cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
DSM-5 Pathological Personality Traits and the Personality Assessment Inventory:

Section 3 of the DSM-5 will include a pathological personality trait system rooted in the quantitative epistemology of personality and clinical psychology. This system has the potential to enhance the clinical utility of the diagnostic nosology by providing a means for the dimensional assessment of individuals with psychopathology. However, there is limited research on the associations of DSM-5 traits with common mental disorders and related clinical phenomena as measured by currently popular assessment instruments. The purpose of this article was to evaluate the convergence of the DSM-5 trait system with a well-validated broadband clinical instrument, the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI). Bivariate correlations were examined and factor analytic methods were used to examine the degree to which the DSM-5 traits and PAI capture common variance in personality and mental health. In a student sample (N = 1,001), we found broad convergence between the DSM-5 traits and PAI, which could be organized effectively using five factors. The implications of these findings for using traits to address issues related to diagnostic co-occurrence and heterogeneity in routine clinical assessment are discussed.
The Dynamics of Working-Class Politics in Early Republican Turkey: Language, Identity, and Experience *

The years between the late 1940s and late 1950s constituted a critical period in the historical formation of the working class in Turkey. During that period, Turkey experienced a number of structural transformations. It also saw the elaboration of a new discourse on the working class by labor representatives, organizations, and by workers themselves. That discourse provided the workers and their organizations with the channels necessary to articulate their demands when other forms of expression were considered ineffective and dangerous. Using the language of equality, justice, and human rights, workers appealed for improvement in their status both at the workplace and within society at large. This new political culture and language was built on the critical assessment of the corporatist construction of labor relations and the rejection of the idea that employers and workers were members of the same (national) family. Based on worker and union newspapers, the primary objective of this essay is to discuss the basic components and characteristic features of this new discourse and its place in working-class politics in early republican Turkey.
Toward QoS certification of real-time distributed computing systems

It seems reasonable to expect that the general public will demand in not too distant future to institute more stringent certification procedures for computing parts of traditional and new-generation safety-critical application systems. Such quality-of-service (QoS) certification processes will not and can not rely solely on the testing approach. Design-time guaranteeing of timely service capabilities of various subsystems is an inevitable part of such processes. Although some promising developments in this area have been occurring in recent years, the technological challenges yet to be overcome are enormous. This paper is a summary of the author's perspective on the remaining challenges and promising directions for tackling them.
Navy initiatives to steer COTS instrument technology developments

The Navy has purchased commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) test instrumentation (general purpose electronic test equipment-GPETE) for over 25 years. Over that period, the Navy has actively engaged the test equipment industry in technical discussions to support technical requirements for instrumentation. A strong customer-supplier relationship has developed that has allowed the Navy to ensure instrument support for emerging requirements using COTS equipment. New Navy initiatives in instrumentation are focused on supporting improvements in training, extending calibration intervals, automation, and interoperability. These initiatives are being pursued to enhance the Navy's position for a future that will include fewer personnel on ships. The budget for training personnel will be radically constrained; thus, self-training instrumentation will be required. The limited number of personnel will require their instrumentation to be available for longer periods without calibration. Instruments of the future must accommodate automation in an integrated weapons system environment and be able to provide information and raw data back to centralized resources through advanced communications networks. This paper describes the focus of these initiatives for the future Navy.
Efficiency-limiting defects in polycrystalline silicon

Efficiency-limiting defects in polycrystalline silicon were studied using intentional metal contamination and various thermal and gettering treatments. Recently we have determined that regions of polysilicon material with the highest as-grown diffusion length are found to contain dissolved iron after growth, indicating retarded iron precipitation during post-growth cooling in these regions. Intragranular structural defects are responsible for low diffusion length previous results. In order to better understand the interaction of metallic impurities with these structural defects, phosphorus and aluminum gettering and P/Al co-gettering, have been performed on a variety of silicon solar cell materials after identical transition metal contamination. Our results show that polysilicon is more resistant to diffusion length increase than single crystal material. A model is proposed in which the predominant diffusion-length limiting factors in low diffusion length material are structural defects, whose recombination activity depends upon their density and degree of transition metal decoration.
A Comment on Arterial Po2–A Clinically Irrelevant Value

The December 1974 issue of Pediatrics contained an article1 and an editorial comment2 which we find disturbing, misleading in their implications, and all too reminiscent of much in the recent literature regarding the possible adverse effects of bronchodilator aerosols on the arterial oxygen (Po2) levels of asthmatic patients. We feel that thoughtful analysis of virtually all papers dealing with this blood gas problem will reveal very little data suggesting that arterial Po2 alterations from aerosols are statistically significant, much less clinically relevant.
Existence and stability of stationary waves of a population model with strong Allee effect

We investigate the existence and stability of stationary waves of a nonlocal reaction-diffusion population model with delay, nonlocality and strong Allee effect. By reducing the model, the conditions for existence of stationary wavefront, wave pulse and inverted wave pulse are established. Then we show that the stationary waves of the reduced model are also the stationary waves of the general model. The global stability of the stationary waves is illustrated by numerically solving the general model for different sets of parameter values.
A new property of iso-agglutinins of the ABO blood group system.

A new agglutination phenomenon in the ABO group system is described. This phenomenon consists of the development of agglutinates by interaction between a single specifically sensitized cell and other unsensitized, nonantigenic cells. Aggregates of cells formed in this way are tentatively described as "anomalous mixed agglutinates." Some of the properties of anomalous mixed agglutinates have been investigated, and the impact of these properties on the current theories of agglutination is briefly discussed.
Parental Preferences for Early Intervention Programming Examined Using Best–Worst Scaling Methodology

Many programs and interventions are available to support families of young children, yet engagement and participation in these programs is often inconsistent. One explanation for poor engagement is that program parameters may not align with participant preferences. Further, preferred program components may vary across demographic groups. In the present experiment, a best–worst scaling approach was utilized to ascertain parental preferences for early intervention programming. Four hundred twenty-six parents of young children answered a set of 27 best–worst scaling questions regarding preferred components of early intervention programs. Overall results indicated that the most preferred aspect of program descriptions were those that emphasized parent and child outcomes (e.g., increased academic readiness, increased educational attainment). Parameters such as the provision of free childcare and teaching through experiential activities were also highly preferred. Programs held during a weekend, lasting 120 min, attended alone, led by a parent, attended without parent–child interactions, lasting 16 weeks, requiring paid or no childcare, and providing no food were least preferred. Although in general preferences were consistent across parents, there were significant differences in preferences across subgroups of parents. Improvements in child outcomes were the most preferred attribute of early intervention programming. Few differences between subgroups of parents were observed. In cases where there were differences, mothers and single parents preferred some program activities to be separate from the child’s other parent. Parents from minority groups preferred programs that also included components directed at their own development as well (e.g., job training).
Making dispersal syndromes and networks useful in tropical conservation and restoration

Abstract Dispersal syndromes and networks must be used cautiously in conserving and restoring seed-dispersal processes. In many tropical forests most tree and shrub species require dispersal by animals for local persistence and for migration in response to environmental change. The most important errors to avoid in practical use of both dispersal syndromes (suites of fruit and seed characteristics that attract different dispersal agents) and network modules (groups of interacting dispersal agents and plants bearing fruits or seeds that they eat) are: (1) assuming that use of fruit resources by fruit-eating animals implies effective seed dispersal; (2) assuming that superficially similar fruits imply equally effective dispersal by similar animals, and (3) assuming that fruit resources at issue support animal populations. This essay explores strengths and weaknesses of uses of dispersal syndromes and disperser networks modules in conservation and restoration. Examples include some that are consistent with expectations from syndrome categorization and some that are not. An unappreciated weakness in using either dispersal syndromes or network modules is that contingent foraging by animals in highly disturbed habitats, now comprising 60%–70% of tropical land biomes, may not resemble foraging choices or consequences in protected closed forests, where most research on tropical seed dispersal is done. General prescriptions for the future include maintaining or creating habitat heterogeneity in largely deforested landscapes where remnant closed forests still exist, and active restoration in landscapes where little heterogeneity remains. In both cases, adaptations of multiple frame-work tree approaches have the best chance of preserving or enhancing populations of animal-dispersed trees and their seed vectors, and in opening migration paths in response to climate change.
Effect of sulfhydryl group modification on erythrocyte membrane adenosine triphosphatase.

SummaryWhen intact human erythrocytes were treated with DTNB, about 5% of total membrane sulfhydryl groups were modified. No detectable changes were observed in the ATPase of the membrane fragments prepared from DTNB-treated cells. However, when membrane fragments were reacted directly with DTNB, about 50% of total sulfhydryl groups were modified and the (Na + K)-activated ATPase was completely abolished, while cation-independent ATP ase remained unchanged. About 80% of the (Na + K)-activation could be recovered by removing the sulfhydryl modifying groups with DTT.
A New DES Model Based on Wray-Agarwal Turbulence Model for Simulation of Wall Boundeed Flows

This paper describes a new Detached-Eddy Simulation (DES) model based on the recently developed one-equation Wray-Agarwal eddy viscosity turbulence model. The results from the new model are compared to the experimental data of several standard test cases. Computational results for a flat plate, NACA 0012 airfoil, and NASA wall-mounted hump are presented. It is shown that the Wray-Agarwal turbulence model based DES formulation has a good agreement with the experimental results.
Clinical analysis of the death cases for children after complete repair of Tetralogy of Fallot

Objective:To analyze the modes of death for children after complete repair of Tetralogy of Fallot and to determine the indication and contraindication of complete repair of Tetralogy of Fallot in the children. Methods:Between August 1999 and February 2007,1284 children with Tetralogy of Fallot received complete repair procedure with mean age of 2.4±5.1 (0.25-8.0)years and body weight of 11.2±8.5 (4.0-28.0)kg.Of the 1284 patients,there were 372 infants not elder than six months,and 53 emergency surgeries were included. Results:Forty nine patients died with mortality 3.8%(49/1284) and 4 patients died after emergency operation with mortality 7.5%(4/53).Acute and subacute cardiac failure were the main causes of death and 16 patients died of low cardiac output syndrome.Pulmonary insufficiency or edema in 6 patients.Five patients could not withdraw cardiopulmonary bypass because of anomalous origin of coronary artery,pulmonary artery atresia or complete atrioventricular septal defect and died during the repairs.Severe infection led 5 patients to death. Complete cardiac block,multiple subsystem failure,neurological complication and improperly postoperative management and nursery contributed 4 patients to die equally.One patient died of upper gastric bleeding and DIC. Conclusion:Cardiac catheterization and angiography for children with severe Tetralogy of Fallot is required. Staged repair of Tetralogy of Fallot is necessary for minority patients with severe Tetralogy of Fallot.Appropriate and intensive postoperative care can decrease the mortality.
Antitumor Imide Derivatives of 2,3‐Dimethyl‐7‐oxabicyclo(2.2.1)heptane‐2,3‐dicarboxylic Acid.

The title compounds (III) are prepared from the anhydride (I) by reaction with the amines (II).
Studies on conversion of phenylalanine to tyrosine in phenylpyruvic oligophrenia.

SummaryA homogenate of a biopsy specimen of liver obtained from a patient with phenylpyruvic oligophrenia did not catalyze detectable conversion of phenylalanine to tyrosine, under conditions whereby liver homogenates obtained from normal individuals were active in catalyzing such conversion. Addition of a fraction prepared from rat liver (which exhibited relatively low activity alone) to the inactive phenylketonuric liver homogenate resulted in striking activation of the conversion of phenylalanine to tyrosine.
Inhibitory effect of angiotensin II on renal tubular transport

This study was designed to examine the intracellular mechanism of inhibitory action of high concentration of angiotensin II (ANG II) on proximal tubular transport in rat kidneys by microperfusion methods. Perfusion of ANG II (10(-6) M) to peritubular capillaries caused a reduction of both fluid and HCO3- transport (Jv and JHCO3-, respectively) by 33 and 26%, respectively. These inhibitory effects were blocked by the ANG II-receptor antagonist [Sar1, Ile8]ANG II (10(-5) M). Similar degrees of inhibition on Jv and JHCO3- were observed when ionomycin (10(-7) and 10(-6) M), a Ca2+ ionophore, was added to capillary perfusate. Moreover, there was no additive effect when both ANG II and ionomycin were perfused together through capillaries, suggesting that both agents work via the same mechanism, presumably by increasing cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i). Inhibitory effects of ANG II on proximal tubular transport were still observed in a Ca2(+)-free perfusate containing ethylene glycol-bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid, indicating that these effects do not require influx of Ca2+ from extracellular medium. Furthermore, the observation that TMB-8, an agent that prevents intracellular Ca2+ mobilization, completely eliminated the effect of ANG II strongly suggests that intracellular Ca2+ rather than Ca2+ influx mediates effects of ANG II on proximal tubular transport. Direct measurement of [Ca2+]i by use of fura-2 in isolated proximal tubular cells showed slight but statistically significant increases in [Ca2+]i. Taken together, these observations support the idea that intracellular Ca2+ serves as a second messenger in the inhibitory effect of high concentrations of ANG II on Jv and JHCO3- in proximal tubule of kidney.
Humanities and medicine (a slightly dissident view).

Abstract Programs for humanities and medicine are growing in a number of medical schools in the U.S.A. Proponents of the programs, which are intended to bring together humanists, scientists, physicians, and others, believe that broadening the background of physicians will put a more human face on the practice of medicine, despite its increasingly technological nature. There is little to support this premise, and its successes and failures are not measurable. There are reasons to support the programs, however, but they have more to do with what physicians like and want to do than with what is therapeutic for them.
Linkage analysis in human genetics

Linkage analysis in humans owes its significance to the opportunity it offers to delineate the genetic basis of clinical disorders, and to the avenues it opens for the eventual identification of elusive molecular defects. Although different experimental designs are used for linkage analysis in plants, the same basic principles are involved. A brief account of the experience accumulated with linkage studies in humans might be helpful for designing experiments in plant or animal sciences. For in-depth reviews of the topic, the reader is referred to White and Lalouel [36] or to textbooks such as Bailey [I] and Ott [28].
A 40Gbps economic extension board and FPGA-based testing platform

This paper describes a low-cost extension board used together with an FPGA-based test platform that enables digital testing up to 40Gbps. The high bandwidth of the board allows testing performance needed for future high-speed standards. An FPGA main board is built to control this plugin board for testing across a wide range of data-rates. The FPGA itself supports to transmit and receive signals up to 10Gbps. This economic plugin test module is used to multiplex four high-speed channels from the FPGA into a single 40Gbps serial bit stream.
Borealophlyctis nickersoniae, a new species in Rhizophlyctidales

Zoospore ultrastructural characters combined with molecular phylogenetic hypotheses have been used to revise the taxonomy of zoosporic true fungi. An example is the reclassification of Rhizophlyctis rosea-like fungal strains into four new families and three new genera within the order Rhizophlyctidales. One genus was Borealophlyctis, which included a Canadian isolate, DAOMC 229843. A recent survey of chytrid diversity in Alabama (USA) yielded additional strains (WJD 170, WJD 171) in the Borealophlyctis lineage. With light and transmission-electron microscopy we examined strains DAOMC 229843, WJD 170 and WJD 171. We also analyzed partial nuc 28S rDNA D1-D3 domains (28S) and nuc rDNA region encompassing the internal transcribed spacers 1 and 2 and 5.8S (ITS) sequences to determine the phylogenetic placement of the strains within Rhizophlyctidales. Based on molecular divergence and morphological differences from the type Borealophlyctis paxensis, we recognize DAOMC 229843, WJD 170 and WJD 171 as representatives of the new species Borealophlyctis nickersoniae.
Medication disposal: How prepared are pharmacy students?

Abstract Objective To evaluate the confidence and capability of Doctor of Pharmacy students in their ability to communicate appropriate medication disposal methods for various dosage forms. Methods An anonymous survey questionnaire approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) was created and distributed to all Doctor of Pharmacy students enrolled in Florida pharmacy programs during the 2014–2015 academic year. This tool included both Likert-type and free response format methods to assess student confidence in and capability of explaining how to dispose properly of medications. Results An estimated response rate of 11% of all Doctor of Pharmacy students in Florida programs yielded a total of 286 student responses. Of these, 65% of students reported having exposure to information about medication disposal within the classroom setting. Students reported a median confidence level of 6 out of 10 in their ability to properly counsel on appropriate medication disposal practices. Free response items for medication disposal indicated that 37–46% of students participating in this survey were “unsure” or provided no response to the question of how to dispose of various dosage forms of medications. Conclusion Medication disposal is an important medical, safety, and environmental concern. Pharmacy students reported a low level of confidence and potential weakness in their capability for correctly disposing of medications. More standardized education, in addition to a stronger emphasis on the importance of appropriate medication disposal, may be warranted in pharmacy curricula and training.
Cyclic steady states of nonlinear electro-mechanical devices excited at resonance

Author(s): Brandstetter, G; Govindjee, S | Abstract: We present an efficient numerical method to solve for cyclic steady states of nonlinear electro-mechanical devices excited at resonance. Many electro-mechanical systems are designed to operate at resonance, where the ramp-up simulation to steady state is computationally very expensive – especially when low damping is present. The proposed method relies on a Newton–Krylov shooting scheme for the direct calculation of the cyclic steady state, as opposed to a naive transient time-stepping from zero initial conditions. We use a recently developed high-order Eulerian–Lagrangian finite element method in combination with an energy-preserving dynamic contact algorithm in order to solve the coupled electro-mechanical boundary value problem. The nonlinear coupled equations are evolved by means of an operator split of the mechanical and electrical problem with an explicit as well as implicit approach. The presented benchmark examples include the first three fundamental modes of a vibrating nanotube, as well as a micro-electro-mechanical disk resonator in dynamic steady contact. For the examples discussed, we observe power law computational speed-ups of the form Sn=n0.6·ξ−n0.8, where ξ is the linear damping ratio of the corresponding resonance frequency. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley a Sons, Ltd.
Isolated Spinal Neuro-Behçet Disease

Behcet disease (BD) was first described by a Turkish dermatologist Hulnsi Behcet in 1937. BD is a chronic relapsing multisystem disease. It commonly affects young adults an can invade the skin, mucous membranes, eyes, joints, vascular system, lungs, gastrointestinal tract, and the central nervous system (CNS). The focus of this paper will be on neuro-Behcet disease (NBD) with special description on involvement of the spinal cord.
Polyethylene-Bound Tin Halide as a Catalyst for Reductions of Alkyl Halides Using NaBH 4

The synthesis, characterization and use of polyethylene-bound dibutyltin chloride as a catalyst for the reduction of alkyl halides using a suspension of sodium borohydride in toluene and a crown ether as a phase transfer catalyst is described. This tin-containing soluble macromolecule was synthesized by anionic oligomerization of ethylene followed by electrophilic substitution of the resulting “living” oligomer with dibutyltin dichloride. The resulting polyethylene-bound tin reagent was characterized by NMR and IR spectroscopy. It was used as a cocatalyst (5–10%) along with 10–20% of a phase transfer catalyst (usually a crown ether) in reductions of alkyl halides using a suspension of sodium borohydride in hot toluene at 110 °C. Preliminary kinetic studies imply that the reaction rate is dependent on the rate of transport of sodium borohyride into the toluene phase by the crown cocatalyst. Yields of reduced products are typically >90%.
Deploying Throwboxes to Enhance Fault-Tolerance Performance in Delay Tolerant Networks

Delay Tolerant Networks (DTNs) have attracted various interests these days. Since DTNs are subject to high loss rate, large delay, intermittent connection, and even no end-to-end connectivity, relay nodes, such as throwboxes, are deployed to enhance network performance. Internet-based systems have contemporaneous connectivity between location-distributed nodes, and this does not apply to DTNs. Thus, the traditional relay node deployment strategies are no longer suitable for DTNs. In this paper, we propose a novel strategy, named Connection-2 ($$CO_2$$CO2), to deploy throwboxes to enhance the fault tolerance of DTNs. $$CO_2$$CO2 constructs a 2-connected DTN using an approximation algorithm. Every mobile node in the 2-connected DTN can reach another mobile node via two or more node-disjoint paths within its mobility range. While enhancing fault tolerance, the number of throwboxes that $$CO_2$$CO2 requires is small. We conduct various experiments based on the simulation of the real Tuscaloosa bus transit system and compare its performance with two popular strategies. Experimental results show that $$CO_2$$CO2 is effective.
Characterization and performance analysis of Li-doped ZnO nanowire as a nano-sensor and nano-energy harvesting element

Abstract A complete investigation of the effect of Li doping on the physical, material, electromechanical and piezoelectric properties of ZnO nanowires (NWs) is presented. Low temperature hydrothermal growth technique is used to grow vertically aligned crystalline ZnO NWs doped with different concentrations of Li. Characterization techniques reveal considerable physical, material and electromechanical property modifications of the ZnO NWs due to the incorporation of Li dopants. Atomic Force Microscope is utilized to apply controlled amount of force on the fabricated NWs to assess their piezoelectric response. More than twenty two-fold improvement is observed in sensitivity due to the combined effect of modifications in NW geometry and piezoelectric properties with the addition of Li. Finite element method simulations were performed to decouple the individual effect of Li doping on the NW size and on the piezoelectric coefficient and to see how much each effect plays a role in the sensitivity improvement. It is estimated that the changes in the material and electromechanical properties alone are responsible for more than seven-fold improvement in the sensitivity. The impact of ‘kick-out’ diffusion mechanism of Li in ZnO is one of the major factors responsible behind this sensitivity improvement. It is also observed that there is an optimum level of Li doping concentration which can lead to the best piezoelectric performance by the ZnO NWs. The novelty of this work lies on the detailed analyses to illustrate the physics and impact of Li dopants in ZnO NW structures from a piezoelectric point of view towards improving their application as a nano-sensing and nano-energy harvesting element.
A classification and coding system for micro-assembly

This paper presents the development of a standard classification and coding system for micro-scale assembled devices that can link micro-assembly concepts and technologies to the attributes of the assembly components and their interrelationships that define the assembled device/product. The proposed system is based on an n-digit coding of both individual parts as well as the assembly. The coding scheme identifies a form code, a material code and a process code for both parts and the assembly and then partitions each into the relevant attributes. A specific example of coding of the parts of a miniature spin bearing has been considered to illustrate the applicability of the coding system.
Concurrent rewriting semantics and analysis of asynchronous digital circuits

Modern asynchronous digital circuits are highly concurrent systems composed largely of customized gates, and can be elegantly modeled using the language of production rules (PRs). One of the present limitations of the state of the art in asynchronous circuit design is that no formal executable semantics of asynchronous circuits has yet been given at the PR level. The primary contribution of this paper is to define, using rewriting logic and Maude, an executable formal semantics of asynchronous circuits at the PR level under three common timing assumptions. Our semantics provides a circuit designer with a PR-level circuit interpreter and with a decision procedure for checking key circuit properties, including hazard-freedom and deadlock-freedom. We describe several reductions and optimizations that can be used to reduce the state space of circuits in our formal semantics and investigate the impact of these reductions experimentally. The analysis scales up to circuits of over 100 PRs in spite of the high levels of concurrency involved.
Fibronectin and Other Cell Interactive Glycoproteins

Fibronectin, laminin, and other recently characterized noncollagenous extra-cellular proteins play important roles in many cell surface interactions. For example, fibronectin helps to mediate cell adhesion, embryonic cell migration, and wound healing, while laminin can promote processes as diverse as axonal outgrowth, maintenance of the polarized, differentiated phenotype of epithelial cells on a basement membrane, and metastasis. Each of these glycoproteins can participate in a variety of functions by using different specialized domains or peptide recognition sequences for binding to specific cell surface receptors, or to collagens, proteoglycans, or other extracellular molecules. In the decade since the first edition of this book, there has been remarkable progress in our understanding of the structures, domain organization, and biological roles of these multifunctional cell interactive proteins.
Steady-State Small Systems with Explicit Interactions

Having introduced explicit interactions into a number of equilibrium models of small systems in Chapter 6, we now extend this treatment to similar steady-state systems. The basic theoretical approach, however, has to be quite different: there is no steady-state analogue of the grand partition function from which to derive all of the important steady-state properties. Instead, we have to introduce interaction effects explicitly into the rate constants, and consequently into the rate equations that apply in each particular problem, and then solve the rate equations under steady-state conditions (dp i /dt = 0). We are thus led, mathematically, to the solution of a set of linear algebraic equations in the state probabilitiesp i . The related transient problem, which we do not consider here, would require the solution of the corresponding set of linear differential equations in thedp i /dt. This is easy to do, numerically, by computer.
Production and Measurement of Organic Particulate Matter in a Flow Tube Reactor

Organic particulate matter (PM) is increasingly recognized as important to the Earth's climate system as well as public health in urban regions, and the production of synthetic PM for laboratory studies have become a widespread necessity. Herein, experimental protocols demonstrate approaches to produce aerosolized organic PM by α-pinene ozonolysis in a flow tube reactor. Methods are described for measuring the size distributions and morphology of the aerosol particles. The video demonstrates basic operations of the flow tube reactor and related instrumentation. The first part of the video shows the procedure for preparing gas-phase reactants, ozonolysis, and production of organic PM. The second part of the video shows the procedures for determining the properties of the produced particle population. The particle number-diameter distributions show different stages of particle growth, namely condensation, coagulation, or a combination of both, depending on reaction conditions. The particle morphology is characterized by an aerosol particle mass analyzer (APM) and a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results confirm the existence of non-spherical particles that have grown from coagulation for specific reaction conditions. The experimental results also indicate that the flow tube reactor can be used to study the physical and chemical properties of organic PM for relatively high concentrations and short time frames.
Boston Harbor, Boston, Massachusetts, USA: Transformation from ‘the harbor of shame’ to a vibrant coastal resource

Abstract Boston Harbor, an urban harbor located in Massachusetts, USA, has a long history of use and environmental degradation, followed by extensive restoration efforts. The coastal resources of the region sustained native tribes for thousands of years prior to European settlement, and those resources sustained early settlers, allowing them to expand throughout the region. By the late 1600s, the city of Boston was the most influential shipping and trading city in the new colonies. Continuous growth of the region throughout the 18 t h and 19 t h centuries, however, strained those resources. Extensive areas of coastal wetlands were filled for urban development, resident wastewater was disposed of in the Harbor, and industrialization of the waterfront resulted in additional point source contamination. By the 1980s, Boston Harbor was considered among the most polluted harbors in the country. Extensive efforts in recent years, however, have restored the water quality in the Harbor and revitalized the waterfront region. Below we describe the socio-economic and ecological resources of the region, explore the current threats Boston Harbor faces, and highlight two examples of actions that helped restore the Harbor to its current conditions.
KRAS mutation as a predictor for cause-specific survival in early- versus late-onset colorectal cancer: A United States population-based study.

580Background: While the overall incidence rates for colorectal cancer (CRC) —the third leading cancer diagnosis in the U.S.—have been decreasing over the last several decades, incidence rates for ...
Clinical experience and correlates of ipilimumab 3 mg/kg with GM-CSF in advanced melanoma.

e20025 Background: The combination of ipilimumab (IPI) 10 mg/kg with GM-CSF (GM) demonstrated an improvement in overall survival and safety profile over IPI alone in a randomized phase II trial. No...
Role of the pancreas in the control of interdigestive gastrointestinal motility

Our aim was to determine if the pancreas regulates the interdigestive motor patterns of the upper gut. Four dogs were prepared with gastric and intestinal manometry catheters and interdigestive (fasting) motility was measured before and after total surgical pancreatectomy. The characteristics of the gastric and intestinal migrating motor complex were very similar before and after pancreatectomy. The time intervals between successive migrating motor complexes in the antrum (145 +/- 11 vs. 135 +/- 15 min, mean +/- SE) or small intestine (133 + 10 vs. 137 +/- 16 min) were not significantly (p greater than 0.4) altered by pancreatectomy, but the antral motility index (the sum of the antral contractions in a 15-min period) was greater after pancreatectomy (53 +/- 6 vs. 27 +/- 4; p less than 0.05). Pancreatectomy led to undetectable plasma concentrations of pancreatic polypeptide, but had no effect on absolute concentrations of plasma motilin or on the cycling of plasma motilin in association with the duodenal migrating motor complex. We conclude that the pancreas and pancreatic polypeptide play little, if any, role in controlling canine interdigestive motility of the upper gut.
Innovations in Infection Prevention and Treatment

Background: Patients with large, acute burn injuries are a major challenge for clinicians. The loss of skin barrier protection against micro-organisms combined with the induced immunosuppression after burn injury makes this population especially vulnerable to infection. For burn-injured patients who survive immediate management considerations and burn resuscitation after acute injury, sepsis remains the primary cause of death. The purpose of this article is to describe current strategies and innovations in burn sepsis prevention and management. Methods: This work reviews the current understanding of the systemic inflammatory response to burn injury and burn sepsis as well as current strategies in insolation and infection prevention, newer burn unit design strategies in the context of infection prevention, and novel therapies being considered in topical antimicrobial wound care management. Results: A review of burn sepsis is key to understanding current paradigms and innovation in burn management and prevention. Key management principles begin from the time of injury and persist throughout the patient's hospital course. This includes use of personal protective equipment, burn unit design considerations, and knowledge of critical care principles such as central venous catheter management strategies. Innovations on wound dressing types, forms, and use have been key to better controlling burn wound sepsis and improving wound healing. Products incorporating nanotechnology, novel anions, oxygen, and even light have been key to introducing previously unconsidered methods to fight or prevent infection. Conclusion: Understanding the pathophysiology and source identification of sepsis from burn wounds has been a key contributor in developing innovative prevention and therapeutic strategies in burn management. The emergence of drug-resistant pathogens and the difficulty of systemic antibiotic agents to reach poorly vascularized wounds have further reinforced the need to anticipate management strategies moving forward. A proactive, multidisciplinary approach is necessary to minimize the morbidity and mortality associated with infection control.
Exploring GPU acceleration of Deep Neural Networks using Block Circulant Matrices

Abstract Training a Deep Neural Network (DNN) is a significant computing task since it places high demands on computing resources and memory bandwidth. Many approaches have been proposed to compress the network, while maintaining high model accuracy, reducing the computational demands associated with large-scale DNN training. One attractive approach is to leverage Block Circulant Matrices (BCM), compressing the linear transformation layers, e.g., convolutional and fully-connected layers, that heavily rely on performing General Matrix Multiplications (GEMM). By using BCMs, we can reduce the weight storage for a linear transformation layer from O ( N 2 ) to O ( N ) . BCMs are also more efficient in terms of computational complexity, improving algorithmic complexity from O ( N 2 ) to O ( N log ( N ) ) . Previous work has only evaluated DNNs using BCMs targeting FPGAs for inference. There has been little prior work that considers the potential benefits of using BCMs for accelerating DNN training on GPUs. In this paper, we explore acceleration of DNNs using BCM on a state-of-the-art GPU. First, we identify the challenges posed by using BCMs. Next, we perform both general and GPU-specific optimizations that impact: (i) the decomposition and interaction of individual operations, and (ii) the overall GPU kernel design. We modify the algorithmic steps to remove redundant computations, while maintaining mathematical integrity. We also leverage multiple GPU kernel optimizations, considering performance factors, such as occupancy, data sharing/reuse patterns, and memory coalescing. We evaluate the performance of DNN training on an NVIDIA Tesla V100, providing insights into the benefits of our proposed kernel optimizations on a state-of-the-art GPU. Based on our results, we can achieve average speedups of 1.31 × and 2.79 × for the convolutional layers and fully-connected layers, respectively for AlexNet. We can also achieve average speedups of 1.33 × and 3.66 × for the convolutional layers and fully-connected layers, respectively for VGGNet-16.
Qualitative Review of Clinical Guidelines for Medical and Surgical Management of Urolithiasis: Consensus and Controversy 2020.

Purpose:Many major guidelines across the globe address the medical and surgical management of urolithiasis. We elected to compare and contrast the recommendations among the 5 most highly cited guid...
Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Visual and Physical Disability in a Nationally Representative Sample from the United States.

Purpose Outline the association between age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and functional difficulty using novel item response theory (IRT) psychometric techniques, and highlight populations particularly at risk of functional impairment. Methods This cross-sectional study included 5604 US adults. Primary outcomes were item response theory-adjusted visual and physical difficulty scores. Secondary analyses of AMD populations at highest risk of reporting greater functional difficulty were undertaken. Results In total, there were 386 participants with early AMD (mean presenting visual acuity [pVA], 0.12) and 55 with late AMD (mean pVA, 0.35). Those with late AMD reported substantially higher item visual difficulty, whereas those with both early/late AMD reported significantly higher item physical difficulty versus those with no AMD (P < .05). In univariate regression, only those with late AMD reported significantly higher visual difficulty versus those with no AMD (10.1 points [95% confidence interval (CI), 8.2-12.1 points] vs 7.1 points [95% CI, 7.0-7.2 points]; P = .003). Both early/late AMD reported higher physical difficulty versus those with no AMD (11.6 points [95% CI, 11.1-12.1 points; P = .005]; 13.4 points [95% CI, 11.8-15.0 points; P = .03], respectively, versus 11.0 points [95% CI, 10.9-11.1 points]. After adjustment for sociodemographic and medical variables (excluding pVA), only those with late AMD reported significantly greater visual and physical difficulty versus those with no AMD (10.0 points [95% CI, 8.2-11.9 points] vs 7.1 [95% CI, 7.0-7.2 points; P = .002]; and 12.7 points [95% CI, 11.3-14.0 points] vs 11.0 [95% CI, 10.9-11.1 points; P = .02], respectively); greater visual difficulty in those with late AMD persisted after additionally adjusting for pVA versus those with no AMD (9.1 points [95% CI, 7.6-10.6 points] vs 7.1 points [95% CI, 7.0-7.2 points; P = .01]). Among individuals with AMD, lower income, higher medical comorbidities, depression, and pVA predicted greater visual and physical difficulties. Conclusions AMD confers significant functional difficulty among US adults with sociodemographic characteristics influencing dysfunction; highlighting the value of alternatives to Snellen visual acuity in assessing visual characteristics. With aging populations and the increasing prevalence of AMD, health care professionals should be aware of the functional burden of AMD and recognize those at higher risk of functional difficulty. Translational Relevance Contemporary psychometric validation techniques can be effective in accurately describing the level of functional impairment for those with visual impairment.
PCSK9 Inhibiting Monoclonal Antibodies

Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), a component of dyslipidemia, is a modifiable risk factor for cerebrovascular disease including ischemic stroke and TIAs. The current guidelines recommend the use of lipid-lowering medications to reduce the risk of stroke among patients with ischemic stroke or TIA presumed to be of atherosclerotic origin. Statins, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors, in addition to healthy lifestyle modifications are a mainstay in the treatment of hyperlipidemia and stroke risk reduction. However, there are limitations to statins use. Some patients, despite being on maximum doses of high-intensity statins in conjunction with other lipid-lowering medications like ezetimibe, continue to have persistently elevated LDL-C levels, while a subset of patients is unable to tolerate statins due to their adverse effects, namely statin-induced myopathy. A relatively new class of monoclonal antibodies have been developed that inhibit proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), a protein involved in lipid metabolism, and can address therapeutic limitations in this subset of patients. A second class of drugs using small interfering RNA that lower PCSK9 are also currently under active investigation. This chapter will focus on PCSK9 inhibitors by discussing pharmacology, clinical trials with a focus on stroke outcomes, and clinical use in practice.
The Affordable Care Act and Religious Freedom: The Next Battleground

This article presents a comprehensive analysis of the Health and Human Services (HHS) Mandate, which is the controversial required insurance coverage for preventative and wellness services, which include all FDA approved contraceptives, sterilizations, and related patient education and counseling. Failure to provide this coverage will result in an employer penalty. Non-exempt religious employers/insurers contend that this Mandate requires them to violate their freedom of conscience or suffer a penalty. The article discusses the religious reaction to the Mandate and provides a thorough legal analysis of the constitutional issues. Based on the recent health care decision and the likelihood that the Supreme Court will apply strict scrutiny review as required by the Religious Freedom Reformation Act, the authors conclude that the HHS Mandate will not likely pass constitutional muster.
Comparison of associations of adherence to a Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH)-style diet with risks of cardiovascular disease and venous thromboembolism.

Summary. Background: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) share some risk factors, including obesity, but it is unclear how dietary patterns associated with reduced risk of CVD relate to risk of VTE. Objective: To compare the relationships of adherence to a Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH)-style diet with the risks of CVD and VTE. Patients/Methods: We confirmed by medical record review 1094 incident cases of CVD and 675 incident VTEs during a mean follow-up of 14.6 years in 34 827 initially healthy participants in the Women’s Health Study who completed at baseline a 133-item food frequency questionnaire scored for adherence to a DASH diet. We compared estimated associations of dietary patterns with CVD and VTE from proportional hazards models in a competing risk framework. Results: Initial analyses adjusted for age, energy intake and randomized treatments showed 36–41% reduced hazards of CVD among women in the top two quintiles of DASH score relative to those in the bottom quintile (Ptrend < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, women in the top two quintiles had 12–23% reduced hazards of CVD relative to women in the bottom quintile (Ptrend = 0.04). Analyses restricted to coronary events showed more variable 10–33% reduced hazards in the top two quintiles (Ptrend = 0.09). In contrast, higher DASH scores were unrelated to risk of VTE, with a 1% reduced hazard for the top vs. bottom quintile (Ptrend = 0.95). Conclusion: An apparently strong association of adherence to the DASH diet with incidence of CVD was attenuated upon control for confounding variables. Adherence to the DASH diet was not associated with risk of VTE in women.