cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Treatment of Metastatic Prostate Adenocarcinoma to the Calcaneus

Metastatic skeletal adenocarcinoma is an all too common and unfortunate complication of advanced oncologic states. Mortality rates are usually elevated when bony metastasis are evident, as this signifies advanced disease. The foot and ankle are uncommon sites for metastatic deposits, but may occur. As such, the foot and ankle surgeon must be aware of the potential for such disease, and be able to proceed with an imaging and medical work-up of the patient with foot and ankle skeletal metastasis. The goal of treatment is pain relief and the preservation of functional ambulation, which may greatly enhance the quality of remaining life for patients. A team approach is mandatory to manage the patients with metastatic disease. We present a case of an elderly male with a known history of prostate cancer, who presented with unrelenting heel pain, which upon diagnostic work-up, proved to be progressive calcaneal as well as axial metastasis after a brief period of clinical remission. Operative management coupled with palliative radiation and bisphosphonate therapy provided symptomatic pain relief and maintenance of functional ambulation.
Biogenic Ice Nuclei: Part I. Terrestrial and Marine Sources

Abstract Decayed plant leaf litters from North America, Europe and Asia have been found to contain copious numbers of ice nuclei, some active at −4°C. The abundance of nuclei in a litter was noted to vary according to the climate of the plant's origin; litters from tropical, A-type climates (according to the Koppen classification) contain fewer ice nuclei (103 g−1 active at −10°C) than litters from mid-latitude, C-type climates (105 g−1 active at −10°C) which in turn contain fewer nuclei than litters from high-latitude, D-type climates (109 g−1 at −10°C). The rate of release of freezing nuclei to the atmosphere from in situ litters from D-type climates was determined experimentally: the flux of nuclei active at −12°C was found to be 101−103 cm−2 day−1 during daylight hours. Active ice nuclei also have been found in seawaters rich in phytoplankton; seawaters devoid of plankton are poor sources of ice nuclei. Some of these nuclei are active at temperatures around −4°C and concentrations reach up to 107−103 ...
Effects of Land Crabs on Leaf Litter Distributions and Accumulations in a Mainland Tropical Rain Forest1

ABSTRACT The effect of the fossorial land crab Gecarcinus quadratus (Gecarcinidae) on patterns of accumulation and distribution of leaf litter was studied for two years in the coastal primary forests of Costa Rica's Corcovado National Park. Within this mainland forest, G. quadratus achieve densities up to 6 crabs/m2 in populations extending along the Park's Pacific coastline and inland for ca 600 m. Crabs selectively forage for fallen leaf litter and relocate what they collect to burrow chambers that extend from 15 to 150 cm deep (N = 44), averaging (±SE) 48.9 ± 3.0 cm. Preference trials suggested that leaf choice by crabs may be species-specific. Excavated crab burrows revealed maximum leaf collections of 11.75 g dry mass—2.5 times more leaf litter than collected by square-meter leaf fall traps over several seven-day sampling periods. Additionally, experimental crab exclosures (25 m2) were established using a repeated measures randomized block design to test for changes in leaf litter as a function of re...
Does Increased Spending on Pharmaceutical Marketing Inhibit Pioneering Innovation

The pharmaceutical industry has been criticized for developing and aggressively marketing drugs that do not provide significant health benefits relative to existing drugs but retain the benefits of patent protection. Critics argue that drug marketing increases health care expenditures and provides a disincentive for pioneering drug innovation. However, evidence that marketing expenditures have any relationship to new drug approvals has been anecdotal. We hypothesized that, at publicly traded pharmaceutical firms, increased marketing expenditures will result in a reduced volume of pioneering new drugs in comparison to less innovative new drugs. We also hypothesized that additional research and development spending will result in an increased volume of pioneering new drugs in comparison to less innovative drugs. Results confirm our hypotheses. Specific policy recommendations for altering firms' incentives for the development of pioneering drugs are provided.
Fluctuating Total Head in a Viscous Sublayer

The unsteady viscous sublayer model proposed by Einstein and Li was used to study the character of the velocity history occurring near a smooth wall in a turbulent flow. It is shown that a distinctly intermittent velocity should exist, alternating between a higher, turbulent type velocity with large fluctuations and a lower, laminar type velocity with smaller fluctuations. A supercritical flow of viscous oil was established in an open channel. With the point of measurement far out in the flow (at all times beyond the viscous layer), the total head (or velocity) records exhibited the random character expected in turbulent flow. With the point of measurement close enough to the wall so as to be covered part of the time by the alternately growing and decaying sublayer, the velocity records took on the intermittent properties predicted by the model, with the percentage of time spent in the turbulent phase depending on the distance of the point of observation from the wall. Autocorrelation curves made from the total head measurements indicated a periodicity of the same magnitude as that predicted by the sublayer model.
Political participation in a digital age: an integrated perspective on the impacts of the internet on voter turnout

E-government is the use of information technology, especially telecommunications, to enable and improve the efficiency with which government services and information are provided to its constituents. Internet voting is an emerging e-government initiative. It refers to the submission of votes securely and secretly over the Internet. In the United States some areas have already used Internet voting systems for local and state elections. Many researchers argue that one of the most important social impacts of Internet voting is the effect it could have on voter participation. Numerous studies have called for research on the impact of technology on voter turnout; however, existing literature has yet to develop a comprehensive model of the key factors that influence Internet voting adoption. In light of the gradual implementation of I-voting systems and the need for research on I-voting implications this study combines political science and information systems constructs to present an integrated model of Internet voter participation. The proposed model of Internet voting adoption posits that a combination of technical, political and demographic factors amalgamate to influence the adoption of I-voting services. The study was conducted by surveying 372 citizens ranging in age from 18-75. The findings indicate that an integrated model of I-voting adoption is superior to existing models that explore political science or technology adoption constructs in isolation. Implications of this study for research and practice are presented.
Overview of Recent Results from HSX

Recent results are summarized for the Helically Symmetric Experiment (HSX), which has the capability of running as a quasi-helically symmetric stellarator or as a more conventional, nonsymmetric stellarator. From X-ray measurements, we have demonstrated improved confinement of energetic particles. With central electron cyclotron heating, the density profiles in the quasi-symmetric configuration are peaked, in contrast to the hollow or flat profiles when the symmetry is broken. The difference in profiles is attributed to the lowering of the neoclassical thermodiffusive flux when the symmetry is present. The central electron temperature is ∼200 eV higher for the quasi-symmetric configuration over the nonsymmetric case. The power deposition profiles are similar for the two cases, implying that the neoclassical electron thermal conductivity is reduced with quasi-symmetry. Related to the good confinement characteristics in the quasi-symmetric mode of operation, fluctuations in the density and magnetic field, consistent with that of a global Alfven eigenmode (GAE), are observed. While the neoclassical characteristics of the quasi-symmetric and nonsymmetric configurations are very different, we have yet to find, under present operating conditions, any significant difference (other than the possible GAE mode) in turbulence characteristics or blob formation at the plasma edge.
Development of Printed Power Packaging for a High Voltage SiC Module

Due to rapidly developing post silicon power devices, in particular SiC and GaN, three primary parameters in power packaging: temperature, voltage and current, are much more difficult to manage. The SiC devices are being developed for high voltage (>15kV). The GaN devices will have extremely low internal resistance, operate at extreme current densities (≫10A/mm2), and can account for 300°C) and >10-times frequency compared to Si. The traditional power electronics packaging approaches need augmentation or replacement. Most technologies used in packaging of power electronic systems, or more generally Electronic Energy Systems, are ported from microelectronics. The recent development of printable 3D circuit techniques, e.g. jetting and dispensing, provide additional major approaches applicable to power packaging. Some printing techniques are already applied to solar cells and batteries. This paper explores the printable...
Personal Liability of the Practicing Engineer

AbstractPersonal liability is a topic to which many practicing engineers do not give serious consideration. When it is discussed, the magnitude of potential personal liability is frequently poorly understood. The reality is that engineers can be personally liable through tort law theories even when practicing for an employer. As a result, engineers place all of their assets at risk in the practice of their profession—as do many practicing professionals in fields other than engineering. Similarly, the effect on personal liability of obtaining a professional engineering (P.E.) license or sealing plans is equally misunderstood among practicing professionals. This paper examines the scenarios in which a practicing engineer can face personal liability for mistakes, errors, or omissions made by that engineer. It also explores whether being licensed or unlicensed creates or protects an engineer from personal liability, as well as the liability created or avoided by sealing (or not sealing) plans and specificatio...
The Plastic Problem: A Free Market Solution

Plastic bottles have been considered environmental anathema on many college campuses, and elsewhere in our society. Plastic is seen by environmental critics of the market as particularly harmful, and must therefore be all but banned from polite society. The free enterprise system has been thought to have failed to price this substance out of use. However, the contention of the present paper is that this is not a case of market failure. Rather, on the assumption that plastic is indeed harmful, prices do not reflect this fact due to the nationalization (municipalization) of garbage dumps. If they were privatized, then disposal prices would tend to reflect the harm done by plastic.
Calcium Contributes to the Cytotoxic Interaction Between Diclofenac and Cytokines.

Diclofenac (DCLF) is a widely used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that is associated with idiosyncratic, drug-induced liver injury (IDILI) in humans. The mechanisms of DCLF-induced liver injury are unknown; however, patients with certain inflammatory diseases have an increased risk of developing IDILI, which raises the possibility that immune mediators play a role in the pathogenesis. DCLF synergizes with the cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) and interferon-gamma (IFN) to cause hepatocellular apoptosis in vitro by a mechanism that involves activation of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response pathway and of the mitogen-activated protein kinases, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). DCLF also causes an increase in intracellular calcium (Ca(++)) in hepatocytes, but the role of this in the cytotoxic synergy between DCLF and cytokines is unknown. We tested the hypothesis that Ca(++) contributes to DCLF/cytokine-induced cytotoxic synergy. Treatment of HepG2 cells with DCLF led to an increase in intracellular Ca(++) at 6 and 12 h, and this response was augmented in the presence of TNF and IFN at 12 h. The intracellular Ca(++) chelator BAPTA/AM reduced cytotoxicity and caspase-3 activation caused by DCLF/cytokine cotreatment. BAPTA/AM also significantly reduced DCLF-induced activation of the ER stress sensor, protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase (PERK), as well as activation of JNK and ERK. Treatment of cells with an inositol trisphosphate receptor antagonist almost completely eliminated DCLF/cytokine-induced cytotoxicity and decreased DCLF-induced activation of PERK, JNK, and ERK. These findings indicate that Ca(++) contributes to DCLF/cytokine-induced cytotoxic synergy by promoting activation of the ER stress-response pathway and JNK and ERK.
Imprudence and Immorality: A Kantian Approach to the Ethics of Financial Risk

This paper takes up recent challenges to consequentialist forms of ethically evaluating risks and explores how a non-consequentialist form of deliberation, Kantian ethics, can address questions about risk. I examine two cases concerning ethically questionable financial risks: investing in abstruse financial instruments and investing while relying on a bailout. After challenging consequentialist evaluations of these cases, I use Kant’s distinction between morality and prudence to evaluate when the investments are immoral and when they are merely imprudent. I argue that the investment practices are imprudent when they do not take adequate precautions to secure the firm’s long-term flourishing. They are immoral in a Kantian sense when they risk the destruction of the financial system upon which the firms depend. The upshot of my analysis is that moral actions require more risk aversion than prudent actions and prudent actions require more risk aversion than expected-value-maximizing actions
Resettlement Strategies: For Better or for Worse

High human mobility is a major feature of twenty-first century development. Every year, millions of people leave their homes, whether voluntarily or under-duress. Some resettlements place people in economically or environmentally superior locations. However, in 2014, about 60 million people were forcibly displaced due to conflict, generalized violence and human rights violations (UNHCR 2015, 2). This figure included 38.2 million internally displaced persons—the highest number ever recorded (UNHCR 2015, 23). Conflict reportedly accounts for 60 percent of forced migration; the numbers of people displaced by natural and human-made disasters have been rising over the last two decades with fluctuations from 19.3 million (2014) to over 43 million (2010). Millions more are displaced every year by development initiatives (dam construction and other large-scale infrastructure projects, urban renewal, mining, deforestation, and conservation projects). Cernea and Mathur (2008) estimate that around 15 million people are displaced for “development” annually; others pose that development projects are the single-largest cause of forced migration (Oliver-Smith 2009; Pankhurst and Piquet 2009, 250; Stanley 2004).
Application of computer centralized monitoring system for substation

The main control center in order to set RCS-9001 computer monitoring system application process analysis of the problems found,for example,from the transformer to run the professional point of view research and discussion in three remote computer monitoring system of information and background image specification recommendations and describes the centralized control center features elaborate sets and control center set the background screen machine control system in the background,one or two devices at the remote control,remote,telemetry,etc.should have the amount of information and the future course of development and regulations need to be resolved some of the problems.
Incertitude, Authority, and Milton’s God

Since its initial publication, many readers of Paradise Lost have sensed that something there is weirdly askew about Milton’s portrayal of God. John Peter succinctly describes the problem: orthodox Christianity conceives of God “as the embodiment of perfect strength and majesty…. Certain passages maintain this disposition. What is more significant is that some do not. The result … is to shade or faintly qualify the notions of heavenly perfection we have been entertaining.”1 Consequently, a conflict arises between the orthodox assumption of God’s goodness, His perfection, and the evidence in the poem that seems to undermine those assumptions. Expecting to find a just, merciful God, many readers find themselves confronting a God who is querulous at best, tyrannical at worst. The gap between what the reader expects and what the poem gives us constitutes a Kuhnian anomaly, that is, a result that does not accord with the one expected by the dominant paradigm, and the Miltonic interpretive community has reacted exactly as Kuhn (had he considered the issue) likely would have predicted.
Fast evaluation of probabilistic total transfer capability considering multiple wind farms

Before the rapid growth of wind power, most bulk power system uncertainties came from system contingencies and load fluctuation. However, when large numbers of wind farms are introduced, the stochastic nature of the wind farm output under system normal state calls for a new probabilistic framework for system operation and evaluation, which captures the uncertainty of wind and corresponding transfer constraints of the system. Total transfer capability (TTC) is a measurement of the system's maximum power transfer capacity from a set of source buses to a set of sink buses. In this paper, we propose a fast probabilistic TTC evaluation method that incorporates the less predictable nature of wind farms. The proposed method returns the probabilistic TTC as a random variable that follows a certain distribution derived from wind farm output distributions using power transfer distribution factors. Our proposed method solves the probabilistic TTC in an analytic way. Results from the IEEE 118-bus test case demonstrate the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed method.
Decline in Consultant Availability in Massachusetts Emergency Departments: 2005 to 2014

Study objective Emergency department (ED) consultation is a common practice. There are few data on consultant availability or changes in availability over time, which may hinder resource planning and allocation. We conduct serial surveys of Massachusetts EDs to investigate these trends. Methods We surveyed ED directors in Massachusetts in 2006 (n=61 EDs), 2009 (n=63), and 2015 (n=63) about ED characteristics in the previous year, including specialty-specific consultant availability in person (yes/no) and continuous consultant availability (yes/no). We tested trends in consultant availability ( P for trend) and used multivariable logistic regression to calculate odds of continuous availability in 2014 versus 2005. Results Response rates were greater than 80% each year. From 2005 to 2014, there was an increase in the median number of annual ED visits from 32,025 (interquartile range [IQR] 23,000 to 50,000) to 42,000 (IQR 26,000 to 59,300), number of full-time attending physicians from 11 (IQR 8 to 16) to 12 (IQR 8 to 22), and number of full-time ED nurses from 27 (IQR 17 to 54) to 42 (IQR 25 to 65). In adjusted models, there was a significantly reduced odds of consultant availability in 2014 versus 2005 for general surgery (odds ratio [OR] 0.05; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.01 to 0.35), neurology (OR 0.39; 95% CI 0.17 to 0.86), obstetrics/gynecology (OR 0.40; 95% CI 0.16 to 0.97), orthopedics (OR 0.34; 95% CI 0.13 to 0.89), pediatrics (OR 0.19; 95% CI 0.06 to 0.54), plastic surgery (OR 0.10; 95% CI 0.03 to 0.32), and psychiatry (OR 0.25; 95% CI 0.12 to 0.52). Conclusion In Massachusetts EDs between 2005 and 2014, ED consultant availability significantly declined despite accounting for other ED characteristics.
REGIONAL VARIATION IN HOSPITALIZATION OUTCOMES AMONG PATIENTS ADMITTED FOR HEART FAILURE IN THE UNITED STATES

Background: We sought to evaluate regional variation in heart failure (HF) hospitalization outcomes including in-patient mortality, cost of hospitalization, length of stay, and disposition of patients in the U.S. Methods: This study was conducted using the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) of the
Inducing Stealth Assessors from Game Interaction Data

A key untapped feature of game-based learning environments is their capacity to generate a rich stream of fine-grained learning interaction data. The learning behaviors captured in these data provide a wealth of information on student learning, which stealth assessment can utilize to unobtrusively draw inferences about student knowledge to provide tailored problem-solving support. In this paper, we present a long short-term memory network (LSTM)-based stealth assessment framework that takes as input an observed sequence of raw game-based learning environment interaction data along with external pre-learning measures to infer students’ post-competencies. The framework is evaluated using data collected from 191 middle school students interacting with a game-based learning environment for middle grade computational thinking. Results indicate that LSTM-based stealth assessors induced from student game-based learning interaction data outperform comparable models that required labor-intensive hand-engineering of input features. The findings suggest that the LSTM-based approach holds significant promise for evidence modeling in stealth assessment.
MIND MGMT: Paranoid Nightmares of a Fugitive Reality.

From 2012 to 2015, Matt Kindt created Mind MGMT, an ultra-paranoid world filled with mental hermaphrodites, children books and pop records that cause riots and revolutions and psychic snipers, all woven together through the elusive Mind Management program. Kindt re-creates fictionally both the breakdown of coherence and the fragmented narratives that make up life in the globalized 21st. century, where permanent crisis seems to be the current state of affairs. Kindt uses several devices to achieve this: fragmented and parallel narrative sequences, scaffolded and nested plot turns, fake ads and field guides. At the same time, Kindt draws on several genres and formats that use the search/production of both truth and reality as their dramatic engine: crime/espionage novels, conspiracy theories, investigative journalism and procedure manuals. This experimental comic/essay focuses on how the radical devices Kindt uses in creating Mind MGMT tap into the paranoid desire and fear of finding out how reality is produced, at the same time playing with the materiality and self-reference of the quotes it uses, drawing on scanned images of the comic itself.
An Analysis of Academic Library 3D Printing LibGuides

ABSTRACT3D Printing is increasingly becoming a popular service provided by academic libraries throughout the United States. Many patrons have little or no awareness of this subject matter, so library staff have created LibGuides to promote resources. One hundred LibGuides from academic libraries were analyzed to find which types of resources and which specific titles are being promoted surrounding the subject of 3D printing. Three types of resources emerged in this study: 3D printing and 3D modeling software titles, 3D model repositories, and books related to 3D printing. This article lists and analyzes 3D printing resources.
Lithium niobate phononic crystals for radio frequency SH0 waves

The first lithium niobate phononic crystals (PnCs) exhibiting band gaps for SH0 modes waves have been designed and demonstrated on X-cut thin films. Transmission properties of PnCs have been experimentally studied in phononic delay lines consisting of wideband input and output transducers separated by PnCs. An equivalent circuit model that incorporates PnCs acoustic scattering matrix and the conventional Mason's model has been constructed to accurately predict the experimental results. The measured devices show 20 dB attenuation for the SH0 mode in the stop-bands with less than 2 dB loss in the pass-bands.
Performance of Female CEOs

The authors examine the performance of companies led by women from January 1996 to December 2014. The results show that companies headed by women outperformed the U.S. market, as proxied by the S&P 1500 and Russell 3000 indexes. Firms with female CEOs have higher average and median monthly returns, higher risk (standard deviation of monthly returns), and higher risk-adjusted performance (Sharpe, Sortino, and Omega ratios). Female-led companies also have significantly positive alphas with both the Carhart four-factor model and the Fama–French five-factor model when they form equally weighted and value-weighted portfolios of these firms. These results indicate that firms led by women have created significant value for their investors during the period of our study.
Vadí/Nevadí: puppet play in Věra Chytilová’s Sedmikrásky (Daisies)

This work explores Věra Chytilova’s use of the aesthetics and semiotic space of the puppet theatre in her 1966 film Sedmikrasky (Daisies). Although critical response to the film has frequently high...
Neglect and Balint’s Syndrome

Neglect is a disabling brain disorder, typically caused by a brain lesion. Sufferers pathologically ignore contralesional stimuli. It can be egocentric or allocentric, occurs most commonly in the visual domain, can affect motor movements, and even the visualization of scenes. Although not consciously perceived, neglected stimuli may influence behavior. Neglect is closely related to extinction and Balint's syndrome. Studies on neglect suggest that the type of attention required for conscious awareness is, at least partially, distinct from that required to analyze objects.
Conditional behavior and learning in similar stag hunt games

This paper reports an experiment using Stag Hunt games with different payoff ranges. Specifically, in one treatment for half of the games the payoff dominant and the risk dominant equilibrium coincide and for the other half of the games they conflict; in the second treatment they always conflict. The experiment provides evidence that the payoff range experienced by the participant influences the likelihood of efficient conventions emerging. In particular, experiencing games where payoff dominance and risk dominance coincide appears to make payoff dominance more attractive in games in which they conflict. In the experiment, we also observe conditional behavior emerging with experience. We develop a model of conditional expectations to explain these stylized facts that depends crucially on the assumption that after a brief learning period participants categorize their experience using the same relative bandwidth in both treatments even though the range of experience is twice as large in treatment 1 as it is in treatment 2. The assumption cannot be rejected by the data. The analysis provides a formal example in which increasing experienced diversity by changing the way similar experiences are categorized increases the likelihood of efficient conventions emerging in communities playing similar Stag Hunt games.
Enhanced Neurotransmitter Release by Pyrethroid Insecticides

Using a perfusion system, synaptosomes prepared from rat brain released 3H-norepinephrine in a Ca2+-dependent manner when pulse depolarized by briefly elevating external potassium concentrations. Tetrodotoxin (10−7M) inhibited 48% of the pulsed release and D595 (10−5M), a phenethylamine-type calcium channel blocker, inhibited 27%. In combination, these two specific ion channel antagonists appear to function independently of each other in an additive fashion. Pretreatment of this preparation with deltamethrin resulted in an enhanced release of norepinephrine which occurred in a biphasic fashion with a greater enhancement evident in the second or tailing peak when compared to release in both the presence and absence of tetrodotoxin. Addition of deltamethrin to D595-pretreated synaptosomes resulted in no significant enhancement of release from either peak. This indicates that deltamethrin may be enhancing norepinephrine release by increasing the uptake of Ca2+ via other voltage-gated channels (e.g., calcium) or ion-selective transporters in addition to its action at voltage-gated sodium channels. To determine whether deltamethrin may also have an effect on intraterminal Ca2+ homeostasis, external Ca2+ was replaced with Ba2+ and synaptosomes depolarized with pentylenetetrazol. Deltamethrin enhanced neurotransmitter release over that induced by pentylenetetrazol alone with an estimated ED50 value calculated to be 2.4 × 10−10 M. It is concluded that Type II pyrethroids may be acting as voltage-gated channel agonists in a manner consistent with their structure and activity relationship to the phenethylamine-type calcium channel blockers.
Exploring Racism and Health: An Intensive Interactive Session for Medical Students.

Introduction Growing recognition of the deleterious effects of racism on health has led to calls for increased education on racism for health care professionals. As part of a larger curriculum on h...
A Mathematical Analysis of Neural Autoantibody Clusters Encountered in Sera of 78,889 Patients Undergoing Comprehensive Paraneoplastic Autoantibody Evaluation (S29.006)

OBJECTIVE: 1) Describe neural antibody profiles in serum of patients with paraneoplastic autoimmunity; 2) Compare mathematically their observed and hypothesized clustering frequencies. BACKGROUND: Autoantibodies against onconeural antigens commonly coexist. They reflect a multifaceted immune response against a definable cancer. We present a mathematical analysis of neural autoantibody coexistence. DESIGN/METHODS: We analyzed results for a standardized neural autoantibody evaluation performed in the Mayo Clinic Neuroimmunology Laboratory (2008-2011) on sera from 78,889 patients. The 1.2 million tests included antibodies specific for intracellular autoantigens (neuronal nuclear proteins {ANNA-1/anti-Hu, ANNA-2/anti-Ri and ANNA-3}; glial nuclear proteins {AGNA/SOX1}; neuronal cytoplasmic proteins {PCA-1/anti-Yo, PCA-2, PCA-Tr, amphiphysin, CRMP-5} and muscle cytoplasmic proteins: striational {Str}) and plasma membrane autoantigens (neuronal voltage-gated-channels: Kv1.1 potassium channel-complexes {VGKC}and calcium channels {VGCC-N and VGCC-P/Q}; and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors {AChRs}: ganglionic {g} and muscle {m} types). The frequencies of antibody clusters observed were compared to hypothesized frequencies (i.e., anticipated by chance). RESULTS: At least one neural autoantibody was detected in 9182 patients (11.6%). Observed cluster frequencies exceeding hypothesized included: mAChR with Str (535 vs 46); VGCC-N with VGCC-P/Q (150 vs 6); VGKC with Str (129 vs 67); mAChR with Str and gAChR (84 vs 1); mAChR with Str and VGKC (20 vs 2); VGKC with VGCC-N and VGCC-P/Q (18 vs 0); Str with VGCC-N and VGCC-P/Q (13 vs 0); mAChR with Str and CRMP-5 (7 vs 0); VGKC with Str andVGCC-P/Q (6 vs 1); mAChR with VGCC-N and VGCC-P/Q (6 vs 0); ANNA-1 with VGCC-N and VGCC-P/Q (5 vs 0); AGNA/SOX1 withVGCC-N and VGCC-P/Q (5 vs 0). Cluster-specific demographic, oncologic and neurological differences emerged. CONCLUSIONS: The clustering of onconeural antibodies implicates multimolecular tumor-derived antigenic complexes both as initiators and neural targets of paraneoplastic immune responses. Autoantibody profiles are a measurable immunobiological outcome of cancer and aid both neurological and oncologic diagnosis. Supported by: The Mayo Clinic Foundation. Dr Erika Horta is funded by the McDonald Fellowship from the Multiple Sclerosis International Foundation. Disclosure: Dr. Horta has nothing to disclose. Dr. Jenkins has nothing to disclose. Ms. Smith has received research support from Abbott Laboratories. Dr. McKeon has nothing to disclose. Dr. Lennon stands to receive royalties for commercial assays to detect of aquaporin 4-specific autoan. Dr. Pittock and Mayo Clinic have a financial interest in the technology entitled "Neuromyelitis Optica Autoantibodies as a Marker for Neoplasia." This technology has been licensed to a commercial entity but no royalties have been received. Dr Sean Pittock has received research support from Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
A truly forward semi-Lagrangian WENO scheme for the Vlasov-Poisson system

Abstract A class of modular high order forward semi-Lagrangian (FSL) schemes with a number of advantages (outlined below) for linear advection equations is extended to have high resolution, in the sense that sharp gradients can be captured without loss of accuracy, by means of weighted essentially non-oscillatory derivative (DWENO) calculations based on finite differences. Principally, our approach (the convected scheme, CS) differs from conventional high order FSL schemes in the means by which it reaches higher order accuracy. The high order CS progressed in this work reserves use of a low order histogram representation of the solution and a mass-conservative volume-weighted projection operator which ordinarily produces a second order accurate solution. A higher order version is obtained by compensating for the amount by which the CS solution and the exact solution disagree at every order in a Taylor series sense. Instead of including these error terms algebraically, which changes the projection operator itself, the novel idea of the CS is to incorporate this information geometrically as a commensurate adjustment to the volume-weighted proportion assigned to each cell. We leverage DWENO approximations to compute these Taylor series error terms more sensitively, and show the corresponding WENO convected schemes (WENO-CS) achieve the desired dual high order and high resolution behavior. Fifth, seventh, and ninth order WENO-CS base solvers are presented for the 1D constant speed advection equation prototype, and are employed in a Strang splitting approach for the numerical solution of linear and nonlinear two-dimensional hyperbolic equations. Results are showcased for 2D linear transport and rigid body rotation, as well as for classic benchmark problems for the ( 1 + 1 ) -dimensional Vlasov–Poisson system including Landau damping, and the two-stream instability. The schemes enjoy the usual benefits of semi-Lagrangian schemes (e.g. no CFL time step restriction) while further claiming distinct advantages afforded to forward schemes including automatic mass conservation, compact support, and therefore straightforward parallelization.
Synthesis and Evaluation of N,N‐Di(n‐propyl)tetrahydrobenz(f)indol‐7‐amine and Related Congeners as Dopaminergic Agonists.

The dopaminergic activity of the indole (VII), the tetrahydrobenzindole (XIX), and of the related compounds (IX) and (XXI), synthesized as shown in the reaction scheme, is evaluated.
Getting Developmental Science Back Into Schools: Can What We Know About Self-Regulation Help Change How We Think About “No Excuses”?

Research from education, psychology, and human development indicates that social and emotional skills are essential to success in school, work, and life, and that high-quality social and emotional learning (SEL) programs can benefit students' mental health, academic achievement, and behavioral outcomes. While many schools are adopting an SEL approach, there remains a concerning gap between SEL research and policies and practices related to discipline and behavior management. Following the No Child Left Behind Act and education reform driven by a culture of high-stakes standardized testing and accountability benchmarks, there has been an increase in elementary schools adopting a "no excuses" model of education. This model is characterized by extended time in school, highly structured in-service teacher training, frequent assessments, and "zero tolerance" policies to strictly manage and control children's behavior. These behavior policies are problematic as they run counter to what research tells us about children's social and emotional development. Reactive and exclusionary discipline policies inhibit children's abilities to build and practice self-regulation skills and jeopardize the relationships between students and teachers. The developmental science perspective on children's regulatory skills suggests that the early years of school are a central context for developing and practicing self-regulation with the support of educators and peers. Research also indicates that warm, caring, reciprocal relationships based on trust are critical to learning and development. Yet, this research base is often overshadowed by pressures to improve standardized achievement scores or misinterpreted in the form of hyper-vigilance about children's behavior in the classroom. Finally, the "no excuses" approach to behavior management is used disproportionally in schools serving low-income students of color and thus may contribute to unequal rates of suspensions and expulsions, both of which are linked to negative developmental outcomes later in life. This is particularly true for students who have experienced trauma, in part because the act of social exclusion is often re-traumatizing. This article summarizes research on self-regulation, trauma, and developmental relationships, highlights potential consequences of "no excuses" policies and practices in schools, and presents an alternative view of learning environments which promote effective self-regulation skills in young children.
ISO 14001: REAL WORLD IMPLEMENTATION AND STATUS

ISO 14001 is an international voluntary consensus standard developed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) for developing and implementing an organization’s environmental management system (EMS). It requires that an organization establish an environmental policy with a commitment to regulatory compliance, develop procedures to identify environmental aspects and legal requirements of its operations, and implement programs to manage the associated impacts, focusing on continual improvement and prevention of pollution. ISO 14001 is the only standard out of the ISO 14000 series by which an organization may objectively audit its EMS for self-declaration of conformance or for third party certification.1
Quality assurance and control, product safety and testing

Abstract As I sit here drafting this chapter I look back on a week that has seen three UK supermarkets and one large US craft brewer recall products for various reasons; allergens, incorrect labeling and faulty packaging. Plus, one global brewer being fined a large sum of money for breach of environmental health laws because of effluent discharge. In the case of the recalls they were done quickly, effectively and with minimal damage to both consumers and to their company reputation. Lesson: Things can and will go wrong. Even to the biggest and the best.
Clinical Outcomes of Portosystemic Shunts on the Outcome of Liver Transplantation

Spontaneous portosystemic shunts (SPSSs) have been associated with worse clinical outcomes in the pre-liver transplantation (LT) setting, but little is known about their post-LT impacts. Our aim was to compare LT candidates with and without SPSSs and assess the impact of SPSSs on patient mortality and graft survival in the post-LT setting. Patients 18 years or older with abdominal imaging done prior to LT were included. Exclusion criteria were the presence of pre-LT surgical shunts, LT indications other than cirrhosis, and combined solid organ transplantations. SPSSs were classified as absent, small, or large according to their maximum diameter (8 mm). Multiple variables that could influence the post-LT course were extracted for analysis. Patient and graft survival were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and were compared between groups using a log-rank test. The project received institutional review board approval. We extracted data from 326 patients. After comparing patients without SPSS or with small or large SPSSs, no statistical difference was found for overall patient survival: no SPSS (n = 8/63), reference; small SPSS (n = 18/150), hazard ratio (HR), 1.05 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.45-2.46); and large SPSS (n = 6/113), HR, 0.60 (95% CI, 0.20-1.78); P = 0.20. Also, no difference was found for graft survival: no SPSS (n = 11/63), reference; small SPSS (n = 21/150), HR, 0.80 (95% CI, 0.38-1.70); large SPSS (n = 11/113), HR, 0.59 (95% CI, 0.25-1.40); P = 0.48. Similarly, no statistical significance was found for these variables when comparing if the graft used was procured from a donation after circulatory death donor versus a donation after brain death donor. In conclusion, the previously described association between SPSSs and worse clinical outcomes in pre-LT patients seems not to persist once patients undergo LT. This study suggests that no steps to correct SPSS intraoperatively are necessary.
Management of Cancer Therapy–Associated Oral Mucositis

Mucositis is a common and feared complication of anticancer therapy that can affect up to 90% of certain populations of patients with cancer. Even seemingly uncomplicated mucositis, which is often self-limited, can result in intense patient discomfort and decline in quality of life. Severe mucositis can be complicated by uncontrolled pain, superinfection or systemic infection, bleeding, and dehydration, and severe mucositis can lead to interruptions or de-escalation in anticancer treatment, resulting in worse oncologic outcomes. This article provides an evidence-based summary to guide practicing oncologists in the assessment, prevention, and management of mucositis induced by chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and targeted therapy.
Energy Levels of Au 195

The energy levels of ${\mathrm{Au}}^{195}$ were studied by observation of conversion electrons following the ($p,2n$) reaction on ${\mathrm{Pt}}^{196}$, and by measurement of the energy spectrum and angular distribution of tritons from the ${\mathrm{Au}}^{197}(p,t)$ reaction. Many new energy levels are reported, and several new $I\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\pi}$ assignments are made by combining information from the two experiments.
Electrochemical oxidative valorization of lignin by the nanostructured PbO 2 /MWNTs electrocatalyst in a low-energy depolymerization process

In this study, we have investigated the application of the non-precious β-PbO2/MWNTs nanocomposites, which were developed via a simple wet-chemistry procedure, toward electrochemical oxidation of lignin. Structural characterization of the synthesized electrocatalysts was performed through X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and BET surface area analysis. Cyclic voltammetry (CV), linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), and chronoamperometry (ChA) measurements were carried out to evaluate and compare the performance of different electrocatalysts toward lignin oxidation. The 33.3 wt% β-PbO2 nanocomposite possessed the highest electro-catalytic activity and stability for depolymerization of lignin. Several oxidation products such as vanillin and methyl salicylate were also identified by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GS-MS) analysis. The enhanced electrochemical surfaces areas of the low-cost β-PbO2/MWNTs electrocatalyst combined with its good stabilities offer a promising route for developing an energy-efficient lignin depolymerization process. Electrochemical conversion of lignin-rich waste streams to functionalized compounds is appropriate for production of targeted biofuel and platform chemicals.
Case report of an intussusception presenting after a trauma jejunorrhaphy.

Abstract Introduction Intussusception in pediatric cases are predominantly idiopathic, while intussusception in adult cases are predominantly associated with a lesion. The differential diagnosis for the lesion includes Meckel's diverticulum, lipoma, adenoma, and metastatic disease. Presentation of case We report a case of intussusception in which the lead point was the site of a jejunorrhaphy for a jejunal perforation secondary to blunt abdominal trauma. The intussusception presented as a postoperative bowel obstruction requiring a re-laparotomy and a segmental bowel resection. The postoperative course after the re-laparotomy was unremarkable. Discussion Postoperative intussusception with a bowel anastomosis acting as the lead point is a rare but described complication of anastomotic procedures. Our report is the first in the trauma literature to describe an intussusception led by a jejunorrhaphy rather than a circumferential suture or stapled anastomosis. While rare, this complication is a critical constituent in the differential diagnosis of bowel obstruction after laparotomy for trauma. Currently, no standardized technique or prophylactic maneuver exists to prevent intussusception after an intestinal repair.
Critical content knowledges in the English language arts classroom: examining practicing teachers' nuanced perspectives

Manifest in research, national policy, and instructional standards, the United States has a long-documented interest in teachers as ‘content experts.’ Yet, research offers limited empirical examina...
Development and Implementation of an Integrated Imaging Informatics Track for Radiology Residents: Our 3-Year Experience.

Rationale and Objectives Imaging Informatics is an emerging and fast-evolving field that encompasses the management of information during all steps of the imaging value chain. With many information technology tools being essential to the radiologists’ day-to-day work, there is an increasing need for qualified professionals with clinical background, technology expertise, and leadership skills. To answer this, we describe our experience in the development and implementation of an Integrated Imaging Informatics Track (I3T) for radiology residents at our institution. Materials and Methods The I3T was created by a resident-driven initiative funded by an intradepartmental resident grant. Its curriculum is delivered through a combination of monthly small group discussions, operational meetings, recommended readings, lectures, and early exposure to the National Imaging Informatics Course. The track is steered and managed by the I3T Committee, including trainees and faculty advisors. Up to two first-year residents are selected annually based on their curriculum vitae and an interest application. Successful completion of the program requires submission of a capstone project and at least one academic deliverable (national meeting presentation, poster, exhibit, manuscript and/or grant). Results In our three-year experience, the seven I3T radiology residents have reported a total of 58 scholarly activities related to Imaging Informatics. I3T residents have assumed leadership roles within our organization and nationally. All residents have successfully carried out their clinical responsibilities. Conclusion We have developed and implemented an I3T for radiology residents at our institution. These residents have been successful in their clinical, scholarship and leadership pursuits.
David Oliver: Is more statutory power for the health secretary to intervene in the NHS wise?

One controversial feature of the recent health and care bill is the intention to confer greater statutory powers on the health and social care secretary to intervene more directly in NHS operational matters. For NHS staff, leaders, and organisations, this seems unwise. But I can understand why politicians want to wrest back more control over the NHS, to be deployed when it suits the ministerial, government, or party agenda. In terms of these additional powers, what does the bill provide for? The explanatory notes, doubtless aiming to reassure, tell us that “the powers conferred by this new section are not intended to be powers that the secretary of state would use frequently to intervene in the affairs of NHS England . . . [which] will remain an arm’s length body and will therefore continue to exercise the majority of its functions as it does now.”1 They explain that the annual mandate from the health secretary to NHS England …