cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Using systems evaluation theory to improve points of dispensing planning, training, and evaluation

Recurring throughput problems served as a catalyst to search for a better approach to planning, training, and evaluating points of dispensing (POD) exercises. The paper begins with a discussion of the potential of systems thinking and systems theory to improve exercise planning, training, and evaluation. The paper then illustrates how systems concepts guided a POD design team in improving their planning, training, and evaluation strategy. The paper concludes by suggesting the application of systems thinking and systems theory to other emergency response strategies (eg, incident command, emergency operating centers) shows great promise, warranting further investment in testing its efficacy.
Enhanced fracture toughness in architected interpenetrating phase composites by 3D printing

Abstract Interpenetrating phase composite (IPC), also known as co-continuous composite, is one type of material that may exhibit an unusual combination of high stiffness, strength, energy absorption, and damage tolerance. Here we experimentally demonstrate that IPCs fabricated by 3D printing technique with rationally designed architectures can exhibit a fracture toughness 16 times higher than that of conventionally structured composites. The toughening mechanisms arise from the crack-bridging, process zone formation and crack-deflection, which are intrinsically controlled by the rationally designed interpenetrating architectures. We further show that the prominently enhanced fracture toughness in the architected IPCs can be tuned by tailoring the stiffness contrasts between the two compositions. The findings presented here not only quantify the fracture behavior of complex architected IPCs but also demonstrate the potential to achieve tailorable mechanical properties through the integrative rational design and the state-of-the-art advanced manufacturing technique.
Still Living After Fifty Years: A Census of Judicial Review Under the Pennsylvania Constitution of 1968

The year 2018 marked the fiftieth anniversary of the Pennsylvania Constitution of 1968. The time seems ripe, therefore, to explore the Pennsylvania Supreme Court’s exercise of judicial review under the 1968 Pennsylvania Constitution. This Article constitutes the first such comprehensive exploration. The Article begins with an historical overview of the evolution of the Pennsylvania Constitution, culminating in the Constitution of 1968. It then presents a census of the 372 cases in which the Pennsylvania Supreme Court has vindicated distinctive Pennsylvania Constitutional rights under the Constitution of 1968 . Analysis of these cases leads to three conclusions: 1. Exercise of independent constitutional review is not a once-in-a-lifetime or once-in-a-decade experience under the 1968 Constitution. Over half a century, the Pennsylvania Supreme Court has exercised independent review on average in seven cases a year. It has invalidated or modified statutes in light of the demands of the Pennsylvania Constitution at an aggregate rate of more than twice a year. Independent review is not the province of an idiosyncratic group of jurists. Thirty-two Justices have authored opinions undertaking independent constitutional review, and twenty-five have deployed the 1968 Constitution to review statutes. Among the sitting Justices, only Justice Mundy has not yet authored such an opinion. 2. Pennsylvania's 1968 constitution contains provisions that parallel the wording of federal guarantees, provisions that address similar norms in congruent wording, and provisions that are wholly disanalogous to federal provisions. Independent review of actions by prosecutors, courts and law enforcement officers in the area of criminal procedure has focused on provisions whose text directly parallels federal provisions, prominently Pennsylvania's protections against unreasonable searches and seizures and its guaranties regarding the rights of the accused in criminal prosecutions. By contrast, independent constitutional review of statutes rests mainly on state constitutional provisions that are congruent with federal provisions but not precisely parallel, and on provisions that have no federal counterparts. 3. The Pennsylvania Constitution is not, as the late Justice Scalia would have it, "dead, dead, dead." The Pennsylvania Supreme Court has engaged in a continuing process of judicial statesmanship that looks to text, history, structure, and ongoing doctrinal elaboration to bring evolving constitutional traditions and values to bear on the issues confronting the Commonwealth. This process is not always unanimous, nor without contention, but it is exactly what the people of the Commonwealth had reason to expect when they reenacted the constitution in 1968. Appendix C sets forth the census of cases in a form that provides lawyers, judges, and scholars with a resource that can be deployed in research, advocacy, and analysis.
Oxidative Decarboxylase UndA Utilizes a Dinuclear Iron Cofactor.

UndA is a nonheme iron enzyme that activates oxygen to catalyze the decarboxylation of dodecanoic acid to undecene and carbon dioxide. We report the first optical and Mossbauer spectroscopic characterization of UndA, revealing that the enzyme harbors a coupled dinuclear iron cluster. Single turnover studies confirm that the reaction of the diferrous enzyme with dioxygen produces stoichiometric product per cluster. UndA is the first characterized example of a diiron decarboxylase, thus expanding the repertoire of reactions catalyzed by dinuclear iron enzymes.
Stress and opioid use disorder: A systematic review

Medication assisted treatment (MAT) is highly effective in reducing illicit opioid use and preventing overdose in individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD); however, treatment retention of patients engaged in MAT is a significant clinical concern. The experience of stress may contribute to a decision to drop out of treatment. The current study is a systematic review conducted across multiple databases of empirical studies on primary appraisal of stress and its relationship to opioid craving, opioid use, and OUD treatment outcomes. Primary appraisal of stress is defined as an explicit inquiry into individual perception of feeling stressed using a self-report measure administered in laboratory, clinical, or naturalistic environment. A total of 21 included studies were organized into three categories: observed stress, experimentally-induced stress, and stress-focused interventions. Appraised stress was generally associated with greater craving, but associations with opioid use and treatment retention were mixed. All but one study included MAT samples and every study sample included some form of drug counseling. These findings suggest that individuals experience considerable stress in spite of receiving standard treatment for OUD. Psychopharmacological interventions targeting stress were promising, but no behavioral interventions specific to stress management were found. The preliminary results with clonidine and lofexidine targeting stress in individuals with OUD warrant further studies. To better understand the impact of stress in OUD, future research should consider using repeated assessment of stress in the context of daily life. Utilization of behavioral treatments specifically targeting stress could have benefits in improving OUD outcomes.
Synthesis of unsupported two-dimensional molybdenum carbide nanosheets for hydrogen evolution

Abstract A method was developed for the synthesis of multi-layered and single-layered molybdenum carbide (β-Mo2C) nanosheets through exfoliation and centrifugation of a layered oxide precursor. The single-layer materials displayed higher intrinsic activity for the hydrogen evolution reaction (59.3 ± 6 mA/mg vs 5.3 ± 2 mA/mg) compared to the multi-layered carbide nanosheets. This effect was attributed both to high surface areas and to a more reactive surface where the binding energy of *H is optimized for the HER.
Complex, Contemporary, and Unconventional: Characterizing the Tweets of the #NativeVote Movement and Native American Candidates through the 2018 U.S. Midterm Elections

In the 2018 U.S. midterm elections, a record number of Native American candidates ran for office at all levels of government. To better understand how these 104 candidates intersected with Indigenous political issues and movements to increase Native American voter turnout, we study 723,269 tweets about or by these candidates and 15,476 tweets associated with the #NativeVote movement between October 6, 2018 and February 5, 2019. We use a mixed methods approach to identify issues that emerge in the Native Candidates data set, including issues of representation and protean usage of the "Make America Great Again" hashtag #maga. When examining the feeds of selected candidates, we find that there can be a disconnect between the issues that candidates align themselves with on social media and the issues that they are associated with by others. We also find evidence of Indigenous issues spanning a vast political spectrum and being coupled with other issues in different ways by different candidates and audiences. Finally, we examine the intersection between Native American candidates and the\#NativeVote movement to discover emergent issue networks, including networks around voter suppression and Indigenous political action. Critically, we discuss how our interdisciplinary Indigenous feminist approach to social media analysis illuminates issues of marginalized communities in both a systematic and inductive manner that allows us to discover new patterns and issues with limited a priori knowledge about a complex system.
Development And In Vitro Characterization Of Bladder Tumor Cell Targeted Lipid-Coated Polyplex For Dual Delivery Of Plasmids And Small Molecules.

Background Bladder cancer is the fourth most common cancer in men and eleventh most common in women. Combination therapy using a gene and chemotherapeutic drug is a potentially useful strategy for treating bladder cancer in cases where a synergistic benefit can be achieved successfully. This approach relies on developing drug combinations using carrier systems that can load both hydrophilic genes and hydrophobic drugs. Ideally, the formulation for carrier system should be free of traditional high shear techniques such as sonication and extrusion to reduce shear-induced nucleic acid strand breakage. Moreover, the system should be able to protect the nucleic acid from enzymatic attack and deliver it specifically to the tumor site. Materials and methods A dual payload carrier system that was formulated using a simple flow mixing technique to complex anionic plasmid (EGFP-NLS) using a cationic polymer (CD-PEI2.5kD) followed by coating of the polyplex using lipid membranes. The resulting lipid-coated polyplex (LCP) formulations are targeted to bladder cancer cells by employing a bacterial adhesive peptide sequence, RWFV, that targets the LCP to the tumor stroma for efficiently delivering reporter plasmid, EGFP-NLS and a model small molecule drug, pyrene, to the cancer cells. Results Encapsulation efficiency of the peptide targeted carrier for the plasmid was 50% ± 0.4% and for pyrene it was 16% ± 0.4%. The ability of the targeted LCP to transfect murine bladder cancer cells was 4-fold higher than LCP bearing a scrambled peptide sequence. Fluorescence of cells due to pyrene delivery was highest after 4 hrs using targeted LCP. Finally, we loaded the peptide targeted LCP with anti-cancer agent, curcumin. The targeted formulation of curcumin resulted in only 45% viable cancer cells at a concentration of 5 µg/mL, whereas the empty and non-targeted formulations did not result any significant cell death. Conclusion These results demonstrate the specificity of the targeting peptide sequence in engaging tumor cells and the utility of the developed carrier platform to deliver a dual payload to bladder tumor cells.
3.5 A 34µW 32MHz RC Oscillator with ±530ppm Inaccuracy from −40°C to 85°C and 80ppm/V Supply Sensitivity Enabled by Pulse-Density Modulated Resistors

Monolithic frequency references built using on-chip time constants are gaining popularity as possible replacements to bulky quartz-crystal or MEMS-based oscillators in low-cost applications. Among them, RC time-constant-based references [1]–[4] are most attractive because they occupy a small area, consume little power, and are well suited for integration in any standard CMOS process. But their performance is very susceptible to variations in temperature and supply voltage. Frequency-locked-loop(FLL)-based closed-loop RC oscillators [2]–[4], compared to open-loop relaxation oscillators, have higher immunity to voltage variations. However, their performance is also limited by the temperature dependence of the resistor. This limitation was addressed in the prior art by using a composite resistor made from resistors with opposing temperature coefficients (TCs) [2]. Unfortunately, the TC of the composite resistor is highly dependent on process-sensitive sheet resistance of resistors comprising it. So, it is typically implemented using a vast array of resistors that are trimmed on a sample-by-sample basis. While this approach helps to alleviate process sensitivity, two critical factors limit the achievable frequency inaccuracy to about 5000ppm. First, the accuracy with which the TC is canceled across process corners is fundamentally limited by the finite number of resistor combinations that can be practically implemented on a chip. Second, leakage currents in the switches used to select the resistors along with the mixing of TCs of individual resistors in the array generate large higher-order TCs that are difficult to compensate. Recently reported voltage-ratio adjusting [2] and polynomial-based [3] higher-order compensation schemes lowered frequency inaccuracy to about 500ppm. However, they either rely on precise combinations of analog voltages and are therefore sensitive to circuit-level imperfections or occupy a large area and exhibit poor power efficiency (100µW/MHz) [3].
Risk of QTc prolongation among cancer patients treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors.

QTc interval prolongation can lead to life-threatening complications such as Torsade de Pointes (TdP), ventricular tachycardia (VT) and sudden cardiac death (SCD). It can occur with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) but comparative real-world analyses on the incidence and complication rates are scarce. We retrospectively reviewed all cancer patients treated with TKI therapy at Mayo Clinic between January 2005 and December 2018 and had at least two ECGs (before and after TKI). For each TKI type, we determined the administration rate and incidence of QTc prolongation. QTc prolongation was defined as a corrected QT interval (by Fridericia formula) ≥450 ms in men and ≥470 ms in women. A total of 618 cancer patients were included with 902 TKI administrations, of which 654 (72.5%) were accounted for by pazopanib, sunitinib, imatinib, nilotinib and dasatinib. QTc prolongation (any grade) was reported in 28.8%, most commonly with nilotinib (38.7%) and dasatinib (41.7%). A QTc interval ≥500 ms and a QTc increase ≥60 ms was documented in 46 and 63 administrations, respectively. Life-threatening toxicity was seen in 14 cases (5.4% of QTc prolongation cases) including VT in 9, SCD in 3 and TdP in two administrations. The response to QTc prolongation was: discontinuation in 68%, dose reduction in 13.5%, temporary hold in 8.1% and no action in 10.4%. In conclusion, QTc prolongation with TKI therapy is very common (∼1/3 of cases) and in 5% (1.7% overall) associated with life-threatening complications. These data support recommendations for careful ECG monitoring in cancer patients undergoing TKI therapy.
Undiagnosed Case of Metabolic Disorder in Immigrant Teenager

Title: Undiagnosed Case of Metabolic Disorder in Immigrant Teenager Authors: Biva Narsing, MSIII, BS; Alison Lunsford, MD Learning Objectives: 1) Recognize that there may be underlying congenital disorders in the immigrant population; 2) Evaluate cardiovascular function in profoundly hypothyroid patients; 3) Assess the response to treatment in an untreated congenital hypothyroid (CH) patient Case: A 17 yo male born in Vietnam presents with constipation. Miralax was prescribed, and thyroid function labs drawn due to a history of short stature, high BMI, developmental delay, and persistent constipation. Thyroid function showed severe hypothyroidism, so he was …
Place-Based Advantages in Entrepreneurship: How Entrepreneurial Ecosystem Coordination Reduces Transaction Costs

Academics and practitioners are increasingly lauding the economic and community benefits of entrepreneurial ecosystems: the inter-related forces that promote and support entrepreneurship in geographic areas. Most researchers examining entrepreneurial ecosystems have sought to identify their core attributes rather than isolating the concrete mechanisms by which entrepreneurial ecosystems influence entrepreneurs. We address this omission in ecosystems research by theorizing about a specific set of economic forces through which ecosystems influence the entrepreneurship process: cost-reduction mechanisms. We integrate and extend insights from transaction cost economics and develop a framework for understanding the cost-reducing effects of ecosystems on entrepreneurial activities. We synthesize the fragmented research on entrepreneurial ecosystem coordination and theorize that as coordination increases three types of costs – search, negotiation, and enforcement – decrease, which improves ecosystem participants’ ability to engage in entrepreneurship. Our theorizing contributes to research at the management and entrepreneurship interface and produces actionable insights for entrepreneurs and ecosystem builders.
Violence work: state power and the limits of police: by Micol Seigel, London, Duke University Press, 2018, xi+300 pp., $27.95 (paperback), ISBN 978-1478000174

The father of modern policing, Robert Peel, defined the police role in modern society with his famous quote “The police are the public and the public are the police.” The policing crisis that we ar...
Implantable Hearing Devices

Four types of implantable hearing devices exist, each with its specific indication. Cochlear implants (CI) are intended for severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss. Patients implanted at a young age may achieve speech and language skills comparable to normal hearing children. Bone-anchored hearing aids (BAHA) are intended for conductive hearing loss not amenable to reconstruction or amplification, and for single-sided deafness. Children are usually implanted in two stages. Implantable middle ear devices (IMED) are currently not approved for children. They are intended for moderate to moderately severe sensorineural hearing loss. Auditory brainstem implants (ABI) are indicated for profoundly deaf patients with an abnormal cochleae or cochlear nerves who are not otherwise candidates for CI. In the USA, only children above 12 years of age with neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) are approved for ABI.
Isolation, Characterization of Phosphatase Producing Bacteria and Fungi-Their Effect on Enhancing the Growth of Vigna radiata

Background: Phosphate solubilizing microorganisms (PSM) are considered as most important traits associated with plant phosphate nutrition and growth. The challenge of study include identification of potent microorganisms that can be used as phosphate solubilizer. Methods: In this study during 2017-2018 study nine isolates were isolated from soil, dung, lakes, five bacterial isolates (A, B, C, D, E) identified as, Bacteroides sp, four fungal isolates Aspergillus sp (F1) and Mucor sp (F2, F3, F4). Their effect on plant (Vigna radiata) growth was studied. Maximum phosphatase production was observed by B (266 ig/ml) and F2 (297.5 ig/ml) isolates; and also phosphate by B (10.6 ig/ml) and F2 (42.6 ig/ml). Increase in shoot length and number of roots was observed in the presence of isolates. Result: The contribution of study indicate, phosphate solubilizing isolates, have probable application as biofertilizer and may help in future agricultural needs.
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE, ETHICS, AND ORGANIZATIONAL ARCHITECTURE

Effective corporate leadership involves more than developing a good strategic plan and setting high ethical standards. It also means coming up with an organizational design that encourages the company's managers and employees to carry out its business plan and maintain its ethical standards. In this article, the authors use the term organizational architecture to refer to three key elements of a company's design: ▪the assignment of decision-making authority–who gets to make what decisions; ▪performance evaluation–the key measures of performance for evaluating business units and individual employees; and ▪compensation structure–how employees are rewarded for meeting performance goals. In well-designed companies, each of these elements is mutually reinforcing and supportive of the company's overall business strategy. Decision-making authority is assigned to managers and employees who have the knowledge and experience needed to make the best investment and operating decisions. And to ensure that those decision makers have the incentive as well as the knowledge to make the best decisions, the corporate systems used to evaluate and reward their performance are based on measures that are linked as directly as possible to the corporate goal of creating value. Some of the most popular management techniques of the past two decades, such as reengineering, TQM, and the Balanced Scorecard, have often had disappointing results because they address only one or two elements of organizational architecture, leaving the overall structure out of balance. What's more, a flawed organizational design can lead to far worse than missed opportunities to create value. As the authors note, the recent corporate scandals involved not just improper behavior by senior executives, but corporate structures that, far from safeguarding against such behavior, in some ways encouraged it. In the case of Enron, for example, top management's near-total focus on boosting reported earnings (a questionable corporate goal to begin with) combined with decentralized decision making and loose oversight at all levels of the company to produce an enormously risky high-leverage strategy that ended up bringing down the firm.
Urban Road Short-term Traffic Flow Forecasting Based on the Delay and Nonlinear Grey Model

Concerning the delay and nonlinear properties of traffic flow in urban road systems,this paper forecasts the short-term traffic flow based on the grey model.Firstly,the delay factor is determined by the speed-flow relationship when volume is greater than it capacity.Then,the nonlinear parameter is determined by a particle swarm optimization algorithm,where the prediction effect is unsurpassed.Finally,verification of this model is done by collecting traffic flow data on one section of Youyi Avenue and comparing the prediction value of with and SVM.The results show that the prediction effect of model for short-term traffic flow is significantly improved,which plays an important role in intelligent traffic systems.
From Google Searches to Russian Disinformation: Adolescent Critical Race Digital Literacy Needs and Skills

This study uses a Critical Race Digital Literacy framework to examine Black and Latinx adolescents’ ability to critically evaluate race-related materials online. Participants completed four tasks that required them to engage with a range of race-related material, from search results to social media content. Findings indicate that the majority of participants demonstrated an “emerging” or “mastery” level understanding of search results and determining the trustworthiness of websites. Participants found evaluating the credibility of Twitter content as well as evaluating a Russian disinformation campaign’s Facebook profile targeting African Americans considerably more challenging. In addition, though 34% recognized a video screenshot arguing that building a wall at the southern border is humane as racist, participants had difficulty combining this knowledge with an understanding of online propaganda. Few participants reached mastery on this task, and others that required them to evaluate social media content and recognize disinformation. As more online content and media are explicitly related to race or references specific racial groups, these findings highlight the need for more interventions to enhance competencies around critically evaluating race-related materials online.
Clarification of human blood ILC subtype interrelatedness and discovery of amphiregulin production by human NK cells shed light on HIV-1 pathogenesis [preprint]

Human blood innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), which include ILCs and natural killer (NK) cells, derive from a common CD117+ ILC precursor (ILCP). Yet, the relationship among the ILC subsets remains unclear. Bulk and single cell RNA-Seq and ATAC-Seq showed that blood ILC subsets cluster into ILC2s, ILCPs, a mixed cluster of CD56dim and CD56–NK cells, and a separate cluster of CD56hiNK cells that shares features with both ILCs and CD56dim/–NK cells. In surprising contrast to mice, tissue repair protein amphiregulin (AREG) was produced by human NK cells, with even higher levels in CD56hiNK cells than in ILCs. AREG expression in NK cells was driven by TCF7/WNT signaling and inhibited by TGFB1, a cytokine elevated in HIV-1+ people. Knockout of RUNX3, a WNT antagonist acting downstream of TGFB1, increased AREG production. Consistent with these findings, AREG+NK cells were decreased in people living with HIV-1. Additionally, functionally defective CD56–NK cells expanded in HIV-1+ people, in inverse correlation with CD56dimNK cells, ILCs, and CD4+T cells. Experiments in tissue culture and in humanized mice showed that CD56–NK cells derive from the epigenetically similar CD56dimNK cells, and that stimulation of MTOR by CD4+T cells or exogenous IL-2 prevents their expansion. These findings clarify how ILC subsets are related to each other and provide insight into how HIV-1 infection disrupts ILC homeostasis and contributes to pathology.
Cardiomyocyte Deletion of Bmal1 Exacerbates QT- and RR-Interval Prolongation in Scn5a+/ΔKPQ Mice.

Circadian rhythms are generated by cell autonomous circadian clocks that perform a ubiquitous cellular time-keeping function and cell type-specific functions important for normal physiology. Studies show inducing the deletion of the core circadian clock transcription factor Bmal1 in adult mouse cardiomyocytes disrupts cardiac circadian clock function, slows heart rate and prolongs the QT-interval at slow heart rates. This study determined how inducing the deletion of Bmal1 in adult cardiomyocytes impacted the in vivo electrophysiological phenotype of a knock-in mouse model for the arrhythmogenic long QT syndrome (Scn5a+/ΔKPQ). Electrocardiographic telemetry showed inducing the deletion of Bmal1 in cardiomyocytes for mice with or without the ΔKPQ-Scn5a mutation increased the QT-interval at RR-intervals ≥ 130 ms. The prolongation in the QT-intervals was secondary to an increased slope factor of the QT- and RR-interval relation. Inducing the deletion of Bmal1 in the cardiomyocytes of mice with or without the ΔKPQ-Scn5a mutation also increased the rhythm-adjusted mean in the RR-interval, but it did not change the period, phase or amplitude. Compared to mice without the ΔKPQ-Scn5a mutation, mice with the ΔKPQ-Scn5a mutation had reduced heart rate variability (HRV) during the peak of the 24-hour RR-interval rhythm. Inducing the deletion of Bmal1 in cardiomyocytes did not affect HRV in mice without the ΔKPQ-Scn5a mutation but increased HRV in mice with the ΔKPQ-Scn5a mutation. The data demonstrate that deleting Bmal1 in cardiomyocytes of mice with the ΔKPQ-Scn5a mutation exacerbated the long QT-related phenotype.
Extraction of lipids from insect powders using a one-step organic solvent extraction process

Abstract The extraction efficiency, fatty acid profiles (FAP) and classes of lipids separated from insect powders by a one-step process were studied. Hexane (H), chloroform (C), methyl-tert-butyl ether (MTBE), and 3:2 hexane-isopropanol (HI) were used as extraction solvents and results were compared to 2:1 chloroform-methanol (CM). A 1:10 sample:solvent was mixed and centrifuged to separate the lipid layer which was then filtered and dried. Extraction was best (P 0.05), regardless of solvent. H and MTBE extracted lipid classes like (P>0.05) the initial cricket and locust, respectively. The FAP for cricket lipid was like the initial (P>0.05) when CM was used; however, the FAPs of locust and silkworm lipid were most like the initial powders (P>0.05) when MTBE and C were used as the solvent, respectively.
Quality detection and classification for ultrasonic welding of carbon fiber composites using time-series data and neural network methods

Abstract Ultrasonic welding is a novel and efficient technique for joining carbon fiber composites in the automotive industry. Weld quality detection and classification is important to its adoption and deep neural network models are a promising method for this purpose. However, it is difficult to collect the large volume of data needed to train these models with laboratory experiments due to the cost of the materials and cost of weld experiments. Using a limited set of experimental data, a copula multivariate Monte Carlo simulation is proposed to generate large data sets of time-series process signals with similar statistical distributions as the experimental data. The experimental data and simulated data are used to train Bayesian regularized neural network (BRNN) and convolutional neural network (CNN) models to predict weld quality classifications in ultrasonic welding. The results show that BRNN and CNN have similar classification accuracy. But CNN has an advantage in training efficiency compared with BRNN. Both neural-network-based methods were found to be more accurate than support vector machine and k-nearest neighbor methods, when applied to both features extracted from signals and full time-series-based process signals.
Herpesviruses assimilate kinesin to produce motorized viral particles

Neurotropic alphaherpesviruses initiate infection in exposed mucosal tissues and, unlike most viruses, spread rapidly to sensory and autonomic nerves where life-long latency is established1. Recurrent infections arise sporadically from the peripheral nervous system throughout the life of the host, and invasion of the central nervous system may occur, with severe outcomes2. These viruses directly recruit cellular motors for transport along microtubules in nerve axons, but how the motors are manipulated to deliver the virus to neuronal nuclei is not understood. Here, using herpes simplex virus type I and pseudorabies virus as model alphaherpesviruses, we show that a cellular kinesin motor is captured by virions in epithelial cells, carried between cells, and subsequently used in neurons to traffic to nuclei. Viruses assembled in the absence of kinesin are not neuroinvasive. The findings explain a critical component of the alphaherpesvirus neuroinvasive mechanism and demonstrate that these viruses assimilate a cellular protein as an essential proviral structural component. This principle of viral assimilation may prove relevant to other virus families and offers new strategies to combat infection. Herpes simplex virus type I and pseudorabies virus assimilate kinesin from host epithelial cells and repurpose the motor to traffic to the nuclei of neurons in the peripheral nervous system.
The Thermal Conductivity of 1 MeV Electron-Irradiated Al 2 O 3 between 1 and 70 K

Preliminary measurements of the thermal conductivity of 1 MeV electron-irradiated Al2O3 with about 0.01% impurities have shown that below 50 K the thermal conductivity decreased about 20 – 25% upon irradiation and recovered almost completely upon annealing.
Compiler optimization of data storage

The system efficiency and throughput of most architectures are critically dependent on the ability of the memory subsystem to satisfy data operand accesses. This ability is in turn dependent on the distribution or layout of the data relative to the access of the data by the executing code. Page faults, cache misses, truncated vectors, global communication, for example, are expensive but common symptoms of data and access misalignment. Compiler optimization, traditionally synonymous with code optimization, has addressed the issue of efficient data access by manipulating the code to better access the data under a fixed, default distribution. This approach is restrictive, and often suboptimal. Data optimization, or data-layout optimization, is presented as an integral part of compiler optimization. For scalar data, a good compile-time approximation of the "reference string," or sequence of data accesses, is advanced for the purpose of distributing the data. However, the optimal distribution of the scalar data for such, or any, reference string is proved NP-complete. A methodology and a polynomial algorithm for an approximate solution are developed. Experiments with representative, but scaled, scientific programs and execution environments display a reduction in cache misses up to two orders in magnitude. For array data, compile-time predictions of the patterns in which the data is accessed by programs in scalar and array languages are examined. For arbitrary computations in an array language, the determination of the optimal layout of the data is proved to be NP-complete. Polynomial techniques for the approximate solutions to the optimal layout of arrays in both languages, scalar and array, are outlined. The general applicability of the techniques, in terms of environments other than hierarchical memories, and in terms of interdependence with code manipulations, is discussed. New code optimizations inspired by the data distribution techniques are motivated. The prudence of compiler- over user-optimized data distribution is argued.
The Family Medical Leave Act: What You See and What You Get

Federal statutes seldom make for good reading, and in the boring statutes sweepstakes, the text of the Family Medical Leave Act (“FMLA”)1 ranks right up there with its acronymic sibling, the Fair Labor Standards Act (“FLSA”).2 The dry, arcane language of the FMLA conveys little of the drama which led to its enactment and none of the emotional pizzazz with which it resonates in the courtroom. Perhaps only the handful of lawyers who have stood before a jury seeking redress for a client whose boss did not care about “family values” knows how compelling an FMLA claim can be. In essence, the FMLA serves wholesome, widely-held ideals: the statute simply guarantees that a big employer, who presumably can afford it, accommodate employees taking time off to meet the most pressing needs of their immediate family. It seems safe to assume that average Americans, (including those who make their way onto juries), have sympathy for employees who serve their families by taking FMLA leave and have little patience with employers who get in the way. But gaining access to the courtroom for an FMLA plaintiff often takes too long for the statute’s leave provisions to serve their intended
Imaging in conjunction with physical therapy in management of a patient with history of thoracic tumour

AbstractBackground:Physical therapy care for musculoskeletal conditions includes an ongoing process that systematically considers and prioritises diagnostic hypotheses. These diagnostic hypotheses include those that are typical for common musculoskeletal conditions, and must also include more rare conditions that would require care outside the scope of practice of the physical therapist. When additional screening is required, physical therapists collaborate with other providers or directly order the appropriate tests to rule out suspected pathology.Case Description:This article illustrates the use of musculoskeletal imaging ordered by a physical therapist to guide ongoing management of a patient with back pain and a history of cancer.Outcomes:The patient successfully returned to moderate-intensity sport activities after a course of physical therapy.Discussion:This case provides an example of how clinical diagnostic reasoning combined with clinical privileges to order musculoskeletal imaging can facilitate...
Modal Logic for Philosophers

This book on modal logic is especially designed for philosophy students. It provides an accessible yet technically sound treatment of modal logic and its philosophical applications. Every effort is made to simplify the presentation by using diagrams instead of more complex mathematical apparatus. These and other innovations provide philosophers with easy access to a rich variety of topics in modal logic, including a full coverage of quantified modal logic, non-rigid designators, definite descriptions, and the de-re de-dicto distinction. Discussion of philosophical issues concerning the development of modal logic is woven into the text. The book uses natural deduction systems, which are widely regarded as the easiest to teach and use. It also includes a diagram technique that extends the method of truth trees to modal logic. This provides a foundation for a novel method for showing completeness that is easy to extend to quantifiers. This second edition contains a new chapter on logics of conditionals, an updated and expanded bibliography, and is updated throughout.
African-American preference for same-race healthcare providers: the role of healthcare discrimination.

The results suggest that while knowledge of unfair treatment historically and perceptions of current racial inequity do not affect preferences, personal experiences of unfair treatment may have a significant effect on African-American patients' preferences regarding health care. Findings suggest that rather than focusing on how historical mistreatment and current inequities in medical treatment affect individual patients, research should focus on individual experiences.
Toxicity and localization studies of a potential photodynamic therapy agent in Drosophila.

Summary Photodynamic therapy utilizes light, a photosensitizer, and molecular oxygen as a treatment modality for a variety of cancers. We have recently combined ruthenium(II) polypyridyl groups with a zinc(II) centered porphyrin as a new photosensitizer for the treatment of melanoma. In-vitro studies have indicated that this photosensitizer is toxic to melanoma cells when irradiated with low energy light; however, it is nontoxic to normal cells under similar conditions. To determine the toxicity and cell viability of this compound in-vivo we present, herein, a study using Drosophila melanogaster. In the absence of light, the new photosensitizer shows no discernible effects to fly larvae at various concentrations of compound and stages of larval development. When the larvae were fed the photosensitizer it was observed, by fluorescence microscopy, that the compound passes through the cell membrane and localizes in the cytosol at lower concentrations and the nucleus at slightly higher concentrations indicating that the compound is not immediately metabolized. genesis 52:309–314, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Service learning with student organizations

Recently, there has been an increased demand on fiscal accountability in all sectors, but perhaps even more so in the educational arena. Recruitment and retention have become very important in a time of shrinking engineering enrolments. This means that special efforts need to be made to attract new students to our College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, especially under-represented minorities and women. At the same time, extra efforts need to be made to retain the students already recruited. All of this takes time and money. The College of Engineering and Applied Sciences at Arizona State University has a plan that supports both recruitment and retention within the college in a cost-effective manner while at the same time it provides service learning to students. Starting last year in a pilot project, a student organization and the Associate Dean for Student and Business Affairs contracted a win-win solution. The Engineering Dean's Office provided money for the air fare to an annual national conference in exchange for service hours for recruitment and retention activities of the college. The experiment was very successful and has now been expanded to other student organizations. This paper describes how the exchange works and the types of services done by the students.
Changes in erosion and flooding risk due to long‐term and cyclic oceanographic trends

We assess temporal variations in waves and sea level, which are driving factors for beach erosion and coastal flooding in the northern Gulf of Mexico. We find that long-term trends in the relevant variables have caused an increase of ~30% in the erosion/flooding risk since the 1980s. Changes in the wave climate—which have often been ignored in earlier assessments—were at least as important as sea level rise (SLR). In the next decades, SLR will likely become the dominating driver and may in combination with ongoing changes in the wave climate (and depending on the emission scenario) escalate the erosion/flooding risk by up to 300% over the next 30 years. We also find significant changes in the seasonal cycles of sea level and significant wave height, which have in combination caused a considerable increase of the erosion/flooding risk in summer and decrease in winter relative to long-term trends.
Organische Phosphorverbindungen. XI. Arylierung von PSCl3 in Gegenwart von Friedel-Crafts-Aktivatoren. Ein neues Verfahren zur Darstellung von Thiophosphoäure-dihalogeniden, Thiophosphinsäurehalogeniden und tertiären Phosphinsulfiden†

The reaction of benzene, toluene, chlorobcnzene, trimethoxybenzene, hexyl- toluene, methyl p-anisate, thiophene, and furfurol with thiophosphorus trihalides, thiophosphonic dichlorides and thiophosphinic chlorides in the presence of FRIEDEL CRAFTS activators has been studied. The preparation of thiophosphonic dihalides, RPSX2, (R=C6H5, ClC6H4, FC6H4, CH3, C6H4; X=C1, Br), thiophosphinic halides, RR′PSCl (R, R′ =C6H5, ClC6H4, FC6H4, CH3C6H4, C6H13, C6H3CH3; R =C6H5, R′=CH,; X = C1, Br), as well as of tertiary phosphine sulfides, RR′R″S (R, R′R″= C6H5, ClC6H4, CH3C6H4, C6H13, C6H3CH3; R =CH3, R′R″=C6H5, and R =CH3, R′=C2H5, R″=C6H6) is described. Some reactions of tertiary phosphine sulfides are also reported.
PB1-F2 Proteins from H5N1 and 20th Century Pandemic Influenza Viruses Cause Immunopathology

With the recent emergence of a novel pandemic strain, there is presently intense interest in understanding the molecular signatures of virulence of influenza viruses. PB1-F2 proteins from epidemiologically important influenza A virus strains were studied to determine their function and contribution to virulence. Using 27-mer peptides derived from the C-terminal sequence of PB1-F2 and chimeric viruses engineered on a common background, we demonstrated that induction of cell death through PB1-F2 is dependent upon BAK/BAX mediated cytochrome c release from mitochondria. This function was specific for the PB1-F2 protein of A/Puerto Rico/8/34 and was not seen using PB1-F2 peptides derived from past pandemic strains. However, PB1-F2 proteins from the three pandemic strains of the 20th century and a highly pathogenic strain of the H5N1 subtype were shown to enhance the lung inflammatory response resulting in increased pathology. Recently circulating seasonal influenza A strains were not capable of this pro-inflammatory function, having lost the PB1-F2 protein's immunostimulatory activity through truncation or mutation during adaptation in humans. These data suggest that the PB1-F2 protein contributes to the virulence of pandemic strains when the PB1 gene segment is recently derived from the avian reservoir.
Substance P found to lower body temperature and aggression.

Abstract Synthetic substance P (SP) was bioassayed in mice by a procedure comprising eleven subtests. Two replications of a dose-response study were conducted at the time of the peak effect of the intravenous injection of SP. Single doses of 31 and 63 ng/kg significantly decreased body temperature. SP, [D-Arg1]-SP, and [des-NH2-Arg1]-SP comparably lowered blood pressure, but [D-Arg1]-SP and [des-NH2-Arg1]-SP were 1 20 to 1 10 as active as SP in lowering body temperature. The activities that lower body temperature and blood pressure may be different. The thyrotropin and luteinizing hormone releasing hormones (TRH and LH-RH) did not lower body temperature. SP also decreased the aggressive response (ED50, 89 ng/kg).
Methacrylate embedding and sectioning of calcified bone.

Twenty-five milliliter aliquots of ethyl-butyl (1:1) methacrylate were polymerized at 6 or 7 initiator concentrations using 3 polymerization temperatures, both in air and in a water bath. Duplicate series were polymerized with and without vibration, pre-polymerization, and exclusion of oxygen. Hardening times and maximum temperatures reached within the samples were recorded. Vibration and the exclusion of oxygen had no effect. Prepolymerization, increasing polymerization temperature and increasing initiator concentration all decreased the hardening time and increased the maximum temperature. Polymerizing in a water bath rather than in air reduced the maximum temperature by 25–40°C and lengthened the hardening time about 1 hr. An initiator concentration of 0.4% Luperco CDB in ethyl-butyl methacrylate and a water-bath temperature of 45°C were selected for tissue embedding. The hardening time was 8 hr and the maximum temperature during polymerization was about 60°C.Split rat femora and tibiae were freeze-dri...
Implementation and Modeling for High-performance I/O Hub Used in SPARC M7 Processor-Based Servers

The I/O Hub (IOH) for SPARC M7 processor-based servers is an ASIC providing high performance, flexible, and virtualized access to multiple Gen3 PCIe devices. The IOH's top-level interconnect, connecting multiple PCIe Root Complexes to a set of SPARC M7 protocol interface units, proved challenging for design, verification, performance modeling, and physical implementation. Close collaboration between these disciplines was required to deliver a production quality ASIC. We report on some specific technical issues we encountered and how the interconnect design strategy shifted through the course of development as we made optimizations based on performance modeling feedback and physical design constraints.
Fiber optic Doppler anemometry (FODA) as a tool in formulating emulsions

Abstract Fiber optic Doppler anemometry (FODA) was used to determine the mean droplet radius and the relative number of droplets in a model olive oil emulsion. The model emulsion consisted of 40% olive oil in water with a nonionic surfactant mixture. Surfactant ratio, total surfactant concentration, and the initial distribution of the two surfactants were studied. The optimal surfactant ratio to produce the smallest mean droplet radius and the greatest relative number of droplets corresponded to an HLB of 9. The optimum total surfactant concentration was directly related to the olive oil concentration in the formulation. Also, the optimum insonation time and processing volume were determined. Droplet interactions were detected in the optimized emulsion formulation. The emulsion had a zeta potential of −36.7 mV. Replacement of a small portion of the nonionic surfactants with sodium lauryl sulfate while maintaining the overall HLB resulted in a zeta potential of −55.6 mV. Analysis by FODA indicated that the more negative surface charge increased the repulsive droplet interactions. In contrast, replacement of the nonionic surfactants with dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide resulted in a zeta potential of −17.1 mV, and enhanced attractive droplet interactions were detected by FODA.