events version 3.0 grade 2 or 3 complications. The median chest tube duration was 3.0 days (range, 2-12 days), and the median length of stay was 4.5 days (range, 2-14 days). The median operative time was 218 minutes (range, 155-350 minutes). Conclusions Robot assistance for video-assisted thoracic surgical lobectomy is feasible and safe. The utility and advantages of robotic assistance for video-assisted thoracic surgical lobectomy require further refinement and study of the technique.
A Method For Eclipsing Component Identification in Large Photometric Datasets

We describe an automated method for assigning the most likely physical parameters to the components of an eclipsing binary (EB), using only its photometric light curve and combined color. In traditional methods (e.g. WD and EBOP) one attempts to optimize a multi-parameter model over many iterations, so as to minimize the chi-squared value. We suggest an alternative method, where one selects pairs of coeval stars from a set of theoretical stellar models, and compares their simulated light curves and combined colors with the observations. This approach greatly reduces the EB parameter-space over which one needs to search, and allows one to determine the components’ masses, radii and absolute magnitudes, without spectroscopic data. We have implemented this method in an automated program using published theoretical isochrones and limb-darkening coefficients. Since it is easy to automate, this method lends itself to systematic analyses of datasets consisting of photometric time series of large numbers of stars, such as those produced by OGLE, MACHO, TrES, HAT, and many others surveys.
Filtered algebraic algebras

Small and Zelmanov posed the question whether every element of a graded algebra over an uncountable field must be nilpotent, provided that the homogeneous elements are nilpotent. This question has recently been answered in the negative by A. Smoktunowicz. In this paper we prove that the answer is affirmative for associated graded algebras of filtered algebraic algebras. Our result is based on Amitsur's theorems on algebas over infinite fields.
Cultural adaptation of conversational style in intercultural computer-mediated group brainstorming

The ubiquity of international and intercultural collaboration over computer-mediated communication (CMC) raises questions about how culture, group cultural composition and medium influence communication. We conducted a laboratory study investigating the influences of individual cultural background (American versus Chinese), group cultural composition (same- versus mixed-culture groups), and communication medium (text-only versus video-enabled chatrooms) on the process of group brainstorming conversations. The paper presents an analysis of cultural adaptation focusing on whether and how individuals adapt their conversational behaviors when encountering group members from another culture. Chinese participants increased their responsiveness when working with American partners (i.e., mixed-culture groups). We also examine patterns of cultural adaptation by time and communication medium to gain insights for future research.
The two possible values of the chromatic number of a random graph

Given d ?? (0,??) let kd be the smallest integer k such that d < 2k log k. We prove that the chromatic number of a random graph G(n, d/n) is either kd or kd + 1 almost surely.
Wide-band low noise MM-wave SIS mixers with a single tuning element

Several SIS quasiparticle mixers have been designed and tested for the frequency range from 80 to 115 GHz. The sliding backshort is the only adjustable RF tuning element. The RF filter reactance is used as a fixed RF matching element. A mixer which uses a single 2×2 μm2 Pb-alloy junction in a quarter-height waveguide mount has a coupled conversion gain of GM(DSB)=2.6±0.5 dB with an associated noise temperature of TM(DSB)=16.4±1.8 K at the best DSB operation point. The receiver noise temperature TR(DSB) is 27.5±0.8 K for the mixer test apparatus. This mixer provides a SSB receiver noise temperature below 50 K over the frequency range from 91 to 96 GHz, the minimum being TR(SSB)=44±4 K. Another mixer with an array of five 5×5 μm2 junctions in series in a full-height wave-guide mount has much lower noise temperature TM(DSB)=6.6±1.6 K, but less gain GM(DSB)=−5.1±0.5 dB.
Kailuins A–D, new cyclic acyldepsipeptides from cultures of a marine-derived bacterium

Abstract Four new cyclic acyldepsipeptides ( 1–4 ), assigned the trivial names kailuins A–D, have been isolated from liquid cultures of a Gram-negative bacterium (BH-107) obtained from driftwood collected at Kailua beach, Oahu. Structure elucidation employed 2-D NMR analyses, HRFABMS, and chemical derivazations. Kailuins A–D exhibited mild cytotoxicity when tested against certain human tumor cell lines.
Collective Motions of Heterogeneous Swarms

The emerging collective motions of swarms of interacting agents are a subject of great interest in application areas ranging from biology to physics and robotics. In this paper, we conduct a careful analysis of the collective dynamics of a swarm of self-propelled heterogeneous, delay-coupled agents. We show the emergence of collective motion patterns and segregation of populations of agents with different dynamic properties; both of these behaviors (pattern formation and segregation) emerge naturally in our model, which is based on self-propulsion and attractive pairwise interactions between agents. We derive the bifurcation structure for emergence of different swarming behaviors in the mean field as a function of physical parameters and verify these results through simulation.
Law of the wall for two-phase turbulent boundary layers

Abstract A two-phase logarithmic law of the wall for isothermal bubbly turbulent boundary layer is developed. Total boundary layer liquid turbulent stress is estimated by the sum of bubble induced local stress and shear induced stress. Boussinesq turbulent viscosity approximation is assumed to be valid for both stress components. A proportionality coefficient was introduced to account for inherently non-linear interaction between shear and bubble induced turbulence fields. The two-phase wall law was implemented in CFX4.2 computational fluid dynamics program. A better agreement with experimental data was achieved when the new wall law was employed rather than conventional single-phase law.
Proposed Magnetic and Allied Observations during the Total Solar Eclipse of May 29, 1919

SPECIAL magnetic and allied observations will be made at certain stations inside and outside the shadow belt of the total solar eclipse of May 29 next by the Department of Terrestrial Magnetism of the Carnegie Institution of Washington and by various magnetic observatories, institutions, and individuals. The probable stations of the Department of Terrestrial Magnetism are (1) La Paz, Bolivia; (2) Huancayo (north of belt of totality); (3) near Sobral, Brazil; (4) Ile Principe or Libreville, French Congo; and (5) various field stations within the zone of visibility. At station (3) complete magnetic and electric observations will be made.
Financial instability contagion: a dynamical systems approach

We build a multi-agent dynamical system for the global economy to investigate and analyse financial crises. The agents are large aggregates of a subeconomy, and the global economy is a collection of subeconomies. We use well-known theories of dynamical systems to represent a financial crisis as propagation of a negative shock on wealth due the breakage of a financial equilibrium. We first extend the framework of the market instability indicator, an early warning signal defined for a single economy as the spectral radius of the Jacobian matrix of the wealth dynamical system. Then, we formulate a quantitative definition of instability contagion in terms thereof. Finally, we analyse the mechanism of instability contagion for both single and multiple economies. Our contribution is to provide a methodology to quantify and monitor the level of instability in sectors and stages of a structured global economic model and how it may propagate through its components.
A Partial Oxidation Staging Concept for Gas Turbines Using Broadened Specification Fuels

A partial oxidation staging concept for gas turbine combustors using broadened specification fuels has been described and elements of its experimental verification have been presented. The concept is proposed as a means of controlling gaseous pollutant emissions to ultralow levels while maintaining acceptable lean blowout limits. Paper No. 79-GT-169.
Homogenization of Temperature-Dependent Thermal Conductivity in Composite Materials

Of the various homogenization approaches, the asymptotic expansion homogenization (AEH) approach for homogenizing nonlinear composite material properties continues to grow in prominence due to its ability to handle complex microstructural shapes while relating continuum fields of different scales. The objective is to study the AEH approach for nonlinear thermal heat conduction with temperature-dependent conductivity. First, two approaches are proposed to investigate the sensitivity of the homogenized conductivity to higher-order terms of the asymptotic series. Under conditions of symmetry such as in unidirectional composites, the two approaches give the same homogenized properties. Then validations are shown for unidirectional composites for changing volume fraction and temperature. The validations are performed using measurements and analytical formulas available in the literature
Sensitivity of frozen section examination of pelvic lymph nodes for metastatic prostate carcinoma.

Background. A Total Quality Improvement review of frozen section diagnoses yielded four sequential false-negative frozen section diagnoses in lymph nodes in the evaluation of metastases from prostate carcinoma. Because these results appeared to differ from the department's overall frozen section experience, frozen section diagnoses of pelvic lymph nodes in patients with prostate carcinoma were reviewed to benchmark the department's performance. Methods. All 220 pelvic lymph node frozen section samples from 110 patients with prostate carcinoma from January, 1986 to July, 1993 at Bridgeport Hospital (BH) were reviewed, and the department's frozen section diagnostic efficiency was compared with: (1) all BH frozen section procedures performed during the same period; (2) pelvic lymph node frozen section analysis and (3) imaging techniques for prostate carcinoma from other institutions found in MEDLARS literature searches from 1973 to 1993. Results. Frozen section diagnostic efficiency for patients with prostate carcinoma from BH was 93.6% (sensitivity 63.2%, specificity 100%) compared with (1) 98% for all BH frozen section analyses (sensitivity 99%, specificity 98%); (2) 90.1% for MEDLARS search pelvic lymph node frozen section prostate carcinoma analyses (sensitivity 66.5%, specificity 100%); and (3) 88% for MEDLARS search magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) pelvic lymph node prostate carcinoma (sensitivity 41%, specificity 97%). Conclusions. Frozen section diagnosis of pelvic lymph nodes approaches the overall diagnostic efficiency of frozen section analysis and is more sensitive for the diagnosis of prostate carcinoma in pelvic lymph nodes than is MRI because more than half of the metastases are smaller than the 1.0-cm resolution limit of the MRI. False-negative frozen section diagnoses (67% sensitivity) occur because of errors in sampling microscopic metastases. Cancer 1995; 76: 661–8.