cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Iterative stability analysis of spatial domain decomposition based on block Jacobi algorithm for the diamond-difference scheme

We study convergence of the integral transport matrix method (ITMM) based on a parallel block Jacobi (PBJ) iterative strategy for solving particle transport problems. The ITMM is a spatial domain decomposition method proposed for massively parallel computations. A Fourier analysis of the PBJ-based iterations applied to S N diamond-difference equations in 1D slab and 2D Cartesian geometries is performed. It is carried out for infinite-medium problems with homogeneous material properties. To analyze the performance of the ITMM with the PBJ algorithm and evaluate its potential in scalability we consider a limiting case of one spatial cell per subdomain. The analysis shows that in such limit the spectral radius of the iteration method is one without regard to values of the scattering ratio and optical thickness of the spatial cells. This implies lack of convergence in infinite medium. Numerical results of finite-medium problems are presented. They demonstrate effects of finite size of spatial domain on the performance of the iteration algorithm as well as its asymptotic behavior when the extent of the spatial domain increases. These numerical experiments also show that for finite domains iterative convergence to a finite criterion is achievable in a multiple of the sum of number of cells in each dimension.
29. Resealing of a Spontaneously Draining Imperforate Hymen

Background Microperforate and imperforate hymen are ostensibly separate diagnoses on a spectrum of hymenal anomalies. The incidence of imperforate hymen is 1 in 1000 births, while the rate for microperforate hymen is unknown, with few case reports (1). A patient with an imperforate hymen is often symptomatic with obstructive features of the genitourinary tract, whereas a patient with a microperforate hymen may be asymptomatic, have recurrent infections, or report obstructive symptoms (1, 2, 3). We present a unique case of an imperforate hymen with spontaneous rupture, that resealed and then ruptured spontaneously again. Case A 12-year-old premenarchal female, with a history of imperforate hymen, diagnosed on specialist exam at age 3, presented to the emergency department (ED) with back pain and urinary retention. Following an abdominal exam, she passed many clots vaginally, saturating adult-sized diapers. She was diagnosed with menarche and discharged. She was referred to a pediatric gynecologist for follow-up. Following her ED visit she had continued bleeding with malodorous discharge, and stated she had been using tampons. An exam limited by patient tolerance was remarkable for no patent hymenal opening, no vaginal bleeding or discharge. She did not tolerate a q-tip test. A pelvic ultrasound was ordered for her puzzling presentation and uncertain anatomy and revealed a normal uterus, bilateral ovaries, and no evidence of hematocolpos. An exam under anesthesia (EUA) and vaginoscopy was planned. She subsequently reported a second presentation to an outside ED. She again reported back pain, constipation and inability to void. Similar to her first presentation, her symptoms were relieved by an episode of profuse vaginal bleeding with strong foul odor that resolved after a few days. EUA findings included normal clitoris with smegma, normal labia majora and minora, urethra, and no obvious hymenal patency with labial traction. With a recto-abdominal exam, a microperforation was identified. Bloody discharge was expressed, and a hysteroscope was gently passed. Vaginoscopy confirmed a normal vaginal canal and cervix. An uncomplicated hymenectomy was performed. At her postoperative visit, she had no complaints. Her exam was unremarkable and the tissue was healing normally; no follow-up was indicated. Comments This case sheds light on an atypical case where the lines between a microperforate hymen and an imperforate hymen were blurred. There are few case reports in the literature of resealing of the hymen after hymenectomy, but no other cases reporting resealing after spontaneous perforation (4, 5).
Comparison of Gonadotropin- and Catecholamine-Induced Alterations of the Adenylyl Cyclase G-Proteins in Rabbit Corpora Lutea

It is well established that the corpus luteum in rabbits contains an adenylyl cyclase that is responsive to both LH/hCG and catecholamines (1–4), and that both these hormones activate the same adenylyl cyclase (3,4). Earlier studies have shown that exposure of corpora lutea or ovarian tissues to either LH/hCG or catecholamines leads to refractoriness of the adenylyl cyclase in these tissues (5,6), and that this refractoriness is in part reflective of changes and/or loss in receptor function (7,8). Guanine nucleotide-binding regulatory proteins (G-proteins) transduce hormone-receptor occupancy to the catalytic subunit of adenylyl cyclase, hence playing a crucial role in signal transduction (9). Therefore, the present study was undertaken to assess changes in luteal adenylyl cyclase activity and G-protein function, after injection of either hCG or epinephrine (EPI) to pseudopregnant female rabbits. In this study, we present data that show alterations in G-proteins of the rabbit luteal adenylyl cyclase system after hormone treatment.
Grid Computing for Real Time Distributed Collaborative Geoprocessing

Grid computing has emerged as an important new field in the distributed computing arena. It focuses on intensive resource sharing, innovative applications, and, in some cases, high-performance orientation. In this paper we describe Grid computing concepts and technologies and establish compelling reasons for why they may prove useful for important geospatial research and application issues. Then we review high performance parallel geoprocessing in general. Finally, we propose an example GIS application scenario that will employ underlying Grid computing technology intensively. We report results on a prototype employing a universal soil loss equation implemented on an array of supercomputer processors.
Joint distributions of arbitrary variables made easy

The successful application of joint time-frequency distributions to problems in time-varying spectral analysis has stimulated considerable interest in distributions of other variables for use when a strict time-frequency analysis is not appropriate. Joint distributions generalise single variable distributions that measure the energy content of some physical quantity in a signal. We propose a new framework for studying joint distributions of variables beyond time-frequency and time-scale. When applicable, our results turn the theory of joint distributions of arbitrary variables into an easy exercise of coordinate transformation. While straightforward, our method can generate many distributions previously attainable only by the general method of Cohen (see Time-Frequency Analysis. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1995).
Functional and structural similarities between protease nexin I and C1 inhibitor

Protease nexin I is a proteinase inhibitor that is secreted by human fibroblasts and forms stable complexes with certain serine proteinases; the complexes then bind to the fibroblasts and are rapidly internalized and degraded. In this report, we show that this inhibitor, which is present in very low concentrations in plasma, has functional and structural similarities to C1 inhibitor, an abundant proteinase inhibitor in plasma. Both inhibitors complex and inactivate certain proteinases that previously were known to rapidly react only with C1 inhibitor. Kinetic inhibition studies show that protease nexin I inhibits Factor XIIa and plasma kallikrein with second-order rate constants of 2.3 x 10(3) and 2.5 x 10(5) M-1 s-1, respectively, which are similar to the rate constants for inhibition of these proteinases by C1 inhibitor. Protease nexin I inhibits C1s about one-tenth as rapidly as does C1 inhibitor. Alignment of the amino acid sequences of protease nexin I and C1 inhibitor shows that these proteins have similarity at their reactive centers (from sites P7 to P1). The remaining regions of the two proteins share much less similarity. In contrast to protease nexin I, C1 inhibitor is not secreted by human fibroblasts. Although 125I-C1s-protease nexin I complexes readily bind to human fibroblasts, binding of 125I-C1s-C1 inhibitor complexes or other 125I-proteinase-C1-inhibitor complexes to these cells is not detectable. Thus, protease nexin I and C1 inhibitor may control some common regulatory proteinases in the extravascular and vascular compartments, respectively.
Retreat of northern margins of George VI and Wilkins Ice Shelves, Antarctic Peninsula

The George VI and Wilkins Ice Shelves are considered at risk of disintegration due to a regional atmospheric warming trend on the Antarctic Peninsula. Retreat of the northern margin of the George VI Ice Shelf has been observed previously, but the Wilkins Ice Shelf was thought to be stable. We investigated the positions of the northern fronts of these shelves from the literature and looked for changes on 1974 Landsat and 1992 and 1995 European remote-sensing satellite (ERS) synthetic aperture radar images. Our investigation shows that the northern George VI Ice Shelf lost a total of 906 km2 between 1974 and 1992, and an additional 87 km2 by 1995. The northern margin of the Wilkins Ice Shelf lost 796 km2 between 1990 and 1992, and another 564 km2 between 1992 and 1995. Armadas of tabular icebergs were visible in front of this shelf in the ERS images. These two ice shelves mark the southernmost documented conspicuous retreat of ice-shell margins.
Pattern Matching Techniques and Their Applications to Computational Molecular Biology - A Review

Pattern matching techniques have been useful in solving many problems associated with computer science, including data compression (Chrochemore and Lecroq, 1996), data encryption (RSA Laboratories, 1993), and computer vision (Grimson and Huttenlocher, 1990). In recent years, developments in molecular biology have led to large scale sequencing of genomic DNA. Since this data is being produced in such rapid fashion, tools to analyze DNA segments are desired. The goal here is to discuss various techniques and tools for solving various pattern matching questions in computational biology, including optimal sequence alignment, multiple sequence alignment, and building models to describe sequence families using Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) and regular expressions.
Temperature dependence and mechanism of electrically detected ESR at the ν=1 filling factor of a two-dimensional electron system

Electrically detected electron spin resonance (EDESR) signals were acquired as a function of temperature in the 0.3--4.2 K temperature range in an AlGaAs/GaAs multiple-quantum-well sample at the $\ensuremath{\nu}=1$ filling factor at 5.7 T. In the particular sample studied, the linewidth is approximately temperature independent, while the amplitude exhibits a maximum at about 2 K and vanishes with increased or decreased temperature. The observed temperature dependence of the EDESR signal amplitude is compared to the theoretical temperature dependence calculated assuming a heating model. The model ascribes the resonant absorption of microwave power of the two-dimensional electron system (2DES) to the uniform mode of the electron spin magnetization where the elementary spin excitations at filling factor $\ensuremath{\nu}=1$ are taken to be spin waves, while the short-wavelength spin-wave modes serve as a heat sink for the absorbed energy. Due to the finite thermal conductance to the surroundings, the temperature of the 2DES spin-wave system is increased, resulting in a thermal activation of the longitudinal magnetoconductance. The proposed heating model correctly predicts the location of the maximum in the experimentally observed temperature dependence of the EDESR amplitude. These results suggest that EDESR data can be used to discriminate between competing theories for the magnetic ordering and magnetic excitations of a 2DES in the regime of the quantum Hall effect.
Insights Gained by Modeling the Kinetics of Archetypal Hydrogen Atom Transfer Reactions: NH3 + ·H ⇆ H2N· + H2 and CH4 + ·H ⇆ H3C· + H2

Experimental measurements of the kinetics of the title reactions extend to temperature ranges of 1360 K for the ammonia-hydrogen reaction and of 1602 K for the methane-hydrogen reaction. Curved plots of ln(k) versus 1/T are obtained. Many theoretical calculations modeling these reactions routinely use tunneling corrections to match experiment. The steepness and curvatures of the plots are modeled successfully in this work and are shown to be caused solely by changes in the bond dissociation energies of the bonds involved in the reactions without invoking tunneling or any other adjustable parameters. The conclusion that tunneling does not contribute significantly to the rates in the temperature range of the measurements is in stark contrast with those theoretical calculations invoking large tunneling factors in the experimental temperature range. Support for the conclusion is provided by theoretical calculations of harmonic quantum transition state theory implementing instanton theory. There is direct experimental evidence that significant tunneling occurs in some H atom transfers, as with isotopomers of H2 + ·H and other H transfers at very low temperatures. However, there is no direct experimental evidence of significant tunneling contributions to the rates of the title reactions in the temperature range of the measurements. Insights are gained into what specific forces must be overcome by the enthalpy of activation for reaction to occur.
Crossover Trials in Clinical Analgesic Assays: Studies of Buprenorphine and Morphine

Analgesic studies of buprenorphine, a thebaine derivative and potent partial narcotic agonist, were carried out in patients with cancer who had postoperative or chronic pain. Intramuscular buprenorphine was compared with intramuscular morphine in a series of sequentially related, twin crossover assays and was found to be about 25 times as potent as morphine. Side effects were essentially morphine-like. In a second assay, the acceptability and analgesic activity of sublingual buprenorphine was studied in a 6-dose, balanced, incomplete block assay, a modification of the twin crossover design employed in the all-intramuscular trial. Sublingual buprenorphine was found to be about 15 times as potent as intramuscular morphine and was well accepted by our patients. The 4-dose twin crossover trial in which doses are adjusted sequentially is more flexible in that a wide range of doses may be studied, but it lacks the ability of the 6-dose design to provide estimates of the curvature of the dose-response slopes of the study drugs. When first-dose-only data were analyzed as parallel group assays, the main difference in results compared with the crossover studies was a decrease in efficiency and sensitivity.
Undergraduates’ Perceived Gains and Ideas About Teaching and Learning Science From Participating in Science Education Outreach Programs

This study examined what undergraduate students gain and the ideas about science teaching and learning they develop from participating in K-12 science education outreach programs. Eleven undergraduates from seven outreach programs were interviewed individually about their experiences with outreach and what they learned about science teaching and learning. Emergent themes were identified from a content analysis of transcript data. Undergraduates reported career, academic, and personal gains. Undergraduates also recognized that understanding students, the nature of science and scientific practices, active learning, and student interest are important for science teaching and learning. These results were compared across outreach programs to determine how the type of program may affect undergraduate outcomes. This analysis indicated that although there were commonalities in undergraduates’ experiences independent of the type of program, program elements that may affect outcomes included corresponding coursework or additional duties and the degree of focus on scientific practices.
Terrestrial Planet Finder Interferometer Technology Status and Plans

A viewgraph presentation on the technology status and plans for Terrestrial Planet Finder Interferometer is shown. The topics include: 1) The Navigator Program; 2) TPF-I Project Overview; 3) Project Organization; 4) Technology Plan for TPF-I; 5) TPF-I Testbeds; 6) Nulling Error Budget; 7) Nulling Testbeds; 8) Nulling Requirements; 9) Achromatic Nulling Testbed; 10) Single Mode Spatial Filter Technology; 11) Adaptive Nuller Testbed; 12) TPF-I: Planet Detection Testbed (PDT); 13) Planet Detection Testbed Phase Modulation Experiment; and 14) Formation Control Testbed.
Exploring the Consequences of Humiliating a Moral Transgressor

When people transgress, they are often publicly condemned for doing so. This punishes the behavior and presumably induces moral emotions and the desire to make amends. Public condemnation can also be humiliating, an experience that may work against such reactions. In three studies, using vignettes and retrospective accounts, we explored the nature and consequences of humiliation. Public condemnation, when intentional and severe, heightened the experience of humiliation along with the negative consequences of anger, hostility, and vengeful urges, despite the fact that the humiliated person had transgressed in the first place. These intentional and severe forms of public condemnation failed to increase the moral emotions of shame and guilt. However, unintentional publicity and mild reprimand generally enhanced both moral emotions and intentions to apologize without increasing hostility.
Incentives and the role of flexible production in facilitating information exchange

Abstract Flexible production gives a firm the ability to adjust operational decisions quickly in response to new information. Providing such agility is a commonly discussed advantage of technological innovation. This paper discusses another, less apparent, role of flexible technology. When a firm finds it difficult to elicit pertinent information from self-interested parties, operational flexibility can help foster information exchange. Roughly stated, flexible technology provides the firm a carrot to dangle to employees — an agent is torn between understating productivity to procure more favorable incentive terms and overstating productivity to convince the firm to expand the project and his role therein.
A Pedagogy of Dealienation: A Case Study in the Application of Peter Berger's The Sacred Canopy

. This paper explores the use of Peter Berger's theory of religion and its features of alienation and dealienation to lead students to the critical awareness of the role that human beings play in the construction of social worlds, including most especially our religious worlds. After summarizing Berger's theory of the alienating and potentially dealienating capacity of religion, the paper describes how the author used the study of certain biblical texts, the Wisdom of Solomon and the pericope of the controversy over clean and unclean foods, as presented in both Matthew and Mark, to explore both the alienating and dealienating aspects of religion as presented in these selected biblical texts. The paper also describes how the author encouraged students to embrace as the most responsible stance a dealienating stance toward religion, especially one's own.
A Rediscovered Series of Uomini Famosi from Quattrocento Venice

Some time ago a large quattrocento panel painting measuring thirty-eight by about thirty-two centimeters was acquired by the Fogg Museum (Fig. 1).1 At the time of its purchase, in the late 1950's, it was classified as belonging to the School of Ferrara.2 This attribution has been neither confirmed nor disputed since that time and the picture remains in the depository of the museum, substantially unknown. This panel would, however, seem to be more controversial than its present fate would have us suppose. It constitutes the first known Venetian example of “uomini famosi,” a subject that, despite its popularity in Northern Italy, has until now been unknown in Venetian monumental painting. In addition its style establishes the existence in Venice of a Tuscan imitator in the workshop of Antonio Vivarini.
On the mechanism of peripentacene formation from pentacene: Computational studies of a prototype for graphene formation from smaller acenes

The formation of peripentacene during the high-temperature vacuum sublimation of pentacene (P) in the presence of trace amounts of 6,13-dihydropentacene (DHP) has been studied computationally with density functional theory. Computational and kinetic analyses indicate that competing mechanisms involving a series of H atom transfers initiated by hydrogen transfer from DHP to P can account for the formation of peripentacene. The overall reaction is predicted to proceed with a free energy barrier of 36.1 kcal/mol and to be autocatalytic. Kinetic modeling supports the proposed mechanism.
Berry esséen type bounds for nonlinear models

Berry Esseen type bounds for the distribution of the nonlinear least-squares estimator as well as of a certain statistic useful for testing a hypothesis on a subset of the parameter vector are derived.
Growing Up Roman: Infant Mortality and Reproductive Development

Variables from modern epidemiological models can be used to reconstruct infant-mortality rates, childhood-growth patterns, and the onset of fertility in the Roman Empire from osteoarchaeological evidence. The anthropometry of Roman sub-adult skeletons compares closely to that of the unhealthiest modern and premodern populations, thus supporting pessimistic estimations of life expectancy at birth for Roman populations. Furthermore, the onset of female fertility was delayed due to childhood morbidity and malnutrition.
Four-Channel ABR Recordings

Simultaneous four-channel (ipsilateral, contralateral, horizontal, and noncephalic) ABR recordings were reviewed by three audiologists for 187 ears of nontumor patients, and 13 ears of patients hav...
Two-dimensional photonic bandgap optical limiter in the visible.

Operation of a two-dimensional photonic bandgap optical limiter was studied at 514.5 nm for pulse durations of 0.1 to 4 ms. Photonic crystals consisted of 180–230-nm spatial-period nanochannel glasses containing a thermal nonlinear liquid. A dynamic range in excess of 130 was observed in a single-element device.
SimpleDB: a simple java-based multiuser syst for teaching database internals

In this paper we examine the probl of how to give hands-on assignments in a database syst internals course. We argue that current approaches are inadequate, either because they are not sufficiently comprehensive or because they require using software that has a steep learning curve. We then describe SimpleDB, which is software written expressly for such a course. SimpleDB is a database syst in the spirit of Minibase. Unlike Minibase, however, it supports multiple users and transactions via JDBC, and its code is easy to read and modify. We then describe a course that we teach using SimpleDB, and discuss the educational benefits resulting from it.
Introduction to the Special Issue on Alternate Assessments Based on Modified Academic Achievement Standards: New Policy, New Practices, and Persistent Challenges

This introduction to the special issue titled Alternate Assessments Based on Modified Academic Achievement Standards: New Policy, New Practices, and Persistent Challenges addresses the federal policy introducing the new alternate assessment for students with persistent academic difficulties, as well as related implementation issues that will be more thoroughly considered throughout the journal. Three guidelines are identified within the policy for alternate assessments based on modified academic achievement standards (AA-MASs), including that (a) a state's grade-level academic content standards cannot be modified for an AA-MAS, (b) a state's general test can be modified for an AA-MAS, and (c) a state's achievement standards can be modified for an AA-MAS so long as they remain on grade level. This article introduces key issues including identification of students eligible for an AA-MAS, the degree of modification that can be applied to develop an AA-MAS, and the current state of AA-MAS development across t...
Acute Hemodynamic Decompensation Following Patent Ductus Arteriosus Ligation in Premature Infants

Introduction: Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) ligation can lead to postoperative hemodynamic instability requiring inotropic support, termed hemodynamic decompensation. The purpose of this study was to prospectively determine the incidence, predictors, and clinical impact of hemodynamic decompensation after PDA ligation in preterm infants. Methods: All infants undergoing PDA ligation were eligible for this prospective cohort study. After undergoing ligation, patients were followed until 30 days after successful extubation, discharge from the NICU, or death. Data collection included perinatal and preoperative clinical information, operative details, postoperative course, and outcome. Results: Ninety-six preterm infants were enrolled and underwent PDA ligation. Hemodynamic decompensation occurred in 27 patients (28%). Overall in-hospital mortality rate was 18%. Mortality was significantly higher among infants that developed hemodynamic decompensation (33% vs 11%, p =. 012). Hemodynamic decompensation was ass...
Responsiveness of lymphocytes to soluble extracts of prostatic tumors and abrogation by serum-blocking factor(s)

Preliminary evidence is presented suggestive of antitumor immunity, cross reactive with allogeneic extracts from tumors of the same type, and serum-blocking factor(s), which appear to be specific to autologous tumor only, in patients with prostatic cancer employing the method of leukocyte adherence inhibition.
Microwave ablation of giant hepatic cavernous hemangiomas.

This study was designed to explore the safety and efficacy of percutaneous microwave (MW) ablation as an alternative treatment for symptomatic giant hepatic hemangiomas. Patients (n = 7; 6 females, 1 male; mean age = 44 years) with symptomatic, giant hemangiomas (n = 8) were treated with ultrasound-guided percutaneous MW ablation and followed for a mean of 18 months. Patient pain was recorded both before and after the procedure according to the 10-point visual analog scale. All patients were treated using one or three gas-cooled 17-gauge antennas powered by a 2.4-GHz generator (Neuwave Medical, Madison, WI). Mean ablation time was 11.6 min. Four patients received hydrodissection to protect the abdominal wall, colon, or gallbladder (5 % dextrose in water, mean volume 900 mL). Immediate postablation biphasic CT of the abdomen was performed, and four of seven patients have undergone delayed follow-up imaging. All ablations were technically successful with no major or minor complications. Average pain score decreased from 4.6 to 0.9 (p < 0.05), and six of seven patients report resolution or improvement of symptoms at 18-month average follow-up (range 1–33 months). Immediately postablation, mean tumor diameter decreased 25 % (from 7.3 to 5.5 cm, p < 0.05) and volume decreased 62 % (from 301 to 113 cm3, p < 0.05). In this series, percutaneous MW ablation was safe, well-tolerated, and effective in markedly shrinking large hepatic hemangiomas and improving symptoms in most patients.
Neuropeptide Y is a cotransmitter with norepinephrine in guinea pig inferior mesenteric vein.

Abstract Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a cotransmitter with noradrenaline in guinea pig inferior mesenteric vein. Tyrosine hydroxylase-like immunoreactivity and NPY-like immunoreactivity were colocalized in a dense network of fibers within the adventitial layer of guinea-pig inferior mesenteric vein. Vasoconstrictor responses to electrical field stimulation (0.2–64 Hz, 0.1 ms, 12 V, for 10 s) appear to be mediated primarily by norepinephrine at 0.2 to 4 Hz and by NPY at 8 to 64 Hz. NPY Y1 receptors mediate the contractile responses to both endogenous and exogenous NPY. Norepinephrine and NPY are involved in neuromuscular transmission in guinea pig mesenteric vein suggesting that the sympathetic nervous system requires the coordinated action of norepinephrine and NPY to serve capacitance.
Activities of enzymes involved in the metabolism of ether-linked lipids in normal and neoplastic tissues of rat☆

Abstract We have compared the activities of three enzymes (acyl-CoA reductase, fatty alcohol:NAD + oxidoreductase, and alkyl synthase) involved in the metabolism of ether lipids in rat liver and two tumors that contained various levels of ether lipids. The activity of fatty alcohol: NAD + oxidoreductase was high and the activities of acyl-CoA reductase and alkyldihydroxyacetone-P synthase were low in liver, which has low amounts of ether glycerolipids. On the other hand in Fischer R-3259 sarcoma, where high concentrations of ether-linked lipids were present, the reverse pattern was observed. In Morris hepatomas 5123C, with an intermediate value of ether lipids, the activities of all three enzymes ranged between that found in liver and Fischer sarcomas.
Otolaryngologic aspects of lyme disease

Lyme disease is a systemic illness caused by the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi and transmitted by the bite of a tick in the Ixodes ricinus complex. While the illness is often associated with a characteristic rash, erythema migrans, patients may also present with a variety of complaints in the absence of the rash. The otolaryngologist may be called upon to see both groups of patients, with any number of signs and symptoms referable to the head and neck, including headache, neck pain, odynophagia, cranial nerve palsy, head and neck dysesthesia, otalgia, tinnitus, hearing loss, vertigo, temporomandibular pain, lymphadenopathy, and dysgeusia. We review our institutional experience with 266 patients with Lyme disease, 75% of whom experienced head and neck symptoms. We also summarize the diagnostic and treatment modalities for this illness.
Protecting street children? Urban revitalization and regulation in Lima, Peru.

In this article, I develop a critical analysis of the relationship between urban “revitalization” campaigns and the regulation of street children in Lima, Peru. Scholars writing mostly in the Global North have drawn attention to increasingly punitive policies regarding public space. While in many regards Lima’s urban policy is reflective of such larger trends, I consider whether the regulation of street children is as punitive as might be assumed. I am particularly concerned with the role that children’s rights play as another logic structuring urban regulation. I first show how a language of children’s rights has been manipulated to justify the removal of street children from public space, as is most evident through Peru’s Law to Protect Minors from Situations of Begging. However, there is also something more ambiguous occurring. In the second part of this article, I examine the uneven implementation of policy: street children themselves resist and rework policies “on the ground,” and children’s rights f...
Estimation of system reliability in Brownian stress-strength models based on sample paths

Reliability of many stochastic systems depends on uncertain stress and strength patterns that are time dependent. In this paper, we consider the problem of estimating the reliability of a system when bothX(t) andY(t) are assumed to be independent Brownian motion processes, whereX(t) is the system stress, andY(t) is the system strength, at timet.
Overcontrolled children and outcome of short-term psychiatric hospitalization.

The psychological changes exhibited by 26 children were examined over a three-month psychiatric hospitalization. No significant change was exhibited on 13 behavior factors of the Devereux Child Behavior (DCB) rating scale. However, evaluation of the mother-child interaction indicated that children who were over-controlled by their mothers showed deficits in social competence; those same children exhibited therapeutic gains in their social relationships. Thus, while hospitalization may be of limited benefit to child psychiatric patients as a group, it may be therapeutic to an overcontrolled and socially inept subgroup of children.
Surface Chemistry of 2-Propanol on Clean and Oxygen Precovered Ir(111)

The decomposition and oxidation of 2-propanol on clean and O-precovered Ir(111) were studied using temperature-programmed desorption and molecular beam reactive scattering. On the clean surface, 2-...
The Paradoxical Role of Inflammation in Cardiac Repair and Regeneration

Inflammation has emerged as a critical biological process contributing to nearly all aspects of cardiovascular diseases including heart failure. Heart failure represents the final consequence of a diverse set of initial insults to the myocardium, among which myocardial infarction (MI) is the most common cause. After MI, the lack of perfusion often leads to the death of cardiomyocytes. The necrotic cells trigger a cascade of inflammatory pathways that work to clear the dead cells and matrix debris, as well as to repair and heal damaged tissues. For the heart, an organ with limited regeneration capacity, the consequence of MI (termed post-MI remodeling) comprises a series of structural and functional changes, including scar formation at the infarct zone, reactive hypertrophy of the remaining cardiomyocytes at the noninfarct area, ventricular chamber dilatation, and molecular changes marked by fetal gene up-regulation, all of which have been linked to the activation of the inflammatory pathways. Inadequate or excessive inflammatory response may lead to improper cellular repair, tissue damage, and dysfunction. Herein, we summarize the current understanding of the role of inflammation in cardiac injury and repair and put forth the hypothesis that temporally regulated activation and suppression of inflammation may be critical for achieving effective cardiac repair and regeneration.
Alternative devices for obstructive sleep apnea

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a relatively common condition which is most often treated with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). Given the compliance issues associated with CPAP, it is important for neurologists (and anyone who treats OSA) to be aware of what other treatment devices exist for this disease. This article reviews mandibular advancement devices, nasal expiratory airway pressure devices, hypoglossal nerve stimulators, and oral pressure therapy devices in terms of their mechanism of action, efficacy, and practicality.
Reduction of permanent magnets in small-scale wind turbines

Small scale wind turbines offer an attractive method for electrification of remote locations using a renewable source of energy. The popular permanent magnet axial flux alternator design for small turbines published by Scoraig Wind Electric has been widely constructed using readily available materials, but requires a relatively large amount of costly rare earth magnets. The prohibitive magnet cost is a result of an ironless stator, which serves to eliminate cogging torque but ultimately introduces a large air gap in the magnetic circuit. This paper investigates the use of powered iron and other ferrous materials to fill the centers of concentrated windings in an attempt to balance magnet utilization and acceptable cogging torque. Simple techniques in line with the accessible manufacturing approach for these turbines are proposed. Experimental results using either a ferrous filing based soft magnetic composite or a steel slug configuration embedded in the stator windings are demonstrated. A 50% magnet reduction is achievable while maintaining or enhancing electrical performance with an acceptable increase in cogging torque.
TU‐C‐BRA‐04: Should We Worry About Neutrons?

Advanced treatment techniques (e.g., IMRT, protons) are able to deliver more conformal dose distributions. However, they may cause potential risks for second malignancies due to increased scatteredradiation. Protons deposit secondary dose outside the treatment volume mainly via neutrons (generated either in the patient or the treatment head). In particular for passive scatteredproton beams, a general statement about this dose cannot be made because the yield and energy of these neutrons depends on several factors, e.g. the characteristics of the beam entering the treatment head, the material in the double scattering system and the modulator wheel, and the field size incident to the patient specific collimator. The latter can easily cause neutrondose variations up to two orders of magnitude (the neutrondose delivered by treatment head generated neutrons decreases with increasing collimator opening). Several experimental and simulated data from passive scatteredproton beams show that the biologically effective neutrondose (weighted by a quality factor) could be higher or even lower than scattereddoses in photon therapy. However, depending on the beam line design and the field size used for a specific treatment it might be significantly higher in some rare cases. Because the neutrondose is dominated by the contribution from the treatment head, proton beam scanning produces a much lower neutron background than passive scattering. Presumably, it delivers the lowest scattereddose of all treatment modalities. The likelihood of developing secondary cancer depends on both the scattereddose to the whole body and the high‐dose volume. Depending upon the dose response relationship, a main concern may not be the dose far away from the field (e.g. from neutrons), but the dose delivered to, or directly adjacent to, the target. The integral dose with any type of photon beams is higher than with proton beams. Educational Objectives: 1. To understand the determinants of neutronradiation in proton beam therapy. 2. To understand risks associated with neutronsdoses.
Financial Analysts’ Forecasts and Unprecedented Events: The Case of German Reunification

We use the chain of events from the fall of the Berlin Wall to the reunification of Germany to examine how capital market participants respond to momentous and unprecedented events. Our examination measures the impact of these events on analysts’ forecasts for the earnings of West German firms. Our results show a significant decrease in analysts’ ability to accurately forecast earnings. Contrary to the public’s euphoria, the sense of the market was generally negative about the implications of unification for West German firms. This negative sentiment was spread across most of the broad sectors, but within those sectors the results were significantly positive for select groups of industries. It appears that, in the face of this extraordinary event, financial analysts were detached from the emotions it engendered and were discriminating in their assessment of its impact.
Noise-induced instability.

We have found that the regular motion of an integrable system becomes erratic when a weak white noise is added. The interaction between dynamic and stochastic forces gives rise to an erratic power spectrum, positive Lyapunov exponents, and nonzero correlation exponent independent of embedding dimensions. Since the weak noise drives the systems to unstable fixed points that the dynamic force cannot reach, we call the onset of this erratic behavior the noise-induced instability. The results also indicate that the nonzero correlation exponents independent of embedding dimensions are not necessarily related to the deterministic chaos and that caution should be used in applying this technique to distinguish chaos from noise.
Application of the technology acceptance model to a knowledge management system

This research investigates the applicability of Davis' technology acceptance model to user acceptance of a knowledge management information system. It addresses two important questions: "Does the technology acceptance model explain user acceptance and usage of an information system implemented to support knowledge management objectives?" ''Can previous technology acceptance model user acceptance research serve as a basis for investigation of user acceptance of knowledge management information technology systems?" This study provides preliminary evidence that previous information technology acceptance research based on the technology acceptance model, may serve as a foundation for research of knowledge management system user acceptance. Relationships among primary TAM constructs are in substantive agreement with those characteristic of previous TAM research. Significant positive relationships between perceived usefulness, ease of use, and system usage were consistent with previous TAM research. The observed mediating role of perceived usefulness in the relationship between ease of use and usage was also in consonance with earlier findings. The findings are significant because they suggest that the considerable body of previous TAM related information technology research may be usefully applied to the knowledge management domain, and promote further investigation of factors affecting the user acceptance and usage of knowledge management information systems.
Growth Hormone-induced Phosphorylation of Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) Receptor in 3T3-F442A Cells: MODULATION OF EGF-INDUCED TRAFFICKING AND SIGNALING

Growth hormone (GH) promotes signaling by causing activation of the non-receptor tyrosine kinase, JAK2, which associates with the GH receptor. GH causes phosphorylation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR; ErbB-1) and its family member, ErbB-2. For EGFR, JAK2-mediated GH-induced tyrosine phosphorylation may allow EGFR to serve as a scaffold for GH signaling. For ErbB-2, GH induces serine/threonine phosphorylation that dampens basal and EGF-induced ErbB-2 kinase activation. We now further explore GH-induced EGFR phosphorylation in 3T3-F442A, a preadipocytic fibroblast cell line that expresses endogenous GH receptor, EGFR, and ErbB-2. Using a monoclonal antibody that recognizes ERK consensus site phosphorylation (PTP101), we found that GH caused PTP101-reactive phosphorylation of EGFR. This GH-induced EGFR phosphorylation was prevented by MEK1 inhibitors but not by a protein kinase C inhibitor. Although GH did not discernibly affect EGF-induced EGFR tyrosine phosphorylation, we observed by immunoblotting a substantial decrease of EGF-induced EGFR degradation in the presence of GH. Fluorescence microscopy studies indicated that EGF-induced intracellular redistribution of an EGFR-cyan fluorescent protein chimera was markedly reduced by GH cotreatment, in support of the immunoblotting results. Notably, protection from EGF-induced degradation and inhibition of EGF-induced intracellular redistribution afforded by GH were both prevented by a MEK1 inhibitor, suggesting a role for GH-induced ERK activation in regulating the trafficking itinerary of the EGF-stimulated EGFR. Finally, we observed augmentation of early aspects of EGF signaling (EGF-induced ERK2 activation and EGF-induced Cbl tyrosine phosphorylation) by GH cotreatment; the GH effect on EGF-induced Cbl tyrosine phosphorylation was also prevented by MEK1 inhibition. These data indicate that GH, by activating ERKs, can modulate EGF-induced EGFR trafficking and signaling and expand our understanding of mechanisms of cross-talk between the GH and EGF signaling systems.
Decay of incorporated radioactive phosphorus during development of a temperate bacteriophage.

Abstract Escherichia coli bacteria were infected with bacteriophage λ containing a high level of radiophosphorus P 32 and phage development allowed to proceed for various times before the infected bacteria were frozen and stored. It was found that at the outset of both lytic and lysogenic responses, the infective centers were as sensitive to inactivation by P 32 decay as the free λ phage. At later stages, both lytic and lysogenic centers became refractory to inactivation. It appears from these observations that (a) initially equal amounts of the parental phage DNA must be intact for the successful establishment of either response, (b) the first steps in both responses involve the change from P 32 sensitivity to P 32 resistance characteristic of vegetative phage development, and (c) very little, if any, of the phage DNA introduced into the sensitive cell finds incorporation into the structures of the prophage to which it gives rise. Highly P 32 -labeled E. coli bacteria were infected with nonradioactive T2 or λ bacteriophages and phage development allowed to proceed for various times before the infected bacteria were frozen and stored. It was found that at the outset of the infection, the capacity of the radioactive host cells to reproduce the temperate λ was more sensitive to abolition by P 32 decay than the capacity to reproduce the virulent T2. The high P 32 -sensitivity of the λ capacity, furthermore, persisted through most of the eclipse period of the lytic response. These observations support the idea that the host cell nucleus plays an important role in the lytic development of temperate bacteriophages.
Changes in structure and hydraulic conductivity for root junctions of desert succulents as soil water status varies

Variations in hydraulic conductivity (LP) and the underlying anatomical and morphological changes were investigated for main root-lateral root junctions of Agave deserti and Ferocactus acanthodes under wet, dry, and rewetted soil conditions. During 21 d of drying, LP and radial conductivity (LR) increased threefold to fivefold at junctions of both species. The increase in LR was accompanied by the formation of an apoplastic pathway for radial water movement from the surface of the junction to the stele for A. deserti and by the rupture of periderm by emerging primordia of secondary lateral roots for F. acanthodes. During 7 d of rewetting, LR decreased for junctions of A. deserti, as apoplastic water movement was not apparent, but LR was unchanged for F. acanthodes. Axial conductance (Kh) decreased during drying for both species, largely because of embolism related to the degradation of unlignified cell wall areas in tracheary elements at the root junction. The resulting apertures in the cell walls of such elements would admit air bubbles at pressure differences of only 0.12-0.19 MPa. Rewetting restored Kh for both species, but not completely, due to blockage of xylem elements by tyloses. About 40% of the primary lateral roots of the monocotyledon A. deserti abscised during 21 d of drying. For the dicotyledon F. acanthodes, which can form new conduits in its secondary xylem, only 10% of the primary lateral roots abscised during 21 d of drying, consistent with the much greater frequency of lateral roots that persist during drought in the field compared with the case for the sympatric A. deserti.
On the squark and gluino mass limits from the CERN pp̄ collider

Abstract Recently announced lower limits on squark and gluino masses from CERN pp collider data depend on three assumptions: (1) that the photino (γ) is the lightest supersymmetric particle and escapes experimental detection, (2) that m γ ≅ 0, and (3) that the five contributing flavors of right and left squars are mass degenerate. We examine the effect of relaxing these conditions on the quoted mass limits. We find the squark (gluino) mass limit virtually insensitive to increases in photino mass up to m γ ∼ 30–40 GeV (20–30 GeV) if all jet + missing transverse energy (p T ) events are taken into account. Furthermore, we quantify the effect of an unstable γ scenario on both q and g mass limits. Finally we find that by relaxing the assumption of squark mass degeneracy, some squarks with masses as much as 10–15 GeV below quoted bounds may be compatible with the data.