cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Update on pathophysiology and treatment of childhood obstructive sleep apnea syndrome

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is common in childhood and is characterized by recurrent upper airway obstructive events during sleep that produce significant neurocognitive and cardiovascular sequelae. The pathophysiology of childhood OSAS is complex and involves mechanical airway obstruction often secondary to adenotonsillar hypertrophy. However, neuromotor abnormalities and instability of central ventilatory control are also implicated. Several surgical and non-surgical treatment options for childhood OSAS are available, and will be discussed. Some of these include adenotonsillectomy, lingual tonsillectomy, supraglottoplasty, continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), rapid maxillary expansion, oral appliance therapy, anti-inflammatory treatments, and supplemental oxygen.
Quasi-Optimal Control of Manufacturing Systems

Abstract In this paper a mathematical framework of the control theory of manufacturing systems is proposed. All possible plant structures are classified. A mathematical dynamical model which describes the dynamics of a plant is developed. With the help of this model it is shown how the real time control policy which guarantees the stable work of the plant with the quasi-maximal production rate can be designed.
QUANTUM CHEMICAL STUDIES OF NOVEL 4-PHENYLPIPERIDINE OPIATES WITH ANTAGONIST ACTIVITY

Summary Conformational analysis has been performed on a series of 3R, 4R-4ϕ-piperidine analogues which have antagonist activity that is modulated by substituents at these positions rather than at the amine nitrogen. Analysis of the results obtained by the semi-empirical quantum mechanical method PCILO has led to a consistent hypothesis to explain the structure-activity profiles of these new opiates.
Variation in nest characteristics and brooding patterns of female Black-throated Blue Warblers is associated with thermal cues

ABSTRACT Thermal variation poses a problem for nesting birds and can result in reduced offspring growth rates and survival. To increase the thermal stability of the nest, females can adjust nest characteristics and nest attendance in response to changes in environmental conditions. However, it is unclear how and to what extent females modify parental behaviors during various stages of offspring development. We tested the hypothesis that females adjust nest characteristics and brooding patterns in response to thermal variation during the nest-building and nestling stages, respectively. We examined elevational variation in nest location, nest construction, and brooding patterns in the migratory Black-throated Blue Warbler (Setophaga caerulescens) across a 2°C gradient at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, New Hampshire, USA. Density of woody stems at nest sites and nest wall thickness increased from low to high elevation, corresponding to decreasing temperatures, but we found no relationship between wea...
Detection of Kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus DNA sequences in multiple myeloma bone marrow stromal cells.

Whether Kaposi’s sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV) is associated with multiple myeloma (MM) remains controversial. We assayed for KSHV DNA sequences in long-term bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) from 26 patients with MM and 4 normal donors. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using primers which amplify a KSHV gene sequence to yield a 233-bp fragment (KS330233 within open reading frame 26) was negative in all cases. Aliquots of these PCR products were used as templates in subsequent nested PCR, with primers that amplify a 186-bp product internal to KS330233. BMSCs from 24 of 26 (92%) patients with MM and 1 of 4 normal donors were KSHV PCR+. DNA sequence analyses showed interpatient specific mutations (2 to 3 bp). Both Southern blot and sequence analyses confirmed the specificity of PCR results. The presence of the KSHV gene sequences was further confirmed by amplifying T 1.1 (open reading frame [ORF] K7) and viral cyclin D (ORF 72), two other domains within the KSHV genome. Immunohistochemical studies of KSHV PCR+ MM BMSCs demonstrate expression of dendritic cell (DC) lineage markers (CD68, CD83, and fascin). Serological studies for the presence of KSHV lytic or latent antibodies were performed using sera from 53 MM patients, 12 normal donors, and 5 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/KSHV+ patients. No lytic or latent antibodies were present in sera from either MM patients or normal donors. Taken together, these findings show that KSHV DNA sequences are detectable in BMSCs from the majority of MM patients, but that serologic responses to KSHV are not present. Ongoing studies are defining whether the lack of antibody response is caused by the absence of ongoing infection, the presence of a novel viral strain associated with MM, or underlying immunodeficiency in these patients.
Kapton RS Flexible Heaters – Design and Applications

DuPont™ Kapton® RS is a two-layer polyimide film consisting of a $25\mu \mathrm {m}$ thick, 100 Ω/☐ resistor layer on one side, and a $25\mu \mathrm {m}$ thick dielectric layer on the other side. This engineered, electrically resistive film is utilized to fabricate flexible heaters that are rated for up to 240 °C continuous operation. Flexible high performance heaters are fabricated by adhering positive and negative electrodes to the resistor side of the Kapton RS film. Electrode deposition on the resistor side of Kapton RS film is accomplished in two ways: (1) By screen printing a conductive paste. (2) By deposition of copper. Design and fabrication methods of Kapton RS heaters are described in this work. This work also presents the nuances of the electrode design for these heaters using 3D numerical modeling. This work discusses the optimization of the electrode design to minimize hotspots with the help of COMSOL numerical simulation. A comparison study of various heater technologies that include etched-foil heaters on a polyimide substrate, silicone wire-wound heaters, and Kapton RS heaters are described in this work. Heaters with similar power densities were selected and evaluated based on various criteria including voltage and current inputs as well as temperature outputs, time to thermal stability, temperature uniformity and heat up / cool down time. Other criteria that will be reported in this paper include weight, thickness, resistance and flexibility. Conclusions are drawn regarding the best use-cases for each of these heater technologies. A list of flexible heater applications that are being developed with Kapton RS film is given at the end.
End of life: A focus upon making doing the right thing easier in challenging conversations.

174Background: Communication surrounding end of life decisions is difficult for patients and their loved ones as well as the clinicians involved in their care. An audit of end of life measures brou...
Six-Dimensional Superconformal Field Theories

In dimensions \(d\le 4\), one might think that it might be best to start from a Lagrangian theory to study (super) conformal field theories. Some CFTs are weakly coupled, and many others can be described as an IR limit of Lagrangian theories in these dimensions. We can exploit many techniques for studying such theories depending on Lagrangian and path-integral formalism. On the other hand, in \(d=5,6\), a coupling constant in Lagrangian always becomes weak when the theory flow into IR, therefore a non-free fixed point sits at UV. This is a completely different situation from \(d\le 4\).
Ethics of patriotism: NFL players' protests against Police violence.

This article traces debates about African American professional football players’ protests during the national anthem. After reviewing over 400 media texts, we found that each side operates from mi...
Discovery of Novel High-Molecular Weight Oligosaccharides Containing N-Acetylhexosamine in Bovine Colostrum Whey Permeate Hydrolyzed with Aspergillus oryzae β-Galactosidase

Bovine milk oligosaccharides (BMOs) that resemble human milk oligosaccharides are found in whey permeate, indicating that dairy streams can be used as a potential source of bioactive oligosaccharides. Recovery of oligosaccharides from whey permeate is hindered by their low abundance and high concentration of lactose. In the present work, lactose in bovine colostrum whey permeate was hydrolyzed by Aspergillus oryzae β-galactosidase to facilitate subsequent monosaccharide removal by membrane separation. Chromatographic separation coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry revealed β-galactosidase degradation of several β-linkage-containing BMOs and production of novel oligosaccharides that ranged in size from 5 to 11 monosaccharide units containing several galactose repeating units and N-acetylhexosamine at their reducing ends. Optimization of BMO hydrolysis and separation methodology could generate high amounts of hetero-oligosaccharides for improved recovery of potentially biotherapeutic oligosaccharides.
Applying the Self-determination Theory to Health-related Quality of Life for Adolescents with Congenital Heart Disease.

Abstract Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship among the three innate needs of Self-Determination Theory (SDT), self-management of care and adherence to treatment, and the relationship to health-related quality of life (HRQOL) for adolescents with congenital heart disease (CHD). Design and methods A non-experimental, cross-sectional, correlational design was conducted in a sample of 92 participants with CHD, ages 13 to 18 years. For data analysis, Pearson's correlations were used to explore associations between variables, and the hypotheses were tested using multiple linear regression. Results Demographic and clinical data were collected: 15 ± 1.6 yrs; 59% male; 65% White; 43% mild CHD; 25% severe CHD. After controlling for covariates, regression analyses revealed relatedness (β = 0.64) and competence (β = 0.79) contributed significant variance to HRQOL, R2 = 0.56, p Conclusions This study found that relatedness and competence were significantly associated with HRQOL in adolescents with CHD; however, autonomy and self-management of care and adherence to treatment were not. These findings demonstrate the importance of further examining relatedness and competence in adolescents with CHD. Practice implications Nursing care should focus on the improvement of social support systems and interventions to increase self-efficacy for adolescents with CHD.
Differences among Wagyu sires for USDA carcass traits and palatability attributes of cooked ribeye steaks.

The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of various Wagyu sires on carcass quality traits and palatability attributes of cooked rib- eye steaks. Wagyu sires were used and grouped as Old (n = 6) or New (n = 2) sires, based on the chronological order in which they were imported into the United States. One hundred thirteen F1 heifer and steer calves sired by Wagyu bulls out of three different sources of cows were fed a backgrounding diet for 112 d consisting of an 80:20 ratio of roughage:concentrate then grazed on a mixture of orchardgrass and bluegrass pasture for 84 d and finished on a 10:90 ratio of roughage:concen-
Linear Equations Modulo m

This chapter presents some fundamental ideas and methods of arithmetic. These include the greatest common divisor of two numbers, Euclid’s algorithm to find the greatest common divisor, and the Extended Euclidean Algorithm to write the greatest common divisor of two numbers as an integer linear combination of the two numbers (Bezout’s Identity). We show how to solve linear congruences and find all integer solutions of integer linear equations in two variables. A short section is devoted to what we call the “Coprime Divisibility Lemma”: if a number divides the product of two numbers and is coprime to one of them, it divides the other. That result and all of the methods of this chapter are basic tools for studying applications later in the book.
Antenatal Influenza A-Specific IgA, IgM, and IgG Antibodies in Mother’s Own Breast Milk and Donor Breast Milk, and Gastric Contents and Stools from Preterm Infants

Antenatal milk anti-influenza antibodies may provide additional protection to newborns until they are able to produce their own antibodies. To evaluate the relative abundance of milk, we studied the antibodies specific to influenza A in feeds and gastric contents and stools from preterm infants fed mother’s own breast milk (MBM) and donor breast milk (DBM). Feed (MBM or DBM) and gastric contents (MBM or DBM at 1 h post-ingestion) and stool samples (MBM/DBM at 24 h post-ingestion) were collected, respectively, from 20 preterm (26–36 weeks gestational age) mother-infant pairs at 8–9 days and 21–22 days of postnatal age. Samples were analyzed via ELISA for anti-H1N1 hemagglutinin (anti-H1N1 HA) and anti-H3N2 neuraminidase (anti-H3N2 NA) specificity across immunoglobulin A (IgA), immunoglobulin M (IgM), and immunoglobulin G (IgG) isotypes. The relative abundance of influenza A-specific IgA in feeds and gastric contents were higher in MBM than DBM at 8–9 days of postnatal age but did not differ at 21–22 days. Anti-influenza A-specific IgM was higher in MBM than in DBM at both postnatal times in feed and gastric samples. At both postnatal times, anti-influenza A-specific IgG was higher in MBM than DBM but did not differ in gastric contents. Gastric digestion reduced anti-H3N2 NA IgG from MBM at 21–22 days and from DBM at 8–9 days of lactation, whereas other anti-influenza A antibodies were not digested at either postnatal times. Supplementation of anti-influenza A-specific antibodies in DBM may help reduce the risk of influenza virus infection. However, the effective antibody dose required to induce a significant protective effect remains unknown.
Trends in the surgical treatment of pathological proximal femur fractures in the United States.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Large scale data on the treatment of pathologic proximal femur fractures (PPFFs) are lacking. The purpose of this study was to evaluate trends in patient demographics, complication rates, and relative utilization rates of various techniques associated with PPFFs. METHODS The American College of Surgeons-National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database was queried for PPFFs from 2009 to 2017. Patient demographics, 30-day complications, and utilization rates were recorded. Trends in these variables were determined over the study period. RESULTS Most patient demographics did not change during the study period. There were no trends toward decreasing rates of major complications (P = .82), reoperations (P = .65), non-home discharges (P = .17), readmissions (P = .07), or deaths (P = .75); transfusion rates significantly decreased (P < .001). Rates of hemiarthroplasty decreased (P = .03) and rates of intramedullary nailing increased (P = .001). DISCUSSION Despite advances in cancer therapeutics, the average PPFF patient has not significantly changed over the past decade. Similarly, most short-term outcomes after PPFF surgery have not improved, demonstrating a need for improved perioperative protocols. Finally, rates of IMN fixation are increasing while rates of HA are falling at NSQIP hospitals. Given that orthopedic oncologists favor endoprosthetic reconstruction in most cases, there may be a need for increased communication between orthopedic oncologists and other members of the orthopedic community treating PPFFs.
Multivariate Alexander quandles, IV. The medial quandle of a link

Joyce observed that the Alexander invariant and the medial quandle of a classical knot are equivalent to each other, as invariants. In the present paper, we discuss the rather complicated extension of Joyce's observation to several different medial quandles and reduced (one-variable) Alexander modules associated with classical links. The theme is that for links, medial quandles provide stronger invariants than reduced Alexander modules.
When the Mesh Goes Away: An Analysis of Poly-4-Hydroxybutyrate Mesh for Complex Hernia Repair.

One in 8 patients will develop an incisional hernia after abdominal surgery.1 In the United States, approximately 350,000 hernia repairs are performed annually, with an estimated cost expenditure of $7 billion.2,3 The advent of mesh reinforcement has successfully reduced the risk of hernia recurrence and currently serves as the gold standard for an effective, modern ventral hernia repair (VHR).4–9 However, despite these advancements, significant risks are associated with long-term permanent mesh implantation including infection, chronic pain, mesh erosion, and reoperation.10–12 The inherent trade-off balances between the risk of mesh infection, or mesh-related complications, and the opportunity to obtain a successful hernia repair.13 Permanent synthetic mesh has been demonstrated to provide long-term biomechanical support and reliably reduce the risk of hernia recurrence.14–16 Yet, due to the inherent permanence, long-term complications are common, including chronic pain, inflammation, mesh erosion, and infection. Thus, surgeons are oftentimes reluctant to implant a foreign material if there is a potential risk for a chronic infection.11,17 Biologic mesh serves as a solution for many complex hernias by providing rapid revascularization and bacterial resistance.18–20 However, the significant cost burden and variable long-term outcomes have led surgeons to search for alternative biomaterials.21–23 Resorbable biosynthetic biomaterials have evolved in an attempt to leverage the advantages of synthetic and biologic mesh, by providing short-term mechanical support and clearance of bacterial burden, respectively.24–26 Resorbable biosynthetic products are composed of synthetic polymers that serve as a scaffold for host tissue ingrowth, where native collagen slowly replaces the mesh as it degrades over time.27 Poly-4-hydroxybutyrate (P4HB) (Phasix Mesh; C.R. Bard Inc., Warwick, RI) is a type of biosynthetic mesh and consists of a monofilament scaffold, that fully resorbs in 12–18 months.26,28 Early evidence suggests that bioresorbable mesh may provide a clinical advantage over permanent devices and a cost advantage over biologic mesh in complex VHR.25,29,30 The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical outcomes, quality of life (QoL), and cost associated with P4HB mesh reinforcement for VHR.
The Influence of Presumed Fake News Influence: Examining Public Support for Corporate Corrective Response, Media Literacy Interventions, and Governmental Regulation

In today’s society with polarized opinions, fake news has significantly affected people’s trust in online news. Informed by the third-person effect (TPE) and influence of presumed influence (IPI) t...
Privatizing Employment Law: The Expansion of Mandatory Arbitration in the Workplace

This article examines the institutional, political, and legal development of employment arbitration as it shifted from a Progressive Era form of justice enhancement to one co-opted by business-friendly conservatives arguably more concerned with protecting employers from litigation. While arbitration has a long history in the United States, the expanding use of mandatory, employer-promulgated arbitration clauses has more than doubled since the 2000s. In examining the nature of the shift, this article argues that it occurred through a gradual process of conversion in three institutional realms (1) legislative conversion, (2) private-sector conversion of public regulation, and (3) judicial conversion. Facilitated by a growing divide among Democrats on the value of arbitration, conservatives began to promote it in the 1970s and 1980s as backlash to the expansion of statutory employment rights. I argue that they did so by converting the institutional infrastructures of labor and commercial arbitration, a process continued by the private sector and Supreme Court. As such, this article argues that conversion is the product of multiple actors targeting multiple institutions, over decades, and with consequences for both the literature on institutional change and conceptions of equality under the law.
A 2-MHz 9–45-V Input High-Efficiency Three-Switch ZVS Step-Up/-Down Hybrid Converter

This article presents a three-switch zero-voltage switching (ZVS) step-up/-down hybrid dc–dc converter with e-mode GaN transistors for wide-input-range applications. With a flying capacitor, the proposed hybrid converter saves one auxiliary branch for establishing ZVS and one power FET compared with the conventional buck–boost counterpart, thereby reducing the converter volume and power loss. The capability of having ZVS turn-ON of all power FETs enables the proposed converter to operate in the MHz range under high input voltages by removing the switching power loss. The flying capacitor in the proposed converter further lowers the main inductor current in the step-down mode, significantly decreasing the conduction loss of the inductor. The proposed converter was validated using three 100-V e-mode GaN HEMTs with the on-chip gate drivers implemented in a high-voltage 0.5- $\mu \text{m}$ process. The proposed converter supports a wide input range from 9 to 45 V with a maximum 48-W output power, operates at 2 MHz, and achieves peak power efficiencies of 97.6% and 96% in step-down and -up modes, respectively. The volume of the external components in the proposed converter is also reduced by at least three times compared with the prior art.
Associations between the Dark Triad and online communication behavior: A brief report of preliminary findings

The recent and rapid growth of user engagement on online and social media platforms has attracted increasing attention from communication scholars. Troublingly, little is known about the relationsh...
American Heterosexual Emerging Adults' Reasoning about the Fairness of Household Labor.

Abstract This study investigated American heterosexual emerging adults’ evaluations and reasoning about the fairness of their parents’ gendered division of household labor, their future expectations of their own division, and in a third-party situation. A total of 161 American heterosexual (88.20 % European American; 50.93 % cisgender women), emerging adults (M = 20.60, SD = 1.21) participated in this study. The majority of participants evaluated their parents’ and future expected division to be fair. On the other hand, participants were less likely to consider a hypothetical gendered division fair. Equality justification usage, as well as reported parental childcare division predicted differences in fairness evaluations. The present study highlights the importance of employing methods that can capture the complex and multi-faceted nature of fairness evaluations and reasoning about the gendered division of household labor.
World Prematurity Day: It Takes an NIH Village to Prevent Preterm Birth and Improve Treatments for Preterm Infants

Prematurity remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality, involving both intramural and extramural research across all NIH institutes and centers.
For-Profit and Not-For-Profit Inpatient Rehabilitation in Traumatic Brain Injury: Analysis of Demographics and Outcomes.

Abstract Objective To describe differences in traumatic brain injury patient characteristics and outcomes by inpatient rehabilitation facility profit status. Design Retrospective database review utilizing the Uniform Data System for Medical Rehabilitation® (UDSMR). Setting Inpatient rehabilitation facilities. Participants Individual discharges (n = 53,630) from 877 distinct rehabilitation facilities for calendar years 2016 through 2018. Intervention NA Main Outcome Measures Patient demographic data (age, race, primary payer source), admission and discharge Functional Independence Measure® (FIM®), FIM® gain, length of stay efficiency, acute hospital readmission from for-profit and not-for-profit IRFs within 30 days, and community discharges by facility profit status. Results Patients at for-profit facilities were significantly older (69.69 vs. 64.12 years), with lower admission FIM® scores (52 vs. 57), shorter lengths of stay (13 vs. 15 days), and higher discharge FIM® scores (88 vs. 86); for-profit facilities had higher rates of community discharges (76.8% vs. 74.6%), but also had higher rates of readmission (10.3% vs. 9.9%). Conclusions The finding that for-profit facilities admit older patients who are reportedly less functional on admission and more functional on discharge, with higher rates of community discharge but higher readmission rates than not-for-profit facilities is an unexpected and potentially anomalous finding. In general, older, less functional patients who stay for shorter periods of time would not necessarily be expected to make greater functional gains. These differences should be further studied, to determine if differences in patient selection, coding/billing, or other unreported factors underlie these differences.
Bilingual Complex Verbs: So What's New About Them?

In this paper I describe bilingual complex verb constructions in Bengali-English bilingual speech. Bilingual complex verbs have been shown to consist of two parts, the first element being either a verbal or nominal element from the nonnative language of the bilingual speaker and the second element being a helping verb or dummy verb from the native language of the bilingual speaker. The verbal or nominal element from the non-native language provides semantics to the construction and the helping verb of the native language bears inflections of tense, person, number, aspect (Romaine 1986, Muysken 2000, Backus 1996, Annamalai 1971, 1989). I describe a type of Bengali-English bilingual complex verb which is different from the bilingual complex verbs that have been shown to occur in other codeswitched Indian varieties. I show that besides having a two-word complex verb, as has been shown in the literature so far, bilingual complex verbs of Bengali-English also have a three-part construction where the third element is a verb that adds to the meaning of these constructions and affects their aktionsart (aspectual properties). I further show that monolingual Bengali complex verbs directly contribute to the rise of these bilingual complex verbs.
Chapter 6 The Oxoaporphine Alkaloids

Publisher Summary The oxoporphines can be divided into two distinct subgroups. The larger subgroup is made of weakly basic, nonphenolic compounds that are bright yellow or orange yellow in color. These are without exception high melting and usually show a decomposition point rather than an actual melting point. They possess a conjugated carbonyl function, so they show an IR absorption band near 1650 cm −1 . Additionally, these weakly basic, nonphenolic oxoaporphines turn red upon addition of acid, and their chloroform solutions show a greenish fluorescence. The smaller subgroup of oxoaporphines, which presently includes only the alkaloids PO-3 and corunnine, consists of high-melting, monophenolic, quaternary N-metho salts that are green in neutral or basic solution and red in acid. The oxoaporphine alkaloid pontevedrine possesses an N -methyl pyridone moiety. The lysicamine NMR spectrum was instructive because it showed methoxyl singlets at δ4.00 and 4.02, as well as the absence of a methylenedioxy signal. All aporphines and oxoaporphines are substituted at C-1 and C-2, so it was apparent that lysicamine must be 1,2-dimethoxyoxoaporphine. Conclusive proof of the structure was provided through a total synthesis. The NMR spectrum of corunnine in trifluoroacetic acid revealed three aromatic methoxyls—namely, (1) a quaternary N-methyl singlet, (2) an aromatic AB system assigned to the C-4 and C-5 protons, and (3) three aryl proton singlets. There is a claim that oxidation products derived from aporphines carrying a phenolic function at C-1 or C-11 are green, the phenolic function in corunnine was placed at C-1. This chapter also discusses some oxoaporphines not isolated from natural sources, such as 1,2,10,11-tetramethoxyoxoaporphine and 2,9,10-trimethoxyoxoaporphine etcetera. There are notes on biogenesis, pharmacology, ultraviolet spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectroscopies.
Abstract 4081: Id4 (inhibitor of dna binding 4) crosstalk with pten-akt pathway

Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA Introduction: Inhibitor of DNA binding/differentiation protein 4 (Id4), acts as a dominant negative regulator of basic helix loop helix (bHLH) family of transcription factors. Id4 shares the homology of HLH domain with other Ids and lack the basic DNA binding region. Previous studies from our lab had shown that unlike Id1, Id2 and Id3, Id4 acts as a tumor suppressor in prostate cancer by attenuating cell proliferation and promoting apoptosis. In this study we investigated whether Id4 acts as a tumor suppressor by regulating the AKT pathway. Experimental procedures: Id4 protein expression was analyzed on human prostate adenocarcinoma samples by Immunohistochemistry. We also performed Immunohistochemistry to determine AKT, pAKT, PTEN protein expression in Id4 knockout mouse prostates. In addition we determined the expression levels of the above mentioned proteins in prostate cancer cell lines with or without Id4 (LNCaP, LNCaP-Id4, DU145, DU145+Id4, PC3). Results: IHC demonstrated decreased Id4 protein expression in human prostate tissue samples whereas higher nuclear Id4 expression was found in normal human and mouse prostate tissues. IHC on Id4 knockout (Id4-/-) mouse prostates demonstrated an increase in pAKT expression, whereas AKT expression did not change significantly when compared to normal mouse prostate. PTEN expression levels decreased ignificantly in Id4 knockout mouse prostates. Similar pattern was observed in prostate cancer cell lines: DU145 cells lacking Id4 had low PTEN as compared to Id4 over-expressing DU145 cells. Id4 expression was also associated with PI3 kinase activity in LNCaP and PC3 cells. These results suggest Id4 regulates AKT-PI3K pathway by attenuating PTEN. Conclusions: Id4 appears as a potential tumor suppressor gene that exerts its tumor suppressor activity by promoting PTEN expression. PTEN in turn regulates AKT phosphorylation that stabilizes p53, AR and NKX3.1 expression in the normal prostate. Acknowledgement: The research was supported by NIH/NCI-RO1CA128914 and in part by NIH/NCRR/RCMI G12RR03062 Citation Format: Shravan Kumar Komaragiri. Id4 (inhibitor of dna binding 4) crosstalk with pten-akt pathway. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4081. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4081
Kinetics of fracture in Fe-3Si steel under mode I loading

This paper deals with experimental studies of fatigue crack propagation (FCP) in Fe-3Si steel. The FCP experiments were performed on single-edge crack specimens. Results show that an extensive damage zone consisting of slip bands surrounds and precedes the propagating crack. The system of the crack and the damage zone constitutes the crack layer (CL). The results demonstrate that fracture propagates by the translation, expansion, and distortion of the part of CL called the active zone. The contours of the damage distribution show that different loading stresses may cause significantly different shapes of damage. Application of the stability criteria is demonstrated. It was shown that the critical energy release rate depends on the history of loading.
Identification and control of smart structures using neural networks: a survey

This paper outlines some of the structural identification and robust control methods used for smart structure applications. Experimental results of both identification and robust control of two smart structure test articles has been presented. A new adaptive learning rate algorithm and an adaptive neuron have been introduced to enhance learning in multilayered neural networks. A block diagram of a robust controller implementation using the Intel's 80170NX analog neural network has also been presented. >
Global expression based classification of lymph node metastasis and extracapsular spread of oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 47, 2006 4473 Tumor metastasis is the dominant cause of death in cancer patients, including oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) patients. However, the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying tumor metastasis are still elusive. The identification of molecular markers associated with the metastatic process would help to understand biological mechanisms and facilitate the development of therapeutic interventions for oral tongue cancer patients. We performed global gene expression profiling on 11 lymph node metastatic (pN+) and 14 non-metastatic negative (pN-) SCC samples of tongue, and the matching normal tissues. Using stringent statistical criteria (fold difference >2, and p 90% accuracy. These analyses also generated a second gene list that can provide superb classification power for extracapsular spread (ECS). ECS is considered as the most reliable clinical predictor of poor treatment outcomes of metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck to regional lymph nodes. expression profiling capable of predicting ECS phenotype has not been reported previously, so these results have high substantive significance. This work is supported in part by K22 DE014847, RO3 DE016569, RO3 CA114688, and a TRDRP grant 13KT-0028 (Zhou), Foundation de France grant (Temam), P01 CA106451 Project 3 (Mao), R01 DE015970 (Wong).
Unintended Consequences of Mass Imprisonment: Effects of Paternal Incarceration on Child School Readiness

Though sociologists have examined the consequences of mass imprisonment of African-American men on the incarcerated men, their families, and their communities, no study has considered its impact on racial disparities in educational achievement. Analyzing the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study and its rich paternal incarceration data, this study asks whether children with fathers who have been in prison are less prepared for school both academically and behaviorally as a result, and whether racial disparities in imprisonment explain some of the gap in white and black children's educational outcomes. Using a variety of estimation strategies, I show that experiencing paternal incarceration by age 5 is associated with lower child school readiness in behavioral but not cognitive skills. While the main effect of incarceration does not vary by race, boys with incarcerated fathers in their early childhood years have substantially worse behavioral skills at school entry. Because of the negative effects of incarceration on boys? behavioral skills and the much higher exposure of black children to incarceration, mass incarceration facilitates the intergenerational transmission of male behavioral disadvantage, and plays a role in explaining the persistently low achievement of black boys.
Effects of Gender on the Health and Development of Medically At‐Risk Infants

ABSTRACT Objectives To examine gender‐differentiated health and cognitive/motor/language developmental outcomes among medically at‐risk infants. Design Longitudinal descriptive and comparative secondary analysis. Setting Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, intermediate care unit, and infectious disease clinic of tertiary medical centers in the southeast and east United States. Participants One hundred eight (108) premature infants, 67 medically fragile infants, and 83 infants seropositive for HIV. Methods Neonatal and later health variables were obtained from the medical record to determine the technology dependence scores and frequency of common health problems. Data for physical growth and cognitive/motor/language development were obtained through the physical measurement, including the Bayley Scales of Infant Development–Second Edition, the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale, the Toll Control Developmental Checklist, and the Preschool Language Scale–3 during home visits between 6 and 27 months corrected ages. Results Fewer effects on health and developmental outcomes related to gender were observed with medically fragile infants than the other two groups of infants. The cognitive/motor/language scores were decreased with increasing age of the infants in all groups. Conclusion Male gender can be considered a significant biological risk factor for infants' cognitive and motor development, especially for premature infants. Because of their increased risk, it is recommended that male infants who are born prematurely or seropositive for HIV have early and advanced developmental screening tests by trained personnel through periodic pediatric clinic.
Cholecystitis and Cholelithiasis Masking as Abdominal Crises in Sickle Cell Disease

A case of sickle cell (HbSS) disease is presented in a patient with a history of recurrent admissions for abdominal pain, jaundice, and abnormal liver function tests. Although he was believed to have a sickle cell abdominal crisis, his abdominal X-ray films revealed three calcified stones. Each of these stones progressively passed through the common duct and into the duodenum while awaiting surgery. He has been followed for two years since his cholecystectomy without further hospitalizations. This case led to the investigation of cholelithiasis in sickle cell disease to dispel the following misconceptions. Some physicians and pediatricians believe that (1) cholelithiasis and cholecystitis are uncommon in sickle cell disease; (2) the complications of gallstones are not significant; (3) the operative risk in patients with sickle cell disease is high; (4) these patients with HbSS disease do not live long enough to get into trouble with gallstones. A review of the literature on cholelithiasis and HbSS disease presents adequate evidence to cause us to urge investigation of the gallbladder in all patients with HbSS disease and abdominal crises, and cholecystectomy as an elective procedure should stones be present.
A Cytomorphic Chip for Quantitative Modeling of Fundamental Bio-Molecular Circuits

We describe a $0.35~\mu{\rm m}$ BiCMOS silicon chip that quantitatively models fundamental molecular circuits via efficient log-domain cytomorphic transistor equivalents. These circuits include those for biochemical binding with automatic representation of non-modular and loading behavior, e.g., in cascade and fan-out topologies; for representing variable Hill-coefficient operation and cooperative binding; for representing inducer, transcription-factor, and DNA binding; for probabilistic gene transcription with analogic representations of log-linear and saturating operation; for gain, degradation, and dynamics of mRNA and protein variables in transcription and translation; and, for faithfully representing biological noise via tunable stochastic transistor circuits. The use of on-chip DACs and ADCs enables multiple chips to interact via incoming and outgoing molecular digital data packets and thus create scalable biochemical reaction networks. The use of off-chip digital processors and on-chip digital memory enables programmable connectivity and parameter storage. We show that published static and dynamic MATLAB models of synthetic biological circuits including repressilators, feed-forward loops, and feedback oscillators are in excellent quantitative agreement with those from transistor circuits on the chip. Computationally intensive stochastic Gillespie simulations of molecular production are also rapidly reproduced by the chip and can be reliably tuned over the range of signal-to-noise ratios observed in biological cells.
Multiview optical resolution photoacoustic microscopy

Optical resolution photoacoustic microscopy (OR-PAM), while providing high lateral resolution, has been limited by its relatively poor acoustically determined axial resolution. Although this limitation has been tackled in recent works by using either broadband acoustic detection or nonlinear photoacoustic effects, a flexible solution with three-dimensional optical resolution in reflection mode remains desired. Herein we present a multiview OR-PAM technique. By imaging the sample from multiple view angles and reconstructing the data using a multiview deconvolution method, we have experimentally demonstrated an isotropic optical resolution in three dimensions.
Water, bound and mobile

How much water is exchanged between the atmosphere and the land and ocean surfaces every year? The answer is important for developing accurate models of Earth's water cycle both now and in a warmer future climate. Good et al. recently reported high-resolution data on hydrogen water isotopes from the Tropospheric Emissions Spectrometer (TES) aboard NASA's Aura satellite ( 1 ). On page 175 of this issue, Good, Noone, and Bowen ( 2 ) use these data to estimate global values for plant transpiration, streamflow, and evaporation from various sources.
APNEA OF PREMATURITY: EFFECTS OF CONTINUOUS POSITIVE AIRWAY PRESSURE (CPAP), CUTANEOUS STIMULATION, AND LEVELS OF URINARY BIOGENIC AMINES

Etiological theories of neonatal apnea include hypoxia from pulmonary instability, neurologic immaturity, and autonomic imbalance. To explore these hypotheses, 29 infants were studied to examine the effects of increased lung volume via low-pressure nasal CPAP, increased afferent input via cutaneous stimulation and levels of urinary biogenic amines in preterm infants with apnea(>15 sec). Apnea significantly decreased with CPAP and with stimulation; dopamine and epinephrine (epi) levels were lower in infants having apnea. The catecholamine differences compel further study of sleep states and are possible support for an abnormality of autonomic integrity. The clinical data suggest that by increasing lung volume with CPAP or increasing afferent traffic via cutaneous stimulation, respiratory efferents become more active, thus decreasing apneic spells.
Hijacking the chromatin remodeling machinery: impact of SWI/SNF perturbations in cancer

There is increasing evidence that alterations in chromatin remodeling play a significant role in human disease. The SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex family mobilizes nucleosomes and functions as a master regulator of gene expression and chromatin dynamics whose functional specificity is driven by combinatorial assembly of a central ATPase and association with 10 to 12 unique subunits. Although the biochemical consequence of SWI/SNF in model systems has been extensively reviewed, the present article focuses on the evidence linking SWI/SNF perturbations to cancer initiation and tumor progression in human disease.
Deposition of a muddy sediment drift in the southern Straits of Florida during the late Quaternary

Abstract Bottom currents associated with the Florida Current in large part control deposition of muddy, biogenic sediments in the constricted deep-sea passage of the southern Straits of Florida. The unit is similar to muddy contourite drifts based on sediment structures, changing thickness of biostratigraphic zones, and distribution of biogenic sands in twenty piston cores. Current activity affected deposition more during the last glacial period than during the present and penultimate interglacial periods of the last 127,000 years based on the presence of an erosional regional unconformity that ended in the upper part of the glacial interval and on the change in pattern of silt and clay accumulation rates in the glacial interval relative to interglacial intervals.
Effects of paradimethylaminoazobenzene and the antioxidant N,N'-diphenyl-p-phenylene diamine in developing chicks.

Les embryons de poulet traites au paradimethylaminoazobenzene (PDAB) sont deformes. Le traitement au N,N′-dimethyl-p-phenylene diamine (DPPD) n'immunise pas contre ces deformations, car dans ce cas, les radicaux libres formes par le PDAB n'entrent pas en jeu.
D/H FRACTIONATION IN THE SYSTEM METHANE-HYDROGEN-WATER

We report measurements of the equilibrium DH fractionation factor (a) between methane and hydrogen in the temperature range 200–500°C. Isotopic equilibrium was achieved by recycling the gases over a Ni-Thoria catalyst, using an in-line sampling volume for sequestering aliquots of the gas mixture without contributions from adsorbed gases on the catalyst. Equilibrium values of a were approached from both sides by use of (1) enriched CH3D in the initial mixture and (2) pre-equilibration of the gases at temperatures below that of the final equilibrium mixture. The measured values of a are linear vs. 1T2 and fit the equation a = 0.8994 + 183,540/T2, with a standard deviation σ = ±2.5‰. The DH fractionation factors for water vapor-hydrogen exchange measured by Suess (1949) and by Cerrai et al. (1954) are also linear in α vs. 1T2 over the temperature range of the data: comparison with published DH ratios in high-temperature (1127°C) volcanic gases at Surtsey volcano shows that the Suess (1949) data are much closer to the observed ratios in H2 and H2O. The Suess (1949) measurements (80– 200°C) are also much closer to the theoretical values calculated by Bardo and Wolfsberg (1976), which fit the observed Surtsey fractionations slightly better than the extrapolated Suess (1949) results. We conclude that (1) the Suess (1949) measurements are the better set of experimental data, (2) the Surtsey gases are close to isotopic equilibrium at the vent temperatures, and (3) the Bardo and Wolfsberg (1976) theoretical equation gives the best representation of the H2OH2 fractionation factors. This equation is combined with the Horita and Wesolowski (1994) equation for H2O liquid-vapor fractionation factors and can be used with the CH4HZ a values to determine whether concordant temperatures are observed in the system CH4H2H20. Application to the DH ratios in the East Pacific Rise hydrothermal vents measured by Welhan and Craig (1979) shows that concordant temperatures are obtained for both CH4H2 and H2OH2 data, and are close to the approximate vent temperatures (∼350°C). We note that fractionation equations in which a, rather than In a, is fit to powers of T are much more useful for geochemical studies because the precision estimate is uniform over the entire temperature range of the data.
DFT Investigation of alkoxide formation from olefins in H-ZSM-5

We present a density functional theory (DFT) study of propene, 1-hexene, and 3-hexene protonation over representative H-ZSM-5 clusters to give covalent alkoxide intermediates. The influence of cluster size, olefin carbon number, olefin conformation, proton siting, aluminum siting, and bonding configuration (primary vs secondary) of the alkoxide intermediate was analyzed. We found the formation of a physisorbed π-complex involving the olefin double bond and the acidic proton to be relatively independent of olefin structure and site geometry. However, we show that the proton-transfer process for formation of the covalent alkoxide intermediate involves a carbenium-ion-like transition state, with an activation energy that is (1) dependent on the protonation site of the olefin and (2) relatively independent of the carbon number and double bond location of the olefin. Accessibility of the alkoxide oxygen site in the cavity was observed to play a significant role in the stability of the alkoxy species. We find t...
Control charts applying a general sequential test at each sampling point

A control chart is proposed which applies a generalized sequential probability ratio test (SPRT) at fixed sampling intervals.the GSPRT chart, to monitor a parameter θ.which indexes a variable X with a genrnal distribution. Expression in terms of integral equations are developed for the moments of the zero-time and steady time to signal and number of observation to signal of the GSPRT chart. Comparsion are made between the performance of the GSPRT chart and the fixed sampling interval (FSI) and variable sampling interval (vsI) X and CUSUM charts. The GSPRT chart is found to be highly efficient and to have administrative advantages General Guidelines are provided for the design of GSPRT charts.