cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Place, History, Memory: Thinking Time Within Place

Flourishing interest in place as a critical mediator of human well-being has brought with it calls for researchers to move beyond understandings of place as simply “here” – local, fixed, bounded, and, frequently, ahistorical – to more fully engage the dynamics of place, over time and across spatial scales. A “relational” view of place (Cummins et al. 2007) conceptualizes it as process rather than entity – a fluid, dynamic field of constantly interacting elements, within and beyond itself. Inherent in this shift away from conventional, static notions of place is renewed interest in the role of time as a salient factor in place/health relationships. Cummins et al. (2007), for example, propose the development of research approaches that focus on not only “the life course of individuals, but also the social and economic trajectories of the places which they inhabit” (p. 1,832). Popay et al. (2003) have likewise argued for a more thorough-going focus on time, and specifically history, in research on place and health, particularly in relation to health disparities. This chapter, written from the vantage point of a scholar of place with historical training, rather than a health disparities researcher, attempts to add further dimensionality to these proposals.
Television and modernity: Jacques Derrida and the religion of the media

This essay looks at the distinctions Jacques Derrida makes in several later works between the three Abrahamic monotheisms in terms of their reaction to or appropriation of tele-technology and the media. At the center of the essay is Derrida’s provocative claim that there is an essential relationship between mediatization, globalization – what Derrida calls globalatinization – and religion and that, since globalization is first and foremost a Christian phenomenon, only Christianity really deserves to go by the name of religion.
Knee dislocation with suspected popliteal artery disruption.

This is another in the continuing series on radiology in trauma cases from the Harborview Medical Center. Editors: Fred A. Mann, Eric J. Stern, and Lee B. Talner. 1 All authors: Department of Radiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Harborview Medical Center, 325 Ninth Ave., Box 359728, Seattle, WA 98104-2499. Address correspondence to F. A. Mann, Department of Radiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Harborview Medical Center, 325 Ninth Ave., Box 359728, Seattle, WA 98104-2499.
Atomic-scale simulations of strain localization in a single-component three-dimensional model amorphous solid

Molecular dynamics is used to simulate model non-crystalline solids described by a single-component Dzugutov system. The solids are produced by quenching equilibrium liquids at different cooling rates. These are then tested in uniaxial compression. Samples produced at high cooling rates exhibit homogenous deformation while samples quenched at low cooling rates exhibit localized deformation. Shear bands are shown to correspond to regions of depleted short-range order as determined by a Frank-Kasper criterion.
Abstract 3444: Enforced expression of MycN and C-Myc induces different medulloblastoma subtypes

Proceedings: AACR 102nd Annual Meeting 2011‐‐ Apr 2‐6, 2011; Orlando, FL Medulloblastoma (MB), a tumor of the cerebellum, is the most common malignant brain tumor of childhood. MBs are classified histologically and molecularly into four distinct major subgroups, two of which correspond to the deregulation of major developmental pathways, Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) and WNT. Among the two other subgroups, one correlates with high levels of C-MYC expression. Using orthotopic transplantation in the cerebellum or cortex of naive recipient mice, we showed that enforced expression of MycN in cerebellar granule neuron progenitors (CGNPs) isolated from the cerebellum of postnatal (P) day 6-7 Cdkn2c-/-, Trp53-/-, Atoh1-GFP mice induced MBs with a SHH “signature”. Interestingly, overexpression of C-Myc in the same CGNPs induced MBs with Large Cell Anaplastic (LCA) features and mRNA and microRNA profiles distinct from the SHH subgroup. In vitro analysis revealed that tumor cells were resistant to Shh antagonists, such as cyclopamine and BMP4. Ongoing experiments are focusing on understanding the differences between MycN and C-Myc function in CGNPs. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3444. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3444
Research on Bio-diesel and its Developing Potential in Jiangsu Province

In the paper a review of the history,development,processing character,present state and utility of bio-diesel was given,and also the advantages and disadvantages of developing bio-diesel in Jiangsu Province were analyzed.The prospect and development pattern were pointed out.
Italy at the Time of the Industrial Revolution

The fortunes of Italy without doubt are intermingled with those of Austria and Spain on account of the eight-century span of the Holy Roman Empire. The economic stories are very different, however, and, in view of the demise of the Empire in Napoleon’s time — roughly at the time the present study begins — there is little need to treat the countries as a unit, except for an occasional aside.1 What remains, then, is an example of how a country that was not especially rich in human or physical capital — but possessed enough to get the job done — eventually and somewhat unevenly joined the group of industrial nations.
Cumulative life events, traumatic experiences, and psychiatric symptomatology in transition-aged youth with autism spectrum disorder.

Co-occurring mood and anxiety symptomatology is commonly observed among youth with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) during adolescence and adulthood. Yet, little is known about the factors that might predispose youth with ASD to mood and anxiety problems. In this study, we focus on the role of cumulative stressful life events and trauma in co-occurring psychopathology among youth with ASD who are preparing to exit high school. Specifically, we examined the distribution of cumulative life events and traumatic experiences and their relations with mood and anxiety symptomatology. Participants included 36 youth with ASD, all of whom were in their last year of high school. Cumulative life events and trauma were assessed by parent report. Mood and anxiety symptomatology was determined using a variety of methods (structured interview, questionnaire, self- and informant report). Frequencies were used to examine the distributions of cumulative life events (count of total events) and trauma (coded into any trauma vs. no trauma), as well as mood and anxiety symptomatology (categorized into clinical-level, sub-threshold, or none for each). Bivariate relations between life events/trauma and mood/anxiety symptomatology were assessed using analysis of variance and chi-square. Ordinal logistic regression models were used to test whether significant bivariate relations remained after controlling for the sex of the youth with ASD and his/her IQ. Over 50 % of youth had experienced at least one trauma. Nearly one half had clinical-level mood or anxiety symptomatology. There was a statistically significant relation between absence/presence of trauma and mood symptomatology; nearly 90 % of the youth with clinical-level mood symptoms had at least one trauma, compared to 40 % of those with no mood symptomatology. Our findings suggest that contextual factors such as trauma might be important for the development of mood symptomatology in individuals with ASD. Although this idea is well-accepted in typically developing populations, contextual factors are rarely studied in investigations of psychopathology or transition outcomes in ASD. Given the high rates of psychiatric comorbidities in this population, future research should continue to identify the range of possible factors—both behavioral and contextual—that might influence the emergence of these disorders.
Accepting the Existence of Breast Cancer Overdiagnosis.

Jorgensen and colleagues compared breast cancer incidence and death rates in areas of Denmark where screening was introduced at various times in the 1990s. They estimate that screen-detected breast...
Purification and Structural Properties of Ubiquitin

This chapter discusses the purification and characteristics of ubiquitin (Ub),1 the highly conserved and widely distributed peptide that participates in a variety of cellular functions. As this book makes clear, Ub has a role in protein degradation,2–4 chromatin structure,5–7 the heat-shock response,8,9 cell surface receptors,10–12 and perhaps even immunological response.13 The one unifying theme in all these functions is the formation of an amide bond between the carboxyl terminus of Ub and amino groups of a variety of proteins. Thus, Ub can be thought of as a marker molecule that targets proteins for any of a variety of metabolic fates. One of the critical unanswered questions about its mode of action involves the definition of how Ub contributes to the partition of various Ub-protein conjugates between these metabolic fates.
Thermal comfort or money saving? Exploring intentions to conserve energy among low-income households in the United States

Abstract Low-income households comprise an important, but often-neglected, target population for energy reduction in the U.S. residential sector. Previous research of this population tends to emphasize demographic and economic factors with little consideration of social-psychological variables. This paper utilized the theory of planned behavior (TPB) to investigate how demographics, climate zones, and a set of social-psychological variables, including energy concern, bill consciousness, frugality attitude, and thermal comfort (needs for coolness and warmness) influenced energy conservation intentions among 248 low-income households across the U.S. Results indicated that the three TPB variables alone (attitudes toward energy- conservation, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control) had positive effects on energy conservation intentions. Attitudes toward energy-conservation and perceived behavioral control remained as the strongest predictors after accounting for other variables. Meanwhile, bill consciousness positively predicted energy conservation intentions, whereas needs for warmness and coolness negatively predicted intentions. Gender and climate zones predicted intentions when other variables were not included in the model. This study provides important insights on low-income households’ energy-conservation intentions, as well as the antecedents and potential barriers, which provide useful recommendations for future energy policy initiatives.
Global and regional fluxes of carbon from land use and land cover change 1850–2015

The net flux of carbon from land use and land cover change (LULCC) is an important term in the global carbon balance. Here we report a new estimate of annual fluxes from 1850 to 2015, updating earlier analyses with new estimates of both historical and current rates of LULCC and including emissions from draining and burning of peatlands in Southeast Asia. For most of the 186 countries included we relied on data from Food and Agriculture Organization to document changes in the areas of croplands and pastures since 1960 and changes in the areas of forests and “other land” since 1990. For earlier years we used other sources of information. We used a bookkeeping model that prescribed changes in carbon density of vegetation and soils for 20 types of ecosystems and five land uses. The total net flux attributable to LULCC over the period 1850–2015 is calculated to have been 145 ± 16 Pg C (1 standard deviation). Most of the emissions were from the tropics (102 ± 5.8 Pg C), generally increasing over time to a maximum of 2.10 Pg C yr−1 in 1997. Outside the tropics emissions were roughly constant at 0.5 Pg C yr−1 until 1940, declined to zero around 1970, and then became negative. For the most recent decade (2006–2015) global net emissions from LULCC averaged 1.11 (±0.35) Pg C yr−1, consisting of a net source from the tropics (1.41 ± 0.17 Pg C yr−1), a net sink in northern midlatitudes (−0.28 ± 0.21 Pg C yr−1), and carbon neutrality in southern midlatitudes.
How American-based Television Commercials Portray Convicts, Correctional Officials, Carceral Institutions, and the Prison Experience

ABSTRACTThe manner in which deviant and marginalized groups are portrayed in popular culture shapes public perceptions and policy responses. These messages are communicated through a variety of channels. Over the past decade, scholarly interest in the portrayal of prisoners, correctional officers, and correctional institutions has increased. One of the unexplored, important, and relatively contemporary mediums through which inmates, correctional officers, and carceral spaces have been portrayed is through commercials. These messages appear via print, television, and the Internet. In an attempt to understand the content and context of these commercials, the following article presents the results of a content analysis of American-based television commercials that feature convicts, correction officials, prison settings, and/or the carceral experience.
Sub-diffraction thermoreflectance thermal imaging using image reconstruction

Thermoreflectance thermal imaging technique uses light in the visible wavelength range and has a diffraction limit of ∼250nm. Despite that TR is still capable of acquiring temperature signal from devices smaller in size down to ∼3x below diffraction limit. Below diffraction limit, the detected thermoreflectance signal underestimates the true measured temperature by 360%. Image blurring was used in the forward problem to explain the apparent temperature of the device quite accurately. In most applications, there is no unambiguous model of the device temperature for forward problem and one needs to reconstruct the true temperature profiles of the sub-diffraction devices from their measured TR images. This is an ill-posed inverse problem which may not have a unique solution. Here, a maximum-a-posteriori (MAP) image reconstruction technique is used along with an Iterative Coordinate Descent (ICD) Optimization approach to solve this inverse problem and restore the true temperature profile of the devices. Preliminary results show that temperature of sub-diffraction heater lines down to ∼150nm can be accurately estimated.
Catalyst Sintering Kinetics Data: Is There a Minimal Chemical Mechanism Underlying Kinetics Previously Fit by Empirical Power-Law Expressions—and if So, What Are Its Implications?

Catalyst sintering is an undesired, but general, and hence practically important catalyst deactivation process. Understanding sintering kinetics and, then, the associated mechanism(s) is an important goal, one crucial to being better able to limit and otherwise control catalyst sintering rationally. However, and despite the availability of atomic-based sintering models, the kinetics of sintering of practical catalysts are to this day most often accounted for by curve-fitting with empirical power laws. Such empirical kinetics treatments are, unfortunately, devoid of rigorous mechanistic insight because they lack the balanced chemical equations that are required to define the rate constants and to also define the proper concepts and associated words that, in turn, are crucial for being able to describe correctly the sintering process physically. Hence, addressed herein is the key, previously unanswered question: is there a disproof-based, Ockham’s razor-obeying, hence mechanistically rigorous, minimal chemi...
Peripheral deiodinase activity: A potential explanation for the association between maternal weight and gestational hyperglycemia.

BackgroundHigh maternal weight is known to associate with both low free thyroxine and gestational diabetes mellitus. We explore a deiodinase-related mechanism that may help explain these associations.MethodsAmong 108 women receiving routine oral glucose tolerance testing for gestational diabetes mellitus, we collected biophysical data and measured free thyroxine and total triiodothyronine, using residual plasma samples.ResultsFasting triiodothyronine/free thyroxine ratio and triiodothyronine were higher among women with gestational diabetes mellitus (p = 0.02; p = 0.04). The triiodothyronine/free thyroxine ratio and triiodothyronine measurements at 2 h were associated with weight (r = 0.20, p = 0.04; r = 0.22, p = 0.02); free thyroxine showed a non-significant inverse weight relationship (r = −0.06, p = 0.55). Glucose at all four intervals was associated with triiodothyronine/free thyroxine ratios, and triiodothyronine at 2 h. In stepwise regression, triiodothyronine/free thyroxine ratio predicted glucose...
Case 2: Rapid Growth and Abnormal Menstrual Bleeding in a 17-year-old Girl

1. Rajan Senguttuvan, MD* 2. Cindy Chin, MD† 3. Salaheddin Elrokhsi, MD‡ 4. Mark Wheeler, MD§ 1. *Division of Endocrinology, Children’s Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, MI 2. †Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 3. ‡Division of Endocrinology, Children’s Hospital and Medical Center, Omaha, NE 4. §Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ A 17-year-old girl presents for concerns of growing too fast and having continuous menstrual bleeding for the past 4 months. Per her adoptive mother, she has been growing fast since the beginning of adolescence and is continuing to grow taller. Four months before her visit, she began having excessive and continuous menstrual bleeding. She was seen by a gynecologist a month before the current visit and was started on an oral contraceptive pill. However, her menstrual bleeding continues. She reports no visual disturbances, headaches, nausea, vomiting, weakness or numbness in the upper/lower extremities, or galactorrhea. On review of her records, her height has been at greater than the 97th percentile since 11 years of age (Fig 1). Her medical history is significant for mild scoliosis, sleep apnea, and anemia, as well as tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy at 16 years of age. Her social history is complicated by the early death of her biological mother and a history of mental illness in both biological parents. Figure 1. Growth charts show that the height has been at greater than the 97th percentile since 11 years of age and that weight followed the trend after 13 years of age. …
Equipment and Manufacturability Issues in Chemical Vapor Deposition Processes

Abstract Device scaling continues to drive increasingly stringent requirements of thin films from the transistor through the interconnect layers. Such films that enable scaling include those in the high-k gate stack to minimize leakage, channel materials, and stressors for mobility enhancement, metals in the back end for low-resistance interconnects, and low-k dielectrics to minimize parasitic capacitance. Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is routinely utilized to deposit all the aforementioned films with a quality and throughput that delivers enhanced device performance and a reduced per-transistor cost with each succeeding technology node. This chapter provides an overview of CVD equipment and the films CVD is capable of depositing in the device fabrication process. Several CVD technologies (including atmospheric, low-pressure, plasma-enhanced, and metal-organic CVD) and their applications in semiconductor manufacturing for depositing metals, dielectrics, and epitaxial semiconductors are reviewed. The goal here is to enable the reader to make an educated decision on which CVD technology to use based on application, material, and manufacturing needs. Practical matters related to CVD equipment and deposition such as metrology, contamination concerns, and equipment procurement are also covered. The chapter begins with a history of CVD and finishes with recent trends in CVD technology.
Ultrashort Excitations in Semiconductors

In keeping with the goals of the Advanced Study Institute, the following is a tutorial review of recent research accomplishments in the field of ultrashort excitations, and the subsequent return of the excited material to thermal equilibrium. The designation of “ultrashort” in the present context refers, for the most part, to events which last of the order of femtoseconds to picoseconds. Electrical circuits are inherently several orders of magnitude slower. Thus, observation of ultrashort events, directly in this time domain, had to await the development of ultrashort optical pulses. Even though readily useful laser sources are now only a decade or so old, the literature on the application of these laser systems is very large. No attempt is made here to cover a major part of the pertinent literature. I choose instead a subset of experiments, which illustrate the richness of the scientific results which have been obtained so far. Specifically, I trace the ultrashort dynamics in semiconductors of nonequilibrium distributions of optical phonons and polaritons in contact with thermal baths, with impurities, with, electronic carriers, or with each other. The discussion here includes the experimental apparatus whenever it is unique in some way, and I include discussions of the theoretical basis behind the experimentation, whenever available.
Indications for Pretreatment Pathologic Mediastinal Staging in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer

The last decade has witnessed the evolution of several new methods of assessing the mediastinum of patients with non-small cell lung cancer. These include advances in radiologic imaging as well as advances in techniques enabling the pathological examination of lymph nodes before a multi-disciplinary discussion of the treatment plan. This chapter summarizes the available evidence for these modalities and provides a framework for decision making that the practicing clinician can use for the deployment of these techniques.
Gifted Education and Legal Issues

Once gifted children enter school, their parents soon realize the lack of accommodations that are available to address their children’s unique educational needs. With no federal protection under the law and with permissive legislation in many states, gifted children are not afforded the same safeguards as those children protected under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act of 2004 (IDEA). This chapter will explore the legal processes (negotiation, mediation, due process, litigation) that parents can utilize in seeking appropriate identification and services for their gifted children. The efforts of the Office for Civil Rights (OCR) in resolving disputes pertaining to gifted students will also be discussed along with the role that legislation and court cases have had in policy development in gifted education.
O. I. Džoev: A Soviet Critique of Structuralist Social Theory

The Soviet Georgian philosopher Otar Džoev has been writing for more than a decade on various problems in the philosophy of history. He has written on the concept of history, on the concept of a science of history, on the concepts of law, necessity, and determinism in history, and on the role of the individual as agent of history. More recently, in response to theories of certain of the French structuralists, he has also addressed the topics of historicism and humanism.1
Future Directions for Practice-Based Research Networks (PBRNs): A CERA Survey

Background: Thought leaders from family medicine and practice-based research networks (PBRNs) have put forth definitions and goals recommending future directions for PBRNs. Evidence demonstrating that PBRNs are acting in accordance with these trends supports future investment in PBRN infrastructure, funding, and training of clinician researchers. Our objective was to explore the alignment of PBRN research efforts with thought leader recommendations. Methods: The 2017 Council of Academic Family Medicine Educational Research Alliance surveyed PBRN directors via emails to 126 respondents. This survey included 6 general background questions about PBRN characteristics. An additional 25 questions focused on current and future research directions, including the training of health care professionals about PBRN research. Results: The survey response rate was 56/126 (44%). Physician faculty receive continuing medical education credit for PBRN training (reported by 12/56 of PBRN directors). PBRN provided continuing medical education for study participation (24/56), reviewing study results (7/56), attending a study results presentation (24/56), and attending study planning meetings (13/56). Practice-based research education of medical students and residents was reported at 11/56 and 14/56, respectively. Current PBRN research efforts were most frequent in the areas of community engagement, practice transformation, and quality improvement projects. Conclusion: PBRNs currently thrive on conducting research predominantly in quality improvement and practice transformation. However, the study findings suggest that moving forward, PBRNs should participate more in training the future generations of primary care researchers and to address health policy needs.
The De-Federalization Gamble: A Workable Anti-Commandeering Framework for States Seeking to Legalize Certain Vice Areas

The states and the central government have endured over two centuries of a tenuous power-sharing arrangement. This debate has traditionally deferred to the national government and left little constitutional avenues of fiscal growth for the states. The anti-commandeering principle, although a relatively new pronouncement from the United States Supreme Court, could reshape the balance of power between states and the national government in the case of Murphy v. NCAA (formerly, Christie v. NCAA). This is especially true in states’ current attempts to legalize historically proscribed vice areas. The work analyzes the history of federalism struggles in the Supreme Court’s jurisprudence up through the seminal anti-commandeering cases of New York v. United States and Printz v. United States, then overlays these cases’ reasoning with the anti-coercion (conditional spending) principle before thoroughly presenting the regulation of vice, historically and through the federalism prism, using gambling regulation as an archetype. It lastly theorizes that vice domains, some of which have the potential for increased revenue for states, can be legalized, in a constitutionally permissible sense, within the confines of both anti-commandeering and the national government’s Commerce power. It presents this theory by explaining the rule that can be crafted from the Murphy case amid the recent calls to legalize various areas of gambling – sports wagering and daily fantasy sports. It concludes reiterating the framework, focusing on traditional notions of dual federalism and acquiescence to state action through lack of federal enforcement, as buttressing factors to this new era of federalism.
Abstract #3896: Growth inhibition of human lung cancer cells by Cucurbitacin B: potential mechanisms

Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer mortality worldwide, with over 1.3 million deaths and continues to be a major health problem. Chemotherapeutic, radiation and surgical interventions have produced slight declines in mortality rates in recent years; however, it appears unlikely that additional marked improvements with these practices alone will occur in the near future. This grim overview urges powerfully for new, emerging approaches such as molecular or biologically targeted therapies and chemoprevention for the control of lung cancer. Over the recent years plant derived phytochemicals have gained increasing importance for their potential cancer chemopreventive and therapeutic activities. In this study we tested varied phytochemicals belonging to diverse chemical classes such as phenols, carotenoids, flavonoids, terpenoids, indoles, tocopherol/trienols, etc. for their antiproliferative effects on two non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines, H1299 (p53 null) and A549 (p53 WT). The terpenoid compounds were found to be the most potent. One such terpenoid, Cucurbitacin B, (CuB) used in folk medicine for centuries for its wide spectrum of pharmacological activities was used in this study to gain mechanistic insights into its anticancer effects on the NSCLC cells. CuB, exhibited a significant dose-dependant inhibitory effect on the growth of both cell lines with IC 50 in low nanomolar range as assayed by MTT and Cy-Quant cell proliferation assays. The cells underwent rapid morphologic changes after 10-30 mins of exposure to CuB as evidenced by phase-contrast microscopy, which might be suggestive of the impairment of actin filament organization and microtubule disruption. To understand the molecular basis of the putative anticancer activity, we investigated the effects of CuB treatment on cell cycle distribution and apoptosis. Flow cytometric analysis showed a significant dose dependent arrest of cells in the G2/M phase ofthe cell cycle in as early as 8 hrs. The down regulation of checkpoint protein Cyclin B was well correlated with the cell cycle arrest at G2/M. Apoptosis, assayed by ethidium bromide and acridine orange fluorescence staining revealed signs of nuclear condensation, nuclei fragmentation, and membrane blebbing with CuB treatment. Western blot analysis showed a dose dependent downregulation of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl2 and the proteolytic cleavage of PARP (Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase) that is a known downstream target of Caspase-3 activation and one of the hall mark feature associated with apoptosis. Taken together our results suggest that CuB exhibits pleotropic effects on the cells inducing both cell cycle arrest and apoptosis and can have therapeutic effects on both p53- and p53+ non small cell lung cancer. Citation Information: In: Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res; 2009 Apr 18-22; Denver, CO. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; 2009. Abstract nr 3896.
The neural correlates of low social integration as a risk factor for suicide

Low social integration is commonly described in acutely suicidal individuals. Neural mechanisms underlying low social integration are poorly understood in depressed and suicidal patients. We sought to characterize the neural response to low social integration in acutely suicidal patients. Adult depressed patients within 3 days of a suicide attempt (n = 10), depressed patients with suicidal ideation (n = 9), non-suicidal depressed patients (n = 15), and healthy controls (N = 18) were administered the Cyberball Game while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging. We used complementary functional connectivity and region of interest data analysis approaches. There were no group differences in functional connectivity within neural network involving the pain matrix, nor in insula neural activity or the insula during either social inclusion. Superior anterior insula activity exhibited an inverted U-shaped curve across the suicide risk spectrum during social inclusion. Superior insula activity during social inclusion correlated with depression severity and psychological pain. Dorsal anterior cingulate cortex activity during social exclusion correlated with physical pain severity. Neural responses in the anterior insula significantly correlated with depression severity and with psychological pain during social inclusion, whereas dACC activity significantly correlated with physical pain during social exclusion. Recent suicidal behavior seems associated with a distinct neural response to social exclusion independently of presence of depression or suicidal thoughts.
P190 iPAD4 – improving paediatric airway documentation

Introduction and aims Intubation outwith the theatre environment is associated with higer risks than in-theatre intubation.1Patients admitted to the paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) may also have airway abnormalities making intubation unpredictable. Staff should be aware of any previous procedural difficulties. This audit set out to improve documentation about the paediatric airway in PICU. Methods A quality improvement project was performed in PICU over 24 months with progress being recorded using a predesigned proforma. This aimed to ascertain details regarding the patients airway and airway proceduralist. It was also recorded if the bedside nurse was aware of the documented grade of laryngoscopy. The following interventions were performed and subsequently re-audited 1: a new airway details box was added to the paper observation balance chart, 2: a new electronic system was implemented in the PICU to replace all paper charts, 3: a laminated ‘cheat sheet’ was placed at every bedspace displaying key airway details. A 20 chart snapshot audit was performed after each intervention. Results Some areas of documentation have shown marked improvement over the audit cycles. Bedside nurse awareness of airway details showed marked improvement with 90–100% (previously 24–75%) being aware of the grade of laryngoscopy. 100% of nurses knew where to find details about previous intubations and the size and length of the endotracheal tube was documented in 100% of cases. Documentation of the ease of bag mask ventilation (BMV) remains largely unchanged with an initial documentation rate of 50%. This fell with the initial two interventions before improving back to 50% in the most recent re-audit. Another area of improvement was documentation of laryngoscopy grade improving across the audit cycles from 79% to 95%. Documentation of the grade of airway proceduralist and ease of intubation showed marked deterioration with the implementation of the electronic monitoring system (falling from 79–100% to 5–10%, and from 28–50% to 15% respectively. Discussion and conclusion The interventions performed to date have had mixed results with many areas showing improvement in documentation. Implementation of a new electronic system has provided some challenges and will provide an opportunity for further quality improvement interventions. Bedside nurse awareness of essential airway details have shown marked improvement over the duration of this project. References Bowles TM, et al. Out-of-theatre tracheal intubation: prospective multicentre study of clinical practice and adverse events. British Journal of Anaesthesia. 2011; 107(5): 687–92
Development of a Portable Z-Wave Signal Detector for Home Security Installations

Many home automation systems use the wireless protocol Z-Wave for communication between devices in the network. Installers of such systems often face issues related to Z-Wave connectivity during installations, as devices must be placed so that Z-Wave signal strength between them is strong enough to add the device to the mesh network. The goal of this project is to design and prototype a device that measures Z-Wave signal strength to aid installers in the process of placing devices and troubleshooting device connectivity. While devices that measure Z-Wave signal strength currently exist, they are not optimized for installer use. Some devices require a proprietary license to operate, and some such as spectrum analyzers are expensive and have a large learning curve. The design's hardware consists of an antenna, software-defined radio (SDR), Raspberry Pi, LED array, activation button, battery, and housing. The antenna captures a modulated signal in the Z-Wave band and converts it to a voltage signal to be processed by the SDR. The voltage signal goes through an analog to digital converter in the SDR and is streamed into the Raspberry Pi as discrete voltage samples over time. The Raspberry Pi utilizes firmware called LibAirspy to interface to the SDR and forwards the voltage samples over time to a Python program, which then processes the data via downsampling, multiplication by the conjugate, and conversion to a decibel scale. The program finds the maximum power level measured over the interval and compared to a strength threshold. Whether the threshold has been met is displayed via LEDs on the tool. This tool will be used to decrease the resource intensivity of installing Z-Wave devices, leading to increased installer efficiency and lower call-center workload.
Inclusive Masculinities, Homosexuality and Homophobia in German Professional Soccer

German society and even German soccer have become more acceptant of the idea of inclusive masculinities. Hyper-masculinity is no longer the only paradigm dominating discourses on soccer. Other forms of masculinities have become more accepted in the German public and its soccer community. Nevertheless, two major aspects of homophobia remain part of the German soccer scene. First, homophobic epithets and chants continue to represent a major ingredient of the climate in soccer stadiums. Second, there is the absence of openly homosexual top-level soccer players. So far, no active players in top division German soccer have come out as gay. What explains this contrast between the acceptance of inclusive masculinities and the continued homophobia of the game? This paper analyses discourses on masculinity, homosexuality and homophobia in German professional soccer to address this puzzle. I argue that the increasing commercialization of the game and the efforts of preserving the tradition of the game tend to pull in the same direction and, therefore, reinforce each other. There simply are no large constituencies and advocacy groups that would have strong interests in eradicating homophobia.
Mild steel and stainless steel welding fumes elicit pro‐inflammatory and pro‐oxidant effects in first trimester trophoblast cells

PROBLEM As more women join the skilled-trade workforce, the effects of workplace exposures on pregnancy need to be explored. This study aims to identify the effects of mild steel and stainless steel welding fume exposures on cultured placental trophoblast cells. METHOD OF STUDY Welding fumes (mild steel and stainless steel) were generously donated by Lincoln Electric. Electron microscopy was used to characterize welding fume particle size and the ability of particles to enter extravillous trophoblast cells (HTR-8/SVneo). Cellular viability, free radical production, cytokine production, and ability of cells to maintain invasive properties were analyzed, respectively, by WST-1, electron paramagnetic resonance, DCFH-DA, V-plex MULTI-SPOT assay system, and a matrix gel invasion assay. RESULTS For all three welding fume types, average particle size was <210 nm. HTR-8/SVneo cells internalized welding particles, and nuclear condensation was observed. Cellular viability was significantly decreased at the high dose of 100 µg/mL for all three welding fumes, and stainless steel generated the greatest production of the hydroxyl radical, and intracellular reactive oxygen species. Production of the cytokines IL-1β and TNFα were not observed in response to welding fume exposure, but IL-6 and IL-8 were. Finally, the invasive capability of cells was decreased upon exposure to both mild steel and stainless steel welding fumes. CONCLUSION Welding fumes are cytotoxic to extravillous trophoblasts, as is evident by the production of free radicals, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and the observed decrease in invasive capabilities.
55 HUMAN ADENINE PHOSPHORIBOSYLTRANSFERASE (APRT) DEFICIENCY: A SINGLE MUTANT ALLELE COMMON TO THE JAPANESE

55 HUMAN ADENINE PHOSPHORIBOSYLTRANSFERASE (APRT) DEFICIENCY: A SINGLE MUTANT ALLELE COMMON TO THE JAPANESE
Diagnostic and prognostic considerations for use of natriuretic peptides in obese patients with heart failure.

Abstract Natriuretic peptides (NPs, B-type natriuretic peptide /BNP and NT-proBNP) are universally used biomarkers with established cut-points to aid in the diagnosis of heart failure (HF). It has been demonstrated that an inverse relationship exists between obesity, defined by the body mass index (BMI), and NPs, such that the application of NPs to diagnostic algorithms in HF remains challenging in overweight and obese patients. Some have advocated that lowering the cut-offs for NPs or using a correction for high BMI may improve the diagnostic accuracy in obese individuals. The inverse relationship of NPs with high BMI is present in both HF with reduced (HFrEF) and with preserved (HFpEF) ejection fraction, although levels tend to be higher in HFrEF. Nevertheless, data from several studies have shown that the prognostic value of NPs is preserved across BMI classes, and that increasing circulating levels of NPs correlate with adverse outcomes including all-cause mortality and HF hospitalizations. While NPs can still be used in diagnosis of HF in obese individuals, lower thresholds and the clinical context should be utilized in decision making. Additionally, given the validated prognostic value even in obesity, NPs can be employed in risk-stratification of individuals with obesity and HF, although there remains limited evidence about use in those with severe obesity (BMI >40 kg/m2).
Hybrid systems: Generalized solutions and robust stability

Abstract Robust asymptotic stability for hybrid systems is considered. For this purpose, a generalized solution concept is developed. The first step is to characterize a hybrid time domain that permits an efficient description of the convergence of a sequence of solutions. Graph convergence is used. Then a generalized solution definition is given that leads to continuity with respect to initial conditions and perturbations of the system data. This property enables new results on necessary conditions for asymptotic stability in hybrid systems.
Teaching college writing from a physicist's perspective

College writing has conventionally been taught by faculty in the humanities, but many schools have begun to encourage writing instruction by faculty from a variety of disciplines. Our institution, Davidson College, has a college-wide writing requirement of all first-year students, and encourages a broad spectrum of faculty to contribute to the writing curriculum. We describe our recent experiences teaching three different writing courses that focus on topics in 20th century physics and astronomy. The goal of this teaching is to prepare students to be intellectual writers on scientific and technical topics, while focusing on concepts in physics and related areas. The writing and rhetorical skills emphasized in our classes have wide applicability for students seeking various professions. Our writing courses have required us to develop teaching methods unfamiliar to some physicists but have proven to be popular with many students and warmly received by our colleagues. Teaching these courses has helped to increase student interest in physics and has also helped the authors to grow intellectually and professionally. Here, we share our experiences teaching courses within our college's first-year writing program. We find the endeavor to be beneficial to our college, faculty, and students and hope to encourage other non-writing faculty to consider contributing to the writing programs at their institutions.
Energy Balance, Eating Disorder Risk, and Pathogenic Behaviors Among Athletic Trainers.

CONTEXT Research exists on energy balances (EBs) and eating disorder (ED) risks in physically active populations and occupations by settings, but the EB and ED risk in athletic trainers (ATs) have not been investigated. OBJECTIVE To assess ATs' energy needs, including the macronutrient profile, and examine ED risk and pathogenic behavioral differences between sexes (men, women) and job statuses (part time or full time) and among settings (college or university, high school, nontraditional). DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Free-living in job settings. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS Athletic trainers (n = 46; male part-time graduate assistant ATs = 12, male full-time ATs = 11, female part-time graduate assistant ATs = 11, female full-time ATs = 12) in the southeastern United States. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Anthropometric measures (sex, age, height, weight, body composition), demographic characteristics (job status [full- or part-time AT], job setting [college/university, high school, nontraditional], years of AT experience, exercise background, alcohol use), resting metabolic rate, energy intake (EI), total daily energy expenditure (TDEE), exercise energy expenditure, EB, macronutrients (carbohydrates, protein, fats), the Eating Disorder Inventory-3, and the Eating Disorder Inventory-3 Symptom Checklist. RESULTS The majority of participants (84.8%, n = 39) had an ED risk, with 26.1% (n = 12) engaging in at least 1 pathogenic behavior, 50% (n = 23) in 2 pathogenic behaviors, and 10.8% (n = 5) in >2 pathogenic behaviors. Also, 82.6% of ATs (n = 38) presented in negative EB (EI < TDEE). Differences were found in resting metabolic rate for sex and job status (F1,45 = 16.48, P = .001), EI (F1,45 = 12.01, P = .001), TDEE (F1,45 = 40.36, P < .001), and exercise energy expenditure (F1,38 = 5.353, P = .026). No differences were present in EB for sex and job status (F1,45 = 1.751, P = .193); χ2 analysis revealed no significant relationship between ATs' sex and EB ({\rm{\chi }}_{1,46}^2= 0.0, P = 1.00) and job status and EB ({\rm{\chi }}_{1,46}^2 = 2.42, P = .120). No significant relationship existed between Daily Reference Intakes recommendations for all macronutrients and sex or job status. CONCLUSIONS These athletic trainers experienced negative EB, similar to other professionals in high-demand occupations. Regardless of sex or job status, ATs had a high ED risk and participated in unhealthy pathogenic behaviors. The physical and mental concerns associated with these findings indicate a need for interventions targeted at ATs' health behaviors.
THE ROLE OF MUSIC IN STRESS MANAGEMENT: तनाव प्रबंधन में संगीत की भूमिका

Stress management refers to the development of certain psychological and physiological mechanisms that can be learned to reduce the side effects of human body and mind. According to Richard Lazarus and Susan Folk Men, when a person has few resources to reach a goal and the work to be done is too much, then he gets stressed. Research by Walter Cannon and Hans Salleay found that stress has negative effects on the body and mind. It is necessary for every human being to learn the techniques of stress management in order to live a satisfying, balanced and happy life. One of these techniques is the use of music. According to Jain Collingwood, music has such unique power that it reduces stress by affecting us emotionally. The melody of music makes the human mind happy, the lyrics of the song inspire the person and the heart likes the rhythm. Music affects all humans. The tradition of singing and dancing with different instruments in different languages ​​and dialects has been found in all the societies of the world, that is, music provides universal joy. तनाव परबधन का अरथ कछ ऐसी मनावजञानिक और शारीरिक करियाआ की परणाली विकसित करन स ह जिनह सीख कर मनषय क शरीर और मन पर पडन वाल दषपरभावो को कम किया जा सकता ह। रिचरड लज़ारस तथा ससन फोक मन क अनसार जब मनषय क पास किसी लकषय तक पहचन क लिए ससाधन कम होत ह और पर किय जान वाल काम बहत अधिक होत ह तो उस तनाव होता ह। वालटर कनन तथा हनस सलय न मनषयो तथा पराणियो पर किय गय शोध म पाया कि तनाव शरीर और मन पर नकारातमक परभाव डालता ह। परतयक मनषय क लिए यह आवशयक ह कि वह सतोषपरद, सतलित और सखी जीवन जीन क लिय तनाव परबधन की तकनीक सीख। इनही तकनीको म स एक ह सगीत का उपयोग। जन कालिगवड क अनसार सगीत म एसी अनोखी शकति होती ह जो कि हम भावनातमक रप स परभावित कर तनाव को कम करती ह। सगीत की सवर लहरिया मनषय क मन को आनदित करती ह गीत क बोल वयकति को पररित करत ह तथा लय मन को अचछी लगती ह। सभी मनषयो को सगीत परभावित करता ह। विशव क सभी समाजो म भिनन - भिनन भाषाओ और बोलियो म विभिनन वादयो क साथ गान तथा नतय करन की परपरा पाई गई ह अरथात सगीत सारवभौमिक रप स आननद परदान करता ह।