cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The interactions of Rose Bengal and other aromatic anionic dyes with mannitol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase fromEscherichia coli

The interaction of Rose Bengal with mannitol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase has been investigated. Binding of this aromatic anionic dye causes a quenching of the protein fluorescence and various changes in the spectral properties of the dye. As is the case with other dehydrogenases, the titration of the enzyme with Rose Bengal, monitoring enhancement in the dye fluorescence at 590 nm, or quenching of the protein fluorescence, can be described by a simple binding model: one dye binding site per enzyme subunit with a dissociation constant of ∼2 µM. However, kinetic studies indicate a more complex scheme, since Rose Bengal induces a biphasic time-dependent inhibition of the enzyme. The first phase is over in 1–5 min and is partially reversible, while the second phase is essentially irreversible and continues beyond 1 h. The dyes 8-anilino-1-naphthalene sulfonate and 2-p-toluidinylnaphthalene-6-sulfonate also cause biphasic time-dependent inhibitions of the enzyme. Only mannitol-1-phosphate, and fructose-6-phosphate in the presence of NAD+, show high levels of protection against these inhibitory processes. The different effects of coenzymes and substrates on the dye-induced inhibitions support earlier observations from fluorescence studies (preceding paper). A binding scheme describing the interactions of Rose Bengal with the enzyme that is consistent with the experimental results is presented.
The social composition of the Communist nomenklatura: A comparison of Russia, Poland, and Hungary

Reflecting, in conclusion, upon the significance of our inquiry into the social origins of the nomenklatura, we suggest that the main reason the term nomenklatura remains a loaded one in East European political discourse is that it raises the question of what the Communist period in East Europe meant, and what it might mean now. Was Communism an artificial break in the “organic” history of these societies, a history that now resumes? Or, were Communist institutions deeply embedded in the social logic of East European development in ways that mean the Communist legacy will endure into postcommunism? Our usage of the term “upper class” was calculated precisely to capture this notion of embeddedness. We argue that in some East European countries, most notably Russia, and probably Hungary as well, where the Communist elite became an organic component of the emerging social order as an upper class, it is not enough to ask if the Communistelites have “reproduced” or “circulated.” Whether an upper class existed, and to what degree, forms the class context of personnel changes: a lot of circulation at the individual level, for example, may mean nothing but the reproduction of privileges and advantages institutionalized during the Communist period via the upper class. Reproduction on the individual level, on the other hand, may indicate precisely the opposite; that an upper class did not form and therefore nomenklatura members were unable to enjoy such institutionalized mechanisms during the transition to postcommunism. To put it in the language of our introduction: to answer the question of whether the Communists are still in power, one has first to determine what kind of a social order Communism was in each country. It was these different social orders, comprising concrete groups and group identities, as distinct from the mechanisms of surplus allocation or the individuals who staffed them, which may have been left intact through the post-Communist transition.
Nonorthopaedic problems in the aquatic athlete

This article discusses a number of medical conditions that are common to aquatic athletes. Exercise-induced asthma is particularly prevalent in swimmers because swimming is among the activities tolerated best by asthmatics. The healthcare professional frequently must evaluate and manage respiratory infections and infectious mononucleosis in swimmers, particularly in regard to the safe timing of return to training and competition. Dilutional sports pseudoanemia must be differentiated from the true anemias that are due mostly to iron-deficiency and intravascular hemolysis. Finally, the evaluation, management, and prevention of otitis externa, external auditory canal exostoses, and dermatologic disorders in swimmers are reviewed.
The extraordinary striated outcrop at Saqsaywamán, Peru: Discussion and reply

No Abstract Available. *Deceased. The article discussed was published in the Bulletin , v. 89, p. 494–503.
Development of a lunar-source imaging GFCR for measurement of tropospheric carbon monoxide

The purpose of this research is to develop a system that can accurately quantify carbon monoxide (CO) concentrations over very small regions in the troposphere by using a gas filter correlation radiometric (GFCR) system and utilizing the Moon as the infrared source. GFCR is an established method of remotely sensing the concentrations of atmospheric gases. The measurement is made by correlating a narrow-band infrared image of the source, taken through a gas filter cell (containing a known pressure of the gas), to an image taken through an evacuated filter cell. Although the GFCR technology was originally developed for use on satellites looking down at the Earth, this study takes the measurement from the Earth looking up at the Moon. An ancillary purpose of this study is to image the surface of the Moon over a narrow wave band (approximately 2102-2183 cm-1) on a large format focal plane array, and to attempt to characterize the surface as an infrared emitter.© (2001) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Wound healing following radiation therapy: a review

Radiation therapy may interrupt normal wound healing mechanisms. Changes in vasculature, effects on fibroblasts, and varying levels of regulatory growth factors result in the potential for altered wound healing whether radiation is given before or after surgery. Surgical factors, such as incision size, as well as radiation parameters, including dose and fractionation, are important considerations in developing overall treatment plans. Experience suggests that certain practical measures may diminish the risk of morbidity, and investigations are ongoing.
Local constancy of dimensions of Hecke eigenspaces of automorphic forms

Abstract We use a method of Buzzard to study p -adic families of Hilbert modular forms and modular forms over imaginary quadratic fields. In the case of Hilbert modular forms, we get local constancy of dimensions of spaces of fixed slope and varying weight. For imaginary quadratic fields we obtain bounds independent of the weight on the dimensions of such spaces.
Computer control of broadly tunable lasers: conversion of a color center laser into a high resolution laser spectrometer

The conversion of a commercial color center laser (Burleigh FCL-20) into a computer-controlled high resolution laser spectrometer is described. The techniques and methods developed are generally useful for the control of any broadly tunable cw laser. Superposition of several kinds of computer-controlled feedback upon a table look-up (feed-forward) procedure is used for each of the control elements. This feedback removes the coupling between the tuning elements and eliminates the effects of the nonideal properties of the control elements such as PZT hysteresis and creep. The resulting spectrometer is capable of acquiring high resolution (instrumentally limited by free running laser jitter to ~3 MHz) spectra which can be precisely measured (~0.0003 cm−1). The spectrometer has routinely made continuous single-mode scans of 30,000 points separated by 10 MHz covering 10 cm−1.
Microdistribution and water loss resistances of selected bryophytes in an Alaskan Eriophorum tussock tundra

Bryophyte species distributions were analyzed with respect to microtopography at an alpine tundra site in central Alaska which is dominated by tussocks of Eriophorum vaginatum. Bryophyte distributions were found to be significantly correlated with slope but not with azimuth. Different types of tussocks and hollows and mats between tussocks also supported different bryophyte floras. Water loss resistances of three species of moss did not account for differences in their distributions.
Calcium Exchange in a Single Layer of Rat Cardiac Cells Studied by Direct Counting of Cellular Activity of Labeled Calcium

Calcium exchange was studied in rat cardiac cells grown in tissue culture. A new technique was employed which depended on the growth of a single layer of cells on the surface of a slide composed of glass scintillator material. The cells remained actively contractile on the glass surface. The pattern of 45Ca uptake and washout from the preparation was defined and found to be reproducible. Low Na+ perfusion rapidly augmented 45Ca uptake in the cultured cells. An increment in 45Ca uptake (65 µmoles Ca2+/kg cells) occurred within 6 seconds of the start of low Na+ perfusion.
Low voltage tunnel transistor architecture and its viability for energy efficient logic applications

Since 1926 it is well accepted that the continuous nonzero nature of solutions to Schrodinger's wave equation used to represent electrons, even in classically forbidden regions of negative kinetic energy, allows for a finite and tunable probability of tunneling from one classically allowed region to another (for example band to band tunneling in a semiconductor). We have recently initiated the investigation of a novel transistor architecture based on such tunneling mechanism as a step towards exploring steep switching transistors for energy efficient logic applications. In this seminar, I will attempt to address the following topics regarding the tunnel transistor architecture: a) the choice of appropriate materials to tune the transfer characteristics over a specified gate swing b) the characteristic screening lengths to observe saturation in the output characteristics of the device needed to provide gain c) an effective way to estimate the switching speed of such devices and d) the importance (if any) of nonequilibrium carrier dynamics on the device terminal characteristics.
Diffusion Coefficients Significant in Modeling the Absorption Rate of Carbon Dioxide into Aqueous Blends of N-Methyldiethanolamine and Diethanolamine and of Hydrogen Sulfide into Aqueous N-Methyldiethanolamine

Absorption rates of gaseous CO2 into aqueous blends of N-methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) and diethanolamine (DEA) and of gaseous H2S into aqueous MDEA were measured in a quiescent, inverted-tube diffusiometer by monitoring the rate of pressure drop. A numerical model for absorption, diffusion, and reaction of CO2 and H2S in blends of MDEA, DEA, and water was developed. The model was used to regress diffusion coefficients of bicarbonate, carbamate, and MDEAH2CO3 for the case of CO2 absorption and of bisulfide ion for the case of H2S absorption from measured absorption rates. CO2 absorption rates and diffusion coefficients of bicarbonate, carbamate, and MDEAH2CO3 were obtained at 298.2 K and 318.2 K in aqueous solutions containing 50 mass % total amine at DEA:MDEA mole ratios of 1:20, 1:4, 1:3, and 2:3. H2S absorption rates and diffusion coefficients of bisulfide ion were obtained at 298.2 K and 318.2 K in aqueous solutions containing 20, 35, and 50 mass % MDEA.
Fixed-b Subsampling and Block Bootstrap: Improved Condence Sets Based on P-value Calibration

Subsampling and block-based bootstrap methods have been used in a wide range of inference problems for time series. To accommodate the dependence, these resampling methods involve a bandwidth parameter, such as subsampling window width and block size in the block-based bootstrap. In empirical work, using different bandwidth parameters could lead to different inference results, but the traditional first order asymptotic theory does not capture the choice of the bandwidth. In this article, we propose to adopt the fixed-b approach, as advocated by Kiefer and Vogelsang (2005) in the heteroscedasticity-autocorrelation robust testing context, to account for the influence of the bandwidth on the inference. Under the fixed-b asymptotic framework, we derive the asymptotic null distribution of the p-values for subsampling and the moving block bootstrap, and further propose a calibration of the traditional small-b based confidence intervals (regions, bands) and tests. Our treatment is fairly general as it includes both finite dimensional parameters and infinite dimensional parameters, such as marginal distribution function and normalized spectral distribution function. Simulation results show that the fixed-b approach is more accurate than the traditional small-b approach in terms of approximating the finite sample distribution, and that the calibrated confidence sets tend to have smaller coverage errors than the uncalibrated counterparts.
Host and environmental factors affect pulmonary responses measured in bronchoalveolar lavage

AbstractContext: Bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) is used to measure pulmonary effects in inhalational exposure studies.Objectives: To determine how host and background environmental factors may affect pulmonary responses in BAL.Materials and methods: We retrospectively analyzed 77 healthy non-smoking volunteers (38 males and 39 females, age 18–35) who participated in a bronchoscopy study to donate cells for in vitro studies. BAL was performed by lavaging one subsegment of both the lingular segment of the left upper lobe and the right middle lobe with 250 ml of sterile normal saline each. We obtained temperature, relative humidity, ambient O3, PM2.5 and PM10 levels from monitor stations in Durham area in North Carolina. We correlated concentrations of leptin, adiponectin, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), interleukin (IL)-8, ferritin and total lavaged cells in BAL samples with body mass index (BMI), age, ambient O3, PM2.5, PM10, temperature and relative humidity.Results: Increased BMI ...
Understanding Guyton's venous return curves.

Based on observations that as cardiac output (as determined by an artificial pump) was experimentally increased the right atrial pressure decreased, Arthur Guyton and coworkers proposed an interpre...
Towards stronger event detection in sparse coverage sensor networks

This paper concerns an issue that, given a certain amount of sensors, how to organize sparse coverage so that the sensor network has greater ability of event detection and fault tolerance. Existing sparse coverage sensor networks often concern stochastic coverage. Unauthorized travelers may pass through the randomly deployed sensors without being detected. Barrier coverage is a model of in-belt stochastic coverage. We apply barrier coverage on a network scale to form sparse coverage. Our approach constructs a lattice coverage sensor network, in which a Field of Interest is enclosed into multiple sub-spaces using barrier coverage. We present an evaluation of the event detection by modeling the event generation and target mobility. Comparing with stochastic coverage, the lattice coverage exhibits better performance concerning event detection ability and efficiency.
An ADC-BiST scheme using sequential code analysis

This paper presents a built-in self-test (BiST) scheme for analog to digital converters (ADC) based on a linear ramp generator and efficient output analysis. The proposed analysis method is an alternative to histogram based analysis techniques to provide test time improvements, especially when the resources are scarce. In addition to the measurement of DNL and INL, non-monotonic behavior can also be detected with the proposed technique. We present two implementation options based on how much on-chip resources are available. The ramp generator has a high linearity over a full-scale range of 1V and the generated ramp signal is capable of testing 13 --- bit ADCs. The circuit implementation of the ramp generator utilizes a feedback configuration to improve the linearity having an area of 0.017mm2 in 0.5μm process.
Adaptive sensing and target tracking of a simple point target with online measurement selection

In previous work we considered the problem of estimating target location parameters using an adaptive sensing paradigm, wherein one attempts to choose the most informative measurement from a set of possibilities characterized by a linear measurement matrix. Here we extend that work to target tracking. At each step in a discrete-time Bayesian filter, a measurement matrix is chosen to illuminate in some near-optimal manner the space of target response vectors in accordance with the prior distribution on the target position. Two methods are proposed. One is based on approximating the manifold of array response vectors as a Euclidean space, and minimizing the Bayesian Cramer-Rao bound on the unknown parameter. The second chooses the rows of the measurement matrix equal to target response vectors at different values of parameter, distributed according to the square root of the prior probability density function for the target location. Performance improvements relative to nonadaptive target tracking methods are quantified for a small number of simulations.
Gleaning Wisdom in the Research on Caring

Light is the metaphor for wisdom; we seek and turn toward light as we seek and reach for wisdom, personally and professionally. The purpose of human life is, as Jung noted, kindling the light of meaning to illuminate the darkness. Nursing caring, focusing on the wholeness of persons regardless of life experiences, events, or circumstances, is intimately bound with wisdom, acquired both professionally and personally. In order to glean the wisdom reflected in current nursing research on caring, the author reviewed studies conducted from 2003 to 2008. Only a sampling of the 99 studies found are included here. Patients, students, nurse leaders, and administrators were asked what caring means and how it can be improved; ways to measure and evaluate caring were tested. This body of work can be used to enlighten nurses on the process of caring and how we teach our students to care.
Inhibition of calcitonin secretion by exogenous calcitonin in the rat.

The effect of synthetic salmon calcitonin (CT) on calcium- and pentagastrin-stimulated plasma CT was investigated in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Plasma samples were obtained before and 3 and 6 min after calcium (1 mg/100 g BW, iv) or pentagastrin (5 μg/100 g BW, iv) infusion. Although salmon CT at the dose of 0.4 MRC U/100 g BW administered 15 min before either the calcium or pentagastrin infusion did not influence circulating endogenous CT levels, salmon CT in doses of 4 and 20 U/100 g BW administered 15 min before the injection of secretogogues significantly reduced the response of CT to either calcium or pentagastrin without significantly changing plasma calcium levels from those of control animals. Salmon CT (20 U/100 g BW) given 5 min before pentagastrin infusion again significantly suppressed the response of plasma CT to this stimulus. Similarly, salmon CT administered chronically in a dose of 2 U/100 g BW for 28 days significantly reduced the response of CT to the calcium infusion. These data suggest...
A Verilog-A compact model for ESD protection NMOSTs

We present a simulator-independent, compact model of the ESD protection NMOST, suitable for circuit-level simulation. The Verilog-A language is used for the model development. Small-signal and large-signal models are provided to ensure accurate ac and transient simulation. Improved avalanche multiplication factor equations are used to avoid convergence problems.
THE GREATEST COMMON QUOTIENT OF BOREL{SERRE AND THE TOROIDAL COMPACTIFICATIONS OF LOCALLY SYMMETRIC SPACES

In this paper, we identify the greatest common quotient (GCQ) of the Borel-Serre compactification and the toroidal compactifications of Hermitian locally symmetric spaces with a new compactification. Using this compactification, we completely settle a conjecture of Harris-Zucker that this GCQ is equal to the Baily-Borel compactification. We also show that the GCQ of the reductive Borel-Serre compactification and the toroidal compactifications is the Baily-Borel compactification. There are two key ingredients in the proof: ergodicity of certain adjoint action on nilmanifolds and incompatibility between the ambient linear structure and the intrinsic Riemannian structure of homothety sections of symmetric cones.
Microbiology of polymicrobial abscesses and implications for therapy

site are often polymicrobial. This review summarizes past studies published by our group on the microbiology of polymicrobial abscesses that occur at various body sites. Staphylococcus aureus and Group A β-haemolytic streptococci are the most prevalent aerobes in skin and soft tissue abscesses and are isolated at all body sites. In contrast, organisms that colonize the mucous membranes predominated in infections adjacent to these membranes. In this fashion, organisms of the gastrointestinal and cervical flora (enteric Gram-negative bacilli and Bacter- oides fragilis group) were found most often in intra-abdominal and buttock and leg lesions. Group A β-haemolytic streptococci, pigmented Prevotella and Porphyromonas spp., and Fuso- bacterium spp. were most commonly found in lesions of the mouth, head, neck and fingers. These organisms probably reached these sites from the oral cavity, where they are part of the normal flora. Drainage of the abscess is the treatment of choice. Appropriate management of these mixed aerobic and anaerobic infections may also require the administration of anti- microbials that are effective against both the aerobic and anaerobic components of the infections.
Ultrafast directional switching in photonic-crystal branched waveguides using electro-optical control

We propose and investigate ultrafast switching of light beams between different ports of a multibranch waveguide in photonic crystals. The branched waveguide is made of chains of coupled defects with degenerate states providing guided modes. Introduced at the corner of branches is a control cell made of an electro-optical active material. Depending on the symmetry of the refractive index changes, light propagation can be directed to specified direction. Dynamic changes of refractive index then provide ultrafast switching of light beams into a desired branch.
Sexual science and sexual forensics in 1920s Germany: Albert Moll as (S)expert.

Using court records involving the expert testimony of the Berlin sexologist Albert Moll, my article demonstrates that during the early 1920s a shift in the ‘epistemologies of justice’ concerning the adjudication of sex crimes took place within German courtrooms. Namely, presiding judges considered a greater number of sexual acts as punishable, despite no change in the laws themselves. Central to my argument is the role of expert testimony in practice and its critical reception. By focusing upon the rhetorical strategies presented by attorneys, judges and expert witnesses (as well as defendants themselves and their relatives), it illustrates the functions of expert and tacit knowledge in court, which were often not mutually exclusive. Moll’s stature also enabled him to translate his scientific–medical expertise into state support for his testimonies, as well as the rebuilding of an international community of sexological authorities. It was only under Moll’s leadership that the First International Sexology Congress could take place in 1926, an event that marked the apex of his prestige.
Pulse regulation control technique for integrated high-quality rectifier-regulators

The pulse regulation control scheme is presented and applied to the boost integrated flyback rectifier/energy storage dc/dc (BIFRED) converter as the most popular member of the integrated high-quality rectifier-regulators (IHQRR). In contrast to the conventional control techniques, the principal idea of pulse regulation is to regulate the output voltage using a series of high- and low-power pulses generated by the current of the input inductor, which is operating in discontinuous conduction mode (DCM). Analysis of the BIFRED converter operating in DCM is presented. Fundamentals of pulse regulation as well as its stability analysis and the estimation of the output voltage ripple are introduced. Experimental results on a prototype converter are also presented to validate the analytical and simulation results.
Job strain and trajectories of change in episodic memory before and after retirement: results from the Health and Retirement Study

Background We examined indicators of job strain in relation to level and change in episodic memory in the years leading up to as well as following retirement. Methods Our analyses centre on 3779 individuals from the nationally representative Health and Retirement Study (baseline age 57.3 years) who reported gainful employment in an occupation for 10+ years prior to retirement, and who were assessed for episodic memory performance over up to 20 years (median 8 waves over 16 years). We used ratings from the Occupational Information Network (O*Net) to score occupations for job control and job demands, and to measure job strain (job demands/job control). Results Controlling for sociodemographic characteristics, depressive symptoms, and cardiovascular disease, less job control and greater job strain were not significantly associated with change in episodic memory in the period leading up to retirement, but were associated with significantly poorer episodic memory at retirement and an accelerated rate of decline in episodic memory following retirement. The results did not vary for men and women or by self-employment status. Conclusions Job strain expressed mainly as low job control is linked to poorer episodic memory at retirement and more decline after retirement. Job characteristics appear to have implications for cognitive ageing independent of relevant confounds.
Autonomous Virtual Human Agents for Healthcare Information Support and Clinical Interviewing

This chapter discusses virtual human (VH) conversational agents to support client interaction within a healthcare context. After a brief discussion of the history of VHs in the Clinical Virtual Reality domain, applications where a VH can provide private online healthcare information and support (i.e., SimCoach) and where a VH can serve the role as a clinical interviewer (i.e., SimSensei) are presented.
The Social Design of Worklife with Computers and Networks: A Natural Systems Perspective

Publisher Summary This chapter examines how work with computer-based and networked systems can be organized in such a way as to have an effect on the quality of working life for clerical workers, administrative staff, professionals, and managers. It discusses social design of computer and communications systems to help indicate how technologies are shaped by organizations as part of a computerization effort. The consequences of computing or networking for work and workers are a byproduct of socio-technical configurations, or social designs, rather than of technology alone. The chapter examines four common conceptual models of organizational behavior: combinations of rational and natural, and open and closed systems. It conceptually integrates the analysis of workplaces that employ more traditional computing arrangements and those that use computerized networks and communication systems. It examines the study of computerization and work life within an explicit set of models drawn from sociological theories of organization and emphasizes on the tacit conceptions of organizational behavior.
Open-Source Identities: Identity and Resistance in the Work of Three Asian American Artists

This essay looks at the way three contemporary Asian American artists -- Scott Tsuchitani, Gaye Chan, and Hasan Elani -- utilize the Internet in sourcing and disseminating their work for socially engaged practices. The author connects the artistic strategies of these artists and their use of online platforms to the work of earlier socially and politically minded Asian American artists.
Full waveform inversion without low frequencies: A synthetic study

Full waveform inversion (FWI) is an optimization procedure which minimizes the waveform difference between the observed and calculated seismic data. The method, through an iterative forward modeling and inversion based on the acoustic or elastic wave equation, has recently gained wide interest with specific application in exploration and producing. FWI is wellknown for its ability to obtain high resolution and accurate subsurface models in areas with complex geological structures related to the presence of salt bodies encountered in deep water exploration. However, conventional FWI algorithms require seismic data that contains low frequencies (<5Hz). Lack of low frequencies results in unreliable velocity models for seismic imaging. In this paper, we aim to relax the low-frequency requirement of FWI and propose a technique which employs principles from sparse deconvolution in order to recover the missing low frequencies. Through a series of synthetic examples, it is shown that our proposed methodology is able to preserve and utilize the traveltime information of the original data; hence, it allows convergence of the FWI. The major advantage of this method is that it is fully automatic, involving no residual moveout or traveltime difference analysis.
Institutional Environment and the Academic Community

Every college and university (not to mention each academic unit or department within the institution) exhibits its own distinctive organizational culture. As Ann Austin observes, faculty values and behaviors are shaped in part by three distinct cultures or subcultures: that of the academic profession in general, that of a given academic discipline, and that of the institution itself.1 For many new faculty members, the process of becoming acculturated at these multiple levels becomes a quest to find out “what is important” and “how things are done around here.” Unfortunately, this task often develops into a frustrating search for answers that are neither clear nor readily apparent.
Evaluation of Polymer Compatibility with Bio-oil Produced from Thermochemical Conversion of Biomass

Large-scale production of transportation fuels and commodity chemicals through thermochemical conversion of biomass will require a better understanding of the appropriate materials of construction. Processes such as pyrolysis, solvent liquefaction, and hydrothermal processing produce oxygenated bio-oils that can damage materials commonly found in fuel and chemical production facilities. Recent investigations have examined the corrosive effects of these bio-oils on various kinds of steel, but very little effort has been given to determining their effect on polymers used for valve seats and standard gaskets. This project evaluated the performance of several common polymers used in process control equipment after exposure to a simulated thermochemical environment for 48 h. The performance of each polymer was determined by changes in its mass and cross-sectional area. An additional performance metric was the change in polymer hardness, as measured on the Shore durometer scale. All of the polymers tested exhib...
Use of radioisotopes in immunochemical research.

During the last few years isotopes have become one of the most important tools of the biochemists. Isotopically labeled molecules behave, in general, in the same manner as their unlabeled analogues. They allow us, however, to differentiate molecules formed after administration of the isotope from those formed before, and thus enable us to obtain more insight into the site and rate of formation of metabolites. Therefore, we may obtain information on the precursors of metabolites, their turn-over time and their breakdown products. For the same reason, isotopically labeled antigens have been used in immunochemical research. Tracing of isotopically labeled antigens has provided new information on their elimination from the circulation, their deposition in certain tissues or cells, their metabolic fate and their breakdown. In vitro experiments with labeled antigens allow us to measure their incorporation into antigen-antibody complexes. In animals injected with isotopically labeled amino acids, incorporation of these amino acids into antibody molecules can be measured. This enables us to determine the rate of antibody formation. Finally, experiments with isotopically labeled complement give some information on the components of the complement complex which combine with antigen-antibody aggregates. It is clear from this short survey that the application of isotopes enables us to investigate numerous problems which were inaccessible to experimental research prior to the availability of isotopes.
Viral-Associated GN: Hepatitis C and HIV

Viruses are capable of inducing a wide spectrum of glomerular disorders that can be categorized on the basis of the duration of active viremia: acute, subacute, or chronic. The variable responses of the adaptive immune system to each time period of viral infection results mechanistically in different histologic forms of glomerular injury. The unique presence of a chronic viremic carrier state with either hepatitis C (HCV) or HIV has led to the opportunity to study in detail various pathogenic mechanisms of viral-induced glomerular injury, including direct viral infection of renal tissue and the development of circulating immune complexes composed of viral antigens that deposit along the glomerular basement membrane. Epidemiologic data show that approximately 25%–30% of all HIV patients are coinfected with HCV and 5%–10% of all HCV patients are coinfected with HIV. This situation can often lead to a challenging differential diagnosis when glomerular disease occurs in this dual-infected population and requires the clinician to be familiar with the clinical presentation, laboratory workup, and pathophysiology behind the development of renal disease for both HCV and HIV. Both of these viruses can be categorized under the new classification of infection-associated GN as opposed to being listed as causes of postinfectious GN as has previously been applied to them. Neither of these viruses lead to renal injury after a latent period of controlled and inactive viremia. The geneses of HCV- and HIV-associated glomerular diseases share a total dependence on the presence of active viral replication to sustain renal injury so the renal disease cannot be listed under “postinfectious” GN. With the new availability of direct-acting antivirals for HCV and more effective combined antiretroviral therapy for HIV, successful remission and even regression of glomerular lesions can be achieved if initiated at an early stage.
Building community resilience to violent extremism through genuine partnerships

What is community resilience in relation to violent extremism, and how can we build it? This article explores strategies to harness community assets that may contribute to preventing youth from embracing violent extremism, drawing from models of community resilience as defined in relation to disaster preparedness. Research suggests that social connection is at the heart of resilient communities and any strategy to increase community resilience must both harness and enhance existing social connections, and endeavor to not damage or diminish them. First, the role of social connection within and between communities is explored. Specifically, the ways in which social bonding and social bridging can diminish risk for violence, including violent extremism, is examined. Second, research on the role of social connection between communities and institutions or governing bodies (termed social linking) is described. This research is discussed in terms of how the process of government partnering with community members can both provide systems for early intervention for violent extremism, as well as strengthen bonding and bridging social networks and in this way contribute broadly to building community resilience. Finally, community-based participatory research, a model of community engagement and partnership in research, is presented as a road map for building true partnerships and community engagement. (PsycINFO Database Record
An intervention for nonsuicidal self-injury in young adults: A pilot randomized controlled trial.

Objective Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is prevalent among young adults and associated with negative medical and psychological consequences, necessitating its treatment. However, few treatments have been developed to treat NSSI specifically, or to treat the behavior among individuals without borderline personality disorder. The purpose of this study was to investigate the Treatment for Self-Injurious Behaviors (T-SIB), a brief, behavioral intervention specifically developed to treat NSSI among young adults, in a pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT). Method Young adults (N = 33; age: M = 22.36 years, SD = 3.40) meeting inclusion and exclusion criteria were randomly assigned to the treatment (T-SIB; n = 15) or treatment as usual (n = 18) condition. The sample was 93.9% female, 42.4% Caucasian, and 30.3% Hispanic/Latino. Results Feasibility and acceptability of the study and intervention were supported, and medium effects were found for decreased NSSI frequency in the T-SIB group using intent-to-treat analyses. Conclusion Results of this study support the further evaluation of T-SIB in a larger RCT. (PsycINFO Database Record
Interdisciplinary Teaching and Sustainability: An Introduction

The concept of sustainability is a theme that is both old and new. It is old from the perspective of Native Americans whose “seven generations” thinking considers simultaneously ancestors and futur...
Routine Hematoxylin and Eosin Stain Is Specific for the Diagnosis of Cytomegalovirus Infection in Gastrointestinal Biopsy Specimens.

Background. Gastrointestinal cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is a serious complication in immunocompromised patients; clinicians often expect expedited results for biopsy specimens. Our goal is to ...
A GIANT RIGHT VENTRICULAR COMPLEX MASS IN A PATIENT WITH ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME

Coronary pseudoaneurysm is a rare complication of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). A 63-year-old male with a history of coronary artery disease with prior drug eluting stent (DES) and coronary artery bypass grafting presents with a non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Cardiac
Circulating Sialyl Compounds

A number of biologically active glycoproteins found in mammalian plasma contain sialic acid. The role(s) of sialic acid on circulating sialoglycoproteins has received much attention during the past 10–15 years. Areas of particular interest are (1) circulating sialoglycoproteins in disease and (2) the function of sialic acid in determining survival time of circulating sialoglycoproteins. Changes in the levels of plasma sialoglycoproteins have been reported in a variety of diseases (for review, Spiro, 1970; Winzler, 1971). Changes in sialic acid content of specific circulating sialoglycoproteins affect their rate of clearance from plasma (for review, Ashwell and Morell, 1975). Enzymatic, hormonal, and immunogenic activities of various sialoglycoproteins have been found to be related in some degree to their sialic acid content. This chapter will not attempt to review all the work that has been done on circulating sialoglycoproteins, but will restrict itself to aspects of the following: (a) a survey of circulating sialoglycoproteins, (b) changes in plasma sialic acid levels in disease, and (c) possible biological roles for sialic acid. Synthesis and catabolism of sialic-acid-containing compounds are reviewed in Chapters 4 and 5, respectively.
An investigator-initiated phase I study of crizotinib in combination with enzalutamide in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) before or after progression on docetaxel.

e16509Background: Inhibition of the androgen receptor (AR) may de-repress c-Met, which could play a role in progression to CRPC, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance. Preclinical work has shown t...
Experimental evaluation of mail questionnaires in a probability sample on victimization

Experiments to evaluate questionnaires or methods for data collection are often conducted in the context of a probability sample that collects data from various primary sampling units or sites. Statistics used to evaluate treatment effects for these experiments have different interpretations and variances in different inferential frameworks. We discuss four frameworks for inference about treatment effects: inference to the finite population, to a superpopulation of future sites, to the mean of the site treatment effects and to individual respondents. For each framework, we consider the parameters of interest, the properties of statistics used to estimate those parameters, and the optimal design for the experiment. We consider the four inferential frameworks for an experiment conducted on a mail survey measuring criminal victimization and community attitudes towards law enforcement. The paper concludes with a discussion of how the frameworks could be applied to other experiments.
Inferring the landscape of recombination using recurrent neural networks

Accurately inferring the genome-wide landscape of recombination rates in natural populations is a central aim in genomics, as patterns of linkage influence everything from genetic mapping to understanding evolutionary history. Here we describe ReLERNN, a deep learning method for estimating a genome-wide recombination map that is accurate even with small numbers of pooled or individually sequenced genomes. Rather than use summaries of linkage disequilibrium as its input, ReLERNN takes columns from a genotype alignment, which are then modeled as a sequence across the genome using a recurrent neural network. We demonstrate that ReLERNN improves accuracy and reduces bias relative to existing methods and maintains high accuracy in the face of demographic model misspecification, missing genotype calls, and genome inaccessibility. We apply ReLERNN to natural populations of African Drosophila melanogaster and show that genome-wide recombination landscapes, while largely correlated among populations, exhibit important population-specific differences. Lastly, we connect the inferred patterns of recombination with the frequencies of major inversions segregating in natural Drosophila populations.
"Al Esconder," Hide and Seek: RicanStructing College Choice for Puerto Rican Students in Urban Schools.

Drawing from two data sets – one focused on students in high school actively engaged in the process of college choice, the other centering the perspectives of college graduates and their parents re...
The Economic Growth and Development Outcomes Related to Vibrancy: An Empirical Analysis of Major Employment Centers in Large U.S. Cities:

Economic developers are well aware of the live-work-play dynamic affecting downtowns and many other major employment centers across the country. This study of 90 employment centers, including 48 ce...
Development of sensitive and specific immunohistochemical assays for pro-apoptotic TRAIL-receptors

4957 Targeted induction of apoptosis is an attractive approach for development of novel oncology therapeutics. One method of inducing apoptosis is through the TRAIL-Receptor family, which has five related members only two of which are pro-apoptotic, TRAIL-R1 (DR4) and TRAIL-R2 (DR5). These receptors have a cytoplasmic death-domain and signal to induce the extrinsic cell death pathway; they are also broadly expressed on many human tumors. Agonist antibodies specific for TRAIL-R1 and TRAIL-R2 are in development as potential anti-cancer therapeutics; however, the relationship of receptor expression to response to these agonist antibodies has not been established. To allow for evaluation of this relationship, immunohistochemistry (IHC) assays that detect expression of TRAIL-R1 and TRAIL-R2 in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) human tumor tissues were developed. It was critical that these assays detect TRAIL-R1 and TRAIL-R2 with great specificity and a high level of sensitivity, as tumors with low expression may be very significant as an agonist antibody target. Affinity purified rabbit polyclonal antibodies, specific for TRAIL-R1 and TRAIL-R2, were optimized using a two step assay utilizing the EnVision+® visualization system. The optimal antigen retrieval was determined to be heat induced epitope retrieval (HIER). The optimal antibody concentrations were established while employing an incubation time of 30 minutes for the TRAIL-R1 assay and 60 minutes for the TRAIL-R2 assay. The reactions were visualized with 3’3-diaminobenzidine (DAB+). Sections from FFPE pellets from cell lines previously characterized by flow cytometry for surface expression of TRAIL-R1 and TRAIL-R2 demonstrated optimal IHC staining using both assays. Similarly, tumor-enriched xenograft models showed IHC staining with minimal background staining of the surrounding non-reactive mouse tissue. Optimal staining for both TRAIL-R1 and TRAIL-R2 was observed on a wide range of human tumor specimens, including colon, lung and breast carcinoma. Staining of the tumor cells was favorable with minimal background staining in the stroma. In conclusion, sensitive and specific IHC assays have been developed for demonstration of TRAIL-R1 and TRAIL-R2 expression for use on FFPE human tumor samples. These assays allow for distinguishing between expression of TRAIL-R1 and TRAIL-R2, and are suitable for the further exploration of the relationship between TRAIL-R1 and TRAIL-R2 expression and therapeutic response to agonist antibodies.
Two-Element Biomimetic Antenna Array Design for Power Extraction / Phase Amplification Tradeoff

Two-element arrays composed of closely-spaced antennas with mutual coupling have recently been investigated in conjunction with electrical coupling networks that amplify the phase difference in the measurements. These systems have biomimetic analogies to the hearing mechanism in small insects that exhibit exceptional direction finding capabilities. Several coupling networks have been considered with varying complexity and performance relative to the fundamental tradeoff between power extraction and phase difference amplification. In this paper we present a general design method that establishes the achievable region for the power extraction/ phase amplification tradeoff, and we present a four-port Pi coupling network that realizes the entire achievable region. An example illustrates the design method for two closely-spaced dipole antennas at 40 MHz.
Contributions of cis- and trans-Regulatory Evolution to Transcriptomic Divergence across Populations in the Drosophila mojavensis Larval Brain.

Natural selection on gene expression was originally predicted to result primarily in cis- rather than trans-regulatory evolution, due to the expectation of reduced pleiotropy. Despite this, numerous studies have ascribed recent evolutionary divergence in gene expression predominantly to trans-regulation. Performing RNA-seq on single isofemale lines from genetically distinct populations of the cactophilic fly Drosophila mojavensis and their F1 hybrids, we recapitulated this pattern in both larval brains and whole bodies. However, we demonstrate that improving the measurement of brain expression divergence between populations by using seven additional genotypes considerably reduces the estimate of trans-regulatory contributions to expression evolution. We argue that the finding of trans-regulatory predominance can result from biases due to environmental variation in expression or other sources of noise, and that cis-regulation is likely a greater contributor to transcriptional evolution across D. mojavensis populations. Lastly, we merge these lines of data to identify several previously hypothesized and intriguing novel candidate genes, and suggest that the integration of regulatory and population-level transcriptomic data can provide useful filters for the identification of potentially adaptive genes.