cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
UR mobile: there's an app for that!

In 2010 the University of Rochester partnered with Blackboard to implement a mobile solution for components of our web site that runs on iPhone, Blackberry and Android devices, as well as phones with web browsers. Popular areas of the web were implemented through an "app" solution that allows for multiple device support while keeping maintenance and development within our IT department to a minimum. We were able to leverage existing code from various services and areas of our web site and create a set of feeds that populate data into the mobile application. Blackboard maintains the actual device code and processing of the feeds which allows our IT team to focus on the data instead of the specifics of development of mobile applications and following trends in devices. This presentation will cover the decision-making process, the implementation, the on-going development and the end-user feedback.
Applied psychophysiology, clinical biofeedback, and rehabilitation neuropsychology: a case study—mild traumatic brain injury and post-traumatic stress disorder

This article presents a case study of a 39-year-old European American married woman with a history of child and adolescent incest,marital rape, and physical abuse from her husband for more than 10 years. She was referred to a pain clinic for treatment of headaches and Tourette's syndrome. The client was evaluated with the Ackerman-Banks Neuropsychological Rehabilitation Battery to identify neuropsychological strengths and weaknesses. The Vulnerability to Stress Audit was used to identify life events that were positively and negatively influencing her life. The client was treated for mild traumatic brain injury, post-traumatic stress disorder,cognitive difficulties, impulsivity, confabulation, low frustration tolerance, and inability to evaluate and make decisions about socially appropriate behaviors. Treatment involved traditional psychotherapy, hypnosis, cognitive rehabilitation, biofeedback training, electromyography, finger temperature, and blood pressure.
Developing Group Decision Support Systems for Deception Detection

Achieving information assurance and security is a complex and challenging task, which is crucial from national and personal security point of views. Research in detecting deceptive communication is geared towards understanding the deception process, proposing theories to model it, and developing tools to automate the detection of hostile intent and deception. However, in complex tasks such as deception detection, involvement of teams of human experts is critical in validating the automated tools and agents, improving them, and also in training other humans in detecting deception accurately. This article presents a Group decision support systems (GDSS) framework for deception detection based on collaborative process patterns, thinkLets. The focus of research is on designing group processes to aid deception detection from various information sources such as text transcripts, video clips, and audio clips. Architecture of a prototype under development based on the proposed framework is outlined.
Individual Sugars, Soluble, and Insoluble Dietary Fiber Contents of 70 High Consumption Foods

As part ofthe continuous efforts ofthe Nutrient Data Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service (ARS), USDA in updating and expanding the carbohydrate data in its database, foods were selected based on dietary fiber content and frequency of consumption. They were analyzed by a commercial testing laboratory under a USDA contract. Individual sugars, soluble and insoluble dietary fiber values of70 foods in six food groups were reported. Foods included 14 baked products, 10 cereal grains and pastas, 19 fruits, seven legumes, 10 cooked vegetables, and 10 raw vegetables. Except for cereal grains/pasta and legumes, most other foods contained fructose and glucose; sucrose was found in almost all except baked products, which were the most predominant source ofmaltose. Fruits contained the most total sugar and cereal, grains/pasta the least. Legumes contained the highest amount oftotal dietary fiber. All these commonly consumed foods, with the exception of cooked white rice, contained both soluble and insoluble dietary fiber. The percent ofsoluble and insoluble fiber varied across food groups, even within each group. Comparison ofdata from the commercial laboratory with those ofthe same f analyzed in the Food Composition Laboratory using different methods indicated there was good agreement between high-performance liquid chromatographic and gas chromatographic methods for the determination of individual sugars. Total dietary fiber as calculated from the sum of soluble and insoluble fiber according to AOAC Method 991.43 and total dietary fiber from direct analysis using a single enzyme-gravimetric method showed high variability (r 2 o0.8) for three of the six food groups, but good agreement for others.
A simple revolving-field demonstrator for the personal computer

A means is introduced for graphically demonstrating the concept of the revolving stator magnetic field of a polyphase machine. This is implemented on the personal computer by means of a simple Fortran algorithm. A graphics package allows dynamic display of the output. The locus of the revolving phasor may be made to travel at any convenient speed, and the demonstrator is capable of displaying the results of balanced or unbalanced stator currents of any phase sequence. A listing of the interactive Fortran algorithm developed by the author is included. Such a capability has been found useful for inclusion in personal computer-oriented machinery classroom or laboratory courses. >
Making Cuts to Medicare: The Views of Patients, Physicians, and the Public

Purpose Cancer-related expenditures are increasing health care costs. Determining how patients with cancer, oncologists, and the general public view Medicare spending and whether they would support cost-containment measures is important to identifying acceptable approaches to reducing health care expenditures. Methods Patients with cancer treated at an academic medical center, a random national sample of oncologists, and the general public were surveyed between July 2012 and March 2013 about causes of high health care costs and proposed cost-control measures. Results Three hundred twenty-six patients (response rate, 72%), 250 oncologists (response rate, 55%), and 891 members of the general public (response rate, 50%) completed surveys. The majority thought Medicare spending was a moderate or big problem (75.8% of patients; 97.2% of oncologists; 75.3% of the general public) and thought Medicare could spend less without causing harm (65.6% of patients; 74.0% of oncologists; 69.7% of the general public). The...
Monitoring of the oestrus cycle in the rat by measurement of vaginal impedance.

There is a relationship between the electrical impedance of the vaginal mucous membrane and mucus and the various phases of the oestral cycle in animals. Daily measurement of the impedance in rats is an easy and rapid method for monitoring oestrus. Being less traumatic than the classical and time-consuming method of vaginal smears, it rarely disturbs the continuity of normal cycles.
Gas analyses from the Pu'u O'o eruption in 1985, Kilauea volcano, Hawaii

Volcanic gas samples were collected from July to November 1985 from a lava pond in the main eruptive conduit of Pu'u O'o from a 2-week-long fissure eruption and from a minor flank eruption of Pu'u O'o. The molecular composition of these gases is consistent with thermodynamic equilibrium at a temperature slightly less than measured lava temperatures. Comparison of these samples with previous gas samples shows that the composition of volatiles in the magma has remained constant over the 3-year course of this episodic east rift eruption of Kilauea volcano. The uniformly carbon depleted nature of these gases is consistent with previous suggestions that all east rift eruptive magmas degas during prior storage in the shallow summit reservoir of Kilauea. Minor compositional variations within these gas collections are attributed to the kinetics of the magma degassing process.
Influence of Fruit Maturity, Maceration Length, and Ethanol Amount on Chemical and Sensory Properties of Merlot Wines

Selected winemaking conditions were applied to fruit with ~20.3 and ~24.9 Brix over two seasons. Merlot grapes were harvested 33 (2011) and 34 (2012) days apart. At each harvest, half of the must was adjusted to emulate the other harvest’s soluble solids content to evaluate the effect of ethanol (EtOH) on phenolic extraction at different fruit maturities. Additionally, two maceration lengths of 10 days (control) and 30 days (extended maceration; EM) were tested. Control wines had significantly higher anthocyanin content, saturation, and red color component, whereas EM wines had enhanced tannin extraction from seeds, lower anthocyanin content, lower saturation, higher hue, and higher large polymeric pigment content. EtOH differences up to 2.7% (v/v) showed no significant effect on tannin and anthocyanin extraction, suggesting a minor role of this solvent under standard winemaking conditions. The later harvest date had a prevailing and positive effect on the sensory profile of the wines over winemaking factors such as maceration length and EtOH treatments. Wines from the early harvest fruit were defined by fresh vegetal character, acidity, and low color saturation. Wines from the late harvest fruit were defined by viscous mouthfeel, sweet taste, and fruit-derived aromas. Extended maceration shifted the sensory profile toward higher astringency, lighter and yellower color components, and cooked vegetal aromas. Chaptalization of early harvest fruit to 25 Brix shifted the sensory profile from cooked and fresh vegetable characters toward sweet taste, alcoholic, floral, chocolate/caramel attributes, astringency, and viscous mouthfeel. Overall, unripe fruit and the application of extended maceration had a negative impact on the sensory profile of the wines, whereas chaptalization of unripe fruit yielded wines with an improved sensory profile.
Nonlinear crosstalk and compensation in QDPASK optical communication systems

Nonlinear crosstalk in the quaternary differential-phase amplitude-shift-keying (QDPASK) modulation format is analyzed. Significant crosstalk penalty is measured on a QDPASK signal with a 20-Gb/s aggregate capacity for nonlinear phase shifts of 0.17/spl pi/ rad and above. Two different compensation techniques are demonstrated based on either prechirping or postchirping of the optical signal, increasing the nonlinear tolerance by 6.1 and 4.5 dB, respectively.
Repeated Parallel Evolution of Minimal rRNAs Revealed from Detailed Comparative Analysis

The concept of a minimal ribosomal RNA-containing ribosome, a structure with a minimal set of elements capable of providing protein biosynthesis, is essential for understanding this fundamental cellular process. Nematodes and trypanosomes have minimal mitochondrial rRNAs and detailed reconstructions of their secondary structures indicate that certain conserved helices have been lost in these taxa. In contrast, several recent studies on acariform mites have argued that minimal rRNAs may evolve via shortening of secondary structure elements but not the loss of these elements as shown for trypanosomes and nematodes. Based on extensive structural analysis of chelicerate arthropods, we demonstrate that extremely short rRNAs of acariform mites share certain structural modifications with nematodes and trypanosomes: loss of helices of the GTPase region and divergence in the evolutionarily conserved connecting loop between helices H1648 and H1764 of the large subunit rRNA. These highly concerted parallel modifications indicate that minimal rRNAs were generated under the strong selection that favored or tolerated reductions of helices in particular locations while maintaining the functionality of the rRNA molecules throughout evolution. We also discuss potential evolution of minimal rRNAs and atypical transfer RNAs.
Processor validation: a top-down approach

This work presents the design validation techniques for microprocessors. The verification effectiveness validates the design implementation using a combination of simulation techniques and formal methods. This article presents a top-down validation methodology that complements existing bottom-up verification techniques. The validation team applies model checking to a high-level description of the design abstracted from the RTL implementation. Formal verification uses a formal language to describe the system. The specification for the formal verification comes from the architecture description; the implementation can come from either the architecture specification or the abstracted design. A top-down methodology for validating microprocessors using a combination of symbolic simulation and equivalence checking is presented. Specification-driven hardware generation and validation of design implementation using equivalence checking has one limitation: the structure of the generated hardware reference model is similar to that of implementation.
Interplay Between Social Experiences and the Genome: Epigenetic Consequences for Behavior

Social experiences can have a persistent effect on biological processes leading to phenotypic diversity. Variation in gene regulation has emerged as a mechanism through which the interplay between DNA and environments leads to the biological encoding of these experiences. Epigenetic modifications-molecular pathways through which transcription is altered without altering the underlying DNA sequence-play a critical role in the normal process of development and are being increasingly explored as a mechanism linking environmental experiences to long-term biobehavioral outcomes. In this review, evidence implicating epigenetic factors, such as DNA methylation and histone modifications, in the link between social experiences occurring during the postnatal period and in adulthood and altered neuroendocrine and behavioral outcomes will be highlighted. In addition, the role of epigenetic mechanisms in shaping variation in social behavior and the implications of epigenetics for our understanding of the transmission of traits across generations will be discussed.
Decision making framework for thinking about information seeking behavior

At the time of constantly emerging technologies, information professionals need frameworks for modeling users' preferences as well as understanding adoption and usability issues. One such framework, the decision making Expected Utility theory, is reviewed for its ability to offer the logic of mathematical modeling with graphical aids for analyzing information seeking decisions. Major information seeking decisions, including decisions to seek information, select information sources and search strategies, select relevant information objects, and decisions to stop seeking, are analyzed using the four expected utility components: alternatives, outcomes, likelihoods and values. Application of decision theoretic framework helps to identify under-studied areas of information seeking research, as well as offers new ways of analyzing information preferences.
Checking timed Büchi automata emptiness on simulation graphs

Timed automata [Alur and Dill 1994] comprise a popular model for describing real-time and embedded systems and reasoning formally about them. Efficient model-checking algorithms have been developed and implemented in tools such as Kronos [Daws et al. 1996] or Uppaal [Larsen et al. 1997] for checking safety properties on this model, which amounts to reachability. These algorithms use the so-called zone-closed simulation graph, a finite graph that admits efficient representation and has been recently shown to preserve reachability [Bouyer 2004]. Building upon Bouyer [2004] and our previous work [Bouajjani et al. 1997; Tripakis et al. 2005], we show that this graph can also be used for checking liveness properties, in particular, emptiness of timed Buchi automata.
Sensory experience of food and obesity: a positron emission tomography study of the brain regions affected by tasting a liquid meal after a prolonged fast.

The sensory experience of food is a primary reinforcer of eating and overeating plays a major role in the development of human obesity. However, whether the sensory experience of a forthcoming meal and the associated physiological phenomena (cephalic phase response, expectation of reward), which prepare the organism for the ingestion of food play a role in the regulation of energy intake and contribute to the development of obesity remains largely unresolved. We used positron emission tomography (PET) and 15O-water to measure changes in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and to assess the brain's response to the oral administration of 2 ml of a liquid meal (Ensure Plus, 1.5 kcal/ml) after a 36-h fast and shortly before consuming the same meal. Twenty-one obese (BMI > 35 kg/m2, 10M/11F, age 28 ± 6 years, body fat 40 ± 6%) and 20 lean individuals (BMI < 25 kg/m2, 10M/10F, age 33 ± 9 years, body fat 21 ± 7%) were studied. Compared to lean individuals, obese individuals had higher fasting plasma glucose (83.3 ± 6.2 vs. 75.5 ± 9.6 mg/dl; P = 0.0003) and insulin concentrations (6.1 ± 3.5 vs. 2.5 ± 1.7 μU/ml; P < 0.0001) and were characterized by a higher score of dietary disinhibition (i.e., the susceptibility of eating behavior to emotional factors and sensory cues, 5.7 ± 3.6 vs. 3.5 ± 2.7; P = 0.01) assessed by the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire. In response to the sensory experience of food, differences in rCBF were observed in several regions of the brain, including greater increases in the middle-dorsal insula and midbrain, and greater decreases in the posterior cingulate, temporal, and orbitofrontal cortices in obese compared to lean individuals (P < 0.05, after small volume correction). In a multiple regression model, percentage of body fat (P = 0.04), glycemia (P = 0.01), and disinhibition (P = 0.07) were independent correlates of the neural response to the sensory experience of the meal in the middle-dorsal insular cortex (R2 = 0.45). We conclude that obesity is associated with an abnormal brain response to the sensory aspects of a liquid meal after a prolonged fast especially in areas of the primary gustatory cortex. This is only partially explained by the elevated glycemia and high level of disinhibition which characterize individuals with increased adiposity. These results provide a new perspective on the understanding of the neuroanatomical correlates of abnormal eating behavior and their relationship with obesity in humans.
Problems in Quantifying the Social Costs and Benefits of Gambling

As casinos and other forms of gambling spread across the United States, voters and policymakers are becoming increasingly interested in the potential costs and benefits from expansion in gambling industries. Since the mid-1990s, a variety of cost-benefit research has been published, much of it using flawed methodologies. This paper examines some of the most important areas of debate and disagreement among gambling researchers, and explains why the quantification of the costs and benefits of gambling is problematic.
Device level simulation for power converters

The objective of device-level simulation of power converters is to obtain detailed performance information such as device voltage and current waveforms and power dissipations. The resulting model can also be used in the course of design to help optimize component choices. Issues involved in device-level simulation such as applications, problems, limitations and advantages are discussed. An example full-bridge converter is simulated and used for illustration. >
Determination of the rocking curve and reflection efficiency of a SiO2 crystal imager using Zr, Nb, Mo AND Ag Kα x-rays

The diffraction and reflection of x-rays by crystalline structures is important in diagnosing the properties of hot, dense, strongly emitting plasmas such as those that are generated by intense laser light. The rocking curve and reflection efficiency of a SiO 2 crystal has been measured for four different x-ray energies, E = 15.690, 16.521, 17.374, and 22.1629 keV corresponding to the Kα lines of Zr, Nb, Mo and Ag, respectively. The crystal is Quartz with Miller indices of [2354]. It is used for x-ray imaging and has a spherically curved surface with a focal length of 25 cm. The x-rays, which were provided by the National Synchrotron Light Source at Brookhaven National Laboratory, were collimated and polarized in the horizontal plane with an energy bandwidth ΔE/E ∼ 10−4. The x-ray flux was measured using an ion chamber. The crystal was mounted in a goniometer and swept in the vertical through an angle of 4° in 0.025° steps centered on the expected reflection direction. The reflected x-rays were detected using imaging plates. The rocking curves and reflectivity data will be presented.
A Late Period Riverine and Maritime Port Town and Cult Center at Tell Tebilla (Ro-nefer)

Tell Tebilla (Ro-nefer) represents one of several riverine and maritime ports in Egypt’s delta during Dynasties 21–30 (1069–343 BCE). It displays diverse relations, including with southern Egypt, the East Mediterranean, and Near East. Tebilla apparently flourished, despite periodic political fragmentation, economic decline, civil wars, rebellions, and attacks and invasions by Kushites, Assyrians, Babylonians, and Persians. Growing prosperity is evident through Sheshonq I’s construction of a stone temple in Dynasty 22, and its receipt of costly statues and offerings by Late Period officials and priests. The town’s importance is emphasized by the presence of high ranking officials, elaborate tombs, fittings, and furnishings, and a probable Dynasty 30 enclosure (235 by 352 m) that ranks among medium to large Egyptian temple precincts. Although this enclosure might have doubled as a refuge, its architecture lacks effective military features; Artaxerxes III’s 342 BCE campaign breached Egypt’s delta defenses and destroyed many temples and towns, including Tebilla. DOI:10.2458/azu_jaei_v05i1_mumford
The Making of Phenomenology as an Autonomous Discipline

The present article analyses the transformation of the first version of phenomenology, introduced by Husserl in the Prolegomena to Pure Logic (1900), into the transcendental phenomenology as outlined in Introduction to Logic and Theory of Knowledge (1906-7). First, it is argued that phenomenology was initially conceived as a discipline that should clarify the legitimacy of the objective constructions of pure logic by relating them to the corresponding subjective acts of thought. Then, it is shown that Husserl acknowledges that this first investigation is dependent on pure logic, and that he gradually extends the phenomenological tasks so as to develop an autonomous universal science of pure consciousness, committed to exploring the totality of the experience of the world. However, it is suggested, in the conclusion, that the problem of the dependence on pure logic is not completely solved in 1906-7.
Innovations: Current Issues in Accounting for Derivatives

Although the Financial Accounting Standards Board has been developing standards for reporting and disclosing derivatives activity for many years, current guidelines are still neither comprehensive nor widely accepted. With regard to recognition of profit or loss from these instruments, the difficulty arises from the fact that some balance sheet items are marked to market, while others are measured at cost. This means that offsetting gains and losses in hedging relationships may be recognized in different reporting periods. Both existing and newly proposed accounting rules address this problem by allowing firms to defer certain derivatives gains and losses until offsetting gains and losses are realized. The problem remains that, because hedging relationships are often complex and dynamic, this approach can be effective only if firms have flexibility in deciding which gains and losses to defer. Yet that very flexibility makes financial statements difficult to interpret and creates the potential for income manipulation. One way to resolve this conflict would be to recognize all gains and losses as they occur, but this solution has always generated controversy. Is it too costly, or just too radical? The problem with regard to disclosure is that the important information about derivatives positions is often not their size and market value, but rather their impact on the probability distribution of future earnings, an aspect that is beyond the scope of traditional accounting. Rulemakers defend the lack of requirements for quantitative risk disclosure by citing the cost of obtaining relevant risk measures and a lack of agreement about them. Yet many derivatives dealers estimate and track quantitative measures of risk on a daily basis. If corporate managers are unable to quantify the risks associated with their derivatives positions, is it prudent for them to expose shareholders to those risks?
Collected Interpretations of the X Gong Xu

This article aims at providing a Chinese-English reference source for researchers studying the inscription on a bronze vessel published in 2002, sometimes called the X Gong xu because the name of lord (gong) is transcribed by some scholars as Sui 遂 and by others as Bin 豳. It is a compilation of the transcriptions and interpretations of each character in the inscription by nineteen scholars in the field. It also provides transcriptions and English translations of the inscription in its entirety.
TREATMENT OF STEADY AND UNSTEADY FLOWS USING A FAST TIME-ACCURATE FULL POTENTIAL SCHEME

The unsteady full potential equation in three dimensions is solved in conservation form by an implicit triple approximate factorization scheme. The method employs internal Newton iterations, at each time level, to achieve time accuracy and computational efficiency. A robust flux biasing procedure is implemented to provide the necessary artificial viscosity for treating hyperbolic regions bounded by shocks and sonic surfaces. The resulting three-dimensional unsteady computer program is fully vectorized for the CRAY-X/MP. Steady state solutions (three orders of magnitude drop in residual) are usually obtained in i00 iterations requiring 30 seconds of CPU time on the CRAYS/MP, for 32,000 grid points. A full cycle of unsteady calculations for a wing in harmonic pitch (reduced frequency N 0.1 to 0.2) is usually computed in less than 100 tinie steps requiring at most two internal Newton iterations to maintain time accuracy. Results are presented for several wing cases wi th wing sweeps ranging from 0' to 65'. Comparisons with experimental data for steady and unsteady cases are in good agreement.
THE MINERALOGY, GEOCHEMISTRY, AND METALLURGY OF COBALT IN THE RHOMBOHEDRAL CARBONATES

Abstract Carbonate ores of cobalt are a significant but under-recognized fraction of the global Co resource. Cobalt forms spherocobaltite (CoCO 3 , calcite group), whose complete solid solution with isostructural magnesite, MgCO 3 , is described here for the first time. Cobalt-rich dolomite, Ca(Mg,Co)(CO 3 ) 2 , and Co-rich calcite, (Ca,Co)CO 3 , can accommodate up to 20 mol.% Co and up to 2 mol.% Co, respectively. Cobalt has also been reported as a minor substituent of other calcite-group carbonates and as a major constituent of the non-rhombohedral carbonates comblainite, Ni 4 Co 3+ 2 (OH) 12 (CO 3 )·3H 2 O (hydrotalcite supergroup), and kolwezite, (Cu,Co) 2 (CO 3 )(OH) 2 (poorly understood, possibly rosasite group). Cobalt carbonates are most common in the supergene zones of Cu-Co sulfide ore deposits, especially the Central African Copperbelt. A study focused on the Tenke-Fungurume district (TFM) in the Copperbelt found Co-rich dolomite, Co-rich magnesite, spherocobaltite, and kolwezite. Cobalt-rich dolomite occurs as Co-rich bands in supergene dolomite and as individual Co-rich dolomite crystals filling void spaces. Members of the magnesite-spherocobaltite solid solution occur as crystals filling void spaces in rocks and as microscopic inclusions with kolwezite in supergene chalcocite (Cu 2 S) replacing primary carrollite (CuCo 2 S 4 ). The formation of Co-rich carbonates remains enigmatic. Evidence from Bou Azzer indicates that they can form under specific hypogene conditions, but in general Co-rich carbonates form from supergene processes. Dedolomitization has been proposed as a mechanism of formation for the analogous Zn carbonates, but there is no evidence of dedolomitization in the TFM cobalt carbonates. Most of them appear to have precipitated directly from pockets of Co-(Mg)-(Cu)-carbonate-enriched solution trapped within oxidizing hypogene sulfides. Cobalt carbonates pose a serious metallurgical problem. Most carbonate ores are processed by solvent extraction using acid. Solubility calculations indicate that the Co in carbonates is less soluble than Mg, Fe, and Ca by 3 to 4 orders of magnitude. Thus, acid leaching will liberate all other ions from carbonate ores before releasing appreciable Co. Furthermore, many of the Mg-rich spherocobaltites in this study were initially misidentified as Co-rich dolomite, which is far more soluble than spherocobaltite. This may cause Co recoveries to be lower than predicted at many Central African Copperbelt mines.
Gender Dynamics from an Arab Perspective: Intercultural Service Encounters

Gender plays an important role in Arab customers’ evaluation of intercultural service encounters. Even though Middle Eastern tourists are a growing market segment in the travel industry, academic research on them from a service management perspective remains relatively sparse. To understand Arab customers’ evaluation of service experiences, this research focuses on the gender dynamics between service providers and Arab customers during a service encounter. Online surveys of a scenario-based experiment were created and distributed to respondents of Arab descent in Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, and United Arab Emirates. The findings, based on 326 respondents, suggest that Arab customers are more comfortable—more satisfied with the service encounter and more willing to provide feedback—if the employee is the same gender. However, employee efforts to solicit feedback did not intensify the gender interaction effect on comfort. The findings of this research provide valuable implications for hospitality managers to bet...
Recognition of depression in patients who smoke.

BACKGROUND Depression is a common illness in family practice and is frequently missed by busy practitioners. Recent studies have suggested a relationship between smoking and depression in the general population. The purpose of this study is to determine whether a patient's smoking is related to the physician's recognition of a patient's depression. If so, smoking may serve as a cue used by physicians to recognize depression in their clinical decision-making process. METHODS Adult patients presenting to the University of Oklahoma Family Practice Residency Clinic were screened for depression using the short form of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). After each patient visit, upper level residents or fellows completed response cards on which they recorded their assessment of the likelihood of a depression, their familiarity with the patient, and whether they had any knowledge of a depression history. RESULTS The prevalence of depression as measured by the BDI among smokers (n = 232) and nonsmokers (n = 472) was 24.1% and 15.3%, respectively, a significant difference (P less than .001). Physicians identified depression at a significantly higher rate (75.0%) among depressed smokers than among depressed nonsmokers (48.6%) (P less than .0001). Smokers were 2.06 times as likely to be labeled depressed when controlling for the presence of a current depression, physician knowledge of a depression history, and physician familiarity with the patient (P less than .0001, 95% CI = 1.44,2.94). CONCLUSIONS Smoking may serve as a cue for the clinician in the recognition of depression. Further research is needed to determine how smoking or a related factor may be used by physicians to correctly identify depression.
Skin Aging in Three Dimensions

Patients and physicians are often inclined to view skin aging as a mostly dermal/epidermal process that is primarily the result of exposure to ultraviolet light. In the face, however, the distribution of subcutaneous fat and the unique cutaneous musculature create a third dimension that strongly influences the patient’s apparent age.
Is gender more important and meaningful than race? An analysis of racial and gender identity among Black, White, and mixed-race children.

OBJECTIVES Social categories shape children's lives in subtle and powerful ways. Although research has assessed children's knowledge of social groups, most prominently race and gender, few studies have examined children's understanding of their own multiple social identities and how they intersect. This paper explores how children evaluate the importance and meaning of their racial and gender identities, and variation in these evaluations based on the child's own age, gender, and race. METHOD Participants were 222 Black, White, and Mixed-Race children (girls: n = 136; Mage = 9.94 years). Data were gathered in schools via 1-on-1 semistructured interviews. Analyses focused on specific measures of the importance and meaning of racial and gender identity for children. RESULTS We found that: (a) children rate gender as a more important identity than race; (b) the meanings children ascribe to gender identity emphasized inequality and group difference whereas the meaning of race emphasized physical appearance and humanism/equality; and (c) children's assessments of importance and meaning varied as a function of child race and gender, but not age. CONCLUSION The findings extend research on young children's social identity development and the role of culture and context in children's emerging racial and gender identities. Implications for identity theory and development and intergroup relations are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record
Case report: whole exome sequencing of primary cardiac angiosarcoma highlights potential for targeted therapies.

Abstract Background Primary cardiac angiosarcomas are rare, but they are the most aggressive type of primary cardiac neoplasms. When patients do present, it is with advanced pulmonary and/or cardiac symptoms. Therefore, many times the correct diagnosis is not made at the time of initial presentation. These patients have metastatic disease and the vast majority of these patients die within a few months after diagnosis. Currently the treatment choices are limited and there are no targeted therapies available. Case presentation A 56-year-old male presented with shortness of breath, night sweats, and productive cough for a month. Workup revealed pericardial effusion and multiple bilateral pulmonary nodules suspicious for metastatic disease. Transthoracic echocardiogram showed a large pericardial effusion and a large mass in the base of the right atrium. Results of biopsy of bilateral lung nodules established a diagnosis of primary cardiac angiosarcoma. Aggressive pulmonary disease caused rapid deterioration; the patient went on hospice and subsequently died. Whole exome sequencing of the patient’s postmortem tumor revealed a novel KDR (G681R) mutation, and focal high-level amplification at chromosome 1q encompassing MDM4 , a negative regulator of TP53. Conclusion Mutations in KDR have been reported previously in angiosarcomas. Previous studies also demonstrated that KDR mutants with constitutive KDR activation could be inhibited with specific KDR inhibitors in vitro. Thus, patients harboring activating KDR mutations could be candidates for treatment with KDR-specific inhibitors.
Telephone intervention to promote diabetic retinopathy screening among the urban poor.

Background Participation in diabetic retinopathy screening is suboptimal. The Vision is Precious study (2001–2005) tested the hypothesis that a tailored telephone intervention in urban minority diabetes populations, offered in English or Spanish, would result in greater screening for retinopathy than a standard print intervention. Design Randomized controlled trial Setting/Participants Subjects (N=598) were adults with diabetes without a dilated fundus examination (DFE) in >1 year from three healthcare centers in Bronx NY. Intervention A tailored telephone intervention to promote retinopathy screening compared to a standard print intervention over a 6-month period. Main Outcome Measures Documentation of a DFE within 6 months was the main outcome. Data on risk perceptions using the Risk Perception Survey for Diabetes were collected pre- and post-intervention. Electronic databases were used to obtain hemoglobin A1c information. Results Subjects were 40% men, mean age 57 years; 39% reported household incomes as p Conclusions A limited telephone intervention can improve significantly participation in retinopathy screening in a minority, low-income population. This intervention influenced risk perceptions about diabetes complications. Further research is needed to develop effective risk communications to prevent the complications of diabetes.
Kinematics of the Barred Galaxy NGC 1365

NGC 1365 is a galaxy which has lately received a lot of attention from people studying the structure and dynamics of barred galaxies. This is not surprising since it is one of the best suited objects in the sky. We have obtained a number of long-slit spectra in the red region (Hα, [NII] , [SII]) with the ESO 3.6 m (Lindblad and Jorsater) and with the CTIO 4 m (Peterson) telescopes. In addition, a couple of Fabry-Perot Hoc interf erograms have kindly been given to us by G. Comte and Y. Georgelin. Some preliminary results are presented here. Fig. {dy1 sh}ows the positions of measured velocity points. The digits along the vertical axis indicate distance from the nucleus in seconds of arc. The dashed line at P.A. 48 deg indicates the line of nodes as determined from photometry of the outer features of the galaxy (Lindblad 1978). An arbitrary isophote has been sketched to aid the orientation. The emission lines in the bar are surprisingly weak which is the reason for the scarcity of velocity points there. Fig. 2 shows a rotation curve based on the P.A. of the line of nodes of 48 deg and an inclination of 55 deg (Lindblad 1978). Only velocity measurements within 50 deg of the line of nodes have been used in this diagram in order to avoid large projection errors. The distance used is 20 Mpc. The spread is quite large indicating a significant amount of non-circular motion.
Cardioprotective effects of the novel anthracycline antitumor agent N-benzyladriamycin-14-valerate (AD 198)

1134 The antitumor efficacy of nuclear-targeted anthracyclines, such as doxorubicin (DOX) is often limited by dose-dependent cardiomyopathies occurring in up to 25% of all treated patients at doses as low as 600 mg/sq m and as early as 6 months after DOX-based therapy. Anthracyclines generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) through an iron-dependent redox reactions on the quinone ring of the chromophore. ROS induce cardiomyocyte apoptosis and impede myocardial contractility. Lower doses of DOX reduce the frequency of cardiomyopathies, but produce sub-clinical damage leading to reduced cardiac functional reserve and rendering the patient more sensitive to superimposed cardiac stress. In an effort to eliminate DOX cardiotoxicity while retaining potent antitumor efficacy, we have developed a novel class of extranuclear-targeted anthracyclines, represented by N-benzyladriamycin-14-valerate (AD 198), that retains antitumor potency through a mechanism that is distinct from DOX. AD 198 binds to the C1b regulatory domain of protein kinase C (PKC). The resulting stimulation of kinase activity leads to rapid apoptosis in proliferating cells and is unimpeded by Bcl-2/Bcl-XL, Bcr-Abl, P-gp or p53 dysfunction. AD 198 demonstrates no organ toxicity in vivo and myelosuppression only at higher doses than DOX. Remarkably, AD 198 is chronically non-cardiotoxic in mice despite the presence of a quinone ring capable of generating ROS. To characterize the underlying basis of non-cardiotoxicity, we sought to determine the effect of AD 198 treatment on PKC-e, an important signaling nexus in the preconditioning pathway involved in cardiomyocyte survival. AD 198 induces rapid and specific PKC-e translocation to membrane in isolated rat and mouse cardiomyocytes. PKC-e activation also induces NF-kB activity and phosphorylation of p38-MAPK. Since NF-kB and p38 are two downstream target of PKC involved in myocardial early- and late-phase preconditioning, we tested the ability of AD 198 to induce cardiac preconditioning ex vivo. For this purpose, isolated rat hearts were perfused with oxygenated Krebs-Henseleit buffer containing either DMSO (vehicle control), DOX or AD 198 for 15 min, then subjected to global ischemia by arterial occlusion, followed by reperfusion with drug-free buffer for 1 hr. Left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP) was used as a measure of functional recovery from ischemia. In the presence of DMSO alone, LVDP exhibits a 22.5% recovery during reperfusion compared with pre-ischemic pressure. Perfusion with 1 uM DOX decreases post-ischemic LVDP recovery to just 7.5%. Perfusion with AD 198 as low as 0.1 uM produces up to 82.4% recovery of LVDP. Studies in PKC-e knockout mice reveal reduced cardioprotection by AD 198. These results suggest that AD 198 non-cardiotoxicity in vivo correlates with induction of cardioprotective signaling in myocytes through PKC-e activation.
Networking and the Career Opportunities It Affords in Clinical Chemistry.

“It's not what you know, it's who you know,” so the popular saying goes; yet it is surprising how little attention is paid to developing networking skills vs technical skills in schools and colleges. Students are expected to somehow develop this essential skill on their own. Yet, not everyone does, and the negative impact on his or her professional development can be significant. When I think back to my own career, I owe a lot of opportunities that came my way to networking. At the top of that list is how I met my predecessor from Yale, Dr. Herbert Malkus, while I was …
Mood Disturbance in ADHD Due to a General Medical Condition

In this chapter we review methodological approaches to develop a differential diagnosis and to evaluate organic causes of mood disturbance in patients with ADHD, while placing a particular focus on the pediatric population. Many individuals with ADHD experience difficulty with mood disturbance during the course of their illness, making thorough evaluation an important clinical issue. For example, in one population study of 5326 youths with ADHD by Stringaris et al., 38% experienced mood lability, a high percentage that is approximately ten times population rates. In another study by Riley et al. involving 1500 parents of children 6–18 years of age, impairment related to emotional dysregulation in ADHD greatly impacted quality of life, more so than even the attention and hyperactivity deficits themselves. Since practically all psychiatric symptoms can be mimicked by a general medical condition, we explicate the mnemonic MEND A MIND as a useful tool for aiding the clinician at the point of care in formulating a broad differential for organic causes of mood disturbance in patients with ADHD.
Dasatinib-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension - A rare late complication.

Dasatinib is a dual Src/Abl tyrosine kinase inhibitor approved for frontline and second line treatment of chronic phase chronic myelogenous leukemia. Pulmonary arterial hypertension is defined by a...
Educating the Next Generation of Social Ecologists

Abstract This chapter presents curricular and practice-based approaches for educating future social ecologists. Cultivating a social ecological perspective among students requires that they internalize certain values, beliefs, attitudes, behaviors, and analytic competencies conducive to transdisciplinary action research . This chapter is organized around what I call the “four T's” of social ecological training: transdisciplinary , team-based , translational , and transcultural approaches to research and practice. The first T includes mentoring strategies to nurture a transdisciplinary orientation among students so that they are able to analyze scientific and societal problems from a multilevel, systemic and contextual perspective. Curricular and mentoring resources to foster cross-disciplinary fluency and competence in contextual analysis are described. Because the ability to work across disciplines is essential for social ecological inquiry, the chapter considers differences between unidisciplinary , multidisciplinary , interdisciplinary , and transdisciplinary approaches to scholarship and community practice. Finally, in view of the growing need for action-oriented, transcultural collaboration across diverse fields, cultures, and time zones, this chapter describes new directions in translational team science (sometimes involving thousands of coinvestigators from around the world) and their relevance to social ecological training.
Engineering of E. coli inherent fatty acid biosynthesis capacity to increase octanoic acid production

As a versatile platform chemical, construction of microbial catalysts for free octanoic acid production from biorenewable feedstocks is a promising alternative to existing petroleum-based methods. However, the bio-production strategy has been restricted by the low capacity of E. coli inherent fatty acid biosynthesis. In this study, a combination of integrated computational and experimental approach was performed to manipulate the E. coli existing metabolic network, with the objective of improving bio-octanoic acid production. First, a customized OptForce methodology was run to predict a set of four genetic interventions required for production of octanoic acid at 90% of the theoretical yield. Subsequently, all the ten candidate proteins associated with the predicted interventions were regulated individually, as well as in contrast to the combination of interventions as suggested by the OptForce strategy. Among these enzymes, increased production of 3-hydroxy-acyl-ACP dehydratase (FabZ) resulted in the highest increase (+ 45%) in octanoic acid titer. But importantly, the combinatorial application of FabZ with the other interventions as suggested by OptForce further improved octanoic acid production, resulting in a high octanoic acid-producing E. coli strain +fabZ ΔfadE ΔfumAC ΔackA (TE10) (+ 61%). Optimization of TE10 expression, medium pH, and C:N ratio resulted in the identified strain producing 500 mg/L of C8 and 805 mg/L of total FAs, an 82 and 155% increase relative to wild-type MG1655 (TE10) in shake flasks. The best engineered strain produced with high selectivity (> 70%) and extracellularly (> 90%) up to 1 g/L free octanoic acid in minimal medium fed-batch culture. This work demonstrates the effectiveness of integration of computational strain design and experimental characterization as a starting point in rewiring metabolism for octanoic acid production. This result in conjunction with the results of other studies using OptForce in strain design demonstrates that this strategy may be also applicable to engineering E. coli for other customized bioproducts.
Traditional Knowledge Reaffirmed

In the interest of responsible agency service, the skilled caseworker interested in sustained therapy must be given sanction to offer such services