cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Licensure Type on the Policies, Practices, and Resident Composition of Florida Assisted Living Facilities

Purpose: Most assisted living facility (ALF) residents are White widows in their mid- to late 80s who need assistance with activities of daily living (ADLs) because of frailty or cognitive decline. Yet, ALFs also serve younger individuals with physical disabilities, traumatic brain injury, or serious mental illness. We compare Florida ALFs with different licensure profiles by admission–discharge policies and resident population characteristics. Design and Methods: We use state administrative data and facility survey data from the Florida Study of Assisted Living (FSAL) to classify ALFs by licensure type and to determine how licensure influences ALF policies, practices, and resident population profiles. Results: Standard-licensed traditional ALFs primarily serve elderly White women with physical care needs and typically retain residents when their physical health deteriorates. Some ALFs that hold specialty licenses (extended congregate care and limited nursing services) offer extra physical care services and serve an older, more physically frail population with greater physical and cognitive challenges. ALFs with limited mental health (LMH) licenses serve clientele who are more racially and ethnically diverse, younger, and more likely to be men and single. LMH facilities also have a significant proportion of frail elder residents who live alongside these younger residents, including some who exhibit behavioral problems. LMH facilities also employ discharge policies that make it more difficult for frail elderly residents to age in place. Implications: These differences by facility type raise important quality of life issues for both the frail elderly individuals and assisted living residents who do not fit the conventional demographic profile.
High-speed, waveguide photodiodes

In this paper we review approaches to photodiodes that will achieve bandwidths in excess of 100 GHz while maintaining good quantum efficiency and high photocurrent capabilities.
Tipping in Restaurants and Around the Globe: An Interdisciplinary Review

Tipping is an interesting economic behavior because it is an expense that consumers are free to avoid. Although called for by social norms, tips are not legally required. Furthermore, since tips are not given until after services have been rendered, they are not necessary to get good service in establishments that are infrequently patronized. For this reason, many economists regard tipping as mysterious or seemingly irrational behavior. The present chapter explores this behavior and its implications for economic theory and public policy. The chapter is divided into four sections. The first two sections provide more detail about the phenomenon of tipping by summarizing and discussing the results of empirical research on the determinants and predictors of restaurant tipping and of national differences in tipping customs respectively. Then, economic theories about tipping are reviewed in light of the previously summarized empirical literature. Finally, the public welfare and policy issues raised by tipping are discussed.
Conserving Matter and Motion

Newton’s success in mechanics altered profoundly the way in which scientists viewed the Universe. The motions of the Sun and planets could now be considered as purely mechanical, that is, governed by the laws of mechanics, much like a machine. As for any machine, whether a clock or the solar system, the motions of the parts were completely determined once the system had been put together.
The Green function for potential flow in a rectangular channel

The evaluation of the Green function is considered for the three-dimensional Laplace equation, in the interior of a rectangular channel subject to homogeneous Neumann conditions on the boundaries. To complement the Fourier eigenfunction expansion which is effective in the far-field, a near-field algorithm is developed based on the simpler Green function for a channel of infinite width, using images to account for the channel sides. Examples are given of numerical applications including the added mass of a sphere in a square channel, and the interaction force between a ship and an adjacent canal wall.
The psychological relevance of transformational grammar: A reply to Stabler

In a recent reply to our article in Cognition (1984), E. Stabler criticized us on two main points: our construal of transformational grammar (TG) as a “first level” theory; and our claim that a first level construal of TG is crucial, for its psychological relevance. We’d like to dispute both of these points, and in so doing re-emphasize the psychological relevance of modern transformational grammar. First, some basic housekeeping: we must clear up the record by explaining our original position, which, contra Stabler’s interpretation, does not commit us to viewing a grammar as a first level approximation of a parser. Second, we outline Stabler’s reasons for thinking that grammars should be first level theories of this kind. We continue by examining Stabler’s claim that linguists judge their theories by the inherently nonpsychological criterion of relative simplicity. We argue that the psychological notion of learnability is actually the touchstone of comparison. In fact, given this criterion we shall see that one can understand just why linguistic grammars should form the abstract foundation of psychological parsing models.
Performance of a Prototype Tracking Detector With Waveform Sampling Electronics

A straw tracking detector was proposed for the MECO experiment in order to measure the parameters of the helical trajectory of electrons emitted from stopped muon decays. The events of interest are expected to be embedded in an intense background of both energetic electrons and low-energy protons. A prototype of the proposed detector with its DAQ system was built, tested, and compared to a simulation. The results are reported in this paper. They provide the information required to improve the computer simulation of the MECO experiment, and in general, the design of any high-rate DAQ system that is required to efficiently select minimum ionizing tracks from an environment of highly ionizing particles
CCR5 Disruption in Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Using CRISPR/Cas9 Provides Selective Resistance of Immune Cells to CCR5-tropic HIV-1 Virus

The chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 5 (CCR5) serves as an HIV-1 co-receptor and is essential for cell infection with CCR5-tropic viruses. Loss of functional receptor protects against HIV infection. Here, we report the successful targeting of CCR5 in GFP-marked human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) using CRISPR/Cas9 with single and dual guide RNAs (gRNAs). Following CRISPER/Cas9-mediated gene editing using a single gRNA, 12.5% of cell colonies demonstrated CCR5 editing, of which 22.2% showed biallelic editing as determined by a Surveyor nuclease assay and direct sequencing. The use of dual gRNAs significantly increased the efficacy of CCR5 editing to 27% with a biallelic gene alteration frequency of 41%. To ensure the homogeneity of gene editing within cells, we used single cell sorting to establish clonal iPSC lines. Single cell-derived iPSC lines with homozygous CCR5 mutations displayed the typical characteristics of pluripotent stem cells and differentiated efficiently into hematopoietic cells, including macrophages. Although macrophages from both wild-type and CCR5-edited iPSCs supported CXCR4-tropic virus replication, macrophages from CCR5-edited iPSCs were uniquely resistant to CCR5-tropic virus challenge. This study demonstrates the feasibility of applying iPSC technology for the study of the role of CCR5 in HIV infection in vitro, and generation of HIV-resistant cells for potential therapeutic applications.
Experimental Study of Silane Plasma Nanoparticle Formation in Amorphous Silicon Thin Films

RF glow discharge deposited hydrogenated amorphous silicon films containing silicon nanocrystalline inclusions (a/nc-Si:H) films are investigated as a function of a thermal gradient applied across the silane plasma during film growth. The a/nc-Si:H films are synthesized from hydrogen-diluted silane plasmas when a capacitively-coupled plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition reactor is operated at high gas chamber pressures. Plasma diagnostics and transmission electron microscopy image analysis of films deposited with and without a thermal gradient suggest that nanoparticle formation occurs within the plasma, rather than resulting from solid-state nucleation at the growing film surface.
Diagnostics for pulmonary tuberculosis

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a leading cause of human suffering and mortality despite decades of effective treatment being available. Accurate and timely diagnosis remains an unmet goal. The HIV epidemic has also led to new challenges in the diagnosis of TB. Several new developments in TB diagnostics have the potential to positively influence the global campaign against TB. We aim to review the performance of both established as well as new diagnostics for pulmonary TB in adults, and discuss the ongoing challenges.
Relative effectiveness of extracellular and intracellular sodium in supporting leucine uptake by isolated intestinal epithelial cells.

SummaryThe effects of changes in the extracellular as well as the intracellular Na concentrations on the movement of leucine into or out of isolated intestinal epithelial cells was determined. The influx of leucine was optimal at an initial extracellular Na+ concentration of 118 mM despite variations in the intracellular Na+ concentration over the range 8-122 mM. The influx of leucine was decreased 40% when the initial extracellular Na+ concentration was zero and the magnitude of the reduced influx was not affected by initial intracellular Na+ concentrations over the range 57-122 mM. Leucine movement into or out of leucine-loaded cells followed the direction of the Na+-gradient across the cell membrane. These results indicate that extracellular rather than intracellular Na+ is the determining factor in the Na+ dependence of leucine transport, a finding consistent with the Na+-gradient hypothesis for amino acid transport.The authors thank Loutitia Ferdinandus and William Heaton for their valuable technical...
Support to Multiple Missions in the Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) Common Ground System (CGS)

The NOAA-NASA jointly-acquired Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) will replace the afternoon orbit component and ground processing system of the current NOAA Polarorbiting Operational Environmental Satellites (POES). The ground system, known as the ‘Common Ground System (CGS)’, and developed by Raytheon Intelligence, Information and Services (IIS), provides command, control, and communications (C3) and data processing and product delivery. The CGS currently flies the Suomi NPP satellite and routes mission data to U.S. ground facilities, where it processes those data into mission products and provides them to NOAA weather centrals. The JPSS CGS currently provides data processing for Suomi NPP, generating multiple terabytes per day across over two dozen environmental data products -that workload will be multiplied by two when the JPSS-1 satellite is launched. This presentation will show how the CGS goes well beyond mission management and data processing for the Suomi NPP and JPSS missions to also provide data routing support to operational centers and missions across the globe.
Peer Career Implications of an Academic Credential: Report from the Field

Thousands of peer workers are trained, certified, and employed throughout the United States. Although the importance of education in behavioral health career development is well documented, almost no current literature is available on academic peer career development. This article reports on peer and nonpeer educational and employment outcomes following completion of a credit-bearing community college mental health certificate program. Implications and recommendations for peer workforce development are identified. Peer and nonpeer certificate program graduates' employment and educational outcomes were obtained in 1997, 2001, and 2004–06 through surveys and interviews. Peer and nonpeer graduates obtained part-time and full-time employment in a variety of behavioral health and human services positions at a range of salaries. A considerable proportion of all graduates subsequently obtained higher degrees. Peer graduates also reported positive impact on self-esteem. Credit-bearing educational opportunities ca...
Effect of cortisone on production of granulation tissue in the rabbit.

Summary11 dehydro 17 hydroxycortico-sterone (Compound E of Kendall, cortisone) administered to rabbits in large doses caused a delay in the development of all elements of connective tissue. It is suggested that the action of cortisone and ACTH on the “mesenchymal diseases” is due, at least in part, to “inhibition of reactivity” of the connective tissue. It is furthermore suggested that the inhibition of the growth of granulation tissue in the rabbit may prove of value in assay of compounds active in the treatment of “mesenchymal diseases.”
Prenatal Stress, Fearfulness, and the Epigenome: Exploratory Analysis of Sex Differences in DNA Methylation of the Glucocorticoid Receptor Gene

Exposure to stress in utero is a risk factor for the development of problem behavior in the offspring, though precise pathways are unknown. We examined whether DNA methylation of the glucocorticoid receptor gene, NR3C1, was associated with experiences of stress by an expectant mother and fearfulness in her infant. Mothers reported on prenatal stress and infant temperament when infants were 5 months old (n = 68). Buccal cells for methylation analysis were collected from each infant. Prenatal stress was not related to infant fearfulness or NR3C1 methylation in the sample as a whole. Exploratory sex-specific analysis revealed a trend-level association between prenatal stress and increased methylation of NR3C1 exon 1F for female, but not male, infants. In addition, increased methylation was significantly associated with greater fearfulness for females. Results suggest an experience-dependent pathway to fearfulness for female infants via epigenetic modification of the glucocorticoid receptor gene. Future studies should examine prenatal stress in a comprehensive fashion while considering sex differences in epigenetic processes underlying infant temperament.
Increased intracellular Na+ augments mobilization of Ca2+ from SR in vascular smooth muscle cells

The effect of a rise in intracellular Na+ concentration ([Na+]cyt) on the amount of Ca2+ in intracellular stores was studied in vascular smooth muscle cells from the A7r5 line. The relative amount ...
Air Logic Control for Automated Systems

INTRODUCTION TO AIR LOGIC CONTROL History Industrial Applications Control Characteristics Moving Part Logic (MPL) Fluidics Future Developments PROPERTIES OF COMPRESSIBLE FLUIDS Static Properties Gas Laws Dynamic Properties FUNDAMENTALS OF PNEUMATICS Compressors Receivers Pressure Switch Pneumatic Systems Noise Fluid Conditioning Fluid Transmission Fittings Manifolds Pressure Rating Sizing Materials Selection Pneumatic Actuators Intensifiers Controlling Pneumatic Power FUNDAMENTALS OF LOGIC SYSTEMS Symbolism Boolean Postulates Basic Operations Combining Devices Defined Functions Algebraic Expressions (Boolean Algebra) Mathematical Symbolism Properties Uncomplementations MPL CONCEPTS AND COMPONENTS Concepts Spool Valve Construction Diaphragm Valve Construction Poppet Valve Construction Floating Spool Construction MPL Classes Typical MPL Valve Operations NON-MPL CONCEPTS AND COMPONENTS Fluidic Concepts Jet Deflection Jet Destruction Fluidic Sensors Device Packages LOGIC ELEMENTS YES NOT AND OR NAND NOR Exclusive OR Coincidence Inhibitor Timers Time Delay Flip-Flops SIGNAL TRANSMISSION AND COMMUNICATIONS Design Concerns Parameters Pressure Attenuation Time Delay Phase Delay Pulse Energy ELECTRICAL/ELECTRONIC DEVICES Switches Solenoids Relays Indicator Lamps Counters Timers PLCs Computers Motors Servo Systems Transducers Benefits of Air, Electrical, Hydraulic SYMBOLOGY, SCHEMATICS, AND FLOW DIAGRAMS Standards Symbols Convention Schematics Attached Method Detached Method Logic Diagram Flow Charts Connection Diagrams Mathematical Models Truth Tables Relay Logic Ladder Diagrams Karnaugh Maps Software ALC SYSTEM DESIGN The Design Process Process Automation System Parameters Control Types Technology Selection ALC Technology Selection APPLICATIONS--PRESS CONTROL SYSTEM Press Control Process Description Process Variables System Logic Fluidic Control System Design MPL Control System Design PLC Ladder Logic APPLICATIONS--PARTS SORTING SYSTEM Part Sorting Process Description Process Variables System Logic MPL Control System Design Fluidic Control System Design PLC Ladder Logic APPLICATIONS--BOTTLE FILLING SYSTEM Bottle Filling Process Description Process Variables System Logic ALC System Design PLC Ladder Logic SAFETY Major Sources of Hazards in an Industrial Environment Hazards Involving Compressed Air Systems General Safety Practices OSHA State Agencies REFERENCES INDEX Plus each chapter contains a summary, review questions, and problems
A framework for Bayesian nonparametric inference for causal effects of mediation

We propose a Bayesian non-parametric (BNP) framework for estimating causal effects of mediation, the natural direct, and indirect, effects. The strategy is to do this in two parts. Part 1 is a flexible model (using BNP) for the observed data distribution. Part 2 is a set of uncheckable assumptions with sensitivity parameters that in conjunction with Part 1 allows identification and estimation of the causal parameters and allows for uncertainty about these assumptions via priors on the sensitivity parameters. For Part 1, we specify a Dirichlet process mixture of multivariate normals as a prior on the joint distribution of the outcome, mediator, and covariates. This approach allows us to obtain a (simple) closed form of each marginal distribution. For Part 2, we consider two sets of assumptions: (a) the standard sequential ignorability (Imai et al., 2010) and (b) weakened set of the conditional independence type assumptions introduced in Daniels et al. (2012) and propose sensitivity analyses for both. We use this approach to assess mediation in a physical activity promotion trial.
MGUS to myeloma: a mysterious gammopathy of underexplored significance

All cases of multiple myeloma (MM) are preceded by precursor states termed monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) or smoldering myeloma (SMM). Genetic analyses of MGUS cells have provided evidence that it is a genetically advanced lesion, wherein tumor cells carry many of the genetic changes found in MM cells. Intraclonal heterogeneity is also established early during the MGUS phase. Although the genetic features of MGUS or SMM cells at baseline may predict disease risk, transition to MM involves altered growth of preexisting clones. Recent advances in mouse modeling of MGUS suggest that the clinical dormancy of the clone may be regulated in part by growth controls extrinsic to the tumor cells. Interactions of MGUS cells with immune cells, bone cells, and others in the bone marrow niche may be key regulators of malignant transformation. These interactions involve a bidirectional crosstalk leading to both growth-supporting and inhibitory signals. Because MGUS is already a genetically complex lesion, application of new tools for earlier detection should allow delineation of earlier stages, which we term as pre-MGUS. Analyses of populations at increased risk of MGUS also suggest the possible existence of a polyclonal phase preceding the development of MGUS. Monoclonal gammopathy in several patients may have potential clinical significance in spite of low risk of malignancy. Understanding the entire spectrum of these disorders may have broader implications beyond prevention of clinical malignancy.
Do single or sequential measurements of leptin and adiponectin in plasma have prognostic value in pulmonary arterial hypertension

Leptin (a neuroendocrine peptide that enhances metabolism and acts on the hypothalamus to suppress appetite) and adiponectin (a protein that has insulin-sensitizing, anti-inflammatory, and antiproliferative properties) are involved in the pathobiology of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). We hypothesized that plasma leptin and adiponectin as well as the leptin/adiponectin ratio are abnormal in PAH patients and their levels track with disease severity and functional changes during follow-up. We tested this hypothesis in a cohort of patients included in the 16-week, international, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled FREEDOM-C2 study. Blood was collected at baseline and week 16 in 178 out of 310 randomized patients with PAH. Baseline plasma leptin and adiponectin concentrations were 25 ± 31 ng/mL and 7.8 ± 6.1 ug/mL, respectively. Leptin, adiponectin, and leptin/adiponectin (mean ± SD) changes at 16 week were of small magnitude. Leptin at baseline was significantly associated with older age, higher BMI, higher Borg dyspnea index, and lower NT-pro BNP. Women had higher levels of leptin than men (30.5 ± 33.2 versus 7.2 ± 6.4 ng/mL), even when adjusting for background therapy and etiology (linear regression: β = 21.8, P < 0.001). Adiponectin was negatively associated with BMI and positively associated with NT-pro BNP. Changes in leptin, adiponectin, and leptin/adiponectin ratio adjusted for weight at 16 weeks did not predict functional class, distance walk in 6 min or survival at one, two, three, or four years. Plasma leptin and adiponectin at baseline and their change at 16-week do not appear to significantly impact prognosis in PAH.
Electron-Hole Liquid: Role of Correlations

The principal objective of this Advanced Study Institute is to discuss the role of electron correlations in solids, molecules and atoms. Keeping this aim in mind, I have chosen for my lectures the topic of correlations in electron-hole liquid (EHL) —a liquid which can be produced in the laboratory in a semiconductor like Ge and which consists of degenerate electrons and holes. The other reasons for my choice are: (a) The EHL is the simplest of all Fermi liquids whose constituents are elementary particles interacting via the coulomb law of force; (b) It constitutes an ideal jellium model —a model on which are based many, if not all, of our many-body calculations; (c) It provides experimental data which can then be compared directly with theory thus enabling one to judge the relative merits of many different approximations which one adopts in the many-body calculations of correlation energy. We shall see that EHL is indeed an interesting system both from experimental and theoretical points of view. The discussion which follows will be limited to T = 0 K. The more fundamental aspects of electron correlations in solids will be discussed by other lecturers at this Institute.
From 2D to Kubi to Doubles: Designs for Student Telepresence in Synchronous Hybrid Classrooms

This paper introduces the efforts of Michigan State University’s Counseling, Educational Psychology, and Special Education/College of Education (CEPSE/COE) Design Studio to utilize robotic telepresence devices in synchronous hybrid learning classes for the Educational Psychology and Educational Technology (EPET ) Ph.D. program. Robotic telepresence devices are digital devices that can be piloted from a distance for the purpose of interacting with people in a remote location. Synchronous hybrid learning classes refer to classes in which online and face-to-face students interact during shared synchronous sessions. This design case describes the context, technologies, and strategies used to integrate robotic telepresence devices in a synchronous hybrid learning class format. We conclude by discussing our insights gleaned from our existing designs for student telepresence in synchronous hybrid learning contexts.
PEG Modified rVWF Prolongs the Survival of Native rFVIII in Hemophilia A Knock-Out Mice.

Abstract Mature CHO cell derived and highly purified rVWF was chemically derivatized by binding of 20 kDa polyethylene glycol (PEG) succinimidyl glutarate, to the primary amino groups in rVWF with covalent bond formation, primarily with lysine residues. PEG conjugates of rVWF were further purified and pharmaceutically formulated for application into hemophilia A knock-out mice. Groups of 6 mice each were treated with respective test and control articles to measure pharmacokinetics. Mice were treated with chemically modified rVWF in combination with recombinant human FVIII (rFVIII, Advate). For control purposes, mice were treated with unmodified rVWF plus rFVIII. Citrated plasma was prepared from their blood and measured for FVIII activity with a chromogenic FVIII assay. Mice received 300 IU/kg rFVIII together with 3.6 mg/kg PEG-rVWF or 1.6 mg/kg unmodified rVWF. FVIII levels were measured at time points 5 minutes and 3, 9, 24 and 32 hours after injection. FVIII levels found 5 minutes after injection were set as 100%. At all time points FVIII levels were substantially higher in the groups co-administered with PEG-rVWF. Mice co-administered with PEG-rVWF showed a FVIII level of 3% at 24 hours which was maintained at 2% after 32 hours, while in the controls treated with rFVIII and unmodified rVWF, FVIII levels were close to the limit of detection at 24 hours (~ 0,6%) and had completely disappeared at 32 hours. Assuming a one compartmental model, a mean half life of 4.4 hrs of rFVIII in the presence of PEG-rVWF and 1.2 hrs in the presence of unmodified rVWF was calculated (Scientist program, MicroMath, Saint Louis, MO, USA). The FVIII AUC was increased by a factor of 2.5 for the group treated with PEG-rVWF (MS EXCEL, trapezoidal model). Our study demonstrates that chemical modification by PEGylation of rVWF can be used to improve the survival of co-administered native rFVIII in the circulation of hemophilic mice.
Amyloid precursor protein, Alzheimer’s disease, and Down’s syndrome

The co-occurrence of Alzheimer’s disease pathology in Down’s syndrome individuals in the fourth decade of life has been known for almost eight decades. A recent study showing that some cases of Alzheimer’s disease result from an extra copy of the amyloid precursor protein gene locus quite possibly brings to a definitive conclusion the idea that a modest increase in APP gene dosage in Down’s syndrome is causative of the Alzheimer phenotype in these individuals. This commentary will trace some of the historical studies in the context of this new finding.
Adaptive statistical detection of false data injection attacks in smart grids

The smart power grid is a synergistic system that integrates diverse network components for power generation, transmission, and distribution. Its advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) enables the grid's efficient and reliable operation. Nevertheless, it is amenable to advanced cyber threats; malicious actors can compromise vulnerable meters and arbitrarily alter their readings. These orchestrated “false data injection attacks” can lead to power outages and service interruption. We propose a framework that uses measurements from trusted (secure) nodes in order to detect abnormal “spoofing” activity of other nodes, possibly tampered. Our model considers the structural similarities in the electricity consumption of AMI nodes, and exploits the spatial correlation amongst meters. To alleviate the problem's large-dimensionality aspect, the meters are clustered into classes of similar energy patterns. We evaluate our algorithms using real-world building data obtained from a large university campus.
NOMOS: A Semantic Web Software Framework for Annotation of Multimodal Corpora.

We present NOMOS, an open-source software framework for annotation, processing, and analysis of multimodal corpora. NOMOS is designed for use by annotators, corpus developers, and corpus consumers, emphasizing configurability for a variety of specific annotation tasks. Its features include synchronized multi-channel audio and video playback, compatibility with several corpora, platform independence, and mixed display of capabilities and a well-defined method for layering datasets. Second, we describe how the system is used. For corpus development and annotation we present a typical use scenario involving the creation of a schema and specialization of the user interface. For processing and analysis we describe the GUI- and Java-based methods available, including a GUI for query construction and execution, and an automatically generated schema-conforming Java API for processing of annotations. Additionally, we present some specific annotation and research tasks for which NOMOS has been specialized and used, annotation and research tasks for which NOMOS has been specialized and used, including topic segmentation and decision-point annotation of meetings.
Sophia on the Street: Boulevard Literature Denies the Divine

The concept of the Eternal Feminine and the Dionysian principles of hedonism, sexual freedom and pleasure for its own sake were held up as major tenets of Decadence and Symbolism in Russia’s fin de siecle. In concert, these two notions ostensibly offered adherents the opportunity to create a celestial utopia on earth. It is clear, however, in boulevard literature, often positioned as the bawdy and commercial alternative to literature of the vanguard, that these concepts were not accessible to women. In the works of Yevdokiya Nagrodskaya and Anastasiya Verbitskaya in particular, these avant-garde foundations are shrewdly unravelled by a direct feminist response, marking a rapid growth in women’s participation not only in the market, but in the creation of new modes of public discourse.
An Evidence-Based Practical Approach to Pediatric Otolaryngology in the Developing World

Despite humanitarian otolaryngology groups traveling in record numbers to resource-limited areas treating pediatric otolaryngology disease processes and training local providers, there remains a large burden of unmet needs. There is a meager amount of published information that comes from the developing world from an otolaryngology standpoint. As would be expected, the little information that does comes involves some of the most common pediatric otolaryngology diseases and surgical burdens including childhood hearing loss, otitis media, adenotonsillectomies, airway obstructions requiring tracheostomies, foreign body aspirations, and craniomaxillofacial surgeries, including cleft lip and palate.
Peirce and Proof: A View from the Trees

Using the proof of Peirce’s Law [{(x → y) → x} → x] as an example, I show how bilateral tableau systems (or “2-sided trees”) are not only more economical than rival systems of logical proof, they also better reflect the reasoning Peirce actually gives for securing the law’s acceptance as an axiom. Moreover, bilateral proof trees are readily adapted to Peirce’s own graphical notation, producing a proof system in that notation that is even more efficient and easier to learn than Peirce’s system of permissions. This is in part due to the fact that Peirce’s graphical notation is similarly bilateral. In effect bilateral proof trees in Peirce’s notation can be understood as representing the space of outcomes for a game very much like what Peirce envisions as his endopereutic, and they embody insights of certain expressions of the pragmatic maxim that Peirce offers around 1905. Taken together, this suggests to me that Peirce would have embraced such a system of logic, and so I find it especially unfortunate that he was evidently unaware of Lewis Carroll’s pioneering efforts to develop tree-like proof systems to solve logical puzzles with multiliteral sorites.
Conservative surgery for endometriosis in the infertile female: a study of 206 patients with implications for both medical and surgical therapy.

Two hundred and six women with endometriosis classified as mild (88), moderate (50), or severe (68) were evaluated after conservative surgery. The duration of infertility was not related to the severity of the condition. In 137 patients, endometriosis was the only known cause of the infertility. Pregnancy rates in this group were 73.2%, 55.9%, and 40.4%, respectively, for patients with mild, moderate, and severe endometriosis. Of 56 patients with mild endometriosis (peritoneal involvement only), 78.0% had been infertile for 2 or more years; 73.2% became pregnant. These facts suggest that endometriosis, even in its mild form, does interfere with the conception process and that, in some way, surgery is efficacious. The surgery was most beneficial in the early postoperative period. Of patients who conceived, 30.5% did so within 3 months, 48.8% within 6 months, and 86.0% within 15 months after surgery. The data suggest that if medical suppressive therapy is to be used in conjunction with conservative surgery to enhance fertility, it should be used preoperatively rather than postoperatively.
Rapid Diagnosis of Influenza: State of the Art

Much effort has been expended developing testing modalities for influenza viruses that are capable of providing rapid results to clinicians. Antigen-detection techniques, historically the only methods able to deliver results quickly, are still widely used despite concerns about sensitivity. Recently, nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs), which can achieve rapid turnaround times and high sensitivity, have become available. In addition, NAATs can detect other respiratory pathogens. Although there are many theoretical advantages to rapid influenza testing, the clinical impact of testing in various patient populations must be considered against the cost and the analytical performance of the tests.
Urinary tract stones in pregnancy

The presence of urinary tract calculi during pregnancy is a dramatic and potentially serious problem for the fetus and the mother alike. The anatomic and physiologic changes in pregnancy add to the diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. A high degree of alertness is needed to the possibility that colic, flank pain, and other symptoms as well as problems with labor are caused by stones. Renal ultrasonography, the most appropriate first-line test, may by itself provide the diagnosis. Radiologic studies, however, including excretory urography, also may be needed. All but a few of the forms of treatment used in the nonpregnant population are applicable in pregnant patients as well.
Systematic study of the genus Eupatoriastrum ( Asteraceae, Eupatorieae )

Eupatoriastrum (includingMatudina King & H. Rob.) is a small genus of southern Mexico, Guatemala, and El Salvador. It is characterized by its large convex paleate receptacles which bear numerous florets (100–300). Five species are recognized. Relationships of the genus are discussed, descriptions, complete synonymy, and a hypothetical phyletic diagram of the species are provided. In addition, four of the taxa are illustrated by line drawings.
Clinical Features, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Narcolepsy

Narcolepsy, a chronic sleep disorder that typically begins at a young age, has the potential to greatly disrupt social, educational, and vocational development. Because of the nature of its symptoms (e.g., excessive daytime sleepiness and cataplexy, in particular), narcolepsy provides insights to mechanisms regarding human sleep regulation. Its universal symptom of inappropriate daytime sleepiness probably contributes most substantially to the resulting impaired quality of life that has been documented (1). A specific and intriguing sign of narcolepsy, experienced by 60% of patients, is cataplexy, or transient muscle weakness triggered by emotions. Other classic, but less specific symptoms include sleep paralysis and hypnagogic hallucinations. Disturbed nocturnal sleep is the most recent addition to the constellation of symptoms.
The Time-to-Arrival Problem for Reconstruction of Multidimensional Heat Flux

We present an algorithm designed to extract accurate multi-dimensional heat flux distributions from surface temperature measurements which may be provided by narrow-band thermochromic liquid crystals (TLC). Here, thermography provides information with regards to the time it takes a particular point at the surface to reach a characteristic temperature at which the TLC responds. A quadratic functional is defined, sensitivity coefficients are determined analytically using a superposition principle, and the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm is used to solve the inverse problem. Results are presented for a numerical simulation.
Cellular Signaling and Polyamines in the Control of Apoptosis in Intestinal Epithelial Cells

A recent review article by Janne et al. (1) begins with, “The polyamines, putrescine, spermidine, and spermine, are organic cations shown to participate in a bewildering number of cellular reactions, yet their exact functions in intermediary metabolism and specific interactions with cellular components remain largely elusive.” As documented by Schipper et al. (2) in their article entitled “Involvement of polyamines in apoptosis. Facts and controversies: effectors or protectors?” apoptosis or programmed cell death certainly belongs on the list. As the title of the Schipper et al. review indicates, the role of polyamines in apoptosis is anything but clear. In most, but not all instances, ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity increased with the induction of apoptosis, but there was no clear cut change in polyamine levels as they increased, decreased, or stayed the same depending on the system (2). Most experiments examining the effect of blocking ODC with α-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) reported protection from apoptosis, whereas a few found no effect (2). The effects of polyamine analogs on apoptosis were also variable (2).
Joint Mapping and Routing of Virtual Network Functions for Improved Disaster Recovery Support

Network function virtualization (NFV) and software-defined networking (SDN) are two recent networking paradigms that strive to increase manageability, scalability, programmability and dynamism. The former decouples network functions and hosting devices, while the latter decouples the data and control planes. However, as more operators adopt these new paradigms, there is a growing need to address multi-failure conditions, particularly those arising from large-scale disaster events. Hence this study proposes enhanced “risk-aware” virtual function mapping and traffic routing schemes to improve the reliability of user services as well as reduce deployment and routing costs.
Clock gene expression is altered in veterans with sleep apnea.

Clock gene dysregulation has been shown to underlie various sleep disorders and may lead to negative cardio-metabolic outcomes. However, the association between sleep apnea (SA) and core clock gene...
Dual blockade of IL-4 and IL-13 with dupilumab, an IL-4Rα antibody, is required to broadly inhibit type 2 inflammation.

Background Dupilumab, a fully human monoclonal antibody that binds IL-4Rα and inhibits signaling of both IL-4 and IL-13, has shown efficacy across multiple diseases with underlying type 2 signatures and is approved for treatment of asthma, atopic dermatitis, and chronic sinusitis with nasal polyposis. We sought to provide a comprehensive analysis of the redundant and distinct roles of IL-4 and IL-13 in type 2 inflammation and report dupilumab mechanisms of action. Methods Using primary cell assays and a mouse model of house dust mite-induced asthma, we compared IL-4 vs IL-13 vs IL-4Rα blockers. Results Intranasal administration of either IL-4 or IL-13 confers an asthma-like phenotype in mice by inducing immune cell lung infiltration, including eosinophils, increasing cytokine/chemokine expression and mucus production, thus demonstrating redundant functions of these cytokines. We further teased out their respective contributions using human in vitro culture systems. Then, in a mouse asthma model by comparing in head-to-head studies, either IL-4 or IL-13 inhibition to dual IL-4/IL-13 inhibition, we demonstrate that blockade of both IL-4 and IL-13 is required to broadly block type 2 inflammation, which translates to protection from allergen-induced lung function impairment. Notably, only dual IL-4/IL-13 blockade prevented eosinophil infiltration into lung tissue without affecting circulating eosinophils, demonstrating that tissue, but not circulating eosinophils, contributes to disease pathology. Conclusions Overall, these data support IL-4 and IL-13 as key drivers of type 2 inflammation and help provide insight into the therapeutic mechanism of dupilumab, a dual IL-4/IL-13 blocker, in multiple type 2 diseases.
Reactions to Participating in Trauma and Addiction Research Among Women in a Sober Living Home: A Brief Report:

The purpose of this study was to examine reactions to participating in trauma and addiction research among women in a sober living home. Participants were 59 women who completed a comprehensive sur...
Belief Condensation Filtering for Voltage-Based State Estimation in Smart Grids

Today's power generation and distribution networks are quickly moving toward automated control and integration of renewable resources - a complex, integrated system termed the Smart Grid. A key component in planning and managing of Smart Grids is State Estimation (SE). The state-of-the art SE technologies today operate on the basis of slow varying dynamics of the current network and make simplifying linearity assumptions. However, the integration of smart readers and green resources will result in significant non-linearity and unpredictability in the network. Therefore in future Smart Grids, there is need for ever more accurate and real-time algorithms. In this work, we propose and examine a new SE method named the Belief Condensation Filter (BCF) that aims to achieve these measures by approximating the true distribution of the state variables, rather than a linearized version as done for instance in Kalman filtering. Through simulations we show that in the presence of non-linearities, our general SE framework improves accuracy where linear and Kalman-like filters exhibit impaired performance.
Abstract TP337: Microglial Activation and Neuroinflammation Are Mediated by Over-Activation of Cofilin After Intracerebral Hemorrhage

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a major health concern associated with high mortality and morbidity. 50% of the stroke victims die within the first month and the rest of the survivors have to dea...
RESPONSE: COVID-19 and Challenges to Cardiovascular Graduate Medical Education.

The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in unprecedented disruption in post-graduate medical training. Han and colleagues offer the perspective of cardiovascular trainees with regard to: 1) allocation of scarce resources; 2) health care worker protection; and 3) end-of-life
A single-center retrospective analysis of 3- or 4-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion: surgical outcomes in 66 patients.

OBJECTIVE Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) is a safe and effective intervention to treat cervical spine pathology. Although these were originally performed as single-level procedures, multilevel ACDF has been performed for patients with extensive degenerative disc disease. To date, there is a paucity of data regarding outcomes related to ACDFs of 3 or more levels. The purpose of this study was to compare surgical outcomes of 3- and 4-level ACDF procedures. METHODS The authors performed a retrospective chart review of patients who underwent 3- and 4-level ACDF at the University of Virginia Health System between January 2010 and December 2017. In patients meeting the inclusion/exclusion criteria, demographics, fusion rates, time to fusion, and reoperation rates were evaluated. Fusion was determined by < 1 mm of change in interspinous distance between individual fused vertebrae on lateral flexion/extension radiographs and lack of radiolucency between the grafts and vertebral bodies. Any procedure requiring a surgical revision was considered a failure. RESULTS Sixty-six patients (47 with 3-level and 19 with 4-level ACDFs) met the inclusion/exclusion criteria of having at least one lateral flexion/extension radiograph series ≥ 12 months after surgery. Seventy percent of 3-level patients and 68% of 4-level patients had ≥ 24 months of follow-up. Ninety-four percent of 3-level patients and 100% of 4-level patients achieved radiographic fusion for at least 1 surgical level. Eighty-eight percent and 82% of 3- and 4-level patients achieved fusion at C3-4; 85% and 89% of 3- and 4-level patients achieved fusion at C4-5; 68% and 89% of 3- and 4-level patients achieved fusion at C5-6; 44% and 42% of 3- and 4-level patients achieved fusion at C6-7; and no patients achieved fusion at C7-T1. Time to fusion was not significantly different between levels. Revision was required in 6.4% of patients with 3-level and in 16% of patients with 4-level ACDF. The mean time to revision was 46.2 and 45.4 months for 3- and 4-level ACDF, respectively. The most common reason for revision was worsening of initial symptoms. CONCLUSIONS The authors' experience with long-segment anterior cervical fusions shows their fusion rates exceeding most of the reported fusion rates for similar procedures in the literature, with rates similar to those reported for short-segment ACDFs. Three-level and 4-level ACDF procedures are viable options for cervical spine pathology, and the authors' analysis demonstrates an equivalent rate of fusion and time to fusion between 3- and 4-level surgeries.
The Genetic Basis of Diabetic Kidney Disease

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a microvascular complication of progressive renal decline in patients with diabetes, which is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) globally. Early epidemiological and genetic studies demonstrated that DKD is a heritable condition, indicative of an underlying genetic component for its increased susceptibility. Since then, significant work has been conducted to unravel causal genes implicated in DKD development and progression. With the advancement of genomic technologies, genome-wide association studies (GWASs) and next-generation sequencing (NGS) approaches continue to expand our knowledge of the genetic architecture of DKD and uncover novel biological pathways implicated in disease pathogenesis. Additionally, the establishment of large international collaborations has led to significantly increased cohort sizes to improve overall statistical power to detect novel associations.
Development of a Multi-Study Repository to Support Research on Veteran Health: The VA Cooperative Studies Program Epidemiology Center-Durham (CSPEC-Durham) Data and Specimen Repository

Federal agencies, including the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), have prioritized improved access to scientific data and results collected through federally funded research. Our VA Cooperative Studies Program Epidemiology Center in Durham, North Carolina (CSPEC-Durham) assembled a repository of data and specimens collected through multiple studies on Veteran health issues to facilitate future research in these areas. We developed a single protocol, request process that includes scientific and ethical review of all applications, and a database architecture using metadata (common variable descriptors) to securely store and share data across diverse studies. In addition, we created a mechanism to allow data and specimens collected through older studies in which re-use was not addressed in the study protocol or consent forms to be shared if the future research is within the scope of the original consent. Our CSPEC-Durham Data and Specimen Repository currently includes research data, genomic data, and study specimens (e.g., DNA, blood) for three content areas: colorectal cancer, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Gulf War research. The linking of the study specimens and research data can support additional genetic analyses and related research to improve Veterans' health.