cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The problem of locating the second triplet state of benzene

Abstract Various and conflicting arguments have been put forward about the location and intensity of the 3E1u absorption in benzene. At present, the best predictions seem to put its Franck-Condon maximum between 37 and about 41 kk, probably near 38 ± 1 kk. The CCl4-enhanced bands found by J. S. Ham, which start at 37.7 kk, fit this, but their “mirror-image fluorescence” as reported by Leach and co-workers seems to prove that they are simply the enhanced 0-0 progression of the 1B2u absorption. Further theoretical and experimental studies are theorefore needed to help locate and identify the 3E1u absorption, to settle some of the many auxiliary questions which have been debated, and to give us a better understanding of these higher triplets and their enhancement mechanisms. The test of enhancement by O2 may be inconclusive for such a strong orbitally-allowed triplet, because it may be simply additive and not proportional to the original triplet intensity. Heavy-atom spin-orbit enhancements, on the other hand, might be multiplicative and might be relatively strong for such triplets even though they are weak for the low, forbidden, triplets.
An interactive web-based system using cloud for large-scale visual analytics

Network cameras have been growing rapidly in recent years. Thousands of public network cameras provide tremendous amount of visual information about the environment. There is a need to analyze this valuable information for a better understanding of the world around us. This paper presents an interactive web-based system that enables users to execute image analysis and computer vision techniques on a large scale to analyze the data from more than 65,000 worldwide cameras. This paper focuses on how to use both the system's website and Application Programming Interface (API). Given a computer program that analyzes a single frame, the user needs to make only slight changes to the existing program and choose the cameras to analyze. The system handles the heterogeneity of the geographically distributed cameras, e.g. different brands, resolutions. The system allocates and manages Amazon EC2 and Windows Azure cloud resources to meet the analysis requirements.
Free inositol, sorbitol and fructose levels in sciatic nerve.

Au sujet d'un article comparant les taux de fructose, inositol et sorbitol dans le nerf sciatique de sujets diabetiques post mortem, et ces memes taux dans le nerf saphene externe
Polarized Socialization in an Urban High School

Based on ethnographic research, this article analyzes the pattern of polarized socialization at an urban high school. It concentrates on aspects of adolescent experience: the status-stratified residential structure of the community, interaction patterns in the school, peer groups, the sectioning system adopted by the school, and the students' differential access to pedagogical content. Segregated interaction was typical in these dimensions of day-to-day life. The school contributed to perpetuating the structure that the community interposed to separate blacks from whites.
Drag Coefficients of Long Flexible Cylinders

In the summer of 1981 a field experiment was conducted investigating the vibration response of long flexible cylinders to vortex shedding in a steady, uniform current. Two basic cylinder types were tested, both 75 feet in length. One cylinder was a cable 1.25 inches in diameter with seven pairs of internal biaxial accelerometers. The second cylinder was a steel pipe, 1.631 inches in diameter, carrying the cable inside. Drag force, current speed, tension, and biaxial acceleration at seven locations were measured. Drag coefficients in excess of 3.0 were measured for both the pipe and the cable under lockin conditions.
Optimization of a convex program with a polynomial perturbation

We consider the problem of minimizing a convex function plus a polynomial p over a convex body K. We give an algorithm that outputs a solution x whose value is within @erange"K(p) of the optimum value, where range"K(p)=sup"x"@?"Kp(x)-inf"x"@?"Kp(x). When p depends only on a constant number of variables, the algorithm runs in time polynomial in 1/@e, the degree of p, the time to round K and the time to solve the convex program that results by setting p=0.
Simulation of surface segregation free energies

The effects of different assumptions made in the simulation of surface segregation free energies are considered. Thirty face-centered-cubic dilute binary alloys are investigated using embedded-atom method potentials. First, it is demonstrated that the inclusion of local atomic relaxations in lattice statics simulations strongly affects the segregation free energy at (111) free surfaces in over half of the alloys. Second, a Monte Carlo technique, namely, the overlapping distributions method (ODMC), is used to determine the effect of the vibrational entropy term on the surface segregation Helmholtz free energy for simulations at elevated temperatures (1000 K). It is determined that the vibrational entropy term is important for a quarter of the alloys. We conclude that for accurate calculations of surface segregation free energies, both local atomic relaxations and the vibrational entropy must be included in nearly all cases. Since the ODMC method is very computer-time intensive, a technique based on a simplification of the quasiharmonic approximation for calculating free energies is investigated. Results from this free-energy minimization (FEM) method using the local harmonic approximation are compared to results from the ODMC method. It is found that the FEM method calculates the segregation free energies at (111) free surfaces accurately for most of the 30 alloys. Segregation free energy profiles are also calculated as a function of distance from (111) free surfaces employing both methodologies. The agreement is found to be poor for alloys that have a large solvent atom and a small solute atom. Other problems and sources of error with the FEM method are also discussed.
Far-infrared spectra and conformational stability of the epihalohydrins

Abstract The far-IR spectra of gaseous (360-50 cm −1 ) and solid (500-50 cm −1 ) epifluorohydrin, epichlorohydrin, and epibromohydrin, OCH 2 CH(CH 2 X), have been recorded and the asymmetric torsional modes of two conformations of the epichlorohydrin and epibromohydrin molecules have been observed and assigned. The asymmetric torsional modes for all three conformers of epifluorohydrin have been observed and assigned, and an asymmetric potential function governing internal rotation is calculated. The potential constants obtained are V 1 =590±167, V 2 =−245±203, V 3 =1175±98, V 6 =−60±40 cm −1 which are coefficients for the cosine terms, and V ′ 1 =775± 80, V ′ 2 =−365±216, V ′ 3 =−135±33 cm −1 which are terms associated with the sine portion of the function. The calculated enthalpy difference between the most stable gauche I and next more stable conformation, the cis form, is 269 cm −1 (769 cal mol −1 ) with the enthalpy difference between the gauche I and gauche II conformers calculated to be 1007 cm −1 (2.88 kcal mol −1 ). The results of a Raman temperature study of epifluorohydrin in the gaseous phase are also included. Some reassignments of the low frequency bending vibrations are suggested for the epihalohydrins as well. The results are compared to the corresponding quantities for the similar halomethylcyclopropane molecules.
Identification and characterization of a SUMO-1 conjugation system that modifies neuronal calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II in Drosophila melanogaster.

Drosophila Uba2 and Ubc9 SUMO-1 conjugation enzyme homologs (DmUba2 and DmUbc9) were isolated as calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII) interacting proteins by yeast two-hybrid screening of an adult head cDNA library. We found that at least one isoform of Drosophilaneuronal CaMKII is conjugated to DmSUMO-1 in vivo. The interactions observed in the two-hybrid screen may therefore reflect catalytic events. To understand the role of SUMO conjugation in the brain, we undertook a characterization of the system. The other required components of the system, Drosophila Aos1 and SUMO-1 (DmAos1 and DmSUMO-1), were identified in expressed sequence tag data base searches. Purified recombinant DmUba2/DmAos1 dimer can activate DmSUMO-1 in vitro and transfer DmSUMO-1 to recombinant DmUbc9. DmSUMO-1 conjugation occurs in all developmental stages of Drosophila and in the adult central nervous system. Overexpression of a putative dominant negative DmUba2(C175S) mutant protein in the Drosophila central nervous system resulted in an increase in overall DmSUMO-1 conjugates and a base-sensitive p120 species, which is likely to be DmUba2(C175S) linked to endogenous DmSUMO-1 through an oxygen ester bond. Overexpression of DmUba2(wt) protein in vivo also led to increased levels of DmSUMO-1 conjugates. High level overexpression of either DmUba2(wt) or DmUba2(C175S) in the Drosophila central nervous system caused pupal and earlier stage lethality. Expression in the developing eye led to a rough eye phenotype with retinal degeneration. These results suggest that normal SUMO conjugation is essential in the differentiated nervous system and reveal a potential novel mechanism that regulates neuronal calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II function.
Childhood common variable immunodeficiency with autoimmune disease.

Clinical and laboratory findings in eight patients with childhood common variable immunodeficiency and autoimmune disease are described. Six of the eight patients had initial signs of the disease, persistent secretory diarrhea, recurrent upper respiratory tract infections, or both, in the first year of life. Autoimmune manifestations included idiopathic thrombocytopenia (4/8), hemolytic anemia (3/8), secretory diarrhea (4/8), arthritis (2/8), chronic active hepatitis (2/8), parotitis (2/8), and Guillain-Barre syndrome (2/8). In addition to the expected sinusitis, otitis, and pneumonia caused by encapsulated bacteria, these patients also had severe infections with viruses of the herpes group. Most of these patients had lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, growth failure, and failure to develop secondary sexual characteristics. Laboratory studies demonstrated a significant increase in the ratio of T cells expressing the T helper phenotype (OKT4) to T cells expressing the T suppressor-cytotoxic phenotype (OKT8) (T4/T8). This increase could be attributed to a decrease in the absolute number of T8 cells. Additional findings included fluctuating levels of serum immunoglobulins and markedly diminished in vitro antibody production by B cells. The clinical course was relapsing and remitting, and dominated by the autoimmune manifestations of the disease. This group of patients constitutes a distinct subset of children with hypogammaglobulinemia, a subset with a complex, multisystemic disorder associated with significant morbidity and motality.
Stack allocation and synchronization optimizations for Java using escape analysis

This article presents an escape analysis framework for Java to determine (1) if an object is not reachable after its method of creation returns, allowing the object to be allocated on the stack, and (2) if an object is reachable only from a single thread during its lifetime, allowing unnecessary synchronization operations on that object to be removed. We introduce a new program abstraction for escape analysis, the connection graph, that is used to establish reachability relationships between objects and object references. We show that the connection graph can be succinctly summarized for each method such that the same summary information may be used in different calling contexts without introducing imprecision into the analysis. We present an interprocedural algorithm that uses the above property to efficiently compute the connection graph and identify the nonescaping objects for methods and threads. The experimental results, from a prototype implementation of our framework in the IBM High Performance Compiler for Java, are very promising. The percentage of objects that may be allocated on the stack exceeds 70p of all dynamically created objects in the user code in three out of the ten benchmarks (with a median of 19p); 11p to 92p of all mutex lock operations are eliminated in those 10 programs (with a median of 51p), and the overall execution time reduction ranges from 2p to 23p (with a median of 7p) on a 333-MHz PowerPC workstation with 512 MB memory.
CONCEPTUALIZATION OF A MEASURE OF PATRIOTISM

(1983). CONCEPTUALIZATION OF A MEASURE OF PATRIOTISM. Free Speech Yearbook: Vol. 22, No. 1, pp. 83-88.
Stochastic fatigue damage modeling under variable amplitude loading

Abstract A general methodology for stochastic fatigue life prediction under variable amplitude loading is proposed in this paper. The methodology combines a nonlinear fatigue damage accumulation rule and a stochastic S–N curve representation technique to achieve this objective. The nonlinear damage accumulation rule proposed in this paper improves the deficiencies inherent in the linear damage accumulation rule and still maintains its simplicity in the application. The covariance structure of the stochastic damage accumulation process under variable amplitude loading is included into the methodology by a new stochastic S–N curve approach. A wide range of fatigue data available in the literature is used to validate the proposed methodology, which covers different type of metallic materials under constant and variable amplitude loadings. The prediction results are also compared with existing fatigue models.
Use of the Sindbis replicon system for expression of LaCrosse virus envelope proteins in mosquito cells

The Sindbis replicon expression system was used to express La Crosse (LAC) virus envelope glycoprotein genes in both mammalian and mosquito cell culture. Replicon expressed LAC proteins had correct molecular mass (Mr) and were antigenically similar to wild type LAC envelope proteins. In addition, LAC G1 and G2 proteins colocalized when expressed from separate constructs in both mammalian and mosquito cells suggesting that they were trafficked through the cell similarly to wild type LAC proteins. A truncated form of the G1 protein was secreted from mosquito cells when expressed alone. The truncated G1 protein was also secreted from mosquito cells when expressed with the G2 protein, but to a lesser extent than when expressed alone, suggesting that the G2 protein sequestered G1 protein intracellularly. The Sindbis replicon system is a powerful tool for the study of LAC virus protein maturation within mosquito cells and mosquitoes.
What It Means to Be 98% Chimpanzee: Apes, People, and Their Genes.

What It Means to Be 98% Chimpanzee: Apes, People, and Their Genes. Jonathan Marks. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2002. 325 pp.
5.3.1 Evolution of a Unique Systems Engineering Capability

The Idaho National Laboratory (INL) is a science-based, applied engineering laboratory dedicated to supporting U.S. Department of Energy missions in nuclear and energy research, science, and national security. The INL's Systems Engineering organization supports all of the various programs under this wide array of missions. As with any multifaceted organization, strategic planning is essential to establishing a consistent culture and a value discipline throughout all levels of the enterprise. While an organization can pursue operational excellence, product leadership or customer intimacy, it is extremely difficult to excel or achieve best-in-class at all three. In fact, trying to do so has resulted in the demise of a number of organizations given the very intricate balancing act that is necessary. The INL's Systems Engineering Department has chosen to focus on customer intimacy where the customer's needs are first and foremost and a more total solution is the goal. Frequently a total solution requires the employment of specialized tools to manage system complexity. However, it is only after understanding customer needs that tool selection and use would be pursued. This results in using both commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) tools and, in some cases, requires internal development of specialized tools. This paper describes how a unique systems engineering capability, through the development of customized tools, evolved as a result of this customer-focused culture. It also addresses the need for a common information model or analysis framework and presents an overview of the tools developed to manage and display relationships between entities, support trade studies through the application of utility theory, and facilitate the development of a technology roadmap to manage system risk and uncertainty.
An analytical study of catecholamine metabolites by phosphorimetry.

Abstract Phosphorescence excitation and emission spectra, lifetimes, phosphorimetric analytical curves, and limits of detection have been determined at 77°K in methanol: water 10:90 solution for tyrosine and 11 catecholamine metabolites. The influence of pH on the phosphorescence efficiency is shown to be valuable for the identification of phenolate species and enhancement of sensitivity of the method. Strongly alkaline solution (pH ≥ 10) are the most suitable solvent for the phosphorimetric studies of nondegradable catechnolamine metabolites (3-methoxy-4-hydroxy derivatives). Low limits of detection between 0.2 and 0.02 μg/ml are obtained. For most of the compounds, phosphorimetry is shown to give better sensitivity and accuracy than the classical fluorometric assays of catecholamines.
Total Recall--the Memory of Addiction

How does cocaine induce the long-lasting changes in neural circuitry that result in addictive behavior? As Nestler explains in his Perspective, the formation of memories through long-term potentiation (LTP) in the hippocampus may provide some clues. Discussing a paper from Malenka and colleagues published elsewhere, Nestler compares the increase in glutamatergic transmission accompanying LTP in the hippocampus with that induced in VTA dopamine neurons by cocaine.
Effect of whiskey on atrial vulnerability and "holiday heart"

Vulnerability to atrial fibrillation and flutter was examined in 11 alcohol abusers who did not have cardiomyopathy or manifest heart failure. Atrial extrastimu-lation was done with rapid pacing (drive cycle length 500 ms) to facilitate induction of atrial vulnerability, seen in four alcohol abusers. The remaining seven were re-tested 30 minutes after drinking 60 to 120 ml of 86 proof whiskey (ethanol blood levels were 49 to 101 mg/100 ml but pulmonary capillary wedge pressure remained normal in all) and atrial fibrillation or flutter was induced in three of the drinkers. Three nondrinkers, symptomatic with sinus bradycardia but not in heart failure, were found not to be vulnerable to atrial fibrillation or flutter, but flutter was induced in two of the three after drinking whiskey. Whiskey did not alter atrial functional refractory periods (mean ± standard error of the mean 297 ± 14 to 290 ± 12 ms) or widen the dispersion among three disparate right atrial sites (57 ± 13 to 47 ± 12 ms). Thus, whiskey enhanced vulnerability to atrial fibrillation and flutter in patients without heart failure or cardiomyopathy, substantiating the “holiday heart” syndrome.
Functional characterization of kurtz, a Drosophila non-visual arrestin, reveals conservation of GPCR desensitization mechanisms

The arrestins are a family of molecules that terminate signaling from many different G protein-coupled receptors, by inhibiting the association between receptor and downstream effectors. We recently employed a human betaarrestin2-GFP fusion protein to explore the dynamics of different neuropeptide receptors in Drosophila and have previously used a betaarrestin translocation assay to identify ligands at orphan receptors. Here, we report that the Drosophila arrestin encoded by kurtz functions in a similar fashion and can be employed to investigate GPCR-arrestin associations. Specifically, a GFP-krz fusion protein, upon co-expression with various Drosophila peptide receptors, an amine receptor, and a mammalian peptide receptor translocates to the plasma membrane in specific response to ligand application. This molecular phenotype is exhibited in a mammalian cell line as well as in a Drosophila cell line. Notably, the details of receptor-arrestin associations in terms of endocytotic patterns are functionally conserved between the mammalian arrestins and kurtz. Furthermore, we report that kurtz mutants exhibit hypersensitivity to osmotic stress, implicating GPCR desensitization as an important feature of the endocrine events that shape this stress response.
Exposing speculative thread parallelism in SPEC2000

As increasing the performance of single-threaded processors becomes increasingly difficult, consumer desktop processors are moving toward multi-core designs. One way to enhance the performance of chip multiprocessors that has received considerable attention is the use of thread-level speculation (TLS). As a case study, we manually parallelized several of the SPEC CPU2000 floating point and integer applications using TLS. The use of manual parallelization enabled us to apply techniques and programmer expertise that are beyond the current capabilities of automated parallelizers. With the experience gained from this, we provide insight into ways to aggressively apply TLS to parallelize applications for high performance. This information can help guide future advanced TLS compiler design.For each application, we discuss how and where parallelism was located within the application, the impediments to extracting this parallelism using TLS, and the code transformations that were required to overcome these impediments. We also generalize these experiences to a discussion of common hindrances to TLS parallelization, and describe methods of programming that help expose application parallelism to TLS systems. These guidelines can assist developers of uniprocessor programs to create applications that can easily port to TLS systems and yield good performance. By using manual parallelization on SPEC2000, we provide guidance on where thread-level parallelism exists in these well known benchmarks, what limits its extraction, how to reduce these limitations and what performance can be expected on these applications from a chip multiprocessor system with TLS.
Evaluation of RV and LV mass by CMR and comparison to recipient heart following heart transplant; the first-ever CMR human autopsy study

Background CMR is considered the ‘gold standard’ for non-invasive LV and RV mass quantitation. To our knowledge, this information is solely based on GRE sequences, with its dependence on flow conditions having never been prospectively or retrospectively validated in humans undermining its credibility. SSFP, with intrinsic contrast dependent on T1/T2 characteristics, offers superior image contrast between blood and myocardium and might redefine the CMR gold standard for cardiac mass. Herein we validate an SSFP approach using explanted hearts obtained from heart transplant recipients.
Band discontinuities in GaAs/AlxGa1−xAs heterojunction photodiodes

We have developed a technique for determining band discontinuities in GaAs/AlxGa1−xAs heterostructures by measuring the spectral response of specially designed p+N− heterojunction photodiodes. The spectral response exhibits internal photoemission with well defined threshold energies from which band offsets are easily deduced. This technique is applicable for GaAs/AlxGa1−xAs heterojunctions for which x≳0.5.
Pharmacological and pharmacokinetic evaluation of EXP3312, an orally-active non-peptide angiotensin II-receptor antagonist.

EXP3312, 2-n-propyl-4-chloro-1-[(2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-biphenyl-4-yl)methyl]imidazole-5-carboxylaldehyde, is a non-peptide angiotensin II (AII) AT 1 -receptor antagonist. In the rabbit isolated aorta EXP3312 inhibited the contractile response to AII competitively with a pA 2 value of 8.24. In renal hypertensive rats EXP3312 reduced blood pressure with intravenous and oral ED30 values of 0.19 and 0.14 mg kg -1 , respectively. It also reduced blood pressure in frusemide-treated dogs when administered orally at 1 and 3 mg kg -1 . In rats and dogs, the absolute oral bioavailability of EXP3312 averaged 60 and 28%, respectively. When EXP3312 was administered intravenously to rats and dogs the plasma elimination half-lives were 1.20 and 2.52 h, respectively. In rats and dogs EXP3312 was metabolized to an active metabolite M1, 2-n-propyl-4-chloro-1-[(2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-biphenyl-4-yl)methyl]imidazole-5-carboxylic acid. Ml is about ten times more potent than EXP3312 in renal hypertensive rats ; the intravenous ED30 value was 0.02 mg kg -1 . Because high plasma levels of M1 were found in rats after oral administration of EXP3312, it is likely that M1 contributes to the long duration of the antihypertensive effects of EXP3312 in renal hypertensive rats. The results show that EXP3312 is a potent, orally active, competitive and selective AT 1 -receptor antagonist and a potent antihypertensive agent ; it is likely to be therapeutically useful in the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.
FAILURE OF CLONIDINE TO IMPROVE THE GROWTH HORMONE RESPONSE TO L-DOPA ADMINISTRATION

We have previously shown that oral administration of clonidine (C) during one year period increases plasma somatomedin C (SM-C) levels, growth velocity and growth hormone (GH) response to C in prepubertal short children. We have now studied the effect of chronic administration of C on SM-C level and GH response to L-Dopa (DA) administration in three short children (aged 13.8 ± 1.8 yrs) with blunted GH response to DA administration but normal GH response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia and C. C was administered orally in a single dose (0.15 mg/m2/body surface area) daily at night during a 3-month period. The GH response to DA (250 mg) administration was determined before and one week after the treatment with C was terminated. Our results suggest that the increase in SM-C levels seen after long term administration is not mediated by Dopaminergic pathway.
Experimental tests of Pomeron factorization in single-particle-inclusive hadron scattering

Measurements of the dependence on $s={({p}_{a}+{p}_{b})}^{2}$ of the cross sections for single charged hadron production in the reactions $a+b\ensuremath{\rightarrow}c+$ anything over the range $4\mathrm{Ge}\frac{\mathrm{V}}{c}l~p_{a}^{}{}_{}{}^{\mathrm{lab}}l~250\mathrm{Ge}\frac{\mathrm{V}}{c}$ are presented. Particle $c$ is detected in a fixed interval of laboratory momentum and angle in the fragmentation region of the target proton. For the energy range studied there are significant departures from $A+B{s}^{\frac{\ensuremath{-}1}{2}}$ energy dependence. Fits to the $s$ dependence of the cross-sections are extrapolated to ${s}^{\frac{\ensuremath{-}1}{2}}=0$ to make seven independent tests of Pomeron factorization.
The Limits of Molecular Dynamics Applied to Condensed-Phase Energetic Materials

The limitations of various methods for computing manybody dynamics are summarized briefly in terms of the physical limits of the specific theory and generally of what can reasonably be computed. This information is then used to assess the current computational limit on using molecular dynamics to describe shocks and detonations in condensed phase energetic materials. This question is addressed by defining the computational requirements of a molecular dynamics simulation of a detonation propagating in an idealized nitromethane crystal lattice. The major questions addressed are: What is required to compute the properties of the system to obtain reasonable mesoscopic data? and What is the size of the system we can now compute, using one of the largest computers available? From this analysis, we discuss several directions in which future research in this field may proceed.
Image analysis in the orchidaceae

In orchids a number of variants of specific parameters of the floral image appear to have arisen from a common ancestral type and to have become established as genetically constant ones in the determination of sub-generic taxa. At the present time little is known of the genetic basis for their origin or establishment. Though it is not known at present whether perception and storage of a complex floral pattern play a role in the determination of flower constancy in pollinators (and thus in the genetic isolation of variants), we hypothesize that they do. As a step toward gaining the ability to test this hypothesis, we present a method for the comparative quantification of specific characteristics of floral images, which must bear some relation to the level of sophistication necessary in a processor if visual recognition is to be effected. A number of parameters in the images of orchid flowers have been so analyzed. The relation of these results to the possibility that the evolution of these images has been effected by visually mediated natural selection is discussed.
Radiative lifetimes and dipole moments of the A 2Σ+, B 2Σ+, and C 2Σ+ states of OH

After describing independent theoretical studies of the eigenfunctions of the X 2Pi and excited A 2Sigma(+), B 2Sigma(+), and C 2Sigma(+) states of OH, results are presented for the transition dipole moments connecting each excited state to the others and to the ground state. The radiative lifetimes derived from calculation of the bound-bound and bound-free vibrational band transition probabilities are compared with measured values, confirming recent measurements of the A 2Sigma(+) and C 2Sigma(+) states but not the lifetimes measured for the B 2Sigma(+) state.
Seafloor area within reach of petroleum technology

Abstract The depth capabilities of offshore oil technologies have increased substantially over the last four decades. Recently exploratory drilling operations have been conducted in water as deep as 2119 m and oil and gas production facilities have been installed in 311 m of water. The maximum potential impact of the technology is computed yearly using annual depth records which are converted into area of seafloor. In one region, the Western Gulf of Mexico, deep water production capability had exceeded the bathymetric limits and hence area of the geologic shelf by 1975. On a global scale if depth is the sole constraining factor, up to 53 million km 2 or 15% of ocean-area is now open to exploratory drilling. This is equivalent to 37% of all land area above sealevel. Using the same bathymetric constraint up to 23 million km 2 worldide became available for production by 1978. These subsea areas will influence global supply during times of high demand for oil and gas.
Assembly of SNARE Core Complexes Prior to Neurotransmitter Release Sets the Readily Releasable Pool of Synaptic Vesicles

Precise regulation of neurotransmitter release is essential for the normal function of neural networks, but the mechanisms involved are largely unclear. Using superfused synaptosomes, we have studied the readily releasable pool of synaptic vesicles, measured as the amount of release triggered by hypertonic sucrose. We show that activation of presynaptic metabotropic glutamate receptors by dihydroxyphenylglycine and stimulation of protein kinase C by phorbol esters enhance the readily releasable pool of glutamate. Although the molecular nature of the readily releasable pool is unknown, one possibility is that during its generation, SNARE proteins form full core complexes, and that core complex formation occurs prior to neurotransmitter release. To test this possibility, we employedN-ethylmaleimide (NEM), an inhibitor of the ATPaseN-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor that dissociates core complexes, to study the relation of the readily releasable pool to core complex assembly in synaptosomes. NEM induced a dose-dependent increase in the readily releasable pool of neurotransmitters but by itself did not trigger release. Direct measurements of core complexes confirmed that NEM caused an increase in the levels of SNARE core complexes under these conditions. Our data suggest that in the readily releasable pool of synaptic vesicles, SNARE proteins are fully assembled into core complexes, and that SNARE complex assembly is a target of presynaptic regulation.
Distributing a database for parallel processing is NP-hard

In a database the response time to a query can be reduced if certain concurrent operations are provided. In order to maximize the degree of concurrency, data has to be carefully allocated. The complexities of the following two problems are studied in this paper: one is to allocate a database onto a multiple-disk system which maximizes the disk access concurrency; the other one is to allocate a database over a network which minimize the number of nodes being used and a complete parallel searching is possible for a set of queries. Both are shown to be NP-hard (computational intractable) problems.
The effect of age and thyroid hormones on the monoamine oxidase of rat heart.

The activity of monoamine oxidase was studied in the heart mitochondria of normal and hyperthyroid rats using manometric techniques. A definite age effect was observed in normal rats with an increase from 0-trace activity in post-natal to approximately 1000 μl. O2 consumed/gram/hour in 5–600 gram rats. Desiccated thyroid diet (2%) and l-triiodothyronine produced an increase in heart monoamine oxidase activity of from 70 to 200% depending upon the age group of the animals used. d-Triiodothyronine did not have this stimulating effect when used at equimolar doses. The effect of oxygen tension on the oxidation rate of tyramine is different for the heart and liver enzymes.
Honeycomb and other anomalous surface pictures of graphite

Abstract Scanning tunneling microscope pictures of graphite ordinarily show only half of the atoms, the B-site atoms, in closepacked hexagonal symmetry. The pictures do not show the expected honeycomb structure with A- and B-site atoms. We have obtained STM pictures showing the graphite honeycomb structure along with well resolved A- and B-site atoms and the electronic bridge structure using tungsten and graphite-coated tungsten probes. Repeated scanning, however, changed the geometry of the pictures, eventually giving pictures with closepacked hexagonal symmetry.
Ethical Scandal, Legacy Identity and Relationship Outcomes: Sensemaking of the Innocents

This article examines legacy identification within the context of a global service company that was dissolved following an ethical disgrace. The study was based on in-depth interviews with Latin American respondents who previously worked for the disgraced company, but were later hired by competitor firms. Comparisons are drawn between legacy identity's influence on workplace relations versus client relations, thus uncovering nuances about the nature, motivators and consequences of legacy identity. Findings suggest that the legacy identity became the lens through which respondents interpreted the past, negotiated relationships and created a ‘new’ self. Managerial implications, limitations, future research directions are discussed in this article.
X-ray induction of methotrexate resistance due to dhfr gene amplification.

The effect of ionizing radiation on methotrexate (MTX) resistance and gene amplification in cultured mammalian cells was investigated. X-irradiation of mouse EMT-6 cells induced cell killing and MTX resistance due to amplification of the dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) gene in a dose-dependent manner. The highest yields of mutant cells were obtained at approximately D37 (the dose at which 37% of the cells survive), where the frequency of MTX-resistant cells was four- to eightfold over that of the unirradiated population. The proportion of MTX-resistant cells among the survivors increased logarithmically with dose, up to a 1000-fold increase over unirradiated cells at 1000 cGy, the highest dose tested. The induced frequency of MTX resistance after X-irradiation was greater than the induced frequency of 8-azaguanine resistance, which indicates deletion of the hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase gene. Inhibition of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase by the addition of 3-aminobenzamide before irradiation increased both cell killing and MTX resistance. Metaphase spreads of chromosomes from EMT-6 cells that had been irradiated and subjected to stepwise increases in MTX concentration showed numerous double minutes. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of the DNA from cells containing radiation-induced double minutes showed that many copies of the dhfr gene were present on circular DNA molecules of 106, 2× 106, and 3×106 base pairs. These results suggest a relationship between the induction of chromosome aberrations and the induction of gene amplification.
Oxaliplatin: pre-clinical perspectives on the mechanisms of action, response and resistance

Oxaliplatin is a third-generation platinum compound that has shown a wide range of anti-tumour activity in metastatic cancer and in multiple cell lines. It contains a diaminocyclohexane carrier ligand and is one of the least toxic platinum agents. In the past decade, the use of oxaliplatin for the treatment of colorectal cancer has become increasingly popular because neither cisplatin nor carboplatin demonstrate significant activity. Similar to cisplatin, oxaliplatin binds to DNA, leading to GG intra-strand crosslinks. Oxaliplatin differs from its parent compounds in its mechanisms of action, cellular response and development of resistance, which are not fully understood. Like most chemotherapeutic agents, efficacy of oxaliplatin is limited by the development of cellular resistance. ERCC1 (excision repair cross-complementation group 1) mediated nucleotide excision repair pathway appears to be the major pathway involved in processing oxaliplatin, because the loss of mismatch repair does not lead to oxaliplatin resistance. Recent findings support the involvement of many genes and different pathways in developing oxaliplatin resistance. This mini-review focuses on the effects of oxaliplatin treatment on cell lines with special emphasis on colorectal cell lines.
Determinants in mammalian telomerase RNA that mediate enzyme processivity and cross-species incompatibility

Telomerase contains two essential components: an RNA molecule that templates telomeric repeat synthesis and a catalytic protein component. Human telomerase is processive, while the mouse enzyme has much lower processivity. We have identified nucleotide determinants in the telomerase RNA that are responsible for this difference in processivity. Mutations adjacent to the template region of human and mouse telomerase RNA significantly altered telomerase processivity both in vitro and in vivo. We also identified functionally important nucleotides in the pseudoknot domain of telomerase RNA that potentially mediate the incompatibility between human TERT and mouse telomerase RNA. These experiments identify essential residues of the telomerase RNA that regulate telomerase activity and processivity.
Two parallel machine sequencing problems involving controllable job processing times

In this note we consider a problem of scheduling n single-operation jobs on m non-identical machines where the sequencing of the jobs and their processing times are decision variables. It is assumed that the cost of performing a job is a linear function of its processing time. The scheduling cost to be minimized is: (A) the total processing cost plus total flow time, (B) the total processing cost plus total weighted earliness and weighted tardiness. We reduce each problem to a transportation problem that can be solved by a polynomial time algorithm.
De "corpos" a "pessoas": a atuação das pacientes através do julgamento da Dra. Mary Dixon Jones de 1892

This article examines a sensational public libel trial that took place in 1892 between the Brooklyn, New York, Eagle newspaper and a well-known female gynecological surgeon, Dr. Mary Amanda Dixon Jones. I suggest that the event both affirmed and helped authorized changing understandings of women's bodies and gynecological disease for female patients, trial spectators, and the larger public. It suggests that the development of gynecological surgery altered doctor-patient relationships which enabled middle class and even some poor women to speak in the courtroom about the burdensome experience of illness. The trial provided an unusual public venue for airing disappointments and complaints about the female condition, as well as the discussion about medical practices.
Organic aerosol source apportionment from highly time-resolved molecular composition measurements

Abstract Organic molecular composition measurements with 3.5 min time resolution were performed with the photoionization aerosol mass spectrometer (PIAMS) over an 18-day period in October–November 2007 in Wilmington, Delaware, USA. Mass spectra were obtained for a total of 6244 time periods, and the signal intensities of 60 specific m / z ratios corresponding to key organic molecular species were modeled by positive matrix factorization (PMF). Six factors were identified that could be tentatively linked to specific sources (diesel exhaust, car emissions/road dust, meat cooking) or types of compounds (alkanes/alkanoic acids, phthalates, PAHs). Owing to the inherent high time resolution of PIAMS, the temporal (diurnal) and wind direction dependencies of these factors could be examined in detail to assess the impacts of point sources and atmospheric processes. Time-resolved EC/OC and gas-phase data (O 3 , NO x , CO) were also obtained during the measurement period to help distinguish primary (POC) and secondary (SOC) organic carbon. The total organic carbon (TOC) concentration averaged 2.6 μg m −3 during the measurement period and most (>90%) was classified as primary. Of this, approximately one-third could be assigned as combustion POC and the other two-thirds as non-combustion POC. The PMF results were combined with EC/OC data for source apportionment. The diesel and car/road dust factors together represented about two-thirds of TOC, while the alkane/alkanoic acid and meat cooking factors contributed most of the remaining one-third. The phthalate and PAH factors contributed very little, only a few percent of the total. The diesel factor correlated most strongly to combustion POC, while the sum of the remaining factors correlated well with non-combustion POC.
Large-Scale Atmospheric Forcing of Recent Trends toward Early Snowmelt Runoff in California

Abstract Since the late 1940s, snowmelt and runoff have come increasingly early in the water year in many basins in northern and central California. This subtle trend is most pronounced in moderate-altitude basins, which are sensitive to changes in mean winter temperatures. Such basins have broad areas in which winter temperatures are near enough to freezing that small increases result initially in the formation of less snow and eventually in early snowmelt. In moderate-altitude basins of California, a declining fraction of the annual runoff has come in April–June. This decline has been compensated by increased fractions of runoff at other, mostly earlier, times in the water year. Weather stations in central California, including the central Sierra Nevada, have shown trends toward warmer winters since the 1940s. A series of regression analyses indicate that runoff timing responds equally to the observed decadal-scale trends in winter temperature and interannual temperature variations of the same magnitude...
Structural and Stratigraphic Evolution of the Rio Grande Rift, Northern New Mexico and Southern Colorado

The well-known Pliocene to Quaternary Rio Grande rift of northern New Mexico and southern Colorado is distinctly different from the Miocene rift, especially in structural style. Prior to approximately 21 Ma, there was little extension or rift-basin development. Uppermost Oligocene and Lower Miocene strata were deposited as broad volcaniclastic aprons, with no significant evidence of syn-depositional faulting, in contrast to younger deposits. The only documented areas of extensional faulting and stratal rotation older than 21 Ma occur within or close to magmatic centers. Early rift basins (21-10 Ma) developed as half grabens progressively tilted in hanging walls of normal faults that primarily reactivated Laramide (Eocene) reverse faults: (1) the San Luis basin tilted eastward as the Sangre de Cristo normal fault reactivated westward-dipping Laramide reverse faults; (2) the Tesuque basin tilted westward as normal faults reactivated eastward-dipping Laramide reverse faults of Sierra Nacimiento and related f...
Needs and Technics for Counseling Parents of Young Children Good Preventive Pediatrics Must Include Attention to Child Behavior and Parental Counseling

Experiences in infancy and early childhood are important in the development of individual intelligence and personality. Is there a practicing pediatrician who has not observed serious behavioral abnormalities develop because of poor child-rearing practices?
Inter-rater and test-retest reliability of the Revised Diagnostic Interview for Borderlines.

The baseline inter-rater reliability, test-retest reliability, follow-up inter-rater reliability, and follow-up longitudinal reliability (interrater reliability between generations of raters) of borderline symptoms and the diagnosis of borderline personality disorder (BPD) were assessed using the Revised Diagnostic Interview for Borderlines (DIB-R). Excellent kappa s (> .75) were found in each of these reliability substudies for the diagnosis of BPD itself. Excellent kappa s were also found in each of the three inter-rater reliability substudies for the vast majority of borderline symptoms assessed by the DIB-R. Test-retest reliability for these symptoms was somewhat lower but still very good. More specifically, one-third of the BPD symptoms assessed had a kappa in the excellent range and the remaining two-thirds had a kappa in the fair-good range (.57-.73). The dimensional reliability of BPD symptom areas was somewhat higher than for categorical measures of the subsyndromal phenomenology of BPD. More specifically, all five dimensional measures of borderline psychopathology had intraclass correlation coefficients in the excellent range for all four reliability substudies. Taken together, the results of this study suggest that both the borderline diagnosis and the symptoms of BPD can be diagnosed reliably when using the DIB-R. They also suggest that excellent reliability, once achieved, can be maintained over time for both the syndromal and subsyndromal phenomenology of BPD.
A collocation scheme for the identification of coefficients in nonlinear parabolic equations

The identifiability of functions describing nonlinear radiation and source terms in the one-dimensional heat equation is considered. It is shown that a monotone sequence of temperature measurements on one boundary is sufficient to determine a unique piecewise linear function which yields the desired temperature response. As a consequence, it is shown that the temperature can be controlled by this piecewise linear function. Numerical results are presented. >
Effects of Castration on Growth and Development of Turkey Males

Abstract SEVERAL studies have been conducted in the past on the effects of bilateral castration on the turkey male. These include investigations of the effects on both secondary sexual characteristics (for review see van Oordt, 1936) and on such economically important traits as growth rate, body size, conformation and fat finish (Goodearl and Moore, 1941). Since the literature indicates some confusion in respect to the effects of gonadectomy on the turkey, it appeared desirable to study the problem further. Although Goodearl and Moore (1941) reported that they could not separate their controls, incompletely castrated, and castrated males by appearance, previous workers had found distinct differences between normal and castrated individuals. One major change in appearance was a reduction in caruncle and snood development resulting in a more feminine head (van Oordt and van der Maas, 1929; Athias, 1931; and Scott and Payne, 1934). Plumage color in Bronze turkeys and feather shape…