cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Continuum Model for Progressive Cracking and Identification of Nonlinear Fracture Parameters

Fracture of concrete as well as other materials such as rocks or sea ice is preceded by progressive distributed cracking. On the macroscale, this behavior calls for a continuum model, and the crack tip blunting due to distributed cracking necessitates a nonlinear fracture mechanics approach.
Two-color two-dimensional Fourier transform spectroscopy of energy transfer

We report two-color 2D electronic spectra obtained using a diffractive-optics based approach. We employ the two color method to study a simple system consisting of a donor/acceptor pair exhibiting fluorescence resonance energy transfer.
Concurrent Validity of Depth-Sensing Cameras for Noncontact ACL Injury Screening During Side-Cut Maneuvers in Adolescent Athletes: A Preliminary Study.

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is one of the most common knee injuries among adolescent athletes. Majority of the ACL injuries occur due to pivoting, sudden deceleration, and direction change without contact with any player. Preventive interventions can reduce risks of the ACL injury, thus developing a clinician friendly biomechanical assessment tool to identify athletes with such risk factors is crucial. In this study, the authors investigated the concurrent validity of a commercially available depth sensor, Microsoft Kinect, as a cost-effective alternative to the gold-standard 3-dimensional motion analysis systems in noncontact ACL screening for adolescent athletes during side-cut maneuvers. Study participants performed 45° side-cut maneuvers while collecting data from both systems concurrently. The sagittal and frontal plane kinematics were analyzed during the full stance phase and the first 20% of the stance (early deceleration). Absolute agreement (range: ICC = .767–.989) and consistency (ra...
The Theory of Stress/Strain Analysis with Diffraction

Stress/strain analysis techniques that utilize x-ray or neutron diffraction are widely used for nondestructive testing and evaluation. In this article the basic formalism of this analysis is reviewed and its application to various classes of materials is discussed.
Prevailing Torque Locking in Threaded Fasteners

This paper presents analyses of prevailing torque locking features common in locknuts, inserts and bolts. Existing manufacturing specifications for these components quantify required minimum and maximum locking torque values for a wide range of thread sizes. The self-loosening moment inherent to threaded fasteners and dependent on joint preload and thread pitch is computed and compared to the specification locking torque values. The self-loosening moment alone, i.e., not including loosening from external loads, is found to exceed the minimum locking torque manufacturing specification values for all fastener sizes at typical preload and for some large thread sizes is found to exceed the maximum locking torque specification. Calculations are provided for SAE and AN fasteners. Sample prevailing torque measurements from locknuts are presented which are well above the minimum specification. Analysis for the loosening moment from an external axial load is developed and presented with example calculations. Fastener locking requirements are defined.
Comparison of X-Band Sar and Coamps Model Wind Fields and Other Air-Sea Interaction Parameters in Monterey Bay

The objective of this work is to better understand the air-sea interactions in coastal areas by developing an improved coastal synthetic aperture radar (SAR) wind retrieval algorithm. During the Coastal Land Air-Sea Interaction (CLASI) field experiment in June, 2016, X-band COSMO-SkyMed SAR images were acquired over Monterey Bay, CA. Wind fields were derived from these images using the Mouche X-band SAR wind retrieval algorithm and compared to the wind fields from the corresponding Coupled Ocean/Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS) model outputs. Additional data from coastal tower measurements and other relevant sources are utilized to gain insight on a specific feature present in the SAR images, in addition to quantifying temporal and spatial surface roughness scales near the Monterey Bay coastline.
TEN-YEAR POPULATION TRENDS IN STATIN THERAPY FOR SECONDARY PREVENTION: USE, ADHERENCE, COST, AND OUTCOMES

Changes in practice guidelines and the widespread availability of generic statins warrant an assessment of the use, adherence, and outcomes associated with statins over the past decade, particularly for patients with ASCVD but no history of MI. Using the OptumLabs data including patients of all
Changes in glycosylation patterns of monoterpenes during grape berry maturation in six cultivars of Vitis vinifera.

Plants conjugate monoterpenoids to sugars, rendering them non-volatile. Hydrolysis of these glycosidic precursors frees the volatile aroma compounds. Here, we profile intact monoterpenyl glycosides in six Vitis vinifera grape berry cultivars. Relative concentrations of twenty-six monoterpenyl glycosides, including nine new putatively identified compounds, were analyzed by UHPLC-QTOF MS/MS at three times during grape maturation (pre-veraison, veraison, and post-veraison). Total glycoside content reached a maximum in Muscat cultivars post-veraison but remained relatively constant in all other cultivars. Three types of monoterpenyl glycosides predominated in all samples: malonylated monoterpenol glucosides, monoterpenol hexose-pentoses, and monoterpendiol hexose-pentoses. The two Muscat cultivars were not differentiated at the earlier developmental stages but could be differentiated post-veraison. In contrast, similarities between Chardonnay and Pinot noir glycoside profiles developed post-veraison. Overall monoterpene glycoconjugation patterns may align with underlying genetic relationships among cultivars. By understanding monoterpene glycoconjugation in wine grapes, scientists and winemakers can better understand grape and wine aromas.
An automatic skateboarder detection method with roadside LiDAR data

The increasing conflicts between skateboarders and pedestrians on the campuses have caused safety concerns. Although traffic planners on campus usually did not consider skateboarding into planning ...
Ode à un Dieu agonisant : l’abaissement des symboles chrétiens dans le métal extrême

Que le milieu du metal extreme cultive des liens conflictuels avec la religion n’a rien de nouveau. Toutefois, l’engagement du metal extreme avec « Dieu » est eminemment complexe en ce sens qu’il va bien au-dela du simple concept de derision, de dedain ou de satyre. A travers une analyse approfondie de l’album Monotheist de Celtic Frost, et de la compilation Through the Cervix of Hawaah / λόγος d’Antediluvian, le present article explore l’engagement souvent reflechi et sincere, mais critique, qu’entretient le metal extreme avec Dieu et la religion, et ce, par l’entremise d’une voix tres particuliere que nous percevons dans la philosophie metal-extremiste. Adoptant la forme d’une deconstruction de la mythologie chretienne, cette voix emprunte des aspects paradoxaux du religieux — ou les aspects etiologiques d’un mythe sont mines, non pas par une analyse raisonnee, mais par la repetition inversee de recits bibliques et mythologiques.
Microfluidic SlipChip device for multistep multiplexed biochemistry on a nanoliter scale

We have developed a multistep microfluidic device that expands the current SlipChip capabilities by enabling multiple steps of droplet merging and multiplexing. Harnessing the interfacial energy between carrier and sample phases, this manually operated device accurately meters nanoliter volumes of reagents and transfers them into on-device reaction wells. Judiciously shaped microfeatures and surface-energy traps merge droplets in a parallel fashion. Wells can be tuned for different volumetric capacities and reagent types, including for pre-spotted reagents that allow for unique identification of original well contents even after their contents are pooled. We demonstrate the functionality of the multistep SlipChip by performing RNA transcript barcoding on-device for synthetic spiked-in standards and for biologically derived samples. This technology is a good candidate for a wide range of biological applications that require multiplexing of multistep reactions in nanoliter volumes, including single-cell analyses.
A systematic review of the impact of antifungal stewardship interventions in the United States.

Antimicrobial resistance is a widely recognized public health threat, and stewardship interventions to combat this problem are well described. Less is known about antifungal stewardship (AFS) initiatives and their influence within the United States. The purpose of this study was to evaluate evidence on the impact of AFS interventions on clinical and performance measures. A systematic review of English language studies identified in the PubMed and EMBASE databases was performed through November 2017. The review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA. Search terms included antifungal stewardship, antimicrobial stewardship, Candida, candidemia, candiduria, and invasive fungal disease. Eligible studies were those that described an AFS program or intervention occurring in the US and evaluated clinical or performance measures. Fifty-four articles were identified and 13 were included. Five studies evaluated AFS interventions and reported clinical outcomes (mortality and length of stay) and performance measures (appropriate antifungal choice and time to therapy). The remaining eight studies evaluated general stewardship interventions and reported data on antifungal consumption. All studies were single center, quasi-experimental with varying interventions across studies. AFS programs had no impact on mortality (3 of 3 studies), with an overall rate of 27% in the intervention group and 23% in the non-intervention group. Length of stay (5 of 5) was also similar between groups (range, 9–25 vs. 11–22). Time to antifungal therapy improved in 2 of 5 studies, and appropriate choice of antifungal increased in 2 of 2 studies. Antifungal consumption was significantly blunted or reduced following stewardship initiation (8 of 8), although a direct comparison between studies was not possible due to a lack of common units. The available evidence suggests that AFS interventions can improve performance measures and decrease antifungal consumption. Although this review did not detect improvements in clinical outcomes, significant adverse outcomes were not reported.
Challenges Mitigating a Darwinian Application of Social Capital: How Specific Advising Activities by High School Counselors Shift Measures of College Readiness But Not College-Going

Low-income and racial minority students access college at lower rates than their more-advantaged peers, caused in part by lesser social capital. Low socio-economic status (SES) students’ networks of rarely provide help navigating the application and enrollment process, preventing even academically-capable students from competing in the near-Darwinian process of college admission because of their low social capital. Research indicates that counselors can mediate SES-based disparities in college readiness but provides little guidance on how counselors should help students. I conduct multi-level logistic regression analyses of nationally representative longitudinal data to investigate (a) which specific advising activities impact college knowledge, eligibility, and enrollment, and (b) how impacts differ for underserved students. I find that the outcomes respond to different treatments. Creating an education plan in 9th grade increases students’ likelihood of reaching college eligibility in math and annual review of plans increases the odds of planed Free Application for Federal Student Aid submission, with larger effects for underserved students. However, most marginal benefits are small and do not persist to become differences in college enrollment.
Learner agency and assessment for learning in a regional New Zealand high school

Assessment for Learning (AfL) pedagogies can have a significant impact on student learning and achievement. This paper reports on data from a study of four teachers and 48 student participants within a regional high school. An inquiry approach to teacher professional learning is explored through an AfL lens, in particular, how teacher feedback for professional learning can be nuanced and dialogic. The research draws from one reflective dialogue interview where a teacher explores student voice data to consider her learners' perceptions of how they learn and of the classroom learning practices of feedback, feedforward and self-assessment. The paper addresses learner agency as an important aspect of curriculum implementation for teachers and assessment for learning for students.
Aristoxenus of Tarentum: The Pythagorean Precepts (How to Live a Pythagorean Life) : An Edition of and Commentary on the Fragments with an Introduction

The Pythagorean Precepts by Aristotle's pupil, Aristoxenus of Tarentum, present the principles of the Pythagorean way of life that Plato praised in the Republic. They are our best guide to what it meant to be a Pythagorean in the time of Plato and Aristotle. The Precepts have been neglected in modern scholarship and this is the first full edition and translation of and commentary on all the surviving fragments. The introduction provides an accessible overview of the ethical system of the Precepts and their place not only in the Pythagorean tradition but also in the history of Greek ethics as a whole. The Pythagoreans thought that human beings were by nature insolent and excessive and that they could only be saved from themselves if they followed a strictly structured way of life. The Precepts govern every aspect of life, such as procreation, abortion, child rearing, friendship, religion, desire and even diet.
Balancing efficiency and fairness in heterogeneous GPU clusters for deep learning

We present Gandivafair, a distributed, fair share scheduler that balances conflicting goals of efficiency and fairness in GPU clusters for deep learning training (DLT). Gandivafair provides performance isolation between users, enabling multiple users to share a single cluster, thus, maximizing cluster efficiency. Gandivafair is the first scheduler that allocates cluster-wide GPU time fairly among active users. Gandivafair achieves efficiency and fairness despite cluster heterogeneity. Data centers host a mix of GPU generations because of the rapid pace at which newer and faster GPUs are released. As the newer generations face higher demand from users, older GPU generations suffer poor utilization, thus reducing cluster efficiency. Gandivafair profiles the variable marginal utility across various jobs from newer GPUs, and transparently incentivizes users to older GPUs by a novel resource trading mechanism that maximizes cluster efficiency without affecting fairness guarantees of any user. With a prototype implementation and evaluation in a heterogeneous 200-GPU cluster, we show that Gandivafair achieves both fairness and efficiency under realistic multi-user workloads.
4x4 Hybrid Electric Vehicle vs. Fully Electric Vehicle Mobility in Drastically Changing Terrain Conditions

Active driveline technologies allow vehicles to dynamically control power distribution among driving wheels to improve vehicle operational parameters that impact terrain mobility. Two 4x4 electrified drivelines are compared which provide a variable power split: a hybrid electric vehicle with a controllable power transmitting unit and a fully electric vehicle (FEV) with individual electric wheel drives. The individual e-drives have the potential to improve mobility when the left and right wheel terrain conditions are drastically different.
Periviable Premature Rupture of Membranes.

Periviable deliveries (less than 26 weeks) are a small percentage of deliveries but account for a disproportionately high number of long-term morbidities. Few studies describe interventions and outcomes for periviable preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM). The available reports may include only those neonates who received resuscitation, making interpretation and application difficult. Counseling should consider the impact of oligohydramnios on fetal lung development. This article discusses standard and experimental interventions that may offer neonatal benefit. Antenatal corticosteroids, antibiotics, and magnesium sulfate may improve outcomes but data to support an improvement in outcome are limited. Studies specifically evaluating these interventions are needed.
Molecular Anatomy of the Bird Cochlea

In contrast to mammals, birds recover naturally from deafness, which makes them an ideal model for inner ear regeneration research. Here, we present a validated single-cell RNA-seq resource of the avian cochlea. We found specific markers for three distinct types of sensory hair cells including a previously unknown subgroup, which we named superior tall hair cells. We identified novel markers for the supporting cells associated with tall hair cells, which represent the facultative stem cells of the avian inner ear. Likewise, we present markers for supporting cells that regenerate the short cochlear hair cells. We further inferred spatial expression gradients of hair cell genes along the tonotopic axis of the cochlea. This resource is useful for neurobiology, comparative biology, and for regenerative medicine because it provides a basis for comparative studies with non-regenerating mammalian cochleae, and for longitudinal studies of the regenerating avian cochlea.
Leveraging insights from behavioral economics to improve mobility for adults with stroke: Design and rationale of the BE Mobile clinical trial.

Abstract Physical inactivity post-stroke can negatively impact long-term health outcomes and contribute to cardiovascular deconditioning, muscle loss, and increased risk for recurrent stroke. The limited number of interventions designed to improve daily physical activity post-stroke have lacked precision in step goals, are resource intensive, and difficult to scale. The purpose of the Leveraging Insights from Behavioral Economics to Improve Mobility for Adults with Stroke (BE Mobile) trial is to examine the preliminary effectiveness of a novel gamification with social incentives intervention for improving physical activity post-stroke. This trial includes adults who have experienced an ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke ≥3 months prior to the time of recruitment who are randomized to a control or gamification arm. All participants receive a Fitbit Inspire 2 wearable device to quantify daily steps and complete a 2-week baseline run-in period followed by an 8-week intervention period. All participants select a daily step goal and the gamification arm is enrolled in a game with loss-framed points and levels to help participants achieve their daily step goal. Participants in the gamification arm also select a support partner who receives weekly updates on their progress in the game. The primary outcome is change in daily steps from baseline during the intervention period. The secondary outcome is difference in the proportion of days participants achieved their daily step goal. Results from this trial will inform future, larger studies that leverage insights from behavioral economics to help improve daily physical activity post-stroke. Trial registration: NCT #04607811.
Factors Contributing to Missed Appointments in a Pediatric Otolaryngology Clinic.

OBJECTIVE To understand why pediatric otolaryngology patients do not attend scheduled clinic appointments and identify factors correlated with no-show status. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. METHODS This is a retrospective cohort study that uses medical record data extraction of patients that was scheduled to attend new patient appointments at a pediatric otolaryngology clinic in 2018. RESULTS Factors associated with no-shows included complex psychiatric history (OR (95% CI) 0.789 (0.71-0.88), P < .001), increased appointment lead time (OR (95% CI) 0.981 (0.976-0.987), P < .001), afternoon appointments (OR (95% CI) 0.783 (0.64-0.99), P = .038), and complex maternal medical history (OR (95% CI) 0.987 (0.979-0.996), P < .005). In contrast, factors associated with attendance included complex patients' medical history (OR (95% CI) 1.058 (0.98-1.02), P < .001), primary care physician at the same hospital (OR (95% CI) 2.766 (2.25-3.39), P < .001), and primary language being Spanish (OR (95% CI) 2.536 (1.75-3.67) P < .001). The factors of distance from the hospital (OR (95% CI) 1.001 (0.99-1.01), P = .868), season of appointment (P = .997), race (P = .623), and ethnicity (P = .804) were not associated with attendance or no-shows. CONCLUSION Patient and maternal medical problems, mental health history, primary care location, appointment lead time, hour of appointment, and primary language, all contribute to appointment attendance, while appointment timing, race, and ethnicity are not associated with attendance. Further work must be performed to overcome these barriers to minimize healthcare risks and improve patient outcomes. QUALITY OF EVIDENCE Level 3 Laryngoscope, 2021.
Gender-Affirming Healthcare: Continued Shortcomings at the Federal Level and a Role for Transgender-Friendly States

In recent years, exclusion of gender-affirming care from employer-sponsored health plans — an issue of significant concern for the transgender community — has been in retreat nationwide, but only to a point. The Supreme Court’s 2020 decision in Bostock v. Clayton County, which recognized that discrimination against transgender people is a form of sex discrimination barred by Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, was no doubt a landmark precedent on a number of fronts, including healthcare discrimination. But the reality is that one of the greatest challenges facing transgender people in the healthcare domain — insurers’ persistence in deeming gender-affirming care to be “cosmetic” and/or “medically unnecessary” — is not the kind of discrimination that current federal law is equipped to address. When couched in terms of “cosmetic”-ness or “medical necessity,” these denials of healthcare coverage appear far less likely to face scrutiny under Bostock’s interpretation of federal antidiscrimination law — especially in light of the current composition of the federal bench. For that reason, state-level protections are likely to emerge as a necessary component of efforts to make gender-affirming healthcare fully available to transgender people. This Essay reports on the current status of transgender healthcare nationally and, with reference to efforts underway in various states, posits a role — albeit an imperfect one, owing to federal preemption concerns — for state legislators and regulators in ensuring that notions of what is “cosmetic” or “medically unnecessary” do not exclude transgender people from the care that the medically community overwhelmingly believes they should receive.
Neither Ground on Which to Stand, nor Self to Defend: The Structural Denial (and Radical Histories) of Black Self-Defense

This article examines self-defense as an inherently spatial phenomenon that evidences an assumed right to the individual self and the creation and occupation of space. I argue that self-defense and...
Natural Gas Hydrates

This paper reports on gas clathrates (commonly called hydrates), which are crystalline compounds that occur when water form a cage-like structure around smaller guest molecules. Gas hydrates of interest to the natural gas hydrocarbon industry are composed of water and eight molecules: methane, ethane, propane, isobutane, normal butane, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen sulfide. Hydrate formation is possible in any place where water exists with such molecules - in natural or artificial environments and at temperatures above and below 32{degrees} F when the pressure is elevated. Hydrates are considered a nuisance because they block transmission lines, plug blowout preventers, jeopardize the foundations of deepwater platforms and pipelines, cause tubing and casing collapse, and foul process heat exchangers, valves, and expanders. Common examples of preventive measures are the regulation of pipeline water content, unusual drilling-mud compositions, and large quantities of methanol injection into pipelines. We encounter conditions that encourage hydrate formation as we explore more unusual environments for gas and oil, including deepwater frontiers and permafrost regions.
Environmental advantages of the closed-loop, semi-aqueous cleaning process as a CFC replacement

The planned phase-out of CFCs (chlorofluorocarbons) and a heightened environmental awareness have caused many printed wiring board (PWB) assemblers to investigate alternative cleaning technologies. It is noted that semi-aqueous cleaning appears to be the best alternative available because it provides superior performance to CFC-113/methanol and offers ecological advantages. It also presents new technical challenges, such as waste management. Three technologies for treating rinse water-carbon plus ion exchange, advanced oxidation plus ion exchange, and membrane separation-were studied. Data from these studies are presented. To date, membrane separation is the most promising technology due to its excellent performance and cost-effectiveness. Membrane separation technology offers technical advantages over the other two technologies; it removes organics and ionics simultaneously and it handles biphasic rinse water well. In addition to superior performance, membrane separation technology is less expensive to operate than carbon treatment with ion exchange. >
Operative Experience with Fasciotomy is Inadequate in General Surgery Programs: Should Lab Simulation be the New Training Paradigm?

Introduction: Lower extremity fasciotomy is an important technical skill for the general surgeon. Improper technique can result in significant complications, and adequate resident training in the procedure is vital. The objective of our study is to study the changes in resident experiencewith fasciotomies over time. Methods: A retrospective review was done using ACGME case logs of general surgery residents graduating between 2004 and 2014 at two academic institutions associated with level 1 trauma centers. The primary outcome, total fasciotomies done,was stratifiedby year of graduationand institution. Results: One hundred twelve residents graduated in the study period with an average of 2.9 (±2.7) fasciotomy cases per resident. Neither program had simulation courses for fasciotomy.Linear regressionshowednosignificant trend incases with respect to year of graduation (p 1⁄40.54). Residents from program A (n 1⁄4 53) reported a significantly higher average of fasciotomies when compared with program B (n1⁄459): 4.5 (±2.5) vs. 1.4 (±1.8) cases, respectively (p<0.001). Conclusion: Association with a level 1 trauma center does not guarantee sufficient exposure to lower extremity fasciotomy. It is unlikely the number of cases per resident is adequate at most general surgery programs given the low average operative volume. Simulation courses with cadaver models should be employed to train future graduates this vital surgical procedure.
Israel's nuclear ambiguity

Israel's nuclear weapons policy, surrounded by ambiguity and public silence until last fall's revelation about the country's weapons production plant, should now be openly debated in the context of Middle East security.
Ownership and Board Structures in Publicly Traded Corporations

We examine the equity ownership structure and board composition of a sample of 583 firms over the ten-year period 1983-1992. Our evidence suggests that a substantial fraction of firms exhibit large changes in ownership and board structure in any given year. These changes are correlated with one another and are not reversed in the subsequent three years. Ownership and board changes are strongly related to top executuve turnover, prior stock price performance, and corporate control threats, but only weakly related to changes in firm-specific determinants of ownership and board structure. Moreover, large ownership and board changes are typically preceded by economic shocks and followed by asset restructurings. These findings provide new insights into how ownership and board structures evolve in public corporations.
Hydrodynamic and geomorphic controls on mouth bar evolution

[1] While river deltas are one of the major repositories for sediments and carbon on Earth, there exists a paucity of field data on the formation of distributary mouth bars—one of their key features. Here we present results from an experiment that tested a model of mouth bar development using hydroacoustic, optical, sedimentary, and geochemical tools on a mouth bar in a crevasse splay near the mouth of the Mississippi River. Our results validate an existing model for mouth bar development, which we extend to explain mouth bar stratigraphy. We propose that changes across a hydrological cycle are important for mouth bar development, resulting in a stratigraphy that has alternating fine and coarse grain sediments. Results also indicate that sand is carried up to 6 km from the main stem of the Mississippi River, despite repeated channel bifurcations, which has important implications for our interpretation of the rock record, understanding of coastal sedimentary systems, and the restoration of large deltas.
Time-dependent directional correlations of Hg m 199 in liquid Hg, solid Hg, and Hg Cl 2

Time-directional correlations of the 374- and 158-keV $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ rays of $^{199}\mathrm{Hg}^{m}$ were studied with sources in the form of liquid Hg, frozen Hg, and dry crystalline Hg${\mathrm{Cl}}_{2}$. The time-dependent anisotropy in the liquid at room temperature shows no observable disturbance over several lifetimes. The integral anisotropy in the liquid indicates mixing of $E5$ with the predominantly $M4$ first $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ ray with an $\frac{M4}{E5}$ mixing ratio $\ensuremath{\delta}=0.092\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.015$. The half-life of the intermediate state was determined to be 2.47 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.05 nsec. Time-dependent directional correlations in frozen emulsified Hg show a quadrupole interaction $\frac{eQ(\frac{{\ensuremath{\partial}}^{2}V}{\ensuremath{\partial}{z}^{2}})}{h}=198\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}40$ MHz. The time-dependent coincidence rate in Hg${\mathrm{Cl}}_{2}$ shows a quadrupole interaction $\frac{eQ(\frac{{\ensuremath{\partial}}^{2}V}{\ensuremath{\partial}{z}^{2}})}{h}=1271\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}30$ MHz. If the second $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ ray is a rotational transition, the quadrupole moment of the intermediate state determined from the intermediate-state $E2$ lifetime can be combined with the nuclear-quadrupole-resonance frequency of $^{201}\mathrm{Hg}$ in Hg${\mathrm{Cl}}_{2}$ to give a quadrupole moment for $^{201}\mathrm{Hg}$ of 0.39 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.02 b. This result is in excellent agreement with the value of 0.41 b obtained by Murakawa from the hyperfine structure of atomic mercury.
Mobile real-time communications in FDDI networks

We propose an architecture of FDDI-based mobile networks and address issues that arise in providing real-time communication services on such networks. A wide range of problems concerning synchronous bandwidth management and quality of service guarantee are identified. To solve these problems, we present a dynamic bandwidth management scheme, a source handoff protocol and two approaches to handling destination handoffs. These schemes make handoffs transparent to mobile users; no degradation in quality of service will be observed during handoffs. The proposed solutions are compatible with the FDDI standards.
Mysis relicta in Lake Michigan : abundances and relationships with their potential prey, Daphnia

Mysis relicta were sampled at a 100-m reference staton in southeastern Lake Michigan (43°N 86°40′W) from 1985 to 1989, to quantify nighttime water column abundances and to compare vertical distributions with those of Daphnia. Diel vertical migration produced maximum concentrations in the thermocline at night of 1 to 10 mysids∙m−3. Variation among replicates averaged 28% with a 3-net Tucker trawl and 19% with Puget Sound vertical closing nets. Mean areal abundances over 5 yr averaged 110 mysids∙m−2 (SE = 20; n = 30; range = 25 to 645) based on nighttime vertical and oblique net tows at 1–3-wk intervals during summers at the reference station. Synoptic cruises from 43°N to 45°N during August indicated that densities were considerably greater offshore than inshore, and greater in the north than in the south. Hypothesized long-term changes in mysid abundances were not detected. Although Mysis is potentially an important predator on Daphnia, differences in nighttime vertical distributions reduce encounters bet...
Disseminating Equine Research and Teaching Videos Through the Institutional Repository: A Collaboration

Institutional repositories manage and disseminate a University's scholarly output and provide a multitude of benefits to the organization and society. Rutgers University Libraries is actively expanding its repository to include materials with scholarly merit that are currently siloed in academic departments or otherwise unpreserved and unavailable to the public. This article describes a collaboration between Rutgers Libraries faculty and Rutgers teaching faculty which is enabling discovery of a significant collection of video data relating to equine behavioral responses. The article describes the research, the repository tools, and the process of developing and customizing metadata to bring this collection to light.
Augmented Muscarinic Responsiveness Caused by 5-Lipoxygenase Products Secreted from Alveolar Macrophages in Isolated-perfused Rat Lung

We examined the effect of activated alveolar macrophages (AM) on airway responsiveness to muscarinic stimulation in 33 adult Sprague-Dawley rats. An isolated-perfused lung preparation was used to ensure precise and uniform delivery of cells into peripheral airways. The bronchoconstrictor response to acetylcholine (ACh) delivered into the pulmonary arterial circulation was augmented in 8 rats after infusion of 3 x 10(6) AM activated with 10(-6) M f-met-leu-phe and 5 micrograms/ml of cytochalasin B. Lung resistance (RL) caused by 10(-6) mol ACh increased 2.5-fold from 0.10 +/- 0.004 cm H2O/ml/s before infusion of activated AM to 0.35 +/- 0.05 cm H2O/ml/s after infusion of activated AM (N = 8; p < 0.05); the response to ACh was not augmented after infusion of nonactivated AM (N = 7) or vehicle control (N = 6). Baseline RL before ACh was similar in all three groups (p NS). Perfusion with activated AM also significantly increased the wet/dry (W/D) lung weight ratios (7.1 +/- 0.5) compared with nonactivated AM (5.2 +/- 0.1) or vehicle control (5.5 +/- 0.3) (p < 0.05 versus either nonactivated AM or vehicle control). A63162, a 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor, but not indomethacin, a cyclooxygenase inhibitor, completely inhibited augmentation of bronchoconstrictor responses to ACh caused by activated AM and also completely attenuated the increase in W/D lung weight ratios. A highly significant (p < 0.01) correlation (R = 0.76) between W/D lung weight ratios and RL was observed after 10(-6) mol ACh (the greatest dose of ACh administered). Baseline RL was equivalent for all groups before and after infusion of cells or vehicle.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
PHYLOGENY, BIOGEOGRAPHY, AND MOLECULAR DATING OF CORNELIAN CHERRIES (CORNUS, CORNACEAE): TRACKING TERTIARY PLANT MIGRATION

Abstract Data from four DNA regions (rbcL, matK, 26S rDNA, and ITS) as well as extant and fossil morphology were used to reconstruct the phylogeny and biogeographic history of an intercontinentally disjunct plant group, the cornelian cherries of Cornus (dogwoods). The study tests previous hypotheses on the relative roles of two Tertiary land bridges, the North Atlantic land bridge (NALB) and the Bering land bridge (BLB), in plant migration across continents. Three approaches, the Bayesian, nonparametric rate smoothing (NPRS), and penalized likelihood (PL) methods, were employed to estimate the times of geographic isolations of species. Dispersal and vicariance analysis (DIVA) was performed to infer the sequence and directionality of biogeographic pathways. Results of phylogenetic analyses suggest that among the six living species, C. sessilis from western North America represents the oldest lineage, followed by C. volkensii from Africa. The four Eurasian species form a clade consisting of two sister pairs...
TCNE Dimer Dianion Coordination Complexes, [Mn(TPA)(TCNE)]2[μ2-(TCNE)2] and [Mn(TPA)(μ4-C4(CN)8)0.5]·ClO4, TPA = tris(2-Pyridylmethyl)amine: Synthesis, Structure and Magnetic Properties

The structures and magnetic properties of two products that result from the reactions of [Mn(TPA)(CH3CN)2](ClO 4 )2, TPA = tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine and potassium tetracyanoethylenide, KTCNE, are reported. [Mn(TPA)(TCNE)] 2 -[μ 2 -(TCNE) 2 ] (1) and [Mn(TPA)(μ4-C 4 (CN) 8 ) 0.5 ]·ClO 4 (2) are obtained by using two different ratios of the initial reactants. Each was intended to possess two or more cis-TCNE radical anions (TCNE ./- ) as ligands. 1 is a dinuclear species that crystallizes in the triclinic system in the space group P1, with a = 10.4432(17), b = 12.2726(16), and c = 13.708(2) A; a = 88.505(12), β = 75.560(14), and y = 87.077(12)°; V= 1698.9(4)A 3 ; and Z= 1 and features two metal centers each with three nearly orthogonal TCNE ./- ligands. However, the three TCNE ./- ligands are all dimerized via the formation of four-center, two-electron bonds: two bridge the two Mn(ll) centers, and a third TCNE ./- ligand forms an intermolecular bond to another equivalent TCNE ./- . 2 crystallizes in the tetragonal system in the space group P4 2 2 1 2, with a = 17.170(3), b = 17.170(3), and c = 17.1837(6) A; V= 5065.9(13) A 3 ; and Z= 8. It consists of a ribbon-like coordination polymer containing the previously observed but still relatively rare octacyanobutyl dianion. The [C 4 (CN) 8 ] 2 - anion is derived from the dimerization of two TONE radical anions via the formation of a new a bond, and each anion bridges four Mn(ll) centers. Both 1 and 2 display magnetic behavior consistent with only weak antiferromagnetic coupling between the high-spin d 5 Mn(ll) in which the TCNE ./- are rendered diamagnetic through dimerization.
High-power strained-layer tapered traveling wave amplifier

High-power single-spatial-mode sources are required for efficient pumping of rare-earth-doped fiber amplifiers and lasers. We have demonstrated a tapered amplifier using strained layer InGaAs/AlGaAs material in a master-oscillator power-amplifier (MOPA) configuration capable of high-power cw operation at a wavelength suitable for pumping erbium.
The American Commune and the American Mythology

While the symbolic value of “community” has long been recognized, most of the attention to date has focussed on the symbolic content of the American small town, taken as representing the most fundamental and lasting values and characteristics of the “American Way of Life” (Vidich and Bensman, 1968, Caplowet al., 1982).
A new species of Catenaria parasitic on nematodes of sugarcane.

A new species,Catenaria vermicola, is named and described. It attacks several plant-parasitic nematodes of economic importance in sugarcane soils of Louisiana. The fungus forms numerous zoospores which encyst on the cuticle, generally near natural openings of the nematode, thereby causing infection. Within the parasitized nematodes hyphae and sporangia quickly form and destroy the victim completely. The following plant-parasitic nematodes were attacked and destroyed:Belonolaimus longicaudatus, Criconemoides rusticum, Hemicycliophora gigas, Hoplolaimus tylenchiformis, Meloidogyne larvae,Pratylenchus brachyurus, P. zeae, Radopholus similis, Tylenchulus semipenetrans larvae,Tylenchorhynchus martini, andXiphinema chambersi.
Modeling offshore wind installation vessel day-rates in the United States

Marine vessels used to install the foundations and turbines at offshore wind farms are currently a small and specialized fleet located exclusively in Europe where significant offshore wind development has occurred over the last decade. The costs to a US developer to lease an installation vessel are subject to a large degree of uncertainty because of supply and demand conditions, willingness to pay and regulatory requirements. The purpose of this article is to estimate vessel day-rates for US offshore wind installation between 2012–2017. Three model frameworks are developed using a capital cost model, a leasing strategy and a developer-owned vessel strategy. Transport costs are parameterized to create estimates of total costs by vessel type and mobilization distance. Day-rates for liftboats, jack-up barges and self-propelled installation vessels are expected to range between 12 500 and 75 000 US$/day, 25 000 and 150 000 $/day and 60 000 and 300 000 $/day, respectively, over the time period considered.
Early onset psychopathology and the risk for teenage pregnancy among clinically referred girls.

ABSTRACT Objective To investigate whether early onset DSM-III depressive and conduct disorders and historical/familial variables increased the risk of teenage pregnancy among clinically referred girls, whose referral was unrelated to their reproductive status. Method The sample of 83 girls, 8 to 13 years old at study entry, were participating in a longitudinal investigation of childhood-onset psychiatric disorders. They were repeatedly evaluated during an interval of up to 12 years. Results Twenty-nine girls had at least one pregnancy, and 25 had their first pregnancies as teenagers (≤ 18 years old). Several variables that predicted earlier age at first pregnancy in longitudinal univariate analyses became nonsignificant in the multivariate model. In the final model, childhood or adolescent onset conduct disorders (but not depressive disorders), and race were significantly associated with teenage pregnancy. Among the girls with conduct disorders, 54.8% became pregnant teenagers versus 12% of the rest, and 56% of the black adolescents versus 12% of the rest, had teenage pregnancies. Conclusions After adjusting for race, early onset conduct disorder represents a risk factor for teenage pregnancy among psychiatrically referred girls. The mechanisms may entail behavioral dysregulation, delay in social-cognitive development, and misinformation about reproductive issues. Such girls may benefit from therapeutic and educational interventions to delay childbearing.
The rationality of splitting equally

Abstract Conventional economic models seem unable to capture the propensity for 50–50 bargaining divisions observed in the lab. Experiments further suggest that something outside the usual set of economic parameters systematically influences bargaining settlements. I examine a simple bargaining model from a biological perspective. A limit evolutionarily stable strategy, FAIRMAN, makes 50–50 offers, punishes demands for more, and exploits demands for less. Fairman involves strategy perturbations resembling probes for concessions. When bargainers can use a signal to discriminate among partners, 50–50 is the unique limit evolutionarily stable outcome. The results suggest that some social conventions persist because they promote efficiency in an evolutionarily stable manner.
Scalable team multicast in wireless ad hoc networks exploiting coordinated motion

Abstract In this paper, we study a new multicast paradigm for large scale mobile ad hoc networks, namely team multicast. In team multicast the multicast group does not consist of individuals, rather, of member teams. For example a team may be a special task force that is part of a search and rescue operation. The message must be broadcast to each member of each team in the multicast group. Team multicast is very common in ad hoc networks set up to accomplish some collective tasks, such as for emergency recovery or battlefield applications. A key problem in several of the above applications is scalability to large membership size as well as network size. Our approach exploits motion affinity (more precisely, team members’ coordinated motion) which is typically present when the set of nodes has a commonality of interests. Each team can be viewed as a logical subnet. Within the team a landmark node is dynamically elected. The addresses of and the paths to the chosen landmarks are propagated into the whole network so that a source of a multicast group can route to the landmark of a subscribed team. Our protocol, Multicast-enabled Landmark Ad Hoc Routing (denoted as M-LANMAR), uses tunneling from multicast sources to each landmark of the subscribed team and restricted flooding within the motion group. Simulation study shows that M-LANMAR provides efficient and reliable multicast compared with the application of a “flat” multicast scheme (e.g., ODMRP) that does not exploit team coordinated motion. This paper contains three contributions: a new model for team multicast, with the definition of team dynamics (join, merge, split); the exploitation of team mobility and of landmarks in order to achieve scalable multicast, and; the implementation and performance evaluation of M-LANMAR, a landmark based team multicast scheme.
Impairment of Olfaction and of the Tastes of Sour and Bitter in Pseudohypoparathyroidism

ABSTRACT Detection and recognition for each of the 4 modalities of taste and for the vapors of pyridine, thiophene and nitrobenzene were determined in 6 patients with pseudohypoparathyroidism, confirmed by clinical and laboratory examinations. For taste, median detection and recognition thresholds for salt and sweet were generally within normal limits; detection and recognition thresholds for sour and bitter were significantly elevated above normal. For olfaction, detection and recognition thresholds for all vapors tested were significantly elevated above normal. Treatment with calcium, parathyroid extract or both did not return either taste or smell sensitivity to normal, although parathyroid extract in high doses eventually raised serum calcium, lowered serum phosphorus, and raised urinary phosphorus excretion. The taste abnormalities may be accounted for by the anatomical and/or neurosensory abnormalities of the palate observed in each of these patients. The gustatory and olfactory abnormalities in pat...
Activation of Estrogen Receptor-Mediated Gene Transcription by the Equine Estrogen Metabolite, 4-Methoxyequilenin, in Human Breast Cancer Cells

4-Methoxyequilenin (4-MeOEN) is an O-methylated metabolite in equine estrogen metabolism. O-methylation of catechol estrogens is considered as a protective mechanism; however, comparison of the properties of 4-MeOEN with estradiol (E2) in human breast cancer cells showed that 4-MeOEN is a proliferative, estrogenic agent that may contribute to carcinogenesis. 4-MeOEN results from O-methylation of 4-hydroxyequilenin, a major catechol metabolite of the equine estrogens present in hormone replacement therapeutics, which causes DNA damage via quinone formation, raising the possibility of synergistic hormonal and chemical carcinogenesis. 4-MeOEN induced cell proliferation with nanomolar potency and induced estrogen response element (ERE)-mediated gene transcription of an ERE-luciferase reporter and the endogenous estrogen-responsive genes pS2 and TGF-α. These estrogenic actions were blocked by the antiestrogen ICI 182,780. In the standard radioligand estrogen receptor (ER) binding assay, 4-MeOEN showed very wea...
Learning Portfolios in Radiology Residency Education: How Do I Get Started?

As medical education and continuous professional development shift toward an outcomes-based model, there is increasing focus on the documentation of physician self-assessment and a commitment to lifelong learning. The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education is helping prepare trainees for these changes by increasing the focus of graduate medical education on outcomes through the development of the 6 competencies. As part of this process, the learning portfolio is a new component of the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education radiology residency program requirements. The purpose of this article is to familiarize the reader with the role of portfolios in medical education and to discuss strategies for the implementation of learning portfolios in a residency education program.