cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Coarse-Grained Sediment Transport in Northern New England Estuaries: A Synthesis

Although it is widely stated in the literature that estuarine river mouths are sediment sinks, northern New England estuaries are an exception to this model because they export coarse-grained sediment to the nearshore. The traditional view is that estuaries fill with sediment ranging from mud to gravel derived from fluvial or upland sources as well as from the inner continental shelf and adjacent shorelines. Fluvial sediments are deposited primarily in the inner and central portions of an estuary, although fluvial mud can be deposited in the outer estuary in some tide-dominated systems (e.g. sections of the Gironde River (France), Allen, 1991; Fly River (Papua New Guinea), Harris et al., 1993). The deposition of sediment in the inner and central portions of an estuary is due to the combined influences of a downstream decrease in the riverine current strength and clay flocculation produced by fresh and saltwater mixing. In estuaries having high sediment loads, fluidized mud can be an important component of estuarine sedimentation (Wells, 1983, 1995). Marine sediments enter the outer estuary due to residual, flood-oriented bottom currents and stronger flood than ebb tidal currents. This former flow pattern is caused by the seaward-flowing freshwater advecting the underlying saltwater producing a mass balance deficit of saltwater (Dyer, 1973).
General considerations when dealing with biological fluid samples

Biological fluid sampling is common practice in clinical and medical applications to determine patient health and diagnose common diseases and illnesses. In recent years, biological fluids have also been used for a number of different applications in proteomics, metabolomics, and metabonomics research for biomarker discovery. One of the main issues in proteomic research today is defining a set of standard operating procedures that can be used by investigators to help ensure the proper handling of a given sample. This control will help future studies to be more robust and allow easy comparisons between research groups and research areas. Unfortunately, a vast number of variables need to be accounted for to define such protocols. These include biological variations such as age, diet, and gender as well as sample-handling and preparation protocols that are specific for a given fluid and instrumental method of analysis. Each of these variables can have a profound effect on the analysis, and if not carefully controlled, can translate into erroneous results and false conclusions. This chapter outlines the use of different biological fluids for biomarker discovery with an emphasis on the variables that need to be considered before and during the sample collection and handling process.
Spatial Relation Predicates in Topographic Feature Semantics

Topographic data are designed and widely used for base maps of diverse applications, yet the power of these information sources largely relies on the interpretive skills of map readers and relational database expert users once the data are in map or geographic information system (GIS) form. Advances in geospatial semantic technology offer data model alternatives for explicating concepts and articulating complex data queries and statements. To understand and enrich the vocabulary of topographic feature properties for semantic technology, English language spatial relation predicates were analyzed in three standard topographic feature glossaries. The analytical approach drew from disciplinary concepts in geography, linguistics, and information science. Five major classes of spatial relation predicates were identified from the analysis; representations for most of these are not widely available. The classes are: part-whole (which are commonly modeled throughout semantic and linked-data networks), geometric, processes, human intention, and spatial prepositions. These are commonly found in the ‘real world’ and support the environmental science basis for digital topographical mapping. The spatial relation concepts are based on sets of relation terms presented in this chapter, though these lists are not prescriptive or exhaustive. The results of this study make explicit the concepts forming a broad set of spatial relation expressions, which in turn form the basis for expanding the range of possible queries for topographical data analysis and mapping.
Real-time frost porosity detection using capacitance sensing approach

Abstract Frost porosity is a very important property to estimate the density and thermal conductivity of the frost layer. Having the real-time frost porosity information can be very helpful for the frost growth prediction and precise defrost control strategy development. In this work, a capacitance sensing approach has been developed to detect the frost growth in real-time. An interdigital electrode pair was designed and fabricated to sense the porosity changes during the frost growth based on the fringing effect. Frost growth under different conditions was observed. The averaged approach by measuring the frost mass and volume was also adopted for comparison. Result shows that the frost porosity measured by the capacitance sensing approach agrees well with the averaged measurement approach with a maximum difference of 3.4% except for the data at the first 5 min. The temporal variation of frost porosity can reflect the frost growth period in great details. Frost porosity increases quickly at the start of the frosting process and then maintains a high value for a certain time, after that it keeps decreasing during the observed one hour of frost growth. Air velocity affects the duration of the frost porosity increase-maintain-decrease variation and the frost porosity reaches to the decreasing stage much faster under a high air velocity. Frost porosity measured with different configurations of the electrode was also compared under the same condition and the deviation between different configurations is within 3.0%. This work has been the first to demonstrate a real-time precise frost porosity detection.
WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS OF NON-CARDIAC FINDINGS IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING EVALUATION FOR TAVR?

Cardiac CT with body and vascular imaging (CCT) is essential in transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) planning for patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS). Clinical and prognostic implications of significant non-cardiac findings (NCF) are not well defined. This study is aimed to evaluate
Abstract 318: MicroRNA Regulation of G Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 2 After Cardiac Injury

The increase in myocardial expression and activity of G Protein-Coupled Receptor (GPCR) Kinase 2 (GRK2) during the development and progression of heart failure (HF) has been documented to be pathol...
Economic pressure, maternal depression, and child adjustment in Latino families : An exploratory study

The goal of this study was to investigate the impact of poverty and economic pressure upon the adjustment of mothers and children in immigrant Latino families. Participants included 56 first generation Latina mothers who completed questionnaires addressing economic difficulties, depression, social support, and behavior problems exhibited by their children (30 boys, 26 girls) who ranged in ages from 4 to 13. Results indicate that maternal depression mediates the relationship between maternal economic pressure and child adjustment. Social support was found to further moderate the relationship between maternal depression and child internalizing problems. Gender differences indicated that relations were stronger among mothers of boys than mothers of girls.
Laboratory tests of the ordinary-mirror particle oscillations and the extended CKM matrix.

The CKM matrix and its unitarity is analyzed by disentangling experimental information obtained from three different particle systems of neutrons, mesons, and nuclei. New physics beyond the Standard Model is supported under the new analysis. In particular, the newly proposed mirror-matter model [Phys. Lett. B 797, 134921 (2019)] can provide the missing physics and naturally extend the CKM matrix. Laboratory experiments with current technology for measuring neutron, meson, and nuclear decays under various scenarios are proposed. Such measurements can provide stringent tests of the new model and the extended CKM matrix.
Transcriptomics Reveal Altered Metabolic and Signaling Pathways in Podocytes Exposed to C16 Ceramide-Enriched Lipoproteins

Sphingolipids are bioactive lipids associated with cellular membranes and plasma lipoproteins, and their synthesis and degradation are tightly regulated. We have previously determined that low plasma concentrations of certain ceramide species predict the development of nephropathy in diabetes patients with normal albumin excretion rates at baseline. Herein, we tested the hypothesis that altering the sphingolipid content of circulating lipoproteins can alter the metabolic and signaling pathways in podocytes, whose dysfunction leads to an impairment of glomerular filtration. Cultured human podocytes were treated with lipoproteins from healthy subjects enriched in vitro with C16 ceramide, or D-erythro 2-hydroxy C16 ceramide, a ceramide naturally found in skin. The RNA-Seq data demonstrated differential expression of genes regulating sphingolipid metabolism, sphingolipid signaling, and mTOR signaling pathways. A multiplex analysis of mTOR signaling pathway intermediates showed that the majority (eight) of the pathway phosphorylated proteins measured (eleven) were significantly downregulated in response to C16 ceramide-enriched HDL2 compared to HDL2 alone and hydroxy ceramide-enriched HDL2. In contrast, C16 ceramide-enriched HDL3 upregulated the phosphorylation of four intermediates in the mTOR pathway. These findings highlight a possible role for lipoprotein-associated sphingolipids in regulating metabolic and signaling pathways in podocytes and could lead to novel therapeutic targets in glomerular kidney diseases.
Evaluating “Cultural Translation” and Intermodal Address in the Musée du quai Branly's Exhibition of African Material Objects

The debate on what cultural translation as an analytical and political tool can offer has sparked much discussion in translation studies as well as in the fields of anthropology, literature, and cultural studies. To a lesser degree, some museum studies scholars have likewise evoked the notion of translation to address the ethics of representing culture in and across differences. This article expands on these discussions by evaluating whether a translational lens can serve to rethink the display of African material culture in museums. Through an analysis of the textual, spatial, and visual elements of the permanent African exhibition at the Musee du quai Branly-Jacques Chirac (MQB) in Paris, France, I argue that though the MQB claims that it seeks to foster cultural dialogue, the “translations” of its African collection tend to reproduce the museum’s norms of meaning-making, rather than the norms of the non-European cultures it presents. However, I also suggest that by approaching its task as one of multimodal translation, the MQB could reshape its museographic language to reflect ways of making meaning that are more evenly in dialogue with ways of making meaning from the objects’ contexts of origin.
African Indigenous Knowledge Systems and the Legacy of Africa

The chapter explores various aspects of African Indigenous Knowledges as they relate to Africa’s legacy. African Indigenous Knowledge Systems constitute a conglomerate of various disciplines and intersecting epistemologies and value systems, by societies that have developed paradigms and ways of existence in ancestral lands. The accumulated knowledges have emerged out of trial and error experimentation as well as tested empirical practices and paradigms related to ecological, geographical, economic, social and other traditions of existence. Indigenous Knowledges have substantial implications for the curriculum, development strategies, employment generation, sustained endogenous growth and social movements.
“Who’s got bars?”: Remixing Intergroup Dialogue Pedagogy through Hip-Hop Feminism

Hip-hop culture serves as a space to correct, prescribe, make known, and show up. Additionally, it offers its users opportunities to do what other spaces cannot, and that is to present a remix of a previously accepted script. Reintroduction can help Black lives, survive, dismantle, and escape systems of thinking that render them invisible and unheard. In this conceptually grounded manuscript, I discuss intergroup dialogue (IGD), with particular attention to IGD pedagogy. Though an important pedagogical strategy in and outside of higher education, IGD pedagogy may be operating to stifle the full expression of Black participants. By way of intervention, I point to possibilities within hip-hop feminism and hip-hop aesthetics to assist educators and facilitators in reimagining IGD pedagogical practice.
Effects of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury on plasma metabolomic profile during aging.

Background Heart disease is a frequent cause of hospitalization and mortality for elderly patients. A common feature of both heart disease and aging itself is the involvement of metabolic organ alterations ultimately leading to changes in circulating metabolite levels. However, the specific contribution of aging and ischemic injury to the metabolic dysregulation occurring in older adults with ischemic heart disease is still unknown. Aim To evaluate the effects of aging and ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury on plasma metabolomic profiling in mice. Methods Young and aged mice were subjected to a minimally invasive model of I/R injury or sham operation. Complete evaluation of cardiac function and untargeted plasma metabolomics analysis were performed. Results We confirmed that aged mice from the sham group had impaired cardiac function and augmented left ventricular (LV) dimensions compared to young sham-operated mice. Further, we found that ischemic injury did not drastically reduce LV systolic/diastolic function and dyssynchrony in aged compared to young mice. Using an untargeted metabolomics approach focused on aqueous metabolites, we found that ischemic injury does not affect the plasma metabolomic profile either in young or old mice. Our data also demonstrate that age significantly affects circulating metabolite levels (predominantly amino acids, phospholipids and organic acids) and perturbs several pathways involved in amino acid, glucid and nucleic acid metabolism as well as pyridoxal-5'-phosphate salvage pathway in both sham and ischemic mice. Conclusions Our approach increases our understanding of age-associated plasma metabolomic signatures in mice with and without heart disease excluding confounding factors related to metabolic comorbidities.
Microfluidic protein detection and quantification using droplet morphology

Sensitive, inline detection of proteins is required for post-chromatographic analyses in proteomics, cell-based assays, and drug discovery workflows. Among the common inline methods, post-column derivatization requires chemical labels, while label-free methods are either expensive (mass spectrometry) or have limited sensitivity at small length scales (UV–Vis). This paper presents a label-free detection technique based on the concept that dissolved proteins can function as surfactants and decrease the dynamic interfacial tension (IFT) of an immiscible (water–oil) interface. Existing methods for measuring IFT, such as axisymmetric drop shape analysis (ADSA), operate in batch mode and are not suitable for continuous detection. Here we show that a microfluidic flow-focusing droplet generator operating at a frequency of > 100 Hz can track IFT changes continuously, with high temporal resolution and small detection volumes. Variations in protein concentration alter the size and shape of the drops/plugs formed, and these changes can be quantified in time using a high-speed camera and in-house image processing software. Moreover, the continuously refreshing interface alleviates issues related to surface aging. Two applications are demonstrated: (1) direct injection of a single protein into a microfluidic chip. (2) post-column detection of protein mixtures separated by high performance size exclusion chromatography (SEC HPLC). Of interest, the dynamic range of protein (bovine serum albumin, BSA) was 50 -104 μg/ml without using HPLC unit. The lowest limit of detection without HPLC unit was ~ 1 μg/ml of thyroglobulin protein in a 1 nl droplet, which equates to 1 fg of total protein. When used as a detector, the aforementioned detection method offered a sensitivity of six orders of magnitude higher than conventional UV–VIS detectors.
Linear Multifractional Stable Sheets in the Broad Sense: Existence and Joint Continuity of Local Times

We introduce the notion of linear multifractional stable sheets in the broad sense (LMSS) with $\alpha\in(0,2]$, to include both linear multifractional Brownian sheets ($\alpha=2$) and linear multifractional stable sheets ($\alpha<2$). The purpose of the present paper is to study the existence and joint continuity of the local times of LMSS. The main results are Theorems 2.9 and 2.11, which provide a sufficient and necessary condition for the existence of local times and a weaker sufficient condition for the joint continuity of local times of LMSS, respectively. We also prove a local Holder condition for the local time in the set variable in Theorem 3.1. All these theorems improve significantly the existing results for the local times of multifractional Brownian sheets and linear fractional stable sheets in the literature.
Using Task Analysis to Support Inclusion and Assessment in the Classroom

Task analysis is an evidence-based practice that promotes independence and instruction in inclusive settings. Although task analysis has an extensive history in the field of special education, rece...
Academic integrity in online examinations in a graduate nurse practitioner program: Student perceptions and lessons for nurse educators.

Abstract Background While nursing is repeatedly voted the most trusted profession, academic dishonesty is nearly as prevalent in nursing as it is in other disciplines and has been increasing for 30 years. The relationship between academic dishonesty in nursing programs and unethical behavior in clinical settings underscores the importance of exploring student perceptions of academic dishonesty. Method This descriptive study used a survey methodology to examine graduate nursing students’ perceptions of academic dishonesty (willingness to report cheating, exam cheating deterrents, and importance of academic integrity). Results The results showed that students would report cheating, felt current processes were overall sufficient to deter cheating, value academic integrity, and take their studies seriously. Significant findings included this was more representative of students earlier in their programs vs. those nearer to graduation who felt the current program processes may not be as effective. Conclusion It is vital that graduate nursing faculty hold students accountable and enact processes that deter cheating. Furthermore, based on the survey results, the researchers incorporated one new best practice from the literature: a syllabus statement for online courses.
Utilization of Endogenous Lipids by the Isolated Perfused Rat Heart

The isolated perfused rat heart, which beats at rates commensurate with those observed in situ, is a reasonable model for the study of metabolic changes occurring during muscular exercise. We have used this preparation to study the utilization of endogenous lipids in the absence of oxidizable substrates in the perfusing medium (9). Fisher and Williamson (6) observed that hearts perfused without exogenous substrate would continue to beat for 1–2 hours, despite the disappearance of glycogen in 15–30 minutes. We have observed a limited availability of cardiac lipids to serve as fuel for contraction, the biggest contribution being made by neutral glycerides, and that under these conditions the heart fails to maintain its initial force of contractility. Today I should like to discuss 1) the general effects of perfusion of the isolated rat heart with a substrate-free medium upon contractility and the labile phosphate stores; 2) the changes which occur in intermediary metabolites of glycolysis and in the lipids over a two hour period of perfusion; and 3) the behavior of cardiac mitochondria isolated from perfused rat hearts at various times during depletion of the available endogenous substrates.
Fixed point sets of conjugations

An examination of the generators shows that every manifold is cobordant to the fixed point set of a conjugation on an almost complex manifold. Equivariant surgery is used to show that every $3$-manifold is diffeomorphic to such a fixed point set.
Tocotrienols suppress non-small lung cancer cells via downregulation of the Notch-1 signaling pathway (644.1)

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), accounting for 87% of all lung cancers with a 5-year survival rate of 16%, is the leading cause for global lung cancer deaths. Tocotrienols, isomers of Vitamin E...
Fluorescent Protein Probes in Fungi

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the array of fluorescent proteins that are currently available and how they have been employed for investigating fungal-cell biology and phytopathology. It discusses fluorescence-based imaging techniques such as confocal microscopy, multiphoton microscopy, and spectral imaging. The chapter discusses applications of more sophisticated fluorescent protein-based technologies and focuses on what these techniques will bring to these disciplines. Though many of the fluorescent protein-based approaches have not been used with filamentous fungi, exploitation of the full repertoire of techniques will, eventually, advance the science all the more. The potential growth in use of these technologies for fungi is reflected in the increase in the number of citations in the literature over the past few years. Fluorescent proteins are being used in a variety of fungal research areas from basic-cell biology to biotechnology to ecological studies of plant symbionts and soil-inhabiting fungi.
All-optical packet routers using highly integrated optical devices

With the need to reduce the power consumption of systems, the integration of systems is more and more required. This paper will then address key integrated technologies for the building of a new generation of all-optical routers.
Mental Retardation, Mental Illness, and Seizure Diagnosis.

The coexistence of epilepsy in individuals with mental retardation and mental illness is common. Little is known about whether individuals with all three conditions do significantly worse on inpatient units compared to persons with mental retardation and psychiatric disorder but without a seizure diagnosis. During 62 consecutive months, 247 individuals with mental retardation and psychiatric disorders were discharged from a university hospital. A review of discharge summaries yielded 39 individuals with a seizure diagnosis. The only difference between the groups with and without seizures was level of mental retardation. No differences existed with regard to length of stay, transfer to state hospital, psychiatric co-morbidity, or medical illness. Although it is sometimes difficult for many individuals with mental retardation to be admitted to a psychiatric hospital during exacerbations of mental illness, they should not be further stigmatized by presence of a seizure diagnosis.
The Family Caregiver Activation in Transitions (FCAT) Tool: A New Measure of Family Caregiver Self-Efficacy.

Article-at-a-Glance Background Family caregivers play an instrumental role in executing the care plan of patients during care transitions and yet may lack preparation and confidence to be effective. Yet there has been little attempt by health care professionals to identify and strengthen family caregivers' sense of preparation and confidence. The Family Caregiver Activation in Transitions™ (FCAT™) tool was developed to guide the care team in better understanding patient and family needs and deploying appropriate resources accordingly. Methods The development and psychometric testing of the FCAT tool was guided by a "partial credit" Rasch model. The validation was completed in three phases. In Phase 1, cognitive testing was conducted in convenience samples of family caregivers (N = 54) participating in support groups in two geographic locations. In Phase 2, pilot testing was conducted (N = 50) to determine item fit and item difficulty. In Phase 3, the tool's psychometric properties were examined in two waves of recruitment (N = 187; N = 247) from Web-based national samples. Results Participants recommended revising the script, reducing redundancy, and simplifying item structure and language. Analysis of item fit and difficulty guided subsequent item reduction. The estimated person-separation reliability was 0.84. Conclusions The FCAT tool was developed to foster more productive interactions between health care professionals and family caregivers. Because it was developed with direct input from family caregivers, the items are both relevant to actual experience and relatively easy to understand. Psychometric testing supports the hypothesis that the FCAT tool items function as a unidimensional construct with a high level of reliability. The FCAT tool has the potential to guide interventions intended to enhance family caregiver preparation and confidence, and thereby positively influence clinical practice during care transitions.
Paired Box 5 Methylation Detection by Droplet Digital PCR for Ultra-Sensitive Deep Surgical Margins Analysis of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Molecular deep surgical margin analysis has been shown to predict locoregional recurrences of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). To improve the accuracy and versatility of the analysis, we used a highly tumor-specific methylation marker and highly sensitive detection technology to test DNA from surgical margins. Histologically cancer-negative deep surgical margin samples were prospectively collected from 82 eligible HNSCC surgeries by an imprinting procedure ( n = 75) and primary tissue collection ( n = 70). Bisulfite-treated DNA from each sample was analyzed by both conventional quantitative methylation-specific PCR (QMSP) and QMSP by droplet digital PCR (ddQMSP) targeting Paired box 5 ( PAX5 ) gene promoter methylation. The association between the presence of PAX5 methylation and locoregional recurrence-free survival (LRFS) was evaluated. PAX5 methylation was found in 68.0% (51 of 75) of tumors in the imprint samples and 71.4% (50 of 70) in the primary tissue samples. Among cases that did not have postoperative radiation ( n = 31 in imprint samples, n = 29 in tissue samples), both conventional QMSP and ddQMSP revealed that PAX5 methylation–positive margins was significantly associated with poor LRFS by univariate analysis. In particular, ddQMSP increased detection of the PAX5 marker from 29% to 71% in the nonradiated imprint cases. Also, PAX5 methylated imprint margins were an excellent predictor of poor LRFS [HR, 3.89; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.19–17.52; P = 0.023] by multivariate analysis. PAX5 methylation appears to be an excellent tumor-specific marker for molecular deep surgical margin analysis of HNSCC. Moreover, the ddQMSP assay displays increased sensitivity for methylation marker detection. Cancer Prev Res; 8(11); 1017–26. ©2015 AACR .
The spectrum of the second variation of the energy for an ideal incompressible fluid

Abstract The Arnold theory of hydrodynamic stability suggests the study of the second variation of the energy on the submanifold of isovorticial vector fields. We show that, in three or more dimensions, the spectrum of the associated Hermitian operator generally ranges from -∞ to ∞. The sole exceptional case is where the velocity field is harmonic (solenoidal and irrotational) in which case the Hessian is identically zero.
Control of the Tarnished Plant Bug, Lygus lineolaris, on Birdsfoot Trefoil Grown for Seed

Studies were undertaken to determine the effect of the control of tarnished plant bug, Lygus lineolaris (P. de B.), on birdsfoot trefoil, Lotus corniculatus L., seed production. The study of populations of the tarnished plant bug in six fields in New York throughout the growing season indicated that a large increase in numbers of this insect occurred toward the last of June. Insecticide applications were made experimentally in mid-June to prevent this build-up. A method was developed whereby the seed yields in pounds per acre could be estimated by counting the number of legumes present in 20 one-square-foot areas. Treatments with aldrin, parathion, DDT, and toxaphene significantly increased seed yields from birdsfoot trefoil when applied to control the tarnished plant bug. These increases in seed yields occurred in experiments having check plots that averaged 16 or more tarnished plant bugs in 25 net sweeps. However, in some untreated plots the tarnished plant bugs were considerably more numerous.
Microcalorimetric measurements of basic molecule adsorption on silica and silica-alumina

The differential heats of adsorption of ammonia, pyridine, trimethylamine, and triethylamine on silica-alumina and silica were determined microcalorimetrically to investigate how the heat of adsorption for a given site depends on the nature of the basic molecule adsorbed. This provides a test of the utility of the Drago-Wayland theory to heterogeneous reactions. Specifically, the acid/base properties of molecules in solution are described in terms of two parameters, the susceptibility of the species to undergo electrostatic interaction and the susceptibility to form covalent bonds. Accordingly, the calorimetric results of this study were correlated successfully in terms of Drago parameters for each catalyst. These parameters describe well the acidic properties of silica-alumina and silica and may allow the prediction of heats of adsorption for a wide range of basic molecules with known Drago parameters.
Amino acid sequence of the phosphorylation site of bovine cardiac myosin light chain

Amino acid sequences of peptides containing the phosphorylation site of bovine cardiac myosin light chain (L2) were determined. The site was localized to a serine residue in the tentative amino terminus of the light chain and is homologous to phosphorylation sites in other myosin light chains. Phosphorylation of bovine cardiac light chain by chicken gizzard myosin light chain kinase was Ca2+-calmodulin dependent. Kinetic data gave a Km of 107; microM and a Vmax of 23.6 mumol min-1 mg-1. In contrast to what has been observed with smooth muscle light chains, neither the phosphorylation site fragment of the cardiac light chain nor a synthetic tetradecapeptide containing the phosphorylation site were effectively phosphorylated by the chicken gizzard kinase. Phosphorylation of cardiac myosin light chains by chicken gizzard myosin light chain kinase, therefore, requires other regions of the light chain in addition to a phosphate acceptor site.
Polynomial root finding and polynomiography, by Bahman Kalantari

Polynomial root finding and polynomiography, by Bahman Kalantari, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pt. Ltd., Singapore, 2009, 492 pp, US $88.00 (Hardcover), ISBN-13: 978-981-270-059-9. Vlatko Ceric ...
Vancomycin-Associated Nephrotoxicity in Adult Medicine Patients: Incidence, Outcomes, and Risk Factors

Objective The prevalence of vancomycin-associated nephrotoxicity (VAN) is reported to vary from 1.0–42.6%, with most data from critically ill patients. Evaluation of VAN among internal medicine patients is lacking. Our objectives were to determine the incidence, time-course, outcomes, and risk factors of VAN in adult internal medicine patients. Design Retrospective cohort. Setting Tertiary care academic medical center. Patients A total of 125 adult internal medicine patients receiving vancomycin treatment with mean baseline creatinine clearance of 84.6 ± 27.6 ml/min. Intervention Vancomycin treatment for a minimum of 72 hours. Measurements and Main Results Nephrotoxicity, defined as an increase in serum creatinine of 0.5 mg/dl or 50% above baseline (whichever was larger), occurred in 17 (13.6%) of 125 patients. No patients with VAN progressed to Loss or End stage as defined by the RIFLE criteria. The incidence rate of VAN was 0.02 cases/day of vancomycin treatment. Nephrotoxicity developed at a median of 4.5 days (interquartile range [IQR] 2.2–4.9) peaked at 5.7 days (IQR: 3.8–9.6), and resolved in 70.6% of the cases within 16.5 days (IQR: 6.0–17.8) after onset. On multivariable logistic regression analysis, after controlling for hypotensive episodes, Charlson Comorbidity Index, and baseline creatinine clearance, concomitant use of piperacillin-tazobactam was associated with increased VAN (adjusted odds ratio 5.36, 95% confidence interval 1.41–20.5). Conclusions Vancomycin-associated nephrotoxicity is prevalent among internal medicine patients, with 5.36-fold higher odds if piperacillin-tazobactam is concomitantly administered.
Properties of Acoustical Speckle in the Presence of Phase Aberration Part I: First Order Statistics:

The first order statistical properties of acoustical speckle patterns are studied as a function of several types of random and structured phase error. Such errors may arise from tissue velocity inhomogeneities or limitations in the acoustical imaging system. In this paper, we review the theory describing the statistical properties of speckle, describe a computer model which predicts the mean speckle brightness in the presence of phase aberrations, and report experiments in which we measure the effect of these aberrations on speckle brightness and variance. We find that the average speckle brightness is significantly reduced by even mild phase aberrations. The phase aberrations studied include focal point errors, random phase errors, and structured errors. Good agreement is found between experiment and computer simulation. We then discuss the implications of these results for imaging through aberrating media, tissue characterization and phase compensation methods.
The Search for a Higher Rule: Spiritual Progress in the Novels of George Eliot

Read in the context of Hegel's Phenomenology of Spirit, George Eliot's novels depict individual spiritual progress toward full self-consciousness through an individual's conceptual relation to the objects of his faith. Comparison with Hegel's Lordship and Bondage paradigm for the origin of self-consciousness shows how Adam Bede's limited idea of himself in terms of his work, which is his religion, expands when other individuals' betrayals of his faith in them reveals that his idea of himself is also derived from his relation to them; Adam is thus baptised into a spiritual communion with a suffering humanity. Comparison with Hegel's unhappy consciousness shows how Maggie Tulliver develops in The Mill on the Floss through her awareness of her participation in such a spiritual communion and how she fails to reach full self-consciousness because she defines the object of her faith as beyond this world. Comparison with the development of Hegel's fully rational self-consciousness shows how thinking about the relation of their objects of faith to their actions enlarges Eliot's later protagonists' perceptions of themselves so that her final, ideal hero, Daniel Deronda, comes to see himself as part of an evolving world soul.
Generalized Modeling of Dynamic Cam-follower Pairs in Mechanisms

This paper deals with the application of homogeneous (4 × 4) transformations to the generalizing modeling of cam-follower pairs. The procedure adopted is generic, in that it suggests a method of incorporating the modeling of cam-follower pairs in a general purpose program, such as MAP (Mechanism Analysis Program, © General Electric Co.) capable of solving the dynamics of multibody systems, in which any of the bodies could be cams, or followers. This development covers both 2D and 3D cam-follower pairs: XY cams, rotary cams, and drum cams. The cams could be dynamic—with single, or two surfaces (or tracked), with the possibility of impacts between the follower and these surfaces, or, kinematic, with the follower being guided exactly in a slot. This generalized procedure allows one to model several cam-follower pairs in a multibody dynamic system. This is useful in studying, for instance, the dynamic effects that tend to bounce a follower off of a cam surface, the contact force generated, etc. The procedure, also, just as easily, allows for the easy studying of the effects of varying the cam surface profile. Several examples have been tried, and some correlations have been obtained with experimental observations.
Effects of opiate antagonists on feeding and spontaneous locomotion in deer

The effects of opioid antagonists on seasonal changes in feeding behavior of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) during fall, winter, and summer, as well as in bottle-fed fawns are described. Naltrexone had no effect on the amount of milk ingested by bottle-fed fawns. After weaning naltrexone significantly decreased feeding in both the summer and winter, with no difference in the effect for either season, indicating that opioids do not play a role in the winter hypophagia or the summer hyperphagia in deer. Similarly there was no seasonal effect on the ability of naloxone to decrease feeding in yearlings during summer, fall, and winter. Naltrexone significantly decreased spontaneous locomotion in the fawns in winter and the fall. In yearlings there was a tendency for the high dose of naloxone to decrease spontaneous locomotion in winter whereas in summer and fall it tended to enhance time spent moving. These data suggest that the endogenous opioid control of feeding in deer is independent of the seasonal effect on feeding and endogenous opioids do not play a role in the seasonal rhythmicity of feeding in deer. The effects of endogenous opioids on spontaneous locomotion do appear to be linked to changes in seasonal activity patterns.
Inhibition by juvenile hormone of growth of Crithidia fasciculata in culture.

THE juvenile hormone of insects is produced by the corpora allata—the endocrine glands behind the brain to which they are connected by several nerves. The effect of the hormone on metamorphosis was first demonstrated by Wigglesworth1,2, but interest in juvenile hormones has recently been stimulated by the important observations3 that the adult male Cecropia moth stores large amounts of juvenile hormone in the tissues of its abdomen. Virtually all Lepidoptera, male and female, contain ether extractable juvenile hormone4,5, now identified as methyl-10-epoxy-7-ethyl-3,11-dimethyl-2,6-tridecadienoate6.
Effect of Guanosine 5′-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate) and Calcium on γ-Aminobutyric AcidB Binding as a Function of Postnatal Development

We have examined the development of gamma-aminobutyric acidB (GABAB) receptors in rat cerebrum using a binding assay that has achieved specific binding levels of approximately 50% with the GABAB ligand (-)-[3H]baclofen. As early as postnatal day 1, GABAB receptors are present and are linked to both calcium- and guanosine triphosphate-binding protein (G protein)-regulatory sites, as indicated by the stimulation of binding by calcium and the inhibition of binding by the guanine nucleotide guanosine 5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate) (GTP gamma S). However, whereas the EC50 for the calcium effect was at a mature value in the neonate, the IC50 for the inhibition of binding by GTP gamma S was not, and declined more than two orders of magnitude by adulthood. Moreover, while many previous studies had shown that manipulation of G proteins by guanine nucleotides affects receptors affinity rather than density, our saturation analysis of binding suggests that calcium affected GABAB receptor density rather than affinity. The results therefore suggest that calcium and the manipulation of G proteins by GTP gamma S may affect the GABAB receptor by different mechanisms.
Finite lifetimes and the effects of budget deficits on national saving

Abstract Even though realistic deficit policies shift sizable tax burdens to future generations, the assumption of an infinite horizon is a good approximation for analyzing a deficit's short-run saving effect on individuals who are neither liquidity constrained nor myopic. Recent U.S. experience casts significant doubt on these assumptions, however, and appears difficult to reconcile with the Ricardian equivalence proposition that the timing of taxes does not affect national saving. Recent deficits have coincided with reduced national saving and a substantial increase in the share of GNP devoted to consumption.
Studies on the use of a novel affinity matrix, sepharose amine-succinyl-amine haloperidol hemisuccinate, ASA-HHS for purification of canine dopamine (D2) receptor

Haloperidol Hemisuccinate (HHS) was synthesized specifically as a ligand for an affinity chromatography matrix. The affinity chromatography matrix, ASA-HHS was developed which had high affinity and capacity for dopamine D2 receptors in solubilized canine striatal preparations. ASA-HHS also demonstrated nonspecific interaction with the D2 receptor. Two fractions, which bound 3H-spiroperidol specifically, with similar one dimensional SDS-PAGE patterns could be eluted successfully with 20 microM haloperidol in only 30% of the runs. Both fractions represented 300-400 fold purification. Two dimensional IEF-PAGE analysis of one of the fractions demonstrated coelution of beta and gamma actin, alpha and beta tubulin with the 3H-spiroperidol binding sites. The pattern of the proteins eluted from ASA-HHS and the inconsistent recovery of active D2 receptors are discussed.
Detonation initiation in unconfined fuel-air mixtures

Abstract The critical energy threshold for detonation initiation in unconfined gaseous fuel-air mixtures has been determined as a function of fuel concentration in air for a hydrocarbon fuel, which consists of methylacetylene, propadiene, propane, and propylene. A similar function was found for 6% by volume n-propyl nitrate and 94% hydrocarbon fuel mixture. Detonation limits of the hydrocarbon-air mixture were found to be 3.3 and 9.8%. The minimum critical energy threshold for high explosive blast wave initiation of the hydrocarbon-air mixtures was found to be 19 kcals at stoichiometric. The n-propyl nitrate/hydrocarbon fuel was detonable over the range 2.8–10.1% with a minimum critical energy threshold of 12 kcals. Propylene oxide-air mixtures were detonable with a minimum critical energy threshold of 4 kcals, and the propylene oxide was detonable in a much broader mixture range than the hydrocarbon or hydrocarbon/n-propyl nitrate fuels. Detonation velocities were measured to be 1830 ± 43 m/sec in 5.0% hydrocarbon fuel-air mixtures, which is in good agreement with calculated Chapman-Jouguet velocities. Measured detonation pressures of 250 ± 20 psi were lower than the calculated pressures of 270 psi. The experimentally measured radii at which wave velocities from spherical initiating charges decayed to Chapman-Jouguet velocities were approximately the same as the calculated critical radii r∗ . Several interesting detonation wave initiation and propagation phenomena were observed on high-speed film and recorded by pressure and impulse measurements.
One- to two-month oscillations in SSMI surface wind speed in western tropical Pacific Ocean

The 10-m wind speed over the ocean can be estimated from microwave brightness temperature measurements recorded by the Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSMI) instrument mounted on a polar-orbiting spacecraft. Four-year (1988-1991) time series of average daily 1 deg x 1 deg SSMI wind speeds were analyzed at selected sites in the western tropical Pacific Ocean. One- to two-month period wind speed oscillations with amplitudes statistically significant at the 95% confidence level were observed near Kanton, Eniwetok, Guam, and Truk. This is the first report of such an oscillation in SSMI wind speeds.
Poly(A) site cleavage in a HeLa nuclear extract is dependent on downstream sequences.

Abstract Efficient utilization of the early SV40 poly(A) site in vivo requires sequences between 5 bp and 18 bp downstream of the cleavage site. We have used a HeLa nuclear extract to examine the sequence requirements for in vitro cleavage. DNA segments containing the SV40 poly(A) site were cloned into an SP6 vector. SP6 RNAs, accurately cleaved and polyadenylated, were detected by primer extension. Cleavage was enhanced by the presence of a cap on the primary transcript, and was inhibited by the addition of 10 μM 7me GpppG. In close agreement with the in vivo results, efficient processing at the poly(A) site in vitro required the specific downstream sequences in the SP6 RNA transcript. These experiments indicate that the sequence in the RNA precursor downstream of the cleavage site, shown to be important for efficient processing in vivo, is recognized in vitro.
Chemical manipulation of soil biota in a fescue meadow

Abstract Formalin, phorate, and sodium chlorate were used in field enclosures to create artificial habitats in a fescue meadow containing (1) reduced number of earthworms, (2) reduced numbers of earthworms and soil arthropods, and (3) reduction of total soil fauna and rate of microbial decomposition. Under these conditions, confined fescue litter initially decomposed more rapidly where arthropods or earthworms were suppressed than in controls with full complements of soil animals. After one year, reduction in numbers of soil animals had no net effect on litter decomposition, with faunal activity apparently having been compensated for by increased microbial activity. Where animals and microbial activity were reduced, rate of litter loss was depressed initially but recovered after 10 months as the effects of chemical suppression of microbial populations subsided. Contrary to the effects on annual loss of litter, elimination of all or portions of the soil fauna depressed rates of loss of confined and buried roots, reflecting the role of animals in fragmenting roots before their decomposition by microorganisms. Habitat manipulations had pronounced effects on the mobility of 134 Cs, and loss of the radionuclide from labelled litter was retarded despite an accelerated rate of decomposition. This effect apparently was associated with proliferation of microorganisms on litter and microbial immobilization of the radionuclide. Immobilization of 134 Cs occurred following chemical perturbations, but only after an initial period of rapid loss resulting from increased microbial activity. Distribution of 134 Cs in soil beneath tagged litter bags reflected the role of animals in element redistribution within soil. Restricted vertical mobility of the nuclide occurred except where chemical application killed vegetation within the experimental enclosures.
Multilayer Film Fabrication Using Flow Injection Coupled with Electrochemical Deposition

A simple method is proposed for the electrodeposition of multilayers using a modified closed flow injection system. The apparatus incorporates flowing streams of electrolyte through a closed atmosphere flow cell for deposition of multilayers. Computer and software control is used to alternate the flow of electrolyte and control the alternating current or potential of the electrochemical cell. Electrodeposition of metallic multilayers of nickel/iron, iron/copper, cobalt/copper, and nickel/copper were used to test the instrument design. X-ray diffraction was used to verify the composition and orientation of the films and scanning electron microscopy was used to examine the morphology of the deposited films. Advantages are discussed for using this type of instrumental setup for multilayer fabrication.