cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Suicide Ideation and Attempts are Associated with Co-occurring Oppositional Defiant Disorder and Sadness in Children and Adolescents with ADHD

Mothers rated the frequency of suicide ideation and attempts in 925 children and adolescents with ADHD (3–16 years). Ideation and attempts were more than twice as common in ADHD-Combined type than in ADHD-Inattentive type. Ideation occurred in 19 % with ADHD-C and in 7 % with ADHD-I. Percentages for attempts were 7 % and 3 %. For children and adolescents with co-occurring sadness and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), 46 % had ideation and 21 % had attempts (vs. 6 and 2 % for ADHD alone). For those with ideation, 78 % had ODD or sadness. For those with attempts, 84 % had ODD or sadness. Maternal ratings of aggressive, explosive, sad, and moody were significant independent predictors of suicide behavior for ADHD-C, and sad and moody were predictors for ADHD-I. All children and adolescents with ADHD should be screened for suicide ideation and attempts, and co-occurring ODD and sadness should be treated to prevent suicide behavior.
Review: Tamoxifen, raloxifene, and tibolone prevent primary invasive breast cancer but increase risk for adverse outcomes

Source Citation Nelson HD, Fu R, Griffin JC, et al. Systematic review: comparative effectiveness of medications to reduce risk for primary breast cancer. Ann Intern Med. 2009; 151:703−15. 19920271
Relationship Between Rheological Properties and Microstructural Characteristics of Nondeveloped, Partially Developed, and Developed Doughs

ABSTRACT Farinography and mixography are two commonly used procedures for evaluating dough properties. These procedures, however, cannot separate hydration and energy input during dough development, both of which are critically important for understanding fundamental rheological properties of dough. A rheometer and laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) were used to study the relationship between rheological properties and microstructural characteristics of developed (by farinograph with both shear and extensional deformations), of partially developed (by rheometer with either shear or extensional deformation), and of nondeveloped (no deformation) dough samples of wheat flours. Rheological data revealed that developed dough had the highest G* (most elastic or strong), followed by doughs partially developed with extensional deformation, and then shear deformation, and finally by nondeveloped dough. The LSCM z-sectioning (scanning of different layers of the sample) and the analysis of amount of protein m...
Continuum-based classification of remotely sensed imagery to describe urban sprawl on a watershed scale

Abstract Remote sensed imagery can both describe urban sprawl on a watershed scale and provide essential information for modeling the impact of sprawl on watercourses. This paper looks at six watersheds in greater Cleveland, OH: two urban; two rural; and two undergoing rapid urbanization. Thematic Mapper imagery from 1984, 1988, 1994, to 1999 was classified into functional classes describing each watershed in terms of the position of each pixel along continua of [1] percentage permeability and [2] canopy cover. Because the functional classes represent positions along independent continua rather than thematic land-cover classes, they can easily be compared from image to image, and they provide quantitative estimates of parameters at 30-m resolution suitable for spatial simulation models. The imagery classified in this way makes it possible to observe the progress of urban sprawl both within these watersheds and over a study area which extends from the inner city to its rural surroundings.
Therapeutic potential of oral antiproliferative agents in the prevention of coronary restenosis.

The treatment of coronary artery disease has reached many milestones — from balloon angioplasty to drug-eluting stents. The last decade witnessed the revolution of bare metal stents with new designs, alloys and strut thicknesses. Yet restenosis, the aphorismic ‘Achilles heel’, remains to be conquered. The restenosis rates with balloon angioplasty alone are 30–40% and are reduced to 20–30% with stents. Although intravascular brachytherapy proved to be a durable and safely used technique to treat in-stent restenosis, clinical event rates were not reduced to single digits. Drug-eluting stents are showing positive results in this direction, but it is too early to predict their efficacy in various subsets of lesions. With the increased usage of these stents, there are reports of problems such as late stent malapposition, subacute and late thromboses, and aneurysm formations due to the vessel toxicity associated with this method of treatment. Furthermore, when multivessel stenting is considered, the cost of drug-eluting stents is a significant problem given the fact that these are no longer ‘zero restenosis’ devices. There is a definite need for a simple, safe and durable solution to restenosis. Oral agents are an alternative delivery strategy that can target multiple coronary lesions, which are targets for catheter-based revascularisation with any approved metal stent and with potentially lower cost. Although oral agents have been an interesting option to treat restenosis and several agents have been tested in trials since the 1980s, the results were disappointing. The development of devices such as intravascular ultrasound has led to a greater understanding of restenosis mechanisms, and the focus on pathophysiological mechanisms, which centred mainly on platelets, growth factors and lipids, has changed to inflammation, endothelium and smooth muscle cell proliferation. Accordingly, the targets of pharmaceutical agents have shifted from platelets to cell cycle inhibition, smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration, synthesis of extra cellular matrix, and inflammatory mediators. Initial encouraging results with oral drugs such as cilostazol, sirolimus (rapamycin) and thiazolidinediones indicate a definite place for this strategy to reduce restenosis. A desirable oral agent would be anti-inflammatory, inhibit smooth muscle cell migration and proliferation, promote endothelial growth, and be well tolerated and free from significant adverse effects. It may be useful to start with a high loading dose before stent implantation and then follow with a short-term lower maintenance dose. Future trials should be aimed at finding an ideal agent, effective loading dose, maintenance dose and optimum duration of therapy.
5.3.5 Integration of Small Satellite Cost and Design Models for Improved Conceptual Design-to-Cost

In the late 1980's a new paradigm, the utilization of modern small satellites, arose and opened up a new class of space applications. Since 1991, The Aerospace Corporation has been studying small satellites. Two products of this on-going study are the Small Satellite Cost Model (SSCM) and the Small Satellite Design Model (SSDM). In an effort to better meet design-to-cost goals for conceptual design, The Aerospace Corporation has recently integrated the SSCM and SSDM into a single design-to-cost tool for use by a systems engineer either working alone or in cooperation with a design team. Several versions of the integrated tool are being developed with varying levels of fidelity.
Adenosine modulates corticotropin and cortisol release during hypoxia in fetal sheep.

Abstract Objective: This study was designed to determine the role of adenosine in the hypoxic release of corticotropin in fetal sheep. Study Design: The adenosine receptor antagonist 8-phenyltheophylline or the vehicle was infused intra-arterially to chronically catheterized fetal sheep (>0.8 term) during an hour of fetal hypoxemia (Pa O 2 ≅ 14 mm Hg). Control studies were also performed in which 8-phenyltheophylline or the vehicle was administered to normoxic fetuses. Results: 8-Phenyltheophylline abolished hypoxia-induced bradycardia and hypertension and produced a nearly 5-fold greater rise in fetal plasma concentrations of corticotropin and approximately a 3-fold greater increase in plasma cortisol levels. During normoxia 8-phenyltheophylline increased plasma cortisol concentrations by 2-fold without altering corticotropin levels, mean arterial blood pressure, or heart rate. Conclusion: Adenosine blunts fetal corticotropin release during hypoxia, which in turn reduces cortisol secretion. At lower corticotropin concentrations, adenosine also appears to dampen the cortisol response through direct effects on the adrenals. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 1999;180:1272-7.)
Release of fatty acid-binding protein from ischemic-reperfused rat heart and its prevention by mepacrine

In an attempt to resolve the issue of whether there is a loss of fatty acid binding protein (H-FABP) from heart during ischemia and reperfusion, and to further examine the role of this protein in ischemic-reperfusion injury, the amount of H-FABP of heart was monitored during ischemia and reperfusion. Excellent correlation was obtained between the loss of H-FABP from heart and its appearance in the perfusate buffer when examined by Western blot using the specific antibody to H-FABP. Further quantitation was achieved by densitometric scanning of the Western blot and rocket electrophoresis. Maximum release of H-FABP was observed within 20 min of reperfusion, the total release being 10% of the H-FABP content of the heart. Mepacrine, a membrane stabilizer and a phospholipase inhibitor, reduced the release of H-FABP from the heart and prevented the accumulation of nonesterified fatty acids in the tissue during ischemia and reperfusion. In view of the established role of H-FABP in the preservation of membrane phospholipids by either scavenging free radicals during ischemia and reperfusion or by modulating the enzymes of phospholipid synthesis, it seems likely that the loss of H-FABP may have some contribution towards the ischemic-reperfusion injury.
Site of initiation of replication of the ribosomal genes of pea ( Pisum sativum ) detected by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis

The time course of replication of the 9 kb ribosomal DNA repeats of synchronized root cells of pea was followed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. The temporal order of appearance of single-stranded replication intermediates shows that replication begins within the subrepeats located in the intergenic spacer region about 1.5 kb downstream from the 3' end of the 25S gene. Hybridization to specific probes indicated that this location is identical to that established earlier by a different method.
Regioselective and diastereoselective synthesis of highly substituted cyclopentanes

Highly substituted cyclopentane rings are present in a wide range of targets, and the efficient synthesis of such compounds constitutes a continuing challenge to organic synthesis. We present two complementary approaches to the regio- and diastereoselective synthesis of highly substituted cyclopentane structures. In both cases, a non-symmetrically disposed norbornene is employed as a common intermediate. One strategy relies on the Lewis acid-catalyzed ring opening of an anhydride, while the other employs production of a bicyclic lactone followed by its selective functionalization.
Nonlinear waves on liquid film surfaces—II. Bifurcation analyses of the long-wave equation

The long-wave equation for film flow in vertical pipes with and without interfacial stress is studied numerically. Two sets of boundary conditions are imposed—periodic and infinite, corresponding to monochromatic and multi-frequency waves. For the periodic boundary conditions, waves with increasingly many subharmonic modes bifurcate from the flat-film base state as the system parameter σ decreases below unity. Eventually, a strange attractor appears at σ ∼ 0.028. The chaotic solution for σ < 0.028 corresponds to the observed turbulent film surface near flooding conditions for systems with upward gas flow. The solutions of the infinite domain problem indicate that pulse-like initial profiles collapse into wave packets which propagate in both directions with speeds governed by the pulse heights. Interactions of these solitary waves are studied numerically.
REVERSIBLE DISRUPTION OF A WAVELENGTH DISCRIMINATION IN PIGEONS FOLLOWING ADMINISTRATION OF PHENIPRAZINE.

Abstract Upon chronic administration, pheniprazine was found to disrupt wavelength discrimination in four of six pigeons tested. All four birds recovered their normal dscrimination upon withdrawal of pheniprazine.
Disulfide reduction in rat liver. II. Chromatographic separation of nucleotide-dependent disulfide reductase and GSH-disulfide transhydrogenase activities of the high-speed supernatant fraction

1. 1. Three disulfide- reducing activities found in the high-speed supernatant fraction of rat liver, viz. glutathione reductase, GSH-disulfide transhydrogenase, and a NADPH-dependent reductase of broad specificity have been separated from each other by chromatography on DEAE-cellulose. 2. 2. Like the activity present in crude extracts, the chromatographically isolated transhydrogenase appears able to catalyze the reduction of both protein and nonprotein disulfide substrates by GSH in the presence of NADPH and an exogenous source of glutathione reductase. The purified enzyme appears to be quite unstable. 3. 3. The non-specific NADPH-dependent disulfide-reducing activity obtained by DEAE-cellulose chromatography was further purified by gel filtration on Sephadex G-150, using 5,5′-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid)(DTNB) as indicator disulfide. The relatively low activity exhibited by this fraction in the reduction of insulin and other disulfides could be greatly increased when reaction mixtures were further supplemented with small amounts of supernatant solution obtained by heat-treatment of crude enzyme preparations at 70° for 20 min. The heat-stable component active in disulfide reduction was further purified on Sephadex G-100 and completely separated from glutathione reductase, whose activity was not affected by the heat treatment. The data presented herein is considered to support earlier speculations on the similarity of the nucleotide-dependent disulfide-reducing activity of normal rat liver to the thioredoxin systems found in the microorganisms and rat hepatoma.
Preparation of an active Fd fragment by cyanogen bromide cleavage of an IgG heavy chain from a homogeneous rabbit antibody.

Abstract The Fd fragment of a homogeneous rabbit antibody to type III pneumococcal polysaceharide has been prepared directly from the heavy chain by cleavage with cyanogen bromide. Cyanogen bromide cleavage of heavy chain produces Fd in 50–60% yield, free of the usual light chain contaminant. Fd combined with its homologous light chain to form an Fab fragment that had antigen binding activity indistinguishable from the recombinant of native light and heavy chains.
Management of profound hypothermia in children without the use of extracorporeal life support therapy

Summary Profound hypothermia is managed more and more with extracorporeal life support technology, especially when a patient's circulation is compromised. Many centres do not have rapid access to this service, however, and are still dependent on active internal rewarming techniques-eg, peritoneal and pleural lavage. Such interventions are invasive, and associated with inherent risk. Here, we report our successful experience with an active external rewarming technique in children with profound hypothermia (core temperature
Particle size effects in flash sintering

Abstract The study of 3 mol% yttria stabilized zirconia (3YSZ) with different particle sizes provides new insights into flash sintering. Four powders, all with the same crystallite size but various particle size were investigated: described as nominally 1 μm (D80 = 0.51 μm, meaning 80 vol% has a size less than 0.51 μm), 2 μm (D80 = 0.90 μm), 5 μm (D80 = 2.11 μm) and 10 μm (D80 = 3.09 μm). While the furnace temperature for flash sintering, at a field of 100 V cm −1 , increased from 920 °C to 1040 °C with particle size, the specimen temperature in all instances remained at ∼1200 °C. The quantum increase in density decreased with larger particles. The grain size distribution of conventionally and flash sintered specimens remained similar, with some evidence of a preponderance of nanograins in the flash sintered specimens. Joule heating was well below the temperatures that would have been required for sintering in a few seconds. An explanation based upon the nucleation of Frenkel pairs is proposed.
Alternative production systems to reduce nitrates in ground water

Evidence indicates a strong positive relationship between increases in nitrogen fertilizer use on cropland and nitrate concentrations in shallow ground water. This raises concern about the fate and efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer with current farming practices. Approximately 50 percent of the nitrogen fertilizer applied may be recovered by agronomic crops and 35 percent or less removed in the harvested grain of a crop such as corn. The residual nitrogen is subject to loss by several processes, one being leaching from the crop root zone. Alternative production systems that provide ground water protection must give attention to improved management of nitrogen fertilizer and to practices that minimize the need for nitrogen fertilizer and reduce soil nitrate concentrations. Most important in nitrogen fertilizer management is to more closely match nitrogen availability in the soil with crop needs and to avoid over-fertilization. Nitrogen fertilizer use can be reduced by alternate cropping of low and high nitrogen-demanding crops, use of legumes in the crop rotation to fix nitrogen, and proper use of manures, crop residues, and other organic wastes. Residual nitrates in soil can be reduced by use of cover crops, nitrogen-scavenging crops in the rotation, and alternating shallow and deep-rooted crops. Conservation tillage alone as used with many conventional cropping systems will probably not change the current status of nitrate leaching. Practices used by organic farmers should be carefully studied as possible approaches for ground water protection and adaptation into conservation tillage systems for conserving soil and water resources.
COMPARISON OF THE ERYTHEMOGENIC EFFECTIVENESS OF ULTRA VIOLET-B (290-320 nm) and ULTRA VIOLET-A (320-400 nm) RADIATION BY SKIN REFLECTANCE

–Based on optical properties of the skin, its constituent layers and the blood, and a previously experimentally verified quantitative model for the optical transfer properties in skin, noninvasive determinations of the amount of cutaneous blood in the superficial plexus are made from skin reflectance. This method is used to determine UVA and UVB fluences that cause cutaneous blood in the superficial plexus to increase to 1.5, 2 and 2.5 times the pre-radiation volume at various times after irradiation. Our results show that on an equal fluence basis, UVB is two to three thousand times as effective as UVA in inducing erythema, whether erythema is evaluated 8, 24 or 72 h after irradiation. This agrees with the result obtained in terms of minimal erythema dose by visual inspection.
State-preserving nonlinear model reduction procedure

Abstract Model reduction has proven to be a powerful tool to deal with challenges arising from large-scale models. This is also reflected in the large number of different reduction techniques that have been developed. Most of these methods focus on minimizing the approximation error; however, they usually result in a loss of physical interpretability of the reduced model. A new reduction technique, which preserves a non-prescribed subset of the original state variables in the reduced model, is presented in this work. The technique is derived from the Petrov–Galerkin projection by adding constraints on the projection matrix. This results in a combinatorial problem of which states need to be selected. A sequential algorithm has been developed based on the modified Gram–Schmidt orthogonalization procedure. The presented technique is applied to two examples where the reduction error is found to be comparable to the traditional POD method. At the same time, the technique has the advantage that the physical interpretation of the remaining states is retained.
Regularization of Birational Automorphisms

An effective method for regularizing birational automorphisms of multidimensional algebraic varieties is suggested and applied explicitly to some three-dimensional Fano varieties and del Pezzo surfaces over an algebraically nonclosed field.
Molecular Targets for the Treatment of Juvenile Myelomonocytic Leukemia

Significant advances in our understanding of the genetic defects and the pathogenesis of juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML) have been achieved in the last several years. The information gathered tremendously helps us in designing molecular targeted therapies for this otherwise fatal disease. Various approaches are being investigated to target defective pathways/molecules in this disease. However, effective therapy is still lacking. Development of specific target-based drugs for JMML remains a big challenge and represents a promising direction in this field.
Mechanism of internal fertilization in Pegea socia (Tunicata, Thaliacea), a salp with a solid oviduct.

The ovary of the salp Pegea socia (Bosc, 1802) is located at the end of an atrial diverticulum. The ovary consists of a single oocyte encased in a layer of follicle cells and is connected to the atrial epithelium by an oviduct. Transmission electron microscopy shows that the oocyte lacks a vitelline layer, cortical granules, and yolk granules and that the oviduct lacks a continuous lumen. What previous authors thought was a lumen is a line of dense intercellular junctions running down the center of the oviduct. The sperm nucleus in this species, as in other salps, is elongate. The tubular mitochondrion spirals about the sperm nucleus giving it a corkscrew-shape appearance. Sperm reach the ovary when the oocyte is still at the germinal vesicle stage. Many sperm swim up the atrial diverticulum and burrow through the cells of the atrial epithelium, oviduct, and follicular epithelium. Thus oviduct shortening, which occurs when the oocyte is in the meiotic divisions, is evidently unrelated to sperm moving up the oviduct. All previous authors, who argued either that a continuous lumen is necessary for sperm to move up the oviduct or that sperm bypass the oviduct, were incorrect. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Double-LEEP Cone Procedure as an Alternative to Cold-Knife Conization in Management of Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia.

Objectives. To compare the double-LEEP cone procedure with cold-knife conization to treat cervical intraepithelial neoplasia; to evaluate the specimen adequacy regarding resection margins and residual disease. Methods and Materials. Of 137 patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, 60 patients had cold-knife cone and 77 had double-LEEP cone procedure. The indications were the same for both groups. The average follow-up time was 6 months. Results. Therapeutic failure (incomplete excision) rate was 14% for double-LEEP cone procedure and 13% for cold-knife conization ( p = 0.87). Recurrent cervical intraepithelial neoplasia rate was 16% for double-LEEP cone procedure and 7% for cold-knife conization ( p = 0.44) at 6 months. Rates of bleeding complication were 2.6% for double-LEEP cone procedure and 3.3% for cold-knife conization ( p = 0.80). These figures were not statistically significant. Thermal artifact was 10% of double-LEEP cone procedure specimens with only one with severe thermal damage preventing accurate grading of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Conclusion. There was no significant difference between double-LEEP cone procedure (86%) and cold-knife conization (87%) ( p = 0.8). It appears that double LEEP performed as an outpatient procedure can be an acceptable alternative to cold-knife conization in patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.
Fluorine nuclear magnetic resonance parameters for hydrochlorofluoropropanes with one terminal hydrogen atom and all possible combinations of fluorine and chlorine atoms in the other positions

Abstract This paper presents the 19 F nuclear magnetic resonance chemical shifts and couplingconstants for all saturated compounds with three carbon atoms at least one fluorineatom, one terminal hydrogen atom and all possible combinations of fluorine and chlorineatoms in the remaining six positions.
Paleomagnetism and the compositions of highly-oxidised iron-titanium oxides in basalts

Abstract As a preliminary step towards determination of the source of the natural remanence in highly-oxidised basalt lava flows, electron probe microanalysis has been carried out on the two main phases in each of two types of highly-oxidised iron-titanium oxide. The discovery of the source of NRM in these basalts is important because the correlations obtained recently by several workers between high oxidation and reversed polarity in basalts appear to support the possibility of self-reversal, even though some of the rocks studied give independent indications that the reversed magnetizations are due to field reversal. In one type of grain analysed the probe data are consistent with a titanohematite phase and a pseudobrookite phase. This agrees with previous petrographic data. In the other type of grain the probe data are consistent with one phase of titanohematite but contradict petrographic data by showing that the other phase cannot be titanomagnetite. It is concluded that significant contributions to the NRM could possibly arise from the titanohematite (whose magnetic properties in basalts are little known) or the unindentified phase (unless subsequent work rules this phase out), but not in the pseudobrookite phase. However, the NRM may not lie in the analysed grains at all; and other workers are at present investigating this possibility.
Characterization of Tubulin Derived from Ginkgo Biloba and its Interaction with Rice Plant Kinesin

Previously, we have expressed novel Rice plant specific kinesins and studied their biochemical characterization. The plant kinesins showed very unique properties. Especially ATPase activities of the kinesins were relatively much lower than that of conventional kinesin. Moreover, the kinesins did not show motile activity on the microtubules prepared from porcine brain. Although the structure of tubulin is well conserved, it is demonstrated that the plant tubulin has different characteristics from tubulin derived from animal. Therefore, plant kinesin may be more compatible with plant tubulin than animal tubulin.In this study, we prepared the plant tubulin from the pollen of Ginkgo biloba. Native tubulin was prepared from ground pollen by acetone treatment methods and purified with DEAE, Mono Q column and Gel filtration chromatography. We have also cloned cDNA of the α/β tubulin from the Ginkgo biloba leaves by RT-PCR. The recombinant α/β tubulins were expressed by E. coli. bacterial expression system. The recombinant tubulins were purified by Co2+ chelating column.Polymerization of the purified plant tubulin to microtubule was monitored by measuring the increase of absorption at 350 nm. Negative staining electron microscopic analysis also revealed the microtubule configuration. ATPase activity of the Rice plant kinesin, K16 was activated by plant tubulin more significantly than that of animal tubulin. These results suggested that plant kinesin is more compatible with plant kinesins than kinesin derived from animal.
School-located influenza vaccination with third-party billing: what do parents think?

Abstract Objective School-located influenza vaccination (SLIV) may be instrumental in achieving high vaccination rates among children. Sustainability of SLIV programs may require third-party billing. This study assessed, among parents of elementary school students, the attitudes about SLIV and billing at school, as well as factors associated with being supportive of SLIV. Methods We conducted a survey (April 2010 to June 2010) of parents of 1000 randomly selected primarily low-income children at 20 elementary schools at which SLIV with billing had occurred. Results Response rate was 70% (n = 699). Eighty-one percent agreed (61% strongly) they "would be okay" with SLIV for their child. Many agreed it was better to get vaccinated at their child's doctor's office because they could take care of other health issues (72%) and the doctor knows the child's medical history (65%). However, an equal percentage (47%) thought the best place for influenza vaccination was the child's doctor's office and the child's school. Twenty-five percent did not want to give health insurance information necessary for billing at school. Factors independently associated with strongly supporting SLIV included parental education of high school or less (relative risk 1.30; 95% confidence interval 1.09–1.58), Hispanic ethnicity (1.25; 1.08–1.45); believing the vaccine is efficacious (1.49; 1.23–1.84); and finding school delivery more convenient (2.37; 1.82–3.45). Having concerns about the safety of influenza vaccine (0.80; 0.72–0.88) and not wanting their child to be vaccinated without a parent (0.74; 0.64–0.83) were negatively associated. Conclusions The majority of parents were supportive of SLIV, although parental concerns about not being present for vaccination and about the safety and efficacy of the vaccine will need to be addressed.
Guilt by association.

Morris and coworkers in the Thalassemia Clinical Research Network report in this issue of Blood on the suspected association of high tricuspid regurgitant jet velocity (TRV) with mortality in > 300 patients with thalassemia, three-quarters of whom are transfused, and find no relationship.[1][1]
Alignment of real-time live-cell growth data for quantitative analysis of growth at the shoot apex of Arabidopsis thaliana: deducing the relationship between primordia growth, gene expression and cell behaviors

The study of the molecular control of organ growth requires the establishment of the causal relationship between gene expression and cell behaviors. Specifically, we seek to understand this relationship at the shoot apical meristem (SAM) of model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. This requires the spatial mapping and temporal alignment of different functional domains into a single template. Live cell imaging techniques give us the ability to observe organ primordial growth and gene expression dynamics at cellular resolution in real time. In this paper, we propose a framework for measurement of growth features at the 3D reconstructed surface of organ primordia, as well as an algorithm for robust time alignment of primordia. Given a time series of live imaging data, we computed surface areas and deformation values from reconstructed 3D surfaces of individual primordia. Based on these growth measurements, we applied a modified landscape matching algorithm (which we refer to as LAM-M for presentation purposes), to ensure a reliable temporal alignment of multiple primordia. Although the original landscape matching algorithm (LAM) motivated our alignment approach, it fails to properly align growth curves in the presence of high noise/distortion. To overcome this shortcoming, we modified the cost function to consider the landscape of the corresponding deformation time series. Results on both synthetic and real data show that the proposed framework performs at least as well as the LAM algorithm, and better in the case of increased noise.
The importance of status and previous diet of animals on the estimation of bioavailability of different forms of metallic elements: Studies on Fe †

Iron absorption from 240 μg Fe, labelled with 59Fe, was measured in fasted anaemic and control rats, previously fed adequate (36mgFe/kg) or low‐Fe (8mg Fe/kg) diet for three days. Anaemia and prior consumption of a low‐Fe diet for just three days increased Fe absorption independently (P<0.0001). The diet effect was not seen in anaemic rats, presumably because their capacity to absorb Fe was already maximal. These results demonstrate the importance of controlling previous Fe intake as well as Fe status in studies in which the availability of different physico‐chemical forms of Fe are being examined.
Clonal remission in aplastic anemia after treatment with antithymocyte globulin

Aplastic anemia includes a group of disorders characterized by peripheral blood pancytopenia and marrow hypocellularity. The current report describes a patient who is an apparent constitutional mosaic and presented with marrow aplasia. Using cytogenetic analysis of bone marrow, skin, and peripheral T lymphocytes, we demonstrate the clonal nature of this patient's aplastic marrow, and, in addition, identify clonal evolution. The patient was treated with antithymocyte globulin (ATG) and achieved a complete remission, with disappearance of an abnormal evolved clone. This case illustrates that clonal cytogenetic abnormalities do not preclude a response to ATG and that aplastic anemia may be a nonmalignant clonal disorder with clonal evolution. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Faculty Perspectives on Information Literacy as a Student Learning Outcome

Abstract Information literacy is a popular and widely-written about topic in the literature of library information science, and is widely identified as an essential competency for college students. Nevertheless, recent research indicates that students largely lack the competencies associated with information literacy and that many colleges and universities are not moving beyond one-shot, course-level library instruction sessions to integrate information literacy into their curricula at the program and institutional levels. One reason for this lack of progress may be that discipline faculty—those who have the most direct contact with students, as well as the most direct oversight of and responsibility for the curriculum—have been largely missing from the conversation. This study aims to fill this gap by surveying and interviewing a nationwide sample of teaching faculty in six disciplines for their perspectives on the importance and relevance of information literacy competencies for their students. The results of this study provide academic librarians a broader insight into faculty understanding of information literacy and will help to advance the discourse of information literacy further into the disciplines.
IS NITRIC OXIDE LUTEOLYTIC OR ANTILUTEOLYTIC

Abstract Nitric oxide (NO) has been reported to be luteolytic based on treatment of cows in vivo with an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase (NOS-produces NO), which delayed the decline in progesterone by two to three days [Jaroszewki J, Hansel, W. Intraluteal administration of a nitric oxide synthase blocker stimulates progesterone, oxytocin secretion and prolongs the life span of the bovine corpus luteum. Proc Soc Exptl Biol Med 2000;224:50–5; Skarzynski D, Jaroszewki J, Bah, M, et al. Administration of nitric oxide synthase inhibitor counteracts prostaglandin F 2α -induced luteolysis in cattle. Biol Reprod 2003;68:1674–81]. The objective of this experiment was to determine the effect of a long acting NO donor or a NOS inhibitor infused chronically into the interstitial tissue of the ovarian vascular pedicle adjacent to the ovary with a corpus luteum on secretion of progesterone during the ovine estrous cycle. Ewes were treated either with Vehicle ( N = 5); Diethylenetriamine (DETA-control for DETA-NONOate; N = 5); ( Z )-1-[2-(2-aminoethyl)- N -(2-ammonioethyl) amino]diazen-1-ium-1,2-diolate (DETA-NONOate-long acting NO donor; N = 6); or l -nitro-arginine methyl ester ( l -NAME-NOS inhibitor; N = 6) every 6 h from 24:00 h (0 h) on day 8 through 18:00 h on day 18 of the estrous cycle. Jugular venous blood was collected every 6 h for analysis for progesterone and corpora lutea were collected at 18:00 h on day 18 and weighed. Weights of corpora lutea were heavier ( P ≤ 0.05) in DETA-NONOate-treated ewes when compared to Vehicle, DETA, or l -NAME-treated ewes, which did not differ amongst each other ( P ≥ 0.05). Profiles of progesterone in jugular venous blood on days 8–18 differed ( P ≤ 0.05) in DETA-NONOate-treated ewes when compared to Vehicle, DETA, or l -NAME-treated ewes did not differ ( P ≥ 0.05) amongst each other. It is concluded that NO is not luteolytic during the ovine estrous cycle, but may instead be antiluteolytic and prevent luteolysis.
Completing partial latin squares

Abstract It is shown that if a partial latin square of order n with fewer than n entries has all its entries in no more than (n + 3) 2 rows, then it can be completed. This extends previous results of both Lindner and Wells, but lately Wells has improved this to (n + 5) 2 . We show that the number (n + 3) 2 is the best obtainable by the method of completing one row at a time without regard for completing future rows.
Nanowear Mapping: A Novel Atomic Force Microscopy Based Approach for Studying Nanoscale Wear at High Sliding Velocities

Most micro/nanoelectromechanical system (MEMS/NEMS) devices and components such as microgears and micromotors operate at very high sliding velocities (of the order of tens of mm/s to few m/s). Nanoscale tribology and mechanics of these devices is crucial for evaluating reliability and failure issues, including those stemming from high wear. We have developed a novel AFM based approach for studying nanoscale wear at sliding velocities up to 10 mm/s. The technique is demonstrated by mapping wear of silicon resulting from two- and three-body abrasions, and that of diamondlike carbon (DLC) resulting from phase transformation of DLC to a graphite-like phase. The novel AFM based approach for nanowear mapping provides a reliable as well as a fast means for investigating wear on the nanoscale as a function of normal load and sliding velocity.
Application of Videomicroscopy to the Study of Interstitial Fauna

This paper deals with a method of employing videomicroscopy in the study of meiofauna. The apparatus is inexpensive, easy to use, and offers a high degree of resolution. Accurate measurements of the specimen can be made directly from the video monitor screen. With the addition of a videocassette recorder, live footage can be recorded for analysis, correspondence, or as an aid in teaching.
Some issues in mathematical modelling of multiple criteria decision-making problems

Abstract Models for analyzing and solving multiple criteria decision-making (MCDM) problems are difficult to evaluate and compare, because they are intended for diverse orderings of a set of feasible alternatives. These models are based on a variety of assumptions about the decision maker's preferences and use different types of preference information. In this paper, a conceptual framework is developed for evaluating and comparing discrete alternative MCDM models available for a given decision situation. The procedure employed in the framework guides the user through an analysis of the decision situation making it possible for a decision maker or analyst to select the most appropriate MCDM model from among several alternative feasible models.
Gendered Academic Careers: Specializing for Success?

University of ArizonaIn this article we take a longitudinal perspective to analyze gender differences in academic career attainment. We improve upon prior research both theoretically and methodologically. Theoretically, we incorporate the extent of research specialization as a form of professional capital that potentially improves productivity and visibility, especially for men. Methodologically, we introduce a measure of research specialization and examine how men’s and women’s productivity and visibility unfold over time, rather than examining discrete periods of scholars’ careers. We find that specializing is most beneficial with regard to productivity – that is, it helps scholars publish more. Specialization’s effects on visibility are less general: surprisingly, only women’s visibility seems to benefit from specialization. We discuss these findings and their implications, and suggest avenues for future research on this important and newly recognized form of capital.
Jumping activity induced by sodium 5-(1,3-dim- ethylbutyl)-5-ethyl barbiturate. II. The effects of age difference.

SummaryIn small doses (12.5–20.0 mg/kg ip), DMBEB produced greater jumping activity in 1-month- than in 9-month-old mice, both in the rates of jumping as well as in number of jumping mice. There were no appreciable differences between young and old mice with large doses (22.5–25.0 mg/kg). The brain levels of DMBEB were similar in young and old mice. Jumping was markedly reduced in old and young mice by the beta-adrenergic blocking agent, propranolol, and the ganglionic blocking agent, chlorisondamine. Both propranolol and chlorisondamine prevented convulsions and death from a large dose of DMBEB (22.5 mg/kg).The authors thank Mr. Morton Raff and Mr. William Blackwelder, Biometrics Research Branch of the National Heart and Lung Institute, for the statistical analyses of the data reported in this paper.
Predicting Accidents at Work with Measures of Locus of Control and Job Hazards

This study was conducted to assess the predictive ability of measures of locus of control and job hazards in involvement in accidents in the workplace. The locus of control scale consisted of 24 items while the job hazards were a measure of the probability of no involvement in an accident. A logistic regression model was 89% accurate in classifying subjects by involvement in an accident as measured by workers' compensation claims.
Indications and techniques of endoscopy in evaluation of cervical dysphagia: Comparison with radiographic techniques

The technique of fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing disorders (FEES), and a comparison of its utility with that of videofluoroscopic examination in patients with dysphagia, was presented in a workshop session. Viewpoints were expressed by two speech pathologists and an otolaryngologist experienced in assessment and treatment of patients with dysphagia, and representative cases, illustrated with videotaped FEES and videofluoroscopic studies, were discussed. Some of the major advantages and disadvantages of each of these modalities are discussed in the following three articles.
BABY FAITH: INFANTS, TODDLERS, AND RELIGION

(1992). BABY FAITH: INFANTS, TODDLERS, AND RELIGION. Religious Education: Vol. 87, No. 1, pp. 117-126.
Structural organization of the genome of Dictyostelium discoideum: Analysis by EcoR1 restriction endonuclease

Abstract The genome of the cellular slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum has been analyzed by limit digestion with Eco R1 restriction endonuclease. Approximately 15% of the nuclear genome is cleaved into nine discrete fragments as analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis. These fragments appear to be derived from two nuclear buoyant density satellites, one of which contains sequences coding for ribosomal RNA. The bulk of the nuclear DNA is digested into approximately 7000 fragments with a mean molecular weight of 4 × 10 6 to 5 × 10 6 . The mitochondrial DNA is digested into four fragments. One of the nuclear bands has been cloned in Escherichia coli using plasmid pSC101 carrying tetracyline resistance. Analysis by renaturation kinetics indicates that it is repeated approximately 200 times per haploid genome and that it is not internally repeated.
Dusty: an assistive mobile manipulator that retrieves dropped objects for people with motor impairments

People with physical disabilities have ranked object retrieval as a high-priority task for assistive robots. We have developed Dusty, a teleoperated mobile manipulator that fetches objects from the floor and delivers them to users at a comfortable height. In this paper, we first demonstrate the robot’s high success rate (98.4%) when autonomously grasping 25 objects considered being important by people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). We tested the robot with each object in five different configurations on five types of flooring. We then present the results of an experiment in which 20 people with ALS operated Dusty. Participants teleoperated Dusty to move around an obstacle, pick up an object and deliver the object to themselves. They successfully completed this task in 59 out of 60 trials (3 trials each) with a mean completion time of 61.4 SD = 20.5 seconds), and reported high overall satisfaction using Dusty (7-point Likert scale; 6.8 SD = 0.6). Participants rated Dusty to be significantly easi...
Zonal and Vertical Structure of the Madden–Julian Oscillation

Abstract A statistical study of the three-dimensional structure of the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) is carried out by projecting dynamical fields from reanalysis and radiosonde data onto space–time filtered outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) data. MJO convection is generally preceded by low-level convergence and upward motion in the lower troposphere, while subsidence, cooling, and drying prevail aloft. This leads to moistening of the boundary layer and the development of shallow convection, followed by a gradual and then more rapid lofting of moisture into the middle troposphere at the onset of deep convection. After the passage of the heaviest rainfall, a westerly wind burst region is accompanied by stratiform precipitation, where lower tropospheric subsidence and drying coincide with continuing upper tropospheric upward motion. The evolution of the heating field leads to a temperature structure that favors the growth of the MJO. The analysis also reveals distinct differences in the vertical structure...
Ionization of one-electron ions and capture by bare and one-electron ions of C, N, O, and F on He

Experimentally measured single-electron-transfer cross sections are presented for bare nuclei and one-electron ions of C, N, O, and F following collisions with a He-gas target in the energy range from \ensuremath{\sim}0.5-2.5 MeV / amu. Excellent agreement is found between the $K$-shell ionization cross sections (electron loss by one-electron ions) and a theoretical plane-wave-Born-approximation calculation without inclusion of Coulomb-deflection and binding-energy corrections. Comparisons are also made between the capture cross sections (electron gain) and previously measured total projectile x-ray cross sections. The ratio of the x-ray cross section to the total capture cross section is compared to the same ratio found through a Brinkman-Kramers (BK) calculation. The results of the comparison show that the single normalization constant for the capture to each state, which was used in the theoretical analysis of the x-ray cross section, is inadequate. In particular, the results show that the BK calculation underestimates the capture of the electron to the $1s \mathrm{and} 2s$ states as compared to the higher, x-ray-emitting states. The total capture cross sections are also given as a function of $\frac{E}{M}$ (MeV / amu). For a given velocity the capture is dependent only upon the charge state of the incident ion. Also, the similar velocity dependence with average ratios of 1:0.68:0.44 for the charge-changing processes $q\ensuremath{\rightarrow}q\ensuremath{-}1(q=8,7,\mathrm{and} 6)$ correspond to a ${q}^{3}$ dependence for the total cross section.