cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Electron Spin resonance Studies of Organotransition Metal Reactive Intermediates

Electron spin resonance spectroscopy is a powerful tool for the study of organotransition metal radicals and radical ions. The technique can be used for the identification of radicals, measurement of radical concentrations, characterization of the molecular orbital containing the unpaired electron, and measurement of the rate of fluxionality in stereochemically nonrigid radicals. In this review, examples of ESR spectra of some simple radicals derived from manganese, iron, ruthenium, and cobalt carbonyls are discussed in the context of related electrochemical and chemical studies.
Bayesian Inference For The Mean of a Stratified Population When There Are Order Restrictions

Consider a stratified random sample of firms with the strata defined by a firm’s number of employees. We wish to make inference about the mean sales and receipts (SR) for all such firms, and the proportion of firms belonging to each of several classes defined by a firm’s SR. Let P i. denote the known proportion of firms belonging to stratum i, π ij the proportion of firms in i belonging to SR class j, and Y j the mean SR in class j. We use Bayesian methods to make inference about \(P._j = \sum\limits_i {P_{i.} \pi _{ij} } \) and \(\mu = \sum\limits_j {Y_j P._j } \). In particular, specifications of smoothness, expressed as unimodal order relations among the π ij (within and between the rows of the two-way table), are incorporated into the prior distributions. With computations facilitated by using the Gibbs sampler, we show that the smoothness conditions provide substantial gains in precision when the P .j and µ are estimated.
Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction: Minding the Gaps in our Knowledge of A Common Postoperative Complication in the Elderly

Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a common complication associated with significant morbidity and mortality in elderly patients. There is much interest in and controversy about POCD, reflected partly in the increasing number of articles published on POCD recently. Recent work suggests surgery may also be associated with cognitive improvement in some patients, termed postoperative cognitive improvement (POCI). As the number of surgeries performed worldwide approaches 250 million per year, optimizing postoperative cognitive function and preventing/treating POCD are major public health issues. In this article, we review the literature on POCD and POCI, and discuss current research challenges in this area.
Bitterness of soy protein hydrolysates according to molecular weight of peptides

The bitterness in soy protein hydrolysates is a major obstacle to acceptance of soy products by consumers. The primary objective of this research was to evaluate the bitterness of 4 different molecular weight peptide fractions obtained from Protex 7L-treated soy hydrolysate. First, a theoretical analysis was performed to predict hydrolytic cleavage points of 3 different bitterand non-bitter-producing proteases on soy protein at 4% degree of hydrolysis (DH) and hypothesize how peptide size influences bitterness. Protex 7L-treated soy hydrolysate was fractionated by gel filtration, desalinated by ultra-filtration, freezedried, and re-diluted to 5% w/v in Milli-Q water for sensory evaluation. Molecular weight of the fractions was analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Panelists’ sensitivity to Multifect Neutral (MN)-treated soy hydrolysate was compared to caffeine, quinine, leucine, and phenylalanine. Panelists’ perceptions of the bitterness of MN-treated soy hydrolysate were compared to the bitterness of leucine and phenylalanine free amino acids. Panelists were screened for bitterness sensitivity and 15 highly sensitive panelists were selected to evaluate the Protex 7L-treated soy hydrolysate fractions, MN-treated soy hydrolysate, caffeine, quinine, leucine, and phenylalanine by using a modified triangle test. Comparison of panelist sensitivity was evaluated by Cohen's kappa coefficient and Fisher’s exact test (p ≤ 0.05). Comparison of bitterness was analyzed by Cohen's kappa coefficient and McNemar’s test (p ≤ 0.05). A fraction consisting of low molecular weight peptides (estimated 1-5 kDa) was identified as bitter (p = 0.009) as well as the unfractionated hydrolysate (p = 0.088). The remaining 3 fractions (2 larger MW and one < 1 kDa) were not bitter. Panelists selected for bitterness sensitivity had an average threshold of 0.98 mM for caffeine, 8.9 μM for quinine,
Economics of coal transport by slurry pipeline versus unit train. A case study

Abstract A comparative cost analysis was performed on two transport alternatives for moving coal from the Western US High Plains. Specifically, the coal slurry pipeline proposed by Energy Transportation Systems Inc and the unit train alternative were analysed. The results for several levels of track upgrading and average train speed reveal that the slurry pipeline was the superior transport mode. Additional results highlight water, energy consumption, and fixed variable cost comparisons between the two transport alternatives. A discussion of resource allocative efficiency and the environmental impacts from coal slurry technology concludes the study.
Physical Media and Channels

Ultimately the design of a digital communication system depends on the properties of the channel. The channel is typically a part of the digital communication system that we cannot change. Some channels are simply a physical medium, such as a wire pair or optical fiber. On the other hand, the radio channel is part of the electromagnetic spectrum, which is divided by government regulatory bodies into bandlimited radio channels that occupy disjoint frequency bands. In this book we do not consider the design of the transducers, such as antennas, lasers, and photodetectors, and hence we consider them part of the channel. Some channels, notably the telephone channel, are actually composites of multiple transmission subsystems. Such composite channels derive their characteristics from the properties of the underlying subsystems.
Can we improve the functional outcomes of orthotopic diversion in women

Neobladder reconstruction has become an acceptable alternative to ileal conduit for patients undergoing radical cystectomy.Thefunctionof ilealneobladderscanbeexcellent inmanypatients, butwomenundergoing this surgery appear to have both more incontinence and more urinary retention than men [1]. Elegant anatomic studies have demonstrated that both the structure and the innervation of the rhabdosphincter are preserved when doing a urethra-sparing cystectomy [2]. It is clear that intrinsic sphincter deficiency, whether due to neurologic insult from diabetes, pudendal nerve damage during the cystectomy, or myogenic insult secondary toolder age, parity, or surgical trauma, couldaffect continence. However, the explanation for urinary retention has been more problematic. One prevailing theory behind the cause of urinary retention inwomen has been the development of a posterior kink at the urethral anastomosis due to the loss of posterior support. Videourodynamics and dynamic magnetic resonance imaging studies seemed to confirm the presence of a pouchocele in women with high residual urine and the absence of neobladder prolapse in those who void more completely [3]. This theoryhasbeenused to advocate the use of techniques to try to provide better posterior support to the neobladder, such as omental transposition, sacrocolpopexy, and preservation of the uterus [4,5]. In this month’s issue of European Urology, Gross and colleagues have an alternative theory that postneobladder voiding dysfunction (both retention and incontinence) results primarily from damage to autonomic nerves [6]. They performed a study measuring preand postoperative urethral pressure profile (UPP) in a cohort of women undergoing cystectomy and ileal orthotopic neobladderwith or without hysterectomy and/or attempt at nerve sparing.
Communication satellite antenna testing

Communication satellite systems necessarily require multi-disciplinary tests to assure and maintain effective system operation. This overview summarizes the overall testing for satellite communication systems and describes the subset of antenna and antenna-related testing in particular. Antenna test requirements address both RF and environmental specifications that include both launch and on-orbit extremes for space systems and wind and climate conditions for ground systems. In addition to characterizing antenna performance, other system test requirements have antenna- related measurements and test requirements.
Microbiological Assay for Organic Compounds in Seawater. II Distribution of Adenine, Uracil, and Threonine

Biochemically deficient strains of Serratia marinorubra have been isolated with specific requirements for adenine, uracil, and threonine. Standard curves for dose to growth response have been obtained showing a linear sensitivity from 0.5 to 4.0 mg of adenine per liter of seawater, 0.1 to 2.0 mg of uracil per liter of seawater, and 0.5 to 10 mg of threonine per liter of seawater. These mutants have been used to test for the presence of their required metabolites in natural seawater samples from the Gulf of Mexico and adjacent bays. Of the three compounds under investigation, adenine was found in 10 samples, uracil in 2 samples, and threonine in none. The possible significance of these findings to the marine environment is discussed.
Designing Unification Procedures Using Transformations: A Survey

Unification is a very general computational paradigm that plays an important role in many different areas of symbolic computation. For example, unification plays a central role in Automated Deduction (First-order logic with or without equality, higher-order logic); Logic Programming (Prolog, λ-Prolog); Constraint-based Programming; Type Inferencing (ML, ML+, etc.); Knowledge-Base Systems, Feature structures; and Computational Linguistics (Unification grammars).
Annual/semiannual variation of the ionosphere

[1] We investigated the relationship between the systematic annual and semiannual variations in the ionosphere and thermosphere using a combination of data analysis and model simulation. A climatology of daytime peak density and height of the ionospheric F2 layer was obtained from GPS radio occultation measurements by the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (COSMIC) during 2007–2010. These measurements were compared to simulations by the NCAR Thermosphere-Ionosphere-Electrodynamics General Circulation Model (TIE-GCM). Model reproduction of the ionospheric annual and semiannual variations was significantly improved by imposing seasonal variation of eddy diffusion at the lower boundary, which also improves agreement with thermospheric density measurements. Since changes in turbulent mixing affect both the thermosphere and ionosphere by altering the proportion of atomic and molecular gases, these results support the proposition that composition change drives the annual/semiannual variation in both the neutral and ionized components of the coupled system.
Light-driven generation of hydrogen: New chromophore dyads for increased activity based on Bodipy dye and Pt(diimine)(dithiolate) complexes

New dyads consisting of a strongly absorbing Bodipy (dipyrromethene-BF2) dye and a platinum diimine dithiolate (PtN2S2) charge transfer (CT) chromophore have been synthesized and studied in the context of the light-driven generation of H2 from aqueous protons. In these dyads, the Bodipy dye is bonded directly to the benzenedithiolate ligand of the PtN2S2 CT chromophore. Each of the new dyads contains either a bipyridine (bpy) or phenanthroline (phen) diimine with an attached functional group that is used for binding directly to TiO2 nanoparticles, allowing rapid electron photoinjection into the semiconductor. The absorption spectra and cyclic voltammograms of the dyads show that the spectroscopic and electrochemical properties of the dyads are the sum of the individual chromophores (Bodipy and the PtN2S2 moieties), indicating little electronic coupling between them. Connection to TiO2 nanoparticles is carried out by sonication leading to in situ attachment to TiO2 without prior hydrolysis of the ester linking groups to acids. For H2 generation studies, the TiO2 particles are platinized (Pt-TiO2) so that the light absorber (the dyad), the electron conduit (TiO2), and the catalyst (attached colloidal Pt) are fully integrated. It is found that upon 530 nm irradiation in a H2O solution (pH 4) with ascorbic acid as an electron donor, the dyad linked to Pt-TiO2 via a phosphonate or carboxylate attachment shows excellent light-driven H2 production with substantial longevity, in which one particular dyad [4(bpyP)] exhibits the highest activity, generating ∼40,000 turnover numbers of H2 over 12 d (with respect to dye).
Are We Satisfied? Perspective on Five-year Outcomes of Midurethral Slings

For women undergoing surgery to treat stress urinary incontinence (SUI), a ‘‘long-term’’ surgical outcome would probably mean decades, yet in surgical research, we have few high-quality, randomized studies that report outcomes at a mere 5 yr. This knowledge gap affects our ability as surgeons to have an evidence-based practice based on consistent research findings that guide our recommendations and patient counseling. In this issue of European Urology, Laurikainen et al. report the 5-yr surgical outcomes of a prospectively registered, randomized trial initiated in 2004 with multiple, welltrained surgeons across seven Finnish clinical sites [1]. This independent trial, with outstanding follow-up assessment rates, compared objective and patient-derived subjective outcomes of two common forms of midurethral sling, the transobturator and retropubic polypropylene tapes. Based on their predetermined outcome measures, the investigators concluded that the two types of midurethral sling were highly similar in efficacy, patient satisfaction, and risk of complications. These results will add to a growing literature comparing these two surgical approaches for stress incontinence surgery. These findings support trained surgeons who confidently recommendeitherof theseprocedures towomen who are willing to accept mesh-based procedures. Readers are undoubtedly interested to know about the surgical practices of these Finnish surgeons today, given the results of their own study [1]. Once they stopped randomizing patient-participants in this trial, did these surgeons prefer or recommend one procedure over another? How did they advise their patients, given the similarity in outcomes? If the study surgeons offered the procedures equally, essentially asking the patient to select her own procedure, what did she select?We hope the study surgeons
Biological significance of the different erythropoietic factors secreted by normal human early erythroid cells.

Evidence is accumulating that autocrine/paracrine regulatory mechanisms play an important role in regulating normal hematopoiesis. To support this, various growth factors, cytokines and chemokines are expressed and secreted by normal early and differentiated hematopoietic cells. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the identification and understanding of the role of autocrine/paracrine axes in normal human erythropoiesis. We will also address a biological significance of the secretion of (i) metalloproteinases which in addition to growth factors and cytokines are secreted by normal erythroid cells and (ii) membrane-derived microvesicles (MV), that are shed from the surface of maturating erythroblasts/reticulocytes, and as we postulate may also play a role in intercellular communication. We hypothesize that all these factors together play an important role in a crosstalk between erythroid cells and their environment. A better understanding of intercellular crosstalk operating in normal erythropo...
Impediments to Learning Object Reuse and Openness as a Potential Solution

The restrictions of copyright law and its accompany-ing penalties are ambient factors in our everyday lives. "Everyone knows" you’re not allowed to make a copy of a textbook, article, or simulation without permission. The technically daunting and time-consuming process of requesting permission, and the inevitable fees associated with that permission if granted, prevent law-abiding individuals and organizations from reusing most of the learning objects they find on the Internet or in repositories.
Physical Activity is Associated with Better Neurocognitive and Everyday Functioning Among Older Adults with HIV Disease

We examined the association between physical activity (PA), neurocognitive impairment (NCI), and instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) among older HIV+ persons. One hundred older HIV+ adults completed the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, a neurocognitive battery, and IADL scale. Higher levels of moderate PA were associated with lower odds of NCI (p = 0.01), even when covariates were modeled. The association between moderate PA and NCI was driven by executive function (p = 0.04). Higher levels of moderate PA were also associated with lower odds of IADL Dependence (p = 0.03), although this fell to a trend (p = 0.08) when including covariates. Follow-up analysis showed those with both NCI and IADL Dependence had lower moderate PA than those with neither (p = 0.03). While these cross-sectional findings suggest PA is associated with better neurocognitive and everyday functioning in older HIV+ adults, longitudinal studies utilizing objective PA methods are needed to evaluate directionality and mechanisms.
Characterization of the endogenous ADP-ribosylation of wild-type and mutant elongation factor 2 in eukaryotic cells.

Anti-[ADP-ribosylated elongation factor 2 (EF-2)] antiserum has been used to immunoprecipitate the modified form of EF-2 from polyoma-virus-transformed baby hamster kidney (pyBHK) cells [Fendrick, J. L. & Iglewski, W. J. (1989) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 86, 554–557]. This antiserum also immunoprecipitates a 32P-labelled protein of similar size to EF-2 from a variety of primary and continuous cell lines derived from many species of animals. One of these cell lines, chinese hamster ovary CHO-K1 cells was further characterized. The time course of labelling of ADP-ribosylated EF-2 with [32P]orthophosphate was similar in pyBHK cells and in CHO-K1 cells. The kinetics of labelling were more rapid for cells cultured in 2% serum than 10% serum, with incorporation of 32P reaching a maximum at 6 h and 10 h, respectively. EF-2 mutants of pyBHK and CHO-K1 cells resistant to diphtheria-toxin-catalyzed ADP-ribosylation of EF-2 remain sensitive to cellular ADP-ribosylation of EF-2. The 32P-labelled moiety of ADP-ribosylated EF-2 was digested by snake venom phosphodiesterase and the product was identified as AMP. The same 32P-labelled tryptic peptide was modified by toxin in wild-type EF-2 and by the cellular transferase in mutant EF-2. When purified EF-2 from pyBHK cells was incubated with [carbonyl-14C]nicotinamide and diphtheria toxin fragment A, under conditions for reversal of the ADP-ribosylation reaction, [14C]NAD was generated. The results suggest that cellular ADP-ribosylated EF-2 exists in a variety of cell types, and the ribosylated product is identical to that produced by toxin ADP-ribosylation of EF-2, except in diphthamide mutant cells. Studies with the mutant cell lines indicate that the toxin and the cellular transferase, however, recognize different determinants at the ADP-ribose acceptor site in EF-2. The cellular transferase does not require the diphthamide modification of the histidine ring in the amino acid sequence of EF-2 for the transfer of ADP-ribose to the ring. Therefore, we would expect the cellular transferase active site to be similar to, but not identical to, the critical amino acids demonstrated in the active site of diphtheria toxin and Pseudomonas exotoxin A.
Computational studies of nucleophilic attack and protonation of electron-deficient benzoheterocycle triosmium clusters.

The density functional theory method has been applied to gain insights into the regioselectivity of nucleophilic attack and protonation of electron-deficient benzoheterocycle triosmium clusters. We report our computational results on the reaction of the green 46-electron triosmium clusters Os3(CO)9(μ3-η2-(LH))(μ-H) (L = benzoxazole, 1a; benzothiazole, 1b; dihydroquinoline, 1c; 1,3-dehydroindoline, 1d; 4H-3,1-benzoxazine, 1e) with hydride (H-) and proton (H+) in order to elucidate factors affecting the observed differences in the structure of the kinetic products of these reactions. Transition-state calculations for the interconversion of the anionic tautomers resulting from H- attack on the clusters 1a−e show that the activation energies of these anionic clusters are considerably lower than the previously reported barriers for related neutral clusters. Calculations also reveal that the structures of the kinetic products resulting from sequential H-/H+ attack are determined by the protonation process.
Tolerance of protein and lipid synthesis to mild hyperphenylalaninemia in developing rat brain.

Abstract Chronic injection of low levels (1.5–2.5 mg/g body wt./day for 6–8 days) of l -phenylalanine which did not significantly affect body weight or brain to body weight ratios also did not significantly affect myelin accumulation or synthesis in developing rat brain. A single injection of l -phenylalanine (1 mg/g body wt.) significantly reduced in vivo protein synthesis by 10% in cerebral cortex of 7-day-old rats. Although transient reductions in protein synthesis are produced during low level daily injections, cumulative effects are not expressed in significant reductions in brain to body growth ratios. It is concluded that myelination is significantly inhibited in hyperphenylalanemia only when other paramters of brain growth and development are affected.
Correlation between the quality patient care scale and the Phaneuf audit.

There has been a sustained interest in the assessment of quality of health care delivery in the United States of America. This has been manifested by accelerated efforts for the development, maintenance and improvement of quality assurance programs. At the same time, there is an increasing need for the development of reliable and valid instruments to accomplish this objective (Lindeman, 1975). Donabedian (1966) described a framework for evaluation that includes structure, process and outcome. To date in nursing, most of the emphasis has focused on the assessment of the process of nursing care. Process approaches measure those nursing care activities performed by nursing personnel on behalf of patients and families. This definition is further refined by the addition of a qualifier to differentiate between evaluating concurrent and retrospective process. Concurrent evaluation focuses on review of nursing care while it is in progress and while the patient is still in the hospital. This approach is exemplified by such instruments as the Quality Patient Care Scale (QualPacs) (Wandelt and Ager, 1974), Veterans Administration Nursing Care Quality Evaluation Scale (VA-NCQE) (Veterans Administration Department of Medicine and Surgery, 1969) and RUSH-Medicus Methology for Monitoring Quality of Nursing Care (Jelinek, Haussmann, Hegyvary and Newman, 1974; Haussmann, Hegyvary and Newman, 1976; Haussmann and Hegyvary, 1977). In concurrent review, the evaluation is completed during a patient’s hospitalization, using not only the patient’s clinical records, but also a patient interview (if appropriate) and direct observation. Supporters of this approach say that although concurrent review of nursing care is more costly, this approach provides more information sooner and enables improvement of care for the specific patient for whom the changes in care are indicated (Trussell and Strand, 1978).
Empirical evaluation of decision tables for constructing and comprehending expert system rules

Abstract Two studies were designed to evaluate the efficiency of decision table representations for constructing and comprehending expert system rules by nonprogrammers with no experience in either knowledge engineering or expert systems. The first study compared the speed and accuracy of a decision table editor for constructing rules in a tabular representation relative to a standard text editor. Rules were constructed faster and more accurately with the decision table editor than with the text editor. The second study focused on the representational value of decision tables for comprehending expert system rules. In a verification task, subjects responded to questions of different types as accurately and rapidly as possible on the basis of the logical structure of a set of rules represented in either a decision table or textual format. The decision table showed an advantage only in situations where the diagrammatic, integral representation of the decision table expedited the perceptual and symbolic matching processes involved in the search.
Surgery for carotid artery stenosis following neck irradiation.

Carotid angioplasty and stenting (CAS) is being promoted for patients with carotid artery stenosis who have received neck irradiation. We reviewed our experience with carotid endarterectomy (CEA) following neck irradiation to determine if indeed postoperative and long-term problems were an issue in these patients. Over the past 13 years, 10 patients with a history of neck irradiation underwent 11 procedures. The average time interval between radiation treatment and surgery was 14 years (range 1–44). All carotid arteries were repaired with a standard endarterectomy, eight of which were patched. Three patients had undergone a radical neck dissection on the side ipsilateral to the carotid lesion. They received a pectoral myocutaneous flap (PMF) to protect the carotid artery and optimize wound healing. The lack of perioperative complications and of morbidity indicate that carotid reconstruction for patients with previous neck irradiation is safe and durable. Until long-term favorable results with CAS are available for these patients, operative intervention should remain the standard treatment.
Semantics-preserving sharing actors

Actors interact by asynchronous message passing. A key semantic property of actors is that they do not share state. This facilitates data-race freedom, fault isolation and location transparency. On the other hand, strict avoidance of sharing can lead to inefficiency. We propose the sharing actor programming model that extends the actor programming model with single-writer multiple-reader sharing of data. We define the sharing actor theory and prove its semantic equivalence to the pure actor theory. We realize the sharing actor theory with an efficient implementation. The implementation benefits from sharing data but keeps it transparent to actors. To increase the confidence that the implementation complies with the semantics, we have built a checking tool based on deterministic replay of actor programs.
Distribution of Carbonates in Deep-Sea Sediments: ABSTRACT

Carbonate sediments, which consist largely of the skeletal remains of microplankton (calcareous nannoplankton, planktonic foraminifers, pteropods and heteropods) cover nearly 47% or 126 million sq km of the ocean floor. Their distribution is particularly dominant in the warm-water belt between approximately 45°N and 45°S and over submarine topographic elevations such as the mid-oceanic ridge systems and isolated seamounts. This distributional pattern is affected both by conditions controlling production of microplankton in the overlying surface waters and by their postmortem dissolution or destruction in the water column, either at the sediment-water surface or within the sediment column. In areas where the dissolution rate of carbonates exceeds supply, a "compe sation condition" is reached and, in general, carbonates are not accumulating in depths greater than 4,000 m. Because of low productivity of calcareous microplankton in surface waters coupled with greater water depth, the lowest sedimentation rates of biogenous carbonates occur under the North and South Pacific central water masses. A general distribution pattern of carbonate sedimentation in the past can be pieced together on the basis of nearly 1,000 pre-Pleistocene piston cores and from the results of the U.S. Deep Sea Drilling Project. A considerable part of the abyssal floor once received calcareous sediment. Carbonate sediments were later replaced by clays as the basin deepened and the dissolution rate exceeded supply. The resulting facies boundary is broadly time-transgressive wit increasing age away from the axes of the mid-oceanic ridge systems. End_of_Article - Last_Page 363------------
Band structure in classical field theory

Stability and instability bands in classical mechanics are well-studied in connection with systems such as described by the Mathieu equation. We examine whether such band structure can arise in classical field theory in the context of an embedded kink in 1+1 dimensions. The static embedded kink is unstable to perturbations but we show that if the kink is dynamic it can exhibit stability in certain parameter bands. Our results are relevant for estimating the lifetimes of various embedded defects and, in particular, loops of electroweak Z-string.
DIMENSIONS OF LIFE: A SYSTEMS APPROACH TO THE INORGANIC AND THE ORGANIC IN PAUL TILLICH AND PIERRE TEILHARD DE CHARDIN

. Systems theory provides a surprisingly fruitful approach to several important ideas held in common by Paul Tillich and Pierre Teilhard de Chardin. These include complexity or organization as the key to understanding the distinction between the inorganic and the organic, and hierarchy or levels in complex systems. Teilhard and systems theorists accept hierarchy as fundamental. Tillich questions the concept and prefers “dimensions,” including the inorganic, organic, psychological, spiritual, and historical dimensions. Tillich's rejection of hierarchy is questioned, but significant correlations are discovered in the systems interpretation of the psychological and spiritual dimensions as well as in the use of “centeredness” by both thinkers.
Do Children's Behavior Problems Limit Poor Women's Labor Market Success?

Economically disadvantaged mothers face numerous barriers to stable, quality employment opportunities. One barrier that has received limited attention in previous research is having a child with significant psychological or behavioral problems. Using a representative sample of low-income mothers and early adolescent children from the Three-City Study (N = 717), we assessed whether adolescents' behavior problems prospectively predicted mothers' employment status, consistency, and quality. Lagged random-effects regression models suggested that adolescents' psychological distress and delinquency inhibited the labor market success of disadvantaged mothers, although school problems were related to greater work effort among mothers. Links between labor market success and both psychological distress and delinquency differed across mothers with male and female adolescents.
Building more secure software with improved development processes

The author draws on experiences gained as a member of Microsoft's central security team to outline some basic best practices for the software development process. These practices benefitted Microsoft products released since the inception of its Trustworthy Computing initiative in 2002. The points are a subset of the security development lifecycle process implemented at Microsoft.
Ubiquitous tele-embodiment

In the rush into cyberspace we leave our physical presence and our real-world environment behind. The internet, undoubtedly a remarkable modern communications tool, still does not empower us to enter the office of the person at the other end of the connection. We cannot look out of their window, admire their furniture, talk to their office-mates, tour their laboratory or walk outside. We lack the equivalent of a body at the other end with which we can move around in, communicate through and observe with. However, by combining elements of the internet and tele-robotics it is possible to transparently immerse users into navigable real remote worlds filled with rich spatial sensorium and to make such systems accessible from any networked computer in the world, in essence: tele-embodiment. In this article we describe the evolution and development of one such inexpensive, simple, networked tele-operated mobile robot (tele-mobot) designed to provide this ability. We also discuss several social implications and philosophical questions raised by this research.
Measurement of Layer-by-Layer Growth of Helium and Hydrogen on Gold

In two separate studies, we have observed layer-by-layer growth of 4He films on the gold electrodes of a quartz microbalance below 1 K and also the layer-by-layer growth of H2 films on thin gold foils below 12 K via the traditional volumetric adsorption isotherm method.
Counterframes and Allegories of Evil Characterizations of Labor by Gilded Age Elites

Social movement scholars have increasingly focused on the importance of the cultural-symbolic dimensions of collective contention. Conceptual and empirical studies of mobilization (and countermobilization) employing a framing perspective have become a growth industry. In this article, the author expands our purview of the symbolic-representational repertoire employed in collective contention and conceptually distinguishes between counterframing, counternarrating, and counterimagining as strategic forms of symbolic characterization employed by oppositions against social movements. The author illustrates these ideas by focusing on the countercontention against labor during the Gilded Age. All three symbolic countering strategies—framing, narrating, and imaging— were employed by business and cultural elites against labor as it was becoming a national-level movement during the last several decades of the 19th century. However, extended narratives (e.g., novels and partisan quasi-histories) and pictorial art p...
Transfer and the A-B anticipation interval in the A-B', A-B paradigm

The S s learned either an A-B', a C-D, or an A-D list and then learned an A-B list with an anticipation interval of .75, 1.50, or 3.00 sec. The A-D, A-B paradigm did not produce negative transfer. The A-B', A-B paradigm produced significant amounts of positive transfer and the amount of transfer increased as the strength of the first-list pair increased. There was no indication that amount of positive transfer varied with the anticipation interval and this was discussed in terms of a mediation hypothesis.
Use of GMDH to predict human dynamic strengths

Abstract This paper presents further application of the Group Method of Data Handling (GMDH), a heuristic technique. It was applied to develop non-linear polynomials to predict dynamic strengths for the knuckle to shoulder and the floor to shoulder heights. Only three anthropometric variables are needed as inputs to these models. The input variables can be measured accurately and reliably very quickly. Using these polynomials, it is possible to predict the maximum dynamic lift (MDL) of a worker and, thereby, simply employee screening and placement procedures for jobs requiring lifting. As demonstrated earlier in cases of isometric strengths, the GMDH can also be successfully used to predict dynamic strengths from body size measurements which are weakly correlated with human strengths, isometric or dynamic.
Spectral analysis of interpolation

Abstract Basic concepts of spectral analysis are applied to interpret interpolation, smoothing and parametric transformation based on uniform sampling, as different types of discrete convolution. Spectral properties of interpolation are then discussed with main emphasis on its linear least-squares version. This method is shown to be a close approximation to the interpolation with a low-pass filtering effect. An operator derived in a functional form performs direct least-squares interpolation avoiding the usual inversion of the convariance matrix. Finally, advantages of spectral analysis are demonstrated by examining the accuracy and stability of the procedure.
Agro-industrial conventions: some evidence from northern California's wine industry

Research into learning, innovation, and clustering suggests that local socioeconomic practices, or conventions, are critical to economic growth and regional development. Yet when it comes to the wine industry, explanations of economic success often focus on natural advantages. This article seeks to address this issue, presenting findings on the local practices of wine producers in northern California. The argument is that there are important local social and industrial linkages that bolster the competitiveness of California's wine industry and serve to upgrade production practices. This article highlights the career histories and perceptions of several key informants who are offered as exemplars of more commonly shared industrial experience and practice.
Variation of Antarctic Sea Ice: An Update

Abstract Analysis of Antarctic sea ice area for the period 1973 to the 30th week of 1982 showed that after a decrease from 1973 to 1980, the total sea ice area had increased. Sea ice area in the Atlantic sector decreased from 1973 to 1977, but increased afterward. Sea ice area in the Pacific and Indian Ocean sectors decreased from 1973 to 1980. By 1980, sea ice area anomalies in these ocean sectors have rebounded and increased to above average values by the end of 1981.
The effect of tenidap on the anti‐hypertensive efficacy of thiazide diuretics in patients treated for mild to moderate hypertension.

1. This randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel-group study was conducted to assess the effect of tenidap sodium 120 mg, a novel anti-arthritic cytokine modulating drug, on the hypotensive efficacy of the thiazide diuretics hydrochlorothiazide or bendrofluazide. 2. Twenty-three male and female patients, aged 41-78 years, with mild to moderate, uncomplicated, essential hypertension controlled with thiazide diuretic therapy, received either a single daily dose of tenidap sodium 120 mg or matched placebo for 22 days in addition to their diuretic therapy. Changes between baseline and endpoint in supine and standing systolic and diastolic pressures and pulse rate were compared between treatment groups. 3. Daily treatment with tenidap reduced the anti-hypertensive efficacy of the thiazide diuretics. Blood pressure tended to increase marginally and the increase in mean standing diastolic pressure observed with tenidap was significantly greater than the change in the placebo group. All pressures tended to decrease in the placebo group and all endpoint measurements were within 7 mm Hg of baseline in both groups. 4. Treatment-related side effects of mild to moderate severity were reported in two subjects receiving tenidap, but in neither case was treatment discontinued. Two subjects receiving placebo also experienced side effects considered to be treatment-related and both were withdrawn from the study. 5. The results of this study suggest that tenidap may be given to patients treated for mild to moderate essential hypertension controlled with thiazide therapy; however, the patient's blood pressure should be regularly monitored.
Controlled Formation of Nanostructures with Desired Geometries. 1. Robust Static Structures

An essential requirement for the fabrication of future electronic, magnetic, optical, and biologically based devices, composed of constituents at the nanometer length scale, is the precise position...
Novelties in Adenia (Passifloraceae): Four new species, a new combination, a vegetative key, and diagnostic characters for known Madagascan species

Four new species and one new combination ofAdenia are presented, along with a vegetative key and diagnostic characters of the Madagascan species. Additional notes are provided about unusual specimens and field observations.Adenia kigogoensis from Tanzania is shown to be distinct fromA. stenodactyla (its putative closest relative) andA. digitata based on anther connation and other floral traits. The remaining new taxa are from Madagascar.Adenia litoralis has been observed from one coastal locality in northern Madagascar. It is distinctive in fruit size and leaf form.Adenia metamorpha is the only Madagascan taxon with a narrow cylindrical trunk and large napiform tuber; it is also known from only one locality in Madagascar in the Ankarana Reserve.Adenia mcdadiana is a robust liana with highly reduced glands and leaves that appear to be neotenic compared to its closest putative relative,A. sphaerocarpa. Finally, the position ofA. stylosa has been clarified. This species was once treated asA. firingalavensis var.stylosa, and prior to that asA. epigea var.stylosa, but molecular and morphological data suggest it is separate from these species.
Malignant fibrous histiocytoma arising in a patient with multiple neurofibromatosis: a case report and a literature review.

A case report of a 56-year-old man with the characteristic clinical and histologic features of multiple neurofibromatosis is presented. This patient was also diagnosed as having a malignant fibrous histiocytoma involving the right thigh with metastasis to the lung. A definite association between Von Reckling-hausen's disease and various sarcomas (most commonly neurofibrosarcomas) of the peripheral nerves and the somatic soft tissues is well-known. This is apparently the first report in the literature of a malignant fibrous histiocytoma arising in a patient with multiple neurofibromatosis. The phenomenon of sarcomatous change in Von Recklinghausen's disease and the clinical and pathologic features of malignant fibrous histiocytoma are also discussed.
Lossless image compression using causal block matching and 3D collaborative filtering

Predictive coding has proven to be an effective method for lossless image compression. In predictive coding, untrans-mitted pixels are predicted based on the pixels already available at the decoder. Prediction errors are then compressed by entropy coding, and the original image can be reconstructed exactly at the decoder. More accurate prediction decreases the entropy of the prediction error, allowing for increased compression. Conventional image prediction methods rely on information from the immediate local neighborhood of each pixel. We introduce a novel predictor that leverages non-local structural similarities which have been shown to be effective in image denoising and deblurring applications. Experimental results show that the proposed method achieves state-of-the-art compression performance.
Conservation in human and mouse Purα of a motif common to several proteins involved in initiation of DNA replication

Abstract Purα is a sequence-specific single-stranded DNA-binding protein with affinity for an element present in several eukaryotic origins of DNA replication ( ori ) and gene regulatory regions. We report here the cDNA sequence for mouse pur α and an extraordinary degree of conservation between human and mouse Pura (hPurA and mPurA, respectively). There are only two single-amino-acid (aa) changes between hPurA (322 aa) and mPurA (321 aa). One PurA region of 22 aa, termed the ‘psycho’ motif, possesses significant homology to a counterpart in the SV40 large T-antigen, to several other transforming proteins of DNA tumor viruses, and to certain cellular proteins in yeast and human cells that may also be involved in the initiation of DNA replication.
The role of structured water in mediating general anesthetic action on α4β2 nAChR

Water is an essential component for many biological processes. Pauling proposed that water might play a critical role in general anesthesia by forming water clathrates around anesthetic molecules. To examine potential involvement of water in general anesthesia, we analyzed water within α4β2 nAChR, a putative protein target hypersensitive to volatile anesthetics. Experimental structure-derived closed- and open-channel nAChR systems in a fully hydrated lipid bilayer were examined using all-atom molecular dynamics simulations. At the majority of binding sites in α4β2 nAChR, halothane replaced the slow-exchanging water molecules and caused a regional water population decrease. Only two binding sites had an increased quantity of water in the presence of halothane, where water arrangements resemble clathrate-like structures. The small number of such clathrate-like water clusters suggests that the formation of water clathrates is unlikely to be a primary cause for anesthesia. Despite the decrease in water population at most of the halothane binding sites, the number of sites that can be occupied transiently by water is actually increased in the presence of halothane. Many of these water sites were located between two subunits or in regions containing agonist binding sites or critical structural elements for transducing agonist binding to channel gating. Changes in water sites in the presence of halothane affected water-mediated protein-protein interactions and the protein dynamics, which can have direct impact on protein function. Collectively, water contributes to the action of anesthetics in proteins by mediating interactions between protein subunits and altering protein dynamics, instead of forming water clathrates around anesthetics.
Cerebral Metabolic Intermediate Response following Severe Canine Intrauterine Growth Retardation

ABSTRACT. The effect of intrauterine growth retardation and neonatal hypoglycemia on cerebral metabolic intermediates were determined in newborn dogs subjected to 5 days of maternal canine starvation (MCS) before birth. Birth weight was reduced 23% (232 ± 6 versus 300 ± 10 g). Circulating blood glucose was reduced after 3 h of neonatal fasting in MCS pups (2.7 ± 0.4 ± versus 5.7 ± 1.1 mM). Cerebral cortical levels of glucose were also reduced at this time. Cerebral glucose-6-phosphate was not altered; nonetheless fructose-6-phosphate was lower in MCS pups at 6 and 9 h, while fructose 1,6-diphosphate appeared elevated at 3 h. These data suggest that cerebral glycolytic activity may be increased by increased activity of phosphofructokinase. Cerebral glutamine appeared reduced in fasting MCS pups at 3, 6, and 8 h of age. A considerable disturbance of the adenine nucleotide pool was noted between 3–9 h in MCS pups; while the cerebral energy reserve was diminished in MCS pups between 3–24 h. The data of reduced cerebral energy status and reserve suggest that cerebral energy production was diminished. Although glucose levels were low at 3 h, subsequent recovery was not immediate as adenine-nucleotides remained low beyond the period of hypoglycemia. The combined effects of intrauterine growth retardation and transient neonatal hypoglycemia appear to result in reduced cerebral oxidative metabolism; this occurs despite an apparent enhanced utilization of alternate fuels.