cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of a Discussion Tool on Collaborative Learning and Social Network Structure within an Organization

This study investigated the social network structure of booking officers at the Honolulu Police Department and how the introduction of an online discussion tool affected knowledge about operation of a booking module. Baseline data provided evidence for collaboration among officers in the same district using e-mail, telephone and face-to-face media but showed minimal collaboration between officers in different districts. On average, knowledge of the booking module was low. After introduction of the online discussion tool the social network structure changed, showing an increase in collaboration between different districts and an increase in knowledge of the booking module, even though frequency of collaboration did not increase significantly. The study suggests that the formation of new collaborative ties and passive participation ("lurking") are more significant for learning through information sharing in social networks than raw frequency of interaction.
How to Develop Module Logic Using Pseudo-Code and Stepwise Refinement

The use of pseudo-code and the stepwise refinement process in developing the logic of modules is discussed, and the advantages of this method are analyzed. An example is given to illustrate the steps to be taken in analyzing the function, selecting data structure and algorithm, abstracting the function in pseudo-code, expanding the function into subfunctions, and finally, verifying the function.
Innovative interprofessional geriatric education for medical and nursing students: focus on transitions in care.

Background: Interprofessional education (IPE) is crucial in fostering effective collaboration and optimal team-based patient care, all of which improve patient care and outcomes. Appropriate interprofessional communication is especially important in geriatrics where patients are vulnerable to adverse effects across the care continuum. Transitions in geriatric care are complex, involving several disciplines and requiring careful coordination. As part of the University of Virginia’s initiative on IPE, we developed and implemented an interprofessional geriatric education workshop for nursing and medical students with a focus on transitions in care. Methods: A total of 254 students (144 medical students, 107 nursing students and 3 unknown) participated in a 90-min interactive, case-based workshop. Nursing and medical faculty facilitated the monthly workshops with small groups of medical and nursing students over 1 year. Self-perceived competencies in IPE skills and attitudes toward interprofessional teamwork were measured through post-workshop surveys. Data were analyzed using descriptive and nonparametric statistics, excluding the three unknown students. Results: Over 90% of students were better able to describe the necessary interprofessional communication needed to develop a patient-centered care plan in transitioning patients between clinical sites. Four out of five students reported an enhanced appreciation of interprofessional teamwork. They were also able to identify legal, financial and social implications in transitions of care (75%). Nursing students consistently rated the workshop more highly than medical students across most domains ( P < 0.05). Conclusions: Students improved and demonstrated their knowledge of interprofessional communication and teamwork skills required in transitions of geriatric care. Introducing these concepts in medical and nursing training may help in fostering effective interprofessional communication and collaboration.
On gravity capillary lumps. Part 2. Two-dimensional Benjamin equation

A theoretical study is made of fully localized solitary waves, commonly referred to as ‘lumps’, on the interface of a two-layer fluid system in the case that the upper layer is bounded by a rigid lid and lies on top of an infinitely deep fluid. The analysis is based on an extension, that allows for weak transverse variations, of the equation derived by Benjamin (J. Fluid Mech. vol. 245, 1992, p. 401) for the evolution in one spatial dimension of weakly nonlinear long waves in this flow configuration, assuming that interfacial tension is large and the two fluid densities are nearly equal. The phase speed of the Benjamin equation features a minimum at a finite wavenumber where plane solitary waves are known to bifurcate from infinitesimal sinusoidal wavetrains. Using small-amplitude expansions, it is shown that this minimum is also the bifurcation point of lumps akin to the free-surface gravity–capillary lumps recently found on water of finite depth. Numerical continuation of the two symmetric lump-solution branches that bifurcate there reveals that the elevation-wave branch is directly connected to the familiar lump solutions of the Kadomtsev–Petviashvili equation, while the depression-wave branch apparently features a sequence of limit points associated with multi-modal lumps. Plane solitary waves of elevation, although stable in one dimension, are unstable to transverse perturbations, and there is evidence from unsteady numerical simulations that this instability results in the formation of elevation lumps.
Long-term economic modeling for climate change assessment

Abstract A growing concern for using large scale applied general equilibrium models to analyze energy and environmental policies has been whether these models produce reliable projections. Based on the latest MIT Economic Projection and Policy Analysis model we developed, this study aims to tackle this question in several ways, including enriching the representation of consumer preferences to generate changes in consumption pattern consistent to those observed in different stages of economic development, comparing results of historical simulations against actual data, and conducting sensitivity analyses of future projections to key parameters under various policy scenarios. We find that: 1) as the economies grow, the empirically observed income elasticities of demand are better represented by our setting than by a pure Stone–Geary approach, 2) historical simulations in general perform better in developed regions than in developing regions, and 3) simulation results are more sensitive to GDP growth than energy and non-energy substitution elasticities and autonomous energy efficiency improvement.
CD1d-expressing Dendritic Cells but Not Thymic Epithelial Cells Can Mediate Negative Selection of NKT Cells

Natural killer T (NKT) cells are a unique immunoregulatory T cell population that is positively selected by CD1d-expressing thymocytes. Previous studies have shown that NKT cells exhibit autoreactivity, which raises the question of whether they are subject to negative selection. Here, we report that the addition of agonist glycolipid α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer) to a fetal thymic organ culture (FTOC) induces a dose-dependent disappearance of NKT cells, suggesting that NKT cells are susceptible to negative selection. Overexpression of CD1d in transgenic (Tg) mice results in reduced numbers of NKT cells, and the residual NKT cells in CD1d-Tg mice exhibit both an altered Vβ usage and a reduced sensitivity to antigen. Furthermore, bone marrow (BM) chimeras between Tg and WT mice reveal that CD1d-expressing BM-derived dendritic cells, but not thymic epithelial cells, mediate the efficient negative selection of NKT cells. Thus, our data suggest that NKT cells developmentally undergo negative selection when engaged by high-avidity antigen or abundant self-antigen.
Infections related to the ingestion of seafood Part I: viral and bacterial infections

Foodborne diseases cause an estimated 76 million illnesses in the USA each year. Seafood is implicated in 10-19% of these illnesses. A causative agent can be traced in about 44% of seafood-related outbreaks, viruses accounting for around half of these illnesses. Although viruses are the most common cause of seafood-related infections, most hospitalisations and deaths are due to bacterial agents. A wide variety of viruses, bacteria, and parasites have been implicated in seafood-related outbreaks, which are reported worldwide. The factor most commonly associated with infection is consumption of raw or undercooked seafood. People with underlying disorders, particularly liver disease, are more susceptible to infection. The first part of this two-part review summarises the general incidence of seafood-related infections and discusses the common viral and bacterial causes of these infections. For each agent, the microbiology, epidemiology, mode of transmission, and treatment are discussed. In the May issue of the journal we will discuss parasites associated with seafood consumption, the safety of seafood, and the measures put in place in the USA to increase its safety.
Fiscal Impacts of an Innovative Highway Financing Alternative on State Highway Expenditures: The Case of Federal Assistance Funds in the State Infrastructure Bank (SIB) Programs

The National Highway System Designation Act of 1995 (P.L. 104-59) authorized the U.S. Department of Transportation to establish the State Infrastructure Bank (SIB) Pilot Programs. The bank allows the states to leverage state-matching funds and federal assistance funds by recycling the capitalization equity funds through various loan programs and borrowing directly from the credit market using the federal funds as collateral. This article analyzes the fiscal impacts of the federal assistance funds in the SIB programs, which are a new form of federal transportation grants to states, on state highway expenditures. Empirical findings, using the 32 SIB state data, show that $1 federal assistance fund deposited into the bank as of 1997 stretches limited state highway resources by as much as $7.55 for 3 years (1998-2000), for which data are available, mainly due to the leveraging effect. This study further suggests future research and policy directions.
Epilogue: The Future of the Discipline

Psychologists reading this last chapter may have noticed something rather peculiar. The audience, which for the rest of the book has generally been psychologists, now becomes “the academy.” In point of fact, the concluding chapter does not even include the word psychology. Instead it grapples with the fundamental tensions between the sciences and the humanities and argues that humanity at large must develop a global worldview grounded in a moral vision that supports the progress of science built on a clear foundation of human values. This raises the following question about the nature of the unified theory: Is the unified theory a new system of thought for psychology or is it a new scientific humanistic worldview for the academy at large? I have come to see it as both. And given that psychology has always lived on the fault lines of human knowledge, perhaps it should not come as a shock that the solution to the problem of psychology opens up a whole new way to view human knowledge and understand the human condition.
Wavelet-based spatial and temporal multiscaling: Bridging the atomistic and continuum space and time scales

A wavelet-based multiscale methodology is presented that naturally addresses time scaling in addition to spatial scaling. The method combines recently developed atomistic-continuum models and wavelet analysis. An atomistic one-dimensional harmonic crystal is coupled to a one-dimensional continuum. The methodology is illustrated through analysis of the dispersion relation, which is highly dispersive at small spatial scales and, as usual, nondispersive at large (continuum) scales. It is feasible to obtain the complete dispersion relation through the combination of the atomistic and the continuum analyses. Wavelet analysis in this work is not only used for bridging the atomistic and continuum scales but also for efficiently extracting the dispersion relation from the solution of wave propagation problems.
Understanding the drivers for the 20th century change of hydrogen peroxide in Antarctic ice-cores

[1] Observations and model simulations of an Antarctic ice-core record of hydrogen peroxide during the last ∼150 years are analyzed. The observations indicate a relative increase in hydrogen peroxide by approximately 50% since 1900, with most of the change since the early 1970s. Using two model simulations spanning 1850 to present, we show that the modeled relative change in annual-mean surface hydrogen peroxide parallels the equivalent signal from the ice core record. In addition, we show that this relative change can be explained by the relative changes in tropospheric ozone concentration and mostly in ozone photolysis rates (J(O1D)). The simulated signal is therefore intimately related to the changes in stratospheric ozone associated with increases in chlorofluorocarbons; this is further demonstrated using total ozone column observations and the associated observed change in ice-core hydrogen peroxide.
Quantifying and Querying Network Reachability

Quantifying and querying network reachability is important for security monitoring and auditing as well as many aspects of network management such as troubleshooting, maintenance, and design. Although attempts to model network reachability have been made, feasible solutions to computing network reachability have remained unknown. In this paper, we propose a suite of algorithms for quantifying reachability based on network configurations (mainly ACLs) as well as solutions for querying network reachability. We present a comprehensive network reachability model that considers connectionless and connection-oriented transport protocols, stateless and stateful routers/firewalls, static and dynamic NAT, PAT, etc. We implemented the algorithms in our network reachability analysis tool called Quarnet and conducted experiments on a university network. Experimental results show that the offline computation of reachability matrices takes a few hours and the online processing of a reachability query takes 0.075 seconds on average.
Chronic ethanol-induced subtype- and subregion-specific decrease in the mRNA expression of metabotropic glutamate receptors in rat hippocampus.

Background: Chronic ethanol consumption is known to induce adaptive changes in the hippocampal glutamatergic transmission and alter NMDA receptor binding and subunit expression. Metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors have been shown to function as modulators of neuronal excitability and can fine tune glutamatergic transmission. This study was aimed to determine whether chronic ethanol treatment could change the messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of mGlu receptors in the hippocampus. Methods: Male Sprague Dawley® rats were fed a Lieber-DeCarli liquid diet with 5% (w/v) ethanol or isocaloric amount of maltose for 2 months. Quantitative in situ hybridization was carried out using coronal brain sections through the hippocampus. Results: The results revealed decreases in mRNA expression of several mGlu receptors in different subregions of the hippocampus. In the dentate gyrus, mGlu3 and mGlu5 receptor mRNA levels were significantly lower in the ethanol-treated rats than in the control rats. In the CA3 region, the mRNA expression of mGlu1, mGlu5, and mGlu7 receptors showed substantial decreases after ethanol exposure. The mGlu7 receptor mRNA levels were also declined in the CA1 region and the polymorph layer of the dentate gyrus. No changes were found in mRNA expression of mGlu2, mGlu4, and mGlu8 receptors. Conclusions: Considering the involvement of hippocampal mGlu receptors in learning and memory processes as well as in neurotoxicity and seizure production, the reduced expression of these receptors might contribute to ethanol withdrawal-induced seizures and also may play a role in cognitive deficits and brain damage caused by long-term ethanol consumption.
FORMATION AND HOMOLOGY OF RADULAR TEETH; A CASE STUDY USING COLUMBELLID GASTROPODS (NEOGASTROPODA: COLUMBELLIDAE)

Radular morphology has contributed prominently to molluscan systematic classification, especially that of the Gastropoda. Inferences of homology have been based on the shape, number and position of radular teeth. In this study, we demonstrate the significance of the mode of radular formation in assessing hypotheses of homology. The columbellid radula, considered representative of the stenoglossate type, is used as a case study. The columbellid middle tooth is acuspate, spanning part of a wide membrane between two relatively large, complex lateral teeth. We examined radulae from several species with acuspate or multicuspate middle teeth, using histological and whole mount techniques, to compare the modes of formation. Our results show that acuspate rachidian structures in the species we examined are not secreted by odontoblastic fields as has been shown for radular teeth in other taxa, but are instead produced independently by other secretory cell types. The structure can not, therefore, be considered homologous to rachidian teeth, illustrating how different formational mechanisms can produce positionally equivalent structures. We suggest not using the term 'rachidian' to refer to the central plate in the columbellid radulae.
Clinical Mastitis Associated with Abortion in Dairy Cows

The objective of this study was to assess the association between clinical mastitis and abortion during early gestation in lactating dairy cows. During the study period, there were 2087 cows diagnosed pregnant, 60 cases of clinical mastitis, and 127 cases of abortion. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between the occurrence of mastitis and subsequent abortion. This study found that cows that had clinical mastitis during the first 45 d of gestation were at 2.7 (95% confidence interval = 1.3 to 5.6) times higher risk of abortion within the next 90 d than were cows without mastitis. Cows with a calving to conception interval > 174 d were at lower risk (43%) of abortion compared with cows with a calving to conception interval < 79 d (odds ratio = 0.6; 95% confidence interval = 0.3 to 0.9). Conception on a breeding detected by secondary signs of estrus was also significantly associated with increased risk of abortion (odds ratio = 1.7; 95% confidence interval = 1.1 to 2.8). No significant association was found between parity, breeding season, or milk production or use of prostaglandin F2 to induce successful estrus and subsequent abortion.
Contribution of vascular catheter material to the pathogenesis of infection: the enhanced risk of silicone in vivo.

There is currently very little information to suggest that polymer materials used to make vascular catheters differ in their risk of infection. A rabbit model of subcutaneous Staphylococcus aureus infection was used to determine the relative risk of infection associated with silicone, polyurethane, polyvinylchloride, and Teflon catheters. Seven days after catheter implantation and inoculation with S. aureus, catheters were observed for gross purulence and quantitatively cultured. Silicone catheters were found to have a greater risk of grossly apparent infection (purulence) and a greater number of organisms removed from catheters by quantitative culture than the other three catheter materials (P < .01). The risk of infection associated with silicone catheters decreased (P < .05) if the S. aureus inoculation was delayed for 2 days or if the catheters were preincubated in the subcutaneous space prior to insertion. The histology of the inflammatory response around the four catheter materials was evaluated at either 2 or 7 days after catheter insertion with or without S. aureus inoculation. Silicone catheters had greater associated inflammation (P < .05) with or without S. aureus inoculation. These results suggest that silicone catheter materials may have unique properties that increase the risk of infection after implantation. Further studies should be done to understand the mechanism(s) of these observations.
Objective endoscopic findings in patients with recurrent croup: 10-year retrospective analysis

Abstract Objective (1) To determine the incidence and severity of subglottic stenosis on endoscopic evaluation in a pediatric population of patients with recurrent croup. (2) To determine the incidence of abnormal findings on bronchoalveolar lavage and esophageal biopsy in a pediatric population with recurrent croup. Methods Case series with historical chart review of clinical data for pediatric patients (age ≤18 years) at a tertiary care children's hospital who underwent endoscopic evaluation of the upper aerodigestive tract with a diagnosis of recurrent croup over a ten-year period (2002–2012). Subglottic stenosis was graded on Myer–Cotton scale. Lipid-laden macrophages on bronchoalveolar lavage were noted as none/small/moderate/large with evidence of reflux noted as moderate or large. Esophageal biopsy specimens were evaluated for evidence of esophagitis. Data is expressed as mean ± SEM. Results 1825 charts were reviewed of which 197 met inclusion criteria. Mean age at endoscopy was 53 ± 3 months. Subglottic stenosis was noted in 41 patients (20.8%) with 95.1% being mild or Grade I. Abnormal findings on bronchoalveolar lavage were noted on 9.5% of bronchoalveolar lavage specimens. Abnormal esophageal biopsies were noted on 19.9% of specimens. Esophagitis was noted on 8.8% of biopsy specimens. Conclusions Subglottic stenosis is a risk factor for recurrent croup. Evidence suggestive of reflux may be noted on bronchoalveolar lavage or esophageal biopsy, but these findings may not correlate with subglottic stenosis in recurrent croup patients.
Composite branding alliances : an investigation of extension and feedback effects

The authors report two studies investigating the effectiveness of a composite brand in a brand extension context. In composite brand extension, a combination of two existing brand names in differen...
Prevalence and Relative Timing of Autism Diagnosis in Children with Common Pediatric Genetic Disorders (P6.332)

OBJECTIVE: Identify the prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) in children with genetic syndromes and describe the likelihood and usual timing of ASD diagnosis. BACKGROUND: The association between ASD and common genetic syndromes is established. The timing for ASD diagnosis relative to the diagnosis of the genetic disorder has not been described. METHODS: A retrospective case-cohort study of children, aged 2-18 years who were enrolled in the military health system database from October 2000 to September 2013 and who has an ICD-9 diagnosis codes for ASD at two separate encounters were included. Controls were matched to each case by age, gender, and enrollment timeframe. ICD-9 codes were also used to identify patients with common genetic syndromes: Down, Patau’s, Edward’s, Tuberous Sclerosis, Neurofibromatosis (NOS, type 1 and type 2), Fragile X, Klinefelter, Prader-Willi, Angelman, Cerebral Lipidoses, Cri-du-chat, Velo-cardio-facial, and Marfan.RESULTS: A total of 112,862 children between 2-18 years were included, out of which 14,834 (13.1[percnt]) had a diagnosis of ASD; 1,463 (1.30[percnt]) had a confirmed diagnosis of a genetic disorder, 706 (4.76[percnt]) were diagnosed with ASD and a genetic disorder. Median (IQR) age of ASD diagnosis for patients with any underlying genetic syndrome was not different, 3.68 (2.65-5.52) years compared to 3.81(2.74-5.64) for patients without a genetic syndrome (P =0.10). The genetic diagnosis significantly preceded the ASD diagnosis by 0.90-2.90 years in patients with Tuberous Sclerosis (P=0.005), Down (P<0.001), Patau’s (P=0.01), Klinefelter (P=0.008), Angelman (P<0.001) and Marfan Syndromes (P=0.01). Fragile X (OR, 32.78;95[percnt]CI, 18.81-57.16), Cri-du-chat (OR, 17.27;95[percnt]CI ,3.75-79.53) and Patau’s Syndromes (OR, 15.58;95[percnt]CI, 6.30-38.55) were the most highly associated with ASD. CONCLUSION: ASD is a common comorbidity amongst several genetic syndromes, typically diagnosed years after the genetic diagnosis is made, particularly in genetic syndromes with characteristic physical exam findings. Disclosure: Dr. Hiraldo-Delgado has nothing to disclose. Dr. Young has nothing to disclose. Dr. Susi has nothing to disclose. Dr. Nylund has nothing to disclose. Dr. Gorman has nothing to disclose. Dr. Hisle-Gorman has nothing to disclose. Dr. Erdie-Lalena has nothing to disclose.
Not So Simple After All: Bacteria, Their Population Genetics, and Recombination

The pervasive nature of bacterial recombination has become clear. Despite this, the population genetics of bacteria persist in being viewed as simple. Here, I argue against that characterization. After summarizing the history of the topic, I survey the evidence for remarkable and unexplained variation in recombination rate among and within bacterial species. I finally argue that despite recent assertions that recombination means bacterial genes are "public goods," in bacteria the level of selection is the gene, and genes can be understood to have niches with dimensions including the other contents of the genome in which they find themselves.
Adverse Event Following Immunization(AEFI) After Supplementary Immunization Activity of Measles Attenuated Live Vaccine in Chengdu,2010

Objective To analyze the characteristics and regular patterns of adverse event following immunization(AEFI) after Supplementary Immunization Activity(SIAs) of measles attenuated live vaccine in Chengdu in 2010,and discuss the safety of MV SIAs and measures of reducing occurrence of AEFI.Method Descriptive epidemiological analysis on related indexes was conducted.Results Totally 57 cases of AEFI were reported in MV SIAs in 2010.The incidence was 129.8/million dosage,and the incidence of males was higher than of females.The incidence rate of low age group was higher than the other groups.People who occurred AEFI within 2 days after vaccination accounted for 71.98%.Allergic reaction was the dominant clinical damage.Most of the cases were cured.Conclusion Incidence of AEFI after MV SIAs was low.It is safe to conduct MV SIAs.Children of all age groups should be observed within 2 day after vaccination.AEFI surveillance should be strengthened to improve the prevention and treatment of AEFI.
CFTR and pHi regulation.

to the editor: Using enteroids grown from crypts obtained from cystic fibrosis transmembrane receptor (CFTR) transgenic mice, Walker et al. ([8][1]) measured intracellular pH (pHi) regulation using a standard fluorescent dye-loading methodology. Based on results, the authors concluded that crypts
Cardiac output differences in males and females during mild cycle ergometer exercise.

To study sex differences in cardiac output during submaximum exercise, eight male and eight female subjects were matched on max Vo2 (1 min-1 and ml kg-1 min-1). Each subject performed one, eight minute submaximum bicycle ergometer test at 35% of Vo2max (300 kpm min-1). At a steady state mean Vo2 of 0.96 1 min-1, cardiac output was determined. Significant differences between men and women were observed (p less than .05) in cardiac output, stroke volume and (a-v) O2 difference. The males had a lower cardiac output (1.75 1 min-1) and stroke volume (17.2 ml beat-1) and a higher (a-v) O2 difference (2.01 vol %). When these variables were expressed independent of lean body weight the above differences were non-significant. It was suggested that cardiac output differences between the sexes during mild exercise are due, in part, to differences in lean body weight.
MIDDLE TO UPPER DEVONIAN SKELETAL CONCENTRATIONS FROM CARBONATE-DOMINATED SETTINGS OF NORTH AMERICA: INVESTIGATING THE EFFECTS OF BIOCLAST INPUT AND BURIAL RATES ACROSS MULTIPLE TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL SCALES

Skeletal concentrations, defined here as deposits ≥ 10% by volume invertebrate bioclasts (> 2 mm), are very common targets of paleobiological investigations. The complex interactions among biological, taphonomic, and physical environmental processes influence the type and quality of information that can be drawn from these paleobiological repositories. This study examines the relative roles of bioclast input and burial on the formation of Middle–Upper Devonian skeletal concentrations from tropical carbonate-dominated settings. Based on original field observations of skeletal concentrations and host lithologies, skeletal concentrations are compared (1) between a thermally subsiding passive margin (Nevada) and a relatively stable cratonic interior (Iowa) and (2) across a range of comparable subtidal depositional environments. The majority of skeletal concentrations are thin (≤ 30 cm), monotypic, have simple internal stratigraphy, and exhibit moderate to high degrees of skeletal fragmentation and disarticulation. Compared to the subsiding margin of Nevada, the cratonic interior of Iowa preserves a higher proportion of polytaxic skeletal concentrations with complex internal stratigraphy and higher taphonomic damage, consistent with control by delayed or slow burial. From shallow to deep subtidal environments, stratigraphic thickness and internal complexity decrease and fragmentation increases, consistent with strong control of these attributes by the frequency of physical and biogenic reworking. While low bioclast production rates may exert a dominant control on the failure to accumulate thick, dense skeletal concentrations in these deposits, taphonomic and physical environmental processes, such as low net sediment accumulation, sediment winnowing and starvation, and bioturbation can explain much of the variation in Middle–Upper Devonian skeletal concentrations.
Civic Education: Political or Comprehensive?

In this chapter Elizabeth Edenberg considers the problem children, conceived of as future citizens, pose to understanding the scope and limits of Rawls’s Political Liberalism by focusing on the civic education of children. Can a politically liberal state provide all children the opportunity to become reasonable citizens? Or does the cultivation of reasonableness require comprehensive liberalism? In considering these questions, the author shows that educating children to become reasonable in the way Rawls outlines imposes a demanding requirement that conflicts with Rawls’s aim of including a wide constituency in the scope of political liberalism. Rawls’s aim of making reasonableness broadly inclusive for political purposes is in tension with his goal of using reasonableness as the standard that delineates the scope of liberal legitimacy. Edenberg argues that political liberalism can and should try to cultivate the reasonableness of its future citizens through the civic education of children. However, a defensible version of political liberal civic education requires introducing a bifurcation within Rawls’s conception of reasonableness. A political liberal form of civic education should aim towards the inclusive scope of reasonableness by cultivating reasonableness in only two of what appear to be three senses that Rawls emphasizes. Teaching children that legitimacy requires embracing public reason demands more than may be justifiably required by a state that seeks to be broadly inclusive.
Inventing the University

Every time a student sits down to write for us, he has to invent the university for the occasion — invent the university, that is, or a branch of it, like history or anthropology or economics or English. The student has to learn to speak our language, to speak as we do, to try on the peculiar ways of knowing, selecting, evaluating, reporting, concluding, and arguing that define the discourse of our community. Or perhaps I should say the various discourses of our community, since it is in the nature of a liberal arts education that a student, after the first year or two, must learn to try on a variety of voices and interpretive schemes — to write, for example, as a literary critic one day and as an experimental psychologist the next; to work within fields where the rules governing the presentation of examples or the development of an argument are both distinct and, even to a professional mysterious.
Post-Election Cross-Strait Relations: High Hopes and Low Expectations

Ma Ying-jeou’s victory in Taiwan’s presidential election of 2008 ushered in a period of dramatic changes in the scope and tone of cross- Strait relations, which was highlighted by the signing of a series of economic agreements that have radically changed the relationship between the island and the mainland. Soon after his victory, things seemed to be going very well. American commentaries on cross-Strait relations had earlier been dominated by talk of the dangers of a conflict sparked by former President Chen Shui-hian’s promotion of independence. But now they reflected another, very different theme - that Taiwan was drifting into China’s orbit.
Osteochondral Autograft Transfer Versus Microfracture in the Knee: A Meta-analysis of Prospective Comparative Studies at Midterm.

Purpose To compare microfracture (MFX) and osteochondral autograft transfer (OAT) surgical techniques to determine (1) postoperative activity level, (2) subjective patient outcomes, (3) failure rates, and (4) assess if any lesion characteristics favored one technique over the other. Methods A comprehensive review of literature was performed of all studies comparing MFX and OAT. Studies included were all prospective studies that reported on activity-based outcome measures such as Tegner activity scores and subjective outcomes such as the International Knee Documentation Committee score. Failure rates, as determined by the publishing authors, were recorded for each study. Meta-analyses were conducted using a random-effects model. Paired standardized mean differences (Hedges's g to account for small sample bias) were used for continuous outcome measures, and risk ratios (Mantel-Haenszel method for small sample bias) for dichotomous outcome measures. Results Six prospective studies satisfied the eligibility criteria and included 249 patients (186 male, 120 female) with an average age of 26.4 years and follow-up of 67.2 months. Tegner scores were superior in patients treated with OAT compared with MFX (ΔOAT-MFX for pre-post scores = 0.94 Tegner points, standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.469, P = .005). Failure rates of MFX were higher than OAT (OAT = 11%, MFX = 32%, risk ratio = 2.42, P P = .008). When assessing OAT lesions larger than 3 cm 2 , OAT was superior to MFX with respect to activity level (SMD = 0.506, P = .001). Conclusions OAT may achieve higher activity levels and lower risk of failure when compared with MFX for cartilage lesions greater than 3 cm 2 in the knee, although there was no significant difference for lesions less than 3 cm 2 at midterm. However, because of variability in patient-specific factors such as age, preinjury activity level, lesion location and size, the superiority of OAT over MFX cannot be generalized to all patient populations and therefore requires individualized patient care. Level of Evidence Level II, meta-analysis of Level I and II studies.
Long-distance correlation-length effects and hydrodynamics of He 4 films in a Corbino geometry

Previous measurements of the superfluid density ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{s}$ and specific heat for $^{4}\mathrm{He}$ have identified effects that are manifest at distances much larger than the correlation length ${\ensuremath{\xi}}_{3\text{D}}$ [Perron et al., Nat. Phys. 6, 499 (2010); Perron and Gasparini, Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 035302 (2012); Perron et al., Phys. Rev. B 87, 094507 (2013)]. We report here measurements of the superfluid density which are designed to explore this phenomenon further. We determine the superfluid fraction ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{s}/\ensuremath{\rho}$ from the resonance of 34-nm films of varying widths $4\ensuremath{\le}W\ensuremath{\le}100\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\mu}\text{m}$. The films are formed across a Corbino ring separating two chambers where a thicker 268-nm film is formed. This arrangement is realized using lithography and direct Si-wafer bonding. We identify two effects in the behavior of ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{s}/\ensuremath{\rho}$: one is hydrodynamic, for which we present an analysis, and the other is a correlation-length effect which manifests as a shift in the transition temperature ${T}_{c}$ relative to that of a uniform 34-nm film uninfluenced by proximity effects. We find that one can collapse both ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{s}/\ensuremath{\rho}$ and the quality factor of the resonance onto universal curves by shifting ${T}_{c}$ as $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}{T}_{c}\ensuremath{\sim}{W}^{\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\nu}}$. This scaling is a surprising result on two counts: it involves a very large length scale $W$ relative to the magnitude of ${\ensuremath{\xi}}_{3\text{D}}$ and the dependence on $W$ is not what is expected from correlation-length finite-size scaling which would predict $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}{T}_{c}\ensuremath{\sim}{W}^{\ensuremath{-}1/\ensuremath{\nu}}$.
A Multiobjective Approach for Multistage Reliability Growth Planning by Considering the Timing of New Technologies Introduction

This paper proposes a new multiobjective multiple stage reliability growth planning (MO-MS-RGP) model. The model is based on multiobjective consideration of developing a new product, including the cost, time, and product reliability. The number of test units, test time, and the percentage of introduced new technologies are considered as decision variables in the model. Varying reliability growth rates are considered for each subsystem in each stage. Product new technologies or contents can be completely introduced in one stage or partially introduced to the product over multiple stages. New product development time limit and budget are considered as constraints in the MO-MS-RGP model. An integrated approach is developed to formulate and solve the proposed MO-MS-RGP problem. The approach starts with a multiobjective evolutionary algorithm, called multipleobjective particle swarm optimization to find a set of Pareto optimal solutions. Then, clustering methods are applied to cluster the solutions obtained by the evolutionary algorithm. Finally, the clustered solutions are ranked using a multiple criteria decision making method. A numerical example illustrates the application of the proposed MO-MS-RGP model for the reliability growth planning optimization of a next generation engine development.
An adaptive real-time video defogging method based on context-sensitiveness

The area around plants often encounters with fog weather because of its mountainous location, that results in unclear video surveillance and incorrect observation. While, it is of great significance for power lines to filter the fog and get clear surveillance videos. This paper presents an adaptive real-time video defogging method based on context-sensitiveness by using improved guide filtering algorithm and improving the single-frame image defogging effect within a limited computation time. In order to take full advantage of contextual information, we propose multi-strategy integration video defogging method, experimental results show that the algorithm is able to defog in real time under moving camera videos in premise of ensuring defogging performance.
Pediatric multiple myeloma.

![Figure][1] A 14-year-old boy presented with several months of progressive low back pain. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a destructive mass of the L3 vertebra (panel A). Computed tomography revealed lytic lesions in the left sixth (panel B) and eighth ribs, T12 and S2 vertebrae, and left
Explaining a Scientific Concept for Page and Screens

While students learn valuable skills by composing multimodal works, these assignments can also help students master traditional writing genres by defamiliarizing some of the "design choices" they make when writing. Requiring students to revise a traditional written essay into a video accomplishes two key goals in both lower level and advanced writing classes. It updates writing curricula to provide students experience with the kind of writing they will do in other classes. Furthermore, reflecting on the revision process enhances student appreciation for the importance of clear prose, careful exposition, and logical organization.
Randall Sakai, chronic social stress, and the research tradition of Curt Richter

This paper describes Randall Sakai's professional career from graduate school at the University of Pennsylvania, through postdoctoral work at Rockefeller University, and to being an independent investigator at the University of Cincinnati. He was fortunate in having Alan Epstein, Bruce McEwen, and Eliot Stellar as mentors. Early in Sakai's graduate work, Epstein and Stellar introduced him to Curt Richter, the legendary investigator at Johns Hopkins. This early introduction to Richter and his tradition of research was crucial for Sakai's scientific development. We review Sakai's research with the Visible Burrowing System (VBS) at Cincinnati. This was the most original of Sakai's research interests. His experimental proficiency in the investigation of salt appetite, food intake, and obesity led him to focus on the effect of chronic social stress on food intake, body composition, metabolism, and the distribution of fat. He and his colleagues, many of them his students, were able to demonstrate that chronic social stress produced changes in metabolism and fat distribution that were characteristic of an incipient metabolic syndrome that could lead to obesity. This did not solve the problem, but showed the way to further investigation. This opening up of problems to experimental investigation was a hallmark of Richter's research. Thus, Sakai worked in the mainstream of the research tradition of Richter. He did what he revered.
Evaluation of smeared properties approaches and mechanics of structure genome for analyzing composite beams

ABSTRACTComposite beams could have complex cross sections composed of many layers with different materials and layup angles. The anisotropic and heterogeneous features render three-dimensional (3D) finite element analysis (FEA) with layer details computationally expensive. Smeared properties approaches are commonly used in analyzing such structures. Mechanics of structure genome (MSG) can provide an efficient yet accurate alterative. Several composite beams are studied to evaluate the smeared properties approaches and MSG. In comparison to the detailed 3D FEA, smeared properties approaches are observed to be inaccurate for some global behaviors and most pointwise stress distributions, whereas MSG achieves similar accuracy as 3D FEA for both global behaviors and local stress distributions.
Image Processing Plume Fluence for Process Control of Pulsed-Laser Thin-Film Depositions

Abstract Process control is a crucial element in all deposition techniques. It is especially elusive in the versatile and efficient deposition technique known as pulsedlaser-deposition (PLD). Image processed emissions as well as signal processed intensity measurements from the plume of а YВа2Сu3O7-x inf> (YBCO) target are monitored in situ to determine two dimensional spatial and time-of-flight (TOF) information about plume components. Manual and fuzzy-logic based regulation of laser energy and pressure, simultaneously, based on TOF feedback have resulted in improved film quality and repeatability of the PLD thin-film depositions. The plume was imaged under various deposition conditions, including in situ changing of beam focus relative to the target surface, chamber pressure, and laser beam energy. Analysis of the collected images will provide an increased understanding of the effect of changing environmental conditions in order to improve the deposited thin film quality.
Coming to Value Nature

This chapter steps back to consider the many orientations to the natural environment, aiming not at praising one or the other, but at permitting an analytic understanding of the ethical differences among them. Some directions that corporations and citizens might take to continue the progress noted in the last chapter are suggested.
Insect repellents of natural origin: catnip and osage orange

The fruit of the osage orange tree, Maclura pomifera (Raf ) Schneid (Moraceae), has long been thought to be repellent to insects. A preliminary study reported here confirmed repellency of fruit extracts to the maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky. Two isoflavones, osajin and pomiferin, were isolated from the mature fruit of M. pomifera in high purity (> 95%). Testing of purified osajin and pomiferin failed to show repellency. Repellency is likely due to factors other than isoflavones in the fruit. Introduction The fruit of the osage orange, Maclura pomifera (Raf.) Schneid (Moraceae), has been utilized as an insect repellent for many years. Pioneers placed the ripe fruit of this tree in cupboards to repel roaches and other insects (Sand, 1991; Brandies, 1979). Past research indicates that there may be scientific justification for this well-popularized use. Karr and Coats (1991) found fragments of the fruit, as well as its hexane and methanol extracts, to be significantly repellent to the German cockroach Blattella germanica. The wood of the osage orange tree resisted termites (Esenther, 1977; Wolcott, 1953, 1955 and 1957) and had antifungal properties (Smith and Perino, 1981). Antimicrobial activity has been found in extracts containing osajin or pomiferin (Figure 1A) (Mahmoud, 1981), two of the major angular isoflavonoid components present in osage orange fruits (Walter et al., 1938; Wolfrom and Mahan, 1942). Osage orange fruit was also found to contain small amounts of the linear isoflavonoids scandenone and auriculasin, structural isomers of osajin and pomiferin, respectively (Fig. IB) (Delle Monache et al., 1994). In this study we report repellency from the extracts ofM. pomifera fruit. Because osajin and pomiferin are well-known to occur in this fruit, the extraction and purification of osajin and pomiferin is reported. The results of an assay that examined the behavioral response of the maize weevil 5". zeamais to highly purified (> 95%) osajin and pomiferin are reported as
Elegies to dead children and murdered indigenes: guilt and the ‘lost’ child in 19th-century Anglophone settler stories

ABSTRACTThis essay examines the ‘lost child’ narrative in the work of several 19th century settler authors, especially the poetry and fiction of the American Lydia Sigourney, and the memoirs of the...
Technological Change and Labor Relations in the United States Postal Service

Fundamental changes in labor relations and the widespread implementation of mechanized and automated mail processing technology were both associated with the structural reorganization of the United States (U.S.) post office in 1971. The Postal Reorganization Act created a public corporation to replace , the Post Office Department (POD). Postal reorganization grew out of the failure of the old structure to reconcile the competing demands of business mailers for faster mail service, postal management demands for increased mechanization and greater control over postal operations, and postal labor demands for higher wages and collective bargaining rights.