cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sevoflurane degradation product concentrations with soda lime during prolonged anesthesia

Abstract Study Objectives: To evaluate the decomposition of sevoflurane in soda lime during prolonged sevof lurane anesthesia in humans. To evaluate for evidence of renal or hepatotoxicity as a result of exposure to these sevoflurane degradation compounds. Design: Prospective evaluation in healthy volunteers. Setting: Clinical research unit and postanesthesia care unit of a university hospital. Patients: Six healthy male volunteers. Interventions: Subjects were anesthetized with sevoflurane 1 to 1.2 minimum alveolar concentration for greater than 9 hours with a semiclosed circuit anesthetic technique (5-liter total flow) with fresh soda lime as the absorbent. Measurements and Main Results: Laboratory tests of renal and hepatic function were performed before anesthesia and 1 and 5 days after anesthesia. During sevoflurane anesthesia, inhalation and exhalation circuit limb gas samples were obtained for degradation compound analysis. Only one degradation product, fluoromethyl-2,2-difluoro-l-(trifluoromethyl) vinyl ether (compound A), was detected. Inhalation concentration was maximal (7.6 ± 1.0 ppm) at 2 hours and did not increase further after this time point. There were no differences in preanesthesia and postanesthesia tests of hepatic and renal function. Conclusions: Levels of the degradation compound (compound A) produced in semiclosed circuit sevoflurane anesthesia with soda lime are well below potential toxic levels and thus appear safe. When sevoflurane is administered under these conditions for prolonged anesthesia, concentrations of compound A do not continue to increase throughout anesthesia.
An Episodic Model of Power: Toward an Integration of Theory and Research

The concept of power has long occupied a place of importance in the organizational literature. Despite this attention, or perhaps because of it, just how the concept should be viewed and used in social analysis has engendered scholarly division and controversy. The concept of power is reexamined here, with past work integrated into an episodic model of power.
Mobile sensor-actuator networks: opportunities and challenges

Large-scale networks of integrated wireless sensors and actuators are becoming increasingly tractable. Advances in hardware technology and engineering design have led to dramatic reductions in size, power consumption, and cost for digital circuitry, wireless communications, and MEMS. This enables very compact, autonomous, and mobile nodes, each containing one or more sensors and actuators, computation and communication capabilities, and a power supply. Networking is a crucial ingredient to harness these capabilities into a complete system. While wireless sensor networks have been studied for about a decade, their extension with actuators is a more recent thrust of research that greatly enhances their capabilities and range of applications, at the cost of requiring closed control loops that can cause instability and are subject to delay constraints. This article provides an overview of existing and emerging technologies, pointing out the opportunities and challenges of mobile integrated sensor-actuator networks and their relation to CNNs.
Duals of Hardy spaces on homogeneous groups

Hardy spaces on homogeneous groups were introduced and studied by Folland and Stein [3]. The purpose of this note is to show that duals of Hardy spaces Hp, 0 < p ≤ 1, on homogeneous groups can be identified with Morrey–Campanato spaces. This closes a gap in the original proof of this fact in [3]. (© 2007 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Psychomotor Speed and Functional Brain MRI 2 Years After Completing a Physical Activity Treatment

Background. Short-term adherence to physical activity (PA) in older adults improves psychomotor processing abilities and is associated with greater brain activation. It is not known whether these associations are also significant for longer-term adherence to moderate-intensity activities.
Newtonized Orthogonal Matching Pursuit: Frequency Estimation Over the Continuum

We propose a fast sequential algorithm for the fundamental problem of estimating frequencies and amplitudes of a noisy mixture of sinusoids. The algorithm is a natural generalization of Orthogonal Matching Pursuit (OMP) to the continuum using Newton refinements, and hence is termed Newtonized OMP (NOMP). Each iteration consists of two phases: detection of a new sinusoid, and sequential Newton refinements of the parameters of already detected sinusoids. The refinements play a critical role in two ways: 1) sidestepping the potential basis mismatch from discretizing a continuous parameter space and 2) providing feedback for locally refining parameters estimated in previous iterations. We characterize convergence and provide a constant false alarm rate (CFAR) based termination criterion. By benchmarking against the Cramer–Rao Bound, we show that NOMP achieves near-optimal performance under a variety of conditions. We compare the performance of NOMP with classical algorithms such as MUSIC and more recent Atomic norm Soft Thresholding (AST) and Lasso algorithms, both in terms of frequency estimation accuracy and run time.
In‐plane motion correction for MR spectroscopic imaging

A motion-detection method is described that is specifically suited for MR spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) studies. Information on in-plane rotation and translation of the subject was obtained using external spatial reference markers that are uniquely identified via their chemical shift. The marker locations were obtained directly from the acquired data at each encoding step, and no additional data acquisition was required. This method was applied to brain 1H MRSI studies that include subcutaneous lipid signals, which otherwise result in enhanced sensitivity to subject motion.
Effects of ply-arrangement on compressive failure of layered structures

Abstract Using detailed finite element models, compressive failure mechanisms of composite structures consisting of many laminae are analyzed. It is assumed that the structures contain interlaminar delamination and their failure mode to be characterized by either buckling or delamination growth. Our primary goal is to identify the effects of delamination and ply-arrangement on the multi-layered structures. Up to 32 laminae are distinctly modeled in this investigation. Our study considers two most basic geometry; one is flat panels under compressive load and the other is cylindrical shells subjected to external pressure. In both cases, the energy release rate and mixed-mode stress intensity factors are computed to quantify the crack driving force. The results are used to determine dominant failure initiation mode, structural buckling or delamination growth. Regardless of the structural type and total number of layers, a significant reduction in the load carrying capacity may occur when interlaminar delamination exists. In the flat panels, interlaminar delamination can generate unstable post-buckling behavior and lower the steady-state post-buckling load. However, delamination growth does not likely to occur during the pre-buckling stage. For the cylindrical shells, delamination growth may initiate prior to structural buckling. The location of delamination also plays an important role in defining the critical crack initiation load. When the delamination is located within 25% to 40% of shell thickness measured from the outer surface, the crack initiation load can be as low as half of the buckling load. In both types of structures, as the total number of plies increases, the layer effect diminishes. The overall deformation and failure behaviors of panels with large number of layers approach those of the infinite-layer model with homogenized material properties.
High-throughput chemical screening identifies AG-490 as a stimulator of aquaporin 2 membrane expression and urine concentration.

A reduction or loss of plasma membrane aquaporin 2 (AQP2) in kidney principal cells due to defective vasopressin (VP) signaling through the VP receptor causes excessive urine production, i.e., diab...
Metastatic retroperitoneal and mediastinal fibrosis as first sign of recurrence of breast cancer.

We present three cases of metastatic fibrosis caused by breast carcinoma without any evidence of other metastatic disease. (excerpt)
Coordination Analysis of Human Movements With Body Sensor Networks: A Signal Processing Model to Evaluate Baseball Swings

Becoming proficient in a sport requires significant investment in training. Traditional training approaches such as training with a partner or an expert, and training with the help of videotaping can significantly increase progress. These techniques, however, do not provide fine grain detail about movements of the player, are time consuming, or are limited to specific locations. In contrast, wearable sensor devices can improve training due to the high level of mobility, ubiquity and intelligent feedback offered. In this paper, we present a wearable platform that provides baseball players with corrective feedback based on multidimensional physiological data collected from a body sensor network. We employ a swing model that specifies actions that must be performed properly, in the correct order, and with precise timing between limbs. The system evaluates a baseball swing using motion transcripts. Transcripts simplify interpretation of complex movements and can be used to reduce the size of data that need to be transmitted across the network. Using transcripts, we measure coordination among limb segments and joints of the body. The starting times of key events are found in the transcripts, and the coordination between these times is analyzed. The swing quality is then assessed by comparing the intersegment coordination of a test swing to that of a template swing.
Modeling of Heavy Gas Effects on Airfoil Flows

Thermodynamic models were constructed for a calorically imperfect gas and for a non-ideal gas. These were incorporated into a quasi one dimensional flow solver to develop an understanding of the differences in flow behavior between the new models and the perfect gas model. The models were also incorporated into a two dimensional flow solver to investigate their effects on transonic airfoil flows. Specifically, the calculations simulated airfoil testing in a proposed high Reynolds number heavy gas test facility. The results indicate that the non-idealities caused significant differences in the flow field, but that matching of an appropriate non-dimensional parameter led to flows similar to those in air.
A Method to Determine the Optimal Number of Measurements for Three-Dimensional Optical Tomography for A Physiologically Realistic Geometry

AEKF (approximate extended Kalman filter) based inversion algorithm is employed to develop a novel optimization criterion for determining optimal locations and the number of boundary measurements for three-dimensional optical image reconstruction. Hemispherical geometry, which is pertinent to breast cancer detection is used.
Abstract W P242: Role of Hippocampal Estrogen Receptor α and Src in Sexually Differential Phosphorylation of Tyrosine kinase-B receptors

Introduction: Male neonate brains are more susceptible to the effects of hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HI) as compared to females with comparable brain injury. Our recent findings reveal that HI induces an increase in phosphorylation of tyrosine kinase-B receptors (TrkB) in female hippocampi and TrkB agonist, 7,8-dihydroxyflavone (7,8-DHF), exerts profound early and late neuroprotective effects in female but not in male neonates. We hypothesized that differential TrkB phosphorylation seen in females is associated with increased hippocampal estrogen receptor α (ERα) expression and src (Src family kinase) phosphorylation resulting in decreased apoptosis post-HI. Methods: WT (ERα+/+) and KO (ERα-/-) P9 male and female mice pups were subjected to Vannucci’s neonatal HI model by left common carotid artery cauterization and exposure of the pups to 10% O2 at 37°C for 50 min. Pups were either sham or HI operated and given PBS or 7,8-DHF (5 mg/kg in PBS, ip.) starting at 10 min, then at 24 h, and 48 h post HI. Hippocampi were dissected out for either immunoblotting or qRTPCR 3d post-HI. We assessed the effects of sex (M vs F), treatment (PBS vs 7,8-DHF) and HI (sham vs HI) on immunoblotting band densities [pTrkB)/full length TrkB, ERα/actin, p-src/total src, cleaved caspase 3 (cc3)/actin ratios] and qRTPCR results using ANOVA analysis. Results: HI and 7,8-DHF differentially increase p-TrkB and p-src in WT female hippocampi 3 d post-HI (p < 0.0001). HI induces a 2.3 fold increase in ERα mRNA and protein expression in female hippocampi compared to the males 3d post-HI (p=0.002). HI and 7,8-DHF fail to increase p-TrkB and p-src in KO male and female mice suggesting that the TrkB and src phosphorylation are dependent on the ERα signaling in the neonatal hippocampi post-HI. Cc3 levels are found to be increased in KO mice while the 7,8-DHF treated WT female hippocampi had decreased cc3 expression. Conclusion: Sexually differential phosphorylation of TrkB and src are abolished in KO mice suggesting an important role of ERα in TrkB phosphorylation and src activation resulting in decreased apoptosis in female hippocampi post-HI. This mechanism might be one of the mechanisms that makes the male neonate brains more susceptible to the effects of HI.
Kinase-SUMO networks in diabetes-mediated cardiovascular disease

Type II diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common comorbidity in patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Epidemiological studies including the Framingham, UKPDS, and MRFIT studies have shown diabetes to be an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease associated with increased incidence of morbidity and mortality. However, major randomized controlled clinical trials including ADVANCE, VAD, and ACCORD have failed to demonstrate a significant reduction in CVD complications from longstanding DM with strict glycemic control. This suggests that despite the strong clinical correlation between DM and CVD, the precise mechanisms of DM-mediated CVD pathogenesis remain unclear. Signal transduction investigations have shed some light on this question with numerous studies demonstrating the role of kinase pathways in facilitating DM and CVD pathology. Abnormalities in endothelial, vascular smooth muscle, and myocardial function from the pathological insults of hyperglycemia and oxidative stress in diabetes are thought to accelerate the development of cardiovascular disease. Extensive interplay between kinase pathways that regulate the complex pathology of DM-mediated CVD is heavily regulated by a number of post-translational modifications (PTMs). In this review, we focus on the role of a dynamic PTM known as SUMOylation and its role in regulating these kinase networks to provide a mechanistic link between DM and CVD.
Time-varying clusters in large-scale flow cytometry

Flow cytometers measure the optical properties of particles to classify microbes. Recent innovations have allowed oceanographers to collect flow cytometry data continuously during research cruises, leading to an explosion of data and new challenges for the classification task. The massive scale, time-varying underlying populations, and noisy measurements motivate the development of new classification methods. We describe the problem, the data, and some preliminary results demonstrating the difficulty with conventional methods.
Emotions Related to Bodily Organs/Parts.

Edited byJacquelyn H. Flaskerud, PhD, RN, FAANUniversity of California, School of Nursing, Los Angeles, California, USAThere is a long history of emotions being related to bodily organs, dating bac...
Taking Control: The Efficacy and Durability of a Peer-Led Uncertainty Management Intervention for People Recently Diagnosed With HIV

ABSTRACTHIV creates substantial uncertainty for people infected with the virus, which subsequently affects a host of psychosocial outcomes critical to successful management of the disease. This study assessed the efficacy and durability of a theoretically driven, one-on-one peer support intervention designed to facilitate uncertainty management and enhance psychosocial functioning for patients newly diagnosed with HIV. Using a pretest–posttest control group design, 98 participants received information and training in specific communication strategies (e.g., disclosing to friends and family, eliciting social support, talking to health care providers, using the Internet to gather information, and building social networks through AIDS service organizations). Participants in the experimental group attended six 1-hour sessions, whereas control participants received standard of care for 12 months (after which they received the intervention). Over time, participants in the intervention fared significantly better...
Allegorical Realism: Toward a Poetics of the Postcolonial Historical Novel

Since its emergence as a recognisably distinct genre in nineteenth-century European writing, the historical novel has been unique for the degree of anxiety it elicits. As Richard Maxwell observes, ‘No one ever worried reflexively about the corrupting influence of novels obsessed with or pervaded by geography’ — yet the historical novel ‘has often been thought an offense against reason and truth’ (12). Since Walter Scott became the bestselling author of the early nineteenth century, his mixing of invented and documented elements has generated debate about historical representation and interpretation. Indeed, many of the norms of professional history originate from Leopold von Ranke’s attempt to distinguish his work as intellectually more responsible than Scott’s (Curthoys and Docker 62) — making the modern discipline of history secondary to historical fiction in chronological, if not conceptual, terms. Throughout its subsequent existence the historical novel has been perceived variously: as a supplement to professional history with didactic value; as a threat to real knowledge (in Scott’s words (Dedicatory Epistle’ 17), ‘polluting the well of history with modern inventions’); or as a challenge to disciplinary norms, a form that questions the grounds upon which marginal perspectives are excluded (see Mitchell History and Cultural Memory 15–29; P. Anderson; Matthews; De Groot The Historical Novel; Slotkin; Clendinnen ‘Who Owns the Past?’; McCalman; McKenna; Coundouriotis Claiming History; Wallace).
Fathers, Daughters, and Slaves: Voices of Daughters and Slaves: Claire de Duras

Claire de duras's haunting portrayal of the young African woman Ourika grew out of experiences with dramatic revolutionary and postrevolutionary events linked to slavery. Her father, Admiral Armand-Guy-Simon de Coetnempren, comte de Kersaint, was a liberal Breton aristocrat. He played an active role in the legislative arena at a time when colonial issues were pressing objects of discussion, publishing Moyens proposes a l'Assemblee nationale pour retablir la paix et l'ordre dans les colonies followed by Suite des Moyens . The two works were written in 1791, before the slave insurrections in Saint-Domingue occurred, and published in 1792. As a distinguished naval officer, Kersaint had extensive and deep-seated connections to the colonial world. A liberal presence throughout the various stages of the French Revolution, he ultimately sided with the Girondins in voting against the death penalty in the trial of King Louis XVI. Having denounced Marat and other revolutionaries during the Terror, Kersaint was sentenced to death and guillotined on December 5, 1793. Claire was sixteen at the time. On the maternal side, Duras's mother, Claire-Louise-Francoise de Paul d'Alesso d'Eragny, was born in Martinique into a wealthy, influential family. She was the first cousin of comte d'Ennery, governor of the French Antillean islands. To rescue the colonial fortune of her ailing mother, Duras left France in 1793 from Bordeaux. It was there that she heard the news of her father's death. Fathers, daughters, and slaves were thus linked in especially painful ways for Duras, as for other women considered in this book.
NSAID use, polymorphism in CYP2C9 and UGT1A6 and colon adenoma risk.

Fifth AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research, Nov 12-15, 2006 B192 Observational and interventional trials have demonstrated that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medication (NSAID) reduce colorectal neoplasm risk. Prior studies have suggested this effect may be modified by functional variants in NSAID metabolizing enzymes, such as cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C9 and uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 1A6. We investigated this hypothesis in participants enrolled within the Tennessee Colorectal Polyp Study, a large, colonoscopy-based case-control study. Function polymorphisms in the CYP2C9 (rs1057910, rs1799853) and UGT1A6 (rs1105879, rs2070959) genes were determined for 831 adenoma cases and 1722 controls. Regular NSAID use was associated with a reduced risk of colorectal adenoma, and the adjusted odds ratios (OR) were 0.80 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.66 - 0.98) for aspirin and 0.68 (0.49-0.93) for non-aspirin NSAIDs. No apparent association with adenoma risk was found for any of the CYP2C9 and UGT1A6 genotypes evaluated in the study. However, CYP2C9 genotype appears to modify the association between NSAID use and adenoma risk. The association with NSAIDs use was stronger among subjects carrying the variant CYP2C9 allele than those carrying only the common allele. When stratified by gender, women with a CYP2C9 variant who were regular aspirin users had an OR of 0.21 (0.06-0.66) for colorectal adenoma compared to non-regular aspirin users. Women with the CYP2C9 wild-type genotype who were regular aspirin users had an OR of 1.13 (0.74-1.74) compared to non-regular aspirin users. In men with a CYP2C9 variant, regular aspirin use did not seem to impact adenoma risk with an OR of 1.01 (0.62-1.63) compared to non-regular aspirin users. This modifying effect was also more apparent among non-smokers. UGT1A6 polymorphism was found to modify the association of aspirin use and adenoma risk but not non-aspirin NSAID use and adenoma risk. The results from this study provide additional support that the protective effect of NSAID may be modified by certain genetic factors, such as CYP2C9 functional variants.
Orthokeratinized Odontogenic Cyst with an Associated Keratocystic Odontogenic Tumor Component and Ghost Cell Keratinization and Calcifications in a Patient with Gardner Syndrome

Gardner syndrome (GS) is caused by mutations in the APC and besides adenomatous colorectal polyps includes such manifestations as osteomas, epidermoid cysts (ECs) and occasionally multiple pilomatricomas. More than 50 % of ECs in patients with GS exhibit pilomatricoma-like ghost cell keratinization. The latter may be explained by the fact that the development of both GS and pilomatricoma is driven by activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. A 62-year-old, Caucasian male with history of GS presented with a unilocular, mixed radiopaque/radiolucent mandibular lesion causing divergence and external root resorption of involved teeth. Histopathologically, the lesion was composed of two cystic components, an orthokeratinized odontogenic cyst (OOC) and a smaller one with characteristics of keratocystic odontogenic tumor (KCOT) featuring, focally, ghost cells and an epithelial morule-like structure. Dystrophic calcifications essentially similar to those seen in pilomatricomas were observed in the fibrous connective tissue wall. The KCOT and OOC epithelia revealed strong and diffuse cytokeratin (AE1/AE3) and β-catenin immunoreactivity. CD10 positive immunostaining was seen in the keratin and superficial spinous cell layers in both OOC and KCOT. The intraepithelial and mural ghost cells showed a cytokeratin (+), β-catenin and CD10 (-) immunophenotype. The diagnosis of OOC with ghost cell calcifications in association with KCOT was rendered. The patient was lost to follow-up. Although a coincidental co-existence cannot be excluded, ghost cell calcifications mimicking pilomatricoma-like changes in an unusual odontogenic cyst combining OOC and KCOT features as seen in this patient with GS may be explained by the common molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of cutaneous pilomatricomas and GS.
Planning and implementing a cross-training program

Cet article presente un programme de cross-training pour les bibliotheques, le cross-training permet d'enseigner de nouvelles competences de travail individuelles dans une position habituelle de travail. L'equipe de travail doit etre capable d'acquerir des competences professionnelles necessaires a travers la formation sur le tas. Cet article identifie les facteurs a considerer pour mettre en place un programme de cross-training et presente un projet de la bibliotheque universitaire du Minnesota St. Paul Campus comme un modele pour l'elaboration et l'implementation d'un programme effectif
An Appreciative Approach to Conflict: Mediation and Conflict Coaching

This chapter seeks to contribute to the 25-year effort to integrate complementary communication interventions like mediation and negotiation into a framework to provide individuals with numerous conflict management options and have options that address conflict at the lowest possible level. More specifically, it aims to build on connections made among conflict coaching and mediation in the workplace. Prior such connections have been made among conflict coaching and dialogue and facilitation and conflict coaching and processes associated with the organizational ombuds role, a role acknowledged as frequently incorporating conflict coaching. However, research on conflict coaching developed in the alternative dispute resolution (ADR) field in direct relationship to mediation is lacking. This chapter offers focused consideration of the relationship between conflict coaching and workplace mediation.
Silica-Coated Metal Chelating-Melanin Nanoparticles as a Dual-Modal Contrast Enhancement Imaging and Therapeutic Agent.

Bioinspired melanin nanoparticle (Mel NP) synthesized with dopamine has been of great interest in various biomedical applications. However, the utilization of fascinating characters of Mel NP such as innate MR contrast effects, high affinity to metal ions, strong light absorption requires special design with strategic synthetic method for its own purpose. Here, we have introduced paramagnetic Gd3+ metal ions and silica nanocoating on Mel NP for the dual-modal MRI/fluorescent contrast-enhanced imaging and therapeutics. The Gd3+ chelating kinetics of Mel NP by quinone and hydroquinone residues were optimized in various conditions of Gd3+ amounts and pH in solution for improving MRI contrast enhancing properties of the Mel NP. Then, bioinert silica was coated on the surfaces of Gd-chelated Mel NP (Gd-Mel@SiO2 NP) with a modified sol–gel process. The silica nanocoating allowed increased outer sphere water diffusion time, resulting a significantly brighter MR T1 contrast effect of Gd-Mel@SiO2 NP, comparing wit...
Quality of Cancer Surveillance Clinical Practice Guidelines: Specificity and Consistency of Recommendations.

Importance Primary care clinicians, who are increasingly responsible for caring for the growing population of cancer survivors, may be unfamiliar with appropriate cancer surveillance strategies. Clinical practice guidelines can inform cancer follow-up care and surveillance testing. Vague recommendations and inconsistencies among guidelines can lead to overuse and underuse of health care resources and have a negative impact on cost and quality of survivorship care. Objective To examine the specificity and consistency of recommendations for surveillance after active treatment across cancer guidelines. Design, Setting, and Participants Retrospective cross-sectional analysis of national cancer guidelines from North America and Europe published since 2010 addressing posttreatment care for survivors of the 9 most common cancers. We categorized surveillance modalities into history and physical examinations, tumor markers, diagnostic procedures (eg, colonoscopy), and imaging. Within each guideline, we classified individual recommendations into 5 categories: (1) risk-based recommendation, (2) recommendation for surveillance, (3) addressed but no clear recommendation, (4) recommendation against surveillance, or (5) cases in which surveillance was not addressed. We reviewed each surveillance recommendation for frequency and a stop date, evaluated consistency among guidelines, and analyzed associations between the organizations proposing the guidelines and recommendation characteristics. Main Outcomes and Measures Description of guideline recommendations for cancer surveillance. Results We identified 41 guidelines published between January 1, 2010, and March 1, 2016. Eighty-five percent of guidelines (35) were from professional organizations. Ambiguous recommendations (ie, modality not discussed or discussed without a clear recommendation) were present in 83% of guidelines (34), and 44% (18) recommended against at least 1 test. European guidelines were more likely than North American guidelines to contain ambiguous recommendations (100% vs 68%; P .01). Recommendations commonly specified testing frequency (from 88% [14 of 16] for tumor markers to 92% [24 of 26] for procedures and/or imaging) but infrequently provided a definitive stop time. Cross-sectional imaging recommendations varied among guidelines for each cancer. For example, among breast cancer guidelines, surveillance computed tomographic scans were recommended against in 2, discussed without a clear recommendation in 1, and not addressed in 3 guidelines. Conclusions and Relevance Guidelines addressing the care of cancer survivors have low specificity and consistency. As guidelines continue to be revised, developers should clarify recommendations with simple, nonambiguous, definitive language for or against the use of specific tests to optimize care quality and resource utilization.
The Effect of Chlorpromazine on Fear-Motivated Behavior of Amygdalectomized Rats

Amygdalectomized, operate- and normal-control albino rats were given chlorpromazine or placebo prior to avoidance conditioning sessions in a Miller box to test the hypothesis that learning is retarded by over-arousal of fear. Both amygdalectomized groups were slower to acquire the response than control Ss (p<.01). The effectiveness of chlorpromazine in amygdalectomized Ss was shown by longer latency in responding by these Ss, in contrast to the placebo-treated group, and the greater number of fear responses by these-Ss during the criterion session. Since the difference in fear did not affect acquisition in terms of trials to reach criterion, the data suggest that retardation is not due to changes in fear motivation, but possibly to impairment in some cognitive function.
Improving the risk quantification under behavioural tendencies: A tale of construction projects

Abstract Complex construction projects are risky owing to several features and factors. Their management involves risk assessment which is subjected to various behavioural tendencies and the existing body of knowledge lacks appropriate methods to quantify these effects. The prevalent standard model of Expected Utility Theory does not differentiate between threat and opportunity, resulting into an identical estimation for both facets of risk. This limitation was addressed by Prospect Theory which better captures risk preferences. However, construction industry still relies upon conventional methods of risk assessment. The current study introduces a weighting function to better quantify the cognitive errors in construction risk assessment by adjusting the over- and under-estimation. In doing so, detailed scenario-based, semi-structured interviews are conducted engaging senior professionals. It is found that, typically, opportunities are underestimated by 7.5% and threats are overestimated by 8%. Integrating these findings into risk response strategies results into a realistic and effective resource allocation.
Light absorption by polar and non-polar aerosol compounds from laboratory biomass combustion

Abstract. Fresh and atmospherically aged biomass-burning (BB) aerosol mass is mostly comprised of strongly light-absorbing black carbon (BC) and of organic carbon (OC) with its light-absorbing fraction – brown carbon (BrC). There is a lack of data on the physical and chemical properties of atmospheric BB aerosols, leading to high uncertainties in estimates of the BB impact on air quality and climate, especially for BrC. The polarity of chemical compounds influences their fate in the atmosphere including wet/dry deposition and chemical and physical processing. So far, most of the attention has been given to the water-soluble (polar) fraction of BrC, while the non-polar BrC fraction has been largely ignored. In the present study, the light absorption properties of polar and non-polar fractions of fresh and aged BB emissions were examined to estimate the contribution of different-polarity organic compounds to the light absorption properties of BB aerosols. In our experiments, four globally and regionally important fuels were burned under flaming and smoldering conditions in the Desert Research Institute (DRI) combustion chamber. To mimic atmospheric oxidation processes (5–7 days), BB emissions were aged using an oxidation flow reactor (OFR). Fresh and OFR-aged BB aerosols were collected on filters and extracted with water and hexane to study absorption properties of polar and non-polar organic species. Results of spectrophotometric measurements (absorption weighted by the solar spectrum and normalized to mass of fuel consumed) over the 190 to 900 nm wavelength range showed that the non-polar (hexane-soluble) fraction is 2–3 times more absorbing than the polar (water-soluble) fraction. However, for emissions from fuels that undergo flaming combustion, an increased absorbance was observed for the water extracts of oxidized/aged emissions while the absorption of the hexane extracts was lower for the aged emissions for the same type of fuels. Absorption Angstrom exponent (AAE) values, computed based on absorbance values from spectrophotometer measurements, were changed with aging and the nature of this change was fuel dependent. The light absorption by humic-like substances (HULIS) was found to be higher in fuels characteristic of the southwestern USA. The absorption of the HULIS fraction was lower for OFR-aged BB emissions. Comparison of the light absorption properties of different-polarity extracts (water, hexane, HULIS) provides insight into the chemical nature of BB BrC and its transformation during oxidation processes.
Thermal-RGB imager derived in-field apple surface temperature estimates for sunburn management

Abstract Apple sunburn is a major challenge for the apple growers and so is its prediction for taking timely remedial measures. In this study, a thermal-RGB imager was developed and evaluated to estimate the real-time fruit surface temperature (FST) of an apple. The thermal-RGB images were captured for two apple varieties namely Golden Delicious and Red Delicious. Custom image processing algorithms were developed to estimate the FST from captured data. Two sets of experiments (1 and 2) were conducted on day-1 and -2, respectively. In experiment-1, the thermal-RGB imager estimated a maximum FST of 42.24 °C for Golden Delicious and 43.85 °C for the Red Delicious cultivar. Similarly, in experiment-2, the thermal-RGB imager estimated a maximum FST of 40.51 °C for Golden Delicious and 43.81 °C for the Red Delicious cultivar. The overall standard error for FST estimation from thermal-RGB imager ranged within 0.12–0.23 °C. The FST estimates from thermal-RGB imager were compared with the FST estimates from high resolution (pixel size = 0.17 μm) thermal imager (coefficient of determination, R2 = 0.80–0.90, root mean square error, RMSE = 0.50–1.08 °C and Pearson correlation coefficient, r = 0.90–0.95) and micro-climate sensor data (R2 = 0.87–0.90, RMSE = 0.98–1.97 °C and r = 0.92–0.99). Overall, the thermal-RGB imager was found to be an accurate estimator of apple FST (standard error = 0.12–0.23 °C). The thermal-RGB imager was advantageous in apple segmentation based on RGB imaging integrated with thermal imaging. The thermal imaging principle of capturing infrared radiations, irrespective of the unsteady weather parameters accounted for all types of heat flows occurring on the apple surface. Imager estimated the critical conditions for apple sunburn with numerous advantages over other techniques and can further ease out the formation of decision support system for apple sunburn management.
Use of Synthetic Peptides in Studies on the Biogenesis and Phosphorylation of Photosystem II Proteins

The light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b complex (LHC II) and the 8.3 kDa psbH gene product are the two most conspicuous phosphoproteins of chloroplast thylakoids. We have used synthetic peptide analogs of regions of these proteins to study their phosphorylation and biogenesis. The substrate specificity of the LHC II kinase was studied in terms of the ability of thylakoid membranes to phosphorylate several analogs of the LHC II phosphorylation site. The data indicate that the kinase can phosphorylate serine and threonine residues provided that they are located in an appropriate sequence, which includes a pair of basic amino acids located 1–3 residues to the N-terminal side of the phosphorylated residue. In another study, antibodies raised against the phosphorylation site of the psbH gene product were used to determine the photoregulation of this protein. Western blotting revealed that, like cytochrome b 559 and the three extrinsic proteins of the oxygen-evolving complex of photosystem II, but unlike the five known chlorophyll-binding proteins of photosystem II (D1, D2, CPa-1, CPa-2 and LHC II), the psbH protein accumulates to detectable levels in both etiolated maize and maize leaves grown under far-red light (730nm), neither of which accumulate chlorophyll. This result suggests that the psbH gene product is not a chlorophyll-binding protein. Finally, a peptide analog of the first 19 residues of the transit sequence of Arabidopsis thaliana pre-LHC II was synthesised and used to generate antibodies specific for pre-LHC II. The peptide itself was shown to be an inhibitor of the uptake and processing of pre-LHC II by isolated intact pea chloroplasts.
Visuoalphanumeric Representations in Pattern Generalization Activity

In Chapter 4, we drew on a few examples from my own classroom work in discussing a progressive account of symbol formation in school mathematics. A visually grounded approach provides an alternative and effective route that could assist students in understanding mathematics better. Otte (2007) notes how mathematical knowledge seems to be already “everything [that] just is and thus means itself” (p. 243). The more pressing issue appears to be “not that of rigor but the problem of the development of meaning” (Rene Thom quoted in Otte, 2007, pp. 244–245).
Further Investigations of the Maximum Entropy of the Sum of Two Dependent Random Variables

Cover and Zhang proved a certain reversal of the Entropy Power Inequality for the sum of (possibly dependent) random variables possessing the same log-concave density, and what is more that log-concave densities were the only densities that satisfied such an inequality. In this work the authors consider the analogous reversal of recent Renyi Entropy Power Inequalities for random vectors and again show that not only do they hold for s-concave densities, but that s-concave densities are characterized by satisfying said inequalities.
Genome-wide tracts of homozygosity and exome analyses reveal repetitive elements with Barrets esophagus/esophageal adenocarcinoma risk

Barrett’s esophagus (BE) is most commonly seen as the condition in which the normal squamous epithelium lining of the esophagus is replaced by goblet cells. Many studies show that BE is a predisposing factor for the development of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), a particularly lethal cancer. The use of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to map BE/EAC genes has previously provided insufficient genetic information to fully characterize the heterogeneous nature of the disease. We therefore hypothesize that rigorous interrogation of other types of genomic changes, e.g. tracts of homozygosity (TOH), repetitive elements, and insertion/deletions, may provide a comprehensive understanding of the development of BE/EAC. First, we used a case-control framework to identify TOHs by using SNPs and tested for association with BE/EAC. Second, we used a case only approach on a validation series of eight samples subjected to exome sequencing to identify repeat elements and insertion/deletions. Third, insertion/deletions and repeat elements identified in the exomes were then mapped onto genes in the significant TOH regions. Overall, 24 TOH regions were significantly differentially represented among cases, as compared to controls (adjusted-P = 0.002–0.039). Interestingly, four BE/EAC-associated genes within the TOH regions consistently showed insertions and deletions that overlapped across eight exomes. Predictive functional analysis identified NOTCH, WNT, and G-protein inflammation pathways that affect BE and EAC. The integration of common TOHs (cTOHs) with repetitive elements, insertions, and deletions within exomes can help functionally prioritize factors contributing to low to moderate penetrance predisposition to BE/EAC.
On monadic NP vs. monadic co-NP

It is proved that connectivity of finite graphs is not in monadic NP, even in the presence of arbitrary built-in relations of moderate degree (that is, degree (log n) /sup o(1)/). This results in a strong separation between monadic NP and monadic co-NP. The proof uses a combination of three techniques: (1) a technique of W. Hanf (1965) for showing that two (infinite) structures agree on all first-order sentences, under certain conditions; (2) a recent approach to second-order Ehrenfeucht-Fraisse games by M. Ajtai and R. Fagin (1990); and (3) playing Ehrenfeucht-Fraisse games over random structures. Regarding (1), a version of Hanf's result that is better suited for use as a tool in inexpressibility proofs for classes of finite structures is given. The power of these techniques is further demonstrated by using the first two techniques to give a very simple proof of the separation of monadic NP from monadic co-NP without the presence of built-in relations. >
Oral Fluoroquinolone or Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole vs ß-Lactams as Step-Down Therapy for Enterobacteriaceae Bacteremia: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Background Using published data, we sought to compare outcomes in patients transitioned to either oral fluoroquinolones (FQ) or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) versus s-lactams (BL's) after an initial intravenous (IV) course for gram-negative rod (GNR) bacteremia. Methods We conducted a systematic review of PubMed and EMBASE and published IDWeek abstracts. We included studies that reported all-cause mortality and/or infection recurrence in patients transitioned to oral FQ/TMP-SMX and BL's. Results Eight retrospective studies met inclusion criteria with data for 2,289 patients, of whom 65% were transitioned to oral FQ, 7.7% to TMP-SMX, and 27.2% to BL's. Follow up periods ranged from 21 to 90 days. All-cause mortality was not significantly different between patients transitioned to either FQ/TMP-SMX or BL's (OR 1.13; 95%CI, 0.69-1.87). Overall recurrence of infection, either bacteremia or the primary site, occurred more frequently in patients transitioned to oral BL's vs. FQ's (OR 2.05, 95% CI 1.17 to 3.61). Analysis limited to recurrent bacteremia was similarly suggestive although limited by small numbers (OR 2.32, 95% CI 0.99 to 5.44). However, based on known pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics, prescribed s-lactam dosing regimens were frequently suboptimal. Conclusions In the step-down IV to oral treatment of GNR bacteremia, we found insufficient data regarding outcomes after oral TMP-SMX; however, selection of a FQ over commonly utilized s-lactam regimens may reduce chances of infection recurrence. While this may be a class effect, it may simply be the result of inadequate dosing of s-lactams. Additional investigations are warranted to determine outcomes with TMP-SMX and optimized oral s-lactam dosing regimens.
Incidental archaeologists: French officers and the rediscovery of Roman North Africa: by Bonnie Effros, Ithaca, Cornell University Press, 2018, pp. 371, $49.95 U.S. (hb)., ISBN: 9781501702105; JSTOR eISBN: 9781501718540

This book covers an understudied period in the history of French colonial archaeology in Algeria, the period between 1830 and 1870. The book examines archaeological practices of the time, their pol...
Partners in Crane: Partnership Investment and Economic Risk

The author believes that, properly understood, the Crane rule in the partnership context requires amounts realistically at risk, and the probabilities of consequent losses, to govern the attribution of liabilities and award of additional basis to partners, even though the resulting rules may in some situations increase the basis of a partner who is not, as a matter of law, liable, or deny additional basis to a partner who is. This article sets forth solutions to many of the drafting problems raised by the new regulation project.
Reconstructing the Bulk Dual of ABJM from Holographic Entanglement Entropy

Recent work has shown that entanglement and the structure of spacetime are intimately related. One way to investigate this is to begin with an entanglement entropy in a conformal field theory (CFT) and use the AdS/CFT correspondence to calculate the bulk metric. We perform this calculation for ABJM, a particular 3-dimensional supersymmetric CFT (SCFT), in its ground state. In particular we are able to reconstruct the pure AdS4 metric from the holographic entanglement entropy of the boundary ABJM theory in its ground state. Moreover, we are able to predict the correct AdS radius purely from entanglement. We also address the general philosophy of relating entanglement and spacetime through the Holographic Principle, as well as some of the philosophy behind our calculations.
Electron Beam Lithography

Over the past decade, the trend in integrated circuits for computers always has been a doubling of the circuit density every year. To-day’s products have 64.000 memory cells or 700 logic circuits on a 5 × 5 mm2 sized chip. For to-morrow, we can expect 288.000 and 516.000 memory cells or 5000 logic circuits on a chip.
A changing history: When is it a red flag for child abuse?

Abstract Background and objective While a changing history is frequently cited as a red flag for child abuse, no data support which changes are significant, nor the degree to which concern should be increased. We sought to measure the impact of changing caregiver histories on expert assessments of abuse likelihood. Methods We used a vignette survey to measure the impact of a changing history on child abuse expert assessments of abuse likelihood and willingness to undertake testing and protective interventions. By randomly varying the presence and magnitude of history changes, we determined their impact on perceived abuse likelihood. Results Of 494 invited participants, 267 (54 %) completed the survey. The presence of historical changes significantly affected experts’ level of concern for abuse and willingness to test or report abuse, though to variable degrees. For example, while a minor change in the timing of an injury did not significantly increase willingness to perform a skeletal survey (OR: 1.5, 95 % CI: 0.8−2.9), a major change in the timing of an injury did (OR: 2.0, 95 % CI: 1.1−3.6). In addition, a change from having no initial history of trauma to then giving a history of accidental trauma significantly lowered the mean estimate of abuse likelihood and triggered significantly less reports to child protective services (OR: 0.02, 95 % CI: 0.003−0.2). Conclusion For abuse experts, some history changes are more concerning than others, with major changes in history, and an initial denial of trauma having the largest impact. Future research regarding changing histories should consider details of the change, rather than treating all changes equally.