cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Using Artifacts In Teaching: The Little Box Project

Location: JC Room E In this interactive workshop, attendees will learn about different adaptations of the "Cajitas" or "little box" project in courses in the Spanish program at George Mason University. This project, originally created by Alberto Lopez Pulido to use with his students of Chican@ Studies at the University of San Diego, asks students to prepare a container of artifacts that reflect their culture, heritage, and personal experiences for Day of the Dead celebrations. Using a feminist pedagogical approach, the little box project was adapted for students at GMU to address the following challenges: How can we help students apply critical theories from a specific academic discipline to their own lives and experiences? And how can instructors embrace authenticity, particularly when they are from a different cultural background than the discipline in which they teach? The little box project was used as a midterm assignment for students in the course Introduction to Latinx Studies (Fall 2018) in order to engage students in applying critical approaches to understanding representation and the concept of intersectionality in identity. The little boxes also had a significant impact on the student's sense of community in the course and their appreciation for one another's diverse backgrounds. We will also discuss how the project was adapted again in the spring to address the needs of different learners- students in intermediate Spanish courses (Spanish 202, SPRING 2019). By creating their own "cajitas", students were required to become active curators of cultural content. Additionally, they were asked to reflect on and research examples of marginalized representations in art from the Spanish-speaking world. Overall, the project's approach encouraged students to engage more actively with cultures from the Spanish-speaking world while at the same time sharing information about their own culture(s) and backgrounds.
Forests in Revolutionary France: Conservation, Community, and Conflict, 1669–1848

This book investigates the economic, strategic, and political importance of forests in early modern and modern Europe and shows how struggles over this vital natural resource both shaped and reflected the ideologies and outcomes of France's long revolutionary period. Until the mid-nineteenth century, wood was the principal fuel for cooking and heating and the primary material for manufacturing worldwide and comprised every imaginable element of industrial, domestic, military, and maritime activity. Forests also provided essential pasturage. These multifaceted values made forests the subject of ongoing battles for control between the crown, landowning elites, and peasantry, for whom liberty meant preserving their rights to woodland commons. Focusing on Franche-Comte, France's easternmost province, the book explores the fiercely contested development of state-centered conservation and management from 1669 to 1848. In emphasizing the environmental underpinnings of France's seismic sociopolitical upheavals, it appeals to readers interested in revolution, rural life, and common-pool-resource governance.
98 Improving nucleic acid design using biased sequence initialization

Nucleic acid sequences can be designed to self-assemble to a desired conformation. They can be used as pharmaceuticals, to detect molecules or as nanomachines. Designing nucleic acids can be though...
THE NORTHERN HEMISPHERE TEMPERATURE CURVE: REPRESENTATIVENESS AND INTERPRETIVE FALLACIES

The Northern Hemisphere Temperature Curve has become one of the leading issues of modern climatology because it is not only considered to represent large-scale changes in temperature but is also used by some as a convenient indicator of changes in important derivatives of temperature. The development of the curve is reviewed and its representativeness of hemispheric climatic changes is discussed. Recently summarized marine temperature records and the tropospheric temperature record appear to confirm the general features of the curve. On the other hand, the curve's use as an indicator of local temperature changes and such derivatives as the length of the growing season and climatic variability is shown to be fallacious. This emphasizes the fact that local temperature trends are not necessarily similar to the hemispheric trend.
Experimental Study of High-speed Rough-terrain Mobile Robot Models for Reactive Behaviors

High-speed mobile robots have many important applications in rough terrain. At high speeds, it is difficult to guarantee safe robot motion using traditional control and planning techniques. This paper presents an experimental high-speed rover system for studying reactive behavior control to avoid potentially dangerous situations. The method consists of sensor-triggered maneuvers that have been shown by a priori model-based analysis to be safe. The paper discusses vehicle and terrain models for model-based analysis. Experimental results show that behaviors based on detailed models can accurately predict the dynamics of mobile robots in rough terrain.
Israel and the Church in the Exegetical Writings of Hippolytus

The author goes on to describe the sin of the golden calf (Exodus 32) as the deci sive moment of apostasy in which Israel lost its portion in the divine covenant. This identification of the golden calf incident as the turning point in Israels history of damnation quickly became a commonplace among Christian writers,2 who some times joined it to the notion that the ritual commandments of the law were a divine
The hidden level in space and time: the vertical shaft in the royal tombs of the zhongshan kingdom in late eastern zhou (475–221 bce) china

ABSTRACTAmong the best preserved royal tombs in early China, the tombs of the Zhongshan state (dated to the late fourth to early third centuries BCE) in present-day Pingshan county each featured a concealed earthen shaft in the middle of the tomb. Constructed with rammed earth, this gigantic structure was located above the underground burial chamber, where the deceased's casket and body were located, and below the freestanding offering hall that housed the deceased's soul. Although this empty shaft would eventually be buried and become invisible, it was carefully embellished and sometimes even decorated with false architectural elements. What role did this seemingly superfluous “hidden level” play in the tomb and what meaning did it express? Previous scholarship failed to provide a satisfactory answer to these questions due to its blindness to the shaft's function in the entire architectural space and ritual time. From the hitherto ignored spatial and temporal perspective, this article argues that this pr...
Breaking the code on understanding test throughout the product life cycle - theory meets reality - a case study

Time to market seems to be the mantra of our time in product design today. Test seems to be one of the more obvious bottlenecks for delay but, is it the root cause or just a symptom of a bigger problem? The truth is, it's a little of both. The lack of a sound test strategy to catch defects at their inception is a root cause of a problem that starts in RD ineffective test design and no trouble found and show solutions that uncover and eliminate them through pragmatic metrics. Ultimately, a by-product of improved test is shortening the time to market and improving test engineering across the product life cycle
High frequency wideband power transformer design

The transmission line transformer (TLT) is presented as a viable solution to the problem of high-frequency/wideband transformer design for the latest high frequency DC-DC resonant converters. Utilizing transmission line circuit theory, the authors present the characteristics of the TLT. Turn ratio 2:1 and 3:1 TLT prototypes with isolation were designed and fabricated from microstrip and coaxial cable transmission line. Small signal and power test results show the advantages of the TLT. >
A Geometry Theorem Prover for Macintoshes

This report primarily serves as a manual for a geometry theorem prover implemented for the Macintosh. The prover is based on the algebraic method introduced by Wen-Tsun Wu and on a prover developed on Symbolics Lisp Machines by the author. It addresses a subset of geometry statements which involve equalities only and can prove a subset of theorems that the original prover proved. Within its scope, it is powerful enough to prove many theorems hard for human to prove such as Pappus'' theorem, Simson''s theorem, Pascal''s theorem, the nine-point theorem, Feuerbach''s theorem, etc. There is also a discussion of the role of non-degenerate conditions in a geometry statement.
Operative Treatment of Soft-Part Sarcomas

Although soft-part sarcomas are radiosensitive, their rate of curability by radiation alone is limited, and surgical resection is accepted as the treatment of choice for most primary tumors. Adjuvant therapy with radiation might well affect the scope of the operation employed, and the data available for defining the value of this adjuvant treatment will be discussed in Chapter 11. The major treatment decision for sarcomas relates to the extent of surgical resection employed, a factor primarily dictated by the anatomic relationships of the individual tumor. Most sarcomas arise in an extremity where a decision regarding amputation must be made. The key principle of resection is that of achieving surgical margins adequate to prevent local treatment failure. In this regard there is some degree of uncertainty as to how wide the gross margins must be, whether total compartmental excision is always required, and the possible role of the histologic grade of the sarcoma in the choice of operative procedure. The heterogeneity of sarcomas, from the standpoint of histologic types, histologic grades, and anatomic locations, does make definition of the optimal operation difficult, but the procedures illustrated in subsequent chapters will serve as general guides for the surgeon.
Osmoregulation in Rhizobium meliloti: Mechanism and control by other environmental signals

Bacteria commonly adapt to increases in the osmolarity of the environment by the intracellular accumulation of small organic solutes (osmolytes) that function by restoring turgor. We have investigated the mechanism of osmotic regulation in Rhizobium meliloti, the root nodule symbiont of alfalfa. As a soil microbe, this organism is subjected to variable osmolarity and a number of other environmental conditions to which it must respond appropriately. Natural abundance 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to identify the osmolytes accumulated by osmotically stressed R. meliloti. The complement of osmolytes and their concentrations were found to depend on the level of osmotic stress, growth phase of the culture, carbon source, and the presence of osmolytes in the growth medium
How to get light out of silicon: molecular design of precursors for MOCVD of Si:Er

Erbium {tris[bis(trimethylsilyl)]amide} has been employed as a dopant material for incorporation of the rare earth element erbium into a silicon host lattice for fabrication of monochromatic and temperature-independent optoelectronic devices. Electronic characteristics, including room temperature electroluminescence and glancing angle X-ray diffraction, have been obtained from deposited Si:Er films. The utilized erbium amide precursor has been compared to alternative erbium sources as hydrocarbon and fluorocarbon containing (beta) -diketonates (tmhd and fod).
Pseudogenes for human U2 small nuclear RNA do not have a fixed site of 3′ truncation

We present the sequences of five additional human U2 pseudogenes which are very similar to the U2.13 pseudogene reported previously [Van Arsdell et al. (1981) Cell 26, 11-17]. All six U2 pseudogenes preserve the 5' end of the mature U2 snRNA sequence, and all six are flanked by nearly perfect direct repeats that differ in sequence and range in length from 16 to 21 base pairs. The 3' ends of the six U2 pseudogenes are truncated at five different sites between position 33 and 82, and in two cases the 3' end of the pseudogene overlaps the downstream direct repeat by 5 or 6 base pairs. The structure of these six U2 pseudogenes contrasts with that of four human U3 pseudogenes [Bernstein et al. (1983) Cell 32, 461-472] all of which are identically truncated at position 69 or 70, and appear to be derived from a self-primed 74 base reverse transcript of U3 snRNA. Comparison of the U2 and U3 pseudogenes suggests a model for their generation in which the 3' end of the pseudogene is always truncated relative to the initial cDNA template.
Representation of sleep stages by color density spectral array

Multiple-channel color density spectral array (CDSA) was used to graphically represent sleep stages. This technique uses color coding of Fast Fourier Transforms to provide a compact display of frequency, power, and real time. Distinct CDSA patterns correlate to the awake, non-REM, and REM sleep states. The graphic compression of sleep data could considerably shorten the time required to stage overnight sleep recordings.
Expression signatures of metastatic capacity in a genetic mouse model of lung adenocarcinoma.

Background Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the foremost cause of cancer-related death in Western countries, which is due partly to the propensity of NSCLC cells to metastasize. The biologic basis for NSCLC metastasis is not well understood. Methodology/Principal Findings Here we addressed this deficiency by transcriptionally profiling tumors from a genetic mouse model of human lung adenocarcinoma that develops metastatic disease owing to the expression of K-rasG12D and p53R172H. We identified 2,209 genes that were differentially expressed in distant metastases relative to matched lung tumors. Mining of publicly available data bases revealed this expression signature in a subset of NSCLC patients who had a poorer prognosis than those without the signature. Conclusions/Significance These findings provide evidence that K-rasG12D; p53R172H mice recapitulate features of human NSCLC metastasis and will provide a useful platform on which to study the biologic basis for lung adenocarcinoma metastasis and its prevention by novel agents.
A Finite-Difference Method for Studying Thermal Deformation in a 3-D Microsphere Exposed to Ultrashort Pulsed Lasers

Studying the thermal deformation induced by ultrashort pulsed lasers is important for preventing thermal damage. This article presents a numerical method for studying thermal deformation in a 3-D microsphere exposed to ultrashort pulsed lasers. The method is obtained based on the parabolic two-step model and implicit finite-difference scheme on a staggered grid. In particular, a fourth-order compact scheme is developed for evaluating those stress derivatives in the dynamic equations of motion. The method allows us to avoid nonphysical oscillations in the solution. Its performance is demonstrated by a numerical example.
Feasibility of mapping solution properties during the growth of protein crystals

This paper summarizes the feasibility of using optical techniques for mapping the convection, temperature, and solute concentration in the solution around a growing protein crystal. Convection can be mapped by a variety of techniques which measure either refractive index differences, displacements, velocity, or solute optical absorption. For protein crystal growth, however, ordinary schlieren and interferometric techniques are marginally sensitive and most displacement marking techniques unsuitable; therefore, phase-concentration by the absorption-interferometric technique appears to be quite feasible for protein solutions because of their low dn/dC. Finally, the monitoring of protein crystal growth rates appears to be feasible by double-exposure holography or birefringence.
Two photon photodetachment spectroscopy: The C−22σ states

Abstract A tunable dye laser has been used to observe resonant two photon photodetachment of electrons from C − 2 . These measurements definitely establish the fact that the Herzberg-Lagerquist band system belongs to C − 2 , and that the ground state of C − 2 is a 2 σ + g state. The two photon photodetachment technique is described, and future potentialities are assessed.
Characterization of refraction at a waveguide step for fabrication of mode index lenses

Refraction of guided TE modes at thickness discontinuities in an Air/Si3N4/SiO2 planar waveguide was measured by collecting light scattered into the far field from different modes. The stepped waveguides guides studied in this work are the basic refractive interfaces from which we have constructed mode index lenses. Experimental measurements of the refraction at straight step discontinuities are compared with theoretical calculations of refraction in waveguides. The coupling between incident and undesirable transmitted guided modes was found to be lower than that predicted from calculation for an ideal step. A short taper at the step may be responsible for this improvement. The maximum angle of incidence between the incoming guided mode and the normal to the interface with acceptable transmittance was found to be 50 degrees (i.e. the angle measured in the plane of the waveguide). This result is being used in other work on mode index lens design.
Total Polynomials of Uniform Oriented Matroids

In this paper we introduce polynomials associated with uniform oriented matroids whose coefficients enumerate cells in the corresponding arrangements. These polynomials are quite useful in the study of many enumeration problems of combinatorial geometry, such as counting faces of polytopes, counting Radon partitions, counting k -sets, and so forth. We also describe some striking equations relating these polynomials.
Techno-economic analysis of biomass-to-liquids production based on gasification☆

Abstract This study compares capital and production costs of two biomass-to-liquid production plants based on gasification utilizing 2000 dry Mg per day of corn stover. The focus is to produce liquid transportation fuels with electricity as co-product using commercially available technology within the next 5–8 years. The first biorefinery scenario is a low temperature (870 °C, 1598 °F), fluidized bed gasifier and the second scenario a high temperature (1300 °C, 2372 °F), entrained flow gasifier both followed by catalytic Fischer–Tropsch synthesis and hydroprocessing. The scenarios were modeled and investment costs estimated. A discounted cash flow rate of return analysis was performed to determine a fuel product value (PV). The analysis shows that despite higher investment costs for the high temperature gasification scenario, a lower PV results due to higher fuel yield. These n th plant scenarios are expected to produce fuels with a PV in the range of $4–5 per gallon of gasoline equivalent ($1.06–1.32 per liter) and require $500–650 million capital investment. Main factors responsible for this relatively high PV are feedstock cost and return on capital investment. Biomass-to-liquid based on gasification has yet to be commercialized. Hence, a pioneer plant is expected to be more costly to build and operate than an n th plant. Pioneer plant analysis found PV to increase by 60–90% and capital investment to more than double.
Deciding Where to Retire: Intended Retirement Location Choices of Formerly Undocumented Mexican Migrants†

Objective. I use transnational theory to address how transnational relationships, behavior, and context influence retirement location choices of recently legalized immigrants. I also account for the relationship between assimilation and retirement location choices. Methods. To test these theories, I use the 1992 Legalized Population Survey to examine formerly undocumented Mexican immigrants' attachment to the United States through their intended retirement location, either the United States or Mexico. I use logistic regression to test whether the two theories are related with retirement location choices. Results. I find strong support for the role of transnational factors, thus widening the scope of the literature to include variables linking immigrants to their communities within Mexico. Conclusion. This study empirically tests and quantifies transnational theory using multivariate analysis, and adds to the transnational literature by suggesting that national boundaries are political constructs that do not completely contain social and economic systems.
Caloric restriction impedes age-related decline of mitochondrial function and neuronal activity

Caloric restriction (CR) prolongs lifespan and retards many detrimental effects of aging, but its effect on brain mitochondrial function and neuronal activity—especially in healthy aging—remains unexplored. Here we measured rates of neuronal glucose oxidation and glutamate–glutamine neurotransmitter cycling in young control, old control (i.e., healthy aging), and old CR rats using in vivo nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. We found that, compared with the young control, neuronal energy production and neurotransmission rates were significantly reduced in healthy aging, but were preserved in old CR rats. The results suggest that CR mitigated the age-related deceleration of brain physiology.
The Rime of King William and its Analogues

Since the nineteenth century it has been customary to assume that the author of the Peterborough Chronicle's 1087 entry (a eulogy of William the Conqueror) drew its end-rhymed passage from one or more illiterate ballads expressing the indignation of the English people at the introduction of the Norman forest law. The tendency of scholars to view the rhyming passage as a remnant of an otherwise unattested tradition of popular end-rhymed verse in Old English inhibited any inquiries into the poem's possible relations with other post-Conquest texts. This essay is the first to catalogue the poem's numerous analogues in twelfth century literature, and demonstrates that there were few reasons for earlier scholarship to assume that the Rime was not composed by the author of the 1087 entry. When the Rime is seen in light of other twelfth-century texts, its place at the head of a tradition of anti-Forest polemics becomes clear.
A Caspase-Resistant Form of Bcl-XL, but Not Wild Type Bcl-XL, Promotes Clonogenic Survival After Ionizing Radiation

Bcl-2 and Bcl-X(L) belong to a family of proteins overexpressed in a variety of human cancers which inhibit apoptosis in response to a number of stimuli including chemotherapeutic agents and ionizing radiation. To better understand the role of these polypeptides in modulating the response of cancer cells to ionizing radiation we used cell lines that were engineered to overexpress the two polypeptides. Although Bcl-2 and Bcl-X(L) overexpression resulted in inhibition of radiation-induced apoptosis, it did not result in enhanced clonogenic survival. Consistent with this was the observation that Bcl-2 and Bcl-X(L) protected cells from DNA fragmentation, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, and caspase activation for up to 72 hours after irradiation. Beyond 72 hours, there was a rapid loss in the ability of Bcl-2 and Bcl-X(L) to inhibit these markers of apoptosis. When Bcl-X(L) was analyzed at 72 hours after irradiation and beyond, a rapid accumulation of a 16-kDa form of Bcl-X(L) was observed. To test the hypothesis that cleavage of the 29-kDa form of Bcl-X(L) by caspases to a 16-kDa polypeptide results in its inability to inhibit apoptosis beyond 72 hours, we constructed a cell line that overexpressed a caspase-resistant form of Bcl-X(L) (Bcl-X(L)-deltaloop). Cells overexpressing Bcl-X(L)-deltaloop were resistant to apoptosis beyond 72 hours after irradiation and did not contain the 16-kDa form at these time points. In addition, Bcl-X(L)-deltaloop overexpression resulted in enhanced clonogenic survival compared with control or Bcl-X(L) overexpressing cells. These results provide a molecular basis for the observation that expression of Bcl-2 or Bcl-X(L) is not a prognostic marker of tumor response to cancer therapy.
Variations in the distribution, abundance, and development of copepods in the southeastern Bering Sea in 1980 and 1981

Abstract When a relatively warm year (1981) in the southeastern Bering Sea is compared with a cooler year (1980), the upper layer of both the middle shelf and outer shelf warmed at a faster rate in the warmer year, but the spring bloom of phytoplankton took place at approximately the same time both years. The middle front near the 100 m isobath separated the two major communities of zooplankton both years. Offshore of the front, large calanoid copepods such as Neocalanus plumchrus, Neocalanus cristatus, Eucalanus bungii, and Metridia pacifica dominated, while inshore of that front Pseudocalanus spp., Acartia spp., and Calanus marshallae dominated. Over the outer shelf (Sta. 5) at the end of April, N. plumchrus, N. cristatus, E. bungii, and Pseudocalanus spp. were significantly more abundant in 1980 than in 1981, while over the middle shelf (Sta. 12) all stages of Pseudocalanus spp. and C. marshallae were more abundant in 1981 than in 1980. Gradients in abundance of N. plumchrus and N. cristatus across the outer shelf reversed after periods of wind favourable to subsurface onshore flow suggesting that the shelf population of large calanoids is derived from overwintering slope populations during spring and summer storms. N. plumchrus and C. marshallae, which were thought to reproduce once per year based on 1980 data, produced two cohorts at some stations in 1981, and both E. bungii and C. marshallae reproduced earlier in 1981 than in 1980. Survivorship of N. plumchrus and N. cristatus over the outer shelf (Sta. 5), where only one cohort was produced both years, was higher in 1981 than in 1980, suggesting that predation occurred later in 1981 than in 1980. The abundance of the chaetognath Sagitta elegans over the middle shelf was higher in 1980 than in 1981 suggesting that both increased temperature and reduced predation may account for the larger numbers of small copepods found over the middle shelf in the warmer year.
Evaluating hybridization potential between Penaeus setiferus and Penaeus vannamei through natural mating, artificial insemination and in vitro fertilization

The culture of Pacific white shrimp Penaeus vannamei (PVA) within the geographical range of Atlantic white shrimp P. setiferus (PSE) has prompted concern regarding potential ecological risks. The present study evaluates the potential for spontaneous hybridization between these closely related litopenaeid species. Prezygotic barriers to hybridization were evaluated utilizing quantitative analysis of behavioral interactions associated with mating, artificial insemination, and a novel in vitro fertilization technique. There was a significant decrease in the number of interspecific behavioral interactions (P < 0.005). In total, 15 ♀ PSE × ♂PSE and 11 ♀PVA × ♂PVA matings were achieved. No spontaneous matings were observed between species. In artificial insemination trials, 60% of the intraspecific inseminations were fertile with mean fertilization rates of 9.21 ± 3.83% for PSE and 11.6 ± 5.2% for PVA. No interspecific crosses were fertile. This study documents in vitro fertilization for the first time in two litopenaeid species. In vitro fertilization was achieved by upwelling a concentrated sperm suspension under a spawning female. Three levels of negative controls were used to eliminate the possibility of contamination. Fertilization was achieved in 13 of 14 intraspecific trials with mean fertilization rates of 2.48 ± 0.57% for PSE and 3.88 ± 1.34% for PVA. No interspecific crosses were fertile. Based on the low levels of behavioral interaction during interspecific crosses, the lack of natural interspecific matings, and absence of fertilization in interspecific crosses for both artificial inseminations and in vitro fertilizations, the potential for hybridization between P. setiferus and P. vannamei appears to be negligible.
The Mirror of Laughter: Mediation, Self‐Reflection, and Healing in E.T.A. Hoffmann's Princess Brambilla

E.T.A. Hoffmann's capriccio Princess Brambilla explores a narrative realm of liminality and metamorphosis that reveals the fundamental instability of our most basic epistemological distinctions. Set during the irreverent days of the Roman carnival, Brambilla delights in a disorienting chaos of masks, costumes, dream images and hallucinations as Hoffmann pulls all the stops in a fantastical narrative of extraordinary complexity. The text unfolds a carnivalesque universe that – in the spirit of Early German Romantic irony – plays with the inescapable mediatory “distortions” brought about by the structures of human consciousness itself. Just as the carnival is a ritual of life‐affirming renewal, Hoffmann's self‐reflexive narrative, too, is a story of change and healing, in which the self comes to understand that it has no access to a stable and unmediated self‐knowledge. If this moment of insight initially appears as a near‐psychotic threat to the very basis of identity, the laughter it triggers is ultimatel...
Religious attendance: more cost-effective than lipitor?

Background: A recent meta-analysis demonstrates a robust but small association between weekly religious attendance and longer life. However, the practical significance of this finding remains controversial. Methods: Age specific, actuarial death rates were modified according to published odds ratios to model the additional years of life attributable to: (1) weekly religious attendance; (2) regular physical exercise; and (3) statin-type lipid-lowering agents. Secondary analyses estimated the approximate cost for each additional year of life gained. Results: Weekly attendance at religious services accounts for an additional 2 to 3 life-years compared with 3 to 5 life-years for physical exercise and 2.5 to 3.5 life-years for statin-type agents. The approximate cost per life-year gained was between $2,000 and $6,000 for regular exercise, $3,000 and $10,000 for regular religious attendance, and between $4,000 and $14,000 for statin-type agents. Conclusion: The real-world, practical significance of regular religious attendance is comparable to commonly recommended therapies, and rough estimates even suggest that religious attendance may be more cost-effective than statins. Religious attendance is not a mode of medical therapy, but these findings warrant more and better quality research designed to examine the associations between religion and health, and the potential relevance such associations might have for medical practice.
The cross-culturally disordered self: A self-psychological study and treatment

The psychotherapeutic treatment of a young woman whose development was thwarted by patriarchal, sexist, familial, and cultural contexts is presented and discussed. The history, dream material, and symptomotology indicate developmental deficits from which derived a lack of cohesive, individual selfhood as well as narcissistic vulnerabilities manifested by a high propensity for shame. The author posits a view of patriarchy as acculturating women subjectively to experience themselves on an unconscious fantasy level as appendages of men, thus depriving them of genuine and authentic selfhood. This perspective is used as a lens through which this woman's experience in two patriarchal cultures can be empathically understood. The case enables us to examine how the process of acculturation in patriarchal contexts can interfere with women's capacity to develop a strong sense of self and allows us to consider whether and how human development is culturally determined.
Exploring stakeholders’ attitudes and beliefs regarding behaviors that prevent the spread of invasive species

The Theory of Planned Behavior was used as a framework for investigating recreationists’ attitudes, subjective norms, and behavioral control beliefs pertaining to behaviors that reduce the spread of invasive species. A series of focus groups comprised of gardeners, fishers, hunters, and boaters was convened in Oregon, USA. Findings indicate six belief barriers to changing leisure behaviors. These are the attitudes that: (1) behaviors, such as using pesticides, may be worse for the environment than invasive species; and (2) the fight against invasive species is a losing battle. Also, the norm beliefs that: (3) invasive species management is a low priority for many institutions; and (4) the general public does not know and does not care about invasive species. Finally, the behavioral control beliefs that: (5) one does not know enough about invasive species preventive behaviors to be effective; and (6) recommended preventive behaviors are too difficult to perform. Understanding the beliefs that inhibit behav...
Determination of the aroma impact compounds in heated sweet cream butter

This study was conducted to determine which volatile compounds are primarily responsible for the aroma of heated sweet cream butter. Static headspace analysis was used for aroma isolation and gas chromatography–olfactometry (GC–O) for the selection of odour-active components. Quantiﬁcation of selected odourants was done via purge and trap-GC/mass spectrometry (MS). Nineteen odour-active compounds were detected in the headspace (static) of heated butter (hydrogen sulphide, methanethiol, acetaldehyde, 2,3-butanedione, 1-hexen-3-one, butanoic acid, 3-methylbutanoic acid, 2-heptanone, methional, dimethyl trisulphide, 1-octen-3-one, hexanoic acid, furaneol, δ-hexanolactone, nonanal, (E)-2-nonenal, δ-octanolactone, skatole and δ-decanolactone). Aroma recombination studies followed by sensory analysis indicated that the aroma of our heated butter model was rated the same (similarity) as a heated commercial butter (obtained from local market) in comparison to a heated freshly manufactured butter. The aroma of a heated commercial unsalted butter and a heated butter aroma model of Budin 1 also were signiﬁcantly less similar than the aroma of our heated butter model in comparison to a heated freshly manufactured butter. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Detecting and characterizing circular RNAs

Circular RNA transcripts were first identified in the early 1990s but knowledge of these species has remained limited, as their study through traditional methods of RNA analysis has been difficult. Now, novel bioinformatic approaches coupled with biochemical enrichment strategies and deep sequencing have allowed comprehensive studies of circular RNA species. Recent studies have revealed thousands of endogenous circular RNAs in mammalian cells, some of which are highly abundant and evolutionarily conserved. Evidence is emerging that some circRNAs might regulate microRNA (miRNA) function, and roles in transcriptional control have also been suggested. Therefore, study of this class of noncoding RNAs has potential implications for therapeutic and research applications. We believe the key future challenge for the field will be to understand the regulation and function of these unusual molecules.
METABOLIC PROPERTIES OF "LIPOPEPTIDES" ISOLATED FROM HEN OVIDUCT.

Abstract Amino acids were found to rapidly enter and leave a purified lipopeptide material isolated from hen oviduct. It appears that amino acids leaving this material enter another purified lipopeptide. The labeling of the second material is inhibited by dinitrophenol, but not that of the first. The equilibration of these materials with the internal and external amino acid pools is considered as well as the interpretation of these findings in relation to the early stages of protein synthesis.
Overestimation of DNA by ultraviolet measurement: a correction factor for toad bladder epithelial cells.

Abstract Nondestructive ultraviolet light at 260 mμ may be used for measurement of DNA in toad bladder and other tissues rather than the diphenylamine method provided an ultraviolet correction factor is applied after the technique we have outlined. This factor can be obtained by calculating the slope of the regression line derived from the tissue DNA values measured in the same sample by the two methods described.
Water (hydrogen) in the lunar mantle: Results from petrology and magma ocean modeling

Abstract Measurements of hydroxyl or water in lunar materials are being used to suggest that melting source regions within the Moon contained tens to hundreds of ppm water. The compositions of magmatic source regions in the Moon can be calculated using magma ocean fractional solidification models, given an initial bulk composition. Our magma ocean models demonstrate that to make a source region with 10 to 200 ppm water, the bulk magma ocean must contain 100 to 1000 ppm water or more (and in a 1000-km deep lunar magma ocean, 1000 ppm water is equivalent to ~ 5% of an Earth ocean by weight). As solidification of the magma ocean continues water and other incompatible elements are progressively enriched in the evolving liquids. The final KREEP-like liquids would contain the greatest fraction of water. We suggest that a bulk magma ocean with over ~ 100 ppm water is prohibited by constraints on these KREEP-like final magma ocean liquids, and by the thermodynamic equilibrium requirement with metallic iron in mare basalts. We conclude that bulk lunar interior water contents must be at the low end of the range posited by recent observations (
Solitary fibrous tumor of the thyroid: cytopathologic findings and differential diagnosis.

Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) is an uncommon mesenchymal neoplasm that arises primarily from the pleura. Extrapleural occurrences are rare. To our knowledge, there is no published account of this entity in the thyroid in the cytopathology literature. We report the case of a 61-yr-old man who was evaluated at The Johns Hopkins Hospital for a slow-growing thyroid mass that was present for 2 yr despite thyroid hormone suppression. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) was within normal limits. The patient underwent ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (FNA), which showed predominantly discohesive slender spindle-shaped cells and fragments of collagenized stromal tissue. After the FNA diagnosis of "thyroid neoplasm" was made, the patient underwent a near-total thyroidectomy, which revealed a SFT. Differential diagnosis of spindle cell lesions in thyroid is also presented.
Finite element analysis of a subsurface crack

The problem of a subsurface crack parallel to the surface of a half space was studied by the finite element method. Without using the interface or gap elements over the crack faces, the crack faces would penetrate into each other for the traction-free boundary condition under shear loading, which is physically impossible. Using the gap elements, this problem was avoided, and a contact zone was observed near one crack tip. The size of the contact zone decreases but the maximum contact pressure at the closed crack tip increases as the crack approaches the surface. For tensile and shear loadings, both K I (mode I stress intensity factor) and K II (mode II stress intensity factor) increase as the crack approaches the surface. For shear loading there is no K I at the closed tip and the K I and K II at the open tip are comparable as the crack approaches the surface.
Complicating Myth: A Review of Bruce Lincoln’s Gods and Demons, Priests and Scholars: Critical Explorations in the History of Religions

Abstract Bruce Lincoln’s recent work, Gods and Demons, Priests and Scholars: Critical Explorations in the History of Religions is a collection of previously published essays on theory and myth. The collection has great pedagogical value for introducing graduate and advanced undergraduate students to the critical study of religion. This review takes up one common refrain in the essays, the role and work of religious experts, and suggests ways in which Lincoln’s work can be clarified and expanded by the cognitive theory of Harvey Whitehouse.
Perioperative antibiotics for surgical site infection in pancreaticoduodenectomy: does the SCIP-approved regimen provide adequate coverage?

Introduction The Joint Commission Surgical Care Improvement Project (SCIP) includes performance measures aimed at reducing surgical site infections (SSI). One measure defines approved perioperative antibiotics for general operative procedures. However, there may be a subset of procedures not adequately covered with the use of approved antibiotics. We hypothesized that piperacillin-tazobactam is a more appropriate perioperative antibiotic for pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD). Methods In collaboration with hospital epidemiology and the Division of Infectious Diseases, we retrospectively reviewed records of 34 patients undergoing PD between March and May 2008 who received SCIP-approved perioperative antibiotics and calculated the SSI rate. After changing our perioperative antibiotic to piperacillin-tazobactam, we prospectively reviewed PDs performed between June 2008 and March 2009 and compared the SSI rates before and after the change. Results For 34 patients from March through May 2008, the SSI rate for PD was 32.4 per 100 cases. Common organisms from wound cultures were Enterobacter and Enterococcus (50.0% and 41.7%, respectively), and these were cefoxitin resistant. From June 2008 through March 2009, 106 PDs were performed. During this period, the SSI rate was 6.6 per 100 surgeries, 80% lower than during March through May 2008 (relative risk, 0.204; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.086–0.485; P = .0004). Conclusion Use of piperacillin-tazobactam as a perioperative antibiotic in PD may reduce SSI compared with the use of SCIP-approved antibiotics. Continued evaluation of SCIP performance measures in relationship to patient outcomes is integral to sustained quality improvement.
A hierarchy machine: learning to optimize from nature and humans

This article proposes a competent hierarchical optimization method called the hierarchical Bayesian optimization algorithm (hBOA). hBOA extends the Bayesian optimization algorithm (BOA) by incorporating three important features for robust and scalable optimization of hierarchical problems: proper decomposition, chunking, and preservation of alternative solutions. Additionally, the article proposes a class of difficult hierarchical problems called hierarchical traps, hBOA is shown to provide a scalable solution to the class of hierarchically decomposable problems and anything easier. Specifically, hBOA can solve hierarchical traps and other nearly decomposable problems in approximately O(n1.55 log n) to O(n2) function evaluations, where n is the number of decision variables in the problem.
Must a Man Be His Cousin's Keeper?

ing to compel one person to donate a portion of his body to another. Yet recent events in Pittsburgh raised just that question. Robert McFall, a thirty-nine-yearold, unmarried asbestos worker, suffering from a usually fatal aplastic anemia, filed a suit in Judge Flaherty's court seeking an injunction to compel David Shimp, his unwilling cousin, to undergo a bone marrow transplant that doctors claimed was necessary to save McFall's life. The average citizen is probably also not aware of the strange things that periodically happen in American trial courts. A year ago, Judge Flaherty had sustained the right of a competent woman, a Jehovah's Witness, to refuse a blood transfusion, only to have his decision overturned by another judge who would not allow the woman to die. Three years earlier, another Pittsburgh judge allowed a surgeon to amputate the gangrenous leg of an unconscious sixty-seven-year-old man, who had previously made his daughter promise that she would never approve of an amputation. The judge labeled his decision "more of a human decision than a judicial one." Before McFall's suit, there had never been a case in this country (or possibly anywhere in the world) seeking to extract bodily tissue from an objecting donor. There had been a scattering of transplant cases, including some bone marrow transplantation, where the potential donor was either mentally incompetent and unable either to consent or object, or a child who was willing to make the donation but because of legal minority required judicial sanction to do so. In one such case, a kidney was sought from a mentally retarded man because another relative had refused to donate his. There is no mention in that case of compelling a donation from that relative, a forty-three-year-old farmer with nine children who refused on the grounds that his first duty was to his family. In another case, one involving bone marrow transplantation, a thirteen-year-old mentally retarded boy (and the only compatible donor) was selected to be the donor following a court hearing. The parents of the children (the donor and recipient were siblings) refused to consider the possibility of a third normal sibling, an only daughter, becoming the donor. Yet here it was-the unthinkable being sought and brought to court. Some would say that McFall never had any real chance because the law is so well settled. As Judge Flaherty stated in his opinion denying the transplant request, "Our society, contrary to many others, has as its first principle, the respect for the individual, and that soc ety and government exist to protect the individual from being invaded and hurt by another." Yet the vitality of our legal system lies in its continual potential for change, and knowing this, McFall's lawer was ineluctably tempted to break new ground, as indeed it was arguably his professional responsibility to do.
Effects of adenosine infusion on the minimum alveolar concentration of isoflurane in dogs.

Abstract Objective To determine the effects of adenosine infusion on the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of isoflurane in dogs. Study design Prospective, randomized crossover study. Animals Seven adult male and female Beagles weighing 10.9 (7.5, 13.6) kg [median (minimum, maximum)]. Methods Each dog was anesthetized with isoflurane in oxygen and randomly assigned to receive either an intravenous (IV) adenosine (0.3 mg kg−1 minute−1) or saline (6 mL kg−1 hour−1 IV) infusion. After an interval of 7 days or more, each dog was re-anesthetized and treated with the alternative infusion. Using a tail-clamp technique, MAC was determined before (pre-infusion), during (infusion), and 2 hours after the infusions (post-infusion). Results The pre-infusion MAC of isoflurane was 1.25 (1.15, 1.35) [median (minimum, maximum)] vol.% for the saline treatment group and 1.25 (1.05, 1.45) vol.% for the adenosine treatment group, and did not differ significantly between the two treatments. The infusion MAC values were not significantly different (p = 0.16) and were 1.25 (0.95, 1.35) vol.% and 1.05 (1.00, 1.25) vol.%, respectively. The post-infusion MAC values differed significantly (p = 0.016); MAC was 1.15 (1.15, 1.35) vol.% and 1.05 (1.05, 1.25) vol.% for the saline and adenosine treatment groups, respectively. During infusion, mean arterial blood pressure decreased significantly (p = 0.008) during adenosine treatment compared with the saline 66 mmHg (52, 72) and 91 mmHg (68, 110), respectively. End-tidal CO2 (P e ′CO2), urine production, hematocrit, and plasma total solids did not differ significantly between the two treatments at any time (all p > 0.05). Conclusion Although the MAC of isoflurane in dogs was not decreased significantly during infusion with adenosine (0.3 mg kg−1 minute−1), it was significantly decreased post-infusion, but only by 0.1 vol.%, an amount not considered clinically important. Adenosine infusion decreased mean arterial pressure by 27% and did not adversely affect renal function.