cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
ADAPTIVE ASPECTS OF SOCIAL COGNITIVE FUNCTIONING IN ADULTHOOD: AGE-RELATED GOAL AND KNOWLEDGE INFLUENCES

The study of development from the lifespan perspective focuses on the adaptive aspects of human behavior. It is argued that a social cognitive perspective may be useful in examining and understanding adaptive aspects of behavior in everyday contexts across adulthood. Research conducted by Hess and colleagues has provided support for this assertion, demonstrating that age in adulthood is associated with increased selectivity in engagement of cognitive resources and the development of expert social knowledge. Both of these processes can be viewed as adaptive outcomes associated with changing circumstances and experience associated with age. Implications of this research for both the study of aging and of social cognition are discussed. An important focus of social psychological research has been on examining processes associated with people’s understanding of social situations. These have been of particular interest to those taking a social cognitive perspective, where such processes have been examined in the context of research on, for example, attribution, person perception, impression formation, and attitude change. The importance of such research is based in the belief that understanding social reasoning and representational processes
The very depleted nature of certain primary mid-ocean ridge basalts

Abstract Many mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORBs) might be ultimately derived from primary magmas that are very depleted in Na 2 O and TiO 2 . These very depleted primary magmas have 0.60 to 1.50 wt.% Na 2 O and 0.10 to 0.50 wt.% TiO 2 compared to MORBs, which typically have > 1.90% Na 2 O and >0.60% TiO 2 . Evidence for these depleted primary magma compositions is obtained from megacrysts in MORBs, from glass inclusions within these megacrysts, and from the highly calcic plagioclases (An 91–96 ) and depleted clinopyroxenes (Na 2 O mostly between 0.10 and 0.35) in certain abyssal peridotites. Cumulate ultramanfi and gabbroic rocks from the North Arm Mountain Massif of the Bay of Islands ophiolite complex show a progressive increase in the Na 2 O and TiO 2 abundances in clinopyroxene crystals with stratigraphic height in the ophiolite. The use of mineral-liquid distribution coefficients and cumulate mineral compositions indicate that the liquids from which these minerals crystallized had 0.10 to 0.20 wt.% TiO 2 and 0.60 to 0.80 wt.% Na 2 O for the lowermost cumulate ultramafic rocks, with TiO 2 and Na 2 O abundances of liquids increasing progressively to normal MORB abundances during crystallization of higher-level gabbroic cumulates. These data clearly demonstrate that primary basalts that are very depleted in Na 2 O and TiO 2 can differentiate to form residual magmas that are indistinguishable from MORBs.
The influence of preoperative risk stratification on fast-tracking patients after pulmonary resection.

Fast-tracking protocols or postoperative care computerized algorithms have been shown to reduce hospital length of stay and reduce costs. Although fast-tracking protocols cannot be applied to all, the vast majority of patients who undergo elective pulmonary resection, even those at high risk, can undergo safe, efficient, and cost-saving care via preset postoperative algorithms. When the typical daily events are convened each morning and the planned date of discharge is frequently communicated with the patient and family before surgery and each day in the hospital, most patients can be safely fast-tracked with high satisfaction and outstanding results.
Delayed lethal effect of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid on bacteria.

tolerance of bacteria to 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D)was increased by continued culturing in the presence of sublethal concentrations of the herbicide. The latter authors reported that sublethal quantities of 2, 4-D did not effect cell size or the total cellular yield of Aerobacter aerogenes. They also presented convincing evidence that magnesium. deficiency in A. aerogenes did not mimic the action of sublethal quantities of 2, 4-D. Hart and Larson (3) reported on the effect of 2, 4-D on different metabolic types of bacteria and had observed that certain bacteria, particularly the Gram-negative facultatively anaerobic bacteria, showed a graded response to increasing concentrations of the herbicide. In further studies we have noted a delayed lethal effect and an effect on length of cells by 2, 4-D at concentrations which do not inhibit growth completely. The present report is concerned with these effects.
Automatic keyword selection for keyword search development and tuning

In this paper, we investigate the problem of automatically selecting textual keywords for keyword search development and tuning on audio data for any language. Briefly, the method samples candidate keywords in the training data while trying to match a set of target marginal distributions for keyword features such as keyword frequency in the training or development audio, keyword length, frequency of out-of-vocabulary words, and TF-IDF scores. The method is evaluated on four IARPA Babel program base period languages. We show the use of the automatically selected keywords for the keyword search system development and tuning. We show also that search performance is improved by tuning the decision threshold on the automatically selected keywords.
Linear versus cyclic sixteen electron triatomics: P2S and SiS2

Abstract Ab initio theoretical methods have been used to determine the geometries, energies and vibrational frequencies of linear, cyclic singlet and cyclic triplet isomers of P2S and SiS2. Although it has not been observed, the cyclic singlet structure for P2S has been previously predicted theoretically to be the ground state. In the present study both the cyclic singlet and the cyclic triplet isomers of P2S are found to lie below the experimentally observed linear isomer. The linear SiS2 isomer, however, is the lowest energy isomer, and the cyclic triplet is quite high lying. The reason for this reversal and why the cyclic P2S isomers have not been observed are discussed.
Assessment of Psychiatric Comorbidity in Children Infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Type 1

Assessment of Psychiatric Comorbidity in Children Infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Type 1
Estimation of sea ice thickness distributions through the combination of snow depth and satellite laser altimetry data

Combinations of sea ice freeboard and snow depth measurements from satellite data have the potential to provide a means to derive global sea ice thickness values. However, large differences in spatial coverage and resolution between the measurements lead to uncertainties when combining the data. High resolution airborne laser altimeter retrievals of snow-ice freeboard and passive microwave retrievals of snow depth taken in March 2006 provide insight into the spatial variability of these quantities as well as optimal methods for combining high resolution satellite altimeter measurements with low resolution snow depth data. The aircraft measurements show a relationship between freeboard and snow depth for thin ice allowing the development of a method for estimating sea ice thickness from satellite laser altimetry data at their full spatial resolution. This method is used to estimate snow and ice thicknesses for the Arctic basin through the combination of freeboard data from ICESat, snow depth data over first-year ice from AMSR-E, and snow depth over multiyear ice from climatological data. Due to the non-linear dependence of heat flux on ice thickness, the impact on heat flux calculations when maintaining the full resolution of the ICESat data for ice thickness estimates is explored for typical winter conditions. Calculations of the basin-wide mean heat flux and ice growth rate using snow and ice thickness values at the 70 m spatial resolution of ICESat are found to be approximately one-third higher than those calculated from 25 km mean ice thickness values.
Calibration of the Langley 8-Foot High Temperature Tunnel for Hypersonic Airbreathing Propulsion Testing

The NASA Langley 8-Foot High Temperature Tunnel has recently been modified to produce a unique testing capability for hypersonic airbreathing propulsion systems. Prior to these modifications, the facility was used primarily for aerothermal loads and structural verification testing at true flight total enthalpy conditions for Mach numbers between 6 and 7. One of the recent modifications was an oxygen replenishment system which allows operating airbreathing propulsion systems to be tested at true flight total enthalpies. Following the modifications to the facility, calibration runs were performed at total enthalpies corresponding to flight Mach numbers of 6.3 and 6.8 to establish the flow characteristics of the facility with its new capabilities. The results of this calibration, as well as modifications to tunnel combustor hardware prior to calibration to improve tunnel flow quality, are described in this paper.
Micropuncture studies of the filtration and absorption of albumin by nephrotic rats.

Micropuncture studies of the filtration and absorption of albumin by nephrotic rats, The proximal tubular fluid albumin concentration of rats with immunologically induced nephrotic syndrome rose from 0.60 ± 0.11(SEM) mg/100ml to 7.42 ± 0.87mg/100ml. The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was slightly depressed (P 0.45). Urinary albumin excretion rose from 0.18 ± 0.03(SEM) mg/100g of body wt/24hr to 78.5 ± 39.5mg/100g/100g of body wt/24hr (P 0.30). The data are interpreted to reflect a significant increase in filtered albumin and only a modest (if any) tubular albumin absorption in this study. Thus, the concept that tubular absorption plays a major role in the catabolism of albumin and the genesis of hypoalbuminemia in the nephrotic syndrome could not be confirmed. Etude par microponction de la filtration et de l'absorption de l'albumine chez les rats nephrotiques. La concentration de l'albumine dans le liquide du tube proximal chez des rats atteints de syndrome nephrotique induit immunologiquement augmente de 0,60 ± 0,11 mg(SEM)/100ml a 7,42 ± 0,87 mg/100ml. Le GFR est moderement dimiue (P 0,45). L'excretion urinaire d'albumine augmente de 0,18 ± 0,03 (SEM) mg/100g BW/24hr a 78,5 ± 39,5 mg/100g BW/24hr (P 0,30). Ces resultats sont interpretes comme le reflet d'une augmentation significative de la filtration de l'albumine et d'une faible absorption tubulaire d'albumine, si elle existe. Par consequent, le concept selon lequel l'absorption tubulaire joue un role majeur dans le catabolisme de l'albumine et dans la genese de l'hypoalbuminemie du syndrome nephrotique n'a pas pu etre confirme.
The oxidative pentose phosphate pathway is the primary source of NADPH for lipid overproduction from glucose in Yarrowia lipolytica

Oleaginous microbes represent an attractive means of converting a diverse range of feedstocks into oils that can be transesterified to biodiesel. However, the mechanism of lipid overproduction in these organisms is incompletely understood, hindering the development of strategies for engineering superior biocatalysts for "single-cell oil" production. In particular, it is unclear which pathways are used to generate the large quantities of NADPH required for overproduction of the highly reduced fatty acid species. While early studies implicated malic enzyme as having a key role in production of lipogenic NADPH in oleaginous fungi, several recent reports have cast doubts as to whether malic enzyme may contribute to production of lipogenic NADPH in the model oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica. To address this problem we have used (13)C-Metabolic Flux Analysis to estimate the metabolic flux distributions during lipid accumulation in two Y. lipolytica strains; a control strain and a previously published engineered strain capable of producing lipids at roughly twice the yield. We observe a dramatic rearrangement of the metabolic flux distribution in the engineered strain which supports lipid overproduction. The NADPH-producing flux through the oxidative Pentose Phosphate Pathway is approximately doubled in the engineered strain in response to the roughly two-fold increase in fatty acid biosynthesis, while the flux through malic enzyme does not differ significantly between the two strains. Moreover, the estimated rate of NADPH production in the oxidative Pentose Phosphate Pathway is in good agreement with the estimated rate of NADPH consumption in fatty acid biosynthesis in both strains. These results suggest the oxidative Pentose Phosphate Pathway is the primary source of lipogenic NADPH in Y. lipolytica.
STYLISTIC RESPONSE VARIANCE AND TRAIT INFERENCE FROM THE STUDY OF VALUES

Summary.-The Allport-Vernon-Lindzey Study of Values and four scales accounting for possible trait confounding variance, Edwards' SD, Wiggins' Sd, Marlowe-Crowne, and Welsh's R, were administered to 171 female and 116 male college students. The resultant factor structure and coefficienu of determination (all less than .07) between the two sets of scales supported the discriminant validity of the Study of Values scales for the four stylistic sources measured and their continued use as trait indicants unconfounded by stylistic variance. Counselors and scale developers have traditionally interpreted responses to scales as either an indicant of latent traits (Edwards, 1970) or as behavior "of more value than any knowledge of the 'factual' material about which the item s~~perficially purports to inquire" ( Meehl, 1945 ) . When information from an inventory such as the Study of Values (Allport, Vernon, & Lindzey, 1960) is to be used for guidance or counseling purposes, however, the "response-as-trait" theory is mosr consistent with the goals of the counselor and test authors. The adoption of this viewpoint necessitates the estimation of the amount of scale response variance in common with non-trait sources. Thus, it is necessary to demonstrate that scores on the Study of Values scales have low correlations with variables which theoretically should not be associated with the trait. Without this knowledge, the inventory user cannot know whether inventory responses are indicants of only the trait the scale was designed to measure. The scales, Theoretical, Economic, Aesthetic, Social, Political, and Religious, were rationally developed from Spranger's Types of Megz. Revisions of the Smdy of Values have increased the scales' internal consistency but have not artempted to measure and, if necessary, control for trait-confounding stylistic variance. Research with the scales has supported their convergent validity but their discriminant validity is as yet unsupported. TOO, the relationship between these scales and scales designed to measure stylistic variance remains directly uninvestigated. The purpose of this study is to assess the amount of response variance in the Study of Values scales which can be accounted for by responses to four measures of stylistic variance, resulting also in a test of the six Study of Values scales discriminant validity.
Contact resistivities of sputtered TiN and TiTiN metallizations on solar-cell-type-silicon

The resistivities of TiN and Ti-TiN contacts on a shallow junction solar-cell-type silicon substrate have been determined by the method of the transmission line model. The contacts investigated are shown to be suitable for standard solar cells from an electrical point of view. Contact resistivity values of the order of 0.0001 ohm/sq cm as obtained for the n(+)Si-TiSi2-TiN contact system may be acceptable for concentrations up to 100 times, but lower values are necessary beyond this point.
Effect of three laxatives and a cation exchange resin on fecal sodium and potassium excretion.

Abstract Background/Aims: The treatment of hyperkalemia in patients with renal insufficiency often includes the ingestion of sorbitol and a cation exchange resin. Sorbitol alone may be used to remove sodium and water from overloaded patients. The efficacy of these regimens has never been compared with other laxative or laxative-resin combinations. The aim of the study was to compare the relative effect of three laxatives with different mechanisms of action, alone and in combination with resin, on fecal sodium and potassium excretion. Methods: Sodium, potassium, and water excretion in 12-hour stool collections were analyzed after various laxative-resin combinations in normal subjects. Results: Correctol (yellow phenolphthalein) (Schering Plough Health Care Products, Memphis, TN) was more effective than sorbitol or sodium sulfate in causing fecal sodium and potassium loss. Resin recovery in stool was much greater with phenolphthalein than with other laxatives, and more potassium was excreted in stool with phenolphthalein-resin than with phenolphthalein alone or other laxative-resin combinations. Sorbitol caused more undesirable gastrointestinal symptoms than did sodium sulfate or phenolphthalein. Conclusions: In normal people, phenolphthalein (1) is preferable to other laxatives in causing fecal sodium and potassium excretion, (2) hastens resin transit through the intestine compared with other laxatives, and (3) produces greater fecal potassium excretion when combined with resin than phenolphthalein alone or other laxative-resin combinations.
VopA Inhibits ATP Binding by Acetylating the Catalytic Loop of MAPK Kinases

The bacterial pathogen Vibrio parahemeolyticus manipulates host signaling pathways during infections by injecting type III effectors. One of these effectors, Vibrio outer protein A (VopA), inhibits MAPK signaling via a novel mechanism, distinct from those described for other bacterial toxins, that disrupts this signaling pathway. VopA is an acetyltransferase that potently inhibits MAPK signaling pathways not only by preventing the activation of MAPK kinases (MKKs) but also by inhibiting the activity of activated MKKs. VopA acetylates a conserved lysine found in the catalytic loop of all kinases and blocks the binding of ATP, but not ADP, on the MKKs, resulting in an inactive phosphorylated kinase. Acetylation of this conserved lysine inhibits kinase activity by a new mechanism of regulation that has not been observed previously. Identifying the target of VopA reveals a way that the reversible post-translational modification of lysine acetylation can be used to regulate the activity of an enzyme.
Validation of Histologic Bone Analysis Following Microfil Vessel Perfusion.

AbstractThe ability to examine bone vascularity using micro-computed tomography following vessel perfusion with Microfil® and to subsequently perform histologic bone analysis in the same specimen would provide an efficient method by which the vascular and cellular environment of bone can be examined simultaneously. The purpose of this report is to determine if the administration of Microfil precludes accurate histologic assessment of bone quality via osteocyte count and empty lacunae count. Sprague–Dawley rats (n = 6) underwent perfusion with Microfil. Left hemi-mandibles were harvested, decalcified, and underwent vascular analysis via micro-computed tomography prior to sectioning and staining with Gomori’s trichrome. Quantitative histomorphometric evaluation was performed. Ninety-five percent confidence intervals (CIs) were used to determine statistical differences from an established set of controls (n = 12). Histologic analyses were successfully performed on specimens that had been perfused. Quantitati...
Protein synthesis in pulmonary alveolar macrophages. Source of amino acids for leucyl-tRNA.

Abstract Extracellular, intracellular and tRNA-bound leucine pools of the adherent pulmonary alveolar macrophage were examined to determine the relationships between them and the precursor for protein synthesis. When cells were cultured in media of various leucine concentrations, the patterns of isotope distribution in intraceullar and extracellular leucine did not correlate with the patterns seen in protein-bound leucine. Hence, the free leucine pools cannot be used reliably as precursors for calculating rates of protein synthesis. tRNA-bound leucine, however, behaved isotopically as if it were the precursor. Constant synthetic rates were calculated using the tRNA specific activity over a wide range of leucine concentrations. In addition, by measuring the tRNA-bound specific activities of three different amino acids, leucine, valine and phenylalanine, and their respective specific activities in protein, we were able to calculate independently three separate but identical synthetic rates. At physiological amino acid concentrations, the macrophage intracellular leucine pool and the tRNA-bound leucine pool received less than half of their amino acids from extracellular sources. At 5 mM external leucine, the intracellular specific activity was indistringuishable from that of the medium leucine, but the specific activity of the tRNA-bound leucine pool remained only about 50% that of the extracellular value. The most straightforward interpretation of why the tRNA-bound leucine did not flood with external label under conditions where the intracellular pool has reached equilibrium is to propose that some portion of the leucine for protein synthesis is derived directly from protein turnover before the degradation products have mixed with the common amino acid pool.
Memory for word location during reading: Eye movements to previously read words are spatially selective but not precise

In two experiments, readers’ use of spatial memory was examined by asking them to determine whether an individually shown probe word had appeared in a previously read sentence (Experiment 1) or had occupied a right or left sentence location (Experiment 2). Under these conditions, eye movements during the classification task were generally directed toward the right, irrespective of the location of the relevant target in the previously read sentence. In two additional experiments, readers’ knowledge of prior sentence content was examined either without (Experiment 3) or with (Experiment 4) an explicit instruction to move the eyes to a target word in that sentence. Although regressions into the prior sentence were generally directed toward the target, they rarely reached it. In the absence of accurate spatial memories, readers reached previously read target words in two distinct steps—one that moved the eyes in the general vicinity of the target, and one that homed in on it.
A flip-chip implementation of the Data Encryption Standard (DES)

We describe a flip-chip MCM-D implementation of a Data Encryption Standard (DES) engine. Novel features include the following: use of dense area-array I/O to achieve high bandwidth, fully-pipelined architecture which supports multiple encryptions (e.g., triple DES) with no loss of throughput; ability to multiplex datastreams, each under the control of a potentially unique key, and use of the MCM-D substrate to distribute power, ground and clock signals. The chip is being fabricated in a 0.6 /spl mu/m CMOS process, while the MCM is being built in a 4-layer polyimide MCM-D process. Circuit simulations indicate the device will operate with a throughput of 9.6 Gb/s.
Elements Influencing Peer Evaluation: An Examination of Individual Characteristics, Academic Performance, and Collaborative Processes

Collaborative learning has existed for some time, and instructional methods have been developed, such as cooperative learning, team learning, and problem-based learning. The purpose of this study is to observe students in learning teams and how their observations of their team and team members are reflected in peer evaluations. We examine pre- and post-team history elements, such as basic demographics, personality factors, exam scores, and observations of team process and team goal attainment. Pre- and post-team history factors correlate with peer evaluations and are discussed. In our analyses, we take into account intraclass correlations and individual and group effects. Suggestions are given for future research.
Assessment of the usefulness of a diagnostic test: a survey of patient preference for diagnostic techniques in the evaluation of intestinal inflammation.

Background In order to assess the usefulness of radiolabeled white cell scanning in the diagnosis of intestinal inflammation, subjects were asked to rank several dimensions of preference for white cell scanning in relation to other diagnostic tests. Two groups were surveyed: one known to have inflammatory bowel disease and the second not familiar in most cases with the tests. Subjects were asked to rank preference for each of seven tests: radiolabeled white cell scan, colonoscopy, barium enema, sigmoidoscopy, enteroclysis, stool analysis and laparotomy for the diagnosis of IBD and impressions of discomfort, embarrassment, inconvenience and danger related to each test. Mean rank scores were calculated, test ranks compared within groups and significance determined by the Wilcoxon rank test.
Biomolecule-Functionalized Nanowires: From Nanosensors to Nanocarriers

The unique properties of nanowires offer excellent prospects for designing a new generation of devices and systems exhibiting novel functions. This Review discusses recent scientific accomplishments in the preparation of nanowire–biomaterial hybrids and their potential applications as nanosensors, nanoactuators, and nanocarriers. Nanowires can be readily functionalized with various biochemicals through different linkage chemistries. Such integration of nanowires and biomolecules leads to novel hybrid systems which couple the recognition or catalytic properties of biomaterials with the attractive electronic and structural characteristics of nanowires. Receptor-functionalized nanowires are particularly attractive for direct real-time label-free electrical detection of biomolecular interactions. The unique control over the microstructure of nanowires, and particularly the design of multisegment nanowires, offer spatially defined regions for the defined organization of different biomolecules. This allows the resulting nanowires to perform several tasks simultaneously, and opens the door to a variety of important applications in the areas of nanobioelectronics and nanomedicine. For example, multisegment nanowires designed for nanomedicine applications can couple the selective targeting, therapy, and imaging functions. Such spatially defined anchoring of different biorecognition sites provides also distinct opportunities for the self assembly of nanowires into predetermined designs. The opportunities and challenges involved in designing such nanowire–biomaterial hybrid systems and devices are discussed in the following sections.
Deuterium Treatment Effects On Lithium And Tin-Lithium Sputtering In Solid And Liquid Phase

The absolute sputtering yields of D+, He+ and Li+ on solid, liquid lithium and liquid tinlithium have been successfully measured and modeled at low energies in the Ion-surface InterAction Experiment (IIAX). IIAX is used in this work to determine the dependence of Li erosion on the use of hydrogen isotopes to treat liquid metal surfaces of both liquid lithium and liquid tin-lithium. Earlier data from IIAX demonstrates that for He+ bombardment of solid phase lithium, the physical sputtering yield is reduced by deuterium treatment of the surface. In this work data for D+ bombardment of solid phase lithium is presented also shows similar sputtering reductions. In the case of tinlithium both in the solid and liquid phase, deuterium treatment does not affect the absolute sputtering yield of lithium. The secondary sputtered ion fraction of lithium atoms has also been measured in IIAX and the effect of deuterium coverage is discussed. In IIAX, a Colutron ion source is used to create and accelerate He+ or D+ onto a 100 mm2 metal target, with an influx of the order of 1014 ions/cm2/sec. The metal targets are heated past their melting point to the desired temperature, where the surface oxide layer is plasma cleaned by a hollow cathode source with an influx in the order of 1017 ions/cm2/sec and immediately irradiated with D+ or He+ ion beams. The evaporated flux at the desired temperature is measured before and after beam irradiation. Modeling of the absolute sputtering yield is accomplished by VFTRIM3D, a variant of the TRIM-SP code.
Synthesis and characterization of precursors for group II metal aluminates

Precursors to Group II metal aluminates (MAI2O4 , M = Mg, Ca, Ba, Sr) are synthesized from inexpensive starting materials including Group II metal oxides/hydroxides, Al(OH)3 , triethanolamine (TEA) and ethylene glycol, in a one-pot synthesis process. The precursors are soluble in common organic solvents and can be handled in moist air for a reasonable period of time. On pyrolysis in air to 1200 °C, all three precursors transform to the corresponding Group II metal aluminates. A termetallic double alkoxide, ‘ionomer-like’ structure is proposed, wherein the alkalineearth metal is encapsulated by a TEA molecule bridging two alumatrane units. The precursors were characterized using TGA, NMR, mass spectroscopy and elemental analyses, and the pyrolysed precursors were briefly characterized using x-ray diffraction analysis. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A review of interventions in the parent‐child relationship informed by attachment theory

Bowlby's attachment theory has inspired a dramatic shift in the way we understand the development of the early relationship between infant and caregiver(s). Though almost all infants develop an attachment relationship to their primary caregiver(s), not all of them are able to use their caregiver(s) as a secure base or haven of safety from which to explore the world. Mary Ainsworth was the first to describe in detail the aspects of the caregiving system that are most important for the development of the attachment relationship. During the last decade several studies have started to evaluate the possibility that insensitive and perhaps even inadequate parenting can be effectively ameliorated by interventions. The present article sketches the theory behind attachment-based interventions and reviews the evidence for the effectiveness of such interventions. Finally, the article gives examples of successful preventive as well as therapeutic interventions.
Promoting understanding in the classroom: Comparison of the Strength Deployment Inventory, Learning Styles Inventory, and Myers-Briggs

Given the importance of teamwork in engineering, engineering educators have explored using many different assessment tools to help individuals understand themselves and others. Among the most popular of these assessments are the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)reg and the Index of Learning Styles (LS). Another potentially powerful assessment tool is the Strength Deployment Inventory (SDI). Whereas other tools measure behavior, the SDI provides insight into onepsilas underlying motivations both when things are going well and in conflict. In this study, we gave the SDI as well as the ILS and the MBTI assessment to twenty-five undergraduate engineering students. Here we present the results of these assessments and explore comparisons between the three assessment tools. For the students in our sample, we showed that Extroverts on the MBTI tend to be more ldquoRedrdquo or Assertive on the SDI while Introverts on the MBTI tend to be more rdquoGreenrdquo or Analytical on the SDI. Also, when under conflict, such as may arise on a team project, studentspsila behavior changes and is influenced by their MBTI type. This information might help instructors enhance studentspsila team experiences.
The Body, the City and Global Youth Movements: Graffiti Artists/Fashion Designers in Dakar

In 1999, a tiny handful of young Senegalese hip-hoppers discovered graffiti art as a way to clean up and beautify the disintegrating spaces of their beloved Dakar. Since then, Dakar’s unique street art scene has legitimized itself as a force for aesthetic originality and social activism. This paper concerns those graffiti artists who have transformed the city’s ambiance through their murals and also applied their art to “les streetwear.”Both continuing and challenging the historically celebrated fashion heritage of Senegal, these artist-designers belong to the vibrant multi-disciplinary youth art scene that grew out of Senegal’s enormous, socially conscious hip-hop movement. The oldest of these artists, Docta, Deep Dakar, Big Key, and Kemp Ndao, as well as their young disciples Diablos Graff and Mad Zoo, paint intricate typography on city walls and on every kind of clothing. Their social and cultural activism flourishes at the junctions where the human body and the body of the city blend into and transform each other. Conscious of belonging to a global youth movement, and conscious as well of their ties to African American art and fashion, they seek to construct a specifically Senegalese identity that includes the practice of “reverse diaspora.”
Simultaneous DFT and IDFT of real N-point sequences

The problem of simultaneously calculating the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) of a real N-point sequence and the inverse discrete Fourier transform (IDFT) of the DFT of a real N-point sequence using a single DFT is considered. New formulas are given that exploit the symmetries of the DFT.
THE VEGETATION OF THE WILLAMETTE VALLEY

ABSTRACT The vegetation of the Willamette Valley, Oregon, has been modified by man for centuries. The earliest white men described the vegetation as extensive prairies maintained by annual fires set by Indians. The cessation of burning in the 1850s allowed expansion of forest lands on the margins of the former prairies. Today some of these forest lands have completed a cycle of growth, logging, and regrowth. Much of the former prairie is now in large-scale grain and grass seed production and is still burned annually. The pasture lands of the Valley are still maintained as open lands with widely scattered oaks.
Preventing ischial pressure ulcers: II. Biomechanics

Background: Pressure ulcers PUs are common and debilitating wounds that arise when immobilized patients cannot shift their weight. Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation NMES has been investigated for Pressure Ulcer Prevention PUP for over 20 years. Historically gluteus maximus GM has been considered an important actuator in attempting to redistribute seated pressures through NMES. Methods: Analysis of skeletal biomechanics to quantify the value of GM relative to hamstring hip extensors HS, using muscle moment models based on torques and rigid body mass estimates from the literature. Surface stimulation experiments n = 10 + 1, non-paralyzed to validate model and identify promising stimulation sites and treatment strategies that would approximate healthy biomechanics. Results: Literature values and Rigid Body Analysis estimate: ~63 Nm extensor torque requirement calculated for complete ipsilateral unloading of the buttocks. Muscle Moment Analysis: GM can provide 70% of total hip extensor torque when walking vs. 18% when seated. HS can provide 100 Nm hip extension torque when seated, exceeding 63 Nm requirement. Surface Stimulation: ipsilateral seated interface pressure mean -26% during HS stimulation vs. +16% with GM; peak pressure area -94% HS vs. +213% GM. Conclusions: GM activation reduces disuse atrophy and improves circulation, but appears neither required, nor desired, for unloading when seated. HS stimulation alone should be capable of sufficient unloading. This new proposed approach is explored clinically in companion paper III.
Energy from Bombs: Problems and Solutions in the Implementation of a High-Priority Nonproliferation Project

The U.S.-Russian cooperative project to convert highly enriched uranium from the Russian nuclear weapons program into reactor fuel and sell it for peaceful use in commercial power stations is a high-priority nonproliferation initiative. Implementation of this project, however, has encountered a wide variety of problems. This account examines the obstacles encountered and the practical solutions that have been developed to allow this project to realize its nonproliferation goals.
Synthetic Biology: Now that We're Creators, What Should We Create?

A 'synthetic' microbe has been created by introducing the artificially produced genome of one species into the cytoplasm of another. The technology allows the introduction of easily transferable adaptive units, as well as sets of genes that have likely never been transferred successfully.
Cerebellar Anatomy, Biochemistry, Physiology, and Plasticity

This chapter discusses the anatomy of the cerebellum, from its gross architecture to its synapses. This chapter provides a basis for understanding the role of cerebellum in development and maintenance of motor control in the healthy, developing child. It also provides context for understanding the symptoms and signs of the large number of congenital structural, genetic, and acquired diseases of the cerebellum that affect children. The objective is to aid clinicians in making decisions about a diagnostic assessment, particularly in cases where the initial clinical presentation and neuroimaging findings are nonspecific. Concepts related to disease-related and potentially modifiable neural transmission and neuroplasticity are also reviewed.
Case 17: Pregnant Teenager with a Bad Outcome

A 17-year-old primigravida (85 kg) is admitted to the hospital at 7p.m. She is 39 weeks pregnant and in labor. Fetal distress is diagnosed and an emergency cesarean section is scheduled. The patient refuses both spinal and epidural anesthesia. She is taken to operating room No. 4 and routine monitors are placed. She is very nervous and does not want the oxygen mask for preoxygenation. You anesthetize her with a rapid-sequence technique consisting of metoclopramide; an antacid, 30 ml per os; etomidate, 18 mg; and succinylcholine, 100 mg, with cricoid pressure. After the endotracheal tube (ETT) is placed in the trachea, anesthesia is maintained with 50 % nitrous oxide in oxygen with isoflurane 0.8 %. Further muscle relaxation is provided by intravenous (IV) injection of vecuronium, 7 mg. At delivery, the child cries immediately and has an Apgar score of 8/8 at 1 min after delivery. After delivery of the infant, the mother receives morphine, 10 mg IV, and the nitrous oxide is increased to 70 % in oxygen. At the end of the surgery, the isoflurane is turned off. The residual effect of the nondepolarizing drug is antagonized with neostigmine, 5 mg, mixed with atropine, 1.2 mg, IV. The patient starts to breathe spontaneously. The nitrous oxide is turned off and 100 % oxygen is given. Three to four minutes later, the oxygen saturation alarms. The saturation is now 88 %, down from 100 %. You check the monitor but it seems to be working as the heart rate per the oximeter and electrocardiogram (ECG) is identical at 100 beats per minute (bpm) up from 82 bpm. You examine your patient and discover that she is cyanosed and, despite all attempts to resuscitate her, she is declared dead 20 min later. You and the whole team are devastated.
What are the greatest challenges for Evolutionary theory in our times

Abstract It is the lack of a common, transdisciplinary language and a metaphorical map encompassing the existing major systems that constrains progress on evolutionary theory. A modification of Eldredge and Gould's model of “punctuated equilibria” can create such a map. This map should highlight a universal sequence for organizational change processes within and among systems. If this map combines this universal change sequence with the process of entropy and a preference for certain organizational configurations, it can reveal a trajectory of soft‐determinism in evolution. Thus the primary information gap in evolutionary theory is discerning the precursors and mechanisms of nonlinear system transformation. However, the proposed map can be used to view all existing major systems as a single punctuated evolutionary system, with nested systems as scaled reflections. In this way a transdisciplinary language might illuminate a “Rosetta Stone” for discovering the mechanisms of system transformation. Since evol...
Investment Consequences of Information Hurdles in Smaller Developing Countries

This short essay, which appeared in a Lithuanian law review, analyzes how consequences of information policies in smaller developing countries relate to their success or failure in attracting foreign investment capital. The central purpose of this work is to encourage government officials, private lawyers, and businesspeople to consider their actions from the standpoint of the information marketplace. For each proposed action, two questions should be asked. First, those in authority should ask whether the action would make it less expensive and more convenient for parties outside such small developing countries to learn about the domestic marketplace. Second, they should ask whether the proposed action would make it more or less easy for local citizens to understand what is happening in their government and society. The consequence of information cost effects on incoming investment are profound for small nations seeking to attract foreign capital for continued development and economic growth, especially where such countries have unfamiliar languages, relatively few citizens or descendants abroad with ongoing links to the country, and no unique natural resources to draw inbound investment. In such circumstances, the signaling effect of information policy can be crucial to success in attracting foreign investment.
Astrology, Magic, and Optics: Facets of John Dee's Early Natural Philosophy

John Dee (1527-1608) has received increasing scholarly attention since the completion in 1952 of I. R. F. Calder's massive dissertation, ‘John Dee Studied as an English Neoplatonist,’ and with the publication of Peter French's John Dee: The World of an Elizabethan Magus, Dee's career and works should be fairly familiar. Prior to Calder's study, John Dee's press had been none too good, and serious scholars have labored under the burden of demonstrating Dee's place within some important intellectual tradition, so that he might be rescued from the opinion, based upon his penchant for occult studies, that he was ‘… the sport, the laughing-stock and die pray of daemons,’ or, in more modern form, ‘a rather silly man.’
Historic Preservation Education: Alongside Architecture in Academia

Formal historic preservation education began in the sixties, in three departments of architecture, largely at the initiative of architectural historians. Much has changed since then, however. The g...
Kriging Algorithm in Mapping the Surface Subsidence Early Warning Applications

Underground engineering analysis of settlement data uses detect discrete point method,rendering the settlement warning cloud,which on the surface for the settlement of intuitive judgments.In this paper,use interpolation algorithm to take kriging algorithm and presents a feasibility plan.The program can make use of fewer measurement points must be interpolated to generate the region early settlement cloud of color,the application of this program on the Beijing subway construction of a regional early warning to the settlement of the drawn image.
Better Safe than Sorry: A Study of Investigating Individuals’ Protection of Privacy in the Use of Storage as a Cloud Computing Service

ABSTRACTSince the use of network-based storage as a cloud computing service [Storage as a Service (StaaS)] becomes ubiquitous, users who store data in the cloud are exposed to risk and potentially severe consequences. Therefore, individuals should carefully consider security and privacy issues when using StaaS. Drawing upon the principle of self-preservation and the theory of protection motivation, this study develops a research model explaining the mechanisms leading to the development of a protection strategy for individuals’ safe use of StaaS and empirically tests the proposed model. The results show that the natural propensity to trust, an individual trait, influences an individual’s need for privacy. This, in turn, along with perception of privacy risk, significantly affects individuals’ perception of the need to protect themselves. Three coping appraisal factors, preventive measures, self-efficacy, and willingness to incur cost of prevention, together with the individual perceived need to protect se...
An overview of spectrum sensing for harmonic radar

Harmonic radar is an exciting technology for the detection and ranging of nonlinear targets. The advantage of harmonic radar is that it can separate linear clutter from the harmonic target response. Possible disadvantages of harmonic radar include the need for highly sensitive receiver components, which can result in degraded performance in the presence of radio frequency interference (RFI). The authors have previously investigated multiple spectrum sensing techniques for harmonic radar. In this paper, an overview of these techniques are presented. These techniques mitigate the impact of RFI on harmonic radar performance, require a low computational complexity so that an up-to-date measure of the RFI is known, and are applicable to multiple radar types.
Nitric Oxide Production in the Lung and Liver following Inhalation of the Pulmonary Irritant Ozone

Following irritation or injury, an array of growth factors and cytokines as well as lipid mediators accumulate in target tissues. It is becoming increasingly apparent that many of these agents can cause both immune and nonimmune cells within the tissue to secrete nitric oxide (Nathan, 1992; Laskin et al., 1994). Nitric oxide is a highly reactive mediator that plays a critical role in a variety of physiological processes including non-specific host defense (Nathan 1992). Nitric oxide also regulates vascular tone, gastric motility, neurotransmission (Moncada et al., 1991; Nathan, 1992), bone marrow cell growth and development (Punjabi et al., 1992, 1994b) as well as wound healing (Heck, et al., 1992). Nitric oxide is generated enzymatically in mammalian cells by the NADPH-dependent enzyme, nitric oxide synthase, from the amino acid 1-arginine (Nathan 1992; Nathan and Xie, 1994). Enzyme activity requires flavin mononucleotide, adenine dinucleotide, tetrahydrobiopterin and in some cases, calcium and calmodulin as cofactors. Three different isoforms of nitric oxide synthase have been characterized including two constitutively expressed, relatively low output forms of the enzyme, and one relatively high output cytokine-inducible form of the enzyme (Nathan and Xie, 1994). Constitutive forms of nitric oxide synthase have been identified in endothelial cells and the brain and are known to require calcium and calmodulin for activity. The cytokine inducible form is not calcium-dependent. Although first characterized in macrophages, this form of the enzyme can be induced in many cell types including endothelial cells, epithelial cells, hepatocytes and neurons (Nathan and Xie, 1994).
Grindhouse Nostalgia: Memory, Home Video and Exploitation Film Fandom

‘Grind House’. Or, ‘grindhouse’. The word, or the two words, evoke a number of associations, some older, some of more recent origin. First, historically, is the place where films that could not be ...
A re-evaluation of emotion response to color and form

Previous empirical studies have analyzed emotional responses to form and color, across a variety of contexts and across cultures. Recently Amare and Manning proposed a systematic model that identifies a spectrum of emotional quality (agitation-amusement-focus) generally parallel to the familiar color spectrum (red-yellow-blue) and a spectrum of form (contrast-variety-pattern). For example, both the color red and jagged, high contrast forms consistently evoke one emotional response neutrally described as agitation, a response evaluated positively as excitement or negatively as anger. This model has been used to demonstrate a stable emotion-spectrum response in a population of viewers, to restaurant menus, to environmental activist webpages, to Roman typefaces, to Japanese typefaces, etc.; potentially for any given combination of form and color. However, no follow-up studies have re-evaluated the initial study by Amare and Manning. This paper reports on empirical tests which use the original twenty-one prompts and an additional twenty-three prompts. The results support the work of previous researchers and show the same correlation between emotional quality (agitation-amusement-focus), color spectrum (red-yellow-blue) and a spectrum of form (contrast-variety-pattern).