cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Coherent control of population transfer in Rydberg atoms via chirped microwave pulses.

We present a comprehensive and ab initio nonperturbative investigation of the coherent population transfer among the 3D high-lying Rydberg hydrogen and alkali atomic states via linearly polarized chirped microwave pulses. The time-dependent Schrodinger equation for the dynamical evolution of Rydberg atoms is accurately and efficiently solved by means of the time-dependent generalized pseudospectral method. For atomic H, the population transfer from n ) 35 to 30 with nearly 100% efficiency is achieved by means of the sequential two-photon ¢n )- 1 transitions. The calculation fully utilizes all of the available orbital angular momentum l states for a given n, and the interference pattern and population evolution dynamics of individual l states are analyzed in detail. It is shown that the coherent control of the population transfer from the high n to the low n states can be accomplished by the optimization of the chirping parameters and microwave field strength. Similar analysis is performed for the Na atom, where the alkali atomic structure is described by an accurate model potential. We found that while the global population transfer pattern is qualitatively similar, there are significant differences in the dynamical response of atomic H and Na to the chirped microwave fields. Due to the degeneracy of the l states (for a given n) in unperturbed atomic H, the population transfer involves significant coupling and interference among a number of low-lying l states. For the case of Na atoms, however, the population transfer from the n to (n - 1) state is dominated by a single channel, namely, from the jn,l ) 0〉 to the jn - 1,l ) 0〉 state.
Knowledge spillovers in cities: An auction approach

This paper proposes a micro-foundation for knowledge spillovers. I model a city in which free knowledge transfers are bids by experts to entrepreneurs who auction jobs. These knowledge bids resemble a consultant's pitch to a potential client. Two fundamental properties of knowledge underlie the model: First, it is often necessary to reveal some knowledge to demonstrate its value. Second, knowledge is freely reproducible. Larger cities generate more meetings between experts and entrepreneurs, resulting in more learning and better matches. Larger cities also foster competition for jobs, which motivates experts to raise their knowledge bids. These results demonstrate how competitive behavior can be a source of agglomeration economies, and contribute to explain the higher productivity of urban workers.
Laterally Repositioned “Stimulated” Osteoperiosteal Pedicle Grafts in the Treatment of Denuded Roots: A Preliminary Report

In order for successful coverage of denuded roots to be accomplished, correctly applied fundamental biological principles must be considered in the choice and utilization of the surgical modality. In this report some representative clinical cases are presented to indicate favorable results that may be achieved with stimulated osteoperiosteal pedicle flaps. These cases are part of an ongoing clinical and statistical evaluation.
Intravenous immune globulin use in newborns

Newborn infants, and especially premature ones, are uniquely susceptible to severe and overwhelming bacterial infections. The reasons for this are not completely understood. A number of defects in the neonate's host defense system have been described, including deficiency of opsonic antibodies, abnormalities in the number and function of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and depressed levels of the major complement components. Experimental animal studies in our laboratory have indicated that many of these defects can be overcome through the administration of intravenous immune globulin. Recently several investigators have attempted to treat or prevent bacterial infections in human neonates with intravenous immune globulin. We have found that doses as high as 750 mg/kg can be administered to premature infants without detectable side effects. This results in IgG levels comparable with those in term infants and adults. Limited studies in the literature suggest that intravenous immune globulin therapy may decrease morbidity and mortality from infection in premature human infants. Furthermore, prophylactic treatment of preterm infants may serve to prevent the development of infection in some instances. Optimal management of preterm and some term human infants may involve immunotherapy with intravenous immune globulin.
Conservation of photoperiod-responsive mechanisms in humans

In animals, circadian pacemakers respond to seasonal changes in day length by making corresponding adjustments in the durations of diurnal and nocturnal periods of circadian rhythms; these adjustme...
Diagnostic Verification of the Climate Prediction Center Long-Lead Outlooks, 1995-98

Abstract The performance of the Climate Prediction Center’s long-lead forecasts for the period 1995–98 is assessed through a diagnostic verification, which involves examination of the full joint frequency distributions of the forecasts and the corresponding observations. The most striking results of the verifications are the strong cool and dry biases of the outlooks. These seem clearly related to the 1995–98 period being warmer and wetter than the 1961–90 climatological base period. This bias results in the ranked probability score indicating very low skill for both temperature and precipitation forecasts at all leads. However, the temperature forecasts at all leads, and the precipitation forecasts for leads up to a few months, exhibit very substantial resolution: low (high) forecast probabilities are consistently associated with lower (higher) than average relative frequency of event occurrence, even though these relative frequencies are substantially different (because of the unconditional biases) from...
Systematics of Schinia chrysellus (Grote) complex: Revised status of Schinia alencis (Harvey) with a description of two new species (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Heliothinae)

Based on morphological characters and host plant use, species related to Schinia chrysellus (Grote) are revised. Schinia alencis (Harvey) is considered a valid species, revised status. Schinia chrysel- loides, new species is closely allied with S. chrysellus, and Schinia rufocostulata, new species is related to S. ciliata Smith. Localities of collected adult moths and their asteraceous host plants are compared and illustrated with distribution maps. Adults and male and female genitalia are illustrated for each species.
An Issue in Goal Addition in Continuous Robotic Plan Execution

Robotic plan execution has traditionally assumed that goals are articulated prior to mission execution. As robots have become persistent and increasingly moved into real-world environments, this assumption is not necessarily true; for instance a user can decide to give a new objective to the robot for inclusion in the plan being formulated, add newer goals, or modify others queued for execution. In most systems this leads, at best, to a suboptimal final plan or possibly to the exclusion of objectives, either of which could have been avoided, should the robot have executed its initial plan differently. We first articulate and then demonstrate a preliminary approach to this problem motivated by a marine robotics domain. We do so with an execution policy that is sufficient to disambiguate actions for execution within a flexible temporal continuous plan execution system. The resulting algorithmic complexity is linear in the number of actions and causal links of an existing partial plan.
MULTIPARAMETER QUANTUM FORMS OF THE ENVELOPING ALGEBRA $U_{{\mathfrak g}{\mathfrak l}_N}$ RELATED TO THE FADDEEV-RESHETIKHIN-TAKHTAJAN U(R) CONSTRUCTIONS

Two quantum enveloping algebras UR and UR are associated in [RTF] to any Yang-Baxter operator R. These are constructed as subalgebras of A(R)* with specific generating sets. Also, [RTF] construct specific relations on the generators for UR, leaving open the question whether these generate all relations on these generators—let us say R is “perfect” when this is the case. Given an -tuple of nonzero elements qij,r in the groundfield, ([AST], [R], [S]) construct a multiparameter deformation of GLN associated with a Yang-Baxter operator . The method of ‘braiding maps’, introduced in [LT], is applied, in order to derive a PBW basis and a generators-and-relations presentation for a suitable generalization of . These results imply that is perfect, for generic . The construction is in some ways unsatisfactory if r is a root of 1. A construction is proposed, which is in some ways better behaved, coincides with if r is not a root of 1, and also makes sense over arbitrary commutative rings.
Minimal residual disease testing in Acute Leukemia

Acute leukemia (AL) is a complex disease with considerable phenotypic and morphologic heterogeneity. The phenotype is often assessed by multiparameter flow cytometry ideally on aspirated bone marrow. These leukemia associated phenotypes (LAPs) are crucial for disease monitoring. In addition, there are more than 100 recurring cytogenetic abnormalities encountered in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and similarly, multiple acquired genetic abnormalities are responsible for aberrant proliferation and differentiation arrest seen in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). WHO requires a combination of both immunophenotypic and cytogenetic studies to definitively classify AL. Outgrowth of minimal residual disease (MRD) in AL is responsible for the occurrence of relapses. These are cells present in the bone marrow after treatment and these can be monitored by molecular, biologic and or immunophenotypic detection methods. Defining MRD is thought to be crucial in defining patient-tailored post remission therapy which might reduce the risk of relapse or diminish morbidity and mortality in AL. This may also allow detection of impending relapses for early intervention. Immunophenotyping by flow cytometry (FC) is a cost effective and fast tool for detection of MRD. Essentially all cases of AL possess a unique phenotype with multiple aberrancies which tend to remain stable during the course of relapses. By defining these LAPs on malignant cells at diagnosis, flow cytometry can be highly reliable in MRD parameter assessment at different stages AL, consequently predicting survival and forthcoming relapses.
Abstract 3169: Reduced PDGFR-beta Expression After Regional Alk1 Deletion and VEGF Stimulation in the Brain is Associated with Reduced Mural Cell Coverage

Background and Purpose: About 2% of brain arteriovenous malformations (bAVM) are attributable to Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangectasia (HHT). Previously we created a bAVM model in the adult mouse using regional Alk1 (the causal gene in HHT2) deletion and VEGF stimulation, and reported that the dysplastic vessels in this model have less smooth muscle cell coverage than the normal cerebrovasculature. We hypothesized that VEGF stimulation in the setting of Alk1 loss-of-function leads to impaired mural cell coverage through reduction of platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) signaling, and is associated with impaired cerebrovascular integrity. Methods: Brain AVM formation was induced by injection of 2X107 PFU adenoviral vector expressing cre-recombinase (AdCre) and 2X109 genome copies of adeno-associated viral vector (AAV) expressing VEGF (AAV-VEGF) into the basal ganglia of Alk1-floxed mice (loxP sites flanking Exons 4-6). The brain samples were collected 8 weeks after vector injection. Intra-parenchymal hemorrhage, microglial/macrophage counts, Alk1 and PDGFR/PDGFB protein expression were evaluated using Prussian blue staining, Iba1 staining and Western blot. Results: We found a 66±27% reduction in Alk1 protein expression around the injection site of the AdCre and AAV-VEGF-treated group compared with the control vector treated group (p=0.002, ANOVA). Fresh red blood cells (RBCs) were detected in the extravascular space in the Alk1-deficient brain parenchyma (Ad-Cre-treated Alk1-floxed mice), with ≈10-fold increase of Prussian blue coverage area compared to the brain with intact Alk1 gene (Ad-GFP-treated Alk1-floxed mice; p=0.016, rank sum test; or AdCre-treated wild-type mice, p=0.010, rank sum test) after VEGF stimulation. The area of Prussian blue coverage was positively correlated with the number of Iba1+ cells (R2=0.39, p Conclusions: These results indicate an important role for Alk1 in maintaining cerebrovascular integrity as shown by its effect on pericyte function through interaction with PDGFR-beta signaling. Alk1 deletion plus VEGF stimulation reduced vessel wall integrity that was associated with an inflammatory response. Altered pericyte-endothelial cell interaction may play a causal role in the pathogenesis of human bAVM, possibly involving a local inflammatory response associated with RBC extravasation.
Operational Demands of AAC Mobile Technology Applications on Programming Vocabulary and Engagement During Professional and Child Interactions

Typically, the vocabulary in augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) technologies is pre-programmed by manufacturers or by parents and professionals outside of daily interactions. Because vocabulary needs are difficult to predict, young children who use aided AAC often do not have access to vocabulary concepts as the need and interest arises in their daily interactions, limiting their vocabulary acquisition and use. Ideally, parents and professionals would be able to add vocabulary to AAC technologies "just-in-time" as required during daily interactions. This study compared the effects of two AAC applications for mobile technologies: GoTalk Now (which required more programming steps) and EasyVSD (which required fewer programming steps) on the number of visual scene displays (VSDs) and hotspots created in 10-min interactions between eight professionals and preschool-aged children with typical development. The results indicated that, although all of the professionals were able to create VSDs and add vocabulary during interactions with the children, they created more VSDs and hotspots with the app with fewer programming steps than with the one with more steps, and child engagement and programming participation levels were high with both apps, but higher levels for both variables were observed with the app with fewer programming steps than with the one with more steps. These results suggest that apps with fewer programming steps may reduce operational demands and better support professionals to (a) respond to the child's input, (b) use just-in-time programming during interactions,
Communication Smart

This article presents three mantras for being communication smart: making your point in the first five minutes, using the three-diagram paradigm, and resonating with your audience. Being communication smart means you're able to get your audience interested in, and supportive of, what you have to say. To achieve this objective, you must be able to express what you need to express in a minimum amount of time, enunciate it in a way that your audience can easily understand, and, ideally, deliver points that might resonate with your audience.
Chimera States in Populations of Nonlocally Coupled Chemical Oscillators

Chimera states occur spontaneously in populations of coupled photosensitive chemical oscillators. Experiments and simulations are carried out on nonlocally coupled oscillators, with the coupling strength decreasing exponentially with distance. Chimera states with synchronized oscillators, phase waves, and phase clusters coexisting with unsynchronized oscillators are analyzed. Irregular motion of the cores of asynchronous oscillators is found in spiral-wave chimeras.
Current Prospects and Problems for a Malaria Vaccine

in other areas where malaria persists, there is a continuing need for control measures. The presently available methods include physical and chemical control of mosquito breeding, spraying of houses with residual insecticides for killing of fed mosquitoes, and antimalarial treatment of infected patients. Physical and chemical methods of controlling the breeding sites are effective when breeding is in a localized area accessible to control measures. One of the most ingenious approaches was applied in Trinidad, where the vector, Anopheles bellator, bred in water trapped in bromeliads epiphytic on trees. Spraying of the bromeliad with copper sulfate made breeding of mosquitoes impossible and eliminated the mosquito and malaria from the island. The fact that economically feasible methods for control of breeding sites are usually not available has led to increased interest in biological control of mosquitoes. One such approach, release of sterile males, eliminated Anopheles albimanus from a small lake in El Salvador [1]. Release of sterile males in less localized areas, however, presents serious logistic problems. Moreover, because of
Propaganda, grafite e as representações de uma cidade negra

Na imaginacao geografica dos Estados Unidos, o Brasil e um Pais de futebol, samba e biquinis. Representacoes do Brasil entram nos EUA atraves dos filtros culturais de Pele e a Garota de Ipanema. Mas nesta visao se perde a historia intricada e complexa da raca no Brasil, especialmente na cidade do Salvador da Bahia. Mas, chegando de fora e vendo as representacoes raciais pela propaganda popular, nunca se imaginaria que mais de 80% dos soteropolitanos e de descendencia africana. Neste artigo, contextualizarei primeiramente Salvador em termos raciais no Brasil. Entao, apos examinar as atuais teorias das racas e das suas representacoes, desconstruirei algumas das representacoes raciais mais chocantes e contraditorias, do ponto de vista de uma pessoa relativamente nova na Bahia. Concluirei com as observacoes do grafite como uma maneira popular de contestar as representacoes brancas dominantes numa cidade negra, atraves da qual as representacoes raciais sao democratizadas nas superficies verticais da capital baiana. Palavras-chave Propaganda; Grafite; Representacao; Cidade Negra; Raca Abstract In the geographical imagination of the United States, Brazil is a country of soccer, samba, and bikinis. Representations of Brazil enter the United States through the cultural filters of Pele and the Girl from Ipanema. This view misses, however, the intricacies of Brazil’s troubled racial history, especially in the northeast city of Salvador, Bahia. Attempting to understand Salvador’s racial make-up in terms of popular visual media in the urban landscape, an outsider might never guess that more than 80% of the city’s population is of African descent. In this paper I will first contextualize Salvador in terms of race in Brazil. After briefly interrogating current thought in race and representation, I will then deconstruct some of the most shocking and contradictory representations of race in this Afro-Brazilian urban context. I conclude by wondering if much of the city’s graffiti isn’t an informal, grassroots medium through which representations of race are democratized on the vertical surfaces of Bahia’s capital. Keywords Advertises; Graffiti; Representation; Black city; Race
TMS28335-based Design of Rapid Sampling System in Smart Grid

The requirement on sampling speed of signal system is much more strict in smart grid period.In this paper,a rapid signal sampling system was built in which the sampling platform was high-performance DSP TMS28335 and the high-speed sampling conversion devices was AD7656-1.Hardware and software interface design of DSP and AD7656-1 was introduced in detail.The software architecture of the whole system was also explained briefly.The result of the substation's field operation shows the accuracy and resolution of the devices based on the sampling system fully satisfied the smart grid sampling requirements and design specifications.
Proofreading is the Guarantee of Journal Quality——Some Experience in proofreading in Journal of Hybrid Rice

Proofreading is the continuation and extension of editing work and also an important process in guaranteeing journal quality The author has summarized proofreading method and common problems in publishing Journal of Hybrid Rice by combination of year's proofreading practice
SolMiner: mining distinct solutions in programs

Given a programming problem, because of a variety of data structures and algorithms that can be applied and different tradeoffs, such as space-time, to be considered, there may be many distinct solutions. By comparing his/her solution against others' and learning from the distinct solutions, a learner may quickly improve programming skills and gain experience in making trade-offs. Meanwhile, on the Internet many websites provide venues for programming practice and contests. Popular websites receive hundreds of thousands of submissions daily from novices as well as advanced learners. While these websites can automatically judge the correctness of a submission, none extracts distinct solutions from the submissions and provides them to learners. How to automatically identify distinct solutions from a large number of submissions is a challenging and unresolved problem. Due to diverse coding styles and high programming flexibility, submissions implementing the same solution may appear very different from each other; in addition, dealing with submissions at scale imposes extra challenges. We propose SolMiner, a solution miner, that automatically mines distinct solutions from a large number of submissions. SolMiner leverages static program analysis, data mining, and machine learning to automatically measure the similarity between submissions and identify distinct solutions. We have built a prototype of SolMiner and evaluated it. The evaluation shows that the technique is effective and efficient.
Soft tissue injuries of face and scalp.

The number of facial and scalp lacerations in children seen in hospital emergency rooms is large and on the increase. Children tend to incur these injuries (in order of occurrence) at home, on the street, at school, from dog bites, or while playing sports or riding in automobiles.
It’s all relative: Perceptions of interest group influence

Interest group influence has been a concern dating back to our nation’s founding, and scholars have devoted substantial attention to the issue from pluralist, elite and neopluralist perspectives. For this paper, we surveyed lobbyists in five states to examine how they perceive the level of influence of the organizations they represent, as well as that of organizations with similar goals and organizations with opposing goals. We focus on patterns of influence and how interest systems structure perceptions of influence. Consistent with neopluralist expectations, we find that lobbyists’ perceptions of influence are affected by the larger environment in which they operate. We also note that in general, lobbyists seem to overestimate the influence of the specific groups they represent.
High-dose neutron detector project update

These are the slides for a progress review meeting by the sponsor. This is an update on the high-dose neutron detector project. In summary, improvements in both boron coating and signal amplification have been achieved; improved boron coating materials and procedures have increased efficiency by ~ 30-40% without the corresponding increase in the detector plate area; low dead-time via thin cell design (~ 4 mm gas gaps) and fast amplifiers; prototype PDT 8” pod has been received and testing is in progress; significant improvements in efficiency and stability have been verified; use commercial PDT 10B design and fabrication to obtain a faster path from the research to practical high-dose neutron detector.
Informatics, Analytics, and Decision Support in Utilization Management

Informatics underlies some of the most effective laboratory utilization management tools. For example, computerized provider order entry systems often offer clinical decision support functionality that utilization management teams can leverage to provide clinicians “just-in-time” test-ordering advice and alerts. Likewise clinical and production data can be extracted from laboratory and clinical information systems and analyzed to identify utilization improvement opportunities, guide utilization management strategies, and monitor the impact of utilization management initiatives. This chapter will review applications of informatics to utilization management. More specifically, the chapter will begin with a discussion of clinical decision support, including testing guidelines and algorithms, and various types of electronic alerts. It will also include some discussion of the information systems that underlie many types of decision support. The chapter will next discuss data analytics and will describe strategies to develop informative utilization metrics and use them to measure the impact of utilization management initiatives. Likewise, it will discuss the use of analytics to identify misutilization, target utilization improvement initiatives, and provide valuable feedback to clinicians. The chapter will conclude with a discussion of practical considerations.
Autologous and Allogeneic Equine Mesenchymal Stem Cells Exhibit Equivalent Immunomodulatory Properties In Vitro

The use of allogeneic bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMDMSCs) may provide an effective alternative to autologous BMDMSCs for treatment of equine musculoskeletal injuries. However, concerns have been raised regarding the potential safety and effectiveness of allogeneic BMDMSCs. We conducted studies to assess the immunological properties of equine allogeneic BMDMSCs compared with those of autologous BMDMSCs. For assessment of inherent immunogenicity, the relative ability of allogeneic and autologous BMDMSCs to stimulate spontaneous proliferation of equine lymphocytes was compared. The immunosuppressive activity of the two cell types was evaluated by adding autologous or allogeneic BMDMSCs to activated lymphocytes and assessing suppression of lymphocyte proliferation and IFNγ production. Fifty-six allogeneic and 12 autologous combinations were evaluated. Studies were also done to elucidate mechanisms by which equine mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) suppress lymphocyte function. Potential mechanisms evaluated included production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), nitric oxide, transforming growth factor-beta, and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase. We found that autologous and allogeneic BMDMSCs both induced mild but equivalent levels of spontaneous lymphocyte activation in vitro. In in vitro assays assessing the ability of BMDMSCs to suppress activated lymphocytes, both allogeneic and autologous BMDMSCs suppressed T cell proliferation and IFNγ production to an equal degree. The primary mechanism of equine BMDMSC suppression of T cells was mediated by PGE2. We concluded that allogeneic and autologous BMDMSCs are equivalent in terms of their immunomodulatory properties, and stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells appear to trigger the immunosuppressive properties of MSCs. Therefore, both cell types appear to have equal potency in modulating inflammatory processes related to acute or chronic musculoskeletal injuries in the horse.
Watching Time: James Baldwin and Malcolm X

Taking its cue from recent scholarly work on the concept of time in African American literature, this essay argues that, while both James Baldwin and Malcolm X refuse gradualism and insist on “the now” as the moment of civil rights’ fulfillment, Baldwin also remains troubled by the narrowness assumed by a life, politics, or ethics limited to the present moment. In his engagement with Malcolm’s life and legacy—most notably in One Day, When I Was Lost , his screen adaptation of Malcolm’s autobiography—he works toward a temporal mode that would be both punctual and expansive. What he proposes as the operative time of chronoethics is an “untimely now”: he seeks to replace Malcolm’s unyielding punctuality with a different nowness, one that rejects both calls for “patience,” endemic to any politics that rests on the Enlightenment notion of “perfectibility,” and the breathless urgency that prevents the subject from seeing anything beyond the oppressive system he wants overthrown. Both thinkers find the promise of such untimeliness in their sojourns beyond the United States.
Quantitative Metaproteomics and Activity-Based Probe Enrichment Reveals Significant Alterations in Protein Expression from a Mouse Model of Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Tandem mass spectrometry based shotgun proteomics of distal gut microbiomes is exceedingly difficult due to the inherent complexity and taxonomic diversity of the samples. We introduce two new methodologies to improve metaproteomic studies of microbiome samples. These methods include the stable isotope labeling in mammals to permit protein quantitation across two mouse cohorts as well as the application of activity-based probes to enrich and analyze both host and microbial proteins with specific functionalities. We used these technologies to study the microbiota from the adoptive T cell transfer mouse model of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and compare these samples to an isogenic control, thereby limiting genetic and environmental variables that influence microbiome composition. The data generated highlight quantitative alterations in both host and microbial proteins due to intestinal inflammation and corroborates the observed phylogenetic changes in bacteria that accompany IBD in humans and mouse mode...
Shared keystroke dataset for continuous authentication

Keystroke dynamics is an effective behavioral biometrics for user authentication at a computer terminal. Continuous or active authentication using keystroke dynamics has raised a lot of interest among researchers. However, there are only a few public datasets available for the research community compared to other biometric modalities primarily because of the difficulty of large scale data collection. Even the existing ones generally suffer from small number of subjects and lack of extensive features. In this paper, we provide the details on the collection of a shared dataset for the study of keystroke dynamics. We have collected raw keystroke data from 157 subjects allowing them to transcribe fixed text and answer questions freely. The dataset is characterized to reflect the temporal variations of typing patterns and the perturbations caused by different keyboard layouts. To show the usability and the quality of our dataset, we apply an existing algorithm, viz. Gaussian mixture model for keystroke analysis on the dataset and report the results.
Variability of Cloudiness over Mountain Terrain in the Western United States

AbstractThis study investigates the spatial and temporal variability of cloudiness across mountain zones in the western United States. Daily average cloud albedo is derived from a 19-yr series (1996–2014) of half-hourly Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) images. During springtime when incident radiation is active in driving snowmelt–runoff processes, the magnitude of daily cloud variations can exceed 50% of long-term averages. Even when aggregated over 3-month periods, cloud albedo varies by ±10% of long-term averages in many locations. Rotated empirical orthogonal functions (REOFs) of daily cloud albedo anomalies over high-elevation regions of the western conterminous United States identify distinct regional patterns, wherein the first five REOFs account for ~67% of the total variance. REOF1 is centered over Northern California and Oregon and is pronounced between November and March. REOF2 is centered over the interior northwest and is accentuated between March and July. Each of the...
Abstract IA22: Cancer survivorship and sexual minorities

Evidence shows that lesbian, gay, and bisexual individuals, defined as sexual minorities, have more cancer risk factors compared to heterosexual individuals. To date sexual minority cancer survivorship received some research attention, with a particular focus on breast cancer among sexual minority women. Cancer survivorship also extends beyond the sexual minority individual with the disease, affecting the spouse or partner, family members or friends. Moreover cancer is known to affect the informal caregiver, who provides unpaid help and support to an individual with cancer. To date, there is a dearth of information on the caregivers to sexual minority individuals with cancer. Comparative analyses of cancer survivors of different sexual orientations and their respective caregivers provide some of the necessary knowledge. A better understanding of sexual minorities with cancer and their caregivers can inform the later development of programs that are culturally appropriate and address the needs of sexual minority survivors and their caregivers. Citation Format: Ulrike Boehmer. Cancer survivorship and sexual minorities. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Ninth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2016 Sep 25-28; Fort Lauderdale, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2017;26(2 Suppl):Abstract nr IA22.
Use of Vaccinia Virus to Express Biopharmaceutical Products

Recent technological advancements have fostered the continued development of vaccinia virus as an efficient eukaryotic cloning and expression vector system. Genetically engineered vaccinia virus strains have been constructed for use (i) as recombinant vaccines for the prophylaxis of infectious disease, (ii) in producing significant quantities of biologically active polypeptide factors or enzymes, and (iii) as basic research tools with which to investigate primary structure–function relationships between proteins and their catalytic activities. This review examines the basic vaccinia vector system, its advantages and limitations, and current areas of research. As a specific example of the power and utility of this approach, attention is focused on the application of this technology to the field of neurobiology, specifically the use of recombinant vaccinia to study the expression, processing, and transport of cellular neuropeptides.
Variables affecting maximum urethral closure pressure (MUCP) and abdominal leak point pressure (ALPP) measurements.

The relationship between pelvic floor muscles and measurements of urethral function is not well studied. It is not known whether adjusting for clinical, demographic and urodynamic parameters would improve the association between MUCP and ALPP. Our hypothesis was that pelvic floor muscle strength (PFMS) influences the relationship between MUCP and ALPP. This was a retrospective study of women who underwent a complex urodynamic study with evaluation of MUCP and ALPP using ICD-9 codes with documentation of PFMS. Urodynamic stress incontinence was confirmed in 478 patients, of whom 323 had MUCP recorded and 263 had both MUCP and ALPP recorded. Women with higher PFMS had a higher MUCP. In regression analysis ALPP at 150 mL and MUCP were weakly associated (coefficient 0.43, 95% CI 0.08–0.78; p = 0.02), whereas ALPP at capacity and MUCP were moderately associated (coefficient 0.60, 95% CI 0.25–0.95; p < 0.001). This study showed that MUCP and ALPP at 150 mL were weakly associated and that this improved to a moderate association for ALPP at capacity. MUCP increased with increasing PFMS among women with stress urinary incontinence and decreased with increasing age. There was no evidence that ALPP was associated with PFMS or age. The relationship between MUCP and ALPP was unchanged when accounting for covariates of PFMS (age, parity, BMI, prior procedure, urethral mobility, bladder capacity, stage of cystocele, or stage of uterine or apical prolapse).
EFFICACY OF INSECTICIDES AGAINST SPISSISTILUS FESTINUS (SAY),EMPOASCA FABAE (HARRIS), AND LYGUS LINEOLARIS (PALISOT DE BEAUVOIS) IN ALFALFA IN GEORGIA

Eleven insecticides were evaluated against the threecornered alfalfa hopper, Spissistilus festinus (Say), the potato leafhopper, Empoasca fabae (Harris), and the tarnished plant bug, Lygus lineolar...
Exact Function Alignment Under Elastic Riemannian Metric

The problem of nonlinear alignment of functions is both fundamental and extremely important in pattern recognition. Most common approaches for alignment, including dynamic time warping (DTW), use penalized-\(\mathbb {L}^2\) minimization that has significant shortcomings, including asymmetry. A recent mathematical framework, based on an elastic Riemannian metric and square-root velocity functions, overcomes these shortcomings. The time warping problem is currently solved using a dynamic programming algorithm (DPA) which relies heavily on dense sampling of functions and can be computationally expensive. Here we present a novel theory (and algorithms) for finding the exact pairwise alignment between functions, which uses an efficient sampling of functions, restricted to their change points. In many cases, the computational cost for matching is reduced by orders of magnitude. We demonstrate the superiority of this method over the DPA using several simulated and real datasets.
MicroRNA-155 plays a critical role in the establishment of latency in murine γ-herpesvirus infection (VIR1P.1148)

Gammaherpesvirus infection in immunosuppressed populations is associated with severe disease. MicroRNA-155 (miR155) has been shown to play significant roles in the immune response, including in the formation of germinal centers (GC) and the development and maturation of T follicular helper cells (Tfh). We sought to determine the relative contribution of miR-155 in the T and B cell compartments to latent murine gammaherpesvirus infection. Mice deficient in miR-155 had a 100-fold decrease in latent viral load, measured by qPCR, and exhibited decreases in both follicular helper cells and germinal center B cells. However, infection of mixed bone marrow chimeric mice showed a similar latent viral burden in both WT and miR-155 deficient B cells. Therefore the role of miR-155 may not be B cell intrinsic, but is likely mediated in part due to the regulation that miR155 exerts on the T follicular helper cell population. Studies using a YFP marker virus also address roles for miR-155 in virus reactivation and maintenance of latency. Further elucidating the relative role of miR155 on these cell populations will provide key insights into the development of latency in this model system.
Alcohol and Opioid Use, Co-Use, and Chronic Pain in the Context of the Opioid Epidemic: A Critical Review

The dramatic increase in opioid misuse, opioid use disorder (OUD), and opioid-related overdose deaths in the United States has led to public outcry, policy statements, and funding initiatives. Meanwhile, alcohol misuse and alcohol use disorder (AUD) are a highly prevalent public health problem associated with considerable individual and societal costs. This study provides a critical review of alcohol and opioid misuse, including issues of prevalence, morbidity, and societal costs. We also review research on interactions between alcohol and opioid use, the influence of opioids and alcohol on AUD and OUD treatment outcomes, respectively, the role of pain in the co-use of alcohol and opioids, and treatment of comorbid OUD and AUD. Heavy drinking, opioid misuse, and chronic pain individually represent significant public health problems. Few studies have examined co-use of alcohol and opioids, but available data suggest that co-use is common and likely contributes to opioid overdose-related morbidity and mortality. Co-use of opioids and alcohol is related to worse outcomes in treatment for either substance. Finally, chronic pain frequently co-occurs with use (and co-use) of alcohol and opioids. Opioid use and alcohol use are also likely to complicate the treatment of chronic pain. Research on the interactions between alcohol and opioids, as well as treatment of the comorbid disorders is lacking. Currently, most alcohol research excludes patients with OUD and there is lack of measurement in both AUD and OUD research in relation to pain-related functioning. Research in those with chronic pain often assesses opioid use, but rarely assesses alcohol use or AUD. New research to examine the nexus of alcohol, opioids, and pain, as well as their treatment, is critically needed.
Recovery of Alternative End-Joining Repair Products From Drosophila Embryos.

Abstract In this chapter, we describe a method for the recovery and analysis of alternative end-joining (alt-EJ) DNA double-strand break repair junctions following I-SceI cutting in Drosophila melanogaster embryos. Alt-EJ can be defined as a set of Ku70/80 and DNA ligase 4-independent end-joining processes that are typically mutagenic, producing deletions, insertions, and chromosomal rearrangements more frequently than higher-fidelity repair pathways such as classical nonhomologous end joining or homologous recombination. Alt-EJ has been observed to be upregulated in HR-deficient tumors and is essential for the survival and proliferation of these cells. Alt-EJ shares many initial processing steps with homologous recombination, specifically end resection; therefore, studying alt-EJ repair junctions can provide useful insight into aborted HR repair. Here, we describe the injection of plasmid constructs with specific cut sites into Drosophila embryos and the subsequent recovery of alt-EJ repair products. We also describe different analytical approaches using this system and how amplicon sequencing can be used to provide mechanistic information about alt-EJ.
Brain Drain, Brain Circulation, and the African Diaspora in the United States

African immigrants are among the most educated immigrants in the United States. Their rising numbers and their highly educated background point to the importance of studying this growing phenomenon...
GMO food labels in the United States: Economic implications of the new law

Abstract In July 2016, the U.S. Congress passed Senate Bill 764, which requires the U.S. Department of Agriculture to establish a national disclosure standard for GE foods, as a compromise between forces pressing for a much stricter labeling law versus forces that opposed mandatory labeling laws altogether. The legislation, now known as Public Law 114-216, also preempts states from setting their own standards for mandatory GE labels. This article discusses the implementation of the new law and its potential economic consequences. We conclude that PL 114-216 is worse than a complete absence of mandatory labeling laws. However, it should be better than the likely scenario of policies that it pre-empted, and could be reasonably inexpensive, depending on the implementation details of the new law—which are yet to be determined—and how producers and consumers choose to respond to it.
CHROMATOGRAPHIC TRANSLOBULAR MIGRATION OF XENOBIOTICS

Abstract The structure of the liver lobule is well adapted for efficient exchange of materials between hepatocytes and blood. Only recently, however, has it been realized during a rat liver perfusion study that the exchange of certain chemicals can be so fast as to cause their complete absorption by the periportal hepatocytes. Because of the high affinity to hepatocytes and the reversibility of uptake, the chemical thus absorbed migrates chromatographically toward the central venule. A recirculating autologous blood perfusion system was developed to provide evidence that such translobular behavior also occurs in vivo with various chemicals including parathion, naphthalene, 4-nitroanisole and dichlorobenzenes. Autoradiography of liver sections following an i. p. injection of 0.8 mg/Kg ethyl-1-H3 parathion showed the total absorption and metabolism of the dose by the periportal half of the liver lobule. These results indicate that chemicals exhibiting chromatographic behavior may be degraded in a single passage through the liver (first-pass effect) and may have a threshold oral dose for systemic toxicity. For these chemicals, the numerical product of the hepatic transit time and the enzyme activity rather than the enzyme activity alone should better predict metabolic consequences in the liver.
Escalating Instability of Network Neutrality Policy in the U.S.

In the U.S., network neutrality policy has been on a trajectory of escalating political instability since the early 2000s. The analysis here explains how this trajectory can be understood as a microcosm of the more general trajectory of political dysfunction under U.S. governance that coincides with the era of deregulatory policymaking. Under the U.S. constitutional structure of federalism and the distinctive role of the judiciary under a common law system, adversarial legalism—that is, lawyer-dominated litigation—has evolved as a means of policymaking in the U.S. The federal Telecommunications Act of 1996 was enacted during the waning period of bipartisanship negotiation, but its implementation has been left to a heightened period of adversarial legalism under hyperpartisanship between the Republican and Democratic political parties. As a result, the instability of U.S. network neutrality policy is reflective of the current phase of hyperpartisanship within a process of adversarial legalism. Until the underlying political dynamics change, the policy instability will likely continue.
Representing Industrial Data Streams in Digital Twins using Semantic Labeling

Digital twins provide the opportunity to observe and simulate current and future behaviour of cyber-physical systems in a non-invasive way. At the same time, digital representations of real-world assets allow to compare multiple situations in parallel and to estimate effects of planned interventions. Such simulations can be used in cyper-physical systems to make predictions about the future and prevent failures. However, it is complex to build a model that accurately represents the real-world and connects real-world assets to technically-oriented data streams produced by these assets. In this paper, we present a novel approach to model socalled Industrial Data Streams. Such streams are produced by assets in the real world and are integrated on a messageoriented middleware. Streams are annotated using the concept of semantic labels, which allows to assign characteristics such as location or type of the underlying assets to data streams. Our contribution consists of a semantic schema representation that categorises similar data streams, allowing subscribers to consume similar data from multiple assets within a single data analytics pipeline. Therefore, our approach paves the way for a more intuitive management of digital twin representations from industrial assets.
MITRAL ANNULAR EXCURSION IN HEART FAILURE WITH PRESERVED EJECTION FRACTION DURING EXERCISE: THE IMPACT OF A FAULTY CARDIAC PISTON

Mitral annular excursion (MAE) contributes to both longitudinal left ventricular systolic motion and diastolic filling. Inability to augment MAE during exercise may impair systolic efficiency as well as diastolic filling, possibly contributing to exercise intolerance in HFpEF. We hypothesized that
Dilution and Free Speech in the U.S., Reprise

This Chapter address the topic of trademark dilution — the additional protection granted to famous trademarks under United States (U.S.) law. In particular it considers whether either form of dilution (dilution by blurring or by tarnishment) is an unconstitutional restriction on speech in light of recent U.S. Supreme Court caselaw. I argue that dilution by tarnishment is likely unconstitutional under now-prevailing law, and that there’s at least a plausible argument that dilution by blurring is unconstitutional as well. I do not necessarily predict that courts will hold either form of dilution unconstitutional. But to avoid that conclusion, courts will have to develop distinctions that are not now apparent in the law.