cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An SC35-like protein and a novel serine/arginine-rich protein interact with Arabidopsis U1-70K protein.

The U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein 70-kDa protein, a U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein-specific protein, has been shown to have multiple roles in nuclear precursor mRNA processing in animals. By using the C-terminal arginine-rich region ofArabidopsis U1-70K protein in the yeast two-hybrid system, we have identified an SC35-like (SR33) and a novel plant serine/arginine-rich (SR) protein (SR45) that interact with the plant U1-70K. The SR33 and SR45 proteins share several features with SR proteins including modular domains typical of splicing factors in the SR family of proteins. However, both plant SR proteins are rich in proline, and SR45, unlike most animal SR proteins, has two distinct arginine/serine-rich domains separated by an RNA recognition motif. By using coprecipitation assays we confirmed the interaction of plant U1-70K with SR33 and SR45 proteins. Furthermore, in vivoand in vitro protein-protein interaction experiments have shown that SR33 protein interacts with itself and with SR45 protein but not with two other members (SRZ21 and SRZ22) of the SR family that are known to interact with the Arabidopsis full-length U-70K only. A Clk/Sty protein kinase (AFC-2) from Arabidopsisphosphorylated four SR proteins (SR33, SR45, SRZ21, and SRZ22). Coprecipitation studies have confirmed the interaction of SR proteins with AFC2 kinase, and the interaction between AFC2 and SR33 is modulated by the phosphorylation status of these proteins. These and our previous results suggest that the plant U1-70K interacts with at least four distinct members of the SR family including SR45 with its two arginine/serine-rich domains, and the interaction between the SR proteins and AFC2 is modulated by phosphorylation. The interaction of plant U1-70K with a novel set of proteins suggests the early stages of spliceosome assembly, and intron recognition in plants is likely to be different from animals.
Effect of snow stereology on millimeter wave extinction

A network analyzer based system was used to measure the extinction coefficient of various snow types at 26.5 to 40 GHz under controlled laboratory conditions. The snow samples were prepared using sieved snow so that the physical properties of the snow could be extensively characterized. By using sieved snow, it was possible to vary and to measure the size distribution of the disaggregated ice particles making up the snow sample. In addition, snow stereology measurements were made to obtain the microstructural properties of the snow samples. These results were then used to identify the key snow pack parameters that are required to determine the extinction behavior of a snow pack at the radar frequencies. >
Supplemental fluoride use for moderate and high caries risk adults: a systematic review.

Objectives: Multiple systematic reviews have evaluated fluorides for caries prevention in children, but a need to review the literature regarding supplemental fluoride use in adults still remains. The purpose of this systematic review is to evaluate the research regarding professional and/or supplemental self-applied fluoride for preventing and remineralizing caries in moderate and high caries risk adults. Methods: Utilizing multiple databases, a comprehensive search was undertaken in both foreign and English languages. Studies included were randomized control trials (RCT) or clinical trials conducted in moderate or high caries risk adult populations, evaluating self- or professionally applied fluoride with the outcomes of caries reduction/remineralization. Studies were excluded if they were in situ, in vitro, split mouth design, or with unclear outcomes specific to fluorides. A quality evaluation of the studies used a checklist of critical domains and elements for an RCT. Results: Seventeen studies were included in the systematic review. Findings were categorized into the following groups: sodium fluoride (NaF) and amine/potassium fluoride mouthrinses of varying strengths, NaF gels and pastes, NaF varnish, and stannous fluoride. Quality evaluation scores varied from 50.2 percent to 88.9 percent. Conclusions: The strongest studies demonstrated the following modalities as moderately effective in higher caries risk adults: low strength NaF rinses [relative risk reduction (RRR) for carious lesions: 50-148 percent]; 1.1 percent NaF pastes/gels (RRR for root lesion remineralization: 35-122 percent); fluoride varnishes [RRR for RC remineralization: 63 percent; RRR for decrease in decayed, missing, and filled surfaces: 50 percent]. Evidence regarding 1.1 percent NaF and 5 percent NaF varnishes related primarily to root caries and older adults.
Current Funding Practices in Academic Science Stifle Creativity

Money is trumping creativity in academic science. This statement was previously given substance in an article I published, along with a companion paper by Mark Roulston in the Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society (Carlson, 2006a; Roulston, 2006) and in a subsequent address I gave to the Heads and Chairs meeting in Boulder, Colorado (Carlson, 2006b). Here, I expand further on the issues treated in these papers, and make a plea for changing the way funding is administered in academic science. Using examples I show that the present worsening situation places a dead hand on the spirit and creative output of academic scientists, especially junior faculty. I suggest a possible solution, which would enable academic scientists to function in a stable environment, free from spurious financial pressures and dictates from university administration and funding agencies.
Clinical utility of routine proteinuria evaluation in treatment decisions of patients receiving bevacizumab for metastatic solid tumors.

Background:Bevacizumab is an anti-vascular endothelial growth factor monoclonal antibody approved for use in treatment of patients with metastatic breast, colorectal, and non–small cell lung cancer. In the pivotal Phase 3 clinical trials, grades 3–4 proteinuria occurred in < 5% of patients. The manufacturer recommends monitoring for the development of proteinuria but does not provide specific recommendations, except to discontinue treatment if the patient develops nephrotic syndrome.Objective:To determine the incidence and severity of elevated proteinuria and the frequency of changes in bevacizumab administration due to elevated proteinuria; secondary objectives included analysis of the cost of routine proteinuria monitoring and the relationship of proteinuria with other patient comorbidities such as diabetes, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, and viral hepatitis.Methods:A retrospective chart review was performed at the University of Washington Medical Center, a large academic teaching hospital, and i...
The Meaning of Good Parent–Child Relationships for Mexican American Adolescents

Perceptions of good parent–adolescent relationships were explored among 19 Mexican American high school students aged 14–17 who participated in focus group interviews on what it means for Mexican American teenagers to have good relationships with parents. Using a grounded theory approach, five general themes emerged in the responses, corresponding to open communication, instrumental and emotional support, indirect expressions of caring, parental control, and valued relationship qualities. Both genders described distinct relationships with mothers and fathers. Relationships with mothers were closer and more open than relationships with fathers, and mothers were seen as being more affectionate, lenient, and emotionally supportive, whereas fathers tended to express caring indirectly by providing instrumental and financial support and by just be ing there. Parental upbringing, culture, gender, and parental role expectations emerged as explanations for parents’ behavior. Theoretical, methodological, and practical implications are discussed.
Kinetics and Mechanisms for the Reactions of Phenyl Radical with Ketene and its Deuterated Isotopomer: An Experimental and Theoretical Study

Kinetics and mechanism for the reaction of phenyl radical (C6H5) with ketene (H2C beta=C alpha=O) were studied by the cavity ring-down spectrometric (CRDS) technique and hybrid DFT and ab initio molecular orbital calculations. The C6H5 transition at 504.8 nm was used to detect the consumption of the phenyl radical in the reaction. The absolute overall rate constants measured, including those for the reaction with CD2CO, can be expressed by the Arrhenius equation k = (5.9 +/- 1.8) x 10(11) exp[-(1160 +/- 100)/T] cm3 mol-1 s-1 over a temperature range of 301-474 K. The absence of a kinetic isotope effect suggests that direct hydrogen abstraction forming benzene and ketenyl radical is kinetically less favorable, in good agreement with the results of quantum chemical calculations at the G2MS//B3LYP6-31G(d) level of theory for all accessible product channels, including the above abstraction and additions to the C alpha, C beta, and O sites. For application to combustion, the rate constants were extrapolated over the temperature range of 298-2500 K under atmospheric pressure by using the predicted transition-state parameters and the adjusted entrance reaction barriers E alpha = E beta = 1.2 kcal mol-1; they can be represented by the following expression in units of cm3 mol-1 s-1: k alpha = 6.2 x 10(19)T-23 exp[-7590/T] and k beta = 3.2 x 10(4)T2.4 exp[-246/T].
In Situ Hybridization of Somatostatin and Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide mRNA in the Rat Nervous System

Expression of neuronal genes encoding specific neurotransmitters is one of the major events that occurs in the developing nervous system. The signals that regulate the expression of neurotransmitter genes during development are poorly understood. Identification of the signals and mechanisms that regulate neuronal phenotypic expression during development will be facilitated by knowing when neurotransmitter genes are activated.
Representing a Territory: Constituency Boundaries for the British House of Commons of the 1980s

In 1983, the boundary lines for constituencies of the British House of Commons were revised in the light of major shifts in population since the previous redistribution of seats. A massive proportion--nearly 90 percent--of the parliamentary constituencies were changed in some way. In this analysis of the 1983 redistribution, we examine why some constituencies have so many more people than others. Our models include a variety of independent variables impinging upon "redistribution biases"--country (England, Scotland, Wales), rounding error in assigning seats, population density, and the dominant political party in constituencies. All these variables are found to play a part in the decisions of the boundary commissions. However, although "political" in certain ways, we detected no significant direct partisan influences in the 1983 redistribution of seats.
Examination of a Junction-Box Adhesion Test for Use in Photovoltaic Module Qualification

Engineering robust adhesion of the junction-box (j-box) is a hurdle typically encountered by photovoltaic (PV) module manufacturers during product development. There are historical incidences of adverse effects (e.g., fires) caused when the j-box/adhesive/module system has failed in the field. The addition of a weight to the j-box during the “damp heat” IEC qualification test is proposed to verify the basic robustness of its adhesion system. The details of the proposed test will be described, in addition to the preliminary results obtained using representative materials and components. The described discovery experiments examine moisture-cured silicone, foam tape, and hot-melt adhesives used in conjunction with PET or glass module “substrates.” To be able to interpret the results, a set of material-level characterizations was performed, including thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and dynamic mechanical analysis. PV j-boxes were adhered to a substrate, loaded with a prescribed weight, and then placed inside an environmental chamber (at 85°C, 85% relative humidity). Some systems did not remain attached through the discovery experiments. Observed failure modes include delamination (at the j-box/adhesive or adhesive/substrate interface) and phase change/creep. The results are discussed in the context of the application requirements, in addition to the plan for the formal experiment supporting the proposed modification to the qualification test.
Natural enemies implicated in the regulation of an invasive pest: a life table analysis of the population dynamics of the emerald ash borer

The emerald ash borer Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire is a serious invasive forest pest of ash (Fraxinus) trees in North America. Life tables were constructed for both experimentally established cohorts and wild populations of planipennis on healthy host trees from 2008 to 2011 in six forests in central Michigan. 2 Life table analysis showed that the net population growth rates ( R0) for the experi- mental cohorts (16.0± 2.9) and associated wildA. planipennis (19.4 ± 1.9) were the highest for the first study period (2008-2009) at three Ingham Co. sites but decreased to 4.7 ± 0.9 and 4.6± 0.4, respectively, for the second (2009-2010) study period at the same sites. By contrast,R0 values of both experimental cohorts (5.7 ± 2.2) and associated wildA. planipennis populations (11.3± 2.5) were intermediate in the third (2010-2011) study period at different sites in the Gratiot and Shiawassee Cos. 3 The sudden decrease inR0 of both experimental and wildA. planipennis cohorts in the Ingham Co. sites corresponded with increases in parasitism by hymenopteran parasitoidsAtanycolus spp. (native) andTetrastichus planipennisi Yang (introduced), as well as an increase in woodpecker predation, indicating the role of these natural enemies in regulation of the pest's population dynamics.
Pricing to Market: Chinese Export Pricing to the USA after the Peg

In July 2005, the Chinese Government unpegged the RMB from the US dollar. As the RMB has followed a remarkably predictable appreciation over time, I examine the price of Chinese exports to the USA after unpegging the exchange rate. Results suggest that the Chinese industries with greater import market share were able to raise their prices after the removal of the pegged exchange rate regime; however, over time there is a significant deflationary trend. Chinese export prices tended to decrease under an unanticipated RMB appreciation; this effect was more pronounced for industries with more pricing flexibility. This suggests that Chinese exporters are consistently “pricing to market” and thus creating a significant foreign exchange policy implication. Specifically, a more flexible exchange rate regime will likely have little impact on the prices of Chinese exports to the USA but might increase the profit volatility of Chinese firms.
Information Asymmetry, R&D, and Insider Gains

Although researchers have documented gains from insider trading, the sources of private information leading to information asymmetry and insider gains have not been comprehensively investigated. We focus on research and development (R&D)—an increasingly important yet poorly disclosed productive input—as a potential source of insider gains. Our findings, for the period from 1985 to 1997 indicate that insider gains in R&D-intensive firms are substantially larger than insider gains in firms without R&D. Insiders also take advantage of information on planned changes in R&D budgets. R&D is thus a major contributor to information asymmetry and insider gains, raising issues concerning management compensation, incentives, and disclosure policies.
Pathopharmacology of Excessive Hemorrhage in Mifepristone Abortions

Objective:To explain a pathopharmacologic mechanism that initiates an increase in hemorrhage following medical abortions with mifepristone.Data Sources:MEDLINE, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases were searched (1990–July 2007). Key search terms were mifepristone, RU486, medical abortion hemorrhage, bleeding, inflammation, innate immune system, phagocytes, macrocytes, cytokines, interleukins, and nitric oxide.Study Selection and Data Extraction:All articles identified from the data sources were evaluated and all information deemed relevant was included for the information related to the development of the understanding of the pathopharmacology of mifepristone as the initiating cause of increased hemorrhage in medical abortions. Mifepristone's blockade of glucocorticoid receptors, prolonged generation of nitric oxide (NO), and postabortion vasodilatation of uterine vasculature by NO that favors excessive hemontiage were the criteria used to determine whether information was relevant for inclusion.Data Syn...
What a Cardiologist Needs to Know About Patients With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

Patient case: A 48-year-old man with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection developed chronic chest pain that started after a bout of pneumonia. He has hypertension and has smoked cigarettes in the past. His current medications include Kaletra and Combivir. His total cholesterol was 331 mg/L, his HDL cholesterol was 27 mg/L, his triglycerides were 935 mg/L, and his LDL cholesterol could not be calculated. How should this patient be evaluated and managed?
A 100–117 GHz W-Band CMOS Power Amplifier With On-Chip Adaptive Biasing

A W-band power amplifier (PA) has been realized in 65 nm bulk CMOS technology, which covers 100 to 117 GHz. It delivers up to 13.8 dBm saturated output power with up to 15 dB power gain and 10% PAE, which also achieves better than 10.1 dBm output P1 dB. The PA features compact realization with transformer-coupled three stages and on-chip input/output baluns to facilitate single-ended characterization. To ensure stability and boost efficiency, it adopts cascode structure in the first two stages and common source amplifier in the last stage. To improve the PAE and linearity, an adaptive biasing circuitry is incorporated inside the PA. The entire PA core occupies 0.041 mm2 die area and burns about 180 mW with the adaptive bias circuit consuming only 0.002 mm2 active chip area.
On the Acquisition of Aesthetic, Escapist, and Agentic Experiences

The present study investigated a set of eleven aesthetic and recreational activities according to the types of experiences they provide. Aesthetic, Escapist and Agentic experiences were studied. Aesthetic experiences were defined as those that absorb one's full attention and arouse one's senses and emotions to a state of transcendance. Escapist experiences were defined as those sought as desirable substitutes for a presently anxious or unpleasant state. Agentic experiences are those that the individual uses in an instrumental fashion to acquire information or learning. It was found that the dimensions underlying activity similarity for each type of experience included: presence vs. absence of a story line, nonvisual sensory stimulation, active vs. passive participation, solitary vs. group involvement and in-home vs. out-of-home setting.
Comparative Aspects of Muscle Capillary Supply

that of Schmidt-Nielsen & Pennycuik (59) on muscle capillary density in relation to animal size and oxygen consumption, and that of Romanul (57) on capillary supply and muscle fiber aerobic capacity , numerous studies have examined muscle capillarity in a variety of animals and experimental conditions. Comparative approaches are useful to investigate basic features and limits in the design of muscle capillary supply. They allow one to exploit large differences among muscles or animals in functional and metabolic characteristics, requirements, and constraints. Krogh (29) found a coarser capillary network in muscles of cold-blooded animals (cod and frog) than in warm-blooded animals of different size (horse, dog, guinea pig). Comparing capillary count s in muscles of mammals varying over a range of about 100,000-fold in body size (bat to cattle), Schmidt-Nielsen & Pennycuik (59) found a greater capillary density in the smallest animals (bat, mouse, rat), but no clear relation between capillarity and body size thereafter (rat to cattle). This article reviews current knowledge on the size and geometry of the capillary network in various muscles, with particular emphasis on the comparison of highly aerobic muscles across species and animal groups (mammal, bird, and fish). Over the last decade, there has been a number of developments in the structural assessment of muscle capillarity, as well as functional
Picosecond Studies of Unimolecular Processes

FORSTER first postulated that a number of functional groups may undergo large pK changes as a consequence of electronic excitation [1]. For example aromatic carbonyl oxygens become more basic, while phenolic hydrogens become more acidic in the excited state [2,3]. WELLER applied this theory to explain the large Stokes shift seen in the fluorescence of salicylic acid and its methyl ester [4]. Upon absorption of a photon, a change of +2 in the pK of the carbonyl oxygen and of -6 in the phenol group drives the proton across the intramolecular bond [2,3]. The resulting zwitterion fluoresces at 450 nm. The ultraviolet emission at 340 nm of salicylic acid (and methyl salicylate) was attributed to molecules in which the protons were still bound to the oxygen of the phenol group.
Hard quasiamorphous carbon -- A prospective construction material for micro-electro-mechanical systems

A new form of sp3/sp2 carbon has been fabricated which exhibits a large number of valuable properties. This material combines low density (≤1.65 g/cm3), low stress (≤0,05 GPa), low thermal expansion (1.6×10−6 K−1) with high hardness (~ 30 GPa), modulus (~ 200 GPa), cracking threshold (≥ 3 N), fracture toughness (≥ 10 MPa-m1/2), long-term thermal stability (≥ 450°C in air and ≥ 600°C without oxygen), extremely high thermal shock resistance, excellent interface and adhesion to silicon, metals, and ceramics and an absolute resistance to the silicon etching acids. Most of its properties are actually constant up to 700K. The material combines a basically amorphous structure with one-axis anisotropy and a graphite-like layered arrangement with a length scale of the modulation about 14A. We refer to this quasi-amorphous material as QUASAM. This paper describes QUASAM synthesis conditions, growth front planarity and material characterization with high-resolution x-ray diffraction, positron annihilation spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy and micro-Raman spectroscopy. In addition the mechanical and thermal examination of QUASAM and QUASAM/Si will be presnted in terms of micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) and the technology prospective requirements of MEMS.
Applying Componential Theory to the Study of Individual Differences in Cognitive Skills

Many psychological phenomena are so very complex that no single approach can do justice to their complexity. Intelligence would seem to be a prime example of such a phenomenon. No matter how one defines intelligence, its complexity seems to overwhelm the conceptual resources any one approach can bring to bear on understanding it. Even limited aspects of intelligence seem almost staggering in their complexity. Consider, for example, that aspect of intelligence measured by conventional IQ tests. If almost a century of research on IQ test performance has shown anything, it is that no simple conceptual scheme or methodological approach has led, or perhaps can lead to an understanding of all the complexities that underlie test performance. The conceptual scheme and methodology one chooses will, of course, depend in large part upon the kinds of questions one wishes to ask.
Inhibition of Legionella pneumophila multiplication within human macrophages by fleroxacin

The susceptibility of Legionella pneumophila to a new quinolone, fleroxacin, was studied in both an extra- and an intracellular system. The activity of fleroxacin was compared with that of erythromycin, cefoxitin, and rifampicin. In the extracellular system, erythromycin inhibited while cefoxitin killed the organism. Extracellularly, fleroxacin performed similarly to cefoxitin. Rifampicin was initially bactericidal for L. pneumophila but resistant bacteria emerged at 48 h. The Horwitz monocyte model was used for studies of intracellular antimicrobial activity. At ten times the MIC, cefoxitin did not inhibit intracellular L. pneumophila. Fleroxacin was as active as erythromycin and rifampicin in inhibiting intracellular L. pneumophila. No intracellular, rifampicin-resistant L. pneumophila emerged. Addition of rifampicin to cefoxotin, erythromycin or fleroxacin provided neither synergy nor antagonism.
Heterotopic oceans in Southern Chile: heritage, fisheries, and marine conservation

ABSTRACTThis article explores the ways in which hierarchical social relations contribute to the social configuration of space in the seas around the archipelago of Chiloe, in southern Chile. Heritage projects, fisheries production regimes, and efforts to install marine conservation areas through scientific research, increased popular awareness, and legal means, all contribute to the growing number of overlapping oceanic spatial projects. Each project is examined for the ways in which racialized, ethnicized, and class social orders are exercised, and for how these processes work together to deepen spatialized social hierarchy and social order. The analysis illuminates the commonalities and resonances between different kinds of quotidian oceanic spatial projects, and provides an excellent example of the ways in which coastal and territorial seas are being socially reorganized in the contemporary world.
Chief Complaint of Groin Pain: How to Take and Document a Specific Groin Pain History, Exam, and What Studies to Order

The chief complaint of groin pain is a common reason for patient encounters in both primary care and sports medicine clinics across the United States and worldwide. With a broad differential diagnosis causing both primary and secondary causes of groin pain, a thorough history and physical examination are key components of any patient’s workup. When combined with appropriate imaging studies, the cause for groin pain can accurately be diagnosed in the majority of patients. In this chapter, we will review how to take and document a thorough history and physical exam for patients with a chief complaint of groin pain.
Measurement of Stress in Steels Using Magnetically Induced Velocity Changes for Ultrasonic Waves

Because of the magnetoeiastic interaction in a ferromagnetic material, the velocity of ultrasonic waves in the material changes upon application of an external magnetic field to the material. Mechanical stresses influence the magnitude of this velocity change as well as the way the velocity change varies as a function of the applied magnetic field. This stress dependence of the magnetically induced velocity change can be used to nonde-structively determine applied and residual stresses in ferromagnetic structural steels. In this method, shear or longitudinal waves are used to determine internal stresses while surface waves are used to determine surface stresses. This paper briefly reviews the underlying physics involved in the magnetically induced velocity change phenomenon, and describes an instrumentation system used to measure such velocity changes along with examples of its stress dependence. Measurement results of residual welding stresses and surface stresses determined by using the above described method are presented as well as the capabilities and limitations of the method.
Using an agent-based model to study the effect of reproductive skew on mongoose populations

Reproductive skew is the unequal partitioning of breeding within social groups. Mating hierarchies emerge wherein one dominant mating pair holds an unproportional majority of the group's reproductive benefit, while other members mate infrequently, yet allocate energy and resources toward the offspring of the dominant group members. In this paper, we use an agent-based model, which mimics mongoose populations, to investigate the effect of reproductive skew, specifically how reproductive skew affects how quickly individuals can become adapted to their environment. The results of the model show that reproductive skew does increase the rate of natural selection, which has possible practical implications in conservation biology.
Blastomycosis of the Genitourinary Tract

In a retrospective study of 51 cases of systemic North American blastomycosis 11 patients were found to have genitourinary tract involvement, the prostate and epididymis being most commonly affected. Diagnosis was made by culture of the fungus from urine, abscess or prostate secretions, morphologic identification of the characteristic organism in urine or secretions, or histologic examination of tissue specimens. Treatment with amphotericin B reduced the mortality rate of 90 per cent to as low as 10 per cent. Long-term followup is necessary because of a relapse rate of 10 to 15 per cent.
Effects of calcium chloride injection and hot boning on the tenderness of round muscles.

Two experiments were conducted to determine the effect of CaCl2 injection on round muscles obtained from Bos indicus bulls and late-castrate steers. In Exp. 1, the biceps femoris (BF) muscle from the left side of each of 15 bull carcasses was injected within 30 min postexsanguination with .3 M CaCl2 at 10% by weight while either intact (n = 8) on the carcass or after hot boning (n = 7). The right sides served as controls. In Exp. 2, the semimembranosus (SM) muscles from the carcasses of nine steers (castrated at 16 mo of age) were hot-boned within 30 min postexsanguination and one-half were injected with CaCl2 as described above. Hot boning had no effect (P greater than .05) on shear force values. Calcium chloride injection dramatically reduced shear force requirements at 1, 8, and 14 d postmortem compared with noninjected controls in both experiments. Cooking traits of the SM muscle were not affected (P greater than .05) by CaCl2 injection. However, BF muscles injected with CaCl2 required more (P less than .05) time to cook and had greater (P less than .05) cooking losses than BF controls. Calcium chloride injection of prerigor round muscles reduced aging time needed for normal tenderization to 1 d postmortem. Hot boning was successfully used in conjunction with CaCl2 injection to facilitate the injection process.
Electricity governance and the Western energy imbalance market in the United States: The necessity of interorganizational collaboration

Abstract In the Western United States, widespread growth of wind and solar resources is putting pressure on state policy makers, electricity system operators, and utilities to integrate renewable resources into the grid, while maintaining reliability, affordability, and improving efficiency. These resources are creating new challenges because their variability can contribute to transmission constraints and system imbalances. This paper examines a recent initiative to make energy imbalance market services available throughout the Western Interconnection and provides insight into evolving electricity system governance. Drawing on boundary organization and interorganizational collaboration literature, this research explores the processes and practices used to create a new interorganizational collaboration. The research supports theoretical claims that facilitating policy innovation requires discursive formation of a collective identity.
Schizophrenia and Psychosis

In a sense, psychosis, loosely defined as “loss of contact with reality,” is a state of being that happens to all of us each night when we fall asleep. The association between psychosis and sleep is even further strengthened when one considers that psychosis implies not simply a lack of connection with external reality, but a bizarre transformation of consciousness where the mind sees what is not there, emotional content is intensified, the flow of information or time is disjointed, and the sense of one’s self is confused. This is what usually happens when we dream.
Women and Physics

This book begins with an examination of the numbers of women in physics in English-speaking countries, moving on to examine factors that affect girls and their decision to continue in science, right through to education and on into the problems that women in physics careers face. Looking at all of these topics with one eye on the progress that the field has made in the past few years, and another on those things that we have yet to address, the book surveys the most current research as it tries to identify strategies and topics that have significant impact on issues that women have in the field.
WITHDRAWAL: Can Right Precordial T-Wave Inversion in Healthy Endurance Athletes Be Explained?∗

This article has been withdrawn because it is a duplicate. The correct published version of the article can be found at http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jacep.2015.02.015 . The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy .
Proactive Reconfiguration of Heat-Exchanger Supernetworks

This paper presents a methodology for proactive optimization-based reconfiguration of heat-exchanger networks (HENs) for which both renewable energy generation and time-varying electricity pricing are considered in decision making. Real-time optimization strategies are developed and implemented to deal with the variability in renewable resources and electricity pricing. The heat-exchanger superstructure is first defined, and the transitions between the constituent HEN substructures are assumed to be instantaneous. The optimal configurations are then sent to the local controllers as structural set-points to be implemented. The explicit nonlinear models of heat-exchangers built in Aspen Plus are utilized to describe the dynamic behavior of the HEN, and closed-loop simulations are used to demonstrate the real-time reconfiguration process. A HEN with two hot and two cold streams, coupled with solar and wind energy resources, is used as a case study to exemplify the power cogeneration.
Influence of Wavelets and Boundary Conditions on the Diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis Using Artificial Neural Networks

Artificial neural networks with radial basis functions are used to diagnose patients with multiple sclerosis. But the results of the training of this type of network varies greatly with the wavelet selected to compress the data and with the boundary conditions applied to the signal to compensate for the usage of a closed interval. In this paper we compare the results obtained for several wavelets when several boundary conditions are used to extend the signal. The most significant coefficients were extracted following the "Largest Coefficient" criterion. The training process used the left-out method. We did not change the network architecture. The network was trained 20 times for each case, starting each time with a different set of random values. We collected the averages of each of them. Our results showed a remarkable difference between a few of the cases, were the network did a perfect job, and the rest of them, which gave conventional results. The excellent results were obtained by a combination of specific wavelets and particular boundary conditions. The specific wavelets were either of the Biorthogonal Wavelets or Reverse Biorthogonal wavelets family. The particular boundary conditions were the ones obtained by extending the signals using any one of the following approaches: antisymmetric half point padding, smooth padding of order zero or zero padding.
Open Heavy Flavor Measurements in Heavy Ion Collisions with CMS

Abstract The measurement of heavy flavor production is a powerful tool to study the properties of the high-density QCD medium created in heavy-ion collisions as heavy quarks are sensitive to the transport properties of the medium and may interact with the matter differently than light quarks. Heavy flavor jets, non-prompt J / ψ ( J / ψ from B-hadron decay) and fully reconstructed B mesons have been studied in PbPb collisions at 2.76 TeV and pPb collisions at 5.02 TeV with CMS. Recently, the nuclear modification factor of prompt D0 mesons has been measured in PbPb collisions at 2.76 TeV with CMS as a function of both transverse momentum and collision centrality. These studies show that prompt D0 production is suppressed in semi-central to central PbPb collisions and the suppression is smaller at high pT. A comparison with the RAA of charged particle and non-prompt J / ψ hints a hierarchy of suppression as a function of flavor.
Prevalence of historical and replacement brominated flame retardant chemicals in New York City homes

Abstract Background Until their phase-out between 2005 and 2013, polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were added to household products including furniture, rugs, and electronics to meet flammability standards. Replacement brominated flame retardant (BFR) chemicals, including 2-ethylhexyl-2,3,4,5- tetrabromobenzoate (TBB) and bis(2-ethylhexyl) 2,3,4,5-tetrabromophthalate (TBPH), which are components of the Firemaster 550® commercial mixture, are now being used to meet some flammability standards in furniture. The objective of this analysis was to evaluate the extent to which mothers and their children living in New York City are exposed to PBDEs, TBB, and TBPH. Methods We measured PBDEs, TBB, and TBPH using gas chromatography mass spectrometry in dust (n = 25) and handwipe (n = 11) samples collected between 2012 and 2013 from mothers and children living in New York City. We defined dust as enriched if the proportional distribution for a given BFR exceeded two-thirds of the total BFR content. Results We detected PBDEs and TBPH in 100% of dust and handwipe samples and TBB in 100% of dust samples and 95% of handwipe samples. Dust from approximately two-thirds of households was enriched for either PBDEs (n = 9) or for TBB + TBPH (n = 8). Overall, the median house dust concentration of TBB + TBPH (1318 ng/g dust) was higher than that of ΣPentaBDE (802 ng/g dust) and BDE-209 (1171 ng/g dust). Children generally had higher BFR handwipe concentrations compared to mothers (ΣPentaBDE: 73%, BDE-209: 64%, TBB + TBPH: 55%) and within households, BFR concentrations from paired maternal-child handwipes were highly correlated. Among mothers, we found a significant positive relation between house dust and handwipe BDE-209 and TBB + TBPH concentrations. Conclusion PBDEs, TBB and TBPH are ubiquitous in house dust and handwipes in a sample of mother-child pairs residing in New York City.
System dynamics simulation modeling of health information exchange (HIE) adoption and policy intervention: A case study in the State of Maryland

Abstract In this paper, health information exchange (HIE) adoption barriers, challenges, influencing factors, and the impacts of policy interventions among ambulatory providers and acute-hospitals in the State of Maryland health care system are examined. The main areas discussed are HIE sustainability, financial benefits, return on investment, and the correlation between HIE and hospital readmission reductions. The proposed policies include financial incentives to adopt HIE (policy 1), awareness and education to integrate HIE into the workflow (policy 2), and a combination of policies 1 and 2 to address the most frequent barriers identified in the literature. System dynamics simulation modeling combined with statistical analyses were utilized based on monthly time-series datasets. The design for each policy was developed considering HIE adoption barriers, challenges, and influencing variables. The simulation focused on presenting the findings of many HIE adoption studies. The results suggested significant financial advantages of using HIE (an approximately $3.3 billion cumulative gain over 10 years). Ambulatory provider adoption of HIE is slow but contributes the most to the overall HIE portal queries. Three datasets were analyzed with regard to hospital readmission reductions, HIE portal query usage, and encounter-notification service alerts. Strong positive correlation coefficients of 0.75 and 0.8, respectively, were determined. Finally, the designed policy interventions (policy 1, policy 2, and combination) showed a positive effect on HIE adoption rate by 15.87%, 8.36% and 21.17% respectively. This research can be used as a framework to provide policy makers and strategic thinkers with a methodology for analyzing such complex systems and generate well informed HIE adoption policies.
Video-based educational intervention associated with improved stroke literacy, self-efficacy, and patient satisfaction.

Background and purpose Interventions are needed to improve stroke literacy among recent stroke survivors. We developed an educational video for patients hospitalized with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Methods A 5-minute stroke education video was shown to our AIS and ICH patients admitted from March to June 2015. Demographics and a 5-minute protocol Montreal Cognitive Assessment were also collected. Questions related to stroke knowledge, self-efficacy, and patient satisfaction were answered before, immediately after, and 30 days after the video. Results Among 250 screened, 102 patients consented, and 93 completed the video intervention. There was a significant difference between pre-video median knowledge score of 6 (IQR 4–7) and the post-video score of 7 (IQR 6–8; p<0.001) and between pre-video and the 30 day score of 7 (IQR 5–8; p = 0.04). There was a significant difference between the proportion of patients who were very certain in recognizing symptoms of a stroke pre- and post-video, which was maintained at 30-days (35.5% vs. 53.5%, p = 0.01; 35.5% vs. 54.4%, p = 0.02). The proportion who were “very satisfied” with their education post-video (74.2%) was significantly higher than pre-video (49.5%, p<0.01), and this was maintained at 30 days (75.4%, p<0.01). There was no association between MoCA scores and stroke knowledge acquisition or retention. There was no association between stroke knowledge acquisition and rates of home blood pressure monitoring or primary care provider follow-up. Conclusions An educational video was associated with improved stroke knowledge, self-efficacy in recognizing stroke symptoms, and satisfaction with education in hospitalized stroke patients, which was maintained at 30 days after discharge.
Depolarizing Neuromuscular Blocking Agents

Succinylcholine was first introduced into clinical practice in the 1950s, and is currently the only depolarizing neuromuscular blocker in use. It is unique among the drugs used for muscle relaxation in its rapid onset and short duration of action. These characteristics account for its extensive use in scenarios requiring emergency control of the airway. However, succinylcholine has the potential to cause significant adverse effects, and rapid acting nondepolarizing agents offer an alternative for rapid tracheal intubation. Despite its side effect profile, succinylcholine is still widely used in clinical practice.
Inhibition of lysozyme's polymerization activity using a polymer structural mimic

Hen egg white lysozyme (HEWL) is a green catalyst capable of polymerizing 2-ethynylpyridine. 1,3-di(2-pyridyl)propane (DPP) is a mimic of the polymer repeating unit, and its interaction with HEWL reveals structural insight into the mechanism of polymerization. These interactions were probed using NMR methods, including diffusion-ordered spectroscopy (DOSY) and saturation transfer difference (STD) measurements, and the structure of HEWL with DPP in the active site was elucidated by X-ray methods.
Engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) and their role at the nexus of Food, Energy, and Water

Abstract The use of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) to improve food production, energy generation, and/or the removal of pollutants from water have changed several paradigms related with the way that the scientific community conceives the future of the respective fields. Nevertheless, the use of ENMs and their eventual release into the environment also generate concerns related with some undesirable effects that have been observed for ENMs once they enter the air, soil, or water. A significant amount of controversial results related with the role of ENMs and their potential side effects have been published, with the consequent lack of clarity and increased misinformation. This study is devoted to reviewing the role of ENMs at the nexus of food, energy, and water (FEW)—including some examples of their current applications and challenges specifically related with food production—as well as discussing their potential effects on the FEW nexus.
Abstract P288: Bortezomib Reduces Blood Pressure and Proteinuria in the Dahl Salt Sensitive (S) Rat

Hypertension is a major health care disorder affecting up to one in three adults in the United States and is a major risk factor for multiple diseases including coronary artery disease, stroke, con...
Family history of prostate cancer and age-related trend of testosterone levels among US males: NHANES 2003-2004.

Background Studies have suggested that rapid age-related declines of testosterone (T) level may play a critical role in the development of prostate cancer (PCa), and family history of PCa is another well-established risk factor of PCa, which have been reported to be associated with androgen metabolism-related genes. However, few studies have ever investigated whether a family history of PCa influences the risk of PCa via regulating the age-related trend of T level among males over the life course. Objectives To examine the association between family history of PCa and age-related trend of T levels. Materials and methods We used National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data from 2003 to 2004 (n = 322) to compare the age-specific T levels in males with a family history of PCa and those without. Results We found that between two younger age groups (ages 20-39 and 40-59), there was a more pronounced drop-off in T levels among men with a family history of PCa compared to men without a family history. Discussion and conclusion This preliminary analysis suggested that men with a family history of PCa may experience a sharper decline in T level over the life course as compared to males without a family history. However, no conclusions can be made due to small sample sizes. Further longitudinal studies with large sample sizes are needed.
Regulation of Plasma Low Density Lipoprotein Levels: New Strategies for Drug Design

Hypercholesterolemia and, more specifically, high circulating levels of LDL-cholesterol have been linked to several important diseases in man. For this reason, a concerted effort is now underway to develop effective strategies to decrease the concentration of this lipoprotein in the plasma. Over the last few years, new advances have been made in our understanding of the factors that control the plasma LDL-cholesterol concentration. It is now possible to predict the changes that will occur in the plasma LDL-cholesterol concentration given any change in LDL receptor number or affinity or in the LDL-cholesterol production rate. From an analysis of these kinetic relationships several important conclusions emerge. First, in both man and the experimental animal the rate of LDL-cholesterol production is the most significant determinant of the plasma LDL-cholesterol concentration. Second, receptor-dependent LDL-cholesterol degradation accounts for the majority of total LDL-cholesterol degradation in all species studied. Third, in quantitative terms, receptor-dependent LDL-cholesterol degradation is restricted to the liver and, to a lesser extent, the small intestine. It is also clear that in order to significantly change the plasma LDL-cholesterol concentration by altering the rate of receptor-dependent LDL-cholesterol clearance, a change in receptor number, rather than receptor affinity, must be made since the system is resistant to even large variations in receptor affinity.