cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Carbon dioxide as a potential fumigant for termite control

Formosan subterranean termites, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki, were exposed to ⩾ 95% or 50% carbon dioxide atmospheres for intervals of 24-120 h at 26(±3)°C. A 24-h exposure to ⩾ 95% carbon dioxide caused significant termite mortality, but 60 h were required for complete mortality. Exposure to 50% carbon dioxide for 60 h resulted in approximately 70% termite mortality, while complete mortality was recorded after 120 h. When termites were sealed in wooden blocks (90 × 90 × 152 mm), 72-96 h exposure to ⩾ 95% carbon dioxide was necessary for complete control. A limited study with Cryptotermes brevis (Walker) suggested that this drywood termite is also susceptible to carbon dioxide fumigation, although slightly longer exposures may be required than with C. formosanus. Carbon dioxide-modified atmospheres are a viable alternative to conventional fumigants for vault fumigation of termite-infested materials, and may also be applicable to larger-scale fumigations to control structural pests.
Large dicliques in a directed inhomogeneous random graph

Our main interest in this paper is the large dicliques in a directed inhomogeneous random graph model G n ,α, Φ on n vertices, which has power-law out/in-degree distributions with scaling exponent α>0 and community structures involved in the homophyly matrix Φ. We show that there is a major difference in the size of the largest diclique ω d G n ,α, Φ between the case α 2 with an intermediate result for α=2. In addition, we show that a simple algorithm with high probability finds a large diclique of size ω d G n ,α, Φ in a polynomial time. Our simulation results reveal that the connections between different subcommunities are essential for the formation of large clusters in the networks.
Is BMR repeatable in deer mice? Organ mass correlates and the effects of cold acclimation and natal altitude.

Basal metabolic rate (BMR) is probably the most studied aspect of energy metabolism in vertebrate endotherms. Numerous papers have explored its mass allometry, phylogenetic and ecological relationships, and ontogeny. Implicit in many of these studies (and explicit in some) is the view that BMR responds to selection, which requires repeatability and heritability. However, BMR is highly plastic in response to numerous behavioral and environmental factors and there are surprisingly few data on its repeatability. Moreover, the mechanistic underpinnings of variation in BMR are unclear, despite considerable research. We studied BMR repeatability in deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) across intervals of 30–60 days, and also examined the influence of birth altitude (3,800 m versus 340 m) and temperature acclimation (to ∼5 or ∼20°C) on BMR, and the relationship between BMR and organ size. Neither acclimation temperature nor natal altitude alone influenced BMR, but the combination of birth at high altitude and cold acclimation significantly increased BMR. Few visceral organ masses were correlated to BMR and most were inconsistent across natal altitudes and acclimation temperatures, indicating that no single organ ‘controls’ variation in BMR. In several treatment groups, the mass of the ‘running motor’ (combined musculoskeletal mass) was negatively correlated to BMR and the summed mass of visceral organs was positively correlated to BMR. We found no repeatability of BMR in any treatment group. That finding—in sharp contrast to high repeatability of BMR in several other small endotherms—suggests little potential for direct selection to drive BMR evolution in deer mice.
Aortic Debridement-Long-term Follow-up

The clinical and hemodynamic data available in the five-to eight-year follow-up of 45 patients who underwent aortic debridement for aortic stenosis are presented. Eight patients (18%) remain in follow-up (average duration 6.4 years) with excellent clinical results. Twenty-seven (60%) of these patients have undergone a second operative procedure for correction of aortic stenosis, having achieved an average of 4.3 years of palliation prior to the second operative procedure. Including the operative deaths occurring with the second procedure and the subsequent follow-up of these patients, 29 patients are alive with average follow-up period of 5.7 years. Two of these deaths were not due to cardiovascular disease. Substantial residual aortic gradients were compatible with excellent periods of palliation, provided a reduction of the gradient for the particular patient was achieved. We feel that operative debridement for aortic stenosis, when technically feasible, is a realistic approach to this disease state. Although reoperation may eventually be necessary in the course of the patient9s disease, a significant period of palliation with limited morbidity is gained by the patient.
SPLIT-COURSE VERSUS CONTINUOUS-COURSE IRRADIATION IN THE POSTOPERATIVE SETTING FOR SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA OF THE HEAD AND NECK

There is very little published information comparing split-course and continuous-course irradiation in the adjuvant setting. To evaluate this issue, a retrospective analysis was performed of 161 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck who received split-course (27 patients) or continuous-course (134 patients) irradiation following radical surgical resection. At 5 years, the actuarial rate of disease control above the clavicles for continuous-course irradiation was 80% versus 44% for split course (p = .002). Stratification of patients by primary site, surgical margin, AJCC stage, and tumor dose revealed a statistically significant (p less than or equal to .05) advantage in most of the subgroups for patients treated with continuous-course irradiation. The overall and cause-specific survival rates were also much better for patients treated with continuous-course irradiation, and the difference was highly statistically significant (overall 5-year survival, continuous course, 33%; split course, 15% [p = .005]; cause-specific 5-year survival, continuous course, 57%; split course, 37% [p less than .001]). A stepwise multivariate analysis confirmed that the type of irradiation course (continuous vs. split) was an independent prognostic variable of statistical significance for both control of disease above the clavicles and death with cancer present, with the split-course patients having worse results in both categories. The incidence of acute intolerance (4%) and late complications (7%) was the same in both the split- and continuous-course groups. As has previously been reported from this institution for patients treated with irradiation alone, these results demonstrate that in the postoperative setting, split-course irradiation yields lower local-regional control and survival rates compared with continuous-course therapy with no difference in the rate of severe complications. It is therefore recommended that split-course irradiation as used in this series be avoided whenever possible in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck.
XML research midflight

XML emerged 10 years ago as the flexible standard for information exchange and representation. The database research community had presciently already produced related works on semi-structured data models and proceeded to generate multiple research contributions in the field, influencing along the way standards and industrial products. Since then much of the XML future has arrived: complex standards (notably XQuery) emerged, first industrial systems have been released. Naturally XML research changes gears. We will discuss successes, failures, open issues and provide thoughts on what is needed to make XML research even more effective.
Tocopherols in breeding lines and effects of planting location, fatty acid composition, and temperature during development

As the use of tocopherols as natural antioxidants increases, it is economically and agronomically important to determine the range, composition, and factors that affect their levels in oilseed crops, a major commercial source. In this study, tocopherols were quantified from seeds of wheat, sunflower, canola, and soybean. The breeding lines analyzed possessed a broad range of economically important phenotypic traits such as disease or herbicide resistance, improved yield and agronomic characteristics, and altered storage oil fatty acid composition. Complete separation of all four native tocopherols was achieved using normal-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. Total tocopherol concentration among wheat germ oil samples ranged from 1947 to 4082 µg g−1. Total tocopherol concentration ranges varied from 534 to 1858 µg g−1 in sunflower, 504 to 687 µg g−1 in canola, and 1205 to 2195 µg g−1 among the soybean oils surveyed. Although the composition of tocopherols varied substantially among crops, composition was stable within each crop. Total tocopherol concentration and the percentage linolenic acid were correlated positively in soybean oils with modified and unmodified fatty acid compositions. Tocopherol concentration and degree of unsaturation were not correlated in sunflower or canola seeds with genetically altered fatty acid composition. These findings suggest that breeding for altered storage oil fatty acid composition did not negatively impact tocopherol concentrations in sunflower and canola as they apparently did in soybeans. When 12 soybean breeding lines were grown at each of five locations, significant correlations were observed among planting location, breeding line, tocopherol concentration, and fatty acid composition. Analysis of seeds that matured under three different controlled temperature regimes suggests that the relationship between tocopherol concentration level and unsaturated fatty acids in commodity (not genetically modified for fatty acid composition) oil types is due to temperature effects on the biosynthesis of both compounds.
Comparing the Validity of Turnover Predictors in the United States and Mexico

This article compared the relative validity of traditional predictors of turnover intentions using samples from the USA and Mexico. Matched samples of retail grocery store employees (USA: N = 187; Mexico: N = 150) completed questionnaires that reported perceptions of inter-role conflict, positive affect, job satisfaction, perceived ease of movement and turnover intentions. Results indicate that job satisfaction and perceived ease of movement predicted turnover intentions in both the USA and Mexico. However, job satisfaction and perceived ease of movement were stronger predictors of turnover intentions in the USA. Unexpectedly, work-family and work-personal conflict did not predict turnover intentions in either sample.
Pulsed Ho:YAG laser meniscectomy: effect of pulsewidth on tissue penetration rate and lateral thermal damage.

Background and Objective: Studies need to define the optimal parameters under which the holmium laser should operate for arthroscopic meniscectomy. This study was designed to analyze the effect of various Holmium wavelength pulsewidths on human meniscal tissue penetration rates and lateral thermal injury. Study Design/Materials and Methods: Using a pulsed Holmium: YAG laser at a wavelength of 2.1μm, the effect of various pulsewidths on tissue penetration rates as well as the degree of accompanying thermal damage in human meniscal tissue was evaluated in a specially designed jig. Holding the energy constant at 500 mJ per pulse, the pulsewidth was varied between 100 and 600 microseconds. Results: Fiber penetration of meniscal tissue was found to be fastest at a pulsewidth of 250 microseconds. As the pulsewidth was increased or decreased around this number, the observed penetration time decreased, although no statistical difference was found. The size of the hole created was inversely related to the penetration time. Microscopic examination revealed zones of lateral thermal effect extending 800 μm from the ablation site. Conclusion: No relationship between the pulsewidth and the lateral thermal effect could be found. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Pesticide uptake into membranes measured by fluorescence quenching

Pesticides that contain chlorine have been shown to quench the fluorescence of carbazole-labeled phospholipids. Incorporation of these carbazole-labeled phospholipds into model membranes provides a system that allows the rapid determination of the uptake rates of chlorinated hydrocarbons into model membranes. This technique can be used in the determination of diffusion rates and partition coefficients of chlorine-containing organic compounds in model membrane systems, and hence may provide a method by which the bioaccumulation potential of synthetic chlorine-containing compounds can be estimated.
Stress related anisotropy studies in DC-magnetron sputtered TbCo and TbFe films

A series of TbCo films and a series of TbFe films were prepared at different deposition powers and Ar sputtering pressures. It was found that anisotropy decreased with an increase of deposition power. Anisotropy also showed a peak within the range of 2.5 to 11.5 mtorr of Ar sputtering pressures. The perpendicular magnetic anisotropies (K/sub u/) of films still attached to their substrates and films removed from their substrates were compared. The percentage change in K/sub u/ which occurred when the film was removed from its substrate was correlated with the rise and fall of perpendicular anisotropy, although changes were also typically large at 2.5 mtorr of Ar sputtering pressure. Changes in K/sub u/ after removal from the substrate were as large as 46% in TbFe films deposited at 2.5 mtorr of Ar sputtering pressure. Larger percentage changes in K/sub u/ were found in DC-magnetron sputtered films than had been reported previously for RF-sputtered TbFe and TbCo films. The films deposited on thick polycarbonate substrates had the largest anisotropy and also suffered the largest percentage change in anisotropy when removed from the substrate. >
Kinetic formation of J/ψ at RHIC

Centrality dependence of J/ψ production in Au–Au collisions at is studied using the Glauber model plus the kinetic formation model. Initial J/ψ production and destruction by incoming nucleons are described by the Glauber model. J/ψ-charm equilibration in the gluon plasma is described by the kinetic formation model. We explore the possibility of J/ψ suppression suggested by the recent PHENIX data. We show that the J/ψ yield monotonically decreases with increasing centrality in the kinetic formation model when the charm mass is smaller than a critical mass. The final J/ψ yield is between the value after the Glauber suppression and the dynamical equilibrium value. This underscores the importance of both J/ψ production from d–Au collisions, which is essential in determining the Glauber suppression, and high-statistics Au–Au data, which can further constrain final-state J/ψ-charm equilibration.
ON THE DERIVATION OF ASYMPTOTIC EXPANSIONS OF EXPONENTIAL INTEGRALS, WITH APPLICATIONS TO COULOMB EXCITATION FUNCTIONS

The Coulomb excitation process has received considerable attention recently. The electric (and magnetic) interaction between the projectile and the target nucleus can be decomposed into multipole components, and the semiclassical treatment of this process was found to iead to very accurate results. The excitation probability of the various multipole transitions is calculated by first order time-dependent perturbation theory, with the relevant matrix elements appearing as path integrals along the hyperbolic orbit of the projectile in the Coulomb field of the target nucleus. A second integration over all possible impact parameters (or equivalently over all possible orbital eccentricities) then yields the excitation probability. It is only in the electric dipole (E1) case that these integrations can be performed analytically. (auth)
Security Policy Enforcement in Modern SoC Designs

Modern SoC designs contain a large number of sensitive assets that must be protected from unauthorized access. Authentication mechanisms which control the access to such assets are governed by complex security policies. The security policies affect multiple design blocks and may involve subtle interactions among hardware, firmware, OS kernel, and applications. The implementation of security policies in an SoC design, often referred to as its security architecture, is a subtle composition of coordinating design modules distributed across the different IPs. Toward this direction, this paper gives an overview of SoC security architectures in modern SoC designs and provides a glimpse of their implementation, as well as their design complexities and functional shortcomings. Design of security architectures involves a complex interplay of requirements from functionality, power, security, and validation. We also outline some of the research needs in the area for developing robust, trustworthy SoC designs.
Construction doublebreasted operations and pre-hire agreements: Assessing the issues

Labor relations in the construction industry are conducted under a legal framework that is both different and more favorable to unions than is that in industry generally. Thus, construction employers are more subject to challenge than those in other industries if they operate both union and nonunion subsidiaries; construction unions, but not those in most other industries, may enter into agreements before anyone is hired (“pre-hire agreements”), require employees to join unions after ten days of employment instead of thirty, and require the contractor to notify them of job openings. Despite these advantages, construction unions represented only 22.2 percent of all construction workers in 1987, down from 40.1 percent in 1973, while nonunion, or “open shop,” construction accounted for more than 70 percent of the construction dollar volume as early as 1984. Attempting to overcome these trends, the construction unions have sponsored legislation in the current and last two congresses which would outlaw “doublebreasting,” i.e., one company owning both unionized and open shop subsidiaries, eliminate any restrictions on pre-hire agreements, and have the effect of forcing thousands of construction workers into unions regardless of their wishes. This article examines the reasons for the decline of construction unionism, analyzes the proposed legislation, discusses its probable impact, and concludes that it is lacking in justification for the common good.
Labelling of the catalytic site of lysozyme.

Abstract A method for direct measurements of the binding of N-acetyl glucosamine polymers to the catalytic site of lysozyme is described. The method utilizes the dye Biebrich scarlet for which the enzyme has a single binding site with a dissociation constant of 0.3 mM. The data indicate that the trimer and hexamer of N-acetyl glucosamine do not displace the dye from the unproductive binding site of lysozyme to which they both bind with a dissociation constant of about 10 μM. The two sugars competitively displace the dye from the catalytic site of the enzyme, allowing one to differentiate between productive and unproductive binding of these two substrates. Spectrophotometric determinations of the concentrations of the enzyme-dye complex in the presence of various concentrations of substrate gave productive binding dissociation constants for the trimer and hexamer of 20 mM and 5 μM respectively.
Modeling P-band SAR returns from a red pine stand

Abstract Bright P-band synthetic aperture radar (SAR) returns from red pine forests were observed on SAR images taken in the area of Bangor, Maine. A plot of red pine trees in the University of Maine research forest was selected for the characterization and modeling. The purpose of this effort was to understand the cause of the high P-band returns. The red pine stand under study consisted of mature trees with an average height of 25 ms and diameters at breast height (DBH) of 28–38 cm. Soil moisture and soil bulk density measurements were made along with ground rough surface profiles. A tree was cut down in such a manner to keep its crown completely intact. Detailed biomass measurements of the needles, branches and trunks were also made. These site statistics have been used in a distorted Born approximation model of the forest stand. Computations indicate that the direct-reflected contributions from the ground are responsible for the high P-band HII observed returns. Tapered tree trunks have been used in the model to improve the accuracy of the direct-reflected calculation. The high P-band returns from red pine contrast with the results from previous studies of a hemlock forest in the area, which have lower P-band returns mainly due to backscattering from branches.
Fully resonant CARS of cresyl violet in polyacrylic acid polymer films

Abstract Multi-resonant CARS data for ground and excited electronic state resonances (593.585 cm−1) of cresyl violet perchlorate in polyacrylic acid are reported. The intensity of the excited state resonance (585 cm−1) depends on the location of the ω1-field (ωas = 2ω1 − ω2) within the severely inhomogeneously broadened absorption profile of the dye. Non-photochemical hole burning is used to determine the vibronic transitions which contribute to the absorption profile. It is argued that the linear electron-phonon interaction is an important mechanism for producing an egalitarian distribution of excited dye sites with a population sufficiently high to permit observation of the excited state resonance. A marked non-photochemical hole burning effect on the intensities of the CARS resonances is used for the assignment of 585 cm−1 as an excited state resonance. The absence of line narrowing in the CARS and CSRS spectra is reported and discussed. Finally, a novel narrowing of the 593 cm−1 ground state resonance with increasing temperature is reported and shown to occur only for restricted values (frequency) of ω1.
THE POLYCULTURE OF Penaeus stylirostris STIMPSON AND Penaeus aztecus IN TANKS

Penaeus aztecus, obtained from the wild, and hatchery-reared P. stylirostris were placed together in 65 liter tanks in 5 ratios (0:100, 25: 75, 50:50, 75:25 and 100:0). Two experiments were done. The first experiment consisted of 4 replicates of each ratio at 20°C and 30°C and 2 replicates of each of the 100% tanks at 25°C. Initial size of P. aztecus and P. stylirostris were 0.12 and 0.07 g, respectively. In the second experiment initial sizes of the wild P. aztecus and pond-reared P. stylirostris were 1.30 and 0.89 g, respectively. The second experiment consisted of 4 replicates of each ratio at 25°C. The mean weight gain, mortality and biomass (actual and that expected on the basis of monoculture) were calculated. In the first experiment, the 50% treatment had the highest mean weight gain for both species, In both experiments, decreasing numbers of P. aztecus (increasing numbers of P. stylirostris) in a treatment resulted in a better growth of P. aztecus in the treatment. The survival of both species decreased as the percentage of P. aztecus increased. Survival was influenced by temperature, density, and species interactions. The largest difference between actual and expected biomass was found to be for P. aztecus at 30°C, notably in the 75% P. aztecus treatment. P. aztecus does not seem to be influenced by the presence of P. stylirostris as much as P. stylirostris is influenced by P. aztecus in the same tank.
Smoothness and absolute convergence of Fourier series in compact totally disconnected groups

In this paper we study in the context of compact totally disconnected groups the relationship between the smoothness of a function and its membership in the Fourier algebra GG. Specifically, we define a notion of smoothness which is natural for totally disconnected groups. This in turn leads to the notions of Lipshitz condition and bounded variation. We then give a condition on α which if satisfied implies Lipα(G) ⊂ R(G). On certain groups this condition becomes: α > 12 (Bernstein's theorem). We then give a similar condition on α which if satisfied implies that Lipα(G) ∈ BV(G) ⊂ R(G). On certain groups this condition becomes: α > 0 (Zygmund's theorem). Moreover we show that α > 12 is best possible by showing that Lip12(G) ⊄ R(G).
Decelerated Testing: A Hierarchical Bayes Approach

The problem discussed here has arisen from an industrial scenario involving the potential failure of an element of building structures. The element carries with it a warranty of several years. The scenario considered is not specific to buildings and occurs under other circumstances; it goes under the label “product stewardship.” Its statistical content, however, is inference from accelerated tests in reverse, that is, testing at low stress levels and making predictions at high use conditions ones. Inference under stress testing for lifetimes is a well-discussed topic in the statistical literature, but what is different here are three features: not using time-transformation functions relating parameters of failure models with stress, using material strength instead of lifetimes as a metric for reliability, and fusing information consisting of test data and expert testimonies about the degradation of strength with cumulative stress. Because stress testing is also germane to survival analysis, with immunity ...
An analytical quadratic model for the geometric error of a machine tool

Abstract In the analysis of geometric error of a machine, errors (especially angular errors) of a joint (axis) are assumed to remain constant with movement along the joint. The assumption, as actual measurements indicate, is not justifiable. Substantial variations can be observed. In this paper an analytical model for the prediction of geometric error of a machine tool is presented. Unlike previously proposed models, this model allows for the variation of errors along the machine's joints (axes). The model, developed using rigid body kinematics, relates the error vector at a point in the machine tool work space to the coordinates of that point by the dimensional and form errors of the individual links and joints of the machine's kinematic scheme. Shape and joint transforms are developed for inaccurate machine elements. An expression is developed for the case where the individual joint errors vary linearly with movement along the joint (or axis). The expression is quadratic. A comparison, made between the errors predicted by the model which allows for variation of individual errors and one that does not, indicates that the higher order terms of the expression make significant contributions to the predicted error. Finally, a method for estimating the coefficients of the model from the error obtained on a workpiece is proposed.
Shoulder injuries in rugby players: Mechanisms, examination, and rehabilitation

Abstract Background The sport of rugby is growing in popularity for players at the high school and collegiate levels. Objective This article will provided the sports therapist with an introduction to the management of shoulder injuries in rugby players. Summary Rugby matches results in frequent impacts and leveraging forces to the shoulder region during the tackling, scrums, rucks and maul components of the game. Rugby players frequently sustain contusion and impact injuries to the shoulder region, including injuries to the sternoclavicular, acromioclavicular (AC), and glenohumeral (GH) joints. Players assessed during practices and matches should be screened for signs of fracture, cervical spine and brachial plexus injuries. A three phase program will be proposed to rehabilitate players with shoulder instabilities using rugby specific stabilization, proprioception, and strengthening exercises. A plan for return to play will be addressed including position-specific activities.
Surface ionization of polynuclear species in Al(III) hydrolysis—II. A conditional equilibrium model

Base and acid titrations of aluminum salt solutions were modeled by including in the reaction scheme the titration of protons from ionizable surface (or “edge”) sites on polynuclear species and the charged precipitate. It was assumed that the OH/Al ratio of the polynuclear species consists of a structural part, the hydroxide ions that link the Al ions and a more labile surface site titration part. The hydrolysis products included in the best-fit reaction scheme are two monomeric species, Al(OH)2+ and Al(OH)−4, and two polynuclear species, Al14(OH)10+32 and Alp(OH)(3p−q)+q where (q/p) ≈ 2.7. The precipitate is assumed to consist of aggregates of the larger polynuclear species destabilized by surface site deprotonation. The conditional, infinite dilution equilibrium constants determined by fitting experimental base titration data are: pK1.1 = 4.4, pK14.32 = 103, pKsp = − 10.9 and pK1.4 = 24.
Personality, sex, and leadership style

The purpose of this investigation was to isolate individual difference variables predictive of autocratic and democratic leadership styles for males and females. Subjects completed a battery of personality examinations and the Sargent and Miller Leadership Questionnaire. The results of two stepwise multiple regression analyses indicated differences which may be predicted for male and female democratic leader behaviors, but none which may be predicted for differences in autocratic leader behaviors.
Titanous chloride as a reagent for quantitative organic micro analysis. II. Microdetermination of azo and diazonium compounds and of nitro arylhydrazines

Procedures for the microtitration with titanous chloride of azo and diazonium compounds and of nitro arylhydrazines are described. Nitro arylhydrazines can be determined in presence of arylhydrazines, and some azo compounds can be determined in the presence of a number of nitro compounds, especially mononitro compounds.
Investigation of basic imaging properties in digital radiography. 6. MTFs of II-TV digital imaging systems

We devised a new, simple technique for measuring the modulation transfer function (MTF) of a digital imaging system by using an image of an angulated slit. With this technique, the "presampling" analog MTF, which includes the geometric unsharpness, the detector unsharpness, and the unsharpness of the sampling aperture, can be measured even beyond the Nyquist frequency. A single-frame image of a slightly angulated slit was employed in order to obtain Fourier transforms of line spread functions at different alignments. The presampling MTF was determined by averaging the two Fourier transforms which we obtained from two extreme alignments (center and shifted) of the slit relative to the sampling coordinate. The presampling MTFs of our digital subtraction angiographic system were determined in two orthogonal directions for three different image-intensifier modes.
Red spruce tree-ring widths and densities in eastern North America as indicators of past climate

Dendroclimatological studies in eastern North America are enhanced by the use of long-time series of maximum latewood densities determined by x-ray densitometry. The densities show higher correlation from tree to tree and site to site than do ring-width measurements from the same trees. Based on the macroclimatic link thus implied, maximum density and width series of Picea rubens Sarg. from high elevations in Maine are used to reconstruct up to 310 yr of past spring temperatures at nearby climate stations. The regression equations explain from 33 to 47% of calibrated variance, and verification testing of the reconstructions produces highly significant correlations and high, positive reduction of error statistics. The climate-wood density relationships are considered in light of tree physiological factors that may explain them. Results from this study are applicable to (1) an increased understanding of the relationship of climate to the formation of wood density and (2) further development of paleoclimatological and paleoenvironmental studies via tree rings in mesic regions such as northeastern North America.
Short data parallel vector slant transform

Abstract In this paper, a comparative study of one- and two-dimensional Slant transform algorithms using vector and parallel computers is presented. A new factorization for the Slant matrix is discussed. General methods of vectorizing short data vectors are included. These methods are suitable for applications where long data may not be available to take advantage of a vector computer. Microtasking with four processors is implemented to improve the speed performance of two-dimensional transforms. Simulation results on the Cray Y-MP and Cray X-MP using single processors and multiprocessors are also included.
A macrostructural model for simulating the combined effects of roughness and plasticity induced fatigue crack closure

Abstract We adapt a weight function based modified strip-yield model to geometrically include the mode I effects of roughness induced crack closure. A rough crack geometry is simulated as a sine wave fitted to a sawtooth defined by an asperity angle and period. Additional crack closure due to the sliding of crack faces is incorporated into the strip-yield model by lengthening and shortening the crack face elements, creating a sawtooth-like crack wake. We study combined roughness and plasticity induced crack closure by varying the crack face asperity angle and period. The addition of rough crack face geometry effects causes the amount of crack closure to oscillate above and below an average value influenced primarily by the asperity angle. The periodicity of the rough crack has little or no effect on closure.
Public opinion on church-state issues in a changing environment

The recent waves of Muslim, Sikh, Buddhist, and other non-Judeo-Christian immigrants in American cities have increased religious diversity. This article examines changes in public attitudes on church-state issues in the Washington, D.C. metro area-a region that has experienced significant religious diversification. We find that between 1993 and 2000, aggregate support for public displays of Christianity decreased in the Washington area, and support for free exercise of minority religions increased. Yet the changing structure of church-state attitudes suggests that many residents are beginning to think of religious issues in a more polarized way.
Inhibition of prolyl hydroxylase by collagen

Summary Heat-denatured collagens obtained from tissues of several vertebrate species strongly inhibited prolyl hydroxylase activity of both chick embryos and WI-38 fetal human lung fibroblasts. With 3,4- 3 H-L-proline-labeled “protocollagen” (“deoxycollagen” chains) as substrate and one of several kinds of unlabeled or tritium-labeled collagens as inhibitor, the inhibition of hydroxylase activity was shown to be non-competitive. If such inhibition were to occur in vivo, it could represent a significant mode of regulation of prolyl hydroxylase activity or a means by which the degree of hydroxylation of nascent collagen is controlled.
The variation of interface dislocation networks with lattice mismatch in eutectic alloys

Abstract Dislocation networks at the interface between phases were studied in directionally solidified eutectics NiAl-Cr and NiAl-Cr(Mo) to determine the effect of lattice parameter mismatch on the spacing and configuration of the interface dislocations. The lattice mismatch was varied by adding different amounts of Mo to the eutectic NiAl-Cr and by quenching NiAl-Cr from temperatures near the melting point to retain the high temperature solid solution and reduced lattice mismatch. The dislocation networks were examined by transmission electron microscopy and the lattice mismatch calculated from the spacing of the dislocations. Lattice parameter mismatch was also measured by X-ray techniques at room temperature and at elevated temperatures to determine the effects of thermal expansion and solubility on the mismatch. In the case of the slowly cooled NiAl-Cr and NiAl-Cr(Mo) alloys, the mismatch calculated from the spacing of the dislocations at room temperature agreed with the measured mismatch at room temperature. In the heated and quenched NiAl-Cr eutectic, the reduced mismatch at elevated temperature was reflected by rotated networks and increased dislocation spacing (compared with the slowly cooled eutectics) at room temperature. When mismatch decreases in the solid, the interface dislocations move from the interface network into the NiAl matrix. When mismatch increases in the solid, stresses deform the matrix and the glide dislocations move from the matrix into the interface to decrease the spacing of the dislocations in the interface networks.
Demographic Characteristics, Sources of Information, and Preparedness for Earthquakes in California

This paper examines how demographic characteristics of California residents and their sources of information combine to predict earthquake preparedness and hazard mitigation. Telephone interviews w...
Formation time scaling and hadronization in cold nuclear matter

Abstract I propose a scaling analysis of the hadron multiplicity ratio measured in Deep Inelastic Scattering on nuclear targets as a tool to distinguish energy loss and nuclear absorption effects on hadron suppression in cold nuclear matter. The proposed scaling variable is a function of the hadron fractional energy and of the virtual photon energy. Its functional form, which depends on a parameter λ , can be fixed by general theoretical considerations and encompasses both energy loss and absorption models. The parameter λ is fitted to HERMES experimental data and shown to favor prehadron nuclear absorption as leading mechanism for hadron suppression as opposed to quark energy loss.
High-harmonic generation and correlated two-electron multiphoton ionization with elliptically polarized light.

The strong ellipticity dependence of correlated two-electron multiphoton ionization of neon and of the high-harmonic emission from argon (harmonic N=21) and neon (N=41) are reported. These measurements suggest a common underlying mechanism and are quantitatively consistent with a recently developed Keldysh-like model of high harmonic generation which treats the interaction between a newly freed electron and the ion core.
Detection of Active Left Ventricular Thrombosis during Acute Myocardial Infarction Using Indium-111 Platelet Scintigraphy

Platelet scintigraphy with radioactive indium-111 may be used both to identify and to reflect the activity of thrombi in vivo in man. Forty-one patients with acute myocardial infarction were studied for active left ventricular thrombosis by platelet scintigraphy and followed until in-hospital death, discharge, or same-admission cardiac surgery for evidence of systemic embolization. A total of 4.7 ± 2.4 ×10 9 platelets (mean±l SD) labelled with 381μCi±51μCi of indium-111 was injected intravenously at 91±88 hours following the onset of chest pain. Patients were imaged in multiple views on the day of and three to four days after injection of the platelet suspension. Group 1 (n = 29) had transmural myocardial infarctions, of which 21 were anterior (peak total level of creatine phosphokinase [CPK], 2,272 ± 2,026 IU; mean±l SD) and eight were inferior (CPK level, 1,673 ±589 IU). Group 2 (n = 12) had subendocardial myocardial infarctions (CPK level 799 ± 751 IU). Those with subendocardial and transmural inferior myocardial infarctions had neither left ventricular thrombosis nor emboli. Ten (48 percent) of 21 with anterior transmural myocardial infarctions had left ventricular thrombosis by platelet scintigraphy. Three with and one without such throm bosis by scintigraphy had acute neurologic episodes. In the group with anterior myocardial infarctions, seven of ten patients with and four of 11 without left ventricular thrombosis received heparin subcutaneously (χ 2 = 1.22 [Yates correction]; p>0.30). We conclude that platelet scintigraphy may be used to monitor antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapy in patients with anterior transmural myocardial infarctions who are at risk for left ventricular thrombosis and systemic embolization.
Skin cancer prevention in annual performance of total skin examination, photoprotection counseling, and patient instruction of self-skin examination.

Background Prevention of skin cancer includes early diagnosis and photoprotection, such as by physician-performed total skin examination (TSE) and patient-performed self-skin examination (SSE). Hypothesizing that 90% of our patients receive an annual TSE, photoprotection counseling, and SSE instruction, we assessed the extent to which this was documented in patients' records. We also sought to identify differences in documentation of TSE, photoprotection counseling, and instruction on SSE with or without use of a dictation template prompting documentation. Materials and methods Retrospective review of a random sample of 400 patients in an outpatient dermatology practice of a tertiary care academic medical center for any dermatology appointment between May 1 and July 31, 2007. Exclusion criteria included refusal to undergo TSE, lack of access to skin (e.g. wheelchair-bound or in cast), or inappropriate visit type (e.g. for acne, psoriasis, or lupus). Results Of 400 randomly selected patients, 313 met inclusion criteria. The dictation template was used in 133; of these, 89% (119/133) had documentation in their clinical note of a TSE (exclusive of the buttocks or groin area), and 98% (130/133) had documentation of instruction on sun protection and SSE. Without use of the dictation template, these percentages dropped to 78% (140/180) and 20% (36/180), respectively. Physicians using a dictation template were more likely to document having conducted a TSE and instructed patients on photoprotection and SSE. Conclusions A dictation template aids documentation of annual TSE and patient education efforts on photoprotection and SSE.
Examining the Relationship between Internalized Heterosexism and Substance Abuse among Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Individuals: A Critical Review

Historically, researchers have theorized a positive relationship between internalized heterosexism and higher substance abuse rates among lesbian, gay, and bisexual individuals. This theory posits that internalized heterosexism induces anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, and other intrapsychic problems that lead to using alcohol and drugs to ameliorate these effects. Over the past 20 years, few studies have provided clear support for this theory, which raises the question whether internalized heterosexism indeed has a positive relationship with these increased rates. This article critiques these studies and explores important factors that may help to refine theoretical assumptions. Subsequently, implications for research and practice are offered in light of this analysis.
p561ck stably associates with a 115 kDa substrate

Summary Using antibodies directed against p56 1ck , we have identified a 115 kDa protein (p115) that is specifically immunoprecipitated with p561ck from whole cell lysates. The p561ck/p115 complex is stable in the presence of nonionic detergents. p115 becomes phosphorylated on tyrosine residues in p56 1ck immune-complex kinase assays. Treatment of whole cells with 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate decreases the subsequent tyrosine phosphorylation of p115 in immune-complex kinase assays.
Contextualism, Pluralism, and Distributive Justice

THE INAPPLICABILITY THESISThere is a gap between the idea of distributive justice and the many factors that are morally relevant for decision making on economic issues. Only to a degree can this gap be attributed to the distance between “ideal reach” and “practical grasp,” to the legitimate difference in detail between an abstractly delineated economic scenario and a concrete set of circumstances, and to the disparate idioms and metaphors of theoretical and practical discourse. Rather, the gap indicates a fundamental problem with the concept of distributive justice. The problem, that is here termed the “inapplicability thesis,” is that even if distributive justice in abstract formulation were to be accepted as a value, its application in economic decision making is indeterminate.
Antagonism of Central Melanocortin Receptors in Vitro and in Vivo by Agouti-Related Protein

Expression of Agouti protein is normally limited to the skin where it affects pigmentation, but ubiquitous expression causes obesity. An expressed sequence tag was identified that encodes Agouti-related protein, whose RNA is normally expressed in the hypothalamus and whose levels were increased eightfold in ob/ob mice. Recombinant Agouti-related protein was a potent, selective antagonist of Mc3r and Mc4r, melanocortin receptor subtypes implicated in weight regulation. Ubiquitous expression of human AGRP complementary DNA in transgenic mice caused obesity without altering pigmentation. Thus, Agouti-related protein is a neuropeptide implicated in the normal control of body weight downstream of leptin signaling.
Women and Paid Work

A productive workforce is a prime goal of the Decade of Behavior initiative. Thanks to the women's movement that started in the 1960s, the majority of adult women today are a part of that productive workforce, demonstrating their knowledge, skills and abilities, and earning a livelihood through paid employment. Nevertheless, real equal opportunity in paid work remains an elusive goal. In this paper, two major reviews of the literature on women and paid work written 20 years apart (Cleveland, Stockdale, & Murphy, 2000; Nieva & Gutek, 1981) serve to structure a discussion of what we know about women's experiences in paid work. Selective areas of research are reviewed under four kinds of topics: (1) topics that have disappeared over the past 20 years, (2) important topics that were not studied or could not be studied 20 years ago but are now (women as leaders), (3) previously neglected topics (stereotyping), and (4) rapidly emerging topics (mentoring, effects of preferential selection, sexual harassment). It...
Here and Gone: Anticipation and Separation Effects of Prison Visits on Inmate Infractions:

Objectives:This study examines the effect of prison visitation on the probability of inmate misconduct.Method:Our sample is an admissions cohort of over 7,000 inmates admitted to Florida correctional facilities between 2000 and 2002. The authors conducted multilevel analyses of the week-to-week association between officially recorded disciplinary infractions and prison visits, including spousal, significant other, parental, relative, and friend visits.Results:The probability of an in-prison infraction declines in anticipation of visits, increases immediately following visits, and then gradually declines to average levels. This pattern is relatively consistent across visitors and infraction types but is strongest for spousal visits and contraband infractions. More frequent visits are associated with a more rapid postvisit decline.Conclusions:If visits reduce the pains of imprisonment or increase social control, then these effects may be too short-lived to create lasting improvements in the behavior of indi...