cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Complex formation and chemical specificity of boric acid in production of chicken embryo malformations.

SummaryPolyhydroxy compounds (D-ribose, pyridoxine hydrochloride, D-sorbitol hydrate); known to form complexes with boric acid, were tested for their effect on the teratogenic action of boric acid during development of the chicken embryo. It was found that complex formation reduces or abolishes the teratogenic qualities of boric acid. Triethanoalmine borate produced the same malformations as did boric acid. Injected sodium aluminate caused few developmental defects, but they seem to be related to those brought about by boron compounds. Our results support the working hypothesis that boric acid interferes with normal development by complex formation in ovo with potyhydroxy compounds, thereby producing symptoms resembling riboflavin deficiency. Additional evidence suggesting that in our material boric acid acted on coenzymes rather than on enzymes was presented earlier.
Evolution of a fold-thrust belt deforming a unit with pre-existing linear asperities: Insights from analog models

Abstract Heterogeneity, whether geometric or rheologic, in crustal material undergoing compression affects the geometry of the structures produced. This study documents the thrust fault geometries produced when discrete linear asperities are introduced into an analog model, scaled to represent bulk upper crustal properties, and compressed. Varying obliquities of the asperities are used, relative to the imposed compression, and the resultant development of thrust fault traces and branch lines in map view is tracked. Once the model runs are completed, cross-sections are created and analyzed. The models show that asperities confined to the base layer promote the clustering of branch lines in the surface thrusts. Strong clustering in branch lines is also noted where several asperities are in close proximity or cross. Slight reverse-sense reactivation of asperities cut through the sedimentary sequence is noted in cross-section, where the asperity and the subsequent thrust belt interact. The model results are comparable to the situation in the Dinaric Alps, where pre-existing faults to the SW of the NE Adriatic Fault Zone contribute to the clustering of branch lines developed in the surface fold-thrust belt. These results can therefore be used to evaluate the evolution of other basement-involved fold-thrust belts worldwide.
An exploration on the citizenship of new generation migrant workers under the new situation of China

New generation migrant workers wander between rural areas and urban areas,and the phenomenon of dual "edged person" for new generation migrant workers is becoming more and more obvious.New generation migrant workers stay in urban areas and becoming urban residents are advantageous to settle the dilemma of planning city and countryside development.However,that new generation migrant workers are fully melted into the life of urban residents and realize the change of identity are puzzled by a series of negative factors of system,society and individual,etc.The government of all levels should adopts some measures to help new generation migrant workers change the identity from country to city.
Evaluation of Abamectin CS Chemical Stability

A HPLC method was established for the evaluation of abamectin CS chemical stability.The chrcxnatographic conditions were as follows:a variable wavelength UV detector;column:150 mm×3.9 mm(i.d.) stainless steel column filled Nova-PakC18,5 um(or equivalent effect column);mobile phase:methanol:acetonitrile:water=25:55:20;detection wavelength:245nm;flow rate:1.0 mL/min.Regression equation:y=1.69×10~7×x+1667,r=0.9999,SD=0.03%(n=5).This method is simple,rapid,accurate and reproducible and it is appropriate for the evaluation of abamectin CS chemical stability.
Characterization of interconnect multi-core fiber cable: Mechanical/thermal characteristics and inter-core crosstalk of the straightened cable

Loss and crosstalk variations of an indoor multi-core fiber (MCF) cable were evaluated during mechanical and thermal tests. Furthermore, for the first time, the crosstalk of the MCF in the straightened cable was observed. The results demonstrate optical-characteristics robustness of the MCF cable.
Examining the Feasibility, Tolerability, and Preliminary Efficacy of Repetitive Task-Specific Practice for People With Unilateral Spatial Neglect.

OBJECTIVE We examined the feasibility, tolerability, and preliminary efficacy of repetitive task-specific practice for people with unilateral spatial neglect (USN). METHOD People with USN ≥6 mo poststroke participated in a single-group, repeated-measures study. Attendance, total repetitions, and satisfaction indicated feasibility and pain indicated tolerability. Paired t tests and effect sizes were used to estimate changes in upper-extremity use (Motor Activity Log), function (Action Research Arm Test), and attention (Catherine Bergego Scale). RESULTS Twenty participants attended 99.4% of sessions and completed a high number of repetitions. Participants reported high satisfaction and low pain, and they demonstrated small, significant improvements in upper-extremity use (before Bonferroni corrections; t = -2.1, p = .04, d = .30), function (t = -3.0, p < .01, d = .20), and attention (t = -3.4, p < .01, d = -.44). CONCLUSION Repetitive task-specific practice is feasible and tolerable for people with USN. Improvements in upper-extremity use, function, and attention may be attainable.
Adriamycin Enhancement of Cyclophosphamide-Induced Bladder Injury

Hemorrhagic cystitis as a complication of cancer chemotherapy has been most commonly associated with cyclophosphamide. We report on a patient who had received cyclophosphamide for treatment of breast carcinoma and had hemorrhagic cystitis temporally associated with subsequent adriamycin therapy. The development of subclinical bladder injury induced by cyclophosphamide and enhanced by adriamycin similar to their combined toxicities at other sites (skin, esophagus and heart) is postulated.
Use of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonists in controlled ovarian hyperstimulation for in vitro fertilisation

The aim of ovarian hyperstimulation for in vitro fertilization (IVF) is the recruitment of multiple fertilizable healthy oocytes. Transfer of multiple embryos yields a better success rate than single-embryo transfers. Moreover, cryopreservation of excess pre-embryos allows patients an added opportunity to achieve a pregnancy without undergoing a repeat stimulated cycle. In the last 4 years, gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (Gn-RH) agonists have been used widely as adjuncts to gonadotrophins for ovarian hyperstimulation. Advantages of Gn-RH agonist use include prevention of a premature luteinising hormone (LH) surge, suppression of endogenous basal LH levels and recruitment of a larger cohort of follicles. Gn-RH agonists can be used in a long (suppression) or a short (stimulatory, flare-up) protocol. In our clinic, the use of Gn-RH agonist suppression (starting in the mid-luteal phase) prior to ovarian hyperstimulation was demonstrated to be extremely beneficial in intermediate and high responder patients but not in low responders (defined endocrinologically as patients with a basal follicle-stimulating hormone [FSH]: LH ratio of 1:1 and a basal LH:FSH ratio of greater than or equal to 1.5, respectively). We have not been able to demonstrate any beneficial effects from the use of Gn-RH agonist suppression in low responder patients (defined endocrinologically as patients with a basal FSH greater than or equal to 15 mIU/ml). In such low responder patients, the use of a 'flare-up' Gn-RH agonist protocol (Gn-RH agonist starting on day 2 of the cycle, followed by gonadotrophins on day 4 of the cycle), taking advantage of the initial agonistic stimulatory effect of Gn-RH agonists on endogenous FSH and LH secretion, has provided significant improvements in stimulation characteristics and better pregnancy results. It should be emphasised that comparisons of results cannot be attempted due to the selective use of each protocol in different patient populations.
The Cytogenetics of Spontaneous Abortion

Pregnancy loss is quite common, with 15–20 % of recognized pregnancies resulting in failure. The majority of these occur early in gestation, though losses in the second and third trimester are not rare. Approximately 2–5 % of women will experience two or more losses. The majority of pregnancy failures are associated with cytogenetic abnormalities, with over 50 % of early miscarriages and as many as 5 % of stillbirths exhibiting abnormal karyotypes.
The Discrete Ordinate Algorithm, DISORT for Radiative Transfer

The discrete ordinate method for the transfer of monochromatic unpolarized radiation in non-isothermal, vertically inhomogeneous media, as implemented in the computer code Discrete-Ordinate-Method Radiative Transfer, DISORT, is reviewed. Both the theoretical background and its algorithmic implementation are covered. Among others, described are the reduction of the order of the standard algebraic eigenvalue problem to increase efficiency in both the homogenous and particular solutions of the system of coupled ordinary differential equations, application of the scaling transformation to make the solution unconditionally stable for arbitrary large values of optical depth, application of the δ-M method to handle highly anisotropic scattering, the correction of intensities by the Nakajima-Tanaka method, and the implementation of a realistic bidirectional bottom boundary. Numerical considerations that make the implementation robust and efficient are also discussed. Examples of setting up DISORT runs are shown by using test cases with increasing complexity. Brief summaries of the versions released to date are provided, as well.
Optimal software-implemented Itoh---Tsujii inversion for $$\mathbb {F}_{2^{m}}$$F2m

Field inversion in $$\mathbb {F}_{2^{m}}$$F2m dominates the cost of modern software implementations of certain elliptic curve cryptographic operations, such as point encoding/hashing into elliptic curves (Brown et al. in: Submission to NIST, 2008; Brown in: IACR Cryptology ePrint Archive 2008:12, 2008; Aranha et al. in: Cryptology ePrint Archive, Report 2014/486, 2014) Itoh---Tsujii inversion using a polynomial basis and precomputed table-based multi-squaring has been demonstrated to be highly effective for software implementations (Taverne et al. in: CHES 2011, 2011; Oliveira et al. in: J Cryptogr Eng 4(1):3---17, 2014; Aranha et al. in: Cryptology ePrint Archive, Report 2014/486, 2014), but the performance and memory use depend critically on the choice of addition chain and multi-squaring tables, which in prior work have been determined only by suboptimal ad-hoc methods and manual selection. We thoroughly investigated the performance/memory tradeoff for table-based linear transforms used for efficient multi-squaring. Based upon the results of that investigation, we devised a comprehensive cost model for Itoh---Tsujii inversion and a corresponding optimization procedure that is empirically fast and provably finds globally-optimal solutions. We tested this method on eight binary fields commonly used for elliptic curve cryptography; our method found lower-cost solutions than the ad-hoc methods used previously, and for the first time enables a principled exploration of the time/memory tradeoff of inversion implementations.
Examining the use of adaptive technologies to increase the hands-on participation of students with blindness or low vision in secondary-school chemistry and physics

To determine whether a suite of audible adaptive technologies would increase the hands-on participation of high school students with blindness or low vision in chemistry and physics courses, data were examined from a multi-year field study conducted with students in mainstream classrooms at secondary schools across the United States. The students worked with sighted laboratory partners. Four categories of data were analyzed with regard to levels of hands-on participation, including quantitative coding of video-recorded laboratory lessons, qualitative assessment of the same videos, student interviews, and teacher interviews. Evidence in support of the efficacy of the technologies to increase the students' hands-on participation during laboratory lessons was substantial. However, certain factors affected the quantitative interpretation of the data: students with usable low vision experienced similar levels of participation both with and without the adaptations, and students with little usable vision often required more time than did students with full vision to accomplish some laboratory tasks. Additional factors inherent to natural educational environments were also determined to have strong effects on student outcomes.
Targeting the mTOR Pathway Suppresses the Growth of Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) Progenitors and Enhances Arsenic Trioxide Induced Antileukemic Responses.

-Background: A limiting factor for the use of arsenic trioxide (As 2 O 3 ) in the treatment of non-APL subtypes of AML is the requirement of very high concentrations for the induction of leukemic cell death. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a key cellular regulator of multiple signaling events that control initiation of mRNA translation in leukemia cells. We examined the effects of As 2 O 3 on mTOR-dependent cellular pathways in AML cells and determined whether modulation of the mTOR pathway sensitizes them to the antileukemic properties of As 2 O 3 . Methods: The human AML cell lines KG1, U937, or MM6 were treated with increasing concentrations of As 2 O 3 . Activation of p70 S6 kinase (p70S6K) was evaluated by immune-complex kinase assays in anti-p70S6K immunoprecipitates, while phosphorylation of various downstream mTOR effectors was assessed by immunoblotting with specific antibodies against phosphorylated S6 ribosomal protein (rpS6) and the translational repressor 4E-BP1. MTT assays were used to assess proliferation of the various cell lines, while apoptosis was determined by annexin V-propidium iodide staining. Finally, bone marrow mononuclear cells from patients with AML were used in clonogenic assays in methylcellulose to assess the effects of As 2 O 3 and/or rapamycin on leukemic progenitor cell growth. Results: Treatment of AML cells with As 2 O 3 resulted in activation of the p70 S6K and phosphorylation of its downstream effector, rpS6, on Ser240/244, and such events were mTOR-dependent. In addition, the translational repressor 4E-BP1 was phosphorylated on Thr37/46 and Thr70, sites whose phosphorylation is required for 4E-BP1 de-activation and dissociation from eIF4E. Pharmacological inhibition of mTOR activity blocked the growth of AML cell lines as determined by MTT assays, while the addition of As 2 O 3 to the cultures further enhanced the inhibitory effects of rapamycin. On the other hand, AS 2 O 3 -dependent induction of apoptosis was not enhanced by rapamycin in AML cells, suggesting selective effects on cell cycle and growth inhibition. Rapamycin also inhibited leukemic CFU-GM progenitor colony formation from 6 AML patients and enhanced the suppressive effects of AS 2 O 3 on leukemic progenitor cell growth. Conclusions: Paradoxically, As 2 O 3 activates the pro-growth and pro-survival mTOR pathway in AML cells. Such activation appears to occur in a negative feedback regulatory manner to compensate for AS 2 O 3 responses. Thus, combinations of AS 2 O 3 with mTOR inhibitors may be an effective approach to overcome AS 2 O 3 -resistance in AML cells.
InterVisAR: An Interactive Visualization for Association Rule Search

Association rule mining has been utilized extensively in many areas because it has the ability to discover relationships among variables in large databases. However, one main drawback of association rule mining is that it attempts to generate a large number of rules and does not guarantee that the rules are meaningful in the real world. Many visualization techniques have been proposed for association rules. These techniques were designed to provide a global overview of all rules so as to identify the most meaningful rules. However, using these visualization techniques to search for specific rules becomes challenging especially when the volume of rules is extremely large. In this study, we have developed an interactive association rule visualization technique, called InterVisAR, specifically designed for effective rule search. We conducted a user study with 24 participants, and the results demonstrated that InterVisAR provides an efficient and accurate visualization solution. We also verified that InterVisAR satisfies a non-factorial property that should be guaranteed in performing rule search. All participants also expressed high preference towards InterVisAR as it provides a more comfortable and pleasing visualization in association rule search comparing with table-based rule search.
Effect of band-tails on the subthreshold performance of 2D tunnel-FETs

2D layered materials have been recently demonstrated to be very promising for tunneling field-effect transistor (TFET) applications [1],[2]. However, a complete and detailed analysis of the band-edge properties of 2D semiconductors that determine the fundamental subthreshold performance limits of TFETs is still lacking. This work, for the first time, fills this gap and provides new insight into the unique advantages of 2D materials for designing TFETs. This is achieved by combining photoluminescence (PL) measurements as well as analytical modeling and first-principle calculations. It is unveiled that for near-intrinsic TFET channel materials at room temperature, 2D semiconductors outperform bulk materials primarily due to weak electron-phonon interaction arising from the low deformation potential and low phonon energy in these 2D materials. On the other hand, it is shown that 2D materials can be more adversely affected by doping impurities and defects, which degrades subthreshold characteristics. Furthermore, subthreshold characteristics of TFETs realized with various combinations of bulk and 2D materials are extracted and compared. It is shown that 2D-2D lateral heterostructure TFETs can provide superior subthreshold performance w.r.t other TFET structures due to stronger dielectric screening and tunable tunneling width. In particular, lateral BP-WSe 2 and BP-WTe 2 heterostructure TFETs exhibit the lowest achievable subthreshold swings.
RVUs Poorly Correlate with Other Measures of Surgical Effort and Complexity

Background The relationship between procedural relative value units (RVUs) for surgical procedures and other measures of surgeon effort are poorly characterized. We hypothesized that RVUs would poorly correlate with quantifiable metrics of surgeon effort.
Posttraumatic stress, risky drinking, and prescription drug misuse in trauma-exposed college students

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to examine whether coping motives mediate the relationship between posttraumatic stress (PTS) and both risky drinking and prescription drug misuse in trauma-exposed college students. Data collected from 996 trauma-exposed college students were analyzed using the structural equation modeling approach. Supporting the hypotheses of the study, participants with high levels of posttraumatic stress reported increased motivation to drink alcohol to cope with distress, which then predicted higher levels of risky drinking and prescription drug misuse. These findings suggest that trauma-exposed students who drink alcohol to cope with PTS may also be at high risk of prescription drug misuse.
Microfibrous Scaffolds Enhance Endothelial Differentiation and Organization of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are a promising source of endothelial cells (iPSC-ECs) for engineering three-dimensional (3D) vascularized cardiac tissues. To mimic cardiac microvasculature, in which capillaries are oriented in parallel, we hypothesized that endothelial differentiation of iPSCs within topographically aligned 3D scaffolds would be a facile one-step approach to generate iPSC-ECs as well as induce aligned vascular organization. Human iPSCs underwent endothelial differentiation within electrospun 3D polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds having either randomly oriented or parallel-aligned microfibers. Using gene, protein, and endothelial functional assays, endothelial differentiation was compared between conventional two-dimensional (2D) films and 3D scaffolds having either randomly oriented or aligned microfibers. Furthermore, the role of parallel-aligned microfiber patterning on the organization of vessel-like networks was assessed. The cells in both the randomly oriented and aligned 3D scaffolds demonstrated an 11-fold upregulation in gene expression of the endothelial phenotypic marker, CD31, compared to cells on 2D films. This upregulation corresponded to >3-fold increase in CD31 protein expression in 3D scaffolds, compared to 2D films. Concomitantly, other endothelial phenotypic markers including CD144 and endothelial nitric oxide synthase also showed significant transcriptional upregulation in 3D scaffolds by >7-fold, compared to 2D films. Nitric oxide production, which is characteristic of endothelial function, was produced 4-fold more abundantly in 3D scaffolds, compared to on 2D PCL films. Within aligned scaffolds, the iPSC-ECs displayed parallel-aligned vascular-like networks with 70% longer branch length, compared to cells in randomly oriented scaffolds, suggesting that fiber topography modulates vascular network-like formation and patterning. Together, these results demonstrate that a 3D scaffold structure promotes endothelial differentiation, compared to 2D substrates, and that aligned topographical patterning induces anisotropic vascular network-like organization.
In Our Own Image: Shaping Attitudes about Social Work through Television Production

Social work has an image problem in the popular media. Historically, social workers abdicated control for shaping public opinion to media producers who had no investment in the future of the profession. Since 1992, this author, colleagues, and students from the University of Nevada, Reno, School of Social Work, have been producing independent television documentaries for broadcast purposes. A systematic approach to media instruction has evolved. This article promotes the inclusion of such content in the traditional social work curriculum as an innovative educational approach.
Efficient distributed state estimation of hidden Markov Models over unreliable networks

This paper presents a new recursive Hybrid consensus filter for distributed state estimation on a Hidden Markov Model (HMM), which is well suited to multirobot applications and settings. The proposed algorithm is scalable, robust to network failure and capable of handling non-Gaussian transition and observation models and is, therefore, quite general. No global knowledge of the communication network is assumed. Iterative Conservative Fusion (ICF) is used to reach consensus over potentially correlated priors, while consensus over likelihoods is handled using weights based on a Metropolis Hastings Markov Chain (MHMC). The proposed method is evaluated in a multi-agent tracking problem and a high-dimensional HMM and it is shown that its performance surpasses the competing algorithms.
CMV Disease in IBD: Comparison of Diagnostic Tests and Correlation with Disease Outcome.

Background Significance of cytomegalovirus (CMV) in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is unclear due to pathobiology, numerous CMV tests, and disparate treatment outcomes. Methods Retrospective chart review was done on patients with positive qualitative CMV tissue polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from 2005-2013 at a tertiary referral hospital. Frequency of PCR+, hematoxylin and eosin staining(HE)+, histopathology and immunohistochemistry (IHC)+ was assessed. IHC was assessed on a sample of PCR- tissues. Surgery rates were correlated with CMV testing and treatment. Results PCR was done on 310 samples from 180 patients. Thirty-seven samples were PCR+ (51.4% PCR+ only, 35.1% IHC/PCR+, 13.5% HE/IHC/PCR+). The H&E frequently failed to detect CMV identified on extensive IHC. Of 13 PCR- samples tested with IHC, 100% were negative. Twenty-five patients were CMV+ (40% PCR+, 40% IHC/PCR+, 20% HE/IHC/PCR+). Surgery rates increased with number of positive tests: 60% in IHC/PCR+ and 80% in HE/IHC/PCR+, compared to 26.8% in PCR- or PCR+ (P = 0.03, P = 0.02, respectively). There were 20/25 PCR+ patients who received CMV treatment. Surgery occurred in 80% of HE+ patients despite treatment and 100% of IHC+ patients without treatment. Conclusions Rates of CMV+ testing and surgical risk varied by test modality. PCR+ results were most frequent but alone did not detect clinically significant CMV. HE+ testing was least frequent and associated with highest surgical rate, despite treatment. CMV treatment may benefit IHC+ patients most, supporting immunostaining as optimal diagnostic test for clinically significant CMV in IBD. In PCR+ samples, HE frequently did not detect CMV identified on extensive IHC. In PCR- samples, data suggest IHC is likely negative. Consider using qualitative PCR to guide extensive immunostaining.
Variations in the Evaluation of ASTM A 262, Practice E, Results (ASTM Subcommittee A01.14 Round Robin)

A total of 42 evaluations in accordance with ASTM Recommended Practices for Detecting Susceptibility to Intergranular Attack in Stainless Steels (A 262-75), Practice E, were obtained from seven different organizations on the same eleven sensitized Type 304 stainless steel specimens subjected to different exposure times in boiling acidified copper-copper sulfate solution and then bent on a 1-T radius. The results indicate that subjective factors influence such evaluations, as evidenced by differences in the classification of the same specimens between different evaluators, with one specimen classified as "passed" and "failed" by approximately equal percentages of evaluators.
Security and Privacy in Online Social Networks: Optimization Perspectives

Recently, Online Social Networks (OSNs) becomes one of the most remarkable technologies in the twenty-first century since it has been extraordinarily popular with over 200 million users. Security and privacy problems are the most important issues in OSNs. In this chapter, we introduced the optimization of security and privacy problems in OSNs. We characterized three existing works with different targets to give a view of this problem.
Buprenorphine Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetics

Buprenorphine, a derivative of the poppy alkaloid thebaine, is a semi-synthetic opioid that was initially synthesized as one of a series of compounds from oripavine [1]. Early in its development, it was recognized that buprenorphine did not behave as a typical mu opioid agonist as it could both produce mu opioid action and block mu opioid effects, hence its early characterization as an opioid agonist–antagonist [2, 3]. It is now known that buprenorphine acts as a partial opioid agonist at the mu receptor, an antagonist at the kappa opioid receptor [4], and as a partial agonist at the nociceptin/orphanin opioid-like receptor (ORL-1, FQ-NOP) [5]. As the benefits of buprenorphine in the treatment of pain and opioid dependence are attributable primarily to buprenorphine’s action at mu opioid receptors, this chapter will focus on those actions. It is unclear whether the kappa antagonist and/or nociceptin/orphanin partial agonist activity of buprenorphine produce any effects of clinical relevance, although this has been the focus of some speculation. For example, as kappa agonists are known to produce significant dysphoric effects [6, 7], studies have explored the possibility that buprenorphine, with its kappa antagonist actions, may produce euphoria as a secondary effect, thereby acting as an antidepressant to enhance mood. However, controlled studies have reported no differential benefit of buprenorphine when compared to methadone (which lacks kappa receptor blockade activity) on improvement of depressive symptoms that may occur during the course of treatment for opioid dependence [8]. With regard to the ORL-1 receptor, recent preclinical data suggest that the ORL-1 partial agonist action of buprenorphine can decrease alcohol consumption in laboratory animals [9]; however, this interesting effect has not yet been carefully explored in humans.
UNDERSTANDING THE U.S. CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY AN INTEGRAL TASK OF THE “SAGE” SOLAR COMMERCIALIZATION PROJECT†

ABSTRACT From its beginning in 1973, SAGE has been a multidisciplined investigation into technical, economic, and institutional requirements for successful commercialization of Solar-Assisted Gas Energy for domestic hot water heating in low-density multi-family housing. As one aspect, studies began early of the structure of the U.S. Construction Industry, the roles of its key actors, and their attitudes towards technological innovation. These investigations have insured that the two SAGE demonstration installations involved appropriate Industry participants and were viable in its terms. Results from these demonstrations and the on-going industry studies were combined to create “utilization requirements.” “UR's” are believed to be system characteristics essential for successful commercialization of solar technology in southern California. This paper reports on the findings of these Industry studies and the process by which they have been utilized by Project SAGE.
Acute Management of the Stroke Patient

The patient presenting with a cerebral infarction must undergo a thorough investigation for causes of infarction, which include atherosclerotic thromboembolic disease, cardiac disease, arterial wall abnormalities, and hematologic disorders. The investigation should include neurologic as well as cardiac and neuroradiologic evaluation. Treatment of acute hypertension should be cautious. New treatment modalities that show promise in maximizing return of function are being used. Efforts must be directed toward the prevention of recurrent infarction.
Scattering by a three-dimensional object composed of the simplest Lorentz-nonreciprocal medium

The simplest Lorentz-nonreciprocal medium has the constitutive relations (D=ϵ0E-Γ×H and B=μ0H+Γ×E). Scattering by a three-dimensional object composed of this medium was investigated using the extended boundary condition method. Scattering by this object in free space must be attributed to nonzero Γ=|Γ|. The differential scattering efficiency is immune to the transformation of the incident toroidal electric field phasor into a poloidal electric field phasor, or vice versa, and a consequence of this source invariance is the polarization-state invariance of the differential scattering efficiency when the irradiating field is a plane wave. Both the total scattering and forward-scattering efficiencies of an ellipsoid composed of the simplest Lorentz-nonreciprocal medium are maximum when the plane wave is incident in a direction coparallel (but not antiparallel) to Γ, and the backscattering efficiency is minimum when Γ is parallel to the incidence direction. The total scattering and forward-scattering efficiencies are maximum when the incidence direction is parallel to the largest semi-axis of the ellipsoid if the incidence direction is coparallel (but not antiparallel) to Γ. Lorentz nonreciprocity in an object is thus intimately connected to the shape of that object in affecting the scattered field.
Reliability and Validity Evidence for the Hawaii Early Learning Profile, Birth-3 Years:

This study provides preliminary evidence for reliability and validity of the Hawaii Early Learning Profile Strands 0-3 (HELP Strands 0-3), an assessment instrument for young children. First, the de...
Educator Insights: International Marketing Blunders by American Firms in Japan—Some Lessons for Management:

This article investigates separate cases of marketing blunders committed by prominent multinationals in Japan. Examined are General Mills, Avon Cosmetics, Simmons Mattress, Procter and Gamble, Gene...
Exercise influence on the microbiome–gut–brain axis

The microbiome in the gut is a diverse environment, housing the majority of our bacterial microbes. This microecosystem has a symbiotic relationship with the surrounding multicellular organism, and a balance and diversity of specific phyla of bacteria support general health. When gut bacteria diversity diminishes, there are systemic consequences, such as gastrointestinal and psychological distress. This pathway of communication is known as the microbiome-gut-brain axis. Interventions such as probiotic supplementation that influence microbiome also improve both gut and brain disorders. Recent evidence suggests that aerobic exercise improves the diversity and abundance of genera from the Firmcutes phylum, which may be the link between the positive effects of exercise on the gut and brain. The purpose of this review is to explain the complex communication pathway of the microbiome-gut-brain axis and further examine the role of exercise on influencing this communication highway.
mTOR and other effector kinase signals that impact T cell function and activity

T cells play important roles in autoimmune diseases and cancer. Following the cloning of the T cell receptor (TCR), the race was on to map signaling proteins that contributed to T cell activation downstream of the TCR as well as co-stimulatory molecules such as CD28. We term this "canonical TCR signaling" here. More recently, it has been appreciated that T cells need to accommodate increased metabolic needs that stem from T cell activation in order to function properly. A central role herein has emerged for mechanistic/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). In this review we briefly cover canonical TCR signaling to set the stage for discussion on mTOR signaling, mRNA translation, and metabolic adaptation in T cells. We also discuss the role of mTOR in follicular helper T cells, regulatory T cells, and other T cell subsets. Our lab recently uncovered that "tonic signals", which pass through proximal TCR signaling components, are robustly and selectively transduced to mTOR to promote baseline translation of various mRNA targets. We discuss insights on (tonic) mTOR signaling in the context of T cell function in autoimmune diseases such as lupus as well as in cancer immunotherapy through CAR-T cell or checkpoint blockade approaches.
Simulation Study on the Transient Characteristics of HVDC Voltage Divider and Their Effects on undervoltage sensing protection

In order to analyze the transient characteristic of voltage dividers in HVDC systems, the transfer function of DC voltage divider is derived. Analysis results show that the characteristics of DC voltage divider are determined by both two-stage resistor-capacitor voltage bleeder circuit and isolation amplifier circuit. Especially, if the parameters of the resistors and capacitors in two-stage bleeder circuits are all match well, cutoff frequency of the isolation amplifier will become the most key parameter, which determines the transmission characteristics of divider. When the cutoff frequency of isolation amplifier decreases, the rise time of the step response of DC voltage divider increases significantly. Furthermore, the effects of the transient characteristics of DC voltage divider on undervoltage sensing protection are also analyzed by simulation. Simulation results indicate that the fault component of the voltage at the secondary side of divider is much smaller than that in the first side, when the short fault occurs. Therefore, the sensitivity and the anti-resistant capacity of the protection are also decreased. Increasing the cut-off frequency may be an effective way to increase the sensitivity of such protection.
Using active learning strategies in teaching introductory database courses

Learning databases for the university undergraduate students is an essential part of their education in computer science and related fields as it emphasizes theoretical and practical aspects of database application development. Currently, the most common teaching methodology used in teaching such a course is lecture-based, project-based, or even a flipped classroom environment. In this paper, we present a teaching strategy to an introductory database course, inspired by active learning pedagogies, that uses multiple in-class case studies, student teams, and student roles to promote student self-learning, engagement, and higher order thinking skills. This paper shows the positive impact of such a teaching strategy on student performance and its suitability for these kinds of introductory courses.
Factors associated with physical injury or police involvement during incidents of workplace violence in hospitals: Findings from the first year of California's new standard

Background Workplace violence in healthcare settings is known to be a costly and often underreported problem. In California, hospitals are required to report incidents of violence towards workers to the California Occupational Safety and Health Administration (CalOSHA) using an online reporting system that went into effect in 2017. Methods Reports submitted to CalOSHA from July 2017 to September 2018 pursuant to this new requirement were analyzed using descriptive methods and logistic regression. Results Four hundred eight hospitals submitted reports using the new incident reporting system. Behavioral health units had 1.82 times the odds of the reported incident resulting in physical injury compared to inpatient medical units, and investor-owned facilities had 2.43 times the odds of the reported incident resulting in physical injury compared to city or county-owned facilities. Inpatient and behavioral health units had significantly reduced odds of a reported incident resulting in police involvement when compared to other locations within the hospital. Conclusions These findings indicate that protections for healthcare workers deserve ongoing attention from stakeholders and legislators and provide insight into how healthcare facilities report incidents of violence towards workers.
Competition in the Digital Advertising Market

Digital platforms have attracted unparalleled recent interest from antitrust and competition authorities. Many digital platforms are free to consumers and are supported by advertising. Given this, the question of how advertisers approach and allocate advertising matters for understanding the potential competitive implications of digital platforms. The topic of digital advertising and competition is vast, so in this paper I focus on analyzing a very simple question-what drives advertisers to substitute across advertising venues, and what barriers might exist to an advertiser switching or substituting between advertising venues?
Addressing Water Insecurity with a Greywater Hydroponics System in South Africa

Climate change, increasing human population, and continued environmental degradation all threaten access to clean drinking water. As approximately seventy percent of all freshwater is used for agriculture globally, these threats also pose a challenge to food security, especially in developing countries. To combat issues of local water insecurity, a hydroponics, or soilless farming, system was designed in partnership with LEAP 5 School in Jane Furse, South Africa. This system, which utilizes sustainable materials, a self-monitoring controls system, and greywater input, will act as an educational tool for students and significantly reduce freshwater use compared to traditional, in-ground agriculture. An education plan will accompany the implementation of the system to provide an avenue for community engagement and encourage the adoption of alternative, water-saving farming methods.
Review and reappraisal of assessment parameters of second intention healing after Mohs micrographic surgery

Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) is used to remove cutaneous tumors in cosmetically sensitive anatomic areas. Surgeons can provide several reconstructive options to patients following tumor removal, including primary closure, skin grafts, local, regional or free flaps, and secondary intention healing (SIH). Notably, with the advancement of surgical and reconstructive techniques, the use of second intention healing has declined and may be underutilized. This review aims to critically evaluate the literature regarding indications, anatomical considerations, advantages, and complications of second intention wound healing following Mohs surgery. We also offer reappraisal of SIH following MMS to promote evidence-based postoperative care.
Deletion of AMPK minimizes graft-versus-host disease through an early impact on effector donor T cells

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is a viable treatment for multiple hematologic diseases, but its application is often limited by graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), where donor T cells attack host tissues in the skin, liver, and gastrointestinal tract. Here, we examined the role of the cellular energy sensor AMP kinase (AMPK) in alloreactive T cells during GVHD development. Early posttransplant, AMPK activity increased more than 15-fold in allogeneic T cells, and transplantation of T cells deficient in both AMPKα1 and AMPKα2 decreased GVHD severity in multiple disease models. Importantly, a lack of AMPK lessened GVHD without compromising antileukemia responses or impairing lymphopenia-driven immune reconstitution. Mechanistically, absence of AMPK decreased both CD4+ and CD8+ effector T cell numbers as early as day 3 posttransplant, while simultaneously increasing regulatory T cell (Treg) percentages. Improvements in GVHD resulted from cell-intrinsic perturbations in conventional effector T cells as depletion of donor Tregs had minimal impact on AMPK-related improvements. Together, these results highlight a specific role for AMPK in allogeneic effector T cells early posttransplant and suggest that AMPK inhibition may be an innovative approach to mitigate GVHD while preserving graft-versus-leukemia responses and maintaining robust immune reconstitution.
Circulating fashion: a global production networks analysis of Chinese wig business in Africa

Drawing on the case of Chinese wig businesses in Ghana, this article adopts a global production networks (GPN) approach to analyze family and gender dynamics in the transnational operation of wig p...
Acute Hepatitis due to Hepatic Glycogenosis After Insulin Overdose and Oral Glucose Administration in an Adolescent.

Background Hepatic glycogenosis (HG) has been reported after intravenous (IV) dextrose administration to treat insulin overdose. We describe a case of HG in a patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) due to insulin overdose treated with oral glucose administration. Case presentation An adolescent boy with T1DM on a basal bolus insulin regimen presented with abdominal discomfort, nausea, vomiting, and hypoglycemia of a few hours. His glucose was 71 mg/dL, aspartate transaminase (AST) 119 U/L, and alanine transaminase (ALT) 65 U/L. Hypoglycemia was treated with juice, and 12 hours later AST and ALT were 979 U/L and 700 U/L, respectively. Workup for infectious, autoimmune, metabolic, and toxic causes of hepatitis was negative. The transaminases improved by the next day and normalized within 3 weeks. Two weeks after discharge the patient returned with hypoglycemia, nausea, and right-sided abdominal pain of 13 hours. Hypoglycemia persisted despite multiple courses of glucose tablets and juice. Laboratory studies showed glucose of 58 mg/dL, AST of 776 U/L, ALT of 496 U/L, negative toxicology studies, and normal abdominal ultrasound. His serum insulin level was 249.7 mU/L and, C-peptide was less than 0.1 ng/mL, consistent with insulin overdose. He received IV fluids with dextrose, and insulin was held. Transaminases improved by the following day. Repeat serum insulin while on home regimen was normal. Conclusion Along with other diagnoses, HG should be considered in patients treated with insulin who present with hypoglycemia and acute hepatitis. HG can occur in cases of insulin overdose treated with repeated oral glucose administration.
Constructing a network fundamental diagram using a sample of connected vehicles and stationary sensors

Abstract The Network Fundamental Diagram (NFD can be used to monitor and alleviate traffic congestion. Theoretically, one needs the trajectories of all vehicles in order to accurately estimate the NFD, which is not feasible. One solution is to construct the NFD using a sample of vehicles serving as probes together with an estimated market penetration rate (MPR). In a previous paper, we built a model to first estimate the MPR and then incorporated it in the NFD estimation. That model used data from probe vehicles (trip travel time, origin, destination, and route) and a few traffic count sensors on a hypothetical grid network. The results indicated that sensor locations have a significant impact on the accuracy of the estimated MPR and NFD. In this paper, we extend the model by adding more spatial criteria and test the approach on a real-world calibrated network, namely downtown Los Angeles. We examine the effect of selecting different probe vehicle samples on the model performance. After identifying the spatial rules for selecting sensor locations and the criteria to select probe vehicles, we present a methodology for estimating the NFD producing an acceptable NFD root mean square error. The significance of this study is that first, the model is validated using a real-world calibrated network; second, the data needed for the estimation are highly available, given that with connectivity the location and speed of a sample of vehicles is available; and third, the computational load to select detector locations and probe vehicles is minimum.
New Creation in Paul's Letters and Thought

As a biblical motif, 'new creation' resonates throughout the pages of the Jewish and Christian scriptures, and occupies a central place in the apostle Paul's vision of the Christian life. Yet the biblical and extra-biblical occurrences of this theme vary widely in meaning, referring to either a new cosmos, a new community, or a new individual. Beginning with the Old Testament and working through the important texts of Second Temple Judaism, Moyer V. Hubbard focuses on how the motif functions in the argument, strategy, and literary structure of these documents, highlighting its role as the solution to the perceived plight. He then explores in detail which senses of the term Paul intends in Galatians 6.15 and 2 Corinthians 5.17, concluding that 'new creation' in Paul's letters describes the Spirit-wrought newness of the person in Christ, and is fundamentally anthropological in orientation.
A History of Inner Asia

devletlerinin kuruluslari, aralarindaki munasebetler aktarildiktan sonra daha ziyade Sultan Sancar (1118—1157) donemi uzerinde durulmustur. Ayrica Orta Asya’da Karakitay hakimiyetine de temas edilmistir
Chapter 5 Recent Developments in Fischer-Tropsch Catalysis

Publisher Summary This chapter presents the recent developments in Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis (FTS). FTS, the production of liquid hydrocarbons from synthesis of gas (CO, CO2 ,and H2), is a promising, developing option for environmentally sound production of chemicals and fuels from coal. In view of large coal reserves and dwindling petroleum reserves, it is projected to play an ever increasing role in coming decades. The chapter primarily focuses on the catalyst and process developments during the 70s and 80s with emphasis on examples of recent catalyst developments during the late 1980s. The discussion of catalyst developments focuses on three important areas of FT catalysis: chemical modifications (additives, promoters, supports, pretreatments, and preparation methods), interception of intermediates (dual functionalism and secondary reactions), and limitation of chain growth by shape selectivity. Fundamental principles of catalyst design are also emphasized in the chapter. Significant progress toward the solution of deactivation, heat removal, and thermal efficiency problems has also been realized in the past two decades. With these innovations, improvements in process economics of 30–40% are realizable. Of equal or perhaps even greater significance is the progress made during the same period in the understanding of the relationship of catalyst structure to activity and selectivity properties. This understanding provides a scientific basis for catalyst design, the principles of which are discussed in the chapter.