cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Three-Dimensional Visualization of Transcription Sites and Their Association with Splicing Factor–Rich Nuclear Speckles

Transcription sites are detected by labeling nascent transcripts with BrUTP in permeabilized 3T3 mouse fibroblasts followed by laser scanning confocal microscopy. Inhibition and enzyme digestion studies confirm that the labeled sites are from RNA transcripts and that RNA polymerase I (RP I) and II (RP II) are responsible for nucleolar and extranucleolar transcription, respectively. An average of 2,000 sites are detected per nucleus with over 90% in the extranucleolar compartment where they are arranged in clusters and three-dimensional networklike arrays. The number of transcription sites, their three-dimensional organization and arrangement into functional zones (Wei et al. 1998) is strikingly maintained after extraction for nuclear matrix. Significant levels of total RP II mediated transcription sites (45%) were associated with splicing factor–rich nuclear speckles even though the speckles occupied 90%) had moderate to high levels of associated transcription activity. Transcription sites were found along the periphery as well as inside the speckles themselves. These spatial relations were confirmed in optical sections through individual speckles and after in vivo labeling of nascent transcripts. Our results demonstrate that nuclear speckles and their surrounding regions are major sites of RP II-mediated transcription in the cell nucleus, and support the view that both speckle- and nonspeckle-associated regions of the nucleus contain sites for the coordination of transcription and splicing processes.
Update of long-term trends analysis of ambient 8-hour ozone and precursor monitoring data in the South Central U.S.; encouraging news

In the South Central U.S., lower tropospheric ozone pollution continues to be a challenging problem. This paper provides an update on long-term trends analyses of the ambient ozone and precursor monitoring data collected over the past 25 years (1986–2010) in four South Central U.S. cities, following up on a previous published review of 20 year trends (M.E. Sather and K. Cavender, J. Environ. Monit., 2007, 9, 143–150). The results of these analyses should be useful to air quality scientists, managers, planners, and modelers in assessing the effectiveness of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOC) pollution controls for ambient ozone concentration reduction programs. Large amounts of quantitative information for each South Central U.S. city are concisely synthesized into one graphic per city. Results reported in this paper show significant long-term decreases in ambient ozone and precursor concentrations in all four South Central U.S. cities, especially over the recent five-year period 2006–2010.
No Easy Answers: Ethical Challenges Working with Sex Offenders

Therapeutic practice with sex offenders and similarly ostracized populations presents unique personal, clinical, and professional challenges for clinicians. This article examines four areas of difficulty—treatment efficacy, clinical competence, boundary maintenance, and stigmatizing policies—and reviews ethical and clinical standards for addressing these challenges. Specific recommendations for competent practice, supervision, research, and advocacy are given.
Using Motivational Interviewing Techniques to Address Parallel Process in Supervision

Supervision offers a distinct opportunity to experience the interconnection of counselor–client and counselor–supervisor interactions. One product of this network of interactions is parallel process, a phenomenon by which counselors unconsciously identify with their clients and subsequently present to their supervisors in a similar fashion (Searles, 1955). Addressing parallel process has the potential to be valuable in the advancement of counselor development, but few strategies exist in the literature for working with the phenomenon. The authors describe the use of motivational interviewing as one method for effectively addressing parallel process in supervision.
Microvolt T-Wave Alternans with Exercise in Pediatrics and Congenital Heart Disease: Limitations and Predictive Value

Background: Microvolt t-wave alternans (TWA) in early exercise is a noninvasive marker of lifethreatening ventricular arrhythmia in some adult cardiac populations. The incidence and potential significance of sustained TWA in pediatric and congenital heart disease (CHD) populations has not been well defined. Methods: TWA treadmill exercise studies in pediatric patients with CHD, myopathy, potential myocardial ischemia, syncope, or history of cardiac arrest were analyzed. Tests were categorized as abnormal for sustained TWA with onset heart rate <130 beats/min with specific analyses for lower onset heart rates. Patient characteristics were analyzed as possible correlates of TWA. Results: Over 2 years, 318 consecutive TWA exercise studies were performed in 304 patients (60% male, median 14 years, 6‐41) for indications of syncope, cardiac arrest, possible ventricular arrhythmia, or evaluation of functional myocardial perfusion. Underlying conditions included apparently normal hearts (45%), CHD (16%), cardiomyopathy (11%), coronary anomalies (11%), electrical myopathy (9%), and transplant (8%). Abnormal TWA was seen in 24 (7%, onset HR 106 ± 18) and included 19 at high clinical risk for serious events including 3 with cardiac arrest. By multivariate analysis sustained TWA was associated with cardiac arrest, ventricular arrhythmias, and a clinical classification of high risk. Conclusions: TWA is associated with pediatric and CHD diagnoses at high risk of serious events and may contribute, with other diagnostic tools, to management choices. While the absence of TWA has relatively high negative predictive value, it does not completely exclude the potential for serious sustained ventricular arrhythmias. A more robust noninvasive marker for risk stratification in these populations is required. (PACE 2006; 29:733‐741)
Electronic structure and bonding in titanium carbosulphide

Abstract Titanium carbosulphide (Ti2CS) is encountered as an inclusion phase in Ti-containing steels. Ductile fracture in steels is associated with the growth and coalescence of voids initiated at second phase particles such as inclusions. When S in steels is gettered as Ti2CS rather than as the more common manganese sulphide (MnS), a significant improvement in fracture toughness can be obtained when the fracture mode is ductile. This improvement is believed to be associated with the higher strains reauired for void nucleation at the particle-matrix interface when the particles are Ti2CS. The enhanced void nucleation resistance of Ti2CS particles may be due to stronger interfacial bonding. To begin to understand the nature of the metal-inclusion interfacial bonding, it is first essential to understand the bonding characteristics within the individual phases present at the interface. This paper investigates the bonding characteristics of bulk Ti2CS. The ground state properties of Ti2CS have been investigat...
Serial pulmonary blood volume changes with supine exercise in normal subjects and in coronary artery disease patients

Relative changes in pulmonary blood volume (PBV) were assessed serially at first stage, peak and post-supine exercise in 13 young normal volunteers and 33 coronary artery disease (CAD)patients.Gated blood pool imaging was used with time correced count calculation of a region over the lung and comparison to he rest image. In normal subjects, the PBV ratio did not change with exercise but dropped significally immediately post-exercise. In CAD patients, the PBV ratio increased in the first exercise stage, increased further at peak exercise, and fell significantly following exercise cessation. In the three stages studied, significantly higher PBV ratios were demonstrated in the CAD patients compared to normal subjects, but with significant overlap between he two groups. No significant relation was found between PBV changes and the number of diseased vessels, severity score (Gensini), left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, exercise-limiting symptoms,and left and right ventricular ejection fraction at rest and with exercise. Despite the different response of the PBV ratio to exercise between normals and CAD patients, a significant overlap limits the value of this ratio as a discriminator of the presence, severity or location of CAD.
Intravascular and extravascular pulmonary fluid volumes. III Response to sustained left atrial hypertension

The response of intravascular (PBV) and extravascular (EVLW) pulmonary fluid volumes was examined using double indicator techniques (thermal-green dye) in five open-chest anaesthetised dogs during the production of sustained left atrial (LA) hypertension by LA balloon. Left atrial pressure was abruptly increased from 0.16±0.15 to 3.96±0.51 kPa (1.2±1.1 to 29.8±3.8 mmHg) (P<.001) and maintained at that level for 120 min. Data were obtained prior to pressure elevation, immediately upon pressure elevation, and then every 30 min for a total of 2 h. PBV increased initially (209.7±78.2 to 377.5±92.1 cm3. P<0.01 but subsequently slowly declined (294.6±103.5 at 120 min P<0.05 vs peak value). Alternatively, EVLW increased slowly at first (260.6±77.9 to 291.3 ± 71.5 cm3), but more rapidly as time progressed (714.6±68.5 cm3 at 120 min P<.001 vs control or initial level). As EVLW rose and time passed after elevation of left atrial pressure, pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) increased. In each animal, the relationship between the EVLW and PVR was linear (excluding the control point) with r values ≥0.91. With the initial increase in left atrial pressure, cardiac output (CO) declined (2.09±0.51 to 1.67±0.60 litre·min−1). As time passed, CO continued to decline in association with increases in EVLW and PVR. Thus, we conclude that with sustained LA hypertension there ensues an early rise in PA followed by increases in EVLW. The rise in EVLW has a direct linear relationship with the subsequent elevation of PVR suggesting that accumulation of EVLW is at least in part responsible for the change in PVR occuring in response to pulmonary venous hypertension.
Die Wärmebilanz des Hochofens

Vor 28 Jahren stellte Sir Lothian Bell zum erstenmal eine befriedigende Warmebilanz fur einen Hochofen auf. Seine Beobachtungen waren zum grosen Teil, seine Erfahrungen ausschlieslich auf die Reduktion des Toneisensteins im Cleveland-Bezirk, England, beschrankt, und obschon er vielfach versuchte, aus dem vorhandenen Tatsachenmaterial allgemein gultige Schlusfolgerungen auf die Eisengewinnung uberhaupt zu ziehen, sind doch seine Resultate zum grosen Teil nur fur die besonderen Erze und Arbeitsverfahren dieses Bezirkes zutreffend.
A practical formulation of snow surface diffusion by wind for watershed-scale applications

Prediction of snow drift is of importance for structure design and traffic management on snowy and windy prairie landscapes. The snow redistribution by wind is also regarded as one of the largest sources of error in hydrologic snowmelt models. In this study, a snow movement equation was generalized and customized for horizontal two-dimensional watershed-scale applications by incorporating snow transport, wind snow diffusion, and snow gravitational movement. Then, the snow surface diffusion process by wind turbulence was formulated in terms of the autocorrelation functions of the measurable wind velocity field using G.I. Taylor's theorem. However, analysis of the example wind data suggested a delta correlation in wind turbulent component that resulted from subtracting their moving average values from the original wind speed data. The dynamic model based on the proposed formulation was able to effectively reproduce the observed equilibrium snow profiles affected by wind drifting. A two-dimensional model simulation using a 10 m digital elevation model in Muddy Gap, Wyoming was also presented for qualitative validation of the model in the watershed-scale applications. Additionally, the theoretical extension for preferential snow accumulation process was presented in Appendix Preferential Snow Accumulation by Gravity. These modeling results together with the observations on the prairie suggested the importance of the snow surface diffusion process in addition to the snow transport.
Language and communication in fragile X syndrome

In this article, we describe the language and communication problems of individuals with fragile X syndrome (FXS). FXS is a common genetic disorder resulting from a single-gene mutation on the X chromosome. It is associated with a wide spectrum of physical, behavioral, cognitive, and language problems. Males are typically more severely affected than females, with the vast majority of males having mental retardation. Language and communication are negatively affected by problems in oral-motor structure and function and by conductive hearing loss associated with recurrent otitis media. Speech problems of males with FXS include variability in rate and stuttering-like repetition of sounds. The pattern of speech problems displayed by males is unique to FXS and may reflect a form of developmental dyspraxia. Lexical development is serious delayed in males with FXS. It is less clear, however, whether lexical development keeps pace with achievements in cognitive development and whether receptive and expressive vocabularies are equally impaired. Morphosyntactic development is delayed in males with FXS, with receptive morphosyntax being mental-age-appropriate. It is less clear whether expressive morphosyntactic keeps pace with mental age in affected males. Communication problems are characteristic of both males and females and include features that are syndrome-specific. Most notable among the features displayed by males with FXS is perseveration on a word, phrase, or topic in conversation. Several hypotheses have been advanced to explain this perseveration, but the most promising focus is on hyperarousal and frontal-lobe-executive function deficits. Females with FXS display a run-on, disorganized, and tangential style of conversation that may result from their welldocumented frontal-lobe-executive function deficits. Language and communication intervention for affected individuals requires coordination of medical and behavioral approaches, with the involvement of professionals from several disciplines. Future research must focus on females, on language problems suggested by clinical experience, and on connections between language and communication problems and problems at the neurological and molecular genetic levels.
Animal Models for Human Psychopathology

In our clinical studies of depressed and manic individuals, we regularly make use of data from animal studies in planning our research and in evaluating our results. The data we use most come from studies of the neurochemical effects of drugs, and, to a lesser extent, data on the effects of drugs on the behavior of normal animals. In contrast, we rarely use biochemical or behavioral data derived from studies of abnormal animals—either strains exhibiting altered behavior or neurochemistry, or animals with induced “psychopathology,” because very little such information is available. One rapidly growing area of investigation, however, which was discussed in papers by Drs. Domino and Irwin, is the utilization of drugs which produce states of abnormal behavior in animals and man. Some of the more prominent examples of these pharmacologic agents are listed in Table I.
Multifractal versus monofractal analysis of wetland topography

The land surface elevation distribution will serve as fundamental input data to any wetland flow model. As an alternative to the traditional smooth function approach to represent or interpolate elevation data, we explore the use of Levy monofractals and universal multifractals as a means for defining a statistically equivalent topography. The motivation behind this effort is that fractals, like natural topography, are irregular, they offer a way to relate elevation variations measured at different scales, and the relationships are of a statistical nature. The study site was a riparian wetland near Savannah, GA, that contained beavers, and a total of four elevation transects were examined. The elevation increments showed definite non-Gaussian behavior, with parameter values, such as the Hurst coefficient and Levy index (α), depending on the question of presence of beaver activity. It was obvious that the data were highly irregular, especially the transects influenced by beavers. Significantly different α values were obtained depending on whether the entire data set or just the tails were examined, which demonstrated inability of the monofractal model to reflect fully the irregularity of wetland data. Further analysis confirmed definite multifractal scaling, and it is concluded that the multifractal model is superior for this data set. Universal multifractal parameters are calculated and compared to those obtained previously for more typical terrain. Although it is difficult to consider a unique universal multifractal parameter α for the entire wetland, multifractal-like scaling was evident in each transect as reflected by the nonlinear behaviors of the scaling functions. We demonstrate a good agreement between theory and measurements up to a critical order of statistical moments, q D , close to 3.5 and obtain realistic unconditioned simulations of multifractal wetland topography based on our parameter estimates. Future work should be devoted to conditioning multifractal realizations to data and to obtaining larger data sets so that the question of anisotropy may be studied.
Hardware-in-the-loop simulation for automated benchmarking of cloud infrastructures

To address the challenge of automated performance benchmarking in virtualized cloud infrastructures, an extensible and adaptable framework called CloudBench has been developed to conduct scalable, controllable, and repeatable experiments in such environments. This paper presents the hardware-in-the-loop simulation technique used in CloudBench, which integrates an efficient discrete-event simulation with the cloud infrastructure under test in a closed feedback control loop. The technique supports the decomposition of complex resource usage patterns and provides a mechanism for statistically multiplexing application requests of varied characteristics to generate realistic and emergent behavior. It also exploits parallelism at multiple levels to improve simulation efficiency, while maintaining temporal and causal relationships with proper synchronization. Our experiments demonstrate that the proposed technique can synthesize complex resource usage behavior for effective cloud performance benchmarking.
An electrothermal atomic absorption method for aluminum analysis in plasma: identification of sources of contamination in blood sampling procedures

A wide range of reported "normal" values for aluminum concentration in serum and plasma prompted the study of an analytical procedure for aluminum determination by atomic absorption and an investigation of possible sources of contamination, which may contribute to the wide variation in results reported in the literature. A method has been developed utilizing the graphite furnace, which gives linear results over an aluminum concentration range of 2.5 to 100 ng Al/mL and a limit of detection of 0.6 ng/mL. Recoveries of added aluminum from plasma ranged from 89 to 100% over this concentration range. The mean plasma concentration of aluminum found in four healthy volunteers was 2.7 ng Al/mL. Blood sampling devices and heparin can have significant amounts of aluminum contamination, which may explain the large discrepancies in quoted "normal" aluminum values in plasma and serum.
Iron-deficiency anaemia enhances red blood cell oxidative stress

Oxidative stress associated with iron deficiency anaemia in a murine model was studied feeding an iron-deficient diet. Anaemia was monitored by a decrease in hematocrit and haemoglobin. For the 9 week study an increase in total iron binding capacity was also demonstrated. Anaemia resulted in an increase in red blood cells (RBC) oxidative stress as indicated by increased levels of fluorescent heme degradation products (1.24-fold after 5 weeks; 2.1-fold after 9 weeks). The increase in oxidative stress was further confirmed by elevated levels of methemoglobin for mice fed an iron-deficient diet. Increased haemoglobin autoxidation and subsequent generation of ROS can account for the shorter RBC lifespan and other pathological changes associated with iron-deficiency anaemia.
Set-valued estimation for mobile sensor networks

This paper presents set-valued estimation algorithms for a mobile sensor network. A decentralized controller is also discussed; the controller utilizes the mobility of each sensor to improve the overall performance of the estimator. Simulations of the performance of the different set-valued estimation algorithms compare the results of a multi-agent system to a system using only local estimates, along with the performance of the sensor network tracking an evasive target.
Insulinlike growth factor I and interleukin 1β messenger RNA in a rat model of granulomatous enterocolitis and hepatitis

Abstract Background: Insulinlike growth factor I (IGF-I) is mitogenic for fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells and stimulates collagen synthesis. The present study tested the hypothesis that IGF-I is important in the development of granulomatous inflammation and fibrosis. Methods: IGF-I messenger RNA (mRNA) was measured in bowel and liver of rats with peptidoglycan-polysaccharide-induced chronic granulomatous enterocolitis and hepatitis using RNase protection. Cellular sites of IGF-I mRNA and IGF-I peptide precursor were localized by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Sites of IGF-I synthesis were compared with sites of interleukin 1β mRNA expression. Results: IGF-I mRNA was increased 3.7-fold in cecal tissue from peptidoglycan-polysaccharide-injected rats compared with controls. IGF-I mRNA was up-regulated in fibroblastlike cells in the intensely fibrotic periphery of cecal and hepatic granulomas. This region also expressed IGF-I peptide precursor. Interleukin 1 mRNA localized to macrophage-like cells in the center of granulomas. Conclusions: IGF-I may be important in the development of fibrosis in this model of Crohn's disease. The localization of IGF-I and interleukin 1 mRNAs to distinct but adjacent sites is consistent with a paracrine interaction between cells expressing IGF-I and interleukin 1.
A New Law for the Bond Rating Industry

With little fanfare last September, President Bush signed the Credit Rating Agency Reform Act of 2006, in an effort to open what had been a murky, government-sanctioned cartel of bond-rating firms. An optimist could argue that new law will make rater certification more transparent and open the business up to new competitors. A pessimist would respond that the law still gives tremendous power to government-ordained bond raters. Only the passage of time will tell who is correct.
An optimization approach for planning robotic field coverage

This paper presents an optimization approach that takes the vehicle's characteristics into account to minimize the non-working travel of mobile robots in coverage path planning. Since turns are often costly for mobile robots, minimizing the cost of turns usually produces more working efficiency. Prior researches on coverage path planning for mobile robots tend to fall into two complementary categories: (1) minimize the number of turns, by finding the optimal decomposition of a complex field into subfields and the optimal driving directions; (2) minimize the cost on a fixed number of turns, by finding the optimal visiting sequence of subfields and the optimal traversal sequence of parallel tracks for each subfield. This paper firstly presents a novel traversal pattern of parallel field tracks that belongs to the second category, then extends the proposed traversal pattern to connect with algorithms in the first category, providing a complete coverage path planning method for mobile robots. Experiments show that the proposed method can provide feasible solutions and the total wasted distance can be greatly reduced when compared against classical boustrophedon path or recent state-of-the-art.
MESS: A Multilingual Error based String Similarity measure for transliterated name variants

Cross-lingual name matching is an important problem in the fields of machine translation and data mining. Though well studied, it lacks a generic solution largely due to issues like language specific nuances, resource scarcity, etc. Most of the proposed unsupervised approaches focus on a small subset of languages, mostly English and its derivatives, and employ specific handcrafted rules that do not port well to other languages. In this paper, we propose a generic multilingual solution that instead adds simple probabilistic extensions to existing string similarity methods. Not only does our solution depend only on freely available open source resources but we also demonstrate the superiority of our approach on 60 language pairs drawn across language families.
Nanofluidic Ion Transport through Reconstructed Layered Materials

Electrolytes confined in nanochannels with characteristic dimensions comparable to the Debye length show transport behaviors deviating from their bulk counterparts. Fabrication of nanofluidic devices typically relies on expensive lithography techniques or the use of sacrificial templates with sophisticated growth and processing steps. Here we demonstrate an alternative approach where unprecedentedly massive arrays of nanochannels are readily formed by restacking exfoliated sheets of layered materials, such as graphene oxide (GO). Nanochannels between GO sheets are successfully constructed as manifested by surface-charge-governed ion transport for electrolyte concentrations up to 50 mM. Nanofluidic devices based on reconstructed layer materials have distinct advantages such as low cost, facile fabrication, ease of scaling up to support high ionic currents, and flexibility. Given the rich chemical, physical, and mechanical properties of layered materials, they should offer many exciting new opportunities fo...
Low-energy K 2 0 -proton interactions

The low-energy data on K20-proton collisions is analysed in terms of theI=0,s-wave KN scattering length α0. It is found that even though K20p reactions provide a good means of distinguishing between the various\(\bar KN\) scattering parameters solutions, they cannot be used to determine the correct value of α0.
Vascular Access and Nephrology Nursing Practice: Existing Views and Rationales for Change

No controlled studies investigating the effect of specific cannulation techniques on AV graft survival time and/or patency rates appear in the literature. These techniques include but are not limited to the following: skin preparation, rotation of cannulation sites, antegrade versus retrograde cannulation, rotating the axis of the needle, rerotating axis before removal, local injection versus topical application of anesthetics versus no anesthesia, and postdialysis site care and dressings. There have been no investigations published in the recent literature concerning the benefits of antegrade versus retrograde access cannulation. The difficulty validating the idea that antegrade cannulation may be more beneficial than retrograde, from a practical standpoint, is that few dialysis units use only one method. In addition, some clinicians change their method from one patient to the next. Does antegrade or retrograde cannulation create an incisional flap that is better approximated as the Qb passes over it after hemostasis occurs? Is there a difference in the incidence of stenosis in the arterial end of synthetic AV grafts exposed to antegrade cannulation versus those exposed to retrograde cannulation? No studies of blood recirculation at varying blood flow rates appear in the current literature. There is little mention of time required for hemostasis as an indication of patency of the AV graft. Are increases in time required to accomplish hemostasis after needle removal related to graft patency? Can one show distinct patterns in time to hemostasis at certain levels of patency?(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Method for Determination of Geometric Dismountability Based on Extended Interference Matrix

Geometric dismountability(GD) of component is the premise for assembly sequence planning based on "acquire assembly by disassembly",while interference matrix is an essential assembly relation model for determination of GD.To solve the problem of GD determination in the directions not parallel to the standard orthogonal coordinate axes,extended interference matrix(EIM) is proposed,whose structure is extended to directions of local coordinate axes of each component.To facilitate analysis of GD of component with multidirectional disassembly path,turning interference matrix(TIM) is proposed,whose structure is compact enough to describe the complete interference information from the turning point.Several methods for generating EIM and TIM rapidly and automatically are presented,including precise stepping-detection,coarse detection and accelerating detection based on bounding-box.The method for refraining static hard-interference automatically is also studied.A more comprehensive algorithm for determining GD based on EIM and TIM is then presented.An assembly planning system "AutoAssem" is developed based on UG NX platform,with the examples illustrating the effectiveness of each interference detection measures.EIM and TIM are testified to enrich the variety and variability of disassembly directions,which provide GD determination for complex production with great commonality,and provide subsequent sequence planning algorithms with effective foundation.
A contemporary approach to body mass regulation mechanisms

Recently, a lot of factors and mechanisms regulating body mass have been discovered, although there are still many unknowns. Their effect on the development of many diseases related to nutritional disorders (obesity, anorexia, celiac disease, inflammatory bowel disease) means that the understanding of these mechanisms will make it possible to determine new therapeutic goals and create new medicinal products. This is even more important because nowadays there is no effective medication to cure nutritional disorders. It is necessary to conduct further research to evaluate dependencies and relationships between particular hormones and to study newly discovered substances so that we could progress towards achieving the overall objectives while keeping the ultimate goals in mind.
Theory and Application of Semiochemicals in Nuisance Fish Control

Controlling unwanted, or nuisance, fishes is becoming an increasingly urgent issue with few obvious solutions. Because fish rely heavily on semiochemicals, or chemical compounds that convey information between and within species, to mediate aspects of their life histories, these compounds are increasingly being considered as an option to help control wild fish. Possible uses of semiochemicals include measuring their presence in water to estimate population size, adding them to traps to count or remove specific species of fish, adding them to waterways to manipulate large-scale movement patterns, and saturating the environment with synthesized semiochemicals to disrupt responses to the natural cue. These applications may be especially appropriate for pheromones, chemical signals that pass between members of same species and which also have extreme specificity and potency. Alarm cues, compounds released by injured fish, and cues released by potential predators also could function as repellents and be especially useful if paired with pheromonal attractants in "push-pull" configurations. Approximately half a dozen attractive pheromones now have been partially identified in fish, and those for the sea lamprey and the common carp have been tested in the field with modest success. Alarm and predator cues for sea lamprey also have been tested in the laboratory and field with some success. Success has been hampered by our incomplete understanding of chemical identity, a lack of synthesized compounds, the fact that laboratory bioassays do not always reflect natural environments, and the relative difficulty of conducting trials on wild fishes because of short field seasons and regulatory requirements. Nevertheless, workers continue efforts to identify pheromones because of the great potential elucidated by insect control and the fact that few tools are available to control nuisance fish. Approaches developed for nuisance fish also could be applied to valued fishes, which suffer from a lack of powerful management tools.
Chronic Nicotine Infusion in Rats: Evidence for Some Noncholinergic Actions

Recently, we reported (Aceto et al., Pharmacologist, 27, 225, 1985) that nicotine di-l-tartrate given continuously by intraperitoneal infusion (Teiger, 190, 405, 1974) at a dose of 0.1 µg/kg/sec (base) markedly suppressed drinking during the first day of infusion. In addition, when nicotine was abruptly withdrawn six days later, water consumption increased dramatically during the first 24 hrs. We confirmed these results and conducted additional studies with mecamylamine, a nicotine antagonist. When given simultaneously with nicotine at doses of 0.01 and 0.05 µg/kg/sec, mecamylamine failed to block either the initial suppression of drinking or the rebound increase during withdrawal. The vehicle and mecamylamine controls had no significant effect on drinking. In addition, the rats receiving nicotine or nicotine plus mecamylamine did not gain as much body weight as the other subjects in the study. However, four days after abrupt withdrawal was initiated, body weight was in the same range as the vehicle controls. No behavioral signs were noted either during infusion or abrupt withdrawal. These results suggest that some of nicotine’s actions may not involve cholinergic mechanism.
Reassigning Sense Codon AGA to Encode Noncanonical Amino Acids in Escherichia coli.

A new method has been developed to reassign the rare codon AGA in Escherichia coli by engineering an orthogonal tRNA/aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase pair derived from Methanocaldococcus jannaschii. The tRNA mutant was introduced with a UCU anticodon, and the synthetase was evolved to correctly recognize the modified tRNA anticodon loop and to selectively charge a target noncanonical amino acid (NAA) onto the tRNA. In order to maximize the efficiency of AGA codon reassignment, while avoiding the lethal effects caused by global codon reassignment in cellular proteins, an inducible promoter (araBAD) was utilized to provide temporal controls for overexpression of the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase and switch on codon reassignment. Using this system, we were able to efficiently incorporate p-acetylphenylalanine, O-methyl-tyrosine, and p-iodophenylalanine into proteins in response to AGA codons. Also, we found that E. coli strain GM10 was optimal in achieving the highest AGA reassignment rates. The successful reassignment of AGA codons reported here provides a new avenue to further expand the genetic code.
Abstract 11319: A Mitochondrial DNA (OPA1) Deletion Mutation Presenting With Cardiomyopathy and Disproportionate Dyspnea - First Human Case

Introduction: Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) depletion syndrome (MDS), a group of autosomal recessive disorders, is characterized by a paucity of mtDNA. MDS is a phenotypically heterogeneous disorder wh...
Multiple Hip Intra-Articular Steroid Injections Increase Risk of Periprosthetic Joint Infection Compared With Single Injections

Abstract Background Patients with hip osteoarthritis often temporize their symptoms with multiple intra-articular steroid hip injections (IASHIs) before undergoing total hip arthroplasty (THA). Although there is recent evidence to suggest that IASHI can lead to an increased risk of future periprosthetic joint infection (PJI), the potential increase in risk of PJI after multiple IASHIs compared with single IASHI remains largely unknown. The aim of the study was to evaluate whether multiple IASHIs are associated with increased risk of PJI compared with single IASHI in THA patients. Methods We evaluated 2 cohorts of patients consisting of 106 patients who received 2 or more IASHI in the year before THA and a matched group of 350 patients who received one IASHI in the 12 months before THA. Results The single and multiply-injected patient cohorts had an infection rate of 2.0% and 6.6% (7/350 and 7/106), respectively ( P = .04, odds ratio 3.30) and average follow-up of 28.9 and 24.2 months. The 2 cohorts did not differ with regard to age, gender, American Society of Anesthesiologist score, presence of diabetes mellitus, or body mass index. Conclusion In comparison with patients with single IASHI, multiple IASHIs are associated with an increased risk of PJI significantly higher than the elevated risk reported with single injection before THA. The present study findings would be clinically useful in counseling patients who are considering temporizing their symptoms with multiple IASHIs before undergoing THA.
Understanding dislocation slip in stoichiometric rocksalt transition metal carbides and nitrides

The slip systems for B1 MX compounds (M=Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta and X=C, N) have been studied extensively both experimentally and computationally as they influence the materials mechanical behavior at both high and low temperatures. Despite many investigations, the differences in observed slip systems, either $$\{111\}$$ or $$\{110\}$$ , in these materials remain an open question. In this paper, the factors that may determine the slip preference of these compounds have been studied based on the results from first principle calculations. The generalized stacking fault surfaces for all of the materials were computed and used to provide a more comprehensive understanding of slip plane choices. Through analysis of this data, it is found that among different indicators of slip, the normalized splitting width and the intrinsic stacking fault energy are the most useful indicators of the choice of slip planes in these materials. In addition, these indicators of slip are controlled by the structural energy differences between the B1 and tungsten carbides structures, which are correlated well with the number of valence electrons.
The prion model for progression and diversity of neurodegenerative diseases.

Summary The neuropathology of different neurodegenerative diseases begins in different brain regions, and involves distinct brain networks. Evidence indicates that transcellular propagation of protein aggregation, which is the basis of prion disease, might underlie the progression of pathology in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease. The prion model predicts specific patterns of neuronal vulnerability and network involvement on the basis of the conformation of pathological proteins. Indeed, evidence indicates that self-propagating aggregate conformers, or so-called strains, are associated with distinct neuropathological syndromes. The extension of this hypothesis to our understanding of common neurodegenerative disorders can suggest new therapeutic approaches, such as immunotherapy and small molecules, to block transcellular propagation, and new diagnostic tools to detect early evidence of disease.
AN OVERVIEW OF STAFF TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT: A STOOL IN ORGANIZATIONAL EFFICIENCY. A STUDY OF NIGERIAN POSTAL SERVICE PLC ONITSHA

The study examined Staff Training and Development as an effective tool in organizational efficiency. A study of Nigerian Postal Service Plc Onitsha. The objectivities of the study were developed to ascertain the necessary factors responsible for achieving organizational goals. Two hypotheses were developed for the study under investigation. Yaro Yameni formula was used to determine the sample size. Content validity was used to establish the reliability of the questionnaire and oral interview was used to obtain primary and secondary information. Chi-square was used to test the hypotheses. The major findings (A) making more fund available for training and development purpose. (B)More manpower should be employed training and evaluation employees. (C) More control over training programme should be excreted, since this will help to make evaluation of training activity a more serious activity. The theory used in this work is Henry Fayols Administrative management Theory. The recommendation is that Management should endeavour to apply and reap the rewards of the most recently develop training and development methods such as sensitivity training role-playing and in basket-methods.
Plan & Play: Supporting Intentional Media Use in Early Childhood

Parental controls allow parents to set limits on children's use of technology, but prior work suggests that controlling children alone is unlikely to foster the development of healthy media habits. We took elements from evidence-based preschool curricula that teach self-regulation and translated them to the digital space by creating a tool for preschoolers and parents to plan their device-based playtime. In an observational lab study with 11 parent-child dyads and follow-up interviews with 14 parents, we found that children demonstrated intentionality and made goal-directed choices as they planned, the mediating factor in developing self-regulation. We observed that parents prompted their child to be intentional and solicited children's input. When children played through their plan, they transitioned to the next activity without intervention 93% of the time. Our results suggest that evidence-based practices for teaching self-regulation in a non-digital context can be applied productively to children's use of technology. As parents supported children in trying the tool for the first time, a further contribution of this work is a hierarchical model of parents' approaches to scaffolding children's use of a novel technology.
Evaluation of periprocedural hypersensitivity reactions.

Abstract Background Identifying the cause of periprocedural hypersensitivity reactions (HSRs) remains challenging because of the multitude of medications involved. Antibiotics are the most common cause in the United States, whereas neuromuscular blocking agents are most common in Europe. Objective To identify causative agents for periprocedural HSRs. Methods This study was a 7-year retrospective medical record review of patients evaluated between December 2009 and January 2017 at a drug allergy center in Bronx, New York for periprocedural HSRs, defined as occurring soon before, during, or soon after a medical procedure or operation with or without general anesthesia. Demographics, description of historical HSRs, results of testing to potential causative medications, and tolerance of subsequent anesthesia were reviewed. Results Thirty-four patients completed a comprehensive evaluation. Skin testing identified an IgE-mediated cause in 22 patients (64.7%). The most common causative class of medications was induction agents (n = 9 [36%]), with midazolam being the most frequently implicated (n = 6 [3 positive skin test results, 3 equivocal skin test results]). Cefazolin was the most common agent identified (n = 8 [32%]) followed by ondansetron (n = 3 [12%]). Sixteen of 22 contacted patients were exposed to subsequent anesthesia, including 3 patients with negative evaluations. One patient experienced a mild urticarial HSR. Conclusion Induction agents were the most common causative agents in our patients, which differs from other studies. Given the variability in evaluations of periprocedural HSRs across the United States with data published on small sample sizes, there is a need to establish national guidelines to standardize evaluations and to create a national registry to allow for data sharing.
CSR in the Context of Transition Economy: An Evaluation of Enterprises CSR Practices in China

The structure between economic, social and environmental dimensions has to be rebuilt and rebalanced since China has been entering an accelerative transforming period. CSR is perceived as an effective way to achieve sustainable development, and regime actors’ engagement in CSR practices is essential and influential. We thereby evaluate the engaging extent of large enterprises and main industries in CSR practices. Also, the role of ownership in CSR practices is revealed.
Measurement of underivatized propranolol enantiomers in serum using a cellulose-tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) chiral stationary phase.

A commercially available high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) chiral stationary phase (HPLC-CSP) has been used to measure serum levels of d- and l-propranolol. The HPLC-CSP is based upon cellulose–tris(3,5-dimethylcarbamate) and is able to stereochemically resolve d- and l-propranolol without precolumn derivatization using a mobile phase composed of hexane:2-propranol:N,N-dimethyloctylamine (92:8:0.01, v/v/v). Under these conditions the observed stereochemical resolution (α) of the two enantiomers was α = 2.2. A subject's concentration–time curve of the two isomers was determined following the ingestion of 160 mg racemic propranolol.
Nomenclature, Definitions, and Evolution of the Kinetic Mechanism

Kinetics is now an integral part of enzymology. This statement would not have been valid fifteen or even ten years ago; however, within the last few years biochemists have begun to appreciate the enormous potential that the kinetic approach offers to the study of enzyme reaction mechanisms. The fact that in many types of kinetic studies one need not have a pure protein, that elaborate equipment is usually not required, and that the experimental protocol is relatively simple, are important factors in the increasing popularity of kinetics. Although it is true that “kinetics cannot prove anything” in terms of enzyme mechanisms, it is also true that, when considered in the context of current physical and organic chemical theory, such cliches become less meaningful.
Subtyping obsessive compulsive patients by depressive symptoms: a retrospective pilot study.

Depression is a frequent comorbid condition in obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) patients and may impact upon treatment prognosis. Identification of OCD “subtypes” might ultimately aid in treatment decision-making as it has in other psychiatric disorders. A retrospective pilot study was performed examining depressive and OCD symptomatology by analyzing the relation between factor scores on the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the Maudsley Inventory (MOCI) in 41 OCD patients. Total BDI score was significantly correlated with total MOCI score (r = .36, p < .02). Checking was correlated with Retarded depression (r = .30, p < .05). Doubting correlated with both Guilty depression (r = .48, p < .002) and Retarded depression (r = .37, p < .02). None of the canonical correlations were significant. At p < .08, the first canonical correlation approached significance. The data were interpreted cautiously as suggesting that some OCD patients may exhibit symptoms of Doubting together with Guilty depression and Retarded depression symptoms. These data need replication in a larger, prospective study design.