cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Five-year results of fixed implant- supported rehabilitations with distal cantilevers for the edentulous mandible

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the survival rate, success rate and primary complications associated with mandibular fixed implant-supported rehabilitations with distal cantilevers over 5 years of function. Material and methods: In this prospective multi-center trial, 45 fully edentulous patients were treated with implant-supported mandibular hybrid prostheses with distal extension cantilevers. Data were collected at numerous time points, including but not limited to: implant placement, abutment placement, final prosthesis delivery, 3 months and 5 years post-loading. Biological, implant and prosthetic parameters defining survival and success were evaluated for each implant including: sulcus bleeding ndex (SBI) at four sites per implant, width of facial and lingual keratinized gingiva (mm), peri-implant mucosal level (mid-facial from the top of the implant collar, measured in mm), modified plaque index (MPI) at four sites per implant, mobility and peri-implant radiolucency. Survival was defined as implants or prostheses that did not need to be replaced. Success rate was defined as meeting well-established criteria that were chosen to indicate healthy peri-implant mucosa osseointegration, prostheses success and complications. Results: A total of 237 implants in 45 completely edentulous patients were included in the study. In each patient, four to six implants were placed to support hybrid prostheses with distal cantilevers. Cantilevers ranged in length from 6 to 21 mm, with an average length of 15.6 mm. The ages of the patients ranged from 34 to 78 with a mean age of 59.5 years. The survival rate of implants was 100% (237/237) and for prostheses 95.5% (43/45). The overall treatment success rate was calculated as 86.7% (39/45). Of the six patients that have not met the criteria for success, two patients required replacement of the entire prosthesis and four patients presented 4four complications events. Conclusion: Fixed implant-supported rehabilitation with distal cantilever resulted in a reliable treatment modality over the 5-year observation period. Although biological parameters of MPI, SBI, keratinized tissue and peri-implant mucosal levels showed statistically significant differences over time, the mean values for each patient remained within the normal limits of oral health. Complications were categorized as biological or technical. The majority of complications were technical complications (54/79) and of these most involved fracture of the acrylic teeth and base (20/54). While the survival rate was 100% for implants and 95.5% for prostheses, the application of strict criteria for treatment success resulted in an overall treatment success rate of 86.7%. Date:
Two Visions of Teaching and Teacher Education for the Twenty-First Century

This chapter examines current criticisms of the role of colleges and universities in teacher education in the U.S. and calls for the development of new more democratic models of pre-service teacher education where the responsibility for educating new teachers is shared more equally between colleges/universities, schools and communities. Examples of the creation of these more democratic spaces in teacher education programs where the expertise of academics, teachers and community members is accessed in support of teacher learning are presented. Both traditional “college-recommending” models of teacher education and newer “early-entry” or fast track models are seen as problematic. A new more democratic approach to teacher education is advocated, is grounded in elements of cultural-historical activity theory, and is seen as critical to the survival of a significant role for colleges and universities in pre-service teacher education in the U.S.
Absence of Neuropathic Pelvic Pain and Favorable Psychological Profile in the Surgical Selection of Patients with Disabling Interstitial Cystitis

AbstractPurpose: We evaluated the results among patients with disabling interstitial cystitis treated by cystectomy, urethrectomy and creation of a continent colonic urinary reservoir (the Florida pouch). The value of psychological evaluation and pain localization techniques, as well as the use of a team approach in the evaluation of these patients were assessed.Materials and Methods: The 20 women and 2 men who underwent surgery for disabling interstitial cystitis ranged from 31 to 75 years old (mean age 48). The duration of symptoms ranged from 2 to 14 years (mean 7). All patients had undergone multiple prior therapies, including vesical hydrodistension, instillations, laser treatments, and use of tranquilizers and a variety of pain medications. Patients underwent a clinical, cystoscopic (with bladder biopsies) and urodynamic evaluation as well as examination by a gynecologist with expertise in vaginal ultrasonography. The last 5 patients underwent psychological evaluation and pain localization technique...
Simulations of Three- Dimensional Flow and Augmented Heat Transfer in a Symmetrically Grooved Channel

Navier-Stokes simulations of three-dimensional flow and augmented convection in a channel with symmetric, transverse grooves on two opposite walls were performed for 180 ≤Re≤ 1600 using the spectral element technique. A series of flow transitions was observed as the Reynolds number was increased, from steady two-dimensional flow, to traveling two and three-dimensional wave structures, and finally to three-dimensional mixing
“Lamaism” and the Disappearance of Tibet

At an exhibition in 1992 at the National Gallery in Washington, D.C., “Circa 1492: Art in the Age of Exploration,” one room among the four devoted to Ming China was called “Lamaist Art.” In the coffee-table book produced for the exhibition, with reproductions and descriptions of over 1,100 of the works displayed, however, not one painting, sculpture, or artifact was described as being of Tibetan origin. In commenting upon one of the Ming paintings, the well-known Asian art historian, Sherman E. Lee, wrote, “The individual [Tang and Song] motifs, however, were woven into a thicket of obsessive design produced for a non-Chinese audience. Here the aesthetic wealth of China was placed at the service of the complicated theology of Tibet.” This complicated theology is named by Lee with the term “Lamaism,” an abstract noun that does not occur in the Tibetan language but which has a long history in the West, a history inextricable from the ideology of exploration and discovery that the National Gallery cautiously sought to celebrate. Lee echoes the nineteenth-century portrayal of Lamaism as something monstrous, a composite of unnatural lineage, devoid of the spirit of original Buddhism (as constructed by European Orientialists). Lamaism was a deformity unique to Tibet, its parentage denied by India (in the voice of British Indologists) and by China (in the voice of the Qing empire), an aberration so unique in fact that it would eventually float free from its Tibetan abode, an abode that would vanish.
Automated analysis of erythromycin.

An automated method has been developed for the analysis of erythromycin by adaptation of the long-established manual U.V. procedure. The method uses a basic automatic analyzer (Technicon Auto Analyzer) arrangement and a Hitachi Perkin-Elmer spectrophotometer. The method features the concept of the simultaneous determination of a sample and its associated blank in a dual-channel arrangement. A unique cell positioner controlled by a modified liquid sampler enables the use of only one spectrophotometer and one recorder to monitor both channels. In this manner critical phasing problems have been eliminated. The system is capable of making at least 300 measurements per man per day. This method has been developed for use in fermentation broths, process samples, purified materials, and dosage forms.
The Clinical Relevance of Stromal Matrix Metalloproteinase Expression in Ovarian Cancer

Purpose: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) are proteolytic enzymes implicated in cancer progression and metastasis. We sought to determine the role of epithelial (tumor cell–derived) and stromal (host-derived) expression of MMPs in predicting the clinical outcome of patients with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Experimental Design: MMP-2, MMP-9, and membrane type 1 (MT1)-MMP expression was evaluated using immunohistochemistry in 90 invasive EOCs, and samples were scored for epithelial and stromal staining. Results were correlated with clinicopathologic characteristics using univariate and multivariate analyses. Results: High expression of MMP-2, MMP-9, and MT1-MMP in tumor epithelium was detected in 54%, 97%, and 100% of cases, and in stromal compartments, in 38%, 70%, and 38% of cases, respectively. High stromal expression of MMP-2, MMP-9, and MT1-MMP was significantly associated with aggressive features such as high stage, high grade ascites, and positive lymph node status. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that high epithelial and stromal expression of MMP-2, MMP-9, and MT1-MMP were each significantly associated with shorter disease-specific survival (DSS; P P P = 0.01) and MT1-MMP ( P = 0.04), strong epithelial MT1-MMP ( P = 0.01) and high stage ( P = 0.04) were independent predictors of poor DSS. Conclusions: Overexpression of stromal MMP-9 and MT1-MMP is independently associated with shorter DSS in EOC. Thus, host-derived MMPs are valuable predictors of clinical outcome in EOC.
An improved response spectrum method for calculating seismic design response. Part 2: Non‐classically damped structures

A response spectrum method which combines the analytical advantage of the mode acceleration formulation and the practical advantage of the mode displacement formulation is developed for seismic response calculation of non-classically damped structures. It reduces the error associated with the truncation of the high frequency modes without explicitly using them in the analysis. The method is especially effective for calculating the response of stiff structural systems and also for calculating the response quantities which are strongly affected by high frequency modes. Even with flexible structures, it is shown to provide more accurate response results than the results obtained with the mode displacement approach.
The NCAA's Indirect Regulation of Lawyer-Agents: In Direct Conflict with the Model Rules of Professional Conduct

The NCAA does not directly regulate lawyers but it does so indirectly by regulating the lawyer’s client in a manner that has an adverse effect on the lawyer’s representation of the client to the disadvantage of the client. In this regard, I am referring to the ability of a high school or college athlete to make a fully informed decision whether to sign a professional contract. NCAA rules not only place restrictions on their ability to “test the waters” but also to retain counsel and have counsel speak to, and negotiate with, club personnel on their behalf. This paper addresses the following institutional barriers to ethical behavior: (1) NCAA restrictions that prohibit an athlete from (i) having a lawyer communicate or negotiate a contract with professional club personnel on the athlete's behalf (Bylaw 12.3.2.1) and (ii) entering an agreement with a lawyer to perform such services (Bylaw 12.3.1), both of which limit a lawyer’s ability to effectively represent the interests of the client; and (2) the NCAA Eligibility Center’s Questionnaire sent to drafted baseball players in conjunction with the NCAA’s “Unethical Conduct” rule (Bylaw 10.1), which compels a lawyer’s client to divulge confidential information and communications related to the representation. An important public policy question is whether a private association should be allowed to regulate the attorney-client relationship, particularly in ways that are in direct conflict with the Model Rules of Professional Conduct, when no state bar or state supreme court has given the association the power or authority to do so.
Towards an affective computing feedback system to benefit underserved individuals: an example teaching social media skills

Researchers have suggested that the use of technology may be effective during the instruction of a variety of academic and communication skills for individuals with disabilities [1, 2]. Also, the design of affect-sensitive interactions between humans and technology, a research area known as affective computing, is an increasingly important discipline in the human-computer interaction (HCI) and human-robot interaction (HRI) communities. Physiological signals could be used to determine which affective states are involved in HCI and HRI for a broad section of the population but may have increased utility for individuals with social or intellectual impairments. Therefore, employing affect-sensitive technologies in intervention sessions may provide a means to make strides in appropriate social interaction skills and other deficits, but further research is necessary to understand why these methods are successful and what applications are most useful for different individuals.
Modeling Suspended Solids and Bacteria in Ford Lake

A submodel for computing the behavior of suspended solids and associated pollutants in turbulent, open channels was constructed and tested in a natural water system. The submodel equation was the two-dimensional equation for suspended particles in a turbulent flowing medium. A procedure was developed to determine particle fall velocity distributions and a bottom boundary condition calibrated to three sets of flume data. A numerical solution was obtained and expressed in graphical form as a function of particle fall velocity, channel shear velocity, and channel depth. The submodel was successfully tested in the Ford Lake, Michigan, system with fecal coliform bacteria as the associated pollutant.
The Solid-Liquid Interface: Theory and Computer Simulations

We present the results of computer simulations of body centered cubic (bcc)/melt interfaces, with particular emphasis on the “width” of the interface. Both static and dynamic properties of single crystal/liquid interfaces are examined. The implications for crystal growth near equilibrium are discussed. The results of these computer “experiments” are compared with an extended density functional theory of the solid-liquid interface.
The Synthetic t and Synthetic EWMA t Charts

The t and the exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) t charts were introduced in quality control literature for cases when users are not able to accurately estimate the process standard devia...
Abstract 768: A role for c-Rel in ΔNp63α/v-RASHA-driven carcinogenesis?.

The p63 isoform ΔNp63α is expressed in basal keratinocytes and overexpressed in human squamous cell carcinomas, but the mechanisms whereby this p53 homologue contributes to cancer pathogenesis have yet to be elucidated fully. In mimicking the overexpression of ΔNp63α observed in squamous cell carcinomas using transient adenoviral transduction of primary murine kerationcytes, we showed that overexpression of ΔNp63α inhibits Ca 2+ -mediated growth arrest and biochemical differentiation. We previously reported that this block in growth arrest is mediated via the NF-κB subunit, c-Rel, which accumulates in a phosphorylated form in the nucleus of ΔNp63α-overexpressing cells and physically associates in a phosphorylation-dependent manner with ΔNp63α. Consistent with the observed effects on growth regulation, ΔNp63α:c-Rel complexes bind to a p63 binding site on the cdk inhibitor p21 WAF1 . To explore the biological impact of long-term ΔNp63α overexpression in primary murine keratinocytes, lentiviruses were developed. Consistent with our transient adenoviral vector studies, keratinocytes expressing lenti-ΔNp63α have enhanced proliferation rates over 15 days in culture relative to lenti-GFP controls. Using a nude mouse grafting model that allows distinction between normal, benign, and malignant growths, we previously reported that lenti-GFP keratinocytes expressing oncogenic v-ras Ha form well differentiated papillomas at the graft site, while keratinocytes expressing lenti-ΔNp63α in combination with v-ras Ha form undifferentiated carcinomas. To expand this model system to study c-Rel we first confirmed that lentivirus-driven ΔNp63α overexpression results in sustained nuclear accumulation of the NF-kB subunit c-Rel, consistent with our observations using the adenovirally transduced cultures. In the lenti-ΔNp63α expressing cultures, enhancement of c-Rel is observed beginning at day 5 post-infection and is maintained through the latest time point tested, 14 days. Lentiviral c-Rel shRNAs have been developed to assess the contribution of altered nuclear c-Rel expression to ΔNp63α-mediated growth regulation in vitro and in vivo and have been successfully used to knockdown c-Rel to the latest time point tested, 28 days. Taken together, these data support a role for ΔNp63α in facilitating keratinocyte transformation and provide a model system for elucidating the contribution of NFkB/c-rel to ΔNp63α /v-ras Ha -driven carcinogenesis. Citation Format: Kathryn E. King, Roshini M. Ponnamperuma, Sa Ra Park, Steven Jay, Linan Ha, Wendy C. Weinberg. A role for c-Rel in ΔNp63α/v-RAS HA -driven carcinogenesis?. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 768. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-768
Parenteral Nutrition in Critically Ill Children

Adequate nutrient delivery may help to offset the catabolic burden imposed by critical illness, preventing nutritional deterioration and improving outcomes. However, questions regarding the most appropriate dose of macronutrients, the route of delivery, and particularly the timing of supplemental parenteral nutrition in critically ill children remain unanswered (Table 1). Enteral nutrition is preferable in patients with a functioning gut but may not always be feasible. Intestinal failure was incompatible with life until the 1960s, when the development of stable intravenous amino acid solutions and lipid emulsions allowed the administration of life-sustaining nourishment through the parenteral route.1 Parenteral nutrition was subsequently . . .
Geographic origins and population genetics of bats killed at wind-energy facilities.

An unanticipated impact of wind-energy development has been large-scale mortality of insectivorous bats. In eastern North America, where mortality rates are among the highest in the world, the hoary bat (Lasiurus cinereus) and the eastern red bat (L. borealis) comprise the majority of turbine-associated bat mortality. Both species are migratory tree bats with widespread distributions; however, little is known regarding the geographic origins of bats killed at wind-energy facilities or the diversity and population structure of affected species. We addressed these unknowns by measuring stable hydrogen isotope ratios (δ2 H) and conducting population genetic analyses of bats killed at wind-energy facilities in the central Appalachian Mountains (USA) to determine the summering origins, effective size, structure, and temporal stability of populations. Our results indicate that ~1% of hoary bat mortalities and ~57% of red bat mortalities derive from non-local sources, with no relationship between the proportion of non-local bats and sex, location of mortality, or month of mortality. Additionally, our data indicate that hoary bats in our sample consist of an unstructured population with a small effective size (Ne ) and either a stable or declining history. Red bats also showed no evidence of population genetic structure, but in contrast to hoary bats, the diversity contained in our red bat samples is consistent with a much larger Ne that reflects a demographic expansion after a bottleneck. These results suggest that the impacts of mortality associated with intensive wind-energy development may affect bat species dissimilarly, with red bats potentially better able to absorb sustained mortality than hoary bats because of their larger Ne . Our results provide important baseline data and also illustrate the utility of stable isotopes and population genetics for monitoring bat populations affected by wind-energy development.
Community Vital Signs: Taking the Pulse of the Community While Caring for Patients

In 2014 both the Institute of Medicine and the National Quality Forum recommended the inclusion of social determinants of health data in electronic health records (EHRs). Both entities primarily focus on collecting socioeconomic and health behavior data directly from individual patients. The burden of reliably, accurately, and consistently collecting such information is substantial, and it may take several years before a primary care team has actionable data available in its EHR. A more reliable and less burdensome approach to integrating clinical and social determinant data exists and is technologically feasible now. Community vital signs-aggregated community-level information about the neighborhoods in which our patients live, learn, work, and play-convey contextual social deprivation and associated chronic disease risks based on where patients live. Given widespread access to "big data" and geospatial technologies, community vital signs can be created by linking aggregated population health data with patient addresses in EHRs. These linked data, once imported into EHRs, are a readily available resource to help primary care practices understand the context in which their patients reside and achieve important health goals at the patient, population, and policy levels.
Ileal microvascular permeability: a comparison of PS and sigma d using lymphatic and isotopic protein clearances

Lymphatic clearances of total protein, albumin, immunoglobulin (Ig) G, and IgM obtained in autoperfused cat ileum as venous pressure (Pv) was elevated were analyzed using traditional methods as well as the newer maximal diffusion (max,diff) method of Reed et al. [Am. J. Physiol. 261 (Heart Circ. Physiol. 30): H728-H740, 1991; Am. J. Physiol. 257 (Heart Circ. Physiol. 26): H1037-H1041, 1989] to determine capillary osmotic reflection coefficients (sigma d) and unique permeability surface area products (PS). In a control group (n = 6), sigma d max,diff and PSmax,diff for albumin, IgG, and IgM could not be determined due to their transiently high clearance patterns. These patterns were not altered by treatment with vasodilators (n = 6) to prevent redistribution of blood flow from the mucosal-submucosal to muscularis layer of the ileum, which accompanies elevation of ileal Pv. Furthermore, sigma d values for IgG in both groups were lower than those for both albumin and IgM, a finding inconsistent with predictions based on pore theory, together suggesting that lymphatic protein clearances were influenced by washout of interstitial proteins, a conclusion supported by the decrease in tissue content of albumin and IgG after elevation of Pv. Clearances of radiolabeled albumin (n = 10) and IgG (n = 6), measured after an initial 2-h steady-state period at a constant Pv, were markedly reduced at low lymph flow compared with those obtained in the shorter term experiments. In an additional group (n = 5), albumin clearance peaked at 10 times baseline within 15 min after a step increase in Pv to 30 mmHg but fell to only 3 times baseline within 1 h.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Relativistic-electron-driven magnetic reconnection in the laboratory

Magnetic reconnection is a fundamental process occurring in many plasma systems. Magnetic field lines break and reconfigure into a lower energy state, converting released magnetic field energy into plasma kinetic energy. Around some of the universe's most energetic objects, such as $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray burst or active galactic nuclei, where the magnetic field energy exceeds the plasma rest mass energy, the most extreme magnetic reconnection in the relativistic regime is theorized. The presented experiments and three-dimensional particle-in-cell modeling recreate in the laboratory the scaled plasma conditions necessary to access the relativistic electron regime and therefore approach conditions around these distant, inaccessible objects. High-power, ultrashort laser pulses focused to high intensity ($Ig2.5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{18}\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{Wcm}}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$) on solid targets produces relativistic temperature electrons within the focal volume. The hot electrons are largely confined to the target surface and form a radial surface current that generates a huge, expanding azimuthal magnetic field. Focusing two laser pulses in close proximity on the target surface leads to oppositely directed magnetic fields being driven together. The fast electron motion due to the magnetic reconnection is inferred using an experimental x-ray imaging technique. The x-ray images enable the measurement of the reconnection layer dimensions and temporal duration. The reconnection rates implied from the aspect ratio of the reconnection layer, $\ensuremath{\delta}/L\ensuremath{\approx}0.3$, was found to be consistent over a range of experimental pulse durations ($40\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}\mathrm{fs}$--$20\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}\mathrm{ps}$) and agreed with the modeling. Further experimental evidence for magnetic reconnection is the formation of a nonthermal electron population shown by the modeling to be accelerated in the reconnection layer.
Organizing College Athletes Utilizing the Civil Rights Unionism Model

In January 2014, Northwestern University (NU) football players filed a certification election petition with the National Labor Relations Board’s (NLRB) Chicago regional office. After the NLRB ruled that they were employees having the legal right to unionize, the football players voted at the end of April 2014 with NU immediately appealing the regional director’s ruling after the balloting. In mid-August 2015, the Washington D.C. NLRB declined jurisdiction in this case, ending the football players’ unionization attempt. Because of the NLRB’s appellate ruling, however, unionization of college athletes remains a distinct possibility. Since a majority of U.S. collegiate basketball and football players are black, this paper argues that the model of unionism that should be adopted in any unionization attempt of these college athletes is civil rights unionism which represents a continuation of the historic, collective struggle of Black athletes to obtain their rights on athletic fields and in classrooms.
La Freccia Rossa: an IR-dark cloud hosting the Milky Way intermediate-mass black hole candidate

The dynamics of the high-velocity compact molecular cloud CO-0.40-0.22 have been interpreted as evidence for a ∼10^5 M_⊙ black hole within 60 pc of Sgr A*. Recently, Oka et al. have identified a compact millimetre-continuum source, CO-0.40-0.22*, with this candidate black hole. Here we present a collation of radio and infrared data at this location. Australia Telescope Compact Array constraints on the radio spectrum, and the detection of a mid-infrared counterpart, are in tension with an Sgr A*-like model for CO-0.40-0.22* despite the comparable bolometric to the Eddington luminosity ratios under the intermediate-mass black hole interpretation. A protostellar-disc scenario is, however, tenable. CO-0.40-0.22(*) is positionally coincident with an arrowhead-shaped infrared-dark cloud (which we call the Freccia Rossa). If the V_(LSR) ≈ 70 km s^(−1) systemic velocity of CO-0.40-0.22 is common to the entire Freccia Rossa system, we hypothesize that it is the remnant of a high-velocity cloud that has plunged into the Milky Way from the Galactic halo.
Pediatric Psychologists' Collaboration in a National Pediatric Obesity Initiative: A Case Study in Interprofessional Collaboration.

Health Care reform calls for collaborative team-based care; psychologists must therefore strengthen their competencies for work in interprofessional clinical care settings. Toward that end, a group of psychologists participated with physicians, dieticians, physical activity specialists, nurses, and others in a national interprofessional workgroup focused on pediatric obesity. The interprofessional group was designed to identify areas in need of national advocacy, key assessment and treatment concerns, and gaps in internal policies and procedures in children’s hospitals. This article provides a case report of psychologists’ roles and experience in this workgroup, and focuses on factors that underlie successful collaboration among diverse health professionals, as well as potential barriers to success. The participating psychologists developed a working model for collaboration with other disciplines. Additionally, they formed a Psychology Subcommittee to identify and address discipline-specific issues regarding collaborative practice in pediatric psychology. Lessons learned in this interprofessional collaborative undertaking have relevance for future collaborative endeavors.
Compensation as a Policy for Mitigating Human-wildlife Conflict Around Four Protected Areas in Rajasthan, India

In India, human-wildlife conflict (HWC) around protected areas (PAs) has magnified social conflict over conservation and development priorities. India introduced financial compensation for HWC as a policy solution to simultaneously promote human security while protecting biodiversity. We evaluate compensation as a mitigation policy for HWC around four protected areas in Rajasthan (Jaisamand, Sitamata, Phulwari, and Kumbhalgarh). We argue that compensation is failing to reconcile conservation and development priorities for two reasons. First, a focus on charismatic megafauna obscures the livelihood costs of human-wildlife interactions as reported by households, especially conflict perpetrated by non-priority herbivores like antelope. This highlights disagreements about what constitutes 'acceptable' conservation costs between communities and the state. Second, government bureaucrats control the compensation process, a model incongruent with the highly negotiated and reciprocal nature of environmental governance at local levels. Using interviews with Rajasthan Forest Department officials (n=21) and household surveys (n=2234), we argue that compensation is a policy designed to conserve (internationally) threatened species and not to safeguard local livelihoods. Ultimately, we suggest that policy solutions that are insensitive to local ecological and social dynamics can undermine efforts to reconcile conservation and development goals.
Glucocorticoid Regulation of Protooncogene Expression and Cellular Proliferation

Steroid hormones have a wide variety of effects on target cells. One of the more dramatic effects is seen in hormonally-responsive tumors, in which the growth rate of the cells can be greatly affected by steroid hormones. The best examples are estrogen stimulation of breast tumors, androgen stimulation of prostate tumors, and glucocorticoid-inhibition of lymphoma and leukemia cells (for review, see various chapters in Reference 1). A large number of studies have been performed to elucidate the mechanisms of steroid-regulated growth control, but no definitive answer has yet been obtained.
Interventional radiology-operated endoscopy using the LithoVue disposable endoscope: Approach, technical success, clinical outcomes, and complications

Purpose: To report the approach, technical success, clinical outcomes, and complications of interventional radiology-operated endoscopy using the LithoVue disposable endoscope. Materials and Methods: 12 patients, 6 (50%) males and 6 (50%) females, underwent interventional radiology-operated endoscopy using the LithoVue disposable endoscope between April 2016 and August 2017. Presenting complaint, reason for endoscopic evaluation, technical success, clinical success, procedure time, fluoroscopy time, hospital length of stay, and complications were recorded. Results: Interventional radiology-operated endoscopy using the LithoVue disposable endoscope was used in 8 (67%) biliary, 2 (16.5%) urologic, and 2 (16.5%) gastrointestinal procedures. Five (42%) patients required endoscopy to locate an ostium that could not be cannulated under fluoroscopy. Five (42%) patients had a biliary-enteric anastomosis with postoperative anatomy of the bowel which precluded endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and underwent endoscopy for removal of calculi. One (8%) patient underwent treatment of a stricture and one (8%) underwent biopsy. Technical success was 92% (11/12). Clinical success was 83% (10/12). Two complications, a perinephric hematoma and sepsis, occurred. Conclusion: Disposable endoscopes, including the LithoVue, may be used in a variety of procedures to improve patient care and limit fluoroscopy.
Potential moderators of the portion size effect.

Abstract Aim The robust effect of portion size on intake has led to growing interest in why individuals consume more food when served larger portions. A number of explanations have been proposed, and this review aims to provide insight into potential underlying factors by summarizing recent studies testing moderators of the portion size effect. Summary of findings Provision of portion size information, such as through labeling or training in portion control, failed to attenuate food intake in response to increasing meal size. This indicates that a lack of knowledge about appropriate portions may not be sufficient to explain the portion size effect. In contrast, there is evidence for a role of decision making in the response to large portions, with value being one consideration of importance. The portion size effect may be more closely related to the inherent value of food than monetary value, since provision of the opportunity to take away uneaten food after a meal, which can reduce food waste, attenuated the portion size effect but variations in pricing did not. A number of studies also support an influence of orosensory processing on the portion size effect; large portions have been shown to relate to increased bite size and faster eating rate. Reduced oral processing time when consuming large portions could contribute to the effect by delaying sensory-specific satiety. Findings from a recent study supported this by demonstrating that sensory-specific satiety did not differ between larger and smaller portions despite substantial differences in intake. Conclusions A number of moderators of the portion size effect have been identified, including factors related to the environment, the food, and the individual. It is likely that multiple variables contribute to the response to large portions. Future research should aim to determine the relative contribution of explanatory variables across different contexts and individuals.
“We Can Get a Coup”: Warren Nutter and the Overthrow of Salvador Allende

In 1969, Warren Nutter left the University of Virginia Department of Economics to serve as the Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs in the Nixon administration. During his time in the Defense Department, Nutter was deeply involved in laying the groundwork for a military coup against the democratically elected president of Chile, Salvador Allende. Although Nutter left the Pentagon several months before the successful 1973 coup, his role in Chile was far more direct than the better-known cases of Friedrich Hayek, Milton Friedman, James Buchanan, and Arnold Harberger. This chapter describes Nutter’s role in Chile policymaking in the Nixon administration. It shows how Nutter’s criticisms of Henry Kissinger are grounded in his economics, and compares and contrasts Nutter with other economists who have been connected to Pinochet’s dictatorship.
Genetic Correlates of Fatigue in Individuals with End Stage Renal Disease

Fatigue is a prevalent symptom associated with decreased quality of life and increased mortality in individuals with end stage renal disease (ESRD), yet causes of fatigue in individuals with ESRD remain poorly understood. We examined gene expression of Neuronal PAS Domain Protein 2 (NPAS2) in relation to patient-reported fatigue in 122 individuals with ESRD. Independent samples t-tests were used to examine NPAS2 gene expression profiles of: non-fatigue versus fatigue. Multivariable regression analyses were used to examine the relationship between fatigue and numerous variables including depression. Participants were approximately 58 years old (+/- 13.2 years), 78% African American (n = 95), and 72% male (n = 88). The phenotype of fatigue was not significantly associated with gene expression of NPAS2 but was significantly associated with depression (p< .001). This study suggests that further research should examine the causal mechanism between depression and fatigue in order to identify genetic factors that could explain the high comorbidity of depression and fatigue.
“A Not-so-silent Form of Activism”: Intentional Community as Collective Action Reservoir:

Recent scholarship on social movement groups has increasingly focused on the relationships between lifestyle and politics. As walls of classical social movement theories holding up the false dichot...
High abundance of human herpesvirus 8 in wastewater from a large urban area.

AIMS This study assesses the diversity and abundance of Human Herpesviruses (HHVs) in the influent of an urban wastewater treatment plant using shotgun sequencing, metagenomic analysis and qPCR. METHODS AND RESULTS Influent wastewater samples were collected from the three interceptors that serve the City of Detroit and Wayne, Macomb and Oakland counties between November 2017 to February 2018. The samples were subjected to a series of processes to concentrate viruses which were further sequenced and amplified using qPCR. All nine types of HHV were detected in wastewater. Human Herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), known as Kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus, which is only prevalent in 5-10% of USA population, was found to be the most abundant followed by HHV-3 or Varicella-zoster virus. CONCLUSIONS The high abundance of HHV-8 in the Detroit metropolitan area may be attributed to the HIV-AIDS outbreak that was ongoing in Detroit during the sampling period. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The approach described in this paper can be used to establish a baseline of viruses secreted by the community as a whole. Sudden changes in the baseline would identify changes in community health and immunity.
Scalable preprocessing for sparse scRNA-seq data exploiting prior knowledge

Motivation: Single cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) data contains a wealth of information which has to be inferred computationally from the observed sequencing reads. As the ability to sequence more cells improves rapidly, existing computational tools suffer from three problems. (1) The decreased reads per-cell implies a highly sparse sample of the true cellular transcriptome. (2) Many tools simply cannot handle the size of the resulting datasets. (3) Prior biological knowledge such as bulk RNA-seq information of certain cell types or qualitative marker information is not taken into account. Here we present UNCURL, a preprocessing framework based on non-negative matrix factorization for scRNA-seq data, that is able to handle varying sampling distributions, scales to very large cell numbers and can incorporate prior knowledge. Results: We find that preprocessing using UNCURL consistently improves performance of commonly used scRNA-seq tools for clustering, visualization, and lineage estimation, both in the absence and presence of prior knowledge. Finally we demonstrate that UNCURL is extremely scalable and parallelizable, and runs faster than other methods on a scRNA-seq dataset containing 1.3 million cells.
Inflation targeting and exchange rate management in less developed countries

Abstract We analyze coordination of monetary and exchange rate policy in a two-sector model of a small open economy featuring imperfect substitution between domestic and foreign financial assets. Our central finding is that tight management of the exchange rate greatly enhances the efficacy of inflation targeting. In a flexible exchange rate system, inflation targeting incurs a high risk of indeterminacy. Moreover, small inflation shocks may escalate into much larger increases in inflation ex post. Both problems disappear when the central bank fixes the path of the nominal exchange rate or leans heavily against the wind in a managed float.
Melatonin multifaceted pharmacological actions on melatonin receptors converging to abrogate COVID-19.

Data indicate that controlling inflammatory responses to COVID-19 may be as important as antiviral therapies or could be an important adjunctive approach. Melatonin possesses anti-inflammation, antioxidation, and immune-enhancing features directly and/or indirectly through its own receptor signaling and is therefore well suited to reduce the severity of COVID-19. Studies have proposed that melatonin regulates COVID-19-associated proteins directly through regulation of molecules such as calmodulin (CALM) 1 and CALM 2, calreticulin (CalR), or myeloperoxidase (MPO) and/or indirectly through actions on GPCR (eg, MTNR1A, MTNR1B) and nuclear (eg, RORα, RORs) melatonin receptor signaling. However, the exact mechanism(s) and doses by which melatonin reduces the severity of COVID-19 is still open for debate, warranting the need for further testing of melatonin in placebo-controlled randomized clinical trials for COVID-19.
Remote Sensing for Agriculture

Remote sensing provides an in-direct approach to monitor agricultural landscapes efficiently and consistently. It plays a critical role in current agricultural management. In the past, remote sensing application has been limited to crop type mapping due to the high cost or lack of remote sensing observations. In recent years, high temporal and spatial resolution satellite observations have become available. Many medium resolutions (10–100 m) satellite images are freely accessible to the public. The near-surface observations and unmanned aerial vehicles are common. The suite of remote sensing platforms has provided the capability of application for field-scale agricultural management. This chapter introduces basic remote sensing concepts and applications in agriculture. Remote sensing characteristics, such as spatial, temporal, and spectral resolutions are discussed. The major agricultural-related and freely available remote sensing data sources (e.g., Landsat, MODIS, VIIRS, and Sentinel-2) and the data products are presented. Remote sensing applications in crop type classification, crop phenology mapping, crop yield estimation, crop water use monitoring, and soil moisture retrieving are introduced. The current progress and potential future directions for agriculture remote sensing are discussed.
Mask Recognition with Computer Vision in the Age of a Pandemic

In the current age of coronavirus, monitoring and enforcing correct mask-wearing regulation in public spaces is of para- mount importance. Specifically, there is a need to monitor whether people wear masks and whether they wear them cor- rectly. However, there is a lack of automated systems to rec- ognize correct mask-wearing compliance. In this paper, we propose a computer-vision-based solution to the problem of mask-wearing monitoring. In particular, we propose a convo- lutional neural network to recognize images of people wear- ing masks correctly, people wearing masks incorrectly, and people not wearing masks at all. Our proposed model is shown to predict correct mask-wearing practices with over 98% accuracy. The model can be easily deployed as an auto- mated system to screen people entering indoor spaces, and can replace current manual, time-consuming, temperature- screening practices. Such applications can serve as an im- portant tool to help reduce transmission rates during the cur- rent pandemic.
Information May Want to Be Free, but Information Products Do Not: Protecting and Facilitating Transactions in Information Products

Information products ― products that are used to organize, provide context, and distribute information ― have gone largely unprotected by intellectual property regimes. As a result, producers of information products, such as databases and software, have resorted to alternative mechanisms to protect their investments. These mechanisms have resulted in both over-protection and under-protection of the information products. Further, the uncertainty in the boundaries of coverage, coupled with the resort to self-help mechanisms, may well inhibit, rather than facilitate, information flow. What is needed is a sui generis protection scheme for information products that clearly defines the boundaries and protection requirements for these works and that provides an appropriate level of protection, based in part on a liability-type regime, to both promote creation of information products and encourage transactions in these works. By protecting the investments of information product creators, while still allowing or even facilitating the free flow of information, it is possible to take a nuanced approach that capitalizes on the best of both intellectual property and alternative regimes. Information may want to be free, but information products do not.
Diagnosing an Opportunistic Fungal Pathogen on Spaceflight-Grown Plants Using the MinION Sequencing Platform.

Sustainable agriculture in microgravity is integral to future long-term human space exploration. To ensure the efficient and sustainable cultivation of plants in space, a contingency plan to monitor plant health and mitigate plant diseases is necessary. Yet, neither methods nor tools currently exist to evaluate the plant microbial interactions or to diagnose potential plant diseases in space-based bioregenerative life support systems. In this study, we show how the MinION sequencing platform can be used to diagnose the opportunistic pathogen, Fusarium oxysporum sensu lato; a fungal infection on Zinnia hybrida (zinnia) plants that were grown on the International Space Station (ISS) in 2015-2016. Genomic DNA from the infected plant material (root and leaf tissues) retrieved from the ISS were extracted and sequenced. In addition, pure cultures of Burkholderia contaminans, F. oxysporum sensu lato, and Fusarium sporotrichioides were used as controls to test the specificity of the bioinformatics pipeline developed. The results show that the MinION platform can be used to accurately differentiate between fusaria species and strengthens the case for using the platform as a rapid plant disease diagnostic tool in space.
Solid-Phase Synthesis of Substituted Dihydroimidazoles and Their Bis Analogs

Dihydroimidazoles (imidazolines) are known to exhibit a wide range of pharmacological activities [ 1, 2]. A 2-imidazoline derivative has previously been incorporated into a very active antihypertensive agent, Clonidine [1]. We report here a novel approach for the synthesis of substituted imidazolines and bis-imidazolines from resin-bound amino acids via cyclization using POCl3 [3].
Diagnosis and Treatment of Testicular Cancer

Testicular cancer is the most common malignancy in men 20 to 35 years of age and has an annual incidence of four per 100,000. If diagnosed early, the cure rate is nearly 99 percent. Risk factors for testicular cancer include cryptorchidism (i.e., undescended testicles), family history, infertility, tobacco use, and white race. Routine self-examination and physician screening have not been shown to improve outcomes, and the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force and American Cancer Society do not recommend them in asymptomatic men. Patients presenting with a painless testicular mass, scrotal heaviness, a dull ache, or acute pain should receive a thorough examination. Testicular masses should be examined with scrotal ultrasonography. If ultrasonography shows an intratesticular mass, the patient should be referred to a urologist for definitive diagnosis, orchiectomy, and further evaluation with abdominal computed tomography and chest radiography. The family physician's role after diagnosis of testicular cancer includes encouraging the patient to bank sperm because of possible infertility and evaluating for recurrence and future complications, especially cardiovascular disease.