cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Acme de Mexico: Recuerdos Tristes de un Pasado Alegre

SUBJECT AREAS: Country risk, cross-border exposure management, Mexico, tequila effect, financial crises. CASE SETTING: 1995, manufacturing, Mexico. The purpose of this case is to convey an understanding of the cross-border economic, political and financial risks faced by companies doing business in emerging markets under high-stress conditions. Diagnosis of sources of risk and return and their pricing, interaction between country risk and firm-specific risk, and the interaction between macroeconomic policy and its microeconomic consequences can be discussed using this case. The case focuses on the pathology of the Mexican situation between the time of the 1982 debt crisis and the Tequila crisis of 1994-95. Students should use the tools of open-economy macroeconomics to diagnose how the country got back into trouble after a sterling track record following the Brady Plan debt workout. The first dimension of the case considers the open-economy macropolicy framework. What was Mexico doing right? Mexico was widely praised for conforming to the "Washington Consensus" of market liberalization, privatization, responsible monetary policy, highly responsible fiscal policy, etc. What went wrong? Unwillingness to deal with a deteriorating fiscal and monetary picture that included upward pressure on the real exchange rate, leading to an increasing need for external finance, which was done in large part through the issuance of Tesebonos (dollar- indexed, guaranteed-convertible short-term peso securities). Many were purchased by Mexicans and foreign institutional investors, who would liquidate as soon as confidence in policy and in the Peso was shaken. Those fundamentals plus the onset of political crises set off the run and the collapse of the peso and the need for the rescue. The second dimension of the case considers the same issues from a corporate perspective. The near-term aspect deals with the stock and trade of international financial management, setting the probability of loss from foreseeable and unforeseeable events against the cost of insurance. A currency devaluation will hit the balance sheet immediately. In high inflation countries profits are either made or lost by the way the balance sheet is managed. The long-term issue is how operating conditions in Mexico are likely to evolve over the firm's planning horizon. REQUESTS FOR COPIES: To receive a copy of this case please contact: Ms. Ann Rusolo, Stern School of Business, New York University, 44 West 4th Street, New York, NY 10012, Phone: (212) 998-0703 Fax: (212) 995-4220 E-Mail: MAILTO:arusolo@stern.nyu.edu
MR Imaging of the Shoulder: First Dislocation versus Chronic Instability

Traumatic dislocation of the shoulder is a frequent injury in the young and active population. An acute shoulder dislocation often denotes a onetime traumatic episode, whereas chronic shoulder instability indicates multiple recurrent dislocations. Imaging, in particular MRI, is a useful tool that can accurately demonstrate the typical soft tissue and osseous markers of shoulder dislocation. However, the ability to differentiate between first time versus recurrent dislocation based on imaging remains in question. In this article, we describe the underlying biomechanics of glenohumeral stability as well as the imaging features and treatment options of shoulder dislocation. A review of current literature is presented, aimed to shed light about the potential role of imaging in distinguishing first dislocation versus chronic instability.
Effect of Larval Diet on Cat Flea (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae) Developmental Times and Adult Emergence

The natural diet of cat flea, Ctenocephalides felis (Bouche), larvae is primarily adult flea feces, but dried bovine blood may be substituted in the laboratory. Percentage adult emergence (79.4% on feces; 78.9% on blood) and developmental times (20.6 d on feces; 17.1 d on blood) did not significantly differ for the two diets. The drying temperature of blood determined its quality; blood dried at 120°C was unsatisfactory for larval development. The dietary value of dried bovine blood was not enhanced when supplemented with brewer’s yeast, rodent chow, or a combination of those constituents. Blood particle size ranging from 500u did not affect the value of blood as a diet. Rodent chow, yeast, albumen, hemoglobin, and mixtures of these constituents were unsuitable as larval diets.
In vivo imaging of osteoarthritic changes with optical coherence tomography

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a powerful medical imaging technology because it permits the high resolution imaging of cross sectional microstructure in situ and in real time [1].
Nuclear deformations in the pairing-plus-quadrupole model: (VI). Theory of collective motion

Abstract A theory of collective motion based on the time-dependent Hartree-Bogolyubov approximation is shown to be possible for the pairing-plus-quadrupole model. It is a non-linear adiabatic theory, which makes it suitable for soft nuclei. The results are very close to those of the cranking theory, but they are not subject to the objections usually made against the latter. Explicit formulae are given for the potential energy, the three moments of inertia and the three vibrational inertial parameters entering Bohr's collective Hamiltonian for arbitrary quadrupole deformations and for the gyromagnetic ratios. A simple extension of the theory is found able to deal with core polarization. The theory has no obvious generalization to two-body forces other than pairing-plus-quadrupole.
Surface-Directed Assembly of Sequence-Defined Synthetic Polymers into Networks of Hexagonally Patterned Nanoribbons with Controlled Functionalities.

The exquisite self-assembly of proteins and peptides in nature into highly ordered functional materials has inspired innovative approaches to the design and synthesis of biomimetic materials. While sequence-defined polymers hold great promise to mimic proteins and peptides for functions, controlled assembly of them on surfaces still remains underdeveloped. Here, we report the assembly of 12-mer peptoids containing alternating acidic and aromatic monomers into networks of hexagonally patterned nanoribbons on mica surfaces. Ca2+–carboxylate coordination creates peptoid–peptoid and peptoid–mica interactions that control self-assembly. In situ atomic force microscopy (AFM) shows that peptoids first assemble into discrete nanoparticles; these particles then transform into hexagonally patterned nanoribbons on mica surfaces. AFM-based dynamic force spectroscopy studies show that peptoid–mica interactions are much stronger than peptoid–peptoid interactions, illuminating the driving forces for mica-directed peptoi...
Photoelectrocatalytic Degradation of Acid Orange II by Fe_2O_3 Modified TiO_2 Catalyst

Fe2O3-TiO2 coatings were successfully prepared on glass slide substrates using sol-gel method for photocatalytic applications.The phase structure,thermal microstructure and surface properties of coatings were respectively characterized by using X-ray diffractometry(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy.Fe2O3TiO2 photocatalyst showed obvious red-shift compared with pure TiO2 by DRS,and absorbance in the visible range of Fe2O3 samples increase with the increase of amount of Fe2O3 loaded.Photocatalytic degradation of Acid Orange II showed that 20wt% Fe2O3 modified TiO2 film was the optimal photocatalyst for degradation.Removal rate of TOC indicated that a lower pH value was beneficial to mineralization of Acid Orange II.
Bioeffects of extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy. Strategy for research and treatment

Available information on the bioeffects of ESWL is insufficient to characterize the tissue injury induced by shock waves. The cellular mechanisms have not been elucidated, nor are there enough data to establish objective criteria for treatment.
Rat cecal inocula produce different patterns of short-chain fatty acids than fecal inocula in in vitro fermentations

The effects of bacterial collection site, bacterial adaption to substrate and duration of fermentation on short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production were studied using an in vitro fermentation system. Cecal and fecal inocula from rats fed purified diets containing 100 g/kg dietary fiber from canned peas or psyllium seed husk, or a nonpurified diet containing 170 g/kg dietary fiber fermented ileal excreta from colectomized rats fed a purified diet containing 100 g/kg dietary fiber from canned peas. The SCFA concentration, measured by gas chromatography, in anaerobic fermentations of 0, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h, increased (P < 0.05) through 72 h. Compared with fecal inocula, cecal inocula produced SCFA at greater (P < 0.05) initial rates, more (P < 0.05) total SCFA and a greater (P < 0.05) proportion as n-butyrate. Inocula from rats fed the pea or nonpurified diets produced SCFA at greater (P < 0.05) molar proportions as acetate and less (P < 0.05) as propionate than inocula from rats fed psyllium seed husk at most time points. We conclude that collection site, adaptation of bacteria to the substrate to be fermented and duration of fermentation significantly influence the results of in vitro fermentation studies.
Neurological assessment for learning disability

Learning disabilities present a diagnostic and therapeutic management challenge that requires an interdisciplinary approach initiated and coordinated by the child neurologist. An optimal evaluation for these conditions must include an extensive knowledge of the types and range of these disorders, a complete neurological and laboratory examination, a neuropsychological assessment tailored to the individual needs of the patient, a speech pathological evaluation when pertinent, and special attention to the frequent co-occurrence of more than one condition susceptible of interfering with learning.
Computer Aided Rheometry

Commercial rheometers have advanced significantly in recent years, but data evaluation remains the most difficult step in the rheometry laboratory. This evaluation involves comparison of data from different instruments and different transient experimental modes, estimation of the range of validity of the data, and determination of the parameters in rheological models. Methods for analyzing rheometry data are well known, however, they involve time consuming and repetitive steps which ideally should be performed by a computer. Over the past years, we have developed software which accepts data from various rheometers and interactively determines the temperature shift factor, the discrete relaxation modes, and the correlation between various transient and steady flows. The software requires a DOS operated PC (IBM or compatible) and is easy to use. Examples will be shown.
Adjuvant chemotherapy for a T3 additional tumor nodule in the same lobe: ready for prime time?

In a recent edition of the Journal of Thoracic Oncology , Salazar et al . sought to determine the role of adjuvant chemotherapy in a subgroup of patients with T3 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who presented with an additional tumor nodule in the same lobe (1). To address this question, the authors used the National Cancer Database (NCDB), which, in 2010, added an additional subcategory to identify T3 tumors on the basis of the presence of an additional tumor nodule in the same lobe. From this cohort of patients with T3 tumors (n=1,013), those requiring additional chemotherapy for other indications—such as lymph node metastases, tumors ≥4 cm, and direct chest wall invasion—were excluded.
Interventional Management of Venous Thromboembolism: State of the Art.

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this article is to describe the indications for and approach to catheter-based treatment of acute venous thromboembolism (VTE). CONCLUSION. Catheter-based treatment of VTE is a viable adjunct to anticoagulant therapy and is being rapidly adopted around the United States. Early data suggest that these therapies reduce postthrombotic sequelae and improve quality of life, but bleeding events are still frequent, particularly at low-volume centers. Protocols need to be standardized to improve patient care.
The "Human Side" of Care Coordination: A Whole-Person Approach.

The era of health care reform brought care coordination into the spotlight. As case managers know, care coordination is an essential part of the case management process, crucial to implementing a care plan and helping ensure safe and effective transitions from one care setting to the next. This is c
Beyond the charity-service paradigm: building ethical platforms for social justice education with those most affected

I propose that the largest challenge and benefit of CAP is bound up in a small but significant word in Frey and Palmer’s (2014) definition of Communication Activism Pedagogy: with. Working “with op...
Virtual Reality mediated instruction and learning

Several prominent media theories support the use of Virtual Reality (VR) in education, however, there are few examples to draw from due to barriers in implementation. Current generation, mainstream virtual reality systems have largely removed these barriers, allowing for evaluations to now take place.
Predecisional Search in Concept Formation: The Effects of Problem Complexity

Predecisional search was studied among 72 women Ss with concept formation problems in which total uncertainty, information per exemplar, and proportion of relevant attributes were controlled. Analyses of variance revealed significant effects for complexity of problem and proportion of relevant attributes upon (a) amount of information acquired, (b) amount of information unused, and (c) proportion of information used.
A recommendation system for first-order nearly orthogonal-and-balanced (NOAB) designs

The construction of nearly orthogonal-and-balanced (NOAB) designs is examined for full first-order models in the framework of an algorithm selection problem, allowing for the examination of experimental design performance measures for various design sizes and maximum allowed imbalance settings. Based on a randomly-generated set of large design spaces, performances measures of D-criterion for good parameter estimation as well as estimated maximum unscaled prediction variance (UPV) are largely driven by choice of design size, with specific design space features found to impact the measures. In this multi-objective setting, prediction of design performance within the framework consistently results in designs that perform well over an entire sampled weight space for the multiple performance measures as well as for specific weights.
Headache and Arts Program: Headache and Concussion Education in High School Visual Arts Classes (P1.002)

Objective: Using a Science Technology Engineering Arts and Mathematics (STEAM) curriculum, we developed and piloted the Headache and Arts Program to increase knowledge and awareness of migraine and concussion among high school visual arts students. We assessed students’ knowledge through: (1) the creation of artwork that depicted the experience of a migraine, (2) the conception and implementation of methods to transfer knowledge gained through the program, and (3) pre- and post-test results. Background: Migraine and concussion are highly disabling conditions with increasing incidence in adolescence; however, they are under-recognized and under-treated. Design/Methods: We developed a two-week Headache and Arts Program with lesson plans and art assignments for high school visual arts classes and an age-appropriate survey for assessment of students’ migraine and concussion knowledge. The survey was distributed to all students as a baseline prior to the start program. In a smaller sample, we distributed the survey pre-program, immediately post-program, and three months post-program to assess longitudinal effects. Descriptive analyses and p-values were calculated using SPSS V.24 and Microsoft Excel. Results: Forty-eight students participated in the research program. Students created artwork that integrated STEAM knowledge learned through the program and developed unique methods to teach others about migraine and concussion. At baseline, students’ total scores averaged 67.6% correct. Total scores for the longitudinal pre-test, immediate post-test, and delayed post-test averaged 69.4%, 72.8% (Score Improvement: p=0.05), and 80.0% (Score Improvement: p=0.05) correct, respectively. Conclusions: The use of a visual arts-based curriculum may be an effective medium for migraine and concussion education among high school students. Disclosure: Dr. Boubour has nothing to disclose. Dr. Minen has nothing to disclose.
Bacterial additives that consistently enhance rotifer growth under synxenic culture conditions 1. Evaluation of commercial products and pure isolates.

Axenic rotifers (Brachionus plicatilis Muller) were cultured under aseptic conditions; they were fed either a bacteria-free artificial diet (AD), or axenic Isochrysis galbana, or a combination of axenic Chlorella minutissima and the bacteria-free AD. The medium was inoculated with commercial bacterial additives or cultured strains of marine bacteria. The highest improvements in growth rate (GR) of rotifer populations were obtained with laboratory grown bacteria. Addition of an Alteromonas strain and an unidentified Gram negative strain (B3) consistently enhanced rotifer GR in all experiments, and under all feeding regimes in comparison with control cultures inoculated with microbial communities present in seawater, or maintained bacteria-free. None of the other isolates or commercial products were consistent in their enhancement of rotifer production.
Quantum Cryptanalysis: Shor, Grover, and Beyond

Some recently discovered quantum algorithms have resulted in complete breaks of cryptosystems previously expected to be secure against quantum attack. Although several strong candidates for postquantum cryptography remain standing, continued attention to quantum algorithms for cryptanalysis is warranted. Here we survey these recent developments, focusing on those most likely to be of relevance to cryptanalysis.
Cylindrical Driven Shocks in Ceria

Shock compression of granular ceria (CeO 2 ) was studied in converging cylindrical geometry using LANL proton radiography, and driven by the Precision High Energy-Density Liner Implosion Experiment (PHELIX) magnetic implosion system. PHELIX delivered nearly 4 MA to a 1.25-mm thick liner-impactor to magnetically accelerate it to ~0.8-1.0 mm μs−1. The impactor launched a shock in the cylindrical Al outer wall of the target assembly containing equiaxed, 0.63-μm-mean diameter ceria powder initially compacted to a static density of 3.95 or 4.03 g cm−3. The cylindrically converging shock in the target was observed with a series of 21 proton-radiographic frames down the axis of the cylinder. Proton radiography was performed using a ×3 magnetic lens magnifier and a 7.5-mrad collimator. The proton radiographic views were transformed from transmission images to areal density images, for comparison to a model. Results indicate that significant energy was expended in compacting the porous CeO 2 , as the wave velocity markedly decreases during convergence, and a clear shock reflected from the axis was not observed. These observations are inconsistent with pre-shot modeling, and highlight the need for an improved understanding of the physics of compaction under non-ideal loading configurations.
Glycolipids Of Tumor Cell Membrane

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the structural, organizational, and functional changes of membrane glycolipids in association with the malignant transformation of cells. Evidence has pointed toward the relation of certain surface properties, such as contact inhibitability, intercellular linkages, and antigenicity of cells, with the structure and function of membrane-bound glycolipid or glycoprotein and their related enzymes. Tumor cells, whether transformed by viruses or by chemicals, exhibit various biological abnormalities related to the function of cell surface membranes. The philosophy behind the recent development of cell surface biology is that plasma membrane is a regulatory organelle for cellular metabolism and replication, as well as for intercellular recognition, and that uncontrolled growth of cancer cells occurs under “epigenetic” regulatory dysfunction of cell surface membranes. The chapter explains the significance of membrane glycolipid changes in the regulation of cell growth and intercellular linkages, along with some comments and speculations.
Field Enhancement of Epsilon-Near-Zero Modes in Atomic-Layer-Deposited ZnO:Al Nanolayers

We derive an expression for electric-field intensity enhancement due to the epsilon-near-zero modes in ultra-thin conducting layers. We show that absorptance and field enhancement in aluminum-doped zinc oxide nanolayers grown by atomic layer deposition are controlled by nanolayer thickness and optical losses.
Influenza Hemagglutinin Structures and Antibody Recognition

Hemagglutinin (HA) is most abundant glycoprotein on the influenza virus surface. Influenza HA promotes viral entry by engaging the receptor and mediating virus-host membrane fusion. At the same time, HA is the major antigen of the influenza virus. HA antigenic shift can result in pandemics, whereas antigenic drift allows human circulating strains to escape herd immunity. Most antibody responses against HA are strain-specific. However, antibodies that have neutralizing activities against multiple strains or even subtypes have now been discovered and characterized. These broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) target conserved regions on HA, such as the receptor-binding site and the stem domain. Structural studies of such bnAbs have provided important insight into universal influenza vaccine and therapeutic design. This review discusses the HA functions as well as HA-antibody interactions from a structural perspective.
Impact of Representations in Assessments on Student Performance and Equity

Calls for assessments incorporating representations beyond the symbolic level (e.g., chemical reactions and formulas) have encouraged assessment designers to choose from a variety of representations in the design of chemistry assessments. This work expands on prior work in considering how representations are incorporated within assessments. First, students were given assessment items similar in task with common rationales for the design of answer choices with different representations substituted across the items. Second, students were randomly assigned to items identical in prompt, answer choices, and symbolic representation with experimental items supplementing symbolic representation with particulate or mathematical representation. The impact was operationalized as student performance, the performance of at-risk chemistry students scoring in the bottom quartile of the cohort’s standardized math test scores, and on the answer choices to which students attend. Substituting symbolic for particulate representation had a significant, negative impact on overall and at-risk student performance and a considerable impact on students’ selection of distractors. However, supplementing symbolic with a particulate representation had no discernible impact. Supplementing symbolic representations with tables including a column for “moles” had a significant, positive impact on overall student performance with considerable improvement observed among at-risk students. Students’ selection of a distractor representative of a failure to apply a mole-to-mole ratio was reduced when symbolic representations were supplemented with tables. Practical implications for the use of representations in a more equitable assessment design, and as a learning experience for students overall, are described.
Does the general public have concerns with dental anesthetics

Background Consumers and patients in the last two decades have increasingly turned to various internet search engines including Google for information. Google Trends records searches done using the Google search engine. Google Trends is free and provides data on search terms and related queries. One recent study found a large public interest in "dental anesthesia". In this paper, we further explore this interest in "dental anesthesia" and assess if any patterns emerge. Methods In this study, Google Trends and the search term "dental pain" was used to record the consumer's interest over a five-year period. Additionally, using the search term "Dental anesthesia," a top ten related query list was generated. Queries are grouped into two sections, a "top" category and a "rising" category. We then added additional search term such as: wisdom tooth anesthesia, wisdom tooth general anesthesia, dental anesthetics, local anesthetic, dental numbing, anesthesia dentist, and dental pain. From the related queries generated from each search term, repeated themes were grouped together and ranked according to the total sum of their relative search frequency (RSF) values. Results Over the five-year time period, Google Trends data show that there was a 1.5% increase in the search term "dental pain". Results of the related queries for dental anesthesia show that there seems to be a large public interest in how long local anesthetics last (Total RSF = 231) - even more so than potential side effects or toxicities (Total RSF = 83). Conclusion Based on these results it is recommended that clinicians clearly advice their patients on how long local anesthetics last to better manage patient expectations.
“The State was Patiently Waiting for Me to Die”: Life without the Possibility of Parole as Punishment:

Despite its growing use over past decades, there has been relatively little public or scholarly discussion of life sentences that deny the possibility of parole. This essay outlines the labyrinthin...
Practicality of Analytical Solutions for Heat Transfer in Circular Systems in the Infinite Region to Describe Temperatures Due to Disposal of Heat-Decaying Nuclear Waste

Analytical solutions for temperatures in an infinite region bounded internally by a cylinder have proved to be useful for thermal analysis of heat-producing nuclear waste disposal scenarios where t...
Does Use of Backyard Resources Explain the Abundance of Urban Wildlife

While urbanization is clearly contributing to biodiversity loss, certain wildlife assemblages can paradoxically be diverse and abundant in moderately developed areas. One hypothesis to explain this phenomenon is that abundant anthropogenic resources for wildlife (i.e. food and shelter) outweigh the costs associated with urbanization. To test this hypothesis, we used camera traps to measure mammal species richness, diversity, and relative abundance (i.e., detection rate) in 58 residential yards in Raleigh, North Carolina, focusing on six types of features that might be used as resources: animal feeding, vegetable gardens, compost piles, chicken coops, brushpiles, and water sources. We also placed cameras at random control sites within each yard and sampled forests in nearby suburban and rural areas for comparison. We fit mixed-effects Poisson models to determine whether yard features, yard-scale characteristics, or landscape-scale landcover predicted mammal relative abundance for eight species. We also tested if the relative abundance of native canid predators in yards was related to the number of prey (rodents and lagomorphs). Species richness, diversity, and relative abundance of most mammal species was higher in yards and suburban forests than in rural forests. Within a yard, purposeful feeding had the strongest effect on animal relative abundance, with eastern gray squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis) being the most common (32.3 squirrels/day at feeders; 0.55 at control sites; 0.29 in suburban forests; and 0.10 in rural forests). We observed species using (e.g., eating) most yard features, although canids were less likely than other taxa to use resources in yards. The presence of a yard feature did not strongly affect the abundance of species at the control site in the yard, suggesting the influence of these features was highly localized. The relative abundance of predators had a positive association with prey relative abundance, and predators were less common in yards with fences. These results demonstrate that there is high use of anthropogenic resources, especially supplemental feeding by urban wildlife, and this increase in prey species may then attract predators, which supports the hypothesis that use of supplemental food resources explains the abundance of urban wildlife.
Characteristics and reoperation rates of paediatric tarsal coalitions: a population-based study.

Purpose Tarsal coalitions are congenital fusions of two or more tarsal bones and can lead to foot pain and stiffness. Few studies examine the long-term reoperation rates following paediatric tarsal...
The Influences of Social Status and Organizational Justice on Employee Voice: A Case of Customer Care Workers:

Employee voice plays a critical role in facilitating positive organizational change and development. This study seeks to identify the antecedents of challenging promotive voice, which indicates con...
Evaluation of residual gas fraction estimation methods for cycle-to-cycle combustion variability analysis and modeling:

Cycle-to-cycle combustion variability in spark-ignition engines during normal operation is mainly caused by random perturbations of the in-cylinder conditions such as the flow velocity field, homog...
Enhanced secondary bus microarchitecture

In spite of advances to improving cache efficiency, memory access bottlenecks still prevent processors from executing at full speed. This research evaluates a fundamentally new concept of using a secondary bus, connecting the level-2 cache to memory, for committing cache write-backs. Simulations, using the Sim-Alpha version of the SimpleScalar tool set, demonstrate the feasibility and advantages of such a secondary bus. Based on simulation results, the added secondary bus can decrease queuing delays on the system bus by 6% to 99%, with an average of 87%, when sufficient write-backs are present. Such reduction in queuing delays leads to a decrease in worst-case execution times, and offers superior temporal determinacy in real-time environments. Real-time and near real-time embedded applications that depend on intense graphics processing and movement of large blocks of data, such as printer controllers and medical imaging, are prime candidates for applications of the secondary bus. Simulations using small cache sizes serve as a basis that verifies that the microarchitecture is viable and that it produces interesting and significant results. Then, updates to large cache sizes comparable to those in current commercial processors and benchmarks taken from the industry-standard SPEC CPU2006 benchmark suite expand and validate the results. Decreases of 31% to 94%, with an average of 82%, in the maximum execution time of any instruction, and of 77% to 100%, with an average of 97%, in the number of instructions requiring more than 1000 cycles to execute point to a decrease in worst-case execution times in real-time systems. The improvements in instructions per cycle point to possible applications in low-power systems, where the clock frequency may be reduced while maintaining constant processing power. In addition to the real-time and low-power system benefits, overall system performance using the secondary bus microarchitecture is improved by up to 33% when I/O is present.
Building Babies’ Brains: A Quality Improvement (QI) Collaborative to Inform Interventions that Increase Infant Holding in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) and Improve Neurodevelopmental Outcomes

Introduction: Holding infants in the NICU improves neurodevelopmental outcomes and increases maternal-infant bonding. However, the most effective interventions to increase the frequency of holding for neonates with pulmonary hypoplasia (PH) are unclear. The purpose of this project is to investigate barriers to holding in the NICU and obtain provider perspectives to inform interventions that will increase infant holding and ultimately improve neurodevelopmental outcomes. Methods: This single-institution QI project utilized surveys to investigate barriers to holding infants with pulmonary hypoplasia in the NICU. A patient-specific survey was administered in a two-week period to determine baseline rates of holding. Information on respiratory support was obtained from medical records. Bedside nurses provided information about whether or not a patient …
Design thinking in applied informatics: what can we learn from Project HealthDesign?

OBJECTIVE: The goals of this study are to describe the value and impact of Project HealthDesign (PHD), a program of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation that applied design thinking to personal health records, and to explore the applicability of the PHD model to another challenging translational informatics problem: the integration of AI into the healthcare system. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We assessed PHD's impact and value in 2 ways. First, we analyzed publication impact by calculating a PHD h-index and characterizing the professional domains of citing journals. Next, we surveyed and interviewed PHD grantees, expert consultants, and codirectors to assess the program's components and the potential future application of design thinking to artificial intelligence (AI) integration into healthcare. RESULTS: There was a total of 1171 unique citations to PHD-funded work (collective h-index of 25). Studies citing PHD span medical, legal, and computational journals. Participants stated that this project transformed their thinking, altered their career trajectory, and resulted in technology transfer into the commercial sector. Participants felt, in general, that the approach would be valuable in solving contemporary challenges integrating AI in healthcare including complex social questions, integrating knowledge from multiple domains, implementation, and governance. CONCLUSION: Design thinking is a systematic approach to problem-solving characterized by cooperation and collaboration. PHD generated significant impacts as measured by citations, reach, and overall effect on participants. PHD's design thinking methods are potentially useful to other work on cyber-physical systems, such as the use of AI in healthcare, to propose structural or policy-related changes that may affect adoption, value, and improvement of the care delivery system.
PL6. Treatment continuum of nonconvulsive status epilepticus

Acute seizures and status epilepticus (SE) are commonly encountered in critically ill patients. With continuous EEG (cEEG) monitoring it is possible to differentiate whether patients are in on-going, continuous SE or having intermittent electrographic seizures. This data should be used to determine the urgency and aggressiveness of treatment for each patient. In this presentation the rationale for “appropriately aggressive” treatment will be discussed in the context of the risk-benefit calculus. Initially the evolving definition of SE will be discussed. This will be followed by a discussion about measuring the severity of electrographic SE, and how this is valuable in determining appropriate therapeutic targets. Finally, the concept of “appropriately aggressive” therapy for SE will be discussed.
Psychosocial functioning and adjustment to university settings: comparing students with chronic illnesses to healthy peers.

College students with chronic illnesses are vulnerable to poor adjustment, but it remains unclear how these students differ from healthy peers. This study compares psychosocial adjustment and risky...
Evaluation of Outcome Prediction of Flow Diversion for Intracranial Aneurysms.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Identifying and predicting which aneurysms are likely to quickly occlude and which ones are likely to remain open following treatment with flow-diverting devices is important to develop optimal patient management strategies. The purpose of this study was to evaluate predictions based on computational fluid dynamics models using the elastase rabbit aneurysm model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A series of 13 aneurysms created in rabbits were treated with flow diverters, and outcomes were angiographically assessed at 8 weeks’ follow-up. Computational fluid dynamics models were constructed from pretreatment 3D rotational angiograms and Doppler ultrasound flow velocity measurements. Postimplantation mean aneurysm inflow rate and flow velocity were used to prospectively predict aneurysm occlusion blinded to the actual outcomes. Specifically, if both variables were below their corresponding thresholds, fast occlusion was predicted, while if one of them was above the threshold, slow or incomplete occlusion was predicted. RESULTS: Of the 13 aneurysms included, 8 were incompletely occluded 8 weeks after treatment, and 5 were completely occluded. A total of 10 computational fluid dynamics–based predictions agreed with the angiographic outcome, reaching 77% accuracy, 80% sensitivity, and 75% specificity. Posttreatment mean velocity alone was able to achieve the same predictive power as the combination of inflow rate and velocity. CONCLUSIONS: Subject-specific computational fluid dynamics models of the hemodynamic conditions created immediately after implantation of flow-diverting devices in experimental aneurysms created in rabbits are capable of prospectively predicting, with a reasonable accuracy, which aneurysms will completely occlude and which ones will remain incompletely occluded.
Recovery of 3D Solar Magnetic Field Model Parameter Using Image Structure Matching

An approach to recover a 3D solar magnetic field model parameter using intensity images of the Sun's corona is introduced. The approach is a quantitative approach in which the 3D model parameter is determined via an image structure matching scheme. The image structure matching measures the positional divergence (i.e., pixel-by-pixel shortest Euclidean distance) between the real coronal loop structures in a 2D image to sets of modeled magnetic field structures to determine the best model parameter for a given region on the Sun. The approach's effectiveness is evaluated through experiments on synthetic images and a real image.
Aerodynamic Noise Generation in Centrifugal Turbomachinery

The objective of this research was to identify which aspects of the fluid dynamics are associated with noise generation in centrifugal turbomachinery. Research emphasis was placed on the generation of noise at frequencies other than the blade passage tones. In order to avoid noise generated by the interaction of the discharged flow and stationary objects outside of the impeller, experiments are performed on a centrifugal impeller without diffuser and casing. With this discharge configuration, the radiated noise spectra are shown to be dominated by harmonically related broad humps at low frequency. These were proven to be generated by the interaction of a coherent unsteady flow structure rotating around the impeller discharge and the trailing edges of the impeller blades.
Regeneration of Olfactory Receptor Cells

The vertebrate olfactory system has become an important model for the study of neural regeneration. The most remarkable feature of this system is its unique capacity for neurogenesis and replacement of degenerating receptor neurons. This replacement is made possible by a persistent neurogenesis among basal cells. Basal cells differentiate, develop into sensory neurons and grow axon processes. Receptor cell axons project back to the olfactory bulb where they reestablish connections with the central nervous system. When mature receptors reach a critical age, are damaged by nerve injury, or are exposed to environmental agents that enter the nasal cavity, they degenerate and are subsequently replaced by newly regenerated receptor cells. Recent experiments demonstrate that olfactory neurogenesis is not simply an extension of growth and development but is a unique capacity for cell replacement that persists beyond maturity and well into old age. Even more remarkable is the finding that replacement receptor cells re-establish connections with the CNS and restore sensory function. It is expected that further studies of olfactory neurogenesis using cell and tissue culture methods will provide important advances for the field of neural regeneration.
Interbranch cooperation and the shadow of the future

Prisoners’ Dilemma (PD) experiments confirm and extend Axelrod’s (The evolution of cooperation. Basic Books, New York, 1984) Shadow of the Future hypothesis: subjects cooperate in infinitely repeated PD, but they also cooperate until near the end in finitely repeated PD. So the extended hypothesis is that cooperation depends on the probability of continued play. Observational tests of this hypothesis, or even applications, have been rare at best. Here we not only apply but test it for interbranch cooperation under separated-powers constitutions, specifically those of the American states, using the end of governors’ final terms as end points and the rate of overridden vetoes as the extreme case of a breakdown in interbranch cooperation. Controlling for a variety of factors, including divided government, we find support for the hypothesis, whose explanation of interbranch interaction fills a gap left open by Madison’s Federalist 51: how republican government can control itself when what is needed is “energy” more than safeguards.
Relationship between microstructure, dynamics, and rheology in polymer-bridging colloidal gels.

We investigate the link between the microstructure, dynamics, and rheological properties in dense (ϕ = 0.3) mixtures of charge-stabilized colloidal silica and oppositely charged poly(ethylene imine) polymer in a mixed DMSO/H2O solvent. Over a finite range of polymer concentrations, the addition of polymer results in the formation of sample-spanning, self-supporting gel networks. As the polymer concentration is increased, a reentrant rheological transition is observed where the gel’s elastic modulus and yield stress initially increase and subsequently drop. The dynamic and microstructural changes associated with this transition are resolved using quantitative confocal microscopy. Within the initial regime, a biphasic system consisting of a mixture of arrested and diffusive particles is observed. We segregate the particles with high accuracy into mobile and arrested populations based on their dynamics. The addition of polymer in this regime systematically decreases the proportion of free particles, until al...
Structure, Function, and Dynamics of Keratin Intermediate Filaments

The recent widespread application of modern methods of structural biology, molecular biology, and molecular genetics has provided a wealth of new information on the structure and function of the KIF of the epidermis. One of the more surprising aspects of this work has been the realization of the dynamic behavior of the KIF in living cells. Perhaps one of the more exciting aspects has been the discovery and understanding of how simple, single-nucleotide-point mutations in the keratin proteins can cause defects in the KIF that in turn cause serious pathology in the epidermis. The serendipitous and coincident nature of these studies shows us how an integrated, multifaceted approach will be necessary to solve further fundamental questions and to devise useful therapeutic approaches for the management of diseases of cornification. I fully expect that these issues will advance rapidly in the near future.
The personal vote and economic reform

Do electoral rules affect the progress of economic reforms? The students of economic reform have examined the effects of inter-party competition, partly shaped by electoral rules, on economic reform, but have neglected the more direct effects of electoral rules, namely the extent to which they encourage the personal vote. More broadly, studies of the effect of electoral rules on economic policy have relied on the simplistic SMD/PR distinction and have neglected features of electoral institutions that affect the level of intra-party competition. Building on the personal vote literature, we argue that electoral institutions that encourage the personal vote are not conducive to reform progress. We provide the first systematic multivariate cross-country test of the implications of the personal vote literature for economic reform in the context of the post-communist countries from 1990 to 2006. We find that, in line with our theory, countries where electoral rules encourage the personal vote are less likely to reform.
Concurrent Cognitive Processes in Rat Serial Pattern Learning: Item Memory, Serial Position, and Pattern Structure.

Abstract Three experiments examined the processes mediating rat serial pattern learning for rule-consistent versus rule-violating pattern elements (“violation elements”). In all three experiments, rats were trained to press retractable levers in a circular array in a specific sequence for brain-stimulation reward (BSR). Experiment 1 examined the role of lever location (L) and element serial position (SP) cues in rats’ ability to learn to anticipate a violation element positioned at the end of a 24-element serial pattern. Rats with L cues either alone or in combination with SP cues learned to anticipate the violation element, whereas those with SP cues alone did not. Rats in groups L and L + SP underwent a series of transfers designed to remove various cues that might have controlled their performance on the violation element. Results indicated that intra-chamber lever location cues mediated performance on the violation element whereas performance on rule-consistent elements within pattern chunks was mediated by an internal mnemonic representation that was insensitive to changes in lever location cues. Experiment 2 examined whether rats could learn to use SP cues alone to anticipate a violation element if it was positioned earlier in a serial pattern. Rats learned to anticipate the violation element based on SP cues alone when it was located in SP6 in a 24-element pattern, but not when it was in SP12. Experiment 3 examined whether or not rats spontaneously encode information about chunk length and the serial position of phrasing cues in serial patterns. Rats were trained to a high criterion on the serial pattern used in Experiment 1, then were challenged with three probe patterns that manipulated both chunk length and overall pattern length. Results indicated that rats spontaneously encoded information regarding the serial position of phrasing cues in relation to chunk length. Thus, rats appear to use at least three cognitive processes concurrently in serial pattern learning tasks, namely, item memory involving external discriminative cues, counting- or timing-like processes for encoding serial position, and rule abstraction for encoding an internal representation of pattern structure.
An autonomically-healed PMMA bone cement: influence of the crystal size of Grubbs' catalyst on fracture toughness and polymerisation rate

In this study, it was shown that the concept of autonomic healing of a neat polymeric material, which was introduced by White et al. (2001) could be applied to poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) bone cement. The bone cement brand used – Surgical Simplex&#174P – is one that is widely used in cemented arthroplasties; the healing agent used was 2.0 wt.% dicyclopentadiene (DCPD), encapsulated in poly (urea-formaldehyde) microspheres (diameter = 226 ± 51 μm) and the catalyst used was 0.25 wt.% first-generation Grubbs' catalyst. The microspheres and the catalyst were blended with the cement's powder in a mortar bowl using a polymeric spatula and the blended powder mixture and the cement's liquid monomer were mixed under a partial vacuum. Autonomic healing of the cement was demonstrated through a comparison of the values of the plane-strain fracture toughness (KIC) of the control cement (no healing agent or catalyst included in the powder) and the cement in which the powder contained DCPD and Grubbs' catalyst. For the autonomically-healed cement, (KIC) was not significantly influenced by the size of the individual crystals of the Grubbs' catalyst (mean diameter, DG), but the estimated polymerisation rate of the curing cement at 37°C, increased significantly with decrease in DG.