cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A longitudinal examination of psychosocial impairment across the anxiety disorders.

Background Anxiety disorders are highly prevalent disorders associated with substantial psychosocial impairment, but few studies have examined impairment within specific anxiety disorders. Furthermore, it is unclear how change in different types of anxiety has an impact on change in impairment, particularly given high rates of co-morbidity. The current study assessed the temporal associations of impairment and symptoms of three common anxiety disorders in a large, diagnostically heterogeneous clinical sample. Method Data were collected from 606 treatment-seeking individuals at an anxiety clinic, most of whom subsequently enrolled in cognitive-behavioral therapy. Symptoms of panic, social anxiety and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), as well as levels of impairment, were assessed three times over 2 years. In addition to examining levels of impairment across diagnostic groups, latent growth modeling was used to evaluate the longitudinal associations of anxiety symptoms and impairment. Results Those with a principal diagnosis of GAD reported higher levels of impairment in some domains at baseline; however, at follow-up assessments individuals with social anxiety disorder reported greater impairment than those with panic disorder. Anxiety symptoms and impairment both declined over time. Change in all three anxiety symptoms was closely associated with change in impairment, but only GAD remained a significant (positive) predictor of change in impairment after accounting for co-morbidity. Conclusions Impairment and all three anxiety disorders were closely associated, both cross-sectionally and longitudinally. Because change in GAD was most specifically related to change in impairment, treatment for those with multiple anxiety disorders could focus on treating GAD symptoms first or treating transdiagnostic processes.
The pragmatics of pragmatic encroachment

The goal of this paper is to defend Simple Modest Invariantism (SMI) about knowledge from the threat presented by pragmatic encroachment. Pragmatic encroachment is the view that practical circumstances are relevant in some way to the truth of knowledge ascriptions—and if this is true, it would entail the falsity of SMI. Drawing on Ross and Schroeder’s recent Reasoning Disposition account of belief, I argue that the Reasoning Disposition account, together with Grice’s Maxims, gives us an attractive pragmatic account of the connection between knowledge ascriptions and practical circumstances. This gives us the ability to explain away the data that is supposed to support pragmatic encroachment. Finally, I address three important objections to the view offered by giving a pragmatic account of when it is conversationally appropriate to cancel a conversational implicature, and discussing when sentences with true content can end up sounding false as well as cases where sentences with false content can end up sounding true.
Role of MAP kinase activation in Nramp1 mRNA stability in RAW264.7 macrophages expressing Nramp1Gly169

Abstract Nramp1 (natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 1) is a phagosomal iron transport molecule. In addition to its anti-microbial activity, Nramp1 exerts a wide range of pleiotropic effects, including increased stability of Nramp1 mRNA and a variety of other mRNA species. Previously, we showed that the increased stability of Nramp1 mRNA is regulated by an oxidant-generated signaling pathway that requires PKC. In the current study, we show that inhibition of ERK1,2 and p38 MAP kinase activities decreases Nramp1 mRNA stability in Mycobacterium avium infected RAW264.7 cells expressing Nramp1 Gly169 but not in RAW264.7- Nramp1 Asp169 cells. Phosphorylation of ERK1,2 and p38 MAP kinases, which could be inhibited by the anti-oxidant BHA and a protein kinase C inhibitor, was higher in M. avium infected RAW264.7- Nramp1 Gly169 cells than in RAW26.47- Nramp1 Asp169 cells. These results suggest that generation of oxidants by Nramp1 iron transport activates MAP kinase signaling cascades that result in stabilization of Nramp1 mRNA.
Dispersion of Gases in Laminar Flow Through a Circular Tube

The longitudinal dispersion of a finite slug of gas has been measured at various velocities by using a gas (1,3-butadiene) that absorbs in the ultra-violet region and passing the dispersed slug through a narrow beam of ultra-violet light of wavelength 250mμ. To avoid effects of differences in gas density, the second gas (1-butyne) was chosen to have the same molecular weight as butadiene. The range of applicability of Sir Geoffrey Taylor’s virtual coefficient of diffusivity has been discussed. The experimental observation that the peak mean concentration passes through a maximum value with velocity has been explained by considering the relative rates of dispersion by convection, longitudinal molecular diffusion and radial molecular diffusion.
Enriching the early childhood expertise of elementary school principals: Can a one‐shot college course make a difference?

Abstract A summer course was specifically designed for principals and aspiring principals to help them become more expert in principles of early childhood education. During the pilot, 10 volunteer participants completed a survey of beliefs on early childhood education before and after the course and submitted a piece of reflective writing each day. Gains in participant knowledge were most notable in the following areas: awareness of best practices in the area of kindergarten screening and familiarity with NAEYC and the accompanying research base of the field. Each participant planned a transformation project, choosing one aspect of the course to implement in the workplace. Through these projects, participants began using NAEYC materials to evaluate and mentor classroom teachers, redesign kindergarten screening programs, and overhaul approaches to parent involvement.
Osteosarcoma of craniovertebral junction

Osteosarcoma is a neoplasm that usually arises in the metaphyseal areas of long bone, and occurrences in the primary vertebra and skull are very rare. A 39-year-old man presented with a 6-month history of neck pain and progressive palsy of the lower cranial nerves on the right side. On admission to hospital, physical examination showed neck stiffness and palsy of the seventh to twelfth cranial nerves on the right side of the neck. CT showed an osteolytic lesion, with involvement of the right occipital condyle (figure A, arrow) and a right lateral mass, of the first cervical vertebrate (figure B, arrow), which compressed the medulla and upper spinal cord extending in to the posterior fossa. MRI showed that the lesion was hypointense on T1-weighted images and on T2-weighted images, with mild enhancement after gadolinium injection. Whole-body CT showed a metastasis in the lungs. At surgery, the primary tumour was partly excised by use of a lateral approach. The mass was greyish and soft, with large necrotic components. The vertebral artery was completely encased by the lesion. Histological analysis showed diffuse infiltration of soft tissues by pleiomorphic cells showing nuclear anaplasia and many mitoses. In some areas, a lace-like pattern of tumour osteoid deposition with striking anaplastic features and pleiomorphic spindle cells was noted. Neoplastic cells stained positively for vimentin (monoclonal antibody, clone V9IgG1, dilution 1:200), and were negative for S-100, CAM 5·2 (monoclonal anticytokeratin 8,18), leucocyte common antigen, and desmin. The patient was diagnosed with high-grade osteosarcoma. The patient underwent craniocervical fixation, local radiotherapy, and systemic chemotherapy with ifosfamide, epirubicin, and filgrastim, resulting in poor clinical results: the patient died 2 months after surgery. Osteosarcomas of the spine usually arise in the thoracic and lumbar tract, whereas most osteosarcomas of the skull arise in the cranial vault. Occurrence in the craniovertebral junction is very rare.
Kinetics of solution of hydrogen in liquid iron, nickel, and copper containing dissolved oxygen and sulfur

An investigation of the effect of surface active oxygen and sulfur on the rate of hydrogen solution in inductively stirred liquid iron, nickel, and copper was made using a modified constant-volume Sieverts’ method. The overall and initial rates of hydrogen solution in liquid iron and nickel were found to decrease with increasing oxygen content in concentration ranges found in the commercial refining of these metals. The results were consistent with a change in the rate controlling step from mass transport of hydrogen atoms in the metal phase to mixed control of a surface chemical reaction and a diffusion controlled process in the melt. For liquid copper the overall rate of hydrogen solution decreased with increasing oxygen content, but the initial rate could not be determined. It was believed that condensation of water vapor and melt surface turbulence interfered with measurement of the initial rate of hydrogen solution in liquid copper. The addition of sulfur to liquid iron, nickel, and copper lowered the overall rate of hydrogen solution, but the effect was not as pronounced as that for oxygen.
Glycerophosphoinositol, a Novel Phosphate Source Whose Transport Is Regulated by Multiple Factors in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Git1p mediates the transport of the phospholipid metabolite, glycerophosphoinositol, into Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We report that phosphate limitation and inositol limitation affect GIT1 expression and Git1p transport activity via distinct mechanisms that involve multiple transcription factors. GIT1 transcript levels and Git1p activity are greater in cells starved for phosphate, with or without inositol limitation, than in cells only limited for inositol. Furthermore, the kinetics of GIT1 transcript accumulation and Git1p activity upon transfer of cells to phosphate starvation media are different from those obtained upon transfer of cells to inositol-free media. Pho2p and Pho4p are required for GIT1 expression and for Git1p transport activity under all growth conditions tested. In contrast, Ino2p and Ino4p are required for full GIT1 expression when inositol is limiting, with or without phosphate limitation, but not when only phosphate is limiting. Greatly reduced transport activity was detected in ino2Δ and ino4Δ cells under all growth conditions. A 300-base pair region of the GIT1 promoter containing potential Pho4p binding sites was shown to be required for full GIT1 expression. Git1p appears to act as a H+-symporter, and neither inositol nor phosphate effectively compete with glycerophosphoinositol for transport by Git1p. Glycerophosphoinositol was shown previously to support the growth of an inositol auxotroph. Remarkably, we now report that glycerophosphoinositol can act as the sole source of phosphate for the cell, providing functional relevance for the regulation of Git1p transport activity by phosphate.
Transcription attenuation: once viewed as a novel regulatory strategy.

The views expressed in this feature do not necessarily represent the views of the journal or of ASM . Regulation by transcription termination/antitermination, transcription attenuation, is a commonly used strategy. It is most often based on selective formation of either of two alternative base-
Vision architecture for motion analysis

Summary form only given, as follows. An examination is made of both low-level and higher level vision architectures for motion analysis. To improve the low-level motion information processing, the need to investigate specific issues related to motion detection mechanisms is argued. These issues are: the use of inhibition inputs, the inhibitory mechanism in motion, and the resolution increase. A structure is suggested for higher level processing which integrates different features of the image in addition to motion attributes. When the implementation of a computer vision system is considered, the mapping of these biologically inspired architectures and algorithms into existing parallel computer architectures is important. >
Lateral thoracotomy for management of recurrent or refractory thoracic abscesses associated with equine pleuropneumonia

isolated 3 strains with different colonies sizes on the blood agar plate, UBA8Ch (0.5mm), UBA8Md (2mm) andUBA8Gd (4 mm). Expression of capsule was observed by negative staining with India ink solution and with electron microscopywith fosfotungstic acid.Diskdiffusion testwereusedas recommended by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). The antibiotic tested were: erithromycin (ERY), penicillin (PEN), ciprofloxacine (CIP), enrofloxacin (ENR), tetracycline (TET) trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMS), cefotaxime (CTX) and florfenicol (FFC). Results were categorized by using the guidelines recommended by the CLSI 2008, 2010 [3]. The capsule was observed in the 3 strains with optical microscope and with electron microscope. The strains expressed different levels of capsule, UBA8Ch: small sized, UBA8Md:medium sized andUBA8Gd: high sized. The UBA8Ch and UBA8Gd strains were susceptible for all the antimicrobials tested. The UBA8Md strain was intermedia susceptibility for ERY, ENR and TMS. The immune status of the host and the guttural pouch environment could influence in the phenotypic characteristics variation of the strains. Itwas isolated three strains froma same sample that expressed different levels of capsule, different colonies sizes on the blood agar plate and antibiotic sensibility. This suggests the presence of different clones of See in carriers.
Tutte's 5‐flow conjecture for the projective plane

Heawood proved that every planar graph with no 1-cycles is vertex 5-colorable, which is equivalent to the statement that every planar graph with no 1-bonds has a nowhere-zero 5-flow. Tutte has conjectured that every graph with no 1-bonds has a nowhere-zero 5-flow. We show that Tutte's 5-Flow Conjecture is true for all graphs embeddable in the real projective plane.
Spatio-angular parallelism in a holographic correlator and random access memory

The same elements of the architecture for a super-parallel holographic correlator can be operated as a holographic random access memory. This shared architecture allows the correlation or memory readout to occur in parallel at all spatial locations and at all angles.
Several levels of EGF receptor signaling during photoreceptor specification in wild-type, Ellipse, and null mutant Drosophila.

Abstract Dominant Ellipse mutant alleles of the Drosophila EGF receptor homologue (DER) dramatically suppress ommatidium development in the eye and induce ectopic vein development in the wing. Their phenotype suggests a possible role for DER in specifying the founder R8 photoreceptor cells for each ommatidium. Here we analyze the basis of Ellipse mutations and use them to probe the role of DER in eye development. We show that Elp mutations result from a single amino acid substitution in the kinase domain which activates tyrosine kinase activity and MAP kinase activation in tissue culture cells. Transformant studies confirmed that the mutation is hypermorphic in vivo, but the DER function was elevated less than by ectopic expression of the ligand spitz. Ectopic spi promoted photoreceptor differentiation, even in the absence of R8 cells. Pathways downstream of DER activation were assessed to explore the basis of these distinct outcomes. Elp mutations caused overexpression of the Notch target gene E(spl) mδ and required function of Notch to suppress ommatidium formation. The Elp phenotype also depended on the secreted protein argos and was reverted in Elp aos double mutants. Complete loss of DER function in clones of null mutant cells led to delay in R8 specification and subsequently to loss of mutant cells. The DER null phenotype was distinct from that of either spitz or vein mutants, suggesting that a combination of these or other ligands was required for aspects of DER function. In normal development DER protein was expressed in most retinal cells, but at distinct levels. We used an antibody specific for diphospho-ERK as well as expression of the DER target gene argos to assess the pattern of DER activity, finding highest activity in the intermediate groups of cells in the morphogenetic furrow. However, studies of mutant genotypes suggested that this activity may not be required for normal ommatidium development. Since we saw distinct phenotypic effects of four different levels of DER activity associated with wild-type, null mutant, Elp mutant, or fully activated DER function, we propose that multiple thresholds separate several aspects of DER function. These include activation of N signaling to repress R8 specification, turning on argos expression, and recruiting photoreceptors R1–R7. It is possible that during normal eye development these thresholds are attained by different cells, contributing to the pattern of retinal differentiation.
Pediatric Horner Syndrome: Etiologies and Roles of Imaging and Urine Studies to Detect Neuroblastoma and Other Responsible Mass Lesions

Purpose To evaluate the frequency of etiologies of Horner syndrome in children and suggest an imaging and laboratory diagnostic protocol to evaluate for neuroblastoma and other lesions in a child presenting with Horner syndrome and no known cause. Design Retrospective chart and data review. Methods A retrospective review of all children seen at a large pediatric neuro-ophthalmology referral center with a diagnosis of Horner syndrome between 1993 and 2005 with particular attention to underlying etiologies and the results of imaging and urine catecholamine studies. Results Fifty-six children met criteria for Horner syndrome and further review. Twenty-eight children (50%) had no previously identified cause for Horner syndrome. Of these children, 24 (85.7%) had urine catecholamine metabolite studies, and all had negative results. Twenty (71.4%) had complete modern imaging of the brain, neck, and chest. Of the 18 children who had complete imaging and urine studies, responsible mass lesions were found in six (33%). Four had neuroblastoma, one had Ewing sarcoma, and the other had juvenile xanthogranuloma. Of all patients (diagnosis known and unknown), neoplasm was the etiology in 13 of 56 (23%) of patients. Conclusions We confirm that Horner syndrome in a child of any age without a surgical history requires a complete examination to exclude a mass lesion. In such patients, we recommend brain, neck, and chest magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with and without contrast as well as urinary catecholamine metabolite testing. However, imaging is more sensitive than urine testing in this setting.
ADVERSARIAL AND NONADVERSARIAL JUSTICE: A COMPARISON OF GUILTY PLEAS AND TRIALS*

Despite the frequency of guilty pleas, researchers disagree about the ability of plea bargaining to provide justice. Critics argue that plea bargaining deprives defendants of due process rights and procedural safeguards Proponents argue that guilty pleas save resources for cases that require trial and allow officials flexibility to tailor justice to individual defendants. This article explores these issues by examining the effect of defendant and case characteristics on sentence severity for 3,269 male robbery and burglary defendants who either pled guilty or were tried in six U.S. jurisdictions, three of which had recently attempted to eliminate or greatly reduce plea bargaining and three with few restrictions on plea bargaining. The results confirm some criticisms of plea bargaining, but refute others. More criminally experienced defendants and defendants who pled guilty at the earliest opportunity did not receive sentencing leniency. Moreover, to a large extent, the same variables predict sentence severity for guilty pleas and trials. In contrast, the results show that defendants convicted at trial received more severe sanctions than defendants who pled guilty, controlling for case severity, evidence, and offender characteristics The results also suggest that the jurisdictions which attempted to control plea bargaining through more centralized control of assistance succeeded in tightening the fit between case characteristics and sentences for both cases adjudicated by guilty plea and trial.
Angular asymmetry parameters of photoelectrons from H2, N2 and CH4; an extended orthogonalized plane-wave calculation

Abstract In this calculation of angular distribution of molecular photoelectrons, the usual orthogonalized plane-wave method is modified by extending orthogonalization to include a minimum number of unoccupied virtual molecular orbitals. Application to the case of H2 gives the asymmetry parameter β as a function of photon energy in very good agreement with experiment. Unfortunately, for other cases studied here (N2 and CH4), the extended orthogonalized plane-wave method does not gain significant improvement in the calculation of β. A brief discussion of future effort is made.
Radiation exchange for a system with partially transmitting wall

An approach is presented for applying the net radiation method developed by Siegel and Howell (1972) and Sparrow and Cess (1966) to systems involving opaque and partially transmitting walls. The results obtained from the basic equations for various values of plate emissivities and temperatures are presented in graphs. Attention is given to the window temperature relative to the temperature of the hot wall and the heat transferred relative to that transferred without the window.
On the Origins of the Salt-Concentration-Dependent Instability and Lateral Nanoscale Heterogeneities of Weak Polyelectrolyte Brushes: Gradient Brush Experiment and Flory-Type Theoretical Analysis

We investigated, by experiment and theory, the lateral structure of a weak polyelectrolyte brush at various added salt concentrations and chain grafting densities. Model poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA) brushes with grafting density gradients were developed for this study by using a novel “Langmuir-Blodgett-deposition-under-compression” (LB\C) method. Fluid AFM images of these brushes indicate that the lateral structure of the brush system is sensitive to both added salt concentration and grafting density. Under low salt conditions, 0−20 mM NaCl, the brush structure shows strong microscopic lateral heterogeneities at high grafting densities; both the width and height of the heterogeneities increase with increasing grafting density but are independent of the salt concentration. As the bulk salt concentration is increased to an intermediate regime, 60−100 mM NaCl, these heterogeneities become smaller in size and number, coexisting with smooth homogeneous regions. At high enough concentrat...
Néphropathies à dépôts d’IgA en pédiatrie : aspects cliniques et approches thérapeutiques

Resume Les nephropathies a depots d’IgA observees chez l’enfant sont la maladie de Berger et la nephropathie du purpura rhumatoide. Ces deux affections seront decrites en detail sur les plans epidemiologique, clinique, evolutif, pronostique et therapeutique. Pour l’une et l’autre, il est difficile de faire des recommandations therapeutiques precises, en raison de la variabilite de la gravite et de l'evolution, ainsi que du manque de preuves definitives de l'efficacite d’un traitement qui soient fondees sur des essais cliniques randomises.
Somalia and Sudan's Race to the Fore in Africa

U.S. calculations regarding Africa have shifted dramatically. The Horn is only the initial priority zone of action in battling global terrorism in Africa. Elsewhere on the continent, a significant amount of other unfinished business also awaits Washington's attention.
Developing an economic IQ in primary care.

Purpose To describe elements of an economic intelligence quotient (IQ) that can be used to enhance the nurse practitioner's (NP) fiscal viability in a primary care setting. Data Sources Anecdotal data from providers and administrators; clinical experiences of the authors; scientific and government publications and guidelines. Conclusions In the United States, managed care cost-containment initiatives have led to competition among physicians and NPs for patients and jobs. An understanding of the economic base of a practice is essential to fiscal viability in this market. Practice Implications When turf and job competition are the norm, it is essential that the NP develop an economic IQ. Knowledge of coding, billing, reimbursement, and documentation are critical to identifying the NP's value to the practice and promoting job retention. The challenge is for the NP to give high-quality, cost-effective, and safe patient care and to be a productive provider.
Interarterial coronary anastomoses in the human heart, with particular reference to anemia and relative cardiac anoxia.

In an unselected series of 1050 human hearts the coronary arteries were uniformly injected at necropsy with a standardized radiopaque mass. Interarterial coronary anastomoses were clearly demonstrated by this method and were studied with respect to their incidence and pathogenesis. Anastomoses were significantly increased in hearts with coronary artery occlusion or marked narrowing in cor pulmonale, in cardiac hypertrophy and valvular lesions, and also in normal hearts from patients with anemia. Relative cardiac anoxia is present in all these conditions; it appears to be a common underlying stimulus for the development of interarterial coronary anastomoses.
Nematocyst lipids of the Portuguese man-of-war Physalia physalis.

Abstract 1. 1. The lipid classes in the nematocyst toxin and nematocyst capsule of Physalia physalis were identified and quantitated. 2. 2. The toxin contained nearly twice the concentration of total lipid (3·44%) as the capsule (1·45%). 3. 3. Free fatty acids comprised the largest fraction of total lipids in the toxin (32·8%) and capsule (42·7%). 4. 4. Cholesterol was identified as the sole sterol in toxin and capsule lipids. 5. 5. Capsule lipids contained 16·3% phosphonate phosphorus. 6. 6. A functional role for toxin lipids in relation to toxin stability and pharmacologic activity is discussed.
Substance Abuse Problems, Psychiatric Symptoms, and Post-Treatment Status in MCMI Psychopathology Subgroups of Cocaine Dependent Males

This study involved cluster analysis of Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-II (MCMI-II) records of 304 cocaine dependent males and examined differences among personality-based clusters in medical, legal, employment, drug, alcohol, family, and psychiatric problem severity at treatment intake and in outcome status during the 12 months after completion of residential drug treatment. A hierarchical cluster analysis (Ward's method) was used to identify 4 cluster subgroups: antisocial, subclinical, neurotic, and high psychopathology. MANOVA revealed that membership in Neurotic and High Psychopathology Cluster subgroups was linked with more severe family and psychiatric problems at treatment intake than found in the Subclinical Cluster Subgroup (all ps <. 05). The High Psychopathology Cluster Subgroup also had more severe drug problems at intake than did the Subclinical Subgroup (p <. 05). Logistic regression analysis revealed that membership in the High Psychopathology Subgroup predicted relapse/loss to follo...
Etched Structures Dependent on Sidewise Motion of 180° Domains in BaTiO3

Sidewise motion of 180° domains in BaTiO3 single crystals during electrical poling with a wet electrode technique results in etch pit patterns strikingly similar to dislocation patterns in other crystals. The etching behavior of the pits is also consistent with that of small 180° domains in this material. Very small inclusions are also revealed in a poled and etched crystal as small round 180° domains representing regions which could not be reversed by the electric field. It is suggested that dislocations in tetragonal BaTiO3, may also be revealed in this manner. The origin of the small circular 180° domains is revealed by a photomicrograph of the “hanging up” of a moving 180° domain wall as it encounters defects during sidewise motion through the crystal. Based on this photomicrograph a wall energy calculation was made for the 180’domain in a BaTiO3 single crystal in which the sidewise motion of the wall is treated as a surface tension phenomenon. Good agreement with the accepted value of 1.4 ergs per cm2 was obtained if a correction was made for the potential drop through the material of lower dielectric constant used in the poling process.
pHo, pHi, and PCO2 in Stimulation of IP3 and [Ca2+]c in Piglet Cerebrovascular Smooth Muscle

Hypocapnia produces cerebral vasoconstriction. The mechanisms involved in hypocapnia-induced elevation of vascular smooth muscle tone remain unclear. We addressed the hypothesis that, in cerebrovascular smooth muscle, increases in extracellular pH (pHo) cause increases in Ins(1,4,5)P3 and cytosolic calcium ([Ca2+]c). Superfused primary cultures of piglet cerebral microvascular smooth muscle cells were exposed to artificial CSF (aCSF) of control (pHo 7. 4, PCO2 36 mm Hg), metabolic alkalosis (pHo 7.7, PCO2 36 mm Hg), or respiratory alkalosis (pHo 7.7, PCO2 19 mm Hg). Intracellular pH (pHi) and [Ca2+]c were measured, using BCECF and fura-2, respectively, with dual wavelength spectroscopy. Ins(1,4,5)P3 was determined by a protein binding assay. Both metabolic and respiratory acidosis treatments increased pHi from the control value of about 7.2 to 7.35. Metabolic and respiratory alkalosis increased Ins(1,4,5)P3, as we showed previously. Metabolic and respiratory alkalosis increased [Ca2+]c about 80% and 110%, respectively. Neither Ins(1,4,5)P3 nor [Ca2+]c increased in cells treated with aCSF that produced control pHo with increased pHi (7.3). In contrast, when pHo increased (7.7), but pHi was maintained at control (7.2), Ins(1,4,5)P3 increased from 123 pmol/well to 307 pmol/well and [Ca2+]c increased 46%. However, the increase of [Ca2+]c was less than with either respiratory or metabolic alkalosis. Thus, hypocapnia-induced cerebral vasoconstriction could involve production of Ins(1,4,5)P3 with resultant elevation in [Ca2+]c. While the Ins(1,4,5)P3 signal appears to be dependent on an increase in extracellular pH, a role for intracellular pH cannot be completely excluded.
Traumatic pyeloduodenal fistula: A case report and review of the literature

A case of a traumatic pyeloduodenal fistula secondary to a gunshot wound is reported. After initial conservative management failed, the fistula tract was surgically excised without removal of the involved kidney. Previous treatments of pyeloduodenal fistulas secondary to gunshot wounds have involved nephrectomy. We present the first case of a pyeloduodenal fistula secondary to gunshot wound managed without nephrectomy along with a review of the literature regarding traumatic pyeloduodenal fistula.
3D Minimum Fuel Route Planning and Path Generation for a Fuel Cell Powered UAV

As the minimum fuel point-to-point optimal trajectories of a fuel cell powered unmanned air vehicle (UAV) are different from the minimum distance point-to-point optimal trajectories when the height differences between the initial positions and the final positions are significant, optimal route plans and flight paths based on the Dubins vehicle may not be fuel optimal. In this paper, a new method is proposed to solve three-dimensional (3D) minimum fuel route planning and path generation problems for a fuel cell powered UAV. The first step in the proposed method is to develop a fuel consumption cost model for the minimum fuel point-to-point optimal trajectories. In the second step, a genetic algorithm with different heading algorithms is implemented to find the minimum fuel route plan for a given list of waypoints. Finally, the minimum fuel flight path is generated by connecting the waypoints with minimum fuel point-to-point optimal trajectories. With the proposed method, the resulting 3D route plan and flight path are both dynamically feasible and fuel optimal. In this paper, we extend route planning problems from two dimensions to three dimensions, as is common with other route planning problems. We extend the optimization objective from minimizing the distance to minimizing the fuel, and we extend the dynamic constraints from the two-dimensional dynamics to the 3D point mass UAV dynamics including the propulsion system characteristics.
Bloom Filter Accelerator for String Matching

In this paper, we present a hardware architecture for string matching. Our solution based on using a Bloom filter based pre-processor and a parallelized hashing engine is capable of handling wire line speeds with zero false-positive probability. String matching modules are extensively used in the network security domain especially in network intrusion detection systems where they are required to operate at wire line speeds. Our analysis shows that our system is capable of matching 16000 strings and achieves throughput in excess of 100Gbps (i.e. capable of handling 10 OC - 192 links comfortably).
Toward sound-based synthesis: the far-field case

We consider the problem of synthesizing the sound at any desired position and time from the recording of a set of microphones. Similar to the image-based rendering approach for vision, we propose a sound-based synthesis approach for sound. In this approach, audio signals at new positions are interpolated directly from the recorded signals of nearby microphones. The key underlying problems for sound-based synthesis are sampling and reconstruction of the sound field. We provide a spectral analysis of the sound field under the far-field assumption. Based on this analysis, we derive the minimum sampling and optimal reconstruction for several common settings.
An experimental investigation of electronic focus groups

Recently, we began applying Group support systems (GSS) tools to tasks and groups that are uncharacteristic of the GSS research literature. Instead of using GSS tools on tasks requiring a solution, a decision, or any threshold consensus measure, we examined the potential utility that these tools have in the area of marketing research, specifically with focus groups. The results of an experimental study to validate the use of this technique are presented. The results indicate that GSS can offer improvements in the areas of, number of comments, focus on the task, and distribution of participation, while not suffering a loss of participant satisfaction. Additionally the results show some promise that the size of focus groups can be increased through the use of GSS technology.
Considerations in measuring vital signs cross section with Doppler radar

This paper describes the different considerations and challenges in measuring human cardiopulmonary radar cross section (RCS). The effect of clutter on the received signal is explained as well as the importance of preserving baseband dc content for valid readings. The center estimation algorithm with dc-cancellation is presented as a solution to restore dc content in the baseband signals and to exclude clutter contribution. The far-field conditions for the target range are revisited. By modeling the human torso as a half-cylinder and assuming unity reflectivity, the ratio of the RCS of the back of the torso with respect to the front is a function of wavelength. At 2.4 GHz and for a chest breadth of 30 cm, the back is expected to have an RCS that is 10 times that of the front while the RCS of the side is expected to be 4 times smaller.
Distributed top-down hierarchy construction

Hierarchies provide scalability in large networks and are integral to many widely-used protocols and applications. Previous approaches to constructing hierarchies have typically either assumed static hierarchy configuration, or have used bottom-up construction methods. We describe how to construct hierarchies in a top-down fashion, and show that our method is much more efficient than bottom-up methods. We also show that top-down hierarchy construction is a better choice when administrative policy constraints are imposed on hierarchy formation.
Study of Acknowledgment Schemes in a Star Multiaccess Network

In distributed random access communication, collision occurs when two or more transmissions overlap in time. After a transmission a user should know whether his attempt was successful so that he can decide his next action. Acknowledgments are commonly used to indicate whether a transmission is successful. We study the effect of acknowledgments on the performance of a star broadcast network. We evaluate the network performance for the following four cases: free and instantaneous acknowledgment, common channel for data and acknowledgments, split channel for data and acknowledgments, and a common channel with high-power acknowledgments. Our study reveals that the split channel has the highest capacity, and that the high-power scheme provides an attractive economical alternative when data packets are short.
EELS and XPS Study of Y1−xCaxBa2Cu4O8 (x=0∼0.1)

The electronic structures of polycrystalline Y1−x Ca x Ba2Cu4O8 (x=0∼0.1), which were synthesized under high oxygen pressure, have been investigated using EELS (Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy) including HREELS (High Resolution Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy) and XPS (X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy). EELS and XPS spectra of Y1−x Ca x Ba2Cu4O8 (x=0.0, 0.05 and 0.1) show no significant difference among three samples, and these spectra are quite similar to the spectra of YBa2Cu3O7−y. In EELS spectra structures due to interband transition, plasmon excitation and core excitation are observed. The combination of EELS and XPS measurements enable us to obtain the information about the basic electronic structures of Y1−x Ca x Ba2Cu4O8 (x=0.0, 0.05 and 0.1).
Evictionism and Libertarianism

There is a new sheriff in town on the abortion question. It is called evictionism. It diverges, philosophically, from both the pro-life and the pro-choice positions. It assumes that the birth of a human being starts with the fertilized egg but claims that the unwanted baby is a trespasser that may be evicted in the gentlest manner possible.
Invited review: lung edema clearance: role of Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase.

Acute hypoxemic respiratory failure is a consequence of edema accumulation due to elevation of pulmonary capillary pressures and/or increases in permeability of the alveolocapillary barrier. It has...
Unique site- and time-specific patterns of recurrence following resection of colorectal carcinoma hepatic metastases in patients staged by FDG-PET.

Background/Purpose We recently reported that patients staged by positron emission tomography (PET) with F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) prior to liver resection for metastatic colorectal cancer had an excellent 5-year survival. In this study, the site- and time-specific patterns of recurrence were examined in patients staged by FDG-PET and the results compared to historical literature control data.
Speckle interferometry with temporal phase evaluation for measuring large-object deformation

We propose a new method for measuring large-object deformations by using temporal evolution of the speckles in speckle interferometry. The principle of the method is that by deforming the object continuously, one obtains fluctuations in the intensity of the speckle. A large number of frames of the object motion are collected to be analyzed later. The phase data for whole-object deformation are then retrieved by inverse Fourier transformation of a filtered spectrum obtained by Fourier transformation of the signal. With this method one is capable of measuring deformations of more than 100 μm, which is not possible using conventional electronic speckle pattern interferometry. We discuss the underlying principle of the method and the results of the experiments. Some nondestructive testing results are also presented.
The Network Structures of Organizations: Effects of Task Contingencies and Distributional Form

The broad concern in this paper is a long-standing one in organizational sociology, the determinants of organizational structures. However, it is argued that internal structures are better conceived and operationalized in network terms than in the "distributional" terms of past organizational research. From a survey of 36 agencies, network data were obtained on the communication and client referral ties among practitioner staff. From these data, the following structural measures were computed for each organization, density, connectivity (cohesion), symmetry (hierarchy), and clustering. From such theories of organization as Burns and Stalker's distinction between mechanistic and organic forms, hypotheses were derived relating these network structural properties to the distributional properties of differentiation, formalization, and centralization, as well as the task contingency variables of size, age, technology, and professionalization. The regression analysis provides support for the general argument th...
Recent Developments in Flutter Suppression Techniques for Turbomachinery Rotors

Recent research on passive flutter control techniques for rotors and cascades is reviewed. The proposed methods include the use of periodicity-breaking inperfections, aeroelastic tailoring, dry friction damping, and mode shape control. Numerical results are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of each method in controlling various types of flutter, and to evaluate the feasibility of incorporating the techniques in current and future technology rotors. Mistuning may be the only feasible approach for existing engines, but aeroelastic tailoring offers promising advantages for future engines.
Robust Cooperative Relaying in a Wireless LAN: Cross-Layer Design and Performance Analysis

A key technology in cooperative communications is distributed space-time coding (DSTC) which achieves spatial diversity gain from multiple relays. A novel DSTC, called randomized distributed space-time coding (R-DSTC), shows considerable advantages over a regular DSTC in terms of system complexity. In this paper, we exploit the benefits of R-DSTC physical (PHY) layer and develop a distributed and opportunistic medium access control (MAC) layer protocol for R-DSTC deployment in an IEEE 802.11 wireless local area network (WLAN). Unlike other cooperative MAC designs, in our proposed PHY-MAC cross-layer framework, there is no need to decide which stations will serve as relays before each packet transmission. Instead, the MAC layer opportunistically recruits relay stations on the fly; any station that receives a packet from the source correctly forwards it to the destination. Through extensive simulations, we validate the efficiency of our MAC layer protocol and demonstrate that network capacity and delay performance is considerably improved with respect to legacy IEEE 802.11g network.
Performance Analysis of Spillover-Partitioning Call Admission Control in Mobile Wireless Networks

We propose and analyze spillover-partitioning call admission control (CAC) for servicing multiple service classes in mobile wireless networks for revenue optimization with quality of service (QoS) guarantees. We evaluate the performance of spillover-partitioning CAC in terms of execution time and optimal revenue obtainable by comparing it with existing CAC algorithms, including partitioning, threshold, and partitioning-threshold hybrid admission control algorithms. We also investigate fast spillover-partitioning CAC that applies a greedy heuristic search method to find a near optimal solution fast to effectively trade off solution quality for solution efficiency. The solution found by spillover-partitioning CAC is evaluated by an analytical model developed in the paper. We demonstrate through test cases that spillover-partitioning CAC outperforms existing CAC algorithms for revenue optimization with QoS guarantees in both solution quality and solution efficiency for serving multiple QoS service classes in wireless networks.
Remote Control Childhood: Combating the Hazards of Media Culture in Schools.

Background: Media culture touches most aspects of the lives of children growing up today, beginning at the earliest ages. It is profoundly the lessons children learn as well as how they learn, thereby contributing to what this article characterizes as remote control childhood. Educators need to understand remote control childhood so they can adapt teaching practices in ways that can optimize children’s development and learning in these times. Overview of Remote Control Childhood: This paper first explores remote control childhood and describes how it came about beginning in the mid 1980’s when marketing was deregulated in the United States. This led to a link-up between media producers and marketers to create far-reaching new marketing strategies and thousands of ever-changing products that have forever transformed childhood. How Remote Control Childhood Affects Children: The multiple ways children are affected are divided into two broad categories. First, children learn harmful content from media culture such as sexualized and violent behavior and consumerism. Second, the very process by which children learn is transformed in ways that undermine play, problem solving, active learning and social development. Strategies for Dealing with Remote Control Childhood: Once remote control childhood is understood, there is much educators can do to counteract it. Strategies are outlined for both influencing the lessons learned and helping children reclaim the learning process.
Separation and identification of neutral and acidic metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid.

We describe a method for obtaining profiles of neutral and acidic substances present in human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) by gas—liquid chromatography. Metabolites extracted with ethyl acetate and ether are converted to methyl ester, trimethylsilyl ether derivatives. With this technique, acidic metabolites of brain amines, and neutral metabolites of dopamine and norepinephrine have been identified in human CSF. Some of these substances have not been reported previously in CSF. Extracted substances are identified on the basis of their methylene-unit values and mass spectral data. Potential use of this method in neurodiagnosis and in delineating drug-induced changes in CSF metabolites is discussed.
Effect of lidocaine on escape rate in patients with complete atrioventricular block: A. Distal his bundle block

Abstract Lidocaine was administered intravenously as a 1.5 mg/kg bolus injection followed by a 2 to 4 mg/min infusion to 18 patients with complete atrioventricular (A-V) block to determine its safety in this situation. As an electrophysiologic corollary, the in vivo effects of lidocaine on ventricular automaticity in man were also evaluated. In 13 of the 18 patients, the ventricular rate was either unchanged or slowed by 16 percent or less after administration of lidocaine. In the remaining five patients, the rate slowed abruptly in a manner suggesting 2:1 or 3:1 exit block. The site of block was located distal to the His bundle potential in these five patients and in eight others who did not exhibit exit block. It is concluded that (1) the pacemaker fibers responsible for the ventricular escape rhythm were insensitive to the effects of lidocaine, thereby suggesting that the spontaneous depolarization in those fibers may be slow channel-dependent; (2) lidocaine is nonetheless unsafe to use in patients with complete A-V block located distal to the His bundle potential without prior pacemaker insertion because of the risk of inducing high grade exit block; (3) the development of exit block depends more on a critical degree of His-Pur-kinje conduction abnormality than on the rate of lidocaine administration or the plasma drug level achieved; and (4) patients at risk for the development of exit block cannot be identified on the basis of clinical presentation.
Brainstem Encephalitis and ADEM Following Mumps

Clinical manifestations of brainstem encephalitis (BSE) with fever, decreased level of consciousness, and left facial and abducens paralysis developed 1 week after bilateral parotitis and mumps in a 4 year-old female child and were followed by symptoms of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) within 20 days of recovery from BSE.