cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Copyright's digital deputies: DMCA-plus enforcement by Internet intermediaries

In the years since passage of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (“DMCA”), the copyright industries have demanded that online intermediaries — both those covered by the DMCA and those falling outside the statute’s ambit — do more than the law requires to protect their intellectual property rights. In particular, they have sought new ways to reach and shutter “pirate sites” beyond the reach of United States law. Their demands have been answered through an expanding regime of nominally voluntary “DMCA-plus” enforcement. This chapter surveys the current landscape of DMCA-plus enforcement by dividing such enforcement into two categories: Type 1 and Type 2. Type 1 DMCA-plus enforcement is cooperation by DMCA-covered intermediaries over and above what is required for safe harbor. Type 2 DMCA-plus enforcement is cooperation by intermediaries whose activities fall outside the scope of the DMCA’s safe harbors and who are not liable for their customers’ copyright infringements under secondary liability rules. As the gap widens between what the law requires and what intermediaries are agreeing to do on a voluntary basis, there is reason to be concerned about the expressive and due process rights of users and website operators, who have no seat at the table when intermediaries and copyright owners negotiate “best practices” for mitigating online infringement, including which sanctions to impose, which content to remove, and which websites to block without judicial intervention.
Multiplex MassTag-PCR for respiratory pathogens in pediatric nasopharyngeal washes negative by conventional diagnostic testing shows a high prevalence of viruses belonging to a newly recognized rhinovirus clade

Background Respiratory infections are the most common infectious diseases in humans worldwide and are a leading cause of death in children less than 5 years of age.
Effect of a Metabolic Stimulant on Ammonia Volatilization from Broiler Litter

SUMMARY High NH3 concentrations in broiler and turkey houses can adversely affect bird performance and the environment when exhausted into the atmosphere. Acidifying amendments have been used in poultry houses to reduce NH3 levels, but the acidifiers are caustic and may not be effective for the entire growout of 8 to 9 wk. In this 45-d study, the effect of a metabolic stimulant (biostimulant), Bio-Kat, on exhaust NH3 concentrations from chambers containing broiler litter (supplemented daily with layer manure slurry) was evaluated. Average NH3 concentration in the exhaust air from the chambers containing Bio-Kat-treated litter was reduced by 61% compared with untreated litter. Also, ammoniacal-N concentration in the Bio-Kat-treated litter was double that of untreated litter at the end of the study. The Bio-Kat amendment was most effective during the first 10 to 12 d, and its efficacy decreased over time. Additional work is required to evaluate the more concentrated formulation (for duration of effectiveness and application rate) and identify the proper method of application (i.e., incorporation vs. broadcasting on the surface).
A random coefficient growth curve analysis of mental development in low‐birth‐weight infants

In many medical studies, longitudinal data are collected on each of a sample of patients. The objectives of such studies often are: to estimate and test bivariate or multivariate relationships within each of several groups of patients from these repeated measures data; to compare these relationships among groups; and to test for the effects of baseline covariates on the relationships. This paper illustrates the use of statistical methods for growth curve analysis recently proposed by Vonesh and Carter for achieving these goals by relating a measure of preschool cognitive development to age in four race by sex groups of low-birth-weight infants. Significant declines in Bayley's Mental Development Index (MDI) with increasing age were found in all groups. Birth-weight did not significantly influence the rate of decline but did influence the overall level of performance. Even so, in the group most comparable to Bayley's normative population, predicted MDI was near the norm even for extremely low-birth-weight infants (that is, 1000 grams). Although there is some risk of mental deficit associated with prematurity, eventual developmental delays in low-birth-weight infants frequently are acquired with age. The rate of decline in MDI was significantly associated with race and mother's education. Assumptions required for the valid application of these methods are discussed and tested in the setting of this applied problem. The assumptions appeared valid in this application. We conclude with a brief discussion of available alternatives when the assumptions are violated and point to areas for future research.
EMPRR: a high-dimensional EM-based peicewise regression algorithm

We propose a novel general piecewise surface regression model that allows for arbitrary functions to be used in each piece, and arbitrary boundary swfaces between pieces. We also give an EM-based algorithm for this model, EMPRR, that scales to high dimensions. We compare EMPRR's performance with those of model trees and functional trees, two regression tree learning methods, on synthetic piecewise data and benchmark data sets. Our results show that EMPRR outperforms the other two methods on the synthetic data sets and performs competitively on the benchmark data sets while generating accurate and compact models.
Calorimetric determination of the cavity-gas calibration factor Ngas

In the recently published AAPM protocol for the dosimetry of high‐energy photons and electrons, the response of an ionization chamber is defined as the dose to the gas in the chamber per unit electrometer reading, N gas. Using a graphitecalorimeter,N gas has been determined for a Farmer‐type ionization chamber using 4‐ and 25‐MV x rays. The procedure was to measure the dose to graphite using the calorimeter, and then obtain the response of the chamber at the same depth in a graphite phantom. Equation (9) of the AAPM protocol was then used to calculate N gas. The values of N gas determined with the calorimeter are within 1% of N gas calculated according to the AAPM protocol, using the 6 0Co exposure‐calibration factor.
Exercise Dependence in a Pregnant Runner

Exercise has many benefits for both nonpregnant and pregnant patients; however, excessive repetitive exercise can be a sign of exercise dependence. Patients who are exercise dependent are at risk for physical injury and might exhibit psychosocial dysfunction similar to that experienced by patients with other dependencies. This case report describes an exercise-dependent patient who sustained a serious fracture when she continued a vigorous exercise program late into her pregnancy despite marked warning signs. Following a brief historical review, this article focuses on the clinical manifestation and management recommendations for patients with exercise dependence.
The Taxation of Mutual Fund Investors: Performance, Saving and Investment

In order to increase personal saving and investment and to promote tax neutrality among various investment vehicles, the tax treatment of capital gains unrealized by mutual fund shareholders should be modified. The current policy of taxing mutual fund capital gain distributions unfairly discriminates against taxpayers seeking the investment benefits of diversification through mutual funds instead of through direct ownership of stocks. Therefore, the practice of taxing forced distributions of capital gains to mutual fund shareholders should be changed to allow for a deferral of taxation on reinvested capital gain distributions. Until shareholders realize a capital gain through the sale of an asset, no tax liability should incur. Since mutual funds are a popular vehicle for saving and investment of middle-income households, this tax reform would greatly increase the incentives for these people to invest and save for their future by increasing their after-tax rate of return. A tax deferral on mutual fund capital gain distributions as proposed in H.R. 168, sponsored by Rep. Jim Saxton (R-NJ), could increase the after-tax return by almost 15 percent over a 30-year period for many mutual fund shareholders. For a hypothetical taxpayer with an initial $10,000 investment in a mutual fund that returns 10 percent a year, the deferral on capital gain distributions as proposed in H.R. 168 would amount to $15,055 over a 30-year period after taxes. This amounts to approximately 150 percent of the original $10,000 investment. A change in the tax treatment of mutual funds would have a beneficial impact on all owners of mutual funds, but the benefits would primarily help those making less than $100,000 a year - 81% of households owning mutual funds, with 39% of households owning mutual funds earning less than $50,000 a year. A deferral mechanism, as proposed under H.R. 168, is relatively simple and would not result in a significant paperwork burden for mutual funds or their shareholders.
High-Density Lipoprotein Subfractions and Cholesterol Efflux Capacities After Infusion of MDCO-216 (Apolipoprotein A-IMilano/Palmitoyl-Oleoyl-Phosphatidylcholine) in Healthy Volunteers and Stable Coronary Artery Disease Patients

Objective—To determine effects of single ascending doses of MDCO-216 on high-density lipoprotein (HDL) subfractions in relation to changes in cholesterol efflux capacity in healthy volunteers and in patients with stable angina pectoris. Approach and Results—Doses of 5- (in volunteers only), 10-, 20-, 30-, and 40-mg/kg MDCO-216 were infused during 2 hours, and plasma and serum were collected during 30 days. Plasma levels of HDL subfractions were assessed by 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis, immunoblotting, and image analysis. Lipoprotein particle concentrations and sizes were also assessed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR). There was a rapid dose-dependent increase of total apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) in pre-β1, α-1, and α-2 HDL levels and decrease in α-3 and α-4 HDL. Using a selective antibody apoA-IMilano was detected in the large α-1 and α-2 HDL on all doses and at each time point. ApoA-IMilano was also detected at the α-4 position but only at high doses. 1H-NMR analysis similarly showed a ...
Travel web-site design: information task-fit, service quality and purchase intention.

Abstract Several studies have explored how buyers form intentions to purchase products online. However, few studies have focused on the role that information-task fit and website design quality exert on perceived service quality and purchase intent. The data used for this study was gathered during experiments conducted on Amazon's Mechanical Turk's crowd sourcing platform. The results indicated that website design influenced perceived product quality and online purchase intentions. The implications of these results for future research and website design are presented.
Parallel Computing of Three-Dimensional Monte Carlo Simulation of Transient Radiative Transfer in Participating Media

A three-dimensional transient radiative transport model using Monte Carlo (MC) method was implemented in a Beowulf-class parallel computer system. The main purpose of this study is to simulate the light pulse transport inside the absorbing and scattering media such as biological tissues. The threedimensional results for the case of infinite height and width but finite thickness configuration have good agreement with our prior one-dimensional MC results. The major advantage of MC method is its flexibility and simplicity to simulate the photon movement in arbitrary geometry and complex boundary condition. Since the error bound of MC method is inversely proportional to the square root of the number of statistical samplings, it requires a large number of samples to reach the satisfactory accuracy. Therefore, the primary drawback of MC methods is that it is a computationally intensive method. However, the method is very adaptable to parallel computing, i.e., coarse grained algorithm. Parallel computing is introduced to improve the performance of this method. The parallel system is based on a cluster of commodity-class processors with a standard MassagePassing-Interface (MPI). MPI is a library of subprograms. It is chosen as a tool to implement parallel programming for its portability to other similar systems and the very low cost compared to the conventional supercomputer systems. NOMENCLATURE a absorption coefficient, 1/m c propagation speed of radiation transport in the medium, m/s G incident radiation or integrated intensity, W/m2
Nanoindentation and Magneto-Optical Study of Oxidized Co Thin Films

We have studied the mechanical and magneto-optical properties of postdeposition oxidized Co thin films. Oxidization process leads to the formation of double-layered structure of cobalt oxide on top of metallic cobalt. The nanoindentation measurements show decrease in hardness and Young’s modulus at low annealing temperature and are related to increasing porosity of the film. The magneto-optical Kerr effect (MOKE) reveals dependence of the MOKE spectra on annealing temperature. The increased coercivity of the annealed films has been observed by MOKE and is related to the structure of the film.
The impact of a smoke-free policy on environmental tobacco smoke exposure in public housing developments.

Abstract Background Smoke-free housing policies have the potential to reduce secondhand smoke (SHS) exposures for residents of multi-unit housing. Since common areas represent a pathway of SHS movement between units, smoke-free policies would be expected to reduce SHS in these microenvironments. Methods Week-long air nicotine and PM 2.5 (particulate matter below 2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter) samples were collected in the common areas of 10 Boston Housing Authority (BHA) and 6 Cambridge Housing Authority (CHA) buildings from January 2012 to October 2013. We also measured one outdoor PM level at each study building. Samples from BHA included pre and post- smoke-free policy measurements. Each development was visited three times over the course of the study period. The effect of the smoking ban on indoor PM 2.5 was examined using generalized mixed effect models to accommodate repeated measurement at each site. Changes in nicotine concentrations were modeled using quantile mixed regression to reduce the impact of outliers. Results After controlling for season, site, and background PM 2.5 concentrations, PM 2.5 levels were 4.05 μg/m 3 (p-value = 0.09) lower in BHA after the smoke-free policy was implemented in the summer of 2012, compared with CHA developments, which had no smoking policy in place. Similarly, nicotine levels decreased by 57% (p-value = 0.08) in Boston relative to Cambridge after the ban. Conclusions Our findings support the use of smoke-free policies as an effective tool to reduce SHS exposure and protect non-smokers, especially residents of multi-unit housing.
Radiometric Consistency in Source Specifications for Photolithography

Mask simulations are made consistent with the brightness theorem if the source map is rescaled by pixel-solid-angle. Standard radiometry factors preserve consistency during propagation, and are derivable from rigorous vector diffraction integrals.
COMMUNICATION OF BENEFITS AND RISKS OF MEDICAL RADIATION: A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE

X-rays were discovered by Wilhelm Rontgen in 1895. Within one year, benefits of x-rays, such as visualization of fractures, and detriments, such as x-ray dermatitis, were recognized. Nobel Laureates Pierre and Marie Sklodowska Curie discovered the radioactive element radium in 1898, and a year later the application of radiation to cure cancer was reported. A significant price was paid for this: Marie Curie died of aplastic anemia related to her radiation exposure, and her daughter Irene Joliot Curie, Nobelist for radiochemical research, died of radiation-induced leukemia. Internationally developed radiation protection recommendations were formalized starting in the late 1920s. The increasing use of ionizing radiation in medical diagnosis and radiation therapy has brought significant societal benefits. Known risks of therapeutic radiation include coronary artery disease and secondary malignancy. However, recently concerns have been raised of possible very small but incremental increases in malignancies due to diagnostic medical radiation. Patients are largely unaware of, and referring physicians and even radiologists often underestimate, the carcinogenic effects of radiation. There is a need to determine the appropriateness of imaging tests that use ionizing radiation prior to performance; optimize imaging protocols to reduce unnecessary radiation; include patients in the decision process and encourage and enable them to track their radiation exposure; and promote education about medical radiation to patients, referring physicians, radiologists, and members of the public. The basic radiation protection principles of justification, optimization, and application of dose limits still pertain.
Differential Responses to Preemergence and Postemergence Atrazine in Two Atrazine-Resistant Waterhemp Populations

Agronomy Journa l • Volume 108 , I s sue 3 • 2016 Waterhemp is a diffi cult-to-control weed in maize, soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr], and grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] production, due to its competitive ability, outcrossing nature, high degree of genetic diversity, and resistance to multiple herbicide sites-ofaction (Horak and Loughlin, 2000; Hager et al., 2002; Steckel and Sprague, 2004; Steckel, 2007; Heap, 2015). Atrazine is still commonly used in maize and grain sorghum for PRE or POST control of waterhemp (Anderson et al., 1996) and other annual dicot weeds, in spite of hundreds of cases of triazine resistance occurring within Amaranthus spp. worldwide (Heap, 2014, 2015). Previous research reported that elevated rates of atrazine metabolism via GST activity contribute to atrazine POST resistance within two waterhemp populations (Ma et al., 2013). Th e MCR and ACR are both resistant to atrazine POST, and their responses have been compared with an herbicide-sensitive population, WCS (from Wayne County, Illinois) (Patzoldt et al., 2005; Hausman et al., 2011; Ma et al., 2013). Diff erences in PRE vs. POST activity of atrazine among several atrazine-resistant waterhemp populations identifi ed from Illinois were noted in previous studies (Patzoldt et al., 2003, 2005). In particular, an atrazine-resistant waterhemp population from Illinois (diff erent than MCR and ACR) was not resistant to atrazine PRE at a rate of 1.5 kg ha–1 (Patzoldt et al., 2003). Moreover, the ACR and MCR populations were not controlled but responded equally to atrazine POST at the rate of 560 g ha–1 (Hausman et al., 2011), and both populations demonstrated almost identical rates of atrazine metabolism (Ma et al., 2013) when 14C-atrazine was supplied using an excised-leaf assay (Ma et al., 2015). In addition to waterhemp, other dicot weed populations (most notably Abutilon theophrasti Medic.) have displayed non target-site resistance (NTSR) to atrazine POST (Anderson and Gronwald, 1987; Gronwald et al., 1989; Gray et al., 1996), and each has displayed enhanced rates of rapid metabolism via glutathione-atrazine conjugation (catalyzed by elevated GST activity) as the mechanism of resistance (Anderson and Gronwald, 1991; Gray et al., 1996). Th is is an important physiological factor to consider when studying NTSR mechanisms in weeds because GST enzymes are encoded by nuclear genes (Anderson and Gronwald, 1987; Patzoldt et al., 2003; Frova, 2006). In contrast, the target site for atrazine Differential Responses to Preemergence and Postemergence Atrazine in Two Atrazine-Resistant Waterhemp Populations
Clinical analysis of 92 cases of intracranial hemorrhage due to late Vitamin K deficiency

【Objective】 To study the etiological factors,method of treatment and preventive measure of intracranial hemorrhage due to late Vitamin K deficiency.【Methods】 A retrospective study was carried out to analyze the clinical features and outcome of intracranial hemorrhage due to late Vitamin K deficiency in 92 infants admitted to our hospital.The risk factors for intracranial hemorrhage associated with Vitamin K deficiency included exclusively breast-fed infant(83/92),diarrhea(30/92),liver dysfunction(39/92) and history of antibiotics(28/92).All patients were treated by giving Vitamin K,repelling convulsion,lowering encephalic pressure,transfusing fresh blood and support treatment.Among them,13 cases were performed phlebotomy through the dura mater,7 cases were transferred to surgical department for clearance of the subdural hematoma.【Results】Seventy-six cases(76/92) were healed,two(2/92) died,fourteen(14/92) gave up treatment.Twelve survival infants were followed up,in which 10 had sequelae in varying degrees.【Conclusions】 The early diagnosis and proper treatment of late Vitamin K deficiency bleeding,especially Vitamin K prophylaxis are of much clinical significance in raising cure rate and reducing mortality rate and disability rate.We suggest that neonates receive Vitamin K1 intramuscularly after delivery in every maternity hospital.The infants with exclusively breast-fed younger than three months should receive vitamin K when they are sick by chronic diarrhea,durative jaundice,liver and gall bladder diseases,application of antibiotics and malabsorption.
APPLICATION AND PROSPECTS OF POLYMER THICKENER USED IN WATER-BASE FRACTURING FLUIDS

The thickener is a main chemical component in fracturing fluids, which is related to the properties of the fracturing fluid and the results of hydraulic fracturing. There are a lot kinds of polymer thickeners in use and they can be categorized as natural polyamyloses and their derivatives and synthesized polymers. Among them, the guar gums and their derivatives have been put into the most extensive use. In the future the modified starch, microamylose and synthesized polymers should be developed with the properties of non residuals, the slightest harm ,anti-shearing and high temperature stability, etc.
Analysis of sanitation condition monitoring in swimming place in Yuxi

Objective To understand the health condition of swimming places in Yuxi in 2012,based on analysis of 290 swim items and 112 slippers. Methods The samples were detected and evaluated in accordance with related standards. Results The qualified rates of swimming pool water had no difference among different years. The top three unqualified items were residual chlorine,urea and total number of bacteria. Chlorine concentration was especially high. Conclusion There are still some problems about the sanitary fittings and swimming water quality of swimming places,need to strengthen supervision.
Limitations of Current Objective Monitors and Opportunities to Overcome These Problems

The myriad of objective monitors currently available, their differing measurement features and capacity, and the tactics of commercial enterprise, when mixed together with the multiple purposes of scientific studies and the inability of investigators to reach an academic consensus on standardized protocols for the measurement of habitual physical activity are all grounds for concern as research in this area seeks to move forwards. On the academic front, collaboration, sharing, standardization, and systematic knowledge creation seem to offer the optimum path if the promise of objective monitoring is to be realized and data are to become accessible equally to researchers, practitioners and the general public.
The complexity of interpreting genomic data in patients with acute myeloid leukemia

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous neoplasm characterized by the accumulation of complex genetic alterations responsible for the initiation and progression of the disease. Translating genomic information into clinical practice remained challenging with conflicting results regarding the impact of certain mutations on disease phenotype and overall survival (OS) especially when clinical variables are controlled for when interpreting the result. We sequenced the coding region for 62 genes in 468 patients with secondary AML (sAML) and primary AML (pAML). Overall, mutations in FLT3, DNMT3A, NPM1 and IDH2 were more specific for pAML whereas UTAF1, STAG2, BCORL1, BCOR, EZH2, JAK2, CBL, PRPF8, SF3B1, ASXL1 and DHX29 were more specific for sAML. However, in multivariate analysis that included clinical variables, only FLT3 and DNMT3A remained specific for pAML and EZH2, BCOR, SF3B1 and ASXL1 for sAML. When the impact of mutations on OS was evaluated in the entire cohort, mutations in DNMT3A, PRPF8, ASXL1, CBL EZH2 and TP53 had a negative impact on OS; no mutation impacted OS favorably; however, in a cox multivariate analysis that included clinical data, mutations in DNMT3A, ASXL1, CBL, EZH2 and TP53 became significant. Thus, controlling for clinical variables is important when interpreting genomic data in AML.
Formalizing contemporary conceptual metaphor theory: A structured repository for metaphor analysis

This paper describes an innovative formalization of Conceptual Metaphor Theory and its implementation in a structured metaphor repository. Central to metaphor analysis is the development of an internal structure of frames and relations between frames, based on an Embodied Construction Grammar framework, which then informs the structure of metaphors and relationships between metaphors. The hierarchical nature of metaphors and frames is made explicit, such that inferential information originating in embodied conceptual primitives is inherited throughout the network. The present analysis takes a data-driven approach, where lexical differences in linguistic expressions attested in naturally-occurring discourse lead to a continued refinement and expansion of our analyses.
A Refined Study of the Effect of Cadaver Dissection on Written and Practical Gross Anatomy Test Scores

Since 2010, over 425 Italian medical students participated in D’Youville College’s (DYC’s) Giovanni Mazzotti Anatomy Conference (GMAC), named in honor of the late president of the Medical School of...
Professional sports facilities, teams and property values: Evidence from NBA team departures

Abstract Professional sports teams and facilities can generate negative or positive amenities to be capitalized into nearby property prices. We investigate the effect of the departure of two National Basketball Association teams in Seattle and Charlotte on nearby residential property values. Both arenas continued to operate after the teams left, so these departures represents a natural experiment to identify the net effects of a sports team separately from the effect of a facility and other events that take place in the facility. Results from a repeat sale regression model and hedonic price model indicate that the departure of the teams was associated with excess appreciation of condo prices near Key Arena and single family home prices near the Charlotte Arena, suggesting that the teams generated disamenities in these markets.
The Organization of Chromosomes and Chromatin

The eukaryotic nucleus and its components are, in principle, ideal subjects for tomographic structural analysis. Within the nucleus, a number of crucial and closely regulated processes occur. These include DNA replication and chromatin assembly, RNA transcription, the processing and transport of mRNA and rRNA, and chromosome condensation and decondensation. Many of these events have been studied in detail at the molecular level, yet very little is known about the three-dimensional (3D) spatial framework within which they occur. Electron tomography offers direct insight into these structural and functional aspects of nuclear organization.
Atomoxetine, Parent Training, and Their Effects on Sleep in Youth with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Abstract Objective: Sleep disturbance is often a problem for children with either autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Psychostimulant medications used to treat ADHD symptoms can exacerbate this problem. For children with ASD and ADHD, atomoxetine (ATX) is a viable alternative to psychostimulants. We investigated the effects of ATX and a manualized parent training (PT) program targeting noncompliance, on the sleep quality of children with ASD and ADHD. Methods: Participants in a randomized clinical trial were treated with ATX + PT, ATX alone, PT alone, or placebo (PBO) alone, for 10 weeks. Fifty-four of 128 (42%) caregivers completed the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ) at baseline and endpoint. Analysis of covariance was used to investigate possible differences between treatment groups. Results: There were no significant differences between treatment groups, including PBO on the CSHQ 33-Item total score, total hours of sleep per day, and total min...
Teaching Research Methods: Learning by Doing

This paper outlines ways to structure a research-methods class so that students gain a practical knowledge of how research is done. Emphasis is placed on data collection, using statistical software...
Effect of heat stress during seed development and maturation on wheat (Triticum durum) seed quality

59 INTRODUCTION 60 MATERIALS AND METHODS 64 Plant Material 64 Nucleotide Extraction and Determination by HPLC 64 Mitochondria Extraction and Oxygen Uptake 65 Electron Microscopy 67 RESULTS 69 Nucleotide Levels and Energy Charge 69 Mitochondrial Respiratory Activities 79 Electron Microscopy 81 DISCUSSION 85 CONCLUSIONS 90 REFERENCES 91 GENERAL CONCLUSIONS 94
Tricarbonyl (η6 arene) chromium(0) complex derived from 8-phenylmenthol chiral auxiliary

(—)-8-Phenylmenthol was prepared and converted to the corresponding tricarbonyl (η6-arene) chromium(0) complex. Derivitization as the acrylate ester (1) and subsequent X-ray analysis revealed a 1:1 mix of s-cis and s-trans acrylate in the unit cell, and geometric proximity to support a through-space π stacking interaction in the case of the s-trans isomer. The dihedral angle between the best planes through the chromium-bound aryl ring and the acrylate group is 19.9° for the s-trans isomer and 34.4° for the s-cis isomer. Crystal data for (1): C22H26O5Cr, monoclinic, P21 (No. 4), a = 10.269(1), b = 10.482(1), c = 19.787(2), β = 95.85(1), Z = 4, and Dcalc = 1.32 g cm−3.
Chirurgie des Dünndarms

Operative Eingriffe am Dunndarm werden auf Grund sehr unterschiedlicher Ursachen erforderlich, spielen aber in ihrer Haufigkeit im Vergleich zu Operationen am Dickdarm im viszeralchirurgischen Krankengut eine eher untergeordnete Rolle. Sieht man von der Resektion des terminalen Ileums im Rahmen einer onkologischen Resektion am rechten Hemikolon ab, handelt es sich dabei im Wesentlichen um folgende Indikationen:
Growth Factors in Vascular Morphogenesis: Insights from Gene Knockout Studies in Mice

The basic processes leading to the generation of a mature vascular network are conserved between avians and mammals, however, more is known about the actual players in these processes in mammals due to the relative ease of genetic manipulations in mice.
The Dynamic Double Façade: An Integrated Approach to High Performance Building Envelopes

The Living Light house, an entrant in the 2011 Department of Energy Solar Decathlon, incorporates an innovative dynamic double facade system. This paper details key features of the facade system including aesthetic integration of technical components, natural and electric illumination, design of shading devices, and use of the facade cavity to harness solar-thermal energy.
Autophagy and Inflammasome activation triggered by LPS-negative Ehrlichia is dependent on both mTOR activation and MyD88 signaling

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) positive pathogens trigger autophagy and inflammasome activation. Autophagy is an innate anti-microbial host defense that maintains tissue homeostasis and is regulated by the nutrient-sensing mTORC1 complex. However it is unknown how the LPS-negative, Gram negative Ehrlichia elicits the same response. Monocytic Ehrlichia triggers Type I IFN-dependent NLRP3 inflammasome activation, which detrimentally effects host response to Ehrlichia . In this study, we examined the regulatory mechanisms of autophagy and inflammasome activation. With toll like receptor (TLR)-adaptor molecule MYD88 deficient mice, we reveal a crucial role for MYD88 in mediation of Ehrlichia- dependent inflammasome activation and hepatic inflammation. This role is demonstrated by decreased Caspase 1 and IL-1β levels in infected liver tissues, and decreased inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6) when compared to wild type. Ehrlichia -induced inflammasome activation in wild type mice correlated with inhibition of autophagy . Ehrlichia -induced inhibition of autophagy in infected macrophages was dependent on TLR9, TLR2, and their adaptor MYD88. Inhibition was enhanced by IFN-β stimulation. We also demonstrate that mTORC1 autophagy inhibition acts downstream of MYD88. These data suggest that LPS-negative Ehrlichia inhibit autophagy and activate the inflammasome through mTORC1 activation and MYD88 signaling, contributing to Ehrlichia- induced inflammatory disregulation and liver injury.
Imaging of Unusual Renal Tumors

Renal masses are a wide entity and a common finding in clinical practice. Detection of these masses has increased in the last years, yet mortality rates have slightly decreased. According to the World Health Organization classification, there are 8 types, 51 subtypes, and a lot more subsequent subclassifications of renal tumors. Histopathological analysis should always be assessed for final diagnosis of theses tumors. However, imaging can be an important diagnostic guidance. The most common diagnoses of renal tumor are clear cell carcinoma, papillary renal cell carcinoma, angiomyolipoma, and transitional cell carcinoma. Nonetheless, a considerable variety of particular tumors can arise from the kidney, challenging the expertise of radiologists and urologists on this subject. The awareness of these unusual entities is vital for professionals working at a complex medical facility with greater volume of patients. We hereby present uncommon renal tumors and its pathological and radiological features.
Logical debugging

A methodology for reasoning about logic programs and their specifications is applied to program debugging as well as program synthesis. Specifications in the form of an executable model of the desired program are used to generate test cases, locate bugs, and guide bug correction. Both deductive and inductive inference techniques are employed for bug correction and synthesis. The behavior of the automated debugger is demonstrated through several examples.
Combination Therapies and Drug Delivery Platforms in Combating Pancreatic Cancer

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death in the United States, is highly aggressive and resistant to both chemo- and radiotherapy. It remains one of the most difficult-to-treat cancers, not only due to its unique pathobiological features such as stroma-rich desmoplastic tumors surrounded by hypovascular and hypoperfused vessels limiting the transport of therapeutic agents, but also due to problematic early detection, which renders most treatment options largely ineffective, resulting in extensive metastasis. To elevate therapeutic effectiveness of treatments and overt their toxicity, significant enthusiasm was generated to exploit new strategies for combating PDAC. Combination therapy targeting different barriers to mitigate delivery issues and reduce tumor recurrence and metastasis has demonstrated optimal outcomes in patients' survival and quality of life, providing possible approaches to overcome therapeutic challenges. This paper aims to provide an overview of currently explored multimodal therapies using either conventional therapy or nanomedicines along with rationale, up-to-date progress, as well as the key challenges that must be overcome. Understanding the future directions of the field may assist in the successful development of novel treatment strategies for enhancing therapeutic efficacy in PDAC.
Ultrashort-pulse laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy for detecting airborne metals during energetic reactions

Ultrashort-pulse laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), specifically using a femtosecond laser, has certain advantages over longer-pulse, nanosecond-duration lasers, in that they typically have kilohertz repetition rates and reduced background noise along with little-to-no laser-plasma interaction, all of which lead to a better chance of detecting LIBS signals from trace particles. In this work, femtosecond-LIBS is investigated for the detection of metallic particles in the hot flame zone of solid propellant strands burning in the atmosphere. The metallic particles doped into the solid propellants were aluminum (Al), copper, lead, lead stearate, and mercury chloride, which are all either typically found in energetic formulations as additives or impurities. Using an 80-fs-pulse-duration, amplified Ti:Sapphire laser operating at 1000 Hz, single-shot concentration measurement experiments were performed. The femtosecond-LIBS apparatus could detect all metallic additives, whereas a previous nanosecond-LIBS scheme with comparable conditions was able to detect only higher concentrations of Al. The single-shot concentration study, conducted with the Al-doped propellants, indicated that there is a linear relationship between the percentage of laser shots detecting a LIBS signal and the mass percentage of Al initially present in the strands. The present results illustrate the advantages of using a femtosecond laser over a nanosecond laser for LIBS detection during energetics material reactions.
The Sense Memory of “My Father’s Martial Art”

From the iconic evocations of youth discovered through the taste and smell of a madeleine cookie in Marcel Proust’s A la recherche du temps perdu to modern physiological studies of the deep connection between our olfactory system and emotional states, culture and science have long attempted to grapple with "sense memory” or how the experience of various senses guide our memory and help organize our understanding of the world. Taking Stephen Shu-ning Liu’s poem “My Father’s Martial Art” as its central focus, this essay argues that fictional and scientific studies in this area have provided a blueprint for interpreting works which fall within the “sense memory genre.” Through many instances of fictional representation and scientific research, these works aim to find expression for the ineffable bonds our senses have to memory and our experience of the world.
Cancer/Testis Antigens Differentially Expressed In Indolent And Aggressive Prostate Cancer: Potential New Biomarkers And Targets For Immunotherapies

ABSTRACT Current clinical tests for prostate cancer (PCa), such as the PSA test, are not fully capable of discerning patients that are highly likely to develop metastatic prostate cancer (MPCa). Hence, more accurate prediction tools are needed to provide treatment strategies that are focused on the different risk groups. Cancer/testis antigens (CTAs) are expressed during embryonic development and present aberrant expression in cancer making them ideal tumor specific biomarkers. Here, the potential use of a panel of CTAs as a biomarker for PCa detection as well as metastasis prediction is explored. We initially identified eight CTAs (CEP55, NUF2, PAGE4, PBK, RQCD1, SPAG4, SSX2 and TTK) that are differentially expressed in MPCa when compared to local disease and used this panel to compare the gene and protein expression profiles in paired PCa and normal adjacent prostate tissue. We identified differential expression of all eight CTAs at the protein level when comparing 80 paired samples of PCa and the adjacent non-cancer tissue. Using multiple logistic regression we also show that a panel of these CTAs present high accuracy to discriminate normal from tumor samples. In summary, this study provides evidence that a panel of CTAs, differentially expressed in aggressive PCa, is a potential biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis to be used in combination with the current clinically available tools and is also a potential target for immunotherapy development. PRECIS A panel of eight cancer/testis antigens aberrantly expressed in prostate cancer presents high accuracy to discriminate local from metastatic tumors. This signature includes potential biomarker and immunotherapy targets for aggressive prostate cancer.
Virtual mind-body treatment for geographically diverse youth with neurofibromatosis: A pilot randomized controlled trial.

Abstract Objective To examine the feasibility, acceptability, preliminary effect, and durability of a mind-body videoconferencing program for youth with neurofibromatosis (Resilient Youth with NF; RY-NF) against an experimental educational control (Health Education for NF; HE-NF) via a single-blind pilot RCT. Method Adolescents with NF (N = 51; age 12–17) completed baseline assessments and were randomized (1:1/ to intervention or experimental educational control). The multiple primary outcomes were physical health and psychological quality of life (QoL). Secondary outcomes were social relations QoL, environmental QoL, depression, anxiety, pain intensity and pain interference. Posttreatment and at 6-month follow-up assessments were collected. Results Forty-five adolescents (88%) completed posttreatment, and 37 (82%) completed 6-month follow-up. Satisfaction was high in both conditions. The RY-NF showed greater baseline to posttreatment improvements in physical health QoL (10.18; 95% CI: 0.47–19.90; p = .040), psychological QoL (9.45; 95% CI: 0.78–18.11; p = .033), social relations QoL (13.19; 95% CI: 1.87–24.50; p = .023), and environmental QoL (9.26; 95% CI: 3.49–15.49; p = .002), compared to the HE-NF (between group effects). Improvements were clinically meaningful and maintained through follow-up. Conclusions The RY-NF was well accepted, highly feasible and resulted in sustained improvement in QoL, demonstrating adolescents are receptive to and benefit from learning resiliency skills in groups via live video.
Adaptive control for differential drag-based rendezvous maneuvers with an unknown target

Abstract This paper presents a differential atmospheric drag-based control algorithm for rendezvous with a non-cooperative target in Low Earth Orbit. The challenge of using a differential input that requires knowledge of physical parameters of the involved spacecraft, is addressed by designing a Lyapunov-based adaptive controller that compensates for the uncertain ballistic coefficient of the target spacecraft as well as the time-varying atmospheric density and velocity of the spacecraft relative to the atmosphere. Numerical simulations using the Schweighart-Sedwick relative dynamics are presented to validate the controller design. Additionally, simulations with more accurate dynamics for each spacecraft along with the NRLMSISE-00 model of atmospheric density are presented to evaluate the performance of the controller under nonlinearities and input saturation.
Graphene and other than graphene materials technology and beyond

Graphene with its unique electronic properties is highly suitable for numerous electronic applications. Among different growth techniques, CVD is most promising due to its low cost and large area. However, growth of large-area single crystal graphene is still challenging. Owing to its zero bandgap property, graphene is not yet suitable for digital applications. However, finite bandgap can be obtained in the form of GNR which demonstrates width and edge-type dependent energy bandgap. GNR TFET can be a viable option for low power high-performance integrated circuit design. By utilizing the zero band properties of graphene, the promise of graphene interlayer tunnel transistor can also be explored. Other than graphene 2D materials such as layered transition-metal dichalcogenide (TMD) and Xenes have emerged and shown great promise for electronics, photonics, energy harvesting, and biosensors.
Advancing Conservation in a Globalized World

In an increasingly globalized world, the impacts of industrial agriculture, forestry, fisheries, and natural resource extraction have become faraway notions that are out of sight, out of mind for too many consumers. To stimulate awareness and fresh thinking about nature conservation, this chapter begins by examining people’s expansive ecological footprint – cumulatively through population density, land use and infrastructure, and individually through the products people purchase. A global analysis juxtaposing maps of habitat loss and habitat protection reveals a “biome crisis” in the world’s temperate grasslands and Mediterranean habitats, and in 305 “crisis ecoregions” where the extent of habitat loss has outpaced habitat protection by at least a factor of two. This disparity threatens species and puts the sustainability of entire ecosystems in peril. Rising to this and other challenges to conservation in a globalized world depends on harnessing information technologies like Google Earth to raise awareness of problems and solutions around the world. It also depends on valuing nature for the essential benefits it provides to people – benefits such as clean water for cities and climate-moderating carbon sequestration. Establishing these values promises to make conservation a more integrated part of both local and global economies.
Nursing Universal Retention and Success (NURS) Model: A Holistic, Discipline-Focused Framework:

Understanding the multidimensional process of college student retention and success and faculty’s pivotal role in making a positive difference can be daunting without an easily adaptable organizing...
What Nurses Should Know About COVID-19

Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is a highly infectious illness caused by novel SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. The World Health Organization recently designated SARS-CoV-2 associated COVID-19 to be a global pandemic. The fear or spread of COVID-19 has touched every continent. The importance of understanding the drivers of COVID-19 on community health is amplified by the ability of SARS-CoV-2 to rapidly change genetic structure, our restricted knowledge about the disease, and limited or non-existent vaccines and treatment options. An understanding of basic COVID-19 epidemiology is a prerequisite for curtailing transmission, preventing morbidity and mortality, developing efficacious vaccines, implementing effective infection control protocols, and applying treatment algorithms.
A model for studying cutaneous wound healing and resilience to aging: Ear punch biopsy in old mice

Resilience to aging is a biological event that precedes age-related decline in physiological function and is defined as an organism’s ability to respond to physical stress with increasing age. There is a need to identify factors that may predict resilience for enhancing and maintaining healthy aging. Older people often experience delayed wound healing beause of compromised tissue repair and immune response. Therefore preclincal models may be of value to investigate the relationship between cutaneous wound healing and resilience to aging. This brief report descibes an ear punch biopsy model of cutaneous wound healing in aging mice and shows that mice with biopsy ear wounds that heal more quickly have better cognition, increased strength and better running endurance later in life. Keywords: Resilience to aging, wound healing, ear punch biopsy, aging mice