cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Competitive interactions in adsorption from dilute aqueous BI‐solutesolutions

Experimental evidence of competitive interactions between individual adsorbates in dilute aqueous bi-solute systems are presented. Rates of adsorption and positions of equilibrium for adsorption on porous granular carbon have been investigated. In the cases studied, the rate of adsorption as well as the total quantity of a single solute adsorbed at equilibrium is decreased with increasing concentration in the system of a second adsorbate. Indeed, it has been possible to describe quantitatively, after the Langmuir adsorption model, the competitive effect of each solute upon the total quantity of the other adsorbed at equilibrium. It appears that the competitive forces are quite broad in scope, doubtlessly effective to varying degrees in all multiple-adsorbate systems. Apparently the effect of one solute on the position of equilibrium attained by another is largely a function of the relative energies of adsorption. Kinetic interactions observed in the experiments cannot be explained entirely on this basis, because rates of uptake in the agitated non-flow experimental systems were apparently controlled by rates of transport of solute in the capillary-size pores of the adsorbent. Thus, physical hindrance becomes of importance in interpretation of the observed results. The large dodecylbenzenesulphonate molecule exhibits a markedly greater effect on the rates of uptake of the other adsorbates studied than do they upon that of the former.
Evaluating the potential for measuring river discharge from space

Numerous studies have demonstrated the potential usefulness of river hydraulic data obtained from satellites in developing general approaches to tracking floods and changes in river discharge from space. Few studies, however, have attempted to estimate the magnitude of discharge in rivers entirely from remotely obtained information. The present study uses multiple-regression analyses of hydraulic data from more than 1000 discharge measurements, ranging in magnitude from over 200,000 to less than 1 m3/s, to develop multi-variate river discharge estimating equations that use various combinations of potentially observable variables to estimate river discharge. Uncertainty analysis indicates that existing satellite-based sensors can measure water-surface width (or surface area), water-surface elevation, and potentially the surface velocity of rivers with accuracies sufficient to provide estimates of discharge with average uncertainty of less than 20%. Development and validation of multi-variate rating equations that are applicable to the full range of rivers that can be observed from satellite sensors, development of techniques to accurately estimate the average depth in rivers from stage measurements, and development of techniques to accurately estimate the average velocity in rivers from surface-velocity measurements will be key to successful prediction of discharge from satellite observations.
Regulation of pyrimidine biosynthesis in cultured L1210 cells by 3-deazauridine

Abstract The effect of 3-deazauridine on the synthesis of uracil nucleotides by de novo and salvage pathways was investigated in intact cultured L1210 cells. De novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, as measured by sodium [ 14 C]bicarbonate incorporation into uracil nucleotides, was inhibited 40–85% at intracellular 3-deazauracil nucleotide concentrations of 1–6 nmoles/10 6 cells. The inhibition was not due to an increase in the size of the uracil nucleotide pool since this pool was only 97-66% of control level at 3-deazauracil nucleotide concentrations of 1–6 nmoles/10 6 cells. Furthermore, intracellular 3-deazauracil nucleotide concentrations of 0.5 to 5.2 nmoles/10 6 cells inhibited the salvage of [ 14 C]uridine by 25–75%. The data indicate that 3-deazauridine may potentiate its own inhibition of CTP synthetase by reducing the concentration of competing uracil nucleotides by inhibiting de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis and pyrimidine salvage. It is postulated that the biochemical mechanism by which 3-deazauridine inhibits uracil nucleotide synthesis is by acting as a fraudulent allosteric regulator of carbamyl phosphate synthetase II and uridine/cytidine kinase.
Kinematic Wave Approach to Hydraulic Jumps with Waves

Rayleigh's classical approach to hydraulic jumps is discussed and extended to allow for the added presence of finite amplitude disturbance waves. In this paper the decrease of mean flow energy through the jump discontinuity is accounted for by the sudden appearance of enhanced downstream radiating waves. Without appealing to turbulent dissipation, the proposed model, which applies only to weak inviscid bores, relates the mean height, the mean speed, the wave energy density, and the wavenumber fore and aft of the jump through the conservation laws for total mass, total momentum, total energy, and wave crest number. The model, in shallow water, completely describes the undulatory character of the wavy downstream flow, yielding results in agreement with observed features of bores in nature. "Deep water jumps," although somewhat speculative, are also briefly described, with the aim of stimulating further discussion. The relationships between the present hydraulic model and some work of Benjamin and Lighthill and others are also cited for completeness. The basic notions are then extended to "wave discontinuities" in arbitrary continuous media using ideas derived from kinematic wave theory, and a further stability analysis points to the conditions under which the postulated jumps exist.
ACES: promoting empathy towards aphasia through language distortion emulation software

Individuals with aphasia, an acquired communication disorder, constantly struggle against a world that does not understand them. This lack of empathy and understanding negatively impacts their quality of life. While aphasic individuals may appear to have lost cognitive functioning, their impairment relates to receptive and expressive language, not to thinking processes. We introduce a novel system and model, Aphasia Characteristics Emulation Software (ACES), enabling users (e.g., caregivers, speech therapists and family) to experience, firsthand, the communication-distorting effects of aphasia. By allowing neurologically typical individuals to "walk in another's shoes," we aim to increase patience, awareness and understanding. ACES was grounded in the communication science and psychological literature, and informed by an initial pilot study. Results from an evaluation of 64 participants indicate that ACES provides a rich experience that increases understanding and empathy for aphasia.
Bi3+/M2+ Oxyphosphate: A Continuous Series of Polycationic Species from the 1D Single Chain to the 2D Planes. Part 2: Crystal Structure of Three Original Structural Types Showing a Combination of New Ribbonlike Polycations

With the assistance of structural models deduced from the high-resolution electron microscope (HREM) investigation presented in Part 1 of this work, three new structural types were pointed out in Bi2O3−MO−P2O5 ternary systems. Their crystal structures are built on the arrangement of 2D polycationic ribbons formed of edge-sharing O(Bi,M)4 tetrahedra and isolated by PO4 groups. Prior to this study, materials with ribbons up to n = 3 tetrahedra wide have been discovered. The original structures presented here display longer n = 4−6 cases, which suggests a possible continuous series of polycationic entities that range from the single chain (one tetrahedron wide) to the infinite [Bi2O2]2+ Aurivillius layer. The ribbons with n > 3 show strong structural modifications that are able to bring a good ribbon−phosphate cohesion. In addition to these fascinating structural results, this work fully confirms the validity of the decoding established from HREM images of a single crystallite in inhomogeneous mixtures.
Field trapping of diamondback mothPlutella xylostella using an improved four-component sex attractant blend

In addition to three known sex lure components [(Z)-11-hexadecenyl acetate, (Z)-11-hexadecenal, and (Z)-11-hexadecenol], (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate was field-proven as a trace coattractant for malePlutella xylostella, with an optimal content below 0.01% in blends. This potent four-component lure for diamondback males also attractedCrymodes devastator males, and in this respect is not different in its attractancy from virgin diamondback females. Replacement of (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate in the four component lure with (Z)-9-tetradecen-1-ol, at the level of 10% of the total lure mixture, did not alter its attractancy for diamondback males, but it did inhibit attraction ofCrymodes devastator. The status of biologically active components as possible sex pheromones or para-pheromones is discussed.
The Gauthier Enterprise

I take it as my assignment to criticize the Gauthier enterprise. At the outset, however, I should express my general agreement with David Gauthier's normative vision of a liberal social order, including the place that individual principles of morality hold in such an order. Whether the enterprise is, ultimately, judged to have succeeded or to have failed depends on the standards applied. Considered as a coherent grounding of such a social order in the rational choice behavior of persons, the enterprise fails. Considered as an extended argument implying that persons should (and possibly must) adopt the moral stance embodied in the Gauthier structure, the enterprise is, I dunk, largely successful. Considered as a set of empirically falsifiable propositions suggesting that persons do, indeed, choose as the Gauthier precepts dictate, the enterprise offers Humean hope rather than Hobbesian despair.
Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Management of Cholangiocarcinoma

Cholangiocarcinomas (CCAs) are hepatobiliary cancers with features of cholangiocyte differentiation; they can be classified anatomically as intrahepatic CCA (iCCA), perihilar CCA (pCCA), or distal CCA. These subtypes differ not only in their anatomic location, but in epidemiology, origin, etiology, pathogenesis, and treatment. The incidence and mortality of iCCA has been increasing over the past 3 decades, and only a low percentage of patients survive until 5 years after diagnosis. Geographic variations in the incidence of CCA are related to variations in risk factors. Changes in oncogene and inflammatory signaling pathways, as well as genetic and epigenetic alterations and chromosome aberrations, have been shown to contribute to the development of CCA. Furthermore, CCAs are surrounded by a dense stroma that contains many cancer-associated fibroblasts, which promotes their progression. We have gained a better understanding of the imaging characteristics of iCCAs and have developed advanced cytologic techniques to detect pCCAs. Patients with iCCAs usually are treated surgically, whereas liver transplantation after neoadjuvant chemoradiation is an option for a subset of patients with pCCAs. We review recent developments in our understanding of the epidemiology and pathogenesis of CCA, along with advances in classification, diagnosis, and treatment.
Nonlinearity Requirements For Correlation Based Associative Memories

A matched filter based architecture for associative memories ( MB'AM ) has been proposed by many researchers[1-12]. The correlation from a leg of a matched filter bank, after being altered nonlinearly, weights its corresponding library vector. The weighted vectors are summed and clipped to give an estimate of the library vector closest to the input. We analyze the performance of such architectures for binary and/or bipolar inputs and libraries. Sufficient conditions are derived for the correlation nonlinearity so that the MFAM outputs the correct result. If, for example, N bipolar library vectors are stored, then the correlation nonlinearity Z(x) = Nx/2, will always result in that library vector closest to the input in the Hamming sense.
Neural responses from the filiform receptor neuron afferents of the wind-sensitive cercal system in three cockroach species

The wind-sensitive insect cercal system is involved in many important behaviors, such as initiating terrestrial escape responses and providing sensory feedback during flight. The occurrence of these behaviors vary in cockroach species Periplaneta americana (strong terrestrial response and flight), Blaberus craniifer (weak terrestrial response and flight), and Gromphodorhina portentosa (no terrestrial response and no flight). A previous study focusing on wind-sensitive interneuron (WSI) responses demonstrated that variations in sensory processing of wind information accompany these behavioral differences. In this study, we recorded extracellularly from the cercal nerve to characterize filiform afferent population responses to different wind velocities to investigate how sensory processing differs across these species at the initial encoding of wind. We compared these results and responses from the WSI population to examine information transfer at the first synapse. Our main results were: (1) G. portentosa had the weakest responses of the three species over the stimulus duration and possessed the smallest cerci with the least filiform hair receptors of the three species; (2) B. craniifer filiform responses were similar to or greater than P. americana responses even though B. craniifer possessed smaller cerci with less filiform hair receptors than P. americana; (3) the greater filiform afferent responses in B. craniifer, including a larger amplitude second positive peak compared to the other two species, suggest more synchronous activity between filiform afferents in this species; (4) the transfer of information at the first synapse appears to be similar in both P. americana and G. portentosa, but different in B. craniifer.
The effect of oral hypoglycemic agents on thyroid function in the rat.

In the rat carbutamide and, to a much lesser extent, metahexamide result in reduction in thyroidal I131 uptake and I127 concentration. Only carbutamide is actually goitrogenic. In comparably hypoglycemic doses tolbutamide, chlorpropamidc and phenethylbiguanide do not show rntithyroid activity.
Advanced understanding of the tritium recovery process from the ceramic breeder blanket

Abstract The key to successful operation of a tritium breeder blanket is to understand the tritium transport and release characteristics and the role that hydrogen plays in this process. Indications are that grain size (surface-to-volume ratio) largely determine whether tritium release is limited by diffusion or desorption. That is, the larger the grain size the higher the probability that bulk diffusion will determine the release rate. For smaller grain size, the actions taking place on the grain surface become extremely important especially as regards the role that hydrogen plays in the overall process. Experimental studies have indicated that the presence of 0.1% H 2 in the helium purge gas enhances the release of tritium from the lithium ceramic. The tritium released has been found in the form of both HT and HTO. The ab initio calculations on the dissociative hydrogen chemisorption on lithium oxide surfaces provide one component of the quantitative basis for an understanding of the role of hydrogen in affecting the release of tritium from lithium ceramic breeders. These calculations suggest heterolytic adsorption of hydrogen onto the ceramic surface.
Parallelism and Functionalism

It has recently been argued by Paul Thagard (1986) that parallel computational models of cognition demonstrate the falsity of the popular theory of mind known as functionalism. It is my contention that his argument is seriously mistaken and rests on a misunderstanding of the functionalist position. While my primary aim is to defend functionalism from Thagard's attack, in the process I hope to provide some much needed clarification of matters both philosophical and computational. Since I intend to untangle issues that are often troublesome in cognitive science, the paper should prove useful even for those unfamiliar with Thagard's original piece.
Determination of the naturalhistory of aspirin resistance amongstable patients with cardiovascular disease

We read with interest the recent study by Gum et al. [(1)][1]regarding aspirin resistance. Their results, in particular the focus on long-term follow-up, offer important information in the confusing but clinically important area of aspirin resistance. They were able to show that, by using standard
Electrical Conduction in Single‐Crystal Thallic Oxide: II, Effects of Annealing at 923°K in Oxygen Pressures from 0.01 to 1 Atmosphere

The low-temperature conductivity of thallic oxide (Tl2O3) is relatively insensitive to the equilibrium partial pressure of oxygen during annealing at 923°K, i.e. the maximum variation is ∼15% over the range of 0.01 to 1 atm O2, with a relative maximum occurring at ∼0.2 atm. The insensitivity in conductivity results from the compensating effects of increasing mobility and decreasing carrier concentration with increasing oxygen pressure during annealing. At low oxygen pressures, defect interactions complicate the interpretation of the measurements, but a calculated Fermi energy on the order of 0.8 eV is sufficiently close to other reported values to confirm the model of a highly degenerate semiconductor with a simple S-like conduction band described by a parabolic density-of-states function.
Food Folate Assay with Protease, α-Amylase, and Folate Conjugase Treatments

We evaluated the effect of protease, α-amylase, and folate conjugase treatments on apparent folate content in four food composites designed to be low in folate (31.2 μg/day calculated according to previously published food folate tables) for the determination of folate requirements in humans. Protease and α-amylase treatments were performed for 16 and 4 h, respectively, at pH 4.1 and chicken pancreas folate conjugase (FC) for 3 h at 37 °C. Folate was determined by microbiological assay using the Lactobacillus casei method. Mean folate content in these menus was 56 μg/day after treatment with FC alone. However, means were 90 μg/day with protease and FC, 126 μg/day with α-amylase and FC, and 152 μg/day with α-amylase, protease, and FC treatments. Tri-enzyme treatment appears to be essential to determine food folate content accurately. Food folate tables should be revised using these enzyme treatments to accurately establish the dietary folate requirements in humans. Keywords: Food folate; folate conjugase; ...
Using Heteroscedasticity Consistent Standard Errors in the Linear Regression Model

Abstract In the presence of heteroscedasticity, ordinary least squares (OLS) estimates are unbiased, but the usual tests of significance are generally inappropriate and their use can lead to incorrect inferences. Tests based on a heteroscedasticity consistent covariance matrix (HCCM), however, are consistent even in the presence of heteroscedasticity of an unknown form. Most applications that use a HCCM appear to rely on the asymptotic version known as HC0. Our Monte Carlo simulations show that HC0 often results in incorrect inferences when N ≤ 250, while three relatively unknown, small sample versions of the HCCM, and especially a version known as HC3, work well even for N's as small as 25. We recommend that: (1) data analysts should correct for heteroscedasticity using a HCCM whenever there is reason to suspect heteroscedasticity; (2) the decision to use HCCM-based tests should not be determined by a screening test for heteroscedasticity; and (3) when N ≤ 250, the HCCM known as HC3 should be used. Since...
Time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence of normal and atherosclerotic coronary artery

This study investigates the spectro-temporal fluorescence emission of normal and diseased coronary arteries with graded levels of atherosclerosis. Fluorescence emission of 58 excised human coronary artery samples was induced with N2 laser pulses and detected with a MCP-PMT connected to a digital oscilloscope. The samples were H and E and Movat stained and histologically classified in accordance with AHA classification. An algorithm based on Laguerre expansion of kernels was used to deconvolve the intrinsic fluorescence impulse response function from the measured transient pulse. A biexponential function depicted the fluorescence decay characteristics. We noticed 1) in spectral domain: peak fluorescence intensity was at 380 nm for normal and initial lesions samples and blue-shifted for advanced lesions; intensity at 450-480 nm decreased from approximately 65 percent peak intensity for normal samples to approximately 30 percent for Type V lesions; 2) in time domain: longer lasting emission for the advanced lesions. The decay constants varied as a function emission wavelength and lesion type. For instance the time constants for Type V lesions measured at 390 nm were significantly larger that those measured on normal arterial wall. The fast term decay contributed to a higher degree to the impulse response function for normal tissue. These results reveal that the analysis of the temporal characteristics of fluorescence can be used to differentiate between coronary lesion and normal coronary wall. The time domain information complements the spectral domain intensity data for improved differentiation between graded levels of coronary lesions.© (1999) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Substrate induced phosphorescence from cyclodextrin·lumophore host-guest complexes

Abstract Hydrogen bonding substrates (S) trigger bright phosphorescence upon their addition to aqueous solutions containing 1-bromonaphthalene (1-BrNp) and a glucosyl modified cyclodextrin (Gβ-CD). Steady-state and time-resolved luminescence measurements establish that the phosphorescence arises from 1-BrNp as part of a 1-BrNp·Gβ-CD·S complex. In all cases, the substrate comprises a bulky t-butyl or cyclohexyl group spaced from the functional group of an alcohol, amine, carboxylic acid, ester, or aldehyde. Association constants, molecular models, and substrate binding studies are consistent with the substrate hydrogen bonding to the rim of the CD cup, with its aliphatic end flipped over the hydrophobic interior of the CD. The phosphorescence enhancement induced by substrate is related to its effectiveness in shielding photoexcited 1-BrNp from quenching by oxygen. The enhancements can be extremely large, approaching a 105 increase in intensity, depending on the fit of the substrate to the top of the CD. We have explored the topological features of the substrate that lead to the best shielding and hence greatest triggered luminescence response.
Minimizing makespan subject to minimum flowtime on two identical parallel machines

Abstract We consider the problem of scheduling jobs on two parallel identical machines where an optimal schedule is defined as one that gives the smallest makespan (the completion time of the last job) among the set of schedules with optimal total flowtime (the sum of the completion times of all jobs). We propose an algorithm to determine optimal schedules for the problem, and describe a modified multifit algorithm to find an approximate solution to the problem in polynomial computational time. Results of a computational study to compare the performance of the proposed algorithms with a known heuristic shows that the proposed heuristic and optimization algorithms are quite effective and efficient in solving the problem. Scope and purpose Multiple objective optimization problems are quite common in practice. However, while solving scheduling problems, optimization algorithms often consider only a single objective function. Consideration of multiple objectives makes even the simplest multi-machine scheduling problems NP-hard. Therefore, enumerative optimization techniques and heuristic solution procedures are required to solve multi-objective scheduling problems. This paper illustrates the development of an optimization algorithm and polynomially bounded heuristic solution procedures for the scheduling jobs on two identical parallel machines to hierarchically minimize the makespan subject to the optimality of the total flowtime.
Mass Media and the Linguistic Marketplace: Media, Language, and Distinction

This article applies theories of the political economy of language to examine howlinguistic acts in media are used to create distinction by tapping into ideas about the functions of language in society. From this standpoint, language ideology serves as a mode of leverage for media institutions. A discourse analysis investigates press coverage of two texts that have used language in conspicuousways. Nickelodeon's Dora the Explorer purportedly introduces children to bilingualism. This bilingualism serves as capital, converted into notions of educational merit and cosmopolitanism, that distinguishes Dora from other children's programs. Mel Gibson's use of ancient languages in The Passion of the Christacts as capital for notions of historical authenticity and mysticism that helped counter the film's critics.
Effect of Channel Changes in the St. Clair River During the Present Century

Abstract Periodic man-made changes in the outlet of Lake Huron through the St. Clair River date back to the middle of the last century. These artificial channel changes have been well documented during the present century. They consist of dredging for commercial gravel removal in the upper river during 1908–25 and uncompensated navigation improvements for the 7.6-m (25-ft) and 8.2-m (27-ft) projects completed in 1933 and 1962, respectively. The total effect of these changes on the levels of Lakes Michigan and Huron (hydraulically one lake) and on the upper St. Clair River profile was determined with dynamic flow models. The ultimate effect of the above dredging was a permanent lowering of the Lake Michigan-Huron levels 0.27 m (0.89 ft), which represents a tremendous loss of freshwater resource [32 km 3 (7.7 mi 3 )].
Severe subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus presenting with generalized erythroderma and bullae

Abstract A 31-year-old woman presented with progressive generalized erythroderma and bullae. Histologic evaluation revealed dyskeratosis and interface dermatitis with a paucity of infiltrate. Serologic evaluation revealed markedly elevated titer of Ro/SS-A and La/SS-B antibodies. Further workup revealed leukopenia. The generalized eruption cleared with prednisone. The patient later had the classic discrete lesions of subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus develop. The erythrodermic and bullous presentation of subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus is rare and requires a high index of suspicion. (J Am Acad Dermatol 2003;48:947-9.)
Evaluation of Phaseolus acutifolius A. Gray plant introductions under high temperatures in a controlled environment

Heat susceptibility is a cause of yield loss in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in temperate and tropical lowland growing regions. Interspecific hybridization with related species that include tepary bean (Phaseolus acutifolius A. Gray) can potentially be used to transfer heat tolerance traits to common bean. This study evaluated 25 tepary bean plant introductions (PIs) following exposure to high-temperature (35 °C day/32 °C night) and control temperature (27 °C day/24 °C night) during reproductive development. These 25 PIs were selected for high yield potential in a 14 h photoperiod greenhouse environment. High temperature when compared to non-stress treatment resulted in a mean reduction in seed yield of 88.8% among tepary beans and caused 100% yield loss in common beans. Twelve P. acutifolius PIs exhibited negligible yield under heat-stress when compared to control treatment. Although yields of these accessions were low under very high-temperature conditions, PI 200902, PI 312637, PI 440785, PI 440788, and PI 440789 exhibited the highest yield component stability under the high temperature treatment.
Pollens, mold spores, and other inhalants as etiologic agents of respiratory allergy in the central part of Turkey.

Abstract The results of skin tests with 25 pollens, 9 mold spores, and 8 inhalants in 130 children with respiratory allergies are reported. The patients were first submitted to the scratch test, and those who showed negative reactions were retested with the intradermal test. Three tables comparing the results of scratch and intradermal tests are reported. The most important etiologic agent of respiratory allergies was house dust. The pollens were next in importance. Among pollens, grasses had the first place, weeds came second, and trees third. Mold spores and other inhalants were of secondary importance. All these patients were found to have multiple sensitivities to various groups of allergens and to seasonal environmental inhalants.
Possible new form of spontaneous T violation.

In (2+1)-dimensional models with a Chern-Simons term, there is a periodicity in the parameter $\frac{{e}^{2}}{2\ensuremath{\mu}}$, where $e$ is the smallest charge in the theory and $\frac{\ensuremath{\mu}}{2}$ is the coefficient of the Chern-Simons term. Since $\ensuremath{\mu}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\mu}$ under the action of time reversal $T$, in such a theory the question of $T$ invariance becomes involved with the dynamical issue of what are the allowable values of the charge. We show how cross sections develop $T$-violating terms for "forbidden" values of the charge. Connections are made with some recent ideas concerning the mechanism of high-temperature superconductivity.
Connectors for Production Risers

Increased interest in deepwater and ultra-deepwater field development is leading the industry to revisit the standard design and testing methods of production risers. The main challenges involved in a deepwater project are the riser sizing, management of external pressure at maximum water depth with acceptable weight to keep low stress at riser-vessel interface, the riser/vessel dynamic interaction and riser installation. The most critical areas on the riser system are the top section, where most of the damage occurs, and the touch-down zone. While the second area can be addressed by effective riser design, the connection to the production facility is always required and it must be sufficiently strong to provide an appropriate fluid containment. A connector failure can lead to highly flammable fluid leakage, putting in danger the entire production vessel and the surrounding environment. Technological advancements are leading to new equipment layouts with more efficient materials selection. The top section and connector can be subjected to different kinds of loads and environment induced degradation.Applying the actual standards is sometimes difficult due to the fact that they generally are too conservative. With the objective of closing this gap, this paper provides an overview of the issues regarding different types of connectors in different working environments. The criteria for achieving an optimum connection selection depends on the type of riser utilized, riser configuration, metocean conditions, support vessel type, properties of fluid/chemicals transported inside the riser, life expectancy, maintenance and accessibility. Three main kinds of connection seals were analyzed, namely pure metallurgical (i.e. welding), pure mechanical (i.e. flange, threaded connections) and a combination thereof for line-end interface (i.e. metal-to-composite). All of the seals must provide retention of internal fluids and exclusion of external fluids and impurities. In an offshore environment, both of these characteristics must be achieved through the use of at least one metal-to-metal contact between mating interfaces and one static seal (i.e. metal rings).Copyright © 2013 by ASME
“Caring with Heart” In Their Own Words: The Meaning of Caring for Seriously Ill Patients (S739)

Objectives Understand the importance of hospice for patients with heart failure and their families. Identify the differences in patients with advanced heart failure who enroll in hospice and those who do not. Brainstorm specific solutions to increase hospice enrollment for patients with advanced heart failure. Original Research Background. Heart failure (HF) patients have high symptom burden, re-hospitalization rates, mortality rates, and Medicare costs. Although hospice use is increasing for individuals with serious illness, a minority of HF patients receives hospice and little is known about their referral to hospice. Research Objectives. To examine the symptom burden, functional status, and healthcare utilization associated with hospice use and the timing of hospice referral in a sample of Medicare beneficiaries with advanced HF. Methods. Using linked Medicare claims from 2009 and 2010, we sampled Medicare beneficiaries with at least one home health claim, two HF hospitalizations in a six-month period, and an OASIS health assessment by a home care clinician within 7 days of the second HF discharge (the index discharge). We conducted bivariate analyses to compare hospice and non-hospice enrollees. Results. A total of 22,893 persons were included in the sample. Following the index discharge, 16,145 beneficiaries (70.5%) were re-hospitalized in the study period, a mean of number of 2.12 re-hospitalizations for hospice enrollees, and 2.23 for nonhospice enrollees. Of the sample, 3,921 (13.3%) enrolled in hospice. The mean number of days from index discharge to hospice enrollment was 59 days (SD 56.5) and the average hospice length of stay was 49 days (SD 78). Of the hospice enrollees, 324 (1.4%) were completely dependent on toileting compared to 834 (3.6%) of non-hospice enrollees (p<0.001). Of the hospice enrollees, 1,906 (8.3%) were short of breath at rest or with minimal exertion compared to 7,117 (31.1%) of non-hospice enrollees (p<0.001). Of the hospice enrollees, 249 (1.1%) had pain all of the time compared to 1162 (5.1%) of nonhospice enrollees (p1⁄40.56). Conclusions. Advanced HF patients have severe symptoms, poor functional status, high utilization, and low hospice use. Implications for Research, Policy, or Practice. Further study is needed to identify ways to increase earlier hospice enrollment in this population. ‘‘Caring with Heart’’ In Their Own Words: The Meaning of Caring for Seriously Ill Patients (S739) Mary Gergis, PhD, School of Nursing, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD.
13C nuclear magnetic resonance study of the complexation of calcium by taurine.

13C Nuclear magnetic resonance chemical shifts, 1JC-C scalar coupling constants, spin-lattice relaxation times, and nuclear Overhauser effects were determined for taurine-[1, 2 13C] and a taurine-[1 13C] and taurine-[2 13C] mixture in the presence and absence of calcium. Ionization constants for taurine amino and sulfonic acid groups and chemical shifts of N-methylene and S-methylene carbons of the taurine cation, zwitterion, and anion were obtained from simultaneous least squares analysis of 13C titration curves of both taurine carbons. Comparison of taurine titration shifts to values for related compounds reveals some unusual electronic properties of the taurine molecule. Stability constants of 1:1 calcium complexes with taurine zwitterions and anions, as well as their 13C chemical shifts, were obtained by least squares analysis of titration curves measured in the presence of calcium. The stability constants of calcium-taurine complexes were significantly lower than previous values and led to estimates that only approximately one percent of intracellular calcium of mammalian myocardial cells would exist in a taurine complex. The implications of these results with respect to the effect of taurine on calcium ion flux are discussed.
Effects of magnetic and stress annealing on the change in magnetostriction for magnetically soft amorphous alloys

Abstract Changes in magnetostriction (λ s ) of amorphous alloy (Fe 0.1 Co 0.5 Ni 0.4 ) 78 Si 6 B 16 annealed under different conditions have been investigated. Five kinds of annealing treatment have been performed. The results show that the λ s of all samples start to change at annealing temperature T a = 150°C, the δλ s increases with increasing T a and the rate of change in λ s is different for the above mentioned five annealing conditions. The rate of change in λ s with annealing temperature can be reduced by applying a stress or magnetic field. This new phenomenon reveals that there is interference between the ordinary structural relaxation and the formation of directional short range order in the amorphous alloys.
Reconstructive Valve Surgery

Despite continued refinement of heart valve prostheses, valve replacement carries risks of thromboembolic, mechanical, and infectious complications, and long-term success is further limited by the eventual wear of prosthetic parts. In many patients with congenital or acquired valve diseases, valve function may be improved, if not restored, by reconstructive techniques, prosthetic replacement being thereby avoided or delayed. This review examines the current status of reconstructive procedures for management of diseased valves, with emphasis on long-term results and post-operative hemodynamic studies. In many instances the choice between reconstruction and replacement of a diseased valve remains controversial. The documented success of selectively applied reconstructive techniques, however, weighs against expedient decisions for prosthetic replacement and supports a continuing search for new techniques.
Intercaste, intercolony, and temporal variation in cuticular hydrocarbons of Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae)

We characterized the variation in cuticular hydrocarbon mixtures between seven colonies of the Formosan subterranean termite,Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki, from the same population. We report differences between castes, between colonies, and within the population over time to assess seasonality. Colonies ofC. formosanus from Oahu, Hawaii, were sampled for 25 months. Each month, one sample each of 200 workers, 50 soldiers, nymphs, or alates from each colony was subjected to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of the cuticular hydrocarbons. We resolved 39 individual peaks and identified 52 individual or isomeric mixtures of hydrocarbons. Onlyn-alkanes and methyl-branched alkanes occur; no olefins were found. Internally branched monomethylalkanes were the most abundant class of hydrocarbons, representing 45% to 50% of the total 9-;11-;13-Methyl-heptacosane accounted for over 30% of the total hydrocarbon for all castes. 2-Methyl- and 3-methylalkanes comprise approximately 30% of the total. Internally branched dimethylalkanes constitute 15% to 20% of the total cuticular hydrocarbon. Only one trimethylalkane, 13,15,17-trimethylnonacosane, was found in small amounts. The hydrocarbon mixtures of all four castes were similar. Quantitative differences in hydrocarbon mixtures among the castes were easily displayed using canonical discriminant analysis. Soldiers and workers are significantly different from one another and from nymphs and alates. Nineteen peaks are statistically significant between workers and soldiers. Nymphs and alates were not statistically different. We detected statistically significant quantitative differences between colonies in 18 peaks for workers and 12 peaks for soldiers. Each of the colonies ofC. formosanus can be separated from the others by the proportions of their hydrocarbon components. We detected statistically significant differences between months of the year for 12 peaks for workers and four peaks for soldiers; two peaks each for workers and soldiers showed distinct, seasonal trends. This seasonal shift in proportions of hydrocarbons correlates with the production of alates.
Opioid receptor-dependent long-term potentiation at the lateral perforant path-CA3 synapse in rat hippocampus

Abstract The involvement of opioid receptors in the induction of long-term potentiation (LTP) was investigated in the lateral and medial perforant path projections to area CA3 of the hippocampus in anesthetized rats. The opioid receptor antagonist naloxone (10 nmol), applied to the hippocampal CA3 region 10 min prior to tetanization, blocked the induction lateral perforant path-CA3 LTP induced by high-frequency stimulation. By contrast, LTP induction in medial perforant path-CA3 was not attenuated by a 10 nmol quantity of naloxone. (+)-Naloxone (10 nmol), the inactive stereoisomer of naloxone, was without effect on the induction of lateral perforant path-CA3 LTP. Naloxone applied l h following LTP induction did not reverse established lateral perforant path-CA3 LTP, indicating that opioid receptors are involved in the induction but not the maintenance of LTP in this pathway. LTP of medial perforant path responses developed immediately, while LTP of lateral perforant path responses was slow to develop. The latter pattern is similar to the time course of the development of LTP observed at the mossy fiber-CA3 synapse and suggests that lateral and medial perforant path synapses may use distinct mechanisms of both induction and expression of LTP. These data extend previous findings demonstrating opioid receptor-dependent mechanisms of LTP induction at both the mossy fiber-CA3 synapse and the lateral perforant path-dentate gyms synapse. We suggest that lateral perforant path and mossy fiber synapses may utilize similar, opioid receptor-dependent, mechanisms of LTP induction and expression.
Structural equation modeling of the relationships between pesticide poisoning, depressive symptoms and safety behaviors among Colorado farm residents.

PURPOSE: To use structural equation modeling (SEM) to test the theory that a past pesticide poisoning may act as a mediator in the relationship between depression and safety practices. Depression has been associated with pesticide poisoning and was more strongly associated with safety behaviors than workload, social support or health status of farm residents in a previously published report. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey of farmers and their spouses was conducted in eight counties in northeastern Colorado. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression (CES-D) scale. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were used to identify symptoms most correlated with risk factors for depression and safety practices. SEM was used to examine theoretical causal models of the relationship between depression and poor health, financial difficulties, a history of pesticide poisoning, and safety practices. RESULTS: Exploratory factor analysis identified three factors in the CES-D scale. The SEM showed that poor health, financial difficulties and a history of pesticide poisoning significantly explained the depressive symptoms. Models with an excellent fit for the safety behaviors resulted when modeling the probability that the pesticide poisoning preceded depression, but no fit was possible when reversing the direction and modeling depression preceding pesticide poisoning. CONCLUSIONS: Specific depressive symptoms appeared to be significantly associated with primarily animal handling and farm machinery. The order of events, based on SEM results, was a pesticide poisoning preceding depressed mood in relation to safety behaviors. Language: en
Multiple Sites for Electron Tunneling between Cytochrome c and Mixed Self-Assembled Monolayers

The electron-tunneling pathway between an electrode and the protein cytochrome c was studied on mixed C15-carboxylic acid/hydroxyl-terminated SAMs and C16-pyridine/alkane-terminated SAMs as a function of the surface concentration and the length of the diluent alkanethiol. It was found that by increasing the concentration of shorter-chain hydroxyl diluent thiol in the SAM the rate constant increased in a systematic way. When the diluent composition is high, the k0 increases exponentially with decreasing chain length of the diluent molecules until the chain length of the diluent molecule reaches a length of about eight methylene groups. These results indicate that short-chain diluent molecules contribute to the electronic coupling between the protein and electrode, and that shortening of the diluent decreases the effective tunneling distance.
Treatments for Ich Infestations in Channel Catfish Evaluated under Static and Flow-Through Water Conditions

Abstract In response to producer reports of poor efficacy using published treatments against Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (ich) infestations of channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus, we initiated a preliminary study to see which of the compounds that are permissible in food-fish aquaculture were efficacious under what we judged to be ideal laboratory conditions. We planned to use the results of this work as a basis for further study in the field. In our studies we used fingerling catfish in glass aquariums with stable water quality and daily treatments in both static and flow-through water systems. In some experiments, infested fish and healthy fish were stocked together so that the ability of the treatment to eliminate preexisting infestations could be examined separately from the treatment's ability to block transmission. Malachite green and methylene blue were used as positive controls, and untreated fish were used as the negative control for efficacy. Treatments with sodium chloride, hydrogen peroxide, ...
Imitation in autistic, early schizophrenic, and non-psychotic subnormal children

Experimental psychotic children, 9 boys and 3 girls (mean age=66.9 mos.) were compared with 5 non-psychotic subnormal boys (mean age=72 mos.) in body imitation, motor-object imitation and spontaneous object use and also for influence of task class and difficulty using each subject's adaptive age as referant. Psychotic children did poorly in body, better in motor-object imitation and best in object use. Controls achieved higher body and motor-object imitation scores. Task difficulty equally affected the performances of subjects and controls. Body imitation failure, traced to neurophysiological deficiencies, combined with severe central language disorders in the psychotic group, precluded non-verbal and verbal interpersonal communication. It is suggested that during early life, psychotic children, unlike the subnormal who have less severe visual-motor or language processing handicaps, cannot use parents' help to interpret environment.
A functional homologue of goosecoid in Drosophila

We have cloned a Drosophila homologue (D-gsc) of the vertebrate homeobox gene goosecoid (gsc). In the Gsc proteins, the pressure for conservation has been imposed on the homeodomain, the functional domain of the protein: sequence homology is limited to the homeodomain (78% identity) and to a short stretch of 7 aminoacids also found in other homeoproteins such as Engrailed. Despite this weak homology, D-gsc is able to mimic gsc function in a Xenopus assay, as shown by its ability to rescue the axis development of a UV-irradiated embryo. Moreover, our data suggest that the position of insect and vertebrate gsc homologues within a regulatory network has also been conserved: D-gsc expression is controlled by decapentaplegic, orthodenticle, sloppy-paired and tailless whose homologues control gsc expression (for BMP4 and Otx-2), or are expressed at the right time and the right place (for XFKH1/Pintallavis and Tlx) to be interacting with gsc during vertebrate development. However, the pattern of D-gsc expression in ectodermal cells of the nervous system and foregut cannot easily be reconciled with that of vertebrate gsc mesodermal expression, suggesting that its precise developmental function might have diverged. Still, this comparison of domains of expression and functions among Gsc proteins could shed light on a common origin of gut formation and/or on basic cellular processes. The identification of gsc target genes and/or other genes involved in similar developmental processes will allow the definition of the precise phylogenetic relationship among Gsc proteins.