cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Assessment of progressive changes in exercise performance in patients with a systemic right ventricle following the atrial switch repair

There is a high prevalence of right ventricular dysfunction and reduced exercise performance in survivors of atrial switch repair for transposition of the great arteries. However, it is not known whether the impairment in exercise performance is progressive. We performed paired comparison of exercise performance in 28 patients who underwent two serial incremental exercise tests at an interval of 5.0 ± 1.4 years between the two tests (age 11.5 ± 3.7 years at first test, 16.4 ± 3.6 years at second test). There was no change in the chronotropic response between the two tests. However, there was a reduction in both the peak VO2 (32.5 ± 8.3 vs 29.6 ± 5.7 ml/kg/min, p= 0.05) and anerobic threshold (22.1 ± 5.1 vs 18.3 ± 4.2 ml/kg/min, p < 0.01) with time. Furthermore, there was a decline in the O2 pulse (oxygen uptake/beat) at anaerobic threshold (% predicted value 95 ± 23% vs 82 ± 23%, p= .02), O2 pulse at a heart rate of 140 (% predicted value 100 ± 30% vs 85 ± 19%, p= 0.02), and the maximum O2 pulse (z value −0.27 ± 1.31 vs −1.27 ± 1.16, p < 0.01) when compared to growth-related normal values. We conclude that there is a progressive reduction in aerobic response to exercise in patients with a systemic right ventricle. The maintenance of chronotropic response suggests that the stroke volume response of the systemic right ventricle during exercise does not increase commensurate with somatic growth.
Use of a modified torsional Kolsky bar to study frictional slip resistance in rock-analog materials at coseismic slip rates

Abstract The knowledge of shear resistance in earth faults is of fundamental importance to our understanding of the magnitude of stress drop and the associated energy release during typical seismic rupture events. In the present study a modified torsional Kolsky bar is employed to investigate frictional slip resistance in rock-analog materials (i.e., quartz and soda lime glass) at normal stresses of relevance to earthquake physics (30–80 MPa) and co-seismic slip rates. The results indicate the coefficient of kinetic friction to be in the range of 0.2 to 0.3. These values of the coefficient of friction are much lower when compared to those obtained in rocks at quasi-static slip rates. In all experiments slip weakening is observed and is preceded by slip strengthening. The slip weakening is understood to be due to thermal weakening induced by flash-heating at asperity contacts and requires a few mm of slip to be effective; the slip strengthening is understood to be due to an increase in the real area of contact at the asperity junctions due to localized plastic flow and subsequent coalescence and solidification of local softened/melt patches at the slip interface.
(1E,2E)-1,2-Bis[(1-benzyloxymethyl-1H-indol-3-yl)methylidene]hydrazine.

The title compound, C34H30N4O2, lies on an inversion center and consists of two 3-substituted-1H-indole units linked by a 1,2-dimethyl­enehydrazine bridge. It is one of numerous examples in which two aromatic ring systems are joined by this 4-atom bridge. The geometry of the centrosymmetric bridge is: C(arom)—C = 1.444 (3), C=N = 1.284 (3), N—N = 1.414 (4) A, C(arom)—C=N = 122.6 (2) and C=N—N = 111.9 (2)°. The nine non-H atoms of the indole unit lie in a plane (δr.m.s. = 0.0089 A) which is twisted 6.0 (2)° with respect to the hydrazine bridge plane. The benzyl­oxymethyl substituents do not lie in the plane of the rest of the mol­ecule and are in a folded rather than an extended conformation. This is described by the three torsion angles in the middle of the C=N—C—O—CBz group, viz. 98.5 (3), −62.1 (3), and −66.3 (2)°.
Surgery of children with frontal lobe lesional epilepsy: neuropsychological study.

Aim of the study was to provide new data about the evolution of neuropsychological findings in patients with lesional frontal lobe epilepsy (FLE) operated on with lesion excision. Patients and methods Twelve patients with lesional FLE underwent full clinical examination including neurological, neuropsychological and developmental assessments, high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ictal and interictal prolonged EEG monitoring and evaluation of seizure semeiology before and after surgery. The mean follow-up duration was 2 years and 10 months (range = 14 months–7 years). Another group of lesional temporal lobe epilepsy, matched for the age at surgery and side of surgery, was likewise studied in order to compare neuropsychological patterns and to try to find out specific features in frontal lobe epilepsy evolution. Results All patients resulted seizure free at outcome except one belonging to Engel’s class II. Before surgery general intelligence was similar in FLE as well as in TLE group. Executive functions and motor coordination were frequently affected in FLE whereas patients with TLE often presented with deficits in naming, visual memory and visuo-spatial attention. After surgery there was a frequent decline of IQ in FLE group together with a slight deterioration, especially of executive functions in some patients. An improvement of behaviour was often observed in both groups. Conclusions As already reported in literature, neuropsychological pre-surgical data confirms the involvement of attention and executive functions in lesional FLE. No significant neuropsychological improvement was produced by surgery that determined in some cases a slight decline of general intelligence and specific frontal abilities. Yet, generally behaviour improved and seizures were controlled.
A home of her own: an analysis of asset ownership for non-married black and white women

Abstract Race and gender are strong predictors of asset ownership including home ownership, self-employment and interest, dividends and rental income. Yet, seldom have the two concepts been linked in the sociological literature on wealth and wealth inequality. Additionally, potentially important determinants such as business income have often times been excluded from the analyses despite findings suggesting that business income may be an important indicator for racial and minority groups who would otherwise be relegated to employment in low status jobs in the secondary labor market. Using data from the Census 2000 Supplementary Survey (C2SS), this study examines the following research questions: (1) Are their racial differences in the relative odds of home ownership for non-married black and white females? (2) What roles do business income and interest, dividends and rental income have on predicting the likelihood of home ownership for non-married black and white females? (3) Are the determinants of home ownership different for non-married black and white females? Significant racial differences in the likelihood of home ownership exists with regards to education and labor force participation, and business income and interest, dividends and rental income are significant indicators of home ownership for both non-married black and white females.
Spiral patterns in geophysics

Abstract Recent analyses of magnetic and ionospheric data, notably by A. P. Nikolski, have resulted in spiral “precipitation” patterns which lead the authors to claim support for Stormer's theory of the aurora. Although it may be possible to argue against these claims by attacking the methods of analysis and /or the Stormer theory itself, an entirely different approach is used in the paper presented here: an examination of pertinent points of Stormer's theory shows that the analytical spirals mentioned cannot be Stormer spirals and this conclusion holds regardless of the soundness of the analyses and, indeed, of the validity of Stormer's theory.
Electronic access to scientific nursing knowledge: The Virginia Henderson International Nursing Library

Objectives To inform oncology nurses about the electronic knowledge resources offered by the Sigma Theta Tau International Virginia Henderson International Nursing Library. Data Sources Published articles and research studies. Conclusions Clinical nursing research dissemination has been seriously affected by publication bias. The Virginia Henderson International Nursing Library has introduced both a new publishing paradigm for research and a new knowledge indexing strategy for improving electronic access to research knowledge (findings). Implications for Nursing Practice The ability of oncology nursing to evolve, as an evidence-based practice, is largely dependent on access to research findings.
Soil carbon and nitrogen dynamics as affected by long-term tillage and nitrogen fertilization

Quantifying seasonal dynamics of active soil C and N pools is important for understanding how production systems can be better managed to sustain long-term soil productivity especially in warm subhumid climates. Our objectives were to determine seasonal dynamics of inorganic soil N, potential C and N mineralization, soil microbial biomass C (SMBC), and the metabolic quotient of microbial biomass in continuous corn (Zea mays L.) under conventional (CT), moldboard (MB), chisel (CH), minimum tillage (MT), and no-tillage (NT) with low (45kgNha–1) and high (90kgNha–1) N fertilization. An Orelia sandy clay loam (fine-loamy, mixed, hyperthermic Typic Ochraqualf) in south Texas, United States, was sampled before corn planting in February, during pollination in May, and following harvest in July. Soil inorganic N, SMBC, and potential C and N mineralization were usually highest in soils under NT, whereas these characteristics were consistently lower throughout the growing season in soils receiving MB tillage. Nitrogen fertilization had little effect on soil inorganic N, SMBC, and potential C and N mineralization. The metabolic quotient of microbial biomass exhibited seasonal patterns inverse to that of SMBC. Seasonal changes in SMBC, inorganic N, and mineralizable C and N indicated the dependence of seasonal C and N dynamics on long-term substrate availability from crop residues. Long-term reduced tillage increased soil organic matter (SOM), SMBC, inorganic N, and labile C and N pools as compared with plowed systems and may be more sustainable over the long term. Seasonal changes in active soil C and N pools were affected more by tillage than by N fertilization in this subhumid climate.
Physico-chemical studies of the metabolic end-product of 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole in yeast

Abstract The first step in the metabolism of the phytotoxic compound, 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole in yeast is its linking with glucose to form an amine glucoside. This compound may then be phosphorylated by hexokinase and split by yeast aldolase. Isolation of the end-product of this metabolism has made possible the delineation of its physico-chemical properties and an interpretation of its molecular structure via infrared studies.
Automatic update of replicated topology data bases

In computer communication networks, routing is often accomplished by maintaining copies of the network topology and dynamic performance characteristics in various network nodes. The present paper describes an algorithm that allows complete flexibility in the placement of the topology information. In particular, we assume that an arbitrary subset of network nodes are capable of maintaining the topology. In this environment, protocols are defined to allow automatic updates to flow between these more capable nodes. In addition, protocols are defined to allow less capable nodes to report their topology data to the major nodes, and acquire route information from them.
Error Source Diagnostics Using a Turning Process Simulator

To improve productivity and quality in machining, it is necessary to understand the interactions among machine tool components and the outting process. This paper presents a model that characterizes interactions among the subsystems of a computer numerically controlled (CNC) lathe. The model is combined with a cutting force model to obtain a comprehen.vive turning simulator that simulates the cutting forces and part dimensions. A series of calibration experiments are proposed and implemented for process simulation. The simulation results are good when compared with experimental measurements. The interactions among the subunits of a CNC lathe and the cutting process are found to be potentially important.
Synthesis and characterization of porous TiO2 with wormhole-like framework structure

A fast and reliable synthetic route for preparing contaminant-free porous TiO2 with a wormhole-like framework and close packed macropores is demonstrated based on a sol-gel process involving acid hydrolysis of an alkoxide in the presence of a cationic surfactant. Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) measurements have been used to characterize the porous structure and the crystallinity. The XRD patterns, TEM and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images confirm that these materials have disordered wormhole-like topology with close-packed nearly hexagonal macropores. The mesopore diameters and surface area of titanium dioxide, evaluated from the N2-sorption isotherms, indicate average pore diameters of about 7 and 6 nm and surface areas of about 100 and 335 m2/g, for as-prepared and calcined samples at 400°C.
The dual effects of star scientist turnover on exploitation and exploration

How does the departure of star scientists affect exploration and exploitation in organizations? Whereas prior research has commonly viewed turnover as a potential source of knowledge expropriation ...
Chemical trail systems, orientation, and territorial interactions in the ant Lasius neoniger

Foraging and territoriality in the ant Lasius neonigerinvolves a series of trails which channel foragers away from adjacent colonies. Experimental studies suggest that the trails are composed of colony-specific, persistent orientation components of hindgut material that accumulate on trails during foraging. A less durable component of the hindgut trail pheromone regulates recruitment. Foraging directionality and the use of a trail could be modified by experimentally arranging confrontations with conspecifics. The orientation of foragers is mediated by visual as well as chemical cues. Components of the foraging and territorial system of L. neonigerappear to include (1) a network of subnests which change in position seasonally within each polydomous nest; (2) a series of trails emanating from each subnest that adjusts search toward resource patches and away from aggressive, neighboring conspecifics; and (3) trail communication involving an ephemeral component of the hindgut trail pheromone that regulates the organization of cooperative prey retrieval and a more persistent component that serves as an orientation guide.
Seasonal and spatial patterns of Penilia avirostris and three tunicate species in the southern Mid-Atlantic Bight

Abstract The cladoceran Penilia avirostris and three tunicate species, Oikopleura dioica, Dolioletta gegenbauri and Thalia democratica, form a mesozooplankton group which ingests a wide range of particles from pico- to micro- plankton, grows rapidly due to asexual reproduction, and thus can have major impacts on phytoplankton populations. These four zooplankton species were the most abundant tunicate and cladoceran species in a study where zooplankton were sampled biweekly at five stations across the inner continental shelf in the Mid-Atlantic Bight in 2005, 2006 and 2007. Vertical tows were taken at shallow stations and depth stratified vertical tows at stations >10 m. P. avirostris and O. dioica had highly predictable seasonal cycles with peak abundances in July and August. D. gegenbauri also was present during this time period if upwelling favorable winds were present, which implies cross shelf transport from source populations in slope waters and the Gulf Stream. T. democratica only appeared in pulses when southerly winds were increasing in strength. The co-occurrence P. avirostris and the tunicate species with abundant Synechococcus and heterotrophic nanoflagellates during highly stratified summer conditions provide potential connections to microbial food webs as well as grazing opportunities on event scale blooms of dinoflagellate and diatoms species present in the area.
Design and constructional features of a 275-kV special-duty transformer bank

The paper discusses the special features of a 275-kV bank of single phase transformers developed for use in a new research station for proving high-power circuit-breakers. After a review of the specification for the transformers, the basic design is dealt with in some detail. The abnormally low impedance, which is constant on all voltage ratios, was achieved by adopting ashell-type construction with interleaved windings; the special measuresused to produce this winding design for an insulation level of 1250 kV(full-wave impulse) are examined. Some of the manufacturing techniques are described, and, in particular, reference is made to radiography used as an inspection tool to check the totally shrouded windings. The drying and impregnating processes are discussed, and a typical log of relevant data is reproduced. Finally, impulse-voltage test results on sample windings and the finished transformers are examined.
Loss of β1-integrin from urothelium results in overactive bladder and incontinence in mice: a mechanosensory rather than structural phenotype

Bladder urothelium senses and communicates information about bladder fullness. However, the mechanoreceptors that respond to tissue stretch are poorly defined. Integrins are mechanotransducers in other tissues. Therefore, we eliminated β1-integrin selectively in urothelium of mice using Cre-LoxP targeted gene deletion. β1-Integrin localized to basal/intermediate urothelial cells by confocal microscopy. β1-Integrin conditional-knockout (β1-cKO) mice lacking urothelial β1-integrin exhibited down-regulation and mislocalization of α3- and α5-integrins by immunohistochemistry but, surprisingly, had normal morphology, permeability, and transepithelial resistance when compared with Cre-negative littermate controls. β1-cKO mice were incontinent, as judged by random urine leakage on filter paper (4-fold higher spotting, P<0.01; 2.5-fold higher urine area percentage, P<0.05). Urodynamic function assessed by cystometry revealed bladder overfilling with 80% longer intercontractile intervals (P<0.05) and detrusor hyperactivity (3-fold more prevoid contractions, P<0.05), but smooth muscle contractility remained intact. ATP secretion into the lumen was elevated (49 vs. 22 nM, P<0.05), indicating abnormal filling-induced purinergic signaling, and short-circuit currents (measured in Ussing chambers) revealed 2-fold higher stretch-activated ion channel conductances in response to hydrostatic pressure of 1 cmH2O (P<0.05). We conclude that loss of integrin signaling from urothelium results in incontinence and overactive bladder due to abnormal mechanotransduction; more broadly, our findings indicate that urothelium itself directly modulates voiding.
The 6Li(K−, π+)Σ6H reaction and narrow Σ states

Abstract Small-angle cross sections are calculated for 6Li(K−, π+)Σ6H at 720 MeV/c, in order to intepret the data of the preceding paper. Due to the spin-isospin selectivity of ΣN → ΛN conversion, the substitution 1sN → 1sΣ leads to a narrow resonance high in the Σ continuum. Further tests of selectivity with 3,4He targets are suggested. The energy shifts of Σ states which arise from the spin-isospin dependence of the ΣN interaction are discussed.
An f1 mutant with reduced sensitivity to P1 restriction.

Abstract An f1 mutant with reduced sensitivity to P1 restriction has been isolated. By a series of four point crosses, the mutation has been mapped relative to other known f1 markers.
A person-centered, longitudinal approach to sexual victimization

Objective: Little research has drawn attention to distinct patterns of sexual victimization across time, although previous findings strongly indicate heterogeneity. Using longitudinal data, we tested a series of latent class growth models in an attempt to find meaningful patterns of sexual victimization frequency among female college students. Method: A sample of women (n = 1,580) answered questions at 5 time points concerning their childhood, adolescent, and collegiate sexual experiences. Latent class growth analysis was used with frequencies of sexual victimization at each of the 5 time points as indicators. Results: A 4-class model was selected on the basis of its fit to the data and its interpretability. The 4 classes are interpreted as low/none, moderate-increasing, decreasing, and high-increasing trajectories of sexual victimization. Negative childhood experiences—childhood sexual abuse, witnessing domestic violence, and parental physical punishment—partially explained latent trajectory membership. Conclusion: Possible implications of this research include the development of more specialized primary, secondary, and tertiary sexual assault prevention programs based on the victimization trajectories indicated by these analyses.
Trace level determination of substance P using capillary electrophoresis and laser-induced fluorescence

An analytical method was developed to determine the undecapetide substance P (SP) based on capillary electrophoresis (CE) with laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) detection. SP was derivatized with the fluorogenic reagent 2,3-naphthalenedicarboxaldehyde (NDA) prior to injection into the CE-LIF system. The pre-column derivatization scheme combined with injection enhancement techniques extends the detectability of SP to the subnanomolar level. Limit of detection (LOD) of 100 pM was achieved without pre-concentrating the sample prior to injection. The reproducibility for six different preparations of a standard sample containing 5 nM of SP was 6.8% RSD and that of the CE migration time was 0.08% RSD. The method was used to determine SP in a saliva sample.
Surface-induced dissociation of peptides and protein complexes in a quadrupole/time-of-flight mass spectrometer.

A novel in-line surface-induced dissociation (SID) device was designed and implemented in a commercial QTOF instrument (Waters/Micromass QTOF II). This new setup allows efficient SID for a broad range of molecules. It also allows direct comparison with conventional collision-induced dissociation (CID) on the same instrument, taking advantage of the characteristics of QTOF instrumentation, including extended mass range, improved sensitivity, and better resolution compared with quadrupole analyzers and ion traps. Various peptides and a noncovalent protein complex have been electrosprayed and analyzed with the new SID setup. Here we present SID of leucine enkephalin, fibrinopeptide A, melittin, insulin chain-B, and a noncovalent protein complex from wheat, heat shock protein 16.9. The SID spectra were also compared to CID spectra. With the SID setup installed, ion transmission proved to be efficient. SID fragmentation patterns of peptides are, in general, similar to CID, with differences in the relative inte...
In vitro assay of spontaneous cytotoxicity by human monocytes and macrophages against tumor cells.

Abstract The [3H] proline microcytotoxicity technique has been adopted to examine the spontaneous cytotoxic property of human circulating monocytes (M) derived from the peripheral blood and resident monocytes/macrophages (Mo) derived from effusion fluids. A leukocyte fraction is obtained by centrifugation in Ficoll-Hypaque (F-H) gradient. M are then isolated as adherent cells following incubation of the leukocyte fraction in plastic flasks containing 50% fetal calf serum (FCS) in culture medium. Mo are isolated from effusion fluids after first separating the Fc receptor bearing cells (as Fc receptor-7S EA resettes) in F-H gradient and then enriching them as adherent cells. The above techniques yield a M/Mo population of some 90–98% purity. The M/Mo non-selectively lyse tumor cells and allogeneic normal fibroblasts in the 48 h [3H] proline assay. The fibroblasts, however, exhibit considerable resistance to lysis, particularly at lower effector to target ratios. While appreciable levels of cytotoxicity are observed with resident Mo at 6 h, followed by a further increase in the level of cytotoxicity at 24–48 h, circulating M exhibit a consistent level of cytotoxicity only at 24–48 h. When circulating M and resident Mo from the same donor are examined concurrently for cytotoxicity, resident Mo are consistently found to show significantly higher levels of cytotoxicity when compared to circulating M. This may reflect a true functional heterogeneity within this lineage of effector cells or some degree of in vivo activation of resident Mo in malignant and non-malignant effusion fluids. Further studies of spontaneous cytotoxicity by M/Mo through CMC assay techniques, such as the [3H] proline microtoxicity technique, will be useful in the examination of the role of M/Mo in cell mediated immunity and immunosurveillance against cancer.
A shock tube study of the reactions of CN and NCO with NO2

The total rate coefficients for the reactions C N + N O 2 → p r o d u c t s (1) N C O + N O 2 → p r o d u c t s (2)were measured at temperatures between 1000 and 1600 K and pressures near 1.4 atm in a shock tube. Narrow-line laser absorption was utilized to record time histories of CN and NCO radicals in C2N2/NO2/Ar laser photolysis experiments. In the experiment, CN production is nearly instantaneous via photolysis of C2N2; production of NCO radicals follows from the main product channel of reaction (1). A least-squares fit to the results for reaction (1) is given by the expression k 1 = 1.59 × 10 13 exp ⁡ ( 570 / T [ K ] ) c m 3 m o l − 1 s − 1 with corresponding uncertainty factors of f=0.91 and F=1.09 at the low-temperature extreme; f=0.84 and F=1.17 result at the high-temperature extreme. The uncertainty factors give the limiting values of the rate coefficient: kmin=fkbest fit, {itkmax=Fkbest fit. The rate coefficient of reaction (2) was measured as k2=4.5×1012 cm3 mol−1 s−1 (f=0.75, F=1.27) for temperatures near 1250 K. Incorporating the data from the present study with the results from lower-temperature studies gives the following empirical expressions for the total rate coefficients valid for temperatures ranging from 300 to 1600 K: k 1 = 6.16 × 10 15 T [ K ] − 0.752 exp ⁡ ( − 173 / T [ K ] c m 3 m o l − 1 s − 1 k 2 = 3.25 × 10 12 exp ⁡ ( 356 / T [ K ] ) c m 3 m o l − 1 s − 1 .
Early estrogen treatment alone causes female zebra finches to produce learned, male-like vocalizations.

The male zebra finch produces learned song and long calls while the female does not. This difference in behavior is believed to result from the action of sex steroids on brain areas responsible for vocal production and learning. In this study, the female zebra finch was used to explore further the specific role sex steroids play in vocal masculinization. We show that estradiol (E2) treatment at birth was sufficient to masculinize the vocal behavior of female zebra finches. Thirteen of 18 females treated with E2 as nestlings produced song-like vocalizations. Fifteen of 18 produced long calls with male-typical features. The degree of masculinization varied between individuals. Of the 15 early E2 females that produced at least one type of male-like vocalization, 7 showed evidence of vocal learning from their tutors. The ability of E2 to cause masculinization of vocal behavior was age dependent: treatment from birth was most effective, treatment at 20 days of age was partially effective, and treatment in adulthood was ineffective. The effect of subsequent testosterone exposure in adulthood differed depending on the quality of the vocalization produced after E2 treatment alone. These results suggest that E2 may play a more important role than previously thought in the development of sex differences in vocal behavior. Further-more, this study demonstrates that exogenous E2 treatment alone can induce vocal learning.
Factors affecting the kinematic interpretation of asymmetric boudinage in shear zones

Abstract Based on work along a major mylonite zone in the northern Appalachians and scale model studies, a new mechanism for the origin of asymmetric boudins in shear zones is proposed. Along the Honey Hill Fault in southern Connecticut, granitic sills intruded into calc-silicate gneisses and schists were oblique to the boundaries of the mylonite zone and experienced the following sequence in the production of sigmoidal boudins: (1) as the calc-silicate schists experienced mylonitization and flow, the more competent, coarse-grained granitic sills deformed by extensional fracturing and quartz veining; (2) continued extension of granitic sills was accommodated by ‘normal’ shear on early-formed quartz veins; (3) continuing extension of sills and ductile modification of the corners of boudins resulted in granitic ‘fish’ with tails which stream from the top of the boudin in the ‘down-dip’ direction and from the bottom in the ‘up-dip’ direction. Based on a variety of kinematic indicators, the sense of asymmetry of the tails is identical to that expected for recrystallization tails on sheared augen (σ structure). Models composed of silicone putty and Plasticine were created to investigate the effect of pre-shearing geometry on boudin evolution, and were deformed in a simple shear device. The models reproduce the kinematics deduced from field relations and suggest that one of the primary factors in controlling the amount of extension is the angle which early veins make with the shear zone boundary. Varying the angular relationships in the models suggests that other pre-shearing geometric factors may affect the geometry of boudins formed in this way. Boudins formed through this mechanism appear very similar to Hanmer's type II asymmetric boudins. Because the pre-shearing geometry can exert a control on boudin asymmetry, caution should be used when attempting to deduce shear sense or shear strain values from asymmetric boudinage.
Measurement of conduction-electron spin relaxation due to rare gases physisorbed on a lithium surface.

The conduction-electron spin-scattering cross sections of krypton and xenon atoms adsorbed on a lithium surface were determined by measurement of the conduction-electron spin-resonance linewidth of lithium films as a function of rare-gas coverage. The results indicate that there is a large pileup of conduction-electron density deep within the rare-gas adsorbate core, in agreement with current theoretical calculations of the electronic structure of rare-gas-on-metal systems.
Ibrahim M. Abu-Rabi (1956-2011): a reflection

(First paragraph) Abu-Rabi was a child of the world. He was a Palestinian born in Nazareth in 1956; he was educated at Roman Catholic schools on the West Bank. He obtained his Bachelor's degree from Birzeit University in 1980. He then moved to the United States, getting a Masters of Arts degree in political science from the University of Cincinnati in 1982. And then he went to Temple University in Pennsylvania for a further Master's degree in religious studies. He remained at Temple University for his PhD studies. He obtained his doctorate in Islamic Studies in 1987 where he worked with Dr. Leonard Swidler. He held both Israeli and US passports; he worked with Christians, Jews, and Muslims. He spoke a multitude of languages - Arabic, English, Hebrew, Urdu, and, at the time of his death, was working on Turkish. Among his many honors, he was appointed in 2006 the Senior Fulbright Scholar in Singapore and Indonesia at the Institute of Defence and Strategic Studies at Nanyang Technological University in Singapore.
A Tribute to Dr. Debora Liddell

The co-editors of the Journal of College and Character thank Dr. Debora Liddell for her many contributions to the JCC over the past 8 years. Dr. Liddell's regular column, New Scholars and Scholarship, highlighted the work of emerging scholars. Debora initiated this column, and her regular interviews provided a personal introduction for many new scholars and helped to disseminate their ideas and research to the broader profession. Liddell has been the longest editorial contributor to the JCC, and we are most grateful for her valuable leadership and scholarly contributions over the past decade.
Determination of chemically reduced pyrrolobenzodiazepine SJG-136 in human plasma by HPLC-MS/MS : application to an anticancer phase I dose escalation study

SJG-136 1,1'-[[(propane-1,3-diyl)dioxy]bis[(11aS)-7-methoxy-2-methylidene-1,2,3,11a-tetrahydro-5H-pyr- rolo[2,1-c][1,4]benzodiazepin-5-one]] (NSC 694501), is a bifunctional pyrrolobenzodiazepine (PBD) dimer that forms selective, irreversible, interstrand DNA cross-links via exocyclic N2 atoms of two guanine bases, with a preference for 5'PuGATCPy binding sites. SJG-136 is highly cytotoxic in human tumor cells in vitro and in human tumor xenograft models in vivo at subnanomolar concentrations and is currently in anticancer phase I clinical trials in the United Kingdom and United States. To support correlative pharmacokinetics studies, a highly sensitive HPLC-MS/MS assay was developed and validated for the reliable quantitation of SJG-136 in human plasma, using the structurally similar PBD dimer DSB-120 as an internal standard. Chemical reduction of SJG-136 to its corresponding amine (SJG-136-H(4), [M + H](+)m/z 561) improved HPLC peak resolution and sensitivity by minimizing complications that arose from the reactivity of the labile imine moieties. Plasma samples were processed by protein precipitation and centrifugal membrane dialysis; components were separated by HPLC using an Agilent Rapid Resolution HT 1.8 mm (2.1 mm x 50 mm) analytical column. The total analysis time from injection to injection was 11 min. Electrospray MS/MS detection of SJG-136-H(4) was based on the selected reaction monitoring (SRM) transition [M + H](+)m/z 561 --> 301. The analytical response ratio was linearly proportional to the plasma concentration of SJG-136 over the nominal concentration range of 25 pg/ml to 250 ng/ml, with a coefficient of determination of r > or = 0.999. The intrarun absolute %RE was or = 62% across the validated concentration range. The sensitivity of the validated assay was sufficient to detect SJG-136 in human subjects for up to 6 h after intravenous administration of 6 microg/m(2), the starting dose of an NCI-sponsored dose escalation study.
A volume of fluid method based ghost fluid method for compressible multi-fluid flows

Abstract A ghost fluid method for compressible multi-fluid flows is presented in an adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) environment, where the volume of fluid method is used to track the interface. Various numerical examples are presented to compare the proposed method with interface capturing methods using pressure–temperature equilibrium and non-equilibrium temperature mixed cell approaches. It is found both mixing models are unable to generate accurate results for strong shock refractions through high acoustic impedance mismatch interfaces. The proposed method is found to be quite robust and can provide relatively reasonable results across a wide variety of flow regimes. The ghost fluid coupling between the fluid solver and the volume of fluid method is designed to be simple and consistent in any spatial dimension on AMR grid.
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease in the United States and, indeed, worldwide. It has become a global public health issue. In the United States, the prevalence in the general population is estimated at ∼20%, while that in the morbidly obese population at ∼75-92% and in the pediatric population at ∼13–14%. The progressive form of NAFLD, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, is estimated at ∼3–5%, with ∼3–5% of these having progressed to cirrhosis. Thus, the numbers of individuals at risk for end-stage liver disease and development of primary liver cancer is large. NAFLD is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease, leads to increased all-cause mortality, and to increased liver-related mortality. This review focuses on recent advances in our understanding of the NAFLD disease spectrum, including etiology, diagnosis, treatment, and genetic and environmental risk factors and suggests future directions for research in this important area.
Systematic defect management by design aware inspection

As electronic users demand smaller form factor of devices that can pack more functionality, Semiconductor industry has been marching towards smaller design rules. With the advancement in newer design nodes such as 32nm and beyond, additional challenges are being faced by the Fabs developing the process technologies. These challenges are often difficult to solve using traditional approaches and therefore novel techniques must be implemented to address the challenges accordingly. In the area of wafer inspection, the traditional approach of simply using wafer level data alone is no longer sufficient. Some specific challenges regarding systematic defects that the Fabs are facing today are discussed in this paper along with several approaches that can help meet the challenges. These new approaches can help to take the wafer inspection to the next level in order to detect and identify key yield deterrents that limit reaching yield entitlement in a timely manner.
INVESTMENT AND EMPLOYMENT DYNAMICS IN THE SHORT RUN AND THE LONG RUN

A firm's stochastic dynamic investment and employment decisions are examined when each of capital and labor has linear adjustment costs of increase and decrease. The analysis generates an endogenous ranking of the two factors as more or less flexible; thus the concepts of short and long runs are endogenized. Qualitative characteristics of the dynamics of the two factors are described. Adjustment of the more flexible factor can occur on its own, but that of the less flexible factor occurs less frequently and only in conjunction with a complementary adjustment of the more flexible factor.
Saving America's wildlife

Through an account of evolving ideas about wolves and coyotes, Thomas Dunlap shows how American attitudes toward animals have changed.
Schutz der Haarzellen vor Gentamicin-vermittelter Ototoxizität durch CEP-11 004, ein Inhibitor der Januskinase Signaltransduktionskaskade

The hair cells (HCs) are the most vulnerable elements in the cochlea and damage to them is the most common cause of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). Understanding the intracellular events that lead to the death of HCs is a key to developing protective strategies. Recently, it has been shown that the c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway is activated in HCs in response to aminoglycosides and CEP-1347, an inhibitor of the JNK signaling pathway protected HCs from ototoxicity. We have studied another inhibitor (CEP-11 004) of this signaling pathway in its ability to protect HCs from aminoglycoside ototoxicity in vitro. Organ of Corti explants from p5 rat basal turns were maintained in tissue culture and treated with CEP-11 004 for 12 hours. They were then treated with CEP-11 004 plus gentamicin for 72 hours. Significantly less HC death was observed compared to gentamicin alone. CEP-11 004 alone had no effect on HCs. We conclude that the JNK signaling pathway plays a role in aminoglycoside ototoxicity signaling.
Some sampling properties of selectively neutral alleles:Effects of variability of mutation rates

Some sampling properties related with the mean and variance of the number of alleles and single locus heterozygosity are derived to study the effect of variations in mutation rate of selectively neutral alleles. The correlation between single locus heterozygosity and the number of alleles is also derived. Monte Carlo simulation is conducted to examine the effect of stepwise mutations. The relevance of these results in estimating the population parameter, 4 N e ν, is discussed in connexion with neutralist-selectionist controversy over the maintenance of genetic variability in natural populations.
Paul Sérusier: Art and Theosophy

The art of Paul Serusier and that of his artist friends has been interpreted in this essay as having its roots in the Theosophical themes prevalent in an interdependent circle of authors and spiritualists in 18th and 19th century France. These mystical thinkers were less concerned with the writings and indomitable presence of the acknowledged leading light of Theosophy Helena Petrovna Blavatsky than with a more specifically French national yearning for its imagined Celtic and traditionally Roman Catholic roots, smothered, in their view, by secular and materialistic modern sensibilities. Theosophy, “the essence of all doctrines, the inmost truth of all religions” as defined by the doyenne of French Theosophy Maria, Countess of Caithness and Duchess of Medina-Pomar, led Serusier to seek elemental truth for his art in a remote inland village in Brittany where he painted for many years, to a Benedictine monastery on the Danube where formerly Nazarene artist/monks had created a system of drawing and painting believed to be based on the original design of the universe, and to the widely read text Les Grands Inities (1899) by the mystic writer, Edouard Schure. Serusier's broad-reaching search for the Theosophical roots of art was one aspect of the fin de siecle malaise that led the arts out of the world into dreams.
TORP Ossiculoplasty Outcomes with and without a Stapes Footplate Prosthesis

ObjectiveThe titanium stapes footplate prosthesis (FPP) was designed to ensure a stable connection of a total ossicular replacement prosthesis (TORP) to the stapes footplate and maximize acoustic coupling by centering the footplate on the oval window. Our goal was to assess the impact of the FPP on TORP ossiculoplasty outcomes.Study DesignCase series with chart review.SettingTertiary care center.SubjectsAdult patients undergoing TORP ossiculoplasty with (n = 53) or without (n = 108) a stapes FPP.MethodsRate of prosthesis displacement and audiologic outcomes were tabulated for statistical analysis.ResultsA lower rate of prosthesis displacement and statistically better audiologic outcomes were seen in FPP patients. The pure-tone average air-bone gap (PTA-ABG) was closed to <20 dB in 69.8% (37/53) of patients in the study arm and 44.4% (48/108) of patients in the control arm (P = .003). The PTA-ABG was decreased by a mean ± SD of 19.3 ± 11.7 dB and 12.6 ± 11.0 dB in the study and control groups, respectively...
Health Sciences Resource Selection Guides: A Comparative Review

Hospital librarians have to make hard collection development decisions. What is the history and derivation of four current selection guides? How do they compare in authority, format, purpose, intended audience, scope, arrangement, special features, currency, and cost? This review brings all of this together in one place and makes suggestions for hospital librarians.
Efficient Modeling of Embedded Systems Using Computer-Aided Recoding

The design of embedded computing systems faces a serious productivity gap due to the increasing complexity of their hardware and software components. One solution to address this problem is the modeling at higher levels of abstraction. However, writing proper executable system models is challenging, error-prone, and very time-consuming.
Performance of Acoustic Charge Transport Chirp Filters

The measured performance of acoustic charge transport (ACT) based linear FM dispersive delay line filters is presented and compared to modelled performance. The excellent agreement between the theoretically predicted device performance and the measured results shows clearly that anodization of the nondestructive sensing array is an effective means for achieving weighted ACT filter responses.
From DSM technologies to DSM programs: Issues in demand-side planning for electric utilities

Abstract We argue that it is more appropriate to compare demand-side management (DSM) programs, rather than DSM technologies, with supply resources in electric utility integrated planning. To accomplish this, DSM technologies must be identified and screened for appropriateness in a given service territory. Then, the technologies must be converted into DSM programs and screened again for cost-effectiveness. The discussion of important features of this process in this paper is illustrated by the experiences of U.S. electric utilities. We conclude that not enough is known about 1. (1) mechanisms for effectively converting DSM technologies into DSM programs and 2. (2) the trade-offs between DSM program costs incurred by utilities and customer-participation rates.
An online adaptive neuro-fuzzy power system stabilizer for multimachine systems

A fuzzy-logic-based adaptive power system stabilizer (PSS) is proposed in this paper. The parameters of the fuzzy-logic-based PSS are tuned by neural networks online. The system is divided into two subsystems, a recursive least square identifier with a variable forgetting factor for the generator and a fuzzy-logic-based adaptive controller to damp oscillations. The effectiveness of the proposed PSS in increasing the damping of local and inter-area modes of oscillation is demonstrated in a one-machine-infinite-bus system; a two-area, 4-machine, 13-bus system, and a 16-machine, 68-bus system.
Effects of L-dopa and L-tyrosine on adrenergic transmission in the canine saphenous vein.

The effects of L-dopa, and L-tyrosine on norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine (DA) content and overflow from adrenergically innervated canine saphenous veins were determined. L-Dopa treatment resulted in large increases in concentration of DA in tissue, and caused significant amounts of DA to overflow into the superfusate both under basal conditions and during electrical stimulation. The DA did not appear to be of vesicular origin, since DA concentrations in superfusate were not altered by removing Ca2+ from the medium. The increased amounts of DA in the junctional cleft did not appear to activate prejunctional dopaminergic or a-adrenergic receptors, since endogenous NE overflow in treated veins was not lower than that observed in untreated veins. Evoked tension responses were also not changed in L-dopa-treated veins indicating that DA did not activate post- synaptic a- or P-adrenergic receptors. Treatment with L-dopa, but not with L-tyrosine, caused small increases in tissue content of NE. Treatment with 5 x 10-5M L-dopa or 5 X 10-4M L-tyrosine attenuated the decrease in NE overflow which was found consistently in untreated veins. However, factors other than lack of precursor must have been responsible for the decrease in NE overflow, since release of NE (measured in the presence of blockers of neuronal and extraneuronal uptakes) did not decrease upon repeated nerve stimulations. L-Dopa is used widely to treat patients with Parkinson's disease (1 -3). Patients only very rarely develop hypertension during L-dopa therapy, although L-dopa is a precursor of L-norepinephrine (L-NE), a potent vasoconstrictor substance. Par- adoxically, hypotension is a rather fre- quent side effect seen during L-dopa treat- ment (1, 2). The hypotensive effects of L- dopa treatment are thought to be mediated by central mechanisms (4), but as pointed out by Westfall (3, effects at the level of the peripheral adrene rgic nerve terminal have not yet been studied and may contrib- ute to the vasodilator effects of L-dopa. In the present experiments we have studied the effects of L-dopa on basal and evoked release of catecholamines at a peripheral neuroeffector junction. The con- centration of L-dopa that was used (10 pg/ml, 5 x M) was one that approxi-