cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Experimental approaches to aphasia therapy

Abstract This paper explores ways in which contemporary research in behavioral neuroscience may be applied to treatment of language disability in aphasia. Two trends are examined independently and then mapped onto each other: the first is the neurobiologic pattern of recovery of function following brain damage; the second is the natural history of recovery from aphasia. By overlapping these two disparate sets of data, we have been able to discover biological changes following brain damage which may directly affect features of aphasia. Building on these observations, we are developing new, biologically oriented approaches to treatment of aphasia.
1392 ENHANCED URINARY LACTOFERRIN EXCRETION IN PREMATURE INFANTS FED HUMAN MILK

Premature infants (PI) fed human milk fortified with human milk proteins (FHM) excrete larger amounts of certain immunologic factors in the stool than PI fed isocaloric cow's milk formula (CMF) (Pediatr. Res. 18:423A, 1984). We therefore questioned if FHM feeding would affect the concentration of these factors in other biological fluids. Lactoferrin, lysozyme, and secretory IgA (SIgA) antibodies to E. coli 0 antigens were measured in urine; and lactoferrin, lysozyme, total IgA, SIgA, IgG, IgM, C3 and C4 were measured in sera of 3 and 7 week old infants during 96h balance periods. Serum levels of all immunologic factors were similar in FHM and CMF fed infants. Urinary excretion of lactoferrin was greater in the FHM fed PI.
Low temperature soybean oil hydrogenation by an electrochemical process

Abstract Hydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acids present in soybean oil is accomplished by chemical reduction under mild reaction conditions using relatively very small concentrations (0.7 M) of sodium formate and formic acid. The formate ion is continuously regenerated at the cathode by an electrochemical reaction, and hence it is described as a mediator-assisted electrochemical (MEH) process. The influence of various process variables such as the addition of surfactant, catalyst, electrocatalyst (i.e. mediator or hydrogen donor), pH, nickel catalyst on the extent of hydrogenation, trans fatty acid formation, and the fatty acid profile is described. As compared to the commercial gaseous hydrogenation process, the application of MEH technique results in up to 80% reduction in trans fatty acid while accomplishing the similar level of hydrogenation.
Polyarginine as a multifunctional fusion tag

Fusion to cationic peptides, such as nonaarginine (R(9)), provides a means to deliver molecular cargo into mammalian cells. Here, we provide a thorough analysis of the effect of an R(9) tag on the attributes of a model protein: bovine pancreatic ribonuclease (RNase A). The R(9) tag diminishes the conformational stability of RNase A (DeltaT(m)=-8 degrees C in phosphate-buffered saline). This effect is nearly mitigated by the addition of salt. The tag does not compromise the enzymatic activity of RNase A. An R(9) tag facilitates the purification of RNase A by cation-exchange chromatography and enables the adsorption of RNase A on glass slides and silica resin with the retention of enzymatic activity. The tag can be removed precisely and completely by treatment with carboxypeptidase B. Finally, the R(9) tag increases both the cellular uptake of RNase A and the cytotoxicity of G88R RNase A, a variant that evades the cytosolic ribonuclease inhibitor protein. Thus, we conclude that polyarginine is a versatile protein fusion tag.
The role of etiology in the hyperamylasemia of acute liver failure

Objectives Hyperamylasemia (HA) is often reported in patients with acute liver failure (ALF). Direct toxic effects of acetaminophen on the pancreas have been postulated, but the occurrence of HA in other etiologies raises the question of whether multiorgan failure is part of the pathogenesis of HA in this setting. Our main aim was to describe and analyze the incidence, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of HA in ALF of different etiologies. Methods Patients enrolled in the Acute Liver Failure Study Group registry with an admission amylase value available were included. For the purpose of this analysis, HA was defined as > or =3x upper limits of normal. Patients were classified as having acetaminophen (APAP)- or non-APAP-induced ALF, and by amylase group: normal ( 345). Significant variables identified by univariate analysis were added to a multiple linear regression model. The primary outcome was overall survival. Results In total, 622 eligible patients were identified in the database, including 287 (46%) with APAP-induced ALF; 76 (12%) patients met the criteria for HA. Among patients with HA, 7 (9%) had documented clinical pancreatitis. The incidence of HA was similar among APAP (13%) and non-APAP (12%) patients. Although HA was associated with renal failure and greater Model for End-stage Liver Disease scores for both groups, HA was not an independent predictor of mortality in multivariate analysis. Conclusions Although not an independent predictor of mortality, HA in ALF was present in all etiologies and was associated with diminished overall survival. HA appeared to be related to renal dysfunction in both groups and multiorgan failure in non-APAP ALF.
Aligning IS research and practice: a research agenda for virtual work

Recent advances in information technologies have led organizations to diversify their organizational structures. One of the most prominent trends in this diversification is to conduct work in distributed or virtual environments. Distributed work alternatives are numerous, but the common characteristic that defines these alternatives is the physical separation of employees from each other and/or their organization's workplace. Several corporations have reported their efforts, successes and failures at implementing some form of distributed work. Practitioners face a number of issues when considering virtual work alternatives. However, research does not seem to successfully help in understanding and solving some of these key issues. This chapter attempts to develop a new and broader research agenda that takes into account emerging issues and concerns of practitioners, existing published work and interdisciplinary perspectives on the topic. In doing so, emerging trends in virtual work and supporting technologies are explored.
Coloring link diagrams with a continuous palette

Abstract The well-known technique of n -coloring a diagram of an oriented link l is generalized using elements of the circle T for colors. For any positive integer r , the more general notion of a ( T , r )-coloring is defined by labeling the arcs of a diagram D with elements of the torus T r−1 . The set of ( T , r )-colorings of D is an abelian group, and its quotient by the connected component of the identity is isomorphic to the torsion subgroup of H 1 (M r (l) ; Z). Here M r (l) denotes the r -fold cyclic cover of S 3 branched over the link l . Results about braid entropy are obtained using techniques of symbolic dynamical systems.
Planned cesarean hysterectomy: A preferred alternative to separate operations.

Abstract Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate our institutional experience with planned cesarean hysterectomy. Study Design: In this retrospective case-control investigation of a 16-year experience, 100 pregnant women who underwent planned cesarean hysterectomy were compared with 37 patients who underwent cesarean delivery followed by a hysterectomy performed within 6 months. Results: Women undergoing planned cesarean hysterectomy did not have any demonstrable increase in intraoperative or postoperative complications when compared with the cesarean delivery plus later hysterectomy group. Primarily as a result of significantly reduced hospital stay and shorter total operative time, there was a significant financial advantage associated with a single planned cesarean hysterectomy with respect to separate operations. Conclusions: A policy to undertake planned cesarean hysterectomy for carefully selected patients appeared to produce advantages without increasing risks for these patients. Secondarily, it provided resident physicians the opportunity to learn the operation with supervision and under controlled circumstances. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 1999;180:1385-93.)
Mentoring expectations and realities: an analysis of metaphorical thinking among female undergraduate protegés and their mentors in a university mentoring programme

This article describes the differences between mentors’ and proteges’ expectations and realities regarding mentoring relationships and goals. Faculty and senior undergraduate mentors and female undergraduate proteges who participated in a formal, university mentoring programme at the University of Idaho, organised by the institution’s Women’s Centre, were asked to describe their ideal and actual mentoring relationship through metaphor; the responses were analysed qualitatively to explore proteges’ and mentors’ expectations and experiences. Results indicate that proteges held more traditional and hierarchical mentoring ideals at the beginning of the programme and that most mentoring ideals differed from actual experiences. Given this disparity and because metaphorical processes have the capacity to enhance mentoring experiences due to their generative and expansive capacities, we suggest that metaphors be employed in explicit ways to align expectations and realities between mentors’ and proteges’ expectati...
Experimental characterization of biphasic materials using rate-controlled Hertzian indentation.

Abstract This paper describes a new method, based on Hertzian biphasic theory (HBT), to characterize properties of biphasic materials with reduced time demands, increased surface sensitivity, and reduced computational demands compared to the current gold standards. Indentation experiments were conducted at a single location on a representative osteochondral plug to demonstrate and validate the HBT method against two gold standards, linear biphasic theory (LBT) and tension–compression nonlinear biphasic theory (TCN). The (1) aggregate moduli, (2) permeability and (3) tensile moduli from HBT, LBT, and TCN were (1) H A =0.47, 0.47, and 0.40 MPa, (2) k =0.0026, 0.0014 and 0.0016 mm 4 /Ns, and (3) E t =8.7, 0.46, and 10.3 MPa, respectively. The results support the HBT method and encourage its use, especially in light of its practical advantages.
Attractiveness, athleticism, studiousness, brillance, and wealth

Thirteen college males and 13 college females ranked 16 possible combinations of four dichotomous traits: athletic vs non-athletic, studious vs nonstudious, brillant vs average, and wealthy vs not wealthy. Each variable exerted a significant effect (p <.01).
Vibration molding of chamotte products of complex shapes

Vibration molding makes the mechanization of the manufacture of chamotte products of complex shape possible with the result that labor productivity increases, the drying process is simplified, the working conditions are improved and the product quality is better.
The sociocultural contexts of learning in the workplace

This chapter focuses on how the changing demographics of the U.S. workforce shape learning at work. It offers a synopsis of the changing workforce, profiles various demographic groups, and recommends a new workforce pedagogy that is sensitive to sociocultural context.
Mandarin transitive comparatives and the grammar of measurement

Mandarin Chinese has two strategies for forming comparatives of superiority: one in which the standard of comparison is introduced by the morpheme bi, and one that resembles a transitive verb construction, in which the standard of comparison directly follows a gradable adjective. The ‘transitive comparative’ exhibits two special restrictions: the predicate must be one that accepts differential measure phrases, and the measure phrase must be overt. We argue that these facts support an analysis of the syntax of the adjectival projection in which gradable adjectives do not project degree arguments, as typically assumed, but do so only in combination with a covert morpheme μ. Building on the proposal that argument DPs in Mandarin require Case, we hypothesize that there are (at least) two case assigners for standards of comparison in Mandarin: the overt morpheme bi and the covert morpheme μ found in transitive comparatives.
Disturbances of rapid-eye-movement sleep in 3 brothers with Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease.

The electrophysiological features of 3 brothers with the classic form of Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease (PMD) were studied. Two consecutive overnight polygraphic sleep recordings indicated a gross distortion of rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep for all patients. A lower than normal percentage of REM sleep in these patients was consistent with their retarded intellectual development, which supports current thinking that REM sleep may be a sensitive index of brain function integrity. Non-rapid-eye-movement (NREM) sleep, in contrast to reported findings in 1 patient with PMD, was uniformly characterized by distinct stages in which the electroencephalograms contained frequent vertex waves and spindles. Tests of peripheral nerve conduction velocity, acoustic brainstem reflexes, and visual and auditory evoked potentials did not indicate any abnormalities, nor did electroencephalograms obtained during wakefulness. One patient did have epileptifrom spikes and spike waves recorded during an all-night EEG, an unusual finding in a child with cerebral white matter disease.
Neutral current effects in nuclei

Abstract We review the effects of weak neutral currents is nuclei and show how different nuclear processes can sensitively test gauge theory models of the weak and electromagnetic interactions. Our attention is focused principally on neutral current neutrino interactions in nuclei, although one chapter of our review is devoted to weak neutral current effects in polarized electron scattering off nuclei.
SURVIVAL IN PATIENTS WITH MODERATE OR SEVERE MITRAL REGURGITATION AT HIGH RISK FOR SURGERY TREATED WITH AND WITHOUT THE MITRACLIP: A PROPENSITY MATCHED COMPARISON

Methods: High risk patients with 3+/4+ MR managed non-surgically between the years 2000-10 in the longitudinal DELD were subset for matching to MitraClip High Risk patients. Patient matching was performed using the method of nearest available Mahalanobis distance metric within calipers deined by the propensity score. Kaplan-Meier analyses and stratiied Cox proportional hazards models were used to compare survival at 30 days and 1 year. These outcomes were also analyzed in functional MR (FMR) subgroup from the matched cohort.
Multiprecision division on an 8-bit processor

Small processors can be especially useful in massively parallel architectures. This paper considers multiprecision division algorithms on an 8-bit processor (the Kestrel processor, currently in fabrication) that includes a small amount of memory and an 8-bit multiplier. We evaluate several variations of the Newton-Raphson reciprocal approximation methods for use with division. Our final single-precision algorithm requires 41 cycles to divide two 24-bit numbers to produce a 26-bit result. The double-precision version requires 98 cycles to divide two 53-bit numbers to produce a 55-bit result. This low cycle count is the result of several techniques, including low-precision arithmetic, early introduction of dividends, and simple (yet good) initial reciprocal estimates.
Variations in Adrenergic Innervation and Contractile Responses of the Rabbit Saphenous Artery

The Falck fluorescence histochemical method was used to compare the adrenergic innervation in segments from the proximal saphenous artery, the distal saphenous artery and the popliteal artery. Adrenergic neurons penetrated the media of the proximal saphenous artery but not that of the distal saphenous artery or the popliteal artery. Responses of these vessel segments to exogenous l-norepinephrine and to electrical stimulation of their intramural innervation were measured. The median effective dose (ED50) of l-norepinephrine was ten times greater in the proximal saphenous artery than it was in the distal saphenous artery and the popliteal artery. The response of the proximal saphenous artery to neural stimulation was nearly double that of the distal vessel and required one-fifth of the time to achieve maximum tension; the response of the popliteal artery was negligible due to its low density of innervation. The three-dimensional medial distribution of the adrenergic neuronal plexus in the proximal saphenou...
Real-time dynamic movement of caveolin-1 during smooth muscle contraction of human colon and aged rat colon transfected with caveolin-1 cDNA

Caveolin-1 (cav-1) plays a key role in PKC-α and RhoA signaling pathways during acetylcholine (ACh)-induced contraction of colonic smooth muscle cells (CSMC). Aged rat CSMC showed sluggish contractility, concomitant with reduced expression of cav-1 with an associated reduction in activation of PKC-α and RhoA signaling pathway. Real-time monitoring of live human CSMC transfected with yellow fluorescent protein-tagged wild-type caveolin 1 cDNA (YFP-wt-cav-1) cDNA in the present study suggests that cav-1 cycles within and along the membrane in a synchronized, highly organized cytoskeletal path. These studies provide, for the first time, the advantages of real-time monitoring of the dynamic movement of caveolin in living cells. Rapid movement of cav-1 in response to ACh suggests its dynamic role in CSMC contraction. Human CSMC transfected with YFP-ΔTFT-cav-1 dominant negative cDNA show fluorescence in the cytosol of the CSMC and no movement of fluorescent cav-1 in response to ACh mimicking the response shown by aged rat CSMC. Transfection of CSMC from aged rat with YFP-wt-cav-1 cDNA restored the physiological contractile response to ACh as well as the dynamic movement of cav-1 along the organized cytoskeletal path observed in normal adult CSMC. To study the force generation by CSMC, three-dimensional colonic rings were bioengineered. Colonic bioengineered rings from aged CSMC showed reduced force generation compared with colonic bioengineered rings from adult CSMC. Colonic bioengineered rings from aged CSMC transfected with wt-cav-1 cDNA showed force generation similar to colonic bioengineered rings from adult rat CSMC. The data suggest that contraction in CSMC is dependent on cav-1 reorganization dynamics, which restores the physiological contractile response in aged CSMC. We hypothesize that dynamic movement of cav-1 is essential for physiological contractile response of colonic smooth muscle.
High efficiency, all-fiber-integrated Mid-Infrared Super-Continuum Laser (MISCL)

A continuous spectrum covering ∼1.9–4.5 microns with ∼1.4W power beyond 3.8 microns (50% duty cycle) is generated in a Mid-Infrared Super-Continuum Laser. An optical conversion efficiency of ∼9% is achieved from a thulium-doped power amplifier to the super-continuum.
Transapical aortic valve replacement under real-time magnetic resonance imaging guidance: experimental results with balloon-expandable and self-expanding stents

Objective: Aortic valves have been implanted on self-expanding (SE) and balloon-expandable (BE) stents minimally invasively. We have demonstrated the advantages of transapical aortic valve implantation (tAVI) under real-time magnetic resonance imaging (rtMRI) guidance. Whether there are different advantages to SE or BE stents is unknown.We report rtMRI-guided tAVI in a porcine model using both SE and BE stents, and compare the differences between the stents. Methods: A total of 22 Yucatan pigs (45—57 kg) underwent tAVI. Commercially available stentlessbioprostheses(21—25 mm)were mountedon eitherBEplatinum—iridiumstentsor SE-nitinol stents.rtMRIguidancewasemployedas the intraoperative imaging. Markers on both types of stents were used to enhance visualization in rtMRI. Pigs were allowed to survive and had followup MRI scans and echocardiography at 1, 3, and 6 months postoperatively. Results: rtMRI provided excellent visualization of the aortic valve implantation mountedon both stent types. The implantation times were shorter with the SE stents (60 14 s) than with the BE stents (74 18 s), (p = 0.027). The total procedure time was 31 and 37 min, respectively (p = 0.12). It was considerably easier to manipulate the SE stent during deployment, without hemodynamic compromise. This was not always the case with the BE stent, and its placement occasionally resulted in coronary obstruction and death. Long-term results demonstrated stability of the implants with preservation of myocardial perfusion and function over time for both stents. Conclusions: SE stents were easier to position and deploy, thus leading to fewer complications during tAVI. Future optimization of SE stent design should improve clinical results. # 2010 European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Durability of Resistance in Tomato and Pepper to Xanthomonads Causing Bacterial Spot

Both hypersensitive and quantitative forms of resistance to the bacterial spot pathogens (Xanthomonas spp.) occur in pepper and tomato. Five resistance genes involved in hypersensitivity in pepper and four in tomato have been identified so far. The corresponding pathogen avirulence genes have been cloned and characterized, and features, including a propensity for accumulating mutations and at times, loss of plasmid-borne avirulence genes, are known to occur. The frequency of these changes affects race composition among pathogen populations and determines the durability of the corresponding plant resistance. At least four different species of Xanthomonas are known to cause bacterial spot, and these can differ in specific avirulence gene content. Quantitative or multigenic resistance has also more recently been researched and appears to be more durable than the hypersensitive resistance. Two recessive genes have been identified that yield a nonhypersensitive form of resistance in pepper and together can pro...
Astroglial differentiation is required for support of neurite outgrowth

Models of astrocyte differentiation stress a lineage program that involves a progressive loss of astroglial support of neuronal differentiation. These models predict that astroglial promotion of neurite extension declines with the "age" of the astrocyte. An alternative view is that astroglial support of neurite growth is regulated by epigenetic factors that induce the cells either to differentiate and support neuronal functions or to undergo cell proliferation and fail to support neurons. To compare the contribution of astroglial cell "age" to astroglial support of neurite extension, mouse cerebellar astroglia were maintained in vitro for 3-90 d, and assayed for their ability to support neurite formation. When cultured in isolation, astroglial support of neurite extension declined with time in vitro, as assayed by quantifying outgrowth from explants of pontine nuclei, falling from a robust level just after the astroglia were harvested to negligible levels 21-90 d later. Since previous studies have shown that neurons can change the state of astroglial cells (Hatten, 1985), we tested the neurite promoting activity of astroglia that were cultured for 21-90 d in vitro and subsequently induced to differentiate by the addition of neurons. When granule neurons were added to aged astroglia and pontine explants plated 2 d later, neurite growth from the explants was exuberant, regardless of the time astroglia spent in vitro prior to the addition of neurons. The state of astroglia that were growth promoting or growth inhibiting was examined by bromodeoxyuridine staining and with antisera to glial filament protein. Aged astroglia cultured alone and thus inhibitory to axon growth, proliferated at high rates and had polygonal shapes. In contrast, aged astroglia to which neurons had been added, proliferated at low rates and developed process-bearing stellate shapes. To test further whether proliferation levels related to the growth-supporting properties of astroglia, astroglia were plated alone in medium without serum, or with the addition of transforming growth factor-beta 1, each treatment known to arrest proliferation. In both cases, promotion of neurite growth was restored in aged astroglia, but the morphology of astroglia did not correlate with the ability to support neurite growth. Finally, the growth-inhibiting properties of aged astroglia do not appear to be mediated by diffusible factors, and require close apposition with living astroglial cells. We conclude that astroglial support of neurite extension depends on the state of differentiation of astroglial cells, and that these properties can be modified by coculture with neurons or conditions that arrest of astroglial proliferation, irrespective of astroglial "age".
Responses of Plants and Arthropods to Burning and Disking of Riparian Habitats

Abstract Alteration of Iowa, USA, landscapes for agricultural production has resulted in a loss of >99% of the original prairie and >95% of native wetlands. This conversion has included riparian areas, which, as interfaces between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, are important to many wildlife species. Farm Bill programs have resulted in the reestablishment of millions of hectares of grasslands and wetlands nationwide, including >100,000 ha in riparian areas of the Midwest. We assessed plant and arthropod responses to burning and disking of riparian grasslands in east-central Iowa in 2001 and 2002. Burning altered the plant community by removing litter and standing dead vegetation and had negative effects on several arthropod taxa, including Hemiptera and Lepidoptera. However, we observed no differences in vegetation or arthropods between burned and unburned fields during the second year postburning (P > 0.05). Disking decreased the cover of grasses, litter, and standing dead vegetation and increased p...
Ion‐ion recombination in dilute and dense plasmas

Theory of ion-ion recombination in a gas is provided as a function of gas density N, ion density N±, and time. An approximate analytical solution to the generalized time-dependent Debye-Smoluchowski equation for reaction and diffusional drift under general ion-ion field is provided for an initial Boltzmann distribution of ions. The transition in the time-dependent rates α(t) of recombination from reaction to the rate limiting step of reaction and transport is illustrated for various N, together with the variation of the steady-state limit α with N. The method and results are of basic significance for situations ranging from medical radiological and biophysics to the rate of disappearance of ionization tracks.
Self-preserving size distributions of agglomerates

Abstract The attainment of self-preserving distributions by coagulation of agglomerate or aggregate particles has been investigated in the continuum and free-molecular regimes. Self-preserving distributions have been computed for agglomerates of various fractal dimensions. In the free-molecular regime, the self-preserving size distributions broaden as the fractal dimension decreases. In contrast, in the continuum regime, the distributions narrow with decreasing fractal dimension. The aggregate growth rate increases with decreasing fractal dimension of the colliding particles. This effect is more pronounced in the free-molecular than in the continuum regime. In the free-molecular regime, particles of low fractal dimension have larger cross-sectional area than particles of equal mass but with higher fractal dimension. The larger cross-sectional area per unit particle mass results in a direct increase in the coagulation rate. In the continuum regime, the effect of enhanced collision area is reduced by the increased drag of the agglomerates.
Magnocellular and Parvocellular Pathway Influences on Location-Based Inhibition-Of-Return:

The roles of the parvocellular (P) and magnocellular (M) retino-geniculo-cortical pathways during shifts of visual attention were investigated by creating M/dorsal-biased (eg low spatial frequency target, no objects present) and P/ventral-biased (ie high spatial frequency target, the perception of 3-D objects) stimulus conditions and measuring location-based inhibition-of-return (IOR). P/ventral-biased conditions produced the greatest IOR. M/dorsal-biased conditions produced the least IOR, in one instance eliminating it altogether. The results indicate a close relationship between IOR magnitude and relative P/ventral and M/dorsal activity with location-based IOR related more to P/ventral than to M/dorsal activity.
Mixed-Mode Cathodic Delamination of Rubber From Steel

Abstract A series of scarf specimens with a range of scarf angles was used to examine the effect of fracture mode-mix on the cathodic delamination of rubber from steel in an aggressive (1N NaOH) environment. Fracture parameters were extracted from finite element analyses that accounted for the nonlinearly elastic response and the finite deformations in the rubber layer. Delamination growth rates were found to be independent of energy release rate levels that were chosen for the study but were strongly dependent on crack opening angle, the parameter that was used to represent the local fracture mode-mix.
Allogeneic hematopoietic chimerism in mice treated with sublethal myeloablation and anti-CD154 antibody: absence of graft-versus-host disease, induction of skin allograft tolerance, and prevention of recurrent autoimmunity in islet-allografted NOD/Lt mice

We describe a tolerance-based stem cell transplantation protocol that combines sublethal radiation with transient blockade of the CD40-CD154 costimulatory pathway using an anti-CD154 antibody. With this protocol, we established hematopoietic chimerism in BALB/c mice transplanted with fully allogeneic C57BL/6 bone marrow. The percentage of donor-origin mononuclear cells in recipients was more than 99%. In addition, all chimeric mice treated with anti-CD154 antibody remained free of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and accepted donor-origin but not third-party skin allografts. It was similarly possible to create allogeneic hematopoietic chimerism in NOD/Lt mice with spontaneous autoimmune diabetes. Pancreatic islet allografts transplanted into chimeric NOD/Lt mice were resistant not only to allorejection but also to recurrence of autoimmunity. We conclude that it is possible to establish robust allogeneic hematopoietic chimerism in sublethally irradiated mice without subsequent GVHD by blocking the CD40-CD154 costimulatory pathway using as few as 2 injections of anti-CD154 antibody. We also conclude that chimerism created in this way generates donor-specific allograft tolerance and reverses the predisposition to recurrent autoimmune diabetes in NOD/Lt mice, enabling them to accept curative islet allografts.
"Reel Navajo": The Linguistic Creation of Indigenous Screen Memories

As Philip Deloria reminds us, popular cultures are key sites for the “production of expectations,” and as a major form of popular culture, film has figured prominently in the circulation and reproduction of expectations about Native American peoples since the early twentieth century.1 Deloria suggests that such expectations assume a status quo that is often built around failure— a failure to engage technology, thwart Manifest Destiny, exist with non-Natives in a contemporaneous modernity, and—as many of the articles in this issue illustrate—maintain their heritage languages or speak in otherwise “correct” ways. Visual representations such as film and video, tools of what James Faris called “the gaze of Western humanism,” have been integral to a multitude of colonial projects such as salvage ethnography and the promotion of government policies, and they continue to fuel expectations and misrepresent histories in a range of genres and styles including children’s movies.2 They also have been most often produced in colonial languages. Due to assumptions of reality and objectivity—as well as the expectation of spectacle, illusion, and entertainment—that are often embedded in films, they have been especially powerful in reflecting and recreating dominant histories and ideologies about Native peoples.3 They are also powerful tools in countering such expectations. Throughout the past twenty years, there has been a significant increase in the number of films in a variety of styles and genres written, produced, and
Numerical simulation and optimization of CO2 utilization for enhanced oil recovery from depleted reservoirs

Abstract Due to concerns about rising CO2 emissions from fossil fuel power plants, there is strong emphasis on the development of an economical method for Carbon Capture Utilization and Storage (CCUS). One area of current interest in CO2 utilization is the Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) from depleted reservoirs. The efficiency of the oil extraction is highly dependent on the CO2 injection rate and injection pressure. Before large scale deployment of this technology can occur, it is important to understand the mechanisms that can maximize the oil extraction efficiency as well as the CO2 sequestration capacity by optimizing these injection parameters. In this paper, numerical simulations of subsurface flow in an EOR system is conducted using the multiphase flow solver package COZView/COZSim developed by Nitec, LLC. The CO2 injection is optimized for both constant rate and pressure-limited injection scenarios using a genetic algorithm based optimizer integrated with COZSim, and the effect of recycled gas is investigated. Optimization of the EOR system results in an increased recovery factor with a more efficient utilization of injected CO2. The results of this study pave the way for future optimization of other systems such as Enhanced Gas Recovery, Enhanced Water Recovery, and Enhanced Geothermal Systems that are currently being considered for CCUS.
Initial and Long-Term Movement of Cladding Installed Over Exterior Rigid Insulation

Changes in the International Energy Conservation Code (IECC) from 2009 to 2012 have resulted in the use of exterior rigid insulation becoming part of the prescriptive code requirements. With more jurisdictions adopting the 2012 IECC builders will be required to incorporate exterior insulation in the construction of their exterior wall assemblies. For thick layers of exterior insulation (levels greater than 1.5 inches), the use of wood furring strips attached through the insulation back to the structure has been used by many contractors and designers as a means to provide a convenient cladding attachment location. This research was an extension on previous research conducted by Building Science Corporation in 2011, and 2012. Each year the understanding of the system discrete load component interactions, as well as impacts of environmental loading, has increased. The focus of the research was to examine more closely the impacts of screw fastener bending on the total system capacity, effects of thermal expansion and contraction of materials on the compressive forces in the assembly, as well as to analyze a full year’s worth of cladding movement data from assemblies constructed in an exposed outdoor environment.
Shear viscosity of the normal phase of a unitary Fermi gas from the ɛ expansion

Using the $\ensuremath{\varepsilon}$-expansion technique, we compute $\ensuremath{\eta}/s$, where $\ensuremath{\eta}$ is the shear viscosity and $s$ is the entropy density of the normal phase of unitary Fermi gas in $d=4\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\varepsilon}$ dimensions to leading order (LO) in $\ensuremath{\varepsilon}$. We use the kinetic theory approach and solve transport equations for a medium perturbed by a shear hydrodynamic flow. The collision integrals are calculated to ${\ensuremath{\varepsilon}}^{2}$, which is LO. The LO result is temperature independent with $\ensuremath{\eta}/s\ensuremath{\simeq}(0.11/{\ensuremath{\varepsilon}}^{2})(\ensuremath{\hbar}/{k}_{B})$. The $d=3$ prediction for $\ensuremath{\eta}/s$ exceeds the $\ensuremath{\hbar}/4\ensuremath{\pi}{k}_{B}$ bound by a factor of about $1.4$.
Temporal Relationships Between Napping and Nocturnal Sleep in Healthy Adolescents

Many adolescents do not achieve the recommended 9 hr of sleep per night and report daytime napping, perhaps because it makes up for short nocturnal sleep. This article tests temporal relationships between daytime naps and nighttime sleep as measured by actigraphy and diary among 236 healthy high school students during one school week. Mixed model analyses adjusted for age, race, and gender demonstrated that shorter actigraphy-assessed nocturnal sleep duration predicted longer napping (measured by actigraphy and diary) the next day. Napping (by actigraphy and diary) predicted shorter nocturnal sleep duration and worse sleep efficiency that night measured by actigraphy. Diary-reported napping also predicted poorer self-reported sleep quality that night. Frequent napping may interfere with nocturnal sleep during adolescence.
Processing and Mechanical Properties Investigation of Epoxy-Impregnated Graphene Paper

AbstractOne-layer (0.15-mm-thick) and 15-layer (5.43-mm-thick) graphene composites have been fabricated through the impregnation of epoxy resin into porous graphene nanoplatelet (GnP) paper. Three different flake sizes of GnPs were used for the 1-layer graphene composites: 5 μm, mixed 5 μm and 25 μm, and 25 μm. The largest graphene flakes showed the best material properties in terms of tensile strength and elongation at break. Both tensile and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) test results demonstrated that the 15-layer graphene composite had better material properties than the 1-layer graphene composites. The storage modulus of 15-layer graphene composite was 170% higher than that of neat epoxy. The transverse surface of 15-layer graphene composite exhibited a higher elastic modulus but lower hardness than the top surface. Ballistic limit test results showed that the combination of polyurea (PU) and a 15-layer graphene composite coating can increase the ballistic limit of TC-128 steel plate slightly.
The pattern of metalloproteinase expression by corneal fibroblasts is altered by passage in cell culture

We have examined the pattern of expression of four different matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), collagenase, stromelysin, 92 kD gelatinase, and 72 kD gelatinase, by primary and passaged cultures of rabbit corneal fibroblasts. Primary cultures of this cell type have previously been shown to reproduce the normal tissue regulation of collagenase expression. We demonstrate qualitative and quantitative changes in the pattern of MMP expression as the cells are passaged in culture. Only a single MMP, 72 kD gelatinase, is constitutively expressed by primary fibroblast cultures. Phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) treatment upregulates expression of 72 kD gelatinase and turns on the expression of collagenase and stromelysin, as well as 92 kD gelatinase. However, the degree to which MMP expression is induced is minimal. Cells subcultured but a single time constitutively produce not only 72 kD gelatinase, but also collagenase and stromelysin. In addition, PMA treatment upregulates expression of collagenase, stromelysin and 92 kD gelatinase to high levels. In contrast, the expression of 72 kD gelatinase is repressed by treatment of passaged cell cultures with PMA. Our data indicate that the cell does not simply turn the MMP genes on or off, as a group, in response to various agents, but that it has the capacity for fine control over which MMPs are expressed and the degree to which each is expressed. Changes in MMP protein expression induced by PMA treatment are correlated with changes in specific mRNA levels in passaged cultures. The kinetics of mRNA accumulation suggest that the MMP genes can respond to multiple intracellular signals initiated in a temporal cascade by PMA. It is the combined effects of the individual signals on the accumulation of specific mRNAs that must determine the ultimate pattern of MMP protein expression. The distinct patterns of MMP expression produced by primary and passaged cell cultures may be analogous to patterns of expression that might occur under particular in vivo conditions.
A PRIMARY RESEARCH ON SEIMO-GEOLOGICALDISASTER AND THE RESOURCE-ENVIRONMENT EFFECT CAUSED BY THE HISTORICAL EARTHQUAKESOF YUNNAN

On the basis of the preliminary study of the data of historical earthquake disaster, some characteristics of the seismo-geological disaster and resource-environment destruction are analyzed and outlined in this paper by using the on-the-spot investigation records of the earthquake in past four decades Furthermore, an inversion of resource-environment effect of historical earthquakes in yunnan province The, the following points are proposed(1)the earthquake disasters and their destructive effect to the resource-environment are characterized as the group zone (2)the activity background of the moderate-strong earthquakes which are continuous in the time process exists in Yunnan province And the value of the activity background which is used to measure earthquake effect to resource-environment is as strong as 2 degress in this region (3)the seism dectruction to resource-environment is of features of multi-aspect, long term, gradualness and slightness
Regularity of Bunimovich’s stadia

Stadia are popular models of chaotic billiards introduced by Bunimovich in 1974. They are analogous to dispersing billiards due to Sinai, but their fundamental technical characteristics are quite different. Recently many new results were obtained for various chaotic billiards, including sharp bounds on correlations and probabilistic limit theorems, and these results require new, more powerful technical apparatus. We present that apparatus here, in the context of stadia, and prove “regularity” properties.
SU-F-T-687: Comparison of SPECT/CT-Based Methodologies for Estimating Lung Dose from Y-90 Radioembolization

Purpose: To compare mean lung dose (MLD) estimates from 99mTc macroaggregated albumin (MAA) SPECT/CT using two published methodologies for patients treated with 90Y radioembolization for liver cancer. Methods: MLD was estimated retrospectively using two methodologies for 40 patients from SPECT/CT images of 99mTc-MAA administered prior to radioembolization. In these two methods, lung shunt fractions (LSFs) were calculated as the ratio of scanned lung activity to the activity in the entire scan volume or to the sum of activity in the lung and liver respectively. Misregistration of liver activity into the lungs during SPECT acquisition was overcome by excluding lung counts within either 2 or 1.5 cm of the diaphragm apex respectively. Patient lung density was assumed to be 0.3 g/cm3 or derived from CT densitovolumetry respectively. Results from both approaches were compared to MLD determined by planar scintigraphy (PS). The effect of patient size on the difference between MLD from PS and SPECT/CT was also investigated. Results: Lung density from CT densitovolumetry is not different from the reference density (p = 0.68). The second method resulted in lung dose of an average 1.5 times larger lung dose compared to the first method; however the difference between the means of the two estimates was not significant (p = 0.07). Lung dose from both methods were statistically different from those estimated from 2D PS (p 0.17). Conclusion: There is no statistically significant difference between MLD estimated from the two techniques. Both methods are statistically different from conventional PS, with PS overestimating dose by a factor of three or larger. The difference between lung doses estimated from 2D planar or 3D SPECT/CT is not dependent on patient size.
Neoliberal Blues and Prec(ar)ious Knowledge

This essay explores the political economic roots of the notion of precarity and migrates the construct into critical educational studies, reviewing the literatures on structural dispossession and race; disruptive innovation and educational reform, and embodied precarity as narrated by youth of color, poverty and immigration. Implications for urban school reform and the significance of sustainable relationships and community schools are explored.
Petroleum potential of subsalt complex in the pricaspian depression of the USSR

La depression pre-capsienne se caracterise par un remplissage sedimentaire de plus de 20 km d'epaisseur. Le profil est divise en deux par un niveau evaporitique. Le dome de sel, n'ayant pas de squelette structural, exerce une pression maximale sur les formations sous-jacentes terrigenes et argilo-carbonatees cotieres. Les horizons profonds, caracterises par des paleotemperatures de 120-125°C, doivent contenir des accumulations de condensats
Gruesome Evidence: The Use of Beheading Videos and Other Disturbing Pictures in Terrorism Trials

Juries in terrorism trials may be asked to watch disturbing images as part of prosecution arguments about the motivation, context and consequences of incidents relevant to the case. How can legal systems take advantage of the compelling explanatory capacity of pictures while at the same time shielding the proceedings from prejudicial effects? This chapter explores the complex psychology of viewing to give participants in the legal system and members of the public alike a fuller appreciation of the forces in play when any (but especially gruesome) pictures are deployed as parts of cases. The author studies pictures in law, works with lawyers, and is herself a visual artist.
Developing a Thermodynamic Model for the Interactions between Water and Cu in the Zeolite SSZ-13

The Cu-exchanged zeolite SSZ-13 is an efficient catalyst in the selective catalytic reduction of nitrous oxides in the presence of ammonia, and understanding the nature of the active sites under realistic conditions is important in rationalizing its activity. Especially the interactions between Cu and water have drawn significant amounts of attention in recent years. In this work we develop a thermodynamic model for the water coordination of Cu based on static calculations and present occupational probabilities and phase diagrams for different Al distributions at different temperatures and water pressures. We find that only at high temperatures and low pressures is the bare Cu cation the most stable species and that the cation is solvated at lower temperatures and higher pressures. In the following we compare our results to experimental and theoretical work in this field and find good agreement. This work shows that it is possible to construct an accurate thermodynamic model for water interactions with Cu...