cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Critical Race Analysis of Travel for Transformation: Pedagogy for the Privileged or Vehicle for Socio-Cultural Transformation?

Transformative learning theory (TLT) describes the process of reframing discriminative, untenable worldviews with a more inclusive, permeable, and reflective epistemology. Although TLT has been around for more than 50 years, few studies empirically engage critical theoretical frameworks to move beyond personal learning to identify the impacts of transformation on society. Through a critical race theory (CRT) framework, this study analyzed how the participants’ socio-cultural identities (race, class, gender, sexuality, and heritage language) impacted the transformative learning of eight study-abroad students from a medium-sized, rural Midwestern university. Focusing on the extent to which the participants experienced the elements of transformative learning during a month-long study-abroad experience in Spain, this project explored what the experience of traveling to an “other” place and experiencing “otherness” had on transformative learning. This qualitative study drew from extensive ethnographic observations, photo analysis, and informal, semi-formal, and focus-group interviews. During the study, the researcher analyzed data to construct codes and categories for further analysis, incorporating multiple member-checks to promote the narratives of the participants. Following data collection, the researcher used constructivist grounded theory to further scrutinize the data searching for salient themes and patterns connected to the research questions. Race and class privilege (or marginalization) had an impact on the study-abroad participants’ worldviews and transformative learning. Participants from backgrounds of racial and class privilege experienced transformations that were deeply engaging on a personal
The response of breast cancer patients with bone pain to L-dopa.

The response of 30 patients with metastatic breast cancer to Levodopa (L-34-dyhydroxphenylalanine) is presented. All of these patients had bone pain. Each morning that the Levodopa test was performed a fasting blood sample was taken to be examined for prolactin estrone estradiol estratriol FSH LH and progesterone. 250 mg of Levodopa was then given by mouth every 4 hours for 48 hours. If bone pain persisted the dose was increased to 500 mg every 4 hours. 20 patients had no relief and were subsequently treated with chemotherapy; 12 showed response. For 10 patients relieved of pain endocrine ablative surgery was recommended or they could continue the Levodopa therapy at home. In these 10 the bone scans became negative osteolytic lesions resolved and local tenderness disappeared. 9 were pain-free for 3 or more months while receiving only the drug. Some have failed to continue to respond to Levodopa but have responded to Coopers regimen. The 3 patients who later had ablative surgery have responded favorably. The Levodopa test suggests a method of determining the endocrine responsiveness of a breast cancer and the probability of benefit from endocrine ablative surgery. Missing 1 tablet by as little as 1 hour may result in a serum prolactin rebound hypersecretion that may never again be under good control. In unresponsive patients the drug may not be able to stimulate the release of the prolactin inhibiting factor.
Proximate composition, photosynthetic and respiratory responses of the seagrass Halophila engelmannii from Florida

An increase in soluble carbohydrate occurred in December as compared to September 1985 in all structures of the seagrass Halophila engelmannii Ascherson suggesting a storage function. Protein levels in the leaves were constant (10.4–11.5% dry wt.), indicating continued growth in December. Lipid levels were low (0.1–1.5% dry wt.) Ash levels were lower in the estuarine population (23–44% dry wt.) than in the population having higher salinities (35–64%). Cellulose levels were higher in the rhizome (20.5–25.0% dry wt.) than in the leaves (11.6–14.3% dry wt.) unlike other seagrasses. Lignin did not account for more than 3.8% of the dry weight. Photosynthesis saturated at approximately 500 μE m−2 s−1 and photoinhibition occurred at higher photon flux densities. Photosynthetic responses to 12 combinations of temperature and salinity suggest broader tolerancesin the oceanic than in the estuarine population. Higher photosynthetic responses in plantscollected from both sites in December support the suggestion of continued growth.
Assignment of the 7Li2 optically pumped laser transitions pumped by Ar+ and Kr+ laser lines

Welling and Wellegehausen (1977) have reported a list of Na2 and Li2 lines (belonging to B-X and A-X systems) which lase when vapors of these dimers are pumped with an Ar(+) or Kr(+) laser. A description is presented of a fluorescence study of the A-X system of the (Li-7)2 molecule excited by a Kr(+) laser (6471 A). The optically pumped laser lines are identified as P and R doublets in two different fluorescence series. The conditions which favor lasing action of these lines are pointed out. All but one of the known optically pumped laser lines of (Li-7)2 along with their assignments are presented in a table. For each pumping line, several additional wavelengths are listed which satisfy the condition for laser oscillations and which might well lase well under slightly improved conditions.
Airborne scanning lidar observations of aircraft contrails and cirrus clouds during SUCCESS

An angular scanning backscatter lidar was deployed on the NASA DC-8 research aircraft as part of SUCCESS. The lidar viewing direction could be continuously scanned from vertically upward to forward to vertically downward. Real-time pictorial displays generated from lidar signatures were used to locate clouds and contrails above, ahead of, and below the DC-8; to depict their spatial structure; and to help select DC-8 altitudes for achieving optimum sampling by onboard in situ sensors. The lidar data are being analyzed to establish their value in the interpretation and extension of the in situ sensor databases. Data examples are presented that illustrate (1) correlation with particulate, gas, and radiometric measurements made by onboard sensors, (2) discrimination and identification between contrails observed by the onboard sensors, (3) a 13.1 km altitude layer that exhibits greatly enhanced vertical backscatter relative to off-vertical backscatter, and (4) mapping of vertical distributions of individual precipitating ice crystals and their capture by cloud layers.
Amplified reflection, transmission, and self-oscillation in real-time holography

A theory of phase conjugation in asymmetric materials that allow a phase shift between the grating and the light-interference pattern is developed. We find that when this phase is nonzero, maximum phase-conjugate reflectivity occurs for unequal pump intensities. The conditions for self-oscillation are studied.
Affinity purification of antibodies of regulatory subunits of cAMP-dependent protein kinase using cross-linked immunoabsorbent.

Abstract The purification of antibodies of the regulatory subunit (R) of type I (R I ) and type II (R II ) cAMP-dependent protein kinases is achieved by using a cross-linked R I - and R II -Sepharose with 5 mM glutaraldehyde. The cross-linking eliminates the problem of ‘leaking out’ of coupled R during the affinity chromatography of R I and R II antibodies. The general utility of this method for purification of antibodies for the immunocytochemical localization of other proteins as of R is discussed.
Mice Deficient for a Small Cluster of Piwi-Interacting RNAs Implicate Piwi-Interacting RNAs in Transposon Control

The mammalian testis expresses a class of small noncoding RNAs that interact with mammalian PIWI proteins. In mice, the PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) partner with mammalian PIWI proteins, PIWIL1 and PIWIL2, also known as MIWI and MILI, to maintain transposon silencing in the germline genome. Here, we demonstrate that inactivation of Nct1/2, two noncoding RNAs encoding piRNAs, leads to derepression of LINE-1 (L1) but does not affect mouse viability, spermatogenesis, testicular gene expression, or fertility. These findings indicate that piRNAs from a cluster on chromosome 2 are necessary to maintain transposon silencing.
The Utility of the T-maze in Assessing Learning, Memory, and Models of Neurological Disorders in the Zebrafish

The field of zebrafish research has a firm foundation in the realm of genetics and developmental biology. The volume of research in this area, coupled with concerted efforts at replication and validation of the findings have effectively established the zebrafish model as an important one within these fields. A host of studies have expanded the utility of this model into the fields of neuroscience, cognition, and behavior (broadly defined). With the recent sequencing of the genome, along with the ease and availability of genetic mutant models, the opportunity exists to expand upon the knowledge of the genetic origins and the influencing factors of genes on neurobehavioral components, most notably, learning and memory. Biochemical, histological, neurological, and anatomical data suggest that zebrafish are a viable model of human disease states and a solid candidate for the screening of pharmacotherapies. In order to effectively assess the effects of experimentally administered drugs, it is imperative that we have a thorough baseline understanding of zebrafish behavior and performance on learning and memory tasks. Not only must these tests be developed, but they must also be empirically assessed and found to be both reliable and valid. To this end, zebrafish researchers have implemented the use of the T-maze.
Language processing and commonsense reasoning

The goal of this project is to develop the technology to construct intelligent, natural-language-capable agents. Such agents will have natural language and reasoning capabilities that facilitate interaction with untrained users who are seeking information pertinent to tasks in which they are engaged. Emphasis is given to techniques for creating such agents for new domains, focusing specifically on portability and knowledge acquisition. In particular, we have been developing DIRC (Domain Independent Retargetable Consultant), a kind of intelligent, natural-language-capable consultation shell, and a number of mechanisms for world and language knowledge acquisition.
Combustion/micropyretic synthesis of atomically thin two-dimensional materials for energy applications

In recent years progress in the materials research field has been associated with the discovery of graphene and other two-dimensional atomic crystals. Those materials uniquely combine many exceptional properties, which make them highly attractive for a variety of applications. Despite significant advancement in synthesis and processing, the relevance of those materials is essentially driven by progress in their production. In the past 3 years, several unique inexpensive combustion-based approaches have been developed to prepare the nanomaterials. This article specifically aims to be an overview of current trends and as a perspective of combustion synthesis of 2D-crystals. We summarized the benefits of extreme combustion conditions for atomic-scale processing and integration of these materials for advanced energy applications.
Nonlinear least-squares fitting of first-order rate coefficients (comparison between the Gauss-Seidel method and Swain's KORE program)

Abstract Swain and co-workers at MIT recently composed a 92-statement FORTRAN computer program to evaluate first-order rate coefficients from kinetic data. The
Non-Photochemical Quenching. A Response to Excess Light Energy

Plants and algae have a love/hate relationship with light. As oxygenic photoautotrophic organisms, they require light for life; however, too much light can lead to increased production of damaging reactive oxygen species as byproducts of photosynthesis. In extreme cases, photooxidative damage can
The inhibition of certain protozoa by diaminoalkoxypyridines

Abstract Tetrahymena and Crithidia are inhibited by 2,6-diaminopyridine, more so by 4-methoxy- and 4-ethoxy-2,6-diaminopyridine. Six more compounds were synthesized extending the alkyl group to six carbons; two were iso. Inhibitory effect increases with the length of the alkyl chain. Reversal was obtained in Tetrahymena with lipide materials, in Crithidia with biopterin.
Hormone Ontogeny in the Ovine Fetus. XXIV. Porcine Follicular Fluid “Inhibins” Selectively Suppress Plasma Follicle-Stimulating Hormone in the Ovine Fetus*

The gonads of the late gestational ovine fetus synthesize inhibin, and under the influence of FSH the concentration and content of inhibin bioactivity in fetal testes and ovaries increases. In the present study we administered inhibin-rich charcoal-treated porcine follicular fluid (pff) as a bolus to eight chronically catheterized ovine fetuses between 116 and 128 days gestation. FSH levels decreased significantly to 81.3 +/- 4.0% of baseline values after 210 min and decreased further to 71.7 +/- 4.0% throughout the sampling period (5 h). LH levels were not affected by this treatment. An estimate of the secretion rate by integration of the response curve showed a significant decrease in the concentration of plasma ovine (o) FSH after pff compared with saline injection (-28.5 +/- 10.9 U after pff vs. +19.7 +/- 8.8 U after saline; P less than 0.01), while oLH secretion remained unaltered (116.6 +/- 102.1 U after pff vs. 174.5 +/- 99.4 U after saline; P = NS). These data show that in the late gestation ovine fetus pituitary secretion of oFSH, but not oLH, is selectively decreased by inhibin-rich pff, recognizing that the net FSH-suppressing activity of pff is the sum of the actions of FSH-stimulating (e.g. activin) and -suppressing (inhibin and follistatins) factors. Thus, the inhibin-FSH feedback mechanism is potentially functional at least by 0.8d gestational age, raising the possibility of a role for inhibin in the decline of circulating fetal FSH toward term.
Late ultrastructural changes in neuronal mitochondria after lonizing radiation of the brain.

Brain tissue was examined for morphological changes at 12 and 16 months after focal irradiation of the brain in female mice. Irradiation was performed with deuteron beams derived from the 60-inch Brookhaven cyclotron at a rate of 1925 rad second/sup -1/ through an anti-Bragg device which produced uniform exposure. Experimental animals received a dose of 10,000 rad, covering a 9 x 5 mm area over the skull and extending into the brain for a depth of about 2 mm. An additional group of animals served as sham-irradiated controls. Histological studies revealed extensive cell loss, vacuolation, and prominent vascular changes in irradiated regions of the brain at 16 months post-irradiation. Ultrastructural examination of brain tissue at 12 and 16 months after irradiation revealed the presence of unusual elongated mitochondria with parallel arrays of cristae. Altered mitochondria were more prevalent at the longer post-irradiation interval.
Chronic hibernation and chronic stunning: A continuum

Identification of myocardial viability is of increasing clinical importance in managing patients with coronary artery disease and advanced left ventricular dysfunction. Although viable chronically dysfunctional myocardium is always the result of repetitive episodes of reversible ischemia, there may be multiple mechanisms responsible for the contractile dysfunction. Many patients have contractile dysfunction with normal resting perfusion, as determined by imaging, that is related to chronic myocardial stunning. Viability studies are generally unnecessary because normal resting perfusion would preclude significant fibrosis. The clinical problem arises in evaluating patients with depressed resting flow that can be due to hibernating myocardium or nontransmural infarction. In this circumstance viability studies are required to assess the likelihood of functional recovery after revascularization. Although hibernating myocardium was originally posited to develop in response to prolonged episodes of myocardial ischemia (experimentally termed "short-term hibernation"), subsequent studies have shown that this tenuous balance can only be maintained for a period of several hours before resulting in some degree of subendocardial infarction. More recent experimental studies have demonstrated that there is a progression from chronic stunning with normal flow to hibernating myocardium with reduced resting flow. This presumably arises from repetitive episodes of spontaneous ischemia that increase in frequency as the physiologic significance of a coronary stenosis progresses. Thus in this new paradigm reduced flow is a result, rather than the cause, of the contractile dysfunction. This review summarizes basic and clinical pathophysiologic studies supporting the claim that chronic stunning and hibernation are distinct entities that may represent opposite ends of a continuum of mechanisms in viable chronically dysfunctional myocardium.
Glutathione S-transferase P1 Ile105Val polymorphism modulates allergen-induced airway inflammation in human atopic asthmatics in vivo

BACKGROUND Glutathione S-transferase P1 is a Phase II cytoprotective and detoxifying enzyme that is widely expressed in human airways. The glutathione S-transferase P1 Ile105Val polymorphism has been linked with atopic disorders and asthma. Yet, little remains known about the regulation of allergic inflammation by glutathione S-transferase P1 in human asthmatics. OBJECTIVE To establish the effect of the glutathione S-transferase P1 Ile105Val polymorphism on allergen-induced airway inflammation and oxidant stress, and non-specific bronchial hyperresponsiveness to methacholine and reactivity to specific allergen in mild human atopic asthmatics in vivo. METHODS Five Val(105)/Val(105) , twelve Val(105)/Ile(105) and twenty Ile(105)/Ile(105) mild atopic asthmatics underwent methacholine challenge, inhaled allergen challenge and endobronchial allergen provocation through a bronchoscope. A panel of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, F2 -isoprostanes and isofuranes, markers of oxidative stress, thromboxane B2 and immunoglobulin E were measured in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid at baseline and 24 h after allergen instillation. RESULTS Asthmatics with glutathione S-transferase P1 Val(105)/Val(105) compared with asthmatics with the glutathione S-transferase P1 Val(105)/Ile(105) and Ile(105)/Ile(105) had greater generation of acute phase cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, CXCL8), IL-12, CCL11, thromboxane B2 and immunoglobulin E at 24 h after local allergen challenge. The GSTP1 genotype had no effect on airway hyperresponsiveness to methacholine and the reactivity to specific allergen. CONCLUSION The glutathione S-transferase P1 Ile105Val polymorphism markedly modifies allergen-provoked airway inflammation in atopic asthmatics in vivo. Modulation of the biochemical milieu in response to allergen provides a mechanistic explanation for regulatory effects of glutathione S-transferase P1 polymorphism on airway pathophysiology, and may guide improvement of future therapeutic methods in human atopic asthmatics. These findings must me confirmed in a larger study population of asthmatics with various ethnicities.
Association of adverse perinatal outcomes with screening measures of obstructive sleep apnea.

Association of adverse perinatal outcomes with screening measures of obstructive sleep apnea
Pancreatic pain: a mini review.

Pain management is one of the corner stones in the treatment of pancreatitis. There are a variety of pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies to manage the symptoms. Recognizing the type of
Aging Modifies the Cardiac Response to Estrogen: A New Dimension to Hormone Replacement Therapy

In this issue of Hypertension , Jazbutyte et al1 introduce the novel idea that aging impairs the ability of the heart to respond to estrogen replacement. Using young (3-month-old) and senescent (24-month-old) spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs), they compared the effect of estrogen on cardiac hypertrophy and gene expression in rats given ovariectomy with and without estrogen replacement. They hypothesized that estrogen replacement would differentially alter the cardiac hypertrophic response to ovariectomy. After sham or ovariectomy surgery with and without estrogen replacement, the young and senescent rats were followed for 6 weeks. Blood pressure was elevated in all of the groups and was not affected by estrogen supplementation. Estrogen attenuated the increase in relative heart weight in the ovariectomized young group but not in the senescent group. Cardiac estrogen receptor α levels were lower in the senescent rats (both intact and ovariectomy groups) compared with the corresponding young groups, and estrogen replacement increased receptor levels. In addition, α myosin heavy chain levels decreased and β myosin heavy chain levels increased in all 3 of the senescent groups. In rodents, α myosin heavy chain is the predominant isoform, and a shift in isoforms is a marker of cardiac hypertrophy.2 Estrogen attenuated the decrease in α myosin heavy chain in young ovariectomized rats but not senescent rats. Together, these data implicate an age-related loss in cardiac estrogen sensitivity with the development of cardiac hypertrophy. That the same levels of estrogen can have differential effects on …
A test of the becker-doering theory of nucleation kinetics☆☆☆

Abstract Intensive consideration was given to the possibility of developing a method for studies of gas-phase nucleation which would be better than the usual cloud-chamber techniques. The method selected and developed involves steady-state production of nuclei in a turbulent jet where a dilute vapor issuing from a nozzle is rapidly quenched by a cooler annular gas stream. The nuclei are grown, and the resulting aerosol particles are electronically counted by means of light-scattering instrumentation. Equations are developed for the rate of production of nuclei in the jet under steady-state conditions. With their application, the pre-exponential and exponential factors of the Becker-Doering equation were separately determined from data on dibutyl phthalate (DBP), triethylene glycol (TEG), and n -octadecane (OCD). Heterogeneous nucleation was observed with DBP, OCD, and sulfur vapor. A critical resume of the Becker-Doering theory is given. Large deviations from the theory observed with TEG are discussed in relation to the effects of hydrogen bonding on the structure of the critical nucleus.
Conductance and statistical properties of metallic spectra.

We present a new expression of the dissipative conductance and study under which conditions it is equal to the Thouless conductance defined as the curvature of the energy levels for a change of the boundary conditions. This equality is related to the transition between different classes of universality of random matrices.
Effects of a subcutaneous insulin protocol, clinical education, and computerized order set on the quality of inpatient management of hyperglycemia: Results of a clinical trial

BACKGROUND: Inpatient hyperglycemia is associated with poor patient outcomes. It is unknown how best to implement glycemic management strategies in the non–intensive care unit (ICU) setting. OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of a multifaceted quality improvement intervention on the management of medical inpatients with diabetes mellitus or hyperglycemia. DESIGN: Before-after trial. SETTING: Geographically localized general medical service staffed by physician's assistants (PAs) and hospitalists. PATIENTS: Consecutively enrolled patients with type 2 diabetes or inpatient hyperglycemia. INTERVENTION: A detailed subcutaneous insulin protocol, an admission order set built into the hospital's computerized order entry system, and case-based educational workshops and lectures to nurses, physicians, and PAs. MEASUREMENTS: Mean percent of glucose readings per patient between 60 and 180 mg/dL; percent patient-days with hypoglycemia; insulin use patterns; and hospital length of stay. RESULTS: The mean percent of readings per patient between 60 and 180 mg/dL was 59% prior to the intervention and 65% afterward (adjusted effect size 9.7%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.6%-18.8%). The percent of patient days with any hypoglycemia was 5.5% preintervention and 6.1% afterward (adjusted odds ratio 1.1; 95% CI, 0.6–2.1). Use of scheduled nutritional insulin increased from 40% to 75% (odds ratio 4.5; 95% CI, 2.0–9.9) and adjusted length of stay decreased by 25% (95% CI, 9%-44%). Daily insulin adjustment did not improve, nor did glucose control beyond hospital day 3. CONCLUSIONS: This multifaceted intervention, which was easy to implement and required minimal resources, was associated with improvements in both insulin ordering practices and glycemic control among non-ICU medical patients. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2009;4:16–27. © 2009 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Network performance evaluation of Microsoft Office Communications Server 2007

Instant multimedia communication has moved into mainstream application scenarios and is used in various settings. Dimensioning future networks into which these solutions are integrated requires knowledge of the underlying traffic characteristics of these systems. Here we present findings for the Microsoft Office Communication Server deployed at a midsize educational institution in the upper Midwest. We find that different individual banndwidth utilizing classes of communication clients or endpoints can be identified that shape the overall server traffic significantly and range from self-similar to random bandwidth utilization patterns over time. Using our initial findings presented here allows for future network capacity planning and bandwidth utilization modeling before deployment of this and similar solutions.
Concepts of reproduction and its regulation in the history of western civilization

Abstract Concepts of reproduction and its limitation have varied considerably in western history. Ancient ideas and practices progressed from a magico-religious form to one of more rational and empirical nature, but they remained relatively crude and incomplete. The dominant attitudes of the medieval period discouraged progress in the understanding of reproduction and attempts at its control. As the secularization of western society and scientific inquiry gained momentum during the modern period, knowledge of reproduction increased, and by the end of the nineteenth century investigators had arrived at an understanding of the first processes of embryonic development. This knowledge was not, however, soon applied to the control of reproduction. The latter, expressed in contemporary attitudes and practices, required more adequate understanding of female reproductive physiology and the acceptance of the principle of conception control at the societal level.
Compactness in fuzzy topological spaces

Abstract Since earlier approaches to compactness in fuzzy spaces have serious limitations, we propose a new definition of fuzzy space compactness. In doing so, we observe that it is possible to have degrees of compactness, which we call α-compactness (α a member of a designated lattice). We obtain a Tychonoff Theorem for an arbitrary product of α-compact fuzzy spaces and a 1-point compactification. We prove that the fuzzy unit interval is α-compact.
SAGE: software agent-based groupware using e-services

Service-oriented computing (SOC) suggests that the Internet will be an open repository of millions of modular capabilities realized as web services. Organizations may be able to leverage this SOC paradigm if their employees are able to ubiquitously incorporate such capabilities and their resulting information into their daily practices. This paper presents an architecture, Software Agent-Based Groupware using E-services (SAGE), that incorporates the use of intelligent agents to help integrate organizational processes with web services. Our first steps toward the development of SAGE consist of an operational concept and middleware prototype (i.e. groupware plug-in) to mediate service-oriented information.
Differences in diagnostic patterns in Britain and America.

Abstract Since 1935, it has been repeatedly noted that English psychiatrists diagnose affective disorders, particularly manic depressive psychosis, more often on first admission than American psychiatrists.1,2 They diagnose schizophrenia less frequently. The first systematic review of these differences was done by Kramer in 1961.3,4 He observed that overall first admission rates in the United States and United Kingdom were reasonably close, but in the United Kingdom schizophrenia was diagnosed 50% less often and manic depressive psychosis nearly 900% more often than in the United States. In a study at the New York Psychiatric Institute, it was noted that the diagnosis of schizophrenia increased rapidly in the 1940s and peaked about 1952.5 When charts were reviewed and rediagnosed by a British-trained psychiatrist, the number of cases diagnosed as schizophrenia decreased. These and other observations led naturally to speculation. Are hospitalized patients different in Britain or is the difference only one of diagnostic criteria? If the patients are different, is the difference in first admission diagnosts the result of toleration of different forms of mental aberration or are different diagnoses kept at home in the two countries? Is the major difference in psychiatric training? These questions seemed to present an excellent, naturally occurring opportunity to study patient pathology, psychiatric criteria for diagnosis, and the cultural attitudes and tolerance toward varying forms of mental aberration.
Purification of cortactin using anion exchange chromatography (755.2)

Cortactin is an actin-binding protein that has been shown to be involved in cellular migration and metastases in cancer. Bacterially expressed and purified cortactin protein is often used in in vit...
Finite union of commutative power joined semigroups

A commutative semigroup is called power joined if for every element a, b there are positive integers m, n such that am=bn. A commutative power joined semigroup is archimedean (p. 131, [3]) and cannot be decomposed into the disjoint union of more than one subsemigroup. Every commutative semigroup is uniquely decomposed into the disjoint union of power joined subsemigroups which are called the power joined components. This paper determines the structure of commutative archimedean semigroups which have a finite number of power joined components. The number of power joined components of commutative archimedean semigroups is one or three or infinity.
Complex Dynamics in the Quadratically Non-Linear Response of a Rotating Ring With Elastic Hub

Abstract The truncated quadratically non-linear partial differential equations of motion of a rotating ring with an elastic hub subject to temporally harmonic point loading are derived using Hamilton's principle. The system is reduced to a set of two second order ordinary differential equations by using a single (axisymmetric) mode to approximate the spatial distribution of the lineal displacements. Periodic solutions of the discretized equations of motion are constructed using a shooting technique. The bifurcation behavior of the response is investigated by varying both the amplitude and the frequency of the forcing. This behavior includes the phenomena of turning point bifurcations and period-doubling cascades, the latter leading to chaos.
Culture Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells With Calcium Phosphate Cement Scaffolds for Bone Repair

Because of its moldability and excellent osteoconductivity, calcium phosphate cement (CPC) is highly promising for craniofacial and orthopedic applications. The objectives of this study were to investigate the response of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) to a high-strength CPC-chitosan scaffold and to examine cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. hMSCs were seeded onto CPC-chitosan composite, CPC control, and tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS). Alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP) and mineralization of hMSCs were measured. CPC-chitosan had a flexural strength (mean + or - SD; n = 5) of (19.5 + or - 1.4) MPa, higher than (8.0 + or - 1.4) MPa of CPC control (p 0.1). The CPC-chitosan surface area covered by the attached hMSCs increased from (51 + or - 11)% at 1 day to (90 + or - 4)% at 8 days (p 0.1). Hence, the CPC strength was significantly increased via chitosan without compromising the hMSC response. At 8 days, there was a significant increase in ALP of cells in osteogenic media (10.99 + or - 0.93) [(mM pNpp/min)/(microg DNA)] versus control media (3.62 + or - 0.40) (p < 0.05). hMSCs in osteogenic media exhibited greater mineralization area of (47.5 + or - 19.7)% compared with (6.1 + or - 2.3)% in control medium on TCPS (p < 0.05). In conclusion, hMSCs showed excellent attachment and viability on the strong and tough CPC-chitosan scaffold, matching the hMSC response on CPC control. hMSCs were successfully differentiated down the osteogenic lineage. Hence, the strong, in situ hardening CPC-chitosan scaffold may be useful as a moderate load-bearing vehicle to deliver hMSCs for maxillofacial and orthopedic bone tissue engineering.
Visualizing Domain Coherence: Social Informatics as a Case Study

Using bibliometric methods of inquiry, one of the eleven approaches of domain-analytic research offered by HjOrland (2002), we were able to visualize the emerging field of social informatics (SI). Past research has demonstrated the breadth and depth of biblometric tools by investigating a variety of research communities (White and Griffith 1981; Tsay 1989; McCain 1991; Borgman and Rice 1992; White and McCain 1998; Smiraglia 2006, 2009, Moore 2007; Jank 2010). Using the published literature produced in SI from 1997 through 2009, allowed visualization of domain-coherence in SI. Concepts that were utilized by which to measure domain coherence include the number of ideas espoused (Collins 1998, 42), scholarly productivity (Crane 1972), and the number of scholars participating (Price 1986; Collins 1998). In this lightning paper based on a recent dissertation (Hoeffner 2012) we will present a visualization based on the analysis of social informatics’ literature, showing growth in publication productivity, evidence of intellectually and socially connected scholars, reliance on scholars from within the fields of information science, and computer science, and two or three topical areas of interest that pertained to communication and aspects of computer mediation, as well as policy and access. Discourse among scholars was evident, and although the Journal of the American Society for Information Science & Technology overwhelming published the largest number of SI work, there was representation in a few key journals. Author co-citation patterns revealed a core group of scholars commonly cited together, and an investigation of self-citation practices revealed slightly less evidence among SI’s most prolific authors than in science overall. Recently, Smiraglia (2012) defined a domain as “a domain is a group with an ontological base that reveals an underlying teleology, a set of common hypotheses, epistemological consensus on methodological approaches, and social semantics.” Our visualization demonstrates continued coherence of SI as a domain.
Cholecystokinin octapeptide, proglumide, and conditioned taste avoidance in rats.

Abstract Past research has shown that large (pharmacological) doses of cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8) can influence conditioned behavior in rats. In the present study rats were allowed to locate and drink from a drinking tube that contained a sucrose solution. Following 30 sec exposure to the sucrose, intraperitoneal injections of NaCl or CCK-8 were given, with several variables measured 24 hr later. CCK-8 (100 μg/kg) was found to increase the latency to begin drinking the sucrose. It was also found that CCK-8 (10 μg/kg and 100 μg/kg) reduced the amount of sucrose consumption following the pairing of sucrose exposure and CCK-8. In addition, CCK-8 (100 μg/kg) reduced the amount of time rats spent in the area of the conditioning apparatus where the sucrose was located. These results are consistent with past research which found that CCK-8 can produce conditioned taste avoidance in rats. These results suggest that pharmacological doses of CCK-8 can act as an aversive stimulus during conditioning. Proglumide was found to block all of the effects produced by CCK-8 while producing little effect by itself.
The effectiveness of Bacillus thuringiensis formulations for the control of larvae of Schizura concinna on Cercis occidentalis trees in California

Five commercial formulations ofBacillus thuringiensis (Berliner) were found to be effective for control of larvae of the red-humped caterpillar,Schizura concinna (Smith & Abbot), an important defoliator of broad-leaved trees in California. The formulations tested were Biotrol® BTB 183 25 W, Biotrol® XK, Dipel®, Thuricide® HPC, and Thuricide® 90TS 950T. As a result of these trials,B. thuringiensis replaced chemical insecticides for the control of this pest in 1970, and has provided effective control as part of an operational pest management programme for four years.
Biochemical compounds in offshore California sediments and sea waters

Abstract Amino acids and sugars in marine basin sediments, in particulate matter of overlying waters, and in solution in these waters were investigated. Comparison of the percentage distribution of amino acids in sediments with those dissolved or in suspended particulate matter in overlying waters reveals several interesting differences. Arginine decreases rapidly with depth in the particulate matter and is not present in the dissolved state, whereas it is highly abundant in the sediments. In contrast, ornithine, serine and glycine are relatively more abundant in the water. The high concentration of β-alanine in sediments and its absence in the sea may result from a possible decarboxylation of aspartic acid. With depth of burial, glutamic and aspartic acids increase. Experimental data suggest that part of the amino acids in sediments are produced biologically by microbes and burrowing animals in the early stages of diagenesis and that they are not merely survivors of diagenesis. Comparable biogeochemical differences between organic matter in the sea and that in sediments are observed in the case of sugars. Here again, carbohydrates are both products and survivors of diagenesis. Certain phenols and indoles also are found in the sediments and the sea. A tentative interpretation is offered as to the probable source of the organic matter in the sediments.
A teleprocessing approach using standard equipment

The techniques described have all been implemented and are working well in an on-line environment assisting control of a vital national facility. The teleprocessing design is not just a technique to combine low-speed and high-speed terminals in one general package; it also provides a basis for development of techniques to provide real-time control facilities on standard general-purpose equipment and support programs. This basis is achieved by the automatic, on-line philosophy of the teleprocessing control program. This program is designed to run 24 hours a day, 7 days a week with minimal operator intervention. No external contact between operators of the central system or the terminal is needed. The foundation is laid for the next development, that of entering direct monitoring signals into the TCP and initiating appropriate calculations or responses. The multiprocessing control by ASP fulfills the reliability consideration of such a system, and it is feasible to build on this to provide automatic reconfiguration after failure, which is a requirement of real-time control. Already, the system described here is capable of reinitializing and restarting itself from an intermittent equipment or program failure, and is running in the environment of a normal batch job processing system.
Performance of Loss-Tolerant TCP (LT-TCP) in the Presence of Correlated Losses

TCP is a ubiquitous transport protocol in the Internet. However in wireless ad-hoc environments where links are unreliable, TCP has a number of performance issues. The essential reason is that TCP considers all packet losses to be due to congestion and reduces its send rate, which is not necessarily appropriate in a lossy ad-hoc environment. We have implemented Loss Tolerant TCP (LT-TCP), which addresses this issue among others in a standard Linux kernel. LT-TCP uses Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN) and forward error correction (FEC) to mitigate the effects of ad-hoc losses. In previous experimentation, we have seen a speedup of nearly two orders of magnitude using LT-TCP vs. TCP-SACK for file transfers in the presence of uncorrelated losses. We hypothesize that correlation of losses will affect the performance of the protocols and is particularly relevant to directional wireless links. In the current work, we present and compare the two protocols using a correlated loss process, whereby packets suffer the same fate as previous packets with a parameterized probability. Results show that LT-TCP performance remains stable for the amount of correlation we introduce, while TCP-SACK suffers extreme degradation. Further analysis of both protocols is warranted to discern the reasons for this disparity. Based on these results, we remain encouraged that LT-TCP is a viable approach to addressing transport protocol performance in wireless ad-hoc networks.
Immuno Gold Nanocages with Tailored Optical Properties for Targeted Photothermal Destruction of Cancer Cells

Gold nanocages with a relatively small size (e.g., ∼45 nm in edge length) have been developed, and the structure of these nanocages was tailored to achieve strong absorption in the near-infrared (NIR) region for photothermal cancer treatment. Numerical calculations show that the nanocage has a large absorption cross section of 3.48 × 10-14 m2, facilitating conversion of NIR irradiation into heat. The gold nanocages were conjugated with monoclonal antibodies (anti-HER2) to target epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR) that are overexpressed on the surface of breast cancer cells (SK-BR-3). Our preliminary photothermal results show that the nanocages strongly absorb light in the NIR region with an intensity threshold of 1.5 W/cm2 to induce thermal destruction to the cancer cells. In the intensity range of 1.5−4.7 W/cm2, the circular area of damaged cells increased linearly with the irradiation power density. These results suggest that this new class of bioconjugated gold nanostructures, immuno gold nanocag...
Charge Storage MISFET Memory Devices

The critical processing parameters for fabricating MNOS nonvolatile charge storage devices are examined and methods for reliable process control are presented. A chemical technique has been found to be the best for preparing the ultra-thin gate oxide especially from the stand-point of reproducibility. This technique results in acceptable yields for LSI and facilitates the overall MNOS/LSI manufacturing process. Design and processing details for 256- and 2240-bit arrays are presented. The charge storage and transfer mechanism of the tunneling mode MNOS is analyzed in terms of device characteristics. A method for optimizing the gate dielectric structures is presented. P- and n-channel MAOS/LSI's, fabricated using pyrolytic aluminum oxide and tested via the tunneling and avalanche injection modes for charge storage, are described. The characteristics of three charge-storage MISFETs are summarized; these are the MNOS, MAOS and FAMOS devices. The advantages and disadvantages of these three device types are computed for nine different structures and operational modes.
R68-30 Monte Carlo Solution of Partial Differential Equations Using a Hybrid Computer

This paper describes work carried out by the author while working for his Ph.D. degree. The work was done at the University of Arizona, Tucson, under the supervision of Prof. G. Kron, using Arizona Statistical Repetitive analog Computer (ASTRAC II). The ultra-high speed of ASTRAC II permitted the author of obtain Monte Carlo solutions of partial differential equations at a much higher rate than previously reported and to continuously display these solutions.
EASY-TO-APPLY SOLUTION TO A PERSISTENT SAFETY PROBLEM: CLEARANCE TIME FOR RAILROAD-PREEMPTED TRAFFIC SIGNALS

Traffic signals near railroad grade crossings having active warning systems are normally interconnected and receive a signal from the railroad track circuitry when trains are approaching. This train approach signal is used by the traffic signal to interrupt and preempt its normal phasing and enter into higher priority special phasings to clear the track of any vehicles that might be stopped in the pathway of a train. The amount of preemption time needed to clear a vehicle from the pathway of a train is necessary information for appropriate preemption signal settings but there are no definitive guidelines on how to determine this amount of time. It is usually left to the judgment of the signal engineer, and frequently unfounded assumptions are used. This study investigated the time required to clear a vehicle in a queue backed up onto a track at railroad-preempted traffic signals. The two key time components are start-up delay and repositioning time. Queues where all preceding vehicles are short passenger ...
Gold carbene complexes: preparation, oxidation, and ligand displacement

Abstract The reaction of isocyanides and amines with AuCl − 4 produces bis(carbene) complexes of the type Au{C(NR 2 )NR′H} + 2 . Treatment of (C 6 H 5 ) 3 PAuCl with methyl isocyanide in basic methanol produces cyclic [AuC(OCH 3 )NCH 3 ] 3 which is cleaved by hydrogen chloride to give HNCH 3 (CH 3 O)CAuCl. In the solid state these Au I complexes luminesce under ultraviolet irradiation. Treatment of Au{C(NHCH 3 ) 2 } + 2 , Au{C(NHCH 3 )N(CH 3 ) 2 } 2+ 2 and HNCH 3 (CH 3 O)CAuCl with cyanide ion in dimethyl sulfoxide solution produces HC(NCH 3 )NHCH 3 , HC(NCH 3 )N(CH 3 ) 2 and HC(OCH 3 )NCH 3 , respectively. Other ligand displacement reactions are described. Methyl isocyanide reacts with Au{C(NHCH 3 ) 2 } + 2 to yield the diamidide CH 3 NCHN(CH 3 )CHNCH 3 which is also formed upon prolonged heating of N , N ′-dimethylformamidine. These ligand displacement reactions establish the role of carbene complexes as intermediates in the α-addition reaction of protic nucleophiles with isocyanides.
Rayleigh wave correction for the BEM analysis of two-dimensional elastodynamic problems in a half-space

SUMMARY A simple, elegant approach is proposed to correct the error introduced by the truncation of the infinite boundary in the BEM modelling of two-dimensional wave propagation problems in elastic half-spaces. The proposed method exploits the knowledge of the far-field asymptotic behavior of the solution to adequately correct the BEM displacement system matrix for the truncated problem to account for the contribution of the omitted part of the boundary. The reciprocal theorem of elastodynamics is used for a convenient computation of this contribution involving the same boundary integrals that form the original BEM system. The method is formulated for a two-dimensional homogeneous, isotropic, linearly elastic half-space and its implementation in a frequency domain boundary element scheme is discussed in some detail. The formulation is then validated for a free Rayleigh pulse travelling on a half-space and successfully tested for a benchmark problem with a known approximation to the analytical solution. Copyright c ° 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.