cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Interaction of E1 and E1 + Δ1 exciton recombination with LO phonons in III-V semiconductors

The interaction of the E1 and E1 + Δ1 excitonic recombination with 1-LO and 2-LO phonon Raman scattering has been observed in GaSb and InSb at 90° and 300°K using Ar ion and tunable dye laser excitation (ħω1) in a backscattering collection geometry. The recombination radiation peaked at the E1 and E1 + Δ1 optical absorption gaps for all hω1 > E1and E1 + Δ1, while the intensity varied with ħω1, temperature, and the surface preparation. The half-width (∼800 cm−1) of the recombination radiation became narrower as ħω1 approached the E1 + Δ1 gap from above. In addition to the broad recombination radiation, two narrow peaks were observed. These have been identified as 1-LO and 2-LO Raman scattering because of their constant wavenumber shift from ħω1. As these discrete peaks were tuned through the recombination bands, the intensity and lineshape of the peaks changed. The 1-LO and 2-LO intensity reached a maximum when the scattered photon was in resonance with the E1 and E1 + Δ1 excitons. The 2-LO lineshape remained unchanged as the scattered radiation was tuned through the recombination band, whereas the 1-LO peak developed a Fano-type lineshape: a dip on the low energy side of the peak followed by an extended high energy tail, an increased half-width, and a small shift in the peak position. The strength of the 1-LO Fano interference was greatest in the sample with the largest recombination radiation and is believed to be the result of a coupling between the 1-LO Raman phonon and the continuum of excitations produced by the excitonic recombination process. Two possible descriptions of the continuum radiation are presented which entail exciton relaxation by emission of acoustic phonons or by inelastic collisions with electrons at the surface of the semiconductor.
Comment on “Religious Violence in Judaism: Past and Present” by Gideon Aran and Ron E. Hassner

Gideon Aran and Ron Hassner, both distinguished scholars of religious violence, offer a rich discussion of violence in Judaism. They guide the reader on a tour from the past to the present, making ...
Alkaloid 223A: the first trisubstituted indolizidine from dendrobatid frogs.

The structure of alkaloid 223A (1), the first member of a new class of amphibian alkaloids, purified by HPLC from a skin extract of a Panamanian population of the frog Dendrobates pumilio Schmidt (...
EFFECT OF STORAGE TEMPERATURE ON THE GROWTH OF LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES ON QUESO BLANCO SLICES

A five-strain cocktail of Listeria monocytogenes (104 cfu/mL) was inoculated onto individual vacuum-packaged slices (ca. 50 g each) of a commercial, Hispanic-style cheese, that being Queso Blanco. Growth was determined at appropriate intervals during storage at 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25C. In general, as the incubation temperature increased, a shorter lag phase duration (LPD) and a faster growth rate (GR) were observed. The LPD values at 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25C were 65.3, 19.9, 2.1, 8.4 and 11.4 h, respectively. The GR values were 0.011, 0.036, 0.061, 0.090 and 0.099 log cfu/h at 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25C, respectively. There were no statistical differences in LPD at 10, 15, 20 and 25C. However, the LPD during growth at 5C was statistically (P< 0.05)longer than at all other temperatures. The GR values at 20 and 25C were not significantly different from each other, whereas the GR values at 5, 10 and 15C were significantly different from each other as well as from the GR at 20 and 25C (P<0.05). The maximum population density (MPD) showed relatively little variation over the range of storage temperatures tested, with an average of 8.38 log cfu/g (SD = 0.33). The results of this study indicate that not even the lowest trial temperature of 5C prevented growth over time of the inoculated L. monocytogenes on this sliced product, and that proper storage and handling procedures are required to prevent the bacterium from contaminating the product and/or to control its growth.
Rats fed soy protein isolate (SPI) have impaired hepatic CYP1A1 induction by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as a result of interference with aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling.

Abstract Consumption of soy diets has been found to reduce cancer incidence in animals and is associated with reduced cancer risk in humans. Previously, we have demonstrated that female Sprague–Dawley rats fed purified AIN-93G diets with soy protein isolate (SPI) as the sole protein source had reduced CYP1A1 induction and basal aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) levels relative to those fed the same diet containing casein (CAS). In the present study, the molecular mechanisms underlying reduced AhR expression have been studied. The SPI-effect on AhR was not observed after feeding diets containing the purified soy isoflavones genistein or daidzein. Rat hepatoma FGC-4 cells were treated with the serum obtained from rats fed CAS- or SPI-containing diets. Reduced AhR levels ( P
Diffusivity and Permeability of High-performance Concrete for Bridge Decks

Penetration of chloride ions from deicing salts can lead to scaling and deterioration of the concrete, and corrosion of reinforcing steel, which is the primary cause of deterioration of highway bridge structures. The main aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the chloride-ion penetrability, diffusivity, and permeability of different high-performance concretes as part of a comprehensive strength and durability study for the Wacker Drive Viaduct Reconstruction Project in Chicago, Illinois. It was found that there was no correlation between the coulomb value and the diffusion coefficient for coulomb values ranging from 800 to 2,500; however, the coulomb value and diffusion coefficient start to correlate when the coulomb values exceed 2,500.
Molybdenum-molybdenum bonds

Abstract Molybdenum is a prolific former of homonuclear metal-metal bonds, ranging in bond order from less than 1 to 4 and in length from 3.27 A to 2.090 A. The chemical and structural properties of compounds containing Mo-Mo bonds are reviewed here with particular emphasis on variability in length as a function of environment between bonds that have the same formal bond order.
Proactive expediting policies for recoverable manufacturing

Recoverable manufacturing is becoming an increasingly important alternative to companies as they develop strategies aimed at minimising waste and resources. Remanufacturing helps minimise costs and conserve resources through methods such as extending product life cycles via refurbishments and technical upgrades which require the use of only a fraction of the resources and energy associated with a new product. In this study proactive expediting policies that have been observed as managerial practice in remanufacturing environments are examined for their effectiveness. It is shown that in the remanufacturing environment, with its greater inherent uncertainty, product structure complexity significantly affects the choice of proactive expediting policy to employ if the practice is adhered to. It is also shown that this type of proactive expediting does not provide any significant benefits to the manager, on any of the performance measures analysed. The manager in this environment would be well advised to resist the temptation of using such a proactive expediting policy.
ZFIN, the Zebrafish Model Organism Database: increased support for mutants and transgenics

ZFIN, the Zebrafish Model Organism Database (http://zfin.org), is the central resource for zebrafish genetic, genomic, phenotypic and developmental data. ZFIN curators manually curate and integrate comprehensive data involving zebrafish genes, mutants, transgenics, phenotypes, genotypes, gene expressions, morpholinos, antibodies, anatomical structures and publications. Integrated views of these data, as well as data gathered through collaborations and data exchanges, are provided through a wide selection of web-based search forms. Among the vertebrate model organisms, zebrafish are uniquely well suited for rapid and targeted generation of mutant lines. The recent rapid production of mutants and transgenic zebrafish is making management of data associated with these resources particularly important to the research community. Here, we describe recent enhancements to ZFIN aimed at improving our support for mutant and transgenic lines, including (i) enhanced mutant/transgenic search functionality; (ii) more expressive phenotype curation methods; (iii) new downloads files and archival data access; (iv) incorporation of new data loads from laboratories undertaking large-scale generation of mutant or transgenic lines and (v) new GBrowse tracks for transgenic insertions, genes with antibodies and morpholinos.
Modified contemporary comparisons for first and second lactations in the same and different herds.

Separate sire evaluations by Modified Contemporary Comparison for first and second lactations were calculated for 200 widely used Holstein bulls from a file containing only first or second records of all daughters and from two independent subsets of the same data. Sire evaluations based on both first and second lactations also were computed. Correlations between first lactation evaluations in one independent data set and second lactation evaluations in the other were .87 and .84. First lactation evaluations accounted for only about 75% of the variation in second record evaluations, suggesting a need for some form of later record sire evaluation, at least for the selection of sires of sons. Within sire, daughter variation for first records was not useful in predicting difference between first and second record sire evaluations. Second lactation evaluations increased relative to firsts as culling increased, suggesting culling bias in Modified Contemporary Comparisons for later records. An adjustment based on an empirical regression of later records on firsts produced second evaluations with means and standard deviations nearly identical to those of first records. Correlations between first and adjusted second evaluations were .87 for both independent data sets. Difference between adjusted second and first evaluations were correlated .15 with culling, compared to .25 for unadjusted seconds. Important sire differences in first and second lactation evaluations were detected in all data sets. Such differences were unaltered by adjustment for selection.
Soluble cytochromes and ferredoxins from the marine purple phototrophic bacterium, Rhodopseudomonas marina

Abstract Four soluble c-type cytochromes, the high redox potential 4-Fe-S ferredoxin known as HiPIP, a large molecular weight 2-Fe-S ferredoxin and a 4-Fe-S ‘bacterial’ ferredoxin, were isolated from extracts of two strains of Rps. marina. Cytochrome c-550, cytochrome c′ and cytochrome c-549 were previously described, and we have extended their characterization. Cytochrome c-558, which has not previously been observed in Rps. marina, appears to be a low-spin isozyme of the more commonly observed high-spin cytochrome c′. HiPIP, which was not observed in previous work, was found to be abundant in Rps. marina. The 2-Fe-S ferredoxin, which has previously been observed only in Rps. palustris, has a native size greater than 100 kDa and a subunit size of 17 kDa. The ‘bacterial’; ferredoxin appears to have only a single four-iron-sulfur cluster. We examined photosynthetic membranes by difference spectroscopy and found abundant c-type cytochromes. Approximately one-quarter of the heme can be reduced by ascorbate and the remainder by dithionite. There is 2 nm difference between the high-potential heme (554 nm) and the low (552 nm). These characteristics resemble those of the tetraheme reaction center cytochrome of Rps. viridis. In addition to the electron transfer components, we found small amounts of a fluorescent yellow protein which has spectral resemblance to a photoactive yellow protein from Ec. halophila.
Staged program repair with condition synthesis

We present SPR, a new program repair system that combines staged program repair and condition synthesis. These techniques enable SPR to work productively with a set of parameterized transformation schemas to generate and efficiently search a rich space of program repairs. Together these techniques enable SPR to generate correct repairs for over five times as many defects as previous systems evaluated on the same benchmark set.
Active skeletal muscle mass and cardiopulmonary reserve. Failure to attain peak aerobic capacity during maximal bicycle exercise in patients with severe congestive heart failure.

BACKGROUNDIn addition to depressed cardiac reserve, peripheral factors may contribute to limit maximal exercise capacity in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF). To investigate the role of reduced active skeletal muscle mass, peak oxygen uptake (VO2, milligrams per kilogram per minute) was determined during maximal symptom-limited exercise involving the lower limbs (LL) alone and the lower limbs and upper limbs (LL+UL) combined in patients with CHF and in normal subjects of similar age and sex.METHODS AND RESULTSLL bicycle exercise was performed upright with a ramp protocol and continuous expired gas analysis. When respiratory exchange ratio (RER) reached 1.0, UL exercise was initiated at constant load with the use of a cranking device positioned at shoulder level. LL exercise alone and combined LL+UL exercise were performed on separate days in randomized order by 24 patients with CHF and seven normal subjects. In patients with CHF, peak VO2 was greater during combined LL+UL exercise than during L...
Micelle-induced curvature in a water-insoluble HIV-1 env peptide revealed by NMR dipolar coupling measurement in stretched polyacrylamide gel

The structure of a water-insoluble fragment encompassing residues 282−304 of the HIV envelope protein gp41 is studied when solubilized by dihexanoyl phosphatidylcholine (DHPC) and by small bicelles, consisting of a 4:1 molar ratio of DHPC and dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine (DMPC). Weak alignment with the magnetic field was accomplished in a stretched polyacrylamide gel, permitting measurement of one-bond 1H−15N, 13Ca−13C‘, and 13C‘−15N dipolar couplings, which formed the basis for determining the peptide structure. In both detergent systems, the peptide adopts an α-helical conformation from residue 4 through 18. In the presence of the DHPC micelles the helix is strongly curved towards the hydrophobic surface, whereas in the presence of bicelles a much weaker curvature in the opposite direction is observed.
Coxofemoral Arthroscopy and Total Hip Arthroplasty for Management of Intermediate Grade Fibrosarcoma in a Dog

Objective— To report the use of arthroscopy and total hip arthroplasty (THA) for management of intermediate grade fibrosarcoma of the femoral head in a dog. Study Design— Clinical case report. Animal— A 6-year-old spayed female Rottweiler presented for evaluation of acute-onset of lameness of the right pelvic limb of approximately 10 days duration. Methods— Coxofemoral arthroscopy was performed to obtain fine needle aspiration and Jamshidi biopsy of a lytic lesion of the femoral head. A cemented THA was performed removing as much of the femoral neck and proximal femur as possible while not compromising implant or joint stability. Results— Histologic evaluation of specimens from the femoral head and neck remnants confirmed an intermediate grade fibrosarcoma. Fifteen months after THA, subjectively there was normal use of the right limb with only limited decrease in range of motion and mild muscular atrophy. Radiographs demonstrated stationary positioning of the THA implants. Conclusions— Arthroscopy of the coxofemoral joint is an effective diagnostic tool for evaluation of disease of the articular structures and canine total hip replacement may be an appropriate means of limb salvage in rare cases of disease of the femoral head. Clinical Relevance— This case provides support for the use of coxofemoral arthroscopy as a diagnostic tool as well as an aid in acquiring representative intraarticular tissue samples. Additionally, the case presented demonstrates the potential use of THA as a limb sparing technique in cases of disease affecting the femoral head of dogs.
The influence of microstructure on the electrochromic properties of LixWO3 thin films: Part I. Ion diffusion and electrochromic properties

The chemical diffusion coefficients of lithium ions in LixWO3 films were investigated as a function of lithium concentration and film porosity. Thin films were deposited with different porosities by thermal evaporation of WO3 powder in various partial water pressures. Our results indicate that diffusion coefficients increase with film porosity and decrease with increasing lithium concentration. Large diffusion coefficients that were found for small lithium concentrations appear to be due to the contribution of protons generated from ion exchange reactions between lithium and water incorporated in the film. Simultaneous electrical and in situ optical measurements were carried out to study the effect of porosity on the electrochromic properties of LixWO3. The coloring efficiency of porous WO3 films increases by approximately 70% when deposited in partial water pressure of 10−4 Torr, but decreases with further increments in water pressure.
Effects of Gas Flow Rate and Catalyst Loading on Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEM) Fuel Cell Performance and Degradation

In this paper, the effects of gas flow rates, and catalyst loading on polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) performance was investigated using a 50cm2 active area fuel cell fixture with serpentine flow field channels machined into poco graphite blocks. Membrane Electrode Assemblies (MEAs) with catalyst and gas flow rates at two levels each (0.5mg/cm2 , 1mg/cm2 ; 0.3L/min, 0.5L/min respectively) were tested at 60°C without humidification. The cell performance was analyzed by taking AC Impedance, TAFEL plot, open circuit voltage, and area specific resistance measurements. It was observed that MEAs with lower gas flow rate had lesser cell resistance compared to MEAs with a higher gas flow rate. TAFEL plot shows the highest exchange current density value of −2.05 mAcm2 for MEA with 0.5mg/cm2 catalyst loading operated at reactant gas flow rate of 0.3L/min signifying it had the least activation loss and fastest reaction rate. Open circuit voltage curve shows a higher output voltage and lesser voltage decay rate for MEAs tested at higher gas flow rates.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
The regional consequences of international trade with interregional capital mobility

Abstract This paper examines the resource allocation and welfare effects of international trade when a nation is composed of distinct regions and capital is mobile interregionally. The introduction of capital mobility significantly alters the regional consequences of free trade. It is shown, for example, that it is possible that the source of the nation's export expansion is the region that is at a technological disadvantage in the production of the export good. Also, that region whose comparative advantage coincides with that of the nation as a whole may see its welfare decrease with free trade.
Medicalization, Natural Childbirth and Birthing Experiences

Although much of the early sociological and feminist analysis of medicalization focused on reproductive issues and childbirth, attention has moved away from this topic over time as new conditions have become subject to the medicalization process. At the same time, one of the major concepts within this analytical framework, the dichotomy of ‘natural’ versus ‘medical’, has not been sufficiently problematized. In this article, we call for a renewed examination of the medicalization of childbirth from a critical perspective that neither takes for granted the meaning of this dichotomy, nor presupposes feminist perspectives or those of privileged groups of women. We revisit sociological frameworks and feminist critiques of medicalization, specifically around childbirth, and review scholarship that addresses their limitations. We propose a research agenda that goes beyond the traditional assumptions about ‘natural’ and ‘medical’ childbirth and examines more closely how medicalization processes both shape and conflict with women's subjective experiences of childbirth.
Hedonics of binge eating in women with bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder.

Objective Potential differences in the hedonics of binge eating between female subjects with bulimia nervosa (BN) and female subjects with binge eating disorder (BED) were examined. Method Women seeking treatment for BN (N = 29) and BED (N = 49) completed the Eating Hedonics Questionnaire. Results Subjects in both groups reported similar precipitants and levels of distress associated with binge eating. Of interest, BED subjects were more likely to report that they enjoyed the food, the taste of the food, the smell and the texture of the food while binge eating. In addition, the BED group reported more relaxation and less physical discomfort and anxiety as a consequence of binge eating compared to the BN group. Discussion There are interesting and potentially important differences between individuals with BN and BED in the cognitions and behaviors associated with binge eating. © 1999 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 26: 165–170, 1999.
Green Tea: Health Benefits and Applications.

Green Tea: Health Benefits and Applications. edited by Yukihiko Hara. New York: Marcel Dekker, 252 pp, 2001.Since the late 1980’s green tea, green tea extracts and tea flavonoids have been studied ...
Measurement of occlusion of the spinal canal and intervertebral foramen by intervertebral disc bulge

Background Disc protrusion has been proposed to be a possible cause of both pain and stenosis in the lower spine. No previous study has described the amount of disc occlusion of the spinal canal and intervertebral foramen that occurs under different loading conditions. The objective of this study was to quantitatively assess the percent occlusion of the spinal canal and intervertebral foramen by disc bulge under different loading conditions.
Single-cuff forearm tourniquet in intravenous regional anaesthesia results in less pain and fewer sedation requirements than upper arm tourniquet

† This study examined how differing positions of the tourniquet affected the efficacy of the analgesic technique. † The forearm has advantages over upper limb tourniquet placement with improved analgesia and reduced opioid consumption. Background. A limitation of Bier’s block or i.v. regional anaesthesia (IVRA) is tourniquet pain. We hypothesized that tourniquet placement on the forearm vs upper arm during IVRA for distal upper extremity surgery may result in less tourniquet pain, lower the need for analgesic interventions, and decrease post-anaesthesia care unit (PACU) admission. Methods. Patients for distal upper extremity surgery were randomized into upper or forearm single-cuff tourniquet placement. IVRA was either performed with 15 ml of 2% lidocaine and 20 mg ketorolac in the upper group or 8 ml of 2% lidocaine and 10 mg ketorolac in the forearm group. Vital signs and visual analogue scale (VAS) score were recorded. If VAS score was .4, 50 mg fentanyl was injected. If the patient had VAS scores .6 with fentanyl, deep sedation with propofol was administered. Results. Twenty-eight subjects were in each group. There were no significant differences in patient characteristics, tourniquet time, or pressure between the groups. Ten patients in the forearm vs 27 in the upper arm group had a VAS score .4. The mean fentanyl use was 30 mg in the forearm group vs 104 mg in the upper arm group. One patient in the forearm group required propofol vs 22 in the upper arm group. PACU bypass to phase 2 recovery occurred 19 times in the forearm group vs zero times in the upper arm group (P,0.0001). Conclusions. Our results indicate that the placement of the tourniquet on the forearm resulted in less discomfort, fewer sedation interventions, and greater likelihood of bypassing the PACU when compared with upper arm tourniquet.
Distinct Electronic Effects on Reductive Eliminations of Symmetrical and Unsymmetrical Bis-Aryl Platinum Complexes

Symmetrical bis-aryl platinum complexes (DPPF)Pt(C(6)H(4)-4-R)(2) (R = NMe(2), OMe, CH(3), H, Cl, CF(3)) and electronically unsymmetrical bis-aryl platinum complexes (DPPF)Pt(C(6)H(4)-4-R)(C(6)H(4)-4-X) (R = CH(3), X = NMe(2), OMe, H, Cl, F, CF(3); R = OMe, X = NMe(2), H, Cl, F, CF(3); R = CF(3), X = H, Cl, NMe(2); and R = NMe(2), X = H, Cl) were prepared, and the rates of reductive elimination of these complexes in the presence of excess PPh(3) are reported. The platinum complexes reductively eliminated biaryl compounds in quantitative yields with first-order rate constants that were independent of the concentration of PPh(3). Plots of Log(k(obs)/k(obs(H))) vs Hammett substituent constants (sigma) of the para substituents R and X showed that the rates of reductive elimination reactions depended on two different electronic properties. The reductive elimination from symmetrical bis-aryl platinum complexes occurred faster from complexes with more electron-donating para substituents R. However, reductive elimination from a series of electronically unsymmetrical bis-aryl complexes was not faster from complexes with the more electron-donating substituents. Instead, reductive elimination was faster from complexes with a larger difference in the electronic properties of the substituents on the two platinum-bound aryl groups. The two electronic effects can complement or cancel each other. Thus, this combination of electronic effects gives rise to complex, but now more interpretable, free energy relationships for reductive elimination.
Normative change in science and the birth of the Triple Helix

A process of normative change in academic science makes spin-off entrepreneurship compatible with the advancement of knowledge. A parallel process of normative change in industrial science produces a creative tension between organizational and scientific goals that enhances the attainment of both objectives. The creation of hybrid organizations mediating between university–industry and university–government brings these institutional spheres into closer contiguity. The emergence of triadic interactions and ‘taking the role of the other’ among university–industry–government in the transition from an industrial to a knowledge economy may be seen as a conscious innovative stream rather than a chance evolutionary event.
A Low-Energy Room-Temperature Hydrogen Nanosensor: Utilizing the Schottky Barriers at the Electrode/Sensing-Material Interfaces

The hydrogen-sensing performance of a nanosensor integrating interdigitated electrodes with a gap of 100 nm and indium-oxide-doped tin dioxide nanoparticles is investigated at room temperature. The nonlinear behavior observed from the I/V curves of the sensor in air atmosphere indicated the presence of a Schottky barrier contact at the electrode/sensing-material interface. The linear I/V response obtained in hydrogen atmosphere suggested that the Schottky barrier height could be modulated in the presence of hydrogen. At a low applied voltage of 0.4 V and 0.09-vol% hydrogen gas exposure, a very large sensitivity of 2300 and a short response time of 127 s were recorded.
Transforming lymph nodes into tissue factories.

Transplanting donor cells into lymph nodes regenerates liver, pancreas and thymus function in mice.
Ion transport in sodium ion conducting solid electrolytes

Abstract Sodium ion conducting electrolytes are important for a variety of applications from batteries for energy storage to chemical sensors for emission monitoring or process control. These applications span a range of temperatures, sizes and design constraints, so a variety of different electrolytes are needed. In this paper, the properties of ceramic and polymer electrolytes will be reviewed. The focus will be on discussion of the ionic conductivities and providing a comparison of the results reported in the literature for different electrolyte materials.
A Comparison of Item-Level and Scale-Level Multiple Imputation for Questionnaire Batteries

Behavioral science researchers routinely use scale scores that sum or average a set of questionnaire items to address their substantive questions. A researcher applying multiple imputation to incomplete questionnaire data can either impute the incomplete items prior to computing scale scores or impute the scale scores directly from other scale scores. This study used a Monte Carlo simulation to assess the impact of imputation method on the bias and efficiency of scale-level parameter estimates, including scale score means, between-scale correlations, and regression coefficients. Although the choice of imputation approach had no influence on the bias of scale-level parameter estimates, it had a substantial impact on efficiency, such that item-level imputation consistently produced a meaningful power advantage. The simulation results clearly supported the use of item-level imputation. To illustrate the differences between item- and scale-level imputation, we examined predictors of 7th-grade academic self-ef...
Thomas Jefferson's Sexual Imagination

Our key to understanding Thomas Jefferson's presumed relationship with his slave Sally Hemings lies in his response to prevailing theories of health science. The leading authority on health for sedentary intellectuals, or gens de lettres, was the Swiss physician Samuel A. D. Tissot. Jefferson followed Tissot's prescriptions for a healthy mental and physical constitution through exercise and semi-vegetarian diet, and it is altogether likely that he derived comfort (and a clear rationale) from Tissot and his disciples, who recommended sex, especially for a widower like Jefferson, with a healthy, fruitful, and attractive female. Jefferson's writings, including correspondence with physician-friends, appear consistent with this proposition.
Comparing higher-order spatial statistics and perceptual judgements in the stylometric analysis of art

Understanding the factors that underlie human perception of artistic style necessarily depends on measuring features beyond simple, low-order statistics. Indeed, much of our perception of style is rooted in qualities of lines and shading that cannot be described using first-order measures. In order to provide a richer, more accurate description of human perception of style, we must employ higher-order statistical methods. We demonstrate the applicability of two types of higher-order representations of images - and features derived from these - to the problem of similarity-based image search in large collections of art images. Our preliminary results indicate that a combination of perceptual information and statistical representations of art could prove extremely useful in navigating large art image databases in the context of similarity-based search.
Predicting progression of Alzheimer's disease

Introduction Clinicians need to predict prognosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and researchers need models of progression to develop biomarkers and clinical trials designs. We tested a calculated initial progression rate to see whether it predicted performance on cognition, function and behavior over time, and to see whether it predicted survival.
α-Benzyl-N-Methylphenethylamine (BNMPA), an Impurity of Illicit Methamphetamine Synthesis: III. Detection of BNMPA and Metabolites in Urine of Methamphetamine Users

Eighty urine specimens collected from drug rehabilitation programs, which bad been screened by immunoassay and confirmed positive by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for methamphetamine, were further analyzed for ~-benzyI-N-methylphenethylamine (BNMPA) and its urinary metabolites, N-demethyI-BNMPA, diphenyl-2-propanone (DP2P), dipbenyl-2-propanol, p-OH-N-demethyI-BNMPA, and p-OH
The Role of Animals in Human Society

Although it is virtually impossible to live in American society without relying on animals to some extent, psychologists have been slow to study the role animals play in human society. The present articles are intended to redress this lack of coverage and to stimulate future research in this area. Three general topics are examined: human-animal relations, the debate over animal rights and animal research, and issues pertaining to companion animals. Despite the diversity of these topics, several recurring themes are apparent: the tension between animals as property and animals as individuals in their own right, the existence of a hierarchy of privilege among species (with primates and companion animals occupying the most privileged positions), and the fact that society is changing with respect to how it views animals.
Neural and behavioral substrates of disorientation in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease

Abstract Background The neural and cognitive substrates of measures of orientation as used in clinical trials and examinations have not been comprehensively examined. Methods We studied 473 subjects diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) at baseline in Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. Regression analyses at baseline were conducted to find significant predictors of orientation score among cognitive, brain morphometry, and glucose metabolism measures. Mixed model longitudinal analysis was performed to examine consequences of orientation on functional decline, and Cox hazard models examined the risk of conversion to AD in the MCI group. Results In MCI and AD subjects, orientation was predicted by poorer neurocognitive performance on immediate and delayed episodic memory and attention and processing speed. Among magnetic resonance imaging measures, orientation was predicted by entorhinal cortex thickness, hippocampal volume, and inferior temporal cortex thickness. Glucose metabolism in both middle-inferior temporal cortex and hippocampus were also predictive of orientation score. Functioning was significantly lower in disoriented subjects after 4 years of follow-up, and MCI patients who also were disoriented showed a higher rate of conversion to AD with a hazard ratio of 1.5. Conclusions Orientation is associated with medial temporal lobe structure, temporal lobe glucose metabolism, and episodic memory function. In MCI individuals orientation was a risk factor for progression to AD, also associated with rapid functional decline and worse prognosis. Thus, orientation may serve as a surrogate for episodic memory in clinical examination. These results have direct implications for the use of orientation in MCI and AD clinical trials including ceiling effects in healthy controls and issues of redundancy with measures of memory, when both are used in composite scores.
BIOSYNTHESIS OF FATTY ACIDS AND CHOLESTEROL AS RELATED TO DIET FAT.

The objective of this study was to explore the influence of a series of simple triglycerides and natural fats on cholesterogenesis and lipogenesis. Male rats were given a partially synthetic diet containing no added fat or 30% of tributyrin, tricaproin, tricaprylin, tricaprin, trilaurin, trimyristin, tripalmitin, triolein, trilinolein, lard, butter oil, safflower oil, or a synthetic triglyceride made of one part palmitic and two parts oleic acids. After 2 weeks, the rats were administered 0.2 mc. acetate-1-C14/kg. of body weight (intraperitoneally) and were sacrificed 1 hr. later. Various tissues were removed for analysis. When compared to the low fat diet, all of the non-linoleic acid diet fats caused increases in liver 16:1 and 18:1 acids at the expense of the polyene acids, mainly 18:2 and 20:4. Stearic acid was also reduced in all cases except after tricaprin and triolein. In addition to the above, the tripalmitin diet compensated for a pronounced loss in the polyunsaturated acids with an increase in the 16:0 and 18:0 acids. Unexpectedly, dietary laurate was not deposited in the liver but resulted in a larger increase in liver myristate than after the ingestion of myristate itself. The animals on the low fat diet incorporated over 7% of the labeled acetate into liver fatty acids, those on the short-chain fat diet about 5%, those on the medium chain length fat diet 2.5%, those on the longer chain length saturated fat diet 1.5%, and those on the safflower oil and trilinolein diets only 0.3 and 0.2%, respectively. During the ingestion of the short-chain fatty acids, a very high level of palmitic acid synthesis occurred, suggesting that the short-chain acids do not inhibit its synthesis and are themselves converted to palmitic to a significant degree. During the ingestion of the long-chain fatty acids, all synthesis of fatty acids was strongly inhibited. In all cases there was a lower degree of incorporation of acetate into oleic than into palmitic. The concentration of liver cholesterol was only 2.3 mg./g. in animals on the low fat diet, approximately 4–5 mg./g. in animals on the saturated triglyceride diets, about 6 mg./g. in those on the triolein diet, and above 7 mg./g. in those on the trilinolein diet. However, only tripalmitin ingestion increased the level of liver cholesterol synthesis, as measured by the percentage of injected labeled acetate incorporated. Two weeks of dietary tripalmitin sharply decreased the amount of newly synthesized cholesterol transported into the aorta during the first hour after labeled acetate injection.
Molecular cloning of the cDNA which encodes beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase A from Dictyostelium discoideum. Complete amino acid sequence and homology with the human enzyme.

Abstract beta-N-Acetylhexosaminidase A (EC 3.2.1.52), the product of the nag A gene, is a lysosomal enzyme which is developmentally regulated in Dictyostelium discoideum. The enzyme plays a role during the slug stage of development in the maintenance of pseudoplasmodia of normal size. We used a homogeneous preparation of deglycosylated enzyme subunits to generate antibody. The antibody was suitable for screening a lambda gt11 cDNA expression library derived from the mRNA of late log stage axenic cells. We isolated seven positive clones. One of these contains the complete coding sequence of the protein. We also isolated a genomic clone which contains 800 base pairs of 5'-flanking sequence and 728 base pairs of coding sequence. Analysis of the sequences and of primer extension studies indicates an inferred transcript size of 1665 bases which closely matches the 1.8-kilobase mRNA size estimated by Northern blot analysis of poly(A+) mRNA from the organism. The sequence contains an open reading frame which encodes a protein of 59,787 kDa. This equals the apparent molecular weight in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels of in vitro translated enzyme. The amino terminus of the purified enzyme appeared to be blocked, but internal peptide sequences were obtained by automated Edman degradation of gel-purified peptides generated by treatment of protein subunits with staphylococcal V-8 protease. These sequences are included in the inferred sequence. In addition to a typical signal sequence, the open reading frame encodes a second candidate transmembrane region, a serine-rich region, and four potential N-glycosylation sites. These are discussed with regard to the localization and processing of the enzyme during its biogenesis. Beginning at amino acid 100 of the Dictyostelium enzyme sequence, 36% of its amino acids are identical to the corresponding sequence of the beta chain, and 33% are identical with those of the alpha chain of human beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase. This is strong evidence that the Dictyostelium enzyme is homologous to the alpha and beta chains of the human enzyme.
Cluster command & control (CS) tools suite

The computation power of PC clusters running the Linux operating system rivals that of supercomputers of just a few years ago at a fraction of the purchase price. However, the lack of good administration and application tools represents a hidden operation cost that is often overlooked when proposing a cluster. This paper presents a number of command line tools developed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory for use in operating the HighTORC cluster. These same tools provide the “backend” connection to the cluster for our web based GUI tool suite M3C (Monitoring and Managing Multiple Clusters).
Interaction Techniques for Exploring Historic Sites through Situated Media

We present a set of augmented reality and virtual reality interaction techniques that enable mobile users to visualize and interact virtually with representations of past events. These approaches use historic photographic imagery registered with real and virtual 3D objects to depict events in situ, and to provide interactive timelines. We demonstrate our techniques through examples developed for an important landmark, the Cathedral of St. John the Divine.
Environmental Toxicities and Hazards

Many environmental and industrial chemicals are known to be nephrotoxic. This section will focus on certain nephrotoxic metals and halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons. Also included are chapters on pollutants such as polychlorinated and polybrominated biphenyls and pesticides like Kepone. These agents, unlike nephrotoxic hydrocarbons or metals, produce few acute effects on the kidney, but may potentiate the nephrotoxic effects of other chemicals.
Growth of Saprolegniaceae in Synthetic Media. II. Nitrogen Requirements and the Role of Krebs Cycle Acids

The nitrogen requirements of saprolegniaceous fungi have been studied by Volkonsky (1933, 1934), Leonian and Lilly (1938), Saksena and Bhargava (1941), Bhargava (1945a), and Whiffen (1945). A comparison of the results of these investigators leaves doubt as to whether ammonium salts can serve as a nitrogen source for any of these fungi, and, if so, to what extent ammonium nitro? gen can replace other nitrogen sources. Volkonsky reported that ammonium acetate allowed very poor growth of Saprolegnia sp. and eight other species of Saprolegniaceae with cystine, but no growth of Saprolegnia sp. when H2S was used as the source of sulfur. Leonian and Lilly stated that five members of this family grew well in a medium in which ammonium nitrate and L-cystine were the only added nitrogenous compounds. Saksena and Bhargava, and Bhargava found that either ammonium nitrate or sulfate as sole nitrogen sources supported good growth of five species in the pres? ence of Na2S (or K2S04 for Brevilegnia gracilis) ; the side-effects of Na2S on the medium appear to have limited growth where this compound was employed. Whiffen, however, reported that her isolates did not grow at all (with the exception of Dictyuchus monosporus, which made slight growth) with ammonium sulfate as nitrogen source even though the medium contained cystine as well. These investigators agree that nitrate nitrogen is generally unavailable to Saprolegniaceae, though Brevilegnia gracilis grew well (Bhargava, 1945a) and Dictyuchus monosporus grew poorly (Whiffen, 1945) on nitrate. There is also general agreement that amino acids, supplied singly as sole nitrogen sources, permitted much better growth than other nitrogenous compounds. Volkon? sky found alanine, serine, phenylalanine, and cystine (or cysteine)
The Political Theory Implicit in Social Casework Theory

The political theory implicit in social casework theory can be defined, for purposes of this discussion, as the theory of the relationship between man and society on which professional social casework is consciously predicated, or that theory of the relationship which is logically implied by social casework practice. This theory is not often consciously articulated and we must look for it, therefore, in those presuppositions underlying casework theory which are frequently accepted uncritically, if not wholly unconsciously. This practice obviously cannot be carried on without basic (although perhaps not entirely conscious) presuppositions about what man is like and consequently about what society can or ought to do for him. The presuppositions underlying social casework theory, although important in any context, have acquired a new significance to the extent that social casework has increasingly become a government function. During the past twenty years literally millions of people in the United States have been brought into a new relationship with officials of their local, state, and national governments—namely, the relationship of client and social caseworker.
Mycelial growth, sporulation, and survival of Monilinia fructicola in relation to osmotic potential and temperature

The effects of osmotic potential (T) and temperature on mycelial growth, sporulation, and survival of Monilinia fructicola were determined us- ing potato-dextrose agar (PDA) amended with KC1 and sucrose. Comparatively, KC1 facilitated the spor- ulation and sucrose facilitated the mycelial growth and survival of the fungus. Optimal mycelial growth occurred at -1 MPa and 25 C and sporulation at -3 MPa and 20 C. Sporulation decreased more rapidly than mycelial growth as osmotic potential and tem- perature became less conducive. Significant interac- tions between osmotic potential and temperature were observed on affecting the mycelial growth and sporulation. Moniliniafructicola did not grow in PDA amended with KC1 at T < -11 MPa (20 and 25 C), -9 MPa (15 and 30 C), or -7 MPa (10 C) after 6-d incubation; it also did not grow in PDA amended
Injection-production Parameters Optimization on Steam Flooding of Fault Block BQ10 in Gucheng Heavy Oilfield

Eh3 Ⅳ9formation in fault block BQ10 of Gucheng heavy oilfield is typically extra-super heavy oil reservoir with medium thick reservoir in shallow, which is exploited by mode of steam stimulation. Based on the fine reservoir description combined with the data of geology, logging and production performance, fine reservoir geological model is set up by means of Petrel and numerical simulation is conducted through STARS module of CMG. It is optimized for well pattern, time and injection-production parameters of steam flooding. Optimization results show that in the period of steam flooding reverse square 9 spot well pattern with the size of 70×100 m2, production injection ratio in the range of 1.0—1.2 and steam quality more than 60% are preferable.
Fluoride-releasing resin bonding of amalgam restorations in primary teeth: In vitro secondary caries effect

PURPOSE To evaluate the effects of a fluoride-releasing resin designed for amalgam bonding on secondary caries formation in primary teeth restored with amalgams. MATERIALS AND METHODS Primary teeth with caries-free buccal and lingual surfaces were selected and underwent a fluoride-free prophylaxis. Cavity preparations were performed in the buccal and lingual smooth surfaces of 20 primary teeth. A fluoride-releasing dimethacrylate resin bonding agent (Alloybond) was placed prior to amalgam restoration (Dispersalloy) of the cavity preparations in 10 teeth. Amalgam restorations placed in 10 teeth following copal cavity varnish (Copalite) served as controls. The teeth were thermocycled in synthetic saliva (500 cycles, 5 degrees-50 degrees C), and then coated with an acid-resistant coating, leaving a 1mm rim of sound enamel surrounding the restorations. Artificial secondary caries were created (2.2 mM calcium, 2.2 mM phosphate, 50 mM acetic acid, 0.5 ppm fluoride, pH 3.90). Following lesion formation, longitudinal sections (five per tooth) were prepared for polarized light evaluation. Mean depths for the primary surface lesions were determined using a computer-interfaced digitized tablet. Cavity wall lesion frequencies were also evaluated. Comparisons were made between groups (ANOVA, DMR). RESULTS Primary surface lesion depth was reduced significantly (P < 0.05) with Alloybond-amalgams (135 +/- 14 microm) when compared with Copalite-amalgams (184 +/- 21 microm). Cavity wall lesion frequency was decreased (P < 0.05) significantly with Alloybond-amalgams (57%) compared with Copalite-amalgams (89%). The beneficial effect of the fluoride-releasing amalgam bonding agent was not limited to the cavosurface enamel. The caries susceptibility of enamel surfaces adjacent to amalgams with the fluoride-releasing bonding agent was decreased considerably. The incorporation of the amalgam-bonding resin with fluoride-releasing capabilities provided greater protection against a constant cariogenic attack over that for a conventional amalgam restoration.