cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Miniaturized Two-Element Monopole Mimo Filtantenna Array for V2V Applications

In this paper, we present a new filtantenna design consisting of two wire monopole antennas operating at 3.55 GHz integrated with a planar printed-circuit filter. The antenna array is intended for Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) systems and can be easily installed on moving platforms. The filter is etched from the ground plane of the antenna mounting structure and consists of 25 mm × 15 mm outer rectangular frame that has a width of 0.5 mm. This frame encloses three parallel slots, 24.21 mm in length, inserted symmetrically inside the frame between the coaxial-fed monopole antennas. The slots are 0.5 mm in width and uniformly separated by 0.25 mm. The two monopoles have a height of 17.35 mm each, a diameter of 1.27 mm, both are separated by eight mm, which corresponds to λ/10.56, where λ is the free-space wavelength at 3.55 GHz. The monopoles and the filter are placed on a 90 mm × 90 mm × 3.175 mm RO5880 substrate with a dielectric constant of 2.2 and a loss tangent of 9 ×10 −4 . The filtantenna array provides 26.6% matching impedance bandwidth below −10 dB centered at 3.84 GHz and 18% mutual coupling suppression bandwidth below −20 dB centered at 3.4 GHz. Figure 1 shows the simulated scattering parameters of the proposed filtantenna array design (decoupled antenna array) compared to the same antenna array without the printed-circuit filter (coupled antenna array) The operating bandwidth of the decoupled antenna array over which the matched impedance is below −10 dB and the mutual coupling is below −20 dB is 370 MHz extending from 3.33 GHz to 3.7 GHz. It can be seen that the matching impedance of the coupled array is above −10 dB while and the mutual coupling of the coupled antenna array has been reduced from −5.2 dB to −34.2 dB
Pork, risk, or reaction? The determinants of US counterterrorist funding

A wealth of literature exists on the relationship between a country’s domestic politics and its counterterrorism policies, yet few examine this relationship in the US. Past studies examining counte...
Souslin cardinals, κ-souslin sets and the scale property in the hyperprojective hierarchy

Let Θ = sup{ξ : ξ is the length of a prewellordering of the set of reals R(= ω^ω)}. Let K < Θ be an infinite cardinal. The class §(k) of k-Souslin sets has some well-known closure properties, i.e. it is closed under continuous substitutions , countable intersections and unions, and existential quantification over R.
Combining Gabor features: summing vs. voting in human face recognition

Gabor wavelet-based feature extraction has been emerging as one of the most promising ways to represent human face image data. In this paper, we examine the performance of two types of classifiers that can be used with Gabor features. In the first classifier, the distance between two images is computed by summing the local distances among all the nodes. In the second classifier, a voting strategy is used In addition, we examine two types of shift optimization procedures. The first is the standard elastic graph matching algorithm, and the second is a constrained version of the algorithm. Experimental results indicate that the voting-based classifier with constrained elastic graph matching gives improved results.
Improving Project Management Through a Shared Understanding of Project Risk and Return

Organizations are increasingly interested in improving IT project management in a multi-project or portfolio environment. This research presents a project assessment methodology based on defining a common risk-return vocabulary between IT and business stakeholders. The proposed methodology could help project managers highlight any differences in perceptions between business and IT that might impact the project negatively, if not managed properly. The use of the assessment methodology in a multi-project environment is illustrated using data from a diversified company. A number of managerial implications are then drawn highlighting how the methodology could be useful in practice.
Potentially Pluto‐bound

NASA has given the green light to a proposal to proceed with preliminary design studies for a mission to Pluto and the Kuiper Belt. The project, labeled “New Horizons: Shedding Light on Frontier Worlds,” could launch in 2006 and fly by Pluto before 2020. But first, according to NASA, the project will need to pass a “confirmation review” of mission risks, including regulatory approval for its nuclear power source, and win sufficient funds from Congress. The mission received $30 million in Congressional funding for fiscal year 2002 for final design work and for contracting the launch vehicle, but the White House budget plan currently does not include mission funding for subsequent years.
Oil, Water, and Climate: An Introduction

Foreword Introduction 1. Overview 2. Carbon dioxide emissions, global warming, and water resources 3. Population, environmental impacts, and climate change 4. Carbon cycle and human impacts on it 5. Peak oil, energy, water, and climate 6. Oil consumption and CO2 emissions from transportation 7. Oil, economy, power, and conflicts 8. Energy alternatives and their connection to water and climate 9. The water cycle and global warming 10. Freshwater availability, sanitation deficit, and water usage - connection to energy and global warming 11. Rivers, lakes, aquifers, and dams - relation to energy and climate 12. Water contamination, energy, and climate 13. Geopolitics of water and the international situation 14. Water alternatives 15. Global climate change - observations, modeling, and predictions 16. Energy and water challenges and solutions in a changing climate framework - commonality, differences, and connections.
Abstract 4424: Analysis of 1115 patients tested for MET amplification and therapy response in the MD Anderson phase I clinic

Background: Increased c-Met activity has been implicated in numerous oncologic processes. However, its prevalence among different cancers, association with demographics and genetic aberrations, and implication in therapy resistance has not been fully described. Patients and Methods: Between May 2010 to November 2012, 3607 patients were referred to the investigational cancer therapeutics department at MD Anderson Cancer Center for consideration of a phase I protocol. Among these patients, 1115 underwent MET amplification testing via fluorescence in-situ hybridization and were included in this analysis. Copy numbers are expressed as a ratio to the centromeric gene CEP7 with amplification defined as MET/CEP7 ≥2 or >20 gene copies in >10% of nuclei. Patient demographic, histologic, and molecular characteristics were stratified based on MET amplification status. Among patients with MET amplification, 20 were treated on a phase I protocol and evaluated for therapy response. Responses were categorized by RECIST criteria with objective responses defined as stable disease lasting ≥6 months or any observed partial responses. Categorical variables were compared via Chi-Squared and Fisher Exact Tests, while continuous variables were compared via Student9s T-Test. Overall survival from the date of first consultation at our phase I clinic were compared via the Log-Rank test. Results: Twenty-nine (2.6%) patients exhibited MET amplification (median 3.48; range 2.05-16.14). Of these, 2 exhibited MET/CEP7 ratios 20 MET copies among >10% of nuclei. The highest prevalence was in tumors of adrenal (2 of 13; 15%) and renal (4 of 28; 14%) origins. Stratifying by MET amplification status, no differences were observed in demographic characteristics including age, ethnicity, or gender (all P>0.10). Amplified patients exhibited more organ systems involved with metastatic disease (median 3 vs. 4, P=0.0005). MET amplification was correlated with higher incidence of BRAF mutation, high-grade histology, and PTEN loss (all P Conclusions: Although caution must be stressed when interpreting these results, MET amplification exhibits an association with higher metastatic burden, specific molecular characteristics (BRAF mutation, PTEN loss), and high grade histology. Patients with MET amplification in this cohort exhibited a high response rate to VEGFR inhibitors while c-Met targeted agents showed little activity. Citation Format: Chad Tang, Denis Jardim, Debora Gagliato, Gerald Falchook, Kenneth Hess, Siqing Fu, Jennifer Wheler, Ralph Zinner, Aung Naing, Apostolia Tsimberidou, Funda Meric-Bernstam, David Hong. Analysis of 1115 patients tested for MET amplification and therapy response in the MD Anderson phase I clinic. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4424. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4424
Places to Go: Facebook

Facebook was launched as "thefacebook" in September 2004 by Harvard student Mark Zuckerberg (Yadav 2006). It followed a by then well-established model for social networking Web sites, following a trail blazed by Friendster and Tribe, among others. What distinguished Facebook was its focus on education and its requirement that members must be affiliated with a recognized English-speaking university as signified by the having of an e-mail address from that institution.
Coplanar Waveguide Transitions

This chapter presents transitions between coplanar waveguide (CPW) and other microwave transmission media, such as microstrip, slotline, coplanar stripline (CPS), balanced stripline, and rectangular waveguide. The geometry and the measured performance characteristics of a transition are summarized wherever possible.
Spin-dependent transport of C o − S i O 2 granular films approaching percolation

Spin-dependent transport in ${\mathrm{Co}}_{x}({\mathrm{SiO}}_{2}{)}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}$ granular films was investigated just below percolation (volume fraction $x=0.38,$ 0.41, 0.46, and 0.50). ${\mathrm{C}\mathrm{o}\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{S}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ is an ideal system for investigating magnetic nanoparticle properties since the ${\mathrm{C}\mathrm{o}\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{S}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ interfaces are of high quality with no evidence of intermixing, and the saturation magnetization is consistent with bulk values. Transport in these films involves tunneling or hopping. The magnetoresistance is consistent with a spin polarization of 0.26 for the electrons tunneling across the ${\mathrm{C}\mathrm{o}\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{S}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ interface, independent of metallic volume fraction and temperature. Ferromagnetic correlations among the Co nanoparticles are evident in the zero-field-cooled (ZFC) state of ${\mathrm{C}\mathrm{o}\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{S}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ granular films. For $x=0.41,$ the correlation is among isolated particles of 40 \AA{} diameter. For $x=0.46$ and 0.50, at room temperature, there is some ferromagnetic correlation due to dipolar fields from short chains of connected particles. In the ZFC state at 77 K for $x=0.46$ and 0.50, there are ferromagnetic correlations involving particles that are superparamagnetic at room temperature, similar to the correlation observed for $x=0.41$ at 77 K.
Relationship between catecholamines and the periodicity of spontaneous uterine activity in a nonpregnant primate (Macaca mulatta).

Abstract Rhesus monkeys were used to delineate the relationships of the variations in and circadian patterns of spontaneous uterine activity and neurohormones. Measurements were made in unanesthetized, nonpregnant animals confined to restraining chairs and maintained in a controlled environment. Part I of the study correlated average intrauterine pressure and frequency of contractions with endogenous norepinephrine and epinephrine excretion. Differences related to menstrual phase and time of day were recorded in all four variables. Lowest values occurred in the secretory phase during the periods of darkness, and highest values occurred in the proliferative phase during the periods of light. Intrauterine pressure and norepinephrine excretion consistently exhibited diurnal variations conforming to sine curves and were statistically correlated (r = 0.838, p
System Requirements and Specifications

The sections in this article are 1 Problems and Issues Concerning System Requirements and Specifications Development 2 System Requirements and Specifications Processes 3 Characteristics of System Requirements and Specifications That Influence The Process 4 Tool Support For Management of System Requirements and Specifications 5 Final Observations Keywords: client needs; user requirements; system definition; systems acquisition; requirements engineering; specification languages; knowledge acquisition; natural languages; risk management; prototypes
Concurrent physical activity increases fat oxidation during the shift to a high-fat diet

Background: It takes several days to adapt to a high-fat diet. In an earlier study, we observed a large degree of interindividual variation in the capacity to adapt to a high-fat diet. We hypothesized that concurrent physical activity would accelerate fat oxidation during an isoenergetic high-fat diet. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the effect of increased physical activity on the ability of young healthy men to increase fat oxidation during the shift to a high-fat diet. Design: Six young healthy men participated in a randomized, single-blind crossover study. The volunteers consumed a diet contributing 37% of energy as fat, 14% as protein, and 49% as carbohydrate for 4 d. Energy expenditure and macronutrient balance were then measured in a respiration chamber as the energy content of the isoenergetic diet was changed to 50% fat, 14% protein, and 36% carbohydrate. Treadmill walking, as the physical activity, was used to increase total daily energy expenditure to 1.8 times the resting metabolic rate during I of 2 stays in the metabolic chamber. Total daily energy expenditure was maintained at 1.4 times the resting metabolic rate for the other stay. Results: Energy balance was not significantly different between the 2 conditions. The 24-h respiratory quotient decreased more rapidly and to a greater extent under conditions of increased energy expenditure. Further, there was a decrease in the interindividual variability in the response of the respiratory quotient to a high-fat diet with increased energy expenditure (physical activity). Cumulative carbohydrate and protein balances were greater under conditions of increased physical activity. Conversely, cumulative fat balance was greater under sedentary conditions. Conclusion: Concurrent physical activity increases fat oxidation during the shift to a high-fat diet.
Elastic and inelastic scattering of 120 MeV 18O from 208Pb and the spin alignment of the 2+ state of 18O

Abstract The elastic and inelastic scattering of 18 O ions at 120 MeV from a target of 208 Pb have been studied. Cross sections for excitation of the 2 + state at 1.982 MeV in 18 O and of the 3 − state at 2.61 MeV in 208 Pb were measured. In addition, the populations of the m -substates for the 18 O excitation were deduced from the Doppler-broadened line shapes. The data were subjected to a coupled-channels analysis using either Woods-Saxon or folding-model potentials. In addition, the 18 O excitation was found to be described very well by use of a semi-microscopic model. The analyses consistently indicated the presence of a positive static hexadecapole moment of several e · fm 4 for the 2 + state of 18 O. The m -substate population distributions were found to be better fitted if a vector spin-orbit coupling was introduced for the 2 + state of 18 O with a sign opposite to that for the nucleon-nucleus case.
Swarm cognition in honey bees

We synthesize findings from neuroscience, psychology, and behavioral biology to show that some key features of cognition in the neuron-based brains of vertebrates are also present in the insect-based swarm of honey bees. We present our ideas in the context of the cognitive task of nest-site selection by honey bee swarms. After reviewing the mechanisms of distributed evidence gathering and processing that are the basis of decision making in bee swarms, we point out numerous similarities in the functional organization of vertebrate brains and honey bee swarms. These include the existence of interconnected subunits, parallel processing of information, a spatially distributed memory, layered processing of information, lateral inhibition, and mechanisms of focusing attention on critical stimuli. We also review the performance of simulated swarms in standard psychological tests of decision making: tests of discrimination ability and assessments of distractor effects.
Vortex States in Nonrotating Liquid 4He

This paper presents an analysis which indicates that in a temperatur range staring below T/sub lambda/, quantized vortices may form spontaneously in liquid /sup 4/He even if there is no macroscopic rotation. The theory is based on statistical mechanical calculations within the context of an elementary excitation model, and on the assumption that the circulation for superfluid motion is quantized. Implications of the results for thermal and scattering properties of the liquid near T/sub lambda/ are briefly discussed.
Educating Medical Laboratory Technologists: Revisiting Our Assumptions in the Current Economic and Health-Care Environment

Health care occupies a distinct niche in an economy struggling to recover from recession. Professions related to the care of patients are thought to be relatively resistant to downturns, and thus become attractive to students typically drawn to more lucrative pursuits. Currently, a higher profile for clinical laboratory technology among college students and those considering career change results in larger and better prepared applicant pools. However, after decades of contraction marked by closing of programs, prospective students encounter an educational system without the capacity or vigor to meet their needs. Here discussed are some principles and proposals to allow universities, partnering with health-care providers, government agencies, and other stake-holders to develop new programs, or reenergize existing ones to serve our students and patients. Principles include academic rigor in biomedical and clinical science, multiple points of entry for students, flexibility in format, cost effectiveness, career ladders and robust partnerships.
Surface molecular recognition

The spatial display of cellular ligands and receptors is important for cell adhesion and communication. Two approaches that emphasize developing selective methods to dissect, modify, and control receptor–ligand interactions at the cellular interface are discussed.
Native mass spectrometry of photosynthetic pigment-protein complexes.

Native mass spectrometry (MS), or as is sometimes called “native electrospray ionization” allows proteins in their native or near-native states in solution to be introduced into the gas phase and interrogated by mass spectrometry. This approach is now a powerful tool to investigate protein complexes. This article reviews the background of native MS of protein complexes and describes its strengths, taking photosynthetic pigment–protein complexes as examples. Native MS can be utilized in combination with other MS-based approaches to obtain complementary information to that provided by tools such as X-ray crystallography and NMR spectroscopy to understand the structure–function relationships of protein complexes. When additional information beyond that provided by native MS is required, other MS-based strategies can be successfully applied to augment the results of native MS.
Adaptation and equivalence in open-ocean phytoplankton

Two marine phytoplankton species of the North Atlantic Ocean have inherently differt growth responses to changing nutrient conditions. Yet they co-occur. Thus, they can be compared under the same conditions via equivalence, provided that their adaptedness is linked to their responsiveness as follows. If Species x is adapted to nutrient changes, then it is responsive to these conditions and, certainly, if it is responsive to these conditions, then it is adapted to them. There is another expression that is equivalent to this one (that says the same thing): either Species x is adapted and responsive to these conditions or it is neither adapted nor responsive to them. The option just mentioned is resolved so that Emiliania huxleyi as Species “x” is adapted and responsive and Cyclococcolithus leptoporus as Species “x” is not adapted and not responsive. All the frequently observed species in the winter half of the year, November to April, from 1961 to 1972 are like E. huxleyi in being adapted and responsive or like C. leptoporus in being unadapted and unresponsive.
Sex Differences in Self-Confidence: The Influence of Comparison to Others' Ability Level.

Previous investigators have suggested that women display lower self-confidence than men in almost all achievement settings. The validity of this suggestion is assessed in an experiment testing the impact of comparison to others upon sex differences. Male and female undergraduates, who expected to cooperate in the future with a same-sex partner of high, average, or low ability, selected a difficulty level for an achievement test, completed the test, evaluated their own performance, and estimated their future partner's probable performance. As predicted, only when subjects' future partner was highly competent did women select an easier test than men, perform less well, and compare themselves less favorably to their partner. Also, women's, but not men's, self-evaluations depended upon their partner's ability level. It is concluded that sex differences are moderated by social comparison variables. Cognitive processes that may underlie such differences are discussed.
Examining thought in action: A theoretical and methodological critique of research on interactive teaching

Abstract The current status and condition of theory and method related to research on interactive teaching is examined using conceptions from cognitive psychological theory, sociolinguistics, and research on professional thinking. Specifically, the conception of teacher-as-decision-maker and the method of stimulated recall are critiqued as means for understanding and researching teachers' thinking-in-action. It is suggested that these be replaced with a conception of teacher-as-professional and a multimethod research approach combining constitutive ethnography, microanalysis of psychological tasks, and in-depth knowledge interviews.
Uniqueness of positive solutions for a class of semilinear elliptic systems

We prove existence and uniqueness of positive solutions for the system Δu =-λf(v), Δv =-µg(u) in B u = v = 0 on ∂B, where B is the open unit ball in RN, f, g : R+ → R+ and f(x) ∼ xp, g(x) ∼ xq at ∞ for some p,q > 0 with pq < 1.
Electrical Energy Used and Time Consumed When Cooking Foods by Various Home Methods: Chickens

Abstract Broilers and fowl (spent Leghorn hens) were cooked by various home methods and the electrical energy and time required for cooking were recorded. Broilers were cooked by three oven methods, four frying methods, a microwave oven and two slow cooker methods. Fowl were cooked by four slow cooker methods. Electrical energy was recorded for all cooking methods by the use of an appliance meter in the circuit. An energy efficiency analysis was calculated to determine the allotment of input energy to the cooking process to cooking the chicken, to energy stored in the utensils, and to energy losses to radiation, convection, and evaporation. Results indicate that energy used in cooking chicken can best be conserved by: 1) using the smallest size appliance for the task; 2) minimizing moisture loss by covering the utensil and/or a short cooking time; or 3) using the microwave oven.
Viral Late Domains

Domains have been identified in the Gag proteins of a number of retroviruses, and in the matrix proteins of the rhabdoviruses and filoviruses, that play a critical role in the pinching off of virus particles from the plasma membrane. These sequences are collectively termed late or L domains to reflect their function late in the virus budding process. One of the intriguing features of these L domains is that they all contain highly conserved motifs known to mediate protein-protein interactions between cellular proteins. Three classes of motifs have been defined in viral L domains: PTAP, PPXY, and YXXL. In each case, the integrity of these motifs appears to be essential for L domain activity, suggesting that L domains function by interacting with a host factor(s). This minireview summarizes the present state of our knowledge concerning viral L domain function and describes recent tantalizing clues regarding the identity of the cellular partners with which L domains interact.
Identifying important micro-habitat characteristics of muskellunge spawning locations in the upper Niagara River

Abstract Conserving and restoring muskellunge ( Esox masquinongy ) spawning habitat are essential for maintaining self-sustaining populations. A Maxent model was developed based on presence and background data to investigate the relationship between the occurrence of spawning muskellunge and habitat features in the upper Niagara River. Muskellunge spawning points (n = 15) were determined by direct observation of spawning pairs. Model inputs were based on micro-habitat features collected at each spawning point and a sample of 250 background habitat points. The full model was reduced to a four variable model to remove uninformative variables and reduce overfitting and redundancy. Model performance was evaluated based on the mean test gain of cross-validated models (n = 15). Model outputs identified aquatic macrophyte/algae coverage as the most important habitat feature at spawning locations. The relative probability of muskellunge spawning increased with the percent rank of total aquatic macrophyte/algae coverage, water velocity, and water depth and it was highest at points with muddy-sand to sand substrates. Mean test gain (0.68; SE = 0.52) of the cross-validated models indicated that the likelihood of an average muskellunge spawning point was nearly two times greater than an average background point. Results from this research advance our knowledge of muskellunge reproductive ecology, while providing scientists and managers with quantitative measures to guide habitat conservation and restoration.
Diisocyanate-linked polymers. I. Dilute-solution properties of toluene diisocyanate-extended polypropylene glycol†‡

A study was made of the dilute solution properties and the molecular weight distribution of a polyurethane polymer prepared from polypropylene glycol 2025 and toluene-2,4-diisocyanate by a bulk polymerization under anhydrous conditions at 60°C. Such conditions were chosen to minimize possible side reactions which could produce branching. The polymer, which had a weight-average molecular weight of 36,500, was separated into fourteen fractions by fractional precipitation from a benzene solution with isooctane as precipitant. The fractions were characterized by light scattering measurements on methanol solutions and by dilute solution viscosities in methanol, benzene, and a theta-solvent. The molecular weight distribution of the unfractionated polymer and the relations between molecular weight and intrinsic viscosity in the various solvents were determined. Polymer configurations and interaction parameters are discussed.
Amino acid sequence of the testosterone-regulated mouse kidney RP2 protein deduced from its complementary DNA sequence

The major forms of testosterone-regulated RP2 messenger RNA (also known as MAK mRNA and pMK908) in the mouse kidney were characterized by examining cDNA and genomic clones. Three sizes of RP2 mRNA are detected by Northern blot analysis and these were shown to result from polyadenylation at three distinct sites within the primary transcript of this single-copy gene. The complete RP2 mRNA sequence was obtained from overlapping cDNA clones, revealing an open reading frame of 357 amino acids that corresponds to a protein of 40,385 daltons. The detection of RP2 mRNA in all tissues examined to date suggests that the RP2 protein may function in a housekeeping role In all cells. This is supported by the finding of a high percentage of G+C residues at the 5' end of the gene, including a sequence homologous to the binding site of the transcription factor Sp1, which has been suggested to affect the regulation of other housekeeping genes that have been characterized. An examination of the amino acid sequence indicates that the RP2 protein is praline-rich and is composed of alternating alpha-helix and beta-sheet regions. RP2 is probably not integrated into a membrane structure in the cell as it does not appear to contain hydrophobic regions capable of spanning a membrane.
The Need for Selective Recruitment in Home Economics

WHAT KIND of students elect Home Economics as their major field of study ? How well endowed are they to achieve successfully in their work at the Uni versity? How strong is their interest in Home Eco nomics? How well do they attain their goal of grad uation? In an attempt to answer these questions a study was undertakenat U. C. L. A. in 1953, whose definitive outlines will be drawn from standardized tests. The tests used in the study were selected by the faculty of the Department of Home Economics. They included the American Council on Education Psycho logical Examination for Freshmen(A. C. E.), the Strong Vocational Interest Test for Women, the Co operative English Testand the Guilford-Zimmerman Temperament Survey. The tests were administered by the Student Counseling Service at the beginning of each semester. The students were requested to take the tests as soon after admittance to the University as possible. Only the first two tests will be consid ered in the present analyses. The data represents a stratified random sample drawn from 477 women students in Home Economics who had taken the battery o f tests over a four year period between February, 1953, and February, 1957. The random sample was chosen by selecting every third student in each class from freshmen to graduate.
Notes on the regularity of harmonic map systems

In this note, we provide an alternative proof of C-regularity of continuous weak solutions to the system of harmonic map or heat flow of harmonic maps by Riesz potential estimates between Morrey spaces.
Computational Anatomy Gateway: Leveraging XSEDE Computational Resources for Shape Analysis

Computational Anatomy (CA) is a discipline focused on the quantitative analysis of the variability in biological shape. The Large Deformation Diffeomorphic Metric Mapping (LDDMM) is the key algorithm which assigns computable descriptors of anatomical shapes and a metric distance between shapes. This is achieved by describing populations of anatomical shapes as a group of diffeomorphic transformations applied to a template, and using a metric on the space of diffeomorphisms. LDDMM is being used extensively in the neuroimaging (www.mristudio.org) and cardiovascular imaging (www.cvrgrid.org) communities. There are two major components involved in shape analysis using this paradigm. First is the estimation of the template, and second is calculating the diffeomorphisms mapping the template to each subject in the population. Template estimation is a computationally expensive problem, which involves an iterative process, where each iteration calculates one diffeomorphism for each target. These can be calculated in parallel and independently of each other, and XSEDE is providing the resources, in particular those provided by the cluster Stampede, that make these computations for large populations possible. Mappings from the estimated template to each subject can also be run in parallel. In addition, the use of NVIDIA Tesla GPUs available on Stampede present the possibility of speeding up certain convolution-like calculations which lend themselves well to the General Purpose GPU computation model. We are also exploring the use of the available Xeon Phi Co-processors to increase the efficiency of our codes. This will have a huge impact on both the neuroimaging and cardiac imaging communities as we bring these shape analysis tools online for use by these communities through our webservice (www.mricloud.org), with the XSEDE Computational Anatomy Gateway providing the resources to handle the computational demands for large populations.
On the Distribution of Axonal Terminals Containing Spheroidal and Flattened Synaptic Vesicles in the Hippocampus and Dentate Gyrus of the Rat and Cat

A quantitative analysis has been made of the distribution of presynaptic profiles containing round (or spheroidal) and flattened (or ellipsoidal) synaptic vesicles in the apical and basal dendritic zones and in the layer of pyramidal cell somata of fields CA1 and CA3 of the hippocampus, and in the molecular and granular layers of the dentate gyrus of the rat and cat. In the apical and basal dendritic zones of fields CA1 and CA3 the overwhelming majority of the synapses are of the asymmetrical variety, the axon terminals ending principally upon dendritic spines, and to a lesser extent upon the shafts and secondary or tertiary branches of the dendrites. Between 1 and 8% of the axon terminals in these zones contained flattened vesicles: all of these formed symmetrical contacts upon medium-sized or large dendritic shafts. In the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus a slightly higher percentage of flattened vesicle containing profiles was observed (∼10%); again these formed symmetrical contacts upon dendritic shafts. In the stratum pyramidale of the hippocampal fields and the stratum granulosum of the dentate gyrus of the rat, flattened vesicle containing synapses are two or three times more numerous than those with spheroidal vesicles. In the cat hippocampus the axosomatic synapses are about equally distributed between those containing round, and those with flattened vesicles. The finding that at the focus of post-synaptic inhibition, at the level of the pyramidal cell somata, the majority of the axon terminals contains flattened synaptic vesicles, whereas in the region of termination of the extrinsic, commissural and long association pathways (all of which are excitatory) virtually all the synapses contain round vesicles, strongly supports the view that endings containing flattened vesicles mediate post-synaptic inhibition in the hippocampal formation.
Vagility as a Liability: Risk Assessment of the Leaf-Blotching Bug Eucerocoris Suspectus (Hemiptera: Miridae), A Prospective Biological Control Agent of the Australian Tree Melaleuca Quinquenervia

ABSTRACT Melaleuca quinquenervia (Cav.) S.T. Blake (Myrtales: Myrtaceae) forms dense monocultures that displace native vegetation in wetlands of southern Florida, USA. Faunal studies in the tree's native Australian range revealed several prospective biological control agents, including the leaf-blotching bug, Eucerocoris suspectus Distant (Hemiptera: Miridae). This herbivore was imported into quarantine to assess risk to Florida native and ornamental species after preliminary Australian studies had indicated that it might be useful. Ornamental Melaleuca spp. suffered heavy feeding in no-choice adult feeding trials, with moderate feeding on some native Myrtaceae. Native species sustained light to heavy feeding in multichoice adult feeding trials and in a no-choice nymphal feeding trial. Feeding increased on native species in a large enclosure after M. quinquenervia was cut, allowed to dry, and then removed. Nymphs completed development only on M. quinquenervia and ornamental bottlebrushes, Melaleuca spp. H...
The spatial distribution of hyaluronic acid and mesenchymal condensation in the embryonic chick wing.

Abstract The development and localization of the mesenchymal extracellular matrix (ECM) in the early embryonic chick wing was studied by TEM using a fixative which enhanced the preservation of glycosaminoglycans, especially hyaluronic acid (HA) (Singley and Solursh, Histochemistry 65, 93–102, 1980). From stage 19 to stage 24 of Hamburger and Hamilton there was a progressive increase in the density of ECM in the muscle and loose connective tissue forming peripheral region. By comparison, the density of ECM remained very low in the prechondrogenic core. The major component of the ECM responsible for the observed increase in density appeared to be HA, based on its mophology and lability to Streptomyces hyaluronidase (S. Hase). At stage 26 the concentration of the HA-like matrix component was greatly reduced in the myogenic areas and, to a lesser degree, in areas of loose connective tissue formation. The distribution of S. Hase-sensitive grains over extracellular areas in autoradiograms of [3H]glucosamine-labeled wings at stage 24 paralleled the distribution of ECM. Injection of S. Hase into wing buds in ovo resulted in a drastic reduction in the amount of putative HA-rich matrix and a marked reduction of intercellular spaces (ICS). Experimentally induced hypotension in embryos prior to fixation resulted in a similar, but much less drastic, reduction of ICS in the limb periphery and a marked increase in the density of the ECM. The spatial organization of the ECM in the early limb and its sensitivity to hypotension are considered in relation to the classical phenomonon of formation of mesenchymal condensations.
Speciation Genetics: Search for the Missing Snowball

Theory predicts that, as species diverge from one another, the number of genetic incompatibilities causing sterility or inviability in interspecies hybrids grows faster than linearly, or snowballs. Two new genetic analyses now provide the first empirical support for this snowball effect.
The precriterion phase in verbal discrimination learning

Summary The purpose of the present study was to determine if increments in correct response occur in verbal discrimination learning during the precriterion trials. Previous studies of this issue have involved comparisons of different Ss and different items on successive trials, as fast learners and easy items reached criterion and were dropped from the analysis. In the present study, the precriterion data for each item was Vincentized into three blocks of trials; thus each item was equally weighted in all blocks of trials. Fifty-nine Ss learned a 15-item verbal discrimination task in which each item consisted of five CVCs, and S was to learn which CVC was correct for a given item. The Ss were divided into two groups which differed only in which CVC in an item was considered correct. After each item, S was told the correct response. Ss were given 20 trials. Precriterion trials were those preceding 80% correct performance on an item.Results indicated a progressive increment in correct responses during the precriterion trials. These results suggest that learning is incremental, rather than all-or-none, and is thus inconsistent with Bower's (1962) position. An alternative possibility, that Ss learn to eliminate incorrect responses, thus increasing the probability of guessing the correct response, is also inconsistent with Bower's (1962) position.
Development of and results from a chromatographic technique for the analysis of competitive adsorption on stabilized TiO2 surfaces

Abstract A unique size exclusion chromatography (SEC) technique is described and used to evaluate the competitive adsorptions of a nonionic formulation surfactant and nonionic Hydrophobe-modified Ethoxylated URethane (HEUR) thickeners on pretreated rutile titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ). The pigment is surface treated with Al 2 O 3 and with SiO 2 before it is dispersed by grinding in the preparation of latex coating formulations. Before the latex and thickener are added to this grind, an organic oligomeric acid and a nonionic surfactant are added to the pigment slurry. The organic oligomeric acids used in this study contain maleic acid and one of three alpha-olefins, 1-hexene (C 6 H 12 ), l-decene (C 10 H 20− ) or l-tetradecene (C 14 H 28− ). This grind is then let down into the latex formulation containing hydroxyethyl cellulose or HEUR thickener and other components. Without organic dispersant, the nonionic surfactant adsorbs on the silica treated pigment in alkaline media. Adsorptions of the oligomeric polyacid dispersant and nonionic surfactant were higher on TiO 2 containing high SiO 2 surface concentrations than those containing high Al 2 O 3 surface concentrations. Nonionic HEUR polymers and nonionic surfactants do not adsorb significantly on Al 2 O 3 treated TiO 2 unless the pigment is also pretreated with an organic dispersant possessing pendant hydrophobic groups. In competitive adsorption studies the HEUR polymers were not displaced from the organic dispersant stabilized TiO 2 surface by the nonionic formulation surfactant. This adsorption behavior contrasts with competitive adsorption studies on acrylic latices when the HEUR polymers have small or intermediate size terminal hydrophobes. The permanence of HEUR adsorption on inorganic and organic dispersant-treated titanium dioxide is consistent with the higher gloss noted in corresponding latex coating systems.
Use and safety of a new repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulator.

In order to test a new repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulator, the Dantec MagPro, we administered transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) at 1 Hz and 125% of motor threshold for an average of 204 s (until the coil temperature reached 40°C) and 20 Hz stimulation at 100% of motor threshold for 2 s every minute for 10 min, on different days to 10 healthy volunteers. We stimulated 6 scalp positions (primary motor area (M1) and sites 5 cm anterior and posterior on each hemisphere) with an 8-shaped coil. We tested immediate and delayed memory, verbal fluency, prolactin levels and EEG at the beginning of the study and after stimulation on each day. No abnormalities were found. Motor evoked potentials evoked with 1 Hz stimulation diminished progressively in amplitude, and 1 Hz stimulation of M1 caused inhibition lasting at least 1 min in 3 of 4 subjects who were tested with 0.1 Hz stimulation before and after the 1 Hz stimulation period. This did not occur with 20 Hz stimulation. Finger tapping frequency was tested at the beginning of the study and after TMS at each scalp site. Finger tapping rate data from 6 additional subjects who were stimulated in an identical fashion with a different stimulator were also analyzed. There was an increase in tapping rate after TMS which was independent of scalp site. This was most pronounced with 1 Hz stimulation at 125% of threshold and reached statistical significance in the hand contralateral to the stimulation. The results of this study indicate that rTMS with the MagPro stimulator is safe at specific combinations of intensity, frequency and train duration.
Electrophysiological retinal changes and visual deprivation

Abstract Adult cats were subjected to monocular or binocular light deprivation for periods ranging from 36 hr to 3 weeks. One week of deprivation resulted in a significant reduction of the ERG and an increased susceptibility to light adaptation, produced by dim background illumination or by continuous flicker. Following one week of light deprivation, exposure to room illumination for 3–5 days was sufficient to restore the b -wave to normal; longer periods of deprivation, required longer periods for recovery. These data suggest that relatively long-lasting but reversible changes in a “neural” adaptation mechanism may be produced by prolonged light deprivation in adult animals.
Visual Basic programs for one, two or three-dimensional geostatistical analysis

Abstract Two previously published FORTRAN-77 programs, FGAM and JCBLOK, are rewritten in Visual Basic 5.0 for 32-bit Windows 95/NT and educational applications. Each program is applicable to spatial data representing one, two or three-dimensions. Graphics are added for displaying computed variograms and color density slices of kriging results within the same windows used to launch the programs. Dynamic array allocation is automatically invoked by the programs without the need for a user to intervene, thus enabling efficient memory management independent of data set size. If analyzing one-dimensional strings of data (profiles), fractal dimensions are computed for four-lag increments of the variogram, thus enabling a scale-dependent analysis. Only the raw, spatial data need to be in a separate file because program options are set interactively using mouse click events motivated by the design of the window for each program. Simplified Geo-EAS input format is accommodated for these files, or generic files are accommodated having allowable record lengths up to 100 values per record.
Local-field method for resistivity and electromigration in metallic microstructures: Application to thin films.

A local-field method is described for determining the microscopic potential, the electrical resistivity, and the electromigration driving force on an impurity in a metallic microstructure. The method is an extension of Landauer's picture of residual-resistivity dipoles to microstructures, with greater emphasis placed upon the details of the quantum-mechanical scattering process. Using a microscopic, surface-impurity model for surface roughness, we apply the method to a metallic thin film. When the film thickness is smaller than the mean free path, the surface resistivity is found to have oscillatory behavior as a function of film thickness. The form of the oscillations depends upon multiple scattering between the surface impurity and the film surfaces. In thicker films, the Fuchs-Sondheimer result is recovered. The local potential set up by impurity scattering is dipolar in the near- and far-field regions. However, unlike the case of residual-resistivity dipoles in bulk, the effective dipole strength is generally different in the two regions. It is found that the residual-resistivity dipole field decays less rapidly with distance in a thin film than in bulk, thus resulting in a larger voltage drop across an impurity in a thin film. This field enhancement is expected in low-dimensional systems.
Information needs related to extension service and community outreach

Air quality affects everyone. Some people are affected by air quality impacts, regulations, and technological developments in several ways. Stakeholders include the medical community, ecologists, government regulators, industries, technology providers, academic professionals, concerned citizens, the news media, and elected officials. Each of these groups may perceive problems and opportunities differently, but all need access to information as it is developed. The diversity and complexity of air quality problems contribute to the challenges faced by extension and outreach professionals who must communicate with stakeholders having diverse backgrounds. Gases, particulates, biological aerosols, pathogens, and odors all require expensive and relatively complex technology to measure and control. Economic constraints affect the ability of regulators and others to measure air quality, and industry and others to control it. To address these challenges, while communicating air quality research results and concepts to stakeholders, three areas of information needs are evident. (1) A basic understanding of the fundamental concepts regarding air pollutants and their measurement and control is needed by all stakeholders; the Extension Specialist, to be effective, must help people move some distance up the learning curve. (2) Each problem or set of problems must be reasonably well defined since comprehensive solution of all problems simultaneously may not be feasible; for instance, the solution of an odor problem associated with animal production may not address atmospheric effects due to ammonia emissions. (3) The integrity of the communication process must be preserved by avoiding prejudice and protectionism; although stakeholders may seek to modify information to enhance their interests, extension and outreach professionals must be willing to present unwelcome information or admit to a lack of information. A solid grounding in fundamental concepts, careful and fair problem definition, and a resolute commitment to integrity and credibility will enable effective communication of air quality information to and among diverse stakeholders.