cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
‘Drive-Thru’ Arbitration in the Digital Age: Empowering Consumers Through Regulated ODR

Online Dispute Resolution (ODR) has been promoted for quickly and conveniently resolving claims using online “drive-thru” processes instead of more costly and time-consuming face-to-face meetings and hearings. Most commentators have nonetheless focused mainly on non-binding or automated bidding processes, perhaps due in part to fairness concerns associated with off-line arbitration. This Article, however, explores the potential for online binding arbitration (OArb), and sheds new light on arbitration as means for empowering consumers to obtain remedies on their e-merchant claims. By moving arbitration online, OArb helps address concerns regarding companies’ use of arbitration clauses to curb consumers’ access to remedies on their typically small claims. This Article offers suggestions for regulations that aim to capitalize on OArb’s potential for providing consumers with convenient and cost-effective access to remedies while augmenting companies’ cost-savings from avoiding court and class actions, which they may pass on to consumers through lower prices and better quality products.
Modeling the cost of bird strikes to US civil aircraft

The objective of our analysis is to develop a model of damage costs that arise from collisions between aircraft and birds, based on data drawn from the Federal Aviation Administration National Wildlife Strike Database (NWSD). We develop a two-part model, composed of two separate statistical models, that accounts for the effects of aircraft mass category, engine type, component of the aircraft struck, and the size and number of birds struck. Our results indicate the size of bird, number of birds, and engine ingestions are the largest determinants of strike-related costs. More generally, our result is a model that provides a better understanding of the determinants of damage costs and that can be used to interpolate the substantial amount of missing data on damage costs that currently exists within the NWSD. A more complete accounting of damage costs will allow a better understanding of how damage costs vary geographically and temporally and, thus, enable more efficient allocation of management resources across airports and seasons.
Biochemical analysis of the membrane and soluble forms of the complement regulatory protein of Trypanosoma cruzi

A developmentally regulated, 160-kDa trypomastigote surface glycoprotein was previously shown to bind the third component of complement and to inhibit activation of the alternative complement pathway, thus providing the parasites a means of avoiding the lytic effects of complement. We now show that this complement regulatory protein (CRP) binds human C4b, a component of the classical pathway C3 convertase, and may therefore also act to restrict classical complement activation. Characterization of the extent of carbohydrate modification of the protein revealed extensive N-linked glycosylation and no apparent O-linked sugars. The CRP purified from parasites treated with an inhibitor of N-linked glycosylation exhibited a decreased binding affinity for C3b compared with that of the fully glycosylated protein. We have previously shown that the protein was anchored to the membrane via a glycosyl phosphatidylinositol linkage and was spontaneously shed from the parasite surface. The spontaneous release of CRP from the parasite surface may augment the protection of the parasites from complement-mediated lysis by the removal of complement-CRP complexes. The majority of the shed CRP had an apparent molecular mass of 160 kDa and lacked the glycolipid anchor, whereas the membrane form was recovered with the glycolipid anchor attached and had an apparent molecular mass of 185 kDa. Both the membrane form (185 kDa) and the soluble form (160 kDa) retained binding affinity for C3b. Evidence is presented to indicate that the conversion of the 185-kDa membrane form to the 160-kDa form is the result of cleavage by an endogenous phospholipase C.
A critique of cognitive labeling explanations of the emotional and behavioral effects of alcohol.

Abstract Alcohol researchers have increasingly invoked the concept of cognitive labeling to account for variations in alcohol's emotional and behavioral consequences due to drinking context characteristics and the drinker's expectations of alcohol's effects. This paper examines the conceptual and empirical bases for applying the cognitive labeling concept to aid in explaining alcohol's emotional and behavioral effects. It is argued that the concept often has been misapplied in the contemporary alcohol literature and, when empirically tested, has not been supported. Although a cognitive labeling process may be found to mediate alcohol's effects under certain conditions, it probably does not exert as important an influence as has recently been proposed.
Situational Determinants of Attitudes toward the Elderly An Experimental Analysis

The present investigation was undertaken to examine the effects of systematic variation of described situational factors on a multidimensional evaluation of the elderly by young adults. Young male and female subjects received a positive, neutral, or negative description in conjunction with the photo of a young or old male. As hypothesized, the ratings of both young and old "persons" were a function of associated situational description. It was also found that the views of the young varied considerably across the different attitude dimensions considered. Further, ratings on these dimensions were differentially-influenced by the different descriptive situations provided.
Role of peptidoleukotrienes in capsaicin-sensitive sensory fibre-mediated responses in guinea-pig airways

1. The right bronchus with the right vagus nerve remaining intact was isolated from the guinea-pig. Stimulating the end of the right vagus nerve distal to the bronchus resulted in a biphasic contractile response with a rapid first phase and a second phase which persisted after the cessation of stimulation. The first phase was selectively sensitive to atropine, while the second phase was non-cholinergic, but abolished by pre-treatment with the sensory C fibre toxin, capsaicin. This biphasic contraction was mimicked by electrical field stimulation of the bronchus and strips of the distal aspect of the trachea. 2. The capsaicin-sensitive second phase produced by either vagus nerve stimulation or electrical field stimulation, was inhibited by greater than 50% by the selective peptidoleukotriene receptor antagonist SKF 104353, whereas the inactive stereoisomer of SKF 104353, SKF 104373, was without effect. SKF 104353 did not inhibit the cholinergic first phase, nerve conduction along the vagus nerve, or contractions to exogenously added substance P and neurokinin A. 3. The inhibitory effect of SKF 104353 on second-phase contractions was mimicked by two structurally unrelated selective peptidoleukotriene receptor antagonists, WY 48252 and ICI 198615, and by the 5'-lipoxygenase inhibitor REV 5901. 4. Exogenously added leukotriene D4 (1 nM) potentiated the second-phase contractions in the trachea and this effect was reversed by 0.1 microM-SKF 104353. Leukotriene D4 did not affect responses to exogenously added substance P or neurokinin A. 5. Stimulation of the right vagus nerve produced plasma extravasation in the trachea and in the main bronchi of atropine- and propranolol-pre-treated guinea-pigs. This was inhibited by about 50% by SKF 104353 (10 mg/kg, I.V.), whereas SKF 104373 (10 mg/kg, I.V.) was without effect. 6. It is suggested that endogenous peptidoleukotrienes make a significant contribution to the airway smooth muscle and vascular effects of capsaicin-sensitive nerve stimulation in the guinea-pig.
CD98 is a potential target for ablating B cell clonal expansion and autoantibody in multiple sclerosis

Current B cell-directed therapies for multiple sclerosis impact multiple B cell functions. CD98hc enables B cell clonal expansion and antibody production. I probed the relative importance of autoantibody secretion vs. other B cell functions in MS and targeted CD98hc as a possible therapeutic strategy. I report that the loss of CD98hc function in B cells largely prevents autoantibody production while preserving antigen-presenting and T cell-directing capacities. Mice lacking CD98hc in B cells are protected from EAE; importantly this is overcome with autoantibody-containing plasma. Thus CD98hc blockade is a possible avenue to treat MS by inhibiting clonal expansion and autoantibody.
Comparative evaluation of computer-based tachistoscopes

Various methods of implementing a computer-based tachistoscope are compared. Software considerations are emphasized, but hardward issues are also examined. Three types of systems are identified: file-driven systems, sets of callable subroutines, and special languages. All have advantages in some circumstances. A system of callable subroutines is favored, together with a file-driven system written in the host language using the subroutines.
Laboratory Evaluations of Materials as Repellents for the Face Fly, 1962–69

Fifteen of 75 materials evaluated at 1% concentrations against Musca autumnalis De Geer were highly repellent based on the results obtained in 10 minutes with a sandwich bait. Repellent activity was found with 2 general types of compounds: certain sullides and sulfoxides and a variety of N,N -disubstituted amides.
Relationships between molecular weight, solution viscosity, and melt index for narrow distribution, high pressure polyethylene whole polymers. Fast M̄n determinations

Melt and solution viscosity properties of laboratory-prepared batch polymerized high pressure polyethylene have been found to correlate well with molecular weight. These polymers have narrow and nearly constant molecular weight distributions and contain essentially no long-chain branches. Short-chain branching was found to have little or no effect on the relationships. Polyethylene made in the same reactor having long-chain branches had melt and solution viscosity properties which deviated seriously from these relationships. The deviations serve as a semiquantitative measure of long-chain branching. When long-chain branching is absent, the correlations serve as rapid methods of determining Mn for narrow-distribution polymers.
How much risk are you prepared to take

Any faculty member wishing to commercialize a discovery or technology should contemplate the pros and cons of pursuing the entrepreneurial route or licensing to an outside entity.
Modeling and evaluation of designs for solid hydrogen storage beds

Abstract Mathematical models have been developed to predict the performance of metal-hydride beds used for hydrogen storage. The relative importance of heat transfer, mass transfer, chemical kinetics and equilibrium have been evaluated by comparison of the models with experimental data supplied by Brookhaven National Laboratory for a cylindrical bed containing iron-titanium (FeTi) alloy. Of these factors, only mass transfer was found to be negligible. An equilibrium model without empirical parameters produces bed pressure and temperatures that show good agreement with experimental data; however, events such as maximum pressure and centerline temperatures are predicted at times that differ from those observed. This model is used to evaluate two proposed designs for solid hydrogen storage beds in which (1) FeTi alloy is contained in tubes that are externally cooled, and (2) FeTi alloy is contained in a bed that is penetrated by cooling tubes. The model predicts that heat transfer surface area is utilised most effectively with the second cooling configuration.
Solitary Aneurysm of the Middle Lobe Artery: A Case Report and Review of Solitary Peripheral Pulmonary Artery Aneurysms

Abstract A patient with a solitary peripheral pulmonary artery aneurysm successfully treated by operation is presented. This is the oldest patient in whom an aneurysm of this type has been removed by lobectomy, and the aneurysm is the first recorded in the right middle lobe. The literature on this entity is reviewed, and the diagnosis and etiology are discussed. Of 35 patients having a solitary peripheral pulmonary artery aneurysm, 21 died from rupture, an outcome which strongly supports the role of operation for this problem. The solitary peripheral pulmonary artery aneurysm is yet another entity to be considered in the differential diagnosis of the so-called coin lesion. Pulmonary angiography may be necessary to exclude multiple aneurysms.
Union response to mechanization in U.S. bituminous coal

Abstract A union can discourage substitution of capital for labor by setting wages conditional on technology, that is, by setting higher wages for workers employed in more capital-intensive settings. The resulting wage–employment outcome will appear to be off the labor demand curve (defined with respect to the average wage) yet no employment restrictions need be written into the union contract. This paper investigates Sumner Slichter's suggestion that the United Mine Workers followed just such a machine-deterring wage policy in the early twentieth century. The data show clear evidence that the union pursued a machine-deterring wage policy, but that this policy probably did not actually deter the use of machine mining more than a few percentage points. On the other hand, the data show a larger nonwage deterrent effect of unionism on machine mining.
Contribution of lipid-reactive natural killer T cells to obesity-associated inflammation and insulin resistance

Obesity is associated with a low-grade, chronic inflammation that promotes the development of a variety of diseases, most notably type 2 diabetes. A number of cell types of the innate and adaptive immune systems have been implicated in this process. Recent studies have focused on the role of natural killer T (NKT) cells, a subset of T lymphocytes that react with lipids, in the development of obesity-associated diseases. These studies have shown that invariant NKT (iNKT) cells, a population of NKT cells expressing a semi-invariant T cell receptor, become rapidly activated in response to lipid excess, and that these cells influence the capacity of other leukocytes to produce cytokines during the progression of obesity. The role of NKT cells in obesity-associated inflammation and insulin resistance has been investigated using NKT cell-deficient animals, adoptive transfer of NKT cells and an iNKT cell agonist. While divergent results have been obtained, it is now clear that NKT cells can modulate the inflammatory milieu in obesity, suggesting that these cells could be targeted for therapeutic intervention in obesity-associated diseases.
Of happy and hapless regulators: the asymptotics of ruin

Abstract We employ a simple single-period ruin probability as a useful tool for studying various asymptotic effects associated with increasing the number of exposure units, n , covered by an insurer. These effects include: the law of large numbers, the roles of capital and underwriting profit loadings, and adverse selection. For a model with known parameters, we find the necessary and sufficient condition for the ruin probability to converge to zero, as well as sufficient conditions for the normal approximation to provide asymptotically accurate comparative statics with respect to n . For a model with parameter-estimation errors, we find that the normal approximation no longer holds in general, and that the necessary and sufficient condition for the ruin probability to approach zero becomes much more restrictive.
F-Centers in BaF2

Results are presented of ESR experiments and optical measurements on F-centers in additively colored SrF2 crystals. The hyperfine interactions between the unpaired electron and the surrounding nuclei are discussed and compared with the results obtained for F-centers in CaF2 and BaF2. Combined results of ESR experiments, optical measurements, and bleaching experiments indicate that the absorption band at 4490 A arises from an electron trapped in an F− vacancy. It appears that there is no correlation between the absorption bands at 4490 and 6350 A. Es werden Ergebnisse von Elektronenspinresonanz- und optischen Absorptionsmessungen an F-Zentren in additiv verfarbten SrF2-Kristallen mitgeteilt. Die Hyperfeinwechselwirkungen zwischen dem ungepaarten Elektron und den benachbarten Kernen werden beschrieben und mit den Ergebnissen fur F-Zentren in CaF2 und BaF2 verglichen. Die Ergebnisse von Elektronenspinresonanz-Messungen zusammen mit optischen Absorptionsmessungen und photochemischen Entfarbungsexperimenten weisen darauf hin, das die 4490 A-Bande von einem in einer F−-Anionlucke eingefangenen Elektron verursacht wird. Offenbar besteht kein Zusammenhang zwischen der 4490 A-Bande und der 6350 A-Bande.
Ecdysone regulation of larval crustacean molting

Abstract 1. 1. The addition of 1.0 and 5.0 μg/ml of β-ecdysone to the culture media of first and fourth stage Rhithropanopeus harrisii zoea accelerated proecdysis. 2. 2. β-ecdysone significantly decreased the duration of the molt cycle in megalopa. 3. 3. The response in the zoeal stages was dose dependent. 4. 4. The results indicate that ecdysone plays a major role in regulation of crustacean larval molting.
Four-dimensional quantum dynamics of the CH3I/MgO photodissociation

Abstract The photodissociation of adsorbed methyl iodide on MgO(001) is investigated using a multi-configuration time-dependent Hartree method. The adsorbate is modeled as a pseudo-diatom initially oriented perpendicular to the surface. The dissociation is restricted in a plane and four Cartesian coordinates are used in the calculation. It is shown that the Hartree-based method provides a tractable solution to the four-dimensional problem which is otherwise difficult to treat with a conventional exact quantum method.
Retinitis following varicella in a vaccinated child with acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Serious ocular disease following varicella (chickenpox) is rare in children. In addition, retinitis in children with hematologic malignancies may present a difficult diagnostic challenge because infectious retinitis may mimic leukemic involvement of the eye. We report a 7-year-old patient with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia in remission who presented with visual complaints 2 weeks after developing chickenpox. Ophthalmologic evaluation revealed acute retinitis in the right eye. Prolonged therapy with acyclovir resulted in near complete recovery. Early diagnosis of VZV retinopathy and aggressive antiviral treatment is critical to prevent acute and long-term ocular sequelae.
Lead isotopes in manganese nodules

Abstract The isotopic compositions of leads which were isolated from manganese nodules of the Atlantic and the Pacific Oceans were determined. The Atlantic leads were more radiogenic than those of the Pacific. The Pacific samples showed a trend of increasing radiogenic leads from the north-west toward the south-east Pacific. The relationship between the collecting sites and the isotopic compositions of leads can be used to trace the circulation patterns of deep-water masses. The oceanic leads originated from rock systems whose uranium and lead contents have differentiated at various times appreciably later than 4·5 × 109 years.
Rewriting XPath queries using materialized XPath views

Let XP(/,//,[]) be the fragment of XPath 1.0, consisting of queries that involve only the child and descendant axes, and predicates without disjunction or negation (and no wildcard nodetests); these queries can be represented as tree patterns. We consider the problem of rewriting a query Q using a materialized view V, where Q,V@?XP(/,//,[]). We present more efficient algorithms for the following: (1) Determine if an equivalent rewriting of Q using V exists; find the smallest such rewriting, when it exists. A previously-known algorithm runs in O(|Q|^2+|Q||V|) time. For the special case when Q is known to be minimal, we present an O(|Q||V|) algorithm. (2) Determine if a (nonempty) contained rewriting of Q using V exists. We present an O(|Q||V|) algorithm, compared to the previous O(|Q||V|^2) algorithm. We also present a more efficient algorithm for finding a maximal such rewriting, when it exists. Then we extend this result to a subset of XP(/,//,[],@?) that allows restricted occurrences of wildcard nodetests.
Overcoming the Range Limitation of Medium-Duty Battery Electric Vehicles through the use of Hydrogen Fuel-Cells

Battery electric vehicles possess great potential for decreasing lifecycle costs in medium-duty applications, a market segment currently dominated by internal combustion technology. Characterized by frequent repetition of similar routes and daily return to a central depot, medium-duty vocations are well positioned to leverage the low operating costs of battery electric vehicles. Unfortunately, the range limitation of commercially available battery electric vehicles acts as a barrier to widespread adoption. This paper describes the National Renewable Energy Laboratory's collaboration with the U.S. Department of Energy and industry partners to analyze the use of small hydrogen fuel-cell stacks to extend the range of battery electric vehicles as a means of improving utility, and presumably, increasing market adoption. This analysis employs real-world vocational data and near-term economic assumptions to (1) identify optimal component configurations for minimizing lifecycle costs, (2) benchmark economic performance relative to both battery electric and conventional powertrains, and (3) understand how the optimal design and its competitiveness change with respect to duty cycle and economic climate. It is found that small fuel-cell power units provide extended range at significantly lower capital and lifecycle costs than additional battery capacity alone. And while fuel-cell range-extended vehicles are not deemed economically competitive with conventional vehicles given present-day economic conditions, this paper identifies potential future scenarios where cost equivalency is achieved.
C-terminal sequence of the NF-κB p50 precursor from primary murine B-lymphocytes

Abstract We report a DNA sequence encoding the nuclear factor NF-κB p50 precursor from primary murine B-lymphocytes that differs from that previously published for the murine 22D6 B-cell line. The variation is located in one of the ankyrinlike repeats at the C terminus of the molecule.
Electrochemical Hydrogen Sensor for Safety Monitoring

Abstract A hydrogen safety sensor is presented, which provides high sensitivity and fast response when operated in air. The target application for the sensor is external deployment near systems using or producing high concentrations of hydrogen. The sensor is composed of a catalytically active metal-oxide sensing electrode and a noble metal reference electrode attached to an yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) electrolyte. The sensing approach is based on the difference in oxidation rate of hydrogen on the different electrode materials. Results will be presented for a sensor using a sensing electrode of tin-doped indium oxide (ITO). Response to H 2 and cross-sensitivity to hydrocarbon and H 2 O are discussed.
Focus on the future, not the north

The U.S.‐ROK alliance is slowly but steadily approaching a pivotal reassessment. It is time to stop thinking about the alliance in ad hoc terms and start creating the vision for the future U.S. presence in Northeast Asia generally and in Korea specifically.
When Talking Won't Work: Implementing Experiential Group Activities With Addicted Clients

Traditional talk therapy, particularly cognitive behavioral techniques, are often ineffective when working with addicted clients for many reasons. By tapping into the power of the group modality, experiential activities can serve as a powerful facilitator of insight and behavior change. The authors provide a brief review of the literature followed by the presentation of three effective exercises for groups of addicted clients.
Lobe cell convection and polar cap precipitation

[1] The characteristic electric and magnetic field signature of lobe cells as observed by the low-altitude FAST satellite in 55 dawn-dusk passes are compared with Polar ultraviolet images of polar cap auroral activity. Initial results from 34 events of UV image coverage suggest that there is an intimate coupling between the sunward convection flow of the lobe cell and transpolar auroral arcs or diffuse polar cap precipitation in ∼62% of these cases. However, in some cases where the field signatures are suggestive of lobe cell convection, there is no detectable particle precipitation either in Polar UVI or the FAST data sets. Moreover, the presence of lobe cells coincide with UV data intensifications in the premidnight 2000–2400 MLT sector and/or the postnoon 1500 MLT region in ∼59% of all cases with UVI coverage. The magnetic local time dependence of the lobe cells and polar cap precipitation on the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) are examined using the upstream Wind monitor. The relative importance of the IMF By and Bz components are investigated and compared with the predictions of the antiparallel merging model and strongly suggests a connection with the magnetospheric sash, as is further implied by the mapping of magnetic field lines using the Tsyganenko [2002] (T01) model. It was also noted that a majority of lobe cell events occurred during enhanced AE index substorm-like conditions and that generally stronger AE indices are measured for stronger IMF By magnitudes during these events.
Konti-Skan HVDC refurbishment and life extension methods for other HVDC projects

The paper describes the project to refurbish the Konti-Skan HVDC Link between Sweden and Denmark, which included the replacement of the existing Pole 1, and the addition of top level bipole controls for both the refurbished Pole 1 and the existing Pole 2. The complex project included working in 2 different countries with 2 different client utilities, each requiring different scopes and with 2 contracts each with their own currencies. The project scope included up-rating the converters to match the already upgraded DC line and cable conductor circuit. The paper covers the drivers which prompted the need for refurbishment and how it was justified, and then present the details of the project implementation and the in-service performance. The paper also briefly covers previously completed refurbishment and upgrade work on other HVDC projects around the world and known plans to refurbish, replace or even relocate presently operating HVDC projects.
An interpretation of gaseous diffusion through polymers using fluctuation theory

An amorphous polymer is visualized as an ensemble of N independent, n-center polymer segments. An ergodic hypothesis and a canonical ensemble are utilized in determining the probability of a given volume fluetuation within the polymer. The thermal energy change associated with a given volume fluctuation is calculated and related to the activation energy for gaseous diffusion. Polymer segment lengths were in the range of 6–20 A. and appeared to decrease with increasing temperature in the case of natural rubber. The results were interpreted to show that the activation energy for gaseous diffusion in rubbery polymers went into the breaking of cohesive bonds between parallel polymer segments while in glassy polymers it went into both the breaking of cohesive bonds and the compressing of the surrounding segments. It is felt that it may be possible to relate gaseous diffusion, self-diffusion, and viscous flow to the thermodynamic and molecular properties of an amorphous polymer.
Augmentation of sulfate ion absorption from the rat lung by heavy metals.

The effect of heavy metal cations in enhancing the absorption of sulfate ions from the airways of the rat lung was studied. The cations investigated included Cd 2+ , Co 2+ , Hg 2+ , Ni 2+ , Fe 3+ , Mn 2+ , and Zn 2+ . The cations exhibited differing efficacies. Co 2+ , Hg 2+ , Cd 2+ , and Ni 2+ produced maximal effect at 0.1 nmol/lung, while Fe 3+ and Zn 2+ were the least effective, reaching maximal effect at 10.0 nmol/lung. An exception was Mn 2+ , which did not alter absorption. Hydrogen ion concentrations departing from physiological pH values (4.4–9.4) enhanced sulfate ion absorption. Exposure of rats to a NiCl 2 aerosol of 480 μg of Ni/m 3 for 2 hr prior to the determination of sulfate ion absorption led to a 12.0 ± 2.7% enhancement of absorption. These results suggest a possible correlation between the irritant potential associated with inhalation of a specific sulfate salt and the rate at which sulfate ions are absorbed from the lung.
The interaction of field theory, family systems theory, and children's rights

Abstract Field theory is interactional; it asserts that genetic predispositions, acquired characteristics, uniqueness, and behaviors of the individual have an impact upon and are affected by events and people in the environment. Nowhere can this be seen more clearly than in the development of children who join a family rather than being born into it. The resulting complexities can often be seen in the offices of family therapists and in courts of law.
Concurrent Pneumococcal Disease in Two Siblings

Pneumococcal infections generally occur sporadically. 1 Household contacts of a patient with pneumococcal disease are considered to be at no risk of acquiring secondary infection. This is a report of two siblings who had invasive pneumococcal disease two days apart. Report of Cases .—Case1.—A 4-year-old black girl was admitted to an outlying hospital with a history of persistent fever for three days. On the day of admission she complained of a headache and had a brief generalized seizure. Physical examination on admission showed a lethargic, disoriented child. Her temperature was 40.3 °C; BP, 90/68 mm Hg; apical heart rate, 104 beats per minute; and respirations, 40/min. Her neck was stiff and her deep-tendon reflexes were depressed. Laboratory data disclosed a hemoglobin level of 9.8 mg/dL and a WBC count of 17,000/cu mm, with 29% polymorphonuclear leukocytes, 61% band forms, 8% lymphocytes, and 2% monocytes. Hemoglobin electrophoresis showed heterozygous
Marking a ‘noticing of departure’ in talk: Eh-prefaced turns in Japanese conversation

Abstract Using the methodology of conversation analysis, this study explores the meaning of “eh”, a nonlexical response token in Japanese, by examining its deployment in a range of sequential and activity contexts. Evidence from participants’ orientation displayed in these diverse contexts indicates that “eh” is used by its producer to propose a noticing of something in the talk that departs from his/her pre-existing knowledge, supposition, expectation, or orientation. The specific sense of this generic noticing of departure proposal by “eh” is particularized by reference to a number of contextual aspects of its deployment, including the types of sequences in which it occurs, its placement within such sequences, the types of turn-constructional formats in which it is employed, and its prosodic features. To demonstrate this, the study examines three types of turns prefaced with “eh” produced in three different sequential environments: (i) “eh”-prefaced questions after informings; (ii) “eh”-prefaced responses to assessments; and (iii) “eh”-prefaced responses to inquiry. Analysis of the situated workings of “eh” in these contexts shows that the contextually based variability of the specific sense of the generic meaning of “eh” allows for the accomplishment of a diverse range of social actions in ways attuned to the contingencies of interactional contexts.
The Effect of Food on the Colour of Moths

IN a very interesting paper published in the Journal of Economic Biology (1905, No. 1), Mr. W. E. Collinge describes and figures a remarkable series of specimens of the magpie moth (Abraxas grossulariata, Linn.), obtained as the result of raising the larvae on lettuce, the ordinary food being currant. The specimens all differed from the type in the direction of great loss of markings, the most extreme one representing the aberration known as dohrni or deleta. The same sort of effect has been produced on the tiger moth by G. Koch, as a result of feeding the larvae on lettuce; and a good account of various experiments of the same kind is given by Dr. Vernon on pp. 288–9 of his work on “Variations in Animals and Plants” (1903).
High-Pressure Study of the First-Order Phase Transition in MnAs

The first-order magnetic-transition temperature in MnAs has been measured as a function of both increasing and decreasing pressure. A critical pressure ${P}_{c}\ensuremath{\sim}4.6$ kbar has been obtained for the range of stability of the hexagonal phase. The pressure hysteresis increases with decreasing temperatures. Cooling to 77\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K under 5 kbar and then releasing pressure gives the $B31$ phase at atmospheric pressure, and it remains stable on heating to 138\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K, where there is an increase of magnetization of over a factor of 50. These data, together with earlier magnetic measurements on the system $\mathrm{Mn}{\mathrm{As}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{P}}_{x}$, demonstrate that the origin of the first-order phase transition is a large exchange striction in the basal planes plus a volume-dependent Weiss molecular field and manganese moment. This volume dependence is due to electron rearrangements associated with a high-spin-to-low-spin transition. The sharpness of the high-spin-to-low-spin transition cannot be accounted for by variations in crystal-field splitting with volume. It is suggested that a bandwidth is increasing with decreasing volume through the maximum bandwidth for spontaneous band ferromagnetism. The critical band appears to consist of ${t}_{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}$ orbitals, which are primarily influenced by the Mn-Mn interactions within basal planes.
Substrate specificity of the autocatalytic protein that primes glycogen synthesis

The autocatalytic protein that primes muscle-glycogen synthesis, and which glucosylates itself from UDPglucose, is inhibited by maltose. Investigation of the reason for the inhibition led to the finding that the protein will glucosylate substrates other than itself. p-Nitrophenyl αglucoside, αmaltoside, αmaltotrioside and αmaltotetraoside each inhibit self-glucosylation of the protein by acting as alternative acceptor substrates. The αmaltoside is the best acceptor. The αmaltohexaoside did not act as an acceptor but was an effective inhibitor. These findings help to explain the self-limiting nature of the autocatalytic extension of the maltosaccharide chain of the protein and suggest that protein self-glucosylation may be an intennolecular event. They may also point to the mechanism by which the autocatalytic protein is initially glycosylated.
Does Analgesic Overuse Contribute to Chronic Post-traumatic Headaches in Adolescent Concussion Patients?

Abstract Background The causes of persistent headache following concussion are poorly understood. The objective of this study is to explore analgesic overuse as a potential cause of chronic post-traumatic headache among adolescents referred to a headache clinic following concussion. Methods A retrospective chart review was conducted of all adolescent concussion patients referred to our pediatric headache clinic over the 16-month period between August 1, 2011, and November 30, 2012. Those patients with chronic post-traumatic headaches of 3-12 months' duration who also met International Headache Society criteria for probable medication-overuse headache were identified. Demographic data, concussion symptoms, and headache features were characterized from the initial evaluation and from follow-up visits. Results Of 104 adolescent concussion patients referred during the study period, 77 had chronic post-traumatic headache of 3-12 months' duration. Fifty-four of 77 (70.1%) met criteria for probable medication-overuse headache. Only simple analgesics were overused. Thirty-seven patients (68.5%) had resolution of headaches or improvements to preconcussion headache patterns after discontinuing analgesics; seven (13%) had no change in headaches or worsening of headaches after discontinuing analgesics and 10 (18.5%) did not discontinue analgesics or were lost to follow-up. Conclusion Excessive use of analgesics postconcussion may contribute to chronic post-traumatic headaches in some adolescents. Management of patients with chronic post-traumatic headache should include analgesic detoxification when medication overuse is suspected.
Impact of a Modular Play Unit on Staff Behavior

Severely and profoundly retarded children were provided with access to a modular play unit (PUSH) that contained six different response-activated devices. During these access periods, staff tended to interact with the children more frequently. In addition, the character of the staff-to-client interactions shifted from Neutral/Instructional to Positive. Results were replicated on two different sides of a residential living unit.
Acute consumption of a high-fat diet prior to ischemia-reperfusion results in cardioprotection through NF-κB-dependent regulation of autophagic pathways

Previous studies have demonstrated improvement of cardiac function occurs with acute consumption of a high-fat diet (HFD) after myocardial infarction (MI). However, no data exist addressing the effects of acute HFD upon the extent of injury after MI. This study investigates the hypothesis that short-term HFD, prior to infarction, protects the heart against ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury through NF-κB-dependent regulation of cell death pathways in the heart. Data show that an acute HFD initiates cardioprotection against MI (>50% reduction in infarct size normalized to risk region) after 24 h to 2 wk of HFD, but protection is completely absent after 6 wk of HFD, when mice are reported to develop pathophysiology related to the diet. Furthermore, cardioprotection after 24 h of HFD persists after an additional 24 h of normal chow feeding and was found to be dependent upon NF-κB activation in cardiomyocytes. This study also indicates that short-term HFD activates autophagic processes (beclin-1, LC-3) preischemia, as seen in other protective stimuli. Increases in beclin-1 and LC-3 were found to be NF-κB-dependent, and administration of chloroquine, an inhibitor of autophagy, abrogated cardioprotection. Our results support that acute high-fat feeding mediates cardioprotection against I/R injury associated with a NF-κB-dependent increase in autophagy and reduced apoptosis, as has been found for ischemic preconditioning.
International life safety and egress seminar, Maryland, November, 1981: Summary of presentations and discussion

Highlights are given of forty presentations and the concluding general discussion at the International Life Safety and Egress Seminar held November 23 and 24, 1981, at the University of Maryland. The seminar provided a timely opportunity for research peers, educators, designers, consultants, and standards writers to discuss egress and life safety. Participants, numbering over fifty, came chiefly from the United States, but Australia, Britain, Canada, Japan, Sweden, and New Zealand were also represented.
Users, a software usability model and product evaluation

Abstract The paper advances an amalgamated model of software usability in conjunction with a method for improving the usability of commercial software products. The model organises the substantial amount of prior research on software usability into seven basic principles, their underlying attributes, and associated relative weights. This model of software usability for human-computer interaction has two primary goals: first, to allow software designers to make quantitative decisions about which usability attributes should be included in a design; and second, to provide a usability metric by which software designs can be consistently rated and compared. The paper focuses on the second goal. Since it is ultimately the users of a software system who decide its usability, the method proposed suggests that the users be made an integral part of the software design and development process. It recommends that the users of current and future software products be asked, through questionnaires, how well a product meets the principles and underlying attributes of usability as defined by the model. Only if the ultimate users of a product are pleased is a product likely to succeed. The paper reviews the model and its evaluation. It then illustrates the method by describing its use in evaluting a particular wordprocessing product, WordPerfect. In that evaluation, 988 questionnaires were sent to users of the product.
Clinical trials attitudes and practices of Latino physicians.

Abstract Background Ethnic differences in physicians' attitudes and behaviors related to clinical trials might partially account for disparities in clinical trial participation among Latino patients. Literature regarding Latino physicians' clinical trials attitudes and practices, in comparison to White physicians, was lacking. Methods Cross-sectional data from randomly selected physicians ( N = 695), stratified by ethnicity, were analyzed to test associations of ethnicity with physicians' participation in and attitudes toward referral of patients to clinical trials. Results Chi-square analyses showed significant ( p p Conclusions Latino physicians were significantly less involved in clinical trials than White physicians and found less scientific value in them, highlighting areas for future education and intervention.
Goal Tensions and Recall: I

(1938). Goal Tensions and Recall: I. The Journal of General Psychology: Vol. 19, No. 1, pp. 3-35.
Modeling of asphaltene and other heavy organic depositions

Abstract Well-head production of petroleum can be significantly affected by flocculation, deposition, and plugging of asphaltene, paraffin/wax, and/or diamondoid inside the well. The economic implications of such a formation damage are tremendous. In this paper a comprehensive mechanism and predictive model for such compounds in oil wells is presented. This model is based on the macromolecular theory of polydisperse polymer and colloidal solutions, kinetics of aggregation, electrokinetic transport phenomena, and phase behavior of multicomponent mixtures. One question of interest in the oil industry is “when” and “how much” heavy organics will flocculate out under certain conditions. Since a petroleum crude generally consists of a mixture of light and heavy hydrocarbons and heavy organics it may be necessary to look at this problem from a more fundamental point of view than it has been the practice in the past. In this paper the author presents the cause-and-effect mechanisms of such depositions and introduces mathematical models to be used for preventive measures in various cases of petroleum production, transportation, and processing. With the application of the proposed model a number of predictive case studies are made. It is shown that with proper planning in the production scheme, consideration of the characteristics of the producing petroleum, injection fluid, well casing, and the reservoir it is possible to choose a formation-damage-free production scheme.
Determination of shear‐wave velocities from crosshole measurements in low‐velocity formations

An important goal of cross-hole seismic surveys is to obtain both compressional and shear wave velocity distributions between the holes. Shear waves are generally observed in high velocity formations. When formation shear velocity is less than about 4500 ft/sec, shear wave amplitudes are generally small. In this situation, if the source borehole is cased and the source has the capacity to generate tube waves, then a “Mach” wave phenomenon occurs. The tube wave propagating with super shear velocity radiates conical or “Mach” waves that obliterate the shear waves. This paper provides the theoretical background, synthetic seismograms and suggests methods for determining the formation shear wave velocities in the presence of Mach waves.
The attributional theory of achievement motivation: Cross-cultural considerations

Abstract Based on data collected from the Navajo Indian and other comparative investigations, limitations in previous cross-cultural attributional analyses of achievement motivation are proposed. First, it is suggested that the present comparative attribution literature is characterized by several conceptual perspectives which may be ethnocentric in nature, namely (a) the definitions of success and failure assumed, (b) the causal elements which are imposed, and (c) the tendency to classify causal attributions within bi-polar taxonomic dimensions which may not be meaningful to the culture of interest. Research directions for future cross-cultural attribution work which should assist the comparative investigator in overcoming these conceptual limitations are provided. Second, it is argued that the attributional theory of achievement motivation has several epistemological assumptions inherent within it concerning perspectives of time, individualism, and the nature of causation. These assumptions might lay the basis for a theory which reflects a culturally-specific cognitive process. Further research on the nature and frequency of the attributional process among diverse cultures is advocated.
Acquisition of a simple operant by pigeons, rats, and monkeys without experimenter assistance

Naive monkeys, pigeons, and rats were given the opportunity to acquire a simple operant without experimenter assistance. The monkeys and pigeons were rewarded with food on a continuous reinforcement schedule for either pressing a lever or pecking a lighted or dark response key. All monkeys acquired the response rapidly, one pigeon keypecked at the lighted key, and only one more keypecked when the key was flashed on and off. When an autoshaping procedure was introduced, three of the remaining four birds acquired keypecking. The rats were presented with several situations: (l)each leverpress turned on a light; (2) each leverpress produced food, and free food was intermittently concurrently presented; (3) each leverpress produced a mild electric shock; (4) each leverpress produced a B-B. Leverpressing was rapidly acquired in the first two conditions but was not acquired in the last two conditions.
Dehydroepiandrosterone: a springboard hormone for female sexuality.

Abstract Objective: To determine the role of adrenal androgenic hormone precursors in female sexual function. Design: A review of current literature on sexual function and the androgen precursor hormone dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS). Result(s): The C 19 steroid DHEA is both an ovarian and adrenal androgen precursor hormone, whereas DHEAS is only synthesized in the adrenal cortex. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate secretion begins at age 10, peaks at age 20, and then wanes. Low DHEAS levels occur in men and women with adrenal insufficiency and in the elderly. Dehydroepiandrosterone, 50 mg/d, increases DHEAS levels. In women but not men, the increased DHEAS levels facilitate additional production of downstream androgens, testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, androstenedione, and androstenediol glucuronide. With the improved female androgenic profile women with adrenal insufficiency have increased sexual thoughts and fantasies as well as an enhancement in mood and well-being. In the elderly >age 65 — DHEAS levels increase in both men and women with DHEA 50 mg/d but only in women were the higher DHEAS levels accompanied by a surge in testosterone levels and in women >age 70 increased libido and enhanced sexual satisfaction as well as a 26% diminution in bone resorption, and a 10% decrease in skin pigmentation. Conclusion(s): The female adrenal androgen deficiency syndrome, characterized low serum DHEAS levels may be corrected by DHEA supplements that increase levels of DHEAS and downstream androgens of importance to female sexuality.
Can bedside bladder ultrasound reduce the need for repeated urethral catheterization in infants

Can bedside bladder ultrasound reduce the need for repeated urethral catheterization in infants?