cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Modelling of some elliptic fluid mechanics problems by the boundary element method

Abstract In this paper we present some applications of the Boundary Element Method (BEM) to a class of Fluid Mechanics problems, for which it can be considered as one of the most powerful numerical tools engineers have developed in recent years: The elliptic problems, which correspond to the perfect fluid one, leading for instance to wave modelling, to the porous media flows and, in general, to dynamic interactions of fluid with structures. In each case, the problem's particular features are outlined and the BEM advantages and special numerical problems are emphasized (singular integration, discretization, full matrices,…).
Behavioral and human evoked response thresholds as a function of frequency.

This experiment measured the correspondence between the method of adjustment quiet threshold and the human vertex response (AER) quiet threshold, when various frequency signals were used. Behaviora...
NEUTRON EMISSION FROM COMPOUND NUCLEAR SYSTEMS OF HIGH ANGULAR MOMENTUM

Measurements were made of the energy spectra and angular distributions of neutrons emitted with laboratory energies in the range from 1 to 10 Mev in reactions induced by 160-Mev oxygen-16 ions incident on thin targets of aluminum, nickel, copper, and gold. Spectra were obtained (at laboratory angles between 30\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} and 150\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}) by analysis of the proton-recoil pulse-height spectra produced by the neutrons in a stilbene scintillation crystal. All spectra and angular distributions at these angles are consistent with the hypothesis of evaporation from compound nuclei. The energy spectra of neutrons emitted from the initial compound nuclei were calculated by use of statistical evaporation theory, both with and without modification to include (in a classical approximation) the effects of conservation of angular momentum. The dominant effect of conservation of angular momentum upon the calculated neutron spectra from the initial compound nuclei is a lowering of the nuclear emission temperature for the cases and parameters chosen. The measured spectra are compared to the spectra calculated both with and without the modification. The angular distributions are symmetric about 90\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} and peaked forward and backward. The total cross section for neutron production increases with increasing mass of the target atom, and is roughly 70% greater for copper than for nickel. This sudden increase is probably related to the greater neutron excess of copper.
Pharmacogenetic Association of Hypertension Candidate Genes with Fasting Glucose in the GenHAT Study

Several clinical studies report increased risk of diabetes mellitus (DM) with pharmacologic treatment for hypertension (HTN). HTN genes may modify glycemic response to antihypertensive treatment. The current study examined the association of 24 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 11 HTN candidate genes with fasting glucose measured at 2, 4, and 6 years after treatment initiation. The study sample included participants free of diabetes at baseline in the Genetics of Hypertension Associated Treatment (GenHAT) study (N=9,309). GenHAT participants were randomized to receive treatment with a diuretic (chlorthalidone), calcium channel blocker (amlodipine), or ACE inhibitor (lisinopril). Mixed models for repeated measures were employed to test for gene and pharmacogenetic associations with fasting glucose during follow-up. Fasting glucose at year 2 increased on average 6.8 mg/dL, 4.8 mg/dL and 3.0 mg/dL from baseline in the chlorthalidone, amlodipine and lisinopril groups, respectively. Carrying the I allele (rs1799752) of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) I/D polymorphism was associated with lower fasting glucose levels (P=0.02). Additionally, an ACE promoter polymorphism (−262, rs4291) was associated with lower fasting glucose for the model AA/AT vs. TT which remained significant after correction for multiple testing (P=0.001). Finally, a SNP in the α-subunit of the amiloride-sensitive epithelial sodium channel (SCNN1A, rs2228576) modified the association of amlodipine versus chlorthalidone treatment with fasting glucose (P<0.001). Further examination of these genes and their relationships with cardiometabolic disease could foster development of pharmacogenetic guidelines aimed to prevent increases in fasting glucose during antihypertensive treatment.
Underestimation of body waves and feasibility of surface-wave reconstruction by seismic interferometry

Interferometry is an approach to extract the Green's function between two receivers as if the virtual source is at one of the receiver locations. The Green's function which is the response to an impulsive source, accounts for the wave propagation in the medium between the two receivers. It is commonly thought that Green's function estimates obtained from interferometry accurately represent the full Green's function, but this is not always the case. In fact, the accuracy of the retrieved Green's function, which consists of the surface and body waves, is in practice restricted by the limited distribution of the sources of field fluctuations. We demonstrate the importance of adequate source distribution for the accuracy of the retrieved Green's function, using examples from interferometry applications. In these examples, sources are controlled (as in exploration seismology) or uncontrolled (as in crustal seismology).
Castration in rats impairs performance during acquisition of a working memory task and exacerbates deficits in working memory produced by scopolamine and mecamylamine.

Rationale Although much research has focused on the effects of ovarian hormones on learning and memory in females, less information is available regarding the effects of testicular hormones on learning and memory in males. Additionally, despite evidence of an interaction of testicular hormones and the cholinergic system in areas of the brain implicated in learning and memory, no information is available regarding the behavioral consequences of that interaction.
Response to Methylene Blue Does Not Have to Be Considered Only as Rescue Therapy for Distributive Shock

We thank Professor Evora for his fine work in this area and his comments on the use of methylene blue for distributive shock [1]. While we appreciate his enthusiasm for recommending more routine use of methylene blue for distributive shock, we respectfully disagree with early methylene blue use based on the current level of evidence. It is important to distinguish the various etiologies of distributive shock that may be encountered, including anaphylaxis, sepsis, and certain cardiovascular drug poisonings. If one carefully reviews the literature, the level of evidence for the use of methylene blue differs depending on the etiology of distributive shock. The author advocates more routine use of methylene blue for distributive shock based predominantly on personal experience. We feel that it is somewhat premature to recommend a treatment based solely on case reports and uncontrolled clinical evidence, when standard time-tested therapies are usually adequate. Ideally, such recommendations should be based on a higher level of evidence such as randomized control trials or case-controlled studies. We are also concerned that Professor Evora minimizes the risks associated with the use of methylene blue. Methylene blue may cause hemolytic anemia, emesis, and discoloration of bodily fluids. There are also reports of methylene blue interacting with other serotonergic agents to precipitate serotonin toxicity. This is described in an FDA safety announcement that was issued in July 2011 [2]. It is interesting to note that the author mentions this possibility in one of his own letters but fails to mention this in his current response [3]. While in his previous letter, he states that serotonin syndrome is uncommon, it is not as benign as suggested and is associated with serious morbidity and mortality [4]. While we strongly believe there is a role for methylene blue in select cases of drug-induced cardiovascular collapse, we are reluctant to recommend its early use given the very limited level of evidence at this time and the potential adverse effects. We encourage Professor Evora and other readers to develop trials that systematically collect data to help address these issues.
Comment on ``Fragment distributions for highly charged systems''

An article by Williams et al. fails to find evidence for critical behavior in central collisions of 35--400 MeV/nucleon ${}^{84}\mathrm{Kr}{+}^{197}\mathrm{Au}.$ On this basis, and because of the effect of secondary decay on the fragment charge distribution, these authors question the validity of the critical exponents obtained by the EOS Collaboration for 1 GeV/nucleon Au+C. It is shown that the experiment by Williams et al. was not optimized to search for critical behavior and that the effect of secondary decay at the excitation energy corresponding to the critical point in the Au + C system is small.
Economic democracy as an environmental measure

Abstract Even though the conventional capitalist corporation is the globally dominant form of business organization, it may not be the most environmentally friendly. Given the need for a sustainable steady-state economic system, some other form of business organization will likely be required that uses natural resource inputs more efficiently and is less growth oriented than the typical corporation. An attractive alternative is the producer cooperative, where employment is accompanied by a right to democratic participation in organizational governance and a share of surplus earnings. A comparative theoretical analysis of cooperative and profit-maximizing corporate behavior suggests that cooperatives will tend to use natural resource inputs more efficiently and will be less growth oriented than corporations. The limited comparative empirical research that is available supports the greater input efficiency of cooperatives relative to corporations. This same research suggests that in fully employed economies, cooperatives will be less growth oriented than corporations, although where unemployment is substantial the reverse is likely. Environmentally sustainable full employment is theoretically achievable through workweek reductions.
Performance of the 3D FFT on the 6D network torus QCDOC parallel supercomputer

Abstract QCDOC is a massively parallel supercomputer with tens of thousands of nodes distributed on a six-dimensional torus network. The 6D structureof the network provides the needed communication resources for many communication-intensive applications. In this paper, we present a parallelalgorithm for three-dimensional Fast Fourier Transform and its implementation for a 4096-node QCDOC prototype. Two techniques have beenused to increase its parallel performance: simultaneous multi-dimensional communication and communication-and-computation overlapping.Benchmarking experiments suggest that 3D FFTs of size 128 ×128 ×128 can scale well on such platforms up to 4096 nodes. Our performanceresults suggest stronger scalability on QCDOC than on IBM BlueGene/L supercomputer. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. PACS: 02.70.Ns; 34.20.Gj; 31.15.Ar; 87.15.He Keywords: Molecular dynamics simulation; Long-range interaction; Ab initio calculation; FFT; Blue Matter; Strong scalability; Parallel efﬁciency
Viewing Housing Holistically: The Resident-Focused Component of the Housing-Plus Agenda

Problem: It is widely believed that housing affects both residents' social and economic opportunities and the prospects for neighborhood upgrading. Housing plus refers to the public or nonprofit sectors providing affordable housing together with services that support family well-being and community development within subsidized rental housing developments. In this article I consider whether providing housing plus services rather than housing alone should be national policy. Purpose: This article provides an overview of the national housing-plus initiatives for families, what is known about their effectiveness, how nonprofit organizations are implementing them, how they affect participants, and recommendations for changes in state and federal policies. Methods: I review the literature assessing resident-focused housing-plus programs and draw on interviews with staff at eight large regional nonprofit organizations that provide such programs. Results and conclusions: There is little rigorous research on the ...
Copyright essentials for librarians and educators

This overview of copyright law introduces copyright fundamentals to educators and librarians. It covers almost every topic that is connected to copyright and includes appendices that contain defini...
Spectroscopic and electrical evaluation of poly(3-hexylthiophene) nanotubules made using template wetting nanofabrication

Abstract The unique properties of conjugated polymer nanostructures as compared to thin films of the same materials have fueled the investigation of a number of different polymer nanofabrication techniques. Here we examine the optoelectronic properties of poly(3-hexylthiophene)P3HT nanotubules made using one of the simplest of these techniques, template wetting nanofabrication. Comparison is made with results from our previous study in which in poly(2-methoxy-5-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylene vinylene) (MEH-PPV) nanotubules prepared in this manner were shown to have dramatically different properties in comparison with thin films due to increased molecular order in the nanostructures. With semicrystalline P3HT, the differences are much more subtle, we believe due to the greater inherent order in this material. In P3HT nanotubules, a small bathochromic shift (∼0.05 eV) in the onset of Uv–vis absorption was observed indicating increased long range order and a greater effective conjugation length in the polymer. Polarized FTIR spectroscopy indicated a small degree of preferential alignment of the inter-ring C–C bond with the axis of the nanotubules as the stretching vibration for this bond showed a dichroic ratio of 1.73. The degree of increased conjugation length and chain alignment in P3HT nanotubules indicated by both the UV–vis and polarized FTIR spectra were much smaller than that previously observed for MEH-PPV. No significant improvement in mobility as measured from the current voltage characteristics of simple single carrier devices based on the P3HT nanotubules was observed, in sharp contrast to previously studied MEH-PPV where more than an order of magnitude increase was seen. Unlike in amorphous MEH-PPV, the increase in molecular order suggested by spectral data was insufficient to significantly impact mobility of semicrystalline P3HT when using template wetting nanofabrication for either of the 100 or 200 nm nanotubules examined.
Coloring Jacobians revisited: a new algorithm for star and~acyclic bicoloring

This paper presents a new polynomial-time algorithm, approximate star bicoloring (ASBC), for star bicoloring and acyclic bicoloring. These NP-complete combinatorial problems arise from problems associated with computing large sparse Jacobian matrices. The main results of this paper lie in approximation analysis related to these problems. In particular, it is shown that (i) both star and acyclic bicoloring can be approximated in polynomial time to the ratio O(n 2/3) and (ii) both star and acyclic bicoloring cannot be approximated to the ratio O(n 1/3−e) in polynomial time under reasonable complexity theoretic hypotheses. The ASBC algorithm is also analysed experimentally on a collection of realistic test cases from the Harwell–Boeing sparse matrix collection. The experimental results indicate that ASBC performs quite well in practice; the performance of the new algorithm always fell within the range of 1.53 and 6 times optimal on the given test sets.
Emulsion polymerization of methyl methacrylate using poly(methyl methacrylate-co-2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate)-graft-polyoxyethylene as the stabilizer

This study involved the use of an amphipathic graft copolymer, poly(methyl methacrylate-co-2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate)–graft–polyoxyethylene, as a stabilizer in the emulsion polymerization of methyl methacrylate. The stabilizing effectiveness of this graft copolymer was studied as a function of its chemical structure. It was found that the stabilizing effectiveness of the graft copolymer was independent of the molecular weight of the backbone within the investigated range of 4 × 103 g/mol to 2 × 104 g/mol. In all cases, stable emulsion polymerizations of methyl methacrylate were observed. Effective stabilization also occurred when the graft moieties possessed a molecular weight of either 2 × 103 g/mol or 5 × 103 g/mol. However, the stabilizing effectiveness was found to be dependent on the amount of polyoxyethylene (POE) contained in the graft copolymer. In this case, graft copolymers possessing 67% by weight POE were poor stabilizers, but ones with 85% POE were very good stabilizers. Moreover, the graft copolymers were found to be superior stabilizers as compared to POE homopolymers.
Changes in morphology and function in small intestinal mucosa after Roux-en-Y surgery in a rat model

Background Currently there is no an appropriate model to study intestinal mucosal atrophy in vivo that preserves the nutritional status of the organism.
Encountering Distressing Information in Online Research: A Consideration of Legal and Ethical Responsibilities

This article explores the reasons why internet researchers should contemplate their responsibility for encountering distressing disclosure in the course of their online research. `Distressing' disclosure refers specifically to information that indicates an online communicant is considering harming him/herself or another/others (e.g. online users' announcements of suicide intentions, threats to kill another person, etc). Given both the nature of online communication and research, those who study internet users and communities may find themselves particularly likely to come across distressing information in their research. Using personal homepages as a case in point, this article inquires: are researchers legally accountable for reacting in some way to the distressing online self-disclosure of those they study? Absent a legal responsibility, do researchers have any ethical or moral obligation to intervene? If an ethical responsibility does suggest itself, what are the barriers to intervention? Finally, how ...
Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology of Cocaine

Cocaine abuse has produced a major epidemic health problem in North America in the 1980s. The abuse of cocaine is maintained by the drug's effects on brain reward systems, mediated at least in part by its dopaminergic action. The patterns and consequences of use are best understood by considering the pharmacokinetics (rapid absorption and delivery to the brain, relatively short half-life) and the pharmacodynamics (intense central and peripheral neural stimulation). Cocaine is used therapeutically as a topical and local anaesthetic. Toxicity occurs primarily in cocaine abusers, but also occasionally after therapeutic dosing. Medical complications reflect primarily excessive central nervous system stimulation and excessive vasoconstriction, the latter resulting in severe hypertension and/or organ ischaemia with associated organ injury. Most deaths that result from medical complications of cocaine intoxication are sudden and occur before medical intervention is possible. Other complications of cocaine abuse with severe personal and social consequences include traumatic deaths and injuries, and reproductive disturbances, as well as transmission of infectious diseases, especially AIDS. Cocaine addiction is clearly a problem, although the number of addicts is unknown. Pharmacologic treatment of cocaine addiction has as yet been unsuccessful. Psychosocial approaches remain the mainstay of therapy.
Meta-level patterns for interactive knowledge capture

Current knowledge acquisition tools have limited understanding of how users enter knowledge and how acquired knowledge is used, and provide limited assistance in organizing various knowledge authoring tasks. Users have to make up for these shortcomings by keeping track of past mistakes, current status, potential new problems, and possible courses of actions by themselves. In this paper, we present a novel extension to existing knowledge acquisition tools where the system organizes the episodes of past interactions through a set of declarative meta-level patterns and improves its suggestions based on relevant episodes. In particular, we focus on 1) assessing the level of confidence in suggesting an action, 2) suggesting how a knowledge authoring action can be done based on successful past actions, and 3) monitoring dynamic changes in the environment to suggest relevant modifications in the knowledge base. A preliminary study with varying synthetic user interactions shows that this meta-level assessment may reduce the number of incorrect suggestions, prevent some of the user mistakes and improve the overall problem solving results.
Recognition and prevention of hospital violence.

Violence is the second leading cause of death in the workplace. Most acts of violence in the healthcare setting go unreported. Critical care and emergency department nurses must be prepared to deal with these tragedies. This article presents vital information on how to recognize and prevent violence in the critical care and emergency departments. Language: en
Transplantation of male mouse submaxillary gland increases survival of axotomized basal forebrain neurons.

Transaction of the fimbria-fornix results in a loss of magnocellular neurons in the medial septum and vertical limb of the diagonal band (MS/VDB), possibly due to the deprivation of a retrogradely transported trophic substance, such as nerve growth factor (NGF), derived from the hippocampal formation. We have, utilized a transplantation model in which grafts of NGF-rich male mouse submaxillary gland were placed in the lateral ventricle adjacent to the MS/VDB of rats with transactions of the fimbria-fornix. At 2-4 weeks following transection, animals with grafted submaxillary glands exhibited enhanced survival of MS/VDB neurons, which stained positive for acetycholinesterase and were immunoreactive for the NGF receptor. These experiments demonstrate that grafts of male mouse submaxillary gland can facilitate the survival of axotomized MS/VDB cholinergic neurons and may therefore prove beneficial in promoting regeneration of damaged neural systems.
Identification of juvenile hormone target genes in the adult female mosquitoes.

Many aspects of reproductive maturation in newly emerged adult female mosquitoes are controlled by juvenile hormone (JH). However, the molecular basis of this hormonal regulation remains poorly understood. In this study, we analyzed transcriptome changes in young female adults after topical application of exogenous JH. mRNA levels of 16 and 72 genes were enhanced at 3 h and 12 h after hormone administration, respectively. The observed upregulations can be also induced by the JH analogues, methoprene and pyriproxyfen, but not by farnesol, indicating that these responses are JH-specific. Among the genes activated by JH is the mosquito Kruppel homolog 1 (Kr-h1) gene. Studies in the beetle Tribolium castaneum have indicated that Kr-h1 is transcriptionally activated by JH during metamorphosis and encodes a gene expression regulator acting downstream of the methoprene-tolerant (Met) gene in the JH signaling pathway. We found that the upregulation of AaKr-h1 after eclosion relied on the function of the mosquito Met protein, suggesting that a conserved JH signaling pathway is utilized both in the metamorphosis of T. castaneum and in the adult reproductive maturation of the Aedes aegypti mosquito. This study lays a foundation for a better understanding of the mechanisms of juvenile hormone action.
Observation of a relativistic, bistable hysteresis in the cyclotron motion of a single electron.

A bistable hysteresis in the cyclotron motion of a single electron has been observed which is so pronounced that it provides the best signal-to-noise ratio ever observed with a single elementary particle in a trap. The effect is due entirely to the relativistic mass increase despite very low kinetic energies between 0.016 and 10 eV. During these experiments, a single electron was trapped continuously for more than 10 months in a Penning trap.
Distribution and Dynamic Habitat Use of Young Bull Sharks Carcharhinus leucas in a Highly Stratified Northern Gulf of Mexico Estuary

Understanding how animals alter habitat use in response to changing abiotic conditions is important for effective conservation management. For bull sharks (Carcharhinus leucas), habitat use has been widely examined in the eastern and western Gulf of Mexico; however, knowledge of their movements and the factors influencing them is lacking for populations in the more temperate north-central Gulf of Mexico. To examine how changes in hydrographic conditions affected the presence of young bull sharks in Mobile Bay, Alabama, thirty-five sharks were fitted with internal acoustic transmitters and monitored with an acoustic monitoring array consisting of thirty-three receivers between June 2009 and December 2010. Tagged sharks ranged in size from 60 to 114 cm fork length and were detected between the upper and lower portions of Mobile Bay. Despite a variety of freshwater sources associated with this highly productive estuary, sharks were most consistently detected at the largest input to the system – the Mobile and Tensaw Rivers. Our findings suggest a combination of hydrographic factors interact to influence the distribution of juvenile bull sharks in Mobile Bay. The factors affecting the probability of detecting at least one bull shark varied both temporally (2009 vs 2010) and spatially (upper vs lower bay). Electivity analysis demonstrated that bull sharks showed highest affinity for warm water (29–32°C), moderate salinities (10–11 psu) and normoxic waters (5–7 mg/l), although these patterns were not consistent between regions or across years. We suggest future studies coupling telemetry and hydrographic variables should, when possible, consider the interactions of multiple environmental parameters when defining the dynamic factors explaining the spatial distribution of coastal sharks.
Killing Two Birds With One Salicylate: Aspirin's Dual Roles in Preventative Health

In a recent article published in The Lancet, investigators studied the impact of daily aspirin use on subsequent cancer deaths. Utilizing data from more than 25,000 patients enrolled in 8 large trials, which were originally intended to study the impact of daily aspirin use on the incidence of cardiovascular events, the authors found a substantial decrease in risk of fatal solid organ malignancies. In particular, the risk reduction was specific to adenocarcinomas. The findings from this study are highly relevant to the thoracic surgeon, with adenocarcinomas of the lung and esophagus among those tumors demonstrating the most profound risk reduction.
Basic image-processing operations by use of acousto-optics

We describe some basic optical image-processing operations with acousto-optic (AO) Bragg diffraction. Instead of using frequency-plane filters, we place an AO cell behind the object. We then realize experimentally one-dimensional edge enhancement, which utilizes a high-pass filtering effect in the undiffracted order from the AO cell. A numerical simulation compares well with the experimental results. With two AO cells oriented orthogonally to each other, a second-order mixed derivative operation, evident from the four-corner enhancement of a square, is also demonstrated.
Primates of Bangladesh: A preliminary survey of population and habitat

Abstract The distribution and abundance of non-human primates in Bangladesh is presented. Roadside and forest surveys were conducted throughou the alluvial floodplains and hill regions of Sylhet, Chittagong, and Cox's Bazar. In forests, walking and vehicle transects were used to census primates. The ecology and status of major habitat types are discussed. Forest primate populations are evaluated according to habitat classification. I estimate a minimum of 140, 000 non-human primates in Bangladesh. Factors contributing to this low population are discussed.
Interfacial Properties Prediction of Liquid Iron-Si Inclusion-MgO Refractory

A thermodynamic model for the prediction of interfacial tension of liquid iron, inclusion and solid oxide substrate/refractory was evaluated. The combined Good’s and Young’s equations were used for high temperature liquid metal-solid oxide substrate-inclusion system to evaluate the interfacial tensions. The study predicts the liquid silicon (as model inclusion/impurity) adherence on the solid oxide substrate/refractory (MgO) in a liquid iron melt. The calculated results for interfacial tension between liquid iron-MgO values decreased from 1798 to 1026 ergs/cm2 as the temperature increases from 1823 to 1933 K, respectively. The Gibbs energy of adhesion for liquid silicon-MgO substrate was calculated shows that silicon adhesion to MgO substrate increases with increasing surface tension of liquid Fe/MgO and with decreasing temperature.
Twenty-four-hour variation of 5-hydroxytryptophan decarboxylase and monoamine oxidase activities in the eyestalks of the fiddler crab, UCA pugilator☆

1. The enzymes 5-hydroxytryptophan decarboxylase (5-HTPD) and monoamine oxidase (MAO) are present in the eyestalk of the fiddler crab, Uca pugilator. 2. Both enzymes exhibit 24-hr variation in their activities. 5-HTPD is most active at 13:00 hr in crabs maintained under a 13-hr photoperiod, lights on at 05:30 hr. MAO is most active at midnight under the same conditions. 3. These 24-hr variations are discussed in relation to the circadian rhythm of color change this crab exhibits. 4. MAO appears to be present either in more than a single form (isoenzymes) or as a single enzyme species with at least two active sites.
Stochastic Regression Modeling of Chemical Spectra

Abstract A stochastic regression model is presented that separates signal from noise in chemical spectra. Spectra are decomposed into additive contributions from signal and from estimated noise. Numerical results on sample spectra are presented and suggest that this strategy offers an effective and computationally efficient framework for comprehensive noise estimation and analysis. From this analysis more effective methods of feature extraction in chemical spectra can be created.
The Spiritual Leadership Balanced Scorecard Business Model: the case of the Cordon Bleu‐Tomasso Corporation

Developments in strategic scorecards, performance measurement and quality, e.g. Baldrige Award Criteria, point out the pivotal role that employee well‐being and performance plays in predicting all other key strategic indicators. The purpose of this paper is to offer the Spiritual Leadership Balanced Scorecard Business Model as a driver of employee well‐being, organizational commitment and productivity, corporate social responsibility and, ultimately, financial performance, via its impact on internal processes, output quality, and customer satisfaction. An illustrative case study of is offered as an example of how the Spiritual Leadership Balanced Scorecard Business Model can be applied, through Cordon Bleu‐Tomasso Corporation’s innovative human and economic ISMAs (Integrated System of Management Activities), in the daily management of a company deeply committed to the constant pursuit of the reconciliation of human well‐being with productivity and profits through an emphasis on workplace spirituality with...
STATISTICAL SUBSTITUTES FOR EXPERIMENTAL CONTROL

St~mmary.-The problem of inadequate control in matched-group designs, frequently described as regression effects, is discussed in terms of the properties of partial correlations. Both correlationai analysis and the comparison of matched groups suffer from unreliability and low validity in control measures, but the former does not require discard of cases chat cannoc be matched. Also, correlational analysis is more flexible and less susceptible to illusions of experimental control than the matching design. Lytton, Croxen, and Pysh (1973) are wrong in detail in their defense of their matching methodology, i.e., regression to the mean does affect their results in the way described by Vockell and Asher (1973). More importantly, however, Lytton, et al. committed an error of greater consequence, in which they are not alone, in treating a problem in multivariate correlational analysis by a univariate design. The fact that they matched on several variables is immaterial in this regard. Matching never accomplishes anything that cannot be handled better by other methods and typically leads to an illusory feeling that uncontrolled variables have now been placed under experimental control. Vockell and Asher's ( 1973; Asher 8: Vockell, 1974) discussion of regression effects can be restated in terms of partial correlational analysis. Matching represents an approximation to partial correlational analysis based on a reduced number of observat:ons due to failure to match. The first characteristic to note is that the size of the parcial correlation between an independent and a dependent variable is sensitive to the reliability of the control variable. If reading is the independent variable (x), finger 10calizat.on the dependent variable ( y ), and socio-economic status the control or matching variable (z), the partial correlation desired is the following: .
Interfacial structure and growth mechanisms of lath-shaped precipitates in Ni-45 wt° Cr

Abstract The interfacial structure of bcc laths precipitated from a nickel-rich fee matrix were studied using transmission electron microscopy and high-resolution electron microscopy (HREM). 50 precipitates and more than 200 defects in their vicinity were analysed. HREM images indicate the parallel conjugate planes of the Kurdjumov-Sachs orientation relationship are continuous across the broad face of the laths. In agreement with earlier studies, the (121)f habit plane contains structural ledges, irregularly spaced dislocations but no regular array of misfit dislocations. 87° of dislocations in the habit plane have Burgers vectors in the conjugate plane. These dislocations are found in the risers of growth ledges and must climb as the ledges migrate. The dislocations accommodate misfit in the conjugate planes of the orientation relationship while misfit perpendicular to these planes is compensated by elastic strain. Stacking faults found extending into the matrix from the precipitate habit plane accommoda...
Partners in Writing and Rewriting History: Philanthropy and Higher Education.

Hearkening back to the historic relationship between philanthropy and higher education is useful for two reasons. First, it allows us to examine history in a more complete context. Second, it allows us to draw contemporary parallels. Rather than building institutions, today's transformational donors appear interested in how institutions build communities. While further research is needed, connections between the motives of today's donors and the outlets for their giving seem to indicate an opportunity for affecting change in the academy's internal operations (including those of development), and in making a transformative impact on the institution's role in society.
Intrauterine Hypoxia-Ischemia Increases N-Methyl-D-Aspartate-Induced cGMP Formation and Glutamate Accumulation in Cultured Rat Cerebellar Granule Cells

Effects of intrauterine hypoxia-ischemia (HI) on brain functional development in the term rat were examined in cerebellar granule cell cultures obtained from an in utero HI model. On gestation d 17, HI conditions were achieved by complete clamping of the uterine vasculature for designated durations followed by removal of the clamps to permit reperfusion. Sham operation (surgery without vasculature clamping) was performed as the control. After surgery, the uterine horns were returned to dam's abdomen to let the pups deliver naturally. Severe HI insult from the surgical manipulation was evident in that the lactate levels of fetal brain increased, and fetal blood pH decreased with the duration of vasculature clamping up to 1 h. The experimental HI insult up to 1 h did not affect fetal survival rate, but retarded growth of fetuses or newborns was observed in the 1 h HI group. N-Methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)- and kainate (KA)-stimulated cGMP formation and glutamate accumulation were measured in cerebellar granule cell cultures from 8-d-old pups suffering from various durations of antenatal HI insult. NMDA (100 microM)-induced elevation of cGMP was further augmented by a 10-35-min HI insult as compared with the control cells (62.4-78.2 versus 49 pmol/mg protein). In the presence of L-NG-monomethyl-arginine (L-NMMA, 150 microM), a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, NMDA-induced cGMP formation was blocked, and the blockade of cGMP formation by L-NMMA (10 microM) could be reversed by simultaneous application of 1 mM arginine in both control and HI cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Role of Oxide Surface Chemistry and Phospholipid Phase on Adsorption and Self-Assembly: Isotherms and Atomic Force Microscopy

We have examined the effects of metal oxide surface chemistry and lipid phase on phospholipid adsorption affinity and self-assembly. Adsorption isotherms of ditridecanoylphosphocholine (DTPC) at 40 °C and pH 7.2 on quartz (α-SiO2), rutile (α-TiO2), and corundum (α-Al2O3) particle suspensions indicated oxide-dependent adsorption affinity that decreased as rutile > corundum ≅ quartz at low concentrations and corundum > rutile ≅ quartz at higher concentrations. Significantly, atomic force microscopy of DTPC and dipalmitoylphosphocholine (DPPC) at high concentration on planar oxide surfaces at 25 °C in liquid-crystal and gel phases, respectively, also showed oxide-specific adsorption. Multiple bilayers formed on corundum (100), indicating greater coverage compared to single bilayers, bilayer patches, or supported vesicle layers on the negatively charged surfaces of mica (001), rutile (100), and amorphous silica glass (fused quartz plate). Thus, the amount and self-assembly of adsorbed phospholipid was found t...
Comparison of the E test (PDM epsilometer) and broth microdilution susceptibility tests for members of the Bacteroides fragilis group

The E test, a quantitative disk diffusion susceptibility test, was compared with the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) standardized broth microdilution (BMD) test. A total of 101 isolates in the Bacteroides fragilis group were tested against five antibiotics: cefoxitin, cefotaxime, clindamycin, imipenem, and piperacillin. An agreement of 85%-87% was observed between the E and BMD tests for cefotaxime and clindamycin, 74%-75% for piperacillin and imipenem, and 65% for cefoxitin. Four major (false-resistant) interpretive discrepancies (two each with cefotaxime and piperacillin) and no very major (false-susceptible) discrepancies were observed at 24 hr of incubation. The number of major discrepancies increased to nine when the E test strips were incubated for 48 hr. Although the number of major and very major discrepancies were low for the individual antibiotics, the E test is currently unacceptable with the high proportion of minor discepancies.
Gas-rich minerals in the Allende meteorite: Attempted chemical characterization

A ten-step etching experiment with HNO3 was performed on a chromite-carbon residue from Allende, in order to characterize the HNO3-soluble minor phase 'Q' that contains most of the primordial Ar, Kr, and Xe. Each etch fraction was analyzed by neutron activation analysis for Cr, Fe, Co, Ir, and Au. The results suggest that Q consists of two minerals, each comprising about 5 per cent of the residue. Phase Q1, of Fe/Cr ratio greater than 20, is soluble in cold dilute HNO3 and seems to contain most of the heavy noble gases. It may be an HCl-insoluble sulfide of nominal composition (Fe84Ni12Cr4)Sx. Phase Q2, of Fe/Cr ratio about 0.5 and somewhat enriched in Co, is slowly soluble in hot concentrated HNO3 and seems to be at least an order of magnitude poorer in heavy noble gases than Q1. It may be daubre-elite or an acid-soluble variety of chromite.
Nurse attendee purchasing patterns.

Abstract Retention of nursing professionals is crucial in responding to the increasing demand for and complexity of nursing care. Augmenting the decision-making role of nurses is one important retention-related strategy. Purchasing patterns reflect one aspect of nurses' decision-making role. National meetings provide nurses with an opportunity to investigate educational and employment options, as well as to preview technological advances in patient care products and supplies. Yet, the purchasing patterns of nurses related to the marketing of patient care supplies, or educational material at national meetings have rarely been acknowledged or researched. This study investigated the purchasing patterns of nurse attendees as revealed at a national meeting and how attendance influenced purchasing input following the meeting. The study addressed differences in purchasing patterns between specific groups of nurse attendees, as well as the relationship between meeting attendance motivators and purchasing patterns...
Generational Differences in Resistance to Peer Pressure among Mexican-Origin Adolescents

This study examined whether Mexican-origin adolescents (N = 1,062) who varied by generational status in the United States would differ with regard to their resistance to peer pressure. After contro...
Localization of 125I-labeled FSH in the testes of hypophy-sectomized rats by autoradiography at the light and electron microscope levels.

Previous evidence has indicated that the testicular receptors for FSH reside on plasma membranes in seminiferous tubules, and that the Sertoli cell is a primary target of the hormone. Since the Sertoli cell is large and elaborately structured, it is important to know whether there is a regional distribution of receptors over its extensive surface. In the present study, the specific binding of 25I-labeled hFSH to seminiferous tubules of hypophysectomized rats was examined, utilizing autoradiography at both the light and electron microscope levels. Purified hFSH (LER-1575C) was iodinated to an average specific activity of 29 μCi/μg, and approximately 1 μg was administered intratesticularly in 40 day old rats which had been hypophysectomized 10 days earlier. In some cases, testosterone was administered after hypophysectomy in order to maintain spermatogenesis. Controls were of two types: 40 day old intact littermates in which endogenous FSH presumably occupied most of the receptors, and hypophysectomized rat...
Assertional reasoning about data races in relaxed memory models

We describe the ideas behind a method to use assertional reasoning to statically show that all sequentially consistent executions of a concurrent program are free from data races.
Visualization of pattern data through learning of non-linear variance-conserving dimension-reduction mapping

Abstract A new approach to reduced-dimension mapping of multi-dimensional pattern data is described. It consists of learning a mapping from the original pattern space to a reduced-dimension space in an unsupervised non-linear manner but with the constraint that the overall variance in the representation of the data be conserved. The motivation for this work is to provide a method for “visualizing” complex large bodies of multidimensional data in terms of low-dimension entities. This approach relates to but is different from both the Karhunen-Loeve (K-L) and auto-associative approaches which emphasize feature extraction, and also from the ART and feature mapping approaches which emphasize category formation based on similarity in the original representation. This new method is highly efficient computationally. Basic characteristics of this new approach are described in this discussion. Application of the procedure to a body of gasoline blending data resulted in a mapping which can be used to guide future blending formulations. Application to sensor data resulted in the discovery of a rule for distinguishing between fault and no fault conditions. Visual monitoring of the evolution of a system can also be realized in this manner. This variance-conserving mapping is learned in a computationally efficient manner.
A denial-of-service resistant intrusion detection architecture

Abstract As the capabilities of intrusion detection systems (IDSs) advance, attackers may disable organizations’ IDSs before attempting to penetrate more valuable targets. To counter this threat, we present an IDS architecture that is resistant to denial-of-service (DOS) attacks. The architecture frustrates attackers by making IDS components invisible to attackers’ normal means of “seeing” in a network. Upon a successful attack, the architecture allows IDS components to relocate from attacked hosts to operational hosts thereby mitigating the attack. These capabilities are obtained by using mobile agent technology, utilizing network topology features, and by restricting the communication allowed between different types of IDS components.
Strain energy release rates of an interfacial crack between two anisotropic solids under uniform axial strain

Abstract Mode I, Mode II, and Mode III strain energy release rates for a crack lying along the interface of two dissimilar anisotropic elastic solids subjected to uniform axial strain are investigated analytically and also by the finite element method. It is shown that owing to the violent oscillatory crack-tip stress behavior, the strain energy release rates for Modes I, II, and III do not converge to definite values. However, the total strain energy release rate is well defined. A method for separating the effective strain energy release rates for the three fracture modes is suggested.
Structural measurements of hydrogen-bonded van der Waals dimers and trimers by rotational coherence spectroscopy. 2,5-diphenyloxadiazole (PPD) with water

Abstract Rotational coherence spectroscopy involving polarized, time-correlated single-photon counting techniques has been used to measure the excited-state structures of hydrogen-bonded complexes between PPD and water at the 1:1 and 1:2 levels of aggregation. Structure determinations involved comparison of measured and simulated RCS traces using the measured B and C rotational constants. PPD/(H2O)1 reveals a singly hydrogen-bonded, in-plane structure with an N…HO distance of 2.95±0.1 A. The best structural estimate for the 1:2 complex, PPD/(H2O)2, consists of a water dimer, hydrogen bonded to one nitrogen atom of PPD.
The Effect of Advances in Video Game Technology and Content on Aggressive Cognitions, Hostility, and Heart Rate

Two studies were conducted that tested the moderating role of video game graphics quality in the relationship between video game content and aggression-related variables. In both studies, participants played either a violent or nonviolent video game on one of three video game systems with differing technological computing power (which contributes to the realism depicted in these video games). In Study 2, the moderating and mediating role of immersion was also tested. Results showed that video game violence exposure was related to aggressive cognitions and state of hostility. Video game technology did not moderate this relationship. Finally, immersion, as an individual difference variable, did not moderate or mediate this relationship. This suggests that aggressive cognitions and feelings occur independent of how technologically advanced the graphics are and the extent to which one feels as though they are immersed in a violent video game. Implications and future research are discussed.