cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Oxygen supply limits the heat tolerance of lizard embryos

The mechanisms that set the thermal limits to life remain uncertain. Classically, researchers thought that heating kills by disrupting the structures of proteins or membranes, but an alternative hypothesis focuses on the demand for oxygen relative to its supply. We evaluated this alternative hypothesis by comparing the lethal temperature for lizard embryos developing at oxygen concentrations of 10–30%. Embryos exposed to normoxia and hyperoxia survived to higher temperatures than those exposed to hypoxia, suggesting that oxygen limitation sets the thermal maximum. As all animals pass through an embryonic stage where respiratory and cardiovascular systems must develop, oxygen limitation may limit the thermal niches of terrestrial animals as well as aquatic ones.
THE ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT, REGULATORY TAKINGS, AND PUBLIC GOODS

The Endangered Species Act (ESA) can impose significant limitations on what landowners may do with their property, especially as it pertains to development. These restrictions imposed by the ESA are part of a larger controversy about the reach of the “Takings Clause” of the Fifth Amendment, which says that private property shall not be taken for public use without just compensation. The question this paper addresses is whether these restrictions require compensation. The paper develops a position on the general question of compensation for regulatory takings and applies it to the ESA. The main argument concludes that compensation should be paid. It is based on the proposition that the goods provided by regulatory takings are typically public goods, and on a principle of fairness, which holds that compensation should be paid when those who benefit from a regulatory taking pay virtually nothing and those who pay receive hardly any benefit. It is argued that this principle is implicit in many of the Court's rulings on regulatory takings.
Limitations on the measurement of spatial coherence by near-field probes

Using a scalar dipole model, we find that the fundamental limitation on the measurement of spatial coherence by near-field probes can be understood in terms of a simple scattering model.
Feedback Preferences and Impressions of Waiting

Objective: Three experiments examined the effects of various feedback displays on user preference, apparent waiting durations, waiting time reasonableness, and other user experience measures. Background: User interface guidelines advocate keeping users informed about system status; however, the duration estimation literature shows that focusing on temporal information makes the wait seem longer. How can designers reconcile these issues? Methods: In three experiments, students chose movies from a simulated movie database and then were shown feedback displays (static, sequential dots, constant-rate progress bars, or variable-rate progress bars) for different durations. Users judged how reasonable the wait was and how long it lasted and then ranked their preference for the dialogs. Results: The pattern of preference results was different from duration-related judgments. Users preferred feedback that provided more information. On the other hand, when judging duration, users perceived simpler interfaces as being most reasonable. Conclusion: Different types of feedback are required for reducing perceived wait and increasing preference. Ratings of wait time reasonableness were consistent with the attentional gate theory of prospective timing; attention-demanding activity caused the wait to seem less reasonable. Preference, on the other hand, requires keeping users informed about the progress of operations. Application: Users prefer more feedback rather than less, even if it makes the wait seem less reasonable. However, the constant progress bar performed at the top of both reasonableness and preference, keeping users informed without increasing arousal or focusing attention on temporal stimuli. Other options are also discussed to make duration perceptions more reasonable.
Constitutionalism and credibility in reforming economies1

There has been relatively little investigation of the effect of constitutional transformations on the economic transition in post-communist countries. We develop a simple signalling model in which constitutionalism – a commitment to limit political power and provide judicial defence of basic rights – reinforces the credibility of pro-market candidates’ electoral promises and boosts public support for economic reforms. These findings are tested using opinion poll data on public support for reform in Central and Eastern Europe, and in the former Soviet Union, in the 1990s. In a two-stage procedure we show that public support for market reforms is higher in countries where incumbents have taken deliberate steps to increase political accountability and judicial independence. Public support also spurs actual economic reform.
Japanese B Encephalitis Virus in the Blood of Experimentally Inoculated Chickens.

ConclusionsAs a result of inoculating Japanese B encephalitis virus subcutaneously in chickens, virus can frequently be detected in the serum 24 hours to 7 days later. Even the subcutaneous inoculation of minute amounts of virus frequently resulted in viremia. In addition, it was demonstrated that following the bite of 4 infected mosquitoes infection with viremia occurred in the one chicken used. In these experiments, when employing a “brain-adapted” strain of virus and 2- to 3-months-old chickens, the titer of virus in the serum was relatively low. It was lower using this agent, than in similar experiments with strains of St. Louis and Western equine viruses recently isolated from mosquitoes. In 2 test feedings on chickens inoculated with Japanese B virus no mosquitoes became infected, but we feel that no conclusions should be drawn from such a limited test. Virus did not persist in the spleen of inoculated chickens over 8 days nor in the brain over 40 days (not tested earlier). These experiments do not ...
Continuous Calibration of Microring Weights for Analog Optical Networks

Continuously configurable weighted addition is a key function for multivariate analog signal processing. The wavelength-division multiplexed version of weighted addition based on microrings can apply the strengths of photonic integration, wideband photonic information processing, and multiwavelength networks toward new approaches to ultrafast analog distributed processing. In this letter, we experimentally demonstrate single-channel functionality using a 5-GHz signal, showing a continuous range of complementary (+/−) weighting in a bank of silicon microrings using a feedforward controller and balanced detection technique. Weight tuning accuracy with a dynamic range of 9.2 dB (i.e., 3.1 bits) is shown, and steps to improve performance are discussed. Systems of more microring weights and weight banks could address hitherto unsolvable problems in real-time radio frequency processing and high-performance control.
Outsourcing Patriarchy: FEMINIST ENCOUNTERS, TRANSNATIONAL MEDIATIONS AND THE CRIME OF ‘HONOUR KILLINGS’

While much has been written on the violence of honour killings and the women who are their victims, little has been written on the production of the concept of ‘honour killing’, or the ways that concept produces meanings, cultures and identities. This article takes on that question, looking at when, where and how violence against women gets named as a specific crime called ‘honour killing’, in which honour comes to be a stable and unchanging term, particularly as the term comes to have hegemonic meanings which submerge other possibilities, struggles and violence. In this article, I argue that the concept of patriarchy has been outsourced from the USA and Europe to do its messy work elsewhere. I do so by examining the circulations of ‘honour killings’ as a concept in the media coverage in India and in the ‘West’. This article finds this method particularly useful in analysing the concept of ‘honour killings’, particularly in terms of feminist struggles to give violence a voice and bring it to the public. T...
Critical Dynamics of Isotropic Antiferromagnets in 4 − ε Dimensions

The critical dynamics of a model isotropic antiferromagnet is studied in $4\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\epsilon}$ dimensions above and at ${T}_{\mathrm{N}}$. The renormalization-group, characteristic-frequency exponent, and shape function are determined to order $\ensuremath{\epsilon}$. In particular we find fluctuation-induced peaks in the shape function at and above the N\'eel temperature. We find results in agreement with dynamical scaling.
The Factorization of Adjoint Polynomials of Ss-Class Graphs with Chromatically Equivalence Analysis

In this paper, we give a new method for proving the chromatically non-unique graphs by studying factorization of their adjoint polynomials, we obtain some structure characteristics of their chromatically equivalent graphs.
Drug Transporters: Advances and Opportunities

Drug transporter research conducted over the last several decades has led to a greatly advanced understanding of the mechanisms underlying the principles of drug absorption and disposition. Although many transporters remain poorly characterized, there is ample evidence that the drug transporter field will ultimately provide vital support to routine patient management, and will play a key role in the discovery, development, and evaluation of innovative, cutting-edge therapies.
The Impact of Rebleeds in Cost Modelling of Treatment Strategies in Patients with Hemophilia A and Inhibitors.

Abstract Introduction: To investigate the cost-effectinvess of the treatment in patients with hemophilia and inhibitor, the expected number of rebleeds in home treatment is an important factor if one compares different treatment options e.g. APCC or rFVIIa. To evaluate the economic impact in mild to moderate bleeds in home treatment we used a robust established model to compare 1st, 2nd and 3rdline treatment either with rFVIIa or APCC. For the rate of rebleeds we refer to published data on a broad basis. Methods: To compare the economic impact of different treatment regimes, this model refers to an on-demand home treatment of bleeding episodes in adult hemophiliacs (mean body weight 75 kg) and is based on a previously published flow-diagram and calculation formula (Knight 2003). Dosage per bolus: rFVIIa 90μg/kg, aPCC 60 U/kg. Costs for German market were fixed at 1.21 €/IU for APCC, 0.73 €/μg for rFVIIa and 308.98 €/day in hospital. 3 treatment strategies (TS) were calculated: TS 1: APCC at home, followed by in hospital APCC (2nd-line) and rFVIIa (3rd-line) TS 2: APCC at home, followed by in hospital rFVIIa (2nd-line) and rFVIIa (3rd-line) TS 3: rFVIIa at home, followed by in hospital rFVIIa (2nd-line) and rFVIIa (3rd-line) The model was based on published data on dosing and outcome of therapy in each treatment phase. Probability of failure to control bleeding or rebleeding after first-line home treatment was set at 23.5% with APCC and 9.1% with rFVIIa. Results: Median costs for TS 1 are 23,521 Euro per bleeding episode as compared to 21,963 Euro for TS 2 and 14,328 Euro for TS 3. The difference is caused by costs for first attempt to control bleeding at home (APCC 16,335 Euro as compared to rFVIIa 11,333 Euro) and costs at later stages of treatment. Further analyses show, that favorable result for TS 3 is robust to changes of different parameters such as patients' weight. Conclusions: First line treatment with rFVIIa in case of on demand treatment seems to be the most cost effective option in inhibitor treatment in a home treatment setting or in-hospital treatment. Local prices have to be taken into consideration.
Oil refining in a CO2 constrained world: Effects of carbon pricing on refineries globally

Abstract Six aggregated refinery linear programming (LP) models were developed to represent actual refineries in North America, Latin America, Europe (including the CIS), Middle East, Asia (excluding China) and China. The models were used to conduct regional comparative assessments and to evaluate the effects of carbon pricing on refinery operations globally. We found that the average refinery energy efficiencies for the regions were estimated to range from 92.2% to 95.2%. The well-to-refinery gate carbon intensities for gasoline, diesel and jet fuels were estimated to be 17.1 (16.4–19.4), 13.3 (12.5–14.2) and 10.1 (9.6–10.8) gCO2eq/MJ, respectively. If refineries are forced to at least meet the 2014 regional volume demands for oil products, pricing CO2 would not have an impact on either refinery productions, efficiency or emissions. If refineries are allowed to re-optimize production slates to reduce CO2 emissions, refineries would opt to increase gasoline yield at the expense of diesel. This is counter intuitive since gasoline has a higher carbon intensity than diesel. The refinery bias against dieselization creates a supply preference toward a less efficient transportation end use. Here, we argue that if carbon pricing is not administered properly, this can lead to emissions leakage from refineries to the road transport sector.
Atomic Force Microscopy for Characterization of Surfaces, Particles, and Their Interactions

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses use of atomic force microscopy (AFM) for characterization of surfaces, particles, and their interactions. The AFM is an extremely ?exible instrument that can be used in a number of ways to produce various representations of surfaces. It is found that in constant force mode, the cantilever de?ection remains constant and the piezoelectric scanner adjusts using a feedback loop to maintain constant. In addition to measuring the normal force exerted on the probe, the lateral force may be measured from the torsion of the cantilever. The AFM tip may be chemically modi?ed using an appropriate form of surface modi?cation. It is observed that by the addition of speci?c chemical information, it is possible to add chemical speci?city to mechanical measurements ordinarily made using AFM. AFM measurements of particle size are similar to those made by light microscopy in that particles are spread upon a surface and sized using image analysis. Special needle-shaped tips are desirable for particle sizing by AFM in order to make edge detection as accurate as possible. It is found that if triangular or large tips are used, particle contact near the edge of the tip would be interpreted as being directly below the tip, increasing the apparent particle size.
Helping Behaviour and Subtle Discrimination

In counties in which egalitarian principles represent central cultural values, intergroup bias may be expressed in subtle rather than blatant ways. This subtle bias is commonly expressed in terms of differential helping for ingroup and outgroup members. In this chapter, we attempt to illuminate ways that intergroup helping can perpetuate and reinforce intergroup hierarchy that provides relative advantage to ingroup members. We discuss the roles of social categorisation, social identity and social dominance in shaping intergroup orientations. Then we briefly review the differential social forces that affect the expression of these orientations, highlighting the significant but often overlooked contribution of systematic favouritism in the expression of social bias. After that, we focus on research on intergroup helping behaviour and its relationship to subtle discrimination. Specifically, we consider the roles of ingroup favouritism, contemporary racism and strategic use of helping behaviour as a tool for social control. We conclude by identifying theoretical and practical implications of recognising the role of prosocial behaviour in social bias.
Transseptal puncture using surgical electrocautery in children and adults with and without complex congenital heart disease

Background Atrial transseptal puncture (TSP) for cardiac catheterization procedures remain challenging in children and adults with complex congenital heart disease (CHD). Objectives We sought to evaluate our experience using radiofrequency (RF) current via surgical electrocautery needle for TSP to facilitate diagnostic and interventional procedures. Methods Retrospective chart review of all patients (pts) who underwent TSP using RF energy (10–25 W) via surgical electrocautery from three centers from January 2011 to January 2017 were evaluated. Echocardiograms were reviewed to define the atrial septum as normal and complex (thin aneurysmal, thick/fibrotic, synthetic patch material, and extra cardiac conduit). Results A total of 54 pts underwent 55 successful TSP. Median age was 12.5 years (1 day–54 years) and weight was 52.7 kg (2–162). Indications for TSP included; EP study and ablation procedures in structurally normal hearts (n = 24) and in complex atrial septum/CHD and structural heart disease pts (n = 30): Electrophysiology study and ablation in 4, diagnostic catheterization in 9, and interventional procedures in 17 pts were performed. Atrial TSP was successful in 54/55 (98%). Atrial perforation with tiny-small pericardial effusion not requiring intervention was noted in 2 pts. TSP was unsuccessful in one critically ill neonate with unobstructed TAPVR and restricted atrial septum who experienced cardiac arrest requiring CPR, ECMO, and emergent surgery. Conclusions RF current delivery using surgical electrocautery for TSP is a feasible and an effective option in patients with complex CHD for diagnostic, interventional, and electrophysiology procedures.
Under-treatment of small cell lung cancer: the case for surgical resection

Limited stage (LS) small cell lung cancer (SCLC) has traditionally been treated with chemoradiation but the potential role of surgical treatment in early stage disease remains a topic of debate.
Experiencing the Art Museum: Methods for Public Engagement

Methods for interactive, socially engaged art museum experiences are explored. They examine the utility of developing larger, institutional philosophies to specific techniques via case studies at the U.C.L.A. Hammer Museum, the Oakland Museum of California, and the Walker Art Center. Employed by a spectrum of practitioners such as artists, designers, and museum professionals, these approaches created new avenues for interaction. Specifically, artists entering into visitor services to drive institutional evolution, techniques for engaging atypical visitors, and approaches for engaging with “the crowd” with ephemeral art movements.
Strategies of Preparedness Response to Biological Warfare and Bioterrorism Threats

Risks associated with deliberate use of biological agents against population and the needs for a strong public health system are well recognized. The potential use of biological agents is mounting every day, especially with growing political dissidence as well as social and economical conflicts in several countries. Countries in Eastern Europe have considerable vulnerability because of economical, social and political difficulties they are facing, along with inadequate response capacity and large number of outfits having continuous low intensity conflicts with established administrative system. There are no doubts that preparedness against biological weapons must be integrated in national disaster preparedness plan, as well as strengthen the core competencies of public health and other national and local authorities to respond to biological crisis, along with strong collaboration with other national agencies, like intelligence, defense and police.
Maintaining integrity in industry-sponsored research.

Many ethical and legal issues arise when academic medical research is sponsored by pharmaceutical companies. Virtual Mentor is a monthly bioethics journal published by the American Medical Association.
Reflex control of active cutaneous vasodilation by skin temperature in humans

The purpose of this study was to examine whether reflex effects of changes in whole body skin temperature (Tsk) on cutaneous vasculature are mediated through the vasoconstrictor or the active vasodilator arm of the sympathetic nervous system. In six subjects, reflex responses in forearm skin blood flow (SkBF) to changes in Tsk were monitored by laser-Doppler flowmetry. SkBF was monitored at a control site and at a 0.6-cm2 site where bretylium (BT) had been iontophoretically applied to abolish sympathetic vasoconstrictor control. Reflex control of SkBF at BT-treated sites is solely through active vasodilator activity. An index of cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC) was calculated from the blood flow signal and mean arterial pressure, measured noninvasively. Data are expressed relative to maximum CVC (CVCmax) achieved by local warming of measurement sites to 42 degrees C at the end of each study. Tsk was controlled with a water-perfused suit covering the entire body except for the head and arms. Esophageal temperature (Tes) was measured as an index of internal temperature. In part A (rest), raising Tsk at rest from 31.9 +/- 0.3 to 36.7 +/- 0.2 degrees C increased CVC at control sites from 3 +/- 0.2 to 5 +/- 0.6% of CVCmax. CVC did not change at BT-treated sites, suggesting that at rest, with a normal internal temperature, reflex effects of raising Tsk on SkBF are mediated through vasoconstrictor withdrawal. In part B (exercise), exercise at a low Tsk increased Tes to 37.49 +/- 0.1 degrees C.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Integrating Energy and The Environment in The Marketplace

Economists have long believed that the internalization of environmental externalities is a positive and effective policy prescription for managing these problems. Although internalization can be accomplished through a wide array of policy instruments,2 economists have preferred the use of economic incentives. Most frequently these prescriptions have taken the form of charges or fees for emissions, in essence a special corrective tax.
Teaching Secondary Students with Moderate Disabilities in an Inclusive Academic Classroom Setting

An English teacher and peer tutors used a system of least prompts procedure to teach 4 secondary students with moderate disabilities to write letters within a secondary composition class setting. While students without disabilities simultaneously worked on composition assignments, they taught the students with disabilities to write letters that included the following 4 components: (a) heading, (b) greeting, (c) content body, and (d) closing. A multiple probe design across students evaluated the effectiveness of the procedure. The English teacher collected supplementary data as to the attitudes of the composition class students toward the students with disabilities who participated in their class. Results indicate that it is possible to reliably incorporate direct instruction on functional academic skills within an inclusive setting. However, support for the regular education classroom teacher is desirable. Issues as to isolation within the academic setting and limited teacher interaction are discussed.
Microvascular obstruction in non-infarct related coronary arteries is an independent predictor of major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with ST segment-elevation myocardial infarction.

Abstract Background Coronary microvascular obstruction (MVO) in infarct-related artery (IRA) territory has been associated with worse cardiovascular outcomes in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. However, the prognostic value of non-IRA MVO in this patient population remains unknown. Methods and results One hundred ninety nine patients presenting to our institution with STEMI were enrolled. All patients underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention per institutional STEMI protocol followed by a cardiac MRI within 1 week of presentation and the IRA and non-IRA MVO segments were determined. All cause death, recurrent myocardial infarction, hospitalization for heart failure, and ventricular tachycardia were counted as major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). Patients with non-IRA MVO had lower composite MACE free survival at 6 months (HR 2.15, 95% CI, 1.06–4.35; p = 0.029) compared to those without non-IRA MVO. In a sub-analysis of patients with multi vessel disease (MVD), patients with non-IRA MVO also had lower composite MACE-free survival at 6 months as compared to those without non-IRA MVO (HR 2.47, 95% CI, 1.02–5.97; p = 0.037). Non-IRA MVO continued to be predictive of MACE in a cox proportional hazards model adjusting for additional prognostic factors using inverse probability weighting (p = 0.007). Non-IRA MVO was more prevalent in patients with LAD culprit vessel STEMI rather than those with RCA or Circumflex culprit vessels (p Conclusions Patients presenting with STEMI and non-IRA MVO have significantly lower MACE free survival at 6 months as compared to those without non-IRA MVO.
Cognitive Consistency Routing Algorithm of Capsule-network

Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) are computational models inspired by the central nervous system (especially the brain) of animals and are used to estimate or generate unknown approximation functions that rely on a large number of inputs. The Capsule Neural Network [1] is a novel structure of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) which simulates the visual processing system of the human brain. In this paper, we introduce a psychological theory which is called Cognitive Consistency to optimize the routing algorithm of Capsnet to make it more close to the working pattern of the human brain. Our experiments show that progress had been made compared with the baseline.
Jet crackle: From production to propagation to perception

The sound of a crackling jet is unusual. It is an irregular, popping noise that gives a distinct impulsive quality to the broadband noise from military jet aircraft, rockets, and even volcanoes. What are its possible causes? Which factors influence its propagation—and it perception? This presentation reviews historical and recent research into a phenomenon that lies at the crossroads of fundamental physical and psychoacoustics.
City Settlers: Participatory Games to Build Sustainable Cities

In this paper, we present the motivation for, and design of, City Settlers, a participatory simulation. In City Settlers learners engage in collaborative embodied play, competition, and sensemaking within the domains of sustainability, environmental complex systems, and city building. Learners work in teams running separate but interconnected cities, and need to deal with the interrelatedness of economic, ecological, and social systems which are integral to understanding sustainable development. Competing over some shared resources, and developing ad-hoc alliances during play -- players have the ability to optimize for different goals (industrial progress, agricultural progress, or social longevity). Learners are also scaffolded to reflect on the ways different desired goals lead to different individual and collective outcomes.
Anti-Bias Education in the Early Childhood Classroom: Hand in Hand, Step by Step

Anti-Bias Education in the Early Childhood Classroom provides a useful, clearly outlined guide for implementing anti-bias and anti-oppression practices in early childhood education settings. Throughout the book, you’ll find: Stories from the field Strategies for keeping teaching practices in touch with growing social justice movements Tasks and questions to spark your professional growth in this important area Katie Kissinger uses her personal experience as a longtime educator to highlight both the challenges and the potential for transformative learning in the anti-bias classroom, and gives other teachers the tools they need to create classrooms that welcome all students and families.
Further Evaluation of the Performance Diagnostic Checklist-Safety (PDC-Safety)

We further evaluated the Performance Diagnostic Checklist- Safety (PDC-Safety) by comparing the effectiveness of a PDC-Safety indicated intervention with a PDC-Safety non-indicated intervention for...
On the Analysis of Energy-Distortion Tradeoff for Zero-Delay Transmission over Gaussian Broadcast Channels

Asymptotic energy-distortion performance of zero-delay communication under Gaussian broadcasting is investigated. The analysis can be motivated by the scenario where the same internet of things (IoT) device is transmitting its measurements to multiple control units that are experiencing varying noise levels. Using high-resolution analysis for quantizer design coupled with orthogonal signaling, the higher-order term in the negative logarithm of the distortion, termed the energy-distortion dispersion, is optimized while keeping the leading term, the energy-distortion exponent, at its optimal value for the zero-delay regime.
Necking in Embryonal Tube Cells and Its Implications for Morphogenic Protoplasts and Conifer Tree Improvement

The breakup of viscous protoplasm into alternate smaller and larger protoplasts (necking) occurs naturally as a product of stress in elongated cells of an embryonal-suspensor mass. Necking can also be induced as an artifact of handling these actively streaming cells. Protoplasts, formed as a product of necking inside cells, can be released and recovered by cell-wall digesting enzymes. At least eight size classes of protoplasts can be recovered from cell suspension cultures of the embryonal-suspensor mass. This range of size classes is based on the different cell types (proembryonal, embryonal tube, embryonal suspensor, upper suspensor) and by limited spontaneous fragmentation and fusion of protoplasts among recovered size classes. Staining properties among recovered protoplast size classes reveal that: i) those derived from proembryonal cells may have morphogenic potential; ii) more than one protoplast inside cells of the embryonal tube and suspensor may contain a nucleus derived from a free nuclear stage; iii) the protoplast population represents a varied and fractional genetic potential based on organelles trapped in protoplasts during the necking and fusion processes; and iv) necking in conifer cells may explain illustrations in the literature showing multiple migrating nuclei just after fertilization or in cylindrical cells of the embryonal-suspensor mass. These nuclei produce a new cytoplasm or neocytoplasm associated with the establishment of the classical “basal plan” for proembryonal development. This neocytoplasm interacts in unknown ways to select for chloroplast genomes from pollen and mitochondria of the female parent.
Using Nanopore Whole-Transcriptome Sequencing for Human Leukocyte Antigen Genotyping and Correlating Donor Human Leukocyte Antigen Expression with Flow Cytometric Crossmatch Results.

Transplant centers are increasingly using virtual crossmatching to evaluate recipient and donor compatibility. However, the current state of virtual crossmatching fails to incorporate donor human leukocyte antigen (HLA) expression in the assessment, despite numerous studies that have demonstrated the impact of donor HLA expression on physical crossmatch outcomes. Whole-transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq) for HLA enables simultaneous determination of HLA genotyping and relative HLA expression. Ultimately the RNA-Seq needs to be faster to be incorporated into the virtual crossmatching process. However, to demonstrate feasibility, the utility of the MinION sequencer (Oxford Nanopore Technologies, Oxford, UK) was evaluated in combination with RNA-Seq to generate HLA genotypes and to determine HLA class I expression. Although HLA class I expression varied among individuals, the pattern of HLA expression remained relatively consistent (HLA-B > HLA-A = HLA-C). HLA-A and -C had similar expression profiles. The impact of donor HLA expression was evaluated using serum samples containing a single donor-specific antibody (DSA). By making DSA consistent, donor HLA expression variability could be assessed. With consistent DSA mean fluorescence intensity, there was a direct relationship between the donor HLA expression to which the DSA is against and flow cytometric crossmatch median channel shifts.
Gentle Holiness in the Vocational Culture of Seventeenth-Century French Visitandine Nuns

Christopher J. Lane tackles the subject of vocation among French seventeenth-century Visitandine nuns in his article ‘Gentle Holiness in the Vocational Culture of Seventeenth-Century French Visitandine Nuns’. He does this by examining the nuns’ hagiographic death notices, which offer abundant biographical information. Lane finds that these necrologies reveal that different spiritual currents were present in Visitation convents: young women took the veil for ample reasons, despite the rigorist approaches to vocational discernment advocated by several authors.
SOME SURPRISES FROM RAMAN MEASUREMENTS OF DISPLACIVE FERROELECTRICS BELOW Tc

We show that a careful comparison between the dielectric constant obtained from lattice dynamics via the Lyddane-Sachs-Teller or other theories, e m , is always smaller than that obtained from standard measurements of the capacitance, e cap . Further, e cap /e m becomes larger as T c is approached from below. This effect occurs in all displacive ferroelectrics where e cap and e m could be determined. However, this and other related effects, show up particularly clearly in “dirty” displacive ferroelectrics such as PLZT and Pb(Zn 1/3 Nb 2/3 )O 3 .
Clinical and Economic Burden of Hospitalizations for Infective Endocarditis in the United States.

Abstract Objective To assess contemporary trends in the incidence, characteristics, and outcomes of hospital admissions for infective endocarditis (IE) in the United States. Patients and Methods Patients ≥18 years admitted with IE between January 1, 2003, and December 31, 2016, were identified in the National Inpatient Sample. We assessed the annual incidence, clinical characteristics, morbidity, mortality, and cost of IE-related hospitalizations. Results The incidence of IE-related hospitalizations increased from 34,488 (15.9; 95% confidence interval [CI], 15.73, 16.06) per 100,000 adults) in 2003 to 54,405 (21.8; 95% CI, 21.60-21.97) per 100,000 adults) in 2016 (P Conclusions There is a substantial recent rise in endocarditis hospitalizations in the United States. Although the adjusted in-hospital mortality of endocarditis and the cost of admission decreased over time, the overall expenditure on in-hospital care for endocarditis increased.
Detrital zircon age spectra of middle and upper Eocene outcrop belts, U.S. Gulf Coast region

[This article presents 60 detrital zircon age spectra for samples from the Paleogene outcrop belt of the U.S. Gulf Coast region, with a particular emphasis on middle and upper Eocene strata. We group the age spectra along the strike of the outcrop belt and evaluate how they change through time at given points in the basin. The data facilitate a discussion of drainage patterns to the Gulf Coast in the middle and upper Eocene. , Abstract Recently reported detrital zircon (DZ) data help to associate the Paleogene strata of the Gulf of Mexico region to various provenance areas. By far, recent work has emphasised upper Paleocene‐lower Eocene and upper Oligocene strata that were deposited during the two episodes of the highest sediment supply in the Paleogene. The data reveal a dynamic drainage history, including (1) initial routing of western Cordilleran drainages towards the Gulf of Mexico in the Paleocene, (2) an eastward shift of the western continental divide, from the Jura‐Cretaceous cordilleran arc to the eastern edge of the Laramide province after the Paleocene and (3) a southward shift, along the eastern Laramide province, of the headwaters of river systems draining to the Mississippi and Houston embayments at some time between the early Eocene and Oligocene. However, DZ characterisation of most (~20 Myr) of the middle Eocene‐lower Oligocene section remains limited. We present 60 DZ age spectra, most of which are from the middle or upper Eocene outcrop belts, with 50–200‐km spacing. We define six to eight distinct groups of DZ age spectra for middle and upper Eocene strata. Data from this and other studies resolve at least six substantial temporal changes in age spectra at various positions along the continental margin. The evolving age spectra constrain the middle and upper Eocene drainage patterns of large parts of interior North America. The most well‐resolved aspects of these drainage patterns include (1) persistent rivers that flowed from erosional landscapes across the Paleozoic Appalachian orogen either into the low‐lying Mississippi embayment or directly into the eastern Gulf; (2) at least during marine regressions, a trunk channel that likely flowed southward along the axial part of Mississippi Embayment and integrated tributaries from the east and west; and (3) rivers that flowed to the Houston embayment in the middle Eocene that likely originated in the Laramide province in central Colorado and southern Wyoming, as Precambrian basement highs in those source areas were being unroofed.]
Implementation of password manager with sram-based physical unclonable function.

Hacking password databases is one of the most frequently reported cyber-attacks. Current password management systems are based on known and public algorithms. Also, many studies have shown that users select weak passwords. Thus, with the emergence of new powerful computing devices, the passwords based on known algorithms can be disclosed. Using physical unclonable functions (PUFs) for increasing the security level of password management systems is a quite recent method that is proposed to solve this problem. In this method, Addressable PUF Generator (APG) is added to the conventional password management systems. This report is aimed at implementing the password generation scheme using SRAM-based PUF. The bit error is indeed the main issue with using PUFs is addresses in this paper. To solve this issue, Ternary Addresseble PUF Generator is used.
Cobalt-catalyzed aminocarbonylation of (hetero)aryl halides promoted by visible light.

The catalytic aminocarbonylation of (hetero)aryl halides is widely applied in the synthesis of amides but relies heavily on the use of precious metal catalysis. Herein, we report an aminocarbonylation of (hetero)aryl halides using a simple cobalt catalyst under visible light irradiation. The reaction extends to the use of (hetero)aryl chlorides and is successful with a broad range of amine nucleophiles. Mechanistic investigations are consistent with a reaction proceeding via intermolecular charge transfer involving a donor–acceptor complex of the substrate and cobaltate catalyst.
Annals On Call - Clinical Reasoning and Testing for COVID-19

In this episode of Annals On Call, Dr. Centor discusses testing for COVID-19 with Drs. Rabih Geha and Reza Manesh.
Genome-Wide CRISPR Screen Identifies Non-Canonical NF-κB Signaling as a Potent Regulator of Density-dependent Proliferation

Epithelial cells possess intrinsic mechanisms to maintain an appropriate cell density for normal tissue morphogenesis and homeostasis. Defects in such mechanisms likely contribute to hyperplasia and cancer initiation. To identify genes that regulate the density-dependent proliferation of murine mammary epithelial cells, we developed a fluorescence-activated cell sorting assay based on FUCCI, which marks different stages of the cell cycle with distinct fluorophores. Using this powerful assay, we performed a genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 knockout screen, selecting for cells that proliferate normally at low density but continue to divide at high density. Unexpectedly, one top hit was Traf3, a negative regulator of NF-{kappa}B signaling that has never previously been linked to density-dependent proliferation. We demonstrate that loss of Traf3 specifically activates non-canonical NF-{kappa}B signaling. This in turn triggers an innate immune response and drives cell division independently of known density-dependent proliferation mechanisms, including YAP/TAZ signaling and cyclin kinase inhibitors, by blocking entry into quiescence.
Effective machine learning identification of TOC-rich zones in the Eagle Ford Shale

Abstract Successful hydrocarbon production in the Eagle Ford relies on technological advances such as directional geosteering, horizontal drilling , and hydraulic fracturing, as well as the identification and delineation of organic-rich intervals and fracture zones . Total organic carbon (TOC) is an excellent indicator for the organic richness and the hydrocarbon potential of shale in unconventional reservoirs; however, common methods for TOC estimation have many underlying assumptions and rely on empirical formulas. It is useful to develop a robust data-driven approach that could be used to reliably identify TOC-rich zones in unconventional plays such as the Eagle Ford. Using gamma-ray, deep resistivity, and sonic wireline well log data from La Salle County, South Texas, we generate a layer unit database and label the layer units using core measured TOC values. We apply a data-driven binary support vector machine (SVM) machine learning approach to identify TOC-rich zones within the Eagle Ford. We evaluate the performance of the SVM classifier and obtain F1 scores ranging from 97.4% to 99.4%. The methodology successfully identifies TOC-rich zones that match with geological observations, the Δ logR method, and independently obtained core TOC measurements. We demonstrate the successful cross-well application of the methodology within the Eagle Ford Play Area and also demonstrate the successful cross-basin application of the methodology using data from the Barnett Shale Formation, Fort Worth Basin, North Texas, and the Duvernay Shale Formation of the West Canadian Sedimentary Basin , Canada.
Decoupling the Law of Will-Execution

The law of will-execution includes two related but distinct components. The first is formality, including the requirements that a will be written, signed, and witnessed. The second is the standard that courts use to evaluate compliance with these formalities. Courts traditionally apply a rule of strict compliance, under which any formal defect invalidates the will. Fueled by longtime criticism of this rule, an ongoing reform movement seeks to relax the law’s insistence on strict compliance. However, despite broad support within the legal academy, this reform effort has been slow to instigate change.This Article argues that the reform movement’s struggles can be explained in part by the way that scholars evaluate the need for reform. When analyzing this area of law, they typically ask two questions: (1) What are the functions of will formalities? and (2) How can the law be changed so that these functions are better served? By focusing on formality’s purpose, the reform movement overlooks the purpose of strict compliance, and it therefore fails to clearly identify the costs and benefits of reform.Just as will formalities serve specific functions, the rule of strict compliance also serves various functions. The loss of these functions is a potential cost of reform that the reform movement disregards when it focuses on formality. This Article therefore illuminates the utility of reform by clearly identifying the functions of strict compliance and by analyzing whether these functions justify the rule’s place in the law of wills. This analysis clarifies the costs and benefits of reform and ultimately refines the argument in favor of change.
“I Didn’t Know It Was a Language Back Then”: The Ideological Value of Recognition Among Gallo Advocates in Brittany

Keller examines how advocates for Gallo, a marginalized Romance language spoken in Brittany, France, promoted a metalinguistic community where knowledge of Gallo as “a language” (in contrast to its popular designation as “deformed French”) was valued independently of linguistic proficiency. Gallo performers, writers, and learners demarcated a subject position of language recognizer through patterns of epistemic and affective stancetaking across three genres of discourse about Gallo: personal experience narratives, promotional materials, and a play. Keller elucidates how the role of minority language recognizer can make space for those who feel emotional connection to a language and its associated social world and have knowledge of its importance, without reinscribing idealized notions of proficiency. In this way, language and community are co-articulated through locally valued acts of belonging.
Prospective examination of self-harm up to three years after contact with Child Protective Services (CPS).

We examined the prevalence and correlates of self-harm among adolescents in the three years following an investigation by U.S. Child Protective Services (CPS) into alleged child maltreatment. Participants (N = 1573, 47% Male, 45% White) were drawn from the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being, cohort II. Self-harm was assessed at the conclusion of the CPS investigation, and at 18- and 36-months follow-up. Descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression were used to assess differences in self-harm over time by demographic characteristics, maltreatment type, and out-of-home placement. The prevalence of self-harm among older adolescents (15-17 years) remained stable at ∼10%, while among younger adolescents (11-14 years), it declined from 13% to 3.5%. Approximately 4.5% of youth reported self-harm at multiple survey waves. Native American and Asian/Pacific Islander youth were five times more likely to report repeated self-harm. Further research is warranted to understand this heightened risk.
Origens e desafios da profissionalização no movimento de saúde da mulher de São Paulo

Este texto proporciona um panorama das origens e caracteristicas do movimento de saude da mulher em Sao Paulo, como exemplo especifico de movimento social. Focaliza sua diversidade organizacional que inclui (embora nao se restrinja a) diferencas entre organizacoes profissionalizadas e nao-profissionalizadas. Em pano de fundo, esta presente a questao do que acontece com o potencial de movimentos sociais quando se tornam dependentes de doadores ou instituicoes convencionais, como fundacoes ou agencias financiadoras. O texto levanta algumas questoes preliminares sobre a relacao entre as formas e praticas organizacionais, como a profissionalizacao e formalizacao, na medida em que influenciam a solidariedade e a identidade coletiva de grupos e, ainda, no modo como movimentos sociais produzem mudancas. Em termos mais amplos, busca aprofundar o conhecimento do campo dos movimentos sociais em sua pluralidade, que inclui a pluralidade organizacional, apontando as vantagens dessa diversidade assim como os problemas e tensoes que provoca.
Convergence of small molecule and peptide transmitters on a common molecule cascade.

Publisher Summary This chapter summarizes the evidence that a conventional transmitter, serotonin, and the small cardioactive peptides—SCP A and SCP B —can modulate a specific K + channel by means of cyclic adenosine monophosphate. Although the information is still fragmentary, there is the possibility that a third class of transmitter, yet unidentified, works by the same mechanism. In modulating this K + channel, each of these transmitters also regulates transmitter release at a specific set of synapses involved in two short-term forms of memory, each lasting minutes to hours: the memory for short-term behavioral sensitization and for classical conditioning. The specific set of connections modulated during short-term sensitization also undergoes a prolonged modulation lasting days and weeks, which contributes to long-term memory for sensitization. The ion channel gated by transmitters consists of at least three functional components: (1) a receptor or recognition site, (2) a channel, and (3) a gate. The receptor recognizes the transmitter and instructs the gate to open or close the channel. The channel conducts ions only when it is gated open.
Maximum Nonerosive Furrow Irrigation Stream Size

A technique is presented to predict maximum nonerosive irrigation stream size for furrows as a function of soil type and bed slope. Data for different soils and field conditions were analyzed to estimate the coefficients of a prediction equation of the form Q=α\NSuaβ\N. A Table giving the estimated coefficients for each soil type is given.