cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Initiation of fast axonal transport: Involvement of calcium during transfer of proteins from golgi apparatus to the transport system

Abstract Fast axonal transport of [3H]fucose-labelled glycoproteins was examined in vitro in a preparation of spinal sensory neurons of the bullfrog. Rapidly transported glycoproteins were labelled when dorsal root ganglia were exposed to [3H]fucose, but not when a localized region of spinal nerve trunk was exposed to the labelled sugar; these results are consistent with the general finding that fucosylation occurs predominantly in the Golgi apparatus. Incubation of ganglia and nerve trunks in medium containing 0.18 mM CoCl2 depressed the amount of rapidly transported, [3H]fucose-labelled glycoprotein by approximately 80%. This level of cobalt impairs neither protein synthesis nor incorporation of [3H]fucose into glycoprotein, suggesting that the inhibition of axonal transport by cobalt occurs at a step subsequent to fucosylation. When a 4 mm region of spinal nerve was desheathed, to facilitate access of ions to the axons, cobalt had no effect on fast axonal transport of glycoproteins at the level of the axon: the amount of [3H]fucose-labelled protein was similar in the regions of nerve trunk proximal and distal to the desheathed area. Thus, the cobalt-sensitive step in the transport of glycoproteins is likely to occur in the somata during transfer of the proteins from the Golgi apparatus to the transport system; it is suggested that cobalt antagonizes the action of intracellular calcium ions. An analogy is considered between the processing of fast-transported proteins by neuronal somata and the processing of secretory proteins by pancreatic exocrine cells.
Gastrografin as water soluble contrast medium in roentgen examination of the G. I. tract.

(1959). Gastrografin as water soluble contrast medium in roentgen examination of the G. I. tract. Acta Radiologica: Vol. 51, No. 3, pp. 170-178.
0125 The Effects of Acute and Chronic Mental Stress on Cardiac Function

Objectives The main objective of this study is to investigate the effects of chronic and acute stress on blood pressure, heart rate variability and an indicator of cardiac contractility. The study also aims to describe the degree to which various demographic and lifestyle factors modify the observed effect. Method Chronic stress was assessed with a validated questionnaire, the Perceived Stress Scale. Acute stress was the level of stress experienced from the performance of a simple mental challenge on a scale from 1–100. Heart rate variability is calculated from heart rate measurements recorded via a heart rate monitor. Cardiac contractility index is derived from the amplitude ratio of the first to second heart sounds, as recorded with an electronic stethoscope. Measurements for each of the parameters were taken before and after performance of the task. Pre-task measurements were used as baseline data and related to reported chronic stress levels. Acute stress levels were compared with the difference between pre- and post-task cardiac measurements. Results Average acute stress level was 17/100. A statistically significant increase in cardiac contractility index was found for acute stress, while no significant change in either HRV or heart rate was noted. Subjects with high chronic stress showed a significantly reduced cardiac contractility than those with low chronic stress, while no difference in HRV was found between groups. Conclusions Acute and chronic stress exerts differing inotropic effects on the heart, while no chronotropic effect was observed.
JAK2 mutations in polycythemia vera--molecular mechanisms and clinical applications.

Recent observations implicate JAK2 mutations as essential elements in the development of polycythemia vera. Dr. Ayalew Tefferi discusses a change to current diagnostic approaches for this disorder.
Structures of transition and alkaline earth metal salts of 5-aminonaphthalene-2-sulfonate and 6-aminonaphthalene-1, 3-disulfonate: Some unusual coordination behaviors

Salts of 5-aminonaphthalene-2-sulfonate with divalent Mg, Mn, Co, and Ni cations have been crystallized and their structures determined by single crystal X-ray methods. The Mg, Mn, and Co salts are isostructural. Crystal data for hexaaquamagnesium(II) 5-aminonaphthalene-2-sulfonate hexahydrate, [Mg(H2O)6](H2NC10H6SO3)2·6H2O: monoclinic, P21/c, Z=2, a=14.1329(18) A, b=8.5789(11) A, c=12.4880(17) A, β=93.374(3)°, V=1511.5(3) A3; hexaaquamanganese(II) 5-aminonaphthalene-2-sulfonate hexahydrate, [Mn(H2O)6](H2NC10H6SO3)2·6H2O: monoclinic, P21/c, Z=2, a=14.249(3) A, b=8.5940(17) A, c=12.505(3) A, β=93.30(3)°, V=1528.8(6) A3; hexaaquacobalt(II) 5-aminonaphthalene-2-sulfonate hexahydrate, [Co(H2O)6](H2NC10H6SO3)2·6H2O: monoclinic, P21/c, Z=2, a=14.1406(18) A, b=8.5674(11) A, c=12.4960(16) A, β=93.297(2)°, V=1511.4(3) A3. The structures are composed of alternating layers of octahedral metal–aqua complexes and sulfonate anions linked by hydrogen bonds. The three water molecules of crystallization are associated with the hexaaquametal cations and sulfonate O atoms. The repeat unit along the a-axis is a single layer. The Ni salt [crystal data for tetraaquabis(5-aminonaphthalene-2-sulfonato-N)nickel(II) dihydrate, [Ni(H2O)4(H2NC10H6SO3)2]·2H2O: triclinic, $$P\bar 1$$ , Z=1, a=6.8524(10) A, b=8.3094(12) A, c=11.4832(17) A, α=69.003(2)°, β=76.570(3)°, γ=83.952(2)°, V=593.56(15) A3] has a very different structure with direct coordination of the amine N atom to Ni, a modified stacking pattern, and fewer free water molecules. Ag and Ni salts of an amine-substituted naphthalenedisulfonate have also been characterized. Crystal data for diaqua(6-ammonionaphthalene-1,3-disulfonato-O)silver(I) hydrate, [Ag(H2O)2(H3NC10H5(SO3)2)]·0.42H2O: monoclinic, P21/c, Z=2, a=9.099(3) A, b=21.406(6) A, c=7.629(2) A, β=110.178(4)°, V=1394.9(7) A3; tetraaquabis (6-ammonionaphthalene-1,3-disulfonato-O)nickel(II)tetrahydrate, [Ni(H2O)4(H2NC10H5 (SO3)2)2]·4H2O: triclinic, $$P\bar 1$$ , Z=1, a=6.7971(17) A, b=10.661(3) A, c=11.165(3) A, α=68.308(4)°, β=88.292(5)°, γ=84.896(5)°, V=748.8(3) A3. The silver salt contains six coordinate metal centers each of which bonds to four sulfonate O atoms from three different anions and two water molecules. The nickel salt contains octahedral cations with four water molecules and two trans sulfonate O atoms. Both structures are layered, but differently from each other and from those of the monofunctional naphthalenesulfonate salts.
A Reliability Generalization Study of the Geriatric Depression Scale

Depression has proven to be a serious illness in older adults that often goes untreated because it is frequently misdiagnosed or is confused with other symptom patterns. One instrument that has been consistently cited in the literature as an effective indicator of depression in older adults is the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). The present study provided a reliability generalization (RG) study of the GDS in an effort to further distill psychometric properties of the scores generated by this measure. RG, a relatively new meta-analytic reliability procedure, was used to (a) identify the typical reliability of GDS scores across studies and (b) examine sources of measurement error across studies. Results from this investigation of 338 previously published research studies indicated that the average score reliability across studies was .8482 (SD = .0870) and that the number of items on the scale, scale SD, sample size, and participant population were the most important predictors of score reliability on thi...
How patients make treatment choices.

The availability of medical information has enabled many patients to become well informed about their disease, and thus active participants in their care. In this Review, Hellenthal and Ellison look at patient decision making as it pertains to the treatment of urologic disease. The authors demonstrate that patients consider adverse-effect profile, treatment invasiveness and treatment efficacy to be important treatment outcomes.
Does Sex‐biased Job Advertising “Aid and Abet” Sex Discrimination?1

Two studies are reported which indicate that both sex-biased wording in job advertisements and the placement of help-wanted ads in sex-segregated newspaper columns discourage men and women from applying for “opposite-sex” jobs for which they might well be qualified. Both studies were originally conducted and presented as part of legal testimony in actual sex discrimination cases.
X-ray crystallographic analysis of the hydration of A- and B-form DNA at atomic resolution.

We have determined single crystal structures of an A-DNA decamer and a B-DNA dodecamer at 0.83 and 0.95 A, respectively. The resolution of the former is the highest reported thus far for any right-handed nucleic acid duplex and the quality of the diffraction data allowed determination of the structure with direct methods. The structures reveal unprecedented details of DNA fine structure and hydration; in particular, we have reexamined the overall hydration of A- and B-form DNA, the distribution of water around phosphate groups, and features of the water structure that may underlie the B to A transition.
Modulation of the FGF14:FGF14 Homodimer Interaction Through Short Peptide Fragments

Fibroblast growth factor 14 (FGF14) is a member of the intracellular FGF (iFGFs) family and a functionally relevant component of the neuronal voltage-gated Na(+) (Nav) channel complex. Through a monomeric interaction with the intracellular C-terminus of neuronal Nav channels, FGF14 modulates Na(+) currents in an Nav isoform-specific manner serving as a fine-tuning regulator of excitability. Previous studies based on the highly homologous FGF13 homodimer crystal structure have proposed a conserved protein:protein interaction (PPI) interface common to both Nav channel binding and iFGF homodimer formation. This interface could provide a novel target for drug design against neuronal Nav channels. Here, we provide the first in-cell reconstitution of the FGF14:FGF14 protein complex and measure the dimer interaction using the split-luciferase complementation assay (LCA). Based on the FGF14 dimer structure generated in silico, we designed short peptide fragments against the FGF14 dimer interface. One of these fragments, FLPK aligns with the pocket defined by the β12-strand and β8-β9 loop, reducing the FGF14:FGF14 dimer interaction by 25% as measured by LCA. We further compared the relative interaction strength of FGF14 wild type homodimers with FGF14 hetero- and homodimers carrying double N mutations at the Y153 and V155 residues, located at the β8-β9 loop. The Y153N/V155N double mutation counteracts the FLPK effect by increasing the strength of the dimer interaction. These data suggest that the β12 strand of FGF14 might serve as scaffold for drug design against neuronal FGF14 dimers and Nav channels.
A Hierarchical Multiclassifier System for Hyperspectral Data Analysis

Many real world classification problems involve high dimensional inputs and a large number of classes. Feature extraction and modular learning approaches can be used to simplify such problems. In this paper, we introduce a hierarchical multiclassifier paradigm in which a C- class problem is recursively decomposed into C - 1 two-class problems. A generalized modular learning framework is used to partition a set of classes into two disjoint groups called meta-classes. The coupled problem of finding a good partition and of searching for a linear feature extractor that best discriminates the resulting two meta-classes are solved simultaneously at each stage of the recursive algorithm. This results in a binary tree whose leaf nodes represent the original C classes. The proposed hierarchical multiclassifier architecture was used to classify 12 types of landcover from 183-dimensional hyperspectral data. The classification accuracy was significantly improved by 4 to 10% relative to other feature extraction and modular learning approaches. Moreover, the class hierarchy that was automatically discovered conformed very well with a human domain expert's opinion, which demonstrates the potential of such a modular learning approach for discovering domain knowledge automatically from data.
Heat Transfer Analysis and Modeling of a Parabolic Trough Solar Receiver Implemented in Engineering Equation Solver

This report describes the development, validation, and use of a heat transfer model implemented in Engineering Equation Solver. The model determines the performance of a parabolic trough solar collector's linear receiver, also called a heat collector element. All heat transfer and thermodynamic equations, optical properties, and parameters used in the model are discussed. The modeling assumptions and limitations are also discussed, along with recommendations for model improvement.
Microbial Diversity Associated with the Fruit-Piercing and Blood-Feeding Moth Calyptra thalictri (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Previous inventories of the diversity of lepidopteran symbionts have been limited to Eubacteria. We conducted a microbial survey of Calyptra thalictri Borkhausen (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers for 16S rRNA sequences for Eubacteria, and primers for Archaea, fungi including yeast-like organisms, Microsporidia, and Wolbachia. Heads and abdomens of adult males of this fruit-piercing and blood-feeding moth were assayed separately. High-fidelity PCR and subsequent DNA analyses indicated that at least five microorganisms belonging to the α-, β-, and γ-Proteobacteria were present. Two eubacterial sequences, related to a Klebsiella sp. and a Sinorhizobium sp., were detected in the abdomens of all nine individuals sampled, and three additional sequences, two related to species in the genus Alcaligenes and one related to a Rhizobium sp., were found in some of the abdominal samples, suggesting all five could be associated with abdominal structures. No Archaea, fungi including yeast-like organisms, Microsporidia, or Wolbachia were detected. These results document the first microbial associates in a fruit-piercing and blood-feeding moth.
A tool for processor instruction set design

This paper presents a systematic technique for generating new instruction sets which are optimized for a given microarchitecture and set of benchmark programs. This process consists of the following steps: generation of execution traces, formation of code segments, optimal recompilation of the code segments to produce candidate instructions, and covering of the instructions from the code segments to yield the final instruction set. To illustrate the use of the new technique, an instruction set is generated for the execution of compiled Prolog programs.
An eight-bit prefetch circuit for high-bandwidth DRAM's

A low-power and area-efficient data path circuit for high-bandwidth DRAMs is described. For fast burst read operations, eight data per data I/O are stored in local latches placed close to sense amplifiers. As implemented in a 16-Mb synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), this 8-b prefetch circuit allows an early precharge command and a fast access time because it provides low-capacitance data lines for segmented bit-line pairs. At a column address strobe (CAS) latency of two and a burst length of four, the SDRAM demonstrates 100-MHz seamless read operations from different row addresses, because the row precharge and read access latencies are hidden during the burst cycles. The layout of the prefetch circuit is not limited by the bit-line pitch, and data path circuits are connected by a second-metal layer over the memory cells. As a result, a small chip size of 99.98 mm/sup 2/ is attained. Low-capacitance data lines and small local latches result in low active power. In a 100-MHz full-page burst mode, the SDRAM with a 1 M/spl times/16-b configuration dissipates 60 mA at 3.6 V.
Art, Innovation, and Politics in Eighteenth Century Benin

Art, Innovation, and Politics in Eighteenth Century Benin. Ben-Amos. Paula Girshick. Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press. 1999.
Approximately optimal broadcasting-cum-multicasting in wireless networks

We study a wireless broadcast-cum-multicast network, where a single source reliably communicates independent messages to multiple destinations, with the aid of relays. In addition, we assume there are nodes that demand all the messages at the source. We propose a compress-and-forward scheme that can achieve rates within a constant gap away from the cut-set bound. The proposed scheme operates in two steps: the inner code induces a broadcast channel with sufficient mutual information between the source and the destinations, and the outer code is basically a Marton code for broadcast channels. The inner code is constructed by lifting a scheme designed for a corresponding discrete superposition network.
Perceived credibility of Internet encyclopedias

A vast amount of information is now available online, produced by a variety of sources with a range of editorial oversight procedures. These range from very centralized information with multiple layers of review, to no oversight at all. Determining which information is credible can pose a real challenge. An experiment was designed to determine whether certain webpage characteristics affect academics' and students' perception of the credibility of information presented in an online article. The experiment looked at five peripheral cues: (1) presence or absence of an identifiable author, (2) presence or absence of references, (3) presence or absence of a biased sponsor, (4) presence or absence of an award, and (5) whether the article is designated as appearing in Encyclopedia Britannica, Wikipedia, or Encyclopedia of Earth. The results indicate that compared to Encyclopedia Britannica, article information appearing in both Encyclopedia of Earth and Wikipedia is perceived as significantly less credible. They also show that the presence of a biased sponsor has a significant negative effect on perceived credibility.
RF-Induced Airglow Observed Using Composite Multispectral Imaging

Atmospheric airglow emissions accompanying artificial ionospheric plasmas occur when the bottom-side ionospheric F-region is exposed to high-power HF heating. These artificial emissions are spectrally similar to those which occur naturally as airglow and aurora, yet they have spatiotemporal behavior commensurate with the heater beam geometry. Interesting dynamics of both the artificial plasma layers and optical emissions have been observed, namely, the presence of multiple descending plasma layers distributed in altitude, mesoscale (10-100 km) bullseye-type airglow emission patterns, and, finally, small-scale (≲ 10 km) field-aligned filaments. We present visualizations of such features exhibited by the heated region using composite multispectral imaging.
Separation of Protein Synthesis in Meningopneumonitis Agent from That in L Cells by Differential Susceptibility to Cycloheximide

Cycloheximide had no effect on multiplication of the meningopneumonitis agent in L cells in concentrations which eliminated over 90% of the protein synthesis in the host cells. Infected L cells treated with cycloheximide, however, incorporated labeled amino acids into the trichloroacetic acid-insoluble fraction. This incorporation was attributed to the biosynthetic activity of the meningopneumonitis agent. Synthesis of meningopneumonitis protein was abolished by chloramphenicol and chlortetracycline, inhibitors of bacterial protein synthesis, at concentrations which did not inhibit protein synthesis in L cells. Protein synthesis in the meningopneumonitis agent was sustained at a high rate when the host cells remained viable and declined as the L cells died. Overall host protein synthesis was not inhibited by multiplication of the meningopneumonitis agent.
Status Epilepticus: A Possible Association With Human Metapneumovirus Infection

Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is a relatively recent addition to the multiplicity of viruses causing respiratory illness in infants and children. Although well described in its ability to cause respiratory illness, there is limited data detailing the association of hMPV with neurologic complications. In this report, we describe 2 toddlers with hMPV infection who presented in status epilepticus and went on to develop respiratory failure. Both patients fully recovered over 2 weeks and were discharged from the hospital with no sequelae. The association between hMPV infection and neurologic complications is increasingly being reported in the literature. Clinicians should be aware of these uncommon manifestations of a common respiratory pathogen and consider testing for hMPV when managing pediatric patients who present with unexplained status epilepticus or encephalitis.
Anubis: An attestation protocol for distributed context-aware applications

Sharing sensitive context information among multiple distributed components in mobile environments introduces major security concerns. The distributed sensing, processing and actuating components of these applications can be compromised and modified or impersonated to extract private and confidential information or to inject false information. In this paper we present the Anubis protocol for remote code attestation and access control of distributed components using remote execution of trusted code. Our Anubis protocol leverages previous work in the fields of wireless sensor networks and secure web-browsing. Anubis allows new components to be introduced to the environment without updating existing components. Our implementation of Anubis in Android G1 based applications shows that the protocol introduces manageable overhead (less than 600 ms latency and 35 kB packet overhead) which does not significantly impact the user experience.
Enhanced Limited Round Robin with a Priority policy for Bluetooth

Bluetooth is a wireless communication technology that provides short-range, small-size, low-cost, and low-power connectivity among mobile devices. The MAC protocol for Bluetooth is based on a time division duplex (TDD) scheme, where the master determines channel access to all other slaves in the piconet. Hence, the polling scheme used by the master has a significant effect on the Bluetooth system performance. Accordingly, this paper proposes an enhanced limited round robin with a priority policy for Bluetooth. In simulations, the proposed scheduling algorithm demonstrates a better overall performance in a Bluetooth network.
The Other Jewish Century

This review essay examines works of Russian and Soviet Jewish History by Eugene Avrutin, Oleg Budnitskii, and Yaacov Ro'i that focus on the relationship between Jews and the state during the “long" Russian twentieth century. The works examine this rela­tionship in three discrete periods: the late imperial era proceeding the revolutions of 1917; the era of the Russian Civil War; and the late Soviet era of stagnation and decline. Challenging interpretations of Soviet historiography that have emphasized the open inclusion of Jews in the Soviet project, these works collectively stress the need to reconsider the persistence of racial discourses and anti-Semitism that structured rela­tions between Jews and the state before and after the Bolshevik revolution
Self-Compassion: What It Is, What It Does, and How It Relates to Mindfulness

Over the past decade self-compassion has gained popularity as a related and complementary construct to mindfulness, and research on self-compassion is growing at an exponential rate. Self-compassion involves treating yourself with the same kindness, concern and support you would show to a good friend. When faced with difficult life struggles, or confronting personal mistakes, failures, and inadequacies, self-compassion responds with kindness rather than harsh self-judgment, recognizing that imperfection is part of the shared human experience. In order to give oneself compassion, one must be able to turn toward, acknowledge, and accept that one is suffering, meaning that mindfulness is a core component of self-compassion. This chapter provides a comprehensive description of self-compassion and a review of the empirical literature supporting its psychological benefits. Similarities and distinctions between mindfulness and self-compassion are also explored, as these have important implications for research and intervention. This chapter hopes to provide a compelling argument for the use of both self-compassion and mindfulness as important means to help individuals develop emotional resilience and wellbeing.
Management of Bilateral Carotid Occlusive Disease

Background: Symptomatic bilateral internal carotid occlusive disease is a rare but potentially devastating entity. Medical therapy alone is associated with high rates of mortality and recurrent stroke. The optimal management of this disease remains poorly understood. Methods: A retrospective review of a prospectively maintained database was conducted for patients who presented with an acute stroke in the setting of bilateral carotid occlusive disease between May and October 2013. Results: We identified 3 patients. The admission National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score ranged from 4 to 7. All patients had small- to moderate-sized infarcts in the anterior circulation on presentation. Angiography confirmed bilateral internal carotid occlusions with collateral filling via the posterior communicating artery and retrograde filling via external carotid artery supply to the ophthalmic artery. All patients were initially managed with permissive hypertension and anticoagulation followed by carotid angioplasty and stenting. At 1-year follow-up, all patients demonstrated a modified Rankin scale score of 0-1. Conclusions: Carotid stenting may be a safe and effective therapy for patients presenting with symptomatic bilateral carotid occlusions.
Improved Data Acquisition for Instrumented Flexible Pavements Reinforced with Geosynthetics

Flexible pavement design is currently evolving from a qualitative design procedure, based on road test data, to a “mechanistic-empirical” design procedure. To support the upcoming standard of design, a data acquisition plan has been developed for a full-scale field test to be performed on a heavily instrumented flexible pavement with 13 test sections. The data will be utilized during a finite element analysis to generate design charts for flexible pavements reinforced with geosynthetics. The data acquisition plan developed during this study is designed to minimize the collection of unnecessary data and post-processing effort by using independent trigger mechanisms in each test section. Prior to full-scale construction, a pilot-scale study was employed to determine and verify the critical program acquisition parameters and test the trigger mechanism. Additionally, the data acquisition hardware and software code generated for this application were evaluated. The objective of this paper is to describe the results of the pilot-scale study, outline the overall data acquisition methodology, and highlight the key programming challenges.
Abstract 4711: Silencing of miR-221 with anti-microRNA oligonucleotides is an effective therapeutic for hepatocellular carcinoma

Proceedings: AACR 102nd Annual Meeting 2011‐‐ Apr 2‐6, 2011; Orlando, FL Patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) face a dismal prognosis as there are no standardized therapies to treat this stage of the disease. Inhibition of microRNAs that are overexpressed in the tumor with antisense oligonucleotides represents a novel option to treat HCC. For antisense oligonucleotides to be effective, they must reach the target tumor tissue, inhibit the miRNA, modulate the miRNAs target protein levels and prolong survival. We evaluated anti-miR-221 in normal and tumor bearing mice. Of eight different chemistries evaluated, the cholesterol labeled, 2’ O methyl, phosphorothioate modified anti-miR-221 (chol-anti-miR-221) was the most effective at reducing proliferation in vitro. In the absence of transfection reagents, the in vitro proliferation was reduced by the chol-anti-miR-221 but not the scrambled control. Non specific toxicity was observed in vitro for each of the chemically modified scrambled control oligos when transfected with lipid reagent. Chol-anti-miR-221 had improved pharmacokinetics and liver tissue distribution compared to the non cholesterol labeled oligonucleotide in C57Bl/6 mice. Endogenous miR-221 levels in the liver were reduced by chol-anti-miR-221 in C57Bl/6 mice by 90%, 7 days following the start of the dosing schedule. In situ hybridization demonstrated that chol-anti-miR-221 accumulated in the tumor cells of orthotopic mice. Chol-anti-miR-221 reduced endogenous miR-221 levels in the tumors of orthotopic xenograft mice by > 95% and increased p27Kip1 target protein by 3-fold, 7 days after dosing. Chol-anti-miR-221 produced a survival advantage in orthotopic mice compared to those mice treated with a scrambled control oligo (P < 0.05). Our data demonstrate that chol-anti-miR-221 is efficacious in an orthotopic mouse model of HCC and suggests that such a therapy may be beneficial in patients with advanced HCC. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4711. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4711
The Effect of Positions of Vertical Glass Fins inside a Double Skin Façade Air Cavity as Acoustical Barriers and Ventilation Potentials

Abstract A number of studies state that natural ventilation strategies can contribute to improving indoor air quality (IAQ) and thermal comfort; however, noise annoyance by urban traffic noise transmission is a significant challenge that leads to the degradation of the acoustical quality in urban environments. As a solution to meet both needs for natural ventilation benefits and noise transmission loss via ventilation openings, a Double Skin Facade (DSF) as a case study was analyzed. Another study demonstrated that vent openings of DSFs allowed a decrease in acoustical performance of DSF air cavities because airborne noise transmitted via vent openings travels both horizontally and vertically. Therefore, research scope aims to simulate thermal performance of air cavity by the stack effect and noise transmission loss by verticals glass fins using FloVENT 9.3 and SoundFlow respectively. The test cases of CFD simulation study are designed based on different spatial volumes of DSF air cavity partitioned by vertical glass fins, affecting changes of air temperature and airflow inside air cavities. The CFD simulation data resulted in that DSF air cavity ratios of length to depth divided by vertical glass fins influence the efficiency of heat dissipation inside DSF air cavities. It was observed that air temperature in CASE 4, which has the ratio of 8 meters in length to 1 meter in depth of a DSF air cavity, has the higher potential of an overheating problem than that of CASE 1 (1 meter in length to 1 meter in depth) and CASE 2 (2 meters in length to 1meter in depth). CASE 1 and CASE 2 produced relatively lower the mean air temperature inside DSF air cavities through the efficient heat dissipation. In addition, it was found that the thicker the vertical glass fins are, the higher the Sound Transmission Loss (STL) values are shown.
On Being Mindful about Misunderstandings in Languaging: Making Sense of Non-Sense as the Way to Sharing Linguistic Meaning

This chapter considers the ethical and epistemological consequences of the enactive notion of “languaging” as whole-bodied, intersubjec- tive sense-making. Making sense in language is defined as a process of moving from stable, shared sense, through idiosyncratic non-sense, to a locally produced, co-available or interactively afforded sense. Enactive concepts of autonomy, autopoiesis, adaptivity, and precariousness imply radical idiosyncrasy in how individuals incorporate the means and moves needed to cope in enlanguaged environments. Differences in sense-making style s predict misunderstanding in social interactions. How do participants of linguistic sense-making share meaning? Presenting meaning as a consequence of mindfulness and misunderstanding, this chapter attempts to include the interiority and variety of experience in descriptions of linguistic participatory sense-making. It gives semantic weight to particularity without losing sight of interactional sources of normativity and intentionality.
Natural product chemistry and anticancer drug discovery

Research directions for new therapies in oncology are shifting from purely cytotoxic or cytostatic agents to enzyme inhibitors targeting signaling pathways, as well as agents that are preferentially absorbed by cancer cells or influence vascularization and tissue adhesion or penetration. Natural products continue to be of great utility as biological tools as well as therapeutic agents, and the diversity of natural structures continues to impress and inspire medicinal chemistry. Increased recognition is also given to diversity-oriented synthesis, which aspires to mimic the structural wealth and three-dimensional architectures of natural products.
Communities of practice as learning and performance support systems

Communities of practice provide a means for individuals and organizations to support both learning and performance by its members. We identify factors that are critical to the success of Communities of Practice, particularly as contrasted with virtual communities and knowledge networks. A model is proposed to structure further discussion and research about how communities of practice may grow and thrive over time. Discussion of the model leads to the presentation of a number of candidate topics for further research.
A new synchronization technique for high speed modems

A modem structure for high speed digital (QPSK) communications in the time division multiple access (TDMA) mode is presented that overcomes the problems of intersymbol interference and acquisition of each TDMA burst. The first part of the design involves the examination of an IF adaptive equalizer to compensate for channel distortion. The second part of the design involves a reexamination of traditional carrier and clock recovery networks and the proposal for their replacement by (560 MHz) synchronous oscillators.
Genomics in bioavailability and bioequivalence

R advances in genomics technologies exert profound impact on the biomedical sciences. The main goal of the pharmaceutical sciences is to understand individual differences in drug response and toxicity, as a foundation for developing and guiding therapy for each patient. Bioavailability and bioequivalence represent important factors in the design of optimal drug therapy. Both genetic variants and epigenetic factors, and interplay between them, determine a portion of inter-individual variability, with expression of drug metabolizing enzymes (DMEs) and transporters playing a key role. A number of genetic variants have already been incorporated into pharmacogenetic biomarker tests, but the vast majority of (epi) genetic variability remains hidden. We have implemented gene-by-gene and genome-wide methods to search for pharmacologically relevant variants and regulatory processes, using next generation sequencing of DNA and RNA (RNAseq of coding and non-coding RNAs). A survey of DME and transporter expression reveals distinct expression profiles in various tissues, and the presence of multiple RNA transcripts at each gene locus (such as splice variants). Broad understanding of the regulation of DMEs and transporters has the potential to guide drug development and clinical application.
Disciplinary Referrals Under New Federal Civil Rule 11

The 1983 amendments to Federal Civil Procedure Rule 11, concerning sanctions for frivolous litigation papers, prompted much controversy and satellite litigation. By the latter 1980s many called for further changes to the "stop and think" rule. Amendments took effect on December 1, 1993. The new rule reduces a party's incentives to pursue sanctions because fewer types of misconduct are sanctionable. Additionally, attorney's fees are available less often even when sanctions are warranted because more public interest remedies, like reprimands, fines, orders of continuing education, and disciplinary referrals, are favored. This Article will focus on bar disciplinary referrals under the new rule. While the 1993 rule expressly invites more disciplinary referrals, it provides little guidance on their procedural or substantive guidelines. The 1993 rule is not clear on which recipient agencies are contemplated for the referrals, or when and what forms of "vigilante" discipline would be appropriate as alternatives, or supplements, to these referrals. Further, many state disciplinary agencies are not well prepared to handle a flood of Rule 11 referrals. The Article will addresses these issues, and then offers suggestions on the relationship between disciplinary referrals and other available sanctions under Rule 11.
Influence of dry-rolled corn processing and distiller's grain inclusion rate on ruminal pH, ammonia and volatile fatty acid concentration, in vitro methane production and enzyme activity.

Abstract The objective was to determine the effects of degree of dry-rolled corn processing and dried distiller’s grains with solubles (DDGS) inclusion rate on ruminal pH, NH3 and volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration, total in vitro gas and methane production, and enzyme activity in cattle fed high-concentrate diets. Eight ruminally cannulated Holstein steers (526 ± 3.6 kg) were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement consisting of 1) 650 g/kg coarse-rolled corn (2.5 ± 0.008 mm) with 200 g/kg DDGS, 2) 450 g/kg coarse-rolled corn with 400 g/kg DDGS, 3) 650 g/kg fine-rolled corn (1.7 ± 0.002 mm) with 200 g/kg DDGS and 4) 450 g/kg fine-rolled corn with 400 g/kg DDGS. Diets met NRC recommendations and were offered for ad libitum intake. The experimental design was a 4 × 4 Latin square with 17-d periods allowing for 7 d of diet adaptation, 7 d of sample collection, and 3 d of rest in which all steers were offered an intermediate ration. There were no differences in ruminal pH among treatments. However, steers consuming 400 g/kg DDGS tended (P = 0.07) to have a pH less than 5.5 for a longer period of time (h/d) than those consuming 200 g/kg DDGS. Ruminal NH3 was greater in steers receiving 200 g/kg DDGS (P = 0.02). Steers fed fine-rolled corn had greater (P = 0.02) concentrations of butyric acid while those consuming coarse-rolled corn tended (P = 0.06) to have greater concentrations of isovaleric acid. No difference in DM degradation rate was noted between treatments. In vitro methane concentration of the headspace was unaffected by treatment. Steers fed diets containing 200 g/kg DDGS had greater (P
Tetanus neurotoxin: conformational plasticity as an adaptive strategy

Tetanus neurotoxin (TeNT) secreted by Clostridium tetani is the causative agent of the spastic paralysis distinctive of human tetanus. TeNT is structurally related to the family of botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) produced by Clostridium botulinum that cause flaccid paralysis by disabling synaptic exocytosis at peripheral cholinergic neurons. By contrast, TeNT targets the central nervous system (CNS) by hijacking receptors for neurotrophic factors to enter peripheral neurons thereby being sorted into non‐acidifying endosomes, trafficking via retrograde axonal transport organelles, and entering spinal inhibitory interneurons after transcytosis (Fig 1A). In this issue of EMBO Reports , Masuyer et al [1] describe the structural plasticity of individual TeNT domains in the context of the holotoxin in response to environmental pH, a key factor modulating TeNT fate and action. Through the concerted use of X‐ray crystallography, single particle cryo‐EM, and small angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS), the authors provide snapshots of conformational transitions that may underlie the productive path of TeNT from its entry in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) to its ultimate site of action on central glycinergic synapses.
An integrated computational framework for simulating the failure response of carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites

A new computational framework is introduced for the automated finite element (FE) modeling of fiber reinforced composites and simulating their micromechanical behavior. The proposed methodology relies on a new microstructure reconstruction algorithm that implements the centroidal Voronoi tessellation (CVT) to generate an initial uniform distribution of fibers with desired volume fraction and size distribution in a repeating unit cell of the composite. The genetic algorithm (GA) is then employed to optimize locations of fibers such that they replicate the target spatial arrangement. We also use a non-iterative mesh generation algorithm, named conforming to interface structured adaptive mesh refinement (CISAMR), to create FE models of the CFRPC. The CVT–GA–CISAMR framework is then employed to investigate the appropriate size of the composite’s representative volume element. We also study the strength and failure mechanisms in the CFRPC subject to varying uniaxial and mixed-mode loadings.
Amniotic fluid embolism mortality rate.

Aim The objective of this study was to determine the mortality rate of amniotic fluid embolism (AFE) using population-based studies and case series. Methods A literature search was conducted using the two key words: ‘amniotic fluid embolism (AFE)’ AND ‘mortality rate’. Thirteen population-based studies were evaluated, as well as 36 case series including at least two patients. Results The mortality rate from population-based studies varied from 11% to 44%. When nine population-based studies with over 17 000 000 live births were aggregated, the maternal mortality rate was 20.4%. In contrast, the mortality rate of AFE in case series varies from 0% to 100% with numerous rates in between. Conclusion The AFE mortality rate in population-based studies varied from 11% to 44% with the best available evidence supporting an overall mortality rate of 20.4%. Data from case series should no longer be used as a basis for describing the lethality of AFE.
Associations of quality of life with health-related characteristics among children with autism:

We examine whether behavioral, mental health, and physical health characteristics of children with autism are associated with baseline and change in health-related quality of life. We measured health-related quality of life with the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0 total scores from children enrolled in the Autism Treatment Network. We used linear mixed model regressions with random slopes. Predictors of lower health-related quality of life at baseline included demographic and insurance characteristics, diagnosis, higher Child Behavior Checklist internalizing and externalizing scores, sleep problems by Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire, seizures, gastrointestinal problems, and mental health problems. Several characteristics had different associations over time. This study demonstrates that in addition to behavioral and autism-related characteristics, physical and mental health conditions are associated with health-related quality of life in children with autism.
Trajectories of body mass index among Canadian seniors and associated mortality risk

This study aims to characterize the heterogeneity in BMI trajectories and evaluate how different BMI trajectories predict mortality risk in Canadian seniors. Data came from the Canadian National Population Health Survey (NPHS, 1994–2011) and 1480 individuals aged 65–79 years with at least four BMI records were included in this study. Group-based trajectory model was used to identify distinct subgroups of longitudinal trajectories of BMI measured over 19 years for men and women. Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine the association between BMI trajectories and mortality risks. Distinct trajectory patterns were found for men and women: ‘Normal Weight-Down’(N-D), ‘Overweight-Normal weight’ (OV-N), ‘Obese I-Down’ (OB I-D), and ‘Obese II- Down’ (OB II-D) for women; and ‘Normal Weight-Down’ (N-D), ‘Overweight-Normal weight’ (OV-N), ‘Overweight-Stable’ (OV-S), and ‘Obese-Stable’ (OB-S) for men. Comparing with OV-N, men in the OV-S group had the lowest mortality risk followed by the N-D (HR = 1.66) and OB-S (HR = 1.98) groups, after adjusting for covariates. Compared with OV-N, women in the OB II-D group with three or more chronic health conditions had higher mortality risk (HR = 1.61); however, women in OB II-D had lower risk (HR = 0.56) if they had less than three conditions. The course of BMI over time in Canadian seniors appears to follow one of four different patterns depending on gender. The findings suggest that men who were overweight at age 65 and lost weight over time had the lowest mortality risk. Interestingly, obese women with decreasing BMI have different mortality risks, depending on their chronic health conditions. The findings provide new insights concerning the associations between BMI and mortality risk.
Pre-Incarceration Rates of Nonmedical Use of Prescription Drugs among Black Men from Urban Counties.

There are inconsistent findings regarding the rates of nonmedical prescription drug use (NMPDU) among Black Americans. The majority of previous studies used pharmaceutical names of drugs and relied on national data that excludes incarcerated populations, in which Black men are overrepresented. Therefore, the current study aimed to describe pre-incarceration rates of NMPDU among Black men in prison using culturally relevant alternative drug names. We recruited 208 incarcerated (adult age 18 or older) Black men nearing community reentry to urban counties from four state prisons in Kentucky. Results indicated the majority of participants engaged in lifetime NMPDU. The most commonly endorsed class of prescription drug was, “Other Sedatives, Hypnotics, and Tranquilizers” and the most commonly endorsed specific prescription drugs were “Syrup,” Lortab/Hydrocodone, and Xanax. There were significant age differences in the number of days that drugs were used in the year prior to incarceration. The current study contributes to the dearth of literature on NMPDU among Black Americans. These findings have implications for disease transmission, overdose risk, and culturally relevant data collection methods and interventions aimed at reducing NMPDU among Black men.
MicroRNA Expression Analysis: Next-Generation Sequencing

MicroRNAs are a class of small noncoding RNAs that function as regulators involving in many biological processes. The evaluation of miRNAs and their targets has been aided by miRNA expression profiling studies including multiplex PCR, microarrays, and recent next-generation sequencing tools. Next-generation sequencing has enabled us to profile thousands of genes in a single experiment and overcome the background signal and cross-hybridization issues of microarrays. Next-generation sequencing also allows for the simultaneous confirmation of known miRNAs and discovery of new miRNAs, and significantly reduces costs while providing billions of nucleotide information within a single experiment. Here we describe a detailed procedure of generation of miRNA library for next-generation sequencing to increase the efficiency of adapter ligation and finally construct a more specific cDNA library for sequencing and analyses for miRNA expression profiling.