cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Light microscopic morphometric analysis of rat ileal mucosa. I. Component quantitation of IgA-containing immunocytes.

A light microscopic morphometric analysis of IgA-containing immunocytes within samples of ileal mucosa was performed. The following groups of rats were studied:(1) animals raised in a gnotobiotic environment (microbial reduction); (2) animals with iatrogenic selffilling intestinal blind loops (microbial proliferation); and (3) control animals (sham operation). The unlabeled antibody enzyme immunohistochemical localization technique was employed for the identification of intracellular IgA. Component quantitation involved use of a micrometer component quantitator. Numerical density of the immunocyte population was determined by component quantitation of individual and total immunocyte volumes and by application of the Floderus equation. The methodology employed provided a precise quantitative analysis of all mucosal components of normal and manipulated rat ileum. A statistically significant reduction in the volume percentage of IgA-containing immunocytes in association with both microbial reduction and microbial proliferation was observed. The volume percentage reduction of the IgA-containing immunocyte population associated with gnotobiosis may reflect decreased microbial antigenic stimulation, whereas that associated with microbial proliferation may reflect the presence of an increased population of immunocytes producing non-IgA immunoglobulins.
Comments on the paper “Does the subgrain size influence the rate of creep?”

Abstract A recent paper questions the validity of the experimental observations and the conclusions reached by other researchers on the importance of cells in determining the creep behavior of materials. In an attempt to duplicate the stress change experiment described by the latter researchers, which resulted in a cellular microstructure, it was reported that cells were not observed in the test described in that recent paper. As a result, it was suggested that the microstructural observations reported by the latter researchers were an artifact since they may have been made too close to the compression surface. The present letter clarifies our experimental procedures and observations on NaCl single crystals in the light of the points raised by the authors of the recent paper and examines the importance of cells in determining creep behavior. It is concluded that cells are not spurious microstructural features and that they should be included along with subgrains and “free” dislocations in developing creep models.
Social dominance in the golden-mantled ground squirrel, Citellus lateralis chrysodeirus (Merriam).

Zusammenfassung Erwachsene Citellus lateralis zeigen eine soziale, aber nicht lineare Rangordnung, die sich leicht und abhangig vom Verhalten der gerade zusammen am gleichen Ort befindlichen Individuen andert. Es wurde nur ein Tier beobachtet, das von keinem Artgenossen verjagt wurde; es war das kampflustigste, das sogar einmal einen Tamiasciurus douglasi vertrieb. Soziale Begegnungen waren meist kurz und fuhrten nur zu kurzen Verfolgungen. Gelegentliche Kampfe waren kurz und nicht besonders ernst. Ein verfolgtes Tier hielt zuweilen an, und legte das Kinn auf den Boden und erhob entweder den Korper oder legte sich flach auf den Bauch. Beide bisher unbeschriebene Stellungen beendeten die Auseinandersetzung sofort; sie werden deshalb Befriedungsgesten genannt. Kam ein Tier einem anderen oder einem Fremdkorper nahe, so konnte es auch sein Kinn am Boden reiben und mit den Vorderbeinen aufstampfen. Das wird als Ubersprungverhalten gedeutet. Was zur Uberlegenheit fuhrt, ist noch nicht klar. Ein uberlegenes Tier kann gleich darauf in anderer Situation unterlegen sein. Das Korpergewicht scheint dafur ohne Bedeutung, doch spielen Revierverteidigung, korperliche Gesundheit und Sattigungsgrad eine Rolle.
Silicon-32 profiles in the South Pacific

Si and 32Si were collected from samples of up to 375,000 l of seawater using an in-situ extraction technique with ferric-hydroxide-loaded natural sponges contained in “butterfly” samplers. Results of measurements of dissolved 32Si and stable silicon in three vertical profiles in the South Pacific (23°-21°S; 175°E-177°W) are compared with 32Si specific activities observed in shallow and deep-water siliceous sponges collected from the Pacific, and with theoretical calculations of the 32Si production rate in the atmosphere by cosmic radiation. Good agreement exists between the production rate, the fallout rate, and the 32Si oceanic inventory of (2±0.5) × 10−2 (dpm/cm2) obtained from the South Pacific profiles.
The Accumulation of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27kip1Is a Primary Response to Staurosporine and Independent of G1 Cell Cycle Arrest

Abstract The staurosporine-induced G1 cell cycle arrest was analyzed in a variety of cell lines which includes human tumor cell lines and oncogene-transformed NIH3T3 cell lines. All the cell lines which were sensitive to staurosporine-induced G1 arrest contained a functional retinoblastoma protein (pRB). However, when pRB-lacking fibroblast cells derived from pRB knockout mice were tested they were also sensitive to G1 arrest by staurosporine, indicating that the inactivation of pRB alone is not sufficient for the abrogation of staurosporine-induced G1 arrest. In searching for a common event caused by staurosporine, the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor protein p27 kip1 but not p21 cip1 was found to accumulate after staurosporine treatment in all the cell lines examined. This accumulation occurred regardless of the induction of the G1 arrest. The result indicates that the accumulation of p27 kip1 is the cell's primary response to staurosporine and that the capability of staurosporine to induce G1 arrest depends on the integrity of cell cycle regulatory components which are downstream of p27 kip1 .
The spatial arrangement of the L and M cones in the central fovea of the living human eye

Experiments designed to estimate the placement of L and M cones in fovea centralis of the living human eye are presented. Hyperacuity performances for two observers were measured for the full and the separate L and M cone submosaics using 2-dot chromatic stimuli on cone-selective adapting backgrounds. Simulated performances, based on an ideal observer model, were generated for all possible mosaics by varying L and M cone relative numerosity and spatial configuration. The best match between the simulated and measured performances determined the solution mosaic. Each observer's solution mosaic contained more L than M cones, randomly arrayed as assessed by statistical tests.
Mathematical neuroscience: from neurons to circuits to systems

Applications of mathematics and computational techniques to our understanding of neuronal systems are provided. Reduction of membrane models to simplified canonical models demonstrates how neuronal spike-time statistics follow from simple properties of neurons. Averaging over space allows one to derive a simple model for the whisker barrel circuit and use this to explain and suggest several experiments. Spatio-temporal pattern formation methods are applied to explain the patterns seen in the early stages of drug-induced visual hallucinations.
The Onset of Tearing at Slits in Stressed Coated Plain Weave Fabrics

A simple micromechanical model is presented for predicting the onset of tearing at slitlike damage sites in biaxially stressed coated plain weave fabrics. The stress concentration in the first intact yarn at the slit tip is determined as a function of increasing loading, and predictions for the onset of tearing are made under the assumption that tearing initiates through the rupture of the first intact yarn at a characteristic yarn breaking load. Extensive onset of tearing experiments on various coated nylon and polyester fabrics are presented, and the model is shown to capture the onset of tearing in these fabrics quite well over a range of slit lengths.
Green functions and projection operators in the semiclassical approximation

Abstract Closed forms of the Green functions and projection operators for quantum mechanical systems of two and three interacting particles are derived in the semi-classical approximation based on the Wigner transformation. An application to high energy potential scattering yields very accurate amplitudes at large angles.
Eavesdropping on PTM cross-talk through serial enrichment

Two approaches to serially enrich protein post-translational modifications allow the detection of multiple modifications in a single biological sample using mass spectrometry.
Photoemission sampling technique for high-speed integrated-circuit testing

After a short review of the basic principles of time-resolved photoemission and its capabilities as a method for contactless electrical testing of integrated circuits, this paper reports on the progress made toward meeting the requirements for integrated-circuit (IC) testing and diagnostic equipment. The goals of IC testing are to provide high time and voltage resolutions with short testing time, and simultaneously high spatial resolution independent of the circuit technology (Si, GaAs). Here, the emphasis is on the time and voltage resolutions and short testing time. In the photoemission process, these parameters are independent of the spatial resolution in the regime of interest. The investigation is carried out with a pulsed-laser system generating picosecond pulses in the UV range. The measurements presented were performed on photoconductive switches. This allows testing the time resolution of the method by ultra-fast signals, and generating the electric transients to be sampled by the same laser source as the sampling pulse, guaranteeing almost jitter-free operation. The results clearly demonstrate that photoemission sampling is capable of contactless diagnostics and testing of very high-speed circuits with a high-voltage resolution and short testing time.
Partitioning impacts of climate and regulation on water level variability in Great Slave Lake

Summary Water level observations and a daily water balance model are used to build a naturalized water level history for Great Slave Lake dating back to the 1967 completion of the W.A.C. Bennett Dam in the Peace River basin headwaters. Comparison of water level observations dating back to 1938 and water balance scenarios for 1964–1998 assist in constraining the probable magnitude and likely direction of climate and regulation impacts on the water level history of the lake. Overall, the first-order analysis suggests that the effect of flow regulation has been to dampen annual water level variability by about 20 ± 2 cm, to reduce annual maximum water levels by about 14 ± 3 cm and to shift peak water levels earlier in the season by about 30 ± 8 days. Meanwhile, climate forcing has tended to enhance water level variability by 8 ± 2 cm, to enhance maximum water levels by 10 ± 3 cm and to advance the timing of maximum water levels slightly (11 ± 8 days). Climatic and regulation impacts appear to have generally counter-balanced changes in amplitude of water level changes and magnitude of peak levels but have cumulatively contributed to a seasonal shift toward earlier peak water levels in the lake.
Mathematical modeling predicts enhanced growth of X-ray irradiated pigmented fungi.

Ionizing radiation is known for its cytotoxic and mutagenic properties. However, recent evidence suggests that chronic sub-lethal irradiation stimulates the growth of melanin-pigmented (melanized) fungi, supporting the hypothesis that interactions between melanin and ionizing photons generate energy useful for fungal growth, and/or regulate growth-promoting genes. There are no quantitative models of how fungal proliferation is affected by ionizing photon energy, dose rate, and presence versus absence of melanin on the same genetic background. Here we present such a model, which we test using experimental data on melanin-modulated radiation-induced proliferation enhancement in the fungus Cryptococcus neoformans, exposed to two different peak energies (150 and 320 kVp) over a wide range of X-ray dose rates. Our analysis demonstrates that radiation-induced proliferation enhancement in C. neoformans behaves as a binary "on/off" phenomenon, which is triggered by dose rates 5000 mGy/h. Proliferation enhancement of irradiated cells compared with unirradiated controls occurs at both X-ray peak energies, but its magnitude is modulated by X-ray peak energy and cell melanization. At dose rates <5000 mGy/h, both melanized and non-melanized cells exposed to 150 kVp X-rays, and non-melanized cells exposed to 320 kVp X-rays, all exhibit the same proliferation enhancement: on average, chronic irradiation stimulates each founder cell to produce 100 (95% CI: 83, 116) extra descendants over 48 hours. Interactions between melanin and 320 kVp X-rays result in a significant (2-tailed p-value = 4.8 × 10(-5)) additional increase in the number of radiation-induced descendants per founder cell: by 55 (95% CI: 29, 81). These results show that both melanin-dependent and melanin-independent mechanisms are involved in radiation-induced fungal growth enhancement, and implicate direct and/or indirect interactions of melanin with high energy ionizing photons as an important pro-proliferative factor.
45,X Complete Hydatidiform Mole

Abstract This paper describes the clinical history and chromosomal analyses of a patient with a 45,X molar pregnancy and reviews the literature regarding cytogenetic studies of complete hydatidiform moles. The reported patient with a 45,X complete mole developed postmolar choriocarcinoma. Complete molar pregnancy appears to be the morphologic expression of a wide variety of chromosomal patterns. The risk of developing postmolar choriocarcinoma may be related to the chromosomal pattern of the molar tissue.
Inflammation stimulates the expression of PCSK9

Inflammation induces marked changes in lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. Proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin 9 (PCSK9) plays an important role in regulating LDL receptor degradation. Here, we demonstrate that LPS decreases hepatic LDL receptor protein but at the same time hepatic LDL receptor mRNA levels are not decreased. We therefore explored the effect of LPS on PCSK9 expression. LPS results in a marked increase in hepatic PCSK9 mRNA levels (4 h 2.5-fold increase; 38 h 12.5-fold increase). The increase in PCSK9 is a sensitive response with 1 μg LPS inducing a ½ maximal response. LPS also increased PCSK9 expression in the kidney. Finally, zymosan and turpentine, other treatments that induce inflammation, also stimulated hepatic expression of PCSK9. Thus, inflammation stimulates PCSK9 expression leading to increased LDL receptor degradation and decreasing LDL receptors thereby increasing serum LDL, which could have beneficial effects on host defense.
Statistical Theory of Many-Electron Systems. Discrete Bases of Representation

The density matrix for a many-electron system has been examined. A formalism has been arrived at which facilitates its evaluation in terms of a basis corresponding to a discrete spectrum of eigenvalues. This allows a representation to be employed associated with a suitably chosen approximation to the Hamiltonian. Thereby, reasonably accurate estimates of the properties of many-electron systems may be anticipated for low orders of approximation.In developing the formalism, attention was focused upon a means for approximating the quantity $\mathrm{exp}(z\mathrm{H})$, where H is the many-particle Hamiltonian and $z$ is a complex number. It was found possible to represent this quantity exactly as an infinite product of exponential factors, each of which depends upon a portion of the Hamiltonian alone. The relation of this result to statistical mechanical applications is indicated. An approximation procedure is described in terms of which various finite products of exponential factors approach the desired quantity in the limit of indefinitely increasing numbers of factors; this limit is approached in a manner that permits any given approximation to contain all the terms of the previous approximation.The first order of approximation was employed to approximate the many-particle density matrix. The resulting theory was applied to the helium-like systems: He, ${\mathrm{Li}}^{+}$, ${\mathrm{Be}}^{++}$. The energies of the ground $^{1}S$ state of helium and the three lowest states of ${\mathrm{Li}}^{+}$ and ${\mathrm{Be}}^{++}$ were calculated. The agreement with experimental term values is reasonably satisfactory, the discrepancy between calculations and experiments not exceeding one percent. The triplet-singlet splitting for ${\mathrm{Li}}^{+}$ was in the order observed; the magnitude calculated was about one-half that observed.The relation between the present theory and the Thomas-Fermi theory is discussed. It is pointed out that the former is the analog of the latter when the density matrix is expressed in other than eigenfunctions of momentum. The quasi-classical character of the approximation is discussed.
Neuroanatomic relationships between the GABAergic and serotonergic systems in the developing human medulla.

gamma-Amino butyric (GABA) critically influences serotonergic (5-HT) neurons in the raphe and extra-raphe of the medulla oblongata. In this study we hypothesize that there are marked changes in the developmental profile of markers of the human medullary GABAergic system relative to the 5-HT system in early life. We used single- and double-label immunocytochemistry and tissue receptor autoradiography in 15 human medullae from fetal and infant cases ranging from 15 gestational weeks to 10 postnatal months, and compared our findings with an extensive 5-HT-related database in our laboratory. In the raphe obscurus, we identified two subsets of GABAergic neurons using glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65/67) immunostaining: one comprised of small, round neurons; the other, medium, spindle-shaped neurons. In three term medullae cases, positive immunofluorescent neurons for both tryptophan hydroxylase and GAD65/67 were counted within the raphe obscurus. This revealed that approximately 6% of the total neurons counted in this nucleus expressed both GAD65/67 and TPOH suggesting co-production of GABA by a subset of 5-HT neurons. The distribution of GABA(A) binding was ubiquitous across medullary nuclei, with highest binding in the raphe obscurus. GABA(A) receptor subtypes alpha1 and alpha3 were expressed by 5-HT neurons, indicating the site of interaction of GABA with 5-HT neurons. These receptor subtypes and KCC2, a major chloride transporter, were differentially expressed across early development, from midgestation (20 weeks) and thereafter. The developmental profile of GABAergic markers changed dramatically relative to the 5-HT markers. These data provide baseline information for medullary studies of human pediatric disorders, such as sudden infant death syndrome.
Growth Characteristics of the WF2 Cell Cultures

Fish cell lines have been developed and utilized since the early 1960s and a wide range of fish species are now represented in culture (Wolf and Mann 1980; Fryer and Lannan 1994). However, the fish species most often represented in cell cultures are those of significant economic importance in aquaculture. Fish cell lines were initially cultured for use as a diagnostic and research tool, particularly for diagnosis of viral diseases and research focused on them. In more recent years they have been used in the fields of toxicology, gene regulation, gene expression, DNA replication and repair, and cancer research (Fryer and Lannan 1994). The increase in fish cell use can be explained by the ease with which they can be cultured. For example, fish cell lines do quite well on a passage schedule of 7–14 d (sometimes even greater) and usually do not require a change of medium between passages. This is quite in contrast to mammalian cell cultures, which require much more time and attention (Lannan 1994).
First Principles Study of Thermodynamic Properties of Lanthanum Zirconate

Abstract Lanthanum zirconia (La2Zr2O7) has become an advanced thermal barrier coating material due to its low thermal conductivity and high temperature stability. In this work, the first principles calculations were used to study the thermodynamic properties of the material. Lattice parameters, bulk and shear modulus, and specific heat of La2Zr2O7 were calculated by means of density functional theory (DFT). Hydrostatic pressure-dependent elasticity constants and bulk modulus were also studied. The thermal conductivity was calculated based on the Fourier's law. The calculated properties are in excellent agreement with the experimental and calculation results in literature.
Constitution and function of polyribosomes of poliovirus-infected HeLa cells.

Abstract Polyribosome-associated RNA of the size and base composition of viral RNA has been identified in poliovirus-infected HeLa cells, a finding which confirms the view that viral protein synthesis is under the immediate direction of replicas of the infecting RNA. In keeping with the role of polyribosomes in protein synthesis in the infected cell, these structures are also the functional units for amino acid incorporation in extracts of such cells. In further analogy to results in the intact cell, a portion of the protein labeled in vitro had the immunological character of subunits of the viral capsid. The addition of poliovirus RNA to extracts of uninfected cells stimulates the rate of amino acid incorporation no more than threefold, reflecting a relatively inefficient RNA-ribosome interaction. Despite the inefficient interaction, polyribosomal aggregates were the principal site of amino acid incorporation in extracts stimulated by added viral RNA; none of the protein labeled in vitro under these conditions, however, was demonstrably virus specific.
Comparison of ocular tissue weights (volumes) and tissue collection techniques in commonly used preclinical animal species.

Purpose Ocular pharmacokinetic and distribution studies are key elements for the development of ophthalmic drugs and are used to correlate drug levels in preclinical species with human dosages and exposures. The purpose of this study was to compare ocular tissue weights for five commonly used preclinical species using two collection techniques. Methods Standard ocular tissues were collected from five males and five females of each species; New Zealand white (NZW) and Dutch Belted (DB) rabbits, beagle dogs, Gottingen minipigs, and Cynomolgus monkeys. Two collection techniques were used; a collection from fresh eyes (OS, immediately following enucleation) or a collection from frozen eyes (OD, following flash freezing). A specific procedure and collection sequence was followed for each technique. Results Aqueous and vitreous humor, cornea, lens, iris-ciliary body, retina, choroid, and sclera were collected from each species; these tissues represented mean values of 70.0-82.0% and 84.3-88.9% of the total eye weight, respectively, for fresh and frozen collection. Tissue recovery levels were consistently higher using the frozen collection technique. Mean combined male & female vitreous humor weights using the frozen collection were 1.41, 1.31, 2.22, 2.34, and 2.04 g for NZW & DB rabbits, dogs, minipigs, and monkeys, respectively. Other tissue weights will be compared. Conclusion Comparative ocular tissue weights are presented for common preclinical species using fresh or frozen collection techniques. Vitreous humor and other tissue weights collected by the frozen technique accurately represent the weight (and volume assuming a VH density of 1) of the total tissue for comparative purposes to human vitreous volumes.
Integrating Systems-Based Practice, Community Psychiatry, and Recovery Into Residency Training

Background Behavioral health services involving multiple systems of care are increasingly being provided in community as well as hospital settings. Residents therefore should be familiar with multiple systems and the role of the psychiatrist in these systems. The authors describe a curriculum incorporating principles of systems-based practice (SBP), community psychiatry, and recovery.
Fluconazole prophylaxis in extremely low birth weight infants: association with cholestasis

Extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants are at increased risk for invasive candidiasis and associated morbidity and mortality. The use of fluconazole prophylaxis in this population has raised a benefit versus risk concern among clinicians. To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of fluconazole prophylaxis in ELBW infants. ELBW infants (BW⩾1000 g) born during the pre-prophylaxis era (PPE, January 1998–February 2002) were compared with prophylaxis era (PE, March 2002–September 2005). Infants born during PE received fluconazole prophylaxis for 6 weeks, as long as they had intravenous access. Demographic and clinical data were collected. The two groups were compared for baseline demographics, risk factors for candidiasis, the incidence of invasive candidiasis, liver enzymes, alkaline phosphatase, and bilirubin (total and direct). Nine out of 137 infants (6.6%) developed invasive candidiasis during PPE compared to none of 140 (0%) during PE (P=0.006). During PE, 60/140 (42.9%) infants developed conjugated hyperbilirubinemia compared to 12/137 (8.8%) during PPE (P<0.001). Although a fluconazole prophylaxis regimen for ELBW infants was effective in preventing invasive candidiasis, an increase in the incidence of conjugated hyperbilirubinemia was observed. Further studies are needed to evaluate the safety of fluconazole prophylaxis in this population.
Sustainable Societies in the Information Age

This article interweaves the ideas of sustainable development, sustainable societies, and the power of advanced information technologies toward developing recommendations for social science research on information technology in society. Worldwide concern has arisen over the potentially catastrophic consequences of global climate and environmental change. As a result, sustainable development (i.e., the simultaneous protection of both the global environment and the global economy) is receiving considerable attention. Necessary for achieving sustainable development are sustainable societies, which are capable of designing, implementing, managing and evaluating long-term environmental programs. This article presents ten characteristics that describe sustainable societies and discusses how information technologies, from wireless personal digital assistants to intelligent agents to multi-media database systems, could support the evolution of sustainable societies. Topics for social science research related to designing and ameliorating the negative consequences of eight hypothetical computer-based systems are presented.
Neurenteric cyst: Current management

Two newborn infants with neurenteric cysts have been evaluated with recently developed imaging techniques. Magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography can provide the evaluations needed to facilitate removal of the entire cyst at one operation. Appreciation of the extent of the problem allows for expeditious evaluation and early definitive surgical intervention.
Methylation of Boron Vertices of the Cobalt Dicarbollide Anion.

The lipophilic cobalt dicarbollide anion has found uses as a weakly coordinating ion for use with Ziegler−Natta catalysts and for the extraction of dangerous radioactive isotopes from nuclear waste. A hexamethyl derivative is described which should have similar or enhanced lipophilicity, as well as methyl groups which block the B-verticies most likely to coordinate to cations or function as reaction sites during γ-ray irradiation.
An 11 Gb/s 2.4 mW Half-Rate Sampling 2-Tap DFE Receiver in 6Snm CMOS

A 2-tap DFE receiver, implemented in a standard digital 65 nm bulk CMOS process, is aggressively optimized for low power and area. The 0.22 mW/Gbps power/speed ratio of the receiver and core area of 30 mum times 40 mum are achieved by using a half-rate architecture, a sampling front end, soft-decision direct feedback equalization and rail-to-rail CMOS clocking. At 11 Gb/s (2.6mA from 0.9V supply), the BER is less than 10-14 with a PRBS7 test sequence passing through a 30" channel (15dB of loss at 5.5GHz).
Identification of mouse chromosomes required for murine leukemia virus replication

Abstract The replication patterns of five ecotropic and two amphotropic strains of murine leukemia virus (MuLV) were studied by infecting 41 Chinese hamster x mounse hybrid primary clones segregating mouse (Mus musculus) chromosomes. Ecotropic and amphotropic strains replicated in mouse and some hybrid cells, but not in hamster cells, indicating that replication of exogenous virus requires dominantly expressed mouse cellular genes. The patterns of replication of the five ecotropic strains in hybrid clones were similar; the patterns of replication of the two amphotropic strains were also similar. When compared to each other, however, the replication patterns of ecotropic and amphotropic viruses were dissimilar, indicating that these two classes of MuLV require different mouse chromosomes for replication. Chromosome and isozyme analyses assigned a gene, Rec-1 (replication of ecotropic virus), to mouse chromosome 5 that is necessary and may be sufficient for ecotropic virus replication. Because of preferential retention of mouse chromosomes 15 and 17 in the hybrid clones, however, the possibility that these chromosomes carry genes that are necessary but not sufficient for ecotropic virus replication cannot be excluded. Similarly, the data indicate that mouse chromosome 8 (or possibly 19) carried a gene we have designated Ram-1 (replication of amphotropic virus) which is necessary and may be sufficient for amphotropic virus replication. Because chromosomes 8 and 19 tended to segregate together and two of the three clones excluding 19 have chromosome reaggrangements, we cannot exclude 19 as being independent of amphotropic virus replication. In addition, because of preferential retention, chromosomes 7, 12, 15, 16 and 17 cannot be excluded as being necessary but not sufficient. Hybrid cell genetic studies confirm the assignment of the Fv-1 locus to chromosome 4 previously made by sexual genetics. In addition, our results demonstrate that hybrid cells which have segregated mouse chromosome 4 but have retained 5 become permissive for replication of both N and B tropic strains of MuLV.
CSinParallel: using map-reduce to teach parallel programming concepts across the CS curriculum (abstract only)

Map-reduce, the cornerstone computational framework for cloud computing applications, has star appeal to draw students to the study of parallelism. Participants will carry out hands-on exercises designed for students at CS1/intermediate/advanced levels that introduce data-intensive scalable computing concepts, using WebMapReduce (WMR), a simplified open-source interface to the widely used Hadoop map-reduce programming environment. These hands-on exercises enable students to perform data-intensive scalable computations carried out on the most widely deployed map-reduce framework, used by Facebook, Microsoft, Yahoo, and other companies. WMR supports programming in a choice of languages (including Java, Python, C++, C#, Scheme); participants will be able to try exercises with languages of their choice. Workshop includes brief introduction to direct Hadoop programming, and information about access to cluster resources supporting WMR. Workshop materials will reside on csinparallel.org, along with WMR software. Intended audience: CS instructors. Laptop required (Windows, Mac, or Linux).
Virus-Induced Chaperone-Enriched (VICE) Domains Function as Nuclear Protein Quality Control Centers during HSV-1 Infection

Virus-Induced Chaperone-Enriched (VICE) domains form adjacent to nuclear viral replication compartments (RC) during the early stages of HSV-1 infection. Between 2 and 3 hours post infection at a MOI of 10, host protein quality control machinery such as molecular chaperones (e.g. Hsc70), the 20S proteasome and ubiquitin are reorganized from a diffuse nuclear distribution pattern to sequestration in VICE domains. The observation that VICE domains contain putative misfolded proteins suggests that they may be similar to nuclear inclusion bodies that form under conditions in which the protein quality control machinery is overwhelmed by the presence of misfolded proteins. The detection of Hsc70 in VICE domains, but not in nuclear inclusion bodies, indicates that Hsc70 is specifically reorganized by HSV-1 infection. We hypothesize that HSV-1 infection induces the formation of nuclear protein quality control centers to remodel or degrade aberrant nuclear proteins that would otherwise interfere with productive infection. Detection of proteolytic activity in VICE domains suggests that substrates may be degraded by the 20S proteasome in VICE domains. FRAP analysis reveals that GFP-Hsc70 is dynamically associated with VICE domains, suggesting a role for Hsc70 in scanning the infected nucleus for misfolded proteins. During 42°C heat shock, Hsc70 is redistributed from VICE domains into RC perhaps to remodel viral replication and regulatory proteins that have become insoluble in these compartments. The experiments presented in this paper suggest that VICE domains are nuclear protein quality control centers that are modified by HSV-1 to promote productive infection.
Perceptron type learning algorithms in nonseparable situations.

Modified perceptron procedure for nonseparable cases, minimizing error probability and introducing reinforcement factors
Inositol trisphosphate releases intracellularly stored calcium and modulates ion channels in molluscan neurons

Stimulation of the bag cell neurons of Aplysia triggers a long-lasting afterdischarge in these cells. In vivo, such a discharge causes the onset of a sequence of reproductive behaviors. We have found that treatments that trigger discharges in vitro stimulate the hydrolysis of phosphoinositides in the bag cell neurons, as measured by increased incorporation of 3H-inositol into fractions containing membrane lipids and water-soluble inositol phosphates. The electrophysiological effects of inositol trisphosphate, one of the products of phosphoinositide turnover that has been shown to mobilize intracellular calcium in non- neuronal cells, were investigated using isolated bag cell neurons in cell culture. Microinjection of inositol trisphosphate into cultured bag cell neurons caused a transient hyperpolarization of the membrane (approximately 35 sec), together with an increase in conductance. This effect of inositol trisphosphate was abolished by 50 mM tetraethylammonium ions. Inositol trisphosphate also reduced the amplitude of action potentials. Injection of calcium ions directly into bag cell neurons mimicked these responses seen after inositol trisphosphate injection. Using the cell-attached patch-clamp technique in conjunction with inositol trisphosphate microinjection, we observed that inositol trisphosphate evoked increases in the activity of a channel carrying outward current at the resting potential and more positive potentials. The estimated slope conductance of the channel modulated by inositol trisphosphate was approximately 40 pS, and its reversal potential was close to that predicted for potassium ions. The increased opening of this channel in response to inositol trisphosphate injection appeared to result from a transient shift of its voltage- dependence to more negative potentials. In a few cases, inositol trisphosphate injection also elicited an increase in the activity of a channel passing inward current at rest. Direct measurements of changes in intracellular calcium in response to inositol trisphosphate were made using digital imaging of isolated neurons loaded with the fluorescent calcium indicator fura-2. These revealed that injection of inositol trisphosphate significantly elevated intracellular calcium levels, and that this inositol trisphosphate-induced rise in cytosolic calcium was not affected by removal of extracellular calcium. In contrast to the effects of trains of action potentials in calcium- containing media, which produced increases in calcium primarily in neurites, the inositol trisphosphate-induced elevation of calcium appeared more localized to the somata of these neurons.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Testing of new-generation carbon fiber/toughened resin epoxy systems

Four commercially available carbon fiber/prepreg systems were processed and subjected to NASA's proposed standard tests for toughened resins. Narmco Materials Inc. Rigidite T300/5208 was included as a baseline, while the other three systems employed Hercules' IM6 fiber in newgeneration resin systems. Descriptions of the tests, including open-hole tension and compression, compression after impact, double cantilever beam, and edge delamination tension, as well as results are presented.
Who, What, When, Where, Why? Comparing Multiple Approaches to the Cross-Lingual 5W Task

Cross-lingual tasks are especially difficult due to the compounding effect of errors in language processing and errors in machine translation (MT). In this paper, we present an error analysis of a new cross-lingual task: the 5W task, a sentence-level understanding task which seeks to return the English 5W's (Who, What, When, Where and Why) corresponding to a Chinese sentence. We analyze systems that we developed, identifying specific problems in language processing and MT that cause errors. The best cross-lingual 5W system was still 19% worse than the best monolingual 5W system, which shows that MT significantly degrades sentence-level understanding. Neither source-language nor target-language analysis was able to circumvent problems in MT, although each approach had advantages relative to the other. A detailed error analysis across multiple systems suggests directions for future research on the problem.
Emergent Forms of Life: Anthropologies of Late or Postmodernities

▪ Abstract Anthropologies of late modernity (also called postmodernity, postindustrial society, knowledge society, or information society) provide a number of stimulating challenges for all levels of social, cultural, and psychological theory, as well as for ethnographic and other genres of anthropological writing. Three key overlapping arenas of attention are the centrality of science and technology; decolonization, postcolonialism, and the reconstruction of societies after social trauma; and the role of the new electronic and visual media. The most important challenges of contemporary ethnographic practice include more than merely (a) the techniques of multilocale or multisited ethnography for strategically accessing different points in broadly spread processes, (b) the techniques of multivocal or multiaudience-addressed texts for mapping and acknowledging with greater precision the situatedness of knowledge, (c) the reworking of traditional notions of comparative work for a world that is increasingly a...
Behavioural activation for the treatment of low-income, African American adolescents with major depressive disorder: a case series.

Behavioural activation (BA) is a psychosocial treatment that has shown promise in the treatment of adults suffering from major depressive disorder (MDD). Recent studies have shown that BA may also be effective for treating depressed adolescents. There are no studies that have reported on the BA treatment of depressed and low-income African American adolescents; thus, the current study reports on the effectiveness of a version of BA adapted for the treatment of African American adolescents who were diagnosed with MDD (n = 3). Participants were allowed to attend a maximum of 17 sessions of weekly psychotherapy. Based on results taken from structured interviews, two of the three participants no longer met criteria for MDD at the end of treatment, and the severity of clinician-rated depressive symptoms and impairment decreased for all participants at post-treatment assessment. Additionally, all participants and their caregivers reported satisfaction with treatment. Implications of these findings, study limitations and suggestions for future directions are discussed.
A Quick-Reference Guide to Text-Based Systems for the Basic Marketing Course

This article examines 23 basic marketing texts, comparing them with respect to text information, instructor's materials, test bank, student workbook/study guide, and separate casebook.
African American Communication Research: Toward a Deeper Understanding of Interethnic Communication.

This paper attempts to review the existing literature on African American communication and evaluate its productivity at increasing more effective interethnic communication. Several limitations and...
2006-2007 National Health Law Moot Court Competition: best brief.

No. 06-1765 ∗ ∗This document was judged Best Brief submitted to the 2006-2007 National Health Law Moot Court Competition. This brief was submitted by students Brent A. Sumner and Heather P. McCollu...
ASSESSING STRUCTURAL CHANGE IN THE DEMAND FOR FOOD COMMODITIES

by a degree of confusion and anxiety that later gives structur to one cha.racterize by a^ reexaminationofthose tractibility of obtaining direct evidence on structural way to one characterized by a reexamination of those . iway to on hrceie b a rexmnto o toe change via conventional procedures. I propose and ilrules and the bases for them. The numerous changes, rules ad te b s fr t . Te num us c , lustrate an alternative, indirect approach that provides some of large magnitude, that have occurred in our useful information on structural change that may wareconomic environment appear to have resulted in a i .••~ .~ .u~
BEHAVIORAL SUPPORT FOR SYSTEMATIC DESENSITIZATION FOR COMMUNICATION APPREHENSION

This study reports two experiments designed to further our understanding of the effects of systematic desensitization (SD) training on college students. Experiment 1 demonstrates that students who participate in SD report significantly higher self-esteem after doing so. Experiment 2 provides behavioral support for SD. Using Mulac and Sherman's BASA scale, it was discovered that students who successfully completed the SD program exhibited more verbal fluency and less rigidity in their speeches than did those students who were originally as anxious but did not join the program. Also included was the measurement of a student's predisposition towards verbal behavior. Mortensen, Arntson, and Lustig's scale was used to measure this predisposition. The results showed, however, that students in SD did not differ significantly from those who chose not to join SD.
Shift Work and Child Behavioral Outcomes

Using a large, contemporary U.S. dataset, the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth-Child Supplement, this paper explores the relationship between maternal shift work and the behavioral outcomes of children aged 4 to 10. Special attention was given to subgroups of children (e.g., based on family type, family income, and mother's occupation and working hours) and the patterns of parental work schedules and work hours. Regression results suggest that maternal shift work may contribute to more behavioral problems. Of all children whose mothers worked non-day shifts, the strongest associations were found for children who lived in single-mother or low-income families, whose mothers worked in cashier or service occupations, and whose mothers worked non-day shifts full-time. Implications for future research are discussed.
A study of single-sided linear induction motor performance with solid iron secondaries

A computer model is described that predicts the reaction forces developed by single-sided linear induction motors (SLIM's) with solid iron secondaries. The model predictions are compared with test results obtained from three separate SLIM investigations covering a wide range of operating conditions and SLIM design parameters. The results demonstrate the basic validity of the model and its applicability for magnetic levitation (Maglev) optimization and analysis.
Umbilical Cord Blood: An Evolving Stem Cell Source for Sickle Cell Disease Transplants

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation has proven benefit in controlling sickle cell disease-related vasculopathy and organ damage. Myeloablative matched sibling donor cord transplants have excellent outcomes in sickle cell disease. Unrelated donor transplant options are often deferred because of a lack of suitable human leukocyte antigen-matched donors, a problem especially relevant to minority populations. Umbilical cord blood transplantation allows for more mismatching from the graft-versus-host disease perspective and the donor pool is expandable with effort and education. Drawbacks such as increased rates of graft rejection, a fixed cell dose, delayed immune reconstitution, and transplant-related mortality have deterred unrelated cord transplant efforts. However, the transplant community continues to make enormous strides in this transplant realm in areas of immunogenetics, stem cell expansion, conditioning regimens, and supportive care. This has allowed the development of new studies that are currently ongoing, exploring ways to make cord blood transplantation successful and safer. The goal is to make unrelated donor cord blood transplantation for sickle cell disease merit early consideration in patients who stand to benefit from this approach.
Peer Crowd Affiliation and Internalizing Distress in Childhood and Adolescence: A Longitudinal Follow-Back Study

Concurrent and longitudinal associations between peer crowd affiliation and internalized distress were examined in a sample of 246 youth (148 girls, 98 boys). Children completed measures of depression, social anxiety, loneliness, and self-esteem when they were in grades 4 to 6 (Time 1), and again 6 years later during adolescence (grades 10 – 12; Time 2). At Time 2, adolescents also reported their self-concept and their identification with reputation-based peer crowds, including Populars, Jocks, Brains, Burnouts, Non-Conformists, and None/Average crowds. Results indicated that adolescents' report of peer crowd affiliation was concurrently associated with self-concept and levels of internalizing distress. Follow-back analyses of internalizing trajectories revealed that Populars/Jocks had experienced significant declines in internalizing distress across development, whereas Brains exhibited some increases in internalizing distress between childhood and adolescence.