cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Identifying and characterizing systematic temporally-lagged BOLD artifacts.

Abstract Residual noise in the BOLD signal remains problematic for fMRI – particularly for techniques such as functional connectivity, where findings can be spuriously influenced by noise sources that can covary with individual differences. Many such potential noise sources – for instance, motion and respiration – can have a temporally lagged effect on the BOLD signal. Thus, here we present a tool for assessing residual lagged structure in the BOLD signal that is associated with nuisance signals, using a construction similar to a peri-event time histogram. Using this method, we find that framewise displacements – both large and very small – were followed by structured, prolonged, and global changes in the BOLD signal that depend on the magnitude of the preceding displacement and extend for tens of seconds. This residual lagged BOLD structure was consistent across datasets, and independently predicted considerable variance in the global cortical signal (as much as 30–40% in some subjects). Mean functional connectivity estimates varied similarly as a function of displacements occurring many seconds in the past, even after strict censoring. Similar patterns of residual lagged BOLD structure were apparent following respiratory fluctuations (which covaried with framewise displacements), implicating respiration as one likely mechanism underlying the displacement-linked structure observed. Global signal regression largely attenuates this artifactual structure. These findings suggest the need for caution in interpreting results of individual difference studies where noise sources might covary with the individual differences of interest, and highlight the need for further development of preprocessing techniques for mitigating such structure in a more nuanced and targeted manner.
Cartilage Subsurface Changes to Magnetic Resonance Imaging UTE-T2* 2 Years After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Correlate With Walking Mechanics Associated With Knee Osteoarthritis:

Background:Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury increases risk for posttraumatic knee osteoarthritis (OA). Quantitative ultrashort echo time enhanced T2* (UTE-T2*) mapping shows promise for earl...
Cyclic Blade Pitch Control Without a Swashplate for Small Helicopters

This paper presents the design, dynamical model, and experimental investigation of an articulated rotor that affords cyclic pitch authority in small unmanned air vehicle rotorcraft without requirin...
Strategic Framing: A Study of the Antecedents of Threat and Opportunity Perceptions

A model of the antecedents of managers' perceptions of market situations as threats or opportunities (strategic framing) is examined in order to explore possible explanations for managers' tendency to overlook threats and opportunities which arise due to changing market conditions. The results indicate that threat and opportunity are not polar opposites, as assumed in the literature, and that threat and opportunity perceptions have different causes. Implications of the findings for enhancing the responsiveness of firms to changing market conditions are discussed.
Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Oxide Glasses

Molecular dynamics (), one of the most important atomistic computer simulation methods, and its applications in glass simulations is introduced in this chapter. Essential ingredients of MD simulations such as empirical potentials, thermodynamic ensembles, integration algorithms, and procedures for glass structure generation, as well as structure analysis and property calculations, are covered. MD simulations of silicate-based glasses including silica glass, sodium silicate, soda lime silicate and sodium aluminosilicate glasses, silica glass/water interfaces are given as examples. Issues such as validation of simulated structure models, empirical potential development, and extending time and length scale of simulations are discussed. The chapter concludes with an outlook on future directions of MD simulations of glasses.
Introduction to animal law: Resources for online research and study

Animal law is the body of statutory and case law governing the treatment of nonhuman animals, including wildlife, companion animals, and animals used for research, entertainment, and food. Emerging rapidly on academic and legal horizons since 2000, entire programs of study at all levels are now dedicated to training students to be effective humane educators, attorneys, law enforcement officers, and citizens. High-profile court cases, such as SeaWorld v. California Coastal Commission, along with the proliferation of animal protection documentaries, such as Blackfish, Earthlings, and Tyke: Elephant Outlaw, have raised profound questions about our treatment of other species. Animal protection is now a mainstream phenomenon, largely due to the Internet and social media providing instant visibility to and awareness of the critical issues of our time.
Evaluation of Musculoskeletal Radiology Fellowship Websites.

Abstract Objective Maintaining a complete musculoskeletal (MSK) radiology fellowship website is important for recruiting residents, particularly given implementation of the new MSK Match. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the comprehensiveness of MSK fellowship program websites during the first MSK Fellowship Match. Materials and Methods A list of MSK fellowships was obtained from the Society for Skeletal Radiology website. Each program's website was searched for the presence of 23 criteria previously identified as important for radiology residents applying to fellowships (Table 1); including information about the application process, program benefits, clinical and research training, and current fellows and faculty. We used t-tests and ANOVA to compare mean number of criteria present on websites between ACGME nonaccredited and accredited programs. Results Of 89 MSK fellowship programs (15 accredited vs 74 nonaccredited), 81 (91%) had a dedicated MSK fellowship website. Only 6 (7%) assessed at least two-thirds of criteria. The most frequently included information included contact information (100%, 89/89), program description (97%, 86/89), application requirements (92%, 82/88), and length of fellowship (91%, 81/89). The least common information included elective offerings (11%, 10/89), moonlighting opportunities (9%, 8/89), social life (9%, 9/89), and a listing of fellow/faculty publications (9%, 8/89). Nonaccredited programs reported significantly more items than accredited programs (12.3 vs 10.2, P = 0.022). Conclusions MSK fellowship websites are inadequately comprehensive, with less than half of assessed criteria present, on average. Inclusion of key factors known to be important to radiology residents can serve as opportunities for MSK fellowship websites to better recruit residents.
HONO Emissions from Western U.S. Wildfires Provide Dominant Radical Source in Fresh Wildfire Smoke

Wildfires are an important source of nitrous acid (HONO), a photolabile radical precursor, yet in situ measurements and quantification of primary HONO emissions from open wildfires have been scarce...
Neonatal immune challenge induces female-specific changes in social behavior and somatostatin cell number, independent of microglial inflammatory signaling

Decreases in social behavior are a hallmark aspect of acute sickness behavior in response to infection. However, immune insults that occur during the perinatal period may have long-lasting consequences for adult social behavior by impacting the developmental organization of underlying neural circuits. Microglia, the resident immune cells of the central nervous system, are sensitive to immune stimulation and play a critical role in the developmental sculpting of neural circuits, making them likely mediators of this process. Here, we investigated the impact of a postnatal day (PND) 4 lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge on social behavior in adult mice. Somewhat surprisingly, neonatal LPS treatment decreased sociability in adult female, but not male mice. LPS-treated females also displayed reduced social interaction and social memory in a social discrimination task as compared to saline-treated females. Somatostatin (SST) interneurons within the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) have recently been suggested to modulate a variety of social behaviors. Interestingly, the female-specific changes in social behavior observed here were accompanied by an increase in SST interneuron number in the ACC. Finally, these changes in social behavior and SST cell number do not appear to depend on microglial inflammatory signaling, because microglia-specific genetic knock-down of myeloid differentiation response protein 88 (MyD88; the removal of which prevents LPS from increasing proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF alpha; and IL-1 beta) did not prevent these LPS-induced changes. This study provides novel evidence for enduring effects of neonatal immune activation on social behavior and SST interneurons in females, independent of microglial inflammatory signaling.
Oracle of Religious Liberty — Review of John T. Noonan, Jr., The Lustre of the Country: The American Experience of Religious Freedom (1998)

This brief article reviews John T. Noonan Jr.'s work on the history of religious freedom in the United States.
Impact of Insurance and Practice Type on Access to Orthopaedic Sports Medicine

Background:The Patient Protection Affordable Care Act has expanded Medicaid eligibility in recent years. However, the provisions of the act have not translated to improved Medicaid payments for spe...
New species of Orasema (Hymenoptera: Eucharitidae) from Central and South America

Six new species of Orasema are described. Four species are placed into a newly recognised lasallei species group: Orasema lasallei sp. nov. (Costa Rica, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua), O. janzeni sp....
The assembly of β-barrel membrane proteins by BAM and SAM.

Gram-negative bacteria, mitochondria, and chloroplasts all possess an outer membrane populated with a host of β-barrel outer-membrane proteins (bOMPs). These bOMPs play crucial roles in maintaining viability of their hosts and therefore, it is essential to understand the biogenesis of this class of membrane proteins. In recent years, significant structural and functional advancements have been made toward elucidating this process, which is mediated by the b-barrel assembly machinery (BAM) in Gram-negative bacteria, and by the sorting and assembly machinery (SAM) in mitochondria. Structures of both BAM and SAM have now been reported, allowing a comparison and dissection of the two machineries, with other studies reporting on functional aspects of each. Together, these new insights provide compelling support for the proposed budding mechanism, where each nascent bOMP forms a hybrid-barrel intermediate with BAM/SAM in route to its biogenesis into the membrane. Here, we will review these recent studies and highlight their contributions towards understanding bOMP biogenesis in Gram-negative bacteria and in mitochondria. We will also weigh the evidence supporting each of the two leading mechanistic models for how BAM/SAM function, and offer an outlook on future studies within the field.
Transformative Learning Connected to the Triple Bottom Line of Apparel Business Sustainability: A Thematic Analysis

Even though the small or large changes regarding sustainability are practiced in the apparel markets by the companies, there is a big gap presence from the consumers’ side. Thus, the purpose of this study is to understand apparel consumers’ knowledge of the sustainability connected to the triple bottom line by applying the transformative learning theory. A qualitative research design of focus group discussion was used for this study. Four focus groups were executed and five themes are emerged for the findings. This includes: 1) Normalizing Customer Activism, 2) Short-Sighted Actions, 3) Story Sharing with Others, 4) Filling the Information Gap, and 5) Challenging but Not Impossible. Our findings suggest that turning the sustainable product-based business from non-sustainable is not an overnight process. However, providing knowledge of sustainable practices in different stages of education based on transformative learning can speed up the process of producing and purchasing sustainable goods as well.
Doing Gender, Class, and Nation in Northern India: Student Aspirations and the New Middle Class

India’s new middle class is important in establishing a hegemonic culture and structure that legitimizes what it means to be a successful, modern Indian man or woman. This study examines the extent...
Baby Needs a New Set of Rules: Using Adoption Doctrine to regulate Embryo Donation

By treating embryos primarily as property, exisiting laws deny children conceived via assisted reproductive technology many of the protections and benefits provided to adopted children. This article describes collaborative reproduction techniques, reviews existing rules on the status of embryos, including parentage decisions in assisted reproduction cases, and compares those rules with adoption regulation. The article argues that an “intended child” approach should be used to regulate the treatment of embryos once they are intended for producing children, thereby avoiding potential concerns based on privacy rights, while providing children conceived via collaborative reproduction with the same rights and benefits provided to adoptees.
Tailoring electrocatalytic activity of in situ crafted perovskite oxide nanocrystals via size and dopant control.

Perovskite oxides (ABO3) have been widely recognized as a class of promising noble-metal–free electrocatalysts due to their unique compositional flexibility and structural stability. Surprisingly, investigation into their size-dependent electrocatalytic properties, in particular barium titanate (BaTiO3), has been comparatively few and limited in scope. Herein, we report the scrutiny of size- and dopant-dependent oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activities of an array of judiciously designed pristine BaTiO3 and doped BaTiO3 (i.e., La- and Co-doped) nanoparticles (NPs). Specifically, a robust nanoreactor strategy, based on amphiphilic star-like diblock copolymers, is employed to synthesize a set of hydrophobic polymer-ligated uniform BaTiO3 NPs of different sizes (≤20 nm) and controlled compositions. Quite intriguingly, the ORR activities are found to progressively decrease with the increasing size of BaTiO3 NPs. Notably, La- and Co-doped BaTiO3 NPs display markedly improved ORR performance over the pristine counterpart. This can be attributed to the reduced limiting barrier imposed by the formation of -OOH species during ORR due to enhanced adsorption energy of intermediates and the possibly increased conductivity as a result of change in the electronic states as revealed by our density functional theory–based first-principles calculations. Going beyond BaTiO3 NPs, a variety of other ABO3 NPs with tunable sizes and compositions may be readily accessible by exploiting our amphiphilic star-like diblock copolymer nanoreactor strategy. They could in turn provide a unique platform for both fundamental and practical studies on a suite of physical properties (dielectric, piezoelectric, electrostrictive, catalytic, etc.) contingent upon their dimensions and compositions.
Kidney Disease, Hypertension Treatment, and Cerebral Perfusion and Structure.

Abstract Rationale and Objective The safety of intensive blood pressure (BP) targets is controversial for persons with chronic kidney disease (CKD). We studied the effects of hypertension treatment on cerebral perfusion and structure in those with and without CKD. Study Design Neuroimaging substudy of a randomized trial. Setting & Participants A subset of participants in the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial who underwent brain MRI studies. Presence of baseline CKD was assessed by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and urine albumin to creatinine ratio (UACR). Intervention Participants were randomly assigned to intensive (systolic BP Outcomes The magnetic resonance imaging outcome measures were the four-year change in global cerebral blood flow, white matter lesion (WML) volume, and total brain volume. Results A total of 716 randomized participants with mean age of 68 years were enrolled; follow-up imaging occurred after a median 3.9 years. Among participants with eGFR 30 mg/g (N=151), the effects of intensive versus standard BP treatment on change in global cerebral blood flow, WMLs and total brain volume were 1.91 ml/100g/min (95% CI -3.01, 6.82), 0.003 cm3 (asinh transformed, 95% CI -0.13, 0.13), and -7.0 cm3 (95% CI -13.3, -0.3), respectively. The overall treatment effects on cerebral blood flow and total brain volume were not modified by baseline eGFR or UACR; however the effect on WMLs was attenuated in participants with albuminuria (interaction p-value 0.04). Limitations Measurement variability due to multi-site design. Conclusions Among hypertensive adults with primarily early kidney disease, intensive versus standard blood pressure treatment did not appear to have a detrimental effect on brain perfusion or structure. The findings support the safety of intensive blood pressure treatment targets on brain health in persons with early kidney disease.
BRIEF REPORT: PREVENTING LATE-LIFE DEPRESSION IN LOW – AND MIDDLE – INCOME COUNTRIES (LMICS)

As the number of older adults in low- and middle- income (LMIC) countries is expected to grow substantially over the next several decades, it is important to develop programs for the prevention of major depression in later life. These programs should be flexible enough to be adjusted to the needs of poorly resourced LMICs. The current report provides an overview of a “depression in later life” (DIL) study in Goa, India, as a promising and effective mental health prevention program, with the potential for implementation in other LMICs. DIL study uses unspecialized physicians and lay health counselors (LHCs) to deliver both scalable psychological intervention and low-intensity intervention, consistent with Institute of Medicine’s (IOM, 1994) indicated prevention approach. DIL intervention led to reduced incidence of Major Depressive Disorder in DIL-randomized participants and as such it is important in meeting the 2016-2030 United Nations Sustainable Development Goal of “Ensuring healthy lives and promoting the well-being for all at all ages."
Elastic and plastic mechanical properties of nanoparticle-based silica aerogels and xerogels

Abstract This paper reports and analyzes, for the first time, the effective Young's modulus and hardness of nanoparticle-based silica aerogels and xerogels with porosity ranging from 46 to 81%. Pure silica aerogel and xerogel monoliths were synthesized by (i) gelation of aqueous suspensions of silica nanoparticles on omniphobic substrates (PTFE or perfluorocarbon liquids), (ii) aging, (iii) drying at ambient temperature and pressure, and (iv) calcination. The aging and calcination conditions were varied to elucidate their effect on the mechanical properties of the monoliths. Both the effective Young's modulus and the hardness of the mesoporous slabs were measured by nanoindentation and were found to obey a power law as a function of the effective density. No effect of the synthetic conditions or structural parameters other than porosity were observed. Interestingly, the effective hardness was linearly proportional to the effective Young's modulus. The elastic properties of the present nanoparticle-based materials were compared with those of the molecular precursor-based silica aerogels and xerogels reported in the literature. A single relationship was proposed that can be used to estimate the effective Young's modulus of nanoparticle-based and molecular precursor-based silica aerogels and xerogels with porosity between 0 and 98% and Young's modulus between ∼10−4 and 70 GPa. Deposition of an alumina coating was also demonstrated as a way to increase the hardness of these mesoporous monoliths by a factor 2–13 for porosity of 40–73%. The experimental results and the accompanying analysis broaden the understanding of structure-property relationships in mesoporous silica and will help in the design and fabrication of mesoporous silica components.
DSPTune: a performance evaluation toolset for the SHARC signal processor

Performance tuning in the embedded systems domain poses a new set of challenges for software and hardware designers. Techniques proven to work for general purpose architectures cannot always be directly applied to the signal processor environment. Program analysis and simulation tools have been shown to be available in the analysis of general purpose microprocessors. We anticipate that similar tools will be needed to analyze the characteristics of signal processing architectures and applications as well. To meet this need, we have developed DSPTune, a program analysis toolset for the Analog Devices' SHARC DSP. This paper describes our toolset, and provides examples of its use.
Manifesting Power: Gender and the Interpretation of Power in Archaeology

Manifesting Power: Gender and the Interpretation of Power in Archaeology. Tracy L. Sweety. ed. New York: Routledge, 1999.210 pp.
Eosinophilic Neuritis and Eosinophilic Panniculitis in a Patient with Advanced Aids

A 32-year-old immunocompromised African American male on multiple medications with a history of psoriasis and prurigo nodularis presented with a new generalized, painful, pruritic, papular eruption. Histologic sections revealed epidermal changes of lichen simplex chronicus with superficial and deep perivascular infiltrate consisting of lymphocytes and frequent eosinophils. Two important histological features also identified were eosinophilic panniculitis and prominent perineural eosinophilic infiltrate with focal areas showing eosinophils extending into the substance of the nerve. A right thigh sample was also sent for Gram stain, AFB and fungal cultures, all of which were negative. Laboratory findings at this time were significant for a peripheral blood eosinophilia. The patients’ topical corticosteroid prescription was increased with minimal relief. Hypereosinophilic syndrome with dermatoses in HIV infected patients is well documented. We present a patient with advanced AIDS, generalized painful, pruritic, papular rash and peripheral blood eosinophilia. The pattern of inflammation on HIV dermatoses seen in our patient not previously described in the literature is the perineural eosinophilic infiltrate and eosinophilic panniculitis. We propose two possible explanations for these histological findings: (1) hypereosinophilic syndrome in AIDS patients is a heterogeneous disorder and may include eosinophilic neuritis with panniculitis, or (2) an exuberant drug reaction.
When two elephants fight the grass suffers: Parents and teachers working together to support the literacy development of Sudanese youth

Abstract Reading achievement and academic challenges of Sudanese children were investigated. Sudanese parents, and their children, and English as a Second Language (ESL) teachers were interviewed. Parents' and children's interviews were transcribed and four themes were generated from the data: Cultural Differences/Practices; Parent roles and expectations; Home–school relationships/interactions; Teacher expectations and practices. Results reflect the willingness of Sudanese parents to work with teachers; the need for teachers to form strong parent–teacher relationships; and for teacher practices that support students' literacy within the classroom context. Teacher interviews were used to provide a better understanding of Sudanese home–school relationships and educational issues.
The health effects of work and family role characteristics: Gender and race comparisons

Many studies have documented the benefits of work and family roles for both physical and mental health. A number of these studies have suggested that work and family roles are beneficial to the degree that they entail rewarding relationships and activities. Using data from the National Survey of Families and Households (N = 10633; 17 percent African-American), this paper examines three questions: (a) Are gender and race differences in health explained by gender and race differences in work and family roles? (b) How do characteristics of work and family roles contribute to health? (c) Are there gender and race differences in the effects of work and family role characteristics? Simple occupancy of work and family roles does not explain away gender and race differences in health. Several characteristics of work and family roles have significant health effects, but there are few significant gender and race differences in those effects, and role characteristics do not change the pattern of gender and race differences in health.
Radiolytic Transformations of Chlorinated Phenols and Chlorinated Phenoxyacetic Acids

Hydroxyl radical reactions of selected chlorinated aromatic phenols (2,4-dichlorophenol, 2,4,6-trichlorophenol, and pentachlorophenol) and chlorinated phenoxyacetic acids [2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 2,4-D methyl ester, 2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)propionic acid (2,4-DP)] were studied using the radiolysis techniques of pulse radiolysis and gamma radiolysis. Hydroxyl radical addition was the prominent reaction pathway for the chlorinated phenoxyacetic acids and also for the chlorinated phenols at pH values below the pK(a) of the compounds. A very prominent change in (*)OH reactivity was observed with the chlorinated phenoxide ions in high pH solutions. Two different reaction pathways were clearly present between the hydroxyl radical and the chlorinated phenoxide ions. One of the reaction pathways was suppressed when the concentration of chlorinated phenoxide ions was increased 10-fold. Amid a greater electron-withdrawing presence on the aromatic ring (higher chlorinated phenoxide ions), the hydroxyl radical reacted preferably by way of addition to the aromatic ring. Steady-state experiments utilizing gamma radiolysis also showed a substantial decrease in oxidation with an increase in pH of substrate.
Avoiding Fundamentalism and Relativism: A Pluralist Lutheran Theology

: In this essay I argue that the following defining principles of Luther's theology can support a pluralistic theology of religions that avoids the pitfalls of Christian fundamentalism and postmodernism's debilitating relativism: sola scriptura, extra nos, “In, With, and Under,”“Three Uses of the Law,”“Two Realms,”“the hidden and revealed God,” and theologia crucis. A Lutheran can be a pluralist, too, and in the twenty-first century, ought to be.
No Visible Scar (NVIS) Colectomy: A New Approach to Minimal Access Surgery to the Colon

Introduction: Minimally invasive surgery continues to revolutionize surgical standards with trends toward further minimalization and improved cosmesis. Approaches such as laparoendoscopic single-site surgery (LESS) and natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) have thus emerged. The authors devised an alternative method for a more efficient approach to minimally invasive surgery called no visible scar (NVIS). This study describes NVIS and its ability to provide operative capacity and outcomes similar to other minimal access techniques, but with improved cosmesis and possibly decreased associated complications. Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of patients undergoing colectomy between June 2009 and March 2010 to evaluate our outcomes with the NVIS technique (surgical approach via a 4-5 cm suprapubic site for inserting trocars/multiport and specimen extraction, with a 5-mm umbilical incision for a single trocar). Outcome measures included intraoperative complications, postoperative mor...
Uncertainty analysis of a Compton camera imaging system for radiation therapy dose reconstruction.

Purpose: Improved radiotherapy dose delivery techniques over the past decade have increased the necessity for accurate, independent verification of delivered dose. Compton camera imaging (CCI) systems may have the potential to quantitatively reconstruct three-dimensional dose delivered to the patient with little or noa priori information. Methods: In this work, the adequacy of a Compton camera imagingsystem for application to radiotherapy dosereconstruction is explored using analytical models of systemspatial and dosimetric resolution. The effects of scatter and absorption detector energy resolution, initial photon energy, and detector separation distance on system performance were calculated with the goal of determining whether current detector technology is adequate for such an application. Results: Results indicate that the energy and spatial resolutions associated with current Si and Ge double-sided strip detectors in a planar configuration is sufficient to determine dose deposition to within an average of 1.9 mm and 2.5%. Minimum values of less than 0.5 mm and 1% are achievable under certain conditions. As the energy of the photon incident on the patient increases from 1.0 to 10 MeV, system performance improves at the expense of the range of patient and detectorscattering angles over which the system is capable of reconstructingdose deposition to within the acceptable upper limits of 5 mm and 5%. System performance also improves with increasing distance between the scatter and absorption detectors, but is acceptable throughout the range of values likely to be associated with a gantry-mounted system (2–20 cm). Conclusions: The results indicate that Compton camera imagingsystems based on current solid-state detector technology have the potential to provide independent verification of dose delivered to a patient during radiation therapy. Further consideration must be given to detector efficiency and image reconstruction algorithms for this application of CCI systems.
Computational analysis of the roles of ER-Golgi network in the cell cycle

ER-Golgi network plays an important role in the processing, sorting and transport of proteins, and it's also a site for many signaling pathways that regulate the cell cycle. Accumulating evidence suggests that, the stressed ER and malfunction of Golgi apparatus are associated with the pathogenesis of cancer and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Our previous work discovered and verified that altering the expression levels of target SNARE and GEF could modulate the size of Golgi apparatus. Moreover, Golgi's structure and size undergo dramatic changes during the development of several diseases. It is of importance to investigate the roles of ER-Golgi network in the cell cycle progression and some diseases. In this work, we first develop a computational model to study the ER stress-induced and Golgi-related apoptosis-survival signaling pathways. Then, we propose and apply both asynchronous and synchronous model checking methods, which extend our previous verification technique, to automatically and formally analyze the ER-Golgi-regulated signaling pathways in the cell cycle progression through verifying some computation tree temporal logic formulas. The proposed asynchronous and synchronous verification technique has advantages for large network analysis and verification over traditional simulation methods. Using the model checking method, we verified several Alzheimer's disease and cancer-related properties, and also identified important proteins (NFκB, ATF4, ASK1 and TRAF2) in the ER-Golgi network, which might be responsible for the pathogenesis of cancer and AD. Our studies indicate that targeting the ER stress-induced and Golgi-related pathways might serve as potent therapeutic targets for the treatment of cancer and Alzheimer's disease.
Some Noncommutative Matrix Algebras Arising in the Bispectral Problem

I revisit the so called \bispectral problem" introduced in a joint paper with Hans Duistermaat a long time ago, allowing now for the differential operators to have matrix coefficients and for the eigenfunctions, and one of the eigenvalues, to be matrix valued too. In the last example we go beyond this and allow both eigenvalues to be matrix valued.
Impressions from the SMC Roadmap

Abstract A broad view of our field is offered in A Roadmap for Sound and Music Computing. However, additional topics should be considered. The roadmap could go further by suggesting study and involvement in economic and policy analysis. Also, the roadmap does not stress the importance of tool building to support the discipline. It could be beneficial to address directly the issues of ‘‘high'' art vs. entertainment and popular culture, and the field should work to adopt both under the unifying theme of sound and music computing. Because the field tends to be dispersed both in terms of specializations and geography, the potential for collaboration is especially important. These and other topics are discussed in relation to the roadmap.
Serum lipoprotein responses during active and stable weight reduction in reproductive obese females.

An increase in high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) and a reduction in low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) accompany weight reduction in obese males. In contrast, obese females have had variable responses in these two lipoproteins after weight reduction. To evaluate the effects of weight reduction in obese women, 15 morbidly obese eugonadotropic women of reproductive age had serum lipids and lipoproteins measured before and after achieving a stable and reduced weight by either diet and/or a gastric stapling procedure. Total testosterone (T), free testosterone (free T), and testosterone- binding globulin serum concentrations were also determined before and after achieving a stable reduced weight to assess the role of androgens in modulating any lipoprotein changes. In 10 subjects, lipid analysis was also performed during active weight loss. Total serum triglycerides fell from 106 ± 53 to 76 ± 30 mg/dl during active weight loss (P < 0.025). Total cholesterol, LDLC, HDL-C, and the LDL-C to HD...
Diverse clinical and pathologic features of gastric carcinoid and the relevance of hypergastrinemia

The etiology, prognosis, and optimal management of primary gastric carcinoids remain controversial. Records of 36 consecutive patients with gastric carcinoid (15 men) were reviewed retrospectively between 1975 and 1990. Follow-up was complete in 97% of cases. Mean age at diagnosis was 58.4 years (range 24–82 years). The clinical presentations included anemia (72%), pain (69%), and carcinoid syndrome (11%). Associated autoimmune and endocrine abnormalities were common and included atrophic gastritis (67%), pernicious anemia (58%), hypothyroidism (39%), diabetes (19%), Addison's disease (6%), and hyperparathyroidism (6%). Lesions were nonantral in 78%, involving only the corpus in 42%, the fundus in 28%, and only the antrum in 8%; 42% were multiple. Urinary 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) and serum gastrin levels were elevated in 17% and 50% of those tested, respectively. Histologic examination revealed that 28% of lesions were ≥2 cm, and 33% had liver metastases on presentation or developed them during follow-up. Eight patients (22%) died of tumor with a median survival of 39 months. The presence of metastases, atypical histology, serosal involvement, and size > 2 cm were adverse prognostic factors. In patients without hypergastrinemia (n=6), 66% developed metastases, 60% had elevated 5-HIAA, and 50% died of carcinoid tumor. In sharp contrast, those patients with hypergastrinemia and “typical” gastric carcinoids (n=15), metastases and death did not occur (p 2.0 cm compared to 66% in the group without elevated gastrin (p 2 cm), or present without elevated gastrin are potentially lethal and require aggressive therapy. In contrast, gastric carcinoids with typical histology and hypergastrinemia are rarely lethal, and conservative management with local excision and close observation is appropriate.
Stability of Hydrogen/Hydrocarbon Blended Fuel Flames

Anexperimentalandnumericalinvestigationispresented todelineatetheeffectson thestability ofnaturalgasjet e ames when hydrogen is added. It is observed that the e ame liftoff height decreases nonlinearly with the addition of hydrogen in a natural gas e ame. Blowout velocity sharply increases with theincrease of hydrogen content in the mixture. It is evident that hydrogen fuel dominates the stability behavior of the mixed fuel. The turbulent mixing rate of nonreacting hydrogen/hydrocarbon hybrid fuel was computed numerically. The Favre averaged Navier ‐ Stokes equations were solved numerically, and the local concentrations of hydrogen and hydrocarbon fuels were calculated for different inlet mixture conditions. The signie cance of the local concentration on the e ame stability mechanism is presented. Nomenclature BH = function of mass diffusivity of atom H BO = function of mass diffusivity of atom O BOH = function of mass diffusivity of radical OH Cr = concentration of the reactant mixture DH = binary diffusion coefe cient of H atom DO = binary diffusion coefe cient of O atom DOH = binary diffusion coefe cient of OH radical dj = burner diameter H = characteristic e ame length, Eq. (4) h = e ame length k 0 = general rate of reaction for hydrocarbon fuel L H = normalized liftoff height RH = Reynolds number based on characteristics e ame length H Re j = jet exit Reynolds number r = multiplication factor .SL/max = maximum laminar e ame speed for pure fuel Ub = blowout velocity Un = normalized blowout velocity
Patron Contact Training: A Workshop for Personnel Who Meet the Public

This article is intended to provide counselors with a format for designing and running workshops to train personnel employed in positions of high customer contact.
Regulatory gene 28 of bacteriophage SPO1 codes for a phage-induced subunit of RNA polymerase.

Abstract Phage SPO1 induces polypeptides that bind to Bacillus subtilis RNA polymerase and that apparently direct specific transcription in vitro. This report demonstrates that variants of one of these phage-induced polypeptides, termed IV (Mr 26,000), can be generated by suppression of a nonsense mutation in SPO1 regulatory gene 28. These variants differed in isoelectric point and were resolved by two-dimensional electrophoresis. This finding strongly suggests that gene 28 codes for a phage-induced subunit of RNA polymerase.
Temporal changes in the bacterial community of animal feces and their correlation with stable fly oviposition, larval development, and adult fitness.

Stable flies are blood-feeding insects with a great negative impact on animals worldwide. Larvae develop primarily in animal manure and bacteria are essential for larval development; however, the principle of this dependence is not understood. We hypothesized that as the microbial community of animal manure changes over time, it plays an important role in stable fly fitness. Two-choice bioassays were conducted using two week old horse manure (control) and aging horse manure (fresh to 5 week old) to evaluate the effect of manure age on stable fly oviposition. Our data showed that fresh feces did not stimulate oviposition and that the attractiveness increased as manure aged but started to decline after 3 weeks. Bioassays assessing the effect of manure age at the time of oviposition on larval development demonstrated that 1 to 3 week old manure supported larval development significantly better than fresh, 4, and 5 week old manure. In addition, adult fitness (body size) was significantly higher in flies from 1 and 2 week old manure comparing to that of all other treatments. Analysis of the bacterial community of aging horse manure by 454-pyrosequencing of 16S rDNA revealed a great reduction in bacterial diversity and richness from fresh to 1-5 week old manure and a major shift from strict anaerobes in fresh manure to facultative anaerobes and strict aerobes in aged manure. Overall, the microbial community of 2 and 3 week old horse manure with its dominant bacterial taxa Rhizobium, Devosia, and Brevudiomonas stimulated stable fly oviposition the most and provided a suitable habitat for larval development. These bacteria represent the candidates for studies focused on better understanding of stable fly - microbial interactions.
Association of renal agenesis and mullerian duct anomalies

Purpose: The purpose of this work was to determine the association of renal agenesis with the different types of mullerian duct anomalies (MDAs). Method: A 5 year retrospective review of MR records identified 57 patients with MDAs. Associated renal anomalies were correlated with the various types of MDAs. Results: Renal agenesis was found in 17 (29.8%) of 57 patients. No other renal anomalies were identified. Renal agenesis was more frequent in patients with uterus didelphys (13/16 cases). Renal agenesis was also seen in patients with uterine agenesis (2/5 cases) and unicornuate uterus (2/7 cases). All 11 cases of obstructed uterus didelphys were associated with renal agenesis ipsilateral to the side of the obstructing transverse hemivaginal septum. Conclusion: Renal agenesis is more commonly seen in uterus didelphys than in other types of MDAs. Renal agenesis in patients with uterus didelphys is often ipsilateral to an obstructing, transverse, hemivaginal septum.
Kinematics of the New Madrid seismic zone, central United States, based on stepover models

Seismicity in the New Madrid seismic zone (NMSZ) of the central United States is generally attributed to a stepover structure in which the Reelfoot thrust fault transfers slip between parallel strike-slip faults. However, some arms of the seismic zone do not fit this simple model. Comparison of the NMSZ with an analog sandbox model of a restraining stepover structure explains all of the arms of seismicity as only part of the extensive pattern of faults that characterizes stepover structures. Computer models show that the stepover structure may form because differences in the trends of lower crustal shearing and inherited upper crustal faults make a step between en echelon fault segments the easiest path for slip in the upper crust. The models predict that the modern seismicity occurs only on a subset of the faults in the New Madrid stepover structure, that only the southern part of the stepover structure ruptured in the A.D. 1811–1812 earthquakes, and that the stepover formed because the trends of older faults are not the same as the current direction of shearing.
A Microfluidic Mixer Utilizing Electrokinetic Relay Switching and Asymmetric Flow Geometries

Performances of a hybrid electrokinetic-passive micromixer are predicted numerically. An h/p-type spectral element method is used to simulate the mixing behavior in microdevices. The numerical algorithm employs modal spectral expansion in quadrilateral and unstructured triangular meshes and provides high-order numerical accuracy. A second-order accurate, stiffly stable integration scheme is used for temporal integration. In the numerical technique, the electric double layer is not resolved to avoid expensive computation, rather a slip velocity is assigned at the channel surface based on the electric field and the electroosmotic mobility. The presented hybrid mixing scheme takes advantages of mixing enhancements induced by asymmetric flow geometries and electrokinetic relay actuation. Effects of relay frequency, applied electric potential, channel width, and channel geometry on micromixing have been conducted. Numerical results show that electrokinetic relay at an appropriate frequency causes effective mixing. Moreover, asymmetric flow geometries and narrow channel width are critical for ultraeffective mixing. The proposed hybrid mixing scheme not only provides excellent mixing within very short time, but also can easily be integrated with microdevices for “lab-on-a-chip” applications because there is no need of any external mechanical pumps.
Specifying theories in comparative politics: Toward a more thoroughly deductive approach

Models in political science are often poorly specified prior to testing. In practice, most analysts rely on regression analysis to determine the weights for each independent variable (causal factor) identified in the model. We demonstrate a method for determining the relative weights of causal factors prior to testing of the model. The approach makes use of expert opinions in the qualitative literature in order to construct a more completely specified model in a deductive manner prior to testing. We also demonstrate several methods for assessing the degree of confidence we might have in the model based on the relative degree of divergence among the experts concerning the causal factors.
Patient preference regarding 4 types of periodontal therapy following 3 years of maintenance follow-up.

Abstract. It has been shown that certain types of periodontal therapy result in greater post-therapy gingival recession. It has been suggested that this recession may lead to maintenance complications for patients. This study evaluated patient perceptions 3 years following the completion of 4 types of periodontal therapy (coronal scaling (CS), root planing (RP), modified Widman surgery (MW), and flap with osseous resectional surgery (FO)). 75 individuals completed split-mouth therapy and 3 years of maintenance follow-up. An interview survey of all patients categorized their perception for each treatment of their mouth concerning difficulty in cleaning, sensitivity to temperature, general “feeling” of the region, prevalence of localized symptoms, food retention, comfort of oral examination, and attitude toward repeating therapy. Responses to questions showed no statistically significant differences between treatment regions. Patterns demonstrated that FO-treated regions were perceived to have less food retention, but were more difficult to clean. It was generally found that at the end of 3 years of maintenance, patients felt their mouths were “normal”, they experienced few localized symptoms, and were very willing to repeat any of the treatment regimens if necessary.
DEGRADATION OF RAFFINOSE AND STACHYOSE IN SOYBEAN MILK BY α‐GALACTOSIDASE FROM Mortierella vinacea. Entrapment of α‐galactosidase within polyacrylamide gel

The use of or-galactosidase from Mortierella vinacea to remove raffinose and stachyose in soybean milk was studied. Disrupted M. vinacea mycelium was further entrapped within 7.5% polyacrylamide gel and its general properties were determined. It was observed that there were only slight changes in optimal pH and temperature after the α-galactosidase was immobilized, while the recovery of α-galactosidase activity was approximately 65%. Three different forms (undisrupted, disrupted, and entrapped) of M, vinacea mycelium were used to hydrolyze the oligosaccharides in soybean milk Disrupted mycelium gave the highest hydrolysis ratio in these three different forms; however, it was found that after long-term usage at 50°C, the thermal stability of the disrupted mycelium was relatively poor. A fluidized reactor was chosen to be used in this study.
Cyclone Collection Efficiency: Comparison of Experimental Results with Theoretical Predictions

This paper describes the results of tests conducted on a Stairmand high-efficiency cyclone. The cyclone was pilot-plant scale with a design air flow of 0.139 m3/s (300 cfm). Collection efficiency and pressure drop were measured over a range of air flows at ambient temperature and pressure. An oil mist was used as a test aerosol because it consisted of spherical drops of uniform density unlikely to bounce or reentrain after striking the cyclone wall. At each air flow, a fractional efficiency curve (collection efficiency versus particle diameter) was determined. Experimental curves were compared with fractional efficiency curves generated by several cyclone efficiency theories. Over the range of particle sizes measured (1 to 7 μm), the predictions of a modified version of Barth's theory and the Leith-Licht theory were closest to experimental results.