cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
3-D Steady-State Eddy-Current Damping and Stiffness Terms for a Finite Thickness Conductive Plate

In this paper, the 3-D forces created by induced eddy currents in a conductive plate of finite thickness are derived using the concept of magnetic charge and energy. Using this approach the exact steady state based eddy-current damping and stiffness matrices for an arbitrary magnetic source moving above a conductive plate are derived. The damping and stiffness terms caused by both angular and spatial motion are accounted for. The presented equations can be utilized to create a linear state-space eddy-current force model.
A Multiplex Real-Time PCR Assay Differentiates Four Xanthomonas Species Associated with Bacterial Spot of Tomato

Bacterial spot of tomato, a major problem in many tomato production areas, is caused by Xanthomonas euvesicatoria, X. vesicatoria, X. perforans, and X. gardneri. In order to detect and identify the bacterial spot pathogens, we evaluated a region of hrpB operon as a source for primers and probes for real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A 420-bp fragment of the hrpB7 gene was amplified by PCR from 75 strains representing the four species. The PCR products were sequenced and phylogenetic analysis revealed that hrpB7 is highly conserved within each species, with a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) among the X. vesicatoria strains. X. euvesicatoria and X. perforans varied by two SNP. Four probes and two primer sets were designed to target the four bacterial spot pathogens based on their hrpB7 gene sequences. In order to simultaneously detect the four bacterial spot pathogens, the four probes and two primer sets were optimized for a multiplex real-time TaqMan PCR assay. The optimized multiplex assay was determined to be highly specific to the four bacterial spot pathogens. Because the optimized multiplex assay facilitated the identification of each bacterial spot pathogen from pure cultures and infected plant tissue, it holds great potential as a diagnostic tool.
TERRESTRIAL PHOTOGRAMMETRIC MEASUREMENTS OF BREAKING WAVES AND LONGSHORE CURRENTS IN THE NEARSHORE ZONE

We conducted a study to determine the feasibility of shore-based, oblique photographic monitoring of breaking waves, water levels, and currents within the surf zone. The purpose of this paper is to describe a new method of oblique single-image and stereoscopic-image analysis, the potential errors, and the types of measurements that can be made in the surf zone. Examples of application are presented to demonstrate the technique. Sophisticated photographic equipment is not required to collect, analyze, and interpret the data. The analysis and error discussions are directed toward the problems encountered using common equipment. Vertical images from aircraft, helicopters, and balloons have been used in the past to study shoreline changes, directional ocean-wave spectra,8 and longshore currents.3 Oblique images taken from the bridge of a ship have been successfully used to measure whitecap coverage under different wind speeds.4 Terrestrial oblique images have been used to study longshore currents,5 ice-ridge formation and breakup,6'7 and beach changes .8 Oblique images, taken with a 35-mm single-lens reflex camera from an elevated point such as a bluff, are particularly suitable for the measurement of breaking waves, water level, beach run-up, and current in the surf zone under storm conditions. In contrast to other techniques of monitoring the surf zone, the photographic technique described in this paper is simple to install, reliable, accurate, and inexpensive. It can be used in all weather conditions, and the analysis of the images is simple. Both stereoscopic and single oblique images can be analyzed, depending on the specific needs and existing environmental conditions. Since the scale of an oblique photograph changes with increasing distance from the camera, the technique is limited in range to about 250 m for a cliff approximately 8 m above the mean water level. Accuracies to within 1% in the horizontal plane and better than 10% in the vertical plane are achievable at this distance.
Einstein: "All but the Dissertation"

A NetWatch item of 30 April (“Popular physics?,” p. 707) describes a Web site that publishes physical theories by nonphysicists. The originator of the site, James Siepmann, is quoted as referring to “a patent clerk” in the course of explaining the site's purpose. The intended reference is no
Secondary Thinking and Trauma: Dostoevsky’s Notes from Underground

Secondary thinking is a concept advanced by the late Andre Green, who for several decades had been active as a major French theorist of psychoanalysis.1 To his credit, Green, who for a time participated in Jacques Lacan’s seminars, diplomatically negotiated the precarious spaces between the various Lacanian groups and more orthodox Freudian French analysts associated with the Societe psychanalytique de Paris. In later years, he also had considerable presence in British spheres of psychoanalytical work, and eventually became a member of the prestigious British Psychoanalytic Society. In his book Time in Psychoanalysis, Green argued that secondary thinking accompanies the logic of the statement (l’enonce) in relation to its enunciation (l’enonciation) at a level assumed by inference and mediated by the unconscious. “For each segment of discourse uttered, there are corresponding unexpressed thoughts which, while they seek to express themselves when they can, have a retroactive effect on the pathway already created; or, to be more exact, on one or other of the terms already uttered by this pathway, creating a retrospective process of linking, obtained retrogressively.”2 Secondary thinking therefore traverses explicit enunciation as an effect of what Green calls “retroactive reverberation” and “associative irradiation.”
Estimating species richness using environmental DNA

The foundation for any ecological study and for the effective management of biodiversity in natural systems requires knowing what species are present in an ecosystem. We assessed fish communities in a stream using two methods, depletion-based electrofishing and environmental DNA metabarcoding (eDNA) from water samples, to test the hypothesis that eDNA provides an alternative means of determining species richness and species identities for a natural ecosystem. In a northern Indiana stream, electrofishing yielded a direct estimate of 12 species and a mean estimated richness (Chao II estimator) of 16.6 species with a 95% confidence interval from 12.8 to 42.2. eDNA sampling detected an additional four species, congruent with the mean Chao II estimate from electrofishing. This increased detection rate for fish species between methods suggests that eDNA sampling can enhance estimation of fish fauna in flowing waters while having minimal sampling impacts on fish and their habitat. Modern genetic approaches therefore have the potential to transform our ability to build a more complete list of species for ecological investigations and inform management of aquatic ecosystems.
Mobile learning design solutions: Innovations in learning through the use of mobiles across contexts

Over the last decade, the practices by which scholarly knowledge is produced – both within and across disciplines – have been substantially influenced by the appearance of digital information resources, communication networks and technology enhanced research tools. Viewed from a methodological perspective, the rich ICT-based environment in educational settings influences research methods, ethics and the general conduct of research.
Disease introduction is associated with a phase transition in bighorn sheep demographics.

Morris Animal Foundation (D13ZO-081); Penn State Academic Computing Fellowship; RAPIDD Program; National Institutes of Health IDeA Program (P20GM103474, P30GM110732 ); Montana University System Research Initiative (51040-MUSRI2015-03)
Bridge damage detection using spatiotemporal patterns extracted from dense sensor network

The alarmingly degrading state of transportation infrastructures combined with their key societal and economic importance calls for automatic condition assessment methods to facilitate smart management of maintenance and repairs. With the advent of ubiquitous sensing and communication capabilities, scalable data-driven approaches is of great interest, as it can utilize large volume of streaming data without requiring detailed physical models that can be inaccurate and computationally expensive to run. Properly designed, a data-driven methodology could enable fast and automatic evaluation of infrastructures, discovery of causal dependencies among various sub-system dynamic responses, and decision making with uncertainties and lack of labeled data. In this work, a spatiotemporal pattern network (STPN) strategy built on symbolic dynamic filtering (SDF) is proposed to explore spatiotemporal behaviors in a bridge network. Data from strain gauges installed on two bridges are generated using finite element simulation for three types of sensor networks from a density perspective (dense, nominal, sparse). Causal relationships among spatially distributed strain data streams are extracted and analyzed for vehicle identification and detection, and for localization of structural degradation in bridges. Multiple case studies show significant capabilities of the proposed approach in: (i) capturing spatiotemporal features to discover causality between bridges (geographically close), (ii) robustness to noise in data for feature extraction, (iii) detecting and localizing damage via comparison of bridge responses to similar vehicle loads, and (iv) implementing real-time health monitoring and decision making work flow for bridge networks. Also, the results demonstrate increased sensitivity in detecting damages and higher reliability in quantifying the damage level with increase in sensor network density.
Whole-genome sequences of Mycobacterium tuberculosis TB282 and TB284, a widespread and a unique strain, respectively, identified in a previous study of tuberculosis transmission in Central Los Angeles, California, USA

We report here the genome sequences of two Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates previously identified in central Los Angeles, CA, in the 1990s using a PacBio platform. Isolate TB282 represents a large-cluster strain that caused 27% of the tuberculosis cases, while TB284 represents a strain that caused disease in only one patient.
Substitution Patterns Understood through Chemical Pressure Analysis: Atom/Dumbbell and Ru/Co Ordering in Derivatives of YCo5

Interstitials, mixed occupancy, and partial substitution of one geometrical motif for another are frequently encountered in the structure refinements of intermetallic compounds as disorder or the formation of superstructures. In this article, we illustrate how such phenomena can serve as mechanisms for chemical pressure (CP) release in variants of the CaCu5 type. We begin by comparing the density functional theory CP schemes of YCo5, an f-element free analogue of the permanent magnet SmCo5, and its superstructure variant Y2Co17 = [Y2(Co2)1]Co15 (Th2Zn17-type) in which one-third of the Y atoms are replaced by Co2 dumbbells. The CP scheme of the original YCo5 structure reveals intensely anisotropic pressures acting on the Y atoms (similar to CP schemes of other CaCu5-type phases). The Y atoms experience large negative pressures along the length of the hexagonal channels they occupy while being simultaneously squeezed by the channel walls. Moving to the Y2Co17 structure provides significant relief to this CP...
Reading Fluency and Students With Reading Disabilities: How Fast Is Fast Enough to Promote Reading Comprehension?:

The goal of improving reading rate and fluency is to positively impact reading comprehension; however, it is unclear how fast students with learning disabilities (LD) need to read to reap this benefit. The purpose of this research was to identify the point of diminishing return for students who were dysfluent readers. Participants included 337 students with reading difficulties in second and fourth grade (61% eligible for special education; 80% with a diagnosis of LD in the area of reading) and 150 typical readers from the same general education classes. LOESS (LOcal regrESSion) plots (logistic regression) were used to determine where linear relations between reading rate and comprehension broke down for these students: the rate at which getting faster no longer contributed clearly to reading comprehension improvement. Although typical readers in this sample showed patterns of oral reading rate and comprehension similar to students in other studies, patterns for students with reading difficulties differed. For dysfluent readers, improving reading rate improved comprehension only in the bands between 35 and 75 words correct per minute in second grade and between 40 and 90 words correct in fourth grade. Reading at faster rates revealed no clear advantage for reading comprehension.
Proton Pump Inhibitors and Survival Outcomes in Patients With Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma.

Abstract Introduction Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are potent inhibitors of gastric acid secretion and can affect the optimal absorption of concomitant oral medications, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of PPI use on survival in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) patients treated in the targeted therapy era. Materials and Methods We conducted a pooled analysis of mRCC patients treated in phase II and III clinical trials. Statistical analyses were performed using Cox regression adjusted for several risk factors and the Kaplan–Meier method. Results We identified 2188 patients treated with sunitinib (n = 952), axitinib (n = 626) or sorafenib (n = 610), of whom 120 were PPI users. Overall, PPI users showed similar overall survival compared with non-PPI users (hazard ratio [HR], 1.051; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.769-1.438; P = .754; median, 24.1 vs. 21.3 months). Similarly, progression-free survival (HR, 1.016; 95% CI, 0.793-1.301; P = .902; median, 5.5 vs. 8.0 months) and objective response rates (23.3% vs. 27.4%; P = .344) were not different between PPI users and nonusers. These findings were consistent across International mRCC Database Consortium risk groups and according to line of therapy. Adverse events were similar between PPI users and nonusers. Conclusion We showed that PPI use does not appear to negatively affect the efficacy and safety of select VEGF-TKIs in patients with mRCC. Documentation of concomitant medications and patient education on potential drug interactions are critical for optimizing the use of oral cancer-targeting therapy.
The use of classification systems and production methods in identifying manufactured textile fibers

Abstract: This chapter explains the connection between polymer origins and fiber classification and the connection/distinction between fiber classes and fiber subclasses. Then, this chapter focuses on the recently approved generic fiber class called PLA or polylactide fiber, the recently approved subclasses of fibers including lyocell, elasterell-p (also known as elastomultiester), lastol, and then various types of multicomponent fibers. The final topic of the chapter is future trends in fiber manufacture. Readers are referred to a series of books which detail the synthesis of polymers used to create fibers and the production of fibers from those polymers.
Psychological dimensions of sustainability: minding the future from a human-ecological perspective

Sustainability ideas are growing and maturing at many levels worldwide. They have inspired interdisciplinary research, redefined educational institutions, and informed a multitude of planning, management, and decision-making contexts. The concept of sustainability has a specific history with roots in economic development, international affairs, environmental conservation, human health and individual well-being. Beyond the somewhat contemporaneous goals of sustainability, however, there is also the much longer history of natural and human ecology — as exploratory and applied fields — which likewise have struggled with the coupling of scientific-ecological knowledge and human decision-making. The aim of this paper is to recount the respective origins and development of these two domains; to emphasize the centrality of human attitudinal and behavioral change in achieving a livable future; and to highlight some long-standing difficulties and promising developments at the confluence of psychological self-awareness, ecological knowledge and sustainability principles.
Assessing the economic benefits and resilience of complete streets in Orlando, FL: A natural experimental design approach

Abstract Complete Streets are designed to allow for safe access and use for all (e.g., pedestrians, bicyclists, transit commuters, motorists) to improve mobility and accessibility. Retrofitting Complete Street designs acts as an intervention by increasing active transportation activity and providing safety benefits (e.g., reducing motor vehicle involved crashes and injuries); however there is insufficient evidence related to economic benefits of this redesign. This study applied a natural experiment design to: (1) explore the economic benefits on single-family (SF) property value appreciation before-and-after the implementation of the Complete Street during the housing market boom (from 2000 to 2007), and (2) examine the economic resilience of Complete Street designs on maintaining SF property values during the housing market crash (from 2007 to 2011) at Edgewater Dr. in Orlando, FL. Propensity score matching was used to match intervention and control residences with similar building attributes. On average, SF homes exposed to Complete Streets had 8.2% and 4.3% higher home value appreciation and home value resilience than their counterparts in the adjacent non-exposed control area during housing market boom and recession, respectively. Further, on average, SF homes exposed to Complete Streets experienced relatively higher, at 2.7% and 1.6%, home value appreciation and home value resilience than their control counterparts around the nonadjacent auto-oriented control roads during housing market boom and recession, respectively. The implications of this study can inform local planning practice providing evidence that Complete Streets perform better than conventional street designs on maintaining a ‘healthy’ housing market in both economic boom and recession. The economic benefits found can be integrated with research that demonstrates public health and safety benefits of Complete Streets to address the current barriers in implementing Complete Streets and support for policies facilitating the implementation of Complete Streets nationally.
Quadruple reduction of threshold current density for microring quantum dot lasers epitaxially grown on (001) Si

A quadruple reduction of threshold current density was achieved for electrically pumped quantum-dot micro-rings epitaxially grown on (001) silicon. This was enabled by a low threading dislocation density GaAs buffer layer and a smoothed etching sidewall.
MODELING AND SIMULATION OF ACTIVE SYSTEMS

ABSTRACT We now have the ability to simulate a range of solar processes, i.e., to “build” and “operate” them in computers. These simulations are repeatable numerical experiments in which components and system characteristics can be varied at will; they provide information on the thermal performance of systems. They must be used with understanding and with caution, to assure that the information obtained from them is significant for the problem at hand, They are the basis of simplified design procedures for standard systems; these procedures can be used with ease to estimate the long-term performance of the systems and evaluate their economic feasibility.
The National Plan for Aviation Human Factors

Effective verification and validation of complex and integrated human-machine systems depends on the selection of appropriate performance measures and on the adequacy of the measurement tools and procedures used to measure system and human performance. In December 1990, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) published the first draft of the National Plan for Aviation Human Factors (FAA, 1990), the culmination of over a year’s coordinated effort involving the FAA, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), and the Department of Defense (DoD) to develop a plan to address the highest priority human factors issues facing the National Airspace System (NAS).
Multimorbidity Trends in United States Adults, 1988-2014.

Importance: The simultaneous presence of multiple conditions in one patient (multi-morbidity) is a key challenge facing primary care. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of multi-morbidity and to document changes in prevalence during the last 25 years. Design/Setting: Cross-sectional study using multiple years (1988–2014) of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were analyzed. Setting: Multiple years (1988 to 2014) of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from the United States were analyzed. Participants: Noninstitutionalized adults. Main Outcomes and Measures: Number of chronic conditions per individual analyzed by age, race, gender, and socioeconomic factors. Results: A total of 57,303 individuals were surveyed regarding the presence of multi-morbidity in separate surveys spanning 1988–2014. The overall current prevalence in 2013–2014 of >2 morbidities was 59.6% (95% CI 58.1%–61.1%), 38.5% had 3 or more, and 22.7% had 4 or more morbidities, which was significantly higher than in 1988 (45.7%, 95% CI 43.5%–47.8%, with >2 morbidities). Among individuals with 2 or more morbidities, 54.1% have obesity compared to 41.9% in 1988. Among adults age >65, prevalence was 91.8% for 2 or more morbidities. Whites and Blacks had significantly higher prevalence (59.2% and 60.1%) than Hispanic or “other” race (45.0%, P 2) than men (55.9%, P = .01). Conclusions and Relevance: Multimorbidity is common and has been increasing over the last 25 years. This finding has implications for public health policy and anticipated health costs for the coming years.
Developing model transformation tools using the UML metamodel: challenges and solutions

Model transformation tools often work at the meta-model level by manipulating instances of metamodel constructs. In our work on enabling automatic test case generation from UML diagrams, we built a tool that converts a sequence diagram to a graph structure. Our tool uses a sequence diagram editor, SeDi, which uses the UML2 Eclipse plugin, which in turn implements the superstructure of the UML 2.0 metamodel. During the tool development process, we faced several challenges that can be attributed to either the UML superstructure or its implementation. In this paper, we illustrate the problems and our solutions.
A qualitative study of patients’ perceptions of the utility of patient-reported outcome measures of symptoms in primary care clinics

Sleep, pain, anxiety, depression, and low energy/fatigue (SPADE pentad) symptoms are common, but often unrecognized and undertreated in primary care. In an effort to improve symptom outcomes, primary care clinics are integrating patient-reported outcome measures (PROs), such as the Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS), into practice. Whether patients with SPADE symptoms perceive these measures as useful is unknown. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore patients’ perceptions of the utility of symptom-based PROs in primary care. As part of a mixed-methods study, 23 patients (age 24–77 years) with one or more SPADE symptoms participated in one-on-one interviews about the use, implementation and visual display of PROMIS. All interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using thematic analysis. Five themes emerged: (1) PROs may foster communication about symptoms; (2) data from PROs may prompt clinical actions; (3) the visual display of symptom scores could be useful for patients and providers, though modifications may enhance interpretation; (4) implementation may vary according to patients’ perception of PRO features (e.g., length); and (5) PROs may be useful, but only to the extent that they are valued, prioritized, and used. According to patients, the use of PROs to measure symptoms in primary care clinics has the potential to be useful. However, patients are reluctant to complete PROs if they perceive that clinicians do not use the measures to improve care. Barriers to implementation in primary care (e.g., duration of visit) should be addressed to enhance the utility of PROs. Clinical trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT02383862.
Unscheduled absences in a cohort of nurse anesthetists during a 3-year period: Statistical implications for the identification of outlier personnel.

Abstract Study objective To estimate the prevalence of unscheduled absences in a cohort of certified registered nurse anesthetists (CRNAs) over a 3-year period, for purposes of critiquing statistical review of individual providers relative to potential identification of patterns of such absences. Design Retrospective, observational study. Setting University hospital. Subjects 99 CRNAs performing clinical assignments in the operating rooms. Interventions None. Measurements CRNA daily clinical assignments and unscheduled absences were retrieved from the department's staff assignment software package. Data were extracted and analyzed to estimate the prevalence of unscheduled absences by CRNAs by day of the week, and whether each absence occurred on the workday before or after either a holiday or a personal vacation. A statistical power analysis was performed to determine the number of workdays of data required to identify outlier personnel above the 95th percentile among all CRNAs while controlling for a family-wise error rate of 5%. Main results The overall incidence of unscheduled absences pooled by days was 1.7%, with small differences among days of the week, and before or after vacations. A year of data would be required to detect outliers for unscheduled absences exceeding the 95% upper confidence limit among all CRNAs. Attempting to identify patterns of absences being on specific days of the week or as related to holidays and vacations would require multiple years of data. Conclusions OR managers can detect CRNAs with excessive numbers of unscheduled absences, but at least a year of data is required. Detecting apparent “patterns” of absences would require multiple years of data and is thus impractical.
The impact of training methodology and category structure on the formation of new categories from existing knowledge

Categorization decisions are made thousands of times every day, and a typical adult knows tens of thousands of categories. It is thus relatively rare that adults learn new categories without somehow reorganizing pre-existing knowledge. Yet, most perceptual categorization research has investigated the ability to learn new categories without considering they relation to existing knowledge. In this article, we test the ability of young adults to merge already known categories into new categories as a function of training methodology and category structures using two experiments. Experiment 1 tests participants’ ability to merge rule-based or information-integration categories that are either contiguous, semi-contiguous, or non-contiguous in perceptual space using a classification paradigm. Experiment 2 is similar Experiment 1 but uses a YES/NO learning paradigm instead. The results of both experiments suggest a strong effect of the contiguity of the merged categories in perceptual space that depends on the type of category representation that is learned. The type of category representation that is learned, in turn, depends on a complex interaction of the category structures and training task. We conclude by discussing the relevance of these results for categorization outside the laboratory.
Brief of Four US Senators in South Dakota v. Wayfair (Merits)

Amici agree with petitioner that the physical presence rule established by Quill Corp. v. North Dakota, 504 U.S. 298 (1992), should be overturned. As Justice Kennedy has explained, the decision was “questionable even when decided, [and] now harms States to a degree far greater than could have been anticipated earlier.” Direct Mktg. Ass’n v. Brohl, 135 S.Ct. 1124, 1135 (2015) (Kennedy, J., concurring). This brief primarily addresses the important question of what will happen if this Court overturns Quill. There is no doubt that the respondents and their amici will argue that vast confusion will ensue if the states are freed from the bright-line rule of Quill. That will not happen for (at least) three reasons. First, there is little evidence that the states would rush to enact a welter of burdensome use tax collection laws and much evidence to the contrary. Furthermore, the same technological innovations that have made the adverse impacts of the Quill rule so problematic for States like South Dakota have also driven down the cost of compliance, thereby reducing the likelihood that state laws can impose significant costs on remote sellers. Second, should this Court overturn the physical presence rule established in Quill, that does not mean that this Court, or courts generally, will not be able to protect interstate sellers. There are a number of doctrines that remain to guard against potential abuses. First, should a state or locality impose obligations on remote sellers that do not apply to local vendors, then such laws are virtually per se invalid. Second, should a state or locality impose financially significant obligations on remote sellers, then Pike v. Bruce Church, Inc., 397 U.S. 137, 142 (1970), adequately protects them if the “burden imposed [by state laws] is clearly excessive in relation to the putative local benefits.” Third, Congress is standing by to act should states overstep. The Quill rule reversed the default set up by the Constitution under which states are free to act as sovereigns unless Congress acts. If Quill is overturned and the constitutional default restored, amici believe that Congress is fully prepared to act, especially if the problem to be solved is overreaching by a few states or by certain local tax schemes that collectively place excessive burdens on out-of-state sellers. Furthermore, with the Quill tax shelter no longer available, all the states and interstate sellers will favor establishing standard rules of practice in order to facilitate orderly and efficient revenue collection. In this regard, it is notable that commercial interstate interests have had considerable success in persuading Congress to pass balanced laws that have served to streamline their interactions with state and local revenue authorities while protecting legitimate state interests.
Psychological Resources, Constructive Conflict Management Behaviors, and Depressive Symptoms: A Dyadic Analysis.

This study investigated the longitudinal associations between mastery, conflict management behaviors, and depressive symptoms using an actor-partner interdependence model with 371 middle-aged couples over a span of 24 years. Results indicated that for both husbands and wives, individuals who possessed higher levels of mastery generally displayed more constructive conflict management behaviors during marital conflicts in middle years. In turn, individuals with more constructive behaviors averaged fewer depressive symptoms in their later adulthood. A partner effect was also noted, as individuals' constructive behaviors were linked to their spouse's depressive symptoms. This finding emphasizes the importance of utilizing a dyadic context to understand intra-individual and inter-individual (or crossover) influences between husbands and wives in enduring marriages. A better understanding of how couples affect each other's mental health can inform the development and implementation of health promotion interventions and prevention efforts targeting middle-aged couples.
Fort Eben-Emael: Geographic Pivot of the Western Front, 1940

On 11 May 1940, Fort Eben-Emael, touted to be the strongest fort in the world and lynchpin in the Allied defensive system, fell to a small, highly trained force of German glider troops. The world was shocked by the mysterious and unorthodox attack that caused the fort to surrender after only 28 hours, thus opening a gap in the Allied line through which German panzers advanced: 10 days later the Belgians capitulated, and French forces along the Ardennes and Meuse River collapsed, precipitating the Allied debacle at Dunkirk. Thus, Eben-Emael was perhaps the geographic pivot of the Western Front. Fort Eben-Emael was built during the interwar period and carefully sited on an 80-meter high ridge of hard limestone south of Maastricht to protect key crossing points along the Meuse River. Recognizing the critical nature of this terrain, the Belgian Army constructed the fort to be immensely strong and impregnable – except from the air, a fatal flaw that the highly trained German force exploited. The fall of Eben-Emael was decisive because it opened a lethal gap in the Allied line, and it triggered the collapse of the Western Front. This paper will examine the geography Fort Eben-Emael and the German attack on the fort to demonstrate its importance to the strategic geometry of the Western Front and its significance as a geographic pivot during this decisive campaign.
Genomic and plumage variation in Vermivora hybrids

Hybrids with different combinations of traits can be used to identify genomic regions that underlie phenotypic characters important to species identity and recognition. Here, we explore links between genomic and plumage variation in Blue-winged Warbler x Golden-winged Warbler (Vermivora cyanoptera x V. chrysoptera) hybrids, which have traditionally been categorized into 2 discrete types. “Lawrence's” hybrids are yellow overall, similar to Blue-winged Warblers, but exhibit the black throat patch and face mask of Golden-winged Warblers. “Brewster's” hybrids are similar to Golden-winged Warblers, but lack the black throat patch and face mask, and sometimes have yellow on their underparts. Previous studies hypothesized that (1) first generation hybrids are of the Brewster's type and can be distinguished by the amount of yellow on their underparts, and that (2) the throat patch/mask phenotype is consistent with Mendelian inheritance and controlled by variation in a locus near the Agouti-signaling protein (ASIP) gene. We addressed these hypotheses using whole genome re-sequencing of parental and hybrid individuals. We found that Brewster's hybrids had genomic hybrid index scores indicating this phenotype can arise by majority ancestry from either parental species, that their plumage varied in levels of carotenoid pigmentation, and individuals captured in multiple years grew consistently less yellow over time. Variation in carotenoid pigmentation showed little relationship with genomic hybrid index score and is thus inconsistent with previous hypotheses that first generation hybrids can be distinguished by the amount of yellow in their plumage. Our results also confirm that variation near ASIP underlies the throat patch phenotype, which we refined to an ∼10–15 Kb region upstream of the coding sequence. Overall, our results support the notion that traditional categorization of hybrids as either Lawrence's or Brewster's oversimplifies continuous variation in carotenoid pigmentation, and its inferred underlying genetic basis, and is based primarily on one discrete trait, which is the throat patch/mask phenotype.LAY SUMMARYWe used whole genome sequences of hybrid Vermivora warblers to examine the genetic basis and inheritance of plumage pigmentation.Yellow carotenoid pigmentation varied among hybrids, decreased between years, and showed no clear relationship with degree of admixture, suggesting a complex genetic basis.The ASIP gene was previously linked to melanic (black) throat pigmentation and we refined the causal region to ∼10–15 Kb upstream of the coding sequence.We conclude that first generation hybrids in this system may not be readily distinguished by their degree of carotenoid pigmentation.
Importance of Reviewing Antibiotic Courses by 48 Hours: Risk Factors for Third-Generation Cephalosporin Resistance Among AmpC Harboring Organisms in Urine and Respiratory Cultures.

BACKGROUND Citrobacter, Enterobacter, Morganella, and Serratia (AmpC organisms) species can exhibit third-generation cephalosporin (TGC) resistance after TGC exposure. We aimed to assess if institutional TGC utilization correlated with institutional AmpC organism susceptibility and if prior TGC exposure ≤48 hours were associated with TGC resistance in the first culture of a future infection episode caused by an AmpC organism. METHODS A 5-year retrospective cohort study was performed, including AmpC organisms isolated from pediatric urinary and respiratory tract cultures at an institution with TGC courses reviewed by the antimicrobial stewardship program at 48 hours. Correlations were assessed by Pearson's correlation. Multivariable logistic regression identified factors independently associated with TGC resistance in a subcohort of infection episodes. RESULTS Among 654 cultures, AmpC organism TGC susceptibility increased from 74% in 2013 to 89.3% in 2017, and this correlated with a 26.1% decrease in TGC utilization (R = -0.906; P = 0.034). Among 275 AmpC organism infections, 21.1% were resistant. Resistance occurred in 13.6%, 17.4%, and 56.5% of infections with no exposure, ≤48 hours, and >48 hours of TGC exposure in the past 30 days, respectively. TGC exposure ≤48 hours was not associated with resistance (odds ratio [OR], 1.26; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.32-4.94; P = 0.74), whereas, TGC exposure >48 hours was (OR, 8.7; 95% CI, 3.67-20.6; P < 0.001). Infections in 2017 were less likely to be resistant (OR, 0.25; 95% CI, 0.08-0.8; P = 0.019). CONCLUSIONS Decreased TGC utilization, likely related to antimicrobial stewardship, correlated with increased AmpC organism susceptibility. Limiting TGC exposure to ≤48 hours when possible may reduce AmpC organism resistance in future infections.
Comparing incidental vocabulary learning from reading-only and reading-while-listening

Abstract This study compares incidental vocabulary learning in reading-while-listening and reading-only conditions. Using both offline and online outcome measures, I assessed explicit form and meaning knowledge and the lexicalization of new words. I also explored how L2 listening and reading proficiency moderated learning gains in the two treatment conditions. L2 learners first read or read-while-listened to four short stories in English for meaning, with embedded target vocabulary items. They then completed surprise vocabulary posttests in the order of a form priming lexical decision task, a form recognition test, a form-meaning connection test and a semantic priming lexical decision task. Results showed that while the reading-while-listening group outperformed the reading-only group in recognizing the form and meaning of the target vocabulary, neither group fully lexicalized the new words, which was crucial for fluent lexical retrieval. L2 listening and reading proficiency affected learning from reading-while-listening and reading-only differentially: the reading-while-listening group was negatively affected by L2 reading proficiency when controlling for listening proficiency while performance of the reading-only group was not predicted by L2 proficiency. Implications for the use of bimodal input in incidental vocabulary learning are discussed.
A Selective Survey of Deep Learning Techniques and Their Application to Malware Analysis

In this chapter, we consider neural networks and deep learning, within the context of malware research. A variety of architectures are introduced, including multilayer perceptrons (MLP), convolutional neural networks (CNN), recurrent neural networks (RNN), long short-term memory (LSTM), residual networks (ResNet), generative adversarial networks (GAN), and Word2Vec. We provide a selective survey of applications of each of these architectures to malware-related problems.
Der weitsichtige Ökologe

Dass wir in unseren Hausern Bakterien und Pilze ubersehen und ihre Auswirkungen meist nicht verstehen, hangt teilweise mit ihrer Winzigkeit zusammen. Bei den gut sichtbaren Tieren greift allerdings ein anderer Mechanismus. Ich glaube, ich verstehe mittlerweile, warum Okologen und Evolutionsbiologen auch die groseren Tiere in unseren Hausern bisher nicht beachtet haben.
Transpulmonary pressure measurements and lung mechanics in patients with early ARDS and SARS-CoV-2.

Abstract Purpose Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) secondary to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has demonstrated variable oxygenation and respiratory-system mechanics without investigation of transpulmonary and chest-wall mechanics. This study describes lung, chest wall and respiratory-system mechanics in patients with SARS-CoV-2 and ARDS. Methods Data was collected from forty patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 and ARDS at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center in Boston, Massachusetts. Esophageal balloons were placed to estimate pleural and transpulmonary pressures. Clinical characteristics, respiratory-system, transpulmonary, and chest-wall mechanics were measured over the first week. Results Patients had moderate-severe ARDS (PaO2/FiO2 123[98–149]) and were critically ill (APACHE IV 108 [94–128] and SOFA 12 [11–13]). PaO2/FiO2 improved over the first week (150 mmHg [122.9–182] to 185 mmHg [138–228] (p = 0.035)). Respiratory system (30–35 ml/cm H2O), lung (40–50 ml/cm H2O) and chest wall (120–150 ml/cm H2O) compliance remained similar over the first week. Elevated basal pleural pressures correlated with BMI. Patients required prolonged mechanical ventilation (14.5 days [9.5–19.0]), with a mortality of 32.5%. Conclusions Patients displayed normal chest-wall mechanics, with increased basal pleural pressure. Respiratory system and lung mechanics were similar to known existing ARDS cohorts. The wide range of respiratory system mechanics illustrates the inherent heterogeneity that is consistent with typical ARDS.
Clinical Reasoning: A 49-Year-Old Woman With Progressive Numbness and Gait Instability.

A 49-year-old woman with no relevant medical history presented to an external neurology clinic with progressive hand and foot paresthesia and gait instability for over 6 months. Initially, she reported tingling and shooting electrical-type sensations involving her feet. Within several weeks of the onset of paresthesia, she noted a burning pain sensation involving the left hand. Sensory symptoms continued to worsen and she felt pressure-like sensation around the neck and scalp region. This was shortly followed by right hand numbness and loss of dexterity. Over the next month, she developed progressive gait imbalance and transitioned to a cane for ambulation.
Quantitative comparisons of radar image, scatterometer, and surface roughness data from Pisgah Crater, CA

The relationships between radar image brightness and backscatter coefficient, between the backscatter coefficient and surface roughness, and between surface roughness and geology, must be established in order to satisfy criteria for the quantitative use of radar images. Attention is presently given to the merits of calibrated radar images and scatterometers as sources of the backscatter coefficient, theories that yield the coefficient on the basis of known surface roughness (and vice versa), and the geologic interpretation of surface roughness and backscatter signatures. These considerations are discussed in the case of the Pisgah Crater and lava field in the Mojave Desert of California.
Abusive Head Trauma

Abusive head trauma (AHT) (e.g. shaken baby syndrome) is the leading cause of death from child abuse. Proper diagnosis of AHT is critical; if AHT is not identified, children can be inadvertently returned to a violent environment where they can be re-injured or killed. The intensivist plays a critical role in the identification, evaluation, and treatment of AHT. This chapter will focus on the clinical presentation of AHT, the medical evaluation for cranial and non-cranial injuries in cases of suspected AHT as well as the management and treatment of AHT with a focus on the differences between management of children with AHT vs. non-abusive TBI. Current data related to the mechanism of injury and pathophysiology of AHT will also be discussed. Finally, issues related to mandated reporting and legal proceedings related to AHT cases will be discussed as will the role of the intensivist in all of the above.
The Frank H. Spedding Award Address Studies of Rare Earth Intermetallic Compounds and Rare Earth Hydrides

It gives me extraordinary pleasure to accept the Frank H. Spedding Award. This recognition of our work on rare earth systems is very pleasing to me. I am doubly pleased to receive an award having associated with it the name of Frank Spedding. We all know that were it not for his extraordinary accomplishments a few decades back we would not be assembled here today for a Rare Earth Research Conference.
A new method for preparing a highly purified uricase suitable for uric acid determination by ultraviolet spectrophotometry.

Abstract A much simpler, and considerably less time-consuming modification of Holmberg's method for the preparation of a highly purified, stable uricase preparation has been described. It is hoped that the introduction of this method of preparing uricase will result in more widespread use of Kalckar's specific, accurate and quick method for the determination of uric acid in biological fluids.