cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fetal ethanol exposure: A morphometric analysis of myelination in the optic nerve

Pregnant Long-Evans rats were fed a liquid diet containing ethanol during gestation. Controls consisted of both pair-fed dams and dams fed ad libitum with an equivalent, iso-caloric diet lacking ethanol. Subsequent effects of ethanol measured in the offspring include a significant lag in the rate at which non-myelinated axons are lost in association with the initial overproduction of neurons. Additionally, there was a slight lag in the rate of acquisition of myelinated axons; and altogether there was a large increase in the ratio of non-myelinated to myelinated axons. Frequency spectra of myelinated and non-myelinated axons by size were normal, and the relationship between axon size and myelin lamellae was also normal. Measured against the dynamic, normal background of rapid cell-loss and the progressive development of myelin, morphometric demonstration and evaluation of the comparatively small divergences associated with fetal alcohol exposure are difficult: nevertheless, these results are consistent with and help account for the marginal hypomyelination previously observed by quantitative neurochemistry.
Flare identification associated with coronal disturbances.

Solar flares responsible for Faraday rotation events observed in passage of Pioneer 6 radio signal through solar corona
Open Rives-Stoppa ventral hernia repair made simple and successful but not for everyone.

Background: The Rives-Stoppa (RS) repair of ventral incisional hernias (VIHR) is technically difficult. It involves the retromuscular placement of mesh anterior to the posterior fascia and the primary closure of the anterior fascia. Recurrence rates are 0–8%. We proposed that the operation could be done with equal success by placing the mesh in an intraperitoneal position and primarily closing the fascia anterior to the mesh. Methods: 81 patients who had undergone an open RS-VIHR with intraperitoneal mesh were evaluated for hernia recurrence and factors associated with recurrence. Results: 55 women and 26 men (mean BMI 38±9) underwent RS-VIHR (mean age 49±11 years). Of these patients, 44 (54%) had a prior VIHR, 30 (37%) had an incarcerated hernia and 34 (42%) had multiple fascial defects. PTFE was used in 83% and Prolene in 12%. Average LOS was 5.8±12 days. All received perioperative intravenous antibiotics and 28% were discharged on oral antibiotics. Follow-up averaged 30±24 months. Recurrent VIH developed in 12/81 (15%), with three occurring after removal of infected mesh and one after a laparotomy. Excluding these four, the recurrence rate was 10%. There was no correlation between hernia recurrence and age, BMI, hernia size, number of prior repairs, or LOS (t-test p>0.05). Hernia recurrence did not correlate with gender, prior peritoneal contamination, incarceration, multiple defects, adhesions, mesh type, oral antibiotics, cardiac disease, diabetes, tobacco use, or seroma (X2 p>0.05). Those with a wound infection and/or abscess formation had a significantly higher recurrent hernia rate (60% vs. 8%, X2 p<0.001). Patients with pulmonary disease had a significantly higher recurrence rate (50% vs. 12%, X2 p=0.01). Conclusions: RS-VIHR with intraperitoneal mesh is a successful and less technically challenging method of repair than prior modifications. Aggressive efforts to identify infection and treat early may prevent abscess formation and subsequent recurrent hernia. Patients with chronic pulmonary disease have an unacceptably high recurrence rate and should not be considered as candidates for elective RS-VIHR.
Facilitating Social Interactions in a Community Summer Camp Setting for Children with Autism

This article describes a program developed to support the participation of children with autism in a full-inclusion summer day camp program with their typically developing peers. The goal of the program was to support the children in inclusive summer recreational settings and specifically target their social development with typically developing peers. The program contained the following elements: recruiting appropriate aides, providing the aides with ongoing training and support, creating individualized social and behavioral goals for the campers, developing interventions that were contextually appropriate to the camp settings, and communicating with the families during their participation in the program. This article discusses the relevant child, family, agency, and community issues relevant to the implementation of this program.
Integrating design and bridging activities of the engineering and the design college: Merging language cultures, creativities, and perspectives

This paper describes a unique and an innovative pedagogical experiment conducted between engineering and design faculty. The goal of the experiment is to create innovative bridges between student design and creative activities and projects that would converge and unify two different approaches: Engineering and Industrial Design. In this class, third and fourth year students from Material Engineering and Electrical and Computer engineering are teamed up with the students from the graduate level Industrial design studio. Together the teams are assigned to a major industry sponsored design project. This paper discusses the class concept, execution, outcomes, reflections, surprises, and will provide discussions on designing, implementing, and modifying such classes. This work mixes students with different academic levels from three departments of the engineering college together with the first year graduate students in the college of Design. They are all working on a semester long industry sponsored design activity. The paper describes the goal of the experiment, the implementation, and the unique findings of the experiment. In particular, this paper focuses on early results of this pedagogical experiment. Discussions are provided about the issues of implementation, identification of the hurdles, difficulties, and the commonalities. Possible approaches and paths to make such classes possible in diverse environments and cultures are provided. Faculty, students, and industrial client reflections and observations are included. Finally attempts to bring about some guidelines for initiating, conducting daily activities, project planning, and ways for bridging the cultural gaps between the seemingly separated fields are described.
Electromagnetic design of the RF cavity beam position monitor for the LCLS

A high-resolution X-band cavity BPM has been developed for the LCLS. A dipole mode cavity and a monopole mode reference cavity have been designed in order to achieve micron-level accuracy of the beam position. The rf properties of the BPM as well as beam interaction with the cavities will be discussed including output power and tuning. In addition, methods will be presented for improving the isolation of the output ports to differentiate between horizontal / vertical beam motion and to reject extraneous modes from affecting the output signal. The predicted simulation results will be compared to data collected from low-power experimental tests.
Bronchogenic Carcinoma in Patients Younger than 40 Years

Bronchogenic carcinoma is reported to be more rapidly fatal in young persons than in older persons. We wondered whether young patients experience a more virulent form of lung cancer or whether other factors might contribute to poor survival. We reviewed the records of 113 Mayo Clinic patients younger than 40 years with histologically proven bronchogenic carcinoma diagnosed between 1956 and 1976. One hundred four patients (92%) had symptoms for a mean duration of 4 months before diagnosis. The disease was categorized as Stage I in 9 patients, Stage II in 6, and Stage III in 98. Fifty-six patients underwent thoracotomy. The procedure was curative in 17 and palliative in 14; in 25, the lesion was unresectable. Respective 1-year and 2-year survivals were 71% and 35% after curative resection and 79% and 28% after palliative resection. The 1-year survival was 82% for patients in Stage I, 40% for Stage II, and 26% for Stage III. Without resection, only 16% of patients lived 1 year or longer. Advanced disease at presentation characterized this group of young patients.
LITTLE EXAMINED ELEMENTS IN THE WELFARE REFORM DEBATE: THE DIMINISHED MALE AND THE DECREASED VALUE OF EDUCATION IN THE LABOR MARKET*

* Originally printed in Free Inquiry in Creative Sociology 1998 26(1). In the welfare reform debate in the 1990s, Republicans argued that government programs designed to give a helping hand breed illegitimacy, crime, illiteracy, and more poverty. Democrats focused on the changing labor market: High tech jobs have educational requirements that persons with little education or training cannot fill; therefore, welfare reform should target job training and education. Neither party looked at how the reorganization of the labor market negatively affected men more than women such that women had a reduced pool of employed males with livable wages as marriage partners. The loss of employed men with livable wages was found to account for increased levels of poor families with dependent children headed by single females. Also, neither party accounted for the existence of more persons with educational requirements than there are positions requiring those requirements. The labor market continues to produce employment on both ends of the skill and wage spectrum. Thus, education and training do not necessarily translate to higher paying jobs as they did before the mid-1970s.
Characterization of Silicon Nanoparticles Prepared from Porous Silicon

Nanometer sized silicon particles have been produced by ultrasonic dispersion of thin sections of porous silicon in organic solvents. High resolution TEM and FTIR have been used to establish the size range and surface structure/composition of these particles. The larger particles, which range in size from 20 to 50 nm, are made up of a conglomeration of smaller particles with a diameter of a few nanometers. The HRTEM shows an amorphous layer on the surface of many of the clusters. FTIR data suggest this amorphous layer is silicon-dioxide which may also have organic constituents.
Selection criteria utilized for hyperbaric oxygen treatment of carbon monoxide poisoning

Medical directors of North American hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) facilities were surveyed to assess selection criteria applied for treatment of acute carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning within the hyperbaric medicine community. Responses were received from 85% of the 208 facilities in the United States and Canada. Among responders, 89 monoplace and 58 multiplace chamber facilities treat acute CO poisoning, managing a total of 2,636 patients in 1992. A significant majority of facilities treat CO-exposed patients with coma (98%), transient loss of consciousness (LOC) (77%), ischemic changes on electrocardiogram (91%), focal neurologic deficits (94%), or abnormal psychometric testing (91%), regardless of carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) level. Although 92% would use HBO for a patient presenting with headache, nausea, and COHb 40%, only 62% of facilities utilize a specified minimum COHb level as the sole criterion for HBO therapy of an asymptomatic patient. When COHb is used as an independent criterion to determine HBO treatment, the level utilized varies widely between institutions. Half of responding facilities place limits on the delay to treatment for patients with only transient LOC. Time limits are applied less often in cases with persistent neurologic deficits. While variability exists, majority opinions can be derived for many patient selection criteria regarding the use of HBO in acute CO poisoning.
Chandra Observations of Circumnuclear Star Formation in NGC 3351

ThenearbySB(r)bgalaxy NGC3351 (M95)displays an � 600 pcdiameter star-forming circumnuclearringfueled bygas accretedthrough astellar bar.TheX-ray emission from this region is composedof numerous pointlikesources embedded in hot (kT ¼ 0:5 � 0:1 keV), nonuniform diffuse gas. Most of the pointlike sources are likely themselves concentrated regions of hot gas. The morphology of the X-ray emission is similar to, but not identical with, UVand Hhot spots in the circumnuclear ring. The emission morphology can be understood if star formation is occurring through a series of instantaneous starbursts at various locations around the ring and the UV, H� , and X-ray emission trace successively later stages in the evolution of the underlying stellar populations. X-ray emission extends at least 500 pc beyond the circumnuclear ring. This emission is interpreted as the result of gas outflow from the star-forming ring into the disk and halo of NGC 3351. There is evidence that the outflow is confined by cold ambient gas near the plane of the galaxy but thatflow out of the plane is not restricted. The nucleusof the galaxy lacks both large amounts of hot gas and any pointlike source above an estimated X-ray luminosity of 10 37 ergs s� 1 in the 0.5-8.0 keV band. This luminosity is orders of magnitude too low to account for the observed nuclear Hluminosity, 3:5 ; 10 38 ergs s � 1 , by X-ray photoionization. Subject headingg galaxies: individual (NGC 3351) — galaxies: starburst — galaxies: structure — X-rays: galaxies
Cell therapy for cardiac repair

Heart failure is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The current strategies for treatment are limited and new therapeutic approaches are needed. This review describes research performed in animal models of cardiac disease and clinical trials and discusses the mechanisms involved in possible beneficial effects of cell therapy. Cell therapy is a promising strategy to treat heart failure, as it aims to replenish the failing myocardium with contractile elements. However, cell therapy with adult progenitor cells induces a small improvement in heart function without significant cardiomyogenesis. Paracrine mechanisms are likely to be important. The most effective cell type for therapy remains unclear. Induced pluripotent stem cells have the greatest potential but more information on the properties of this cell type is needed. The integration of cells in the host myocardium and the routes of delivery remain controversial. The differentiation of cardiac cells from pluri- and multipotent cells and the understanding of their properties are growing points in cell therapy. More research is needed to correctly assess the physiological properties of differentiating cells, to dissect the role of the host environment in the integration and differentiation and to define the stage of differentiation required for cell transplantation.
Lyapunov Adaptive Boundary Control for Parabolic PDEs with Spatially Varying Coefficients

We propose and partially analyze a new model for determining the influence of a controller's interconnection equations. The limitations of previous research efforts design problems. Given a plant composed of dynamically uncoupled subsystems, we investigate the existence and adaptive controllers for the reaction-advection-diffusion plants with spatially-varying parameters that use only topology-dependent. We also give some theoretical results as to the existence of "critical prices" at which adding number of recursive integrations. The design of the adaptive scheme is based on the Lyapunov method. The results are illustrated with simulations
New directions in the basic and translational biology of interleukin-27

Interleukin (IL)-27 is a member of the IL-6 and IL-12 family composed of the IL-27p28 and Epstein–Barr virus-induced gene 3 (EBI3) subunits. Although IL-27 was originally identified as a proinflammatory factor, subsequent studies have revealed the pleiotropic nature of this cytokine. This review discusses recent work that has explored the effect of IL-27 on CD4 + T cell subsets, including T regulatory type 1 (Tr-1) cells, T follicular helper cells (Tfhs), and forkhead box P3 (Foxp3) + T regulatory cells (Tregs). Additionally, we highlight studies that have identified a role for the IL-27p28 subunit as a cytokine receptor antagonist. Much of the recent work on IL-27 has been relevant to human disease states characterized by inappropriate or excessive inflammation, and this review discusses potential opportunities to use IL-27 as a therapeutic agent.
Neurofibromatosis type 1: A model for the pathogenesis of reading disability

It is known that neurofibromatosis 1 is associated with lower IQ in affected individuals than in their unaffected relatives. This disorder once was thought to be a model for Rourke's syndrome of nonverbal learning disabilities, but recent research has revealed that the cognitive phenotype is broader, encompassing verbal, linguistic, and reading impairments. Visuospatial deficit has been confirmed as part of the NF1-associated phenotype, but does not appear to lead to mechanical arithmetic or social failure as Rourke would predict. The reading disability found with NF1 occurs within a developmental language disorder, a context commonly encountered clinically but rarely accounted for by research. Because magnetic resonance imaging yields subcortical rather than cortical findings on children with NF1, this neurogenetic syndrome draws attention to the linguistic contributions of basal ganglia and cerebellum. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Associative and inferential processes in pragmatic enrichment: The case of emergent properties

Experimental research on word processing has generally focused on properties that are associated to a concept in long-term memory (e.g., basketball—round). The present study addresses a related issue: the accessibility of “emergent properties” or conceptual properties that have to be inferred in a given context (e.g., basketball—floats). This investigation sheds light on a current debate in cognitive pragmatics about the number of pragmatic systems that are there (Carston, 2002a, 2007; Recanati, 2004, 2007). Two experiments using a self-paced reading task suggest that inferential processes are fully integrated in the processing system. Emergent properties are accessed early on in processing, without delaying later discourse integration processes. I conclude that the theoretical distinction between explicit and implicit meaning is not paralleled by that between associative and inferential processes.
Ambient air pollution and racial/ethnic differences in carotid intima-media thickness in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)

Background In the USA, ethnic disparities in atherosclerosis persist after accounting for known risk factors. Ambient air pollution is associated with increased levels of atherosclerosis and differs in the USA by race/ethnicity. We estimated the influence of ambient air pollution exposure to ethnic differences in common carotid intima-media thickness (IMT). Methods We cross-sectionally studied 6347 Caucasian-American, African-American, Hispanic and Chinese adults across 6 US cities in 2000–2002. Annual ambient air pollution concentrations (fine particulate matter [PM 2.5 ] and oxides of nitrogen [NO X ]) were estimated at each participant9s residence. IMT was assessed by ultrasound. Results The mean IMT was 19.4 and 37.6 μm smaller for Hispanic women and men, 53.6 and 7.1 μm smaller for Chinese women and men, and 23.4 and 38.7 μm higher for African-American women and men compared with Caucasian-American women and men. After adjustment for PM 2.5 , the differences in IMT remained similar for Hispanic and African-American participants but was even more negative for Chinese participants (mean IMT difference of −58.4 μm for women and −15.7 μm for men) compared with Caucasian-American participants. The IMT difference in Chinese participants compared with Caucasian-American participants related to their higher PM 2.5 exposures was 4.8 μm (95% CI 0.2 to 10.8) for women and 8.6 μm (95% CI 3.4 to 15.3) for men. NO X was not related to ethnic differences in IMT. Conclusions The smaller carotid IMT levels in Chinese participants were even smaller after accounting for higher PM 2.5 concentrations in Chinese participants compared with Caucasian-American participants. Air pollution was not related to IMT differences in African-American and Hispanic participants compared with Caucasian-American participants.
Transfer latent semantic learning: microblog mining with less supervision

The increasing volume of information generated on micro-blogging sites such as Twitter raises several challenges to traditional text mining techniques. First, most texts from those sites are abbreviated due to the constraints of limited characters in one post; second, the input usually comes in streams of large-volumes. Therefore, it is of significant importance to develop effective and efficient representations of abbreviated texts for better filtering and mining. In this paper, we introduce a novel transfer learning approach, namely transfer latent semantic learning, that utilizes a large number of related tagged documents with rich information from other sources (source domain) to help build a robust latent semantic space for the abbreviated texts (target domain). This is achieved by simultaneously minimizing the document reconstruction error and the classification error of the labeled examples from the source domain by building a classifier with hinge loss in the latent semantic space. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our method by applying them to the task of classifying and tagging abbreviated texts. Experimental results on both synthetic datasets and real application datasets, including Reuters-21578 and Twitter data, suggest substantial improvements using our approach over existing ones.
Public Beliefs About Mental Illness

Public beliefs about mental illness are important for understanding when and how the public seeks treatment for mental illness, as well as how they behave toward those who suffer from mental illness. This chapter reviews recent research on public beliefs, focusing on trends. Although the public increasingly endorses a biomedical model, including a growing appreciation of genetic causes, the stigma of mental illness remains, buttressed by the public’s lingering fear of violence among those with mental illness. In addition, the public shows increasing enthusiasm for medical treatment for psychiatric disorders, but this is mixed with uncertainty regarding some particular applications. A close inspection of the public’s beliefs reveals more complexity than might be apparent when interpreting their beliefs in terms of mental health literacy or in terms of the consistency of public beliefs with a standard biomedical approach.
Stability Design and Response to Waves by Batoids.

Synopsis Unsteady flows in the marine environment can affect the stability and locomotor costs of animals. For fish swimming at shallow depths, waves represent a form of unsteady flow. Waves consist of cyclic oscillations, during which the water moves in circular or elliptical orbits. Large gravity waves have the potential to displace fish both cyclically and in the direction of wave celerity for animals floating in the water column or holding station on the bottom. Displacement of a fish can exceed its stability control capability when the size of the wave orbit is equivalent to the size of the fish. Previous research into compensatory behaviors of fishes to waves has focused on pelagic osteichthyan fishes with laterally compressed bodies. However, dorsoventrally compressed batoid rays must also contend with waves. Examination of rays subjected to waves showed differing strategies for stability between pelagic and demersal species. Pelagic cownose rays (Rhinoptera bonasus) would glide through or be transported by waves, maintaining a positive dihedral of the wing-like pectoral fins. Demersal Atlantic stingrays (Dasyatis sabina) and freshwater rays (Potamotrygon motoro) maintained contact with the bottom and performed compensatory fin motions and body postures. The ability to limit displacement due to wave action by the demersal rays was also a function of the bottom texture. The ability of rays to maintain stability due to wave action suggests mechanisms to compensate for the velocity flux of the water impinging on the large projected area of the enlarged pectoral fins of rays.
A Comment on “Finding the Nth Root of a Number by Iteration”

(1963). A Comment on “Finding the Nth Root of a Number by Iteration”. Mathematics Magazine: Vol. 36, No. 5, pp. 315-316.
‘Put your fingers right in here’: Learnability and instructed experience:

Examining a fragment of interaction that occurred during a surgery at a teaching hospital, we explore how particular instructed experiences are produced for two trainees, a surgeon in the residency...
Image Processing for Electron Microscope Investigations of Materials

A time shared television digital image processing system has been developed for on-line electron microscopy and uses a large mainframe computer. The main component of the system is a digital television frame store which has many standard features for digital analysis such as: digitization, zoom and pan, arithmetic and Boolean processors, alphanumeric generators and so on. Images can be acquired at atomic resolution from a TEM, analyzed in real time and hard copy slides made under full computer control. A full range of computer software has been developed or modified from existing software and is generally compatible with IBM Fortran compilers. Some of the areas where extensive menu driven software has been developed are: particle size and feature analysis, algebraic and geometric image manipulations, Fourier analysis, digitization and process control, image contrast correction, text processing, etc. A number of applications areas have been explored which include: the structure of Si/SiO2 interfaces; nucleation of Au on rocksalt; the formation of hexatic structures from amorphous phases under shear, tension and compression; analysis of atomic surface structure and image motion and the analysis of field ion micrographs of amorphous structures. Several of these areas will be discussed in the context of image processing and materials characterization.
Modulation of rotationally symmetric mask on the focusing of azimuthally polarized beams

We theoretically reveal the modulation of rotationally symmetric masks on the redistribution of focused azimuthally polarized beams by angular diffraction. By numerical method based on vector diffraction, we demonstrate our interpretation on those focusing behaviors.
The Aerospace Design Education Implications from the Eight Harvey Mudd Design Workshops

A great deal of content directly relevant to the teaching and learning of aerospace engineering design education has been generated as a byproduct of the biennial Harvey Mudd Design Workshop (MDW). It was originally convened in 1997 to address topics such as: the role of engineering in design education, the role of computing in supporting design education, the role of computing in design practice, the relation between design and analysis in education and the role of design centers. Clearly, after 14 years, the topic of even the very first (MDW) is still equally as relevant today. In his opening comments, Clive Dym stressed that design has been treated as a stepchild of engineering sciences, so that students don’t learn the rich languages of design beyond those shared with engineering sciences, that is, mathematics and analytical formulas. Much has changed with Design in engineering education since that first MDW and in large part due to work instigated by the MDW series and its attendees. Most importantly, hard data has been produced to support the promotion of design throughout the undergraduate curriculum. Many aspects of design have been studied in detail and an overview of the aspects directly relevant to aerospace design will be provided in this paper. It is hoped that dialog can be stimulated within the aerospace profession by highlighting some techniques being implemented within other disciplines.
Enhanced Combustion in Supersonic Flows Using a Pulsed Detonation

The combustion effects of a hydrogen-oxygen (H2/O2) pulsed detonation (PD) staged downstream of a transverse hydrogen jet in supersonic cross flow (JICF) was investigated. A high-enthalpy (M = 2.35, T = 1330 K, P = 40 kPa) crossflow representative of Mach 7 flight combustor entry conditions was generated and maintained for all test cases. The PD provided a brief, high temperature, high momentum flux ratio, radical-rich, plume of gas to the wake of the jet. The temporal evolution of the blowdown process and interaction between the two plumes was studied using high-speed schlieren and OH* chemiluminescence imaging. OH planar laser-induced fluorescence of the center-plane at various times of the blowdown process was used to image the instantaneous reaction zone. The jetto-crossflow momentum flux ratio (Jj) was varied between values of 0.5, 2.7, and 5 to span a range of jet flame stabilization regimes.
Surveillance on foodborne pathogens in foods in Huizhou City in 2012-2013

Objective To investigate the contamination status of foodborne pathogens in foods in Huizhou City so as to provide a basis for formulating foodborne disease prevention strategies. Methods Based on the requirements of the Handbook for Food Safety Risk Surveillance in Guangdong Province,the samples were selected in typical consumption places and key supervision sites,and then tested according to the Manual of Foodborne Pathogen Surveillance. Results A total of 457 samples were collected from 2012 to 2013,and 11 strains of foodborne pathogens were detected,including Staphylococcus aureus,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Enterobacter sakazakii and Listeria monocytogenes. The total detection rate was 2. 41%,and the top 3 detected samples were cold dishes(6. 25%),baked stuffed bread(5. 00%) and barbecue(2. 86%). Conclusions The detection rates of foodborne pathogens in foods in Huizhou City are lower. Cold dishes and baked stuffed bread,which are mainly contaminated by Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus respectively,are the main kinds of food contaminated by foodborne pathogens,and hence,the targeted supervision should be strengthened.
Analyzing and realization of contactless suspending technique of ultrasonic gyroscope

A project of ultrasonic contactless support is put forward,and its principle is detailed introduced.The theory basis of ultrasonic contactless support is achieved by studying the sound radiant theory.According the sound radiant theory,we choose the contractless support structure by experimentation.Experimentation validates that this ultrasonic contractless support scheme is viable.
Ethics in Consent for HIV Testing.

There are advantages and disadvantages associated with requiring explicit testing for HIV. Virtual Mentor is a monthly bioethics journal published by the American Medical Association.
Oxygen-Related Defects in Silicon: Studies Using Stress-Induced Alignment

Although the primary concern relating to a defect in a semiconductor is apt to be the effect it has on the electrical properties of the material, the experimental techniques of choice to identify it, to determine its structure, and unravel its role in various processes occuring in the material are primarily the spectroscopic ones, such as electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), electron-nuclear double resonance (ENDOR), local vibrational mode (LVM) spectroscopy, or absorption and luminescence associated with electronic transitions involving the defect. In the course of this workshop, we will have the chance to learn in detail how each of these have contributed to our understanding of oxygen and its complexes in silicon.
A sensor cloud test-bed for multi-model and multi-user sensor applications

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are popular for their usage in various application like environmental monitoring because of their small size and ease of deployment. However, there is a considerable cost of owning and maintaining involved which might impede small to medium scale industries from availing their services. Even for large-scale industries, WSNs deployed and maintained with so much financial investment, when remains under utilized affects their profitability. This challenge with WSNs needs to be addressed in such a manner that small and medium scale industries could use a hassle free on-demand provisioned and de-provisioned service by paying usage fee only. On the other hand, this should result in a better utilization of the installed capacity of WSNs, pruning down their under-utilization to the barest minimum. In order to address this challenge such that everybody benefits by using the services offered by WSNs and as well as building new services, we have proposed Sensor Cloud infrastructure. The proposed Sensor Cloud infrastructure is a cloud of heterogeneous WSNs, where owners of WSNs collaborate to offer sensing-as-a-service. In this paper, we discuss the implementation of our proposed Sensor Cloud infrastructure by building middleware, client centric-layer which creates virtual sensors on top of physical WSNs, and present the results of its usage and operation.
Using readers’ imagery of literary characters to study text meaning construction

Abstract The purpose of the present research was to examine readers’ Images of literary characters as a basis for studying text meaning construction. Given reading theory that emphasizes text/reader contributions to understanding, the investigation focused on the convergence and divergence of character descriptions both between text and readers and between readers themselves. Two students read two short stories and responded during and after reading to researcher prompts on story characters. Descriptive phrases In both texts and student reports were isolated for each character than then categorized as: (a) lifestyle characteristics, (b) personality traits, or (c) physical appearance. Based on comparisons made by story and character for the three categories, the findings indicated greater variation than commonality between the texts and readers, as well as between the two readers. The students appeared to select different textual cues that enabled them to elaborate upon and extend the text information in d...
Rice Based Farming System Models for Enhancing Profitability of Small Farm Holders in Telangana

Rice is cultivated on an area of about 1.67 million hectares with a production of 4.9 million tonnes in Telangana. The study has assessed the profitability of the major rice based integrated farming systems in Rangareddy district of Telangana. The data for the study were collected from 36 small holder rice farmers of three villages of Rangareddy district during 2016. The rice based integrated farming systems evaluated include, rice-rice, rice-pigeonpea-vegetable, rice-vegetable-dairy, ricecotton-vegetable, rice-vegetable-dairy, rice-vegetable-sheep and rice-vegetable-fodder-dairy. The results indicate that the rice based farming systems allows farmers to realise higher profits than the conventional mono cropping of rice. The integration of rice with vegetable cultivation and pigeonpea cultivation/sheep/dairy resulted in higher B:C ratio than the cultivation of rice alone.
An Intentional Approach to Achieving Learning Outcomes during a Youth Leadership Residential Program

The High Desert Leadership Retreat (HDLR) is an annual four-day youth conference which incorporates positive youth development practices to build life skills and increase youth leadership capacity. There are numerous examples in youth development literature of program models and associated outcomes. However, few studies have articulated which aspects of a conference contribute to the achievement of learning outcomes. By utilizing proven program evaluation methods, the achievement of learning outcomes was measured during both formal and informal conference sessions.
HOLDING PATTERNS: Sand and Political Time at China's Desert Shores

This article considers possibilities for posing the relationship between historical, political, and environmental time—a key provocation of what has been called the Anthropocene—by exploring how sand gives form to political time in Chinese state antidesertification and sand-control efforts. Through an ethnographic exploration of how scientists, engineers, and bureaucrats in two desertification emergency zones in northern China read landscapes through sand as a substance embroiled in multiple physical, geological, and ecological processes, this essay argues that sand emerges as a form not simply for apprehending alternative ways of accounting for and narrating the passage and texture of passing time but also for giving shape to the futures with which environmental politics in China must contend. It also constitutes a set of tactical techniques for intervening in and shaping environmental processes. As sand gives form to multiple chronological forms, it further reworks the chronopolitics of the grand futures of state-sponsored economic development into what I call holding patterns, techniques of environmental management shaped by earthly temporalities and aimed at holding the unruly time-spaces of moving sand in place. Sand’s motion and stabilization become the physical substrate for new modes of political fortune-telling, sometimes spelling out endings in the anticipatory spectacle of buried cities, but sometimes also providing the architecture for regenerative ecological futures.
Stem Cell Therapy: Healing or Hype? Why Stem Cell Delivery Doesn't Work.

During the last 2 decades, there has been a surge in the development of stem cell therapies to treat numerous debilitating diseases. Cardiovascular disease is a leading target of this research because of the minimal proliferative and regenerative capabilities of the heart. These studies have quickly progressed to clinical trials; however, the initial enthusiasm has faded because outcomes from these studies have led to disappointing and inconsistent results.1 This viewpoint offers an explanation as to why stem cells have yet to demonstrate a significant benefit in patients having cardiovascular disease and how these challenges should be addressed. It is currently unknown which cell lineage provides the greatest potential in regenerative effects. While most cardiac clinical trials have delivered mesenchymal stem cells or bone marrow–derived stem cells (BMSCs), others have used adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) and cardiac stem cells (CSCs).1,2 Yet, regardless of the cell type used, stem cell trials for cardiovascular diseases have not yielded clinically meaningful outcomes, though most have only been statistically powered to demonstrate feasibility and safety. Mesenchymal stem cells are advantageous because they can be delivered to patients without the need for immunosuppression and secrete numerous antiapoptotic and angiogenic growth factors.3 In 2014, 30 patients were enrolled in a multicenter, double-blind trial and randomized to receive an intramyocardial injection of 25 million mesenchymal stem cells or cell medium concurrent with left ventricular assist device implantation. The authors concluded that administration of mesenchymal stem cells was feasible and safe, with a trend toward functional efficacy.3 BMSCs are commonly administered in cardiac trials and are attractive because of their proven safety and paracrine effects.4 A BMSC trial published in 2013 randomized 200 patients with acute myocardial infarction to an open-labeled, controlled trial with 2 BMSC groups. These cells were administered via …
Chapter 6 – Risk Assessment Using Control Banding

Control banding (CB) strategies offer simplified processes for controlling worker exposures in the absence of firm toxicologic and exposure information. The nanotechnology industry, with overwhelming uncertainties of work-related health risks posed by nanomaterials, is an excellent candidate for applying such strategies. Ongoing surveys continue to reflect that a majority of nanomaterial producers are not performing a basic risk assessment of their products in use. The use of CB strategies has become a primary route for the assessment and prioritization of potential health risks resulting from work-related exposures to nanomaterials and as a pragmatic approach to preliminary risk management. There has been an impressive growth of available CB tools developed internationally to address chemical risk assessment requirements; however, this is especially applicable in the nanomaterial industries. Toward this end, the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) issued a new technical specification standard on the use of CB for managing inhalation risk from engineered nanomaterials. Included in this ISO standard is the CB Nanotool, the first useable tool developed for assessing and controlling nanomaterial exposure risks, which has now received an independent quantitative validation. Research on CB tools has also continued to expand in the scientific literature, and these updates have been addressed in a number of studies. The continuing expansion of CB tool use for nanomaterials requires ongoing efforts for evaluation, validation, and verification. This process has been especially true for the CB Nanotool and includes topics such as its input factors, structure, weighting of risk factors, effectiveness in practice, and utility for exposure mitigation. The ongoing scientific investigation and research on the CB tools developed for nanomaterials is necessary to ensure that risk assessments reflect appropriate solution outcomes and that these CB strategies remain accessible, affordable, and ultimately effective in protecting workers as the science of nanomaterials continues to grow.
Creating Collaborative Innovation Networks (COINs) to Reduce Infant Mortality

This case study illustrates the growth process of a collaborative innovation network in healthcare. It tracks e-mail communication of COIN members through a method we call “virtual mirroring”, and measures the online perception of the topics of the COIN by coolhunting on social media such as Twitter and blogs. It also describes how the COIN members through “coolfarming” self-organize and identify new sub-topics for their work. In particular, the paper describes the growth process of the US Department of Health and Human Services Infant Mortality CoIIN (Collaborative Improvement and Innovation Network), applying both improvement and innovation concepts to reducing infant mortality among disadvantaged families in the US.
Succinylcholine induced hyperkalaemia in patients with strabismus

Chez 20 malades soumis a la chirurgie pour correction de strabisme, nous avons mesure les taux de potassium serique. Chez sept malades, apres induction au protoxide d’azote/halothane, nous avons donne du chlorure de succinylcholine. Les treize autres malades ont ete intubes sous anesthesie au protoxide d’azote/halothane seulement. Nous avons observe une legere mais significative elevation du potassium serique chez les malades du groupe qui avait recu de la succinylcholine alors que nous n’avons pas observe de changement chez les malades de l’autre groupe. Les auteurs en viennent a la conclusion qu’une seule dose de succinylcholine par voie endoveineuse, selon toute evidence, n’entraine pas chez les porteurs de strabisme, une hyperkalemie dangereuse.
Seasonal Changes in Stress Responses

Seasonal changes in both stressors and the response to stressors are dramatic and must be understood in order to attain a complete understanding of the mechanisms underlying stress perception and responses.
Diet and feeding behavior of Mysore slender lorises

We studied the feeding ecology of the Mysore slender loris (Loris lydekkerianus lydekkerianus) for 10.5 mo in a dry scrub forest at Ayyalur Interface Forestry Division, Tamil Nadu, South India. We recorded and analyzed 1240 feeding incidents, which indicate that the lorises were almost exclusively faunivorous, with 96% of all feeding events representing animal prey. Of prey items that could be identified (nD 605), 62.9% were ants and termites. Lorises fed on‚9 orders and 17 families of insects, plus spiders, molluscs, and small vertebrates. Lorises infrequently fed on gums and a legume pod. They usually grabbed prey with one hand, while other appendages firmly held the substrate. Many of the identifiable prey items belong to insect taxa likely to contain toxic chemicals. Consumption of insects inferred to be toxic was accompanied by an elaborate behavioral repertoire of sneezing, slobbering and urine-washing. A high proportion of insects eaten by slender lorises (71%) occurred in patches or aggregations. The utilization of aggregated social insects may have implications for understanding the unusually high degree of gregarious behavior exhibited by the lorises.
Deepening Engagement: The Intimate Flow of Online Interactions

Peer interaction in the online classroom boosts academic progression and engages students in deeper learning. This study assesses several different forms of student peer interactions on a collaborative website in an American politics course offered across two universities. Findings reveal that students identify and personalize their interactions with each other while employing deeper learning, a measure of their reflective discussions using academic content across the universities. This study concludes that a peer interactive design is an effective online teaching method to expand student learning, one that engages students with each other while deepening their learning.
The Use of Antiseptic Solutions in the Prevention and Management of Penile Prosthesis Infections: A Review of the Cytotoxic and Microbiological Effects of Common Irrigation Solutions.

Abstract Introduction The Mulcahy salvage fundamentally altered the management of penile prosthesis infections (PPI). Central to this procedure is a sequence of antiseptic irrigations that aims to remove and eradicate pathogenic microflora from the infected field, thus preparing for immediate reimplantation. The antiseptic solutions and their respective concentrations, however, have never been evaluated for efficacy. Aim This review critically examines 3 commonly used antiseptic irrigation solutions (povidone-iodine [PVI], hydrogen peroxide [H2O2], and chlorhexidine gluconate [CHG]) in terms of their antimicrobial activity, cytotoxicity, and clinical use. Methods A PubMed literature review was performed on articles published between 2003 and 2018. Both preclinical as well as clinical studies from various surgical disciplines were included in this review. Main Outcome Measure The original salvage protocol selected for irrigation solutions at concentrations that are likely detrimental to native tissue. Results All 3 agents demonstrate in vitro cytotoxic effects at subclinical concentrations, but H2O2 is associated with the most significant deleterious properties. It does not seem to broaden antimicrobial coverage beyond what is covered by PVI. Dilute PVI (0.35–3.5% with exposure time of at least 3 minutes) possesses the most robust clinical evidence as an intraoperative adjunct, reducing the incidence of postoperative infectious complications. chlorhexidine gluconate is a promising new agent but lacks clinical data. Clinical implication Improvements in the salvage protocol are warranted based on current evidence. Careful selection of lavage solution and usage of the lowest necessary concentration will help achieve desired antimicrobial activity while avoiding native tissue cytotoxicity. Strength and limitation: The study is limited by its retrospective nature, and the heterogeneity of literature reviewed precluded a formal meta-analysis. Furthermore, future studies will need to address the roles of normal saline and antibiotic irrigations as intraoperative adjuncts for infection prevention. Conclusion Diluted PVI (0.35–3.5% for 3 minutes) may be beneficial in the prevention of PPI. Evidence supports its use both in the setting of primary implantation as well as salvage of infected hardware. An improved, evidence-based protocol may increase positive outcomes of urologic prosthetic surgery. Pan S, Rodriguez D, Thirumavalavan N, et al. The Use of Antiseptic Solutions in the Prevention and Management of Penile Prosthesis Infections: A Review of the Cytotoxic and Microbiological Effects of Common Irrigation Solutions. J Sex Med 2019;16:781–790.