cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A discussion of Hunter and Sparks (Contrib Mineral Petrol 95:451–461)

Silica-poor, iron-rich liquids like those estimated for Skaergaard by Wager and Brown are preserved in Labrador as chilled pillows. Iron-rich rocks in the Kiglapait Intrusion have likewise been produced by liquids poor in silica. There is no reason to expect such liquids in volcanoes, so their absence as lavas means nothing about their possible plutonic occurrence. Successful tests of the siliceous liquid hypothesis would include showing that the proposed rhyolitic liquids can produce the observed olivines in the range Fo 10–40. They would require showing that the observed low-f O 2 oxide mineral assemblages can occur at the high silica contents proposed, and that the silicate mineral assemblages and compositions can represent high-silica liquids. I doubt very much that these critical tests can be met.
Alkali metal clusters and the jellium model

Abstract The application of the jellium model and the resulting quantum shell structure for metal clusters is examined in the light of theoretical calculations and experimental observations. Objections to the jellium model by Kappes, Schar, Radi and Schumacher appear to be based on misunderstandings of the model and on inadequate experiments.
Ratio Factors to Estimate 305-Day Production from Lactation Records in Progress

Abstract Complete lactation records for 24,602 Holsteins, 4,309 Guernseys, 1,878 Jerseys, and 892 Brown Swiss were used to develop ratios to extend milk and fat records to 305 days. Breed, age, and season of freshening influenced the relationship between total and part production sufficiently to require adjustment in extending records in progress. Separate factors should be used for milk and fat records. To remove adequately the effects of age, different factors for milk are needed for cows calving before 36 months of age and for those 36 months and older, while separate factors are needed for fat records initiated at less than 36 months, 36–47 months, and 48 months and older. The effects of season of freshening can be counteracted by factors for records started during a four-month spring and summer period apart from those for the other eight months. The months in the seasons differ between milk and fat records. Ratio factors for separately extending milk and fat records from each of ten monthly test days and from cumulative test-day production are presented for different ages and seasons of freshening for each of the four breeds.
Co-stimulation with TNF receptor superfamily 4/25 antibodies enhances in-vivo expansion of CD4 + CD25 + Foxp3+ T cells (Tregs) in a mouse study for active DNA Aβ42 immunotherapy

Abstract The study was designed to test DNA Aβ42 immunization in mice as alternative approach for possible active immunotherapy in Alzheimer patients. As results, we found polarized Th2 immune responses, efficient Aβ42 antibody levels, and disappearance of antigen specific T cells. In-vivo TNFRSF4/25 antibody co-stimulation enhanced Aβ42 specific T cell responses with initial Th2 expansion and subsequent development of Aβ42 specific CD4 + CD25 + Foxp3 + cells. It showed that Th2 biased responses due to gene gun immunizations propagate the development of regulatory T cells. In conclusion, full-length DNA Aβ42 immunization into skin results in a regulatory response with minimal risk of inflammation and autoimmunity.
A microfluidic reciprocating intracochlear drug delivery system with reservoir and active dose control

Reciprocating microfluidic drug delivery, as compared to steady or pulsed infusion, has unique features which may be advantageous in many therapeutic applications. We have previously described a device, designed for wearable use in small animal models, that periodically infuses and then withdraws a sub-microliter volume of drug solution to and from the endogenous fluid of the inner ear. This delivery approach results in zero net volume of liquid transfer while enabling mass transport of compounds to the cochlea by means of diffusion and mixing. We report here on an advanced wearable delivery system aimed at further miniaturization and complex dosing protocols. Enhancements to the system include the incorporation of a planar micropump to generate reciprocating flow and a novel drug reservoir that maintains zero net volume delivery and permits programmable modulation of the drug concentration in the infused bolus. The reciprocating pump is fabricated from laminated polymer films and employs a miniature electromagnetic actuator to meet the size and weight requirements of a head-mounted in vivo guinea pig testing system. The reservoir comprises a long microchannel in series with a micropump, connected in parallel with the reciprocating flow network. We characterized in vitro the response and repeatability of the planar pump and compared the results with a lumped element simulation. We also characterized the performance of the reservoir, including repeatability of dosing and range of dose modulation. Acute in vivo experiments were performed in which the reciprocating pump was used to deliver a test compound to the cochlea of anesthetized guinea pigs to evaluate short-term safety and efficacy of the system. These advances are key steps toward realization of an implantable device for long-term therapeutic applications in humans.
A Simple Spectroscopic Method for Differentiating Cellular Uptakes of Gold Nanospheres and Nanorods from Their Mixtures

This paper presents a simple spectroscopic method for differentiating cellular uptakes of two different types of Au nanostructures (i.e., nanospheres and nanorods) when they are supplied as a mixture. Because Au nanospheres and nanorods have distinctive surface plasmon resonance peaks, we can simultaneously measure their concentrations in a culture mediumbyUV-Vis spectroscopy. For the uptake of Au nanostructures by SK-BR-3 breast cancer cells, we found that the surface functional group had a stronger influence than the shape. We also found that the cellular uptake of one type of Au nanostructure could be affected bythe presence of another type of nanostructure in the medium. This study not only suggests a simple way to compare the cellular uptakes of more than one type of Au nanostructures without incubating them separately but also allows one to investigate the influence of one type of Au nanostructures on the uptake of another type.
Propagation of magnetic charge monopoles and Dirac flux strings in an artificial spin-ice lattice

We systematically investigate magnetic reversal of permalloy islands in a square spin-ice geometry with in situ Lorentz microscopy. Differential phase imaging reveals the presence of a flux channel similar to a Dirac string between the magnetic charge monopoles during the reversal. Analysis of the phase images shows that positively and negatively charged monopoles always move together with the flux channel. Statistical analysis of monopole populations and system correlations shows the emergence of a highly frustrated state for low magnetizations. This state is explained by a strong influence of charge ordering, which limits monopole densities.
Some Comments on the Nature and Use of the Concept of Psyche in Psychoanalysis and Psychodynamic Psychotherapy

The term psyche is central to the field of mental health and dysfunction. And yet the term is seldom talked about directly, and is seldom elaborated by the professionals who function under its rubric. This article elaborates this term, and sets forth a definition for the purposes of psychology and psychodynamics as science in the sense of the establishment of psychological knowledge. Psyche is defined in this article as a hypothetical construct, as outlined in the classic article in the theory of psychological science by MacCorquodale and Meehl (1948). Psyche is to be distinguished from the concept of mind, which is identified here as a strictly phenomenological (subjective) concept. Use of psyche in this way allows it to be utilized in descriptions of its dynamics (psychodynamics), as a central concept in a science which utilizes phenomenological (subjective rather than objective) data.
Navigation in GPS-denied environments

The Theater Positioning System (TPS), which can perform in GPS-denied environments and can work with, or independently of, GPS systems, is used as a backup to GPS in military. The principal difficulty in optimally combining this new system and GPS is caused by the somewhat unpredictable signal propagation of the TPS groundwave signal and thus results in less accurate performance when TPS works unaided in the environment while GPS is unavailable. A new navigation scheme that can provide an accurate position estimation for the GPS-denied user is developed. The scheme adopts a state-space model which is represented by stochastic differential equations (SDEs) and is used to predict the those propagation disturbances. We also propose a stochastic approximation method to solve the pseudorange equations which does not require prior knowledge of the noise covariance matrices. A numerical example is provided and compared to illustrate the performance of the methods proposed in this paper.
DIGITAL RADIOGRAPHY: IMAGE QUALITY AND RADIATION DOSE

Abstract—Digital radiography devices, rapidly replacing analog screen-film detectors, are now common in diagnostic radiological imaging, where implementation has been accelerated by the commodity status of electronic imaging and display systems. The shift from narrow latitude, fixed-speed screen-fil
Photoluminescence study of suspended MQW structures for laser refrigeration purposes

Suspended semiconductor structures with high thermal isolation provide high temperature sensitivity of the dissipated thermal power. Therefore they can be used to obtain essential information about the underlying mechanisms of anti-Stokes laser cooling. Here, we experimentally investigate the electron-hole pair recombination processes in suspended and non-suspended MQW structures from 77 K up to room temperature. Excitation dependent and time-resolved micro-photoluminescence measurements have been used to conduct this study. To include the effects of lateral carrier diffusion, we preformed finite-element time-resolved analysis of carrier recombination and diffusion and thermal transients. The potential of these structures for laser cooling purposes is discussed.
Effects of Power-Line Maintenance on Forest Structure in a Fragmented Urban Forest, Raleigh, NC

Abstract With the increase in urban development, forest fragments are becoming more prevalent. In urban areas, there is a tendency to hide power-lines within or on the edges of these fragmented forests; however, it is unknown how the maintenance of vegetation under and along power-lines impacts the forest composition and structure of an adjacent fragmented, urban forest. An urban, fragmented maple-oak-hickory forest is located on the Meredith College campus, Raleigh, NC. A 1-ha plot with a hundred 10- × 10-m subplots was established in 2007 to initiate a long-term project supporting undergraduate research. An adjacent meadow is cut and maintained regularly up to the forest and plot edge for power-line clearance and access. We identified, tagged, and measured all of the trees with a diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥ 5 cm in this permanent plot, and compared the tree species richness (S), Shannon-Weiner diversity index (H), Sorenson's similarity index (Ss ), DBH, stem density, and basal area along the 100-m...
Partially sparse imaging of stationary indoor scenes

In this paper, we exploit the notion of partial sparsity for scene reconstruction associated with through-the-wall radar imaging of stationary targets under reduced data volume. Partial sparsity implies that the scene being imaged consists of a sparse part and a dense part, with the support of the latter assumed to be known. For the problem at hand, sparsity is represented by a few stationary indoor targets, whereas the high scene density is defined by exterior and interior walls. Prior knowledge of wall positions and extent may be available either through building blueprints or from prior surveillance operations. The contributions of the exterior and interior walls are removed from the data through the use of projection matrices, which are determined from wall- and corner-specific dictionaries. The projected data, with enhanced sparsity, is then processed using l1 norm reconstruction techniques. Numerical electromagnetic data is used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach for imaging stationary indoor scenes using a reduced set of measurements.
Gold-plating of Mylar lift films to capitalize on surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy for chemical extraction of drug residues

Abstract The method of residue extraction through electrostatic lifting provides a distinctive mode of performing ultra-trace analysis. These lifts provide a medium for analyte extraction via nanomanipulation-coupled to nanospray ionization–mass spectrometry (NSI–MS). This method of extraction can be coupled to Raman spectroscopy for supplemental verification of analytes using surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). The gold surface used for SERS provides an enhanced effect on peak signal intensity allowing ultra-trace amounts to be detected more effectively. The aim of this research is to utilize gold-coated films with electrostatic lifting in order to collect latent materials and analyze chemicals of interest contained in them via SERS.
SEPIA: estimating selectivities of approximate string predicates in large Databases

Many database applications have the emerging need to support approximate queries that ask for strings that are similar to a given string, such as "name similar to smith" and "telephone number similar to 412-0964". Query optimization needs the selectivity of such an approximate predicate, i.e., the fraction of records in the database that satisfy the condition. In this paper, we study the problem of estimating selectivities of approximate string predicates. We develop a novel technique, called Sepia, to solve the problem. Given a bag of strings, our technique groups the strings into clusters, builds a histogram structure for each cluster, and constructs a global histogram. It is based on the following intuition: given a query string q, a preselected string p in a cluster, and a string s in the cluster, based on the proximity between q and p, and the proximity between p and s, we can obtain a probability distribution from a global histogram about the similarity between q and s. We give a full specification of the technique using the edit distance metric. We study challenges in adopting this technique, including how to construct the histogram structures, how to use them to do selectivity estimation, and how to alleviate the effect of non-uniform errors in the estimation. We discuss how to extend the techniques to other similarity functions. Our extensive experiments on real data sets show that this technique can accurately estimate selectivities of approximate string predicates.
ADOLESCENT GIRLS' COGNITIVE APPRAISALS OF COPING RESPONSES TO SEXUAL HARASSMENT

Peer sexual harassment is a stressor for many girls in middle and high school. Prior research indicates that approach strategies (seeking support or confronting) are generally more effective than avoidance strategies in alleviating stress. However, the deployment of effective coping behaviors depends partly on how individuals evaluate different options (i.e., cognitive appraisal). The present study tested sociocultural (ethnicity, parents’ education), interpersonal (perceived support from peers, mother, and father), developmental (age, perspective taking), and individual (self-esteem, feminist self-identification) factors as predictors of girls’ cognitive appraisals of coping responses to sexual harassment. The sample comprised 304 girls (M age = 15.5 years, range = 14 to 18 years) from diverse socioeconomic and ethnic backgrounds who reported having previously experienced sexual harassment (e.g., unwanted sexual comments or actions). Cognitive appraisals of coping were based on the reported likelihood of confronting, seeking help, or using avoidance in response to sexual harassment. Regression analyses indicated that feminist identity, self-esteem, perspective taking, perceived support, and parents’ education were variously related to appraisals of different responses.
Autonomous development of a grounded object ontology by a learning robot

We describe how a physical robot can learn about objects from its own autonomous experience in the continuous world. The robot identifies statistical regularities that allow it to represent a physical object with a cluster of sensations that violate a static world model, track that cluster over time, extract percepts from that cluster, form concepts from similar percepts, and learn reliable actions that can be applied to objects. We present a formalism for representing the ontology for objects and actions, a learning algorithm, and the results of an evaluation with a physical robot.
Dates and Date Pits as Ingredients in Broiler Starting and Coturnix Quail Breeder Diets

Abstract Two broiler growth and two quail breeder studies were conducted to evaluate the dietary potential of dates, date meat, and date pits. The test ingredients were incorporated in broiler starting diets at levels ranging from 8 to 43% dates, 16 to 43% date meat, and 5 to 27% date pits. The quail breeder diet had ingredient ranges of 10 to 30% dates, 8 to 24% date meat, and 5 to 15% date pits. The date ingredient diets supported broiler weights and feed conversions comparable to or better than the control diet. Quail breeder feed consumption decreased at the 30% date level; however in the second trial 24% dates supported normal intake. Egg production and egg weight on all date and date part diets were equal to those of the control.
Evolution and Development of Dual Ingestion Systems in Mammals: Notes on a New Thesis and Its Clinical Implications

Traditionally, the development of oral feeding is viewed as a continuous, unitary process in which reflex-dominated sucking behavior gives rise to a more varied and volitional feeding behavior. In contrast, we consider the thesis that the infant develops two separable ingestive systems, one for suckling and one for feeding. First, we apply an evolutionary perspective, recognizing that suckling-feeding is a universal, mammalian developmental sequence. We find that in mammalian evolution, feeding systems in offspring were established prior to the evolution of lactation, and therefore suckling is a separable feature that was added to feeding. We next review an experimental literature that characterizes suckling and feeding as separable in terms of their topography, sensory controls, physiological controls, neural substrates, and experience-based development. Together, these considerations constitute a view of “dual ingestive systems.” The thesis, then, is that suckling is not a simple precursor of feeding but is a complete behavior that emerges, forms, and then undergoes a dissolution that overlaps with the emergence of independent feeding. This thesis guides us to focus differently on the challenges of properly managing and facilitating oral ingestion in infants, especially those born preterm, prior to the developmental onset of suckling.
Analysis of recombinant human erythropoietin and darbepoietin in spiked plasma

Darbepoietin (DAR) and recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) stimulate erythropoiesis, leading to an increase in red blood cells. Along with their legitimate clinical use, rhEPO and DAR are also misused in racing horses for performance enhancement. To control the illegal use of DAR and rhEPO, it is important to develop analytical methods for the detection and confirmation of these proteins in plasma. Analysis of rhEPO and DAR in plasma is challenging due to the presence of a number of high abundance proteins including albumin that interferes with their extraction. The present study showed that the extraction of rhEPO or DAR from plasma using anti-EPO-antibody coupled immunoaffinity (IA) extraction yielded low (25-40%) recovery. Albumin-depletion using antialbumin-antibody coupled IA columns also depleted the target proteins and further reduced their recovery. Pre-extraction of spiked plasma using hydroxyapatite (HTP)-ProGel or ConA columns followed by the IA column yielded 65 to 70% recovery. The extracted samples were (i) analyzed directly with or without SDS-PAGE for intact proteins and (ii) analyzed after trypsin hydrolysis, with or without SDS-PAGE, for peptide fingerprinting using MALDI-TOF. Trypsin and enolase were used as internal calibrators for intact protein analysis and a peptide EYEATLEECCAK was used as internal calibrator for fragment analysis. Analysis of extracted sample without SDS-PAGE yielded, along with the target proteins (rhEPO and DAR), albumin and other related proteins. SDS-PAGE separated the target proteins with albumin and yielded clean samples. Inclusion of internal calibrators resulted in a linear dose-response relationship for both intact protein and digested fragments and allowed quantification of the target peptides. Thus, extraction of plasma using a combination of ConA and IA extractions yielded approximately 70% recovery of target proteins with a small amount of albumin and other proteins. SDS-PAGE improved the quality of the MALDI-TOF results. Minimum detection limits for digested fragments were lower than those for intact proteins.
The pedagogic and technological evolution of a Manufacturing Systems Engineering (MSE) graduate program

Graduate programs for a cross-disciplinary MS degree in manufacturing systems engineering are in their twenty-fifth year since being stimulated by an innovative request for proposals (RFP) by the IBM Corporation. The RFP called for solutions to perceived gaps in engineering education. There is a continuing need for engineering professionals to gain appreciation of business issues, the importance of interpersonal communication, teamwork, information technologies and globalization. The Lehigh program, one of the five US proposals funded, has evolved both pedagogically and technologically since welcoming the first students in January, 1984. The program has migrated from dealing with twenty to thirty full-time on-campus students sent by their industry employers to catering for similar numbers of partial-release students and in the last decade to students that participate remotely. Classes are delivered by satellite and are available on-line; students employ a psilaphone bridge to join dasialivepsila classroom discussions and to support their own presentations or those of their team colleagues. Digitized videos of class proceedings are available on customized Blackboardtrade sites. Blogs, discussion board assignments and analysis of leading-edge technical releases empower the students of this dasiaclassroom factorypsila as they undertake research and share their industry experiences.
cAMP-dependent Negative Regulation of Rat Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Class 3 Gene Expression*

We investigated the inhibitory effects of intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels in regulating class 3 aldehyde dehydrogenase (aldh3) gene expression using cultures of primary rat hepatocytes and transient transfection experiments with HepG2 cells. In addition to regulation by an Ah receptor-dependent mechanism, expression of many members of the Ah gene battery have been shown to be negatively regulated. As was seen for the cytochrome P450 (cyp1A1) gene, aldh3 is transcriptionally inducible by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), and this induction involving function of the arylhydrocarbon (Ah) receptor is inhibited by the protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitors, 1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine di-HCl (H7) and staurosporine. However, PAH induction of ALDH-3 activity, protein, and mRNA was potentiated 2-4-fold by addition of the protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitors, N-(2-(methylamino)ethyl)-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide di-HCl (H8) and N-(2-guanidinoethyl)-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide HCl (HA1004). These PKA inhibitors had no effect on the PAH induction of the cyp1A1. Protein kinase A activity of cultured hepatocytes was specifically inhibited by H8 and HA1004 in a concentration-dependent manner, but not by H7, and there was an inverse correlation observed between potentiation of PAH-induced aldh3 gene expression and inhibition of specific PKA activity by the PKA inhibitors. The cAMP analog dibutyryl cAMP, the adenylate cyclase activator forskolin, and the protein phosphatase 1 and 2A inhibitor okadaic acid all dramatically inhibited both PAH induction and H8 potentiation of PAH induction of aldh3 expression but had no effect on induction of cyp1A1 expression in cultured hepatocytes. Both basal and PAH-dependent expression of a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase expression plasmid containing approximately 3.5 kilobase pairs of the 5'-flanking region of aldh3 (pALDH3.5CAT) were enhanced 3-4-fold by the PKA inhibitor H8 but not by the PKC inhibitor H7 (>20 microM). cAMP analogs, activators of PKA activity, or protein phosphatase inhibitors diminished expression of the reporter gene in a manner identical to the native gene in cultured rat hepatocytes. Using deletion analysis of the pALDH3.5CAT construct, we demonstrated the existence of a negative regulatory region in the 5'-flanking region between -1057 and -991 base pairs which appears to be responsible for the cAMP-dependent regulation of this gene under both basal and PAH-induced conditions. At least two apparently independent mechanisms which involve protein phosphorylation regulate aldh3 expression. One involves function of the Ah receptor which requires PKC protein phosphorylation to positively regulate both aldh3 and cyp1A1 gene expression and the other a cAMP-responsive process which allows PKA activity to negatively regulate expression of aldh3 under either basal or inducible conditions.
Molecular radiator reorientation collision kernels from Stark sublevel photon echoes

Radiator reorientation kernels are measured in Stark-tunable infrared transitions of 13CH3F. The dominant (ΔM = 1) kernel is obtained by a scale transformation from the shape of a two-pulse photon-echo intensity versus Stark voltage curve, at fixed large echo time delay. The quantum-mechanical transport equation in the presence of coherence M transfer and a dc electric field is reviewed, and the applications of photon echoes in a tunable Stark field to measure reorientation collision kernels are discussed.
Comprehensive mutagenesis of HIV-1 protease: a computational geometry approach.

Abstract A computational geometry technique based on Delaunay tessellation of protein structure, represented by C α atoms, is used to study effects of single residue mutations on sequence–structure compatibility in HIV-1 protease. Profiles of residue scores derived from the four-body statistical potential are constructed for all 1881 mutants of the HIV-1 protease monomer and compared with the profile of the wild-type protein. The profiles for an isolated monomer of HIV-1 protease and the identical monomer in a dimeric state with an inhibitor are analyzed to elucidate changes to structural stability. Protease residues shown to undergo the greatest impact are those forming the dimer interface and flap region, as well as those known to be involved in inhibitor binding.
Current Literature Summary

Evidence-based practice collectively involves research evidence, clinician expertise, and patient preference while making health care decisions. Due to health care reform legislation, there is grea...
Employing Bureaucracy: Managers, Unions, and the Transformation of Work in the 20th Century (revised edition)

The article reviews the book ‘Employing Bureaucracy: Managers, Unions, and the Transformation of Work in the 20th Century,’ revised edition, by Sanford M. Jacoby.
Non-volatile Clocked Spin Wave Interconnect for Beyond-CMOS Nanomagnet Pipelines

The possibility of using spin waves for information transmission and processing has been an area of active research due to the unique ability to manipulate the amplitude and phase of the spin waves for building complex logic circuits with less physical resources and low power consumption. Previous proposals on spin wave logic circuits have suggested the idea of utilizing the magneto-electric effect for spin wave amplification and amplitude- or phase-dependent switching of magneto-electric cells. Here, we propose a comprehensive scheme for building a clocked non-volatile spin wave device by introducing a charge-to-spin converter that translates information from electrical domain to spin domain, magneto-electric spin wave repeaters that operate in three different regimes - spin wave transmitter, non-volatile memory and spin wave detector, and a novel clocking scheme that ensures sequential transmission of information and non-reciprocity. The proposed device satisfies the five essential requirements for logic application: nonlinearity, amplification, concatenability, feedback prevention, and complete set of Boolean operations.
Abstract 2430: Aromatase expression inhibits anoikis and promotes bone metastasis of ERα positive breast cancer cells

Aromatase is the rate-limiting enzyme that catalyzes the final step in estrogen biosynthesis. In postmenopausal women the ovary ceases to make estrogen. Although it has been shown that estrogen is produced locally in breast cancer (BCa) tissue of postmenopausal women for the proliferation and survival of ERα (+) BCa cells, there is little information on the role and the regulation of aromatase in breast cancer cells for their survival when they intravasate into the circulation where estrogen level is very low. Human breast cancer CAMA-1 cell along with aromatase-transfected MCF-7 (MCF-7/Aro) and ZR-75-1 (ZR-75-1/Aro/CL10) cells were cultured in suspension to mimic circulating tumor cells. Interestingly, all the three ERα(+) BCa cell lines expressed more aromatase in suspension culture compare to the adhesion culture. Moreover both endogenous and transfected aromatase were upregulated in suspension culture. Additionally, a higher expression of ERα was also observed in suspension culture, which could increase the sensitivity of the breast caner cells to intracrine estrogen. We found that anoikis was shown to be inhibited by the supplementation of testosterone, which is converted to estradiol by aromatase. Conversely, addition of the aromatase inhibitor letrozole blocked the testosterone-induced anoikis inhibition. The increase of pro-apoptotic protein BAX and BAD were observed in suspension culture, while the treatment of estrogen inhibited the expression of BAX and BAD in both adhesion culture and suspension culture. More interestingly, mice with intracardiacally inoculated ZR-75-1/Aro cells presented distant bone metastasis in the mandible and tibiae/femora after 2-weeks of inoculation without estrogen supplement, while the control ZR-75-1 cells were incapable of forming metastasis without estrogen. Our findings provide an important foundation for future investigation on how hormone-dependent BCa cells survive in circulation during the process of metastasis. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2430. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2430
Hierarchy and health: Physiological effects of interpersonal experiences associated with socioeconomic position.

Objective The inverse association between socioeconomic position (SEP) and cardiovascular disease may involve social psychophysiological processes. To test effects of aspects of SEP on physiological reactivity, we experimentally manipulated 3 features of social context related to social hierarchy-social rank or status relative to an interaction partner, the partner's degree of dominant behavior, and the presence of social-evaluative threat. Method The study design was a 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 (Participant Relative Status [high vs. low] × Partner Dominance [high vs. low] × Evaluative Threat [high vs. low] × Sex [male vs. female]) factorial, and 180 undergraduates participated. Cardiovascular and salivary cortisol responses were measured while participants engaged in a controlled interaction task with a prerecorded confederate partner. Results Lower participant relative status resulted in greater increases in systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). Interacting with a more dominant partner resulted in greater increases in SBP and heart rate (HR), and larger changes in cardiac sympathetic and parasympathetic activation. Higher levels of social-evaluative threat evoked larger increases in HR and SBP. In some cases, these effects were stronger in men than in women, and aspects of the low status social context had synergistic effects on some physiological outcomes. Conclusion Interpersonal interactions and experiences may contribute to the association between SEP and cardiovascular health through the mechanism of physiological activation. Recurring patterns of everyday social experiences and their physiological effects may be a pathway linking the broader social context to cardiovascular disease. (PsycINFO Database Record
P91 Post-infective obliterative bronchiolitis acquired beyond the first 3 years of life

Introduction Obliterative bronchiolitis (OB) is a rare form of chronic obstructive lung disease that follows a severe insult to the lower respiratory tract, resulting in fibrosis of the small airways. In the non-transplant paediatric population, adenovirus infection is the most common cause. The initial infective insult occurs in the early years and the diagnosis requires a history of acute severe bronchiolitis/viral pneumonia in previously healthy children in the first 3 years of life. Though there has been a case report of post-infectious OB in an adult female, 1 to our knowledge, there are no published cases in children acquired after 3 years of age. Aim We describe two previously healthy older boys with normal immunological investigations who developed post-infectious OB. Cases The first patient had severe adenovirus pneumonia aged 7, requiring ventilation, oxygen and bronchodilator therapy. In view of atopic background (nut allergy and paternal asthma) inhaled corticosteroids were initiated at discharge. A year later he presented with productive cough, debilitating shortness of breath on exertion, moderately reduced PEFR but no wheeze. He did not respond to Amoxicillin or step-up asthma treatments. CXR and exercise test were normal and pulmonary function tests (PFT) did not show evidence of reversibility. A mixed growth of typical respiratory pathogens were isolated in sputum and treated with prolonged oral antibiotic course. High resolution chest CT (HRCT) showed air trapping in the right upper lobe consistent with OB. The second patient developed severe mixed mycoplasma and adenovirus pneumonia aged 3.5, followed by persistent left lower lobe collapse and wet cough requiring intravenous antibiotics and physiotherapy. His left lower lobe re-expanded, but his HRCT revealed air trapping consistent with OB. He continued to have intermittent chest infections with various typical respiratory pathogens isolated in sputum requiring oral and intravenous antibiotics. His PFTs are stable with moderately reduced FEV1/FVC. Both patients are maintained on regular chest physiotherapy and intermittent antibiotics. Conclusion Post-infectious OB can develop in healthy children older than 3 years. Reference 1 Marinopoulos GC, Huddle KR, Wainwright H. Obliterative bronchiolitis: virus induced? Chest 1991; 99 (1):243–5
Conjugated Linoleic Acid: An Anticarcinogenic Nutrient

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) refers to a series of 9,11- and 10,12-conjugated dienoic isomers of linoleic acid. CLA is produced from linoleic acid by certain intestinal bacteria, and thus it is found in animal-based foods, principally foods derived from ruminant animals (e.g., dairy products and beef). CLA appears to regulate energy metabolism and the retention of body fat and protein. Through this mechanism CLA appears to induce a number of positive effects including reduced cancer risk, improved growth of young animals, and enhanced immune function.
It takes a team: reflections on insecticide discoveries, toxicological problems and enjoying the unexpected

Absorption/distribution/metabolism/excretion (ADME)-related studies are mandatory in agrochemical development/registration, but can also play a valuable role in the discovery process. In combination with target-site potency, bioavailability/ADME characteristics determine agrochemical bioactivity and selectivity, and these concerns can dictate the fate of a discovery lead area. Bioavailability/ADME research was critical to the eventual commercialization of three different insecticide chemistries examined in this paper. In one situation, improved systemicity in anthranilic diamides was required to expand pest spectrum. In another, ADME tools were needed to improve the selective toxicity and non-target safety of sodium channel blocker insecticides. Finally, differential ADME characteristics of two classes of hormone agonists dictated differential insecticidal activity, and were useful in optimizing the dibenzoylhydrazine ecdysone agonists. ADME discovery research will help companies to advance novel, efficacious and selective agrochemicals, but organizational patience and a desire to understand lead areas in depth are required. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
Decreases in concentrations of the nicotinamide coenzymes in the livers of fasting pregnant sheep and of field cases of pregnancy toxaemia.

SUMMARY Nicotinamide coenzyme concentrations were estimated fluorimetrically in livers from 6 normally-fed pregnant sheep, 7 experimentally-fasted hypoglycaemic ketotic sheep, and 7 field cases of pregnancy toxaemia. Statistically significant decreases were found in NAD in both the fasted (P
Massive Inguinoscrotal Bladder Herniation

AbstractBladder herniation extending into the scrotum is extremely rare. A case of large bilateral inguinoscrotal hernias and associated massive herniation of the bladder in the left side of the scrotum is presented.
Introducing Critical Nutrition: A Special Issue on Dietary Advice and Its Discontents

This introduces a special issue on “Critical Nutrition” in which multiple authors weigh in on various themes related to the origins, character, and consequences of contemporary American nutrition discourses and practices, as well as how nutrition might be known and done differently. In this introduction the author defines critical nutrition and dietetics in relation to hegemonic nutrition. She also emphasizes the popularization of expert knowledge and how that is contributing to contemporary food anxieties.
Aluminum and the Blood-Brain Barrier

Aluminum may contribute to Alzheimer’s disease by increasing brain aluminum, however elevated brain aluminum has not been consistently found in Alzheimer’s disease. Brain aluminum entry from the nasal cavity is probably not significant. Most brain aluminum entry is probably through the Blood–Brain barrier by transferrin-receptor mediated endocytosis and transporter-mediated processes. There appears to be transporter-mediated brain aluminum efflux. Some aluminum persists in the brain for a very long time, suggesting elevated brain aluminum might result in later life from dietary aluminum. Blood–Brain barrier permeability does not appear to be compromised in Alzheimer’s disease or produced by aluminum under conditions relevant to the human. Studies assessing the ability of aluminum to alter Blood–Brain barrier function do not convincingly relate to the human.
A hybrid DFT-LDPC framework for fast, efficient and robust compressive sensing

We use a hybrid mix of the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT), an old workhorse in digital signal processing, and Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) codes, a recent workhorse in coding theory, to generate a linear measurement lens through which to perform compressive sensing (CS) of sparse high-dimensional signals. This novel hybrid DFT-LDPC framework represents a new family of sparse measurement matrices, and induces a fast algorithm (dubbed the Short-and-Wide Iterative Fast Transform based or SWIFT algorithm) for robustly recovering a high-dimensional k-sparse signal x, in Cn, from a near-optimal (upto a small constant multiple of k) number of linear observations, with a decoding complexity of k steps, under high signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR). A key attribute of our sensing framework and the SWIFT recovery algorithm is that both the sensing efficiency (number of measurements) and the recovery efficiency (decoding complexity) are independent of the ambient signal dimension n for the noiseless and high-SNR noisy regimes, which is particularly attractive when k << n. This contrasts existing solutions1 in the CS literature based on the class of Linear Programming (LP)-based optimization techniques and the class of expander graph based greedy-pursuit (sketching) algorithms; for both these classes, both the number of measurements and the decoding complexity depend explicitly on the ambient signal dimension n, even for the noiseless and high-SNR regimes. We provide both an explicit constructions of the DFT-LDPC based matrix framework and an analytical characterization of the SWIFT recovery algorithm. Although our analytical characterization is for asymptotic values of k, n and for high SNR regime, our simulation results validate the efficiency of the SWIFT algorithm even for the low-to-moderate SNR regimes and modest problem dimensions (e.g., k = 250 and n = 20000), beyond what we can currently prove analytically.
Magnetic resonance imaging of disease progression and resolution in a transgenic mouse model of pulmonary fibrosis.

Pulmonary fibrosis contributes to morbidity and mortality in a range of diseases, and there are no approved therapies for reversing its progression. To understand the mechanisms underlying pulmonar...
Exploring the Functional and Structural Impact of Disease-Associated Mutants of Tau

Tau is an intrinsically disordered microtubule associated protein, whose pathological self-association is linked to several tauopathies, including Alzheimer's disease. A number of lines of evidence support tau aggregation as well as loss of its native interactions with microtubules (MTs) as contributing to pathology. Prior work from our lab showed that both disease-relevant as well as designed point mutations to tau's microtubule binding region (MTBR) enhance binding of tau to soluble tubulin. This observation indicates the mechanism of MT destabilization in disease may arise, in part, from an altered distribution of tubulin- and microtubule-bound tau. Here we determine whether the increase in affinity observed previously generally holds for disease-relevant tau mutants. Specifically, we characterize variants within all four repeats in the MTBR and at both N- (R5L and R5H) and C-termini (R406W). To investigate this, we used fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) to quantify the binding of tau variants to soluble tubulin. Changes in the affinity and function were correlated with the topological features of each tau mutant in solution or upon interaction with soluble tubulin by using single-molecule FRET. Together, our work allows to identify domain/region specific conformational changes in tau relevant to tauopathies and to explore the effect on its intrinsically disordered features. This provides a structural basis for understanding the impact of tau disease mutations in the tau-tubulin complex.
Electrical Nerve Stimulation for Chronic Median Nerve Pain

In this chapter, we describe the use of peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) for the treatment of chronic neuropathic pain. Occasionally, median nerve injury is associated with hand trauma or other injury, including iatrogenic. The intractable pain or allodynia can negatively impact the quality of life, even in patients having undergone surgery repair and/or decompression. PNS can provide effective pain relief in patients for whom standard nonoperative therapies have not worked. However, careful selection of the appropriate nerve is important for successful PNS. In this chapter, we aim to help surgeons acquire the necessary knowledge on the indications, contraindications, approach, and clinical outcomes of PNS.
Case 7: Acinar Cell Carcinoma

54-year-old woman with intermittent epigastric pain and worsening bilateral knee and shoulder pain.
On sampling theorems for fractional Fourier transforms and series

We introduce two generalizations of the exponential function and, hence, two generalizations of the Fourier transform and series. Each generalization depends on a real, nonnegative parameter less than or equal to one, but reduces to the standard exponential function when the parameter is equal to one. For this reason, the corresponding transforms are called fractional Fourier transforms. In this talk we examine sampling theorems of bandlimited functions in these two fractional Fourier transform domains.
Polyaluminum Coagulants for Drinking Water Treatment: Chemistry and Selection

Selection of polyaluminum (PAXs) coagulants is examined for different raw water types and solid-liquid separation processes. PAXs were tested with various basicities and sulfated versus non-sulfated. Four widely different water supplies were studied in terms of alkalinity, turbidity, and concentration and nature of natural organic matter (NOM). The performance of the PAXs was evaluated for turbidity and NOM removal. Solubility and A1 speciation of the PAXs differ from alum. Hight basicity PAXs, for example, are more soluble than alum below pH 7 and contain a highly charged Al13 polymer for coagulation. High basicity PAXs produce less filter bed headloss than alum and other PAXs in direct filtration applications. An important finding is direct filtration of low turbidity supplies is not feasible, even when the TOC is low (2.5–3.5mg/L), if the NOM is composed of some aquatic humic matter. DAF is very effective in treating low turbidity supplies of low and high alkalinity, and supplies high in natural color. All of the coagulants gave good DAF performance, but generally the medium and high basicity PAXs were particularly effective. Generally, best sedimentation performance is achieved using medium and high basicity PAXs with sulfate. A silica containing PAX can also improve settling. NOM controls coagulant dosages for high TOC supplies containing aquatic humic matter. For the latter type supply, stoichiometric relationships were found between the optimum coagulant dosage and raw water TOC or UV (254 nm). Good removals of NOM were found, and generally a broader dosing range of good treatment was found when using high basicity PAXs.
A Functional Approach to Scanner Detection

Detecting scanning in Internet traffic is a well-studied topic with no single, definitive approach. Among the proposed methods are two which are widely accepted, but with known limitations: one based on a static fanout ratio, and another on principal component analysis (PCA). We introduce a two-step procedure based on Functional PCA and k-means clustering which we argue provides significantly better robustness and data-driven applicability. We validate and compare using synthetic datasets with "ground truth" about anomalies on FTP and HTTP port traffic flows; our method identifies all scanners. We also compare approaches using NTP flow data prior to a reflective DDoS attack in 2014, providing a real-world example to illustrate the deficiencies of existing approaches and how they are addressed by our functional framework procedure. Lastly, we discuss insights into the traffic that cannot be obtained by the previous methods.