cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Measles virus panniculitis subsequent to vaccine administration

A severe illness developed gradually in a healthy boy following administration of live measles vaccine at age 14 years. Killed measles vaccine had been given at age 2. Panniculitis began near the site of live vaccine injection, extended contiguously to involve the entire upper arm, and then began to appear in distant subcutaneous sites. He was febrile, leukopenic, anemic, and lost weight rapidly. Evidence of a cause-and-effect relationship between the lesions and the measles vaccine included biopsy findings of particles closely resembling measles nucleocapsids and complete virions by electron microscopy, positive fluorescence after staining with two anti-measles nucleocapsid sera, and immunologic aberrations. The lesions regressed after various treatments and completely remitted on two occasions, but recurred. He became severely malnourished and finally died 29 months after the measles vaccination. At autopsy, pannicultitis was found in the subcutis and mesentery, without evidence of involvement of the brain or other vital organs.
Value and uncertainty as weighting factors in impression formation

An experiment was conducted to compare mathematical models describing how people combine information to form an impression of another person. Subjects rated how much they would like stimulus persons described by one or two adjectives. Subjects also reported their level of uncertainty about each evaluation. Models using the uncertainty measures to predict integration weights were no more successful than the equal weight averaging model. There was no evidence that extreme adjectives were given high weight. Information integration was best described by a model in which the more negative adjective in a pair is given more weight than the other adjective.
Wavelet-based characterization of vertebral trabecular bone structure from magnetic resonance images at 3 T compared with micro-computed tomographic measurements.

Abstract Trabecular bone structure and bone density contribute to the strength of bone and are important in the study of osteoporosis. Wavelets are a powerful tool in characterizing and quantifying texture in an image. The purpose of this study was to validate wavelets as a tool in computing trabecular bone thickness directly from gray-level images. To this end, eight cylindrical cores of vertebral trabecular bone were imaged using 3-T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and micro-computed tomography (μCT). Thickness measurements of the trabecular bone from the wavelet-based analysis were compared with standard 2D structural parameters analogous to bone histomorphometry (MR images) and direct 3D distance transformation methods (μCT images). Additionally, bone volume fraction was determined using each method. The average difference in trabecular thickness between the wavelet and standard methods was less than the size of 1 pixel size for both MRI and μCT analysis. A correlation (R) of .94 for μCT measurements and that of .52 for MRI were found for the bone volume fraction. Based on these results, we conclude that wavelet-based methods deliver results comparable with those from established MR histomorphometric measurements. Because the wavelet transform is more robust with respect to image noise and operates directly on gray-level images, it could be a powerful tool for computing structural bone parameters from MR images acquired using high resolution and thus limited signal scenarios.
Current applications of laparoscopy in gynecologic oncology: A literature review

Objective. To describe the current role of laparoscopy in the clinical practice of gynecologic oncology, and to summarize the most recent published data.Methods. A PubMed search was conducted from ...
Prevalence of active epilepsy and health-related quality of life among adults with self-reported epilepsy in California: California Health Interview Survey, 2003.

Summary: Purpose: To examine the prevalence of self-reported epilepsy and active epilepsy, associated burden of impaired health-related quality of life, risk factors, and access to care in adults with self-reported epilepsy, and those classified as having active epilepsy with and without recent seizures. Methods: We analyzed data from adults aged ≥18 years (n = 41,494) who participated in the 2003 California Health Interview Survey (CHIS). Results: In California, 1.2% of adults reported ever being told they had epilepsy or seizure disorder, and 0.7% were classified as having active epilepsy. About three-fourths of adults with active epilepsy with recent seizures reported fair or poor health status. Adults with active epilepsy with recent seizures reported almost two weeks of poor physical or mental health and activity limitation days compared with two to 4 days per month in those without epilepsy. Among adults with active epilepsy and recent seizures, about one-quarter reported not taking any medicine to control their seizure disorder or epilepsy. About one-third reported physical disability/unable to work compared to a small proportion of the general population. The majority of adults with active epilepsy reported having a regular source of medical care. Conclusion: Our findings highlight the burden of epilepsy among adults in California. CHIS serves as a model demonstrating the value of including questions about epilepsy on public health surveillance systems to ascertain the burden of the disorder and to guide intervention research and public policy to improve HRQOL in people with epilepsy.
Tribology of polyethylene homocomposites

Abstract The generation of wear particles of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) in knee-joint prostheses results in severe plowing which increases friction and wear, and elicits an environmental response in biological systems. The large plastic deformation of the polyethylene surface layer under cyclic frictional loading, which is the origin of crack nucleation and propagation and ultimately that of wear particle generation, can be reduced by introducing high-strength fibers in the material perpendicular to the sliding direction. A polyethylene ‘homocomposite’ consisting of an ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene matrix and an ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene reinforcing elements has been introduced to reduce friction and wear. Since the homocomposite is UHMWPE-based, both fiber and matrix of this type of composite are biocompatible. The homocomposite has shown a friction coefficient of about 0.1 in dry sliding and its wear is an order of magnitude less than that of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene.
Angiotensin‐Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Angiotensin Receptor Blockers in African‐American Patients With Hypertension

African-American patients with hypertension are less responsive to blockers of the renin-angiotensin system than white patients. The relative efficacy of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers and the extent of cross-resistance to these agents has not been studied. Fifty-one African-American patients with stage 1-2 hypertension were randomly assigned to enalapril or candesartan cilexetil for 8 weeks and then crossed over to the other treatment. Nonresponders to enalapril and candesartan used a combination of the two. Of the 51 patients randomized (average age 61.2+/-9 years, blood pressure 148/100 mm Hg, heart rate 74 bpm, and body weight 92.8 kg), 44 completed the study. At Week 8, systolic blood pressure (SBP) was reduced by 4.8 mm Hg with enalapril and by 4.7 mm Hg with candesartan (p=NS), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was reduced by 4.4 mm Hg and 5.6 mm Hg, respectively (p<0.04). Of these 44 patients, 11 (25%) responded to enalapril by SBP criteria and 19 (43%) by DBP criteria. Seven patients (16%) responded by both SBP and DBP criteria, and 21 patients (48%) were nonresponders. With candesartan, 13 patients (29%) responded by SBP criteria, 20 (45%) by DBP criteria and 12 (27%) by both SBP and DBP criteria (p<0.04, compared with enalapril). Only six patients (14%) responded to both enalapril and candesartan by both SBP and DBP criteria. Of the 18 nonresponders to either enalapril or candesartan, the combination of the two had minimal additional effect. Significant changes in plasma-renin activity and angiotensin II levels were noted only with the high dose of each drug. In this small group of patients, treatment with candesartan resulted in slightly higher response and control rates than enalapril, more than 40% of patients who responded to enalapril did not respond to candesartan and vice versa, and in nonresponders, a combination of candesartan and enalapril offered little additional antihypertensive effect.
A Review of the Endometrial Changes in Norplant® Users

Prolonged exposure to levonorgestrel associated with use of Norplant contraceptive implants leads in many acceptors to menstrual irregularities. Endometrial biopsies collected from a group of Norplant acceptors with persistent or prolonged breakthrough bleeding indicated this side effect is associated with proliferative-type endometrium. The number of both proliferative and secretory endometrium was markedly reduced. The stroma showed edema sloughing and inflammatory infiltration. Despite chronic levonorgestrel exposure only 31% of stroma showed poorly developed decidualization. There was no association between endometrial findings and levonorgestrel levels. Hysteroscopy revealed markedly engorged superficial vessels in long-term Norplant users. It is hypothesized that progestin-related bleeding abnormalities may be due to the changes in the vascular system (e.g. damaged vessels) and hemostatic factors. Confirmation of this hypothesis requires detection of the presence of hemostatic plugs in patients with and without abnormal bleeding study of the perivascular expression of tissue factor measurement of estrogen and progesterone receptors at bleeding and non-bleeding sites and identification of factors that increase angiogenesis and the fragility of uterine vessels.
Cytogenetic effects of singlet oxygen

Singlet oxygen was generated in the gas phase at atmospheric pressure by the method of heterogeneous photosensitization. In vitro exposure of human lung WI-38 fibroblasts to gas-phase singlet oxygen resulted in sister chromatid exchange.
Effect of strain on diffusion kinetics and activation energy for Al grain-boundary diffusion: a computer simulation

The effect of strain on grain-boundary diffusion has been evaluated by molecular dynamics simulations. The system studied was a tilt boundary in a fcc bicrystal model with interatomic potential calculated by the Embedded Atom Method. The results confirm the dominance of vacancy jump mechanism in grain-boundary diffusion even with up to 1.0% dilation strain at elevated temperatures. Vacancy jumps confine mostly to within the grain-boundary core. The jump direction is preferentially along the tilt axis. The simulations have yielded, as functions of strain, reasonable values of vacancy formation and migration energies. The relation between diffusivity and atomic mean-square displacement has also been examined and used to calculate grain-boundary diffusivity.
On vortex structures and processes over bluff bodies in impulsive flow

An experimental system that generates and visualizes unsteady motions in air was employed to visualize vortex developments over bluff bodies in impulsive started flow. The study presents photographic sequences of impulsive flow over circular and square cylinders for flow Reynolds number of 200. A comparison of physical and numerical visualization for impulsive flow over a flat plate at 50° angle of attack and for flow Reynolds number of 1,000 is also presented. The visualization examples reveal the details of vortex separation and subsequent developments and may be utilized as a reference to guide and economize computer visualization efforts on unsteady separated flows.
Pharmacological and dynamic factors in psychotropic drug therapy.

In approaching treatment with psychotropic drugs, multiple factors come into play and should be considered. These involve the pharmacology of the drug, including therapeutically desired primary effects as well as so-called side effects, and idiosyncratic sensitivity reactions. Other extra-drug factors are concerned with the dynamics of drug therapy. These must be understood in terms of the patient's responses, which are influenced by his personality, and by the influence of the doctor-patient relationship. The effect of the environment must be considered as well. This includes the family, and the patient-family relationship, as these influence the therapy. All of these factors must be understood and evaluated for their significance and contributions to the total therapeutic situation.
Low-energy helium-neon laser irradiation increases the motility of cultured human keratinocytes

Abstract Helium-neon (HeNe) laser irradiation is known to stimulate wound healing. We investigated whether the biostimulatory effects of HeNe irradiation result from enhancement of keratinocyte proliferation or motility. HeNe effects on keratinocyte motility were evaluated by irradiating a "wounded" culture with 0.8 J/cm 2 3 times over a 20-h period. At 20 h post-irradiation, videocinemicroscopy and sequential quantitative measurements of the leading edge were taken over a 6-h period. There was a significant difference in migration of the leading edge in irradiated "wounds" compared to non-irradiated "wounded" controls (12.0 μm/h vs 4.0 μm/h, p 2 ) and evaluated 72 h post-irradiation. Irradiated and non-irradiated keratinocyte cultures grown on a microporous membrane surface were co-cultured with irradiated and non-irradiated fibroblasts to determine if HeNe irradiation induced a paracrine effect on keratinocyte proliferation. No significant increase in keratinocyte proliferation was demonstrated in any of these treatments. The biostimulatory effects of HeNe irradiation may now be extended to include enhancement of keratinocyte motility in vitro; this may contribute to the efficacy of HeNe irradiation in wound healing.)
Interaction between TAK1–TAB1–TAB2 and RCAN1–calcineurin defines a signalling nodal control point

The calcium-activated protein phosphatase calcineurin is controlled by regulator of calcineurin (RCAN) in organisms ranging from yeast to mammals. Here we performed a yeast two-hybrid screen with RCAN1 as bait, identifying TAK1 binding protein 2 (TAB2) as an interacting partner. TAB2 interacted directly with RCAN1 in vitro and in vivo, recruiting TAK1, TAB1 and calcineurin, forming a macromolecular signalling complex. Overexpression of TAK1 and TAB1, or active TAK1(DeltaN), promoted direct phosphorylation of RCAN1 in vitro and in vivo. TAK1 phosphorylated RCAN1 at Ser 94 and Ser 136, converting RCAN1 from an inhibitor to a facilitator of calcineurin-NFAT signalling, and enhancing NFATc1 nuclear translocation, NFAT transcriptional activation and the hypertrophic growth of cultured cardiomyocytes. The TAK1-TAB1-TAB2 and the calcineurin-NFAT signalling modules did not interact in Rcan1/2- or Tab2-deficient mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) cultures. Calcineurin activation also dephosphorylated and inhibited TAK1 and TAB1, an effect that was absent in Rcan1/2 deficient MEFs. Functionally, TAK1 was indispensable for the cardiomyocyte growth response induced by pro-hypertrophic stimuli through calcineurin. These results describe a signalling relationship between two central regulatory pathways in which TAK1-TAB1-TAB2 selectively induces calcineurin-NFAT signalling through direct phosphorylation of RCAN1, while calcineurin activation diminishes TAK1 signalling by dephosphorylation of TAK1 and TAB1.
Inhibition of angiogenesis by two-chain high molecular weight kininogen (HKa) and kininogen-derived polypeptides.

We recently reported that the two-chain form of human high molecular weight kininogen (HKa) inhibits angiogenesis by inducing endothelial cell apoptosis (Zhang et al. 2000). This property appears t...
Radiographic prevalence of scaphotrapeziotrapezoid osteoarthrosis.

Purpose To define the radiographic prevalence of scaphotrapeziotrapezoid (STT) osteoarthrosis (OA) in a cohort of patients presenting to a hand surgeon for any complaint. The secondary purpose was to evaluate coexisting thumb carpometacarpal (CMC) joint OA. Methods Seven hundred radiographs were evaluated for presence and degree of STT and thumb CMC arthritic changes in consecutive patients presenting to a hand clinic for any chief complaint over the study period. Results OA was noted at the STT joint in 111 of the 700 (16%) radiographs reviewed. Increased age, female sex, presence of a scapholunate (SL) ligament gap greater than 3 mm, and presence of radiographic thumb CMC joint OA were all significantly correlated with presence of STT joint OA. However, logistical regression analysis demonstrated that only increasing age, presence of an SL ligament gap greater than 3 mm, and presence of thumb CMC joint OA were strong predictors of STT joint OA. Conclusions STT joint OA is a common finding on hand radiographs of patients presenting to a hand clinic. Its prevalence increases with age, the presence of an SL ligament gap greater than 3 mm, and with the presence of CMC joint OA. Type of study/level of evidence Diagnostic III.
Analysis of Comb Frequency Offset Variations via Phase-Only Line-by-Line Pulse Shaping

We investigate the effect of optical frequency comb shifts on time-domain and RF-domain signals generated using phase-only line-by-line pulse shaping. As an application, we estimate the comb frequency offset fluctuations of a harmonically mode-locked laser.
Transport and effects of fine particles

Abstract Fine particles in the airborne environment are responsible for a number of undesirable effects. Separation between sources and receptors means that a number of transport mechanisms must be considered in assessing the influence of control at source upon the effects. This paper reviews the current state of knowledge of source—receptor transport and its influence upon effects, and suggests several areas where research is needed.
Honey Bee Queen Pheromones and Worker Foraging Behavior

Small colonies of honey bees, Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae), containing 600 workers were trained to collect syrup from counter-feeders in screened flight cages. Foraging activity was recorded for 2 days while all colonies had caged queens. Some queens were then replaced by porous plastic blocks containing queen extract, synthetic 9-oxodec-trans-2-enoic (9-oxodecenoic) acid, or alcohol. Foraging activity was recorded for 3 more days. Bees from colonies receiving only alcohol flew fewer trips and carried less syrup than those from colonies that received 9-oxodecenoic acid or that retained their queens. Bees receiving extract visited the feeder about as many times as those with alcohol but carried signicantly greater quantities of syrup. Death losses were greatest in colonies that received alcohol and least in those that retained their queen. Field experiments using colonies of about 10,000 workers confirmed the cage results and indicated that pollen foraging is not controlled primarily by queen pheromones as is nectar foraging. In both field and cage experiments, synthetic 9-oxodecenoic acid, at sufficiently high dosage, was an effective substitute for a queen in stimulating nectar foraging.
End-host controlled multicast routing

The last decade has seen a deluge of proposals for supporting multicast in the Internet. These proposals can be categorized as either infrastructure-based, with the multicast functionality provided by specialized network nodes, or host-based, with the multicast functionality provided by the members of the multicast group itself. In this paper, we present the design and evaluation of a hybrid multicast architecture wherein the infrastructure provides packet forwarding, and the end-hosts implement the control plane. End-hosts build multicast trees by setting up forwarding state in the infrastructure. This division of functionality enables our architecture to combine the efficiency of infrastructure-based solutions and the flexibility and deployability of host-based solutions. We present scalable and efficient algorithms for distributed tree construction and maintenance, and for reliable packet delivery. We have implemented the algorithms using i3 as the forwarding infrastructure. We evaluate our techniques using a combination of event-driven packet-level simulations, and our implementation over the PlanetLab testbed.
Symplectic geometry of strings

Abstract A coordinate independent, canonical formulation of bosonic strings is discussed using symplectic geometry on a graded phase space. In particular, it is shown that the BRST invariance, and more generally the Osp(1, 1 | 2) invariance, of a string is coordinate independent. Polarization dependence of the quantum theory, as well as the emergence of the critical dimension related to polarization nonpreserving canonical transformations, is investigated. Gauge invariant and gauge fixed aspects of Osp(1, 1 | 2) cohomology are clarified and the existence of a new type of anomaly, appearing in the gauge fixing, is established. Using nonunitary canonical transformations nilpotent gauge invariant BRST operators are constructed in all dimensions and for all values of intercept. Functional integral formulation of the pertinent world-sheet field theory is free of local Lorentz anomalies, with the lapse and shift fields appearing as dynamical degrees of freedom instead of the Liouville field as in the Polyakov approach.
POLYCRATES OF SAMOS AND THE FIRST GREEK TRIREME FLEET

(1999). POLYCRATES OF SAMOS AND THE FIRST GREEK TRIREME FLEET. The Mariner's Mirror: Vol. 85, No. 1, pp. 3-19.
How does Bayesian knowledge tracing model emergence of knowledge about a mechanical system

An interactive learning task was designed in a game format to help high school students acquire knowledge about a simple mechanical system involving a car moving on a ramp. This ramp game consisted of five challenges that addressed individual knowledge components with increasing difficulty. In order to investigate patterns of knowledge emergence during the ramp game, we applied the Monte Carlo Bayesian Knowledge Tracing (BKT) algorithm to 447 game segments produced by 64 student groups in two physics teachers' classrooms. Results indicate that, in the ramp game context, (1) the initial knowledge and guessing parameters were significantly highly correlated, (2) the slip parameter was interpretable monotonically, (3) low guessing parameter values were associated with knowledge emergence while high guessing parameter values were associated with knowledge maintenance, and (4) the transition parameter showed the speed of knowledge emergence. By applying the k-means clustering to ramp game segments represented in the three dimensional space defined by guessing, slip, and transition parameters, we identified seven clusters of knowledge emergence. We characterize these clusters and discuss implications for future research as well as for instructional game design.
A Critical Analysis of Current Trait Theory

Many current trait theorists suggest that a consensus is emerging around the Big Five as the basic structure of personality. This target article gives critical consideration to the nature of the evidence supporting such a view as well as to more fundamental issues concerning the conceptual status of the trait concept. It is argued that the evidence is less supportive and convincing than is suggested by trait enthusiasts, that there are fundamental problems with the trait concept, and that the trait model is not the only personality model to recognize consistency and coherence in functioning.
The pathogenesis of fibrosis and renal disease in scleroderma: Recent insights from glomerulosclerosis

Acute and chronic renal diseases remain common complications of systemic sclerosis. Although treatment for acute scleroderma renal crisis may arrest the rapid progression of renal disease, many patients develop persistent renal dysfunction. Based on recent insights gained from progressive renal diseases of diverse etiologies, novel approaches to understanding the pathobiology of scleroderma renal disease may be applicable. Key factors involved in progression of renal disease include accumulation of extracellular matrix in the glomerular and tubulointerstitial compartments, epithelial to mesenchymal transformation, and vascular changes. The relevant factors mediating these events include the renin-angiotensin system, the profibrotic growth factors, transforming growth factor-beta and connective tissue growth factor, and reactive oxygen species. Much of the molecular details of the role of these factors have been revealed and promise to alter the practice of therapy of progressive renal disease.
Real World Project Management: Do As I Say, Not As They Teach

Anecdotal evidence suggests that there is a stark contrast between the project management tools and techniques taught in schools and those actually used in industrial settings. This exploratory study provides evidence of those differences in the form of qualitative data collected from project managers in the information technology areas of major firms from the banking, cosmetics, and electronics manufacturing industries. Evidence suggests that there is a significant variation in which the formal project management processes taught in traditional project management curricula are used, if any. The study explores the reasons behind these differences and suggests possible approaches to ease the strain for new hires and current employees.
The pattern of replication of cortical units in Tetrahymena.

Abstract The patterns of increase in numbers of argentophilic elements (kinetosomes) are studied during the cell cycle of Tetrahymena pyriformis, syngen 1. The patterns suggest that new ciliary units are added uniformly to all ciliary rows during the early part of the cell cycle. After the start of the formation of the new oral apparatus, the rate of increase of the row to the right of the oral apparatus is increased and the rate of growth of the row to the left is decreased. The increase in total ciliary units, both somatic and oral, may well be constant for the entire cell cycle.
The effect of physician permission versus notification on research recruitment through cancer registries (United States)

To determine how physicians responded when investigators inquired about contacting patients identified through a central cancer registry, and to examine participation rates under physician permission versus notification approaches. We analyzed existing data from seven observational epidemiologic studies conducted in North Carolina between 1993 and 2004, capitalizing on a ‘natural experiment’ that arose when the state registry changed from a policy requiring investigators to obtain physician permission to one requiring only physician notification. When a notification approach was used, physicians approved researcher contact with a higher proportion of patients, and a higher proportion of physicians approved contact with or provided eligibility information about all patients requested, compared with a permission approach. Among physicians who were contacted under both approaches, the proportion of patients for whom they approved contact or provided information was significantly higher when they were notified. Physician notification was also associated with higher patient contact and overall response rates. Patient cooperation rates did not differ between the two approaches, suggesting that patients did not respond negatively to the fact that their physician was not explicitly asked to provide permission. Notification is likely an efficient way of involving patients’ physicians, providing opportunity for physician input but avoiding the burdens associated with requiring their permission.
Sacrificial Structure Preforms for Thin Part Machining

Abstract Thin parts are often difficult to create by machining because they have insufficient static and dynamic stiffness. Accurate thin parts are difficult to achieve due to clamping forces, cutting forces, residual stresses, and chatter. Sacrificial structure preforms support the part during machining, but they are not part of the finished component. Preforms may be created in many ways, including forging, welding, gluing, casting, or additive processes. They can be used in many workpiece materials including metals, polymers, and ceramics. We describe a novel process that uses sacrificial structures to make machining insensitive to the thinness of finished parts.
Effect of Prepartum Photoperiod on Milk Production and Prolactin Concentration of Dairy Ewes

Long photoperiods during established lactation increase milk production in dairy cattle and dairy sheep, but recent research in cattle and dairy goats suggests an additional influence of prepartum day length on milk yield in the subsequent lactation. The proposed mechanism of function is the level and role of circulating prolactin in mammary development. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of prepartum photoperiod on milk production, milk composition, and prolactin concentration of 22 multiparous dairy ewes exposed to short day prepartum photoperiod (SDPP; 8 h of light:16 h of dark) or long day prepartum photoperiod (LDPP; 16 h of light:8 h of dark) for at least 6 wk prepartum. During the first 8 wk of lactation, SDPP ewes tended to produce more milk than LDPP ewes (2.43 vs. 2.29 kg/d, respectively), and the milk of SDPP ewes had a greater fat percentage than that of LDPP ewes (6.04 vs. 5.51%, respectively). Due to daily milk yield and greater fat content, SDPP ewes produced more 6.5% fat-corrected milk (+0.30 +/- 0.08 kg/d) and 6.5% fat- and 5.8% protein-corrected milk (+0.28 +/- 0.08 kg/d) than LDPP ewes. For the lactation period of 180 d, SDPP ewes produced more test day milk than LDPP ewes (1.76 vs. 1.60 +/- 0.05 kg/d, respectively), but there were no differences in milk fat or protein percentages. Ewes in both treatments experienced a prolactin surge at lambing, but SDPP ewes had lower circulating prolactin concentration than LDPP ewes from 4 to 0.5 wk before lambing (14.7 vs. 51.3 +/- 4.2 mg/dL, respectively). These data suggest that decreased prepartum photoperiod may be important for increasing milk production in dairy ewes and may provide a management strategy for dairy sheep producers to increase milk yield.
Art Content and Economic Reality

Summary.— As a partial test of the Marxist sociology of art, selected evidence on the relationship between economic conditions and art content in a wide range of cultures is analyzed. The analysis reveals that (a) economic conditions are reflected in some kinds of art content, but (b) the main determinants of the reflection of economic conditions in art content seem to be emotional involvements (positive or negative) with aspects or objects of the economy.
Neoaplectana carpocapsae:encapsulation in Aedes aegypti and changes in host hemocytes and hemolymph proteins.

Abstract Following encapsulation of a nematode parasite Neoaplectana carpocapsae by larval Aedes aegypti , there were significant decreases in both the total hemocyte count and in the number of DOPA-oxidase positive hemocytes within the anal papillae. Ligation experiments indicate these hemocytes are not necessary for successful capsule formation. The possibility of these changes resulting from a pathological condition created by the parasite are discussed. Disc electrophoresis revealed several changes in the protein migration pattern of A. aegypti hemolymph following encapsulation of N. carpocapsae . Gels stained with amido schwartz showed a shift in certain bands, a reduction in intensity of another, and the presence of an additional protein fraction. These changes appear to be specific for parasitism and/or encapsulation. Incubation of gels in DOPA solution revealed an increased intensity of one protein fraction which is not specific for encapsulation but may be the result of a wound response. It appears that some protein is released by the host or by the parasite in response to parasitism. While the function of this protein is unknown, it may play a role in the defense reactions of the host.
Lake Resources at Risk to Acidic Deposition in the Eastern United States

Watershed descriptors have been obtained or compiled for 1439 watersheds in the northeastern and upper midwestern United States. A methodology, which combines multiple linear regression procedures with a simple deterministic model for alkalinity shows promise as a tool for acid precipitation assessements. Mean absolute errors in predicted lake alkalinity concentrations of approximately ± 100 μeq L-1 were obtained with no significant difference (at the 0.05 significance level) between predicted and observed alkalinity histograms. Estimates of the lake resources-at-risk across the depositional gradient from Minnesota to the Adirondack Park of New York were established.
Inhibitors of sterol biosynthesis. Syntheses of 14α-alkyl substituted 15-oxygenated sterols

Abstract The chemical syntheses of a number of 14α-alkyl substituted 15-oxygenated sterols have been pursued to permit evaluation of their activity in the inhibition of the biosynthesis of cholesterol and other biological effects. Described herein are the first chemical syntheses of 14α-ethyl-5α-cholest-7-en-3β-ol-15-one, bis-3β,15α-acetoxy-14α-ethyl-5α-cholest-7-ene, 3β-acetoxy-14α-ethyl-5α-cholest-7-en-15β-ol, 14α-ethyl-5α-cholest-7-en-3β,15β-diol, 14α-ethyl-5α-cholest-7-en-3β,15α-diol, 3β-hexadecanoyloxy-14α-ethyl-5α-cholest-7-en-15α-ol, 3β-hexadecanoyloxy-14α-ethyl-5α-cholest-7-en-15β-ol, bis-3β,15α-hexadecanoyloxy-14α-ethyl-5α-cholest-7-ene, 3β-hexadecanoyloxy-14α-ethyl-5α-cholest-7-en-15-one, 3α-benzoyloxy-14α-ethyl-5α-cholest-7-en-15-one, 14α-ethyl-5α-cholest-7-en-3α-ol-15-one, 14α-ethyl-5α-cholest-7-en-15-on-3β-yl pyridinium sulfate, 14α-ethyl-5α-cholest-7-en-15-on-3β-yl potassium sulfate (monohydrate), 14α-ethyl-5α-cholest-7-en-15-on-3α-yl pyridinium sulfate, 14α-ethyl-5α-cholest-7-en-15-on-3α-yl potassium sulfate (monohydrate), 3β-ethoxy-14α-ethyl-5α-cholest-7-en-15-one, 3 β -acetoxy-14 α - n -propyl-5 α -cholest-7-en-15-one, 14 α - n -propyl-5 α -cholest-7-en-3 β -ol-15-one, bis-3β, 15 α -acetoxy-14 α - n -propyl-5 α -cholest-7-ene, 3 β -acetoxy-14 α - n -propyl-5 α -cholest-7-en-15 β -ol, 14 α - n -propyl-5 α -cholest-7-en-3 β , 15α-diol, 14 α - n -propyl-5 α -cholest-7-en-3 β , 15β-diol, 14 α - n -butyl-5 α -cholest-7-en-3 β -ol-15-one, 3 β -acetoxy-14- α - n -butyl-5 α -cholest-7-en-15-one, bis-3 β ,15 α -acetoxy-14 α - n -butyl-5 α -cholest-7-ene, 3 β -acetoxy-14 α - n -butyl-5 α -cholest-7-en-15 β -ol, 14 α - n -butyl-5 β -cholest-7-en-3 β , 15β-diol, and 14 α - n -butyl-5 α -cholest-7-en-3 β , 15α-diol.
Integrated Microcomputer Graphics and Simulation in Open-Economy Macroeconomics.

This article goes beyond the usual use of CAI for generation of numeric examples. It integrates graphic analysis, a mainstay of instruction, and applies the technique to certain types of economic models.
Electrochemical piezoelectric-excited millimeter-sized cantilever (ePEMC) for simultaneous dual transduction biosensing.

A dual mode electrochemical piezoelectric-excited millimeter cantilever (ePEMC) sensor is reported for simultaneous in-liquid biochemical sensing. The ePEMC incorporates mass-sensing measurement of dynamic-mode cantilevers with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) commonly employed for transduction in sensitive electrochemical biosensors. Such an integrated design allows for simultaneous and continuous measurement of resonant frequency shift (Δf) and charge transfer resistance (RCT) as a target analyte binds to the sensor gold surface (0.5 mm2) via electromechanical and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, respectively. The properties of ePEMC are demonstrated in three experiments: (1) resonant frequency response to electrochemically-deposited metal thin-films, (2) resonant frequency response to adsorption of thiolated ssDNA and model proteins with subsequent EIS sensing, and (3) simultaneous resonant frequency and charge transfer resistance response to model chemisorption of a short-chain thiol molecule, mercaptohexanol. Adsorption of all model binding analytes caused decrease in sensor resonant frequency and increase in charge transfer resistance. Comparison of sensor response to binding of protein and thiol molecules showed the two simultaneously transduced signals were proportional and showed the same kinetics.
Sexual reproduction between partners of the same mating type in Cryptococcus neoformans

Cryptococcus neoformans is a globally distributed human fungal pathogen that causes life-threatening meningoencephalitis in immunocompromised patients. It has a defined sexual cycle involving haploid cells of alpha and a mating types, yet the vast majority of environmental and clinical isolates are alpha (ref. 3). Sexual recombination is normally expected to occur between isolates of opposite mating type in organisms with two mating types (or sexes). How sexual reproductive potential can be maintained in an organism with a largely unisexual, nearly clonal population genetic structure is unknown. One clue, however, is that alpha strains undergo fruiting, a process that resembles sexual mating but is thought to be strictly mitotic and asexual. We report here that hallmarks of mating occur during fruiting, including diploidization and meiosis. Pheromone response pathway elements and the key meiotic regulator Dmc1 are required for efficient fruiting. Furthermore, fusion and meiosis can occur between non-isogenic alpha strains, enabling genetic exchange. These studies reveal how sexual reproduction can occur between partners of the same mating type. These findings have implications for the evolution of microbial pathogens, as well as for parthenogenesis, cell fusion events and transitions between self-fertilizing and outcrossing modes of reproduction observed in both fungi and other kingdoms.
What is Global Studies

This discussion examines global studies and whether and how it differs from the earlier wave of globalization studies. Although treatments generally regard these as equivalent, studies of globalization are anchored in social science and humanities disciplines while global studies are, in principle, conceived on a different footing. We can distinguish two accounts of global studies: an empirical account, i.e. a description of actual existing global studies, and an analytical or programmatic account, which refers to what global studies can or should be for theoretical or other reasons. The first section of this paper discusses global knowledge as a database that exists independent of studies of globalization; the second section turns to studies of globalization; the third section concerns global studies as it actually exists; the fourth section offers a programmatic account of global studies. The concluding sections address cognitive problems of global thinking, in particular the challenges of multicentric and multilevel thinking.
Multicamera video summarization and anomaly detection from activity motifs

Camera network systems generate large volumes of potentially useful data, but extracting value from multiple, related videos can be a daunting task for a human reviewer. Multicamera video summarization seeks to make this task more tractable by generating a reduced set of output summary videos that concisely capture important portions of the input set. We present a system that approaches summarization at the level of detected activity motifs and shortens the input videos by compacting the representation of individual activities. Additionally, redundancy is removed across camera views by omitting from the summary activity occurrences that can be predicted by other occurrences. The system also detects anomalous events within a unified framework and can highlight them in the summary. Our contributions are a method for selecting useful parts of an activity to present to a viewer using activity motifs and a novel framework to score the importance of activity occurrences and allow transfer of importance between temporally related activities without solving the correspondence problem. We provide summarization results for a two camera network, an eleven camera network, and data from PETS 2001. We also include results from Amazon Mechanical Turk human experiments to evaluate how our visualization decisions affect task performance.
Synthesis of average film transmission functions

The nonlinearities of photographic film are such that saturation effects at high exposure levels can be compensated for by increased differential area effective exposure. This can be achieved by a properly formulated spatial distribution of exposing illumination, on a differential area basis. A balance between film saturation and spatial modulation permits the synthesis of specified differential area transmission characteristics, as a function of the amplitude of the exposing light. The average differential area transmission function synthesis problem is posed in integral equation form, and an approximate solution technique is presented. Restrictions by actual film properties on the function to be synthesized are presented in the form of easily applied estimates.
Severity of Gambling Problems and Psychosocial Functioning in Older Adults

This study examined the relationship between severity of gambling problems and psychosocial functioning in older adults. Twenty-one current pathological gamblers and 10 current problem gamblers over 60 years of age completed the Addiction Severity Index (ASI), Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI), UCLA Loneliness Scale (UCLA-LS), and Social Provisions Scale (SPS). Compared with problem gamblers, pathological gamblers reported increased severity of gambling and family/social problems on the ASI; scored higher on the GDS, BSI, and UCLA-LS; and scored lower on the SPS. Although they were not seeking treatment at the time of the interview, three fourths of pathological gamblers and 30% of problem gamblers were interested in gambling treatment. These results suggest that severity of gambling problems is associated with increased psychosocial distress in older adults and that a significant proportion of older adults with a gambling disorder may be cognizant of their gambling problem and interested in treatment.
Transmission of DCT-coded images by multicarrier modulation for noisy channels

We have proposed and analyzed a combined source-channel coding scheme using multicarrier modulation. By changing the power and modulation of subchannels carrying different bits of the quantized signal, the channel-induced distortion can be minimized. An algorithm for the subchannel power allocation is derived. For discrete cosine transform (DCT) coded images, multicarrier systems achieve more than a 9-dB improvement over single-carrier systems on very noisy channels.
Wave computations for microwave education

The analysis of even simple microwave circuits can involve complicated calculations. It is argued that students repeatedly forced through this exercise are left exhausted and never develop understanding and insight into the principles of high-frequency circuit design. The use of computer-aided design software eliminates the network analysis burden, but it is a precarious solution: students easily become dependent on software and never develop analytical skills. A simple wave computational approach to microwave network analysis is discussed. The method is derived from Mason's theory of signal flow graphs and is based on wave variables and scattering parameters. The approach is easily understood and applied as either an analytical tool, or within a microwave CAD analysis engine. PC software using this computational technique is described and its educational applications are discussed. >
Methods for assessing the adequacy of practice and improving room disinfection

The value of objectively monitoring and improving environmental cleaning in health care settings is becoming increasingly recognized as an important component of interventions to mitigate the transmission of health care-associated pathogens. Whereas the 2010 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention tool kit "Options for Evaluating Environmental Cleaning" provides detailed guidance related to implementing such programs, there is a need to clearly understand the value and limitations of various environmental cleaning monitoring approaches to ensure the favorable impact of such activities.
Fibroblast growth factor 19 entry into brain

Fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-19, an endocrine FGF protein mainly produced by the ileum, stimulates metabolic activity and alleviates obesity. FGF19 modulates metabolism after either intravenous or intracerebroventricular injection, and its receptor FGFR4 is present in the hypothalamus. This led to the question whether blood-borne FGF19 crosses the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to exert its metabolic effects. We determined the pharmacokinetics of FGF19 permeation from blood to brain in comparison with its distribution in peripheral organs. Multiple-time regression analysis after intravenous bolus injection, in-situ brain perfusion, and HPLC assays were performed. FGF19 was relatively stable in blood and in the brain compartment. Significant influx was seen in the presence of excess unlabeled FGF19 in blood. This coincided with a slower decline of 125I-FGF19 in blood which suggested there was decreased clearance or peripheral tissue uptake. In support of an altered pattern of peripheral processing of 125I-FGF19 by excess unlabeled FGF19, the high influx to liver was significantly attenuated, whereas the minimal renal uptake was linearly accelerated. In the present setting, we did not detect a saturable transport of FGF19 across the BBB, as the entry rate of 125I-FGF19 was not altered by excess unlabeled FGF19 or its mouse homologue FGF15 during in-situ brain perfusion. FGF19 remained stable in the blood and brain compartments for up to 10 min. Its influx to the brain was non-linear, non-saturable, and affected by its blood concentration and distribution in peripheral organs. Liver showed a robust and specific uptake of FGF19 that could be inhibited by the presence of excess unlabeled FGF19, whereas kidney clearance was dose-dependent.
The First 20 Years: A Content Analysis of the Journal of Music Teacher Education, 1991–2011

This study reports the frequencies of methodologies and topics appearing in the Journal of Music Teacher Education from 1991 to 2011. Exploratory review of the middle years of publication was used ...
Modified discrete ordinates solution of radiative transfer in two-dimensional rectangular enclosures

Abstract A modified discrete ordinates solution is developed for radiative transfer in a two-dimensional rectangular enclosure which contains an absorbing, emitting and isotropically scattering medium. Uniform and non-uniform diffuse loadings on the top boundary are considered. The intensity is broken into direct and diffuse components. The direct component is determined analytically, and the diffuse transport equation is solved numerically by conventional discrete ordinates procedure. Results are presented for various aspect ratios, media extinction properties, and loading parameters. The standard discrete ordinates solution exhibits anomalies in the flux leaving the bottom which are attributed to ‘ray-effects’. Large errors are observed when the aspect ratio is small. Numerical results obtained using the modified discrete ordinates scheme compare well with benchmark solutions and show no anomalies in the bottom flux.
Upregulation of PKC genes and isozymes in cardiovascular tissues during early stages of experimental diabetes

The protein kinase C (PKC) pathway has recently been recognized as an important mechanism in the development of diabetic complications including cardiomyopathy and angiopathy. Although an increase ...