cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Language, Lunacy and Light

Reacting against the ‘theatricality’ of Jumpers and Travesties Stoppard said in 1974 to Ronald Hayman: ‘What I’d like to write now is something that takes place in a whitewashed room with no music and no jumping about, but which is a literary piece — so that the energy can go into the literary side of what I do’. But two years later he was questioning the ‘literary’ as much as the ‘theatrical’. He had now ‘done a little joke play rather quickly’ for Ed Berman and ‘a piece to go with an orchestra’ for Andre Previn, was currently working on a screenplay of Nabokov’s Despair for Rainer Fassbinder, and expressed to Hayman his great admiration for J. B. Priestley’s ‘sheer craftsmanship’. Watching The Linden Tree on television, he found himself wanting to write a conservative play about a middle-class family. ‘I felt I was sick of flashy mind-projections speaking in long, articulate, witty sentences about the great abstractions.’ Having promised Michael Codron a play, he thought of it as ‘a chance to write my West End play, to write The Linden Tree or the Rattigan Version’.
Variation and selection: kineses

The simpler the animal, the more we know about how it works: what makes it behave at all and what selects one behavior over others. This chapter illustrates the processes of variation and selection of individual behavior in some very simple cases – orientation mechanisms in plants and protists. The next chapter describes elementary processes such as habituation, adaptation, and the “laws” of reflex action, which are some of the ingredients of adaptive behavior in higher animals. Chapter 4 introduces the notion of feedback in connection with direct (taxic) orientation. Simple orienting mechanisms Finding the proper habitat, a place not too hot or cold, nor too dry or wet, safe from predators, and with a supply of food, is a major behavioral problem for all organisms. For simple, single-celled animals such as protists and primitive invertebrates, it is the main problem. Since these organisms possess either no or only the most rudimentary nervous system, they must get nourishment and stay safe using very simple means. Their simple orientation mechanisms exhibit the properties of adaptive behavior in its clearest form. The movement of climbing plants provides a good illustration of the orientation problem, and of a simple solution to it. An important objective for any green plant is to gain maximum access to sunlight. Obstacles are presented by other plants with similar requirements. Where the need for light is not outweighed by other considerations, such as avoidance of predation or extremes of temperature or the effects of wind, plants therefore grow vertically and seek the highest, best-lighted point. Darwin, an experimenter as well as a theorist, identified rotation of the growing plant tip (he called it circumnutation ) as a key element in directed plant growth. He describes circumnutation in a hop plant: When the shoot of a hop ( Humulus lupulus ) rises from the ground, the two or three first-formed, whilst very young, may be seen to bend to one side and to travel slowly round towards all points of the compass…From seven observations made during August…the average rate during hot weather and during the day is 2 hrs. 8 m. for each revolution…The revolving movement continues as long as the plant continues to grow; but each separate internode, as it becomes old, ceases to move.
Instructors' Technology Experience and iPad Delivered Intervention Implementation: A Mixed Methods Replication Study.

Instructor facilitation is an essential element in the successful implementation of technology-based interventions in authentic school settings. This manuscript reports results from two studies conducted during the development of KinderTEK, an iPad delivered kindergarten mathematics intervention, to determine the relationship between instructor-reported technology experience and intervention implementation, as measured by student use. Study results show participating instructors had a range of pre-intervention technological experience with iPads and this range corresponded with variable student use in terms of both within class variability of student use and percentage of students meeting the duration of use target. Consistent with previous research, findings also indicate that second-order technology barriers may be most influential on intervention implementation; however, the quantity of barriers reported (regardless of type) was also associated with the percentage of students meeting target durations of use in each class. Lastly, instructors who reported moderate experience with iPads and/or no barriers to technology integration demonstrated the least desirable student use patterns. Implications for technology-based intervention implementation and professional development are discussed.
5-HT1A, 5-HT1B and 5-HT2 receptor agonists induce differential behavioral responses in preweanling rat pups

Abstract Preweanling (postnatal day 17–18) Sprague-Dawley rat pups were tested in both the absence and presence of milk following administration of various doses of the 5-HT 1A agonists 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin (8-OH-DPAT) or ipsapirone, the 5-HT 1B agonist 1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazine (mCPP) or the 5-HT 2 agonist 1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4- iodo-phenyl)-2-aminopropane (DOI). 8-OH-DPAT decreased mouthing while ipsapirone, mCPP and DOI had no effect upon this behavior. However, all four agonists significantly decreased grooming. Both 8-OH-DPAT and mCPP produced alterations in limb positioning, with 8-OH-DPAT administration resulting in a poor control of the hindlimbs and mCPP inducing a hindlimb straddle position. These functional responses to 5-HT 1A , 5-HT 1B and 5-HT 2 agonists in preweanling pups vary from those observed previously in neonates. For instances, whereas inhibitory effects of 5-HT 1A stimulation on mouthing are observed in both neonatal and preweanling pups, facilitory effects of 5-HT 1B and 5-HT 2 stimulation are only seen in neonates. These ontogenetic alterations may be related to the previously reported ontogenetic reversal in the effect of serotonergic activation upon mouthing and suckling that occurs during the neonatal to weanling age period.
Multidestination Protocols for Tactical Radio Networks

Multidestination protocol concepts suitable for survivable tactical command and control systems are presented. Specifically, the multidestination protocol concepts have been developed to provide efficient use of communication resources for broadcast types of networks such as packet radio. As in packet radio, these protocol concepts are distributed and survivable. The management of multidestination groups for tactical communication systems must address requirements not applicable to more conventional data communication systems such as local area networks and the ARPANET. Extensions to the proposed Internet Group Multicast Protocol standard are described. Multidestination routing concepts, consisting of a multicast and a broadcast routing protocol, for packet radio networks are presented. These multidestination routing concepts will be implemented in packet radio as extensions to the distributed stationless routing protocol currently used.
Impacts of Surface Site Coordination on Arsenate Adsorption: Macroscopic Uptake and Binding Mechanisms on Aluminum Hydroxide Surfaces.

Aluminum hydroxides play important roles in regulating the fate and transport of contaminants and nutrients in soils and aquatic systems. Like many metal oxides, these minerals display surface functional groups in a series of coordination states, each of which may differ in its affinity for adsorbates. The distribution of functional group types varies among distinct surfaces of aluminum hydroxides, and we thus hypothesize that the adsorption behavior and mechanisms will show a dependence on particle morphology. To test this hypothesis, we investigate arsenate adsorption on two aluminum hydroxide polymorphs with distinct particle morphologies, gibbsite [γ-Al(OH)3] and bayerite [α-Al(OH)3], at pH 4 and 7. Synthetic gibbsite platelets expose large (001) basal surfaces predicted to be terminated by doubly coordinated functional groups (>Al2OH). In contrast, synthetic bayerite microrods display mainly edge surfaces (parallel to the c axis) containing abundant singly coordinated functional groups (>AlOH2). Macr...
The Tobacco 21 Movement and Electronic Nicotine Delivery System Use Among Youth

* Abbreviations: ENDS — : electronic nicotine delivery system FDA — : Food and Drug Administration MLSA — : minimum legal sales age Cigarette smoking prevalence in the United States has significantly decreased over the past few decades to 15.1% among adults1 and 9.3% among high school students.2 Declines are a result of a variety of tobacco control initiatives, including limits on tobacco marketing, higher per-unit cost of tobacco products, clean air legislation, mass media campaigns, and reductions in youth access.3 At the same time, use of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) has rapidly increased.2 The role of ENDS in reducing or exacerbating population-level morbidity and mortality from tobacco products remains hotly contested. The increased use of ENDS, and the fact that smoking remains the leading cause of preventable death in the United States3 indicate that additional policy interventions are needed to work toward the tobacco “endgame.” One such intervention is raising the minimum legal sales age (MLSA) to 21 years.4 As more states and localities enact Tobacco 21 laws, it is important to consider how such policies, initially designed to decrease combustible cigarette and other tobacco use, will interact with ENDS use patterns among youth. How … Address correspondence to Clare Meernik, MPH, Department of Family Medicine, University of North Carolina, 590 Manning Dr, CB 7595, Chapel Hill, NC 27599. E-mail: cmeernik{at}email.unc.edu
Destabilization of B2 RNA by EZH2 Activates the Stress Response

Summary More than 98% of the mammalian genome is noncoding, and interspersed transposable elements account for ∼50% of noncoding space. Here, we demonstrate that a specific interaction between the polycomb protein EZH2 and RNA made from B2 SINE retrotransposons controls stress-responsive genes in mouse cells. In the heat-shock model, B2 RNA binds stress genes and suppresses their transcription. Upon stress, EZH2 is recruited and triggers cleavage of B2 RNA. B2 degradation in turn upregulates stress genes. Evidence indicates that B2 RNA operates as a "speed bump" against advancement of RNA polymerase II, and temperature stress releases the brakes on transcriptional elongation. These data attribute a new function to EZH2 that is independent of its histone methyltransferase activity and reconcile how EZH2 can be associated with both gene repression and activation. Our study reveals that EZH2 and B2 together control activation of a large network of genes involved in thermal stress.
Acculturative Stress, Parental and Professor Attachment, and College Adjustment in Asian International Students.

This study examined parental and professor attachment as buffers against acculturative stress and as predictors of college adjustment of 210 Asian international students (AISs). Moderated hierarchical regression analyses revealed that acculturative stress negatively and secure parental and professor attachment positively predicted academic integration. Secure professor attachment positively predicted grade point average. Mother attachment may buffer against acculturative stress on academic integration; father attachment may exacerbate it. Counselors may use these findings to enhance AISs' attachment functioning for their college adjustment. Este estudio examino el apego parental y el apego al profesor como protectores contra el estres aculturativo y como indicadores de adaptacion al entorno academico en 210 estudiantes internacionales asiaticos (AIS, por sus siglas en ingles). Los analisis de regresion jerarquica moderada revelaron que el estres aculturativo fue un indicador negativo de integracion academica, mientras que el apego parental y el apego al profesor fueron indicadores positivos. El apego seguro al profesor fue un indicador positivo de la media de las calificaciones academicas. El apego materno puede proteger contra el estres aculturativo en la integracion academica; el apego paterno puede agravarlo. Los consejeros pueden usar estos descubrimientos para enfatizar el funcionamiento del apego en los AIS para su adaptacion al entorno academico.
Mechanisms of influence for weight loss in popular women’s health media: a content analysis of health and fitness magazines

ABSTRACTThe present study identifies persuasive message variables from social cognitive and persuasion theories in top-selling women’s health and fitness magazines. Findings from a content analysis of articles (n = 240) reveal that message efficacy, evidence types (narrative and statistical), and issue-relevant sources were widespread throughout the sample with at least one persuasive element appearing in 84% of the articles examined. Results suggest magazine messages may be instilling false confidence in one’s ability to achieve unattainable results through impractical strategies and time periods. The current study informs health message design by defining and operationalizing intrinsic message properties representing theoretical constructs central to health-behavior change.
WEE1 Kinase Inhibitor AZD1775 Has Preclinical Efficacy in LKB1-Deficient Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer

G1-S checkpoint loss contributes to carcinogenesis and increases reliance upon the G2-M checkpoint for adaptation to stress and DNA repair, making G2-M checkpoint inhibition a target for novel therapeutic development. AZD1775, an inhibitor against the critical G2-M checkpoint protein WEE1, is currently in clinical trials across a number of tumor types. AZD1775 and DNA-damaging agents have displayed favorable activity in several preclinical tumor models, often in the molecular context of TP53 loss. Whether AZD1775 efficacy is modulated by other molecular contexts remains poorly understood. The tumor suppressor serine/threonine kinase 11 (LKB1/STK11) is one of the most frequently mutated genes in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and is commonly comutated with oncogenic KRAS mutations. We investigated the preclinical effects of AZD1775 in the context of KRAS/LKB1 in NSCLC. Using NSCLC cell lines, we found that AZD1775 alone and in combination with DNA-damaging agents (e.g., cisplatin and radiation) decreased tumor cell viability in LKB1-deficient NSCLC cells. In vitro, LKB1 deficiency enhanced DNA damage and apoptosis in response to AZD1775 exposure compared with wild-type LKB1 cells. In a genetically engineered mouse model of mutant Kras with concomitant loss of Lkb1, combined AZD1775 and cisplatin extended overall survival compared with cisplatin alone. Our data suggest that lack of phosphorylation of LKB1 by ATM was involved in AZD1775-mediated cytotoxicity. Collectively, these findings provide a clinical application for AZD1775 with DNA-damaging agents in KRAS/LKB1 NSCLC. Cancer Res; 77(17); 4663-72. ©2017 AACR.
Treatment of Psychosis in College Counseling Centers: Therapist Experiences and Recommendations

This qualitative study examined the treatment of psychosis in college counseling centers. The goals were to find out how student-patients present, how therapists approached treatment with students ...
Minimizing variance in Care of Pediatric Blunt Solid Organ Injury through Utilization of a hemodynamic-driven protocol: a multi-institution study.

Abstract Background An expedited recovery protocol for management of pediatric blunt solid organ injury (spleen, liver, and kidney) was instituted across two Level 1 Trauma Centers, managed by nine pediatric surgeons within three hospital systems. Methods Data were collected for 18months on consecutive patients after protocol implementation. Patient demographics (including grade of injury), surgeon compliance, National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) complications, direct hospital cost, length of stay, time in the ICU, phlebotomy, and re-admission were compared to an 18-month control period immediately preceding study initiation. Results A total of 106 patients were treated (control=55, protocol=51). Demographics were similar among groups, and compliance was 78%. Hospital stay (4.6 vs. 3.5days, p=0.04), ICU stay (1.9 vs. 1.0days, p=0.02), and total phlebotomy (7.7 vs. 5.3 draws, p=0.007) were significantly less in the protocol group. A decrease in direct hospital costs was also observed ($11,965 vs. $8795, p=0.09). Complication rates (1.8% vs. 3.9%, p=0.86, no deaths) were similar. Conclusions An expedited, hemodynamic-driven, pediatric solid organ injury protocol is achievable across hospital systems and surgeons. Through implementation we maintained quality while impacting length of stay, ICU utilization, phlebotomy, and cost. Future protocols should work to further limit resource utilization. Type of study Retrospective cohort study. Level of evidence Level II.
Poldip2 Activates the Rho Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor Ect2 To Regulate Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation

Introduction NADPH oxidase (Nox)-mediated generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Rho GTPase signaling play a vital role in vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) physiology and their aberrant signaling contributes to vascular disease. Polymerase δ-interacting protein 2 (Poldip2) modulates both Nox and Rho activity, yet the mechanisms are unknown. Here we explore how Poldip2 enhances Rho GTPase activation. Methods A nucleotide-free-RhoA pulldown followed by mass spectrometry was used to identify Rho activators, guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs), that are stimulated upon Poldip2 overexpression. These pulldowns followed by western blot were subsequently used to examine the activity of the identified GEF. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments were performed to look for direct interaction and immuno-fluorescence microscopy was used to examine subcellular localization and cytokinesis defects (via multinucleated cells). Finally, proliferation was examined by counting cells post-treatment with siRNA. Results The RhoGEF, Epithelial cell transforming sequence 2 (Ect2), is activated by overexpression of Poldip2 (>2-fold, p=2e-7) in VSMCs. However, no interaction was observed between Poldip2 and Ect2, nor did Poldip2 regulate Ect2 subcellular localization. Nox4 is not required for Poldip2-driven Ect2 activation, as Ect2 activation in Nox4 knockout VSMCs is even more dramatic (>5 fold, p=0.001) than in wild type cells. Instead, depletion of Nox1 inhibits the activation of Ect2 by Poldip2. Consistent with ROS derived from Nox1 activating Ect2, the ROS scavenger N-acetyl-cysteine blocks Poldip2-driven Ect2 activation. Depletion of Ect2 or Poldip2 inhibits VSMC proliferation (p Conclusions Poldip2 activates Ect2, via ROS generated by Nox1, to regulate VSMC cytokinesis and promote proliferation.
Risk of Dental Implant Failure Associated With Medication Use.

Purpose The probability of achieving important clinical outcomes is an increasingly important factor for patients considering various treatment options for tooth loss. For oral reconstruction involving dental implants, the patient-specific risks of implant failure may be influenced by the patient's medication profile. The purpose of this study was to identify associations between dental implant failure and medication use in a consecutive series of patients seen from October 1983 through December 2014 at the Department of Dental Specialties, Mayo Clinic (Rochester, Minnesota). Materials and methods In this patient-level analysis, demographic, implant-specific, and medical profile data were abstracted from a prospective clinical database and individual medical records and used to determine the time to first implant failure. Implant failure-free survival at the patient level was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Associations of demographic characteristics and medication use with implant failure were evaluated by using Cox proportional hazards regression models and summarized with hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Results In the 31-year study period, 6358 patients received their first dental implant (median age, 53 years). The median follow-up duration of the 5645 patients whose implants did not fail was 5.8 years, and 713 patients had implant failure (median, 0.6 years). All associations were adjusted for age, sex, and era of implantation because these features strongly influence medication use and implant failure. After adjustment, no medication increased the risk of implant failure in the cohort; specifically, medication use at the time of implant placement or starting a medication after implant placement did not increase the risk of implant failure. Among the medications used at the time of implant placement, corticosteroids were associated with a reduced risk of implant failure (hazard ratio, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.67-0.99; p = 0.04). This association was not seen when corticosteroids were started after implant placement. Conclusion In the population studied, medication use was not associated with an increased risk of dental implant failure.
Modeling the poroelastic response to megathrust earthquakes: A look at the 2012 Mw 7.6 Costa Rican event

Abstract We model the subsurface hydrologic response to the 7.6 Mw subduction zone earthquake that occurred on the plate interface beneath the Nicoya peninsula in Costa Rica on September 5, 2012. The regional-scale poroelastic model of the overlying plate integrates seismologic, geodetic and hydrologic data sets to predict the post-seismic poroelastic response. A representative two-dimensional model shows that thrust earthquakes with a slip width less than a third of their depth produce complex multi-lobed pressure perturbations in the shallow subsurface. This leads to multiple poroelastic relaxation timescales that may overlap with the longer viscoelastic timescales. In the three-dimensional model, the complex slip distribution of 2012 Nicoya event and its small width to depth ratio lead to a pore pressure distribution comprising multiple trench parallel ridges of high and low pressure. This leads to complex groundwater flow patterns, non-monotonic variations in predicted well water levels, and poroelastic relaxation on multiple time scales. The model also predicts significant tectonically driven submarine groundwater discharge off-shore. In the weeks following the earthquake, the predicted net submarine groundwater discharge in the study area increases, creating a 100 fold increase in net discharge relative to topography-driven flow over the first 30 days. Our model suggests the hydrological response on land is more complex than typically acknowledged in tectonic studies. This may complicate the interpretation of transient post-seismic surface deformations. Combined tectonic-hydrological observation networks have the potential to reduce such ambiguities.
Reaching and Grasping

This chapter discusses the development of reaching and grasping. It also explores the visual guidance issues. One issue concerns vision and movement: given that one relies extensively on vision to help guide the hand movements, one might expect the mappings between vision and movement to be rigid by the time one reaches adulthood. The available evidence suggests otherwise. There is surprising flexibility in the mappings between the motor system and visual system. Similarly, there is considerable flexibility in the mappings between vision and touch. Why this is and how it is possible are also described in the chapter. Moreover, manual aiming performance is discussed, pri-marily in adults. In manual aiming tasks, subjects typically try to touch a target as quickly as possible. The research question is how quickly the target can be reached depending on its distance from the start position, its size, and other factors. Detailed analyses of aiming movements indicate that the maximum speed of target attainment reflects a sophisticated balance of preprogramming and correction based on feedback.
A Strategic Manufacturing Capacity and Supply Chain Network Design Contingency Planning Approach

We develop a contingency planning methodology for how a firm would build a global supply chain network with reserve manufacturing capacity which can be strategically deployed by the firm in the event actual demand exceeds forecast. The contingency planning approach is comprised of: (1) a strategic network design model for finding the profit maximizing plant locations, manufacturing capacity and inventory investments, and production level and product distribution; and (2) a scenario planning and risk assessment scheme to analyze the costs and benefits of alternative levels of manufacturing capacity and inventory investments. We develop an efficient heuristic procedure to solve the model. We show numerically how a firm would use our approach to explore and weigh the potential upside benefits and downside risks of alternative strategies.
Preoperative Parathyroid Imaging: Trends in Utilization and Comparative Accuracy of Sonography, Scintigraphy, and 4-Dimensional Computed Tomography.

OBJECTIVE The purposes of this study were to describe trends in parathyroid imaging utilization and to compare the sensitivities of sonography, scintigraphy, and 4-dimensional computed tomography (4DCT) in different imaging algorithms. METHODS A retrospective review of consecutive patients who underwent parathyroid surgery from 2009 to 2014 was performed. Utilization and accuracy were compared for sonography, scintigraphy, and 4DCT. RESULTS The study population was composed of 604 patients with 850 adenomas or hyperplastic glands. Sonography was the most common imaging modality, performed in 91.2% (551/604) of patients. The utilization of 4DCT increased in the study period from 1.5% (2/133) in 2009-2010 to 75.8% (72/95) in 2013-2014 (P < 0.01). The overall sensitivities of sonography, scintigraphy, and 4DCT, regardless of order of imaging or imaging algorithm, were 58.6% (456/778), 49.1% (317/645), and 82.3% (121/147), respectively (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Four-dimensional CT has the highest sensitivity for localization of parathyroid adenomas regardless of order of imaging or imaging algorithm.
Structural Recombination and Innovation: Roles of technological capability, diversity and coherence

This paper examines how structural recombination of business units within firms may serve as a mechanism for knowledge reconfiguration and affect firm innovation. We argue that one way in which kno...
Intercondylar Notch Impingement of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament: A Cadaveric In Vitro Study Using Robots.

Background. Research has indicated that a smaller intercondylar notch could cause contact between the anterior cruciate ligament and the femoral notch, which may predispose individuals to an increased rate of anterior cruciate ligament injury. Hypothesis. Contact between the lateral notch wall and the anterior cruciate ligament does increase the strain past the structural integrity of the ligament. Study Design. A descriptive laboratory study. Methods. A biomechanical study using robotic manipulators was conducted to investigate the occurrence of impingement in human cadaver specimens. Six cadaveric knees from six donors (three male and three female) were instrumented with a thin force sensor, placed on the lateral wall of the femoral condyle, and a differential variable reluctance transducer (DVRT) was attached to the middle section of the anterior medial bundle of the ACL. The knees were then moved through a series of flexion (5° to 90°), valgus (0 to 7.5°), and external rotation (0 to 7.5°) movements using two interacting robots. Results. The results revealed that impingement occurred in both male and female specimens with a maximum impingement force of 28 N. Impingement occurred more prominently in female knees and in the combination loading of valgus and external rotation for both genders. The corresponding strain due to impingement was small or compressive, with the male knee maximum strain less than 1.28% and the female knee strain less than 7.1% in the worse case conditions. Conclusion. The lack of increased force or strain when impingement occurred indicates that impingement may not affect the healthy function of the knee with a nonstenotic notch. Additionally, the analysis shows that impingement may not be a major contributing factor to anterior cruciate ligament injury, but rather a common occurrence in healthy knees. Clinical Relevance. Impingement within the femoral notch does not appear to be a major contributory factor to ACL injury. Other more severe injuries to the knee would occur before ACL impingement with the femoral notch becoming a contributing factor to ACL injury. The small sample size limits the conclusivity of the results presented in this research; thus, additional large sample size studies are warranted.
Redox-Mediated Bromate Based Electrochemical Energy System

A promising redox-mediated bromate-ion (BrO3−) based system was investigated through research combined with mathematical modeling, analytical study, and full-cell test to understand the characteristic effect of electrochemical reaction coupled with chemical reaction, called catalytic regenerative reaction (EC'), on the cell behaviors. From the full-cell based discharge test, a unique unsteady behavior induced by the catalytic regenerative reaction was found for the first time, and to understand the underlying physics and nature of the system, theoretical study was conducted through mathematical modeling and analytical method. Three reaction mechanisms (E, EC, and EC') were compared in their characteristic reaction behaviors to understand the nature of each reaction mechanism, and the results were analyzed with respect to reaction time and species concentration at the electrode surface. Furthermore, the effect of actual condition of bromate system (i.e. non-unity stoichiometry and limited amount of bromate) was analyzed at unsteady condition for the first time to understand its characteristic behavior in the actual battery condition. It was found that cell voltage and operation time were increased substantially by the catalytic regenerative reaction, and inclusion of non-unity stoichiometric coefficients induced a significant change in the concentration profiles for reactant and product species, leading to operation time about 4.2 times longer than the unity stoichiometric EC' reaction. As a final step, the effect of catalytic reaction was analyzed in analytical method to define the parameters to control the catalytic reaction, and especially, the relative effect of electrochemical reaction and coupled chemical reaction rates on the autocatalytic reaction was compared through a zone diagram where conditions for pure diffusion controlled and pure kinetic controlled cases were defined.
Make a Joyful Noise: Integrating Music into Child Psychiatry Evaluation and Treatment

Music is a significant part of daily life for most youth, affording clinical opportunities to cultivate positive emotions, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment. Clinical inquiry into what types of music elicit different emotions, how music fits into daily life routines, how music connects one to others, and how music anchors life events can improve the clinician-patient alliance and patient well-being practices. Music may be useful in home and school settings to help youth manage diverse moods. Practicing an instrument effectively accelerates accomplishment and pleasure, which applies to other life activities.
Perfluorocarbon nanoemulsion promotes the delivery of reducing equivalents for electricity-driven microbial CO2 reduction

Combining inorganic catalysts with CO2-fixing microorganisms has displayed a high efficiency for electricity-driven CO2 reduction. However, the maximum throughput can be limited by the low solubility of mediators, such as H2, that deliver reducing equivalents from the electrodes to the microbes. Here we report that the introduction of a biocompatible perfluorocarbon nanoemulsion as a H2 carrier increases the throughput of CO2 reduction into acetic acid by 190%. With the acetogen Sporomusa ovata as a model system, an average acetate titre of 6.4 ± 1.1 g l−1 (107 mM) was achieved in four days with close to 100% Faradaic efficiency. This is equivalent to a productivity of 1.1 mM h−1, among the highest in bioelectrochemical systems. A mechanistic investigation shows that the non-specific binding of perfluorocarbon nanoemulsions promotes the kinetics of H2 transfer and subsequent oxidation by more than threefold. Introducing nanoscale gas carriers is viable to alleviate throughput bottlenecks in the electricity-driven microbial CO2 reduction into commodity chemicals. H2 is a promising mediator of electrons from electrodes to microbes for chemicals production from CO2—but its low solubility limits the productivity. This work reports nanoemulsions as H2 carriers that improve the solubility and transfer kinetics of H2, increasing the productivity of the system.
Early Mobilization in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit

Problem: It is recognized in the adult literature that patients who are immobilized, mechanically ventilated and/or sedated for a prolonged period of time, experience decreased quality of life, muscle atrophy, impaired cardiopulmonary endurance, and an overall decrease in mobility at discharge and follow up. Similar research in the pediatric population is limited, and points to an evidence- based practice gap. This has been identified as a gap in the PICU at …
Modeling and Graph Analysis for Enhancing Resilience in Smart Homes

Abstract A number of network technologies applicable to home networking have emerged for various purposes in recent decades. Ethernet and IEEE 802.11 WLAN provide the home network backbone, along with a range of competing technologies for sensors and home automation such as IEEE 802.15.4/ZigBee, Z-Wave, and Bluetooth LE. Technologies in the home vary with respect to their importance. In this paper, we provide a model smart home network and analyze its graph-theoretic properties with an emphasis on the resilience of critical services and connections to the Global Internet. We consider both the network connectivity graph of nodes and links, and our novel technology interdependence graph.We explore the resilience of the network technologies in the smart home in light of complex technological interdependency. We analyze these graphs and discuss properties such as diameter, closeness, centrality, and k-connectedness. We explain why this analysis is a necessary pre-condition for understanding IoT-based smart-city resilience.
Can World Literature link Greece and Brazil? Thoughts on Literary Traffic

Is it possible to juxtapose a Greek and a Brazilian author? What could we gain by reading them side by side? I pose these questions in order to investigate the possible openness of World Literature as a mode of literary study. While this discipline has transcended the provincialism of Comparative Literature, insofar as it embraces large areas of the globe, I argue that, like Postcolonialism, it limits itself largely to the writing of Western Europe, North America, and the former European colonies. Literary tradetions of countries like Greece, Latvia, or Georgia, which don’t fit this pattern or which were colonized by other Empires, are often ignored. I examine two modernist manifestos, written around 1922, one by the Greek critic and novelist, Yiorgos Theotokas and another by the Brazilian poet, Oswald de Andrade in order to reconsider the notion of comparison as well as the capacity of World Literature to accept irregular flows of literary traffic. I argue that both Theotokas and de Andrade strived to engage with writers outside their national borders while criticising the dominance of European literary canons. I suggest that world literature is nothing else than this interaction between nationalism and transnationalism, global and local literary productions.
Potential energy surface of the 12A′ Li2 + Li doublet ground state

The lowest doublet electronic state for the lithium trimer (12A′) is calculated for use in three-body scattering calculations using the valence electron FCI method with atomic cores represented using an effective core potential. It is shown that an accurate description of core-valence correlation is necessary for accurate calculations of molecular bond lengths, frequencies and dissociation energies. Interpolation between 12A′ ab initio surface data points in a sparse grid is done using the global interpolant moving least squares method with a smooth radial data cutoff function included in the fitting weights and bivariate polynomials as a basis set. The Jahn–Teller splitting of the 12E′ surface into the 12A1 and 12B2 states is investigated using a combination of both CASSCF and FCI levels of theory. Additionally, preliminary calculations of the 12A″ surface are also presented using second order spin restricted open-shell Moller–Plesset perturbation level of theory. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2009
Emergencies and Democratic Failure

Critics of emergency measures such as the U.S. government’s response to 9/11 invoke the Carolene Products framework, which directs courts to apply strict scrutiny to laws and executive actions that target political or ethnic minorities. The critics suggest that such laws and actions are usually the product of democratic failure, and are especially likely to be so during emergencies. However, the application of the Carolene Products framework to emergencies is questionable. Democratic failure is no more likely during emergencies than during normal times, and courts are in a worse position to correct democratic failures during emergencies than during normal times. The related arguments that during emergencies courts should protect aliens, and should be more skeptical of unilateral executive actions than of actions that are authorized by statutes, are also of doubtful validity. * Kirkland & Ellis Professor of Law, The University of Chicago. ** Bernard D. Meltzer Professor of Law, The University of Chicago. Thanks to Adam Cox, Jacob Gersen, Jack Goldsmith, Saul Levmore, Anup Malani, Tom Miles, Matthew Stephenson, Geof Stone, David Strauss, Cass Sunstein, John Yoo, and participants in a workshop at the University of Chicago Law School and a conference at University of California Berkeley Law School, for helpful comments. Posner thanks the Lynde and Harry Bradley Foundation and the John M. Olin Foundation for financial support, while Vermeule thanks the Russell J. Parsons Faculty Research Fund for the same. Sean Heikkila and Adam Weinstock provided helpful research assistance.
Amino Acid Nutrition for Optimum Growth, Development, Reproduction, and Health of Zoo Animals

Proteins are large polymers of amino acids (AAs) linked via peptide bonds, and major components for the growth and development of tissues in zoo animals (including mammals, birds, and fish). The proteinogenic AAs are alanine, arginine, aspartate, asparagine, cysteine, glutamate, glutamine, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, threonine, tryptophan, tyrosine, and valine. Except for glycine, they are all present in the L-isoform. Some carnivores may also need taurine (a nonproteinogenic AA) in their diet. Adequate dietary intakes of AAs are necessary for the growth, development, reproduction, health and longevity of zoo animals. Extensive research has established dietary nutrient requirements for humans, domestic livestock and companion animals. However, this is not true for many exotic or endangered species found in zoos due to the obstacles that accompany working with these species. Information on diets and nutrient profiles of free-ranging animals is needed. Even with adequate dietary intake of crude protein, dietary AAs may still be unbalanced, which can lead to nutrition-related diseases and disorders commonly observed in captive zoo species, such as dilated cardiomyopathy, urolithiasis, gut dysbiosis, and hormonal imbalances. There are differences in AA metabolism among carnivores, herbivores and omnivores. It is imperative to consider these idiosyncrasies when formulating diets based on established nutritional requirements of domestic species. With optimal health, populations of zoo animals will have a vastly greater chance of thriving in captivity. For endangered species especially, maintaining stable captive populations is crucial for conservation. Thus, adequate provision of AAs in diets plays a crucial role in the management, sustainability and expansion of healthy zoo animals.
The Evolution of Σ3 Grain Boundary in Strip-Cast Hi-B Grain Orientated Fe-6.5%Si Alloy

A novel high magnetic Fe-6.5%Si alloy with B 8 1.74T was prepared by the method of twin-roll strip casting. The results showed that a sea of Σ3 grain boundaries from the {112} twin boundary were discovered in the FCC solidified microstructure without phase transition, where the solidified embryo ratio was over 20 %. In addition, strengthening grain boundary with inhibitors, some Σ3 grain boundaries were maintained from the process of warm rolling-cold rolling-annealing and transformed into a complete Goss microstructure with the accurate orientation, leading to achieving a good magnetic property.
Retail Investor Trade and the Pricing of Earnings

New technologies have reduced trading costs for retail investors. In this paper, I examine how the corresponding surge in retail investor trade is associated with the pricing of earnings. I measure retail investor trade with the number of Robinhood users holding a firm’s shares. I find increases in these relatively inexperienced investors are associated with a more positive market response to both positive and negative earnings surprises. This manifests in a more pronounced overall market response per unit of earnings surprise for positive earnings surprises but a muted market response for negative earnings surprises. Further intraday analysis suggests that retail investors respond to stock returns following the earnings announcement instead of the earnings news itself. Finally, in smaller firms and firms that are costly to sell short, and for both the most positive and negative earnings surprises, returns drift upward following the earnings announcement when retail trade is high.
Risk Prediction of Nosocomial and Posthospital Discharge Infections in Alcohol-Associated Hepatitis.

Alcohol-associated hepatitis (AAH) is a severe form of liver injury with mortality as high as 30%-40% at 90 days. As a result of altered immune function in AAH, bacterial infections are common and are associated with poor outcomes. However, determining the risk and subsequent development of infection in patients with AAH remain challenging. We performed a retrospective study of consecutive patients admitted with a diagnosis of AAH at two independent tertiary centers from 1998 to 2018 (test cohort, n = 286) who developed infections following hospitalization. The diagnosis of AAH was confirmed by manual chart review according to the recent National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism definition. Infections were categorized by location and time of diagnosis as hospital-acquired infection (48 hours after admission until discharge) and posthospital infections (up to 6 months following discharge). The cohort was 66% men, and the median age was 48 (21-83) years. Corticosteroids were used in 32% of all patients with AAH. The overall infection rate was 24%. Of those with infections, 46% were hospital acquired and 54% were acquired after hospitalization. Variables found to be significant risk factors for bacterial infection included the presence of ascites on admission (hazard ratio [HR], 2.06), corticosteroid administration (HR, 1.70), Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) >23 (HR, 2.61), and white blood cell (WBC) count on admission per point (HR, 1.02). Conclusion: In this multicenter cohort study of patients hospitalized with AAH, MELD score, ascites, WBC count, and use of corticosteroids were identified as significant predictors of the development of bacterial infection. We created a novel predictive equation that may be used to aid in the identification of patients with AAH at high risk of infection.
Case report of nuclear medicine, bone scan imaging on a patient with heat stroke induced rhabdomyolysis.

We present a case that caused a diagnostic dilemma on a bone scan. We also review the broad spectrum of nonmalignant findings that can impact the interpretation of a bone scan and the value of correlative imaging using SPECT/CT for exact localization and characterization of lesions. The imaging features of important benign pathologies-that is, metastatic mimics-are elaborated so that the reader can avoid misinterpretations when reporting them. We elucidate 4 uncommon benign findings on a bone scan. Rhabdomyolysis is a result of lysis of skeletal muscle with release of cell contents, such as myoglobin and muscle enzymes, and is diagnosed mostly through a combination of clinical appearance and laboratory values. Myositis ossificans is the most common form of heterotopic ossification, usually occurring within large muscles. Its importance stems largely from its ability to mimic more aggressive pathologic processes. Myositis ossificans is one of the skeletal "do not touch" lesions. Such bone lesions are defined by characteristic imaging features, the identification of which precludes the need for additional diagnostic tests or biopsies, thereby avoiding unnecessary interventions. Acute tubular necrosis is kidney injury caused by damage to the kidney tubule cells (kidney cells that reabsorb fluid and minerals from urine as it forms). Common causes are low blood flow to the kidneys, drugs that damage the kidneys, or a severe underlying infection.
Greater patient confidence yields greater functional outcomes after primary total shoulder arthroplasty

Background Patient satisfaction is increasingly being tied to reimbursement rates, and patient satisfaction is often associated with improving functionality and decreasing disability postoperatively. This study sought to determine if a total shoulder arthroplasty patient's preoperative confidence in his or her ability to attain the level of activity desired would influence postoperative functional scores. Materials and methods Patients undergoing a primary total shoulder arthroplasty at a single institution were asked to complete a preoperative questionnaire with multiple items including baseline symptom severity measures and their confidence in reaching their level of desired functionality postoperatively (scored 0-10). Patients then completed an identical postoperative questionnaire at their follow-up visits. Associations between the patient's confidence in attaining treatment goals and functional outcomes was established by multiple linear regression models that were adjusted for gender, age, body mass index, baseline 12-Item Short Form Health Survey mental component scores, college education, smoking status, baseline functional scores, and length of follow-up. Results Patients had a high level of confidence that their outcome would match their expectations, with an average score of 7.8 (range, 0-10; 28.4% reported a full 10/10 confidence). For every 1-point increase in confidence, patients experienced an average increase in their function score of 2.7 points ( P = .039) and improvement in their pain score of 2.0 ( P = .033) according to the Penn Shoulder Score. There was no significant association with the patient's 12-Item Short Form Health Survey score postoperatively. Conclusions Patients with greater preoperative confidence actually have significantly better postoperative functional outcomes than their less confident peers even with adjustment for other known risk factors.