cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
American Indian Female Adolescents' Sexual Behavior: A Test of the Life‐Course Experience Theory

The life-course experience theory was used to explain variation in age at first coitus andfirst pregnancy among a nationally representative sample of American Indian female adolescents. Results revealed that the greatest predictors of age atfirst coitus and age atfirst pregnancy were personal life experience variables, followed byfamily-level variables. Consideration was given to comparing the experiences of American Indianfemale adolescents with those emergingfrom other life-course experience studies on non-European-American adolescents. Implicationsfor prevention and educational programming, as well as suggestionsforfuture research, were offered.
Silicate in anoxic pore waters and oxidation effects during sampling

SILICA concentrations in pore fluids of sediments, and the exchange between pore water and the overlying water are important considerations for the silica budgets of the marine environment1–3. Recent studies have shown, however, that inadequate sampling and handling procedures of marine sediments can produce large compositional changes in the pore fluids of these sediments4–6. Changes in sediment temperatures, similar to those occurring during sample acquisition, can alter the pore water silica concentration by as much as 50% (ref. 7). Oxidation may also produce artefacts in pore water data, that is oxidation of iron-rich anoxic pore waters has been shown to decrease the concentration of iron and phosphate in estuarine pore waters8,9. We present here laboratory data which indicate that the exposure of anoxic pore waters to the ordinary atmosphere can reduce the silica concentration by approximately 15%, which may reduce the reported diffusional fluxes of silica from anoxic marine sediment by 15%.
The direct carbon solid oxide fuel cell with H2 and H2O feeds

Abstract The performance of the direct carbon solid oxide fuel cell (C-SOFC) with a Ni/YSZ anode has been studied with a 50 mol% H2, 3 mol% H2, and 7 mol% H2O feed at 750 °C. The electricity generation was dominated by consumption of H2 fuel at 50 mol% H2 and by carbon at 3 mol% H2. The low (3 mol%) H2 kept the Ni/YSZ anode in reduced state, enhancing its electrochemical oxidation activities. Introducing 7 mol% H2O initiated the water reaction with carbon to produce H2 and CO that could serve as a fuel for further reactions in anode interlayer, exhibiting a decrease in the overall Faraday resistance of the C-SOFC.
Controlling the Microstructure of Solution-Processable Small Molecules in Thin-Film Transistors through Substrate Chemistry

Solution-processable small molecules have tremendous potential in macroelectronics applications by providing both high charge carrier mobility and low cost processing. Fluorinated 5,11-bis(triethylsilylethynl) anthradithiophene enables high performance thin film transistors due, in part, to a self-patterning process where crystals grow from chemically tailored contacts and bridge the transistor channel. This paper outlines a detailed microstructural study that identifies the crystallization mechanisms of the self-patterning. Two crystal habits are observed: we find that crystals on chemically modified electrodes predominantly form (001) oriented platelets while untreated surfaces form a fine mixture of (001) and (111) oriented crystals. For (001) oriented platelets, the (010) fast growth face lies in the plane of the film and allows extended growth from platelets nucleated on the electrode into the transistor channel. The in-plane charge carrier mobility of the (001) platelets is high; for short channel l...
Emission from the 1(n, π*) state of azobenzene: Spectrum and ultrashort decay time

Abstract Picosecond lifetime and depolarization studies of 1 (n, π * ) emission from trans-azobenzene indicate that fluorescence contributes substantially- to the emission decay pattern. The 1 (n, π * ) state's decay time is ≈25 ps, in contrast to the nanosecond lifetimes exhibited by fluorescing singlet states in stilbenes and styrenes.
Histopathology of Nomuraea rileyi in larvae of Heliothis zea and in vitro enzymatic activity

Abstract Conidia of Nomuraea rileyi germinated in 2 days on larvae of Heliothis zea. Germ tubes penetrated the cuticle directly. This seemed to be aided by enzymatic secretions as evidenced by the darkening of the epicuticle and part of the exocuticle suggesting apparent lysis. In the endocuticle, hyphae grew parallel to the endocuticular laminae with lateral branches penetrating into epidermis and then hemocoel where they proliferated and attacked internal organs. Blood cells were first to be invaded, followed by fat lobes, Malpighian tubules, muscles, and mesenteron. Disintegration of body tissues of the host began before death. At death, hyphae began to grow outward. In vitro enzymatic tests showed that N. rileyi secretes chitinase, protease, and lipase.
Biaxial elastic–viscoplastic behavior of Nafion membranes

Abstract Durability is a major limitation of current proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Mechanical stress due to hygro-thermal cycling is one failure mechanism of the polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM). In a fuel cell the PEM is highly constrained in the membrane plane and relatively unconstrained in the through-thickness direction, leading to primarily biaxial loading upon hygro-thermal cycling. The rate, temperature, and hydration dependent elastic–viscoplastic mechanical behavior of Nafion, the benchmark PEM, has been extensively investigated in uniaxial tension in prior work which also served as a data basis for a three dimensional constitutive model. Here, the important effects of the biaxiality of the loading conditions on the elastic–viscoplastic Nafion stress–strain behavior are investigated for the first time via experiments and simulation. Biaxial stress–strain behaviors were shown to exhibit similar features to uniaxial behavior including linear elasticity followed by a highly non-linear transition to yield followed by post-yield strain hardening with highly non-linear unloading and reloading; these features were each quantitatively dependent on the biaxiality of the loading conditions. The constitutive model was found to successfully quantitatively predict the loading behavior and its dependence on biaxiality. The constitutive model was also found to predict the magnitude of the yield shoulder during unloading and reloading, but to underestimate the gradual nature of both the forward and reverse plastic deformation processes as well as the strain recovery at zero load. These errors are consistent with those seen in the uniaxial model indicating that the framework used to incorporate the uniaxial behavior into a three dimensional model is capable of predicting the biaxial deformation response of the membrane.
Work site group meetings and the effectiveness of a televised smoking cessation intervention.

At the work site, smoking accounts for increased health care expenses and worker absenteeism due to smoking-related illness and reduced productivity and lost wages. Developing comprehensive and accessible smoking cessation programs at the work site is an important objective for health care professionals. In this study, employees of 43 corporations participated in a televised smoking cessation program accompanied by self-help manuals. The media component involved presenting a smoking cessation program on a network television affiliate station during the 4:30 p.m. and 10:00 p.m. news for 20 days. Employees at half the corporations also had access to semiweekly self-help group meetings. Adding self-help support groups to a program involving self-help manuals and the media reports was found to significantly increase abstinence and its maintenance over time. The implications of using the media, self-help groups, and work site locations in large-scale community-based interventions are discussed.
Throughput Estimation for Singleton Video Streaming Application over Wireless Sensor Network

Recent advances in wireless communications technology and low-power, low-cost CMOS imaging sensors enable a new sensing modality employing ubiquitous distributed video sensing. In many video sensing applications multimedia streams are often required by the base station to provide detailed information of the target spot in the sensor field. Such applications demand a strict throughput requirement for each data stream and expect the underline routing scheme to yield throughput-aware data paths for video data delivery. As a result, data path throughput estimation becomes increasingly important for successful video delivery algorithm designs. In this paper, we propose a data path throughput estimation model for singleton streaming applications, where only one data path is instantiated between source and destination. Coupled with distributed TDMA packet scheduling scheme, this path throughput estimation model can be employed by path formation algorithms to construct data paths from source to destination to yield throughput-aware video delivery. OPNET simulation results indicate that our model is accurate and our proposed TDMA packet scheduling scheme is favorable for video streaming applications.
Adsorption properties of Ca2+ on Na-kaolinite and its effect on flocculation using polyacrylamides

Abstract Adsorption behavior of calcium ions on Na-kaolinite and the adsorption and flocculation behavior of Na-kaolinite by polyacrylamide in the presence of calcium species in solution have been investigated. Parameters examined in calcium adsorption experiments include pH, conditioning time of the suspension with calcium, and calcium concentration. The effect of calcium on adsorption of polyacrylamide and hydrolyzed polyacrylamide by the kaolinite and on its flocculation is determined. Also the effect of the polymer on calcium adsorption is examined. Adsorption of calcium occurs only under pH conditions where it hydrolyzes to CaOH+ and Ca(OH)2. Calcium adsorption (abstraction) is sensitive to the presence of polymer as well as to stirring conditions. Interestingly, above pH 8, stirring and addition of polymer (HPAM 33) were found to cause calcium desorption suggesting detachment of precipitate from the kaolinite surface.
Literature review of Ooencyrtus kuvanae [Hym.: Encyrtidae] , an egg parasite of Lymantria dispar [Lep: Lymantriidae]

Literature onOoencyrtus kuvanae (Howard) from throughout the world is reviewed. References from Asia, Japan, Europe, Africa, and North America, covering the years 1900–1983, are included. The information is divided into the following subject areas: taxonomy, host range, distribution and introductions, biology and life history, host suitability, behavior and spatial distribution, effectiveness, and population dynamics. Suggestions for future research are presented.
Evaluation of steel properties and cracking in “k”-area of W shapes

Abstract Historically, the chemical composition and physical properties specified by the appropriate ASTM Standards were an indication that the structural steel material was adequate for most common applications. Typically, only the chemistry, yield point, tensile strength and elongation were provided on the mill test report. Changes in steel making processes came about slowly so that there was no need for major changes in the ASTM Standards. During the post World War II period, riveted construction was replaced by bolted and, more importantly, welded connections and structural shapes. At the same time, larger and longer span structures became common. Within years, major problems were encountered. Fracture of bridge girders using heavy plates and frames using heavy jumbo shapes alerted designers to the phenomena of Charpy V-notch (CVN) toughness and brittle fracture. Appropriately, the governing codes such as AASHTO, AREA and AISC introduced material requirements and testing to prevent steel with unacceptable properties from being used. Recently, another material property deficiency has been identified, namely cracking in the `k' area of hot rolled wide flange shapes. The shapes are produced from scrap iron in an electric furnace and continuously cast into near shape configuration. It is not the scrap iron or the continuous casting into near shape that is the problem, but the final cold straightening that alters the steel properties in the `k' area. Extremely high yield stress almost equal to the elevated tensile strength occurs with corresponding lowered elongation and single digit CVN toughness. This paper will show examples, discuss this phenomenon and explain its ramifications.
A review of structure mechanics aspects of fusion blankets

Abstract Blanket design approaches for fusion reactors have been examined in light of structural analysis requirements. The special nature of most fusion blankets requires that no through cracks, no matter how small, develop in the first wall during the blanket lifetime. The state-of-the-art of structural methods for creep-fatigue interaction and fracture mechanics behavior at elevated temperatures and high fluences have been examined. Recommendations are made for the required development needs in order to assure reliable structural based life prediction methods for future blanket systems.
Power and Gender Congruency Effects in Evaluations of Male and Female Managers

The gender congruency theory of power (Johnson, 1976) was tested in afield study of 110 subordinates (55 male and 55female) of matched pairs of male andfemale managers in three organizations. There was a lack of support for the theory that perceived power is gender-typed; male andfemale managers received equivalent ratings when perceived as using the same forms of power. Implications of these findings for women in management are discussed. Future directions for research in this area are suggested.
Mesozoic hotspot epeirogeny in eastern North America

Geologic data, especially conodont paleotemperatures, imply that southeastern Canada and New England have been elevated at least 4 km relative to the central Appalachian region. Apatite fission-track ages suggest that the uplift and consequent erosion occurred in Cretaceous–early Tertiary time, consistent with the formation of a broad swell as North America moved northwestward over the Great Meteor hotspot.
Investigation of Galectin‐3 Function in the Reproductive Tract by Identification of Binding Ligands in Human Seminal Plasma

Problem Galectin-3 is a β-galactoside binding protein with immunomodulatory properties and exerts its extracellular functions via interactions with glycoconjugate ligands. Therefore, to elucidate the function of galectin-3, binding ligands in human seminal plasma were investigated. Method of study Galectin-3 binding proteins were isolated from seminal plasma by affinity chromatography, and candidate ligands were identified by MS/MS. Biochemical methods were used to characterize the ability of galectin-3 to bind its ligands. Results Identified galectin-3 ligands included CD13, MUC6, PAP, PSA, and ZAG. 1D and 2D electrophoretic analysis of seminal plasma demonstrated that CD13, PAP, PSA, and ZAG immunoreactivity co-migrated with galectin-3-reactive protein bands and spots at expected molecular weights and pIs. Inhibition assays indicated that CD13, PSA, PAP, and ZAG interact with galectin-3 in a protein–carbohydrate manner. Conclusion The galectin-3 binding ligands identified in this study indicate multiple roles for galectin-3 in the reproductive and immunological functions of seminal plasma.
Overexpression of ST6GalNAcV, a ganglioside-specific α2,6- sialyltransferase, inhibits glioma growth in vivo

Aberrant cell-surface glycosylation patterns are present on virtually all tumors and have been linked to tumor progression, metastasis, and invasivity. We have shown that expressing a normally quiescent, glycoprotein-specific α2,6-sialyltransferase (ST6Gal1) gene in gliomas inhibited invasivity in vitro and tumor formation in vivo. To identify other glycogene targets with therapeutic potential, we created a focused 45-mer oligonucleotide microarray platform representing all of the cloned human glycotranscriptome and examined the glycogene expression profiles of 10 normal human brain specimens, 10 malignant gliomas, and 7 human glioma cell lines. Among the many significant changes in glycogene expression observed, of particular interest was the observation that an additional α2,6-sialyltransferase, ST6 (α-N-acetyl-neuraminyl-2,3-β-galactosyl-1,3)-N-acetylgalactosaminide α2,6-sialyltransferase 5 (ST6GalNAcV), was expressed at very low levels in all glioma and glioma cell lines examined compared with normal brain. ST6GalNAcV catalyzes the formation of the terminal α2,6-sialic acid linkages on gangliosides. Stable transfection of ST6GalNAcV into U373MG glioma cells produced (i) no change in α2,6-linked sialic acid-containing glycoproteins, (ii) increased expression of GM2α and GM3 gangliosides and decreased expression of GM1b, Gb3, and Gb4, (iii) marked inhibition of in vitro invasivity, (iv) modified cellular adhesion to fibronectin and laminin, (v) increased adhesion-mediated protein tyrosine phosphorylation of HSPA8, and (vi) inhibition of tumor growth in vivo. These results strongly suggest that modulation of the synthesis of specific glioma cell-surface glycosphingolipids alters invasivity in a manner that may have significant therapeutic potential.
The Use of Nonprotein Nitrogen Compounds, Sugar Beet Molasses, and Their Combinations in Growing Chick and Laying Hen Rations

Abstract Two experiments were conducted to study the utilization of nonprotein nitrogen sources (urea and diammonium citrate), sugar beet molasses, and their combinations by laying hens and growing chicks. Basal diets containing 12 and 20% protein and all essential amino acids according to NRC recommendation (1977) were formulated for laying hens and growing chicks, respectively. Basal diets were supplemented with 3% protein equivalent from soybean meal, urea, or diammonium citrate (DAC) both with and without 10% molasses. In the laying hen experiment, molasses was used also at 15 and 20% in the diet containing 3% supplemental protein from soybean meal. Egg production was increased significantly when the basal diet was supplemented with soybean protein or urea; however, the response to soybean meal supplementation was significantly greater than to that of urea. Diammonium citrate significantly decreased egg production and it had an adverse effect on feed consumption, egg weight, and nitrogen retention. Molasses failed to increase utilization of urea for egg production, but it reduced the adverse effect of DAC on egg production. In the chick studies a growth response was obtained when the basal diet was supplemented with soybean meal, but no response was obtained from urea or DAC. Molasses did not improve the performance of chicks with or without protein supplementation. Molasses per se can be used effectively as an energy source as it had no adverse effects on performance of laying hens and growing chicks up to the maximum levels which were used in these experiments.
Computational procedures for the maximum likelihood parameters of the gamma and beta distributions

A computational procedure is presented for calculating the maximum likelihood sampled parameters for the gamma and beta distributions. The procedure employed is both computationally efficient and easy to use. In order to facilitate immediate application, a self-contained FORTRAN IV computer code has been included to carry out the necessary operations.