cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Utility of Store-and-Forward Pediatric Telecardiology Evaluation in Distinguishing Normal From Pathologic Pediatric Heart Sounds:

Because pediatric cardiologists can accurately diagnose innocent murmurs by physical exam alone, the authors developed a system for remote cardiac auscultation. They hypothesized that their system could accurately classify auscultatory findings as normal/innocent or pathologic. Patients undergoing evaluation underwent examination, echocardiography, and heart sound recording. Pediatric cardiologists evaluated the heart sounds and classified the case as either normal/innocent or pathologic. They reviewed103 heart sound data sets; 85% of the cases were accurately classified as either normal/innocent or pathologic, with a sensitivity of 82% and specificity of 86%. However, when accounting for clinical diagnosis, reviewer uncertainty, and ECG abnormalities, the sensitivity and specificity improved to 91% and 88% (accuracy 89%), respectively. Degree of certainty with the telecardiology diagnosis correlated with correct interpretation (P < .005). Digital heart sound recordings evaluated via telemedicine can dist...
Small-scale turbidity currents in a big submarine canyon

Field measurements of oceanic turbidity currents, especially diluted currents, are extremely rare. We present a dilute turbidity current recorded by instrumented moorings 14.5 km apart at 1300 and 1860 m water depth. The sediment concentration within the flow was 0.017%, accounting for 18 cm/s gravity current speed due to density excess. Tidal currents of ∼30 cm/s during the event provided a "tailwind" that assisted the down-canyon movement of the turbidity current and its sediment plume. High-resolution velocity measurements suggested that the turbidity current was likely the result of a local canyon wall slumping near the 1300 m mooring. Frequent occurrences, in both space and time, of such weak sediment transport events could be an important mechanism to cascade sediment and other particles, and to help sustain the vibrant ecosystems in deep-sea canyons.
Poster 151: A new prosthetic arm and terminal device for sports, work, and activities of daily living.1

Abstract Objective: To develop a new prosthetic arm and terminal device that is durable enough to withstand high-intensity sports, while being easily adapted for activities requiring a high degree of dexterity. Design: Basic research and development, prototype construction and testing. Setting: Outpatient prosthetic clinics. Participants: 5 unilateral above-elbow amputees. Intervention: Construction of prototype prosthetic components compatible with amputees' current prostheses. Main Outcome Measure: Ability to participate in high-intensity sport; functional comparison to other currently available components. Results: This new prosthesis has several unique features. The elbow incorporates a shock absorber to combat the high impacts associated with sports, such as mountain biking and motocross. Elbow flexion and extension and internal and external rotation are adjustable. The terminal device consists of a flexion wrist, quick connect coupling, and a terminal bracket. The quick connect coupling allows voluntary release in the event of a crash, but the device will not release accidentally. The terminal device has 4 degrees of freedom, permitting a high degree of adjustability. The terminal bracket is easily exchanged and, in stock form, can accept tools, utensils, and other objects that have had a 1.5-in handle molded around them. A large contact area provides a secure grip. Conclusions: This new prosthesis has significant advantages over currently available componentry. To our knowledge, these are the only upper-extremity components durable enough to withstand very high-intensity activities. The flexion wrist and terminal bracket offer twice the degrees of freedom of other terminal devices, while providing a much stronger grip. Tools and other objects are easily modified to be compatible with the terminal device.
Assessing the Kinect technology acceptance/diffusion into healthcare (the case of physical therapy)

Ludic engagement provides opportunity to gain from available gaming innovations to efficiently enhance mobility, reduce cost and error, and improve quality of life, particularly for patients suffering from stroke or other traumas left with reduced mobility and access to physical therapy often needed for long periods of time. Early clinical trials and implementations have provided promising evidences to the feasibility of using sensors, speech, voice recognition and visual interaction functionality of gaming consoles for assessing and improving physical performance of patients. This paper studies the cause and effect interplay of the salient derivers in the acceptance of ludic engagement. It reports on the conducted literature review and by performing ethnographic interviews creates a combined map of users' mental landscape using fuzzy cognitive map (FCM). Then using FCM simulation, the scenario of financial stimulation is identified as the most successful path to the timely adoption of ludic engagement.
Introduction to Part Two

The harmony and conflict in interactions people have with the landscape is a reflection of their changing values, moral rules of conduct, ethical positions, and attitudes toward the land. The primary themes examined in the five essays in this section are ways in which people relate to the landscape, the ethical positions they hold, their obligations in subscribing to these positions, and the ways in which these positions and obligations should guide their response to pervasive ecological concerns.
Correctness Prediction, Accuracy Improvement and Generalization of Stereo Matching Using Supervised Learning

Machine learning has been instrumental in most areas of computer vision, but has not been applied to the problem of stereo matching with similar frequency or success. In this paper, we present a supervised learning approach by defining a set of features that capture various forms of information about each pixel, and then by using them to predict the correctness of stereo matches based on a random forest. We show highly competitive results in predicting the correctness of matches and in confidence estimation, which allows us to rank pixels according to the reliability of their assigned disparities. Moreover, we show how these confidence values can be used to improve the accuracy of disparity maps by integrating them with an MRF-based stereo algorithm. This is an important distinction from current literature that has mainly focused on sparsification by removing potentially erroneous disparities to generate quasi-dense disparity maps. Finally, we demonstrate domain generalization of our method by applying classifiers to datasets different than those they were trained on with minimal loss of accuracy.
Onthophagus gazella: A Non-target Arthropod for the Evaluation of Bovine Feces Containing Methoprene

In the laboratory, methoprene (Zoecon ZR-515) (isopropyl 11-methoxy-3,7,11- trimethyl-2,4-dodecadienoate) pre-mixed in bovine manure at 100, 10, 5, and 1 ppm inhibited hatch of eggs of the dung beetle ( Onthophagus gazella (F.), by 100, 56, 33.3, and 8.7%, respectively. Manure from a steer treated daily with methoprene at a rate of 1 mg/kg body weight inhibited egg hatch up to 32.6%. Surviving larvae, pupae, and adult beetles were normal, and no reduction was apparent in fecundity of surviving adult beetles due to exposure to methoprene while they were in developmental stages.
House Careerists: Changing Patterns of Longevity and Attrition

During the last 60 years, the proportion of careerists (congressmen elected ten or more times) has risen from 2.8 per cent to 20.0 per cent. The greatest increase occurred in the mid-1950s. The proportion of Southern Democrats numbered among the careerists has consistently been disproportionately large, with the number of Northern Democrats increasing, while Republican careerists have become relatively fewer. Fluctuations in the number of senior congressmen is not strongly influenced by national electoral patterns.The most frequent cause of careerists' leaving the House has been retirement. During the last decade the incidence of defeats in primaries and general elections has increased; the greater susceptibility of careerists to rejection by the electorate coincides with reapportionment and the involvement of new groups in the electorate interested in new issues.
Direct measurements of quasi-zero grain boundary energies in ceramics

Nanocrystalline bulk materials (also called nanograined materials) are intrinsically unstable due to the excess grain boundary (GB) free energies. Dopants designed to segregate to boundaries have been proposed to lower excess GB energies, increasing stability against coarsening and enabling nanostructure features to survive high temperature processing and operational environments. It has been theoretically proposed that the GB energy of a material can eventually become zero as a function of dopant concentration, signifying negligible driving force for growth—an infinitely stable nanomaterial. In this work we use ultrasensitive microcalorimetry to experimentally measure the absolute GB energy of gadolinium-doped nanocrystalline zirconia as a function of grain size and show that the energy can indeed reach a quasi-zero energy state (∼0.05 J/m2) when a critical GB dopant enrichment is achieved. This thermodynamic condition leads to unprecedented coarsening resistance, but is a temperature dependent function; since increasing temperatures deplete the GB as the dopant dissolves back in the crystalline bulk.
Clinical Indications and Surgeons’ Expectations

The primary goal of all frozen section analysis is to help determine the best treatment during the operative procedure. In order to accomplish this goal, it is vital to have an understanding of the surgeons’ expectations and his/her likely response to a stated diagnosis. This perspective may help determine what the more conservative response would be in a given situation. We may want to favor the diagnosis that would stop a major resection or defer to permanents, rather than making a diagnosis that would prompt the resection in a diagnostically difficult case. Depending on the question and site of the biopsy (pancreatic lesion or metastatic site), a “malignant” diagnosis may either prompt resection or stop the procedure.
Pathogenic mechanism of Alzheimer?s disease

O current understanding of the pathogenic mechanism of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is based mainly on rare variants with large effect size, however the identification of such variants remains elusive. To identify novel genes and variants with large effect size, we performed exome-sequencing in 14 families with late-onset AD, identifying and following-up all the variants that showed perfect segregation. A rare variant in PLD3 (rs145999145; V232M) segregated with disease status in two independent families, and showed large effect size for AD risk (OR=3.48; p=8.9×10-8). This variant was present in 0.8% of the sequenced samples in the EVS and 0.43% of healthy elderly population (4/922). We have also followed up all the genes that segregated with disease status in 400 AD cases and 1080 controls. A total of 60 genes (DFNB31, NFATC1, LRP4, CACNA1G, CALCR, ZNF30, DMRT2, KIF1A, ZNF341, LRP4, PRKD2) were selected. As replication, the most interesting genes were resequenced in additional 800 cases and 400 controls. In order to analyze the association of the selected genes in disease risk we performed gene-based test stratifying by minor allele frequency (MAF), and by analyzing variants that were unique to cases or controls. One gene showed a significant gene-based association (variants MAF<1%) with AD risk after multiple testing (OR=1.97, p=2.51x10-4). The analyses indicated that additional genes harboring low-frequencies risk variants exist, and that, family-based studies could help identify such genes and variants. We are currently performing additional sequencing and functional analyses to validate our findings.
More than meets the eye - A portable measurement unit for characterizing light energy availability

Characterizations of environmental energy availability and properties provide important insights for designing energy harvesting nodes and developing energy harvesting adaptive systems and algorithms. Previous characterizations of light energy availability provided baseline estimates of the total available energy that could be harvested by a crystalline silicon solar cell. However, these measurements did not consider the spectral composition of the incident light. In this paper, we present a method and a proof-of-concept implementation for obtaining information about the spectral composition of the incident light. LightBox, a portable measurement unit, determines the light source, measures the incident irradiance, and calculates the amount of energy that would be harvested by two different harvesters: a crystalline silicon solar cell and an amorphous silicon solar cell. To the best of our knowledge, LightBox is the first portable irradiance measurement device that considers the spectral composition of the incident light. Our method and proof-of-concept implementation are an important step toward better characterizing environmental light energy availability for energy harvesting nodes deployed in a wide range of environments. The insights from this data will enable the development and wide deployment of energy-aware algorithms and systems.
Theory of cyclotron resonance lineshape for an electron-impurity system in two dimensions

Abstract Using the proper connected diagram expansion which incorporates the quasi-particle effect in a natural manner, we calculated the cyclotron resonance width Γ and frequency shift Δ in the extreme quantum limit, (a) Δ = 0 for any form of interaction potential, (b) Γ ∝ n I 1 2 B 1 2 for a short range interaction, and (c) Γ = π 1 2 ze 2 k −1 n −1 n I 1 2 for the unscreened Coulomb interaction, are obtained in the weak coupling approximation. The result (a) and the field ( B )- and concentration ( n I )-dependence in case (b) are in satisfactory agreement with experimental data on the Si space-charge layers at the surface carrier densities higher than 1 × 10 12 cm -2 and at liquid helium temperatures, where the main source of relaxation is thought to arise from a short-range interaction.
Is a driver's license age waiver worth a teen's life?

Motor vehicle crashes are the leading cause of death for teens 14–19 years of age, with younger teen drivers at higher risk than older teens. Graduated driver licensing has been proven to reduce teen driver-related motor vehicle crashes and fatalities. Arkansas allows parents to request age waivers, which allow a teen to obtain a license for independent driving before the sixteenth birthday. The objectives of this study were to: (1) determine the prevalence of age waivers issued in Arkansas and (2) determine motor vehicle crash risks associated with 14 and 15 year old drivers. This is a brief report on an informative query exploring risk factors related to age waivers. Publicly available databases were utilized for across state comparisons. The Web-based Injury Statistics Query and Reporting Systems (WISQARS) was utilized to calculate motor vehicle crash crude death rates. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration data were utilized to identify seat belt use rates. The Fatal Analysis Reporting System (FARS) was utilized to identify crash fatality risks for 14 and 15 year old drivers in Arkansas (N = 24). Age waiver data were obtained from the Arkansas Driver Control Administration. De-identified data on fatal crashes and rates of age waiver issuance in Arkansas for 14 and 15 year olds from 2004 through 2016 were calculated. We reviewed crash data for 14 and 15 year old drivers in Arkansas between 2004 and 2014 to determine fatality risks. Thirty-one out of seventy-five counties in Arkansas were above the state age waiver issuance rate of 30.4 per 1000 14 to 15 year old teens. Among the four states that had similar age waivers for 14 to 15 year olds, Arkansas had the highest motor vehicle death rate of 10.2 per 100,000 young teens and the lowest seat belt use rate at 73%. Arkansas had the highest reported teen crash fatality rates among 4 states with age waivers. The volume of age waivers issued in Arkansas is concerning. Further research is needed to understand parental motivation when asking for age waivers and their level of awareness of the risks involved.
Simulation of wireless networks

Simulation of wireless networks is important at all stages of their life including the design, operational, and testing stages. Simulation is used to predict the performance of a wireless network's architecture, protocol, device, topology, etc. It is a cost-effective and flexible technique to performance evaluation of wireless systems. This chapter aims at reviewing the main aspects of wireless systems including wireless node object model, radio propagation, physical and media access control layers, and wireless network architectures. Then we review the simulation tools and packages that are optimized for this task. Case studies on simulation of wireless network systems are presented in order to demonstrate the main concepts.
Calcium Compartmentation in Mammalian Myocardium

Since I have written recently published (Langer et al., 1982) or soon to be published (Langer, 1984) reviews on various aspects of calcium (Ca) compartmentation this report will serve as a brief summary of my present concepts of compartmentation with a focus on recent work from the Cardiovascular Research Laboratory at UCLA. These studies support the concept that Ca is distributed on and within the cell very differently dependent upon conditions of perfusion and functional demands.
Agricultural Research and Policy to Achieve Nutrition Goals

The triple burden of malnutrition is causing very serious human misery to many millions of individuals and the economic and health costs to societies are high. Agricultural research and policy can be an important part of the solution but it can also be part of the problem. The key is to design policies and research priorities to fit the particular circumstances rather than seeking policies that fit all. Incorporating nutrition goals into the decision-making process can make these policies more effective in solving the nutrition problems but the impact will be limited by other barriers to good nutrition such as contaminated water, poor health and sanitation, vested economic interests, and consumer behavior that may not prioritize good nutrition. With 5–10 million preschool children dying of hunger and malnutrition every year, with 800 million people suffering from hunger, with every third pre-school child in developing countries being either stunted or underweight or both, with almost one-third of the world population suffering from micronutrient deficiencies, and with the prevalence of overweight and obesity expanding at epidemic rates, already reaching about a billion people, it is time to act. Agriculture should do its part.
Using detection received level as a guide for odontocete density estimation

Odontocete echolocation clicks have been used for density estimation using cue-counting. We present an approach for assessment of the appropriate threshold for click detection based on the click received sound-pressure-level distribution. Under the assumption of random spatial distribution of echolocating animals with respect to the sensor, the number of detections should decrease with increasing received level. This pattern is verified by simulation modeling, even after incorporating diving behavior and sound production directionality. When measured received level distributions show peaks at values above the detection threshold, errors in the detection process are the most likely explanation. Potential remedies involve setting a higher detection threshold and/or fully characterizing both missed and false positive rates.Odontocete echolocation clicks have been used for density estimation using cue-counting. We present an approach for assessment of the appropriate threshold for click detection based on the click received sound-pressure-level distribution. Under the assumption of random spatial distribution of echolocating animals with respect to the sensor, the number of detections should decrease with increasing received level. This pattern is verified by simulation modeling, even after incorporating diving behavior and sound production directionality. When measured received level distributions show peaks at values above the detection threshold, errors in the detection process are the most likely explanation. Potential remedies involve setting a higher detection threshold and/or fully characterizing both missed and false positive rates.
The Effectiveness of A Problem-Solving Court for Individuals Charged with Misdemeanor Prostitution in Harris County Texas

This exploratory study examines the effectiveness of SAFE Court, a prostitution problem-solving court located in Harris County, Texas (Houston). During a two-year period, 344 participants were scre...
Multi-point Monin–Obukhov similarity in the convective atmospheric surface layer using matched asymptotic expansions

The multi-point Monin–Obukhov similarity (MMO) was recently proposed (Tong & Nguyen, J. Atmos. Sci., vol. 72, 2015, pp. 4337–4348) to address the issue of incomplete similarity in the framework of the original Monin–Obukhov similarity theory (MOST). MMO hypothesizes the following: (1) The surface-layer turbulence, defined to consist of eddies that are entirely inside the surface layer, has complete similarity, which however can only be represented by multi-point statistics, requiring a horizontal characteristic length scale (absent in MOST). (2) The Obukhov length is also the characteristic horizontal length scale; therefore, all surface-layer multi-point statistics, non-dimensionalized using the surface-layer parameters, depend only on the height and separations between the points, non-dimensionalized using . However, similar to MOST, MMO was also proposed as a hypothesis based on phenomenology. In this work we derive MMO analytically for the case of the horizontal Fourier transforms of the velocity and potential temperature fluctuations, which are equivalent to the two-point horizontal differences of these variables, using the spectral forms of the Navier–Stokes and the potential temperature equations. We show that, for the large-scale motions (wavenumber ) in a convective surface layer, the solution is uniformly valid with respect to (i.e. as decreases from to ), where is the height from the surface. However, for the solution is not uniformly valid with respective to as it increases from to , resulting in a singular perturbation problem, which we analyse using the method of matched asymptotic expansions. We show that (1) is the characteristic horizontal length scale, and (2) the Fourier transforms satisfy MMO with the non-dimensional wavenumber as the independent similarity variable. Two scaling ranges, the convective range and the dynamic range, discovered for in Tong & Nguyen (2015) are obtained. We derive the leading-order spectral scaling exponents for the two scaling ranges and the corrections to the scaling ranges for finite ratios of the length scales. The analysis also reveals the dominant dynamics in each scaling range. The analytical derivations of the characteristic horizontal length scale ( ) and the validity of MMO for the case of two-point horizontal separations provide strong support to MMO for general multi-point velocity and temperature differences.
Coupled ripple oscillations between the medial temporal lobe and neocortex retrieve human memory

Episodic memory retrieval relies on the recovery of neural representations of waking experience. This process is thought to involve a communication dynamic between the medial temporal lobe memory system and the neocortex. How this occurs is largely unknown, however, especially as it pertains to awake human memory retrieval. Using intracranial electroencephalographic recordings, we found that ripple oscillations were dynamically coupled between the human medial temporal lobe (MTL) and temporal association cortex. Coupled ripples were more pronounced during successful verbal memory retrieval and recover the cortical neural representations of remembered items. Together, these data provide direct evidence that coupled ripples between the MTL and association cortex may underlie successful memory retrieval in the human brain.
Acute and chronic remote ischemic conditioning attenuate septic cardiomyopathy, improve cardiac output, protect systemic organs, and improve mortality in a lipopolysaccharide-induced sepsis model.

Remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) is acutely cardioprotective in ischemia–reperfusion injury. We aimed to evaluate the effect of RIC on septic cardiomyopathy and associated multi-organ failure in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced sepsis mouse model. Balb/c mice were divided into sham, LPS, and LPS + RIC groups. LPS 10 mg/kg or saline control was injected intraperitoneally. RIC was performed by four cycles of 5 min ischemia and 5 min reperfusion of the left lower limb just before the LPS injection. Cardiac function on echocardiography, circulating mediators, blood biochemistry, and MAPK signalling was assessed. Survival 7 days after LPS injection was evaluated in sham-treated, RIC, and daily repeated RIC groups. An LPS-induced decrease in cardiac output was ameliorated by RIC with preserved left ventricular systolic function. LPS-induced increases in TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and high-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) were significantly suppressed by RIC. RIC also suppressed increases in plasma cardiac troponin I, aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine with suppressed ERK and JNK phosphorylation in heart, liver, and kidney tissue. RIC significantly improved survival rate (p = 0.0037). Survival rate in the daily repeated RIC group was 100%, and it was higher than that in the RIC group (p = 0.0088). In summary, RIC reduced circulating and myocardial inflammatory mediators associated with septic cardiomyopathy, and led to improved ventricular function, cardiac output, and survival. Our data also revealed that chronic RIC has additional benefit in terms of mortality in sepsis. While further studies are required, RIC may be a clinically useful tool to ameliorate sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy.
Hydrogen sulfide inhibits Ca2+-induced mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening in type-1 diabetes

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) attenuates N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor-R1 (NMDA-R1) and mitigates diabetic renal damage; however, the molecular mechanism is not well known. Whereas NMDA-R1 facilitates Ca2...
Accurate and Efficient ab Initio Calculations for Supramolecular Complexes: Symmetry-Adapted Perturbation Theory with Many-Body Dispersion

Symmetry-adapted perturbation theory (SAPT) provides a chemically meaningful energy decomposition scheme for nonbonded interactions that is useful for interpretive purposes. Although formally a dimer theory, we have previously introduced an "extended" version (XSAPT) that incorporates many-body polarization via self-consistent charge embedding. Here, we extend the XSAPT methodology to include nonadditive dispersion, using a modified form of the many-body dispersion (MBD) method of Tkatchenko and co-workers. Dispersion interactions beyond the pairwise atom-atom approximation improve total interaction energies even in small systems, and for large π-stacked complexes these corrections can amount to several kilocalories per mole. The XSAPT+MBD method introduced here achieves errors of ≲1 kcal/mol (as compared to high-level ab initio benchmarks) for the L7 data set of large dispersion-bound complexes and ≲4 kcal/mol (as compared to experiment) for the S30L data set of host-guest complexes. This is superior to the best contemporary density functional methods for noncovalent interactions, at comparable or lower cost. XSAPT+MBD represents a promising method for application to supramolecular assemblies, including protein-ligand binding.
The Evolution of the Online Platform Economy: Evidence from Five Years of Banking Data

Measuring the gig economy has been challenging. Drawing on anonymized administrative banking data, we measure supply-side participation in the online platform economy between 2013 and 2018. We find 2.3 million account holders who received payments from 128 transportation, non-transport work, selling, and leasing platforms. Participation grew rapidly, particularly in the transportation sector. Average monthly revenues declined among drivers and increased among lessors even within metro areas. At least a third—and likely more—of the decline in transportation revenues is driven by decreases in hours worked. These findings raise important policy questions and motivate promising directions for future work.
Intervenção: Geografia Física Crítica

A recent opinion piece rekindled debate as to whether geography’s current interdisciplinary make-up is a historic relic or an actual and potential source of intellectual vitality. Taking the latter position, we argue here for the benefits of sustained integration of physical and critical human geography. For reasons both political and pragmatic, we term this area of intermingled research and practice critical physical geography (CPG). CPG combines critical attention to power relations with deep knowledge of biophysical science or technology in the service of social and environmental transformation. We argue that whether practiced by individuals or teams, CPG research can improve the intellectual quality and expand the political relevance of both physical and critical human geography because it is increasingly impractical to separate analysis of natural and social systems: socio-biophysical landscapes are much the product of unequal power relations, histories of colonialism, and racial and gender disparities as they are of hydrology, ecology, and climate change. Here, we review existing CPG work; discuss the primary benefits of critically engaged integrative research, teaching, and practice; and offer our collective thoughts on how to make CPG work.
An integration-free iPSC line (SDQLCHi012-A) derived from a patient with inflammatory bowel disease- 28 carrying compound heterozygote mutations in IL10RA gene.

Abstract Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) line (SDQLCHi012-A) was generated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of an 11-month-old male who was diagnosed as inflammatory bowel disease-28 caused by compound heterozygote for IL10RA mutations (c.188 + 1G > A and c.301C > T). Non-integrating episomal vectors coding OCT4, SOX2, KLF4, BCL-XL and MYC were used for reprogramming. The established iPSC line contained the same mutations identified in the patient, showed a normal karyotype, differentiation potential in vitro and expressed pluripotency markers.
Quaternary Glaciation of the Himalaya and Adjacent Mountains

The Himalaya and adjacent mountains are the most glaciated regions outside the polar realms. Abundant field studies, aided by remote sensing, and newly developing geochronological methods are aiding in reconstructing the timing and extent of Quaternary glaciation throughout the region. Abundant well-preserved glacial geologic evidence throughout the region shows that at least nine major regionally synchronous glacier advances occurred in the region over the past ~400 ka. The maximum extent of glaciation has been broadly defined and is characterized by extensive valley glaciers and expanded ice caps. The timing of maximum glacier extent is asynchronous throughout the region, with some areas experiencing maximum glaciation prior to the last glacial cycle (>100 ka), while in other regions it was during the early part of the last glacial (~30–70 ka), and in some regions, was possibly coincident with the global last glacial maximum (LGM) at ~18–24 ka. Glacier advances have been limited to a few kilometers beyond their present position in most regions since the LGM. The maximum glacier advance occurring during the Holocene at ~9–8 ka. The higher resolution of the Holocene glacial geologic record allows ~5 regional glacier advances to be resolved. All advances were somewhat restricted in extent. Glaciers have retreated in most areas during the last 100 years. However, in the Karakoram there has been little retreat and many glaciers have surged. Himalayan glaciation is forced by multiple drivers, and the timing and extent of glaciation is governed by a complex combination of different factors specific to each locality, including climate and microclimate regimes, topographic controls, and geomorphic and tectonic settings. Study of the Quaternary glacial history suggests that nature of future glacier fluctuations in response to human-induced climate change will be very complex and variable throughout the Himalaya and adjacent mountas.
Does War Change Geopolitical Attitudes? A Comparative Analysis of 2014 Surveys in Southeast Ukraine

In 2014, Ukraine descended into war. The geographically delimited nature of the war in Ukraine, confined to two eastern oblasts, raises the questions of whether war changes geopolitical attitudes i...
Weight Gain Over 6 Years in Young Adults: The Study of Novel Approaches to Weight Gain Prevention Randomized Trial.

OBJECTIVE The study objective was to determine whether two self-regulation interventions that reduced 3-year weight gain in young adults remain effective at 6 years. METHODS A randomized trial was conducted in two academic settings in 599 young adults, aged 18 to 35 years, with normal weight or overweight; 504 (84%) reconsented for a 6-year extension (Study of Novel Approaches to Weight Gain Prevention-Extended [SNAP-E]) with ongoing intervention and assessments. Weight gain over 6 years was compared for all assigned to Control, Large Changes (LC; lose 5-10 pounds initially), and Small Changes (SC; make small daily changes in intake and activity). RESULTS Weight change from baseline to 6 years did not differ significantly among the three groups (Control = 3.9 kg, SC = 4.1 kg, and LC = 2.8 kg). However, there was a significant age-by-treatment interaction (P = 0.002). Among those < 25 years old, weight gain from baseline to 6 years averaged 7.3 kg in the Control group and was reduced by almost 50% in LC and SC. LC also significantly reduced mean weight gain (area under the curve) over 6 years compared with Control or SC. CONCLUSIONS Although the interventions did not reduce weight gain at 6 years for the full cohort, they were effective in those < 25 years old. Future efforts should focus on young adults aged 18 to 24.9 and test more intensive interventions with more diverse participants.
6th International Conference on Motion and Computing

The following is a review of the 6th International Conference on Motion and Computing at Arizona State University, October 10–12, 2019. The theme of the interdisciplinary conference was Movement Imaginaries and included papers, panels, presentations, performances, demos, and workshops from both scholars and artists from a wide range of disciplines. This review focuses on the panel “Generative tension in cross-disciplinary collaboration”, from John MacCallum, Teoma Naccarato and Jessica Rajko considering the question: “what aspects of your practice/research are invisible to your collaborators?”
Wound Dressing Allergic Contact Dermatitis: Epidemiology and Management

Chronic wound care represents a growing healthcare cost and is responsible for considerable morbidity. Contact dermatitis, classified as irritant contact dermatitis (ICD) or allergic contact dermatitis (ACD), represents an area for potential improvement among healthcare practitioners and wound care product manufacturers to optimize healing time and healthcare outcomes in chronic wound patients. ACD and ICD in the setting of wound care require special management by healthcare practitioners, while manufacturers should strive to remove all common allergens from wound care products.
Direct Synthesis of Amides from Amines and Carboxylic Acids under Hydrothermal Conditions

Hydrothermal systems provide a unique habitat for the subsurface biosphere, and possibly, for the origin of life. Amides are fundamental to hydrothermal organic geochemistry and deep subsurface bio...
1.14 – Self-Assembly

Self-assembly, a process typically based on interfacial energy minimization, enables rapid fabrication and packaging of microdevices. Microcomponents pose significant challenges for traditional handling techniques such as robotic pick and place because adhesion forces (electrostatic, capillary, and van der Waals interactions) dominate over gravitational forces in microdomains. This chapter reviews virtually all the published self-assembly methods that deal with sticky microcomponents. These self-assembly methods can be classified into four major categories: electrostatic-, magnetic-, inertial-, and capillary force-driven self-assembly. Electrostatic attraction can assemble neutrally charged and electrically polarizable microcomponents on an array of charged sites or holes with fringing electric fields; electrostatic repulsion, due to the similar charges on microcomponents and a carrier substrate, can construct 3D microstructures. Magnetic forces, short-range interactions, can attach microcomponents to magnetized sites on a substrate and can build 3D microstructures by varying the driving magnetic fields and by employing locking features. Inertial forces successfully applied to self-assembly are gravitational and centrifugal forces: gravitational forces anchor microcomponents to recessed sites on a horizontal substrate and centrifugal forces flip the hinged microplates to form 3D structures. Capillary forces from droplets on a substrate attract and anchor microcomponents in flat or 3D tilted poses. Employing two or more different self-assembly mechanisms in sequence can achieve an assembly of microcomponents to satisfy more stringent requirements such as unique face and in-plane orientations of microcomponents. At the end of this chapter, a physical model for developing a theoretical understanding of the self-assembly processes as well as for designing tools to optimize the processes and to establish the theoretical and practical bounds on their performance is given.
Study of medical workers'hand hygiene

Hand hygiene is the one of most effective simple way to prevent and control the nosocomial infection,which includes washing hand and hand disinfection.Through the research on effect evaluation of hand hygiene,it had been found that the reason of low hand hygiene obedience was associated with insufficient cognition,shortage of knowledge and profession.To enhance the hand hygiene obedience is still a research heat spot at present. Key words: Medical workers; Hand; Hygiene
Thanksgiving in Alabama: Deer Hunting Among Paradoxes in the Black Prairie

Alabama is steeped in land-use traditions that value big deer and fast-growing pines. As we join our Alabama friends on their land, we encounter these traditions from our own values as a budding ecologist and veterinarian. The ecologist grapples with managing a landscape primarily for economic gain instead of biodiversity and ecosystem health. The once-vegetarian veterinarian struggles with the ethics of eating animals by finding hunting to be more intimate and humane than other meat options. Through two decades of hunting and butchering deer in this managed, yet wild landscape, a new—more nuanced—ethic of land and animal management emerges for us. Now, on our own farm, we work to balance harvest and conservation in our approach to eating meat and tending woods and fields.
Stealing thunder as a crisis communication strategy in the digital age

Abstract The proliferation of social media and information communication technologies (ICTs) has transformed the crisis communication landscape. We are increasingly seeing new crisis development patterns and stakeholder communication processes that overwhelm traditional crisis communication protocols. Crisis communication theories and best practices, however, remain largely reactive and may not provide practical implications for effective communication strategies in the digital age. Crisis communication must advance to proactive strategies with stakeholder-focused communication. This article provides research-based evidence with real-world examples to illustrate why stealing thunder must be considered a strategic crisis communication option in the digital age. Managers must understand how social media and ICTs influence the current crisis communication ecosystem and how stealing thunder can help them navigate crises.
Facilitating Team Cohesion and Collaboration

This chapter examines relevant research and scholarship on team cohesion and collaboration, describing how mindfulness and contemplative arts practices can help teams to coalesce and work together meaningfully toward creative and organizational goals. It then offers a series of exercises and activities that facilitators can use to support team cohesion and collaboration in the context of learning and development trainings, workshops, and organizational retreats.
Perceived Restorativeness and Meditation Depth for Virtual Reality Supported Mindfulness Interventions

Novice meditators often find it difficult to tune out external distractions which hinders their ability to engage in mindfulness practice. The problem is further exacerbated by stress and directed attention fatigue. Researchers and tech companies are experimenting with nature-inspired themes to improve the meditation session quality. In this paper, we discuss our pilot experiment, using nature inspired virtual reality themes to create an idealized space for meditation. Our results indicate that the participants found the space restorative and that the perceived restorativeness was positively correlated with the perception of the depth or quality of the meditation session. We also found that a majority of participants experienced a reduction in baseline tonic electrodermal activity as well as frequency of skin conductance responses; however, neither electrodermal measure of arousal was significantly correlated with any of the self-report measures.
The Quick Physical Activity Rating (QPAR) scale: A brief assessment of physical activity in older adults with and without cognitive impairment.

Introduction Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) currently affect over 5.7 million Americans and over 35 million people worldwide. At the same time, over 31 million older adults are physically inactive with impaired physical performance interfering with activities of daily living. Low physical activity is a risk factor for ADRD. We examined the utility of a new measure, the Quick Physical Activities Rating (QPAR) as an informant-rated instrument to quantify the dosage of physical activities in healthy controls, MCI and ADRD compared with Gold Standard assessments of objective measures of physical performance, fitness, and functionality. Methods This study analyzed 390 consecutive patient-caregiver dyads who underwent a comprehensive evaluation including the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR), mood, neuropsychological testing, caregiver ratings of patient behavior and function, and a comprehensive physical performance and gait assessment. The QPAR was completed prior to the office visit and was not considered in the clinical evaluation, physical performance assessment, staging or diagnosis of the patient. Psychometric properties including item variability and distribution, floor and ceiling effects, strength of association, known-groups performance, and internal consistency were determined. Results The patients had a mean age of 75.3±9.2 years, 15.7±2.8 years of education and were 46.9% female. The patients had a mean CDR-SB of 4.8±4.7 and a mean MoCA score of 18.6±7.1 and covered a range of healthy controls (CDR 0 = 54), MCI or very mild dementia (CDR 0.5 = 161), mild dementia (CDR 1 = 92), moderate dementia (CDR 2 = 64), and severe dementia (CDR 3 = 29). The mean QPAR score was 20.2±18.9 (range 0-132) covering a wide range of physical activity. The QPAR internal consistency (Cronbach alpha) was very good at 0.747. The QPAR was correlated with measures of physical performance (dexterity, grip strength, gait, mobility), physical functionality rating scales, measures of activities of daily living and comorbidities, the UPDRS, and frailty ratings (all p Discussion The QPAR is a brief detection tool that captures informant reports of physical activities and differentiates individuals with normal physical functionality from those individuals with impaired physical functionality. The QPAR correlated with Gold Standard assessments of strength and sarcopenia, activities of daily living, gait and mobility, fitness, health related quality of life, frailty, global physical performance, and provided good discrimination between states of physical functionality, falls risk, and frailty. The QPAR performed well in comparison to standardized scales of objective physical performance, but in a brief fashion that could facilitate its use in clinical care and research.
Effects of Single-Dose Versus Hypofractionated Focused Radiation on Vertebral Body Structure and Biomechanical Integrity: Development of a Rabbit Radiation-Induced Vertebral Compression Fracture Model.

Purpose Vertebral compression fracture is a common complication of spinal stereotactic body radiation therapy. Development of an in vivo model is crucial to fully understand how focal radiation treatment affects vertebral integrity and biology at various dose fractionation regimens. We present a clinically relevant animal model to analyze the effects of localized, high-dose radiation on vertebral microstructure and mechanical integrity. Using this model, we test the hypothesis that fractionation of radiation dosing can reduce focused radiation therapy's harmful effects on the spine. Methods and Materials The L5 vertebra of New Zealand white rabbits was treated with either a 24-Gy single dose of focused radiation or 3 fractionated 8-Gy doses over 3 consecutive days via the Small Animal Radiation Research Platform. Nonirradiated rabbits were used as controls. Rabbits were euthanized 6 months after irradiation, and their lumbar vertebrae were harvested for radiologic, histologic, and biomechanical testing. Results Localized single-dose radiation led to decreased vertebral bone volume and trabecular number and a subsequent increase in trabecular spacing and thickness at L5. Hypofractionation of the radiation dose similarly led to reduced trabecular number and increased trabecular spacing and thickness, yet it preserved normalized bone volume. Single-dose irradiated vertebrae displayed lower fracture loads and stiffness compared with those receiving hypofractionated irradiation and with controls. The hypofractionated and control groups exhibited similar fracture load and stiffness. For all vertebral samples, bone volume, trabecular number, and trabecular spacing were correlated with fracture loads and Young's modulus (P Conclusions Single-dose focal irradiation showed greater detrimental effects than hypofractionation on the microarchitectural, cellular, and biomechanical characteristics of irradiated vertebral bodies. Correlation between radiologic measurements and biomechanical properties supported the reliability of this animal model of radiation-induced vertebral compression fracture, a finding that can be applied to future studies of preventative measures.