cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Solution structure of the Hdm2 C2H2C4 RING, a domain critical for ubiquitination of p53.

Regulation of the transcriptional response to the tumor suppressor p53 occurs at many levels, including control of its transcriptional activity, and of its stability and concentration within the cell. p53 stability is regulated by the protein Hdm2, an E3 ubiquitin ligase that binds to p53 and promotes its ubiquitination and degradation. The C-terminal domain of Hdm2, which is critical for this activity, has been classified as a RING domain on the basis of sequence homology, although it lacks the canonical set of zinc ligands (RING domains typically have C3HC4 or C4C4 zinc coordination). Here, we report the solution structure of the C2H2C4 RING domain of Hdm2(429– 491), which reveals a symmetrical dimer with a unique cross-brace zincbinding scheme. Each subunit has one Cys4 Zn site and one His2Cys2 Zn site. The global fold of each subunit is similar to those reported for other RING domains, with a compact ββαβ fold, a small hydrophobic core, and two Zn ions, which are essential for maintaining the domain structure. The dimer structure is maintained by an extensive interface that buries a large hydrophobic area on each subunit. It has been proposed that Hdm2 and its homologue HdmX form a stable heterodimer through their RING domains, resulting in a synergistic increase in observed E3 activity. To test this proposal, we prepared an HdmX RING construct and showed by NMR titration that it forms a tight 1:1 complex with the Hdm2 RING. The resonances most perturbed by heterodimer formation are located within the subunit interface of the homodimer, far removed from the surface expected to form the docking site of the E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme, providing a structure-based rationale for the function of the RING domains in p53 ubiquitination.
Response to Comment on “Engineering coherence among excited states in synthetic heterodimer systems”

Halpin, Johnson, and Miller contest our assignment of quantum beating signals observed in the two-dimensional electronic spectra of a series of fluorescein heterodimers to electronic coherences. Here, we present resonance Raman spectra, statistical analysis on multiple data sets, and an explanation of differences between the family of molecules described in our Report and the homodimer examined by the commenters. We contend that these results all support our assignment of the beating signals to electronic coherences.
Myocardial effects of long-term cigarette smoking: relative roles of carbon monoxide and nicotine.

Abstract In a prior study of an animal model exposed to long-term cigarette smoking, left ventricular performance was observed to decline in association with morphologic evidence of collagen accumulation. Because controversy has existed as to whether nicotine or carbon monoxide is the major pathogenetic agent in cigarette smoking, 18 young adult male beagles with chronic tracheostomy were placed in three groups of six dogs each: Group 1 served as a control group; group 2 received seven cigarettes of low nicotine content (0.2 mg/cigarette), which effected a peak carboxyhemoglobin level approximating 5/100 ml, similar to that of regular cigarettes; and group 3 received nicotine twice daily intramuscularly in an amount equivalent to seven cigarettes/day. In the intact anesthetized state, heart rate, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and volume (indicator dilution) did not differ among the three groups. To assess relative myocardial wall stiffness, saline solution was infused into the left ventricular chamber. A significantly higher end-diastolic pressure and tension were elicited in group 3, suggesting a decrease in left ventricular compliance. No such change was observed in either group 1 or 2. Only long-term nicotine use was associated with increased hydroxyproline content in the left ventricular myocardium, suggesting a basis for enhanced stiffness. An index of left ventricular contractility was derived from the peak rate of rise of left ventricular pressure ( dP dt ), normalized for preload and afterload. Groups 1 and 2 showed no difference in this index (2.18 ± 0.3 versus 2.15 ± 0.18 muscle lengths/s per cm) at similar levels of aortic pressure, but the index was significantly lower (1.28 ± 0.12, p
Immobilization of conalbumin onto polystyrene/divinylbenzene co‐polymers: Towards finding the best support for MAMC

Immediately after the successful immobilization of conalbumin onto CNBr-activated Sepharose, efforts were begun to find a less expensive support and a more benign chemistry of activation. The potential of the Sepharose-conalbumin conjugate for decontamination of several metal-containing waste-waters has been established, and a new method of chromatography has emerged, named metalloprotein affinity metal chromatography (MAMC). Efforts to immobilize conalbumin onto polystyrene/divinylbenzene co-polymers, using the well known and commercially available Merrifield, aminomethyl and plain polystyrene resins are presented here. Immobilizations of conalbumin were carried out on the Merrifield and Aminomethyl resins, but the procedures were time consuming and complicated by polymer aggregation. Because of high cost of these materials, research was directed towards the activation and functionalization of plain polystyrene/divinylbenzene co-polymers. Chlorosulfonation followed by sulfonamide formation was attempted on three commercially available polymers. Successful polysulfonamide formation was achieved with bislysine copper(II) acting as a diamine. Removal of the copper allows the unblocking of the alpha amino group of the immobilized lysine which in turn is treated with glutaraldehyde, affording an activated support for immobilization of proteins. To date, approximately 46 mg transferrin/g dry matrix have been successfully immobilized. The chemical and biological inertness of this support makes it a good candidate to scale up the procedure and continue the optimization of MAMC.
Fungal Arthritis. I. Candida Arthritis: Diagnostic and Prognostic Implications and Therapeutic Considerations

T HE INCIDENCE of Candida infections, both focal and generalized, has been increasing rapidly in recent years.‘-4 Septic arthritis due to Candida, however, has been uncommonly described, and extensive literature review turned up only 17 reported cases. ‘-I!’ We document our experience with two such patients and review the previously cited cases. The wide spectrum of clinical disease and certain diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic features are emphasized.
New type of time-varying octave filter

Double quadrature-modulation realisations of lowpass and highpass filters were described recently by Saraga. Extensions to these methods lead to the design of an octave filter using one carrier oscillator rather than the two needed for an equivalent filter designed by the technique referred to above. If the output frequencies are not required to be identical to the input frequencies, this filter also uses fewer modulators. By employing two carrier oscillators, any desired bandwidth may be obtained; the bandwidth and passband position may then be independently varied.
Assessing the cost of cystic fibrosis diagnosis and treatment.

Objectives To extend previous evaluations of costs of cystic fibrosis (CF) diagnosis and examine key issues in assessing the CF cost of care. Study design Costs for CF newborn screening (NBS) including CF multi-mutation testing are analyzed by using data from the Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene. Electronic data from 2 Wisconsin CF centers are used to illustrate the complexity of analyzing CF health care utilization and costs. Results The current cost-per-newborn of a CF multi-mutation test is 50% higher than testing for a single mutation. Data collection for the cost-of-care study requires a combination of electronic and manual data collection; modeling of cost data requires consideration of any censoring. Hospitalizations are shown to have a large impact on costs and show high variability at the individual level. Sixty-nine percent of children with meconium ileus had some hospitalization versus 56% of children without meconium ileus. Conclusion A cost-benefit analysis of CF multi-mutation testing is warranted. The study of health care cost data is complex and utilization varies between children. Individual-level modeling of CF costs must include factors contributing to the severity of the disease and allow for consideration of individual-level utilization, such as the number of hospitalizations.
Anterior capsulolabral reconstruction of the shoulder in athletes

We did an anterior capsulolabral reconstruction for recurrent subluxation or dislocation of the shoulder in 75 athletes after failure of conservative therapy. Average follow-up was 39 months (range 28 to 60 months). The results were 77% excellent, 75% good, 3% fair, and 5% poor. Seventy-five percent of the professional and 100% of the college baseball players returned to their previous level of competition. Seventy-seven percent of the professional pitchers were able to return to professional pitching. The range of motion at follow-up was full in 79% of the athletes. No infections or nerve injuries occurred. The anterior capsulolabral reconstruction procedure combined with an early rehabilitation program appears to provide an improved outcome compared with previously reported procedures for anterior instability of the shoulder in athletes.
Thermodynamic properties of CFC alternatives: A survey of the available data☆

Les proprietes thermodynamiques de dix hydrocarbures halogenes ont ete recueillies a partir de plusieurs sources, et notamment des donnees non publiees a ce jour. On considere le point triple, le point d'ebullition normal et les parametres du point critique ainsi que la dependance de temperature de la pression de vapeur, la densite de liquide sature et la capacite calorifique du gaz ideal, comme les donnees p-V-T (pression-volume-temperature) de la phase unique. Les donnees sur la saturation et le gaz ideal sont representees sous forme de simples correlations. Les fluides susceptibles de remplacer les chlorofluorocarbures entierement halogenes sont les suivants: R23, R32, R125, R143a, R22, R134a, R152a, R124, R142b et R123
Interlibrary Loan Staffing in Liberal Arts College Libraries

To document interlibrary loan staffing and organizational structure in liberal arts college libraries, a national survey was conducted. The survey sample included 79 libraries at private liberal arts colleges that enrolled an FTE of fewer than 5,000 students. The participants were selected primarily from the Oberlin Group, the Iowa private academic libraries, and schools affiliated with the ELCA (Evangelical Lutheran Church in America). Although 61% of the sample institutions responded to the survey, which was offered online using Survey Monkey, only 56% completed the full survey. An analysis of the results suggests that interlibrary loan staffing patterns and organizational structures are more unique than uniform.
Output feedback tracking controller

A novel tracking controller is presented for linear time-invariant control systems, where only the output is available for feedback. To compensate for the lack of full state vector feedback, delayed output feedback is employed. Zero tracking error is accomplished by delayed feedforward of the reference input. >
Optimizing Dry Mouth Treatment for Individuals with Sjögren's Syndrome

A hallmark of the oral component of Sjogren's syndrome (SS) is the complaint of dry mouth thought to be secondary to dysfunction of the salivary glands. This article describes how treatment may be optimized for individuals who have dry mouth.
Performance of turbo coded BPSK for an aeronautical channel

In this paper, we present the results of using a turbo decoder to retrieve a serially encoded data stream, which has been transmitted over a multipath channel. The transmitted data streams are Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK) modulated signals, which are encoded using two rate one-half (1/2) recursive systematic convolutional (RSC) encoders, and then transmitted over the channel. An aeronautical channel is very fast fading and time varying, and it has been modeled as an FIR filter with complex channel gains determined by Doppler and the multipath. At the receiver, we utilize turbo decoding to estimate the effect of the channel on the transmitted data. Simulation results are provided comparing the bit error rates of Turbo decoded BPSK to that of un-coded BPSK sent over an A WGN and a time-invariant multipath channel.
Unconformities and age relationships, Tongue River and older members of the Fort Union Formation (Paleocene), western Williston Basin, U.S.A.

An unconformable relationship is observed within the Paleocene Fort Union Formation in the western Williston Basin at the contact between the Tongue River Member and the underlying Lebo and Ludlow Members. Isotopic dates and pollen biozone data reported here are integrated with previously published data. A new correlation of these facies results in a revised history of localized depositional and tectonic events. One unconformity occurs at this lithological contact in the Pine Hills (PH), Terry Badlands (TB), and Ekalaka (E) areas west of the Cedar Creek anticline (CCA), and another unconformity occurs at the same lithological contact in the Little Missouri River (LMR) area east of the CCA. The two unconformities differ in age by about two million years. The older is the U 2 and the younger is the U 3 , which initially were recognized in the Ekalaka area of southeastern Montana (Belt et al., 2002). The U 2 crops out in the TB, PH, and E areas, where at least 85 m of Tongue River strata bearing palynomorphs characteristic of biozone P-3 are found above the unconformity. Radiometric dates from strata (bearing palynomorphs characteristic of biozone P-2) below the U 2 range in age from 64.0 to 64.73 Ma. The U 2 unconformity west of the CCA thus occurs in strata near the base of the lower P-3 biozone. The U 3 crops out in the LMR area (east of the CCA), where only 13 m of strata characterized by the P-3 pollen biozone occur above it. Radiometric dates from an ash <1 m above the U 3 in that area range in age from 61.03 to 61.23 Ma, and the P-3/P-4 pollen biozone boundary is located 13 m above the ashes. The U 3 thus occurs in strata characterized by upper parts of the P-3 pollen biozone east of the CCA. The U 3 is also identifiable in the middle of the ca. 200 m-thick Tongue River Member west of the CCA, where mammal sites 40 to 80 m above it are Tiffanian-3 in age. The strata below this unconformity are tilted gently to the northwest; strata above the unconformity are flat lying. This mid Tongue River unconformity probably correlates with the unconformity at the base of the Tongue River Member in the LMR area east of the CCA, where a Ti-2 mammal site (the “X-X” locality) occurs <10 m above it. Depositional and tectonic events can be summarized using North American Mammal Age nomenclature as a relative time scale. From latest Cretaceous through Puercan time, paleodrainage was toward the east or southeast, in the direction of the Cannonball Sea. The Black Hills did not serve as an obstruction at that time. During early Torrejonian time, the Miles City arch (MCA) and Black Hills were uplifted and partially eroded, leading to the U 2 unconformity. When deposition resumed, paleodrainages shifted to a northeasterly course. During middle and late Torrejonian time, facies of the lower Tongue River (“Dominy”) sequence and the Ekalaka Member of the Fort Union Formation were
Soft constraints in interactive behavior: the case of ignoring perfect knowledge in-the-world for imperfect knowledge in-the-head*,**

Constraints and dependencies among the elements of embodied cognition form patterns or microstrategies of interactive behavior. Hard constraints determine which microstrategies are possible. Soft constraints determine which of the possible microstrategies are most likely to be selected. When selection is non-deliberate or automatic the least effort microstrategy is chosen. In calculating the effort required to execute a microstrategy each of the three types of operations, memory retrieval, perception, and action, are given equal weight; that is, perceptual-motor activity does not have a privileged status with respect to memory. Soft constraints can work contrary to the designer’s intentions by making the access of perfect knowledge in-the-world more effortful than the access of imperfect knowledge in-the-head. These implications of soft constraints are tested in two experiments. In experiment 1 we varied the perceptual-motor effort of accessing knowledge in-the-world as well as the effort of retrieving items from memory. In experiment 2 we replicated one of the experiment 1 conditions to collect eye movement data. The results suggest that milliseconds matter. Soft constraints lead to a reliance on knowledge in-the-head even when the absolute difference in perceptual-motor versus memory retrieval effort is small, and even when relying on memory leads to a higher error rate and lower performance. We discuss the implications of
Limited receptive area neural classifier for recognition of swallowing sounds using continuous wavelet transform

In this paper we propose a sound recognition technique based on the limited receptive area (LIRA) neural classifier and continuous wavelet transform (CWT). LIRA neural classifier was developed as a multipurpose image recognition system. Previous tests of LIRA demonstrated good results in different image recognition tasks including: handwritten digit recognition, face recognition, metal surface texture recognition, and micro work piece shape recognition. We propose a sound recognition technique where scalograms of sound instances serve as inputs of the LIRA neural classifier. The methodology was tested in recognition of swallowing sounds. Swallowing sound recognition may be employed in systems for automated swallowing assessment and diagnosis of swallowing disorders. The experimental results suggest high efficiency and reliability of the proposed approach.
Dissolution of Full-Length Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Full-length single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) were rendered soluble in common organic solvents by noncovalent (ionic) functionalization of the carboxylic acid groups present in the purified SWNTs. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) showed that the majority of the SWNTs ropes were exfoliated into small ropes (2−5 nm in diameter) and individual nanotubes with lengths of several micrometers during the dissolution process. The combination of multiwavelength laser excitation Raman scattering spectroscopy and solution-phase visible and near-infrared spectroscopies was used to characterize the library of SWNTs that is produced in current preparations. The average diameter of metallic nanotubes was found by Raman spectroscopy to be smaller than that of semiconducting nanotubes in the various types of full-length SWNT preparations. This observation sheds new light on the mechanism of SWNT formation.
How do you feel about fertility and parenthood? The voices of young female cancer survivors

Purpose Young adult cancer survivors are often unaware of their fertility status and uninformed regarding their fertility and fertility preservation options. This qualitative research study explores the fertility and parenthood concerns of reproductive-age female cancer survivors and how they make parenthood decisions.
Computational analysis of a tension cone supersonic inflatable aerodynamic decelerator

The 2009 Mars Science Laboratory mission has brought renewed awareness to the difficulty of landing large payloads on the surface of Mars. As a result, a new suite of decelerator technologies is being investigated for future robotic and human-precursor missions. One such technology is the supersonic inflatable aerodynamic decelerator (IAD). Previous studies have shown that a supersonic IAD can provide sizable increases in landed mass versus traditional parachute based systems, particularly for near-term robotic mission. This is due to the ability of an IAD to deploy at higher Mach numbers and dynamic pressures than a parachute, thus allowing for greater deceleration earlier in the entry sequence.
Enhanced reactivity to pain in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

Introduction Maladaptive physiological responses to stress appear to play a role in chronic inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, relatively little stress research in RA patients has involved the study of pain, the most commonly reported and most impairing stressor in RA. In the present study, we compared psychophysical and physiological responses to standardized noxious stimulation in 19 RA patients and 21 healthy controls.
An adaptive calibration technique for micromachined pressure sensors

An adaptive calibration technique which continuously calibrates the linearity of capacitive microsensors is described. The sensing system utilizes two sense capacitors of different size and two sigma-delta (/spl Sigma//spl Delta/) analog-to-digital converters (ADCs). A small, linear sensor is used to calibrate the linearity of a larger, higher-resolution sensor. The integrated circuit containing the ADCs is built in a 0.6 /spl mu/m, double-poly CMOS technology and uses 150 mW from a 5 V supply.
The role of eye fixations in concentration and amplification effects during multiple object tracking

When tracking spatially extended objects in a multiple object tracking task, attention is preferentially directed to the centres of those objects (attentional concentration), and this effect becomes more pronounced as object length increases (attentional amplification). However, it is unclear whether these effects depend on differences in attentional allocation or differences in eye fixations. We addressed this question by measuring eye fixations in a dual-task paradigm that required participants to track spatially extended objects, while simultaneously detecting probes that appeared at the centres or near the endpoints of objects. Consistent with previous research, we observed concentration and amplification effects: Probes at the centres of objects were detected more readily than those near their endpoints, and this difference increased with object length. Critically, attentional concentration was observed when probes were equated for distance from fixation during free viewing, and concentration and amplification were observed without eye movements during strict fixation. We conclude that these effects reflect the prioritization of covert attention to particular spatial regions within extended objects, and we discuss the role of eye fixations during multiple object tracking.
e-QoS: energy-aware QoS for application sessions across multiple protocol domains in mobile computing

In this paper we propose a novel energy-aware QoS model, e-QoS, for application sessions that might across multiple protocol domains. The model provides the QoS guarantee by dynamically selecting and adapting application protocols. To the best of our knowledge, our model is the first attempt to address QoS adaptation at the application session level by proposing a new QoS metric called session lifetime. To show the effectiveness of the proposed scheme, we have implemented a case study: instant messenger applications between two PocketPCs. Experiment shows that the session lifetime has been successfully extended to the value negotiated by two PocketPCs with very diverse battery capacities.
THE SPIN-BOSON MODEL AS A PROBLEM OF NONLINEAR STOCHASTIC PHYSICS

The semiclassical approximation to the spin-boson model leads to interesting nonlinear effects, triggered by the important action of the reaction field, namely the influence that the boson "bath" exerts on the spin system. This paper illustrates the quantum mechanical mamifestations of the semiclassical nonlinearity in a variety of conditions.
Religious diversity and federalism

The idea of federalism was initially a religious one, applying the idea of a covenant to political organisation. It was from this religious understanding that the modern political understanding of federalism emerged. Some of the critical decisions of the founders of the United States of America were those dealing with the question of religious diversity: in addition to religious ideas of governing by covenant, there was a strong element of separation of church and state, so that no denomination would be favoured over another. In other federal systems, federalism has been used to protect religious diversity in a variety of ways. The period since World War II has been marked by the emergence of new forms of federalism, such as the post-modern confederation. In many cases the constituent states of these confederal arrangements have had dominant or even established religions of their own differing from those of their associates co-existing under the religiously neutral framework of the confederation. As the relationship between religion and state continues to undergo re-evaluation, federalism adds to the range of possibilities for accommodating
Regularization scheme dependence of predictions in inflationary cosmology.

We show that there exists a large class of regularization schemes for probabilistic predictions in the theory of a self-reproducing inflationary universe, all of which eliminate the apparent dependence on the time reparametrization. However, all these schemes lead to different answers for relative probabilities of finding various types of post-inflationary universes. In addition, all these schemes fail to be reparametrization invariant beyond the range of the inflaton field close to the end of the inflation boundary. Therefore, we argue that at the current level of understanding, the simple regularization schemes associated with cutoffs at equal time hypersurfaces are as good as the recently proposed more complicated procedures which try to fix the time-reparametrization dependence. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Video super-resolution using controlled subpixel detector shifts

Video cameras must produce images at a reasonable frame-rate and with a reasonable depth of field. These requirements impose fundamental physical limits on the spatial resolution of the image detector. As a result, current cameras produce videos with a very low resolution. The resolution of videos can be computationally enhanced by moving the camera and applying super-resolution reconstruction algorithms. However, a moving camera introduces motion blur, which limits super-resolution quality. We analyze this effect and derive a theoretical result showing that motion blur has a substantial degrading effect on the performance of super-resolution. The conclusion is that, in order to achieve the highest resolution motion blur should be avoided. Motion blur can be minimized by sampling the space-time volume of the video in a specific manner. We have developed a novel camera, called the "jitter camera," that achieves this sampling. By applying an adaptive super-resolution algorithm to the video produced by the jitter camera, we show that resolution can be notably enhanced for stationary or slowly moving objects, while it is improved slightly or left unchanged for objects with fast and complex motions. The end result is a video that has a significantly higher resolution than the captured one.
U.S. and International Community-based Sustainability Projects for Deep Learning

Abstract This chapter uses a generic framework for deep learning to help evaluate how one such higher education program located at Worcester Polytechnic Institute fits this framework. Data on learning outcomes provides quantitative support from sustainability-related, community-based projects conducted on an international level. The use of such projects dealing with sustainability issues both locally and globally is detailed with potential application to similar programs as part of a sustainability education curriculum. This analysis provides an opportunity to identify and characterize community-based sustainability projects and their contribution to higher order, integrative, and reflective learning. We present lessons learned and directions for further research with their practical implications.
The Electrical Nucleation of Ice in Supercooled Clouds

Abstract An electrified wire suspended in a supercooled cloud generates a jet of ice crystals only when there is ice on the wire. On a clean platinum wire no ice forms an the wire down to −20C, but if the wire is coated with a hydrophobic material, ice nucleates on the wire at temperatures as high as −5C. The electrical field of the wire is found to be insufficient to promote ice nucleation by enhancing the free energy difference for the transformation of bulk supercooled water to ice. A mechanism is proposed to explain how the electric field induces an otherwise inert substrate to generate the let of ice crystals.
Brain, Mind, and the Organization of Knowledge for Effective Recall and Application

Modern neuroscientific research has confirmed and amplified our understanding of how we learn and subsequently recall information from memory. This paper presents a novel model of information networking in memory based on neurocognitive theory. Implications for teaching and learning are discussed—especially ways of enhancing learning of subject matter that promote its effective recall, logical organization in networks, and effective application to thinking, including problem solving and higher-order cognitive processes.
Discovery of Transcriptional Targets Regulated by Nuclear Receptors Using a Probabilistic Graphical Model

Nuclear receptors (NRs) are ligand-activated transcriptional regulators that play vital roles in key biological processes such as growth, differentiation, metabolism, reproduction, and morphogenesis. Disruption of NRs can result in adverse health effects such as NR-mediated endocrine disruption. A comprehensive understanding of core transcriptional targets regulated by NRs helps to elucidate their key biological processes in both toxicological and therapeutic aspects. In this study, we applied a probabilistic graphical model to identify the transcriptional targets of NRs and the biological processes they govern. The Tox21 program profiled a collection of approximate 10 000 environmental chemicals and drugs against a panel of human NRs in a quantitative high-throughput screening format for their NR disruption potential. The Japanese Toxicogenomics Project, one of the most comprehensive efforts in the field of toxicogenomics, generated large-scale gene expression profiles on the effect of 131 compounds (in its first phase of study) at various doses, and different durations, and their combinations. We applied author-topic model to these 2 toxicological datasets, which consists of 11 NRs run in either agonist and/or antagonist mode (18 assays total) and 203 in vitro human gene expression profiles connected by 52 shared drugs. As a result, a set of clusters (topics), which consists of a set of NRs and their associated target genes were determined. Various transcriptional targets of the NRs were identified by assays run in either agonist or antagonist mode. Our results were validated by functional analysis and compared with TRANSFAC data. In summary, our approach resulted in effective identification of associated/affected NRs and their target genes, providing biologically meaningful hypothesis embedded in their relationships.
Joint Delay and Doppler Estimation for Passive Sensing With Direct-Path Interference

We consider the problem of joint delay-Doppler estimation of a moving target in a passive radar that employs a non-cooperative illuminator of opportunity (IO) for target illumination, a reference channel (RC) steered to the IO to obtain a reference signal, and a surveillance channel (SC) for target monitoring. We consider a practically motivated scenario, where the RC receives a noise-contaminated copy of the IO signal and the SC observation is polluted by a direct-path interference that is usually neglected by prior studies. We develop a data model without discretizing the parameter space, which may lead to a straddle loss, by treating both the delay and Doppler as continuous parameters. We propose an expectation-maximization based estimator, as well as a modified cross-correlation (MCC) estimator that is a computationally simpler solution resulting from an approximation of the former. In addition, we derive the Cramer-Rao lower bound for the estimation problem. Simulation results are presented to illustrate the performance of the proposed estimators and the widely used CC estimator.
Bisphosphonates in breast cancer: clinical activity and implications of preclinical data.

Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed and second deadliest cancer among women. Bisphosphonates are stable pyro- phosphate analogues used to treat skeletal-related events resulting from bone metastases. In the adjuvant setting, they have been shown to prevent aromatase inhibitor-associated and chemotherapy- induced bone loss. There is a growing body of evidence that bisphos- phonates have direct and indirect anticancer activity in the preclinical and clinical settings. These include the inhibition of tumor growth; induction of apoptosis; synergism with chemotherapy; inhibition of tumor migration, invasion, and metastasis; reduction in disseminated tumor cells; inhibition of angiogenesis; stimulation of immune surveil - lance; and suppression of bone-derived growth factors. In addition to reducing the risk of breast cancer, bisphosphonate therapy has been shown to improve outcomes of early and metastatic breast cancer treatment. This review provides a brief overview of the current role of bisphosphonates in clinical practice and discusses their potential as anticancer agents.
Overview of Wrist and Hand Approaches: Indications for Minimally Invasive Techniques

Orthopedic surgery has seen a recent explosion of minimally invasive techniques1–7 and the wrist and hand are no exception. These techniques range from percutaneous, endoscopic, arthroscopic, to mini-open procedures. The main topics covered in the following chapters include minimally invasive fixation for wrist fractures, endoscopic carpal tunnel release, minimally invasive trigger finger release, and minimally invasive treatment of finger fractures. Indications and advantages of minimally invasive wrist and hand surgery will be discussed as well as detailed descriptions of these new surgical techniques.
MEG Virtual Channel Methods for Movement Prediction and Training

Using a whole-head MEG system, we investigated the possibility of distinguishing between directions of hand movement in the mu-beta (8-32 Hz) and high gamma (76-100 Hz) frequency bands in the hand knob and surrounding prefrontal gyrus. We found that four cardinal directions (up, down, left, right) in center-out tasks could be distinguished to a statistically significant extent in the beta band. While no statistically significant difference was found in the gamma band, it was possible to discriminate between hand movement and rest based on hand knob-localized event-related synchronization. Analysis of hand movement in the beta band could lead to finer coordination of brain computer interfaces.
On the Viscosity of Natural Gases from Qatari North Field Reservoir

New viscosity measurements of three natural gas-like mixtures with compositions resembling those of the Qatari North Field reservoir are reported in this work. The viscosity measurements were performed with an electromagnetic piston viscometer for temperatures from (250 to 450) K and pressure between (10 and 65) MPa. The apparatus was calibrated by use of nitrogen and propane as viscosity reference data. Uncertainties of reported data are ± 2.5 % for pressure less than 30 MPa and ± 4 % for higher pressures. The predictive ability of several models was analyzed in relation to the experimental reported viscosity data, leading to large deviations from the reported measurements. The effects of mixtures’ composition on viscosity were also studied.
Brain Neutral Lipids and Phospholipids Are Modified by Long-Term Feeding of Beef Tallow vs. Corn Oil Diets

Previous studies examining the response of brain lipids to dietary fat modification have not quantified neutral lipids such as diacylglycerols (DG) and triacylglycerols (TG). In this study we measured the concentrations of neutral lipids and phospholipids, and their fatty acid profiles, in the cerebra of rats fed defined diets containing either beef tallow (BT) or corn oil (CO) at 12% or 37% of energy. The diets were fed to rat pups beginning at 18 d of age and continued for 31 wk. The proportion of brain linoleic acid [18 :2(n-6)] in TG from CO-fed rats was two- to fourfold greater than in BT-fed rats. Although 18 :2(n-6) levels were higher in serum and brain TG of rats fed CO, differences in other TG fatty acid concentrations in serum were not reflected in the brain. Rats fed CO diets had higher concentrations of 18 :2(n-6) in brain phospholipids as well as neutral lipids compared with rats fed BT diets, and the differences were greater in rats fed 37% rather than 12% of energy as fat. Differences in other polyunsaturated fatty acids associated with dietary fat composition were also found among the brain phospholipids. Most notably, the concentration of docosapentaenoic acid [22 :5(n-6)] in brain phospholipids was highest in rats fed diets containing the lowest concentrations of α-linolenic acid [18 :3(n-3)]. A concentration of 0.1 mg 18 :3(n-3)/g diet appeared to be adequate to prevent elevation of 22 :5(n-6) in brain phospholipids. These results demonstrate that consumption of a low fat diet (12% of energy) primarily comprised of saturated fats may potentiate an 18 :3(n-3) deficiency in brain of rats.
Studies of myocardial protection in the immature heart. IV. Improved tolerance of immature myocardium to hypoxia and ischemia by intravenous metabolic support.

Thirteen immature puppies (2 to 4 kg) underwent 1 hour of acute hypoxia (oxygen tension 25 to 30 mm Hg), followed by 45 minutes of normothermic global ischemia on total vented bypass with normal blood reperfusion. Ventricular function was assessed by inscribing Starling function curves and measuring stroke work indices before hypoxia and after reperfusion. Seven puppies (control) received normal saline infusion at 4 ml/kg/hr. Six other puppies received a 4 ml/kg/hr intravenous infusion of glutamate/aspartate, glucose-insulin-potassium, mercaptopropionyl glycine, carnitine, and catalase during hypoxia and reperfusion. In control hearts, acute hypoxia depleted myocardial glutamate and aspartate by 52% (p
Using step-wise linear regression to detect "functional" sequence variants: Application to simulated data

Step-wise linear regression was used to detect the “functional” sequence variant in gene 6 responsible for phenotypic variation in traits Q1 and Q2. Prior to analysis, single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that were in complete or near complete linkage disequilibrium were binned. In total, we identified 11 separate alleles (or allelic bins). Analyses were performed on all 50 replicates. The “functional” allele variant in gene 6 (at position 5782) accounted for 24% of the variation in Q1 and 11% of the variation in Q2. We detected a significant association between this SNP and Q1 in 90% of the replicates (i.e., in 45 of 50 replicates) and between this SNP and Q2 in 78% of the replicates. Although significant associations were also observed with some nonfunctional SNPs, our results nevertheless suggest that simple step-wise regression may play a useful role in analyzing sequence data. Some additional extensions to this approach are suggested. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Temporal integration of pain from electrical stimulation of the skin

AbstractThe threshold of sensation and the threshold of pain in response to electrical stimulation (impulses of 1 msec duration) of the skin on the forearm or hand in individuals without pain were compared with the thresholds of individuals with chronic pain in the range 1 to 100 pulses per second repetition rate. The threshold of sensation in patients without pain was little affected by the repetition rate of the stimulation within the range studied, and the threshold for pain decreased exponentially with increasing repetition rate. In individuals with chronic pain the threshold of sensation was similar to that of individuals without pain over the entire range of stimulus repetition rates studied, but the threshold ofpain in patients with pain was lower and less affected by the stimulus rate than it was in the individuals without pain, thus closer to the threshold of sensation. [Neural Res 1997; 19: 481-488J
Frequency division multiplexing in wireless underwater acoustic LANs

On overview of optical technologies, active and passive components, and systems that are deemed suitable for wireless communications is presented in this paper. Specifically addressed is the use of onboard photonics in advanced spacecraft, satellite, etc. for applications in wireless communications. To assess its viability in potential commercial applications, the state-of-the-art of phonics technology and future prospects for economical large capacity multi-channel services is briefly reviewed.
Transient Receptor Potential Canonical 7: A Diacylglycerol-Activated Non-selective Cation Channel

Transient receptor potential canonical 7 (TRPC7) channel is the seventh member of the mammalian TRPC channel family. TRPC7 mRNA, protein, and channel activity have been detected in many tissues and organs from the mouse, rat, and human. TRPC7 has high sequence homology with TRPC3 and TRPC6, and all three channels are activated by membrane receptors that couple to isoforms of phospholipase C (PLC) and mediate non-selective cation currents. TRPC7, along with TRPC3 and TRPC6, can be activated by direct exogenous application of diacylglycerol (DAG) analogues and by pharmacological maneuvers that increase endogenous DAG in cells. TRPC7 shows distinct properties of activation, such as constitutive activity and susceptibility to negative regulation by extracellular Ca2+ and by protein kinase C. TRPC7 can form heteromultimers with TRPC3 and TRPC6. Although TRPC7 remains one of the least studied TRPC channel, its role in various cell types and physiological and pathophysiological conditions is beginning to emerge.
Die Serienspektren und das Atombild des Physikers

Nachdem man erkannt hatte, das die Natur des von einem Stoffe emittierten oder absorbierten Lichtes fur ihn charakteristisch sei, wurde die Untersuchung der Spektren eine wichtige Methode der chemischen Analyse. Kirchhoff und Bunsen [44] bewiesen die grose Leistungsfahigkeit der neuen Methode nicht nur fur den Nachweis der bekannten Elemente, sondern auch fur die Auffindung noch nicht bekannter. Sie entdeckten mit dieser Methode die schweren Alkalimetalle Rb und Cs.
Detector-Free Signal Offset Optimization with Limited Connected Vehicle Market Penetration: Proof-of-Concept Study

Connected vehicle (CV) data have the potential to transform traffic signal operations, but the success of control methods that are based on CV data depends on the level of market penetration. Recent studies of real-time operational strategies in CV environments suggest that penetrations exceeding 20% is required. This study explored the feasibility of using CV data to generate arrival profiles for optimizing arterial progression. Applications to offline (3-h analysis period) and online (15-min analysis period) offset optimization were considered. Vehicle arrival profiles obtained from real-world measurement were used as a basis for comparison. Subsampled distributions were used to estimate the potential distributions that might be obtained from CVs, and these distributions were statistically analyzed to explore the effects of penetration rate, analysis period, and traffic volume. For selected penetration rates ranging from 0.1% to 50%, the subsampled distributions were used to optimize the corridor, and t...
A fast new method for frequency-filter analysis of surface waves: Application in the west pacific

abstract A very simple modification to the Dziewonski multiple filter analysis method for surface-wave data yields a 90 per cent reduction in computation time. The method involves a frequency shift such that the center frequency of the bandpass filter is moved to the origin. The effect is to greatly reduce the apparent bandwidth and allow a reduction of the inverse transform size down to only 256 points. The new method was used to analyze Rayleigh waves for 32 paths to Guam in the southwest Pacific. Results support the existence of a very thick crustal region north of the Fiji Plateau. Data from Samoa exhibited the highest group velocities, peaking at 4.0 km/sec; other regions generally showed anomalously low-group velocities, reflecting the anomalous mantle structure known to exist in many parts of the region.
Synthesis of Donor/Acceptor-Substituted Diazo Compounds in Flow and Their Application in Enantioselective Dirhodium-Catalyzed Cyclopropanation and C-H Functionalization.

A tandem reaction system has been developed for the preparation of donor/acceptor-substituted diazo compounds in continuous flow coupled to dirhodium-catalyzed C–H functionalization or cyclopropanation. Hydrazones were oxidized in flow by solid-supported N-iodo-p-toluenesulfonamide potassium salt (PS-SO2NIK) to generate the diazo compounds, which were then purified by passing through a column of molecular sieves/sodium thiosulfate.
E-086 Effect of age on cerebral arteriovenous malformation draining vein stenosis

Introduction The pathogenesis of venous intimal hyperplasia and venous outflow stenosis associated with cerebral arteriovenous malformation (AVM) draining veins is poorly understood. We sought to determine the relationship between venous stenosis and age. Methods All patients with an AVM seen at our institution between 1990–2016 who underwent a diagnostic cerebral angiogram were retrospectively reviewed (n=281). Draining vein stenosis was measured from angiograms prior to any treatment. Relationship between venous stenosis, age, and age class (5 year increments) was assessed using linear regression analysis. Results 281 patients were included (mean age 39 years, age range 3-83 years, 55% male). Venous stenosis measuring ≥ 50% was present in 59 patients (21% of cohort). Higher percentage stenosis correlated significantly with older age class (R=+0.12, P=0.05) (Figure). Higher percentage stenosis also tended to be associated with older age (R=+0.11, P=0.07) (figure 1). Conclusion Higher percentage venous stenosis is associated with older age class, suggesting that venous stenosis is a progressive disease that occurs by the same process that leads to intimal hyperplasia. Disclosures: S. Shakur: None. D. Brunozzi: None. R. Ismail: None. F. Charbel: None. A. Alaraj: None.
Text. Einführung in die Formale Logik als apophantische Analytik: Das 1. Kapitel des I. Abschnittes der Formalen und Transzendentalen Logik (§§ 12–22)

Der Text der vorliegenden Abhandlung stellt einen Kommentar uber das 1. Kapitel („Die formale Logik als apophantische Analytik“) des A. Teils („Der Weg von der Tradition zur vollen Idee der formalen Logik“) des I. Abschnittes („Die Strukturen und der Umfang der objektiven formalen Logik“) der Formalen und transzendentalen Logik dar. Dieses Kapitel selbst besteht aus elf Paragraphen („§§“) und macht in der Ausgabe der Husserliana-Rcihe weniger als funfundzwanzig gedruckte Seiten aus; dagegen enthalt dieser Kommentar achtzehn Paragraphen und betragt ein Vielfaches des Seitenumfanges dessen, worauf er sich bezieht. Da es im folgenden nicht etwa darum geht, einen Kommentar in dem Sinne zu liefern, das die Paragraphen des kommentierten bzw. zu kommentierenden Textes und diejenigen des kommentierenden Textes in einem einfachen Verhaltnis von „eins-zu-eins“ zueinander stiinden, mus an dieser Stelle einiges uber die strukturellen Kriterien zur Einteilung der Aufgaben gesagt werden, von denen als Prinzipien ausgegangen werden soil. Es ist ubrigens sehr schwierig, einen Kommentar uber die Logik so aufzubauen, das die Struktur desselben auch nur annahernd in der Lage ware, der strukturellen Vollkommenheit bzw. „Wohlgeformtheit“ des Originals einigermaBen Rechnung zu tragen.